The Missionary Review of the World — June 1920

XLIII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EW.{h1e ': JUNE, 1920 A TRAGEDY—AND THE GRACE OF GOD.

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Review of the World fA,,.,. DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON, CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1920 Frontispiece-Spring Time in Tokyo EDITORAI. CO'UUSNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48~ A Call from Abyssinia The New Morccco Stirrings in Guatemala Objections to Church Union in India A Blot on America's 'Scutcheon Christian. 'Americanization Programs Student Volunteer Movement Changes The Antidote to Radicalism A Tra&,edy-And the Grace of God ……..•…….•…………….. By A. Caroline Macdonald 499 The Proposed Union of Eastern Churches A Centennial and Jubilee in Hawaii …………………………………. By Belle M. Brain 506 Among the Jews in the Holy Land ………………………………… By Sabeti B. Rohold 517 Witeb Doctors and Missionaries in the Sudan ……………………………. By D. S. Oyler 523 A Fortieth Anniversary ……………………………………… By Ellen Coughlin Keeler 526 Elevating the Women of Africa •.•…•…•••…..•.••..•.••.••..••••.. By Mrs. W. C. Johnston 530 On the Persian Border of Afghanistan ••…•……•.•.•••..•…•…… By' Dwight M. Donaldson 533 Training the Church of Tomorrow •.••………•………•….•……•…•. By Wm. A Brown 537 Te:u:hing the Bible in Korea ……………………………………………………… 540 Problems of Evangelization in India …………………………………… . By H. A. Popley 543 Linking the School to the Missionary ………………………………… By Samuel D. Price 547 The Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin ……………………. Edited by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer 549 News from Many Lands ••.•••••••.••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••..•••.••••..•••.• "'…. SS3 The Missionary I.,ibrary ••…•..•••.•..••••••••••••..••••••••.•••••.••.•••••••••••.•…••..• 568 THB MISSIONARY RBVIBW PUBLISHING COMPANY., Inc.

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OF THE SPRINGTIME IN

JUNE, 1920

XLIII SIX A CALL FROM ABYSSINIA T HE most difficult lands and peoples to reach with the Gos- pel of Christ are naturally those that think that they have no need of further light. The Jews will not hear because they have the Old Testament and the Talmud; the Moslems refuse to listen because thpy think Mohammed superior to Christ and the Koran more fully inspired than the Bible. Th€l Oriental Christian sects have not welcomed evangelical messengers because they have considered themselves already Christians. Many of these have a name to live and are dead; they show little if any evidences of spiritual life. One of the difficult fields is Abyssinia.

"No one who has studied the missionary occupation of north~ eastern Africa," says Dr. Zwemer, of Cairo, "can hesitate as to the vast possibilities of Abyssinia. Among the unoccupied fields of the world, Abyssinia has long been a challenge. Whole tribes that were once Christian, and still bear Christian names, have become Mohammedan within· the past two decades. The situation is positively alarming. Islam is steadily penetrating into hitherto Christian districts, and making superficial progress among the restless tribes. Altogether, Abyssinia with its 200,000 square miles may have a population of between nine and ten millions. The country consists for the most part of extensive table-lands 6,000 feet above the sea, with mountains which attain to 10,000 and 12,000 feet. The whole country presents the appearance of having been broken up by upheavals and the mountains assume wild, fantastic forms. The principal rivers are tributaries of the Nile, and would form the natural lines of communication with the Sudan and Egypt.

"Religious intolerance and political jealousy have together closed Abyssinia to the Gospel messenger for centuries. There is a ready entrance for the Christian evangelist, but the oppos~tion 489

of the debased priests of the Abyssinian Church and the drastic punishmentS: inflicted by Abyssinian authorities on those who are suspected of favoring another form of Christianity are great hin- drances. " ~ But today there are clear signs of awakening in Abyssmia.

For years the rulers have been unwilling to receive Christian evangelical missionaries. The Swedish Evangelical Mission has been at work among the Gallas at Addis Ababa with some success and the 'British and Foreign Bible Society has in recent years opened the way to the hearts of the people. The sale of the Scriptures has been followed by remarkable results. Many nominal Moslems have turned to Christ and through the Swedish Evangelical Mis- sion a remarkable religious movement in the interior has taken_ hold of the Moslem population, so that in the last six years some 10,000 are said to have been baptjzed into the Christian Church.

The apostle of this movement is an ex-Sheik, Zaccaria, who changed his name to Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence in Sokoto.

The movement is evangelical and has sprung from the distribu- tion of Scriptures by the British and Foreign Bible Society.

A few years ago the Rev. Thomas Lambie and Mr. McCrory of the Sudan Mission of the United Presbyterian Church were at Nasser, a town near the border, when an Abyssinian General and his Staff- called to ask for some medicine. The General also accepted a Bible and asked: "Why do you not come into Abyssinia to teach us and to heal our sick . . . we will treat you well and will give you a delightful place to live."

As a result of this appeal money was given to begin work in Abyssinia and Mr. Lambie and a negro colporteur visited the oountry and received a hearty welcome. The General offered a sit9 on the mouutain if the missionaries would establish a hospital there. Four calls have come for an evangelical mission in Abys~ sinia-three more than were required to take Paul to Macedonia.

There are millions of pagans in Abyssinia and millions more who have only a distant and indistinct knowledge of Christ. It is a country of small villages and hamlets. The important towns are few and of small size,-Gondar 5,000, Adua 3,000, A~is Ababa, the present capital, 35,000, and Harrar 40,000. The railway re- cently completed from the coast to. the capital is an open highway, not only for trade, but for Christian influence and the future mes.- senger of the Gospel. The field offers many points of contact with the Coptic Church of Egypt and the Protestant community. No unevangelized field has a more romantic past and a stronger ap- peal to the Christian imagination. The people are awakening to their need of a better way of life and a clearer knowledge of God.

A deputation from Abyssinia came to America last summer,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

bringing gifts and greetings to President Wilson, and an expres- sion of desire for closer fellowship with this country. How soon will American Christians respond with a Mission to Abyssinia, carrying the fuller message of light and life through Christ and the open Bible!

THE NEW MOROCCO S OME remarkable economic transformations have taken place within the past few years in Morocco. The war diverted . attention from the changes in progress there under the French administration, but did not seriously interrupt the work of transformation. M. Alfred de Tarde, editor of "France-Marco," tells some of the facts in The Geographical Review. He says: "When France took up the work of political and economic organiza- tion everything remained to be done-restoration of the disordered administration; establishment of the bases of economic develop- ment; installation of medical, educational and other service; reform of the land system.. At the same time peace had to be assured and a rebellious population pacified by the combined applicatioJl of force and persuasion.

"The task was rendered more difficult by the European war. There was a call for immediate abandonment of all the country except the coasts. But General Lyautey, with a clear outlook on the future, despatched to France the forces summoned for national defense, guaranteeing to hold Morocco with the remainder. Not only has Morocco remained peaceable during the war but the zone of pacification has been extended. Today the occupied area exceeds 250,000 square kilometers, whereas at the outbreak of the war it was 180,000 square kilometers. "

Step by step the borders o~ the "pacified" area have been pushed forward by troops which build roads and bridges, railways and telephone lines for the benefit of the native population, and which include in their ranks masons, carpenters, laborers, farmers, teachers and doctors.

Casablanca is now provided with a fine, commodious harbor and its traffic is growing rapidly. When Casablanca is joined by rail with Oran and Tangier it will afford European travelers the means of shortening by several days the journey between the Old W,orld and Central and South America. Great progress has been made in the construction of highways, which, with the in- troduction of automobiles, have beeu one of the chief factors in opening up the country. The French authorities have devoted . much attention to town planning, and with the help of an expert the tendency of the European town growing up beside the native town is to overshadow, and finally to replace its predecessor. To avoid this sequence General ~yautey laid down a rule that the

native and the European towns shall be separated, a plan adopted by the English in India. The policy is in accord with moral and hygienic principles. In an intimate mixture of two such dissimilar civilizations it is rather the vices than the virtues that flourish in the Moroccan towns, with their narrow, dirty, ill ventilated streets. In the town plans of the future the first care will be to set aside a strip of ground separating the European and native sections, and on this strip all buildings will be prohibited.

With the example of European colonists before their eyes, the natives are rapidly adopting modern agricultural methods and machinery; agricultural experiment stations and other agencies are introducing new crops, better adapted to the soil and climate than the old; stock-breeding is being encouraged. The next and most important step for Morocco is for the French to guarantee religious freedom and for Christians in America and England to strengthen missionary work.

STIRRINGS IN GUATEMALA F OR TWENTY-TWO years Guatemala, a Central American republic about the size of New York State, has been under the control of one president, Don Manuel Estrada Cabrera, very much as Mexico was under the control of Diaz. The unrest and desire for release from despotism that has aroused other na- tions has also taken possession of Guatemala; and in March last the Cabrera Government was overthrown. Mr. Walter McDougall, the treasurer of the Missionary Review Publishing Company and Mr. Dwight H. Day, the treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, were in Guatemala City with other delegates to the Central American Mission Conference when the revolution broke out. Cabrera fled to his summer palace outside the capital and mobilized the army but in vain. A crowd of 30,000 people made a demonstration against the government officials; and stu- dents drew up and signed an address demanding certain reforms.

The soldiers fired on the demonstrators, killing some, but when cameras were turned on the soldiers they fled to avoid the incrim- inating evidence. The city was bombarded by Cabrera's forces and some damage was done, but in a brief time his government was overthrown, Cabrera fled and new rulers were installed in office.

The demands of the Unionist or Revolutionary party included the following reforms: .

1. A new ministry and civil service officials.

2. Abolition of graft and favoritism in government circles.

3. Compulsory and universal education.

4. The suppression of crime.

5. The enforcement of the law against public religious pro- cessions and against public worship except in church buildings.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

6. The abolition of forced labor by Mozos. 7. Adequate laws for protection of the working classes. There is hope that a brighter day has dawned for Guatemala, both politically and spiritually. Not only have the people been aroused to demand better government, but they are more eager than ever before for education, and many are ready to receive evangelical Christian truth. One' of the Guatemalan Christians told of one town of 5000 people who had accepted evangelical teachings and were ready to enter the Christian Church if only they could have proper leadership. As a result of the missionary conference, forward steps have been planned by the Pres'byterian Mission. The buildings destroyed by the earthquake two years· ago are to be rebuilt, new missionaries are to be sent out, work for the Indians is to be extend~d, a union mission press is to be established and a union mission paper published. This program will cost between $100,000 and $200,000, but the promises of the harvest fully justify the expenditure. Guatemala has been a neglected field. The difficulties are many hut are not insurmountable. There are ignorant Roman Catholics who oppose all evangelical work, but the masses are indifferent to and are ignorant of religion. The government is friendly to Protestant missions and the law provides for the free circulation of all literature through the mails.-Pray and give for Guatemala!

OBJECTIONS TO CHURCH UNION IN INDIA T HE MOVE toward ch~rch union in. India i~ ~ot without its strong opponents. While many Indian ChnstIans and some foreigners approve of the effort to unite even Anglican, Syrian and non-conformist Churches in one organization, there are those in influential positions who hold that this is neither desirable nor practical. The objections are similar to those raised against organic union in America. SOIDe of them are as follows: The ends to be attained are not as desirable as stated. Spiritual unity is most important and does not depend on organic union.

The move toward union is premature and not in harmony with the spirit of Indian thought and customs. India reveres religious men, but not ecclesiastical potentates, such as bishops.

The plans for the union of Episcopal and non-Episcopal Churches is one sided and practically amounts to the surrender of free church ideals. These plans involve many unsolved problems and pitfalls. The doctrinal basis of the proposed union is not sufficiently clear and positive, and involves elements that may promote discord.

The Ilhistoric Episcopate" and I'constitutional Episcopacy" referred to in the Tranquebar manifesto are not clearly defined and

no valid reason is given for preferring episcopacy to any other form of church government.

Organic union without true doctrinal agreement and spiritual unity may foment discord, rather than promote harmony.

These and other arguments show that there is some distance yet to go before Christians of India or elsewhere will be ready to lmite in one organized Church, even with certain latitude.

A BLOT ON AMERICA'S 'SCUTCHEON S IN IS SIN, and crime is crime, wherever they are found and by whomsoever they are committed. It is dastardly and inexcusable for Germans to torture and maltreat their enemies, for the Bolshevists to cruelly abuse the Russian bourgeois, for the Turks to murder the Armenians, for the Japanese to torture the Koreans. It is equally dastardly and inexcusable for the Americans to meet crime with crime by the torture and cruel lynching or burning at the stake of men of the Negro race. The crime with which some of these Negroes are charged is horrible and deserves the !;everest penalty, but this does not mitigate the guilt of those who meet barbarism with barbarism. Mobs break all the laws and restraints of civilization and disregard justice. The facts show that many Negroes who 'are lynched are only suspected of crime, that law is not allowed to take its course, that mob violence is unrestrained passion and that lynching neither remedies the wrong nor deters other men from committing crime.

Last year eleven Negroes were burned alive for alleged crime in the United States and seventy-three more were lynched by hanging, shooting, beating, cutting to pieces, drowning or some other barbarous method. Of these the charge against twenty-seven was murder and nineteen assaults or attEmpted assaults on white women. Some charges were as trivial as "altercation with a white man" and "not turning out of the road for a white boy in an auto."

There is need for an intensive and extensive campaign of education to instruct Negroes and to teach them self-control; and also to educate white men and women, not only in Georgia and Mississippi, but in Chicago and Kansas City. The solution of the race problem and of every other problem is Christian education. Americans need to set their own house in order and to clean the lilot on their own 'scutcheon if they are to undertake the work of correcting the evils that exist in Germany or Turkey or in Korea and China. Many plans are under way for improving the condition of the Negroes and for giving them the opportunities that all mankind should enjoy-to establish suitable homes and churches, to receive necessary education and to be treated with consideration and justice socially, industrially, politically and judicially.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

OHUROH AMERIOANIZATION PROGRAMS No LASTING benefit attaches to an Americanization program that is not a Ohristian program. If churches or Christian workers merely teach English, intellectual studies, athletics, sauitation, hygiene, social uplift and industrial betterment, they may do no more than increase the power of anarchists and crimiuals. It is not enough to develop minds and bodies. To make nil such work worth while it must not only be permeated with Christian idealism, but must have for its chief aim the leading of each individuhl to a personal surrender to Jesus Christ, as divine Lord und Saviour. This work depends for its success, not on patriotic motives or humanitarian sympathy, but on the power of the Spirit Df God.

How shall Ohristian churches help to do this needed work of making Ohristian citizens of all classes of foreigners? The Home Missions Council suggests (1) The right kind of preaching, study, investigation and prayer; (2) Better equipment for the work in churches, parish houses or rented halls; (3) Enlistment of pastors, Sunday-school workers, women, men and young people of the church in definite and intelligent Ohristian effort for foreigners in the neighborhood; (4) Classes can be formed in Sunday-schools, entertainments given, families visited, mothers' meetings held; (5) Help may be given to foreigners by Ohristian lawyers, doctors nurs~ es and teachers; (6) Recreation grounds may be opened, dispensaries established and clubs started in neglected districts.

But the Christian goal must ever be kept in view by the workers -the mauifestation of the Love of God through unselfish service, in ()rder to lead these men, women and children into the blessing of the friendship and salvation of Jesus Christ." To make this service dtectual each worker must be a devoted and intelligent follower of Christ.

STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT CHANGES A FTER OVER thirty years of existence, the Student Volunteer . Movement has made a radical change in its organization. The Executive Committee recently adopted a plan by which students shall have a large representation on the Committee. The Student Volunteer Oouncil has been formed to consist of two representatives, a man and a woman, from all the Student Volunteer Unions in North America. These proposals 'Were first brought before the .Committee in February, 1919, and the first meeting of the Council was held at Wallace Lodge, Yonkers, New York, on April JO and 11: of the present year. Fifty-four delegates were present from Unions so separated geographically as California, New Eng- + Send for the pamphlet on "Americanization." printed by the Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

land, Toronto and Texas. The Council reviews the work of the Movement, and suggests plans and methods for making its work more effective. It also nominates the student members of the Executive Committee, which has been enlarged from six to thirty members, and is composed of fifteen student volunteers, four repre- sentatives of the Student Y. M. C. A. and Student Y. WI. C. A., five representatives of Foreign Mission Boards and six delegates-atlarge.

A surprise to some and a loss to the wor.k comes in the resignation of Dr. John R. Mott from the Chairmanship of the Executive Committee on which he has served as chairman since the Committee was formed in 1888. Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, who has filled the office of Vice-Chairman most efficiently for twenty-two years, and has served on the Committee for twenty-five years has also resigned. To fill these vacancies Dr. Joseph C. Robbins, Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, was elected Chairman and Mr. Charles S. Campbell, a graduate of Yale, was chosen Vice- Chairman.

PROPOSED UNION OF EASTERN CHURCHES As A RESULT of a proposal of the Lieutenant of the Oecumen- . ical Patx:iarchate of the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church of Constantinople in January, a special committee was appointed to consider the question of the union of the various Christian Churches, especially the union of the Eastern Orthodox, the Old Catholics and the Armenian (Gregorian) Churches. This Committee consists of the Metropolitans (Bishops) of Caesarea, Philadelphia, Elioupolis, Kirkilisa, the first Secretary of the Holy Synod and the Faculty of the Theological School at Halki.

The report of the Committee was approved by the Holy Synod on January 19th. It is, in part, as follows: "The Rapprochement and League (Union) of the various Christian Churches not only is not hindered by the existing dogmatic differences among them; on the contrary and in spite of them it is possible, and is to be 'Wished for and desirable, being necessary and in many ways useful for the best interests of the various denominations and of the whole of Christendom. As the first and indispensable condition of this desirable Rapprochement and Union, there must be put aside all the mutual distrust and ill feeling, caused from the tendency noticed in some of them to beguile and proselytize the followers of other confessions (denominations).

"Another condition is that there must be the vital interest for the well-being and strengthening of other churches also, which should not be considered as entirely strange and foreign, but rather they should be considered as akin and friendly in Christ.

"A third condition is the feeling of readiness and earnestness

19201 EDITORIAL COMMENT

in following up the happenings in the other churches, and thus learning more accurately their affairs; and also to lend them a helping hand and cooperation in their strivings for their own wellbeing.

"The acceptance by the other churches of the measure suggested we are sure would constitute the first step in their rapprochement, and this in time will greatly prepare the way to that desirable union for which the Church has ever been praying, having as its motto the last prayer of the Lord: 'I ask not only for these but also for those who are to believe in me through their 'Word, that they may all be one.' "

THE ANTIDOTE TO RADICALISM AND UNREST .

N EVER has there been such wide spread unrest in the world; so much suspicion; S'O much uncertainty; so much foreboding. Even the most optimistic find it difficult to view the future with confidence. Russia, with its 180,000,000 people, is still torn with strife and without any solid foundation. Germany is stirred hy revolution and counter revolution. Great Britain has not only her industrial and political problems at home but faces a most difficult situation in Ireland. Almost all Continental Europe is plunged into debt, into high prices, into socialism and disputes. Turkey is conquered but not controlled. The Allies are in Constantinople but Asia Minor and Syria are still the scene of fighting and massacre. Persia is strangled and almost dead. Mesopotamia and Arabia are claimed by one people and ruled by another. India is a seething mass, with Moslems, Hindus, Parsees and British seeking to control. Afghanistan is a threatening neighbor. China is flivided against itself and is seeking protection against an aggressive neighbor. Korea is in the grip of Japan, but struggling for liberty'. Japan herself faces industrial and political revolution with a demand for democratic government and economic justice. Many familiar with conditions predict another world war centered in Asia. In Mrica, Egypt and the Sudan are kept in control only hy the British military power and many other parts of the continent are in similar state. The mandates for the former German <lolonies in Africa and the islands of the sea are not yet in successful operation. In Latin America, Mexico is in the throes or another rebellion, Guatemala has just overthrown a president of iwenty-two years standing and many other republics know not what change or government tomorrow may bring. In North America, the newspapers of the United States are filled with reports of robberies, murders, strikes, anarchistic plots and uprisings. New York City is a hotbed of radical organizations and propaganda. Many business men predict a panic and everywhere there are signs that

the' Americans, like' other nations, have not learned the great lesson~ the war should have taught us.

n is a dark picture for those who look at the shadows. Is there then no light ~ Many are placing their hope in human nature and human institutions, in armies and navies, in better laws, in a League of Nations and internationalism, in social justice, and bet- ter industrial programs, in Americanization and secular education.

But our troubles all come from human failure and cannot be remedied by human experiments. At the root of all is selfishness and a fear that others will take for themselves what we wish for ourselves. The only light and power that will make the world brighter and better must come from Above. That Light must shine upon men in all lands and be reflected in human lives to brighten the lives of others:. .

To change the figure, the foundations of human society have been shaken, and men are struggling for another foothold. Bol- shevism or radicalism is the expression of dissatisfaction with exist- ing conditions and the under man's attempt to gain control. There is only one ground of hope and that is God as revealed in Jesus Christ and His message of Truth and Life. Self-sacrifice must take the place of selfishness, and service must crowd out indulgence; faith in Christ must displace faith in human institutions, a con- sciousness of the primacy of the spiritual must crowd out the grasping for material things; love must displace hatred and jealousy. Bolshevism and similar cults must be uprooted and something better planted or it will spread over the earth like witch- grass.

There is one class of people that holds the secret of the cure for Bolshevism, socialism, atheism, radicalism-whatever it may be called-and those are the men and women who live and proclaim the Gospel of Jesus Christ and undertake to educate the rising generation to know and follow Him. What a wondrous difference it would make if every boy and girl could be taught to accept the'

teachings of Jesus Christ and to surrender to His control! Chris- tian City Missions, Home Missions, Missions in every land are the program for humanity today. Christ himself must reign in the world before we may hope for any abiding peace and prosperity.

The work of regenerating mankind is too great a task for human agencies. God alone is equal to the undertaking.

RESULTS OF THE INTERCHURCH CAMPAIGN The Financial Campaign of the Interchurch World Movement resulted in pledges of about $173,000,000 out of the $338,000,000 which was set as. the goal. The "Friendly Citizens" failed utterly to respond giving only about $3,300,000 out of $47,000,000 in the budget. The Baptist Campaign has thus far reported $55,000,000 of its $100,000,000 fund. All the returns 'are inc()mplete but the disappointment in the financial campaign means that, the Interchurch Movement will greatly curtail expenditure and a plan is under consideration to reorganize the whole work. More will appear in regard to this in our next Dumber.

POSSIBILITIES IN JAPAN-SHALL THEY SERVE GOD OR THE

One hundred thousand juvenile delinquents are arrested annually in Japan. Shall these boy. be among them?

A Tragedy-And The Grace of God BY A. CAROLINE MACDONALD, TOKYO, JAPAN A FEW YEARS AGO in the city of Tokyo, there occurred a terrible tragedy which was destined to change the course of my whole life work. One night a quiet young Japanese man, with whom I was acquainted and who was trusted by the officials over him, committed a horrible murder. I went to the prison to visit the man and ,to bring him what help I could. He passed through a terIjfic spiritual struggle from which he came out steadied and strengthened to face whatever the future mig~t bring. So marvellous was the change in the man that a prison official borrowed his Bible and read it as he patrolled the prison corridor at night. This official became a Christian and was baptized. He said to me: "We are used to crime here but we never saw true repentance before."

This was the beginning of my work for Japanese prisoners. During the past" :five or six years I have visited' practically every man under condeIllllation of death in this prison and many of them have gone into the beyond with quiet hope.

One day a big, rough, outspoken jailor, a friend of mine with a 499

SHALL THE CHURCH OR THE PRISON WELCOME THE NEEDY IN JAPAN A recently built _prison for First Offenders in Tokyo kind enough heart when he understood, said to me, "Why do you waste your time coming to see people condemned to death? They cannot do any more harm. Why bother with them 1 You had much better confine your attention to those who are coming out again. " As a matter of fact I was doing both as best I could, but I tried to tell him what Christians thought about life, both here and in the hereafter.'

Very different was the comment of another and more thoughtful official, when talking of a man who had just died in triumphant faith. at the gallows. Just before this condemned man's life was taken he had written in a simple way the story of his life and of his conversion, and had left the manuscript. to me. "You will translate that story into English, will you not?" the official asked. He kn~ no English, so that request seemed an odd one, but he went on to explain: "People talk so much nowadays about the fundamental differences between the East and the West, their different psychology, their different makeup, and the inability of either to understand the other. Here we have had behind these prison bars a marvellous example to the contrary. Here we have had an. ignorant, uneducated man, steeped in crime from his childhood, with much of his life spent in prison and his life ended on the gallows. And what happened T One of another race, of another background and education and outlook, and a woman at that, touched him with the

A TRAGEDY-AND THE GRACE OF GOD

WHITHER SHALL THESE GO TO FIND THE SECRET OF SUCCESS IN LIFE? Some Japanese Day Laborers waiting for work universal message or God's love, and the man's soul awoke and he entered into Life. I want your people to know the story."

It is the "uttermosts" that test the sufficiency of Christ's evangel, and it is the gospel of Christ alone that makes possible a real internationalism.

Some time ago I sent a Bible to a man in prison, a Buddhist priest, who had received a death sentence for some atrocious crimes. A few months later when I went to see him I was told that the man was so desperate that he had smashed the iron bars of his cell and that it was not safe to have me see him. The official suggested that I write him and that I did at once. I gradually learned his life story from the letters that began to come to me. He was a man of education, had been or some standing in the priesthood, and had made a pilgrimage to Tibet. He had been a chaplain with the army at the time of the Russo-Japanese war. Drink had been his undoing, and he wrote down the harrowing details of the crimes into which drink and its attendant follies had led him. These letters make a rare study in comparative religion as they reveal the way in which the living Voice of Christ broke through the crust of a formal and hereditary religion after all hope had gone out or the man's soul.

He gradually quieted down and I was allowed to see him. Extra precautions had to be takeIl, however, and seven officials were

present where ordinarily there would have been only one. The man stood in the midst, hand- cuffed, but quiet and steady. He was the first to speak and he said with a sad pathos in his voice, "If I had known this teaching ten years ago, I should not have been here. " Two thousand years since the Christ came and still men do not know Him!

His last letter to me but one was about Peace. His last, a note writ- ten on the morning of his execu- tion, thanked me for what he said I had done for him. They told me afterwards that he had died in peace-this man who had erstwhile smashed iron bars, who was so desperate that he could nat be taken out of his cell, the man whom even the jailors had feared; this man had quieted at the touch of Ohrist.

The prison problem is not a problem in itself. It is only a symptom of disease in the body politic. Prison work is not a work TIME AND ETERNITY IN THE PRISON in itself. It is only a point of de- hCe]ociks ·l~ OChff:ii~tiaf nG°Th:O;i~tf uKTeoS:leJ:isG~~ parture for work which ramifies into every department of life. I Shepherd was presented by Miss MacDonald went to see a man in jail who was being detained, pending the decision of his case in the appeal court. His wife and only child were in the country at the time and I wrote to the Christian pastor there and put her in touch with some Christian people. Later the man was let out on bail in order to arrange his affairs and his wife came up to Tokyo t.o be with him.

Shortly afterward I received word that their little child had ·died, and a day or two later a frantic telephone message came that the wife was very ill and begging me to send a doctor. The woman grew worse and I was then asked to get her into a hospital. It is sometimes embarrassing to be thought omnipotent! It was a .difficult matter but I finally discovered a hospital that was willing to examine her if I could take her there. I borrowed a friend's motor and set out in state for the grubbiest part of the city. The

TRAGEDY-AND THE GRACE OF GOD

woman was carried to the motor on her husband's back, bundled in with her husband besides her and we sped on through the narrow streets, the observed elf all observers. Arrived at the hospital the disease was pro- nOUllced contagious, I and the motor and the chauffeur were disinfected and the woman was sent off to the isolation hospital.

By the next day the husband had taken the same disease and was sent to the same hospital.

He left word for me to let his lawyer know what had happened, for the poor fellow was only out on bail. A visit to the lawyer MRE.RSNHOIRROOSFUKKOES-TUHG!E'; PCRHISROISNT,IAJANPAGONV· opened up a new series of adventures which in turn .tapped other curious streams of life. The man and his wife finally re- covered and came to see me, thin and wan, but very thankful. They had both come along a weary road to the knowledge of God, through prison, through the sorrow of death, through pain and illness, but they had learned the 'Vay of Life. The m;;tn has since been ac- quitted by the court of Appeals and is now free both in body and in spirit to begin life over again. "Behold I have refined thee: I have chosen thee in the furnace of affliction."

Much of my time is spent in visiting the four or five prisons that are open to me in Tokyo. In the federal penitentiary alone, where the wa.rden is a Christian, I visit over one hundred men and see each one individually for I keep in mind that someday every man will come out and it is well to know his disposition, his back- ground and his tendencies so far as possible. It is a day's work to see a number of prisoners, each with his own problems and his own soul's agonies. It takes something out of one to try to help them to endure, and to endure with hope. It takes also three hours of the day merely to go and return, and half of that time on foot!

I seldom return from prison, from other visiting, or from school (for I teach in a women's college in Tokyo) but that I find.

people waiting to see me. Now it is a man just out of prison, or a mother or a sister or a wife of someone inside. A man con- templating suicide reads in the newspaper that someone' 'comforts"

men in prison, and he goes to the prison gate, asks my name and address and turns up at my house to he ~"comforted" also. Per-

KOSUGE; PRISON Interior of a Workshop- -Thc Governor is standing in the center feet strangers come with stories of the struggles of their own inner lives, or their family troubles and expect me to solve their problems.

One young lad, a bookbinder by tr~de, n{'rvous and overworked, walks in without ceremony and has to be quieted down by mpthods most .i~ediately effective. Once he was put forcibly to b€d that he might have some rest, .

. Then comes a quiet, thoughtful youth who has serious questions to ask about the problems of life and d.eath and who wins his way through into a steady faith and life of service for others.

A big fine looking fellow who had bem a man of affairs in IJis time, hut through misfortunes of his own making has come down in the world, comes in like a cyclone, and rails at the universe. I let him rail, for most of what he says is true and one might just as well face facts. He is now earning an honest living with his hands, cares for his two motherless little girls with the tenderness of a woman, and has thereby learned to know the care of God for us.

They come morning, noon and night, the weary and the worn and the sad, not always the poor and the ignorant, but always the needy. Tell me the Japanese are not wanting the gospel of Jesus Christl When the heart of Japan is touched she will be won and, I venture to say, not until.then.

Last Christmas, one huudred and fifty people came to my

A TRAGEDY-ANPTHE GRACE OF GOD 50S

house to celebrate the day. We took out all the partitions and put out all the furniture and sat on the matted fioor. There we were, '

prison official, policeman, gendarme,private detective, with th~ir wives and children, sitting cheek by jowl with ex-prisoners and; their families, the wives and mothers of men in prison, orchestra'

players who gave an entertainment, young lads from a department store who had previously taken possession of the house and decorated it, clerks from the Stock Exchange, one of whom ex- plained pictures of the life of Ohrist. There were other ordinary sinners like ourselves, all of us having at least one thing in common, namely, that none of us would have had any Ohristmas at all if we had not had it there together. .

Often I have been asked to go and get men our of prison and take them to my own home until I could find other friends for them. I have in mind men who have struggled and won and are living earnest Ohristian lives today, and I have known others for whom the battle has bee.n too keen.

I have touched here only the outer edge of the things that have come to me since the days of that first tragedy, but they indicate the opening of a whole new world of opportunities, hitherto untouched by Ohristian effort. These must be conserved for the further advancement of Ohrist's Kingdom in Japan.

Tokyo is the third city in the world in size and has all the modern problems that are vexing every nation but that are here greatly aggravated because of the extraordinarily rapid growth THJ;; INTJ;;RJOR OF A WORKINGMJ;;N' S I,ODGING HOUSE–TOKYO

of Japan's modern life and industry. In this great city of three million souls there is practically no Christian effort being made to .cope with the very serious social and industrial conditions that largely vitiate our attempts at direct evangelism. It is not a sub- merged one-tenth but more nearly a submerged one-half that con- cerns us in Tokyo, the largest city in the world unequipped with any adequate community betterment activities. The most acutely needy section, the one in which are focussed most of the problems that are menacing the life of the nation, and the one towards which the unfortunates inevitably drift, is the ward called Asakusa. Here, compressed within an area of less than two· square miles, is a population of 266,349. Within its boundaries is a large amusement park, 75 acres in extent, with 28 huge moving picture shows and 1heatres, through which, it is said, 50,000 people pass every night bent on various pleasures. Close by is the widely known and infamous Yoshiwara, a licensed prostitute district containing 30 acres of land, 228 houses and 2362 licensed women. These two places represent the dominant influences of the district. The ordinary people of the section are for the most part unskilled laborers, a class exposed more than any other, to temptations of every sort. Crime and juvenile delinquency abound. This is the section with which my work has brought me into closest contact.

The great need of these people for the blessings of the Gospel of Christ and the opportunities all ready at hand call for a large advance in our work in their behalf. Plans have been drawn up to take advantage of the contacts brought about through the ramifications of my prison work to establish in the heart of the district a well equipped community work, in which many will cooperate, based squarely on Christianity and interpreted by constructive service of the most practical kind. Such a center will stand as a social and spiritual lighthouse in the darkest spot in Japan, it will become athe training ground for Japanese social workers and may serve as model for subsequent enterprises of the same type. A group of prominent Japanese Christian men have already guaranteed to raise in Japan $75,000 towards the enterprise and a number of missionaries are also making practical efforts to llring the plan to fruition. Prominent Christian leaders in America have given the plan their enqorsement and recommend it to the boards for financial help. Careful estimates indicate that it will require a capital of about $300,000 to put the enterprise on a working basis. The cooperation of many will be needed, in xboney and in prayer, if God's obvious leadings are to be followed through the open door into this needy field of Japan's exploited classes. Will you cooperate with our Japanese fellow Ghristians to establish a fellowship among the weary and the heavy laden which shall have its center in the Cross of the serving Christ?

CITY OF HONOLULU AS IT LOOKS

A Centennial and A Jubilee in Hawaii BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of' "Transformation of Hawaii," "Holding the Ropes," "Love Stories of Great Missionaries," etc.

T HE YEAR 1920 is marked by two anniversaries of importance in the Hawaiian Islands. One hundred years ago, on March 31, 1820, the brig Thaddeus, one hundred and :fifty-one days out from Boston, brought the :first missionaries to the islands. Fifty years ago, on June 15, 1870, at the jubilee celebration of this event, the American Board announced the completion of its work and Hawaii was formally declared to be a Christian nation.

In 1778 when Captain Cook discovered the island, he found there a race of degraded savages living in grass huts and worshiping idols. They had no marriage rite and were given over to every form of vice. Men had many wives and women many husbands. One woman, after she became a Christian, confessed that she had had forty husbands, usually several at a time.

They wore little or no clothing and nakedness caused no shame. While the Thaddeus stood at anchor in Kailua Bay, the missionaries invited the king to come on board and dine with them. One can imagine the shock to the re:fined senses of the cultured New England women when he arrived in a "narrow waist girdle, a green silk scarf thrown over his shoulders, a necklace of large beads and a crown of scarlet feathers!" Shortly aftel"Ward he came again with :five wives, all with practically no clothing. It was hinted to him that he would be more welcome in a more adequate costume, so neJ{t day he arrived in cocked hat and silk stockings!

507

Cannibalism was almost un- known in the Islands, but in- fanticide was so common that fully two-thirds of the children perished in this way. The women were lazy and pleasure-loving, and children were too great a care. If a baby was fretful it was not an uncommon thing for the mother to dig a hole in the mud floor of her hut, stuff the baby's mouth with rags to stiflle its cries, and bury it alive with- out a trace of emotion. After the advent of the missionaries, when the women came to a realization of their sin, they wept A SAMPLE OF OLD HAWAII bitterly for the children they What Hawaiians worshipped when the missionaries had murdered. lI1:any confessed that they had put to death six, arrived eight and even more. "I have had thirteen children," wailed one woman, "and I buried them all alive. 0, that you had come sooner!" .

Human sacrifices also took a heavy toll of life. The making of a new idol usually cost at least one life (no god would con- descend to take up his abode in it, unless a human sacrifice was .offered), and such occasions as the illness or death of a chief, the building of a temple, or the launching of a royal canoe took many more. "No humble Hawaiian," says one of the missionaries, "could be assured that he might not be seized and offered to the gods before night as a peace offering' or to insure victory in tomorrow's battle."

The curious custom of tabu (boycott or prohibition) kept the islanders in bitter bondage. A chief was tabu and so were his lands. It was tabu for women to eat with men, and certain choice foods were tabu to women. Even a chiefess could not taste the cocoanuts and bananas that grew on her own lands and were her own property.

There 'Were, too, seasons of tabu when everything was at a standstill. The people were not allowed to leave their huts, and fire, light and all kinds of work were strictly prohibited. As noise angered the gods and rendered the tabu ineffectual, the most solemn silence was maintained during the entire period. Dog's mouths were tied shut to keep them quiet and chickens were bound in cloth or put under calabashes to keep them from cackling.

After the people became Christians, visitors to the islands

1920J A <;ENTENNIAL AND A JUBILEB IN HAWAll; ~

A SAMPLE OF RELIGION IN NEW HAWAII The Kawaiahao Christian Church in Honolulu often expressed surprise at the way in whicll. the Sabbath was kept-the strict New England Sabbath brought by the missionaries. But this was not to be wondered at. Its restrictions seemed mild compared with the old-time tabus.

The penalty for violating tabu was death and there were no exceptions. "Don't you think," said an anti-missionary visitor to Kamehameha V., "that things are really worSe now than before the missionaries came ~"

"I leave you to judge," was the reply. "Since coming into my presence you have broken the old law of tabu in three ways. You walked into my presence instead of crawling on your hands and knees; you crossed my shadow j you are even now sitting in my presence. In the old days anyone of these things would have cost you your life."

The early Hawaiians were ignorant as well as degraded. They had no written language and even the great Kamehameha I., the " Napoleon of the Pacific," who united the islands in one kingdom and ruled them with great wisdom, could not comprehend the mystery of written words.

"I can put Kamehameha on a slate," a ship's captain once said to him, and proceeded to .do it.

"That's not me-Kamehameha," said the great chief as he studied it.

The captain then said that by putting marks on the slate he could have his handkerchief brought to him. He wrote the order and the king sent it off by a servant. In a few minutes the man returned with the handkerchief. The king took the two-the slate und the handkerchief-and carefully compared them. . They did not look alike and they did not feel alike, and great conqueror though he was, he was cO:[llpletely mystified.

The story of the mission of the American Board to these degraded savages begins with a dark-skinned heathen lad sobbing on the steps of Yale Oollege. This was Obookiah, a young Hawaiian whom a ship's captain had brought to New Haven. He wanted an education but had no one to teach him. Hence his tears. One of the students (Edwin M. Dwight, afterwards a prominent minister) took compassion on him and began to teach him. But as he had no place to live, another student, Samuel J. Mills (the haystack hero) sent him to his father, a Oongregational minister in Connecticut, who received him as a son and gave him every advantage. Six years later he united with Mr. Mills' church and announced his intention to return to Hawaii to preach the Gospel. He was now a keen, intelligent young man with easy, graceful manner and was a powerful, living argument for foreign missions. Christians everywhere were greatly interested in him. But in February, 1819, he suddenly became ill and died. This cut short his plan of carrying the Gospel to Hawaii, but the churches were so greatly stirred that the American Board decided to take it up.

Hiram Bingham, a student at Andover, volunteered to go in Obookiah's place and Asa Thurston, a classmate, agreed to go with him. Others joined them and on October 23, 1819, a party of seventeen, including a physician, a farmer, a printer, and three young Hawaiians from a missionary training-school in Connecticut, set sail from Boston. Another young Hawaiian, a native prince who had been in America, also embarked at this time.

After a voyage of almost five months, the party reached Hawaii on March 31, 1820. The native lads, eager and impatient, pushed off in a small boat before the Thaddeus anchored, but soon returned with the most astonishing news. The great Kamehameha was dead, his son Liholiho reigned in his stead, heathenism was overthrown and idolatry was abolished! These events had culminated in' November, 1819, shortly after the Thaddeus left Boston.

The reforms had been accomplished largely through the influence of two royal women, Kaahamanu, the dead king's favorite wife, and Keopuolani, the young king's mother. Tabu had been

A CENTENNIAl. AND A JUBII.EE IN HAWAII SI1

formally broken at a feast given by the king at which his wives .and other: women sat down with the men and ate food hitherto tabu to 'Women. As the gods failed to take vengeance, the king proceeded with other reforms. Strange to say, the priests themselves urged him on, and when at last he gave orders to destroy the idols and burn the temples, Hewa Hewa, high priest of the war god, applied the first torch. For the first time in history, it is said, "idolatry threw down its own altars," and the nation was without a religion.

'1'he missionaries rejoiced greatly to find the way so strangely prepared, but at first the King refused to allow them to land.

THE FIRST "MORNING STAR"-A MISSIONARY SHIP FOR THE PACIFIC This was built with money contributed by Christian Children in America and was sent out from Boston in 1856 He had just put down one religion and was not sure he wanted another! At last, after thirteen days, he gave reluctant permission to stay one year provided they "behaved themselves well."

The early days were full of hardship. At first the missionaries were obliged to live in grass huts and had to depend largely on supplies from home that were months on the way and when they arrived were often badly damaged. Flour usually came moldy, or so hard it had to be chopped with an axe. Water and firewood had to be carried long distances and letters from home caine sometimes as much as eighteen months after they were written. At times it seemed unbearable. But these New England pioneers, like their Pilgrim forefathers, were cast in heroic mold

and nothing could turn them from their holy purpose of winning lost souls. When they landed, the owner of a trading vessel in port deciared that ladies of such refinement could not live among such repulsive savages, and offered them free passage whenever they wished to go home. The first sight of the natives had indeed been a shock and several of the ladies had been obliged to retire to hide their emotion, yet none of them even so much as thought of accepting the ship owner's kind offer.

One of the greatest trials .of the early days was the suspicion with which they were regarded by the king, but this soon gave way to a feeling of confidence, and the work progressed very well.

The peoplfl shQtwed a willingness to listen to the Gospel and the congregations on the Lord's Day steadily increased in size. People came long distances to attend divine worship, many of them in canoes which were moored along the beach during service. At Honolulu as many as one hundred or more could often be counted.

The two dowager queens, Kaahamanu and Keopuolani, were among the earliest converts and gave large assistance to the work.

One of the first tasks of the missionaries was reducing the language to writing. The people were much interested and were eager to learn, but the king and chiels insisted on being taught first, so a school was opened for the royal scholars. After lour months, when the king could read fairly well, he was not only willing but anxious for the common people to be taught. They, too, made rapid progress and left their savage sports for the new accomplishment. .

The work of translation was pushed as rapidly as possible to .

provide reading matter, and schoolbooks, tracts and portions of the Bible were soon ready. They were printed on a little press sent out from Boston, which later on, after the arrival of a larger press, was sent to the missionaries in Oregon. It was the first printing presS set up west of the Rocky Mountains and is still preserved in a museum in Oregon.

The most famous of the converts was the high chieftess, Kapiolani, ruler of a large district in southern Hawaii. Though idolatry had been overthrown, many of the people were still under the spell of Pali, the goddess of fire who was supposed to dwell in the famous crater of Kiluaea. The fear of the goddess was such a hindrance to the Gospel that in December, 1824, Kapiolani resolved to go to the crater and break her power. Her people tried to deter her, but failing in this, a large company of them went with her.

Arriving at the crater she led the way down the steep, rocky pathway, across the hot lava beds to Pali's stronghold-a great lake of molten lava known as Halemaumau, the "House of Ever- lasting Burnings." Travelers all describe it as a terrifying place,

1920j A CENTENNIAL AND A JUBILEE IN HAWAll

SAVED BY CHRISTIANITY FROM INFANTICIDE OR WORSE IN l{AWAII Little Hawaiian children in a Mission School yet Kapiolani fearlessly stood on the brink and hurled stones into it to challenge the goddess. Then she 'turned to her people and told them that Jehovah was her God and they must not be afraid Df Pali. After this a hymn was sung and the whole company knelt while prayer was offered.

This brave and heroic deed won for Kapiolani a tribute from Thomas Carlyle, who tells the story in his "Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell." It takes rank with that of Elijah defying the priests of Baal on Mount Carmel and Boniface in Germany cutting down the sacred oak of Thor. .

In 1823 · a second company of missionaries arrived from Boston to reinforce the pioneers, and these were followed at intervals by other companies until there was a goodly force in the islands. Though there were, of course, many hindrances to the work, the blessil1g of God was upon it and it grew with great rapidity.. At the end of six years there were 25,000 pupils under instruction and the islands were dotted over with churches and school houses.

In 1837 a revival broke out which was one of the most remarkable in the history of missions. It came in answer to the prayers of the missionaries for an outpouring of the Holy Spirit and was a truly wonderful'time. Little children were found on

BOYS OF A lI1IS SION SCHOOL IN HONOLULU their knees praying in hanana and sugar cane groves and the churches, though very large, could not accommodate the crowds that came thronging to them.

The Wprd of God .wa s full of power and there wer e many conversions. During the .five years ending June, 1841, over 7,000 new members were received at Hilo alone, and the church there under Titus Coan became the largest in the world. The revival continued in full force for six years and was felt in all parts of the islands. The great majority of the converts stood the test of time. It is said that those who went to California during the gold fever took their religion with them and were "noted among the toughs of all nations as men who would not drink or gamble or profane the Lord's Day. 'I As Christianity progressed, a strong missionary spirit took possession of the people. They felt that they ought to do for others what American Christians had done for them. The missionaries fostered this spirit and in 1850, thirty years after the Thaddeus brought the pioneers, the Hawaiian Foreign Missionary Society was formed in Honolulu. The Micronesian Islands were selected as a suitable field, and in 1852 the first company of missionaries was !;lent out. It was to assist in this work that the first M ornin,q Star was built with money contr ibuted by the children in 1856, and was sent out from Boston.

The most famous of the native missionaries was the Rev. James Kekela who worked for a time in the Marquesas Islands

A CENTENNIAL AND A JUBILEE IN HAWAII ·51S

where there were the 'Worst cannibals in the Pacific. While ther.e he won great renown by saving Lieutenant Whalon, a United States naval officer, from being killed and eaten. It was done at the risk of his own life, and when President Lincoln heard the story he sent him a gold watch and other gifts to the value of $500, together with a letter thanking him for rescuing a United States citizen. Kekela was very proud of this watch and wore it as long as he lived. It is now in the possession of his daughter Susan.

In 1863 the American Board began to feel that its work was done and decided to withdraw gradually from the islands. To this end native pastors were placed over the churches and no new missionaries were sent out, although those already on the field were retained to keep charge of the work until the new order of things was fully established.

Finally, on June 15, 1870, at a great jubilee celebration of the mission held in Kawaiahoe Church, Honolulu, the Board publicly announced its withdrawal. It was a great occasion, attended by more than '3,000 people, including the king and queen, the cabinet and representatives of many foreign nations. Congratulatory addresses were made and Hawaii was formally proclaimed a Christian nation.

THE HAWAIIAN MISSION BUlI,DING IN HONOLULU The headquarters of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association and the memorial to early missionary work

Fifty years work and a little more than a million dollars in money (during the same period about four million came back to this country in trade) sufficed to transform a race of ignorant, degraded savages into an intelligent Christian nation. Such is the power of the Gospel.

As the transformation was wrought largely by American missionaries and the islands have now become a part of the United States, every American should be familiar with the story.

••• THE HAWArrAN ISLANDS TODAY The Hawaiian Islands now contain a population of about 250,000 people. This is an increase of 70,000 or 40% over ten years ago.

The situation has changed considerably since the American Board withdrew its missionaries fifty years ago. The incoming of Asiatics has introduced a large heathen element into the population and has made it once more a mission field. The present population includes 107,000 Japanese; 5,000 Koreans; 22,000 Chinese; 25,000 Filipinos; 35,000 Hawaiians and mixed; 35,000 Europeans and North Americans and 20,000 Latin-Americans and Portuguese. It is a Pacific melting pot, but the non-Christians have brought their own religions and have erected their own heathen temples. The Japanese immigration is now restricted but the natural increase by birth is about 5,000 a year. Buddhism is aggressive and there are 78 Buddhist and Shinto temples in the islands.

The Hawaiian Evangelical Association was formed in Honolulu in 1863 and since 1904 has been aided by the American Missionary Association (Congregational). Aggressive and successful Christian werk is being carried on but it needs to be greatly strengthened anet ~xtended.

In a later number of the REVIEW we plan to have an illustrated article on "Present Conditions in the Hawaiian Islands," by Dr.

George L. Cady, who has recently returned from a tour of investiga- tion in the "Cross Roads of the Pacific" where so many nation~ alities meet and produce many problems; D. L. P.

The Jews In The Holy

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F. R. G. S., TORONTO, CANADA Superintendent of the Christian Synagogue, Toronto The whole condition of life in Palestine has changed as a result of the war. Not only the deliverance of Jerusalem by General Allenby, the Balfourian Declaration of November, 1917, and the signing of the Armistice have been factors in this change, but since the Arm- istice there have been many new factors in the situation. Many friends of Israel who visited the Holy Land before and after the signing of the Armistice came away with wrong impressions as to the power of the Jews and the attitude of the military and civil offi- cials. Many have been alarmed about the future missionary work in Palestine. In reality, there is no cause for alarm, for the transition has brought great and material change in the attitude of Jews, Christians, Moslems and of military officials. This present favorable ~tate of affairs may of course undergo a change if Christians remain inactive..

Practically all the government officials appeared very cordi'al and ready to aid missionary work. The earnest, considerate missionary could always get aid and encouragement from these officials.

The change in the attitude of the Jews is so remarkable that it cannot be adequately described. Their whole life seems to have undergone a radical change. There is now apparently no bitterness, no arrogance, toward Christians; on the contrary, a spirit of inquiry prevails. The discord and schism between the Orthodox, Reformed and Radical Je'Ws, the Zionists and anti-Zionists, give the mission- aryan unprecedented opportunity. Their national aspirations make them readers of the Bible, including the New Testament. They say, ."We must study our history and the life of our nation from all angles. The Word of God is Life and Jesus is the Light of men. "

This favorable attitude of the Jews today toward the claims of our Lord Jesus and toward the missionaries is the same that the Rev. J. I. I~andsman and Mr. P. Levertoff of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel found in Russia after the first revolution. The spirit of liberty and tolerance swayed the Russian Jewry then, but the Christian missions to Israel could not meet the situation, and the Christian Church did not take advantage of that un~rooedented op- • My statements and conclusiens are based on (1) Personal knowledge 01. the country, peoples and Janguages~ having ~en born in JerusalC'!Jl. studied ~and lived there .till ~y. conversion; ~peak.ing Arabic Hebrew, Yiddish, and Judeo.Spamsh. (2) Personal contact With miSSions and m1SSIonarles, (Hebr;w Christians and Gentile Christians) and Christian friends, in Egypt, Palestine and Syria. Since my conversion, twenty~two years ago, I have made four :I?1issionary t01;1rs in Pa~e.stinef my l!lSF visit being during June, July and AUfiUst, 1919. (3) Pe~sonal. IntercOUrse With the m~h.tary and Civil officials in Egypt, Palestine, and Syn,a. (4) C~)fl~Ht wlt.h different classes, commumtIes, sects and enTironments of tho Jewish people durmg my mIssIonary Journeys.

517

portunity. Now the same spirit sways Palestine. Will these un~ precedented opportunities in the Holy Land be allowed to pass as those have passed in Russia? .

A Hebrew Ohristian testimony to Israel, free from all sectarian- ism, is needed in the Holy Land. God has used the saintly life of gentile Ohristians to the salvation of many a son and daughter of Abraham, but it has been acknowledged by foreign missionary lead- ers that whatever the position of the Ohristian Europ€an missionary may be in the foreign field, it is the native that must be used to win the native-the Ohinese Ohristian to reach Ohina; the Japanese to reach Japan and the Indian to reach India. This is more true with regard to Israel. While actual conversion is the work of the Holy Spirit, prejudice must be overcome. With the Jew there is the feel- ing of superiority, the belief that he has the true God and all others are idolaters'. Oenturies of prejudice and accumulated bitterness because of ,persecutions from so-called Ohristians have made the Jews mistrust the Gentiles and attribute all kinds of wrong motives to them.

Some Gentile Ohristians have thought that they are more ac- ceptable to the Jew than is the Hebrew Ohristian, because the Jew!!

do not exhibit to them the open bitterness which they show on the first approach of the Hebrew Ohristian. This is a fallacy. Those who have labored amongst Israel know that the Jew does not love the Gentile missionary any better than he loves the Hebrew Ohristian, but considers the Gentile harmless. He knows, however, what is the zeal and value of a consecrated Hebrew Ohristian. .

It has been recognized that those appointed to the foreign mis- sion fields must be the best qualified and most consecrated men and women available; the learning of the native language and literature is obligatory. This has not been the case with the missionary to the Jews. Gentile Ohristian missionaries usually have to rely upon sf'cond-hand information. They do not mix with the daily life of the Jews and are not acquainted with their literature, laws, traditions and customs. Many have not even reached the stage of appreciating the Jewish mind. Very few have mastered Yiddish and Hebrew, still fewer are familiar with their literature in its vernacular. There- fore they must depend upon some Hebrew Ohristiau for their infor- mation and often they rely upon a broken reed.

To meet the present unprecedented opportunity in Palestine true Hebrew Christian Testimony must be established in the Holy Land. Such a witness will serve a three-fold purpose: (1) calling on the Jew to repentance, to be reconciled with their long rejected Messiah and Saviour; (2) calling on the non-Ohristian Gentiles to give up their idolatries and to be washed in the Blood ot' the Lamb; and (3) to awaken the Ohurch of God from her passiveness. The Hebrew is called to be such a triune witness.

AMONG THE ~EWS IN THE HOLY LAND

Some missions, while under the name of Jewish missions, yet carry on their work for both Jew and Gentile. This is a matter that causes great concern. If a Society advertises work amongst Jews and Gentiles, and carries on work among both, we can say very little against it. But when a Society or an individual claims to minister to Israel and yet spends all its income and energies on the Gentiles because that is an easier field, it is not right. Naturally, it does not work well for the Jewish c a u s e . i THE STATIONS OCCUPIED 1. JERUSALEM. The most attractive and most important field on account of its inheritance, world position, variety of peoples and religions.

(1) The London Jews' Society has a church, a hospital, a boys' school, a girls' school, and a house of industry (for printing, bookbinding, and olive-wood work) and an inquirers' home. This is the best equipped mission in Palestine. During the war everything was closed, but when I was there the church services, free dispensary, and olive-wood work were reopened.

(2) The Christian and Missionary Alliance has a mission to the natives, yet all its missionaries seek to reach the Jews. Before the war, they had a Reading Room on the .Jaffa Road for the Jews, in charge of a Hebrew Christian. The Rev. Arthur Payne is rendering exceptionally good and efficient service.

(3) Dr. and Mrs. Wilkinson have settled there and I suppose have established definite work.

(4) The Egypt General Mission, under Miss Annie Van Somer, has opened a book-store in charge of a Hebrew Christian.

(5) The Bible Society has a fine Book Depot on the Jaffa Road. (6) The Bishop of Jerusalem has decided to employ a missionary to the Jews in connection with St. George's Collegiate Cathedral. (7) A number of individual consecrated Christian workers have the cause of Israel at heart. Among these are Miss Brown, who brought with her two assistants, Miss Stone and Miss Cooper; Miss Dunn ha's also returned and there are others, who are not missionaries in the ordinary sense, yet are doing good work for the Master. Wlith all these, the situation is not fully met. Jerusalem is a homogeneous mixture of people and there is ever prevailing religious strife amongst the Christian, Latin, Armenian, Coptic and Abyssinian Churches. The varieties of an idolatrous Christianity and the many varied phases of evangelical Christi~ty are misun- .r derstood and misapprehended by the ews and Moslems. To meet the immediate needs, two hundred per cent of missionary efforts are required at once for Jerusalem.

2. HEBRON-The Jewish community is not very large here, but it is one of the ancient solidly orthodox Jewish communities. OV-'!l'r

to the Turkish misrule and Nfohammedan fanaticism, the community ~as not fared so well, but now, a new life is in process, as the city is very sacred to the Jewish heart and mind, and therefore one of the important fields. The United Free Church of Scotland has a well- oquipped hospital there under the care of Dr. Patterson. A new one is being built. This work, though under the Jewish CJommittee, is carried on for both Mohammedans and J ewe.

3. JAFFA-Here is one of the most important ports for Palestine.

(1) A junction for many of the Jewish Colonies, and besides, the modern model city of the Zionists, Tell-.,A.vive, has been built here with great success. In the center stands the modern Jewish Semin- ary, High School and Teachers' Training College, exerting great influence over the younger Jewry in Palestine. (2) The London Jews' Society Mission is in the care of a Hebrew Christian, Mr. D.

Gold. (3) The United Free and Established Churches of Scotland have jointly taken over a work for both Jews and Gentiles. .

4. TIBERIAs-In this ancient city, stronghold for Jewish ortho- doxy, the United Free Church of Scotland has a well-equipped hos- pital and mission under the care of that venerated missionary, Dr.

'rorrance, and a well-equipped staff of nurses.

5. SAFED-" The city on a hill," has two well-equipped missions, schools, and a hospital under the London Jews' Society and the United Free Church of Scotland.

6. DAMASCUS AND BEIRUT-Though these two cities are outside of Palestine proper, yet they are in Syria and they ought to be taken into account when considering Palestine missions. In Damascus.there are two missions; (1) Irish Presbyterian Church under the care of Dr.

MacFarland, two lady missiOFlaries and a staff of nrutive teachers who are doing splendid work. This, too, is a united work for Gentiles and Jews. (2) The work of the London Jews' Society is under the charge of the able and venerable missionary, Rev. Cannon Hanover.

At Beirut, the Established Church has a mission. From Damascus and Beirut itinerant missionaries ought to be sent out to distribute literature and witness to the Jews all around Lebanoh.

In giving the unoccupied fields, naturally we will have to leave out a number of the small cities, and be obliged to take in two or three cities that do not come within the borders of Palestine, but yet are very vital to the carrying on of aggressive evangelistic work in the Holy Land.

1. HAIFA-Mr. D. C. Joseph returned to his old sphere of labors early last June. He owns a magnificent property and has been preaching the Gospel in Palestine for over thirty years, but feels that he cannot possibly continue alone to bear the strain of this important field. .

Haifa we could call a strategic point. It is a very important ,j1'l:nction and it is going to be a strategic center for the whole of

AMONG THE JEWS IN THE HOLY LAND

Palestine, especially for aggressive missionary propaganda. It is already a great railway center as the Beirut and Damascus Railway, in the Hadjas, the Kantara and Jerusalem Railway, all have their term- inal there. Haifa has a natural harbor which makes landing safe winter. If Beirut is to become a French port, then Damascus, Arabia and Galilee will undoubtedly make Haifa its port and it may even become the port for Mesopotamia; It is the market place and center for many of the Jewish Colonies. It is already a central place for Zionist activities. The TechJnicum, that wonderful Jewish technical college, is already built. Haifa, therefore, should be considered a very important missionary center, for which the magnificent property of Mr. D. C. Joseph would form a nucleus. .

2. ACRE-Or (Akka) is another important center, but its Jewish community is small, and as it is only a short distance from Haifa, the missionaries could easily visit it.

3. NABLOUS (or Shechem), one of the ancient cities, is a strong Mohammedan center. The Jewish Community is small but it may increase and in the meantime, missionaries should visit it from other centers.

4. JEWISH COLONIES-The forty-two Jewish Colonies have no Christian missions. These make a very fertile field, and while we cannot expect that Jewish Colonies managed by their own 'municipal Boards, would allow a Christian missionary to build a mission there, the missionary is welcome. In distributing literature and in conversation with Jews, I found it a very favorable field. This work is far too large for one or even for two missionaries. A regular staff ought to be engaged whose business would be to visit these places and carry on an aggressive rmissionary work. With the exception of a few missionaries who have occasionally visited these Colonies, they form an entirely" unoooupied field," but a very attractive one. There are a number of other little cities where Jews ljve which ought to be visited by a Hebrew Christian witness.

5. EGYPT-Egypt has two Jewish mission stations, Alexandria, occupied by the Church of Scotland, and Cairo, by the London Jews' Society. Port Said, though oatside of Palestine, is a very important field, and should be taken into serious consideration, as it is the "Gateway" to Palestine as well as to Africa, Australia and India. There is no Hebrew Christian witness there but a city of such strategic importance should not be left without a witness to the Jews.

If a Bible School means the establishment of a missionary training school for Jewish missionariees, then Jerusalem is the plMle and I believe that the different missionaries, Jews and Gentiles, would welcome such an institution. A school of such character must be strong and well equipped. At present the existing colleges and Bible schools are absolutely inadequate to prepare a missionary for work

among the Jews. If Jerusalem is not found practicable then Haifa. is the next best place.

Industrial missions have proved their helpfulness to Jewish work. Naturally the orthodox as well as the reformed, radical and the Zionist Jews will not look kindly on a converted Jew, and will not be apt to keep him in employment. Palestine, above all countries, demands something of such It nature that will prepare converts for self-support. Haifa would be a most suitable place because it is a central place, a junction and a port; a large center for immigration. Three kinds of work could be established and would make the mission self-supporting-(l) A soap factory (Olive-oil and refuse gives a splendid opportunity). (2) Printing and book-binding particularly are needed at the present time. (3) An olive-wood factory would pay for itself.

This is a hasty view of Palestine in its relation to missions to the Jews. Large organized missions, hospitals and industries are not essential though they may be very helpful. What is needed is an undaunted Hebrew Ohristian witness with a clear message, the primary object being to bear testimony to all kinds and classes of people, and to make the Jewish Oolonies the chief aim and object of its testimony. The workers should always go by twos if possible. The second thing which is Qn my heart is the establishment of a definite Bible School to train men and women for this peculiar vocation of missionaries to the Jews. Such witnesses will bear a "triune testimony"-to the Jew, to the Gentile, and to the Church of God.

IF I HAD EATEN MY MORSEL ALONE "If I have eaten my morsel alone !" And ever of them that have largest The patriarch spoke in scorn, dower What would he think of the Church Shall heaven require the more; Were he $hown heathendom, huge, Ouri is knowledge, affiuence, power, forlorn ; Ocean from shore to shore. Godless and Christless, with soul un- While East and West in our ears have fed, said, While the Church's ailment is fullnes~ "Give us, oh, give us your Living of bread, Bread !" Eating her morsel alone. And we eat our morsel alone!

I am debtor alike to the Jew and the "Freely as ye have received, so give," Greek, Bade He who hath given us all.

The mighty apostle cried, How can the soul in us longer live Traversing continents souls to seek, Deaf to their starving call?

For the love of the Crucified. For whom the blood of the Lord was Nineteen centuries since have sped; shed, Millions are perishing; we have bread, And we eat our morsel alone. And His Body broken to give them bread, If we eat our morsel alone. -Selected.

WAITING AT THE MISSIONARY CLINIC. UNITED

MISSION. DOLEIB HILL. EGYPTIAN SUDAN.

Witch Doctors and Missionaries in the Sudan REV. D. S. OYLER, KHARTUM, EGYPTIAN SUDAN Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church T HE Sudan, with its many tribes and different languages, of. fers a challenge and presents many opportunities to the medi. cal missionary. For generations the witch doctors of the Sudan have treated the diseases of the people. The fear of evil spirits leads them to look upon the medicine men as able to cure by their enchantments; these practitioners of occult powers are feared -accordingly. Some have secret doubts as to the skill of the witch doctors but back of the skepticism always lurks the fear that pos!;,!ibly they have powers at their command and they are reluctant to incur their wrath.

The medicine man relies on charms and signs for the healing of diseases, rather than on the use of herbs. A small child lodged a bit of grass in its throat and the distressed parents made haste to consult the medicine men. Several were visited, and each demanded a sheep as a fee, and after receiving it passed his hands over the head of the little sufferer and uttered some incantations.

523

He then declared the case cured.. Later the child was brought to the misSion and the parents were surprised at the ease with which the gras's was removed.

The cure for sn,ake bite is another example. The afilicted man is placed on the ground, and the witch doctor sits down beside him, takes a bowl of water, and breaks bits of bark into it. He beats the water till a foam appears and pours the froth on the ground, telling the patient that it is the poison leaving him and entering the ground. When the patient recovers, as is sometimes the case from a not very poisonous bite, the medicine man claims all the credit. But should the patient die the doctor says that the man did not have faith, and for that reason his power was made of no avail.

The Shullas of the Sudan recognize two classes of medicine men, the good, and the evil. The good are willing to practice their powers for pay, but the evil always use their charms for destruc- tive purposes. • Allied to the good witch doctors are men in whom are said to be the spirits of ancient kings. When they speak as the represen- tative of the king they have the power of prophecy, and are thought able to heal certain forms of diseases, especially of children.

The medicine men are specialists. Each practitioner can treat only one form of disease or injury, or can give protection against only one kind of impending danger, through the inter- vention of spirits. Thus the powers of darkness hold the people in bondage to the mel'iicine men. The fame and power of the witch doctor increase with every successful treatment, but his failures are excused.

The spread of disease is facilitated by failure to isolate cases and by the fact that they have no real cures for disease. Con- tagious diseases are fortunately rather rare, but when they invade the, country their spread is rapid. Infectious diseases are more common, and extend very rapidly, owing to the manner in which the people eat from a common dish. The men of a section of a vil- lage take their meals together, the boys eat together, as do the wom- en and girlff. Many are thus infected while taking food.

The Shullas know only their immediate neighbors so that they are satisfied with existing conditions. They are anxious to know the future, and their desire for comnnmion with Infinite is used by the medicine men to hold them in bondage to witchcraft. Slave raiders and unscrupulous traders have often been the first intro- duction of the Nilotic tribes to civilization, but in spite of the suffer- ing inflicted on them by foreigners they are still well disposed toward outsiders.

When the missionaries first entered the Egyptian Sudan the .

natives expected that they would try to exploit them, as the mer-

WITCH DOCTORS AND MISSIONARIES IN THE SUDAN

chant and slave raider had done. They were curious but also to some eXtent indifferent, and as they became acquainted with the missionaries in many cases the acquaintance ripened into friendship. Thus their attitude toward the mission is changing. They no longer expect to be cheated or deceived by the missionaries.

At first they looked upon the mission doctor as similar to their witch doctors, but the results obtained by the use of medicine soon changed this attitude. Each failure to cure a disease raises a doubt in their minds, while every successful treatmemt means that many others will come. When once the people are convinced that· 'the doctor is able to help them they are naturally anxious to procure his services.

The work among the Shullas was opened first, and it was not unusual to have Dinka and Nuer patients travel more than a hundred miles for treatment. Many walked for days in the tropical heat hoping that their diseases might be cured. Others were brought down the river in little native canoes by their friends. The sacrifice they made during the journey was an evidence of their faith in the physiciall The pioneer doctor among the Nuers spent some years in the Shulla country, and was known to many Nuers, before he had entered their country. ]'rom the first he had all the work he could do and when he went home on furlough the government 'officials said that all through the Nuer country the people were asking when Dr. Lambie would return.

The natives being accustomed to having their diseases treated by magic expect the supernatural to have a very prominent place in the treatment of their maladies. The mere taking of medicine seems very commonplace to the native mind. Thus they are ready to have prayer offered in connection with the treatment, and rightfully explffined it becomes a powerful means of advancing the Gospel.

In the evangelization of the Sudan a strong conflict will be waged between the Christian physician, and the medicine man. The advancement of medical science means the downfall of the superstition which now holds the people in bondage. The witch doctor, who has made a good living from the practice of .his occult powers will not readily yield the supremacy to the modern physician, but will endeavor to maintain his power.

In time science will vanquish superstition, and as the people come to the light they will seek the physician, rather than the witch doctor, and at that time they will also seek the great Physi. cian of Souls.

·A Fortieth

The Birtkday of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church a BY ELLEN COUGHLIN KEELER, PHILADELPHIA, PA. N JUNE 6, 1920, the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church will celebrate its fortieth birthday. The anniversary gift, which is to be a crowning effort of forty years work, stands statistically as 40,000 new' members, 40,000 new subscriptions' to the organ of the Society, "Woman's Home Missions" and $40,000. In reality, this combined force of personality, propaganda and money will be used to provide for deaconesses and missionaries when they have become "sunset members"; and to enlarge two of the national training schools of the Society, the McCrum National Training School for Slavonic Young 'Women at Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and the San Francisco National Training School.

Committees of survey were appointed to visit the institutions of the Society, to make investigatioI).s and to reaommend improvements in equipment and educational facilities. As a result of these surveys. the following reconstruction measures are being carried out: A new Church and Mission House for the Indians at Yuma, Arizona. Extensive changes at the New Jersey Conference Home, Morristown, Tennessee. A new domestic science room at Rebecca McClesky Home, Boaz, Alabama. Equipment for a domestic science room and living rooms at Haen Home, Savannah, Georgia. The Home at Asheville, North Carolina, placed at -the disposal of the younger girls from Allen Industrial Home. New Equipment at Browning Home, Camden, South Carolina. The establishment of a Seminary and training school for Negro girls and women in the state of Virginia. The building of a Negro Orphanage. A new building for Brewster Hospital at Jacksonville, Florida. Additional buildings for the children's homes,-Mothers' Jewels Home, York, Nebraska and Peck Orphanage, Polo, Illinois. The rebuilding of the Hilah Seward Home at Sinuk, Alaska, destroyed by fire August 29, 1919.

The history of the Women's Home Missionary Society reveals remarkable growth. Forty years of courageous effort to relieve misery and create wholesome home-life among the destitute and friendless of the land has made the Society a highly specialized agency of Americanization. Paths of progress have led from its Industrial Homes, project schools graded through Kindergarten, primary, grammar and normal courses-in states where public education was retarded or nil; from mission Hospitals, Deaconess Homes, Misssionary Training Schools, Community Centers and SZ6 Religious Social Settlements. The Society has for forty years administered to all races of people under the Stars and Stripes.

It has taught their boys and girls how to read and write, and work and worship God. It has taught the Negro girl to cook, sew, make geds, sweep and set a house in order; the Negro boys to plant and plow and rebuild his cabin. It has shown the Indian how to irrigate the land and has coaxed him from a wigwam to a cottage.

It has brought bright-eyed Spanish-American girls from adobe huts to its spacious boarding schools. .

For a time, before public sentiment had made an organization such as the Woman's Home Missionary Society possible, some sympathetic people had made an attempt to relieve the misery and helplessness of the Freedman of the South. They sent missionaries to the most needy localities, paying the salaries from private purses.

The formal organization of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church took place at Cincinnati, Ohio, on June 6, 1880. The Society received its first contribution in September and in October sent out its first missionary to work among the freedmen of the South. The Negro boys were being cared for by the Freedman's .Aid Society but when they had finished their studies, they returned to their wretched homes and were in danger of lapsing into the old ways of living. This condition in the home could be alleviated only by the education of the girls in home-making. As a result Industrial Schools and Homes have been established in many centers in the South.

When the Woman's Home Missionary Society turned its face toward Utah to wipe out polygamy and to reconstruct the thinking, the homes and practices of Mormons, it had not chosen a "royal road to service." No harder and no more ambitious task was ever attempted by consecrated women. In the South were many people in need of homes, in Utah each man was busy setting up more than one hearthstone for himself. The more women he could win the better he felt himself to be. The order of work in the South was missionary, industrial, educational. The plan had to be reversed in Utah. It became educational, missionary, industrial.

In the South the Society worked supplementary to the Church.

But success in Utah depended upon standing staunch on the firing line of a great frontier. Furthermore, all the laws in the universe would not open the doors of Mormon homes to the Church, nor could legislation make "Christian Americans out of Mormon de- votees." To the woman with needle and thimble and a propensity for finding out things through a neighborly chat, with the ability to teach a lesson on all occasions, was the call given to reach the polygamous wife and mother who guarded her religion and her children with strict surveillance. The Society planned with an eye to a future public school system. Little Lucy Webb school

houses were planted. These answered for educational purposes and later for missionary work. Mter ten years of rapid changes in Utah, the Society determined to carry forward its w:ork from a tlifferent angle. At present the work centers around the Missionary Deaooness Home, Davis Hall, Salt Lake City; and Ogden Esther Home and Sterling Hall, at Ogden-a Christian boarding home for self-respecting working girls, and Deaconess work at Bingham Canyon.

There was a question in the minds of many as to the success of the Industrial Home among white girls of the South, because it was feared that girls from a land where work was relegated to the Negro, would not take to housework willingly. It was decided, however, to build Ritter Home at Athens, Tennessee, and by patient cultivation to win the southern white girl to the training she so much needed. The Society has now six successful Industrial Homes of this kind in the South.

Educational conditions in Mississippi convinced the leaders that it was imperative that the Society should take the lead in developing the educational system in that part of Mississippi where Bennett Home and Mather Academy were located. The faculty was chosen from normal and college graduates, and the teaching has been up to date in primary, intermediate and academic departments. The Settlement work at Cedartown, Georgia, is the result of work done by McClesky and Rust Home girls. It is an outstanding example of the modern city work done by the Society, the girls being trained in its own schools.

City mission work in New Orleans in the French and Italian quarters developed until 1899 when the Bureau of Local" City Work was dissolved into that of the Deaconess Bureau. The Deaconess work began officially in Oetober, 1888. Deaconess Homes were established wherever there was an opening. Almost at once these Homes became not only centers from which workers went out with help and relief to the surrounding community. They also became lodestones to which unfortunate and sick came for help. Departments of relief were organized, and dispensaries fitted up, so that the Deaconess homes are homes with Orphanages, hospitals, dispensaries, day-nurseries, employment bureaus, farms, fresh air camps, cafeterias, social settlements or industrial work.

The outstanding Hospital and Training School is the Lucy Webb Hayes National Training School and Sibley Hospital at Washington, D. C. Following closely upon its reputation for excellent training and splendid hospital service are the National Training Schools in thirteen other cities i.n different parts of. the country.

There were moving hearth-stories for the women to find among the Indians. There, in cooperation with the government, the

A FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY S29

mISSIOnaries taught the Indian wo.men to. weave the famous Navajo. blankets and o.ther trades that the Red Man might establish himself as a member o.f the eco.no.mic Wo.rld. The So.ciety built churches fo.r the Christian Indian and pro.vided an Esther Ho.me fo.r Indian Girls at Haskell Institute.

In the Spanish-Mexican field the missio.naries fo.und that the usual metho.ds of o.pening wo.rk applied in o.ther fieldls were of little avail. Peo.ple did not care fo.r kindergartens; they did· not approve of day schools and resented any stimulus to active labor. It was fifteen years befo.re the peo.ple accepted educatio.n as a necessary training for their youth. To.day there are three industrial homes and one religio.us settlement. The girls who. pass thro.ugh these industrial homes co.me from a unique enviro.nment, with the advantage of many strains of blood, lacking only the opPo.rtunity to. make the most of themselves except as given to them by Christian women.

Porto Rico, Hawaii and Alaska have been fields of most striking endeavor and success. The George O. Robinson Orphanage at San Juan and the Susanah Wesley Home at Honolulu are monuments of Christian love for American girls of foreign blood. In the frozen Northland stand Industrial H@mes, hospitals, schools and a Community Building built by the Wo.man 's Home Missionary Society. Every bit of sto.ne, wood, eqnipment and supplies have been sent from the United States to. Alaskan territory.

No resume of the work of the Wo.man's Home Missionary Society is complete without reference to the heroism of its missionaries. During forty years they have cleaned up bad spots in America as thoroughly as the marines wiped out machine gun nests in France. They have been as tender and skilful as the Red Cross nurses. They have been the faithful army on the firing line where it was hard and dangerous and where privations, need, and sufferings were a necessary part of the work. Many times their appointments were far out on the prairies where the ~ed Indian roamed, still battling against the civilization that claimed him. They were sent to the far Northland where separation from home and loved ones was as complete as anywhere on the globe.

Far to the South, the hot dry winds of the desert towns sapped the strength of the missionaries as they struggled for a hearing in the Mexican quarters of refugees from over the border. In city streets, foreign as any street in Canton, they walked with courage derived from prayer and faith in God. With surpassing patience they wrestled with the perplexities of foreign-speakiRg strangers. In crowded slums they have ministered to the sick and dying. There is almost no part of our land where the workers of the Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church are not known!

the Women of

BY MRS. w. C. JOHNSTON OF ELAT, WEST AFRICA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U, S, A.

,SOMETIMES hesitate to tell of results in Bulu land lest the I average audience receive the impression that mo~t of the women have been helped. To say that one missionary baptized 1709 adults in eleven months, that he has 19 communion points, or that he organized seven churches in three months might leave the im- pression that the whole lump had been leavened.

Only last July an elder called on the missionary to go out fi1"e miles, from' the station to the town of Evina. The chief who is said to have had 178 wives, was ill and fourteen of these wives were confined in a pen for being the cause of the old chief's illness. There was also a witch doctor there with a string on which there was a hook which the women were to swallow. If innocent the hook could be withdrawn without any trouble.

The "poison. cup" is not used in our part of Africa, nor are twins killed as in Nigeria; but there are child wives and in many places a girl of ten lmmarried is considered an "old maid." Wom- en are still bought and sold, are put in pawn for gambling debts, are used as beasts of burden on the road, or are loane'd to their hus- band's friends.

The Bulu say Bote be ne mevale meva (People are of many kinds). That includes missionaries as well as people in other walks of life. Efficient workers are needed for the elevation of the womanhood of Africa.

Again to quote the Bulu, efficiency is MevaZ meva (of mallY kinds). Mrs. is a very efficient woman along many lines.

She took high honors in her class at a large co-educational insti- tution. She is just the woman to do translating work. If a co- worker is ill she is a good nurse. The missionaries' enjoy being entertained at her home for she is a good housekeeper and sets one of the best tables in the Mission. She can teach either vocal or instrumental music. If a mother and child have to leave un- expectedly. for home Mrs.— can make them an outfit.

But if you ask an Mrican woman her opinion of Mrs.—- she will tell you that she is one aiz (hard, cold, distant). She does not like to shake hands with a native because of the dirt and for the same reason does not like to have them in her home, or to go into theirs. While she is a bright conversationalist, she yet asks- "What would I talk to them aboutT" An African woman cannot be brought out of her low spiritual and social condition at the end 530 of a ten foot pole. The missionary must stretch out her bare hands and even arms when the hour of need comes. An efficient missionary for the work of elevating he~' black sister, is one whose life is so full of the spirit of the Master that it will overflow and touch the lives and hearts of the women all around her. Her life must be a prayer-filled life or else she will not have the grace to stand the dreadful, disgusting, every-day occurrences that are magnified many times by the missionaries'

physical condition due to the enervation of the climate and the necessary doses of quinine. , A missionary must have common sense and place herself in such relationship to the native women that she will understand their way of thinking. Read Mary Slessor's life or Jean Macken- zie's "Black Sheep" and you will see how a woman that "thinks black" reaches the heart of the African woman.

Oh, the mistakes of the new workers! It was our privilege to bu~ld in Bulu land the first church paid for entirely by native con- tributions. We were so busy telling the natives about what God wanted, that we had not stopped to find out what they were thinking about, until we were brought up short by discovering that some of them were thinking that by buying a little corner of the church they were also buying a seat in heaven.

Friends sent out Bible pictures, and what was more natural to one "thinking white" than to decide that the pictures should be given out to the women of the S. S. Class for good attendance.

Result T Some of the women thought they were receiving tickets of admission to heaven, and that when they died all they had to do was to show one of these cards to God.

On one itinerating trip I was trying to tell the women that heaven would be a place of rest. Mr. Johnston, coming into the palaver house after I had left, heard the women telling the men that heaven was the place where women rested and the men did the work. These mistakes were made by not "thinking black."

The woman missionary is taking the African women into a new world where, until they can grasp the higher things, the white woman must be the prop. She cannot expect the black woman to glide from the ground, as does the .aeroplane, but her progress must rather be like the snail which by the aid of a twig or a tree trunk leaves the ground at its slow pace, and the height to which it will attain will depend on whether it has chosen the twig or the tree. The African woman at her snail's pace is capable of reach- ing a great height from the place where she started, if the mission- ary who is her guide and friend is a tree trunk and not merely a twig. , House-to-honse visitation is the bftlt mode of contact with the Mrican woman. Two or three women will gather in one of the

little huts and while satisfying their curiosity, a missionary has a good opportunity to teach them about God. A missionary husband and wife live happily together because they obey God's commands and God is the head of the home. The missionary's children are better because they are taught to obey their parents because it is God's command. We white people keep our bodies clean because they are the temples of the living God. We do not give our little girls in marriage, for God has given them to us as a sacred trust to train for Him. If trained to fear God and obey their parents in the Lord, then, when they are old enough they choose their own husbands and make contented homes.

The African mothers are also reached through the little ones. They love their children as much as we love ours, but through their dreadful ignoran(le only a small percentage of their children live .past babyhood. The BuIu knows nothing of the artificial feeding of babies, and as a consequence if a mother cannot nourish her child it dies. Missionaries have now introduced artificial feeding and thus have saved the lives of many little ones. The mother may be reached through a sick baby that she supposed was be- Witched, but 'Was really suffering from the effects of the sun on the shaven head and bare spine. The mother is taught that a banana leaf used as an umbrella may save the little one's life.

At the funeral of one of these little ones, death may be made less hideous by a few flowers and a little dress of clean cloth around the body. The body of a firstborn man child may be taken firmly but gently out of the arms of the grandmother rolling on the ground, and placed in a crude box for a casket, and thus sympathy is shown.

When the native· women can be kept from some of the hard work, making the garden, bringing wood and water, cooking the food, tending the children and carrying the husband's load OB the path, then she should learn to read before she is taken into the Church. But under present conditions it is asking too much of the busy Mrican woman. If the husband is a Christian he should teach his wife to read before he is admitted to the Church. It is very essential that girls. should be in school. Where they do not have Christian parents it should be a boarding school where the girls can have the great spiritual and moral truths instilled into them. While the girl is in school the missionary should Rot see how much book knowledge the girl can be taught, but rather that she be taught to read God 's Word, and is trained for her wifehood and motherhood. A nation can rise no higher than the motherhood of the land, so that there is a grave responsibility on the women missionaries to train the women spiritually. Civilization will then follow just as surely as day follows night, and it will be a civilization that will endure.

the Persian Border of Afghanistan '

Missionary Experiences in Meshed Eastern Persia BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, MESHED, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"Peace be unto you, sir." "Grace and peace be unto you, uncle." "God willing, your honor's health is good T" "Praise be to God, I am alive and able to serve my distinguished friend.' I "Your kindness is great, may God lengthen your life. But pardon me, what books are these 1" "This is 'The Law of Moses,' this, 'The Psalms of David,' and these four are 'The Gospels of Jesus.' " "Was His Highness, the Prophet Jesus, a doctor and are these medical books T" "My friend's understanding is good, for Jesus was indeed the great physician who ministered not only to the pain of the body but to the grief and fear of the heart." "Excellent, you have spoken wisely, for the body suffers now and then, but the heart is burdened always. Are these books in the Persian language 1" "By all means, it is for your coming that God has made them ready and it is the Persian language that you speak. Here, (opening to the ninth chapter of St. John) read this over for yourself while I see how long you will have to wait to see the doctor. May I see what number the man gave you at the door?" "Number 146." "Well, I am very sorry, but the doctor is seeing number 33 now, so there are one hundred and twelve patients ahead of you. But kindly see if you can find room to sit down and make yourself comfortable.' , "Again your kindness is great. Are you willing to sell me this little bookY" "The meaning of that book is beyond man's power to pay for, but the cost of printing it in Persian is ten cents. If you pay me ten cents you may take the book and keep it. And may God bless you as you read, so that you may see that Jesus, the great doctor, had a cure even for the burdens of the heart." And so another copy of Scripture was sold and another Mohammedan visitor sat down in the waiting room of the Meshed Hospital and began to read. It was about eleven 0 'clock in the morning. The one doctor was seeing the patients as rapidly. as he could. The minister in the waiting room had been busy since 533

seven 0 'clock. He had sold forty~five copies of Scripture and had read and explained man)' passages to groups that would sit quietly and listen. But just at this moment he took a pencil sketch of a letter out of his pocket and read it over to himself. It was a letter that he was to send back to the Christian friends in America. Here is the paragraph on which he was working: "Meshed is the only American mission station in the Eastern half of Persia, the newest station, with the largest opportunity yet developed for medical mission work. From the beginning of medical work in December, 1915, until Feb. 28, 1919, the hospital and dispensary were open for twenty-seven months and fifty-three thousand, five hundred and forty-five patients received treatment. That was an average of about two thousand patients a month. During the cholera epidemic the doctor was asked to be public health director, so the hospital had to be closed. At another time the doctor had a severe attack of typhoid fever and the work was at a standstill again. Scarcely had he recovered and taken up his duties· when the influenza not only reached East Persia, but attacked the one American doctor in East Persia, so once more the hospital had to be closed. There were other doctors in what is called the East Persia Mission, but these stations were all in the western half of Persia."

At this point our missionary friend was interrupted by a merchant from Afghanistan, who had been to see him at his home the day before.

"Well, well, my esteemed friend is prompt, for it is exactly the hour of noon. You will find the books you bought yesterday there in the corner. They are all wrapped lip and ready." And here is a little list of them: 25 Hebrew Pentateuchs. 50 Pushtu Psalms of David. 100 Persian Gospels of Jesus. 2 Arabic Bibles. 30 Persian Testaments." "You have stretched out trouble for me, sir. 'But I have one more request to make." (He called his servant who had been standing outside, and the servant brought into the room a huge tray that was filled with large white grapes.) "I want to give this present to Haji Ibrahim, who is in your hospital. Would it be too much to ask you to show me where he is f" "As grapes to the thirsty, so to me, (helping himself) is this opportunity to serve my friend. Come with me upstairs and you will :find Haji Ibrahim and five other Afghans who are all in one room. Your visit will give light to their eyes." When they got upstairs and entered the room where the Afghans were, they were greeted with a burly "Klmsh amadid, Sahib," (you have come happily, sir) from several of them who

i920] ON THE PERSIAN BORDER OF AFGHANISTAN

seemed to maintain the good nature and rugged vigor of their race, even on their sick-beds.

After a little conversation, in which the expression of gra.titude for the grapes was the principal subject, the missionary ex~ cuseCil himself this wav: •• And now, again, friends a.re about to separate. So jt IS always and everywhere. Before our friend here starts back on his long caravan journey far into Afghanistan, I want to rea~ this little prayer for travelers."

He opened his Bible and read the 121st Psalm in Persian, very slowly and reverently.

As the missionary was coming down to the first floor a servant told him that an "officer" was waiting to see him. He found that the officer was the Chief of Police.. Ordinarily the necessary exchange of courteous remarks would have taxed his versatility in the use of the Persian language, but this time, when'he saw his visitor, ~e gave a regular shout of praise to God, for he knew that a great thing had happened. The wife of the Chief of Police had been almost given up to die at the time of childbirth. Against the protests, especially of the women in his family, the miss~on doctor had been summoned and had spent a whole night at the home. The result was that the woman lived to be the mother of a healthy baby boy. The proud and happy father had come to thank the doctor, and to pay for his services. The missionary treasurer for the hospital gave him a receipt for thirty dollars. By doing emergency service for the wealthier families in the city the mission doctor was able to supplement the income of the hospital. .

After a few minutes the doctor came out of his office and spoke to the Chief of Police and told him to have the mother come to see the missionary lady who lived just across the street from the hospital. She could explain how to take care of the baby, how to dress, feed and bathe him so that he might not be one of the eighty per cent of Persian babies that di~ in infancy.

And so the morning passed for the doctor and the minister al'l they worked together in the Meshed Hospital. What is it accomplishing within the sacred "healing place" of Islam, the "Holy city" of Meshed~ A Persian Christian, who lives in the quarter of the city where the doctor did his largest service during the cholera time, has just sent word that there are now forty people in his own neighborhood who are reading the Bible and who are much drawn toward Christianity. He goes on to say that if one missionary evangelist could spend his entire time in talking with Moslems, by the end of a year there would be a thousand converts.

THE DEAF THE FIRST STEPS IN SCIENCE IN THE CHEFOO

There are probaMy over sixty thousand deaf children in China, every one of whom ought to be in school, while in fact less than two hundred are now being taught.

The first school for the deaf in China was established by a missionary of the Presbyterian Church in 1887 at Chefoo, and was for boys only. In 1906 the work was enlarged by the addition of a department for girls. During the past twenty years seventy-nine boys and thirty-six girls have been in attendance, amply proving by their attainment that the deaf can be educated-an idea which the Chinese at first ridiculed. but now regard as miraculous.

As a result of this pioneer work, several other schools have been opened.

The Ex-Commissioner of Commerce and Agriculture, Chang Kien, who is greatly interested in education, has apened a school in Nan Tong Chow; a Chefoe graduate has a private school in Hangchow ; a class for girls is taught in connection with the Methodist School for girls in Kucheng; and a school has just been opened in Peking. The teachers for these places are trained at Chefoo, where the aim is to give a practical training to Chinese teachers who wish to extend the work, in the best methods used in other countries which have been adapted to the Chinese Mandarin language.

Pupils have come to Chefoo from thirteen out of the eighteen provinces.

and from both Christian and non-Christian homes. To see them read and write, understandingly, the complicated Chinese characters, and lisp even imperfectly the words they have learned to speak by watching the teachers' lips. is most touching. To see. tears coursing down the parents' cheeks, as they realize what it means to their child to be taught, is not an unusual sight. It means not only to understand and to be understood, but freedom from the superstition that they are possessed with an evil spirit, and from persecution.

Lack of funds has greatly limited the work of the Chefoo School, the boys' school being closed because of iAnamdeerqiucaa.te* and unsuitable buildings, and need of another trained teacher from • The needs of the Chefoo School ire: $61000 to complete the building fund: another trained teacher and her salary; extra gifts to meet loss on exchange and high cost of living; twenty more schoJarships at $60.00 a year each; $15.000 mo~e for .th,e Endowment fund. ,Gifts may be sent, to r:en~~i~~~HYo~a~it;~easurer, Board of ForeIgn MISSIOns of the Presbyterian ChUl"ch. 156 Fifth 536

the .Church of

BY REV. WILLIAM A. BROWN, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS W HAT SHALL be the attitude of the next generation towards the missionary enterprise' How shall the Church of that day view the Christian crowds in America and around the world T What shall be that gene-ration's measure of missionary interest and service T The answer to these questions rests very largely with the present workers among the youth of America. The Sunday-school is in reality the key to the situation.

The missionary enterprise is intimately bound up with the bighest human values in terms of men and money. In the Sundayschools of today are the youths who "numerous and fresh as the morning dew" should go forth in the all-prevailing Name to win the world to Christ. In the Sunday-schools are the children and the youth who some day will become stewards of the vastest treasures of wealth which have ever been entrusted to the people of any generation. In the Sunday-schools the children and youth gather in ever increasing numbers about the missionaries' Book, wherein are taught the marvels of redeeming grace. There they may learn how wonderfully the God of Calvary won victories in the elden day. And God is winning still!

The Sunday-school not only has the wonderful Evangel to give to the world-"the Good Tidings of Great Joy" which are for all people-but the Sunday-school is in itself a great evangelizing agency. In these days the best Sunday-school teachers and other workers are beginning to realize that they are really evangelists, and they can never be finally satisfied until all their pupils become devoted followers of Jesus Christ. Missionary work is evangelism on a world encompassing scale. Sunday-schools will enter upon their career of largest Christian usefulli.ess when they become in fact missionary training schools.

There is great need for the members of our Sunday-schools to be trained in a knowledge of missionary work, first of all for their own sake. A. young man talked with me on the train one day. He was a fine fellow in many ways, but he had a very serious defect in his Christian education. He had been regular in his attendance at Sunday-school but evidently he had been taught, poor man, to think of God only in the past tense. He could not think of Him as actually at work in the world today. He knew how the Gospel was brought to Corinth, but he knew nothing about how the Gospel had been taken to China.

If Barnabas and Paul could cause great joy in the villages of 537

Palestine as they told of the Gospel triumphs in their first mission- ary joumey, why not fire the imagination of the growing generation with the story of the Gospel triumphs in our day' And the mem- bers of our Sunday-schools need the quickening of interest for their own faith and devotion.

. Besides, only by imparting to the oncoming generation a finer knowledge of the other people in the world oan we ever hope to overcome the growing national and racial suspicions and antip- athies which are all too apparent at the present time. The good people whom we do not like are the people whom we do not know. Have a care lest those in our Sunday-schools are as helpless as the heathen, when they ought to be as helpful as the first Christians.

There is also great need for the pupils in our Sunday-schools to be trained in missionary work itself. There is such work near practically every Sunday-school in America,-:-a bit of work within the reach and within the capacity of the scholars in the Sunday- schools. If they are led to do this nearby work for God they will be trained for other work for Him. In one community where the people were left largely to themselves, they grew indifferent to the ways of God, and the place came to have a bad name. Then a member of a neighboring Sunday-school became interested in them and won the children. Later the Gospel message reached the parents, and now that community is known far and wide for devotion to God.

There is a still greater reason why the pupils in our Sunday- schools should be trained in the missionary spirit. The principles of Christian stewardship should be carefully taught in all Sunday- schools. Covetousness is a heinous sin, and selfishness is the cause of the' evils that affect all orders of society in America today. The cure for covetousness is in Christian stewardship. The people of America will never hold right views about property and about industry until they are taught to recognize the fact that God alone is the absolute owner of everything and that man is .forever a steward in all things. Children and youth should be taught clearly to distinguish between God's right of ownership and man's privilege of possession.

One day when an appeal was made (for money) a boy re- sponded generously. Some of the older members of the Church thought the boy's gift was far beyond his means, as it probably was, . for he had to go without his lunch one day a week for an entire year in order to meet his subscription. But in the giving of that one subscription the boy became so bound up with the missionary enter- prise that he has since followed his Master into missionary work upon two continents. This is perhaps the chief value in missionary giving, for it is apt to carry the giver with it.

Those in our Sunday-sohools should be so trained in missions that they shall be completely captured for the missionary enter-

TRAINING THE CHURCH OF TOMORROW

prise and so that many of them shall devote their entire lives to the extension of the Master's Kingdom. All life is a ministry, and all service ranks the same with God whether it be :r.endered over here, or over there. The ,program of the Master is as varied as the , need, and the workers will find today abundant opportunity for the exercise of every kind of gift.

We too often neglect to enlist the youth in God's service and then we undertake to do with difficulty what- we might have done earlier with ease and greater effectiveness. There are spiritual tides in the lives of growing boys and girls-and if we were wise enough to avail ourselves of these favoring life currents we could .do far greater service for God. This is as true in the matter of life service as it is true of susceptibility to the evangelistic appeal.

Impressions largely determine the channels in which the life streams flow, and most of these profound impressions are made in early life. Why should we postpone the matter of recruiting for the high Christian calling until the direction of life currents is setT Again the pupils in our Sunday-schools need to' have teachers who are so thoroughly devoted to the missionary enterprise that they realize that one cannot be a Christian at all without being missionary. With such teachers the Sunday-schools of America would quickly become missionary training schools. One such teacher taught in a little school in a small village. There were . never more than a dozen little folks in her class" but out of that class of little folks there later went five foreign missionaries to bless the needy world. When this teacher, late in life, said, "I always wanted to be a missionary," one of the members of that class wrote from a foreign field: "You always made each of us feel that we ought to be missionaries."

Thus it rests largely upon the teacher as to whether or not the Sunday-school becomes an effective missionary traiillng school.

What teaching value is there in a missionary lesson, or in a mission- ary incident, or in a missionary personality, if the teacher does not believe in the missionary enterprise? .We cannot impart to others a faith which we ourselves lack. .

What measureless missionary possibilities there are in the 18,000,000 scholars in the Sunday-schools of North America! Al- most anyone can see that there must be future missionaries in such a multitude, but who will disclose to the teacher the missionary possibilitil1S in her class right now? The evangelization of the world waits largely upon the teachers in the Sunday-schools, for the world will be evangelized in that generation in which the Christian teachers of the you.th determine that they shall an be- come missionaries of Christ at home or abroad.

A GREAT SUNDAY SCHOOL RALLY OF 15,000 PEOPLE IN SEOUL

The Bible In

O NE PECULIARITY of the Sunday-s c h 0 0 I in Korea is that the old rather than the young make up the strength of the membership.

The numbers will doubtless come close to 150,000. One Qf the latest developments is to seek the attendance of the children of the non–church member. _ The Korean Bible pocket is indicative of the zeal of the adults for Bible study. The children of the church members have also come under the influence of the Bible school.

– So called "Ragged Schools"

are being organized in many parts of the country. In China similar schools are called "Rag COMING. KOREA Tag Sunday-schools." These aim First Member Sunday School Cradle Roll, Seoul to reach the child who is outside of Christian home influences. Frequently such schools are held-in the open, under some tree or 'Wherever a little projection can be found. The teacher will attract' an audience by showing Bible picture rolls or small Bible picture cards and at the close of the lesson a small picture may be given to the good listeners. Recently a missionary wrote that he C(!)uld use a half ton of such pictures to advantage.

The Korean Sunday School Association is supervising and stimulating the Sunday-school work. Rev. J~ G. Holdcroft is the Korean Secretary, representing the World's Association, but he can only give a fraction of his time to this important work. The International uniform lessons are generally used and a number of books on Sunday-school work have been published in Korean.

One important feature of the work in Korea is that practically all of the Christians are Bible students. They come from long distances and at great personal cost to participate in short term Bible study courses which are conducted in the various mission stations. At such centers ten three-hour evening sessions are held, one each week for ten weeks. The first teacher training institute was in progress in Seoul when the recent -difficllUies be- tween the Japanese and Koreans became acute. Over 200 were in 541

attendance consisting of teachers of all grades, who met in the auditorium of the Pierson Memorial Bible School. Chosen Christian College, which is located in Seoul, is planning to give lectures on Sunday-school organization and methods as a part of the course in the Biblical Department. More than one-third of the students are already helping in the Sunday-school work. The Correspondence Bible Course was taken by 1200 Christians in all parts of Korea during the past season.

The Korean Christians were at first strongly opposed to the holding of the Eighth Convention of the World's Association in Tokyo. The Annual Conference of the Korean Methodist Church, on recommendation of the Sunday-school Committee, however, adopted a resolution in which they stated that: Whereas, we believe that the Church in Korea should be represented in any such meeting of the Church Universal, We recommend, that each District, and as far as possible, each Quarterly Conference, endeavor to send representatives to the said Con- vention." ••• The Korean Sunday School Association adopted the following " Standard" in 1917: (1) To meet as a Sunday-school every Sabbath in the year. (2) Each sc~ool to elect a superintendent and a secretary for a year. (3) Division in classes according to advance made in Bible study as well as according to age. (4) Five minute review and questions on the lesson by the superintendent or other officer. (5) Weekly meeting of teacher-training class.

(6) Observe Rally Day on the second Sunday of October, each year.

Korean Sunday-schools vary in attendance from 2,000 to 3,000 in the large city churches to five or less in the meeting places in the remote villages. The Korean Secretary, Mr. Holdcroft, added: "Even the average of these did not find it quite to the liking (i)f the Korean mind to observe the above standard. The election of a superintendent to serve for a year was against the Korean custom of rotation of office, that each might be given opportunity to show his skill at leading, and the limitation of the five minutes placed upon the closing remarks was also a distinct shMk to the older Koreans, many of whom had been taking 30 minutes or even a full hour for these 'closing remarks.' "

It would be hard to find in America a parallel to some of the interesting features of the work in Korea. One of these is a Sunday-school which requires three sessions to accommodate its pupils. One group is obliged to gather outside the church waiting tlieir turn to enter. Too few Sunday-school buildings in America are working up to capacity. With a full time Sunday-school Secre- tary in Korea the progress would be still greater. S. D.P.

of Evangelism in

By REV. H. A. POPLEY, ERODE, SOUTH INDIA Forward Evangelistic Committee of the National Missionary Council C HRISTIAN evangelism has won some of its greatest triumphs and fonnd some of its greatest obstacles in India. A Hindu leader said a little while ago to an Indian friend, "Christianity has conquered China and Japan, but these are only primary :schools; India is a College, and here you must do much more to -conquer. " India is proud of her religious past. And while Hinduism is the most tolerant of religions it is also the most elusive and the widest in its range. In the North we find virile Mohammedanism. In the South we meet the "specious make-belief of theos- -assurance of the Jains, as well as the boldness of Indian nationalism. In the South we meet the "specious make-belief of theos- 'ophy" and the all absorbing Pantheism.

From the Punjab to Travancore the whole country is throbbing with a new: life, and young men are knocking at the portals of a new age. A new unity is evolving out of the variety of the Indian peoples. The Christian students are as keenly national as are the non-Christians. Up on the slopes of the Himalayas a young Christian student, with blazing nationalism, has started a Home Rule League in his own town. The Christian students in one of the Central India Colleges recently trooped down to the station to get .a glimpse of Mahatma Ghandhi as he came through; and in sleepy Travancore, they talk eagerly of the new era of responsible government into which India is now entering. There are tremendous possibilities in Indian nationalism and there is reason to hope that young India will rise to the new tasks which responsible government involves. But the biggest task before the Christian -enterprise in India today is the task of evangelism.

The tour made by Dr. and Mrs. Sherwood Eddy last year was .arranged by Christian leaders in India to stimulate the Christian Church to personal evangelism; to conduct evangelistic meetings .among prepared audiences of Hindus; and to speak to preparednon-Christian students. With Dr. Eddy were associated Mr. Stanley Jones, Mr. B. C. Sircar, and a number of other evangelistic workers, both men and women, in different parts of India. The tour comprised altogether forty-three centers from Lahore in the North to Nagercoil, ten miles from Cape Comorin in the South; from Poona in the Wrest to Elloire, beside the Bay of Bengal. Conferences for Christian workers ,were held in thirty-three centers. In thirteen oonters meetings for non-Christians were an important part of the programme, and meetings for non-9hristian students in seven.

543

No records were kept of the number who attended the meetings, but at Maramon in Travancore there were 30,000, while at Tranquebar there were only fifty. The average probably was about 500. For some of the conventions people walked over 100 miles and spent eight days on the journey. The central subject presented at the conventions was personal evangelism, the greatest work in the world. Reports show that the delegates left the meetings eagerly desir0US of putting in practice in their churches and villages the principles and methods recommended. The personal work classes were a regular feature of every convention and studied the little book prepared by Dr. Eddy called "The Greatest Work in the World~" Over 25,000 copies of this little book have been published in nine different languages. There was abundant testimony as to thQ need for emphasis upon the subject of personal evangelism, as in the Mass Movement areas, the pastors and catechists acknowledged that they had been in the habit of thinking of people in crowds or in classes, and had not been dealing with them one by one. As a result, many hundreds of Christians began to speak to others concerning their spiritual life and many hundreds more were won to a new life of consecration and service. In addition Hindus and others stood up and confessed their faith in Christ. Definite decisions were also made to study the Bible, to pray for guidance.

Of course this method is not possible unless there has been can:" siderable preparation by Christian workers, and unless the audience is a mixed one of Christians and non-Christians. It is, I believe, the first time that it has been tried in India. China has used it with success, but Mr. Eddy says that the Indian responds to it even more than the Chinese. There is no doubt that it presents a magnificent opportunity to the Christian workers to follow up the impressions of the address, and it also ~ves to the non-Christian hearer the opportunity to .bring out his doubts and difficulties straightway. Christian and non-Christian begin to exchange ideas with one another, and an atmosphere of sympathy is created and maintained. It is also a very good thing for keeping up the interest of the Christians themselves in personal work.

An important feature of the work among the Christians was the emphasis upon follow-up. In all the workers' conventions where the workers were drawn from the villages all around, they were asked to go back to their villages and hold conventions of their own for their Christian people and to carry with them the message of the meetings. In many different places in both North and South this was done, and so ,.the message was spread far and wide. In the towns personal work groups were formed and members of each church arranged for their leaders and groups.

All to the real results among Christians large numbers made a new start and many who had been nominal Christians entered the

19201 PROBLEMS OF EVANGELISM IN INDIA

abundant life of service and sacrifice. In reference to the non-Chris- tian meeting it is not easy to be so definite regarding results. There were instances of individual decisions and in many places men are regularly studying the life of Christ, and definite contact has been established between Christians and Hindu enquirers. The total number of those who decided was, however, small.

Some of the chief lessons and problems which emerged from the experiences on this tour were: 1. Evangelism needs time. In many places neither mission- aries, pastors, nor church members had time for evangelism. The missionaries were too busy with other things, the Indian Christians were too busy with earning their livelihood, and there was no time for anything but a haphazaTd and spasmodic evangelism. It is impossible to effect any large advance in evangelism until more people are prepared to give time to it. We are not going to win India simply by giving to evangelism a little spare time now and then. Evangelism is considered a part of all mission work, but it is often the last thing Christians find time to do.

2. The second lesson was the realization of the wonderful opportunity before a well-planned, steady and sympathetic evangel- ism having its center in regular personal evangelism by the Chris- tian Church. At Lucknow, for instance, the people were not at all interested in the war or any other thing, but they wanted to hear about religion. Out of this tour grew a plan for a united sys- tematic evangelistic effort in Christian colleges. A number of col-I leges have decided to bind themselves together to pray for each other, to plan for a regular evangelistic effort year after year, aiming at definite decisions by college students. This has been called a Covenant or League of Colleges, and has already been en- dorsed by a number of colleges in both South and North. In the High School at Scriviliputtur Christian boys realize the value of evangelism and go out two by two without money and without food during every summer vacation to do Christian work.

3. Another lesson is the need for steady and continuous effort. Many evangelistic workers have determined that this special effort shall continue and that there shall be agencies available to help forward the steady progress of the work in all the places visited. In many places the meetings were simply one part of a big movement which continues steadily towards its objective. It is no use arranging for special efforts unless one keeps in mind at the same time the absolute necessity for continuity and all that it involves.

4. The tremendous value of personal evangelism to lead to decision and to provide for a steady continuance of the work was another lesson. There is no method more powerful than this, and no method which needs less organization, and which ensures better continuity. This fact has gripped hundreds of Christians in India

and is going ts grip many more still. In the Nandyal district is a society called "Kristya Naharam," established by a layman as a result of a dream. There are three stages called Balya, Youvana and Purana. The Balya stage has twelve rules among which areincluded thrift and soul wining: saving money and saving souls. A. brotherhood of St. Andrew has been started in Sivakasi, every member going forth to win his friends as Andrew did.

5. The value of evangelism for promoting union among different churches was evident. In some of the conventions were Anglicans, Baptists, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Wesleyans-all united in the prosecution of a common "task. The first evangelistic conference of the S. P. G. and C. M. S. took place at Courttalam, and some S. Po G. ministers said they had never attended such a convention in their lives before.

6. The two big problems to be faced are first that or winning men to take an open stand for Christ, and second that of finding many more Indian evangelists of the type that can win men.

There are literally hundreds of people in India who have found in Christ a new hope and a new teaching, such as India needs. But to take the one decisive step and to unite publicly with the disciples of Christ is too much for them. In one town a college professor who had made up his mind to publicly profess his faith in Christ found the strain so great that he fainted before he could do so. In another place a man who admitted that he had accepted Christ in his own life shrank from the final step because of his family. Sometimes the problem was that they were intellectually CODvinced, but the backing of experience was not there. There are men occupying the highest positions in public life and in society who are just outside the Kingdom longing to enter in. There is also the great need for outstanding Indian evangelists who speak with authority.

7. There is ample evidence from every part of India that the greatest obstacle to the winning of men to Christ lies in the Christian Church itself and in missionaries themselves, such as the un- Christian example of many in the Church and the disparity between preaching and practice, the lack of a vital and persistent personal evangelism, the lack of sympathy with Indian aspirations, the prejudices that warp the judgment and stem the life" of many workers. There is great need that' we discover and discard everything that prevents God from working out His purpose in India. We can see no cause for boasting, but every cause for self-examination to be sure that our name is written in Heaven as among those who share in the love of our Father and the service of His Son Jesus Christ.

The School To The

BY REV. SAMUEL D. PRICE, D. D., NEW YORK E ACH YEAR as Christ- mas approaches the Sur- plus Material Depart- ment of the World's Sunday School Association sends out material to at least 1400 mis- sionaries. These gifts come from friends of Christ in the home land and range from small picture cards to an auto- mobile, and from a card punch to a church bell. Each an- nual packet contains also a A BIBLE PICTURE ROLL IN TIBET hearty holiday greeting, two daily Bible reading calendars and Christmas and Easter musical services. Letters of thanks come back from hundreds of mission- aries who express their heart's gratitude, while they tell of more things that will help in their work. Thus far more than 36,000 people in America have been introduced to missionaries abroad and have tbus shared in their work by giving of their surplus to supply the missionary's need.

A list of special requests is aliNays. on file. There are now calls for a number of typewriters, blackboards, baby-organs, bells, kindergarten materials, raffia for blind workers, cornets, violins, special books, and many other things indispensable in the life work of a missionary. Memey is frequently sent to the Superintendent of this Department that some special gift may be purchased. Last September a request was made for a Ford car to be used at a hospital in India. A woman in Pennsylvania promptly forwarded a $1,000 Liberty Loan bond and the car is now helping to save life in India. A young man recently came to the office and handed the writer money to be used in buying blackboards for two workers in Egypt and to purchase large Bible lesson picture rolls for as many workers as possible. There are now more than 1,000 special requests on file waiting for some one to come forward with an o,fier of cooperation with these workers on the frontiers.

Some who cannot help with large gifts send what they have in the way of pictures, lesson helps, illustrated papers in English~ books from their own library, teacher-training helps, scrap books, postal card chains, handkerchiefs, pen knives, etc., almost any article one might use if 10,000 miles from home, and working with old and young.

547

From recent letters received from missionaries, note a few sentences that sheuld stimulate to special action. A missionary in India writes: "During the past year we received a number of picture post cards and now a new correspondent to whom you introduced us is sending us some magazines. These are all very much appreciated and we can use them to good advantage in our work."

Another from Korea says: "A graduate of our Girls' Academy is teaching a village school far from the railroad and from even the helps we enjoy. She says an organ would aid her and the people greatly. I wonder if anyone wants to send her a baby organ. She has been so brave and faithful to Christ in her struggle for her education we should like to see her have as much encouragement as possible." (About $35 would purchase and transport that greatly needed baby organ.) Another from Ajrner, India, writes: "I could use 50 of one kind of Easter or Christmas programs or both. We especially desire large Bible lesson picture rolls, graded lessons for kindergarten, primary, junior and intermediates in lots of not less than ten copies. "

From Chefoo, China, a missionary sends this request: "The Academy now has 300 students, mostly of the ages 16 to 21. This school has many boys able to read English and could use to good advantage books of all kinds for its library. We could also use geographical and historical pictures such as those issued in the National Geographic Magazine. We could also use, and would probably appreciate it more than anything else, a talkin$ machine with records. Our primary schools have an enrolment of over 900, and were receiving before the war dolls, Sunday-school cards, picture rolls, scrap boeks, etc. We need these things more than ever, also kindergarten material of all sorts."

A werker among lepers in India writes: "We are especially pleased to be able to give many of the pictures to patients at the Leper Asylum now in our charge. If there is any class of people for whom I feel it worth while doing something it is for these poor people. The whole Asylum is made bright with the large pictures of the Sunday-school rolls."

• For a pamphlet giving tuIl Information write to the Surplus Material Department, World's Sunday School Associ.tic>n, 216 Metropolltan Tower, New York City, Indicate your denomination In tuIl, distinguishing between "North" and "South" If that term applle.. 'State what you have to give, or send money for special things if you wish. Obtain a card of tntroducUOD to a mlssiona.ry and then forward the packages directly to the torelgn field. It Cl>Sts 32c to mall tour pound. of pictures abroad. Letters from the missionaries w!ll come with heartiest thanks, Write now tor Information about dressing dolls and then start your packages of joy before November that these dons may be distributed at the coming Christmas season. Ee sure and Include something choice tor the missionary too. It costs 12c per lb to man dolls and the paokage can weigh up to 11 Ibs' J No one need have a dull day who Is thus a foreign mis8iOnary at home.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

THE FINANCIAL campaign of the Interchurch World Move- ment is over, an achievement "not by might, nor by human power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts."

Many churches made excellent use of their weekly calendars for public- ity. Three weeks before the every member canvass a Michigan church printed a passage from the eighth chapter of Second Corinthians as rendered by Moffat's translation of the New Testament.

."You are to the front in every- thing, in faith, in utterance, in knowledge, in all. zeal, and in love-do come to the front in this gracious enterprise as well.

"I am not issuing an order, only using the zeal of others to prove how sterling your own love is. (You know how gracious our Lord Jesus Christ was. Rich though He was, He became poor for the sake of you, that by His poverty you might be rich.) But I wilI tell you what T think about it; it is to your interest to go on with this enterprise, for you started it last year. you were the first not merely to do anything but to want to do anything. Now, carry it through, so tbat your readiness to take it up may' be equalled by the way you carry it throughso far as your means allow. If only one is ready to give, according to his means, it is acceptable; he is not asked to give what he has not got. This does not mean that other people are to be relieved and you to suffer: it is a matter of give and take; at the present moment your surplus goes to make what they lack, in order tbat tbeir surplus may go to make up what you lack. Tbus it is to give and take."

the alert for suggestions, it may be be n.ble to enter the background able to reach many very desirable of students' lives," declared Mrs. young women who had never before 11 urray Frame, President of the given definite thought to mission ~orth China Union Women's Col- lege. "I have been twenty-two years service." in China, but I always felt handi- One of the most constructive sug- capped in understanding the people because I never lived in the interior," gestions of the Administration Com- stated another well-known missionary. mission was that student volunteers be given advice in the selection of The. new candidates' knowledge their courses, so that they may of China will not be limited by what prepare for a definite phase of work they see from the car window, plus on the foreign field. "When I first experience in a large city. Houseentered college I wrote to my board, boats, wheelbarrows, sedan chairs telling them of my desire to become ;md mule litters Will all do their a missionary and asking their advice share in impressing upon them the in choosing my electives," declared fact that every sixth person in the one of the delegates. "They replied world lhes on a Chin«se farm and by congratulating me on my choice that beside the great back country. of life work and asking me to write the coast towns shrivel into 'insignifito them again when I was ready to cance. go. Very much at sea regarding my From Report of Elsie McCormick. course, I turned to my pastor for help. He advised me to specialize STEWARDSHIP HINTS on languages. I therefore majored in French and German, which I have "We were going over our family not had occasion to use more than budget for the year," said a well-tothree or four times. If someone had do business man recently. Suddenly only told me to take up economics I looked up at my wife with a gasp and sociology, my efficiency on the of astonishment, 'Do you see what field would have been donbled." we have done?' I exclaimed. 'for Though President Ellen F. Pendle- amusements and the automobile we ton of Wellesley College warned have allotted ten times as much as against too much specialization on the we are planning to give to the church part of undergraduates, she heartily and charities. I never realiz;ed it approved of the suggestion that the before.''' Together they went over boards give them general guidance the figures. What they had set aside and that they spend a year or two for benevolence would just about in intensi e preparation for a definite buy one new automobile tire. The branch of mission work after receiv- price of one tire-for God! ing their diplomas. The Christian steward recognizes But even after she has' had prac- that God is the owner of his life tical experience at home the young and wealth; he acknowledges his missionary's time of probation is stewardship by setting aside first of by no means over. The Commission all a definite proportion of his inon Secondary Education recom- come for God's use. mended that after a period of lan- Ruage study new mission teachers "THE POSSIBLE IMPOSSIBILITY" learn China from the inside, either by itinerating with an evangelistic The year they decided to try it worker or by residing' for a time in out, they looked at each other a the interior. little startled, neither of them sus- pecting the money miracle! "Unless a teacher is able to speak to old women and little children. He said: "I suppose you realize unless she knows the home condi- the children may suffer if we carry tions of her pupils. she will never this thing out!"

She said: "They may suffer if we

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

don't! A thing that's RIGHT to do, or as Solomon phrased it: THERE is right to' do-that's all there is to IS THAT SCAT'I'ERETH AND do. Probably there are lots of fami- YET INCREASET:-r AND THERE lies like ours all 0" er this country IS THAT WITHHOLDETH MORE who honestly want to practice Chris- THAN IS MEET BUT IT TENDtion stewardship, only THEY DON'T ETH ONLY TO POVERTY. DARE! I'm thinking it may do the children more good in the end than- MARGARET ApPLEGRATH. music lessons, 'for instance." WORK IN SOUTH INDIA "But $150 out of my $1500 seems a bit steep," he admitted. "I sup- (From a missionary's letter; pose we couldn't start in giving less than a tenth until we got used to it." Every Sunday afternoon, as you know, we hold a Sunday-school "And be meaner than the Jews with the caste girls in the regular were? not much!" school building. Although this Sup- day-school is not compulsory in an) This was the dawn of their new way it is largely attended, and not day. For he took a small account only by the girls of the school but book and in fear and trembling we have one large class of small started a -family budget, with a tenth caste boys and another class of set down conspicuously in the Lord's women, some of them former stucolumn every month. It was only dents in the school, and others through this bookkeeping that he dis- mothers and sisters of the girls themcovered the miracle at the end of selves. To illustrate the real interest the year: their nine-tenths minutely which these children take in the administered for their own needs, Bible lessons I wish to tell one had gone exactly as far as had the incident that happened a little time entire ten-tenths the previous year, ago. We had the story of the rich when they aimlessly spent from man and Lazarus and at the close month to month, never quite knowing of the regular lesson time I as usual where the money went. was giving them a. review of the lesson, and when this was over one The writer's father remembers of the Brahman boys rose and said, with keenest delight that young man', "Mother, one thing that I do not face in the prayer service when he like about this story is how could told of the miracle! "It's down in the rich man who is evidently of black and white!" he exclaimed: "I high caste allow Lazarus to dip the know to a penny that we made nine- tip of his finger in water and send tenths equal the ten-tenths. I was him to cool his tongue when Lazarus' bound I wasn't going to have it fall body was full of sores." The boy through, you see, but never dreamed had no sooner asked the question I'd make money! And as for the than, before I could possibly gi"e Lord's tenth-I guess we never had an answer, one of the bright little such pleasure in applying any money Brahman girls jumped up and said, before. We've pro"ed that where "Don't you know that Lazarus was your treasure is, there will your in heaven and we won't have sores heart be also. We read up about in our body in heaven?" I conthings, you know," he added with sidered the subject finished; the beautiful simplicity. child's answer was enough. Surely tbis is a proof that the Bible in- Little by little, as business grew, struction in our caste Girls' School I,e increased the proportion from a is not thrown away. tenth to a fifth, for from the first possi!:le impossibility he went on to During the last few months we prove the boy of John Bunyan's have opened a night school for Sudra memorable couplet: "A man there (the 4th or farmer caste) boys was, some called him mad: the more he gave away, the more he had";

and young men on the east side of seem to love the Bible study, One the town.· These boys and young of these boys was baptized last month men have to work hard all day and three more are thinking ser- long and have had no chance to get iously of taking the step. We could an education. We have this small get many more boys but we want school running in a rented building to select carefully and build this and they come here every night, work up on a sure foundation. except Sunday, and study from about These boys and those who are look- 9 o'clock often until midnight. They ing after them need your prayers. learn hymns and hear Bible stories two hours each week and I go to Every Sunday morning from 8 them from time to time and review until 9 o'clock I have charge of them in their work, and thus keep the large Sunday-school of our in touch with them. church here. We have an enrolment of over 800 and an average attend- N ow about the boarding depart- ance of 650. I give a good deal ment for the caste boys in ,the com- of my time to this Sunday-school, pound. Very near our bungalow trying to make it interesting not only two dormitory buildings are closed to the children and young people but by a high wall where the Bible to the old people as well. Then women in training used to live. every Sunday afternoon from 4 These buildings not being in use we until 4 :30 comes the Sunday-school started this new branch of the work among the caste children in the last January. At present there are town, and so the days are filled, to 10 boys in the boarding school with say nothing of visiting the sick in a young man of the Sudra caste the hospitals and in their homes who came to me about 9 years which I consider not only a duty ago to study the Bible and was con- but a privilege. More of the grace vertecl. He lives with these boys of God, more strength and more and acts as a big brother to them. time; thi3 is what is needed. He is a fine lad and his influence over the boys is exceptional. These SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS l)oys cook for themselves. I have FOR 1920 given them garden seeds and in their yards they have a nice garden started 1. Los Angeles, Calif. May 31-June 5 from which they get vegetables for 2. Minneapolis, Minn. May 31-June 5 their own curries and also to bring 3. Oklahoma City, Okla. May 31-June 5 to the bungalow to sell to "Mother" as they call me. They would be 4. Winter Park, Fla. .June 3-10 . very glad ·if I would take the vege- tables as a gift, but that I will not S. Winona Lake, Indiana. June 24-July I do. I am constantly with these boys June 2S-July 5 and am very fond of them and I 6. Blue Ridge, N. C. think they love me, They are affec- tionate lads and a word of sorrow 7. Chambersburg, Penna. June29-July7 or reproof for any wrong deed is sufficient for them. Although they S. Northfield, Mass. July S-15 are caste boys from heathen families they attend all the regular meetings 9. Silver Bay, N. Y. July 9-19 of the church. On Saturday fore- noons for nearly two hours I have 10. Estes Park, Colo. July 9-19 a meeting with them in which we take up the history of the Christian II. Oxford, Penna. July 10-lS religion, the life of Christ, singing of hymns, etc. 'They are committing 12. Bay View, Mich. July 11-16 to memory many Bible portions and 13. Montreat, N. C. July 11-18 14. Mount Hermon, Calif. Jnly 13-20 .

IS. Asilomar, Calif. July 13-23 16. Lakeside, Ohio. July 20-28 17. Ocean Park, Me. July 20-30 IS. New Concord, Ohio, July 20-27 19. Lake Geneva, Wis. July 23-Aug 2 20. Seabeck, Wash. July 2S-Aug 7 21. Wooster, Ohio. Aug 4-12 22. Xenia. Ohio. Aug 10-17 23. New Wilmington, Pa. Ang 14-23 24. Tarkio, Mo. Aug 14-22 25: Lake Geneva, Wis. Aug 17-24 26. Chautauqua, N. Y. Aug 22-28 27. Dallas, Texas, Last of Sept.

28. Tuscaloosa, Ala. Last of Sept.

29. Boulder, Colo. No date given

fROM MrANY

MORICA Faithfulness in Kamerun Soul Winning in the Jungle HEN German authority came to W FA BIBO had a severe case of A ophthalmia, and when the' skill erun, the Basel Missionary Society an end in the German Kam- of the missionary doctor saved the was compelled to cease its activity sIght of one eye he pledged himself because many of its representatives to thirty days' service in taking the in the field were Germans. The Gospel to his people. At the end of work was taken over by the Paris tCll days he reported eight persons Missionary Society, and when Pastor won to Christ. "I've just begun," Allegret in 1917 went to Fumban to said Afa Bibo.· Later the Mission call the scattered Christians together distributed a number of workers' he found that the king hac,l gone over books in the B),llu language, with the to Mohammedanism and had re- proviso that each book must be re- quired all his subjects to follow his turned at the end of three months if example. All the Christian places of by that time the owner had not won worship had been turned into a convert. When two months were mosques. M. Allegret obtained per- up, Afa Bibo was asked, "What has mission from the king to hold a the book been doing?" meeting with those who at one time "It has been working," said Afa belonged to the Christian Church.

Bibo. Said the king: "I have no objec- "But what has it done?" tions; my people are quite free; but "Perhaps it has won twenty-five," I know that they do not wish to be was the answer. Christians any longer, and have ac- "I do not understand 'perhaps,' cepted the Mohammedan religion."

said the missionary. The meeting was held and many So Afa Bibo 'went home for his present said they preferred to be book in which he had entered the Christians but the king's order com- converts on his prayer list. There pelled them to be Mohammedans, were forty-nine names enrolled. among them some of the wives of This was some years ago, but Afa the king. Finally, a young man Bibo is still in God's service, says Dr. arose and said decidedly: H. L. Weber, a medical missionary "I will remain a Christian and con- to West Africa for the past eighteen fess Jesus, even if the 'king should years. fulfil his threat and should behead me." Upon this eleven others, Christian CWer in the Sudan mostly young men, declared that they MISSIONARIES at Doleib Hill, also would serve Christ, even in the Sudan, are rejoicing that view of what the king might do to Nodok, their first convert, has been them.

elected chief of his village. With these twelve young people, An incident which occurred some Pastor Allegret now went before the weeks ago shows the friendship of king, and said to him: "Look, these the Shullas for the mission. When people are remaining true, and wish trouble among the cattle at the sta.- to serve Christ!" The king' did not tion threatened the .milk supply, the dare to condemn them to death.

Shulla king s.ent a present of a fresh With this beginning. the congre- cow, that the "babies of. the foreign- gation has been again built up, and ers" might have milk. at the latest celebration of the Com- United Presbyterian. mUl110n over 200 Christians were in SSJ

attendance. Furthermore, with the able to gIVe him fullest information.

permission of the king, two out-sta- It was a most impressive scene as tions of the Mission have been re- these two very old and very notable established. chiefs pleaded with their respective The Christian. peoples to yield themselves to the dominion of Christ.

Death of Molcamba of Barotse-Iand The Christian Express REV. ADOLPHE JALLA write~ }~or Girls in South Africa from Rhodesia of the death of Molcamba, prime minister of Barotse- CHRISTIAN Association work for land, and an enlightened Christian the European girls in South Afman. Molcamba and Litia his broth- rica centers around large commercial er-in-Iaw were the first Christian and industrial localities. Cape Town, converts of the country, and both Pretoria, Durban-all the principal were loyal in their Christian service, towns of South Africa-have their in the face of great temptations. He hostels, probably the largest and paid a visit to England in 1902. most complete being at Johannesburg. There are sewing and reading circles'

Purity League at Inanda an.d classes £Or literature, ambulance NEGRO Christians in South Africa work, home nursing, physical culture feel it is high time to refute the and social subjects, while swimming, charge that social purity is unknown cooking, dressmaking, and other among people with black skins. A courses are arranged at intervals as recent gathering at Inanda, Zulu Mis- occasion arises. Bible classes and sion, lasting for several days, took devotional meetings are held not only steps for the formation of a Purity on Sundays but during the week as League. Addresses were made by well. In the early mornings, services natives and missionaries, and a con- are held in one of the worst localities stitution was drawn up and signed of the city, while once a fortnight the by more than a hundred young men colored children are gathered toand women. gether for a jolly afternoon, when they have either games or fancy Ch.lef Kbama on l'reaching Tour work, or perhaps some Bible stories. C. M. S. Review. REV. R. HAYDEN LEWIS of the L. M. S. Mission in South Af- Man of Faith in Madagascar A rica, last year made an extended LITTLE church in Madagascar has a church of which its memevangelistic tour accompanied by Chief Khama, an earnest Christian bers are justly proud. The entire convert. Services and tribal meet- cost of the building and materials ings were held in the villages and was met by an old Sihanaka Chris- cattle posts and a new church was tian, past seventy years of age. At opened at one of the largest out- the time of building, influenza raged stations. Upon the return of the on all sides. Workmen were struck partv to Serowe, the aged chief of down or fled through fear. Every the Hereros paid a visit to Khama in morning before lsunrise this un- order to personally commit his people daunted old man went to superintend to Khama's care. All the Hereros and encourage the work. When were called together and at the con- urged by his friends to stay at home clusion of this meeting Samuel Ma- he said : harero asked Khama many questions "No, I must· go. God's House about the Church and the rules and must be built, and if the people can- customs which were supposed to not do it, then I must. I have asked guide the conduct of Christians in Him to protect me until the work :; regard to all of which Khama was done, and I know He -.v'ill.

J920] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

His prayer was answered, for this gwuped according to states and counfaithful servant went to and from his tries. These will illustrate actual work untouched by the disease, and mission work being done by Conthe work of buildIng was at last com- gregational agencies. pleted. Presbyterians Work Toward Union Centenary in Madagascar THE effort to unite all Presbyterian THE centenary celebration of the bodies persists, although many founding. of the Madagascar' attempts have failed. Four distinct plans have been proposed: (1) com- Mission, in August, 1818, has been plete organic union resulting in one solid church; (2) organic union acpostponed until October, 1920. The cording to the synodical plan, with an Assembly composed of commisplans outlined are as follows: sioners elected by the synods; (3) organic union on the basis of provin- (1) The Madagascar Continuation cial or regional Assemblies, with one Supreme National Assembly as the Committee, representing the seven capstone of tbe system; (4) union in a Federal Body, having only ad- Protestant Societies at work in the visory powers; (5) a Federal union, with clearly defined powers and reisland, propose that each mission sponsibilities, but which conserves the autonomy of the constituted churches should arrange an evangelistic cam- in doctrine and discipline, and all lo- cal interests, including the tenure of paign in the territory occupied by it, property.

so that every village therein shall be At a meeting in Atlantic City in March tbe Northern Presbyterian visited and brought into touch with Church favored union in one solid <;hurch, while tbe Southern Church the Gospel. inclined toward union on tbe regional basis.. Virtually, the proposals have (2) A large memorial hall to be narrowed to these two. A committee was appointed to submit plans fm a erected at Tananarive. future meeting.

(3) The churches in Imerina pro- The Presbyterian.

pose to build a Boys' Home and a The Y. M. C. A. War Funds Girls' Home for students coming in THE financial statements of the National War Work Council of to study at the capital. . the Y. M. C. A. shows that between April 26, 1917, and December 31, (4) The most important proposal 1919, the amount received was $161,- 722,649.42. During the same period, is the one by which the churches of up to the time when the Council turned over its unfinisbed work to "Vales seek to extend their work in the International Committee, the to- t tal amount expended was $129,082,- unevangelized parts of northern 917.43, of which $602,589.56 was for religious work. This leaves an un- Madagascar. expended balance of $32,639,731.99. The Executive and Finance Commit- These proposals will be considered tees recommend that of this balance in consultation with the Paris Mis- sionary Society and the French au- thorities.

NORTH AMERICA PUgriIn Tercentenary Celebration AN INTERNATIONAL Congre- gational Council, to celebrate the Pilgrim Tercentenary, will be held in Mechanics Hall, Boston, June 29 to July 6. Four hundred voting delegates, representing the United States, Canada, Great Britain, South Africa, Australasia and mission lands, will determine the organization and policy of the Council. Every Congregational church in the world has been invited to send a corresponding delegate. More than half an acre of floor space in Mechanics Hall will be devoted to exhibits,

$5GO,000 be appropriated to the Loyal tur and $15,000 for the Rentechint~la Legion. Work in the American Army has almost entirely been turned Hospital. ' over to the War Department of the Government, but service under the 'AGroup EvangeIis,n Y. M. C. A. still continues in France, METHOD that has commended It:J.!y, Czecho-Slovakia and Poland. itself to Methodist workers by successful results in Indiana and The following facts are also of in- New England is that of group evanterest: The receipts from the first gelism. By this method six or eight campaign in the United States were pastors band together and visit the $5,113,666; from the second cam- different charges of the sub-district, paign $53,334,546 and from the third specializing in the various aspects. of campaign $100,759,731. Overseas re- revival work. One does the preachceipts amounted to only $105,381. ing, another attends to the Sunday- The expenditures included $38,809,- school activities, another works with 642 in the United States and $52,- the men of the church, another meets 382,786 for American forces over- with the Epworth Leaguers, another seas. The loss on foreign exchange assists with the music, another holds was over ten million dollars. For the after meeting, and one looks af- Allied armies and prisoners of war ter securing publicity. The areas nearly twenty million dollars were from which reports have come show spent. The New York headquarters a total of 46,123 converts in a cost $2,730,027, and publicity $1,421,- period of sixty days, a result which 233. The estimated future expenses surpasses that of any corresponding include $11,950,000 for work in period within the last four years. Europe and Turkish areas, and $10,- 000,000 in the United States for Neglected Migrant Workers American headquarters expense. appropriations to army" navy, educa- MEASURES are being considered tional serv-ice and interracial work by the Interchurch World and reserves. movement for the care of the 22,000 fruit' and vegetable cannery migrant Lutheran Foreign Missions workers of the eastern states. The majority of the workers are women. THE United Lutheran Board of The states involved are New York, Foreign Missions is one of the New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. Boards that is financially embar- and women's missionary boards of rassed, having a deficit of $97,396 on the following communions will b~ March 1st. In spite of this, twenty- asked to share responsibility: Chrissix new missionaries were appointed tian, Methodist Episcopal. Methodist at the meeting of the Board on Protestant, Presbyterian (U. S. A.). March 25-sixteen to India, four to United Presbyterian, Ref 0 rm e d Japan, five to Africa and one to Ar- Church in America. and Reformed gentina. These reenforcements are Church in U. S. greatly needed. There are also under way plans for new equipment in In the sections from Texas north a number of the mission fields. to Canada, and during the period These plans include $43.000 for mis- from June to September, the Home sion buildings in Buenos Aires. Ar- Missions Council plans to make life, gentina; $17,000 for buildings in more worth while for the migrant Monrovia, Liberia; $25.000 for a harvest hands by erecting tents in Boys' High School in the Muhlen- centers where the harvest groups burg Mission and $60,000 for a new gather, to furnish recreation, relicollege building near Guntur, India; gious services and an open forum $8,000 for a Traintng School in Gun- for discussion. Cooperation will be sought from local churches and farm bureaus.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

California has petitioned the Inter- forty Koreans as charter members.

church Migrant Group Section to Mr. Choy intends to establish other send two Protestant teachers for two churches in the Middle West wher- model farm camps to be established ever there are sufficient numbers of in Santa Clara County. Christian Koreans to justify a sep- arate organization.

~eeds of City Negroes Korea Review.

HE Home Mission Survey has re- T vealed the fact that the urban New Academy for Indians A 7:egro is less concerned about his FARM of forty acres and farm- house have recently been purspiritual vvelfare than his rural brother. Non-church membership is chased near Smithville, Okla., as a the exception among Negroes in the beginning for the Willis-Fulsom Aca- country districts, but invariably the demy, intended primarily for Indian membership falls off when they mi- boys and girls but will include chil- grate to cities. New York City has dren of white mountaineers. A ter- only 28,000 Negro church members ritory of twelve hundred square miles out of a total Negro population of lies around it, with no other high 145,000. school advantages. The Academy Y. w. c. A. for Chinatown opened in September, 1919, with a faculty of three and a student enrol- A YOUNG Women's Christian As- ment of twenty, classes being held in soCiation is being organized ill a rented storehouse. Rev. Estill A.

the Chinatown of New York City. Townsend, the principal, asks for A petition, signed by the leading wo- selected books for the library, which men and several of the merchants now consists of about two hundred of that district, asks assistance of the and fifty volumes.

National Board in organizing an As- sociation. There are about one hun- Edncational Center for Indians T dred and fifty Chinese women and HE American Indian University at Wichita, Kansas, founded girls in New York City, a few of them students but most of them through the efforts of Rev. Henry wives, mothers and daughters of Roe Cloud, is to train Indians from Chinese business men, who are inter- the 150 tribes for leadership of their esting themselves in everything that people. The Indian constituency American women do. This Chinese grows constantly, contrary to popular Association will endeavor to train opinion. In 1890, it numbered 248,- women in citizenship, American cus- 253, in 1919, 336,000.

toms and Christian living.

"In establishing an Association, LATIN-AMERICA we are hoping to learn of the best Missionary Obligation in Guatemala elements in American womanhood, GUATEMALA is making a brave and at the same time retain our ideals effort for the fourth time in as of Chinese civilization," said one of many centuries to rise above the ruins the leaders. of the earthquake of 1917. Central Korean Church in Chicago America is not only marked by com- mercial opportunity but is full of THE first Korean Church of the missionary opportunity and obliga- Middle West was dedicated in tion.

Chicago, Ill., in September of last The delegates to the Regional Con~ year. This church is under the care ference of missionaries of Latin of the first Methodist Church of America, held in Guatemala City last Evanston, and Rev. N. Y. Shay has March, met near the ruins' of the been appointed pastor, with about Presbyterian Mission Church. More

than '200 persons were packed into Great Britain are the King's referthree small rooms for Sunday-school ence to the need of further regulaservice in the home of a missionary. tion in his address at the opening of Others came to the door constantly, Parliament; the Bishop of London looked in on the crowded rooms and has spoken in favor of limitation of turned away in disappointment when the drink traffic; and many areas in they saw that entrance was impos- Scotland are going "dry" through losible. cal option.

A Paraguay Church Mission Methodist Conference in London REV. HARRY WHITTINGTON A FIFTH Ecumenical Methodist writes that the church at Bana- Conference has been called to nal, Paraguay, plans a forward step meet in London in September, 1921, to evangelize the surrounding district. in the great Central Hall of West- Two horses have been secured, the minster. There are signs that by workers contribute their time and the the time of this meeting the various church assumes responsibility for in- Methodist bodies in England will cidental expenses. Two trips each have become one. month will be made, one toward Miranda, the other toward Aquidau- American Friends in France ana. Each trip covers about a week, and the workers go by twos. Other THE American Friends continue to districts will be visited as time goes give good account of themselves on and the way is open. Persistent efforts are continually being made to in reconstructive work in France and drive the missionaries out of Bana- other war torn lands. About 1500 nal, and to close the church and acres of land have been plowed up school. and made ready for planting in the Argonne region west of Verdun, and EUROPE the farms stocked with chickens, goats, rabbits, bees and larger live Temperance in Great Britain stock. About 22,000 fruit trees have been planted, 1400 houses erected and PROHIBITION in Great Britain is twelve cooperative stores. Homes not looked upon with favor for are built only for those families three reasons. First, it is an inno- which have no surviving men. vation; second, it denies men liberty to drink what they like; and third, Other beneficent work of the much money of individuals and of Friends' Mission includes the buying institutions is invested in breweries and quartering of three hundred cows and distilleries. Nevertheless the just outside of Vienna, from which cause of temperance is gaining in milk is supplied at cost to child wel- Britain. There are many Britishers fare organizations. Four young men who care more for their fellow men of the Friends' Unit are superintendthan they care for their appetites or ing two hundred Bulgarian prisoners their pocket books and these people in the rebuilding of villages in the are working to put down body and Toplica Valley. Another group has soul destroying strong drinks. established an orphanage in a Serbian America's example and experience is industrial center. All these brotherly also an eye opener. If industrial and activities are directed from Philadelmoral progress shows that America is phia, Pa. reaping large benefits from prohibition, England will have an unanswer- War Loss ot French and Belgian Protestable argument in favor of destroying her drink traffic. ants Among the signs of promise in 'THREE million dollars is estimated by the Federal Council of Churches as the obligation of Ameri-

i920] NEWS FROM. MANY LANDS

can Protestants in aiding French and days of the war ate now living on a fortified island near Vladivostok, Belgian Protestants to recover from once the private property of the Czar. The children have had no communiwar's disaster. It is calculated that cation with their parents who sent them away in care of teachers when this total will rebuild all the local starvation threatened. They were church edifices which the war de- two years in reaching Vladivostok and are now under the care of the stroyed-ali ruined manses also-and Red Cross. It is uncertain how soon' effort can be made to reunite them to start going again all the educational their families.

and charitable institutions for which Christian Associations in Iceland funds failed while the war continued. REV. FRIDRIK FRIDRIKSON, After all this there will be enough while a student in Copenhagen, came in contact with the Y. M. C. A. surplus to clear up the debts on the and when he returned home to Iceland he started a movement in French missionary society, and enable Reykjavik. In spite of much skep- ticism, after two years' effort he was its excellent work in Africa to con- rewarded by seeing a Y.. M. C. A. organized, and a few months later a tinue unabridged. It is proposed to Y. W. C. A. The latter now numraise tHis sum in three annual in- bers 400 members, and the former about 600. staJlments. A proof of the vital power of the The Continent. Association movement was given in 1917 when 20,000 Danish crowns The Gospel in Italy were collected, mostly among the members, for a new up-to-date build- PROFESSOR VITTORIO BANI ing for the members of the town affirms that evangelical teaching clubs. in Italy has driven the Roman clergy Apostle to the Maltese to study the Bible. The Roman MALTA, the Melita of Paul's day, authorities have been constrained to now has a missionary of Paul- ine spirit named John Falzon. Reissue a new translation of the Gos- cently, he has been shepherding Mal- tese who have emigrated to Tunis. pels, and sold it through the Society Here are a few extracts from his diary: of St. Jerome. Prof. Bani says that there are today two Catholicisms, a 24th. I went again along the streets looking for Maltese. I found poor minority which follows the Pope fourteen. Two of them told me that they had been s.een in my company implicitly, and a new type which by other Maltes.e people, and that they had been warned to avoid me. recognizes in the Pope only a tradi- They replied, 'We are free men and will approach any we like.' We have tional head of the Church. This ma- talked much on religion and they have promised to come to a meeting jority adheres to Catholicism because in my house. I am praying.

it is not yet able to adapt itself to 28th. Six Maltese men from evangelical worship.

Norwegian Clergymen Form League A HUNDRED or more Norwegian clergymen have formed a league under the name of the Union of Clergy Loyal to the Faith. The aim of the organization, of which the Chairman is Prof. E. Sverdrup, is to work for the deepening of the spirituallife by Bible study, to strengthen the positive forces in the State Church, and to counteract the work of unbelieving theologians.

Record of Christian Work RusSian Refugee Children EIGHT hundred Russian boys and girls from seven to sixteen years of age who have been separated from home and parents since' the opening

among the recently arrived came to lead, though the demand for Scrip- my house: My heart is filled with tures in the Turkish language will joy. I spoke on Acts xvi and gave doubtless exceed that of any year. a clear and full message of the Gos- We are doing all we can to get. pel. They listened with great glad- ready." Bible printing was impos- ness and joined with devotion in sible last year in Constantinople, yet prayer. 24,296 copies of the Scriptures. were distributed. 29th. Other three newly arrived Maltese men came to my house. I Watehman-Examiner. entertained them with God's Word on Luke xv. 11-32. They seemed Christ and Mah<>met greatly touched by God's Word and joined devoutly in prayer. AN AMERICAN journalist writ- ing from Damascus in the maga- Record of Christian Work. zine Asia records a conversation with a Moslem professor, in which the lat- lUOSLEM LANDS ter instituted a remarkable and sur- prising contrast between Jesus of 'rurks Turning Toward Christianity Nazareth and his own accepted prophet. "The personality of Jesus," HERETOFORE it has not been a said the Mohammedan savant, "is majestic simplicity. The personality . problem to provide for Moslem of Mahomet is complex superman." inquirers in Turkey for the reason Then after a pause he added: "The that there were so few inquirers. higher type is Jesus." Certainly Generally speaking, the most that has such an understanding observer canbeen attained in one hundred years not be far from the Kingdom of of work in Turkey has been the win- God; and it is interesting evidence ning of regard for missionaries as how, in a clear mind, even though its friends, and the lessening of fanati- predispositions may run opposite to cism against the "infidels." Christianity, the character supremacy of Jesus compels reverence. As Since the war a changed attitude Bushnell said, it literally "forbids His is manifest. Turks, both men and classification with men." women, are coming to the missionaries for instruction as to the Chris- The Continent. tian way. They are declaring their dissatisfaction with Islam, and their Student Volunteers of Constantinople feeling that Christianity is true and has something better to offer. These THE Student Volunteer Union of inquirers are not yet a great multi- Constantinople which was organtude, but they are enough to forecast ized last December seeks to enroll in a mass movement toward real reli- its membership all those in Constantigious emancipation that will gain nople or its vicinity who during stumomentum in that discouraged land. d!;nt days either in Great Britain or North America allied themselves with Missionary Herald. the Student Volunteer Movement. Sixteen or more persons have signi- Bible Distribution in Turkey fied their interest not only in main- taining the fellowship known in stu- TURKS are buying the Christian dent days, but in promoting the aims Bible, according to a letter from for which such a body may most usethe Secretary of the American Bible fully stand in the Near East. Society in Constantinople. He says: One important phase of the work "We have what will prove, I think, of the Union is that of gathering to be an unprecedented demand for items of information which will be the Scriptures for the coming year. useful in the hands of Student Vol- There are indications from all sides that this demand will be large, and this in all the languages used here. Probably Greek and Armenian will

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

unteer secretaries in the home lands necessity of working. Army mules as they seek to interest students in came to the rescue bringing military the life· and problems of the Near rations from the camps on Bethle- hem Road, making it possible for East. soup kitchens to be maintained by Occident and Orient. charitable organizations serving for several days 15,000 people daily. "Happiness Factories" The A. E. F. canvas Leave Camp "HAPPINESS Factory" is the became uninhabitable early in the name given the Rescue Home storm. Sixteen soldiers on leave were sleeping in the Army Y. M. in Adana where fifty-five girls are C. A. hut and ten more in the small kept busy enough to make the mem- mess room in a stone building nearory of past horrors a vague shadow. by. Since everyone's clothing was The Home is, as a matter of fact, a wet and fuel was scarce, there was bam-like structure of unattractive little sleeping other than naps beappearance, but the busy hands flying tween shivers. At midnight the gale among the rug looms, heads bent at its height drove such a bank of over embroidery or eyes watching snow against the side walls of the their fruit preserving are justification wooden hut that it suddenly caved in, for the name of the Home. At pres- bringing the roof with it. Luckily, ent there are fourteen such Happi- the wall held in the end where the ness Factories in Armenia. men were sleeping, allowing them to flee uninjured, in all states of attire, Snow in Syria and Palestine plunging through drifts shoulder-high and dragging after them blankets, BEIRUT during the past winter trousers, shoes, blouses, and other im- experienced bitter cold, and at pedimenta. They naturally sought one time had the phenomenal experi- the already overcrowded mess hall of ence of eight inches of snow. Great the "Y" and in five minutes it beaamage was done to olive and fruit came the acme of confusion. trees and many of the historic and ornamental trees in the mission com- Anti-Zionists Parade pound fell from the weight of snow on their branches. AN ANTI-ZIONIST demonstra- tion in Jerusalem on February Jerusalem in February experienced 27 was a picturesque protest against the colonization of Palestine by the a record-breaking gale, driving a Jews. Arabs and Bedouins' intro- duced an element of the desert into thirty-inch snowfall in drifts shoul- the motley concourse of about 8,000 der-high. Great destruction and suf- people who marched through the fering resulted. A large corrugated streets, carrying banners proclaiming iron mill building, two cinema thea- anti-Zionist sentiments without threat tres, the Evelyn RoUtschild Army of violence. Y. M. C. A. hut, and about fifty dwellings collapsed. All communica- One cause of the antipathy to tion by road, railway, and wire was Zionism has been the influx of a cerbroken, leaving the city isolated. tain type of Jew from Russia, a type wholly different from the Jew famil- Emergency measures were taken iar in Palestine. He cares nothing by the Military Governor, who set for his religion, and is looked upon the hardy Yorkshire garrison troops as Bolshevist. With the coming of digging out the ancient city, for the the British Army this new type of native populace was too astonished Jew began to exhibit a very haughty and bewildered to act. All business and overbearing attitude. was abandoned as men huddled around stoves or kept to their beds. Food shortage of so serious a nature followed that the governor had to threaten bakers and storekeepers with jail terms to impress upon them the

Traveling Eye Hospitals souls who rather enjoy gallivanting RAV~LING Eye Clinics in the over the country, seeing the sights T Nile Valley are proposed by mis- and getting fed gratis by the faithful.

sionaries to deal with the prevalent And their bowls are not always eye diseases of the land of the Pharoahs. It is hoped to equip four auto empty. * * * Sundar Singh has ambulances, possibly using those sal- won knowledge and certainty out of pain. Today, Sundar believes as ever vaged from the war, and send them in suffering. But it must be suffer- out to visit villages as yet unreached ing to some good for others. This by missionaries, medical or evangelis- Christian saint would never line his tic. This hospital fleet would be shoes with sharp nails or walk bare operated by denominations already foot over a path of live coals; he in the field. would never while away his time re- Extending Work in Persia posing on a bed of spikes or squat- ting between three fires. Yet he is NOT the least part of missionary glad to swim icy rivers in the Hima- work in Persia has been evan- layas or to receive blows in the face gelistic service among the British (literally turning the other cheek) or soldiers. Some of these had not to be thrown down into a well been inside a church or attended any amongst rotting corpses (as happened religious. service since leaving home. Prayer meetings were held for those to him in' Tibet), for the sake of the Cross.

already Christians, and quite a large India Sunday School Union number of conversions from among the others rejoiced the hearts of the HE India Sunday-school Union is workers. Reports of this helpful T a dearing house for Sunday- ministry went back to mothers, wives school ideas. One finds its leaflets in and friends in England, and many remote villages from Travancore to prayers of thanksgiving found ex- the Himalayas, and its long estab- pression from them. lished examination scheme has stimu- The soldiers also caught a new lated thousands of boys and girls glimpse of mission work, and one and teachers of India to sustained efwho had been particularly impressed fort in Bible study. A correspond- asked how he could get into mission- ence course of teacher training has ary work in Persia himself. . been developed in which more than a thousand have secured certificates.

INDIA Examinations have been held m Sadhus-Hindu and Christian twelve languages.

AN INDIAN journal recently Christians in the Madras Corporation pointed the contrast between Hindu and Christian sadhus (holy THE Indian Government has apmen). pointed two Indian Christians, "Our typical yellow-robed religion- presumably to represent Indian ist seems to consider dirtiness next to Christian interests, in the Madras godliness, whereas Sundar Singh Corporation. There are now four takes his bath as seriously as his Indian Christians in the Corpora- prayers, remarks the writer who tion. This is an important recogni- goes on with the comparison as fol- tion for Christianity in India.

lows: "In India there are over five mil- Schools for Missionaries' Children lion sadhus,-five million wandering, THERE is but one school in all Inyellow-robed 'renouncers.' It is conceivable that half or even three- dia which affords a satisfactory fourths are indolent instead of pious environment and courses of study for the children of missionaries. This

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

was founded eighteen years ago at holiness begin to creep into his mind; Ko-dai-kanal, South India, and is and what has been regarded as an maintained jointly by a number of act of devotion appears as a filthy Mission Boards. As a result of the custom, perilous to health. Indian survey, a chain of such schools is proposed to extend across The fantastic theories about the India. cause of disease cannot long endure inspection under a microscope, for Systematic Giving in S1a:m the one who learns how typhoid con- tagion is spread by impure milk does I N ORDER to unify the Christian not take seriously the explanation of forces, contributions from the the gods' displeasure. Furthermore, various communities around Cheng- a man whose religion forbids him to mai are brought in quarterly and take life, even of an insect, stands placed in a central fund, a quarterly aghast when he sees in the water he conference being held at the same drinks a thousand living creatures. time when discussions are largely given over to the subject of steward- CHINA ship. The envelope system is in use in all the churches. In some cases A Seventy-Filth Milestone each member of a household pledges a definite amount, while in others. a THE oldest Presbyterian mission certain amount per family is prom- station in China, at Ning-po, is ised. This has resulted in doubling completing its seventy-fifth year. A the contributions. recent feature of the service there is the institutional work in the crowded Student Hostels in India business section near the East Gate. Outside the city wall is Dzongteh THE importance of hostels, or Girls' School, the continuation of the Christian boarding houses for first school for girls to be opened in . students in India, is shown by the vig- China, and close by is one of the first orous protests awakened at the clos- Presbyterian churches erected in ing of the Montgomery Hostel, of the China. The historic Fuzin Church, S. P. G. College in Trichinnopoly, built seventy years ago, still has the . because of some disorder among thl' largest auditorium in Ningpo. The students. The other boarding places pastor is a son of a Christian minin the town are said to be no better ister, and his own son is now studythan "pig sties," and detrimental to ing theology in America. the health and morals of the students. The hostels are built to provide the Community Service at Glnling young men with good, clean, wholesome surroundings, but they are not ALL but two of the sixty-five stualways appreciated until they are lost. dents of Ginling College for wo- men are registered for definite social Science as a Christian Ally work. The half-day school for girls of the neighborhood is the largest GROUND glass is usually fatal to single undertaking. Thirty-five pu- Hinduism-that is to say' the pils come from one to four o'clock microscope is one of the most potent five days in the week and receive sysforces in destroying superstition by tematic instruction of primary grade. revealing the wonders of modem The students conduct a Sundayscience. When an Indian boy looks school having an average attendance through a high-powered microscope of 110 small children; and a twoat a drop of water taken from the hour mothers' meeting is held each "sacred" River Ganges, and sees the Sunday afternoon, followed up by world of germ life swarming in that visiting in the homes. In the governdirty water, lurking doubts of its ment orphanage a Sunday-school and monthly missionary meeting are con- ducted by Ginling students.

New Theological School ITCigarettes from "Honorable" Anlerlca IS hard sometimes for the mis- A CENTRAL theological school sionary to explain the various will be opened in the autumn of kinds of people from her native counnext year at Nanking in connection try who come to China. One day a with the Episcopal Mission. The Chinese woman appeared at a meetproposal is heartily welcomed by the ing in one of the out-stations, puffing other missions at Nanking. a cigarette. Both face and hands were yellow beyond native coloring Nurses Needed from excessive cigarette smoking. Politely the missionary asked her not FROM China a medical missionary to smoke in meeting. "But," ex- sends this appeal: "Weare at the claimed the woman in amazement, stage where the whole progress of holding out her cigarette, "these come modern medicine in China is being from your honorable country." It retarded by the absence of a nursing took some time for the missionary to profession among the Chinese wo- explain that people from her "demen. It is becoming increasingly based" country were of varied types easy to get a good foreign-trained and different purposes. Chinese doctor; our equipment is rapidly becoming as good as is to be The Continent. found anywhere in the wide world. But we have no nurses. That is be- Wanted-A School coming the cry of medical missions in China today: foreign nurses to A CHINESE woman of Canton conduct training schools in connection wanted her son to enter a Chriswith our hospitals." tian school. When she applied she was told there was no dormitory . "Self-Come" Water room. She then asked how much it T HE average' Chinese rustic is be- would cost to erect such a building. wildered by the unaccustomed When told $3,999 she said, "AU comforts of a mission hospital. right; I will build one." Are Chris- Having indicated his intention of un- tian schools appreciated by the Chi- dergoing treatment, he first makes the nese? Bible Study.

acquaintance of the uniformed bath Rag Tag Sunday Schools boy, a muscular factotum who mag- "WHEN is Sunday? How many more days?" question the little nifies his calling and takes profes- beggar children of Tengchowfl1, sional pride in the output of hi." de- Shantung, China, when they chance to meet the missionary in the IPartment. When simple hot water street. Ragged, dirty and often naked, carrying their smaller brothers and soap do not produce results and sisters on their backs or breasts, and some carrying their little baskets which satisfy his discriminating taste, in which they put their millet cakes, sweet potatoes, or other food they he brings into play an aid similar recelve by their begging. They nev- ertheless have a bright smile for the to a curry-comb. After this process white missionary who teaches on Sunday i-n the "Rag Tag" Christian the patient is introduced to a clean Sunday-school. The School, com- posed almost entirely of these little ;suit of clothing, while his own ap- street waifs, has a total enrolment of 400. The missionary has not the parel is rendered innocuous by fumi- heart to tell one of them to go home. to put.on a garment and return. gation. Not infrequently a patient from the backwoods manifests a su- perstitio,+s fear of the "self-come"

water, but owing to the familiarity which is supposed to breed contempt he may in a few days become one of those who amuse themselves by turning the water on and off at the risk of flooding the whole establish- ment. G. VV. HAMILTON, M. D.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

They often have but one garment, This Committee investigates condi- and that is kept for the winter. tions and gives counsel regarding Therefore we would rather have the matters of missionary policy. children come without clothes than not to come at all. So eager are they Geometric Prt'lgression to get to Sunday-school each week . that long before the hour for as- REV. CYRUS A. CLARK, of Mi- sembling they are in their appointed yazaki, writes that twenty-eight seats. A bright colored post card or and a half years of work in Hiyuga a Sunday-school card, of which we have resulted in five so-called inde- could use between four and five hun- pendent churches, six churches still dred each week, is ample reward for receiving aid; gospel preaching in their silent interest in the story of the sixty or more places; and twenty- boy Jesus. These they paste on their four Sunday-schools, with 1600 regu- black mud walls, above their mud lar attendants. A non-Christian law- brick beds, and teach their parents yer of the community gave the fol- each week the Golden Text. lowing testimony to the work of the mission: "You cannot estimate OTTO BRASKAMP. the value of Christianity by the nU(ll- ber of Christians. Only to have JAPAN -CHOSEN given the people of the province the idea of only one living and true Federated Missions in Japan God, vs. the 8,000,000 gods of Japan is an achievement great beyond esti- COOPERATIVE effort has brought mate." very encouraging results to Protestant mission work in Japan. Social Service The Conference of Federated Mis- sions was formed in 1902, and was I N COMPARISON with the habit- followed by a Federation of Pro- ual lack of cooperation between testant Churches and a Continuation state and federal authorities in Committee, practically uniting the America, the celerity and thorough- two. The small area of Japan and ness of some Japanese officials is the rapid progress of Japanese commendable. Much has been as- churches have contributed to the complished in the field of govern- success of cooperative effort, for the mental philanthropic work, and the reports of the meetings of the fed- O'Hara Institute for Social Research erated missions are widely published is one agency worthy of mention. and awaken much interest. Prac- The objects of the Institute are: tically all of the Protestant Missions are included except the Prot~st:lnt 1. The study of labor and social prob- Episcopal of America and the Sf'ciety lems. for the Propagation of the Gospel, of England. 2. Investigation by experts of special problems. The Conference of Federated Mis- sions serves as a mediUM"! for refer- 3. Publication of books by experts on ence and united effort for the cooper- social questiol'ls. ating agencies. The Federation of Churches is a distinct organization to 4. To offer prizes for best essays on support cooperative evangelic,il activi- social problems. ties, to express Christian sentiment on social and moral questions, and to 5. To hold meetings for discussion of promote united evangelistic, educa- social questions. tional and benevolent Christian work. The Continuation Committee was or- An experiment at Imamiya is the ganized in 1913 to coordinate all Parents' Consultation Bureau. Any evangelical mission forces in Japan. home problem may be brought here for advice. Osaka has three public lodging houses for laborers, accom- modating in all over three hundred men. One hundred and twenty

municipal apartment houses have side the churches. The Koreans are been built, in connection with which a poor people, but their gifts for this day nurseries are established to pro- year will reach $7000. Included in vide for children of working moth- this budget is a hospital to be built, ers. and toward which one man has Cooperation with these movements given $300 for the purchase of a on the part of Christian leaders will site; another gave $250 and two mean the opening of doors where others $25 each. The Women's Christian ideals can 'be of far reach- Evangelistic Society of Pyeng Yang ing value. Japan Evangelist. voted $400 toward a house for Mr.

Pak. Korean Christians also con- '.rwo Christian Examples duct missions for their own country- A YOUNG Japanese farmer whose men in Siberia, Hawaii and else- family are active opponents of where.

Christianity walks ten miles to attend church service every Sunday morn- Promises in Korea L ing, remains all day until after even-ITTLE change has taken place in Korea as a result of the different ing service and then walks home, reaching there past midnight, with regime. The police methods have the farmers' early rising hour fast not been materially reformed. Ar- approaching. rests are not to be made during Another young Japanese Christian church services, but tortures con- was recently married and instead of tinue as a method of examining pris- taking a honeymoon trip gave the oners. Prisons are not allowed to amount of money this would have be heated in winter, so that some cost to the little preachi':1g place he prisoners have been frozen to death.

attends. Now the Christians there On the other hand, mission colleges are discussing how to spend such are now permitted to teach any lan- unexpected wealth. guage they please and mission schools can hold religious exercises. The Rorean Foreign Missions "Christian Messenger," the Korean I N KOREA, where there are 17,- union church paper, has received per- 000,000 heathen and only 300,000 mission to publish world news, and Christians, one-third of whom are the circulation has risen from 2800 communicant members of the Church, to 7000. It contains two pages of a foreign mission is maintained. In news items, and is a marked conces- 1918, their two missionaries at Lai sion on the part of the Japanese Yang, Shantung, China, were re- authorities.

ported as doing such splendid work among the Chinese that they already The Bible by Correspondence C had a church of 80 members. These ORRESPONDENCE Bible study helps to satisfy the desire of Korean pastors had to learn the Chi- nese language. Rev. S. S. Pak is Christians iJl. remote districts for a now a third missionary to Shantung, fuller knowledge of the Scriptures.

and Dr. Y. S. Kim has been added No less than 1200 in Korea have to the staff. He will conduct a large taken such a course during the past clinic. One new church was built in year. The students are residents of 1919, and nineteen persons have re- all parts of Korea but the work cen- cently been baptized. ters in Pyengyang and is under the The Mission covers the city of Lai direction of Rev. W. L. Swa11en.

Yang and the surrounding country in each direction for a distance of ten New Interest in Leprosy T miles. Three schools, well attended HE Japanese government has granted permission to Severance by Chinese boys, have grown up be-

NEWS FROM MANY LAi-ms

Medical College in Seoul to install turn she had been on furlough only a ward for lepers and a chair for twice. leprosy. This means that students in the college can study leprosy at first U. S. G. Jones of India hand, thus acquiring adequate kno~l­ edge of the disease to ultimately wIpe REV. U. S. GRANT JONES of it out of the land. Dr. A. G. Jullunder, India, died on Decem- Fletcher of the Chosen Mission will ber 22, in a lonely out-district at- have charge of this new work. tended only by two faithful Indians. Mr. Jones was graduated from Continent. Wooster University and Allegheny, Pa., Theological Seminary, and OBITUARY NOTES through Dr. J. C. R. Ewing was per- Dr. Howard S. BUM of Beirut suaded to become a missionary to In- ON SUNDAY May 2nd, the Rev. dia. In 1887 Mr. Jones took up his Howard S. Bliss, D. D., President work at Ferozepur, and the following of Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, year was transferred to Lahore for Syria, died of tuberculosis 31t Saranac district work. uLnaukse~alNlyewstrYonogrk.andDbr.eaBulttisfsulwCa:shr,aisntian character and rendered dlstm- Mrs. Arthur H. Ewing of India guished service both in America and Syria. He was only sixty years of age MRS. ARTHUR EWING, for but his heartrending experiences in several years a Missionary of Beirut during the war and famine the Presbyterian Board in India, rebroke down his health. He was born cently lost her life by being run down in Syria, the son of Dr. Daniel Bliss of by an automobile in New York City Beirut, who preceded his son as presi- as. she was alighting from a trolley dent of Syrian Protestant College. car. Dr. Howard Bliss was graduated from Amherst College in 1882 and from George S. Fisher of Kansas Union Seminary in 1887. After a few years as assistant pastor of Plymouth MR. GEORGE S. FISHER, Gen- Congregational Church, ~r~oklyn, .he eral Secretary of the Gospel 'became pastor of the Chnshan Umon Missionary Union of Kansas City, Congregational Church in Montclair, Missouri, died of typhoid fever on N. J., where he did a remarkable March 22 in Guayaquil, Ecuador, work. In 1902 he was called to the where he was visiting the mission 3tapresidency of the College in Beirut tion of the Society which he founded. and there served for eighteen years Mr. Fisher was formerly a Y. M. C. A. during a period of great storm and secretary, and Rave up that work to esstress. Under Dr. Bliss' administra- tablish the "faith mission" which has tion the College won many friends done a great pioneer work in Morocco and grew to be one· of the best known and the Sudan, in Ecuador and Colomand most influential Christian insti- bia, and among the Navajo Indians in tutions in the Near East. America. Mr. Fisher was a strong personality. a staunch believer in the Miss Holliday of Persia Christian faith and a fearless advo- cate of the strictest Gospel truth. His AFTER thirty-five years of service "Sound the Alarm" articles in "The in Persia, Miss Margaret Y. Gospel Message" called attention to Holliday died March 17 in Indiana- many errors that he believed to be polis from illness directly due to the taught or practiced by religious leadsufferings caused by the war. She ers. Although at times his judgment was seventy-six years old. Miss Hol- was probably defective none doubted liday was the daughter of Rev. Wil- his sincerity or his loyalty to Christ and liam A. Holliday. Until her final re- the Bible. He was a "spiritual detec- tive," and in many ways rendered truly sacrificial Christian service.

Africa; Slave or Free? By John H. In so far as Mr. Harris states

Harris, with preface by Sir Sydney personal convictions, they are Olivier. xix, 244 pp. London: these: The main features of the Student Christian Movement 69. New Africa should be nine. The 1919. relationship of European or Ameri- can Powers should be that of trus- It might be said of this little teeship; the fundamental article of Yolume, intended for the use of administrative policy should be mission study classes in British without respect to color; African universities, as was said of "Dawn sovereignty should be vested in its in Darkest Africa," by the same inbabitants; in land policy, a safe author: "It cannot but be an ad- and adequate tenure should be se- vantage…. that the Government, cured for each native tribe; the Parliament and the general public labor policy should include comshould learn what one so eminently plete freedom of contract; commerqualified as Mr. Harris to instruct cially there should be no discrimithem in the facts of the case has nating barrier raised because of to say on this subject." Sir Syd- race or color; "equal rights for all ney Olivier's ten-page introduction civilized men" should be the motto is also a fine piece of interpretation upon the franchise banner; elemenof a book and its cause. tary education for all and an open doop. for the highest education Mr. Harris has gathered material should be provided; and in the from his many years of residence matter' of religion, missionaries in Africa and his study of the should be entirely free to teach the documents in the case, but he does Christian faith by example and prenot write as a statistician or gov- cept. This conclusion may seem ernment advocate of his cause. He obvious, but the reader will see places before the reader the African that it is not present in many in his environment, surrounded by cases; Africa is not wholly free, his greatest problems, chief among aside from the technical items of which are labor, which he is loath actual domestic slavery and conto render and which the white tract labor under certain foreigners. overlord demands secondarily; land We know of no other book in which is his life and without which which such serious problems are the same white master cannot "car- considered so satisfactorily and so ry on"; and thirdly the universal briefly, and hence we commend objection of the world against his this one with great pleasure. race and color. Three-fourths of the book are devoted to these sub- Plans for Sunday School Evangelism. jects. The last fourth discusses By Frank L. Brown. 12mo. 223 African education, industrial mis- pp. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell sions, religious movements in that Co., New York. 1920. continent, and the critics of Christian Missions to Negroes. The This book is of value to all in- Africa of tomorrow as nurtured terested in evangelism, or leading under the League of Nations closes young people into living contact the series of topics. It is a piece with Jesus Christ as their Lord of reasoning which ought to appeal and Saviour. It is written by a to students; for facts, arguments, man who has had unusually wide statistics, testimonies of eminent and successful experience in the observers, abound and help the reader to form his own conclusions. (Continued on page 471) 568

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1920

VOL.UME XLII I NUMBER

APRIL 1920 A N.EW INDIA HERBERT ANDERSON RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN SOVIET RUSSIA JEROME DA"IS THE LIFE AND WORK OF A. B. SIMPSON W. M. TURNBULL CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY IN MOSLEM LANDS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI JAMES W. BURTON A CHINESE CHRISTIAN GENERAL JONATHAN GOFORTH 2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW'YORK

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This Eastertide E NJOY the pungent fragrance of Vantine's Temple Incense while nature, aglow with the. blush of spring, welcomes with "perfumed breath of wakening life" this season of hope and gladness. There are few things so characteristic of the fascination :::nd mystery of the beauty-loving lands beyond the Pacifi.c, or. th~t s,~th?!oug~ly satisfy the a:sthetic taste and Imagmatto~a.s·..vantme's· Temple Incense. The dreamy, soothing fragrance of'Van'tine's Temple Incense brings to mind the rosy dawns, the brilliant sunlight, the purple dusks of the Orient-the enchantment!of strange Far Eastern countries, Sold in unique packages at 75C, $1.50 and $3 each, and in sets consisting of incense and artistic Oriental-shape incense burner at $1.50 per set.

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CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1920 Page Signs of the Times and Editorials ……………………………. 241 ANew India …………………. , ……. , … ,By Herbert Anderson 253 Religious Conditions in Soviet Russia ……………. By Jerome Davis 263 The Founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance By W. M. Turnbull 267 A Message from Russian Women,.,., … " .. , .. ,", ….. ".,.,., … 272 The Christian Opportunity in Moslem Lands. , . , . , . ,By S. M. Zwemer 273 The Indian Coolie in Fiji …………………….. By J, W. Burton 276 A Chinese Christian General. … , .. , … , . , . , … ,By Jonathan Goforth 282 Glowing Needles … , . , . , . , . . . . . , … , .. , . , . , . , . , … By Belle M. Brain 289 Best Methods for Christian Americanization. Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk 291 Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin, . , … ,Edited by Mrs, W. H. Farmer 298 News from Many Lands…………………………………… 303 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert It. Speer, President. Prank L.. Brown, Vice-President. Walter McD0(faJ1, Treasurer Delavan ~ Plenon, SecTetail' 2S~~Ii~~~;n 0 ee, Cooperstown, $2.50 y~ year E~itoTial and DU~~:BsYor~cCit;56 Fifth Avenue.

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Copyrighted, 1920 Suppose You Were Blind?

You would appreciate the Bible in a style you could read by touch. A newly-adopted system of printing for the blind, known as the Revised Braille Grade One and a Half, has been approved by two of the leading associations promoting the interests of the blind. .

The American Bible Society has ordered plates and will at once begin printing the Bible in this system.

This makes the thirteenth method of blind reading in which the American Bible Society has supplied the Scriptures at home and abroad.

The Society is supported entirely by voluntary contributions.

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THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Bible House, Astor Place, New York, N. Y.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REvntw 01 THlt WORLD m writing to advertisers The Mysterious Man of the East Another Robert Clive has come to us-another Chinese Gordon-a nother Cortez. His story is strange-his spirit lofty-his power beyond belief.

Imagine a people as simple as children, fierce as ani- mals,loving all wild adventure, roaming vast plains in the mighty majesty of loneliness.

Imagine these people with an a ncien t tradition of culture and learning- of philosophy, science, poetry. Imagine millions of such people in world·old Arabia. To them comes a young lUan-a pink-cheeked young Englishman of twenty-six, an O,{[ord scholar, with the joyous spirit and love of liberty of his Irish a ncestry.

And S lddenly this pink cheeked young man has become the head of a U these Arabs-has led them to a glorious victory over the 'rurks-has dominated them like a God.

No wonder Lloyd George sai d of this man, "Colonel Thomas La wrence is one of the most remarkable and ro- m antic figures of modern times."

His st ory is told by LOWELL THOMAS in ASIA The American MAGAZINE on the Orient This is a tale of wild adventure-colorful as the to Americans who know that the Great Continent Arabian nights, poetic as the Ruhaiyat- but it is so rich in cultural treasures, is about to play ~ more. It is a revelation of a great spirit-a grea t dominant part in world politics and trade. heart-a gTeat mind-of tbat quality~of genius that achieves the unbelievable with ease. Onlv one ASIA, with its v iv id stories, exquisite photographs American knows the whole story. Covent Garden and paintings. and authoritative articles, is a broad was crowded to the doors to hear Lowell Thomas highway into an ench[!nted land of beauty. tell this story- while its hero is again-like all geniuses–<ioing the unexpected. If the love of the Glimpses of Asiatic Missions hero is still with you-if the color and phantasy of life allure you- read this story in ASIA. ASIA covers the missionary field with authorita- tive articles, profUsely illustrated, by Tvler Dennett ASIA is different from a ny other m agazine. It William H. Hall, H . V. Andrews a nd Earl Krcffy. is opening up an oriental mine of compelling interest CONTENTS OF THE APRIL ISSUE Special Introductory Offer / OF "ASIA" / Five Months for a Dollar A Five MontlllJ' Tour of 'he 6ri.ent. / The Soul uf the AraLia.n RevolutieD • by Lowell Tlwma s ASIA sells (or thirty -five cents a copy. / Chincec Political Development – .. .. by J ohn Dewey fl~~~':t::n~~h~ C~tU~~~ ~to"~~'a~~u s~aai~ / Miss. Rev.

Japan~e Toys and Their Association – by S tua rt Culin your subscription with tho April number. / 4·:0 Afghal1io;tan .. – .. – • .. .. – .. .. b1l A. C. Jewett Send the Coupon with Olle Dollar / ASIA Tales of RUI:I-Laud .. – – .. .. – .. .. .. .. Truerl This offer canilot. last long. Send / PUBLISHING Trade wi th Russia • .. .. .. .. – LlI Normtln Hapgood thl. coupon promptly as this edition COMPANY ISiDIJItAe·d·PUBUSH N / / 6~.~·Y::~Cil~··' I·SA The Pas8ing of the Turkish Harem .. by Barnette MiUcr / Sond mo tho next ftvo i"",,, of Bol~be"ism in Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. by Paul S. Reinuh I G/ / Kurd. to (b. R.wue – – – – • by Ed"""d M. Dodd ' num~e;~A ~;,~i~':e':tCI~g $}~;ot~: 'i!~~ ment, in ~c:cordance with rour sPttial Behind tb. Purdah • – – – – – by Ed", Gardener COMPANY / Szechuan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. bll H. K. RichartUGn u fT er. CAnadla n, ' 1·:01 5. F oreliD, J1.40. The United Slat", in Guam • by lWv C. 8mW. 627 Luin,lon An. / / Name________________ __ __________ _ A Vagahond Poel in p.lestine • by J …p/I Ko….

Book Review8 New York / Addr… ___ • __________________ • _______ • ASIA', Travel Log N. Y. / Buoin… orPror…..on.________ • ____ _____________.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY R£vltw OF 'tllE WORLD in writing to advertisers $7,318,303.00 This is the budget of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for the year 1920-1921. as approved by the Executive Commission of the General Assembly-to be secured through the New Era Movement.

To carryon the normal work will require $3,933,938.95 (or about $1,000,000 more than a year ago) To expand the work, enlarge the mission- ary force, provide urgently needed property; open new stations and care for many other obligations will require $3,384,364.05 Total immediate obligations $7,318,303.00 Additional amount authorized to be secured through the Interchurch World Movement Campaigns $11,937,626.00 (To expand the work to a greater extent, equip institutions and enter unoccupied fie~ds.) The need 01 the world is appalling. The responsibility of the Presbyterian Church is great. The Church must face the facts and meet the need.

Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York Plf'A~t": rnention THlt MISSIONARY Rl:V[]~W 01 'l'H:£ WORI.D in writing to advertisers EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS NEW BOOKS CHAT The Annual Meeting By His Eldest Son The annual meeting of the Missionary Review Publishing Company was held at The Reminiscences of Daniel 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, at three- Bliss thirty p. m. on February 1, 1920. Mr Robert E. Spee, presided at the opening The memories and reminiscences of the first president of the meeting. of the farnom; Syrian Protestant College at Beirut. Intereating and entertaining, it h the record of what a man of The Treasurer's report was very enhigh motive can effect in 3. tift"-tirne of devotion to the UP'" couraging, as it showed an increase of twenty per cent in income for 1919 over lift and betterment of humanity. that of the preceding year. In spite of Cloth. In press HUGH PAYNE GREELEY, M. D.

FLORETTA ELMORE GREELEY the necessarily large increase in expenses, Workal1d Play in the Gren- owing to the advance in costs· in every fell Mission direction, the financial condition is as favorable as it was a year ago. With Introduction by Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell. The Secretary's report showed that new subscriptions received during the year New light on the work of the Grenfell Mil:lsion in Labra- were forty per cent of the number on our dor. Mrs. Greeley's letters a.re filled with vividly written books in January, 1919. The three special aecC)unts of life lived under the "Drimitive conditions existent issues, the Temperance Number (May) on Pilley's Island, whiJe her husband's diary tells of the the Medical Missions Number (October) difficulties overcome and the benefioent work accomplished among fisher folk in an isolated, out-of-the-WAY corner of the world.

Illustrated, net, $1.50 and the Home Missions Number (Novem- MARGARET McGlLVARY ber) called for special editions. The growth in the influence of the "Review" Darkness and Dawn in Syria is shown by the large number of commen- A deeply inter-eating account of what happened in Syria datory letters received from readers, and during the past five years. Authentic data vouched for by the extent to which it is quoted by peri- odicals all over the world. Through these reliable and credible witnesBes, and, in the main, within the quotations the message of the "Review" personal knowledge of the author. This book possesses reached at least 750,000 additional readers. historical. ~sionary and political significance of more than ordinary value.

Illuetmted, cloth. In press F. McKENZIE Author 0/ "The Tragedy The Moslem World Quarterly, published by this Company by special arrangement oj Korea" with Dr. S. M. Zwemer, and without Korea's Fight for Freedom "Do not l1'emaln uninformed about Korea. An amazing financial obligation or advantage to the human drama has been staged there in recent months. "Review," has also had an encouraging The story of Japan's intrigues, aggressions and brutalities year and is increasing its number of sub- scribers and its influence. in Korea has been fragmentary. It is now told thoroughly and in detail by a Journalist in a oonvlneing and a straight· forward volume."-Baltimore Sun.

Cloth, net, $2.00 The following were elected to the * ~OBERT E. SPEER says," "Exceedingly interest- Board of Directors for the ensuing 'Ing .. '" most reJreskinfJ, li'&ing and quic1cen- year: Prof. Harlan P. Beach, Frank L. inrJ letters. 1t Brown, Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Walter McDougall, Mrs. H. W. Letters of Donald Hankey Author 0/ .. A Student in Arms" Peabody, Delavan L. Pierson, Fleming H.

Introduction and Notes by Edward Miller, Revell, Dickinson W. Richards, Robert E. M.A. Speer, and Charles R. Watson.

As a further revelation of the personality of the In$Jl who The meeting was addressed by Rev. Alwrote "A Student in ArlDa," these personal letters possess fred Williams Anthony, D. D., Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council, an interest diffieult to overestimate. They eover Hankey's who spoke on "Talking Points on Home college days. lLnd the fateful months he spent in France as one of the immortal "First Hundred Thousand."

Cloth, net, $2.50 Missions." and by Rev. Arthur J. Brown, FLEMING H. REVELL D. D., Secretary of the Presbyterian COMPANY, Board of Foreign Missions, who gave an address on "Some Outstanding Present 15S Fifth Ave., New York Day Problems in Foreign Lands." 17 N~ Wabash Ave.,Chicago Respectfully submitted, Dlll,AVAN L. PrllRsoN, Secretary.

Pl€;ase mention Tlut MISSIONAlty R~vntw OJ' TH. WORLD in writing to advertisers EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS Beautify Your Ground. CHAT BY ERECTING EXCEPTION TAKEN GERMAN MISSIONS AND THlI BRITISH DODSON BIRD HOUSES Dr. W. H. Griffith Thomas, one of the Th"Y are not only attractive In appe….ance. bu. are unsu rwphaiscshednofogrroguivnidnsg that touch o f beauty without ""e complete.

esteemed members of our Editorial Coun- Dodson Bird Houae. '. ii, writes as follows concerning the translation of the article in our February moUld be put ou t now 10 ILl to number entitled "A German Plea for become woathBrOd and ready German Missions": for the bird. whon they return and are looldng for a Dll8t1q "With every desire to be strictly fair to the Germans and to allow Christians alto. in the Allied countries to see the German standl'oint, there are some statements in Dodson Bird Hou. . win the the article which seem to me to need cor- blrdll booause they are bunt b7 rection, so that your readers may be able • bird lov…. who h… _pont a .to consider' both sides. It is not true to life time In ItudYinc thaIr say that the English attempted "to deal habit. and how to a_ a death blow to German missionary work them to bea.utlful "Bird in all parts of the world," or that it was Lodge," hII home 00 the Kantheir desire or determination to "eradicate .r':on.t:e:I:'. .!t: I kakee River. German Missions everywhere" in those b 1 g h-,1 8 ~!~ Dodson Bird Hou._ …. In.""l~~ ~A., oelontlflcally bunt, are cate- fullY ventilated without drat. Price, _ _ $6.00 and other detalll …./1 attended t. 0, b. KaDltoloe, ID, to, DOO"""""7 to attract til-. feathered beautlll8.

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parts of the world ruled by England. JOSEPH H. DODSON. President "The British Governmeot has felt led to of the American Audubon Aseoclation put limitations on German Missions both m. lWHft 781,6.,S.". ,H. nararpgO..D….A._ve., K.. a'n"ka_ k_ _. _ in India and Africa because there are ett_ ,…,,_ _. """' $8.00 abundant proofs that German missionaries were often Germans first and missionaries afterward. The work of Missions will go on unhindered so far as the British Gov- ernment is concerned, except in those Victor Portable Stereopticon cases where it has been found necessary for the above rea!'<m to remove German The choice 01 thousands nllssionaries and to place the work under 01 clergymen other societies. But this does not mean (For use with or without electtic current) 'extermination.'

"I say nothing about the entire absence from the article of any consciousness of wrong-doing in India and Africa as per- petrated by German missionaries, nor is there the slightest hint of German error in chaml'ioning the cause of Islam, that deadliest foe of Christian missions. Per- haps it was scarcely to be expected that This is an era of visualization these things should have been admitted by our German brethren, but at least the Visualize Allied workers among your readers should Religious and Edueational Studies be reminded of what has actually taken place." BY Victor Standard Featherweight Slide Subjects DllI,AY OF MARCH NUMBER Our Slide Library contains over The havoc wrought by the February 18,000 Subjects and progresses with blizzard was responsible for the non- the changing demand. delivery of the paper for printing the regular edition of the March RJlVIlw. Special Slides made from any Copy. This caused the Interchurch World Movement Number to be about ten days late in Catalogues and Trial Terms mailed reaching subscribers, and the Editor and upon request. his staff wish to express their appreciation for the forbearance of the magazine's THE MANUFACTURERS friends in this unfortunate situation. VICTOR ANIMATOGRAPH COMPANY (Incorporated) 216 Victor Bldg. DAVENPORT, IOWA Please mention THlC MISSIONARY R.J:VItW 011 Tn. WORJ..D in writing to advertisers

li:VIDF;NCF; OF ANTAGONISM TO THF; ORTHODOX CHURCH ~N

The Sacred F;lltrance to the Kremlin in Moscow, after it had been stormed and taken by the Bolshevild

MISSIONARY

MEW'

APRIL,1920 N1JJIIID FOUR A NATIONAL CHURCH FOR INDIA N OT ONLY is there much agitation for self-government in India and for church union among Christian denominations, but these two ideals are united in a growing desire for a national, self-governing Christian Church. This may be premature, for the Indian Christians are not yet self-supporting. They have not a sufficient number of mature leaders, 'and all Christian sects combined number only about one per cent of the population. The desire for such a national Church is, however, growing and is the sign of the increasing self-confidence of a vigorous youth.

This movement is not in any sense a revolt against. foreign missionary influence, but is, on the contrary, an acknowledgment of the benefits received from missionary work. The movers in tbis agitation express the desire to have Christianity, which originated in Asia, take on its oriental form and not be controlled by occidental ideals of government, worship and service. Mr; G. S. Doraiswamy, an Indian Christian, has expressed the view of many of his compatriots in a recent number of the Christia~ Patriot of Madras. He says: .

"Christianity in India wears a foreign garb. When Christianity went from the East to West it became a natural and nationltl religion of the West. .But when it was brought to the farther East, it continued in its Western form. Thoughtful Indians have often pondered over this question, and now and then we hear groans from patriotic Indians who ask why Christianity should not be made a religion suitable to the national spirit and heritage of India.

"The 'Church of India' should be a nationalized form of. Christianity which contains all the essentials of the religion and 241

adopts a uniform method of worship. It ought to preserve the heritage of India and encourage the high and low alike to come into its fold. At the same time it. ought not to alienate its adherents as a newly created caste or half-caste. If we are serious and earnest in evangelizing India we cannot afford to ignore the above fundamental ideas. To ignore theS'e any further will not be conducive to the healthy growth of the Indian Christian Church, both internally and externally II … ..

"W~ must secure the good-will and cooperation of Jour foreign missionaries, because we still need them for the evangelization of India. Their influence among the Christian mass is overwhelming. Further, it is impossible to attempt any alterations in our churches' without their assistance … … …

"Sollie of our later-day missionaries' have either partly forgotten their past traditions or imbibed the spirit of the ruling (British) classes. Want of toleration and unwillingness to part with power on the one side, and the new born spirit of independenc.e and nationalism on the other, often cause unpleasantness. If Indian Christians aspire to greater responsibilities, it is surely a glorious achievement of the missionary enterprise. But all missionaries are not prepared to make that sacrifice. With the ambition of creating a 'Church of India' they must wholeheartedly cooperate with Indian leaders • II …

"The first thing is to ascertain from the various missions what doctrines and beliefs they hold as essential for the salvation of man according to the Christian faith. Representatives from all ohurches should then meet and deoide on the essentials of Christianity, forms of worship, divine service and such other matters on national lines."

It seems probable that, in view of the spirit of nationalism developing in many lands, some such program may be adopted in rndia, China, Japan and other countries where Christianity is firmly established.

A WOMEN'S MISSION CONFERENCE AT SHANGHAI F ROM an educational standpoint, the recent Women's Confero . ence in Shanghai, China, (January 2 to 8) has been called the most important meeting ever held in Shanghai. It was com- posed of prominent American and Chinese women and was held un- der the auspices of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. "The spirit of enlightened service which inspired the calling of the meeting remained its guiding force and made its findings unique in the history of women's missions to the Far East," writes Miss Elsie McCormick who describes the con- ference.

19201 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

The seven commissions, making up the Women's Deputation from the United States, were led by women of national distinction, while delegates from China included some of the most conspicuously succe&sful women on the mission field. The head of the Oollegiate Education Commission was President Ellen F. Pendleton of Welles- ley College; the leader of the Secondary Education Commission was Miss Charlotte Conant, principal of Walnut Hill School, Natick, Mass., and Dr. Gertrude M. Walker, formerly of the faculty of Phila- delphia Women's Medical College, was chairman of the Medical Commission. Other members of the Commission were Miss Amelia Josephine Burr, the poet; Miss Nellie Prescott, secretary of the Women's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society j Miss Ernestine Friedman, social service expert for the American National Y. W. C. A.; and Miss Helen Calder, secretary of the Congregational Woman's Board of Missions. Seven provinces of China and thirty-one Protestant Mission boards and societies were represented.

Among the leading features of the conference were the following, as reported by Miss McCormick: (1) Repeated requests for interdenominational secretaries with duties of national scope, such as a Christian Literature secretary, a home economics expert, an instructor in translation who could train Chinese girls for this work and a specialist in religious education to give intensive training to missionaries already on the field. .

(2) A tendency to link social service with evangelism and make every church member a worker for community welfare appeared in the reports of two commissions. This tendency to express faith by works should be given impetus throughout the Chinese Church.

(3)· More adequate support for the two union colleges for women from the boards at home in the matter of staff, buildings and other equipment. It decided it was inadvisable for Chinese girls to go abroad for undergraduatB work, as it is an exceptional student who can remain away from home for five or six years and adapt her- self readily to the conditions of Oriental life on her return.

(4) A union bilingual medical college for women to serve the needs of northern and central China.

(5) A secretary with medic~l training appointed by every women's foreign mission board, these secretaries combining to form a medical board to have general supervision of the staffing and equip- ping of medical schools and hospitals in the foreign field.

Feeling that women's missions deserve more recognition than has hitherto been given to them, the conference urged the appoint- ment of women secretaries to national committees and organizations, such a·s the China Continuation Committee and the China Christian Literature Council. .

TURKISH ATROCITIES AND CHRISTIAN FORBEARANCE O NE point at which the Allies have failed thus far is in the res- toration of peace and security in Asia Minor. In spite of the complete defeat of Turkey and the talk of disarming the Turks, there have come repeated reports of further atrocities on the Christian populace in Marash, Adana, Sivas, Aintab, Alexandretta and elsewhere. The French have replaced the British in Cilicia and the disapproval of the Turks and Arabs at this step seems to be one cause of the trouble. Some reports received at Washington mention the massacre of 20,000 Armenians in Cilicia and great danger threatened to one hundred and fifty thousand Armenians in that region.

The gravity of the situation in Cilicia, Syrian Turkey, was emphasized in reports made public by the State Department in Washington on February 29th: "The following information has been received from a reliable source. " 'The Turks cut the railroad beyond Adana. Fighting began near Marash on January 20, between French and Turkish troops. On the same day an American car proceeding to Aintab and having five Americans and a French officer as passengers, was fired upon by Turks. On the following day in Marash a battle began between Turks and French imd did not cease Defore the 10th instant, when the French withdrew, owing to the fact that they were greatly outnumbered by the Turks. " 'Prior to the beginning of the regular fighting between the French and the .Turks, the latter had commenced massacring Armenians at Marash and vicinity. Turks have destroyed the Armenian parts of the city, as well as the churches.

" 'At Marash Americans were running a Rescue Home for Armenian girls.

That house was sacked and the eighty-five girls were murdered. On the same day, February 7th, the mountain cottage of the missionaries, as well as the building of the Near East Farm, were burned. .

" 'Americans in the American college at Marash were fired upon, and when they offered to mediate between the Turks and the French, the former sent them a letter stating that this was not a local, but a national affair, and that the demand of the Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish National Army was that the French should surrender; "'The following Americans left Marash with refugees and arrived at Adana-safely on the 15th instant: Mr. Crathem and Misses Dougherty, Elfin, Powers and Shultz.''' .

In the meantime American Christians continue to feed and clothe the suffering Armenians, while America as a nation refuses to share in the responsibility for preventing further atrocities.

The Turks have not yet learned their lesson. The opinion of the civilizeq. world, the defeat of Turkish forces b:, allied armies, the conditions of the treaties of peace, have all failed to bring about a change of heart or an abandonment of their progra m to exterminate Christians in Moslem lands. The leniency of the Allies is construed as fear and wealmesls. Though the Turkish anny and navy are to be abolished, the Sultan is to be left in posf{(lssion of Constantinople

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

and the sacred places in Europe and Asia are to be left in the hands of the Turks. Even the former Christian Church of St. Sophia and possibly the other sacred places stolen from the Christians in Palestine and Asia Minor, are to be preserved to Moslems.

A dispatch, dated March 11, reports that Prince Feisal, son of the King of the Hejaz (Arabia) has been proclaimed King of Syria, including Palestine and Northern Mesopotamia. Such a Mohammedan government would have a great influence on the future of Christian missions in Syria and Palestine.

The only hope for abiding peace between Moslem and Christians is a change of heart on the pad of the former. When 4-rabs and Turks come to know God as he if:! revealed in Jesus Christ and follow the Son of God in place of the Prophet of Arabia, then and not until then, can harmony prevail in the Near East.

CONDITIONS IN MEXICO C HRISTIAN churches of the United States maintain mission- ary work in Mexico because the conditions need reform and . the people need regeneration. But there is danger in exaggerating the political disorders from which Mexic~ suffers. Dr. G. B. Winton, of the 44Committee on Cooperation in Latin America" spent most of last October in Mexico and found conditions far quieter and more nearly normal than the papers of the United States represent them. The country has a sound currency of gold and silver, and a year of abundant crops. Wages have generally risen and though the cost of living is higher, Mexico has profited by the era of high prices. The government has succeeded in suppressing rebellion except· in thinly settled regions. There is. still a good deal of banditry but most of it is robbery, from which the United States is far from free. Trains are run regularly on all the main lines of railway and on most of the branch lines. Occasionally one is wrecked by rebels or bandits.

As an offset to the general unrest there is a marked reaction against militarism and the drift of sentiment is' such that a resort to arms in connection with a contested election would be universally frowned upon. Even the government is finding it difficult to keep its ranks of soldiers fall. The country is weary of war. In the coming election next summer Carranza is not a candidate to succeed himself and he and Obregon are on excellent terms with each other.

Rumors and alleged data as to Mexican affairs are calculated to mislead and inflame American opinion. They are played up consistently by the papers, while real information and corrections are suppressed or minimized. Missionaries write from Mexico that the 44terrible situation" is largely imaginary, and that armed invasion will only make matters worse. War would unite aU Mexican factions against the United States and would cause

bandits and snipers to be lauded as patriots. The average Mexican is half Indian. The nation as a nation has the Indian's stoicism, his valor, and, on occasion, his ferocity.

What Mexico needs is training, education; but if the United State conquered Mexico she would be embittered against all such work. American churches could not go to Mexico in the wake of an army and successfully offer the Gospel of peace. American soldiers could impose a military government but this would be considered "foreign tyranny," and hated therefor. No government set up by the United States would be satisfactory to the Mexicans. They object to dictation.

Bitterness of language, criticisms, threats and hostility are alienating Mexico and all Latin America. Such an attitude on the part of the public press in America throws obstacles in the way of missionary and philanthropic endeavor. On the other hand, if we can make the Mexicans our friends we can do much to help them solve their problems. The Christians and the chnrch press in the United States should help to keep the peace.

, A PROGRAM FOR NEGRO BETTERMENT T HERE are many views of the causes and cures for the Negro problem in America. Most of the suggested solutions depend on industrial and intellectual betterment. These reforms are needed, bnt they are not all that is essential. The Home Missions Council program for 'Work for Negroes involves the following fea- tures: 1. Denominational papers are asked to present the subject of race adjustment at frequent intervals, and ministers are requested to preach upon the subject in order to guide their congregations toward a sympathetic and active spirit of cooperation with Negroes.

2. The pronouncement issued by the Federal Council of Churches includes the following principles (as already stated in the REVIEW) :.

(1) Equal protection of life and property. (2) Economic justice with equal opportunities for labor and equitable pay. (3) Sanctity of home and womanhood preserved. (4) Adequate facilities for recreation and wholesome amuse- ment and entertainment. (5) Equal traveling accommodations for equal pay. (6) Adequate educational facilities furnished by Government, both state and nation. (7) Same qualifications for franchise applicable to all races. (8) In industrial centers where the two races are each in con- siderable numbers, committees to be formed on inter-racial welfare, composed of representatives of both races.

3. Conferences of responsible persons will be held in selected

cities. The need of special home mission work is in northern industrial centers.

4. A local program will be shaped along the following lines. of need; (a) what new churches for Negroes are needed? (b) what new equipment is needed for the churches to enable them better to serve the Negro population? (c) what new forms of service are needed ¥ (d) what interdenominational agencies are needed'

5. The Home Missions Council will undertake to set in operation agencies which may meet the needs, laying responsibility upon local agencies and calling in the aid of outside organizations, if reqUired.

The Virginia program, proposed by the Negro Organization Society of Virginia and the Negro Teachers' Association, calls for a better spirit of cooperation among Negroes and for better teachers and schools for the race. They ask for educational campaigns to be waged through press and pulpit and mass meetings and for a larger opportunity for self respecting Negroes to live their own lives amid surroundings which will enable them to bring up their children decently.

There are signs of awakenings among the intelligent Negroes that promise a higher type of leaders among them. These leaders seek not social fellowship with the white race but the right to live and work as civilized people.

THE PASTORS' CONFERENCES F IFTY Pastors' Conferences were held in forty-eight states under the auspices of the Interchurch World MoveJ.llent between Feb- ruary 16th and March 19th. These were addressed by members of six teams that went from place to place holding three-day conEerences in each place. It is estimated that the total attendance of pastors was over forty thousand. Meetings for women were held simultaneously.

The Pennsylvania Conference, which was attended by 1,700 clergymen, adopted a set of findings which, in part, declared: "The crowning justification of the Interchurch WorId Movement is the opportunity that is given to each denomination to functi on for Christ on the broadest scale without the sacrifice of any of its authority."

Three hundred church women met at Nampa, Idaho, at the same time the pastors of Idaho were in conference at Boise. Fully 90 per cent of the ministers of the cooperating churches in that State at:' tended the Boise meeting. The ministers of Arizona met in Phoenix, February 24, and more than 50 per cent of the clergy attended the first day and the next day 75 per cent were present. The Connecticut Conference was held in Hartford, with nearly 300 ministers at the first session. The New Mexico Conference, at Albuquerque, was unique in that American Indians, Negro Americans and Americans of Spanish descent were largely represented. Eighty-five per cent of

the State's clergy attended. The Indians were dressed in their tribal costumes and told what Christianity had done for their people. At the Iowa Conference, which convened in Des Moines, 1,275 ministers registered. Reports from other pastors' conferences tell of growing interest and a general, though not universal desire to cooperate.

THE REVISED INTERCHURCH BUDGET CANADA has already had her united financial campaign under the Interchurch Forward Movement. The results have been most encouraging. The total sum asked for by Presbyterians, Methodists, Church of England, Baptists and Congregationalists was $12,000,000. The amount reported pledged up to date for the coming year is approximately $15,000,000 for Home and Foreign Missions, and for church, educational and philanthropic enterprises. The cam- paign for life enlistment has not yet been completed.

As to the financial campaign in the United States, at Atlantic City the total askings of the Interchurch WorId Movement reached a total of $326,107,837 in one year, or over $1,300,000,000 on a five year basis (omitting some items after the first year). This amount included the estimates of the needs of all the cooperating denominations for Home and Foreign Missions, Religious Education, Church Boards of Education, Hospitals, Homes and Ministerial Support. These estimates have now been revised and the askings reduced to the figures shown on the accompanying tables. . According to these figures the total amount of the budget to be paid in 1920 for thirty cooperating denominations is $175,448,349. This, however, includes $21,000,000 Methodist money already pledged. The total campaign budget for 1920, including some five year programs, is $336,777,572. The largest amounts are those asked by the Northern Baptist, the Methodist Episcopal, the. Presbyterian (north) and the United Presbyterian Churches. The askings for foreign missions are $107,661,488, or over three times the amount received in any previous year.

PLAN FOR METHODIST UNION T HE separation of Methodists North and South because of the .slavery question more than half a century ago 'seems an an- achronism in the present day of movements toward union. Recently a joint commission of the two churches met at Louisville, Ky., and unanimously adopted a plan for a merger, which is to be submitted at once to the general conferences of both communions for final decision. The plan as presented calls for seven regional conferences, six on territorial lines, the seventh to include the entire Negro constituencY'which numbers over 300,000. A Council of Fifteen will constitute the 'supreme authority of this united body, which is to have the single name Methodist. The whole membershilp of the' two churches is about 6,000,000.

@EDXTORllAL COMMlENl":® J,. '

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THE OIJD AND THE NEW M EN 'S t~oughts a~d plans are constantly changing. The wor.ld to-day IS very dIfferent from the world of St. Paul's time. Many customs of society are different. Polgamy and slavery are no longer countenanced by the State. Industrial conditions have changed with the growth of modern business and the introduction of modern machinery. The mingling of many nationalities in large centers and present day democratic ideas bring new problems. There are those who say that consequently methods of Christian work must be to day radically different from the methods employed by Christ and his Apostles, or even from those in use fifty years ago. They say that while personal evangelism and a preaching ministry was the main dependence then, social evangelism must be the chief method nbW. Whereas formerly we were content with saving individuals out of the wreck of society, now we must seek to save the social wreck itself. As a result, work must be done on a larger scale. The Church must attack evil wholesale, seeking to reform the social order, to right all industrial wrongs, to educate the ignorant, abolish poverty, stamp out the social evjl, direct national and international politics-in a word, must do all the work that the state should do and has failed to accomplish.

There is in this program a strong appeal to the sense of brotherly love. It is based on Christian idealism but is it based altogether on sound Christian reasoning ~ Is the unchristian world so different today from the non-Christian world of the first century1 The root of every evil is still sin, it is selfishness and a disregard of the laws of God. Impurity is almost as rampant as in Corinth; commercialism is as greedy of gain as in ancient Rome. There are more people who accept Christian standards but the same evil root exists in the world and bears fruit in evil deeds today as of old.

Is there then any different remedy that will be efficacious for the same old disease1 The individual heart must be reached and purified and enlightened by Jesus Christ before any permanent and true betterment can come in home or business, in the nation or the world. The real power to effect a true transformation must be divine and not human. The method of Jesus and of Paul cannot be surpassed.

At the same time there is an added responsibility resting on the Church today because of its greater strength and larger resources. Work should be cQnducted.on a larger scale, with more perfect equipment, and with reference to the experience of past history. Where one man went out alone a hundred years ago one hundred men should 249

go out together to evangelize and teach today. Where formerly missionaries were mostly confined to pioneer work, in evangelism to- day they should devote more of their energies to the training of a strong, intelligent, self-supporting native Christian Church. It is the purpose and should be in the program of organized Christianity to raise the standard of living in the home and in the community, but this can only be done by bringing the individual to God.

THE RELIGIOUS TEST FOR STUDENT ASSOCIATIONS W HATEVER affects the students of the country seriously af- fects the future Christian leadership. Most of the colleges founded in the early days of American history were established to train Christian ministers. Today, education has been largely secularized and religion, especially the Christian religion, is left out of the education of many who are being trained for leadership in the nation. It is therefore of extreme importance that the organizations that attempt to bring Christian influences to bear on the young men and young women of our institutions of learning shall not o:nly be thoroughly and strongly Christian in every respect, but that they shall link up as many as possible of the students to evangelical churches. To this end Church members should have the direction of the student Association work, and the students should leave their schools and colleges prepared to entere into active Christian work in the churches.

It is then an important question whether the national Young Women's Christian Association Oonvention, which is to be held in Cleveland, April 13 to 20, shall maintain t):le evangelical church membership test for membership in student Associations. This test requires that active, or voting members of all Young Women's Christian Associations shall be members of evangelical churches. At the national Convention in Richmond in-1913, a committee was formed to frame a basis for a personal declaration for membership in student Associations, to be used at the option of such Associations. This basis was submitted to the Convention at Los Angeles in 1915, and was accepted by a majority vote. It must, however, pass two Conventions by a two-thirds vote before adoption as a constitutional change.

The proposed student amendment entitles any woman of the institution to full membership in the Association, provided that she is in sympathy with the purpose of the Association and that she makes the declaration: "It is my purpose to live as a tme follower of the Lord Jesus Christ." The purpose is stated to be to lead students to faith in God through Jesus Christ; into membership and service in the Christian Church; to promote growth in Christian faith and character through Bible study; and to .influence students to devote themselves to making the Will of Chris,t effective in human society and to extending the Kingdom of God throughout the world.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

This is excellent if rightly interpreted. The danger lies in the fact that the local leaders will put different interpretation upon the conditions of membership, and may admit Roman Catholics, Unitarians, and Christian Scientists to full voting membership, thus changing the evangelical character of the Association.

The Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations are enterprises of the Protestant Christian Church. They are based on faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Saviour of man, and membership should carry with it not only sympathy with but full belief in the other distinctive evangelical Christian teachings. The purpose of the Association is to serve others who may not hold these same beliefs, and to lead them to Christ, but it is not necessary that they become voting members in order that they may enjoy all the benefits of the Association. It seems better to many deeply interested in the work that a clear line should be drawn between those who accept Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour, and those who look upon Him as a human teacher and example; or who give a different interpretation to Bible teaching from that accepted by evangelical churches.

Membership based on an individual declaration of "purpose"- not a covenant-will practically mean the formation of a new Church, an organization with its own separate standard of faith and purpose. The Christian movement is not strengthened by letting down the standards of faith and life below those of the New Testament. According to this personal test members are not required to accept the deity of Jesus Christ, or to take Him as their personal Lord and Saviour.

Among the bodies that have registered a protest against such a change in the membership basis are the General Assemblies of the Northern and Southern Presbyterian Churches and of the United Presbyterian Church, the Board of Bishops and the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, South, and the Women's Foreign Missionary. Society of the Methodist Church, North.

This is a time for raising the standard of loyalty to Christ and not for lowering it so as to admit to the management any who are nnconvinced and unconverted.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MISSIONS IN JAPAN A DEPUTATION from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions went to Japan in 1918 'to study the situation and to see where the work may be improved. They have made some recommendations that will appeal to all interested in the welfare of Japan and the development of missions there. Among these recommendations are the following: (1) That Christians unite in special prayer and thanksgiving in commemoration of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of

Protestant Missions in Japan. The Christian Church should set itself with renewed purpose and zeal to complete the task of evangelizing the Japanese.

(2) That the Japanese Church be developed more adequately and that especial attention be' given to those stations and districts where the people show the greatest readiness to receive the Gospel. This will mean also that the country fields be given precedence over large cities for general missionary work.

(3) That some moderate sized city be selected to develop as a demonstration center-a model for evangelistic work, Christian schools and social service institutions.

(4) That a Field Secretary be appointed to serve as a point of contact between Missions and the native Church to have oversight of unoccupied stations and to help promote general efficiency.

(5) That young college men be sent to Japan for short term .service to assist Japanese pastors in special work, and that other young men and young women be sent out as missionary leaders.

(6) That Japanese pastors and other Christian leaders be urged to come to America for advanced study.

'(7) That the problems of social reconstruction be given earnest study and that Japanese effort to solve these problems be encouraged and supported, and that certain missionaries be set aside to cooperate in such social service as may be admillistered by Japanese.

(8) That the leadership and responsibility of the Japanese Church be increasingly honored by the mission, and that ultimately the Mission should become an integral part of the native Church.

(9) That the principles of comity be recognized and the Japanese churches be urged to adopt a constructive comity program.

(10) That church unity in both spirit and effort be urged upon the Japanese Christian Church; and that union plans be fostered in evangelistic, educational and social work.

He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad. Matt. xii. 30.

This is an arresting thought. You know how it is with influence.

You utter a word; it goes forth and the sound dies out; but in some life that word's meaning has gone home, and become a permanent part of the world's history. It is taken down and recorded. It lasts. We can help or hinder God. We are always either for Him or against Him.

If we be against him, by so much as our personal influence counts, by so much are we making it harder for Him to realize His benevolent aims. On the other hand, if we love and obey Him, if we stand loyally for Him in the midst of an unbelieving generation, we do add some- thing to the total of those good forces which are at work in the world, and by so much we actually help him.-REv. HARRIS E. KIRK, D. D., Baltimore, M. D.

S7-ATISTICS OF ORGA.NIZED RELIGIOUS BODIES IN THE UNITED

NAil. Sunda!l Sunday School Churche8 Ministers Members Schools MemOOrs Adventists (5 bocllee) 2,772 1,526 123,143 3,177 113,629 Albanian Orthodox Church 2 3 410 as1,,040000 Amana SocleQ' 14 73 2,196 40 3,315 A.postolic Christian Church 52 Apostolic Faith Movement 24 26 611 16 769 RELIGIOUS STATISTICS FOR THE UNITED STATES iAmerlcan Rescue Workers 29 30 .1;; 499 T HE accompanying report, published by the Federal Council of Armenian Apostolic Church 34 17 27,450 7 682 Churches, does not give us reason to believe that America is to become immediately and -thoroughly Christian, but the total Assemblies of God a1,OOO 967 6,703 81 4,839 number of churches shows an increase of 6,400 in the past three years and a growth of nearly 4,000 ministers and 3,000,000 members. Some Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church 2 1 788 allowance may be made for a difference in the method of gathering statistics. lIahal Movement 57 '16,086 2,884 -' 4,305,170 Baptists (21 bodies) 61,992 7,598,280 The organizations vary in size from two or three organized 48,748 churches and 91 to 300 members to 67,000 churches and 7,800,000 Brethren (German Bapt. Dunkers) (5 bodlee) 122,932 1,204 119,706 members. 1,262 37,67 13,717 The grand totals show an aggregate of 44,788,036 persons asso- I3rethren (Plymouth) 470 5,389 261 12,813 eiated with Protestant, Jewish and Roman Catholic bodies. Of these the Roman Catholic Church claims 17,549,324 (including children). Brethren, River (3 bodies) 112 248 a660 71 6,180 About one in two in the United States is an avowed Protestant and one in six or seven a member of the Roman Catholic Church. The to- Bulgarian Orthodox Church 4 3 2,768 4 192 tal of 44,788,036 could be swollen by adding adherents of Protestant Catholic Apostolic Churches (2 bod…) churches. This would bring the number of persons identified with Chrlstadelphlans 13 13 2,922 79 3,101 organized religion in this country to something over 70,000,000 or about two-thirds of the entire population. As to the other one-third Christian and Missionary Alliance 145 9,625 11,077 who have no connections, it should not be forgotten that at least onehalf of them are children. Nevertheless there are enough people 166 114 161 wholly outside of the Christian Church and not followers of Jesus Christ to challenge the Church to greater efforts in evangelism. Chris. Cath. Churcl1 in Zion 105,310 963 76,055 j::hris. Ch., Amer. Chris. ConTentioa 1,204 1,0<17 Toose figures show that the loss in the number of Sunday-school Christian Congregation 3,000 15 1,650 pupils is 596,534, instead of over three million, as was reported. The 15 28 i~crease in the number of Sunday-schools is 5,013. Christian Uni<m 13,692 220 211 173 13,061 While no figures have been reported to show the increase for Church of Christ, Scientist missions and other general benevolences, it is known that on account j::hurch of Daniel's Band 1,589 2 of the sums raised by Methodists, Presbyterians an,!1 other bodies during the past year, these figures have far outstripped those of any Church of God 3 16 100 70 previous year. 429 490 12,012 232 7,796 57 Ph. of God and Saints of Christ (Col.) 94 101 3,311 1,783 Ch. of God. as Org. by Christ 23 18 227 Church of the Nazarene 999 844 35,041 990 50,397 4 Church of Universal Messianic Message 5 4 266 3 93 Church Transcendent 3 2 91 104 Churches of Christ (independenO 317,937 3,441 183,022 5,570 2,507 leh. of God. in N. A., Gen. Eldership 458 4,19 25,847 413 37,952 Ch. of the Living God (Col.) (2 bodiea) 184 450 14,050 88 1,925 14 Churches of the New Jerusalem (2 bodies) 116 134 7,252 358 Congregationalists 6,019 5,722 808,122 5,804 709,859 Disciples of Christ 8,912 6,031 1,193,423 8,643 961,723 Evangelical Association Evangelical Prot, Ch. of N. A. 1,729 1,327 159,310 1,700 222,793 Evangelical Synod of N. A. 37 34 17,962 38 8,792 gree Chris. Zion Ch. of Christ (Col.) 1,385 ·1,131 352,644 1,301 141;015 – rlends (4 bodies) 35 29 6,225 35 3,699 861 699 107,422 754 56,615 reek Orthodox Church 115 115 119,871 11 1,115 lfephzibah Faith Miss. Assoc. 12 38 352 12 583 lfoliness Church 33 28 926 21 791 1 Holiness Methodist Church 7 8 460 390 International Holiness Church 152 325 640 11,000 8,975 Jewish 784 108.534 ~tter Day Saints (2 bodies) 2,960 a260,OOO ithuanian National Catholic Ch. utherans (20 bodies) 1,740 9,790 494,388 1,892 227,796 ennonltes (16 bodies) 1 ethodlsts (17 bodies) 7 3 7,343 142 15,638 9,731 2,451,997 10,255 954,115 1,488 887 46,364 82,722 697 42,236 67,493 7,867,863 69,078 7,287,381 etropolitan Church. Association 7 122 704 3 458 Missionary Church ASSOCiation 25 59 1,554 29 3,343 Moravians (3 bodies) 18,006 194 209 30,675 147 Non-Sectarian Churches of Bible Faith 58 26 2,273 12 571 6 Old Catholic Churches (2 bodies) 19 19 34,025 840 Peniel Missions 10 33 257 4 81 Pentecost Bands of the World 8 250 7 350 Pentecostal Holiness Church 192 282 5,353 143 8,143 Pillar of Fire 23 133 722 24 a775 Polish National Catholic Ch. 34 45 28,245 27 2,967 Presbyterians (10 bodies) 16,066 14,523 2,243,678 14,627 1,847,945 Protestant Episcopal ChUrch 8,103 5,677 1,065,825 5,790 435,761 Reformed Episcopal Church 60 7,750 65 65 11,806 Reformed (4 bodies) 535,040 2,758 484,548 2,779 2,236 Roman Catholic Church 10,460 20,588 17,549,324 12,800 1,932,206 2 Roumanian Orthodox Church 2 2 1,994 123 Russian Orthodox Church 169 164 99,681 126 6,889 !alVatiOn Army 957 2,918 28,586 720 46,823 candinavian Free Churches (3 bodies) chwenkfelders 458 496 37,816 453 47,347 4 6 1,150 6 1,961 ilervlan Orthodox Church 30 26 3,000 9 664 8 Social Brethren 19 10 950 478 Society for Ethical Culture 5 5 2,850 4 481 Spiritualists (2 bodies) 611 520 32,081 82 3,694 Syrian Holy Orthodox Church 35 37 50,000 – 8 546 2 Temple Soc. (Frieads of the Tern.) 2 2 260 158 theosophical Societies (4 bodies) 222 505 8,071 346 230,160 nltarlanS' 477 82,515 3,579 478,119 Jnlted Brethren (2 bodies) 3.907 2,810 367,087 121,391 Tnlted Evangelical Church 949 535 88,847 955 Jnlted SOCiety of Believers (Shakers) 6 107 12 367 trniversalist Churches 467 58,442 650 561 58,566 Vedanta Society 3 3 350 V::":o:::l':u::'n;:Tt~eotie:ar:;s:l8:-=o-:af':;,;AT1=rm::.e:er7i,cu:a:-go::u:-::II—.:-/)oct-:-;-;ie.,-II——-·2;;;3~3:<,8,;,3-;-4–9-:7;1c;;9-;5,-;;33-:0;-715;;-'4'4,-;;71~880~,,O2~3;0;-4;6;–;-19;;;97~,2762 1,611 21,291,658 TOfala-1916 227,4:"17 191,796 41,926,854 194,759 21,888,521 Il-Estlmated

GENERAL BUDGET FOR THE FINANCIAL CAMPAIGN

Campaign American American American Special items Budget Budget Religious Ministerial 1920 Foreign Home American Hospitals Support War Relief, to be paid Missions Missions Education Education and Homes6 Denomination Temp., etc. in 1920 ADVENT $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 Advent Christian Chun;h …………… . 46,210,304' 3,850,0001. BAPTIST 130,533,0001 $34,041,071 1 57,500 $33,940,0001 $2,721,125' $1,000,000' $8,550,500' $4,060,000' 26,106,6.00 2,600,000' 685,000' 15,000 350,0001 565,0001 2,050;{)00 Northern Baptist Convention ………… . 10,250,0001 2,200,000' 532,800 170,000 10,000 20,000 272;500 45,000 …… ….. National Baptist Convention ………… . 15,000 2,000,000 40,000 40,000 ,I', "">, 211,468 75,000 20,000 General Baptist. ., ………………… . 272,500 , 3,219,598 5,920,000 200,000 BRETHREN 3,219,598 606,798 200,000 45,000 2,064,965 Church of the Brethren. . . ………….. . 432,760 Brethren Church ………………….. . 305,983 CHRISTIAN 727,693 99,725 588,043 406,500 10,000 Christian Church ………………….. . 727,693 CONGREGATIONAL 16,508,470 6,553,470 2,246,400 18,600 1,720,000 50,000 Congregational Churches ……… , …… . 16,508,470 DISCIPLES 12,501,138 2,488,352 6,000,000 197,331 1,499,050 226,000 25,440 12,501,138 • Disciples of Christ …………………. .

EVANGELICAL ' 1,394,260 108,000 538,500 315,000 1,394,260 305,983 305,983 Evangelical Association …………….. .

United Evangelical Church ………….. .

FRIENDS 4,532,081 1 344,038 3,250,000' 27,500 25,000 297,500 1,932,081 Society of Friends in America ………… . 40,000 40,000 '40,000 . .Society of Friends of California ……….. .

HOLINESS 50,000 50,000 50,000 Holiness Church …………………… . 1,846,521 LUTHERAN 276,021 153,000 100,000 17,500 300,000 1,000,000 1,846,521 Evangelical Synod of N. A…………… . 82,000 82,000 11,782,8729 MENNONITE 34,485,737 10 473,300 82,000 1,745,866 16,500,000' General Conference of Mennonites …….. . 6,234,9861 467,035 2,247,1801 212,000 50,000 METHODIST 250,000 2,141,2301 2,050,000 100,000 427,865 2,125,000 1,500,000 34,485,737 17,263 52,000 17,263 • 406,644 25,912 172,975 200,000 10,000 1,745,8.66 Methodist Episcopal Church (North) ….. . 1,406,250' 50,000' 390,326' 1,246,997 44,970,000 18,530,929 14,584,251 40,000 212,000 Methodist Protestant Church ………… . 7,865,445 2,928,754 2,730,091 60,0003 250,OQO 392,264 250,000 17,263 Free Methodist Church of N. A…… , … . 529,472 198,4505 43,814 175,QOO African Method't Episcopal Zion Church .. . 31,977,4571 12,537,540' 8,705,305'

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church ….. . 2,136,091 800,000 1,101,441 16,916,085 1 5,519,3051 5,796,7801 Refonned Zion Union Apostolic Church .. " 6,546,6624 911,7701 1,999,917' PRESBYTERIAN .. 6,661,425 1,606,600 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A……. . 1,114,569 2,055,839 2,022,987 44,970,000 150,000 100,000 500,000 7,865,445 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South) .. . 354,472 392,264 8,264,9601 103,9431 1,352,634' 529,472 Associate Refonned Presbyterian Synod … . 6,395,491 Ref. Presby'n Church of N. A., Synod …. . 1,013,0751 United Presbyterian Church …………. .

REFORMED 220,2503 14,400 3,850,0001 550,0001 Reformed Church in America ………… . … i:ioo,ooo" .i :'~:<~:::::: 2,136,091 3,383,217 Refonned Church in the U. S…. _……. .

UNITED BRETHREN 2,768,9304 126,0454 100,000 400,000' $78,837,431 $5,931,925 Church of the United Brethren in Christ … 240,000' 4,548,662 1'-·–……,.- Total. ….. , ………. , ……. '" $336,777,572 $107,661,488 $109,949,037 $5,116,4656 $20,510,299 $8,770,927, $175,448,349 '.' 1) ii"

1 Five-year budget to be subscribed in 1920. (a) $10,500,00~the Cente~ary.atllOunt of ~he Board of Foreign :r.{j~sions, which has 2 Two-year budget to be subscribed in 1920. 3 One-fifth of five-year budget. already been subscribed. . . 4 Budget to be subscribed in 1920;.part to be paid in 1920; part in two years. 5 Budget not yet approved by National Board. (b) 6,OOO,00~the buqget of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. 6 Budgets Jlpproved by National Boards only are included in this column. 7 $500,000 of this amount subject to continnation by the National Baptist Campaigri 9 The Methodist Episcopal Home Missions Budget is· compose<l. of: '" (a) $10,500,OO~the.Centenary amount of the Board of Home Missions and Church Conunission. 8 The Methodist Episcopal Foreign Missions Budget is composed of: Extension, which has already been subscribed.

(b) 607,872-the'budget of the Woman's Home Missionary Society.

(c) 675,00~the budget of the Freedman's Aid Society.

10 This total mc1udes $21,000,000 which was subscribed in the Centenary- Campaign.

OF THE NEW INDIA-SOME NATIVE CHRISTIAN

A New India BY REV. HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA, INDIA Secretary in India of the Baptist Missionary Society T HE MODERN missionary enterprise beholds a new India in . 1920. She has passed out .of the Category of an oriental sub- ject race into that of a country with ideals of independent nationalism-a people who have taken the first steps towards the progressive realization of responsible self-government, but still as an integral part of the British Empire. The Government of India ·Bill which passed the House of Commons fills every we11wisher of the Indian people with pleasure and hope. It is wise politically to place confidence where responsibility can be placed, and Christian missions sympathize with the new political charter because they believe confidence can be. reposed in the character and qualifications of the leaders of India today.

. New India is due to many forces, seen and unseen, that for a century and a half have played upon her mysterious life. The foreign missionary enterprise has been one of those forces, and it may not be without interest to consider briefly the results, difficulties and ideals of that enterprise as we face the future. I shall first refer to five direct results, and then to four indirect results.

1. Indian Christianity. The western Christian world does not know as much as it should about Indian Christianity. It hears more of criticism than of praise, and much is said against the 253

Indian Christian's power and influence; but to the man who knows, Indian Christianity was never greater than it is today in its devotion, its love to Christ, its grasp of truth, and its desire to spread His Cause. Indian Christianity is divided into three sections. There is the Syrian section, connected with the Eastern Church, which numbers 750,000. There is the Roman Catholic section that is the result of four hundred years of Roman Catholic effort, numbering in converts 1,550,000, and there is the section associated with Protestant Missions, numbering 1,700,000, the' fruit of a little over one hundred years of missionary endeavor. These make a total Indian Christian population of 4,000,000 in the midst of 315,000,000 people according to the census of 1911. But at the rate at which converts have increased during the past forty years, India should be nominally Chl-istian in a hundred and fifty years more.

2. The Regnant Position of Christ. In the moral sphere in India, outside the circle of the Indian Christian Church, outside the circle of missionary influence, Christ has already obtained a widening influence far in advance of what might be expected from the relative size of the Christian population. He is exercising today a wonderful power over the lives and thoughts of individuals, and, in certain places, of communities which are not Christian. They have seen the moral grandeur of His character, have begun to realize the glorious meaning of His Cross and His ethics, and have already accepted Him as one of the greatest leaders and teachers of truth that the human race has ever seen. A leading non-Christian solicitor in Calcutta, a man of great influence, gives evidence for his compatriots when he writes: "Christ is the God-appointed Ruler of the human conscience; that is my belief." He speaks for thousands who profess allegiance to Jesus Christ, though they will not at present have anything to do with organized Christianity, and refuse to take the name of Christian. Christ is nevertheless regnant in their thought-life, and helps to form the influences that dominate their daily cha'racter and duties. That is one of the direct results of the modern missionary enterprise.

3. Christian Theological Thmlght. Changes are taking place that are affecting the thought-life of the East regarding its theological convictions. Taking India as a whole, Hinduism is still the ruling religion-a religion of pantheism, believing God is impersonal, unthinking spirit. Into that pantheistic conception, as one result of the modern missionary enterprise, has come a belief much more in the monotheistic God who is a Father in His attitude towards the human race. I was present at a large Congress of Religions held in Calcutta where fifty-seven different religious bodies of India were represented. It was a parliament of religions but there was no prayer on the first day. That struck some of the non-Christian leaders as a lack and they came to me and said;

A NEW INDIA

,,We have made a great omission. We want to begin our discussions tomorrow in the atmosphere of prayer, and want you to lead us." I had the privilege of leading that great audience in Christian prayer. Prayer signifies a personal deity. When it came to the question of their discussion-how they thought of Godit was marvellous! Among the Hindus, among the Mohammedans, the Brahmans, Sikhs, Jains, the Aryas and other Samajists there was expressed a conception of God which made Him not impersonal, but alive and in touch with human life, with all its pain, sin and sorrow. That, too, is one of the direct results of the modern missionary enterprise in India.

Courtesy of the Woman's Missionary Magazine • A MISSIONARY IN HIS TRAVELING WORKSHOP Rev. David Gord on in his touring automobile in India Take the subject of sin, which to the East is largely ignorance, purely a question of intellect. That view is also changing to indude a moral aspect which links sin to the conscience, and makes man and woman answerable to God for what is done, thought or said. There is a clearer view of Christ's teaching in regard to what sin is, both in its origin, its influence and its results. This conception comes as a vision to men who, in the past, have not had such a conception of it as would lead them straight away to ~he feet of the Saviour Who can save them from sin. One might speak of other theological changes which really come down to the very essence of human life, and show that Christian influence is at work in India, and is bringing men and women outside the

Christian fold to the position to which Christ Himself sought to bring them.

Then, on the subject of prayer, changes are taking place both in India's view and her religious practice of prayer. Of course, there has been prayer all down the ages. Life cannot be lived without prayer-that human cry to the great spirit world. But to the Indian, prayer has been, to the extent it has been used, one of the means of his self-salvation, one of the methods by which he may secure for himself, and himself alone, freedom from the shackles of existence, and unity with the great spirit of the infinite. Now that is all changed, and they are coming to have a happier con- (eption of the possibilities of communication with God the Father of our souls. We constantly see how, in many concerns of life, the non-Christian Hindu desires to pray, individually and congregationally. Prayer also emphasizes the idea of fe1l6wship, of devotion and worshrp, as well as the idea of supplication. Does this not give to prayer in the Orient today more of Christ's te.aching of what prayer ought to be'

4. Christian Educational Influence. The hunger for education creates one of the greatest opportunities for dealing effectively with the world's religious and social problems. Christian educational influence in India today is a far larger thing than mailY:. realize. Take this paragraph from an educational authority: "The last Quinquennial Review of Educatio~ in India shows that 42 Arts Colleges with 11,579 pupils or about one quarter of the whole: are under missionary management. Christian missions are carrying on 843 secondary schools with 160,953 pupils. Over 9,000 primary schools (more than 350,000 pupils,) and 75 training institutions are maintained by the missionary societies represented ·in the missionary conferences in Great Britain and North America. Of the above total rather over one hundred thousand pupils are being educated by Roman Catholic missions."

The significance of this paragraph is the tremendous oppor- • tunity it reveals of dealing with the child-life of the Indian nation to be, and to deal not only with primary education but also with secondary education, whether in the Christian community or in the non-Christian.

Christian influence is still more wonderful in women's education. In the Madras Presidency, two of three women's Colleges are managed by missionaries, and one by the Government; and of the thirty-nine girls' high schools, thirty-three are under mis'sionary control, and six under Government. Education is the hand of Christ blessing the children of the Orient, and He calls for American men and women of capability, influence and· personality to come out and help in that marvellous opportunity for bringing the thought of young India, the mind of young India, and the soul of young India into touch with His mystic influence.

A NEW INDIA

5. The Influence of the Bible. The Bible is being read, being thought about, being quoted in the press of India. You can scarcely take up a non-Christian newspaper published by an Indian editor, without finding some quotation from the Bible. It is part of their, English education, and shows that the thoughts leading the press of India are to some extent influenced by the teaching of the Bible. Each Province has its own Bible Society Auxiliary and the secretaries report that, during the last ten years, the sale of Bibles, Testaments and portions has gone up by tens of thousands, and in some cases by hundreds of thousand. There is a larger circuh;ttion of the Bible in some form or other today than ever before.

There is a meeting, held every year, in every Province of India, at which the Bible Society offe'rs to students who have passed their matriculation examination, or who have graduated a gift of a Bible or portion of the Bible as a memento of their success. I have attended a number of these meetings. At one recently held in Dacca there were at least three hundred students who' came forward to receive from the Oommissioner's wife a copy of the New Testament, or of the Bible, as· a gift for having taken their .degree. There is a growing desire among the students of India to know the contents of tha,tBook which to us is God's Word. This is one of the bright results of the modern missionary enterprise.

INDIRECT RESULTS In touching upon the four indirect results, I want to try to get a. little deeper; They cannot be attributed entirely to the modern missionary enterprise. God has marvellous ways of making His truth known, and bringing that truth to the hearts and lives of men and women. Some results may be partially traced to the Ohristian spirit in British political administration, or in commerce, or in the Western Press-the contact of the East with Western civilization at its best. They come from various sources, but I do not think I am wrong in also claiming that mis,sionaries of tbe Cross, through their work, through their lives, through their influence, have no small part in bringing about the results to which I refer.

1. Reverence for Personality. At the back of all the political changes of the day is the claim of India's leaders to give to individual Indians some control in the administration of their country; some millions of voters, they say, desire the opportunity to choose for themselves who shall be their rulers in the political sphere. That brings us to the franchise and the individual vote. In certain ports of India 'Women also are clamoring to have the vote. Bring this political fact down to its inner significancethere has been a vision of personality; the value of the individual is

recognized, and a reverence for personality now shows itself in the cry for political independence.

Take industrial life. There is a great deal going on in India's industrial centers that is wrong. The living wage has not yet been found. In many cases women are working in factories twelve and fourteen hours a day, and the children too are oppressed by their masters, not European alone. There is a cry out now against the conditions that make for a weak human environment. What does it mean? Men and women have had a vision of the respect and reverence due to the individual-again, reverence for personality.

What does it mean in regard to education? The leaders of India in five different provinces are calling out for compulsory elementary education. There are tremendous difficulties-finance, teachers, equipment, houses; but they are demanding that instead of the five or six out of a hundred, taking it broadly, who. are having it today, every child shall have the opportunity of getting knowledge; and through knowledge, power, influence, and happiness so far as domestic and civic life in India is concerned.

It may be the single child, it may be the worker, it may be the political voter-there is towards one and all a new reverence for personality. Where is the mountain source of this undeniable fact 1 It is found in Him Who said: "What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul." Ohrist's value of the soul becomes India's also.

2. Hunger for Comradeship. Hunger for comradeship is all over the world; it is here in the West, and it is in India. If only men and women would realize that God has made all men to live in an atmosphere of love towards one' another; whether they are brought together by commerce or by politics, or in international relations, to live, love and work as comrades. Weare getting that spirit in India today. I am a member of an Institution called the Devalaya. Many years ago its founder, Maharshi Sastipada Banerji, now eighty-two years of age, conceived the necessity of bringing those who differ socially and religiously together in an atmosphere of friendship. He gave his house and fortune for the realization of his ideal. He saw cast cleavages, child widowhood, child marriage, impurity, intemperance, and other customs that are doing so much unopposed harm. "Let Hindus and Moslems and Ohristians meet together," said he, "and discuss these things from the standpoint of friendship for one another." The Devalarya grew and has become a house in which the hunger for comradeship is satisfied. It is not successful as the world counts success, but every week, and almost every day, a few choice souls gather together in its little shrine to pass an hour or two, partly in prayer, partly in silent meditation, and partly in discussion of those things which affect the religious and social life, first of Oalcutta, then of

A NEW INDIA

India, and finally of the world. 3. The Passion for Freedom. Freedom, liberty, self-determina- tion, emancipation, and words of similar import are in large use in India today. What does it mean 7 Take for example, the outcastes of Indian society who are crying for an ampler life. They do not quite know what fetters bind them, what are the oppressions from which they suffer, or in what direction liberty really lies. But many of them have decided that they will not any longer be the serfs of their fellow-countrymen. To some of them hope lies in the Christian Church and community. Where is the source of this 10ngingT In Him "Wllo said:' "I am come that ye might have life-more abundant life."

4. Enthusiasm for Social Service. Philanthropy, temperance, public morals-in these three spheres throughout India there are hundreds of non-Christians waiting for the opportunity to be of service to those in need. The need is usually physical when famine strikes multitudes, or plague, flood, cyclone come. Under proper leadership they join any adventure to render relief. The missionary spirit is at work. There is a vision and enthusiasm of service to others that may yet touch very deep and come straight from the heart of God. It is to Him Who said: "Inasmuch as ye did it unto the least of one of these" that we trace this modern enthusiasm.

Now if the'se results, direct and indirect, of the missionary enterprise are fair statements of the case in the year 1920, I claim that every Christian has the right to be optimistic.

THE DIFFICULTIES But are there no difficulties T There are indeed stupendous difficulties. Space permits me only to glance at the chief of them.

1. Difficulty of Western Christianity. The materialism of the West is hindering the 'Work. It has done so all along. It is doing so more today than ever. All that has been happening in the Western world these last few years must be a tremendous hindrance to the cause of Christ. The world is one. The conditions of London, of New York, of Paris, of Petrograd, and of any other great cities in the West, their social, political, economic and religious conditions, now that the world has been made one by the war, will have a still more harmful or helpful influence. As Christians in the West work for Christ, for purity, for comradebhip, for love, for glorious human ideals, they touch the problems missionaries are fighting. Many difficulties in the Orient will only truly be solved when Western Christianity is really Christian. Enthrone Christ in the West, or the East may yet send Christian missionaries to do it.

2. Difficulty of a Scattered Indian Christian Community. A

great deal has been said about what the Indian Church might be and might do. But the four million Christians in India are tremendously handicapped by reason of their separation. To quote one paragraph from Mr. Paton's book "Social Ideals in India": "The large number of Christians is very unequally distributed over the country. In Travancore a quarter of the population" is Christian, in Madras and in Burma not quite three per cent, in the Punjab one per cent, in Bengal only 29 in 10,000, in Rajputana four in 10,000, in Kashmir three in the same number. In great areas of the country there are no Christians at all, and no Christian word, has been preached. Two-thirds of the Christians of India live in the South, and i,t is there that the Christians appear most distinctly as a cO'mmunity. The uneven distribution of the Christian population mu&t be remembered whenever we think of the influence and possibilities of the Church in India."

The difficulty of a scattered Indian Christian community cannot be overlooked when missionary statesmen talk of the Indian Qhurch, and of other great problems affecting the mission field.

3. Difficulty of Christian Ecclesiastical Divisions. There is something absolutely wrong with the Church of Christ today in Europe, in America, and throughout the world. Weare not one to do Christ's will. The ecclesiastical divisions among Christians 011 the foreign fields are one of our greatest present difficulties. It is not possible to suggest that the hour has come for the divisions to disappear. But the time is more than passed that the spirit of antagonism that has perpetuated eccleciastical divisions should pass away once and forever. All that is irrelevant for India should be scr:apped, for it is a weakness to the Christian Church, and a greater weakness to the Christian approach to non-Christians. Personally I favor a policy of leaving the organization of an Oriental church policy to the present leaders of the churches in the East. The Holy Spirit is there to guide. The shackles of Western denominationalism need breaking in all Orient lands, and the Boards of the West would be wise to lead the way in this act of emancipation.

4. Difficulty of a Lack of Indian Christian Leadership. One ought to mention this difficulty, even though it be immediately after the words just written. We thank God for some magnificent men and women that He has raised. Take for instance Pandita Ramabai, Bishop Azariah, Tilak the Marathi poet who has just died, the evangelist Sundar Singh, and many others. The Indian Protestant Church can boast already of some magnificent prophets and leaders. But taking the Indian Church generally, and the Indian Christian community generally, we have to confess that up to the present (due to the fault of those who have not been paying sufficient attention to developing responsiblity, and to creating Christian leadership) there is a lack of efficient Indian Christian leadership. Some missionary problems will only be solved when more Indians are trained

19201 A NEW INDIA

and taught to take positions that some missionaries feel they are more ready to take than we are prepared to let them have.

5. Difficulty of Racial Relationships. It is hard for an American or a Britisher in the East to avoid the thought that we are superior to the Oriental, and that he ought to be on a lower plane. And it is hard for the Indian today, under the stress of nationalistic ideals not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think. In certain missionary circles differe1l-ces between missions and the Indian Church are aggravated and emphasized and over stated. Things are not so bad as they are made out; yet there is no doubt that mis- sionary progress during the next decade will feel the unhealthy in- fluence of un-Christian racial distinctions. In Christ this will dis- appear.

THREE IDEALS But as we look forward there are three ideals of the modern missionary enterprise that fill our horizon with hope.

1. Western Christianity ablaze for World Evangelization. It has not come yet. America is getting it faster than Britain. American churches have seen the vision for the home and foreign work, as inter-related and needing one appeal for Christ: They see that the cail of Christ to aid the redemption of humanity is a call to every individual Christian. It is one of the glories of American Christianity today that she has set herself to give time, talent, wealth, all that she has., to undertake this great adventure for Christ in a way that has never been dreamed. W{! want to see this spirit in Britain, on the Continent, in all Christian lands. 'When it comes it will be seen that it is not wise to have the separation between the churches, or the divisions in regard to home and foreign work that today exist. The hour has struck when the Christian Church should begin to set herself to the task of the world . for Christ.

2. The Indian Church Centric to all Foreign Missionary Effort. Does not the lesson from political changes teach us that the Indian is coming to his own, and that missionary societies have to learn this lesson too? They have been dominating, not only their own field of foreign missionary effort, but the Church's life and the 'Church's methods and the Church's worship, so that we have a Westernized Indian Christianity. It has been a mistake, and many of us regret it. The Foreign Missionary Society should be the servant of the Indian Church. When there is a Church big enough and strong enough, let the Foreign Missionary Society be prepared to enter into fellowship, nay rather serve the native church for the great cause of Christ in the land. The more responsibility we can place upon the Indian Church, and the more 'We can take away from the representatives of Western Christianity the better for the progress of faith in that land. The ideal is an Indian Church that

shall be centric for all missionary effort carried on, whether it is evangelistic, medical or educational. To be the servants of the Indian Church, working under Indians controlled by Indians, having finances administered by Indians, this is an ideal before us. Does it not seem almost a dream ~ 3. Home Authorities Alive to the Pressing Modern Needs. A new vision of what modern needs really are is necessary to the home authorities. There is something wrong with the proportion of funds spent on women's work, takin~ missionary organizations as a whole. Not enough is spent on the women's side of the work. I do not want to stop the men's work, but within the next few years the amount spent on and the advances made in women's work should be doubled at least. There needs to be a change in the vision of the home authorities in regard to the amount of money to be spent in cooperative work. The National Missionary Council is leading the way, but the Home Boards are not as keen or as generous for cooperative effort as they should be.

The relative importance of institutional as against general missionary activity also needs reconsideration. India, during the present year, may bring darker days for Christian effort than have been lately experienced; but God's bright promises overspan the· horizon. We may claim for the world's redemption of soul what a British poet wrote at the beginning of the great war: "You who have faith to look beyond the tragedy of a world at strife: Who trust that out of dark and death shall rise the dawn of ampler life, Rejoice, whatever anguish rends your heart, that God has given you for a priceless dower.

To live in -these great times and have your part in freedom's crowning hour, That you may tell your sons when climbs the light high in the heaven, their heritage to take, ( 'We saw the powers of darkness put to flight; we saw the morning break.' "

_bat i~ tbt ~oob JltW~ for )nbia?

6amueI ~illllitt&ottom, ~IIaba&ab, lhtbia ~upedtttenbettt of tfJe ~IIafJa&ab lIttbu.tttal lItt.titute "~gricuItural missionaries must unberstanb tfJat IIttter plolus or larger crops is not lubat lue are after as tbe ptimarp tfJing; tfJtrt is no real &spel of tbe plolu." ~bere is a 490spd of 31esus Q!:btist tbat satles men lubo IItlittle in ~im, apad from tfJeir tconomic or sodal at conbition anb it is to belp in tfJe spreab of tfJat ~ospd tfJat tfJt ~gricul= tural 3Jnstitutt exists. babt no sbort cut, no nelu luap. no IIttter lua!, tfJan tbe lua!, of tbe Q!:ross as tbt lua!, of salbation from sin to eternal lift. jJio man sboulb bt aHolutb to start for 3Jnbia: lubo bas an!, boubt ou tbe~e e~~tltial points.

UP THE; RELIGIOUS SPIRIT IN

A Church Parade protesting against the separation of the Church and State in 1918, Petrograd.

The men in golden helmets are priests.

Religious Conditions in Soviet Russia* BY JEROME DAVIS, NEW YORK Formerly Studeut Assistant to Dr. Charles E. Jefferson of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, New York; later Private Secretary to Dr. Wilfred T . Grenfell of Labrador and for two and one-half years active in Y. M. C. A. War Work, in Russia.

T HE ONE hundred and seventy million people who once made up the Russian Empire offer a challenge to the Christian forces of America. In the past they have had neither education nor good government. Today they are struggling through revolution, civil war and anarchy toward education, abetter government and a more democratic nation.

What are the religious conditions in Soviet Russia1 The Greek Orthodox Church in the past has been one of the bulwarks of the Tsar's government. The Tsar himself was its head and the Church received financial grants from the government. Today the Church is completely separated from the State. Moreover, it is often spoken against by the Soviets; it is being openly attacked in the government press. What has been the result T In the first glow of the revolution the churches were largely deserted; Today -This article was written in November of last year.

the people are suffering from starvation and disease; consequentiy they are thronging to .religious services. Though the Greek Orthodox Church has done great things for Russia, it has done very little. in social service lines.' A year 'ago last May, after the Bolsheviki had been in power for about eight months, I sent a Russian priest to see what the Orthodox churches of Moscow were doing for the· people. This priest, who was officially appointed tohelp.Jis by the Patriarch, t.he head of the Russian Church, V'i~ited twenty-two of the leading churches of Moscow. He found that seven maintained old people's homes, two had libraries, and a few had schools. Not one had any organization for the young people or anything that would lead the young people to take an active part ill the life of the parish.

Twenty of the priests thought that the Y. M. C. A. could do something to help Russia, while two thought it was dangerous to under- take anything at that time. Several priests made definite suggestions that the Y. M. C. A. start young peoples' unions, play grounds and libraries. The investigation showed that the average priest would welcome the efforts o~ such a foreign organization.

The Russian Orthodox Church is today going through a period of fiery trial. It needs the help and prayers of the Christian forces of the world. It is willing to accept help, to cooperate with any fair-minded Christian group. The head of the Russian Church, Patriarch Tikhon, has served in the United States and would gladly welcome assistance from the religious forces of America. He cooperated with the Y. M. C. A. by authorizing a priest to work with them, by endorsing the translation of American books, and by giving us certificates such as the following: "The Young Men's Christian Association in America is performing. useful, energetic and fruitful work_ in the way of religious and moral education for the young men of America. It is building in the latter the ideals of a wholesome Christian life by means of its all around cultural and physical training.

"At the present time a department of this Association has taken up similar work in Russia coming into contact with the workers and institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church, and has invited as their spiritual advisers various persons belonging to the Russian clergy in order to work in concord with the teaching and the rules of the holy Orthodox Church.

"Mr. Davis, an American, having entered as a member into the brotherhood of the Church of Christ the Redeemer and well known for his good work among the Russian people all through the war, plans to visit some of the most important towns of Russia in order to find out on the spot what the Y. M. C. A. can do in Russia for the welfare of her people. He desires to acquaint himself still further with the Ol'thodox Church and its clergy and I would ask you to render him every assistance.- (Signed) Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow and of all Russia.

The Patriarch also gave me on June 29, 1918, a request for the prayers of all American Christians, in which he said:

19201 RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN SOVIET RUSSIA

MOSCOW Y. M. C. A. CLUB TN THE HOME OF THE COMMANDER OF DISTRICT "It would comfort us to know tha't all true Christians of America will always remember our Russian Church and people in their warmest prayers. We would feel deeply grateful if you would express to the Christian people in America our deep desire for their prayers, especially at this crisis in Russia. We are deeply conscious in this dark hour that the moral suppo~ and prayers of all Christendom are vital for the rebuilding of Russia through Christ to her former strength."

Not only the heads of the Russian Church but the common priests everywhere are asking for our help. Along with the revolution in the government, the Church has begun to branch out into qifferent forms of servi~. Su.n<lay-schoolsl Mep. '1$ Brother.

hoods, and social service clubs were being formed by some of the churches when I was there. Progressive priests were anxious to learn everything they could on new methods elf work from the practice of .American churches. Some of the priests came to me at midnight asking for books on .American Sunday-schools and on how .American churches raised their finances. The priests were beginning to preach as never before. They need material for sermons. I gave a copy of Fosdick's "The Meaning of Prayer" to one priest who could read English. The next Sunday he preached his sermon from the book giving credit to the author. Russia needs New Testaments and Bibles. The supply in Russia is exhausted and paper is so expensive it is difficult to get. With the approval of the Patriarch, the Y. M. C. A. distributed thousands of copies ;rf the New Testament in Russian, directly and through the priests.

It is needless to say how much Russia needs education, as eighty percent of her people are illiterate. Russia also needs food. In Petrograd in 1918 over eleven thousand people contracted cholera, and over ten thousand typhoid or typhus. In the first three' months of 1919 there were thirteen thousand cases of typhus. Any' one who says that, under the Bolsheviki, ,supplies cannot be given by neutrals to those in need contradicts the whole experience 6f the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., the Friends' Society, and the AmerIcan Red Cross.

The Russian Orthodox Church stands pleading for help. The people of Russia are bleeding and suffering. What will the churches of America do about it t I suggest the following: , First, that an interdenominational commission made up of leading clergymen and progressive social workers be dispatched ,to Soviet Russia at once empowered with funds to help, and accompanied by ships of food and. medicine.

Second, that the American churches empower this commission to help· the. Russian schools.

';Yhifd, that the Christian forces of America cooperate with the Rus- !Sian Orthodox ,Church by placing at their disposal our methods of religious education' and' social service.

They should carry with them New Testaments and other religious literature printed in Russian.

Does not the story of the Russian revolution resemble the story of the Good Samaritan ~ Russia lies bleeding by the side of the road. Germany passed by and instead of helping Russia used armies and bullets to crush out the real soul of the Russian people. America is passing by. Do we want to play the part now of the Pharisee? Shall we keep hands off and continue the blockade, or shall we go into Soviet Russia to bind up the wounds, pour on oil and do what we can to relieve the suffering~ America will respond to the needs of suffering Russia in so far as the real spirit of Jesus Christ is in the hearts of her Christians and our churches are alive to.tl1eir opportunities to serve.

Founder of the Christian and Mission-

ary Alliance Dt'. Sitnpson's Cont1'ibution to the Missionary Enterp1'ise BY REV. W, M. TURNBULL, D. D., NYACK, NEW YORK Dean of the Mi ssionary Institute A LBERT B. Simpson, foulld- er and president of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, who passed away at his home in Nyack, New York, on October 29th, was one of the reli– gious leaders of the day whose missionary messages and methods had an influence far beyond his own Society.

He was born of godly Scotch Presbyterian parents in December, 1844, at Bay View, a little village on Prince Edward Island. As a boy his thirst for learning was so intense that his health was broken by over study, yet he struggled against this disa- bility and the further handicap of poverty to such good effect that he entered college at sixteen and THE LATE DR. A. B. SIMPSON became an acceptable preacher in his first year of study, His intellectual gifts were remarked by church leaders, and immediately upon his graduation from Knox College, Toronto, he was called to an important pastorate in Hamilton, Ontario. This church prospel'!ed under his leadership but in 1874 ill health induced him to accept an invitation to the Chestnut Street Presbyterian Church in Louisville, . Kentucky.

Here he led in a great revival and was the means of drawing together churches of the city that had beel'!. divided by the Civil War. In 1880 he came to New York City as pastor of th€< Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Chu:rch, When he had spoken there on one occasion the elderly minister in charg'le' was so moved that he refused to enter the pulpit for weeks afterwards, but preached from the chancel. Mr, Simpson's early ministry in New York won him the love and esteem of his congregation, so that there 267

was universal regret when he announced that he must leave his settled pastorate to take up evangelistic work for the unchurched masses of the city. He had become profoundly impressed with the fact that the middle class, respectable people of New York were not attending the house of God, and he felt led by the Spirit to go to them with the Gospel of Ohrist. In dance halls, theatres, and other rented buildings he preached with high tides of blessing, reaching many needy hearts in the great metropolis.

In response to Mr. Simpson's stirring appeals for sacrificial service, a little group of his first converts organized a Missionary Prayer Union and met in his home to pray for lands where the name of Ohrist had not yet been heard. Soon a few of these young people offered themselves as missionaries, and requested special preparation. To meet their need Mr. Simpson organized a class for the study of the Bible and missions, which held its first sessions on the stage of a the'atre. From this small. beginning sprang the Missionary Institute which, first in New York and later at Nyack, has been the training camp for hundreds of earnest missionaries and home workers. One of the first principles of Dr. Simpson's wo:r:k was the utilizing of the' unemployed forces of the Ohurch for the evangelization of the world. His school was the pioneer among the Bible Institutes in America, and from the beginning offered specialized training in a practical knowledge of the English Bible, and in methods of aggressive soul winning. Hundreds of eager hearts were inspired with a divine zest for spiritual adventure, and led forth to mighty exploits.

In 1884 the first class was graduated from The Training School, and immediately the problem arose' as to the field of service which should be chosen. Dr. Simpson, as a believer in the Pre- Millennial Ooming of the Lord, had come to the conclusion that the consummation of the Ohurch's hope was intimately connected with the evangelization of the world. He believed that the words of the Master: "This Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come," referred not to any future age, but to the respon- ~ibility of the Ohurch in this dispensation. Oonsistent with this belief, he urged that missionaries be sent to lands for which no other society was planning. This has been the settled policy of Dr. Simpson through the years. While some bases haVie been occupied in conjunction with other missions, the great objective has always been to push out into regions where no other Ohristian has carried the story of rediemption. The observance of this principle has led the Alliance missionaries into the most difficult and remote regions, and has meant the introduction of the Gospel to Kwang-Si in South Ohina, the province of Hunan in Oentral China, the

FOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE 2fIJ

borderland of Tibet, the unoccupied basins of the Congo and the Niger in Africa, the untouched areas of Central and Western India, the interior regions of Argentina, Chile and Ecuador, and last of all, the great French Colonial possession of Indo-China. In the last named country the only Protestant missionaries among·twenty- two million people are pioneers sent out by the Alliance.

Dr. Simpson expressed some of the underlying convictions of his own mind in the following declaration of principles: "1. The ALLIANCE emphasizes the speCial agency and superintendency of the Holy Ghost in the work of missions, seeking only for wholly 'con- secrated missionaries and holding the work under the constant direction of the Spirit of God. HI goes without saying that the testimony of the 'ALLIANCE is a full Gospel and the converts of our missions are led to know the Lord Jesus in His fulness and expect the baptism of the Holy Spirit.

"2. Along with this it naturally follows that the work should be a work of faith and that it should be maintained by a spirit of prayer and continual dependence upon God. Having no ecclesiastical constituency the workers on the field and the executive officers at home are led to look more directly to God for all their resources and supplies.

"3. The ALLIANCE missionary work is evangelistic and aggressive rather than educational and institutional. We do not attempt to establish educational institutions, and transplant our denominational organizations to heathen soil, but to give the Gospel as rapidly as possible to all races and tongues.

"4. T-lle principle of economy is rigidly aimed at. The expenses of home administration are reduced to the lowest possible figure. Missionaries on the field are not promised regular salaries, but simply their expenses, and all the workers unite to make the means at our disposal accomplish the largest possible results without really sacrificing or crippling the work. Monthly allowances sufficient to meet actual needs are granted the mission- aries. From time to time these allowances are increased as the cost of living in different countries is raised.

"5. The principle of sacrifice is tlhe deepest element in our work. Again and again is has been displayed upon the field by the missionaries themselves, and not less by the self-sacrificing gifts of those who sustain them af home."

Some of the methods employed by Dr. Simpson have become widely known through the secular as well as the religious press. Ever since 1887 an annual missionary convention has been held at Old Orchard, Maine, which has become the source of inspiration and the model for numerous other similar gatherings, some of which have eclipsed the parent meeting, both in the attendance and in the amount of the missionary offering. In all these conventions the supreme object is a deepening of the spiritual life of believers, and the impartation of positive blessing for spirit, soul and body. There is Bible teaching, the dissemination of missionary information, and the inspiring help of consecrated music; but above all there is unceasing effort to lead hnngryhearted people to a soul-satisfying experience of their privile~ in Christ through the power of the indwelling Holy Spirit. The

missionary offering at the close is always an expression of spiritual life and worship, and is free from strained appeal or mere emotions. Dr. Simpson fed the people with the Bread of Life and giving folloW/ed naturally. He never urged people to give upon the spur of the moment, but rather prayerfully to decide how much God :would have them pledge to send through the ycar. The conviction that has been behind these pledges is seen from the fact that over ninety-five per cent of them have been paid in full, and the total pledged at any convention is usually exoeeded by the actual receipts from those who were present. It is also significant that many of the great financial drives of recent years have adopted the methods first employed by Dr. ~ Simpson. The results that have followed the daring faith of this one man of God ar,e beyond computation. His example has inspired many other similar movements and has led to an increase of consecration, prayer and giving in Il!e'arly every corner of the globe. It has been estimated that during the Ylears of his service Dr. Simpson administered over six million dollars in foreign mission work. One hundred and eight main stations and four hundred out stations have been opened as Gospel centers in sixteen different mission fields, which contain over forty million people who depend upon this one agency for the Gosp/el of Christ. Over three hundred foreign missionaries and six hundred native workers are caring for one hundred and eighbeen organized churches· that have a present membership of over ten thousand adults, besides thousands of adherents. One hundred and fortyfive Sunday-schools have been established in these dark lands, in which seven thousand six hundred and eighty-three children are enrolled. There are now two hundred and sixty-one day schools with five thousand eight hundred and seVlenty-eight scholars, besides seven Bible Training Schools with one hundred and seventeen students, mainly 'young men, preparing to carry the Gospel to their own PlCople. The native church abroad gave two dollars and twenty-one cents per member during the past year, and the value of mission property in foreign lands is about half a million dollars. Not the least fruitful phase of Dr. Simpson's contribution to the missionary enterprise was the activity of his consecrated pen. Early in the eighties he founded the first of his illustrated magazines called, "The Gospel in All Lands." This was later sold to Rev. Eugene Smith and afterwards transflerred to the Methodist Episcopal Church, becoming a channel of much blessing in that denomination. The Alliance Weekly came after a few years with its never-failing uplift in the editorials. sermons and

FOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE

special articles of its versatile reditor. In 1893 Dr. Simpson toured the mission fields of the world and later took less extended trips which gave him first-hand knowledge of conditions abroad and led to the writing of books and vivid appeals that had a wide circulation. Perhaps the spiritual depth alld fervor that characterized the fifty-five years of his labors as a minister of the Lord Jesus Christ can best be seen in the hymns that poured from his burning heart. He wrote over three hundred songs, less than half of which have as yet appeal1ed in print. Among those of It missionary character that are fairly well known are "A Hundred Thousand Souls a Day," "Saving and Serving" and "Send Me Forth." The following might well be considered the spiritual biography of Dr. Simpson, since it breathes forth so much of his soLemn sense of responsibility and his passion for the lost.

MY TRUST Lord, Thou hast giv'n me a trust, A high and holy dispensation, To tell the world, and tell I must The story of Thy great salvation.

Thou might'st have sent from heaven above Angelic hosts to tell the story, But in Thy condescending love, On men Thou hast conferred the glory.

Thou hast commanded us to go, a never let our hearts betray Thee.

And Thou hast left an awful woe, On all who lightly disobey Thee; a let us feel and fear that woe, As we would guard our own salvation, And let us answer to that "go,"

As witnesses in every nation.

We are all debtors to our race; God holds us bound to one another; The giftis and blessings of His grace Were given thee to give thy brother.

We owe to ev'ry child of sin a One chance at least, for hope of heaven, by the love that brought us in, Let help and hope to them be given

A Message from Russian Women A heart-rending a~al has been sent to England by a Christian woman of Petrograd. The message does not suggest any possibility of human help, but is a call for intercessory prayer on the part of Christians everywhere. A few extracts from the message portray conditions in vivid terms: "Chil- dren-loving England, cast a glance on our children * * * Hundreds of them are daily dying of hunger, neglect and in- fectious diseases. But death is not the worst. Children- masses of them-are bribed by specially good food (most rare in these hard times), by flattery, over-indulgence, theatres, dancing, and other similar attractions to renounce God, never . utter His name, never pray, never go anywhere they can hear anything about Him except in blasphemy. Imagine a large company of children listening to the following speech-"Dear children, we have called you together to tell you that now everything is yours. You are the masters and have a right to all you see * * * You can take, use, do whatever you like.

and need not at all mind stealing, for you can always leave off" (Exact words ~tse,d.) *"" The schools are now mixed, morals indescribable, literature of the worst kind is distri- buted among the girls and boys, no supervisi<m, no restraint, no religion, proper teaching is set aside, and dancing put in its place. According to the latest decree parents have no right to keep their children at home! Communistic schools are to take them, keep them, educate them according to their views, and lest any should escape, babies will be taken from their mothers directly after their birth.

"The educated classes are doomed to extermination, and that object is pursued with relentless cruelty. Men of science and culture, delicate women, the aged and the youthful are constantly turned out of their homes with no means of sub- sistence. The universities are closed or at the point of ex- tinction, the students scattered. All expressions of opinion, all free action, all meetings and associations are forbidden. all initiative killed, the voice of conscience silenced, spies are hunting for their prey everywhere … >It * "A book and a weekly periodical are being circulated among the Russian people. The book, called THE RED GOS- PEL, is a caricature of our blessed Gospel and full of blas- phemous attacks !)n the Scripture. The periodical THE RED CHRIST bears the same character. Almost all other printed matter is prohibited or hidden out of sight 'It 'it 'It"

in Mohammedan

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem World and Author of "The Disintegration of Islam" Etc.

O NE of the faithful messengers of Jesus Christ among Mo- hammedans, Miss Jennie de Mayer of Samarkand, Central Asia, says that "this war's earthquake has thrown all the windows of the Moslem world wide open, and all the doors are off their hinges."

A new day has dawned in the Mohammedan world and it will be deeply interesting to see what the editorials of Calcutta and the editorials' of Bombay and Lucknow and Singaporte, of Tangier and Fez tell us concerning the conclusions at the Peace table. Around that Peace table not only the destinies of Poland and Russia and the Balkan States, and Germany and Austria and the Czecho-Slovaks, but the destiny of Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Central Asia, Persia and Afghanistan are determined. Those lands that were closed with iron gates and bars of brass have been thrown wide open by the evrents of the war. The Prophet Isaiah had a distant yision when he said, "In that day there shall be a highway from Egypt to Assyria, and the Syrian shall worship with the Egyptian, and the Lord of Hosts shall say, 'Blessed be Egypt my people, and Syria, the work of my hands.' " His prophetic eye caught the Anzacs, and men from South Africa under General Smuts, from Wales and Scotland and England, driving the spikes and laying the rails for the road to transport General Allenby's army; caught the vision of the bridgre now spanning the Cana.l. and of the time when we can take the diner and sleeper from Cairo's Union Station to the new Jerusalem.

What a marvelous day, when on the battle field of Armageddon God calls together the western nations, with the Arabs as Allies, and drives into utter rout and confusion the strongest troops of Turkey, in order that the Cross of Ohrist may once more come to its own in the land where Jesus Christ gave His lif~ for the world.

There is not one country, froUl Morocco across to China, which has not experienced great changes because of the war, What was the chief opposition to the message of Christ among the Mohammedans of Java' The Dutch missionaries will tell uS that it was Stamboul. It was the hope in the hearts of these Javanese and Sumatran Mohammedans that the Sultan of Turkey would cOUle and wrest the Islands from the hands of the Dutch 273

and give them back to Mohammedan rule. That bubble is pricked, the house of cards has fallen; and the Javanese Mohammedans know that the Allies will decide where the Caliphate is to be.

Think of the result to Morocco. Before the war there was not a country in Africa so dark socially, morally, economically as Morocco. Travelers, missionaries and statesmen testify that it was the most hopeless spot in Africa. Yet it was only three and a half days from London or Paris! Then came the war, and God Almighty made the wrath of men to praise Him. He set the people free, and according to the testimony of the British Consul-General the advent of the French in Morocco has brought in a new era. Thev have constructed some five hundred miles of raIlway, and five hundred and sixty miles of good roads. They have established justice and law and order, they have quelled the internal revolts; and they have captured the hearts of these Mohammedan peoples, so that Moroccan men fought under the French flag in the trenches of France and Flanders.

Think what has taken place in Algeria and Tunisia, where Methodist missionaries have unfurled that Banner which shall never suffer loss. There the Algerian and Tunisian governments have given the Methodist Episcopal Church a charter to carry on their work-press, schools, hospitals-in order to establish in those Mohammedan lands the Kingdom of Jesus Christ, our Lord.

Egypt was a country of contradictions and with perplexing political questions, but the war cut the Gordian knot and established oYler the whole Nile Valley tIle righteous rule of Britain, whose flag stands for high principles'-the flag of St. George indicating devotion; and St. Patrick exemplifying the missionary spirit and St. Andrew, typifying chivalry.

Add to all these things the result upon Mohammedans. Pride, self-sufficiency, conceit are the greatest enemies to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The old, old story never enters a man's heart when he puts up the adamantine wall of pride. God through this war has humbled the Moslem world. There is no place for arrogance or pride on our part. God has done it. He has plowed through their prejudices, He has plow.ed deep in all their lands. It is for us to carry the seed baskets, "weeping," and then some day we shall return bearing our sheaves with us.

What is the program that God desires to unfold in this new era of His grace~ It is a program for every department of mis- . sions, schools, hospitals, relief, everything, but not least and not last the message of the printed page. This war has proVlCd the awful power of a propagandism of lies and intrigue, and has also shown the benediction of truth and sobriety and kindness and love through the printed page and the written message. The Church of the Lord J eSLJS Christ, facin~ this B'reai w9rld of opportnnio/,

OPPORTUNITY IN MOHAMMEDAN LANDS

must enter these doors and establish everywhere the Christian press.

Therel are vast areas without any literature. The total litera- ture for Chinese Mohammedans, who number nearly fifteen mil- lions, could be held between the two fingers of my hand. We talk about a five foot shelf of learning. All the books that the Beirut press and the Nile Mission press have prepared for the pastors and leaders of Syria and the Nile Valley could be put on a three foot shelf. We have absolutelv stinted and starved this department of Chrit;;tian work. .

The great Mohammedan world needs a broad Christian litera- ture. They need the life of Christ, in popular form; they need.

biographies of leaders of the Christian Church, the lives of apostles and missionaries, that will inspire them to higher living. They need books of Christian poetry and science; they need books that are pure and wholesome for child life, they need everything in every department, that we find heaped up in our homes, and on the shelves of book stores. Oh, the poverty of the intellectual supply of Moslems! Oh, the poverty of that which we provide for the millions of readers that the new education is raising up in every land!

According to the census of India, nearly one million two hun- dred thousand children are now in government schools' and mission schools. When they graduate from these schools, what do we give them? Shall we turn them back to the old literature of heathenism and Mohammedanism? What sort of literature is that 1 The Koran, the life of Mohammed unexpurgated, and the unexpurgated Arabian Nights, or the erotic Arabic poetry.. That is typical of what is left, aside from commentaries and traditions of the Mos- lem faith. We create readers, and we must satisfy their appetites by giving them literature that is true and pUl'le and elevating.

We sing, "Oh, For a Thousand Tongues to Sing My Dear Redeemer's Praise." Do we mean it? The only way for us to have a thousand tongues, or ten thousand tongues, to sing our Great Redeemer's praise, is to use the printed page. In that way we can do it. Any message that has gone home, any prose or poetry, any book that is strong and manly and pure and whole- some, any book that hasl touched your heart, may be sent out on the wings· of the wind, through the printed page. This day of God and this world of God call for sacrificial obedience.

Fly abroad, thou mighty Gospel Win and conquer, never cease 'Till Mohammed's wide dominions Yield to Christ the Prince of Peace.

Indian Coolie in

BY REV. J. W. BURTON, B. A., MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA Conference Secretary for Australian Methodist Foreign Missions. For nine years missionary to the Indian population in Fiji; author of "The . Fiji of To-day," "The Call of the Pacific," etc.

O VER sixty thousand natives of India are in the Fiji I,SIand!!. The majority of these came originally to labor on the sugar plantations. As their terms of service have expired, many have settled permanently in the South Sea Islands and are now the most important element in the population. The are gradually taking the best lands from the aboriginal population, and the indications are that Fiji will eventually become, for the most part, an Indian Colony. Many of the former coolies ar~ now themselves employers, and most of the stores in native villages are owned by them. The climate sni~s them, and there are many opportunities of making money.

Until recently there has heen a system of "indenture" under which these laborers were employed. They were recruited principally in the Northwest provinces of India, and, after a preliminary medical examination, they were sent to Fiji. On arrival, they were apportioned to the various planters, whom they were obliged to serve for a term of five years, at the end of which period they became "free," and were expected to settle on the l~nd for a further term of five years. After this, if they so desired, they could return passage-paid to India.. The great majority, however, elected to remain in Fiji.

The conditions on the plantations were, on the whole, exceedingly bad. The wages were very low-too low to provide adequate food and clothing. The average earnings of the men were eleven pence per day and those of the women five pence. The employer was obliged to provide shelter, which took the form of coolie "lines" or long tarred barracks, divided into cubicles of eight feet by ten feet, in each of which three men, or a man, his wife and family, were placed. Often the sanitary conditions were indescribably bad and disease and wretchedness made havoc of human life. There was not only the minimum of comfort but less than the minimum of decency. It was an evil system, difficult of supervision, and lent itself to innumerable abuses, which have been exposed, time and again, by missionaries on the field. Commercial interests were strong, however, the government was pitifully weak, and voices of protest were almost unheeded.

The chief cause of the degradation of the people was not so much the low wages or the miserable accommodation, as the A MOHAMMEDAN MOULVI IN FIJI lewdness springing from the disproportion of the sexes. The Government regulations provided for only thirty-three women to every one hundred men, and, when the class from which these were chiefly recruited is considered, inevitably the sexual relations became unspeakably evil. One writer declared that the only morals in the coolie "lines" were those of the poultry yard; and, unfortunately, the horrible phrase was only too accurate.

Gradually information regarding the conditions in Fiji filtered through to India. The South African Indian question was still a scandal fresh in the minds of the people, and now public attention fastened upon an even worse state of things in Fiji. National pride was touched and a sense of indignation possessed the national leaders. They were, they declared, members of the great British Empire whose flag, it was proudly boasted, stood for liberty and equal justice; yet, under that very flag in the Crown Colony on Fiji, their own kinsmen were being enslaved and demoralized that the ruling race might make money. One result of the agitation was the appointment by the Indian government of a Commission which visited Fiji and suggested reforms. The system of indenture was, however, left unaltered, and this failed to satisfy Indian demands.

The Indian leaders, themselves, then appointed two independ-

ent in"estigaWrs, and in 1915 the Rev. C. F. Andrews, M. A. (author of "T~e Renaissance in India"), and the R~V'; W. W. Pearson1 M. A., B'. Sc. (late of the London Missionary oSociety), visited Fiji. Their rel'Jort to the Indian members of the Viceroy's Council WIlS a scathing indictment of the whole indenture system and made every trwil-hearted Britisher ashamed. It was shown that the life of the coolie "line" was primarily responsible for the degradation and alarming immorality of the people. The pUblication of this report led eventually to the abolition of the system.

It is often urged by the planters and sugar companies, in extenuation ()f the miserahle accommodation provided, that the Indians, when they finish their term of indenture, invariably build still more wretched hovels for themselves; but the real point is thus missed. When the Indian settles on the land he may put up a very mean hom(! for himself, but there is no longer the promiscuous herding together of married and unmarried peO'ple, as in the "lines"; there is family life and this has its own sanctities and healthfulness. It is the promiscuous herding together of good and bad which is the real menace to moral life. Let us quote from the report of Messrs. Andrews and Pearson: "We cannot forglt our first sight of the coolie 'lines' in Fiji. The looks on the faees of the men and the women alike told one unmistakable tale of vice. The sight of young children in such surroundings was unbearable to us. And, again and again, as we went from one plantation to another, we saw the sam~o umnistakable look. It told us of a moral disease which was eating into the heart and life of the people.

"What else could be expected? Indian villagers, who have lived the communal life of their own lndian homes, are first taken away, one from here and one from there, by the recruiting agents. They are completely separated from all their own ties and associations. Then they are crowded together on board the great emigrant ships, where decency can hardly be preserved, and every temptation is rife. Lastly, in Fiji itself, they are crowded again into the coolie 'lines,' which are more like stables than human dweIJings; and there they are forced by law to remain, away frorn every restraint of custom or religion, during a period of five yeRrs. 'Vhat else could be expected 7 But that little children should UP, born and brought up in this!"

The saddest feature is not that the "lines" themselves are ;such hot-beds of vice, but that contamination has spread to practically the whQle population-spreading even among the native Fijian people.

"We had at first supposed that these corrupt morals of the "lines' would be thrown off, in a great measure, by a healthy reaetion, as soon as the Indian became a free man. In Natal, this had

1920J THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI

been the case, and we had seen with our own eyes fairly healthy family life springing up in the numerous tiny frnit farms around Durban, where free Indians lived.

But we found things far more un- satisfactory in Fiji. There, the morals of the coolie' lines' had be- come ingrained in the free popu- lation. As one Indian explained the matter to us : 'Sahib.' he said, 'our women have lost all shame; they change their husbands as they change their dress.' An abominable trafficking in young girls was prevalent, which the law seemed unable to check. It was a common thing for a father to sell his daughter to one man, allowing the betrothal ceremony to be per- formed, and then to sell her to an- other. Divorces were equally com- mon. Women left their husbands for the sake of jewelry and went to live with other men. They seemed to do just what they pleased, and to live just as they liked. Castes and religions were mixed together in a common jum- A FRE}; INDIAN GIRL IN FIJI ble. Hindu girls were sold in marriage to Mohammedans and vice versa. Sweepers' children were sometimes married to Brahmans. If this admixture had been due to enlightened motives of humanity and in accordance with conscience, all might have been well. But it was just the reverse-a matter of greed and lust. As if to make the evil more deep-seated, the Government had done its best to banish Hindu and Mohammedan religious marriage altogether from the land.

Indian-Christian marriage shared the same fate in the eyes of the law. A Christian minister of religion, Mr. Bavin, who performed the ceremony of marriage for two Indian Christians in Church, was prosecuted for committing an illegal act!"

No wonder that when the wrongs of these people were made known to their cOlllltrymen in India there Wll-S an outcry. The vernacular press flamed in indignation, while throughout the provinces mass meetings were held. Even naturally shy and

retiring Indian women took the platform. Mrs. Sarojini Naidu lashed a. great audience into fury with her hot words of wrath: "Wealth! "What is wealth to usT Power! What is power to us? Glory! What is glory to us T How shall the wealth Rnd power and glory of a nation be founded save on the immutable honor of the womanhood T Are we going to leave to posterity a wealth got with dishonorT Are we going to leave to the unborn generations a sorrow and shame that we have not been able to wipe out1 Men of India, rather. the hour of doom struck than that after tonight you should live to say: 'We heard the cries and yet we were deaf. We heard the call for help, but we had not the courage. We felt in our hearts the challenge to our national honor and yet we. were cowards.' If, after tonight, men of India, if .after tQnight, I say, it is possible for the most selfish interests to use 'the humanity of India to enrich, almost as a manure, the sugar plantations of the Colonies, if it is possible, I~ay, to let the forces of this greatest evil on earth daunt you, you are not only unworthy' and degenerate sons of our mothers, whose name stood for glory in the past, but you are murderers of national honor and national progress. . . . . "I have come today to speak, but I think the fire within me is so strong that it bids me be silent, because words are so weak. I feel within me today the anguish that has been from year to year the lot of those women who had better be dead. I feel within me the shame, the inexpressible, the immeasurable, the inalienable shame, gentlemen, that has brought the curse of the indenture system to our women. And who is responsible, men of India, for this, that our men should have to go abroad for bread' Why is not your patriotism sufficient to have resources enough to give bread tQ them who go to seek bread abroad 1 Why is not your patriotism. so vigilant, so strong, and so aU comprehensive, that you are able to guard the ignorance of them that go abroad, not merely to death-for death, gentlemen, is tolerable-but to dishonor. Ours has been the shame, because ours has always been the responsibility. . . . That mark of crime is written here on us, because we have no destiny apart from our sisters. Our honor is indivisible, so must be our dishonor. That is, our destiny is one, and whether for glory or for shame, we share alike. And we women who give our sons to the country, we cannot endure our sons to think that their mothers belong to a generation, part of whose motherhood was dishonored.

"Have I not said enough to stir your blood? Have I not said enoug:p. to kindle within you such a conflagration that must not merely anuihilate the wrongs of the indenture system, but recreate in the crucible of a new stirring, a new purpose, a new unity of self-respect, that will not sleep, that will not rest, that will be, a

THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI

sword to avenge, that will be a fire to burn 7 . . . Is national righteouslless possible, when the chastity of your womanhood is assailed! Is national righteousness possible, when the men of India sit still and see such crimes 1 Is national righteousness possible, till every man amongst you becomes a soldier of the cause, a devotee, a fanatic, everything and anything which means destruction of the wrong and triumph of the righU"

The indenture system is broken. It belongs to an inhuman and callous past. It is "The record of disgraces best forgotten, A sullen page in human chronicles Fit to erase."

• In 1921 every Indian in Fiji will be free I But while the system is gone, the evils remain. The one bright spot in the sad picture has been the seemingly hopeless attempt of a few lonely missionaries to help this people. "It is the work of missionaries like these," says the report, "struggling against overwhelming odds, that had saved the whole Indiau community from falling to the lowest level of ignorance and vice." But there is much yet to be done. The only hope of a radical and permanent cure of this diseased life is with the Good Physician. He is theirs as much as ours. The best atonement we can make for ~he well·nigh irreparable wrongs we have inflicted on this people is to give them, in a great spirit of humility and sympathy, the mC:!'1sage of Jesus, their Kinsman and ours.

IS IT NOTHING TO YOU THAT one-third the world is still illiterate, ignorant of true health, and beyond the reach of medical skill?

THAT the most far-reaching movements in human history are now taking place, affecting three-fourths of the human race?

THAT the thirst for Western education has gripped the Far East with a startling rapidity, breaking down age-long traditions as to womanhood and caste, and sending to school in Japan a larger propor- tion of children of school age than in any other land? Soon 50,000,000 will be at school in China.

THAT doors hitherto locked and barred are now "off the hinges,"

with the literati of China ready to hear the gospel message, and in the mass movements of India, scores of thousands turned away from the Church because of no teachers to instruct them?

THAT America is growing rich at the rate of about nine millions a day, the wealth of Protestant church members in America alone being estimated at $23,000,000,000?

THAT not one-half of these church members give to support a local church, nor are they helping financially or otherwise enlisted in any active Christian work?

THAT Jesus Christ, the great Captain, waits, with the banner of the Cross in His hands, for His people, whom He has so richly blessed, to follow His lead? -The Missionary Intelligencer.

A Chinese Christian

BY REV. JONATHAN GOFORTH, D. D., CHANGTE, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Church GENERAL FENG YU HSIANG was born of poor parents in An-Hui province thirty-seven years ago. Floods swept away all they had and the family, in beggary, went north to Paoting-fu. The boy had no early school advantages, and at about eighteen he entered the Chinese Army as a private. With rare common sense and a splendid physique, he so applied himself that he does not seem to lack in education, and is now learning English.• In 1900 when Feng Yu Hsiang was a raw recruit at Paoting-fu he first came in contact with a missionary who was on a street of that city preaching from the text, "If they smite you on the right cheek, etc., or, if they take away your outer garment, let them have the inner one also."

"I did not like that doctrine," said he, "so to test it I s1,J.ouldered·the missionary's table and started off with it; but the missionary did not practice what he preached, and clung to the table till I had to let him have it."

The first time his conscience was stirred was that same ·year at the American Board compound in the south suburb of Paoting-fu. The Boxers were there to kill the missionaries and the Christians, and Miss Morrell was at the gate pleading for their lives.

"I have saved many of your people when they came to me sick," said she; "Cannot their saved lives be put to our credit and ours spared f" When she found that plea would not move the Boxers, she said: "Let me die for the others; slay me, but spare them." This moved the men to tears, with the exception of the young hotheads among them, so that the missionaries were allowed to escape through the back gate. A Boxer leader named Wang, however, overtook and slew them. General Feng said the Government troops were ordered to march to the north suburb where the Presbyterian missionaries were about to be massacred, but were commanded not to interfere with the Boxers-only to look on and return and report that they could not restrain them. He saw the Simcoxes, the Hodges, and Dr. Taylor burned in their houses and all this made an. impression upon him so deep that the blood of 1hese martyrs became the seed of a new life in him. Later, while stationed near Peking, he had a very bad ulcer. He sought the adviCe of two Chinese doctors, and each of them asked sixty dollars to heal it. He then went to a missionary hospital, and when cured asked how much he would have to pay.

282 . The do.ctor said, "Nothing; only I want you to remember that God in heaven loves you, and sent me to heal you." That saying t;nade a deep impression upon the mind of Feng Yu Hsiang.

In the plague year, when a lieutenant, he was stationed at Hain Men Tien in Manchuria, and the missionary doctor inoculated him against plague. When asked how much he would have to pay, the doctor astonished him by saying almost the same as the other foreign doctor had said some years before.

In the year 1912 when he had been promoted to the rank of Major and was stationed at Peking, he attended meetings held by John R. Mott and was converted. He was appointed to attend Pastor Liu's class for Bible Study. At that time a severe testing came. His elder brother turned bad and took another woman as wife, threatening to shoot his real wife. This made the Major furious, and he vowed to settle with his brother. But the time came for his Bible Class, and the subject proved to be, "Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord." Then, as if to test him to the uttermost, his elder brother sent him a letter of defiance and a challenge to fight.

"It was my Heavenly Father who sent me the message of forgiveness just in time to save me," said the General. "Had it not been for that, I would have gone to my brother; and either I would have killed him or he would have killed me. With the Word of God in my heart, I took no notice of my brother's defiance, but sent by the hand of a friend a hundred dollars and a letter saying, if he needed more to set up in business, I would let him have it. My brother was so astonished at this treatment that he put away the bad woman, and was reconciled to his wife. "

At the time of the clash between North and South, Major Feng had been promoted to Brigadier-General and had an independent command in Sze-Chuan. On one occasion he attempted to take a strong position, but on account of his artillery ammunition running short, he had to retreat. Securing supplies, he renewed the attack, turned the position, and smashed the only bridge across the river, leaving the southern force at his mercy. They threw down their arms and surrendered. The· General ordered ten dollars to be given to each officer and five dollars to each private, and sent them home. He said, "the amazed Southerners fell all around weeping, then arose and went home. "

Last year when a northern force came to grief at Ch'ang-te-fu; in Hunan Province, General Feng was sent to retake the city. As he drew near to it, he sent a note by two missionaries to the southern commander saying, "I have orders to take the city, and will take it. You just leave it and go south and avoid loss of life." The southern leader took the hint and moved all his force south fifty miles. General Feng entered Ch'ang-te-fu and established

himself there. All bad women were ordered to leave the city. within three days. All gambling dens and theatres were closed. – The theatres were turned into schools, workshops and preaching halls. The opium and morphia hells were closed and the owners fined. One Chinese morphia dealer was fined seven thousand dol- lars, but his Japanese partner escaped. The people were in dread of the northern soldiers, but so many of the 9,000 had become Christians that perfect safety reigned.

No smoking, drinking, bad language, or gambling is allowed among General Feng's men. For nine days I was everyhere among the men and never saw any smoking, nor smelled the fumes of drink Mr. Caswell of the Canadian Holiness Mission said he had been among the men for a year and had never heard a bad word. Soldiers of Christian lands, take note! Some years ago, the Gen- eral thrashed one of his colonels for going to a house of ill fame. The colonel has since been converted.

The General does not want his men to turn bandits when they leave the Army, and took us to see his factories whieh he has provided for them. There we saw scores of knitting machines, on which all the socks for the army were made. Dozens of sewing machines were used for making clothes. There were looms weaving towels, etc., in addition to bookbinding, rattan chair making, etc. The soldiers· working at these trades were all around forty years of age.

We' went with the General to inspect the barracks. It was astonishing to find a place in China without offensive smells and filth. Every bed was clean. Each man had a mosquito net. Every gun, bayonet, strap and buckle shone. Their Bibles and hymn books were ne~tly piled up with their military books. Officers in neat athletic suits were called out to let us see what they could do in the way of athletic drill. Their feats on the horizontal bars, and in the obstacle race were remarkable. The buckles the officers wore on their athletic suit belts were won as prizes on route marches. One led his company and made forty miles in seven hours. The General's control over his men seems absolute. They would die for him. He calls them his "boys" and is like a father to them.

General Feng has established an opium and morphia refuge into which he puts all opium or morphia users he can catch among the seven or eight million Hunanese over whom he rules. Some- thing would happen if such a man got control in some of the booze districts of our Christian lands.

The General supplies his men with religious books and has bought as many as 500 New Testaments at a time. He says he cannot get enough catechisms; at present three men have to study from one. He has made a catechism on military morale with many

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN GENERAL 28S

Bible thoughts in it and all of the 9,000 men can repeat this on the instant. lIe believes in a Christianity built on knowledge.

I said to him, "General, the great need of your men is Bible Study."

"1 feel it," he replied, "and commission you when you go north to the provinces where my men come from to urge the missions to send me some of their best Bible teac.hers; and I will pay their expenses and so arrange the drills of the men that they may have fresh companies of men for Bible classes every hour in the day." I never saw men so eager to study the Bible. One evening a list of eighty-six names of men who wanted to study was sent me, and the General arranged that they should meet next morning at six 0 'clock. At the time a:ppointed, instead of 86 there were hundreds, almost filling the theatre. The General telegraphed for my wife to come and teach the 70 or 80 officers' wives and paid ~l our expenses.

When at Tao-Yuan, our first main morning meeting was at seven 0 'clock. It was raining, but Major Wen and about one hundred of his men who were ready for baptism marched in ten miles and were in time for the service. 1 asked the Major what proportion. of his men had turned to Christianity. He replied that nine out of every ten were on the ,Lord's side. It is little to be wondered at, for the Major seems to be on fire for God, and his men cannot help following his lead.

Another reason why I believe the Christianity of these soldiers is genuine is that they gave such a hearty response to searching truth. Mter each address, I left the meeting open for prayer; and the higher officers commenced confessing their sins. After the address on "Break up the fallow ground and sow not among thorns," many confessed freely. Finally the General said, "If we did not believe this message came to us from our Father in Heaven, would we stand it f Here a man from another land comes and lays all our faults and sins bare; and we are not angry, but convicted. I am sure you all feel as I do. I am convicted through and through. If our earthly parents saw our evil ways were ruining us and came and warned us, we would surely heed them; how much more should we pay heed 'When God, our Father in Heaven, has sent His servant in this great heat to warn us. Comrades, you can all go to heaven and dwell with God; but you cannot hope to enter there while you retain these evil weeds in your hearts."

On the fifth night, the General commenced to pray, but soon broke down. He wept and confessed his own and his country's sins. Sounds of weeping could be heard from his men all over the building. Oolonel Lu followed saying that his sins were even more than

had been mentioned. The tears streamed dow; the face of one of the staff officers as he prayed, and so it was with others. At the close he plead with all to consecrate themselves to the service of the Lord Jesus Christ.

During the two and a half days at Tao-Yuan, there was the same whole-hearted response. At times men were confessing and pleading with God in tears. Once Major Wen in tears seemed amazed at the boundless love of God in Christ. That God could spare such wrath-deserving sinners seemed too wonderful "In our impenitent state," he said, "we were in as great jeopardy as a man riding a blind horse along the edge of a precipice."

A young captain burst out crying in prayer, and said he bad reviled the cause of Jesus Christ and had ridiculed' his General for believing in Christ. Afterwards, the General showed that he was greatly delighted over this confession. He said, "The captain is a bright scholar, but wouldn't look at the BIble, he so detested the cause of Jesus. One day while I was reading the Bible, he came and stood near me and said, 'General, everything you. say and do we aU approve of, and we admire your wisdom; but we cannot understand one so wise in other things taken up with such an absurd book as that.' In fu~ I thrust out to grasp him, but he fled away laughing; and now to think the Spirit of God has made him bend like that." When the officers later came up for baptism, this captain passed about the best examination.

One more reason why we think the Christianity of these military leaders is the New Testament kind is that they are not content to win for the Lord the nine thousand men of their little army; but while we were there the General and his officers formed themselves into an evangelistic band to save the people of the district in which they are stationed. The first item in the list of rules is that each officer will strive to bring at least one of the chief men of the city to Christ by the end of the year.

These men seem to have a faith in God as simple and direct as a little child. Some months ago, when all crop prospects seemed blasted by dronght, the General assembled the people and called upon all the priests and priestesses, both Taoist and Buddhist, to pra,y for rain. They were in consternation and hopeless confusion as they begged off. Then the General and his officers prayed to the God of heaven; and not long afterward there was a great rain.

Where the General controls, no one need be ignorant of the Way ~f Life. The seventy or eighty officers' wives, for the most part, could not read; so General Feng started a school for them and brought down from the North a lady graduate to teach them. During the time Mrs. Goforth proclaimed the Gospel to them many pmfessed to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN

The spread of the Gospel among the 9,000 men comprising this force is amazing. Less than' eight years ago, the General and aU his men were heathen; now the leaders assure us that eight out of ten believe. It seems as if they are turning to the Lord almost by regiments. About five hundred were baptized a few months ago, and now I have baptized 507. When I baptized 275 of these at Tao-Yuan, of whom 39 were officers, it seemed to me I had never before taken part in a service so impressive, solemn and wonderful. After singing, Mr. Caswell led in prayer. I explained the meaning of baptism, basing my remarks on Matt. 3:11 and 28 :18. Then the General read out about fifteen names, and they came and stood before the platform, where I baptized them, praying that their Saviour would baptize them with the Holy Ghost and fire. .As soon as the last one was baptized, Colonel Chang at the organ with his choir started a verse of "0 happy day that fixed my choice oli Thee, my Saviour and my God". As each squad was baptized, it was the same, or varied by "Oh, come to my heart, Lord Jesus; there is room in my heart for Thee." Three times during the baptismal service the General knelt on the platform and poured out his heart in prayer for his men, even to tears. , It was a busy day, for we began the officers' prayer meeting at 6 :30 a. m. At seven, we had the first main meeting; and at its (llose we' had breakfast. Then at 10 a. m. we had our second main meeting. As soon as that closed, we began to examine the candi- dates for baptism. Along with the General and a Chinese evangelist, I examined 39 officers; and Mr. Caswell, along with a Colonel and a Chinese evangelist, examined the non-commissioned officers and men. W1e spent three hours at the examination, and then com- menced the baptismal service which lasted two and a half hours.

The General and his men only take two meals a day, so he had our second meal prepared to eat on the launch as we journeyed down the river to Ch 'ang-te-fu at about 5 0 'clock.

Next day, at Ch'ang-te-fu, I baptized 232 officers and non- commissioned officers. The conduct of the service was the same as at Tao-Yuan. At the close, I said, "Now, men, you have confessed the Lord Jesus Christ by baptism. Suppose persecution again broke out as in 1900. I have on my body the marks of Boxer swords, and many of your countrymen died for Jesus that year.

If such persecution as that arose, would you slink off quietly and not own your Saviour ¥"

We can never forget that mighty response, when hundreds shouted, "Never! We will die for Him."

Whereunto will this thing grow~ Among 9,000 soldiers there are 1",000 already baptized; and of them three-fourths are leaders.

A missionary told me that several months ago he baptized 89 .o.1Iicers. There was one among them, a captain, who ra8s~d SQ

poorly in his examination that he hesitated about receiving lrim. Since then that officer has won sixty of his men to the Lord.

The people of Hunan see Christianity in operation around them, and that from the most unlikely source, the soldiers. The chief women of the city are asking to be allowed to attend the school for officers' wives. All fear of the northern soldiers has vanished, and the people wish the General might rule over the whole Province.

The General '8 wife was formerly very fond of gambling, and was glad to have a few provinces separating her from her husband. He sent for her, and she came and had to give up her evil ways, at least outwardly. She chafed under it but now seems converted. One evening she came with her husband to supper at Mr. Caswell's. The General was telling us how fierce and exacting his temper was before the Lord got control of his life. He said if his wife came and put down a cup of tea over carefully he found fault and scolded her, and if she put it down carelessly he reviled and beat her. Then looking across the table at her, he asked, "Have I ever reviled or beaten you since the Lord got controU"

She replied, "No, certainly not."

Every morning we had a prayer meeting with the Gen~ral and his principal officers. Once the subject was Matt. 18 :19 and 20. I put the question, "Brethren, what is the deepest desire of your hearts 7 Please state them before we go to prayer."

The General said, "My greatest wish before God is that every one of my nine thousand men may turn to the Lord." Colonel Lu said, "Mine is that we may have grace given us to live lives so genuine that we will commend this salvation of the Lord Jesus to all men." Colonel Li said, "That not only all China, but all the world, may accept Christ." Colonel Chang said, l' That God may use our brigade to convert all the soldiers of China." And so on did the requests come in. Then the General and the three Colonels, among others, led in prayer.

It is said that a few months ago orders came to attack the southern party, but Generals Feng and Wu refused, saying, "We are ready to go and attack the enemies of our country, the Japanese; but we will not kill our Chinese brothers."

May unceasing prayer go up for General Feng and his men, and for General Wu and his men too; for it seems as if the Saviour's ideal in John 7 :37-39 is being attained among these soldiers. A river of the Water of Life with flood tide volqme i~ flowing there. Give thanks and take ~'ijrage.

from Medical

GLOWING NEEDLES ..

Three of four weeks after Miss Laurie, our new nurse, arrived in Shanghai, she received an enthusiastic note from Therese, a young French girl she had met on the steamer, inviting us to din- ner. Therese had come out to be married but did not like the man, and had found a position to teach in one of the schools in French- town. The princ1pal, a rich widow, had taken a great fancy to her and had invited her to live with her.

When we entered the salon we found Madame Rounger sur- rounded by the other guests. She was a handsome woman of prepossessing appearance, attractively dressed in black. As soon as the introductions were over, she drew me aside.

"Therese says you are a physician, though it is hard to be- lieve. You look about eighteen. Nevertheless she assures me it is so. Pray forgive me if I trouble you. Just a moment ago my table boy came to me in great consternation saying that his only son was having a convulsion. I ordered him to immerse the child at once in a hot mustard bath. May I beg you to come to see him 1 I shall feel more comfortable through dinner."

"Certainly, " I answered, "I shall be very glad to see the child." Madame Rounger e~C'used herself from her guests and led me- through the back hall along a covered corridor, to the semi- detached servants' quarters in the rear. On the second floor the doors of a row of cell-like rooms opened upon a narrow porch. j1–rom the corner room came the sound of cnfused and excited talk. The small space was crowded with jabbering women and hoys. The sick child, a boy about ten, had just been taken out of the mustard bath and put to bed. "Let us turn they all out but his mother," I insisted. "1'he child must be kept quiet. " Madame Rounger and I pushed the women out by their shoulders. Ve got them as far as the doorway where they massed them- selves, following my every motion with their beady, curious eyes, as I made a quick examination of the child. Madame Rounger was able to supply me with the simple remedies that were needed, and after half an hour's work, I left the child sleeping quietly. As Madame and I left the room the Chinese squeezed in behind us . like an irresistible tide of water, eddying and flooding the land.

–;:S;i;ted by Miss Belle M. Brain and condensed and adapted from HMy Chinese Days/' by Gulieltna F. Alsop. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1918.

The dinner was delicioulil and afterwards we scattered through the wide salon to drink our coffee. Suddenly a shrill scream startled us. I sprang to my feet.

"The little boy," I cried and ran from the room.

Scream after scream filled the air, the wild, terrified scream- ing of a child in sharp pain. I ran quickly along the corirdor and up the stairs. The door of the child's room was blocked with fig- ures. I pounded at the shoulders of the nearest and pushed at them till they moved aside and let me pass. For half a moment, frozen with horror, I'paused on the threshold.

The child, naked, was lashed to the bed with his arms out- stretched along the footboard. His head was thrown back, and his eyes glared wildly at the people. Trickles of blood were run- ning down the calves of his legs and dripping from his forearms.

In the air was the nauseous odor of burnt Besh. An old priest in a hideously dirty robe sprang up from the Boor and thrust a red-hot needle through the child's leg. The boy writhed and screamed with pain.

I ran to him and jerked the burning needle out of his Besh and began pulling out the other needles that were stuck at random in his arms and legs. The Chinese behind me pulled a,t me and tried to catch my hands. The old priest broke into a torrent of threats and insults. The needles I had plucked out still glowed, red-hot, on the Boor. I faced the Chinese angrily. They began to remember that I was a foreigner within the settlement, and they only toler- ated aliens. One by one they slunk awal till only the priest was left bending over the charcoal fire, muttering maledictions on the white woman. I cut the thongs and loosed the child. He seemed to know that I was his deliverer, for he clung to me in frantic terror, sobbing and screaming.

Madame Rounger appeared in the doorway. She turned out the old priest without ceremony and scolded her servants energetically.

"You shall go if you have any more of your heathen practices in my house," she said. "How often have I told you you cannot do such things. Yon are not fit to have a child. "

"But, Madame," stammered the terrified servant, "the devil have catchee my son. Must makee drive away. No can lose one only son. Must makee drive away, must piercee with burning needles.

No can help. Mustdo."

The Chinaman began to cry. He was torn between a thousand fears of the evil spirits, of the strange white woman, of the burning needles. I soothed the child whose sleek little black head lay trust- ingly against my shoulder and felt that nothing could make me give up my work in China.

Methods for Christian American·

ization EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 W. 18TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY AMERICANIZATION NOT ENOUGH was the problem. It has come to be a fairly well established principle Howard R. Gold that the way to the heart of a new OF LATE there is abroad in American is through his native America a great hue and cry, "Americanized" brother. So it was the gist of which is variously inter- Dr. Zahnizer's custom to travel with preted, but most often in the term a staff of foreign-born speakers, Rus- "Americanization." The churches go sian, Polish, Slovak, Italian, etc., a bit further, calling for "Christian first himself addressing a composite Americanization" in no uncertain audience and later separating the voice, and backing the demand for meeting into racial groups, each to the fruitful experience of genera- be addressed in its native tongue tions. As a sort of liasion officer by one of the staff. As Chairman between the Interchurch World of the general meeting he usually Movement and the Home Missions chose the factory physician, as a Council I combine field research man enjoying the confidence of both for new programming with observa- employers and employees. tions of on-going- work of the The Russian speaker, Mr. ~os. churches. Let rile illustrate the car- Wellenteichek, experienced the JOY dinal methods by which we maJ' hope sn one occasion of concrete testito "Christianize America" by per- mony to the value of the rallies. sonal observation, learned through .The red flag was figuratively unletters, or obtained by an assistant furled in his meeting when two Russlipping away from the office for a sians, whom the mill doctor branded visit to those who have chosen the as the worst in' town, opposed to better part and are busy with folks Government and absolutely violent, instead of things. made several attempts to interrupt ON THE TRAIL WITH PROPAGANDA and challenge him. Finally he Take the' platform publicity cam- quieted them by a promise to answer paign-actively engaged in by the any questions they had or listen to Church, and with tangible results. anything they had to say when· he Dr. C. R. Zahnizer, Secretary of had finished his address, if they the Pittsburgh Council of the would hear him through. As he Churches of Christ, last summer went on the men were much imconducted "Reconstruction Rallies" pressed because a representative of in towns about Pittsburgh, address- the churches in Pittsburgh was talking foreign-speaking audiences from ing· to them just as if he was one the factories and industries, and of them. In Russia they had been preceding his advent with a variety accustomed only to be given orders of posters and bulIetins. or to be addressed roughly by the priests and churchmen. There came to the leaders of the meeting that gathered in response to When the meeting was over, some twenty men remained for discussion, such invitations a feeling at once of among them the two extremists. inspiration and respon~ibility. To There was a free exchange of quessatisfy the longing and the ques- tions and views and then suddenly tioning in those hundreds of alien Dr. Zahnizer, waiting in the offing faces-that was the appeal. To lead with the factory doctor, found himtheir aspirations and their thinking into constructive channels-there 291

self gripping hands with humbled their life. In the second instance anarchy' and listening to broken Eng- we try to bring about Americanizalish that was sweet to a weary ear: tion along Christian lines." "We think you right. Law way is He sends a program of their best way. No good come by the weekly activities. They are numerviolence. When Mr. Wellenteichek ous and varied in character: Roumanian prayer meeting come again we get big crowd to Boys' Club hear him speak." The physician Women's sewing class turned to Dr. Zahnizer and said, The Kahoindor Club, girls 12 to 16 "This is the most remarkable thing Boy Scouts Troop, No. 6 I have witnessed in many a day. Workers' Conference We were afraid of these men. If Mothers' meeting Day Nursery your meeting has done nothing else Free clinics than to get just that acknowledg- Personal interviews ment from them, it has been a won- Negro Girls' Sewing Class derful success." Children's happy hour Negro Scouts Pansy Club, girls SOWING THE SEED OF RIGHT Hungarian prayer meeting LIVING Industrial School for boys and girls Popular patriotic meetings It is to this type of responsive Community singing foreigner that the Gospel can be Legal aid department.

brought and brought effectively. He Here is a word from Mr. Rollo is a dangerous man only because he Speer: is a thinking man. Weeds and "In the Boys' clubs I am stress- flowers will spring from the same ing the matter of clean living, work- soil. In this connection the church ing in connection with the Anti- neighQorhood center is a veritable Cigarette League. The boys are hot-house of good citizens and given a pin which designates them as Christian Americans. Practically all boys who are putting up a fight for of the larger Protestant denomina-· right living and they respect that but- tions are engaged in definite social ton."

service work radiating from the "In the girls' clubs the women neighborhood house. The Katherine workers are teaching better living by House of Christian Fellowship, a means of the neatness and cleanli- newly-developed Baptist "Christian ness with which they do their sew- Center" in Indiana Harbor, is one ing."

of many similar institutions, but it is "The men are learning to· come to typical and it is already productive. us with many personal and business * * * In the heart of a population that is matters to talk over. In this way 82 per cent negro and foreign-born, one has an opportunity to – * * * it serves at least twelve races-Ar- help in shaping their lives."

menian, Croatian, Greek, Rouma- "A legal aid department nian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, is helping with such matters as do Swiss, Mexican, Polish, Serbian and not require the attention of an attor- Lithuanian. ney and often keeping the people Rev. Rollo C. Speer, Director of out of the clutches of unscrupulous Men and Boys' Work, succinctly lawyers who rob them unmercifully."

states the· general formula for the From his English classes Mr.

work: "The nature of our work can Speer has sent this story. Note his be summed up in the phrase 'Chris- thought on sounding the religious tian Social Service and Americani- note in this work.

zation.' Our aim is in the first in- "In our English classes we use stance to be friends with our immi- avowedly Christian material and grant neighbors and enter as largely make no apology for it. I have as we may into their problems and found Mrs. Mary Barnes' book

BEST METHODS

'Early Stories and Songs' very help- . there are now five of these: centers ful for beginners and the books of in Newark and the Fresbyterians Dr. Peter Roberts good for more feel that they have just begun.

advanced work. 1 have found the This is a strictly denominational men glad to hear the finer things undertaking. The development of of life in connection with their Eng- one center is rather typical of the lish lessons. Tonight (am writing rest. First a Deaconess, a trained this at the close of a busy day) we social worker, undertook a tour of studied the meaning of the Golden investigation of a crowded Newark district. A real need for Christian Rule for our English lesson. In the latter half of the hour I had the men work being discovered, she set to compose some ofligi:nal sentences. work to find headquarters. The first floor of an old house was finally One of them, a young Croatian, rented at $13 a month and a sewing class started. Some thirty-five boys wrote these sentences as I am giving and girls, veritable hoodlooms, atthem to you. 1 make no apology tended subsequent classes and also the Sunday-school which was shortly for their faults. Of course they were inaugurated. Gradually families becorrected. came interested, the men asked for a "'A good man does not makes the trouble.

"'A kind man talks to you nice. "'Evil man is no good for nothing.

"'I would be thankful for a man who preaching service. Today there is does something good for me. in this district a regularly constituted " 'Jesus is merciful for us. church, with elders, deacons, deacon- .. 'We should be obey the taw. esses, a minister, an assistant, a .. 'It is no good for a man who have congregation of 150, a Sunday-school many children. of 200, and a building said to be the best for Italian work by Protest- .. 'We sbould pray God.' ants in the State of New Jersey. "1 wonder if one may read a The church workers are all foreign- born but English-speaking. Some goodly portion of the philosophy of financial support comes. from the Presbyterian Board, but in the mat-· their life from it! I think it is a ter of running expenses the church great misfortune to teach the full is self-governing, supported by the contributions of the members. At grown men English by means of the present the congregation is paying the interest on a $4,000 mortgage. silly books' too sochftoeonlsfou*nd*in *PubWliec School night The social service activities are in line with those conducted at the lose a golden opportunity if in those Katherine House, and similar de- days when the new light of the Eng- lish language breaks on them we do not give them the thing which has made the English language the great force it is, the religion of Jesus Christ."

A CHURCH EXTENSION PROJECT nominational institutions, and are From Newark, New Jersey, where quite as extensive. The distinction 75% of the population is foreign- would seem to be that where these born, comes a clear echo to this ring- houses serve a community socially ing conviction. Here, ten years ago, and accept as the fruits of their the Presbyterians launched a plan labor general community betterment for work among immigrants, which or single instances of conversion the scorns to shirk the religious duties "Friendly Centers" are primarily for involved. Distinctive as a type of organizing a church carrying their combined friendly visiting" social social work simply as a part of the service and straight church work, it church program. Thus three of goes bv a name which established its the five centers have already devel- success from the outset. Who would oped into churches and a fourth is not warm to a "Friendly Center"? well alonK the same road. .

Apparently the appeal is strong, for The "Friendly Centers" are the

children of Dr. Davis W. Lusk, value of the personal touch cannot Superintendent of the Presbytery of be over-estimated. To "love thy Newark, and he is frankly and cour- neighbor" is the point, and it is good ageously for the Christian approach to see Christian people on all sides to the new American. The Friendly rise to meet a Christian obligation. Centers are religious centers and the people are made to understand this. There is a pastor's wife "up state" The great social work which is done whose work with a young Persian is only added testimony to the power family bears convincing testimony of Christianity to meet the social to the weight of individual influence. need. He is in favor of such a pol- "Seven years ago," she writes, "on icy as against that of the ordinary settlement house which excludes re- our return from our summer vacaligion. He does not agree with the tion, a Persian woman twenty-two idea that to do successful work with years old came to our home. She the foreign-born the Church must had been married about six months. submerge itself. He recognizes the Her husband had worked near New fact that every agency for uplift York, but they had decided to come does some good, but he is "out for to our city. He had no occupation the best." in mind and they were very poor. He had been a mason and bricklayer And he adds his voice with all in Persia. He spoke but little Engpossible emphasis to the multitude lish. He had never been able to of cries already raised for efficient read or write in Persian. He was leadership-for MEN and WOMEN willing, strong, honest and temperof a personality that WINS. Hap- ate. The wife was a very bright pily he is very definite on the ele- young woman. She had been eduments of such a personality-char- cated and could read and write in acter, initiative, judgment, full sym- Persian, Turkish and Arabic." Here pathy with the new Americans (im- was good material, needing only a plying knowledge of background, capable and sympathetic hand to so antecedents and racial prejudices), weave it in the warp and woof of and, not least of all, an appearance the nation that it might become a and manner that is prepossessing and strength rather than a weakness. lovable. He looks upon such leader- The wife was not strong, the husship as the most important single band lacked the education to hold his factor in the success of the work. ground, there was danger that the children that· came could not be WINNING A PERSIAN FAMll,y properly cared for. There were long The question of personality brings periods of anxiety, unemployment us to the very crux of the whole and want. But for seven years their matter. In the field of Christian good friend, the pastor's wife, stood Americanization, as in every other by, and in the name of "friend" sphere of endeavor, Christianity puts taught the young wife English, the responsibility squarely upon the helped the husband to get employindividual. Group achievement of- ment, kept the couple sheltered and fers no refuge to the slacker. The fed, and was their continual refuge whole is no better than anyone of in times of perplexity and trouble. its parts and no group work can They are now living in Connecticut. ever be effective that is not backed by whole-hearted service from On Thanksgiving Day the pastor's every man and woman engaged in it. wife received a postal card from the The problem of Americanization is mother, saying they were all well of national magnitude and can never .3.nd were prospering. come to final success until it has the active support of every citizen. The A closing word f rom this same Christian neighbor reveals the snares along the road of assimilation, bid- ding us walk the path with open

BEST METHODS

eyes and a helping hand continually beginning the work grew until the outstretchec;l in fellowship: dozen pupils have grown into hun- "Christian people in America are dreds. The girls have married and more interested in foreign missions formed new families. During the in Persia than they are in missions years many have moved away but'

for Persians in America. To be a I never forget any of the many hun- good, faithful friend here to these dreds and try to keep in touch with foreigners is not as agreeable nor as them as far as possible. Every dear easy as to give a small sum of money little baby that comes into the home for foreign missionary work. In of one of my girls is brought to me this way one's conscience is soothed by the proud parents who say: 'Miss and the small effort expended costs Rau, let him be yours as we were very little in personal service. If yours. Teach him the same way.'

we ever succeed in reaching these Almost every Sunday a dear grand- foreign people we must be friends mother waits with her children that and wise counselors and patient I may kiss them and pray for God's workers, or the work of Americani- richest blessing on them for the zation will never be properly done." week. I have my fourth generation of Christians now in our church- }<'ROM MULBERRY STREET TO THE the Franklin Avenue Italian Presby- ENDS OF THE EARTH terian Church. Not long ago a fine Twenty-seven years ago Miss looking man came to an evening Anita Rau was ill. The cause of meeting, together with a beautiful her illness was not a germ, neither girl of another church where fifteen was it a fall nor a fracture. Her years ago I worked as a missionary. illness was the result of a visit. For He said playfully: 'Miss Rau, please the first time in her life Miss Rau pull my ears again just as you used had been taken to see the slums of to when I was in mischief. This Mulberry Street, New York. She time I have carried off one of your could not throw off the impression girls but I promise to make her made by the conditions in which men happy.' Now they have gone to and women and little children lived Michigan where they have a beautiin those congested quarters with the ful home which is another Christian passing exclamation of the sight- center. seer who goes a-slumming-HOh, "These spiritual children of mine isn't it dreadful!" She went home and was so ill from the shock of have gone out into all parts of the world-hundreds of them-and lam what she had seen that she had to happy no matter how long nor how go to bed. While lying on her back hard the day. The key to success with those pictures constantly before in reaching the Italians and other her the call came to her, "It is not foreign-born people in our great for you to mourn and lament con- , cities is real love for each individual, ditions, yours is the opportunity to coupled with constant activity in inget up and help right the wrong." terpreting this love in our every day So she arose and faced the task and living with them."

met the opportunity. METHODS ACTUALLY TESTED In telling her story Miss, Rau said: By Frank Ormall Beck "I placed myself under the instruction of the City Mission so that I Dr. Beck has done a great work as a Methodist might know how to do the work and pastor among new Americans inInCthcriccahguor~hHe is also in charge of the Survey in t-hat City reach the people who sadly needed Immigration has placed ' upon help. Then I began making gar- American institutions their severest ments for the class oJ twenty-five test. Noone of our institutions has Italian girls whom I had picked up been affected more than has the for my first class. From this little Christi-an Chqrch. 'Yet upon', 'the

Church rests a great responsibility men and children related themselves in Amerjcanizing the foreign-speak- directly and .personally with the ing .groups. . children and men and women who The World War tested the work spoke the foreign tongue. The Bo- of Americanization, and it was not hemian mother who had lived in found wanting. However, racial America twenty-five years without consciousness was emphasized during coming in direct contact with the this international conflict, and the family life of America was invited task presented to the Church today into the American home. The is a new one. American girl shared the social life The following method has been of ·her home with her Greek girl tested: classmate. The Italian Clergyman (1) The Church became ac- who had ministered to his people for quainted with the foreigner. This ten years received his first invitation acqataintance could only be secured to dine in the home of his Englishby visits into their homes. Women speaking fellow pastor.

had to do the major part of this, for Thus the Church learns that the they can more effectually (break attitude of a foreign-speaking group through the natural reserve. Meet- is but a reflex of our attitude toward ings for mutual understanding and them. It is just as necessary that we appreciation were held, for it was help them to understand us as that just as necessary for mutual under- we make every effort to understand standing that the American know the them.

* * * place of Garibaldi in the Italian's life as that the Italian understand BAPTIST AMERICANIZATION WORK the place of Washington in the By Alice T. Anderson American's life. The members of the Board of (2). The Church defended the for- Education of Akron, Ohio, cooperate eigner. The foreigner has been ex- with the Baptists in their. work ploited beyond the knowledge of the among the Roumanians, for they are general public. They have been anxious to be of service to the for- pawns on the chess board of Ameri- eign-speaking men and women.

can selfishness. They send teachers to help in the They err often through ignorance classes organized. Their interest in- of the law. Ignorance of the law is cludes any class started in. a school- found to be a cause of many of their house, factory: church or private offenses. home.

The Church furnished volunteer * * '" workers to aid such ignorant law- Fifty-three pupils were taught durbreakers. At the bar of justice they ing the month of De-~mberin· the interpreted to the judge the inner English department of the Japanese facts gathered through this close ac- Women's Home of Seattle, Vashing- quaintance. In this ministry, Ameri- ton. It is reported that this is the can Christianity was· interpreted to only English school in Seattle.· that them as Sincerity and Justice. has translation teachers. The mem- Against all forms of exploitation bers of the English classes are in- the Church protested. This it did vited to attend the Adult English most effectually by teaching the for- Bible class held at the center on * * eigner the points at which he is Sunday afternoons. most liable to be the victim of de- >Ie.

signing selfishness. In the Polish classes condueted in (3) The Church recognized the connection with one of the Baptist hqnger for broth,erhood. Here it missions of Buffalo, New York, were fo~nd opportllnity for establishing both Catholics and Jews, coming to d~nite personal r~atio1.~hips with. the church building and getting on forej~-speaking people. Men, WQ- friendly terms with the church melll-

BEST METHODS

bers. Thus prejudice was broken heart and life were filled with the Spirit of Christ and she sought on down. every occasion to interpret His life and teaching. As far as I have been *** able to ascertain, nearly all of the group of fourteen or fifteen girls CONVINCING THE JEWS have been won definitely for Christ, and a number of them are now en- By Henry L. Hellyer gaged in active service for Him. Everyone who has made an open Jewish Missionary of the Presbyterian stand has had to drink the bitter cup of suffering and persecution. Sim- Board of Home Missions ple Christian life and Christian kind- ness led to their conversion. There is perhaps no more difficult problem conf ronting the Church of Another experience will indicate Christ today than the problem at what a change the reading of the finding a proper method of approach New Testament made in the life of a to the Jewish mind and heart with young Jewish lad. the Gospel of Christ. Protestant America faces the task of evangeliz- I was asked to make the acquaint- ing 3,500,000 .of its Jewish citizens. ance of a Jewish newsboy and seek, Can it be done? if possible, to influence him for Christ. I learned he had been Many and varied have been the at- shifted to another location and ques- tempts. But so far they have been tioned .another Jewish lad concerning only individual and sporadic efforts. his whereabouts. When this second boy surmised that I wished to speak Perhaps a little more light may to his companion about Christ he behelp clear away some of the difficul- gan to use most abusive and obscene ties that are apparently in the way. Christians must once for all learn at language, calling Christ by all kinds least three things about the Jew. of unmentionable names. N otbing First, that centuries of bitter persecu- could calm him for he had no undertion on the part of Christendom has standing of the blessed Christ. led this people to identify basic Christian teaching with anti-semitism The following Sunday the lad and with Jew beating. Second, mod- whom I had sought was on duty on ern Judaism, in almost all of its this particular corner. When he forms, is not the Judaism of the Old learned of what happened the pre- Testament prophets. (Especially is this true of the Tudaism as univer- vious week his comely face became sally practiced by orthodox or Rabbinic Jews:) And, third, the Jew, in sad and he said simply: "He cerspite of his wonderful attainment tainly does not know. He never along many lines, is appallingly ig- read this little book (pointing to a norant of the simple contents of the small New Testament that he had New Testament. He has a totally taken out from his inside pocket). wrong notion of what the New Tes- If he had only read it, as I have tament teaches or what its basic prin- tried again and again to get him to ciples are. do, he wouldn't have such foolish The following experience will sug- ideas about it or about Jesus. He gest at least one simple method of certainly would not call Jesus by approach. such foul names."

A numb~r of years ago a conse- There is the difference! This lad crated Christian young woman as- has come in contact with Christ sumed the responsibility of guiding through the reading of the New Tesand supervising a club of Jewish tament. Christian, think on these girls in a mission located near the things! Give Christ a chance. Give ghetto. Her task was to teach them Him a chance to get in touch with sewing, knitting, cooking and the the Jewish boys and girls of Amerlike. There was nothing peculiarly ica. They need Him! religious, much less Christian, about her job, but this' young woman's

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMJ;;R, Montclair, N. J.

THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE Christian allegiance in terms of World The first National Conference of Citizenship. Church Women in the history of the Two hundred and eighty of them, world met at Washington, D. C., on February 7th, 1920. It was called to- representing twenty-one denomina-· gether by the Women's Activities De- tions, heard and had visualized by partment of the Interchurch World means of stereopticon, maps and Movement which, because of haste and charts, the results of a world survey. urgency, issued its invitations by tele- The distressing and indefensible conse~ . grams, one signed for the Interchurch quences of lack of Protestant coopera- by Robert Lansing, Chairman of the tion were brought home, as was the ap- General Committee; John R. Mott, palling apathy of Christians, due large- Chairman of the Executive Committee; ly to ignorance of these conditions. S. Earl Taylor, Executive Secretary, and W. H. Foulkes, Vice-Chairman of Knowledge, then, was the first key- the Executive Committee; the other note of the conference, after which signed for the Women's Activities De- came Plan-of the Interchurch World partment by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer, Movement-which provides for Power Director; Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett, in terms of money, lives and prayer. President of the Council of Women for Home Missions, and Mrs. William That the price of success must be Boyd, President of the Federation of paid in consecrated lives was brought Women's Boards of Foreign Missions. out in the address of welcome by Mrs. The Committee of Arrangements in- JosephUS Daniels.· She told of the boy cluded, in addition, Mrs. Woodrow who left home to fight in France, with Wilson, Mrs. Thomas R. Marshall, the words of his last cOJIlmunion ring- Mrs. Robert Lansing, Mrs. JosephUS ing in his ears. "This is my body and Daniels, Mrs. George W. Coleman, blood, broken for Thee." And one day when they brought him, shattered Miss Mabel Cratty, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, and torn, on a stretcher to a hospital, Mrs. Henry P. Davison, Mrs. William he murmured in his agony, "My body F. McDowell, Mrs. John R. Mott. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Mrs. Wallace and blood, Lord Jesus . . . offered Radcliffe, Mrs. Paul Raymond, Mrs. for Thee." John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Mrs. Finley Keeping the spiritual eyes of that .T. Shepard, Mrs. H. R. Steele and gathering fixed upon ·the vision, and correlating every speech to the task, Mrs. William A. Montgomery. was the Chairman, Mrs. Henry W . From the opening statement of the Peabody, of Beverly, Mass., the one American woman on the Edinburgh Chairman, at two o'colck on Saturday, Continuation Committee. February 7th, to the last sentence at the luncheon, two days later, the con- In exalting the purpose of the Inter- ference revealed itself as a body fully church World Movement, Mrs. Peaconscious of its historic place and re- body said: "While Congressmen are sponsibility. It was no casual conven- considering if we shall have a League tion of fluttering badges and gay greet- of Nations, we realize today.we have a ing. It was a solemn. radiant hour League of Churches which shall, withwhen the women of the Church of out yielding any distinctive power, Christ faced, and unitedly assumed, unite in making the world a Christian the heritage of the World War. And kingdom." they were women of world education, world view, world concern-broad- Dr. W. H. Foulkes, Vice-Chairman minded womev y'o interpret their of the Executive Committee, traced the origin of the Movement. It was humanly rather prosaic, he said, little groups of men and women getting tid- 298 ings from different parts of the world any other one subject. Sixteen out of and conferring in the several Iklard offices, until one day, a little over a His thirty-six parables have to do with year ago, 125 of these people convened for a day. "'!'he hour has come," said this, and one-sixth of the gospels deal that gathering, "when the whole Church must face the whole of hu- with this money test business. "When man need with the whole Christ." you realize," said he, "that the income That was the vision. After several days of work and prayer the findings of of Protestant Church members in that group were submitted to the six bodies represented, everyone of which America for the year 1918 was unanimously determined that the hour had come for the united advance of $10,000,000,000 and we have given, the Protestant forces in North America. There was not one dissenting word for all purposes, just one quarter of or vote. So the Movement was launched. one per cent of that amount, you will Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Executive Sec- see that there can be no real advance in retary of the Interchurch, spoke of the initial difficulties in learning to "play the Church of Christ"until the people the new game" together; of the doubt that existed in many minds until the get their income on the altar." "The great conference of January at Atlantic City. There 1750 church leaders Statistical Mirror," by Dr. W. B. Holadopted the program with unanimous voice. Then followed the Laymen's lingshead, "The American Survey," by Conference in Pittsburgh-laymen from thirty-five states, representing R. E. Diffendorfer, and "The Foreign every phase of business and professional life–where was launched one Survey," by Dr. Taylor, were appallof the outstanding features of the Movement-the Lay Activities side. ing revelations of Protestant short- "Now, Madam Chairman," said Dr. Taylor, "the third Conference that in- coming. spires me with hope for this Movement is the one just assembled. As a mere Miss Julia Lathrop, Director of the man I pause to say that from the standpoint of executive capacity, from the National Child Labor Bureau, prestandpoint of far-seeing statesmanship, from the standpoint of highly sented some disconcerting figures. A effective and well organized and de- quarter of a million preventable deaths veloped work, your work has ndt been of children under twelve months occur surpassed by any work in any part of the world; not only because of your annually in the United States. Six or leadership and what you have done at home and abroad, but because of what seven other nations are ahead of the you are in the home from the standpoint of child life." United States in care of children. New Dr. Cushman, Director of the De- Zealand infant mortality rate is just partment of Christian Stewardship, called attention to the fact that Jesus half that of the United States. In the has more to say about the relation between money and consecration, be- death rate of women in wchairl,dbfiorutrh~ tween possessions and life, than about America stood, before the teenth on the list. Our illiteracy rate is higher than at least six other na- tions and 7.7 per cent of our people cannot read nor write.

Dr. A. E. Cory, Director of the Field Department, outlined the organization of the Interchurch World Movement and its program for the 50,000,000 United States Protestant constituency upon whom rests the responsibility of reaching the one billion of the world's inhabitant., still in utter darkness.

Mrs. E. C. Cronk, of the same De- partment, explained the machinery by which will be reached "The Last Woman in the Last Church." Side by side with the men, the women will meet and train and speak, until every state and county and parish have been permeated with the knowledg-e of Christian responsibility and the in- spiration of the hour of opportunity.

"Our Task in America" was pre- sented by Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett,

"Americanization of our 30,000,000 Activities Department, followed with immigrants ,is not enough," she said. an inspirational address on "The Hour It must be Christian Americanization, of Christian Opportunity." and it must be undertaken with the realization that we ourselves are immi- Address by Miss Chu of China grants. In New Yark City but seven per cent of the population are iden- One of the unfortunate words that tified with evangelical churches, and were added to my English vocabulary only one-third of the 750,000 school was the word, "denomination." When children are receiving any sort of re- I was in China I did not know what "denomination" meant at all. I prized ligious instruction. the name "Interchurch," because church to me stood for the house of That three-fourths of the women of God where the life of Jesus Christ was the world are illiterate, as a result of told, the principles of God were taught, the woman-degrading religions of Ori- and from which the source of moral ental conntries, was the opening state- strength sprang. Church denominament of Mrs. William A. Montgomery tions are not only a puzzle to me, but in outlining our foreign task That they are a puzzle to many Chinese Christ, the Emancipator of women and students, whether Christians or nonlittle children, should not be joyously Christians. Up to now, and after havacknowledged in this fair land of ours ing given full credit to Luther, Calvin, -that woman who has here the pro- Wesley, and whoever the founders of tection which Christ has thrown around denominations may be, I still can not her, should remain worldly, unlovely, see the u~e of having different church selfish, parasitic, is a spectacle to make denominations. Forgive my frankthe demons laugh it is so hideous. ness, but I all) sure you want me to say what I think. But I believe in the ab- Inspiring examples of the results al- solute necessity of a united Church ready achieved in this line were the of God. two-minute addresses of eight young women who had been trained in mis- The thing that induced me to accept sion schools. Mrs. Motak spoke for the invitation'to come to you without the Czecho-Slovak women, Miss Mar- hesitation was the combination of the agelia for the Italians, Miss Yeghan- sight, sound, and meaning of the word, ian for the Armenians, Mrs. Baes for "Interchurch." I said to myself, "Now the Spanish, Miss Meek for the North I have a chance to present this prob- American Indian, Madam Tawada for lem." After the Des Moines Student the women of Japan, Senorita Rayner Volunteer Convention, one of the nonfor Mexico and Miss Chu for China. Christian Chinese students was greatly Mrs. Robert E. Lansing expressed to moved. This student, though not a the conference her pleasure at being a Christian by name, believed in prayer, delegate and her deep sympathy with read the Bible, and finds therein inthe Movement. Mr. A. M. Dulles, of spiration and help; with all her earnest- Auburn, N. Y., President Womerr's ness she still feels that she is an out- Educational and Industrial Union, and sider without being publicly recognized a sister of Mrs. Lansing, made a plea as a member of the Church, but she for that same spirit in the work for does not care to join the Episcopalian Jesus Christ that had animated war or the Methodist or the Baptist work for our country, with all bar- Church. What she wants to join is the united Church of God based on riers swept away. the principles and teachings of Jesus "The Hour of Living Faith" was the Christ, not of any religious sect; since there is not such a Church, the quessubject chosen by Mrs. Farmer in the tion is, would you forc·e her to join last devotional period, to emphasize the Episcopalian or the Methodist or the only means by which the world the Baptist or whatever the denomburden could be shouldered and car- ination would be? I shall appreciate ried.

Dr. D. A. Poling, of the Laymen's

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

an answer from you either in person Physically, she needs to have an or through your message to my friend, organized nation-wide health moveor through writing, and I will surely ment, to attend to public sanitation, convey your message to my friend. and tQ preach personal hygiene. She needs more doctors, surgeons, nurses, I am sent here particularly to tell hospitals, and clinics of all kinds. She you the need of China. Why has needs free gymnasiums, parks and China appealed to America? There playgrounds for the recreation of both must be some reasons to justify China's adults and children. cry for help. There are two altematives~ Either China is so aged that she Mentally, she needs more schools, has a right to claim the protection and colleges, universities, laboratories, muattention of the younger generation, or seums, botanical gardens, zoological China is so young that she must have parks, good picture shows, good the guidance and help of her older dramas, new music. brother. According to human law, the weak old grandfather has to be taken Morally, she needs to be rid of the care of by his sons and grandchildren, corrupt officials, the habits of laziness, while the little sister must be guided by indifference and irresponsibility. her elder brother. China can be regarded as either old or young, but we Religiously she needs the united prefer to think of her as the young Church of God in which her sons and China, for the young China suggests a daughters can have common worship new republic. and individual consecration, and from which unlimited strength and power Republic means democracy, and de- can be drawn. mocracy means individual thinking and individual participation; and indi- China's great need is for both men vidual thinking and participation and women leaders and teachers who mean growth and progress. are well equipped with physical ener- gy, mental abilities, and spiritual Another point must be made clear power, the power of God. about big Brother Sam and little nineyear sister China. When a big brother Big brother Sam, your little sister helps his little sister in her school China is grateful to you for your past studies, it does not mean that the little sacrifice, but she still needs your physisister does not have to work hard her- cal, mental, moral, and religious guidself. She has got to work hard, or else ance. Have patience, brother, little the guidance and help of the big broth- sister China will work hard, and beer would be of no avail. Here are fore long you will find that your some of the needs of your little sister brotherly worries and efforts for China: guiding your little sister have not been spent in vain. Politically, she needs more time for self-adjustment without the interfer- MESSAGES SENT BY SISTER COLence of foreign aggression. LEGES TO THE STUDENT GATHER- Economically, she still needs to have adequate le'ans for opening up her re- ING AT BOSTON, NOVEMBER, 1919. sources, for extending her railways, and for increasing her industries. Ginling College, Nanking, China. To the College Girls of America: Socially, she needs to throwaway her injurious superstitious beliefs, her College girls in China are more harmful customs, such as the subor- like you than they are like the girls in China who have been shut dination of women, and the compul- out from the abundant life of. the sory marriage system. She needs to spirit which Christ gives to wom- an. "There is neither East nor be purged from the habit of using in- West" in this life. All the little toxicants such as opium, cigarettes, differences in dress and customs and alcoholic drinks, no matter add only richness like the colors of whether they are native or foreign a sunset,-make you more interproducts. esting to them and they to you. They begin the day and you take

it up as they seek rest. May the der the same Master Teacher.

common purpose to serve the one . But when we graduate, we go Master bind the college girls of .out to face problems such, we are the world into a never-resting force told, as have no parallel in Amer- which shall be felt like the sun- ica.

light in all the dark corners of the We therefore need your fellow- earth. Matilda C. Thurston, Pres. ship, and with its help we pledge * '" '" Madras, India. you a new India. You already have our love and devotion for The .one hundred students in our what you have done for India's Woman's Christian College, Ma- women and girls. You set the dras, India, send greetings rto the College bells ringing their mes- Students in America. sage of the Kingdom of God. Help "It has remained for the grad- us a little longer till we can help uates of our American Colleges to ourselves. .

bring to these daughters of India Yours in comradeship of service an enthusiasm for the great, new for the generation to which we learning of our time and it is receiv- belong.

ing a hearty welcome." The Students We wish you to have God's These mess*age*s ar*e from our own blessing on your meeting, and we shall pray that great good may be church schools which are doing col- lege work. gained from it. .

*** Foochow, China, October 23, 1919. Woman's Christian Union College, Tokyo, Japan. "Students Hour, Romans Ten To the young women garthered. Fourteen,… F.i.fte*en, Come."

in fellowship to celebrate the J ubi- lee Year of the Woman's Mission- Hua Uang, Seoul, Korea; ary Society of the Methodist We, the students of Ewha Hak- Church in America,'we the Chris- tang send greetings to the College tian students of the Woman's girls of America. We .have heard Christian Union College in Japan, of your beautiful College buildings send hearty greetirigs, sincere con- and equipment, furnishing such gratulations and hear-tful thanks. wonderful opportunirties to girls.

We realize that we are ourselves vVe feel sure that out of so many to some extent the product of the thousands there are some who, work begun fifty years ago, and it preparing for service, are inter- is our earnest purpose to carryon ested in the girls of Korea. We this work, and help forward, as need you to help us into the same you have done, the establishment light and liberty American women of His Kingdom who is the Prince enjoy. For you we are especially of Peace and the Brother of us praying and eagerly await your all, of every clime and race. cominl!'. Do not disappoint us.

Shige Namba. To the Young Women of the Mis- *** sionary Society in Boston assem- Isabella Thoburn College, India. bled, Greetings: Lucknow, September 1919. "Kwassui" extends her hand Dear Fellow Students: across sea and land in loving as- In this great school-house of the surance of oneness in aim and world we are all students together united effort for the salvation of though in· different class-rooms. our country, for Christ.

We study different text-books, but Join us in prayer that this may we learn the same truths. Our in- be speedily achieved.

structors are many but we are un- Elizabeth Russell.

FROM MANY

INDIA Evangelistic work has been done con- tinually, and has borne fruit. Telngu Mission Conference Homes are found for orphans in Christian families; girls and women THE American Baptist Telugu have been rescued from lives of sin; Mission met in Conference at child wives are sent to school and Ongole December 17-23. In the dis- withal, many women are reading the cussion concerning the Ramapatnam Bible and trusting God in the s<:;clu- Theological Seminary it was agreed sion of their homes. that candidates for the ministry should have one year's preliminary At present, the staff numbers nine training in evangelistic work before doctors, six assistant doctors, six entering the seminary. This will be staff nurses,· and eleven other helpers. a means of testing the adaptability of prospective candidates. The pro- .CHINA posal was also made to unite with the Canadian Baptist Mission in the es- Consecrated Wealth in China tablishment of a single Seminary to train students of both Mi"sions. I T IS surprising to find how many men of China have acquired great The ~ssner Mission wealth. In the port cities, especially those of the South like Foochow, AT THE sixth annual meeting of Amoy and Swatow, one finds palatial the National Missionary Council residences occupied by retired merof India, recently held at Lahore, the chants who have made their "pile" in grant of autonomy to the Gassner Manila, the Straits Settlement or by Mission Christians was approved. trade from their home ports. While An Advisory Board was also ap- many of these are using their money pointed to consist of five members, in a purely selfish way, an increasing one to be a Lutheran, another an number are contributing to education, Anglican and the remaining three to philanthropy and to religious work. be residents in Chota-Nagpur. This In Amoy a Chinese resident has Board will serve as an administrative given $3,000,000 for public education body in educational matters, as a in that section of Fukien. Although Board of Reference to the Trustees a non-Christian he is consulting with and as a medium of communication American and English missionaries with outside Christian bodies. as to the best application of this fund. Chang Po-ling, the head of an -Christian Patriot. Independent Christian high school for boys which enrolls more than 1,000 Ludhiana Medical College students, has already raised $750,000 out of a million dollar fund to or- A RETROSPECT of the past ganize a colIege department in the twenty-five years. in the Wo- school, and expects the whole sum men's Christian Medical College at to be contributed by the Chinese. So Ludhiana shows that sixty-one stu- thoroughly do the non-Christian dents have graduated in medicine, Chinese of Tientsin and Peking beand fifty-three as nurses, while more lieve in Chang Po-ling that they than one hundred and eighty have be- gladly support his work Chinese come certified midwives. business men are learning self-depen- dence and stewardsbip. During the eighteen years that the hospital has been open, the beds have C. H. Patton. increased to· 150. In-patients have numbered 24,309, operations 17,116 and visits to out-patients 789,819.

303

Worshipping a Rubbish Heap and finally consented to attend a meeting, where he, too, found new REV. HENRY FERGUSON of life in Christ. the China Inland Mission gives a glimpse of heathendom when he de- Christian Hotel for Business Men scri'bes a vast crowd of people outside of Chenyangkwan worshipping a CHRISTIAN pastors and leaden! rubbish heap. Someone had chanced of Shanghai have a plan under to discover that the earth was show- way to provide a respectable hotel ing "signs of divinity" at that iden- for Chinese merchants who come to tical spot and accordingly a shrine Shanghai. The idea is to safeguard had been erected. For days a steady Christian traders against the immorstream of people came and went, ality that abounds in many hotels, burning incense and paper money and to shield them from crooks. It and presenting their petitions. At is furthermore intended to assist in another village a crowd was ob- every kind of business, such as the served worshipping a 'bridge and purchase of home or foreign prodpraying for healing, the bridge hav- ucts, insurance, banking, etc., and to ing displayed "signs of divinity." serve as middleman between buyer and seller. The project will be Chinese Official and Christianity known as "The Chinese Christian Commercial Agency." GEO. CHIEN HSU, Chinese Min- lister of Justice in Canton, has Chinese Recorder. written a pamphlet on "Christianity and the Saving of the Nations," in Nanking Chnrch Sends Ont Missionary which he states his belief that democratic governments are built upon the THE fir;t missionary of the Nanprinciples of Christianity, and that in king Presbyterian Church is accordance with the principles of the Mrs. Lu. At a meeting of the Woteaching of Christ, a nation may with man's Executive Committee, a re- Christian motive intervene in the af- port was made of $100 received to fairs of another. He believes that establish outside missionary work, the dissolution of China is imminent, but the committee was at a loss to and states that militarism and autoc- know who could be sent. Mrs. racy are its chief enemies. If Chris- Lu, one of the local workers, arose' tianity gains the victory China will and 'said she had come to the meetcertainly be saved. ing to say she had felt for months the Lord had work for her else- Chinese Recorder. where, so the committee decided to send her to a needy district in Hu- A Chinese Christian's Triumph nan. Her salary is entirely pro- vided. A MISSIONARY in Tengchoufu tells of a Chinese woman who se- Another Opium Bonfire cretly stole out at her back gate, carrying her work with her, to study the PUBLIC attention should be di- "Jesus teaching" in the tent services. rected to the shipments of mor- After the third day she did not briqg phia into China from America in her straw braiding, but gave her contravention of American regulawhole attention to listening. Her tions, which forbid ships of Amerihusband awaited her return to give can registry carrying opium. Exher a sound beating, but she quietly portation of morphia from England said: "I get home in time to cook to China is forbidden, but it appears for you, and do al1 your work, why that America has not taken similar may I not learn about eternal joy? action. Recently, a stock of opium I have a Saviour pleading for me." and morphia, which had been seized, The husband was discerning enough was publicly burned outside the Temto see that her life was transformed, ple of Agriculture in Peking. Its value was $150,000.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

President Hsii Shih-Chang has ment for Christianity that cannot be given $2,000 to the International met and resisted. An American Anti-Opium Association, and Pre- teacher was employed in a secular mier Chin Yun-Peng $1,000. Other school in Japan with the understand- members of the Cabinet are also con- ing that he was not to mention Chris- tributing generously. tianity, but the silent influence of his Christian life was so profound that JAPAN-CHOSEN some forty of his pupils, unknown to Social Program for Japan him, made a covenant to abandon THE Japanese Advertiser, a lead- idolatry. Later, twenty-five of the ing English language newspaper forty entered a Christian school and of the Orient, reports the following some of this number became minis- resolutions adopted by the Japan ters of the Gospel among their own Methodist Church, concerning social people.

reform: "We reiterate our belief in total Never Heard of Christ S abstinence as the wise course for the EVEN Japanese girls from the Freshman class of a college in individual and in restrictive legisla- tion, leading to the complete prohi- Kyoto recently attended an "At * * * bition of the traffic in alcoholic Home" given by a Y. W. C. A. secdrinks. Japan cannot af- retary of that city. There was much ford, even on purely selfish grounds, surprise among the guests when some to have her manhood weakened and of the students produced Bibles and desolated by the liquor trade. began to ask questions. The sur- "We st<!nd for the protection of prise grew as the conversation pro- the family, by the single standard of gressed, for the questioners seemed purity, careful divorce laws, proper q~ite unable to understand the sim- regulation of marriage and proper plest statements.

housing, for such regulation of the Finally, the hostess asked how conditions of toil for women as shall many had studied the life of Christ.

safeguard the physical and moral Nobody had. "How many have habits of the community and for the ever heard about Christ at all?" she fullest possible development of every continued. One girl had heard a child, especially by the provision of very little. They had merely heard proper education and recreation, and that there was a new religion which by the abolition of child labor. was not presented in their college "We stand for a living wage as a course, and with the simple direct- minimum in every industry and for ness of the truth seeker after wis- the highest wage that each industry dom, had gone directly to the nearest can afford, and for the most equit- person who could explain it to them.

able division of the product of indus- try that can ultimately be devised. Reported Japanese Reforms "We call upon our members as em- JAPANESE statesmen acknowledge ployers and wage earners to carry that the harsh policy of their govout these principles that brotherhood ernment toward Koreans has been a may be understood in economic life failure. They further acknowledge and truly Christian civilization may the necessity for reforms in the land be achieved. Thus shall Jesus Christ laws which have deprived the Kobe glorified and the Church serve reans of their property. Fifty-two mankind." Koreans were summoned before the Governor-General for conference, an The Christian Advocate.

Actions Louder than Words advisory council of Koreans was con- vened, and Protestant mission work- "LIVING epistles, known and read ers were asked to express their views of all men" furnish an argu- to the Governor-General. They reg-

istered a protest against cruelties. when their own children have a part Although it has been announced that in the program. flogging of prisoners will cease after April 1, 1920, this torture is still be- Vests for the Lepers ing inflicted. NOTHING is more acceptable to a Important reforms in school cur- leper than a good warm vest, ricula have been announced, as have rules discriminating in favor of Japa- and these are as acceptable to the nese officials in status and pay. It is stated that the Japanese government women as to the men. Dr. R. M. made substantial contributions toward rebuilding burned villages, Wilson, Kwangju, Korea, asks that while Japanese Christians raised considerable money toward restoring Sunday-schools undertake to collect Korean churches. old vests that hang unused in every Albertus Pieters. home and send to the Lepers' Home F'orward Movement ~n Korea at Kwangju. PERSECUTION and political un- rest in Korea is not stopping It would cost about $2.00 or more Christian work. The General Assembly of the Korean Presbyterian to have these warm vests made in Church, meeting in Pyengyang last October, decided to inaugurate a Korea. To buy the material and pay three years' "Forward Movement" campaign similar to the "New Era for the making would amount to Movement" of the Northern Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and about ten dollars a vest in Korean the "Centenary Movement" of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A money. Ten vests, therefore, would committee of thirty-six, three from each Presbytery, was appointed by mean one hundred dollars' worth of the Assembly to direct this Forward Movement. comfort to the lepers.

The present year is to be largely About 300 lepers in all are cared one of preparation, followed by a year of evangelistic effort in every for in this home at a cost of about section of the country. The third year will be characterized by Sunday- $2.50 a month for each leper. . school development and young people's work. Anyone interested in rendering this Extension Sunday Schools worth while service of helping to A SPECIAL feature of the work keep the lepers warm can send the at Andong consists of Extension Sunday-schools for the children of bundle by parcel post, marked "Old non-Christian parents. Whenever the attendance at anyone place reaches Clothes-No Duty," to Dr. Wilson, 100, the children are allowed to hold a service in the city church at which Kwangju, Korea. time they have a program made up of songs, reciting memory verses, and MOSLEM LANDS telling the Gospel story. Many unbelieving mothers beam with pride Palestine and tbe Jews UNDER the lead of Zionist pro- moters, emigration agencies are being formed in Russia, Bukovina and Bessarabia to direct a movement of Jewish people toward their ancient Holy Land. Would-be Russian emi- grants are said to number already 600,- 000, although the Zionist Movement had scant support in Russia before the war. Many of these groups have started on foot. About 20,000 Jews are ready to leave Hungary, includ- ing men of scientific and technical training. Jews of Bulgaria have es- tablished a Palestine bank with capi- tal of 100,000,000 leva. Large num- bers of University students from Germany are on the way and five thousand families in Warsaw have registered. Even those lands with small Jewish popUlation, such as Cen-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tral America, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, grades were asked to choose what Egypt and Venezuela, will send their kind of hand work they wanted. contingents to the homeward swarm- They were to consider three things ing. in making their choice-what would be worth learning for the sake The Arabs of Palestine and neigh- of future use, what could be used boring lands are up in arms against for the good of the school now, and the project, and a third angle of the what they really liked to do. All of whole question is the Pope's opposi- the seventh and eighth grade boys tion. He protests that none of the chose bookbinding, all of the boys of Holy places should be handed over to the sixth grade, carpentry and of the a people who rejected Christ. fifth grade, some chose drawing and some carpentry. Girls wanted dress- A Zionist printing establishment making, embroidery, drawing and has just started in Jerusalem, which typewriting. The last was denied as will employ a thousand workmen. requiring too expensive equipment. The bookbinding has proved most Turkey Loses Dardanenes successful, the oldest member of the senior class proving an excellent THE internationalization of the teacher for the other boys in his Dardanelles and the Bosphorus room. were definitely decided upon by the Allied Supreme Council in February. The Orient. A commission was appointed to decide upon the boundaries of Armenia, Training Center In Smyrna while other commissions were assigned the task of working out de- SMYRNA has been chosen as the tails for policing this international most suitable place for a Young territory. It was decided not to de- Women's Christian Association Servprive Turkey of Constantinople, but ice Center because of its collegiate this was not to be construed as mean- school for gil;ls, whose students are ing that the Allies would deal leni- well fitted for useful service among ently with Turkey, should the Ar- the stricken people of their own land. menian atrocities continue. As a re- The school has just enrolled eighteen sult circulars have been sent out Turkish girls. Thousands of Arby provincial authorities of the Otto- menian girls are being released by man Empire urging that attacks on government order from Turkish non-Moslems will prejudice the Pow- harems, and many are homeless, peners against Turkey. niless and v.¥thout knowledge of re- munerative work. Aside from the The Year at GOOlk Pasha School paramount necessity of teaching these helpless ones practical means of a THE Gedik Pasha School in Con- livelihood, they need to be taught to stantinople has an exceedingly play. Their past few years have mixed constituency. Of the 265 pu- been so full of tragedy that organpils, 113 are Moslems (including at ized recreation is an important part least 13 Persians and two Alban- of their mental and spiritual restoraians) ; 83 Armenians, 66 Greeks, two tion. Syrians and one American. Of all these scarcely more than 30 are Sartorial Service for Orphans Protestant Christians. "CLOTHED while you wait" was The children now sit and work by the slogan for an impromptu grades instead of by nationalities. This allows English to be the lan- haberdashery set up in an old box guage of the whole school. Another car in the railroad yards at Kania new feature has been the introduc- recently. The "tailors" were Near tion of classes in handiwork. Soon East Relief workers and the "trade" after the school opened the children consisted of 250 little Armenian orof the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth

phans who had stopped over for French Protestants Meet at Lyons twenty-four hours while waiting for permission from the railroad authori- THE second general assembly of ties to proceed. . French Protestant churches was held at Lyons in November. All the On account of the threatening Protestant churches of France were situation in Caesarea, these helpless represented, with no manifestation of little creatures were hurried to sectarian cleavage. One indication Smyrna, and when the train was held of this spirit of unity was the resolve unceremoniously at Kania, the wel- to prepare one hymn book for the fare workers stationed there discov- use of all the churches. Another ered that the little travelers were clad was the cordial welcome extended solely in underwear. Hurriedly a to the delegates from Alsace and clothin~ station was set up in one of Lorraine, and the decision to hold the the freight cars, where several bags next assembly in 1924 in Strassburg. The assembly listened to thirteen forof boys' old clothes were distributed. eign delegates, three of whom were After an extremely wild scene all the American and four British. orphans emerged more or less triumphant, with a substantial covering for Tercentenary of Pilgrim Fathers their nakedness. A COMMITTEE has been formed To Study American Farm MethOds in the Netherlands for the observ- ance of the Tercentenary of the sail- FOUAD KHYATT, son of a rich ing of the Pilgrim Fathers. It in- landowner of Bagdad, has ar- cludes several Ministers of State, an rived in the United States to study ex-Premier, the chief Burgomasters agriculture. The young man's father and the leading governors of provowns thousands of acres of land in inces. Dr. Henry Van Dyke of the valley of the Tigris river and Princeton and Dr. J. Rendel Harris there he intends to introduce scien- of Manchester are members from tific farming methods, using Ameri- America and England respectively, as can machinery. In addition to this are Viscount Bryce, the great exhe intends to establish agencies for ponent of American institutions in American farm implements. The Europe, and Lord Reay, the Dutch young man was educated at Robert statesman. College. The larger meetings of the Con- He is greatly interested in the gress will be either in the Cathedral, work of the Near East Relief in or in the great auditorium of Leyden striving to save from starvation the University. Some of the foremost hundreds of thousands of people in men of America and of Holland are western Asia; and obtained his first expected to speak. idea of the great commercial and industrial development in this coun- After two days in Leyden, the try through American relief workers Congress will adjourn to hold servand missionaries in his own country. ices in the ancient Scots Church of Rotterdam, the Church of the exiled World Call. Covenanters banished by Charles II. and in the still more venerable Eng- EUROPE lish Reformed Church in the Bagyn- hof, Amsterdam. New L. M. S. House Protestant Clinic at Brussels T HE headquarters of the London Missionary Society at 16 New FOR some four years there has Bridge Street have been sold and a been maintained in Brussels a new and more desirable site has been Clinique Protestante. At length the purchased opposite St. James' Park work has outgrown the accommoda- Station. This will be entirely ready tion afforded by the premises origfor occupancy in 1921.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

inally occupied, necessitating removal NORTH AMERICA to more spacious quarters. Interchurch Executive Committee En- Dr. Hunnecurt, who supervises aU the surgical fittings and arrange- larged , ments, has been the head of the Red Cross Ambulance at the Royal Pal- THE Executive Committee of the ace throughout the war. Other lead- Interchurch World Movement ing doctors and surgeons have given has been authorized to increase its their services from time to time as required. Many of other faiths, or membership to forty. The new no faith have found help and com- members are: Dr. W. 1. Chamberfort in the skilled attention and Christian atmosphere of this clinic. lain, Reformed Church in America; Dr. Charles R. Watson, United Pres- The Christian. byterian Church; Dr. Charles L. White, Baptist; Dr. A. W. Harris, Waldensian Seminary Re-Opens .l'viethodist; Dr. Joseph H. Apple; THE W a Ide n s ian Theological Reformed Presbyterian Church; Dr. School at Florence, silent for four years, has resumed its activities. H. F. Swartz, Congregational; Al- Thirteen students are in attendance. fred E. Marling, Presbyterian; Mrs. At the reopening Dr. Giovanni Luzzi outlined the aims and attitude of the H. W. Peabody, Baptist and Mrs. W. school, after giving a brief history of M. Boyd, Methodist. its work. The students were warned against two evils which always lie in Service Men to Unite for Church Work wait at the doors of a theological seminary, namely, Rabbinism, which COMMITTEE of Presbyterian he defined as following the letter and A chaplains has undertaken the not the spirit of the law; and Ra- task of organizing "The Allied Comtionalism, which he characterized as rades" among Presbyterian veterans heavier than the Mosaic Law, and of the late war. Since the idea apsterilizes Christianity. parently originated with a Presby- terian, it is to be first developed Preaching in Siberia through Presbyterian. connections, and if successful there, it will even- AN evangelical preacher in Siberia tually extend to other denominations. reports an open door for Gospel The ideal of "The Allied Comrades" is to bear the same purpose toward teaching in that country. the Church that the American Legion "Gospel-thirsty people are like a has in the field of citizenship.

field ready unto harvest. We can In the local church it is not innow work freely. The power of the tended to be an independent society, Greek Catholic Church is broken. but rather a department or subsidiary They no more can stir up the people of whatever men's organization may against the evangelicals for the pur- already exist in the church's working pose of massacres. One can now scheme, whether brotherhood, league, freely preach the Gospel and baptize club, class or invitation committee. converts without asking permission It js an effort to preserve the old batof the Most Holy Synod or from the tlefield comradeship so as to make it governor. Recently I read of a con- the core of a new enlistment in bevention of priests to discuss measures half of Jesus Christ. Explanatory to be taken against us, but we have circulars will be sent anywhere on nothing to fear." request by applying to the National Service Commission, I-56 Fifth Ave- Record of Christian Work. nue, New York City.

The Continent.

The Chnrches and the Coal Strike FOLLOWING the action of the Interchurch World Movement in appointing a commission to investi-

gate industrial conditions relative to Change in Immigration F the steel strike, the Federal Council IGURES recently published show that immigration has been comof churches appointed Dr. Paul Strayer, Dr. Worth Tippy, Dr. John ing in recent years from non-Protes- McDowell and Rev. F. E. Johnson tant countries. The peak of this in- to consider the coal strike. Their coming tide of foreigners was report was considered by the Social reached in 1913, when the arrivals Secretaries of the various denomina- numbered 1,400,000. The Protestant tions, and a statement was sent to all Church membership of theUtiited the churches containing the following States is given as 25,359,890. Ac- paragraph: cordingly, the percentage of immi- "It seems to us that social morality grants in the last pre-war year to the requires that some means be found to Protestant Church membership was organize the coal industry as a co- about 5.6%. This indicates a trend operative public service. Then the toward changed American ;ideals.

moral obligations inherent in the pro- It is said that only one signer of duction, distribution, and use of coal the Declaration of Independence was will be more generally recognized non-Protestant, and in the early and obeyed. Then we may expect period of our history the majority of miners and managers alike to be gov- our immigrants were from Protest- erned by the public good, and the ant countries., public to recognize that it has no Thoughtful Protestants should right to be served at undue cost to watch the immigration legislation the miner." pending in Congress and exert every The Congregationalist. possible influence to safeguard our American ideals in the critical days The Gospel Counteracts RadicaUsm of reconstruction ahead.

THE Evangelistic Committee of ~ New York City has is&Ued their Iowa Churches Need Awakening A annual report, from which it is seen, N awakening along spiritual lines is the need a rural survey suphow the straight Gospel truth is able to counteract Bolshevism and anar- ervisor finds in an Iowa county chy. Street meetings in Russian, where four churches are partly sup- Hungarian and Italian were at first ported by mission boards, though interrupted, but good natured per- practically every resident of the sistence on the part of the speakers county is well-to-do. Seventeen of won' a hearing eventually from Bol- the forty-eight churches in the county shevists, radical socialists and I.W. are closed or without a minister, W. agitators. and twenty are described as merely There is a church in New York existing.

whose lay assistant was once an anarchist editor, and another whose Enlarged Mission Program S staff is chiefly former radicals.OUTHERN Baptists have out- Boy gangs were broken up be- lined a five-year mission program cause the members were taught a which will include the opening of "better way." Children gathered on eighteen new stations in the foreign the streets by "The Story Telling field. Their work already estab- Lady" heard Bible stories eagerly and lished in Africa, Japan, China and learned Christian songs. Groups South America will be reinforced.

who refused to salute the flag or It is also proposed to enter Russia.

sing "America" through Bolshevist This advance program calls for an teachings were won over, and through expenditure of twenty million dollars them parents were reached. in the five years.

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Conference on Race Relations are Vice-Presidents,·Mr. G. P. Raud, THREE thousand Negroes,-farm- 156 Fifth Avenue is Secretary and . ers, teachers, doctors, lawyers, Col. E. N. Sanctuary of Scranton socIal workers,-representing directly eight million negroes of the south Pa., is Treasurer. ' and indirectly several more millions having common economic and educa- New Bible for the Blind tional interests, assembled at the Twenty-ninth Tuskegee Conference THE American Bible Society has to make plans to meet the new economic conditions. The essentials taken steps toward the publication of race relations-better school facilities; the suppression of lynching and .of the Bible in a newly adopted mob violence; the administration of impartial justice through the courts method of point printing for the and public officials; equal accommodations for equal fares on the rail- blind, known as Revised Braille. Two roads and other public carriers; and s~5tems of American origin, quite the problem of the ballot as a source dIfferent from the European Braille of civic protection were among the which 'Was invented by a Frenchman subjects under discussion. The Ne- in 1829, have been so widely used groes who attended the race relations that a need was felt for approximatdiscussion owned property which is ing international uniformity in an conservatively estimated to be worth alphabet for blind readers. The three million dollars. adoption of this revised Braille was the result. The American Bible So- The Conference gave new hope to ciety has made a tremendous contriwhite and colored alike, and pointed buti.on to the literature in raised type the way to inter-racial cooperation. ~vailable for the blind, by publish- mg at great expense the complete Call to Prayer for Russia Bible in both the N ew York Point and the American Braille, the two THE Russian Bible and Evange- systems most used in America up to .Iization Society, a recent organi- the present time, as well as in the Boston Line Letter. The volumes zatIOn formed in America by Chris- published in these types have all been tian business men, has issued a Call distributed by the Society for much to Prayer for Sunday, April 11 tho less than their cost, and the larger for the great land and peoples of part have been civen to the needy Russia. "No country needs prayer without charge. This beneficent work and spiritual help more than does is not. rest~icted to America. Scripthis land that is so sorely oppressed tures m raIsed types are supplied in ?y famine ~nd so savagely tom by Arabic, Spanish, Armenian, Armenomternal strIfe. In New York City Turkish, Japanese and Siamese. a special prayer service will be held in the Marble Colleg-iate Church at The blind Christians of the world 3 :30 p. m., and will be conducted will feel a joy peculiar to their need by Col. E. N. Sanctuary and Mr. G. when their sensitized finl[ers touch P. Raud of Russia. the pointed dots which tell them of "Jesus Christ, whom not having seen The Society has been organized for ye love; in whom, though ye see the purpose of training evangelists Him not, yet belieVIng ye rejoice and Bible teachers, to conduct Bible greatly with joy unspeakable and Conferences in Russia, and in other full of glory: receiving the end of ways to preach the Gospel to Slavic your faith. even the salvation of peoples. Mr. George C. Howes is your souls." President of the organization, Dr. Howard A. KeIly of Baltimore and Indians as Missionaries Dr. David ]. Burrell of New York THE Shoshones of western Nevada have not until recently been touched by Christianity. Their near-

est neighbors, the Nez Perces, are world. The Presbyterian Board has seeking to evangelize them. A num- carried on medical work there for ber of the leading Shoshones were some years. brought to a Nez Perce camp meeting and several were converted. LATIN AMERICA These men went home, called a meeting of the whole tribe and recounted Help the Mexican to Think American their experiences. The Nez Perces have shown the missionary spirit by DR. R. N. McLean, who is director furnishing eighty dollars toward a of Spanish work in the Southnew Shoshone chapel. west for the Presbyterian Home Board, regards the present Mexican R"Ugious Education for the Indians tangle as lO%Mexico's fault, 10% America's and the rest the result of A PROPOSAL for an Indian Col- mutual misunderstanding. As for lege comes through the Survey the misunderstanding, this is largely Department of the Interchurch a border problem, and there the be- World Movement. This university ginning must be made in i:s solution. has been planned upon lines similar The thousands of laborers who come in administration to great union, in- to us, after completing their conterdenominational organizations, such tracts are sent back home, and natas Robert College in Constantinople. urally carry with them definite im- Nanking University and Peking Uni- pressions about America and Amerversity. The American project is to icans. The key to the situation is in train Indians from all the 150 tribes the hands of Christian Americans. in the country as native leaders for their own people. Recently a union evening service was held in Los Angeles, Cal., when Of the 336,000 Indians in the Mexican Protestants of the Church United States today, scattered over of the Divine Saviour sat in the pews 147 reservations in practically every with the members of the Immanuel state of the Union, practically one- Pr~sbyterian Church. About 300 third are unrelated to any Christian Mexicans attended. In his talk in communion; and approximately 46,- Spanish to his own people, the pas- 000 are entirely unreached by Chris- tor said: "I have heard some of you tian ministry. say after a hard day's work, which has been full of bitter experience: H 0117e Mission Monthly. 'This is not the city of the angels (Los Angeles) but the city of the Hospital for Point Barrow devils.' Vhen you think 01" Ameri- cans think not of those who have POINT BARROW, the northern- cheated you or been harsh to you; most mission station in the world, think in the terms of these Christian is to have a hospital. The Presby- Americans who are seated with you terian Board of Home Missions in here tonight." January announced a gift of $25.000 for the erection and equipment of the The Continen t. hospital, and the worl< of building will commence at the earliest possible A Porto RiJcan Judge date. SR. EMILIO DEL TORO, Judge The best method of hospital con- of the Supreme Court of Porto struction for the unusual demands of Rico, recently gave a message to the Alaska weather will be determined, Puerto Rico Evanqelico, of which the and will be used in other hospitals following is an English translation: contemplated in this region. Point Barrow is far north of the timber "If I had the privilege of comline, and except for one ste?mer a municating with all of the mothers yf'ar. when the ice permits, is com- of Latin America for only one mopletely shut off from the outside ment during my lifetime, I would employ it entirely in recommending

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

that they place in the hands of their crease in general must be attributed children the New Testament, being to the indenture labor system which sure of obtaining for them the most removed the able-bodied young men noble and enduring influence of all and women at a time when they the influences which could exercise would naturally be establishing themselves in the human conscience homes. Ih addition there were the of this world." other stilI existing causes-the sale of liquor and the introduction of A Bolivian Diplomat Appeals for Indians disease. Mr. Edward Jacomb, a bar- rister of Vila, New Hebrides, and AT a recent meeting of the Com- author of "France and England in mittee on Cooperation in Latin the New Hebrides," says that if the present conditions continue another America and the Committee of Ref- twenty years there will be no natives erence and Counsel in New York, left, and when there are no natives Senor Ignacio Calderon, Minister of there can be no whites, for industry Bolivia in the United States, made cannot be carried on without native an appeal for mission work among labor. Bolivian Indians. He said that in spite of their great degradation, they A ustralian Christian World. showed the keenest desire for an education, whenever given an oppor- lllsslons in Java tunity. Boys usually appear at school an hour before the time of SINCE the population of Java is opening. The Brazilian government predominantly Mohammedan, and has lately given commendable atten- therefore Oriental, the acceptance of tion to improving the miserable con- Christianity means to them becoming dition of Indians, and has established Europeans_ The great difficulty in some schools, but not enough teach- mission work among the Javanese, ers are available. therefore, is found in convincing them that it is possible to accept the New School for Girls in Rio Gospel and remain themselves nation- ally. The active power of the Chris- SITE has been secured in the tian faith is accordingly presented by A finest residence section of Rio iHdirect method, such as medical and de Janeiro for a Methodist school for educational work. Four Dutch-Javayoung women at a cost of $152,500. nese Christian schools are in opera- There are two pieces of property, tion within the settlements of the one being a mansion occupied by Dutch Reformed Mission, with their three successive barons in the days of staffs recruited in Holland. Colportthe former empire, and this has age is carried on, supplying those placed the school in good repute with who have learned to read by the help the leading families of the city. Ad- of Christian missions with thousands ditional buildings will no doubt be of Scripture portions and helpful acquired from time to time. books.

The school will open in June, and It was formerly thought that thE the Christian ideals for which it Javanese mind was incapable of bestands will be of immense value in ing roused to s.ocial or spiritual acall educational and evangelical work tivity, but the past ten years have clone in Brazil. wrought a marked change in this view. I~LANDS OF THE SEA The Banner. Fate of New Hebrides lUSCELLANEOUS HE population of the New Heb- T rides, it is estimated, has de- Gospel Distribution creased by a third in the past eight vears. In the once thickly populated THE American Bible Society cites Torres group there are now actually many lay workers who are helpless than 100 natives left. The de-

ing the cause without remuneration. To Study Temperance and Moral Wel- A street, car conductor in Dallas, Texas, has in the year past spent a fare tenth of his income in buying copies of John's Gospel, which he; has put W ORLD Temperance and Moral in the hands of every man in the Welfare in Asia and Africa street car service in the city .who will be the subject of inquiry by the promises to read it. A railway con- Interchurch World Movement. An ductor in Texas is also mentioned investigating committee will report on who buys cheap eight-cent Testa- what is being done and what ought to ments by the dozen and gives them be done by the Christian forces of to passengers along the route. to sec- the world to combat the use of alcotion hands and to anyone else who hol and narcotics among backward shows interest. races.

Just before the Brazilian Fleet Some Figures on Mohammedanism started to leave for European waters, a group of Brazilian Christians ob- DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER has tained permission to give a copy of pointed out the growth of Mothe New Testament to every man on hammedanism in South America as board. The spirit with which these significant. The unity of Mohamcopies were received gave great en- medanism was never so complete as couragement to extend the work to during its present political collapse. other vessels, in the forts and else- Of the 200,000,000 Mohammedans where. ninety-five million are under British rule, thirty-five under Holland, Christian Music in Favor among Orien- twenty under Russia, sixteen under France, eight under China, thirteen tals under Turkey, and five under Persia. Of these two hundred million Mos- THE growing popularity of our lems about sixty millions are practi- Christian hymns is found in cal pagans, knowing nothing of their countries of the Far East. The re- own religion and being entirely ilcent coronation procession of a literate.

maharajah marched to the stirring Some Interesting Statistics strains of American gospel hymns, As ONE result of Protestant mis- sionary effort during the nineplayed by the potentate's brass band.

Christian music is said to have teenth century, 72,740 Jews were reached its highest development in Burma, where Baptist converts baptized, . making, with their chil- among the natives have been trained dren, an addition of 120,000 to the for the past century in vocal and in- forces of evangelical Christendom.

strumental work. During the same period, 57,300 Jews An Englishman traveling in the were received into Roman Catholic foot-hills of Burma, during the Burmese robber wars, told of sighting communion, and 74,500 into that of the torchlight flares of a large crowd of natives. He and his companions the Greek Church. . were preparing to withstand an attack, when they heard the familiar If the ingathering from the pagan and Moslem world had been in the same proportion, there would now be seven million converts from those strains of "Lead, Kindly Light," sources instead of the actual two coming from the natives, who proved million in the nineteenth century.

to be Burmese Christians. The Protestant Hebrew converts ~ho enter the Christian ministry are In many places Christian hymns three times more numerou;; than like "Rock of Ages" and "Onward those from the ranks of converts Christian Soldiers" are sung or from all other non-Christian faiths.

played by Orientals who are not At least 750 Protestant Jewish con- Christians. World Call. verts are daily engaged in preaching

1.920] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the Gospel of Christ Jesus as their other way than: "Be not angry with one business in life. us on account of our sins, as we are not angry." The Task of the Mission to Lepers T HE Mission to Lepers is allied Internationalism in Missionary Work with twelve American and twenty-one British and Canadian MR. GILBERT BOWLES in disdenominational Boards, and in co- cussing ways in which missionoperation with these Boards and with aries can be peace makers among governments seeks to secure hu- the people of China, Japan and mane laws regarding lepers. There Korea, suggests frequent conferences are considerablv more than five hun- of representatives from the three dred lepers in the United States. fields, more exchange of visiting, Eleven years ago there were 9,000 thereby promoting fellowship among cases in the Philippines, but through Chinese, Japanese and Koreans and effective segregation the number has more help for all three nations in now been reduced to 5,100. their combat with social and moral wrongs. The four objectives of the Mission to Lepers are to preach the Gospel to Missionaries to the Chinese are the lepers, to relieve their dreadful already in Japan, working among the suffering, to supply their simple Chinese students in Tokyo, of whom wants, and ultimately to rid the world there are from three to five thousand, and a Korean pastor shepherds a of leprosy. group of Koreans in Shanghai. Mis- Poverty of Heathen Languages sionaries to the Japanese are needed A LINGUIST who essayed to in Korea and China, for in a very translate the parable of the real sense Christian missionaries Prodigal Son for an Indian hill tribe stand between the peoples of these found that their only word for festi- three restive lands.

val carried the meaning of "much Adopting Hospitals beer drinking," so that he had the utmost difficulty in rendering the phrase BECAUSE many people have no "they began to be merry," without interest in the spiritual motives also suggesting drunkenness. This which prompt missionary doctors and instance reveals the problem of the nurses in their healing ministries, translator. Not only heathen hearts the Interchurch World Movement has must be Christianized; their speech a plan by which American cities must be born again, before it can may adopt hospitals in mission lands. convey the great truths of the Bible. Poughkeepsie, New York, has taken the lead in adopting the hospital of The Rev. C. D. Helm, of Rhodesia, -the Union Medical Schoool at Velchief reviser of the Tabele New Tes- lore, So. India. tament, describes how povertystricken that language was in its spir- Among the items to be furnished itual vocabulary. For instance, it by the Poughkeepsie women are had no equivalent for "holy"-no thousands of strips of thin, un- term to express moral purity. . bleached muslin, compresses, wipes, The Ibo language is spoken by 3,- sponges, face masks, lint, operating 000,000 black men in Southern Ni- aprons and caps, absorLent cotton, geria. In their tongue the same bed-linen, utensils and toilet articles.

word had to do duty for "right" and It is thought that many who do "might," and they had no word for not now contribute toward mission- "conscience. " ary enterprises wil! respond when In the island of Fiji, which is now their home town takes definite respon- a Christian country, it has not yet sibility for some hospital in India.

been possible to translate the sixth China, Africa or other remote cor- petition of the Lord's Prayer in any ners of the world.

OBI'l'UARY NOTES lege, Constantinople, has become Mis;sion- Dr. Raynolds of Turkey ary Education Secretary for Congrega- REV. GEORGE C. RAYNOLDS, tional Churches in succession to Dr. Miles M. D., died on February 14 at San Francisco, in the eighty-first B. Fisher, who has become Missionary year of his age and the fifty-first year of his notable service as mis- Education Secretary of the Interchurch sionary of the American Board in Turkey. After a brief period at World Movement. Harput, Dr. Raynolds fifty years ago opened the station at Van which, un- W. ]. WANLESS, *M.* D*., surgeon of the der his leadership, – grew to include high schools, the beginnings of a col- American Presbyterian Mission Hospital lege. a well equipped hospital and extensive industrial operations. This at Miraj, India, has received the Kaisar- station will stand as a monument to i-Hind medal of the first c1as~. Dr. Wan- Dr. Raynolds' ability and Christian daring. less' work during' his twenty-eight years ·DR. Dr. Pettee of Japan in India has had an influence throughout JAMES H. PETTEE, of the Japan Mission of the American the entire country. Board, died suddenly in the Board Rooms, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, on *** February 17. Dr. Pettee first went to Japan in 1878, and at once iden- SADHU ":UNDAR SINGH, Indian evangetified himself with the Japanese people and their interests. He was un- list, started on January 16 for a tour of excelled as a constructive interpreter of Japan. England and America.

Dr. J. McP. Scott of Toronto REV. ":. B. * AYODEL~ ** native of REV. John McPherson Scott, D. D., CAMPBELl" pastor of St. John's Presbyterian Church. Toronto, the past thirty Sierra Leone, West Africa, is the first years, died February 24. For many years Dr. Scott was actively engaged African to receive a scholarship award of in promoting the cause of foreign missions. In 1912 he was selected by $300 at Harvard University. He expects the Presbyterian Church in Canada for the task of visiting all the for- to return to Africa during the summer. eign missions under the church's jurisdiction. DR. J. C. R. ** * of For- MISSIONARY PERSONALS EWING, president Fr.nHNG H. RIWF.l,l, has ,imt completed man Christian College, Lahore, India, rehi~ fiftieth year as a publisher. More than th"ee thousand voll1mes, practically cently suffered from a paralytic stroke in all with the Christian motive, have been published by him during the last half cen- Miraj, India. He is reported as improvtury. ing. *** *** JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L., secretary of the Protestant EpiscoDal Board of Foreign DR. JOHN F. GOUCHER of Baltimore, Missions. has been elected executive secretary of the Department of Missions and chairman of the Methodist Commission on Church Extension. Education in the Orient, has received the RFv. HFRBF,RT W* . *GA*TES. brother of Japanese imperial decoration of the Order President Caleb F. Gates of Robert Col- of the Rising Sun. Dr. Goucher is now on his sixth visit to the Orient.

*** MISS MARY VAIL ANDRESS of New York City, the only woman to receive the distinRuished service ~medal from the United States government. has gone to Turkey to assist in the Near East Relief.

*** REV. KOGORO USAKI, D. D., has been elected bishop of the Japan Methodist Church to succeed BishoTl Haraiwa. He is a g-raduatc of Kwansei Gakllin, and is the third in the succession of Japanese bishops..

*** lli:v. AND MRS. HF,NRY C. McDOWELL, first miss;onaries to be s·ent to Africa bv the colored constituents of the American Board, have arrived in Angola, VI'est Central Africa.

*** Ln:uT. HENRY ]. FRY, chaplain of the United ~tates Navy, has been appointed as assistant to R. 1;;. Diffendorfer, head of the Hr>me Missions Division of the [nterchurch World Movement.

MJ<' F. '<. BF,N*NF,*TT, *President of the Presbvterian Toman's Board of Home Mis·sions, and other members of the Board.

sailer{ on February 15 for Havana to in- vestigate and report on conditions in the various missiou stations in Cuba. The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears j thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanita ry Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throug'hout, including the highly polished beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations) .

NOTli:-In many States the law now forbld9 Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 800 57tb Street ~hi~:' y~~s~~~dl~~i~:. ne.fh~~t~t:;:a:~ Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. If you ha'"'1:, not yet adoDted the modern. sanitary communion ('UP. let this be one of yOllr first forward steps in 1920.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~VIEW OF 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers

x THE MISSIONARY

For my sermons, I use Korea's Fight for Freedom. By F. A. the large, bold type. Mackenzie. 50 x 8 in. 320 pp, $2 Then by "Just turning Fleming H. Revell Co. 1919. the knob" tl..e o.~ The storv of the fie:ht for inde- t'l1:>~' ,. u,..~~ ",0'1' ,,~ pendence, especially as it culmi- ~'I'~"6 CO'l''I'6S~O~~e~oe. nated in the spring of 1919, is bet- ter told here than in any other vol- ( Xy Sunday Schoo£ nottcos. ume. While as author of "The! Tragedy of Korea" Mr, Mackenzie "Many Typewriters In One" has been charged with false state- ments in his presentation of that Would IJOU like to know tohlJ the country's sad pligM, the docu- Multiplex Hammond is so popular with ments here printed and others in ALL cJ.aue& of people? We can tell you manuscript known to be wholly in laur words: trustworthy, are the truth about Japan's relations to her new pos- Because of Its venatilityl The Multiplex Hammond does sessions. To say that her seizure ~~~Tng~.i~~ t~t~~u ~rf.!,;1::n ~~~ of Korea is no worse than that of European Powers in stealing Afriknob" you can cha.nge from one style ca from the Africans is not to the or type, or Crom one language, to an- point, This is the twentieth cenother. Note the above specimen tury, and the Japanese Empire (Slightly reducod) all written an the prides itself upon being abreast the SAME machine:. times in matters affecting human- ity, The revelations here made No Other TypeW1'iter Can:Do ThJ. show how very thin is the veneer No matter who of civilization which she has has- ~ily attached to an ancient barbar- you are, what you Ism. are, or where you are, the Multiplex From the opening of the Her- Hammond i. the m~t Kingdom and Japan'5 fir5t ~t{;'llu~""A~ great false move, the emeute of the coupon for Dec. 4, 1884, the story of wrongs troo folder. done by that nation–with' no men- tion unfortunately of the material Also a PORTABLE Model benefits brought to Korea by Ja- pan-awakens deep indignation to- Full capacity. Weight ..bout 11 pound•. ward the instigators of the cruel Ask for special folder, Mailed tree. atrocities. The story is told chrono- logically and covers misdeeds from Inquire about special terms the assassination of the Korean . to professional. Queen through Japanese orders in 1895, down to the happenings of ~ _____ ______ .Free Folder____________ .. last year.

THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. But the volume has other in- terests. It sketches the early ef- 577 Ea.t 69th St., New York City. forts for freedom under the old regime, and it is an inspiration to Please 80nd tree Folder to: read of such a hero as Syngman Name,_ _ __ Rhee of the Independence Club. A d d r e s s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ The "New Era," with Marquis lto OccupaUoD ________________ as its hope, darkened shortly into deep gloom, after Koreans and for- eigners, missionaries and others, had been basely or cruelly treated. The abdication of the Korean Em- [Continued on Page XII]

WITH The mark of a book written to meet a

PURPOSE Constructive and Challenging Publications V of Religious Leaders of Today The Army and PUBLISHED Religion Among PUBLISHED Religion FEB. 1 American Men FEB. 15 Edited by D. S. CAIRNS, D. D. As revealed by a searching study of conditions in Preface by the Bishop of Winchester the AmerIcan army.

Perhaps. as never before, the British Army during First-hand info"mation on the "eal attitude of the the Great War represented a Bort of cross-section of American soldier to Ohristian life and organized the nation's life. Here, then. was an exceptional Ohrlstlanity. A challenge to the Ohurch. opportunity for an enlightening analysis of an l;trmy Cloth, $1.50 that represented the life of the men of the nation The Dlateria1 for this book was gathered under itself. direction of the "Committee on the War and the "It would be difficult to p"esent the religious Religious Outiook"–consisting of &~ch men as: revelation and results of the war more skillfully and judicionslythan they are presented in thisreport."- Robert E. SpeM. Cloth, $2.00 WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN God and the Struggle for GEORGE w. COLEMAN Existence PUBLISHED W. H. P. FAUNCE JAN. 15 HARRY EMER"ON FOSDICK B. H. STREETER HENRY CHURCHILL KING FRANCIS J. McCONNELL A simple, straightforward assertion based on both CHARLES S. MACFARLAND biology and history, of tbe solid grounds we have for WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACKENZIE °tbe 1arger hope"-a reaffirmation in these days of SHAILER MATHEWS persistent questioning, of the fundamental relation of ROBERT E. SPEER God to the universe and to the individual life. ANSON PHELPS STOKES Cloth, $1.50 That One Face A NOTABLE Missionary Outlook in PUBLISHED 1919 BOOK the Light of the War MAR. I RICHARD ROBERTS A serie.;. of reading studies for twelve weeks Also prepared by the Comm.ittee on the War marked by spiritual insight, inteUectual keenness, and the Religious Outlook. and literary skill, which show the distinctive im~ pression made by Jesus on ten of the world's great I. p"esentation, by recognized experts. of the poets and prophets and thus' 'help men and women to missionary enterprise as the fullest expression of reach a good judgment about Jesus" for themselves. noblest ideals In the World War. the cbanged out- look In p"actlcally every mission field. and the new Cloth, $1.25 light thrown on missionary principles and policies.

Between HAS COMMANDED Cloth, $2.00 MARKED Two Worlds ATTENTION JOHN HESTON WILLEY Two 1919 "Everyday Life" books which have been notably successful "The Great Adventure" has called millions of Building on Rock ~h~.~ :e~h~n o~~e qb:~ti~~: ;;re~:~t~iV;::g fh:h~~: after. This fearless and unconventional discussion HENRY KINGMAN throws a renewed light from the Bible on SOlle ot Thin paper, art leather doth, round cornered, the eternal mysteries. . Cloth, $1.25 pocket size, 9Oc.

Harry Emerson FOSDICK'S "Everyday A thoughtful book which seeks to meet the de- Life" books which continue their mand of our day for reality in religion by studying phenomenal appeal: what J esu…:; showed to be essential to a life built on eternal foundations. Arranged for daily reading and Thin paper, art leather cloth, round ('ornered, study during 10 weeks. poc]mt size edition.

The Meaning of Prayer, $ .90 Marks of a World Christian The Meaning of Faith, 1.15 The Manhood of the Master, .90 DANIEL JOHNSON FLEMING The Christian Citizenship Thin paper, art leather cloth, round cornered, Training Program pocket size, 90c.

A NEW. fourfold program tor boys-ot unusual An analysis of "the mind which each Christian interest to all leaders of boys, and to parents. should bring to bear upon the world," which comes with an unusually fresh and vigorous appeal in these Wrltefor illustrated days when we hear mUch of world citizenship and descriptive circular need to realize that we must be world Ohristians if Chrir..tians at all. Arranged for daily reading and study during 9 weeks.

Ask your bookstore ASSOCIA TION PRESS or write us 347 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY RSVll~W ot 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers • New rHE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Spring. Books [Continued from Page XI Present Day Definition of Christianity peror and its hollowness and scenic By Laura H. Wild display; the author's personal epi- Foreword by Mary E. Woolley, Fresldent sode of daring when he visited of Mount Holyoke College the "Righteous Army," followed by Have we the right to re-define Chdstianity? Miss Wild proves his stay with the rebel forces, the that we have-that a growing, vital people must have a grow- missionaries whos.e attitude was ing, vital Christianity. Po~t­ paid $1.35. and has been loyal despite the The Bible as a gradual hampering of their act!vi- Community Book ties and the attempted Japamza- By Arthur E. Holt tion of the Christian Church; tor- The age-long "fight for justi?e and social faith" culminated m ture a la mode in 1911, with Baron Christ's teachings. Dr. Holt's book traces the Bible's record of Yun Chi-ho in the center of the the growth of the community idea and applies Christ' f' plan to stage; and lastly the Independ.ence the life of today. PriCI' ~aper, 90c; cloth, $1.35. movement of 1919, are acts III a The Ultimate Quest tragedy that is deeply interesting.

By Katherine Gerwick The book concludes with two chap- Ten chapters of the evolution of ters on world reactions and a God's plan for a friendly world as shown by a study of the vari- discussion of what Christians can ous conditions of women's life the world around. Some of the do in this most important case. chapter headings are: Women's Work for Women; The Gift of "Everything!" is Mr. Mackenzie's Health; The Art of Living To- gether. Price 60c. reply. Individual Christians, the Fellowship Prayers Church, statesmen, and the Jap- By Sarah T. Dickinson anese themselves are all appealed A volume of prayers for special occasions: of Patriotism, of Fel- to for help. But-1919 is a long lowship, for Outdoors, for Rejoic- ing, for Church Seasons. A book time ago, and we are busied and of helpful "Gathered Orisons" especially helpful to women troubled by a thousand events and in conducting public prayer. Leatherette 8Sc. problems at home, and probably BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE nothing will be done,-alas! ()r The Truth About China and Japan.

THE WOMANS PRESS By B. L. Putnam Weale. Maps. 5Y.

600 Lexington Avenue x 8 in. 248 pp. $2 Dodd, Mead & Co. New York City 1919. Mr. Simpson, under tthe pen name of B. L. Putnam Weale, has previously ~iv~n these st~dies. in Asia, a penodlcal of growmg Im- portance for the Far East. The volume is a sequel to other stu~­ ies in his "Fight for the Repubhc in China." In that book Mr.

"Weale" contends that Japan has a double policy, one for the <;lrient and the other for the Occident; that she uses military power and secret loans to advance the first, and diplomacy and publicity the second; and that this intricate mat- ter can be understood only by studying the history of the remote past. .. . Mr. Simpson carnes on hIS 1IJ- vestigation through sources made up of documents of state, sundry agreements, some of them secret, government tables, etc. From this [Continued on Page XIV] Please mention THJt MISSIONARY ReVIEW OF' 'tInt WORLD in writing to advertisers Books on Themes for Mission Study, 1920-21 The Near East: Cross-Roads of the World By WILLIAM H. HALL. Ready in April.

Dr. Hall traces back to. their causes the unsettled condition of the Near East, and leads the reader on, in a straightforward, logical way, to estimate the probable results of its long period of oppression and repression. Illustrated. Price, Cloth. 75c; paper, SOc; postpaid.

The Church and the Community By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER. Ready in April.

Each chapter in this book discusses a vital subject; they are entitled !'Community Life," "Economic Factors," "Cooperation," "Houses and Housing," "Complex Community Situations," and "Community Leadership." This book will make a wide appeal. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

A Better World By TYLER DENNETT. Ready in April.

Mr. Dennett has been studying international situations as they developed at the Peace Conference, with a special emphasis on the application of the new patriotism. Price, doth, $1.50; paper, 75c; postpaid.

Frank Higgins: Trail Blazer By THOMAS D. WHITTLES. Ready in April.

The story of the home niissionary who .'found" the neglected lumberjacks of Minnesota, and ministered to them faithfully, but by original methods, for many years. Illustrated. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

Shepard of Aintab By ALICE SHEPARD RIGGS. Ready Soon.

An inspiring story of Dr. Fred Douglas Shepard, the famous medical missionary to Aintab, in Asiatic Turkey. The story describes his woek, his play, his hunting trips, and his encounters with the warlike Kurds. Written by his daughter. Illustrated. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

Order from your Denominational Board, or from the Interchurch World Movement of North America SALES DEPARTMENT 45 West 18th Street New York City These Books THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Let the Presidents Speak [Conttnued from Page X I 1] "I have heen documentary evidence (which forms praying an appendix of nearly 100 pages) three years he makes it evident in the main for these section of the book why there should be conflict between the two books." countries. In the sixteenth cen- tury a long struggle between Ko- -PAUL RADER rea and Japan began in which China fought for her vassal, and Moody Church. Chicago which finally led to Japan's with- G. W. McPHERSON drawal. At last Japan snatched the prize from suzerain China, and What Do Yon Think? later still when Japan began her covert policy in China itself, one "These books will reach a sale of 50,- sees the seeds of permanent enmity. OOO."-Dr. Curtis Lee Laws, in Wutch- rapidly growing. The third chap- ter, upon the settlement of the Chi- 1'J1an-E~aminer. nese problem, states alternatives to the question, "Is it possible for the DR. LEN G. BROUGHTON rebirth of China to be consum- mated in the face of the imperial- "One of the ablest presentations of the istic ambitions of her neighbor?" religious questions that has appeared in our The affirmative answer will come, day." the author says, if the dominant factors in the situation, the mari- DR. JAMES M. GRAY time Powers, adopt the right pol- icy. "It is the only book of its kind." The final chapter, "If Japan Re- DR. A. C. DIXON fuses?" is full of food for thought. Entering the realm of international "r am stirred by your book. It is like politics in 1894 when Japan de- feated China in Korea and dea voice from the Old Testament Prophets. posited the gold indemnity in Lon- don, "Weale" thinks that in 1905 DR. MARK A. MATTHEWS Japan was guil~y of her first great act of immorality in the negotia- "Should be on the desk of every preach- tions affecting the Russo-Japanese er, in the horne of every Christian, and War settlement, when she invaded read by every patriotic American citizen." China in Manchuria. From then on, her Monroe Doctrine went LOS ANGELES BIBLE INSTITUTE from bad to worse until the Shan- tung agreement of the Allies, only "Rush by express 100 copies of your great partly Japan's fault, yet the aim book." of her ambition. With the Minis- try of War above the Japanese BIBLE CHAMPION, NEW YORK Diet, there seems to be little hope in view of what the Ministry has ''We know of no books containing such done. It is gone entirely, unless a world of information of such vital the final appeal to Europe to ininterest to parents whose children are tervene is heeded. attending educational institutions. The result of the author's examination of The volume will not appeal to text-books is so appalling as to warrant any except serious readers accusthe titles of his books. Every parent tomed to weighing evidence and should read them." interested in international politics.

The Crisis in Church and College. VoL I.

Second edition, enlarged and revised. Cloth, $1. 75 net (256 pages) The Modern GonRiet Over the Biblt!. Vol. II.

Second edition revised and enlarged Cloth. 232 pages, $1. 75 net Companion books YONKERS BOOK COMPANY Order Direct YONKERS, N. Y.

[Continued on Page XVI] Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY REV1F~W OJ? 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers The Crying Need of Russia Russia is a Menace to Europe, Asia and America Because Slavs have been ul'educated in Christian ideals Theyhave had the form of religion without the powe: They have pot been taught to know the Bible While they have a reverently religious nature They have not unr1.erstood evangelical Christ:anity They have worshipped ikons and bepn led by ignorant priests But they have not learned to follow Jesus Christ Intellectual trainipg has been divorced from Christianity Students have been trained in infidelity The bourgeois have failed to exhibit Christian principles Bolshevism has resulted The great need in Russia today is Christian educ£"tion Bibles and Christian literature should be distributed Bible teachers and evangelica' preachers should be trained The masses should be taught to know and follow Jesus Christ He alone will cure Bolshevism and other evils Think of the immense fields that need yonr help: Russia 185,000,000 Czecho-Slavonia 13,500,000 5,000,000 Roumania 15,000,000 Greece 6,000,000 Bulgaria 5,000,000 Afghanistan 8,200,000 Jugo-Slavia 12,100,000 Galicia Including about 9,000,000 Jews The Russian Bible and Evangelization Society Will you send preachers, teachers and Scripture Colporteurs to Russia? Will you help to heal this open sore of Europe and Asia? Will you help to place a Bible in every home of these 250,000,000 stricken people? Will you help to send without delay preachers and teachers already trained to these hungry distressed millions? Will you help to train those who have been called by God for this work?

Send your contribution to: COL. E. N. SANCTUARY, Treasurer, (Vice-President Victor Standard Typewriter Co.) Scranton, Pa., or 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Address communications to the Secretary-Director of the Society, J. PERTELEVITCH RAUD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Officers and Founders of the Society George C. Howes, President HowardA.Kelly,M.D.,Vice-Pres. A. C. GaebeIein, Chairman Sidney T. Smith, Vice-Pres. DavidJ.Burrell,D.D.,Vice-Pres. G. Pertelcvitch Raud,Sec.-Direc. George W. Carter, D. D. Col. E. N. Sanctuary, Treasurer Charles E. Gremmels Hon. Selden P. Spencer, Mo. Chas. M. Alexander Edgar W. Work, D. D. James E. McArthur Horace L. Day Oscar Rixson Gove G. Johnson, D. D. Alwyn Ball, Jr. Don O. Shelton The officers, including the Secretary-Director of this Society, give their services free.

Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY R£v[~w OF TH£ WORLD in writing to advertisers YOU CAN STAY AT HOME THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY and [Continued from Page XIV] PREACH THE GOSPEL TO The Meaning of the War for Religious MOHAMMEDANS Education. By Robert Wells Veach, M. A., D. D. 12mo. 254 pp. through $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Education is one of the chief fac- tors in ,the making of history. It (IncoJ'porated in 1915 makes the African different from the Hindu, the American from the This Society is Interdenominational. German. What children are taught Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on in their homes, within schools, by their books and by public lectures the Fields.. and sermons determines their The Literature is Arlapted to Moslems. ideals, their habits and their idea The Messages are ThoroughlY Evanj!"elical of God. The War has taught many The Tracts are Printed Attractivelv. lessons, but the lessons learned by They go where no Missionaries are allowed. the present generation will deter- They can be read in secret and repeatedly. mine whether or not there will be another war. It is therefore ex- Many Moslems have been converted tremely important that the events through tracts. of the past six years, and even the preceding decades, be studied to Will you help give MoalematheGospel? discover their meaning and their in- fluence on character and history. W: 119 for Informatton as to membenhlP. needs. sample l1'aet8. meetings 01 auxiliaries, &lite., to Dr. Veach, who served in France under the Y. M. CA. during the MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secrelar, War and was formerly director of Religious Education of the Presby- Box 888, New York City terian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work, has under- OTllBR OrrICJlR8 or THlIi 8OCDl'r taken the difficult and important task of interpreting the War as a Rey. Samuel M. Zwewer. D.D., of Cairo, President. schoolmaster to lead us to Christ. Dr. Roben E. Speer. 01 New York. Vloe-Prestdent. In a chapter on "The School Mas- Delavan L. Menon, of New York, Vlc.,…Presldent. ter at Sedan," the author points out that the task of reconstructing Dr. Same! L. Barton. Mrs. Wm. Borden.. education around the idea of mak- Dr. Frank MaaoD Nortb. Mr.. Wm. B. Hill. ing a world wide Christian citizen- Mr. Fennell P. Turner. MUm Anna L. Dawes. ship means placing greater empha- Dr. Cbarles H. TYnd.an. M …. Finley S. Shepard.. sis on moral and spiritual educa- Dr. CharlM R. Watson. Mn. D. L. PlenlOD. tion, as well as keeping up with physical and intellectual develop- BliND nrJ'TB oro ment. He recites many significant Mra. E. E. OJoon. 322 w. 76t.b St.. New York, Trull. incidents frem war days and gives fourteen educational laws of re- HARTFORD ligious education brought out for- cibly by the war. These deductions W. Douglas Mackenzie President are the laws of faith, of prayer, of reverence, of virtue, of self-control, Theological Seminary of expression, of cuhure, of the ideal, of the Cross, of liberty, of Dean, M. W. Jacobus leadership, of self-determination, of the fourfold life, and of social con- School of Religious Pedagogy tacts.

Dean, E. H. Knight Som'e of these we might classify differently but they all relate to Kennedy Schoo! of Missions Dean, E. W. Capen ThroHgh tnese as.sodated schools Hartford offers full training for: 1. The Christian ministry. 2. The whole field of religious edu- cation. 3. The foreign field.

Eaeh School has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together they form one interdenominational institution with the unity of common aim and spirit.

[Continued on Page XVIII) Ple:J.se mention THlC MISSIONARY R:E;vIlCW Oli' IH~ ,VORLD in writing to advertisers

XVII

Co-operative contacts with the frontier fields are made by the following Baptist Agencies: The American Baptist Home Mission Society · CHARLES L. WHITE, Executive Secretary, 23 East 26th Street, New York City, N. Y.

American Baptist Publication Society G. N. BRINK, General Secretary, 1701 Chestnut Street, Phiiailelphia, Pa.

The New World Movement provides for a large increase of colpottermissionaries.

These devoted servants of Christ, working in the sparsely settled, isolated and lonely places, conduct meetings in the school houses and homes. hold many religious conversations, dist.ibute tracts, and sell or give away copies of the Bible and New Testament.

In Colorado, Montana and Wyoming the salaries and expenses of these men are paid by The American Baptist Home Mission Society from funds designated for this purpose. In the other states The American Baptist Home Mission Society pays the salaries and The American Baptist Publication Society provides for the equipment :md expenses.

In many arms and inlets of Coos Bay and The colporter-missionary spends his time Puget Sound are numerous islands and in the open. Often he cannot reaeh the villages where pioneer .conditions prevail. distant locality where a service is to be held unless he starts early and camps for supper Many of these isolated communities cannot be reached except by water transportation. beside the Long TraiL Hence the Gospel Cmiser.

The colporter-missionary goes from· home to home, holds religious conversations and sells or gives away books, Bibles and New Testaments. On Sunday he preaches wherever he can gather a small group of people to hear the gospel. It is hard to tabulate the results of his . work, but a single visit from this man of God has often changed the outlook of a whole family.

Please mention THE MISSroNARY RltvtEW or 'tHlt WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY [Continued from Page XVII subjects that merit consideration.

Dr. Veach strongly advocates re- organizing the Church for religious education. He recommends com- munity schools of religious educa- IF YOU WISH tion as well as denominational agencies, the pulpit, the home and New Hymn Books the church school. The book de- serves a thoughtful reading, espe- cially by religious leaders.

for Church, S. S. or Chapel, The New Christian Studies in Stew- write liS of you needs. We ardship. By Ralph S. Cushman. can satisfy YOll. Pamphlet 150 pp: Centenary Con- servation Committee, 111 Fifth A. S. Barnes Company, Avenue, New York, 1919.

30 Irving Place, New York. Stewardship or trusteeship of possessions is receiving new con- sideration in these days, and is helping to make new Christians.

Mr. Cushman, the Director of the Stewardship Department of the In- terchurch World Movement, has given some thoughtful studies in this little booklet. They are Bibli- cal and experimental, but some- what superficial and disjointed.

Most of these books on steward- ship suffer by contrast with the classic prepared by David McCon- READ THE NEW BOOK aughy, "Money, the Acid Test." Mr. Cushman's seven studies in- By.T. M. STANFIELD clude quotations, outlines, refer- ences and suggestions on the rela- CHRIST'S SECOND COMING tion of property, character, God and the use and giving of money.

The volume closes with a cate- "This little brocb ure is a fine showing chism on stewardship and tithing.

of the Post-Millennia! view of the Second The Tragedy of Bitlis. By Grace H. Coming of our Lord. The autbor, by a Knapp. 12mo. 160 pp. $1.00 net. full appeal to Scripture, demolishes the Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, main positions, and' riddles with grape- 1919. shot the outworks of the Pre-Millennia! advocates. .This story of Armenian suffering is not pleasant reading-but neith- er is the story of the Crucifixion.

"For a brief, clear, sane and satisfac- Bitlis is an Armenian town in Kur- distan where many were massacred tory treatment of tbe subject discussed, and from wh1ch thousands of wom- en were deported. It is a stirring this compact booklet is equal to the story of heroism and of service as best." – The Christian I nl.lligenceT.

PRICE 35 CENTS well as of suffering. This account of a former missionary is from the PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY narratives of eye-witnesses, Miss Shane and Miss McLaren, who J. M. STANFIELD passed through the siege and mas- Cleveland, Tennessee. sacres, and were the means of sav- ing many women and girls from the Turks.

Please mentlOn THJt MISSIONARY RItvntw 01' 'tHlI: WORLD in writing to advertisers NEW BOOKS New Doran Books Bractical Interchurch Methods. By A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF A. F. McGarrah. 12 mo. 335 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell. 1919. EDUCATION Prol. W. S. Athearn Training the Christian Reserves. By G. The author of THE CHURCH SCHOOL presents Franklin Ream. 16 mo. 90 pp. Meth- practical plans for a nation· wide advance in relig- odist Book Concern. The New Spirit in Industry. By F. ious ed1.cation. Net, Sl.50 Ernest Johnson. 95 pp. $0.75. As- TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL sociation Press. 1919. TEACHER ~ Luther A. Weigle The New Social Order. By Harry F. Bible school workers will find this continuation Ward. 8vo. 384 pp. $2.50. The Mac- millan Co. New York. 1920. of THE PUPIL AND THE TEACHER equally Negro Year Book. An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro. By Monroe helpful and inspiring. Net, $1.25 N. Work. 8yo. 523 pp. $1.25. Tus- kegee Institute. THE USE OF THE STORY Marks of a World Christian. By D. J. Fleming. $0.75 Association Press. IN RELICIOUS EDUCATION 1919. Come Ye Apart. Companion volume Margaret W. Eggleston to My Daily Meditation. By J. H. A recognized expert tells where to find and how to U5e the right story for eve;-y occasion. Net, SI.50 Jowett. 12mo. 254 pp. $1.50. Flem- ing H. Revell. 1919. THE SOUL OF The Truth About Korea. By C. W. Kendall. 12mo. 104 pp. $1.00 Ko- ABRAHAM LINCOLN rean National Association. Philadel- phia. 1919. William E. Barton, LL.D., D.D. The Far East Unveiled. By Frederick Coleman, Houghton Mifflin Co. An intimate, historical study of the evolution of the 1919. Albania, the Master Key to the Near spiritual life of Lincoln, in no way controversial, East. By C. A. Dako. 8vo. 290 pp. $3.50. E. L. Grimes Co., Boston. but the result of original and thorough investigation. 1919. 8vo. Net, $4.00 Indo·China and Its Primitive People. By Henry Bandesson. 328 pp. 16s. LEONARD WOOD Cons.rvator 0 Hutchinson. London, 1919. Americanism Sadhu Sundar Singh, Called of God. A Biography Eric Fisher Wood By Mrs. Arthur Parker. 88 pp. is Is. 3d. Christian Literature Society for Wood's career of astounding accomplishment as India. 1919. surgeon, soldier, administrator and exponent of The Appeal of India. By J. C. Rob- Americanism is here recorded for the first time. A bins. 100 pp. Luzac, London. 2s fascinating and inspiring story of which all Amer- 6d. 1919. icans will be justly proud. Net, $2.00 In and About Palestine with Notebook and Camera. By A. Forder. IUus. A BETTER WORLD 191 pp. 3s. 6d. 1919. Tyler Dennett g~:~::r~~~~c.:i~y~::,":~t Inter- A Modern Experiment in Apostolic Missions. By A. R. Short. Illus. With convincing earnestness and insight the author 94 pp. 2s. 6d. Harris, Bristol. 1919. sets forth the necessity oj Christian idealism in the Encyclopedia of Islam. A dictionary of the geography, ethnography and solution of world-wide social and industrial prob- biography of Mohammedan peoples. E'dited by M. T. Houtsma and oth- lems. . Net, $1.50 ers. 385 pp. Luzac, London, 1919. SPIRITUAL VOICES Redemption, Hindu and Christian. By Sydney Cave. 263 pp. lOs. 6d. Ox- IN MODERN LITERATURE ford University Press. 1919. Trevor H. Davies, D.D. Selling All to Buy the Field. By Mar- shall BroomhaIL 47 pp. 7d China Uplifting spiritual interpretations of literary master- Inland Mission. 1919. pieces. "It should find a wide favor."- A Program for Friendly Relations be- tween Mexico and the United States. New York Post. Net, $2.50 Pamphlet. Committee on Coopera- tion in Latin America. 1920. A NEW TRANSLATION Africa-Slave or Free. By J. H. Har- OF THE NEW TESTAMENT ris. 244 pp. 6s. The Student Chris- James MoHatt, D.D. tian Movement. 1919. New pocket edition, India paper, 3Y;;"xS" leather The School of Mother's Knee. By Margaret T. Applegarth. 12mo. 249 stamp cloth, round comers, gilt edge. Net, $1.25 pp. $1.50. Woman's American Bap- tist -Foreign Mission Society. 1920. Limp Morocco, leather lined, ronnd comers, gilt edge. Net, $3.50 Pocket edition, thin pal'er. Cloth. 16mo. Net, $1.25 GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madison Avenue New York Publishers in America for Hodder & Stoughton "please mention THJt MJSSlONARY RnVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Now the Church Has Taken . A Leaffrom Successful Business D o you kno~ why nine out of A few of the facta that must every ten business ventures be met: fail? -So long as half the children The an.wer is the same i~ prac- of India die before their second ticallyall cases: They Jacked the year pur own children are not facts! safe.

Business cannot succeed ",..ith- -So long as China has only out facts. one doctor for every 400,000 people, every ship from China to The Church cannot prosper with· our shores threatens the probout facts. ability of plague for us.

The Church today has the facts -Half the world is illiterate -facts that affect you and every and a menace to Democracy. other man. woman or child; facts that show that neither busine911 —Over one million people have nor the nation itself is safe if we t'l be turned away from church continue to shut our eyes to con- hospitals Mch year for lack of room. ditions once considered remote but now SQuatting at our very doors. -100,000 destitute children must now be turned away from homes and institutions. How the Facts Were Obtained How You Can Help Your Church The leading Evangelical Churches of North and Your Nation America have formed a league in a great cooperative movement in order to gain greater Men and money are needed to carry out efficiency by eliminating waste and duplica- this world program. Not merely for church tion of effort. This co-operative movement maintenance but for hospitals, colleges, is known a8 the Interchurch World Move- schools, children's homes and social welfare ment. around the world.

The Movement set out to find the facts. When your church calls upon you give– No superficial survey walt this. It searched and give from your heart as well as your the most remote corners of the world to dis- pocketbook. cover things as they were–not as they might be. The results of this scientific surVey reveal for the first time the whole task of the whole Church.

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1920

XLIII NUMBER

MARCH,1920 INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT NUMBER The Need for Missionary Cooperation S. EARL TAYLOR Growth of the Interchurch World Movement JOHN R. MOTT The Enlarging Definition of Missions TYLER DENNETT World-Wide Religious Surveys RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER – FRED P. HAGGARD AT HOME – W. S. ATHEARN ABROAD EDUCATION The Resources of the Home Church SPIRITUAL – W. E. DOUGHTY FINANCIAL – DAVID McCONAUGHY LIFE SERVICE – – J. LOVELL MURRAY Enlisting Cooperation DENOMINATIONAL CAMPAIGNS ELSIE McCORMICK CAMPAIGN PROMOTION PLANS – A. E. CORY BEST METHODS FOR THE LOCAL· eHURCH MUll E. C.CRONK 2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1920 Signs of the Times and Editorials …………………………………….. P~~~ The Need for Mis-sionary Cooperation ………….. By S. Earl Taylor LL. D. 171 Growth of the Interchurch Movement ………….• By John R. Mott LL. D. 177 The Interchurch, Organization-Illustrated ……..•….. By H. C. Reynolds 179 The Enlarging Definition of Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By Tyler Dennett 182 Surveying the Foreign Fields …………………. By Rev. Fred P. Haggard 185 Surveying the Field at Home ……………… By Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer 190 American Religious Education Survey ………… By Prof. Walter S. Athearn 195 Christian Education in America …………………… By Rev. James E. Clark 198 American Ministerial Support ……………….. By Dr. Joseph B. Hingeley 200 American Hospitals and Homes ……………… By Rev. Frank C. English 201 Releasing the Spiritual Forces …………………. By Rev. Wm. E. Doughty 202 Enlisting and Training Givers ………………….. By David McConaugley 205 The Stewardship of Life ……………………….. By J. Lovell Murray 208 Plans for Enlis-ting Life Service ……………… By J. Campbell Wbite 211 Results of Denominational Campaigns …. . . . . . . . . . . .. By Elsie McCormick 213 Best Methods-Working Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By Mrs. E. C. Cronk 219 Woman's Home Mission Bulletin-Annual Reports …… By Miss F. E. Quinlan 226 News From Many Lands …………………………………………….. 231 THE MISSIONAR Y REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President. Frank L. Brown, Vice-President. Delavan L. Plerson, Secretary~ Walter McDougall, Treaaurer Publication office, Cooperstown, N. Y. Editorial and Business Officc;e,. 156 Fifth Avenue, 2Sc a COP7 $2.50 a year New York uty *ltntered as second·class matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York, under the Act of Marcll 3. 1879. Copyrighted, 1920 The New York Times says: No one who is in the least inter- ested in human endeavors to better the world can aHord to miss DR. GRENFELL'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY A LABRADOR DOCTOR Here is the story of a man of will and indomitable courage. It is a story of such dramatic interest that it is hard to put the book down when one once starts it. Adventure I-there is enough adventure here to fit out a dozen novels of the most thrilling sort-adventure by land and sea, with reindeer journeys, long trips in dog sledges, cruising up and down a wild and rocky coast, mid snow and ice, dealing with all sorts of men, 'hair-breadth escapes from the imminent deadly breach'-one need not say more. Everybody knows Grenfell of Labrador." -The Christian Work.

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riM "",tlCHI Til. KJ.,onllY JtnIlCW or ~II. WOUdl III writin, to .,dverti8era ~ "."·•.''.·.".."'.:'. ~ID :.:".,.O……'' …. …. .:… ·.D.1..'[,…..

The Official Organ of the Interchurch World Movement, solves your problem for you.

It will keep. you posted on the work and achievements of this great new force for righte- ousness.

It will tell the world-story of applied Chrirtianity. regardless of sectarian boundaries.

It will hold and enlarge its place as an authoritative magazine on world events viewed from a Christian standpoint.

It is popular in character. Its articles are weighty but not heavy. There is a differ- ence.

It gives you vivid. interesting materials written by men and women of world-wide authority and reputation-stories that stimulate. inspire and instruct. Abso- lutely the finest talent will be commandedl It is not a journal of church machinery. It gives little attention to the departllUletal mechanisms within the churches. and great attention to the religious and social impact of the churches upon society.

Itis full of live•. human-interest illustrations, life-in-action pictures from all corners of the earth. No magazine in the United States excels it in make-up and illustration.

Its underlying purpose is to bring the searchlight of Christian principles to bear upon the problems and puzzles of a world in unrest.

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Facts for

What It Is. The Interchurch World Movement and women from twentyaeight communions and has been called into existence for the purpose of de- largely representative of the official denominational veloping a plan whereby the evangelical churches of· boards and societies, was held in Cleveland, April 30~ North America may co-operate in carrying out their May 1, 1919. Here the idea of the Movement J'e~ educational, missionary and ben~volent programs at ceived the most careful consideration, and th.e conhome and abroad. viction was unanimous that it was providential, timely and imperative. Origin. It had its beginning in a meeting held in New York City, December 17, 1918, in response to a Education. The "Interchurch Bulletin'" informs call of the ForeigIl Missions Board of the Presby- workers in the churches and in the Movement of terian Church South. The 135 persons in attendance the latest developments in the program of the unanimously agreed that the times demand a degree organization. Severa1 periodicais–"World Outof effi.cieDc"y and power on. the paTt. of. the evangelic:al look," "Ever}'land," "La Nueva Democracia"-are churches, which can be effectually secured only by publiShed by the Movement tor the dissemination the cooperation of all. through the churches of information concerning the Kingdom. Literature explanatory of the Move- The Plan Formed and Received. A Committee of ment and designed to develop the spiritual resources Twenty was created to report a plan of organization of the churches, CHristian stewardship and lifeand procedure. The report of this committee was work, is widely distributed by the Movement. received, and approved in turn by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, the Home Scope. The Interchurch ,Vorld Movement, in Missions Council, the Council of Church Boards of order to promote an intelligent and effective co- Education, the Sunday School Council, the Federa- operation of the various educational, missionary, and tion of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions, and benevolent programs of the evangelical churches, set the Council of Women for Home Missions. Each about to discover and group the facts concerning the of these bodies heartily pledged its cooperation in Vorld's need. These facts are being graphically makin&" the plan a reality. Nearly eighty denomina- presented to the country, and on the basis of these tional and interdenominational agencies have en· needs an effort will be made to secure enough men dorsed the Movement. and money to meet them.

Announced to the Country. The plans of the Survey. At the Atlantic City World Survey Con- Movement were presented wideJy by means of a ference, January 7 to 10, 1920~ the facts so far de· series nf regional ~onferences, and much helpful termined and tabulated were presented. Although criticism and many constructive suggestions were l.1lC surveys we-re'inc~mpete> the facts. -rc"Vtaled "We-rt: -called forth. On·e hundred leading pastors, after a sufficient to convince the Conference, composed of two days' conference at Pittsburgh, in April, 1919, over 1700 men and women representing forty-two enthusiastically and unanimously approved the denominations, that the time had come to call out Movement. An lnterboard conference of 500 men all tb,.e forces of the evangelical churches to meet the challen~e.

On the basis of the needs revealed by :Movement. It also will serve as a cIeadni'

the: Survey made at Atlantic CityJ a preliminary for all co-operatine agenCies, receivin& funds not budget for five years amounting to $1,320,214,557 sent through regular denominational treasurers and was proposed. This budget is not for the mainte- distributing the same on a pro rata basis as agreed nance of the Movement) but to meet the needs as upon by the severa] agendes co-operating. diSIClosed by the Survey, While it is la.rge in amount, it was declared by competent judges, in view of the Basis of Distribution. The Atlantic City Con~ facts presented, to be quite moderate. ference passed a resolution recommending "that all undesignated money contributed to the central treas- Training Conferences. During November and De- ury be divided among'the participating agencies pro cember of 19191 sixty-seven training conferences were rata with the actual receipts ftom the coming cam- held throughout the United States under the direc- paign at the end of the year," tion of the Movement. The number of delegates in attendance reached 13,877, representing over eighty Administration. For economy and conservation in denominations. the work of the Kingdom, interdenominational co- operation, which has been steadily increasing during Pastors' Confertnces. The Interchurch World recent years is to be carried just as far as the condi- Movement plans to hold Pastors' Conferences in tion of separate organizations will permit. The every state, beginning February 16, and dosing Movement, however, does not in any way seek to March 15. AU the evange}i.cal ministers of each displace or interfere with the autonomy and respon- state are to be invited to come together to receive sibility of administration of the co-operating the report of the 'World-wid~ Survey, and to hear agencies. leaders tell of the v1ans for co-operative effort, based on the revelation of th~ needs of the world. This Expenses. The immediate expenses of the Move- will be the first tim.e that all the evangelical minis- ment are being met through credits established by ters of a11 the churches of a state or given area have the co-operating boards of the churches. These had the opportunity to sit down together to con- boards do not advance money, but they do provide sider their mutual task. credit on which the Movement can borrow. The Board of Review, composed of some of the most: Enlistment. The Interchurch World Movement noted business men of the United States, which met has planned a great spiritual campaign for the pur- at Garden City, December 20, said: "The expendi.. pose of enlisting the entire life of consecrated men tures are carefully and judiCiously planned, and and women, and of securing sufficient funds to carry though amounting to important sums, are relatively the entire World Movement program of the evan- small when compared with the I"~sults in accomplish.. gelical churches_ Arrangements cover four-week ment, spiritual, educational and financial, which are periods of emphasis ou the work of (1) The Spiritual justly to be anticipated." Resources Department j (2) The Stewardship Department; (3) Tb" Life-Work Department. Tbe Cost. The cost of the campaign will depend upon World Survey Conference recommended that the the size of the budget. The larger tho budget, the whole period from January 9 until Easter be _set less will be the proportional C:ost. It is expected apart for an evangelistic campaign, co-ordinated that the cost of this campaign will be about four with similar campaigns of the various denominations, per cent. of the total. and emphasizing the work of the departments named above in this general evangelistic campaign. Extent of Co-operation. It is left to each denomi- Financial Campaign. Following the evangelistic nation to determine the extent to which it will cocampaign and the emphasis upon Intercession, Stewardship and Lite-Work, a financial crusade will operate in the financial campaign. If any denomibe undertaken by the Movement. The Atlantic nation has obtained all the money it needs for the Ciry Conference fixed the dates from April 25 to next five years it can enter on all the other phases May 2 as the period for this financial effort. of the Movement, if it so desires.

Contributions. In the financial campaign the Relations to the Forward Movement. The Interfunds raised among the several constituencies should church Movement comes as a nittural culmination of be sent directly to the regular treasurers of such denominational forward movements, the leaders of bodies. A central treasury however will assemble which were quick to realize that the objectives and report the financial facts of the campaign and which they had in mind could be attained in a still will disburse funds for the common expenses of the larger way by working together. With revised pro.. grams and unified aims, they now seele to do their work collectively through the instrumentality of the Interchurcb World Movement.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW1£ kill MARCH,1920 A CHINESE INTERCliURCH CONVENTION C IDNESE Christians have been stimulated by the great for- ward movements in the American Churches to undertake the greatest evangelistic effort in their history. With the watchword j j China for Ohrist," they have launched a movement to take the Christian message and Christian salvation to the last village of that great republic within the next five years.

The Christians of China see that their land is in a very critical period and they believe that only Christianity can save thei'r nation from ruin. The example of faith and courage -in America has brought a conviction that now is the time to launch a Christian movement for the salvation of China. Already in cities as widely separated as Peking and Canton spontaneous local movements have sprung up, geneTally calling themselves "The Christianity to Save China Movement." Cheng Ching-yi, one of the foremost Christian leaders in China, gave expression to the general feeling when he declared, "We are facing an unusual opportunity that demands prompt action. We cannot affprd to lose time. Things are moving 'rapidly, and they' call for an immediate movement on the part of all the Christian forces in China."

A national conference of Christian leaders of China was called and met in Shanghai, December 16-20. When 120 delegates came together representing practically eve'rY province and every Christian body in China. This milke-up of tl1e Shanghai conference tWas significant as Anglican bist JPs and 'Methodist preachers sat together and planned to work in a united campaign, David Z. T. Yui, the national Y. M. C. A. Secretary Bt~sided. Among. the delegates we're such men as the Chinese who invented the 600-character phonetic system, the man who has attempted to introduce Christian treatment of emploYfoles into one of the great ootton mills of Shanghai; the man who accepted the ministry of justice in the Canton (revolutionary) cabinet on the understanding that he would 161 use the position to preach Christianity; th~ man who had just baptized more than a thousand troops ef the best-drilled division in China; the woman who has largely financed the effort to reach one neglected province. The foreigners present inclnded Dr. Beebe, head of the medical missionaryprogtram for China; Dr. Rawlinson, editor of the ChVnJese Reoorder-and Dr. Stuart, president of the Peking Christian University. ._ '

The Conference was progressive and businesslike. Its first question was, "What ought to be done!" and the second "How are – we to do it T" The China Continuation Committee which called the Conference is gathering the statistics and the maps and the reports that are to make the situation in that country plain to the Christians of North America. This committee suggested a wO'rk- ing program. Seven commissions were formed to study various aspects of the situation alid each,after long discussion drew up recommendations as to what ought to be done.

The new movement will be known as the "Chin~-for-Christ Movement. " And its watchword will be "Christianity the hope of China." Dr. Cheng Ching-yi is to be the general secretary of the new movement. A Chinese, to be supported entirely by Chinese funds, will be his assistant. Rev. E. C. Lobenstine will act as associate secretary. David Z. T. Yui will be chairman of the executive coJlllIlittee. The leaders immediately proj,ected plans for a Week of Evangelism, at the time of the Chinese 'New Year in February, by which every member of every chutrch is offered a definite task in spreading the Christian message, and hence every Christian lined upwithi this movement from the beginning.

The movement is particularly significant because it shows that such an effO'rt as the Interchurch World Movement will not only arouse the Church in North America, but may inspire Christians on the other side 'of the globe, in the midst of a non-Christian civiliza- tion, to attempt tremendous things for the advance of the Kingdom of God. .

NEW FOREIGN MISSION POLICIES R EPRESENTATIVES of fifty-eight Fo!,eign Mission Boards and Societies met at New Haven for the Annual Foreign Missions Conference January 13-15. The program was unusually interesting to tlie 288 dek;ates present. Three points of especial interest should be noted. – 1. In the discussion on the politioal arvd governmental relation- ships of missions, it was recognized that while missionaries should keep free from political complications, they have a necessary re- lation to their own home governments and to the governments in the lands in which they ,work. The work should be carried on with .s little personal appeal to governments – as possible since mis-

SIGNS Oli' THE TIMES

sitmanes ar'e supra-national and are guests of thQ country in which they labor. They should not readily interfere in domestic quarrels and problems but they have first a responsibility to the govern- ment of God, and must stand for righteousness and truth under all circumstances. They also cannot but show their sympathy with afflicted peoples, whether in Korea, China, India, Egypt, Turkey or America.

2. The advantages of uniting Women's Mission Boards with the general denominational Boards were considered. Some churches have already effected this union. Some advantages are clear, but the great question is on what basis should women be represented on the General Board. The general consensus of opinion was that • in case of such amalgamation women members should be selected, like the men, because of their ability to help guide the missionary policies and program of the denominations, rather than o.n the basis of equal representation or proportionate to contributions. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody was unanimously elected Chairman of the Foreign Mis,sions Conference for next year, but declined theelectio.n.

3. The principal interest of the Conference was connected with the financial outlook for the coming year. Strong appeals were made by Robert E. Speer and S. Earl Taylor for greater faith and courage in adopting missionary budgets that are more adequate, to. meet the present needs of the world. John R. Mott offered a resolution, which was unanimously adopted, to the effect that "it is the sense of the Conference that the aggrega'te budgets of the Foreign Missionary Societies for the coming year, as presented to the American people in connection with the Interchurch WorId Movement Campaign should total approximately $103,000,000. This sum is to in- clude not only $30,000,000 as heretofore. contributions for the year, but in view of the imperative needs of missionary work should include $31,000,000 additional, necessary for maintaining the present missionary work at a higher degree of efficiency; $33,000,000 for union enterprises and other unallotted types of work in the foreign field and $9,000,000 for unoccupied areas."

The Conference felt strongly that the appeal presented to the Christians of No.rth American churches should be based, not on past gifts or on what certain leaders believed to be the giving capacity of. the churches, but on the actual present needs to enable mission- ary forces to carry out the evident pro.gram of Go.d.

FORWARD STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS T HE Home Missio.ns Boards o.f evangelical churches included in the membership of the Home Missions Council sent their representatives. to the annual meeting in New York City, January 13-15. Comity and co-operation-and how to meet the needs of the national life in America were the topics most fully discussed. 164 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD (March To evangelize and educate Americans and to make America Christian are the aims of Home Mission workers. The various agencies are ambitio"q.s to magnify Christ and to promote His Church rather than to promote the work of .any particular denomi- nation.

The Woman's Council of Home Missions was in simultal'ieous session and three days were spent in the 'Presentation of needs, the discussion of programs of co-operation, the reviewing of results achieved, and in the study of the broadening fields of service. The Negro question, which is now a matter of grave concern, is under the special care of Rev. R. WI. Roundy, the new Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council. He will help all agencies doing missionary work for the Negro to obtain a national point of view.

Alal~~a is, one· of the most difficult fields on the globe in hard- • ships for the missionary. It was suggested that the Government be urged 14. establish a wireless system to shorten distances and bring Alaska nearer to the life of tl).e world, and denominational Home Mission Boards were urged to enter at once the field as- signed to them by' the new Associated Evangeli(lal Churches of Alaska, an prganization for cooperation composed of aU the Boards doing work in Alaska. .

.An Interdenominational Training School for Christian leaders among Indians was proposed and plans were formulated for such a school to be presented to Boards working among Indians. The Student Volunteer Movement will be asked to include the home field in its appeal for life service. .

The Home Missions Council and the Women's Council for Home Missions are uniting their etforts to make the Interchurch WorId MoveJllent a success and resolutions were adopted promising assistance in the survey of home mission tasks and in the develop- ment and operation of cooperative programs. The unallotted budgets for the various divisions and types of Home Mission work were allotted to the several Boards conducting such work.

. The number of denominational Home Mission agencies in the Home Missions Council has increased to forty by the admission to membership of the Board of Home Missions and Social Service of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, the Board of Home Missions ~of the Evangelical Synod of North America, the Home and Foreign Missionary Department of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and the General Mission Board of the Brethren. The following officers and chairmen of committees were elected for the ensuing year: President Dr. Oharles L. Thompson; Vice~Pr~sidents, Dr.

Charle!i E. Barton, Dr. S. Leslie Morris, Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes; Executive S~retary, Dr. Alfred Williams Anthony; Associate Ex- ecutive Secretary, Rev. Rodney W. Roundy; Recording Secretary, Dr. Ralph Welles Keeler; Treasrurer, Mr. William T. Demarest. PR@;~RE~SIVE PROGRAM FOR LATIN AMERICA A MONG THE most neglected peoples of the- world are the Indians 9f South America. Very little Christian work has been done among them, especially by Protestant organizations. In view of' the encouragement" to all mission work by the Interchurch World Movement, and renewed earnest purpose on the part of all Boards and. their missionaries to ~ push th.'e worj{ of evangelization to a successful victory the Committee Oil Cooperation in Latin America called a conference in New York, January 16th and 17th, to consider the needs of these neglected tribes.

"Missionary'warkin this ·fieldin the past has been done chiefly among those of the lower and middle classes. The time has come when the evangelization of Latin America will be greatly hastened by the adoption of special measures for reaching the cultured and influential classes. The Conference urged the cooperating Mission Boards to provide a: fUIid' of $105,000 to support lectureships on evangelistic and apologetic subjects for these classes of people in appropriate halls in large centers."

A most deliCate and difficult part of the program of evangelism is that which must provide for carrying the Gospel message to the women of Latin America. The women of the cultured classes are very exclusive; those of the middle class:- spend their lives largely in. the seclu~ion of their homes; and the women of the lower class are interest~d only in the things to which they a~e accustomed in the daily round of their lives. The majority of the women of all classes are religious, and are a powerful force whicli is holding ml}ny of the men' to the Roman Catholic Church. One effective way of reaching these women is through Christian literature.

The chllrches are under ,obligation to undertake on a scale neVQr before attempted the evangelization and Christian education Of aboriginal Americans of whom there are not less than fifteen million full-bloods between the United States and Cape Horn, to say nothing of the many millions more who are largely of Indian blood. The most trustworthy; data available indicate that there are in Latin North America 7,015,800 full-blood Indians and in Latin South America 8,022,000. More than half of these are the direct descend~ ants of Americans who had developed remarkable civilization bflfore the days of Columbus. In spite of four centuries of disinheritance they are an indispensable factor. in the final development of most of the Latin American nations. In the next five years 147 workers froin the United States ought to be establi'shed at 40 strategic centers in Latin .A,merica with a considerable number of branch stations and with many cooperating workers' born in the countries under consideration. It is estimated that tlie cost of such undertaking in the ne.xi'five' years would not be less than $3~419,690.

Medical work In Latin America should be very greatly enlarged and Boards having work in Latin America should be encouraged to study more definitely the need for medical work in their respective fields and begin as early as possible such medical work as may seem to be particularly needed..

In regard to the great unoccupied fields in South America the following Boards were urged to assume responsibility for the O!3Cu- pation of the fields mentioned, along the lines of the Five-Year Program.

For Venezuela, the Northern Presbyterian Board. For Peru, the Northern Methodists. For Ecuador and Southern Colombia, the Northern Baptist Foreign Board and the Christian and Missionary Alliance. For Brazil, the American Board is requested to help the four American boards now in that field.

The following Boards are considering entering the needy fields of Santo Domingo and Haiti: Presbyterians in the U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal, Congregational, and Disciples.

The next steP ip. the program is the Conference in Guatemala City, which is to be held in March.

EFFORTS TO PROMOTE CHURCH UNION P LANS for interdenominational church union 'meet as many difficulties and opponents as the treaty for a league of nations.. There are divers forms and divers ways in which the movements toward union are manifested. There is the "Conferenc.e on Faith and Order," promoted by the Protestant Episcopal Church; there is the effort to have a conference of the pre1atical churches of Christendom, such as was sought by the Protestant Episcop~l Church with the Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches; there was the Conference on Organic Union that met in Philadelphia last year and sought a basis for interdenominational union, with one name-" The Church of Christ," one creed and one book, ' the Bible, and one form of government. There follows the Interchurch Council which met in Atlantic City last June to consider plans for the amalgamation of the 20,000,000, to 30,000,000 Protestants in America. This Council has recently met again in Philadelphia and adopted the name "The United Churches of Christ in America."

Then there are the less difficult and more practical movements· for unity and cooperation, such as those that take form in great interdenominational conferences, and the interchurch organizations. These are becoming more important, more practical and powerful every year. Where the spirit of unity is fully developed there 'will be less difficulty in organic union. . Finally, there are the actualconsolidations, successfully consummated or contemplated in America and 011 mission fields. Such are the church union movements in China and India.

JBDITOlUAL

~ I I:fiftI ij dii. II SHALL WE GO FORWARD T HERE are two' easy courses open to everyone who laces a new and unusual proposal. One may say "It is better to abide in the old ways of which we have been sure." Or we may say, "The thing should be done. Let us not spend time, then, in scrutinizing the proposals as to whether the methodl suggested are wisest and best. Let us go forward without ques· tioning. " But neither one of these courses is right. When 8 new program, .such as that which the Interchl,1rch World Move- ment outlines, is proposed we must face it with just and critica1 minds, honestly and conscientiously.

If there ever was a time when Christian men and womell needed vision, this is that time. We need to listen to those who know the history of the Christian Church, who can show us where the Church has gone wrong in the past so that we may avoid those mistakes. But today we may be called upon not only to de- scribe past Church history but to make present history. Possibly our children in days to come may see that we erred, here s:nd there, in our judgment and acts but we must not for that reason refuse to move forward. .A. wisdom greater than human wisdom is needed to guide us to better ends than 'we" forsee.

The plans that are set before us in this Movement call us ro set aside divisive issues and to set our minds on our gre~t collective treasures: the ideal of cooperation; the spirit of courage and of faith; the sense of brotherly fellowship and confidence; the will to discover oUr duty in courageous and heroic terms; the purpose , to find and bring to the nation and to the world today those great moral and spiritual forces which we know to be the vital need of mankind; our resolute purpose to keep our eyes fixed on our great common interests and not on the separate inte'l'est of any individual or any group of individuals.We must find the way to accomplish our great task togethet- It does not matter how great are the difficulties. They exist merely in orde'l' that, by the grace and Spirit of God, we may overcome them.

American Christians have an opportunity to exhibit to the nation and to the world ways in which the great work of Christ . can be done in loyalty to higher truths than those with which most men have been accustomed to work. .A. new standard should be set if a better one can be found. But we ought not to" sur- 167

render to practices, no matter if they have been found successful in othe>r spheres, unless those practices embody the purest ideals as one finds them in the methods of our Lord and in the Apostolic Church. _ A financial campaign in behalf of world wide missions is right and necessary. One of the chief engineers of a great railroad was recently explaining the plans of his road to spend one hundred million dollars on improvement·in the next six years. Should not the ChuTch of Jesus Christ provide for more adequate facilities and equipment in the great missionary enterprise at home and abroad ?But the financial aspect is the least part of it. One St.

Paul and what he stood for is worth much more than a billion, three hundred million dollars. The value of one right man is greater than ever can be expressed in figures. We must not distort the ideals and proportions as we go out to do the work that God has . given us to do. We must be united in the brotherhood and in the fell()wship of Jesus Christ.

THE INTERCnURCH WORLD MOVEMENT T HIS NUMBER of the REVIEW gives as clear, as complete an<l as compact a story of the origin, purp()se and plan of the InterchurclJ.World Movement as is possible to present. in the limited space. This is done for the benefit of those who have not been able to keep in touch with the developments of the past two years. The Movement is young and vigorous. Noone will deny that it moves though some may have questioned whether it 1s moving in the nght direction and with spiritual power. Mistakes have been made–what great enterprise has been without themT- but many errors have been corrected and we may hope that others win be foreseen and avoided.

Three things in the program of the Movement call for hearty cooperation. First is the study of the need of mankind for Christ and His Gospel. It seems inconceivable that, nineteen hundred years after the Saviour of the world came to reveal the Way of Life and commissioned lIis followers to go into all the world and pro- claim His message, there should still be two-thirds of the human race who have practically no knowledge of what He came to do.

Scarcely more than one in ten of the world '8 population can be counted among His devoted, intelligent disciples. There is no ques- tion as to the nMd for a thorough and united study of the world in its relation to' Christ. This is the purpose of the various depart- ments of the Home and Foreign Surveys. .Second, all Christian 'agencies should cooperate to insure a more adequate education of the home church as to world conditions and their own indebtedness. anTdheprlienacdipelresso.ffotrhme amniyssyioenarasryb~etnttehreprise have studied the facts

EDITORIAL COMMENT

rank and file, even of the pastors, have been in comparative ignor- ance. Many have studied their own little parish, a few: have taken an occasional hasty glance over larger fields where their own Church ii' working, but few indeed have studied the needs of the world-field with the vision of Jesus Christ, without sectarian or selfish bias.

This united program of education of the whole Church to bring before "the last man in the last church" the whole task is the work of the promulgation group in its various departments. '

Third, Christians should unite to secure a more adequate response than Christians have thus far made to the can- of God to give themselves, their prayers, and their possessions, whole heart- edly to world evangelization. From Antiocil the Holy Spirit called three sixths of the Christian teachers to pioneer work. In the recent war some nations called one in twenty of the men to leave home and business to fight for the cause of freedom; arid yet the Christian Church has been satisfied with one son in two hundred in the ministry and one son in three thousand for work on the fron- tiers. With untold resources in the hands of the Church vast multitudes of ChriS'lians still give little thought and less money to missionary work. Few, very few, have any true idea or practice of stewardship. There is need to mobilize the forces of the Christian Church for the work of Christ. This is the province of the Educa- tion and PromUlgation' Groups. '"

But suppose that all these things are done, and they cannot be done hastily, there is still a staggering task to be completed.

When the field is thoroughly surveyed, the Church thoroughly in- formed and the forces more adequately mobilized, not one individual can be converted:- nor one commUI).ity truly transformed without the work of the Spirit of God. We cannot too often remind our- selves that our dependence is upon Him. . '"

Another danger in a great organization is dependence on human machinery and power and the imitation of worldly methods of promotion. During the war the one thing sought was to "com- plete the job" as quickly as possible. Extravagance and waste were overlooked if >only the end in vieW! was accomplished. Great organizations were built up only to disintegrate later. In the Kingdom of God it is life rather than machinery that counts and right methods and lasting results rather- than large undertakings or quick results.

TIle greatest reason for. encouragement in this Movement is the snirit of prayer that pervades the leaders. Work that is done in the power and under the leadership of God is not in vain, but God's processes are unhurried. The harvest reqnirespatience and self-sacrificing service but above all it requires an understand- ing of God's program, faithful obedience to His laws and unselfish ~ cooperation with Him. –

MISSION

OF THE WORLD _ Unoccupied II _ Vert inadequate" occupied D 1>'1 IIost nearly occupied.

r::::J Almost 110 population THE TASK BEFORE THE EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH TODAY I An evidence of the need for Christian cooperation-nineteen hundred years after the Saviour of the World gave His life for the 'World and told His followers to go into all the world and to preach the Gospel to every creature. :iY S. EARL TAYLOR, LL. D., NEW YORK General Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement P RESIDENT Wilson haJs said: "Religion is the only force in the world that I have ever heard of that does actually trans- form the life, and the proof of the transformation is to be found all over the world '9.nd is multiplied and repeated as Chris- tianity gains fresh territory in the heathen world."

What are the fundamental elements of democracy in America!

The Christian home, the open Bible-in a word, the foundations of morality laid deep by our Pilgrim forefathers. But if democracy has been built up in America by these elements. of our civilization, what shall we say of other nations of the globe 7 Almost two-thirds of the earth's population have never even heard of Christ. They Jive apart from the whole range of influences associated with Christianity; they lack the sense of the value of personality and human rights which work so mightily in a nation's progress. And ·the nations are" telling us about it. The dead f()lI'malism of the Far East will not hold the educated clrusses today. One of the great men of China who passed through America on his way to Paris said: "You have taken away from us our idols and our temples and destroyed our faith in Buddhism and Confucianism.

ResponsiDility rests on you to give us a positive substitute, which we must now have to avoid chaos." Mighty Russia, so vast in size that we cannot comprehend it, sends out this cry: "Russia wan~ books, not bayonets. Russia n(leds teachers, not soldiers. Send us farm machinery, not machine guns. And give U!S help for the four million orphans 6f our country. Send us men and women to work with us, to live with us in the, villages as well as in the cities, to teach us how to be· free and to use freedom wisely."

There is Mexico. Four out of five people in Mexico cannot read the Bible. The very name of God is unknown to one-fifth of the population. Rev. S. G. Inman e!Stimates that the first··six months of the Mexican border patrol cost the United States government more than enough to build and maintain for ten years a fully equipped college, hospital, social settlement, and church in every town' of over fOUT thousand people in the republic pf Mexico. A single Christian school, developed in Mexico by one lone American girl with a few native workers and the help of Almighty God, has literally transformed the city in which it was founded, and its whole attitude toward the United States, and especially toward our Christianity, has been changed. If this sort of thirtg could be 111 .

extended, 'border patrol of Mexico would be unnecessary inside of ten years.

Take South America, made up of republics most vitally related to ,us, a country so vast we cannot comprehend its size. Bishop Oldham declares that the intellectuals of South America have dis- carded God from their vocabulary. They hold a position ,agnostic and openly infidel.

Look at beautiful Japan. A little white square in the center of a map of the island empire represents the Christian poulation.

A little larger area ishows those in reach of the Word of God, and the vast bulk of the population is still untouched by the Gospel of Christ. Japan has failed at the point of her greatest success, namely, her educational system, because of the complete separa- tion of education and religion.

Today 90 per cent of the grad- uates of the government col- leges in Japan are frankly with- out religious faith. They are the future prime ministers, cabinet ministers, governors, principals and professors of colleges, doc- tors, lawyers, and other leaders'

BRAZIL, WITH A POPULATION OF 24,000,000 of Japan. What kind of a Japan A~~ tA~~~ l~Vft¥.~T~Hf~~~%lS can these men be expected to make'

Is Japan a menace f Only: in the sense that America and Europe are a menace in so far as ,they are not Christian. A Christianized Japan would he a mighty force for 'l"ighteousness and peace in the Far Eastern world. Twenty-five years ago th.e mis- sionaries in Japan called aloud to the churches, saying that Japan's redemption was possible at that time.. that the opportunity would pass in a year, ,and the Church must act quiokly. The Chmch did not respond, and the Christian harvest in Japan has been post- poned for at least fifty years, posisibly a century. '

China is better prepared today than Japan was twenty-five years ago. A mighty land is China with her 330,000,000 people, equaling in population all of Russia and Gerrmany and Austria-and Bulgaria, Greece, Denmark, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Great :t3ritain, France and Italy. Today we have the opportunity; to~ morrow will be too late. Will we take advantage of the present opportunity to win China for ChristT The program of the Christian Church must ~t least match the policy of the nation in Service to mankind, if the Church is to con- tip.ue as a world force. Dr. Mott said not long ago: "A practical

THE NEED FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION

plan of cooperation, entered into intelligently by the leaders of the aggressive forces of Protestantism and adhered to loyally without compromise or sacrificing any vital principle, would make possible easy world-wide occupation by pure Christianity of all those fields that now concern us." Now, if that be true, God pity the Church or the Chr~stian that stands in the way of a program like this!

Let us turn from the foreign field to face the problem before the Church at home. I will mention a single phase of the problem, that of the Negroes of America, and I know of no more difficult CIDNA task in the home mission field.

Illiteracy among the Negroes has been reduced from 90 per cent to 30 per cent. The total property held by them is valued at $700,- 000,000.. There are 50,000 Ne- groes in professional service.

They print 400 newspapers and Jl.eriodicals. Their migration from South to 'North is sending its powerful streams to Chicago, to Detroit, to our great cities. As a result, two hundred and fifty thousand workingmen are located in a new environment. This is their plea : WANTED: churches .

in which to worship (or they are inherently a religious people) decent houses in which to live; fair chances at an honest living; good schools; equal protection to life, liberty and property. In one of their ~hlITches in Philadelphia the contrast is alarming between the space for the Sunday-school and the actual school, with its enrolment of 3,800. The church seating capacity is 1,000 and its membership is 3,300! Why not occupy a field like that' , THE CHURCH RESOURCES AND GIFTS Beyond all question,·the Church of Jesus Christ is incomparably the most powerful organization in the world. With such opportunities before Uls the work can go forward, if the Church will face its task.

Yet a fair study of the Church's latent resources-and un,used power would pTobably compel us to conclude that, of all the great organizations in the world, the Ohurch ~s, developed to the smallest percentage of its capacity. When we look at the Church's financial response to the world's need, we find that in one large denomination it took eleven days to give one cent to the Board of Foreign

Missions, thirteen days to give a cent to home missionls, two months and twenty-four days to give a penny to the Freedman's Aid Society and three months aml three-tenth days to give a penny to Sunday-schools. Then !Somebody discovered that if we gave a two cent postage stamp a week it would increase Our offerings a million dollars. A cent a day would make an increase of $10,- 000,000; a dime a week, $15,000,000; a half dollar a month (the price of a very cheap meal these days), $18,000,000. After fifty years of missionary organization and development in the Methoditlt _ Episcopal Church, the per capita offerings for missions, foreign and home, from both church and Sunday-school, including the work of church extension, special gifts, and city miSisions, are actually less than the per capita fOT missions fifty years ago; and yet the wealth of the nation has increased from $7,000,000,000 t9 $250,- 000,000,000 in that period of time, the per capita wealth of the nation jumping from $500 to $2,500 per capita in that same period.

A typical inistance is that of a church, free of debt, well located, with a good building, good parsonage, fine Sunday-school, having the every-member canvass, the duplex envelope, paying the seventh high- est per capita offering in the district, and has the following record: 102 give nothing; 31, one cent a week; 57, two cents a week; 58, two and one-half i3ents a week.

The war cost the world $450,000,000,000-$7.41 per !second since Christ was born! Interest charges at four per cent for one hour exceea the total foreign gifts of America for 1918. No wonder the commander of the British fleet said: "If haIf of the zeal and passion, half of the outpouring of life and treasure OT organization and efficiency that the state has put into this World War' could be thrown into the cause of the Kingdom of God and of th~ eternal verities, the world would soon be won."

A new day is upon us. If we, as Christiansr believe sincerely that the business of God is the most important work in the universe, it is our duty to use every effort in our power to further the interests of that business with all the resources and knowledge and experience we possess. When the director of a large enterprise discovers that time and effort and money are being wasted through lack of Coordination in, the variouil. departments, he does not rest until he has got the thing coordinated and eliminated the waste.

He will call in efficiency experts and reorganize his enterprilse from top to bottom, if necessary, until finally, allowing only for human error, he has secured 100 per cent efficiency. .

If it is worth going to that trouble to secure the best results from a mere human money-getting business, is it not our sacred dutY as Christians to see to it that God's business is made as efficient as human effort, inspired by faith and prayer, can make itt The trouble with OUT Protestant churches has 'been that, though WHERE 58 MILLIONS UNCHURCHED ,PROTESTANT AMERICANS RESIDE ALABAMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS COLORADO * ~~ -CONNECTICUT DEl4WARE >i ~ 3ili. >''; 'S, D., C. FLORIDA ===~ GEOIIGIA IDAHO i~ ·ILLINOIS 'Y///////U///////////AW//////M iNDIANA , IOWA ~W-= KANSAS KENTUCKY – To..15 : C.tholics 16.788.21<4 Jew, 3,388.9~1 Other Non-Prot. 139,709 LOUISIANA ProtesUlnt. 24,354,216 Not members of ~ny church 58.368.241 MAINE JEWISH PROTESTANT NOT M[MURS MARYLAND OF ANY CHURCH MASSACHUSETTS ,~ ,~ MICHIG"N MINNESOTA G '67 MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVAOA NEW H""'PSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK N, CAROLINA N. DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND S, CAROLINA S, OAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON W VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING —.. individually many of them have displayed a very high degree of efficiency in Christ's service, they have not functioned efficiently in relation to the Church as a whole. It has been like the parts of ~ machine functioning independently one of another.

The Interchurch World Movement was organized for purposes of cooperation, not union, among denomiqational agencies. It is a gtouping of missionary, educational and philanthropic organizations within the several communions, not to supply the details of a plan of eampaign, but to promote cooperation among the' churches, ISO, that a unified plan may be evolved and put into operation. The work must be undertaken in no narrow sectarian spirit. It must liJe the sincere effort of a united Church, if it is to make its full contribution to the happiness and Christian welfare of the new ~~ , First, however, we must know exactly what our objectives are: what is the strength and position of the enemy. These are the things that the Interchurch surveys are designed to discover. The Survey Department corresponds to the intelligence department of an aimy. When the surveys are completed we shall know, county by county and city by city in the United States, and country by country in the foreign field, what are the -religious needs of the world, and what is America's share in the approximate cost in men and money to meet these needs. . Then it is' necessary for the leaders of our various churches or missionary agencies to gather around a common table to consider the facts and figures revealed by the surveYls and to formulate a strategic plan of campaign. When .they see before them places oooupiedby Baptists, Methodists, Disciples and Congregationalists, EpiscopaliaIl]s, Presbyterians and others; when they have the out- line of all the forces engaged in this great world struggle which we are waging for Christ; and when also-they have before them charts of vast unoccupied areas where there are no workers at all- , then that Council can agree upon a plan in which an denominations will have their allotted share. The leaders can then return to their own bodies and societies; and while each remains indepeudent and autonomous in its own field, a harmonious plan,or campaign m·ay be applied to developing the tactics of their individual enterprises. It is the promotion of this spirit of cooperation, of Christian brotherhood among the churches, which is the object of the Inter- church World Movement. The broad principles or ChTistian love and fellowship are the same the world over, and those who come together in mutual harmony to carry the Gospel of our Saviour to the ends of the world will be better Christians, and better mem..

bers of their own denominations because of the proof they have given of their sympathy with the spirit of Christ, our Master, who prayed that His follow, ers might all be one. –

of the Interchurch

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL. D., NEW YORK Chairman of Executive Committee of the Interchurch World Movement D ISCERNING leaders and in fact other discerning members of the churches, for some time have recognized the desir- ability, indeed the necessity, of a more concerted plan for the expansion of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ, and for larger unity in action in the carrying out of such plans ajs may command the united confidence and following of the churches.

About two years ago· M'r. James M. Speers, a layman of the Presbyterian Church, in viewing the experiences of the American, Canadian and British people during the war in associating their efforts to conduct a united campaign, asked the question: "Why should we not apply some of these same principles to the affairs of our foreign missionary societies1" He presented this view in a pa- per at the annual conference of Foreign Mission Boards held that . year," and some who heard the appeal could not get away from the cogency and logic of the arguments. The Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, influenced by similiLT considerations, was led to take the initiative and decided that the~e would be some advantages in calling together representatives of the various foreign mission boards of North America to consider the desirability of a union of effort on the pa'rt of the foreign mission boards in attaining certain common ends. That meeting was held in December, 1918, in New York.

A memorable day was spent in Conference and the conviction deepened in the minds of those present that the time had come for our various Christian communions to draw more closely together for investigation of the needs of the world, for interpretation, and then, for action on a united program.

A committee of :(ifteen was appointed and then enlarged to twenty representatives of foreign and home missionary interests. Later the educational boards of the church$ were included, and as the discussion ~ntinued the scope of the plan was extended to include other agencies, denominational and even undenominational and interdenominational, o( our North American Protestant Chris- tianity.

At the annual oonference of the foreign boards in New Haven, in January, 1919, and the annual conference of the home boards in New York the Committee submitted their plans. It was the some- ,vhat remarkable fact that on each occasion substantial unanimity was ex:pressed that the time had come when we should come togethEl'l' and work together so far as we could conscientiously do so, in order • See MISSIO"UY Rlcvllew os 'l'H~ WORI.D for March, 1911.

177

that we niight more eoonomically, more efficiently and more fruit- fully accomplilsh the task before us.

The plan called for the creation of a General Committee, first of one hundred, which convened at Wallace Lodge and shaped the plans which have guided the Interchurch World Movement. '

An Executive Committee was appointed_ by the General Com- mittee, -and the Movement began to function almost immediately.

Plans were projected for the surveys .at home and abroad, and all the various activities of the cooperating churches or agencies.

The General Committee was called together in Cleveland in the spring of 1919 and at that time the relationships between this Movement and the various agencies of the churches, were defined.- At another meeting of the General Committee, held in Cleveland in September of 1919, further commissions caTefully reviewed what had -been accomplished up to date, and pointed the way for further development.

Intimate conferences were held with the leaders of the Forward Movements of the various denominations which had decided' to cooperate with greater or less fulness with the plans of the Movement. Still later, eXiperts or specialists were summoned by the different divisions of the survey to review what had been done and to help give guidance. In some cases radical changes were made in the plans of the Interchurch World Movement, and in the steps to be taken in perfecting the surveys.

An interesting group met in GaTden City' a few weeks ago, as a Board of Review. This was a group of men of wide outlook, of la'rge experience, of proved sagacity and judgment, and of the finest unselfish spirit. It was also decided to call together a large body of representativeiS of the vaorious cooperating communions or denominations. This ,conference met in Atlantic City, January 7 to 9 to view the whole task which confronts our North American Protestant Christianity, as it -looks out into the nelds on this continent, and as it reaches out beyond the oceans to all parts.

of the world. The plans or the Interchurch Movement were placed before the 1500 delegates that came together and after free and open discussion accepted the purposes and plans of the Movement and authorized the Executive Committee to proceed.

Napoleon, in speaking of a phase of warfare that has not been much in evidence in the recent war, said: "The time to bring up the cavalry is when the enemy's lines begin to waver, that you may turn defeat into rout." The lines, not only here in North America but on every continent, that oppose the friendly and -constructive ministry of pure .ChTistianity are not only wavering -they are breaking. This is the moment of moments for us to find our unity, our spiritual solidarity, in order that we may win world wide spiritual victories for our Lord and Master.

CABINET OF THE INTERCHURCH WORLD MOVEMENT AT A

CONFERENCE· .

The Interchurch Organization T HE ORGANIZATION of such an enterprise should be economical and adequate, capable of rapid expansion or con- traction, democratic in its representation of the various cooperating communions and agencies, but at the same time effi- cient in its methods, giving free play to individual initiative, with proper safeguards against duplication of function.

The "Board of Review," a group of representative leaders of several denominations, reported at the World Survey Conference their approval of this organization, and the expenses incurred. They expressed this approval in the following words: "Had the leaders, through lack of vision or fear of present criticilim, dared less, and prepared a less adequate foundation, they would havesubjecfed themselves eventually to far greater censure because of their failure to have oonstructed a foundation sufficiently broad . and strong for the great structure which alone will be in any sense worthy of the united effort of so large an aggregation of the Christian people of the land."

The basis of the Interchurch Movement organization is the con- stituency of cooperating denominations and denominational Boards that ferms the grouncwork of the entire plan. ThQiT represintative 179

controlling body is the General Committee of which Hon. Robert Lansing is Chairman and the members of which are nominated· by the varioUlS communions. This Committee outlines the policies, while the Executive Committee headed by Dr. John R. Mott works out the policies in more detail. The direction of the execution of policies is in the hands of Dr. S. Earl Taylor, General Secretary, and a Cabinet of nine Associate General Secretaries who are chosen for their executive ability, their experience in similar organizations, and their relationships to their denominations. Many of them are aLso di'rectors .of departments of the Movement.

Dr. 'Abram E. COTY, who headed the !Men and Millions .Move- ment of the Disciples Church, is Director of the Field Department.

Dr. W. B. Millar, for some years General Secretary of the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, is s.ecretary of the. EXe<lUtive Com- mittee. Dr. Fred P. Haggardt former general iSecretary of the Baptist Victory Campaign, is Director of the Surv.ey Department.

Dr. Fred B. Fisher, who was Campaign Director of the Methodist Centenary, is director of the Industrial Relations Department.

Dr. Daniel A. Poling, associate president of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, directs the Laymen's Activities Department.

MI'!s. William H. Fa:rmer, one of the leading women ()f the Baptist Church, is director of the Women's Activities Departm~:iJ.t. Dr: J.

Campbell White, former Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary , Movement, is head of the Life Work Department. Miss Mabel Cratty, General Secretary of the Y. W. C. A., is also an Associate Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement. Dr. J. Y. Aitchison, of the new Board of Promotion of the Northern Baptist Convention: is also on the cabinet. Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, general secre- tary of the New Era Movement oithe Presbyterian Church, is vice- chairman of the Executive Committee. .

The expenses of the movement for salaries, rent, travel, printing, supplies and surveys up to January 1, 1920, amounted to $2,035,000.

The amount to be spent up to June 30 next covering the period of intense activity through the United Simultaneous Financial Ingather- ing, will be based on the principle that the expense should not exceed 5 per cent of the amount of money to be raised. The expenses will be met by advances from banks, which are willing to make loans to the Movement without collateral and secured only by the underwrit- ing of the cooperative agencies. Ea:ch cooperating agency is ex- pected to underwrite the expense up to 5 per cent of its- own askings. It will not be called upon to pay any eXlpense money, even· out of its own receipts in the campaign, however, unless the amount of gifts not designated for any particular denomi~ational . agency falls. below the total expenses. .

Plan of Organization of the Interchurch World

GENERAL COMMITTEE (Meets four times a year) 155 Members of Denominations and Denominational Boards HON. ROBT. LANSING FRED. B. SMITH WM. B. MILLAR Chairman Vice-Chairman Secretary I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (Meets once a month) J Finanee 24 Members from tbe General Committee , Nominating and Budget Committee Committ. . JOHN R. MOTT, WM. H. FOULKES.

Chairman Vice-Chairman WM. B. MILLAR GEORGE M. FOWLES Secretary Treasurer I CLEARING HOUSE COMMITTEE I ORGANIZATION AND METHODS· John H. WiUiam.

. THE CABINET .

S. EARL TAYLOR J. Y. Aitchison Fred B. Fisher Daniel A. Poling General Secretary Chairman Abram E. Cory Wm. H. Foulkes J. Campbell White Wilt! E. Doughty George M. Fowles Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer Fred P. Haggard John R. Mott Fred B. Smith Miss Mabel Cratty Wm. B. Millar ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS WITH DEPARTMENTS AND EXECUTIVES – OBJECTIVES GROUP EDUCATION PRO MULGA- F. P. Halillard, E",ecutive GROUP TION GROUP AUXILIARY Departments aDd Directors GROUP Daniel A. Poling A. E. Cory FOREIGN EXPOSITION Eueuli.. Wm.B.Millar Efl:e&'Uti1l6 Ezecuti1l6 SURVEY DEPT. DEPT. FIELD DEPT. INDUSTRIAL A. E. Cory SALES DEPT. J. F. Zimmerman F. P. Haggard RELATIONS Herbert L. Hill DEPUTATIONS HOME MISSIONS GRAPIDCS Fred B. Filher C. H. Pratt SERVICE DEPT. C.C.M""" SURVEY DEPT. LAYMEN'S LITERATURE ACTIVITIES 8.J. Herben TREASURY DEPT. R. E. Diffendorfer L. A. Warner Geo: M.Fowl"" Daniel A. Poling PUBLICITY AMER. EDUCA· LANTERN T1Ier Dennett PERSONNEL DEPT. TION DEPT. LIFE WORK R. C. Edlnnd SLIDES J. Campbell White ADVERTISING and Robt.L.KeIy DISTRIBUTlNG STORAGE and S. R. V"mton MISSIONARY FORWARDING EDUCATION C. 8. Clark DEPT. HOSPITALS RESEARCH and HOMES DEPT. MiI.. B.Fillher PERIODICALS C.C.Miles WmardPrice Frank C. Enl!liah J. L. Muraell SPIRITUAL RESOURCES MINISTERIAL STATIsTICS SUPPORT DEPT. W. E. Doughty W. B. HoHingshesd .. J… B. Hingeley STEWARDSIDP PAGEANT Ralph S. Cuo1unan RELIGIOUS F. P. Haggard EDUCATION WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES Walter S. Atheani Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer YOUNG PEOPLE'S ACTIVITIES W.R.Hall About eighteen hundred int!ividuals are now employed by the Movement in these various departments Each State. County and City has an Interd~ominational Council. There is a State Field Secretary and a State Survey Supervisor. The county and city organizations are formed by the cooperating churches and have volunteer workers.

EnlargiI?g Definition of

BY TYItER DENNETT, NEW YORK Director of the Publicity Department of the Interchurch World Movement L IFE DOES not move forwa'rd greatly in advance of its vo- cabulary. The new world calls for new definitions. In the last three years "democracy" has been the most minted word in the American vocabulary. Indeed, it was minted so often and put into circulation so frequently with less than its face value· of idealism and ethical conviction in reserve, that the word has suffered a depreciation equal almost to that of the RUJssian ruble.

Yet no one will deny that the word powerfully affected the wills of a hundred million people, and its constant use through the world is one of the chief factors in creating this present need for the restatement of practically every definition of human purpose and intention.

Is not the missionary purpose of the Chr]stian Church also in need of new definitions ~ It would be stimulating to the vitality of one's personal religious convictions if, every ten years, he were compelled to write a new definition of why he is a Christian. Words become devitalized with constant usage until at lalst they lose their power to move the will. The search for new words often stimulates creative thought and leads on to new experience. Any attempt to redefine the purpose of Christian missions, in the light of the newly discovered facts and newly awakened human interests which have been brought forwa'rd in the prust five years, will have the double benefit of making our purpose more intelligible to others and of stimulating our own personal convictions.

We pass easily from the realm of personal religious convictions to that of missionary purpose because the two are identical. They are as illlSeparable as the two sides of a Federal Reserve note.

It is because in the past we have attempted the impossible task of departmentalizing our religious lif~ and creating a department of missions, as distinguished from departments of Church extension and religious education and theology, that both Christian ex- perience and Christian missions have fared badly. In fact Christian experience is' missionary experience, and if the experience is not missionary it is not Christian. .

Forty-five years ago a great American poet apostrophized the age as standing "at thy temple door, heart in, head out." The description is now almost obsolete, for while the present age still stands at the temple door, conditions are nearly reversed fO'r mil- lions of people. The head is in but the heart is out. That is to say, vast numbers of people do not understand that what they hear in 182 . the churches, or what they do there, has a very close !relation to what is happening each day in the streets of the world. For them the p-qrpOise of the Church must be made intelligible, and this -involves a restatement of the missionary purpose.

In the second place, we requi're a new definition of the purpose of Christian missions in order that the missionary worker may not fail to grasp the direct bearing which his labors have on the tremendous issues of international politics, finance, commerce, and trade relations, and also upon restoration of healthy civic and … national life, the restoration of goodwill, and the draining off of the vast reservoirs of spiritual poisons which the period of the War accumulated. '

Thirdly, we need a new definition of missions as the trans-; cendent purpose of the Church of Jesus Christ iR order to preserve'

far us as individuals the vitality of our convictions and to stimulate apostolic zeal.

– Before we are prepared to restate the definition of Christian missions, we must study a host of new facts which the last five and one-half yeam of' upheaVal have created or laid bare. We must take into consideration the new political boundaries which have been established, the withdrawal of the Tights of missionary liberty from large areas, the economic questions involved in our dealings with the native races. We cannot frame the purpose of missionary work in any land without first carefully studying, in the light of the Gospel of Christ, the needs and privileges of this great hour.

Not only do we need. information as to the new conditions; new classifications also are necessary. The classifiCations, accord- ing to which Christian men are arranging theiT tholJ-ghts today, are many of them quite new. Some of these new topics are as follows: the elimination of waste; the increase of production; the conserva- tion of life; the boundaries of religious freedom; and justice for women. Under !Such classifications as these it is possible, yes, and neces'sary if the Church would have the attention of mankind, to state the old truths of the Gospel with overpowering force.

With the ascertained facts of' the new world situation and a new classification of human interests before the Church, it is now necessary to create an entirely fresh liteTature, and to devilSe new measures of missionary and religions education. The work of the home missionary among foreign-born and foreign-speaking groups of people in oUT industrial centers and agricultural areas assumes new interest and importance when studied in the 'light of sOWId ideals of civic responsibility. Never before has the nation been so exposed to the demoralization of materialism, the de-spiritual- izing of human relations, and the cheapening of ideals. The nation moves towaxd destruction_for lack of ethical k~owledge and

spiritual e01tvietion. It is supremely the duty of the Church of Christ to provide the nation today with an intelligent, integrated, reasoned· program of education i~ which the facts of daily activity are related to the eternall'aw of life as revealed in Christ.

So much for the Tealm of thought, for the creation of a fresh vocabulary. Now as to the realm of action. The. word must become flesh, action; it mnst be eneTgized. The consideration of this subject leads us directly into the field of ecclesiastical organiza- tion and operation, and in this field there is a lamentable lack of clear thinking and firm conviction. The world is extremely impa- • tient with ecclesiastical orgaIlization. It has a vague idea that there are too many churches, that they "ought to get together,"

that nothing worth while is being conserved by their separation.

When one analyzes the attitude of "the man in the street" on the subject of church unity, it is found that it is not unity but united and effective action which he is demandipg. He cares very little whether the denominations effect organic unity or not, but he knows that his own heart is haunted by a hundred moral questions which he is unable to answer and to which the churches appear to have no answer. He desires to do something as a loyal citizen and as a friendly neighbor, to help himself and his fellows out of the moral morass into which they have fallen, and he thinks that the Church fails to help him because there is no Church; there are to h~s eyes only churches. Having approached the moral questions of the day from the daily paper rather than f'rom the study of the Bible, he fails to understand and respect the moral convictions which actually underlie sectarianism. The churchman, approaching the subject from his Bible, with slight reference to the daily news, often fails utterly to respect the moral earnestness of the man in the street who is calling upon the churches to get together. What mankind is really demanding of the Church of Christ today is action,-moral action, spiritualized by the idealism of Jesus.

The Interchurch World Movement of America is addressing itself to an analysis and interpretation of some of these outstanding facts.

It is organized for action. It is at the same time engaged in the framing of an enlarged definition of the purpose of the Church itself. It does not claim to have made new discoveries of religious truth, but it is seeking to define the old truths in such terms of action as will make the truth itself intelligible to hundreds of millions of people in America and other countries. It is an effO'rt, viewed from the widest angles, to convert intellectual assent into moral earnestness. It is an effort to mobilize the moral earnestness of mankind for the upbuilding of the Kingdom of God. In so far as the new Interchurch World program is sincere it may revolutionize th~ attitude of mind and heart of men towards the Church of Christ.

"THE;Y WORSHIP THE;Y KNOW NOT WHAT."-NORTH AFRICAN MOSLEMS AT

Surveying the Foreign Fields BY RE"- F. P. HAGGARD, D. D., NEW YORK Executive of [he Survey Group, Interchurch World Movement T HE FOREIGN SURVEY is a world survey,-geographically, racially, topically, Teligiously and interdenominationally. It is the first thorough-going, all-worId Christian survey that has ever been made. We need to know the facts, let them be what they may, startling or even overwhelming. ,Ve may be so overcome by the magnitude of the needs that we can not do everything, but we will think and work better if we know the facts. With these facts of the situation in hand we can tell what we need in te'rms of men and money to solve the problem.

The heart and conscience of the Church should be aroused by the survey so that adequate support to the work will be given.

Every phase of the work studied in the American surveys,- education, hospital work, training of nurses, teachers and preachers are included in the Foreign Surveys of each mission field. As a result of this investigation it should be possible for the first time to obtain a clear view of the entire task of every Christian denomination.

The China Continuation Committee has a most remarkable survey already complete, and all of that material is at the disposal of the Interchurch World Movement. The right arm of the survey in China is the Continuation Committee; in Latin America, it i!'l 111

the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America; in Japan, the Federated Missions and in India, the Continuation Committee there. The crux of the survey is to put before- tlie Protestant churches of the United States a judgment of what is actUally needed to do the work in the next five years. The budget that is to be made up is coming from the field. Questionnaires have been sent out to designated men and women representing the work throughout all the field. The askings are sifted down to meet the judgment =–__________–=….:;.'::;"" of the Missions and of the par- ticular Board that makes up the budget of what is needed.

'l'ake the untouched areas of the world. Start with North Africa and except for a little fringe of coast towns the major part of North Africa, only a few hundred miles away from the land where Jesus Himself lived and died, 2,000 years after He came, is practically without men and women conveying His mes- sage. The central part of Africa r eveals a situation so chaotic that there is practically no man in the world able to give an accurate estimate even of the population, FACTS DISCOVERED BY THE SURVEY nor an accurate description of some of the regions in which there live tens of thousands, perhaps some millions of men, to whom the same thing has been denied.

Turn to the continent of Asia, sta'rt near the western border of China and we cross great areas of Central and Western Asia with approximately 50,000,000 people, who are practically without even the first mes sage of the Gospel of .Jesus Christ.

In China, seven missionaries have recently made a journey across an area so great that they were nearly twenty-five days in progress, and found absolutely nothing being done to evangelize the people.

Take one example. One of the Provinces of China, first to open to missionary work within thirty miles of a big city, has a mission station where one of the strongest American Boards has been at work for sixty years, and yet so absolutely inadequate have been the 'resources of that Board for the work that in an area with a population of 210,000 people there are today only three Chinese flv/Ulgelists at work.

In all, there are at least 125,000,000 men and women living in

SURVEYING THE FOREIGN FIELDS

TH.E;Y KNOW WHOM TH.E;Y WORSHIP-A KOR.E;AN CHRISTIAN CONGR.E;GATION totally unoccupied mission fields of the world, to say nothing of areas which we regard as occupied so far as the map is concerned, and yet which have in their boundaries thousands of people who know nothing of .Tesus Christ.

Questionnaries have been sent to every missionary in the field and one thing that these have brought out is that this unrest that is manifest in America and Europe prevails through all Asia and nearly all parts of Africa, until men everywhere are feeling that the foundation of things seems to be slipping. The censored press dispatches from Japan do not allow us to realize the struggle that is taking place there. History may well say that the end of the struggle in Europe against militarism has marked the beginning of the struggle in the Asiatic Continent. There is the beginning of a democratic movement in Japan and at this time, when the better element of the Japanese people is realizing that Japan is in danger of launching herself on a road that has been tried and found worthless in the heart of Europe, they need help. The survey of Japan will also show that the great rural masses, the heart and probably the salvation of Japan, has been neglected.

There are 800,000,000 people in India and East Asia, and in the last five years the number of missionaries we have sent, the current appropriations which we have supplied, the buildings and equipment have practically stood still. In the mean time India has

Is LvangelUed Ja.panli', 1 1!_ added 30,000,000 people to the population and by 1950 the popu- lation of that region conserva- tively estimated as to increase will be 1,100,000,000.

In Brazil there are 22,000,000 people in areas where there is 110t a single Protestant mission- • Untouched-30.27S.000 ary and the force of native Bra- zilians to do the work is so in- adequate that there is no hope of reaching these people, at the present rate of progress, for generations. Is it too much to ask for one Christian university in BraziH Cooperation is invaluable if we are to overtake this task.

In Hankow, China, we have seen that the Christian forces when united, even though weak, are capable of exerting an immense influence on public opinion. After the revolution the Chinese took the old Manchu camp and decided to make it a model city. They laid out broad streets and then began to erect a commodious group of houses which was to be the red light district. Hankow had been a city for a thousand years and there had been no such public recognition, nor legalization of vice. The movem ent had back of it a large investment of capital; it had back of it the Government fo·rces, and unfortunately it had back of it the very shining example of the model city of Shanghai with its foreign government. Yet when the united Christian forces of Hankow appealed to the great guilds of the city, appealed through the newspapers to the public opinion of the city, and then ap- pealed to the Government-in TOTAL POPlJl.ATlON spite of the fact that the contract INDLCEYWNANDAFG/IM'ISJ'AN for the buildings had been signed • $T~rlJ""IU'

[ACII DOT ' • 100000 pte,…[ -the Governor of that province wiped the whole thing out of exis- tence and saved the city of Han- kow from that shame and dis- grace. To accomplish that in Asia the churches had to co- operate.

T}le . Foreign Division Sur- .vey of the Interchurch World

19201 SURVEYING THE F'OREtGN' FIELDS

THE HARVEST AFTER THE SOWING-BAPTISMS IN INDIA Movement is making such a survey of all foreign mission fields as will enable it, in cooperation with the missionary agencies of the United States, to determine the obligations of those American agencies and to formulate a five yeaTs' program of advance, which may be budgeted in terms of men and money.

It is of course impossible to make a complete survey in time to render all the f'acts available in the coming financial campaign. but the survey is being conducted with such thoroughness as to insure the securing of data which will be a trustworthy basis fO'l' subsequent surveys. To insure the wisest expenditure of the money made available it will be necessary to furnish the cooperating agencies with the fullest information possible rega'l'ding the fields. In view of this fa.ct the Foreign Division proposes to continue the process of survey with all rapidity consistent with thoroughness, completing the surveys as far as possible in the Autumn of 1920, and to furnish the cooperating agencies entrusted with the expenditure of the funds information as it is received.

MAP OF TBE UNITED

TION PER SQUARE MILE, BY STATES: 191 POPULATION II[A SOUAR[ to! L[ . _ to . . . , 0–"' ~.. ,.4S CJ]ZMI ~U""

~.", Surveying the Field at Home BY REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, NEW YORK Director of the Home Survey Department of the Interchurch World Movement WHAT is this community in which you live1 HAT forces have made the community as it is~ i HAT kinds of people live in it ~ What are their relations to you and me in every day life ~ Why was the Church planted l1ere-and has it realized its pur- poseT Is it a vital factor in determining community ideals? Do the Christian spirit and purpose prevail among the people because this Church is in the community'

The Interchurch World Movement is seeking to answer these and similar questions for the denominations concerned, by means of its American Survey Department, which deal respectively with Home Missions, Education, Religious Education, Hospitals and Homes, Ministerial Support and Relief.

In making the finst approach to a c;ity to make a survey of its poplllation, community life, and the growth and present strength of its churches, prejudice against surveys often rises to block the way, for previous surveys may have exposed the seamy side of the community to the world.

But the Interchurch World Movement ',surveys are distinguished ill method from those usually taken either for academic or ex- ploitation purposes. The churches in the community are to survey themselves. Whatever share evangelical church people may have in the salvation of America will come first of all through self- 190

192()] SURVEYING 1'HE FlELD A'!' HOME

WHERE THE MINISTERS UVE AND _ _ _ .~ j WHERETHEYPREACH 1r-'– iL._._._._ LEGEND r.r-·J—-r—· 1I .. Residence of Minister I – Circuit Unes r-.ir·J"l.- -j _ _.-1. CJ Churches .J • •_J ,……J .J COUNTY N!! 348 A SURVEY SHOWING THE WASTE OF EFFORT INVOLVED IN SEVERAL MINISTERS TRAVELING FROM FIVE TO THIRTY MILES TO PREACH IN NEIGHBORING CHURCH1;S, WHEN ONE MIGHT S1;RV1; THE COMMUNITY examination. To be of value in making a program for the churches, all questions must be answered by the people themselves. Present surveys will do more than gather the facts; they aim to open the minds of the people and stir them to action.

This Home Missions survey will first of all discover the unchurched areas and groups and the unchristian factors in the social life of the United States, Alaska, Hawaii and the West Indies. It will also aid the churches to estimate their own material and spiritual resources and to discover ways and means to develop these to their highest fruitfulness, in order that the Church may shoulder its share of service. Some communities have more churches than they have laymen and ministers to support them, while other districts have no churches at all.

A survey in a southern state shows a cotton mill town where there are 2,000 inhabitants with eight religious organizations, six of which are Protestant. In the same county there is a whole

township six miles square without religious services of any kind and three townships without one resident pastor. The largest denomination in the county has only four pastors serving churches in the communities where they live. Another survey of a mountainous district, where there are five thousand inhabitants, shows a hundred and thirty-five churches, while at the other end of the. state, is a county with approximately the same number of people where there are but one or two nominal churches and no resident ministers.

To serve the community adequately and to be most economical and efficient, the Church as a whole must guard against this unequal distribution of her forces. The Interchurch World Movement hopes to stimulate a feeling of common purpose and destiny among the churches by means of a common understanding of common tasks, and by helping the churches of a given community to plan their programs together. In addition to discovering a more scientific method for the distribution of churches and for determining their programs, the Home Mi1ssion Survey will make possible an adequate program in terms of money, lea.ders and policies.

The surveys will involve a study of the needs of a city as a whole, those needs which cannot be met by anyone church or gl'OUp of churches. By mapping those sections of the larger cities that have a life more or less in common, and where the churches are face to face with similar problems, we shall discover the comtnon service to be rendered by the churches. Problems of housing, health, recreation and delinquency, as well as spiritual leadership, are being studied in relation to the churches.

For the first time an attempt will be made to measure the influence of each local church for the moral and spiritual welfare of the community. The growth and present strength of the church will be appraised, the efficiency of its organization, its property, equipment and staff, as well as its service to the comItmnity. After all the local and community factors have been taken into account, the needs of each church for property, equipment and staff, over a period of five yeans, will be set down. The needs of churches that should be classified as Home Mission projects will be admitted to the budget of the Interchurch World Movement.

A population census will also be taken, both for immediate use by the churches of the city and to discover tendencies toward changes in population which may effect the programs of the churches. A like procedure will be followed in the Rural Sections.

Special questionnaires have been provided for negro churches and communities, others for distinctly immigrant communities, small mining and other rural industrial communities, for Spanish- Americans, for Orientals and for American Indians. Special studies are being made of exceptional groups, such as lumberjacks,

SURVJ.l;YING THE FIELD AT HOME

migratory harvest workers, and laborers in the small fruit industry . and canning factories.

As' the churches are questioning themselves, other institution.

are also being urged to self examination. A study will be made, in cooperation with the American Educational Institutions Division, of the schools among the Mountaineers, Negroes, Indians, Mexicans in the United States, together with schools in Alaska, Hawaii CO~ETEL:JOQOD and the West Indies. .COMBINE~rDntnOOD L.JU 1tJ'uI In each rural county a county GQDDJJfTo:JO8DD OnQlw.–~-1D0 supervisor and a county survey L:l W L…–J BS88 D0mU U 00 ' ~~-;;;;;;;; council are aJPpointed to pass , L—-1cow: upon the findings. This council is made up of representative minis- ters and laymen of all the cooperating denominations in the county. Usually, the supervisor is one of the younger trained rural minister wliose church is willing to release him temporarily for this service.

A map of the county is made on which is shown the location and denomination of every church. The circuit systems, the resi- dences of the pastors, and the boundaries of each parish are also indicated. This map showls at once all the normal community centers and the unevangelized areas. The supervisor then proceeds to visit each community and each local church and the questionnaires are filled out.

After all information from the county is gathered, the council invites representatives from all the rural churches to receive the tabulated results of the survey. At this meeting the condition of all the churches in all the communities is discussed, and the un- churched areas and groups are allotted by formal action. The needs of each situation are taken up and debated and recommendations are made fOT a five year program. No recommendation is accepted without unanimous_ agreement.

Heretofore, the location of churches and the determining of their programs have been decided from the denominational angle, with little or no regard for the plans and activities of any other church.

The Church could not be true to her mission of interpreting Christian ideals to social and community life without trying to understand all the sore spots and points of social strain, the very process of which sets at naught the Gospel of Good Will which the Church proclaims.

Because of the human factors in the industrial situation, and b~cause industry so fundamentally affects the life of the people, it is necessary for the Church to understand all the condition that surround industry and to point out the moral and spiritual factors in these conditions. In all social and industrial organizations of the people there emerges sooner or later the question: What is right? Certainly, any condition of affairs that breeds hatred, strife and violence, any situation where cooperation does not prevail, violates the social order in which men should live in relation to God as sons and to each other a~s brothers.

It is for these reasons that the Industrial Relations Department of the Interchurch World Movement has undertaken to point out the moral principles involved in all industrial relations and to suggest some methods applicable t~ the present sitna,tion. No attempt is made to deal ~deqnately with either specific or general industrial problems,hut rather to indicate the Christian basis upon which these problems can be solved.

It is of the greatest importance that those who are to exercise moral judgment on the premises should know what the exact facts are in order that they may interpret the situation fairly to both parties concerned.

The conduct of our industries is a matter of increasingly intimate concern to every member of tbe community. Our clothes, our food, our fuel are made for us outside our homes. Heretofore, we have allowed the employers and employees to do work for us without remembering our responsibility for the conditions under which our necessary commodities are produced.

Industrial surveys are, therefore, of the very greatest importance as a means of informing the public of the way in which our basic industries are organized to produce the things that we need in our daily home life. The object of these surveys is not to develop propaganda for any solution of the labor or industrial problem, ana not to take sides with employers against labor, or with labor against the employers, but to get at the truth of the situation for an intelligent exercise of judgment with Tespect to the basic moral issuesl involved.

More and more we are discovering ,that all the Christian churches are engaged in a common task-a work of such magnitude and of such complexity that no one church, denomination or institution can conceive of making any impression single-handed. The real needs a:re only discovered in relation to common tasks and can be fully met only by cooperative effort.

AMERICA'S GREATEST

THE SPIRITUAL NECiLECT OF CHILDHOOD American Religious EducatIon Survey BY PROFESSOR WALTER S. ATHEARN, BOSTON, MASS.

·THead of the Religious Education and Social Servicli!, Boston University HE A.MERICAN Religious Euucational Division is surveying religious education in the home, the local church and the community. It seeks accurate knowledge of the religious education in these fields for the country as a whole, for each state and each denomination. The purpose of the survey is to secure a definite body or facts, upon which to base a program of religious education which may be budgeted in terms of men and money, and -with which to persuade the people of the country of the wisdom of such a program. It will establish standards and norms as a basis for measuring religious educational methods, processes and institutions. It hopes to lay the foundation for a uniform system of statistics and measurements in the field of mdral and religious education that will establish scientific methods of approach to school problems for the guidance of local leaders in the building of programs and bUdgets. Finally, the survey will interpret the data secured in terms of the standards adopted and present results.

Thus far the survey has revealed some very interesting and· very startling things. We find four definite tendencies in the field of secular education: First, a tendency toward emphasizing physical education. The curricula of public schools is being rapidly modified in the direction of introducing compulsory physical training.

m

Second, there is a re-emphasis of vocational and industrial educa- tion. We are pl'eparing our people for an industrial conquest of the world.

The third and most significant change is a tendency toward socializing the curriculum. Old courses of study were built around the physical sciences. We are now to build courses of study around the social sciences. We have taught about the stars in the heavens, about the C'rust of the earth-but we have not taught the youth sufficiently about the pe.ople whom they meet. The very kernel of the course of study in the public schools in the future will be sociology, ethics, economies and human relationships. This will necessitate a laboratory, and that laboratory will be the American community. The motto already adopted by the National Board of Education is: "Every community a little democracy; and every schoolhouse the capital of the democracy." If that time comes the Boy Scouts, the Campfire Girls movements, and other similar social movements will be taken over by the public school. The secular state will be undertaking to determine the basis of conduct and the basis of social solidarity of our people on the basis of a theory . of society which has been adopted by the public school teache'l's and officers, and which may leave Christianity out of account.

There is, in the fourth place, a tendency toward building a great national program of education. The Smith-Towner Bill, which is being so vigorously fought by the Roman Catholic Church, is a bill which rep/resents the ideals of our A.merican people for a great national program of education and which will guarantee to every child an adequate training regardless of whether he is born in one of the wealthy centers or in one of the neglected spots of our country. It is carrying the missionary spirit over into public education, and it is providing for a great national Board of Education with a Secretary of Education in the Cabinet.

This survey has brought together the largest number of American educators that ever collaborated on a single educational problem. Over twelve hundred people had a part in building a single score card. Educational experts, architects, musicians, dramatic critics, Biblical scholars, denominational and interdenominational specialists have been organized into working units for a really sufficient judgment of the facts which we find in the home, the church and the community.

The records Of pupils are studied to discover the number receiving no religious instruction, their training and age. We want to know the relation of public school attendance to church school 11 ttendance, the number of hours spent in public school in a year as compared with the number of hours given to religious training.

<tm4e tfl.bles will show the 4istriblltion pf st1l4ents ~HI ther go

AMERICAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION SURVEY

through. school, and progress H9URS OF RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION tables will show why thousands PROvtOEO A~~LY· of pupils drop out of Sundayschools and public schools at BY PROTESTANT. JEWISH AND seven, eight, nine and ten years CATHOLIC CHURCHES of age.

The Religious Education survey will inclu4e bnildings and equipment, individual accounting, curricula, teachers' and officers' _ JEWISH superVISIOn, finance, religious 'ft~EKDAY SCHOOLS education in the home and relig- 260 HOURS ious education in the community. "If' -0£ ".nSTAI., ~CN IIlIST mfllEILME It will cover the field of vacation • FOR .ElImous IISTRucnaN and week day schools of religion, teacher training, young people '8 societies, community music, art STARTI,ING FACTS AS RI;;Y:F;AI,:F;D BY THE and pageantry. The survey will SURV:F;Y also include a study of special groups and special fields.

A few of the questions which the survey will answer are: How does the educational program of the Protestant churches compare with that of Catholic or Jewish churches? What is the preparation of the average Sunday-school teacher? What is his or her age and influence on the class? How many pupils join the church arinually? What is the average age of conversion? Are the Sunday-schools really giving their pupils Biblical information?

How far does this information influence conduct? Is church-going the result of physical habit, or has it been raised to the level of an ideal?

Through hundreds of questions of this nature, which we shall ask hundreds of thousands of churches and schools~ we hope to a'rrive at a system of education which will offer to every American child the possibility of the religious heritage of the race. This should enable us to spiritualize our national ideals and to preserve our democratic institutions. Now, if the Church waits until American boys and girls have finished high school before they undertake to Christianize them, the Church will fail, because the conduct of American people will be determined on the basis of the common knowledge, and ideals that are given to the children during these formative periods. Unless the Church supplies a Christian interpretation of these facts and ideals, the citizens of the future will not determine their conduct according to Christian ideals.

Education in

BY THE REV. JAMES E. CLARK I F THE Church of Christ is even to begin to do the things which ought to be done in the woTld we must have an adequate force . of men and women as Christian workers. Consequently, the educational survey is not a non-essential and extraneous thing. It is a necessary part of the program of the Church.

One of the essential things is to find out the resources of the Church in men and women; to discover what institutions we have for training these men and women; and whether or not those institutions are sufficient in number and adequately equipped.

The American Education Survey covers four sections. The first deals with the church colleges; the second with public institutions, that is, the state univeTsities, special schools, technical schools, normal schools, etc.; third, with the secondary schools; and the fourth with the theological seminaries.

While the Educational Survey is by no means complete there are certain outstanding facts w mcll are borne out by the results of the survey so far as it has been conducted.

The first is that about 90% of all the ministers and missionaries of the Ohristian churches come from our church schools and colleges. About 70% of them decide upon their life work while in the preparatory schools under the influence of the churches.

The temptations in this land are so powerful that unless we surround the boys and girls preparing for their life wO'rk with all of the finest Christian influences and ideals there is grave danger that few of them will go into Christian service. If we a're to have men and women for the conquest of the world for Jesus Christ we must not only maintain, but we must increase the number of Christian institutions, and must enlarge their facilities.

Second, we need numerous colleges, conveniently located, and of high standards. If you study the answers to questions asked as to why the students attended certain colleges, you will discover that the reason given above all others is that the college was "near home." The next reason given is that the college selected had high educational standards. The churches must provide a sufficient number of conveniently located institutions with standards as high as any othe1rs in the land if we are to win and hold and train our young people for the service of Jesus Christ.

We need also to bear in mind that endowments must increase two or three times as rapidly as the number of students attending college increases, because a college student pays approximately 1. only one-third of the cost of his education. Consequently, every time you get a new student you RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN have to provide two-thirds of the cost of his training to the insti- UNDER 25 YEARS Of AGE I.JN THE UNITED STATES tution in some other way.

Another fact we have to face is the enormous increase in the number of students attending state universities. Just a concrete illustration-75% of the students of the Disciples connection attend State universities and 10% attend church colleges. Out of the 10% attending church colleges come THE AMERICA OF TOMORROW 80% of the ministers of that JEW OR GENTILE? CATHOLIC OR PROTESTANT't denomination. What is to be ATHEISTIC OR ",,,.,OU", done about the 75% in the state lII>":t'~~MIM OTHJ!;R FACTS SHOWN BY THI;; SURVEYS institutions' If we are not to leave them absolutely neglected from a religious point of view a part of the task of the Church is to bring to bear upon them the influences which will turn them toward the devotion of life to Christian. ideals.

Now, in preparing our tentative budget we have not taken the askings of the colleges as they come but representatives of Church Boards, in the Council of Church Boards of Education, have decided upon a norm by which they can test the askings of the colleges. That norm is the minimum of the efficient college, ,according to a plan adopted two or three years ago by the Asso- ciation of American Colleges. Take as an illustration a Presby- terian college which asked for $1,320,000. We reduced the askings to $788,000 to fit what we believed to be the actual present needs of the case.

There is one thing that the Church must learn, and that is that the central factor in all education is the education of the will; that the thing we are after is first of all to develop a Chris- tian life. We must do something more than give mere knowledge and skill; we must bring men up to the point where they are ready to take all they have and devote it absolutely to the building of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ. The outstanding demand of the new day is for men and women with the devotion of high culture added to the things for which our Master came into the world and gave His life. We do not want training for our men and wQmen which is merely a training of the head or the hands, and which leaves the heart untouched-not the kind of education which under- takes m~rely the development of knowledge and skill and efficiency.

If we are to get heroic men, we must give them not only sound bodies, not only trained minds, but we must develop spirits which are devoted to the purpose of Jesus Christ.

Ministerial

BY DR. JOSEPH B. HINGELEY, NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Conference Claimants of the Y. E. Church MINISTERIAL SALARIES T HE AVERAGE lavrnen is paying for the support of PER CAPITA GIVING the ministers less than a cent a week in excess of what his INCREASED WAGES father paid. In its final form this survey will show the size of the Ail» LIVING EXPENSES budget which will be required to meet the reasonable claims for the …. . . % … 1017 "19IS- 1919 adequate support of retired min- isters, widows and orphans. No I cause makes a stronger appeal to the laity. The remarkable increase V in the sum given for this purpose by the Protestant Episcopal '0 / Church, which organized for $5,~ 000,000 for the Church Pension , II Fund, and received in excess of $8,000,000; and the equally re- 6. markable advance made in the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Ii '7 which the amount of the annual distribution was increased from it $610,000 in 1908 to $1,397,000 in 1918, were due in the largest JW measure to the securing of exact information upon which the pro- 40 gram for the campaign was based.

30 [71 .P It is the intention of the Minis- terial Support and Relief Divi- I); ~~ VI ~ sion to place before the American public an exact statement of the : aI e— present provisions and of the 3i amount required to enable the ~'!l..~.S~ ~_~r.!!~ _._.00. Christian Church to fulfill its 10 [7/[7 ~~.~t~!~[~ sacred obligations to retired min- isters. <~ k – ~ mlsteml~SUPPor1 Already the survey has brought / a number of startling facts to light which bear on this matter of ministerial support.

Hospitals and

BY REV. FRANK C. ENGLISH, CLEVELAND, OHIO President of the American Protestant Hospital Association C HRISTIAN hospitals, homes for children, homes for the aged, and homes for retired ministers present a largely neglected field. No denomination has a National board of hospitals and homes. Few of these institutions have been named in the list of church institutions. Months of researeh are required to make such a list. No great national campaign has ever been put on by any church for hospitals and homes.

The first objective of the Hospitals and Homes Division of the Interchurch Survey Department is to compile a complete list of these institutions; and the second objective is to discover and tabulate their needs. Questionnaires are being sent by mail, and these are fol- lowed by trained men who make personal inspection and tabulate the needs. A consulting committee of institutional experts from var- ious denominations assists in making estimates of needs, and will make recommendations looking to a higher degree of efficiency and usefulness in these institutions.

The third objective is to go over the askingsand estimate the needs for the Interchurch financial campaign. There are possibly fifteen hundred Protestant church hospitals in the United· States, yet it is estimated that for lack of room they turn away from four to five thousand suffering sick daily. One hospital with one hun- dred beds reports that it is obliged to refuse on an average seven- teen applicants each day.

One home in the central West had five hundred destitute chil- dren knocking at its door last year. Only to forty-five could the door be opened. That means that the Church refused a home to four hundred and fifty-five orphans in this one district.

Although a few hundred dollars a year would provide an aged minister with a living, many go down to their last days without a home. Homes for retired missionaries, and for the children of mis- sionaries, are another great need. Such institutions as we .now have are strained to their utmost, and their needs cry out for en- larged buildings, for multiplied resources to care for the crO'wds whom they must turn away. .

It is estimated that the Protestant chutch hospitals last year .

gave away ten million dollars in services to needy patients. Through the Interchurch World Movement the evangelical churches of Amer- ica will know for the first time, not only the extent of work done by these institutions, but also the extent of their needs. Then by adequate estimates and askings, provision can be made through the financial campaign for their upkeep and necessary enlargement.

201 BY WILLIAM E. DOUGHTY, NEW YORK Director of the Spiritual Resources Department of the International World Movement T HE INTERCHURCH WorId Movement was born out of a great spiritual crisis. From the beginning there has been an unshaken conviction on the part of the leaders that the Movement was of God, a conviction that has deepened and has come to be shared by increasing numbers of people. Dr. Hubert C. Herring said at one of the general committee meetings: "He're on the hither side of these years of agony Christ stands with us and bids us go forward to a new and greater thing." It was inevitable therefore that plans should be made for undergirding the Movement with spiritual motives and power. The Movement cannot succeed without prayer. It cannot go forward without the presence and power of God. An obedient and willing Church learning the secrets of prayer and mastered by an unshaken faith will bring success.

The Spiritual Resources Department was organized to give direction to these phases of the campaign, but with the understanding that since the Movement as a whole is spiritual this emphasis is to permeate all departments and activities. Every officer and wO'rker on the staff is expected to be an interpreter and incarnation of the spiritual message. Some of the objectives of the department are: To emphasize the fact that the Interchurch World Movement as a whole is essentially spiritual.

To lift into prominence, in all the policies and activities of the Movement, the spiritual motives and power for which it stands.

To assist in winning men to Christ and His Church. To undergird the Movement with prayer. To cooperate with Forward Movements within the different communions in deepening the spiritual life of the churches. To discover, create and circulate literature on prayer and other devotional topics. To enlist a multitude of individual Christians to pray daily for the triumph of the Kingdom of God. To assist in coordinating appeals and programs for prayer in relation to special movements, seasons and events.

PUNS FOR RELEASING PRAYER POWER 1. Spiritual emphasis. ..A field campaign of great magnitude and scope is being carried through this season. Plans have been laid for the largest possible spiritual emphasis. Careful attention – is being given to preparation for the devotional periods. Time is set aside for intercession. There will be addresses on prayeT and kindred themes and much discussion of the principles upon which the release of power depends and of methods of deepening the spiritual life of the churches. The following is the devotional outline used at the beginning of the first series of state conf~rences.

THE ABIDING PRli;SENCE Jesus Himself drew near and went with them. Luke 24 :15. If Thy presence ~o not with me, carry us not up hence. Exodus 33 :15.

Only be strong and very courageous, to observe to do according to all the law * * * turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest have good success whithersoever thou goeit. For Jehovah They God is with thee. Joshua 1: 7, 9.

Who bhraosutghthtotuheheerhei?the*r? And what doest thou in this place? what And they said. unto him, Ask * * And council, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous. And the priest said unto them, "Go in Peace; before Jehovah is your way wherein ye go." Judges 18: 3, 5,6, .

Let us pray: That the spirit of God may pervade all the seS- sions of the conference, and that He may have unhindered access to every life.

That all who are in attendance may face the issues of the conference with unshrinking courage, true faith, and unwitholding obedience to the will of God.

A PRAY!tR OF CONSECRA'tION "Eternal, Holy, Almighty God, whose name is Love; we are met in solemn company to seek Thy face, and in spirit and truth to worship Thy name. We come in deep humility, since Thou art so high and exalted, and because Thou beholdest the proud afar off. We come in tender penitence, for the contrite heart is Thy only dwelling. We come in the name and spirit of Jesus to make our wills one with Thine: to abandon our lonely and selfish walk for solemn communion with Thee, to put an end to sin by welcoming to our hearts Thy Holy Presence …. Amen.

2. The enrolment of intercessors. (1) A confidential list of persons specially interested in the Movement is being built up. To this group of friends special requests for prayer are being sent as needs and emergencies arise. This is one of the means by which the hidden resources of power are being released.

(2) Plans are under way to enroll and train multitudes of intercessors in individual churches. Many of the forward movements in the different communions have departments or secretaries set aside for the cultivation of the spiritual life of the churches.

3. Building the home altars. New emphasis and trignifioonce is being given to the place and power of family worship as one

of the great means of the religious education of the family. Literature on the subject and helps for family worship are being prepared and issued. The enthronement of Ch>rist in the home life of America presents a challenging call to all the fonowers of Christ.

4. Special prayer seasons. Programs for Watch Night and Week of Prayer have been given special attention. _Advantage has also been taken of certain other dates for prayer, such as the United Day of Prayer of the Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Societies February 20th, and the Day of Prayer for Students, February 29th, when the plans were carried through designed to help release the prayer powe'r of the Church in connection with the call for workers and the life work program.

5. The financial campaign. Plans are under way to call out the prayer power of the churches in connection with the financial campaign. Organized and underwritten by spiritual motives and power a financial campaign has wonderful possibilities of spiritual blessing to the Church.

6. Publicity. 'rhrough the Publicity Department a Thanksgiving Prayer was published in five hundred papers in the United States alone, and a Watch Night Prayer was circulated around the world. Other materials of this character will be sent to the public press on special occasions. Articles on the spiritual message of the Movement will also be circulated through the press.

7. Literature. Pamphlets and books on prayer and kindred subjects are being published in large quantities and will be circulated widely. Charts and mottoes will set forth the spiritual message, and a stereopticon lecture on the prayer life of the world is being prepared for the use of' pastors.

8. Evangelistic Campaign. The evangelistic campaign now in progress will culminate in a great spiritual ingathering in the churches on Easter Sunday. The forward movements of the different cOIIIDlunions, the evangelistic commissions of the churches and of the Federal Council and other agencies are cooperating to cany the message of the Christian faith to all in the United States for whom the evangelical churches are spiritually responsible.

There never has been a genuine spiritual movement without much prayer, and every possible effort is being made to lay with fresh power the burden of responsibility for intercession for a revival and fo'r the building up of the Kingdom of Christ upon the whole Church, The're is earnest hope that Easter Sunday of 1920 will witness the greatest ingathering into the churches which the country has ever seen.

"There can be no forward movement except as it is attained through a deepening of the spiritual life of the leaders of the Church and a real spiritual revival among the membeTs."

and Training

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, NEW YORK Secretary of the Stewardship Department, New Era Movement O UR LORD'S teachings concerning stewardship-like Himself -4ave too often been despised and rejected of men. He came into a social order where the rich ground the face of the poor, where the strong oppressed the weak, where the philosophy prevailed that might makes right.

Fearlessly J esUls took His stand against the leaders of this world, daring to declare the unheard of doctrine of stewardship- That life does not consist of "things" and is not to be assayed according to the amount of a man's possessions.

That the Father in Heaven knows what things His children need and if they cooperate with Him He will supply every legitimate want, so that they need have no anxiety.

That "things," whether in the earth and its products or made fluid in money, are of value only as they are related to God's Kingdom of Righteous- ness, Peace and Joy among men.

That the Son of God is the Author and, hence, the Owner of all-both things and men.

That He takes men into partnership with Himself for the administering of His vast estate-the earth with all that it contains-in the interest of the whole human family.

That, in His own personal absence for the time, our Lord makes each individual the Middle Partner-a steward of the First Partner's part in the interest of the Third Partner-Humanity. ..

That, having the food and other supplies necessary for their best service, men should be content and should use their possessions for the good of others.

That, of the three compartments of income, Giving should be put "first,"

and should regulate Spending and Saving, and also one's acquiring.

That, only as a man learns to give, can he become like God.

That wealth, if made an end instead of a means of benefiting others, will become a source of corruption; if its debt to Society be not honored, it will be collected sooner or later at ruinous interest.

As our MasteT thus ran counter ·to the wisdom of this world, even the religious leaders of His day, "who were lovers of money, heard all these thing1S, and they scoffed at him." (Luke 16 :14.) The followers of Christ at first adopted His attitude toward property, and went to the utmost limit in applying His teaching. They even sold their possessions and goods and divided them among their fellow disciple.s "according as any man had need." They renounced the luxurious standards. of the pagan world, and lived the simple life in a way which distinguished them as a "peculiar people." The "Dark Ages" for the time obscured the teachings or Jesus, and it was not until the sixteenth century that the doctrine of J'ustification by Faith was recove'l'ed and not until th~ sevellteel1th was Sanctification through the Spirit again taught, ~s

But for the doctrine of Stewardship to be emphasized, the world has waited until the present time when the nations have been wracked by war and shaken to the very foundations. Now at last the Church has begun to awakne to its neglect of Christ's teachings concerning stewardship.

In the Autumn of 1917 a letter was issued by the Commttee for the Eevrey Member Plan of the Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. announcing in Presbyterian Churches-as indeed in some other universal in Presbyterian Churches-as indeed in some other branches of the Protestant Churches of North America-henceforth the Committee proposed to emphasize proportionate giving. Pastors were, therefore, requested to pl'omote the study of stewardship, as well as to preach on the subject, but it was discovered that there was, no adequate literature on stewardship.

In response to the demand for a text book one was prepared called "Money The Acid Test." The need was so great that 82,000 copies were distributed the first year, and the book was translated into seve'ral other languages. Other booms have also appeared, including a handbook entitled "The New Christian," by Ralph S. Cushman. Other material since made available includes a series of thirteen Bible lessons, entile.d "Christian Stewardship," four "Seven Minute Talks," covering Earning, Spending, Saving and Giving, and "Responsive Reading," containing hymns and Scripture passages suitable for Sunday-school or church services. A dialogue, called" Starting Right," presents the subject in a way to arrest the attention of young people. A set of seven Charts has also been prepared to visualize the high spots of this course of study. A" Stewardship Account Book," contains two forms for the use of those who wish to keep account with God in the matter of their giving.

The Giving Account DATU ITEMS SIIPARATED PORTION TO Glva GIVIIN – – .PORTION % Comparative Summary 1l0ln'll 011 YI!AI RECEIVED GIVEN % PERSONAl. % SUl!D '"

..

–

ENLISTING AND TRAINING

The next step after conviction has been obtained as to the Scriptural principles of stewardship is to secure action in the practical application of these principles. More thane one of the great denominations have appointed a church-wide "Stewarship Enrolment Day" using some form like the following: THE FELLOWSHIN OF STEWARDSHIP Principles 1. God is the owner of all. 2. Man is a steward and must account for all that he has. 3. God's ownership and man's stewardship are to be acknowl- – edged by devoting a definite proportion "-the first fruits- unto the service of God. 4. All the rest-what is spent and whit is saved-is to be treated as no less a sacred trust.

Enrolment Card Name I adopt these principles and will Address …………. '" ……….. . Date ………………………… . set apart a definite proportion ( …. %) of my income to administer for the Kingdom of God.

Many congregations have led the way, showing splendid results of a spiritual as well as of financial nature. The Woodward Avenue Church in Detroit held a Stewardship Institute, with a stereopticon travel lecture in connection with the presentation of Stewardship. The officers of the church were asked to sign the "Fellowship of Stewardship," before the matter was presented to the congregation. The Sunday-school is also being educated along stewardship lines.

A church of Grove City, Pennsylvania, has carried on simultaneously seven classes in stewardship, one for men, one in the Young People's Society, one for girls in the Westminster Guild and four in the Women's Missionary Society. On a recent Sunday the Men.'s class had sixty men studying the subject with keen interest. The class is led by business men, a different one each week. In this church, about 300 people have already become proportionate givers.

Today on the shores of every continent are rising the walls of a Christian world empire-a fragment, yet a model complete in itself of that great city, the Holy Jerursalem, which descends out of Heaven from God and where the nations of the Redeemed walk in the light of His glory. It must be the concern of all who bnild therein to lay deep and strong the foundations on which this vision of faith and hope can securely rest. Into those foundations mUlst go the solid work of education in the principles of the Word of God, including those of Christian Stewardship.

'fhe Stewardship of

BY J. LOVELL MURRAY, NEW YORK Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement STEWARDSHIP in religious parlance is usually applied to the trusteeship of wealth. A convincing case has been made by argument and from Scripture authority for the Christian con- ception of p'roperty, its ownership and its uses. But the term in generic. The strongest plea that can be made for a sense of the stewardship of money is on the larger basis of the stewardship of life. The whole is greater than its part. Our money is just so much of our life-a mobile, concrete, representative, readily trans- ferable part of our life. The set of the life determines the direction of its elements. Out of the heart are the issues of money and of all else. Where our treasure is there will our hearts be also; but the corollary is equally true,-where our hearts are there will our treasure go.

A hyphenated Christian is an abomination to the Lord. Divided allegiance is not provided for in His terms of discipleship. He asks us for the whole of life, even as He is giving to us His life without rpserve. "We are the Lord's," cried the great apostle, "whether we live or die." In those earliest years of the Church's effort and experience, with no momentum behind them, with resistance every- where stiffening a,gainst them, a religion that was real and that absorbed life in its enti'rety was necessary to the followers of Christianity. The Christian who tried to give part and keep part could not be a winning Christian. The tests·were terrifically severe and only the response of fully devoted lives could meet them.

Today likewise test~ the reality of OUT religion. The demands of the present are of a sort that will not be met by a partial devotion to Chr:iJstianity. How is the world to be led into a peace- ful and ordered life! Row are its wounds to be healed and its ways established in justice and righteousness and goodwill' And how is protection to be given to the recent investments of OUT living and of our dead ? Not by half Christians. Not by men and women who concede to their Lord a scant one…seventh of their time and one-tenth of their Income, fragments of their influence B;pd odd uses of their energy. "He must be L;ord of all, or He will not be Lord at all." Today, if ever, Christians must severely examine their discipleship to make very sure that they are not keeping back part of the price. "We,are the Lord's," or else we are not.

Il we are, we are bound to reckon our life, the whole of our life, as held in trusteeship. .

Particularly is this true in rega'rd to the specific use each follower of Christianity makes of his life. The world is calling alou$l for young men and women who will say, "Here Lord, is my life. I have laid it at Thy feet and at Thy word I invest it for Thee alone. I hav-e thrown away the little plan I had made fOT it; I have renounced selfish ambition as a guiding principle. Here it is, my one life, now Thine, entirely Thine. Lay on it the pierced hands of Thy mighty ordination and show me in what work I should use it and in what-place."

Only by lives thus surrendered can God reach out to touch (he broken, disheartened life of humanity and lift it into that Kingdom of His which is Tighteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. For the hands He would stretch out, what are they but the lives of men and women in all locations and vocations, whose discipleship is unbroken, undivided, and in particular the lives of servants of His who enter upon specialized careers of Christian usefulness to humanity? He needs great Teinforcements at once in the rankis of ministers, Christian Association Secretaries, social service workers and many allied callings, both at home and overseas.

A generation ago when the Student Volunteer Movement was born, the challenge of carrying the message of Christianity immediately to the whole of mankind was given to the Church. But the Church was not ·ready. Today, however, the Watchword of the Movement h8is been generally accepted in principle and in fact too, for the churches are girding themselves for a great advance abroad as well as at home. Forward programs are the order of the day. Unbelievable· sums of money are actually being gathered in for the expansion of the Kingdom of Christ. But the lives, the men and women from the colleges, universities and seminaries, will they be offered? The gauntlet is back at the feet of the Christian students of North AmeTica.

Now God is not so absorbed in the making of half a hinge that He neglects the other half. If He has prepared the field, will He not prepare the force to occupy itT He has opened the doors to the very heart of the non-Chr]stian nations of the world and brought mighty peoples simultaneously to a point of highly impressionable plasticity. Must it not be within His intention that a sufficient number of well qualified students to meet the opportunity shoul.d now enlist for His service ovenseas, complete their preparation and then hurry out to their assigned posts of service T "Go ye," He is saying now as always in His Church. "Go you," He is saying to one student and another and another, a great multitude of the finest of the college men and women of today. He wants the lives of doctors, nurses, ministers, teachers, farmers, printers, engineers, authors. He wants them by the thousands and He wants them at once. The churches are now voicing His call for two thousand workers for the mission fields.

"Go you and I will be with you." There is this wonderful thought in His summons, that only as one responds to it is one most sure and conscious of His presence. Here is a keen Christian medical student. He may not know it, but for centuries God has been prepa:ring for him a (special place of work in India and also an inheritance to qualify him for it. He has singled him out for college and then led him into the study of medicine. And now he has come to the point of deciding on the use he will make of his life. "The Master has need of it"-in India. If that is true, then in a special sense Christ is waiting for him in India and only in India can he fully find his Lord. The same ~s true, of course, of every Christian. There is a plan, including a place, for every life and in that pIan and place each one of us may experience a special fellowship with our Lord.

It is not alone for the men and women of the colleges and theological seminaries that the consciousness of life stewardship is so urgently necessary if the nations a:re to be redeemed by Christ. This ideal should be pressed upon the thought of boys and girls of hi.gh school age, not only because most students enter college with a fairly well determined notion of what they will do with their lives, but because many of these boys and girls who otherwise would not go to college will, if they hear and answer some great call to life service, decide to enter college in. order to prepare for it. It should be sounded out from pulpits in Iseason and out of season as the one basis of Christian discipleship. And, most important of all, it should be accepted everywhere by Christian parents. There is no obstacle more prevalent or serious in the way of devoted, talented young men and women offering their lives for foreign service than the unwillingness of many Christian parents to let their children go. Money they will give; but when the question is raised of a son or daughter going abroad to serve, then the grasp tightens, the heart hardens and the objection is rigidly set down. Today, quite as much as a sense of the stewardship of thei'r own lives on the part of young manhood and womanhood, there is needed a sense of the stewa:rdship of their children's lives on the part of Christian parents. They did not clo!se restraining hands in these past years on the lives of their sons when humanity's call came to their homes. Now, when the louder call of humanity is sounding and the voice of the King Himself is heard at their thresholds, surely they will say no word that will restrain such a response on the part of their sons and daughters in the colleges as will crowd the ranks of the Missionary Legion of the Christian Church.

So it must be in the whole sweep of Christian endeavor at home and abroad. The day is one of destiny and in every summons to Christian service there sounds a new note of urgency.

for Enlisting Life

J.. CAMPBELL WHITE. LL. D.• NEW YORK.

Director of the Life Service Department of the Interchurch World Movement M OST OF us are persuaded that the central and probably largest problem we have to face in the enlarging program of the Church is the question of an adequate supply of the right kind of leaders, properly prepared for theiT work. One of our home missionary secretaries said recently that the only reason why their estimates for funds are not much larger is not because the funds asked for are commensurate with the needs, but because the estimate has been made in the light of the known difficulty of securing adequate leadership.

The Methodist Episcopal Church estimates that they require 13,000 employed leaders within five years to carry out their program. If something like that is spread over all Protestant churches in the United States, it will mean at least 100,000 new Christian leaders in a similar period. And that does not take into account the fact that the program of our churches is rapidly being enlarged in its scope, taking in features of work that we have not included in the past. The recreational life of the youth should be taken hold of by representatives of the Church through trained Christian physical directors. There comes an insistent appeal for such directors from the mission fields as well from America. All of us who have had anything to do with college life know that the most influential man on the college campus is the coach. If the recreational and physical life of America and the mission fields were under the direction of men and women trained by the Church and inspired by Jesus Christ, it probably would be our largest point of contact with the youth of the world. – So the call for tTained leadership in every branch of the Church, at home and abroad, is upon us as never before.

How are we going to meet that need 1 Three lines of special cultivation are suggested. We expect to meet the minislters in a series of state conventions. We propose to ask all of them to make a careful search among their own graduates of recent years to see whether in these churches now there are not many men and women who have their collegiate preparation, and who with perhaps a further year of Bible study would be prepared to go into many of these lines of w~rk.

At the gTeat Student Volunteer Convention in Des Moines I met 191 men and women who have already pledged anywhere from a week to two months of cooperation in following that convention up by making the fundamental religious and life work appeal to stu- 211

dents allover the country. They are only a part of those who have promised such cooperation. We want to present the message of Christ to the student body of North America during the next few months, and to lay upon the whole student body their responsibility for constructive work in connection with the Church. This is the greatest opportunity of unselfish service that can possibly come to them through all their life, and a far larger proportion of them than in past years ought to give their whole lives to the callings now opening before them. In addition to sending in teams of from three to five persons to each college, we want a group of the alumni of each institution to help in the campaign.

Since the age of filrst impulse toward giving life to Christian service is not the college age, but the pre-college age and the greatest undeveloped territory in recruiting work is in these earlier ages, we propose to have in connection with 3,000 county conventions across this continent special meetings for young people of the high school age, involving all the young people's organizations of the clmrch and Sunday-school, gathering together all the young people of that age that it is possible to gather. We shall confront them with a presentation of the claims of Christ upon their lives, and the multiform opportunities now open for young people to p'repare for Christian work. We shall put in their minds the seed thought of the possibility of God wanting them to be in this great nrmy that is to help forward the victo'ry during these coming years.

Then, we plan to have one great field day on which we may concentrate in this appeal both to the parents and the young people. February 29 has been designated as a nation-wide life enlistment day. This date comes on the Lord's day only once in forty years so that it seems a very app'ropriate day on which to make this life enlistment appeal. That will be a great day for an appeal to parents to take their restraining hands off their children, so as not to hinder their going into any life work wheTe God is calling them. Parents must come into a new attitude of consecration to Christ and of surrender of their children.

On the evening of February 29th, we hope that in Young People's Societies, Sunday-schools and everywhere.the're will be an appeal to young life itself to find God's plan and to confoTm to that plan. "We aTe God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good wO'rks which God has already pTepared that we should walk in them." If the young people of the Church and their parents can be brought to believe that God has a plan for their lives and then will surrender to God's will, and earnestly seek to know His plan for them, both pa:rents and 'children will be led to spiritual levels of vision and surrender and consecration to which most of them have not come.

of Denominational

BY MISS ELSIE McCORMICK C OOPERATIVE evangelization and social service for peoples of every race has been made easier by several remarkable undertakings of single denominations. The Methodist Epis- copal Joint Centenary Movement, the. Tercentenary Movement of the Congregational Church, the Men and Millions Movement of the Disciples of Christ, the New Era Movement of the Presbyterian Church, the Victory Campaign of the Northern Baptists, and other similar f<Yrward movements are full of wonderful vision, hope, and achievement, and give encouragement to such a cooperative un- dertaking as that of the Interchurch World Movement.

The first of the great denominational movements in point of time sems to be that of the Disciples of Christ. A missionary in China was slowly recovering from typhoid fever. The long, weary weeks of convalescence gave him much time to think, and his thoughts in that yeaJr of 1912 were not very soothing companions. He saw, on one hand, a small group of evangelists, and on the other a long, dim, interminable file of suffering, needy people. It was a time when there was a shortage of men and money, so that retrenchment seemed wiser than expansion. When this missionary suggested $200,000 to be raised at once for increasing the work in China some of his fellow laborers thought he must still be delirious, but !liS a result of his prayers and efforts the Seeretary of the Board of Foreign Missions became interested and a movement was started which aroused the Church at home and extended to the whole mission field. A million dollars was raised by a team of missionaries who toured the United Statels. This success encouraged the laying out of the five-year program of the "Men and Millions Movement," with a financial goal of $6,300,000, more than half of which was to go to Christian colleges for the training of religious leaders.

Among the results of the drive were the lifting of the debt wbich burdened the Foreign Christian Missionary Society; the opening of new work in Paraguay on a scale large enough to command instant respect and pTompt results; the building of many new hospitals, with improved equipment for others; the raising of the debt on the denomination's colleges; a large increase in the number of scholarships, an addition of at least $100 a family to the missionaries' salaries on all fields; an in~re8ise in the monthly payments to ministers on pension, and a tendency to give larger sums t.o benevolences than ever before.

Movements of world scope have sprung up spontaneously in many other denominations. A few year>s ago the National Council IU

of the Congregational Ohurches decided to celebrate in a fitting way the three hundredth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims. Through this resolution the Tercentenary Movement was born, stressing as its objects the revival of the Pilgrim ideals in church and state, the gaining of 500,000 new members in a five-year period, the reaching of a $2,000,000 apportionment goal each year, and the raising of a Pilgrim Memorial Fund of $5,000,000 for pensioning aged ministers. Already among the results of the Movement, Dr. F. G. Fagley reports that 656 churches received a total of 11,317 new memberls last Easter Sunday, in compa!rison with 9,679 received in the whole proceeding year.

No movement has had greater success from a financial standpoint than the Joint Oentenary of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch and the MethodiJst Episcopal Ohurch, South. The original financial goal of the two bodies was $115,000,000, to be paid in five yearsa figure that was thought almost revolutionary in the circles of church finance. Later, the northern Methodists added $25,000,000 for war reconstruction, making the total $140,000,000. Last summer the Oentenary Movement had received pledgelS amounting to $167,- 000,000, and since then furtheT pledges have been added. Furthermore, approximately 600,000 people were enrolled in a great Fellowship of Intercession, 26,000 young men and women volunteered for Christian service in home and foreign fields, and 250,000 tithers pleged to give one tenth of their income to Ohristian work.

The Northern Baptist Victory Campaign was conducted entirely by laymen. Having its origin in an informal meeting of five church members, it iSoon grew to such proportions that its $6,000,000 goal was assured. It brought student pastors into nineteen universities, obtained $3,000,000 for educational endowment, helped the denomination secure a ten per cent. increase in the number of new members, and prodded no end of somnolent churches into action.

The New Era Movement. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. announced a $13,028,339 budget for lalst year, and is credited with the enrolment of twice as many new members last Easter as were received the previous year. About $11,000,000 has been pledged as a result of this campaign for benevolences "for one yea'I'.

The methods, employed by the large church movements are in moet instanoos similar and include Fellowships of Intercession, Departments of Life Service, and the use of Minute Men-laymen who explain the Movement by very brief addresses at chu'I'ch services. The Methodist Episcopal Ohurch stressed stewl1rdship to the extent of devoting four weeks in every church to enroll tithers.

With its path blazed and made clear by these many forerunners, and with men's minds prepared for the vision of the new daj, tHe Interchurch W orId Movement is entering npon its task with great hope of success.

mTEftARY.MOVfHfIII

MfTIIODISTfI'ISCOMlOlllOt ~sofAmounts Rcceivcd Fir*' The Methodist Centenary rNe~onthsAfterCioseof Campai;t I £,cAHoruonkiliMApnunls BY DR. S. EARL TAYLOR, NEW YORK OntHuntlrttlTAousamlAlltrst:.lt T IS DIFFICULT to express the feeling •• -…. of relief and gratitude that accompanies the discovery that after years of forced economy in missionary work, there is actually a large amount of money in the Mission Board ","000.000 treasury with which we can carry on the King's business on a more adequ:ate seale.

In the Methodist Mission, Chaplain McCabe, some years ago, launched a campaign with the slogan" A million dollars for Missions": after ten long years of labor, the Methodist Church increased its givings from $826,000 to $1,- 262,000 for foreign missions and there was . . . . .000 rejoicing all along the line.

Next came another great epoch when the "Open Door Emergency Fund" was created.

-…. There was a time when the great rich Metho- dist Episcopal Church retreated in every mis- sion field in the world-8% one year and 2% on top of that the next year. At that point it was thought best to appoint an Open Door Emergency Commission and to do something to stop the retreat. In the five years that followed the gifts to foreign missions increased to over two million dollars. That marked the — second great epoch. Then came the third epoch; that of the Lay- men's Missionary Movement, and in four years' time the gifts increased still further from $1,300,000 to $1,500,000.. But the glow 4*».- of satisfaction came in the recent Centenary Campaign when in about four months after we had completed the Campaign, we had in the treasury cash-not pledges-cash amounting to over $10,000,000 for missionary work.

Let us hope that all the Boards will have some time soon a similar experience; and let us be ready to move out to do what God is calling us to do-to undertake on a more ade- ~…… quate scale the great task to which His Ohurch …, …… nm ….. r •• is committed.

from Denominational

T HE denominational Forward Movements have, among other things, aimed to set a new standard of giving before Ameri- can Christians. The Interchurch World Movement of North America would combine and iucrease the effectiveness of these movements and would imprint the new standard indelibly on the soul 'Of the American churches.

.Just how revolutionary the creation of the Hew standard is 'Can only be realized by a survey of the surprising results of certain Forward Movements. When the average giving per member to benevolence~ is suddenly raised from eighty-nine cents to a pledge 'Of $6.18 a year, it is obvious that something more than a mere improvement in conditions has taken place. It is a change of kind and mot of degree. Dr. William B. Hollingshead, the statistician of the Interchurch Movement, recently characterized the contrast between the new standard of giving and the old in this striking manner: "Formerly 'We asked for what we thought the. Church would or could give, based on what the Church had given.

"Now, for the first time in our history, we ask on the basis of what the WM'ld needs.

"This is the most complete change in the attitude toward benevolences the church world has ever known. All former standards of giving are going to smash."

The setting up of the new standard has meant largely bringing the giving of the Church up to a level with the nation's prosperity.

Ministerial support practically stood still for many years and contributions to benevolences in the Methodist Episcopal Church shOlWed only small changes until the Centenary Movement came and then the contributions to benevolences suddenly shot upward to about seven times what it had been before. Another point-before the Methodist Centenary almost the whole bulk of the Church was giving less than three cents a week to benevolences. The Centenary Campaign raised the whole M.ethodist Church bodily from the lowest class to those with an average giving per member of two cents a day.

Those close to the Methodist Centenary declare that the spiritual life of the Church was raised to a new and higher plane, even to greater degree than in the matter of giving. The spiritual results are slower in revealing themselves in statistics, but they are deeper and more fundamental than other results. The close relation between the spiritual and the financial should be kept in mind. No man will give largely of his money to the cause, or promise to tithe his possessions for the Lord, unless his soul has been moved most mightily. A campaign for money without the proper emphasis on the things of the spirit would be a failure.

216 One Methodist Episcopal minister testified that his church started out with only one tither; and in the Centenary Campaign secured sixty-four out of a total membership of eighty-nine. What the churches have needed is a job big enough to make them sweat out the germs of partial paralysis, and, like the man sick of the palsy, take up their beds and walk.

A still more remarkable example is that of a church that for years had labored to meet current expenses and pay the regl!lar benevolences. They had fallen behind until they owed several hun- dred dollars to the local bank. When the new pastor began his min- istry, he sent stewardship literature to sixty-one families connected with the church, and then preached a series of stewardship ser- mons. The result was that more than twenty per cent of the entire membership became tithers, all the old indebtedness was paid, and the local church budget was doubled. But something still more won- derful happened. For months the pastor preached on the great program of world reconstruction. These messages stirred almost the entire membership, until one day one 'Of the members said to his wife, "Let us build a church in India and pay the teacher's salary in the language of the natives." Another parishioner said to his wife, "Let us build a church in India and pay the preacher's salary for the next five years." Another member .said to her husband, "Let us educate a boy and girl in India the next five years." An- other said, "Pastor, my wife and I have decided not only to tithe, but to educate a missionary for work in 'distant lands; also to edu- cate a slum worker in one of America's great cities."

Missionary giving became contagious all through that church membership, until it culminated in the church's sending the gospel to one hundred and ten villages in Africa, to twenty villages in India, supporting two native pastors in India, and furnishing a hospital ward with three beds in Korea. The local banker stood up in church . one Sunday morning and asked the question before a crowded church, . " Are we managing the Lord's business right'" Then he announced that he was going to be a tither, and he gave $500 to help support a missionary in South America. One day the pastor called on a rich ranch owner and asked for a gift. She and her family give $1,000 aud she pledged herself to tithing. Nearly every business man in the community resolved to tithe. The story of that church has been the means of inspiring churches in three great States, and has helped many another to go over the top.

Sometimes pastors are fearful of putting on a mission program because they think it might prevent the support of the local work, but the overwhelming testimony is to the effect that those churches which have adopted the new standard of giving for their benevo- lences at the same time have made their support of their own enter- prises more liberal.

and Enlisting the

BY REV. ABRAM E. CORY. D. D.

Director of the Field Department of the Interchurch World Movement T HE task of bringing the fac~s ~evealed in the s:urveys before all the churches and of enlIstmg the cooperatIon of all the church members is a gigantic undertaking. That is the task before the Field Department which works through the regular de- nominational organizations and does not propose to duplicate de- nominational machinery. We want to carry down the results of the surveys, the stewardship message, the life work message, the mes- sage of intercession and evangelism, the educational message, to the 'last man in the last church.

At present fifty-one state committees have been organized in forty-eight states. Northern and Southern California, Eastern and Western Washington, and some of the other states feel that for geographical reasons they must divide in theiT state o.rganizations. These state organizations are, as far as possible, denominationally representative. It was decided in conference with the denomina- tional forward movement leaders that the topical schedule for the next four months should be as follows: ,January, spiritual resources; February, stewardship; March, life work; and April, evangelism. The financial ingathering is to come from April 21 to May 2nd.

In order that these great objectives may be carried out the message must be sent out to the churches by literature and by conferences. The first series is to be one of pastors' conferences in the forty-eight states. At these pastors' conferences will be presented: the needs of the world as revealed by the surveys; the way to meet those needs in life and prayer and study and money; the organization necessary to carry out this great program.

Following the pastors' conferences it is proposed to go into the more than 3,000 counties of the United States and hold county mass meetings which will call together as many people as possible. Then going down from these will be township and community conferences. We must go beyond anything that has been thought or planned in the past in order that people may, in an intelligent way, gain an adequate conception of the need, the supplying of the need, and what it will take in life, in stewardship, jn intercession and in missionary education to carry out this total program for the Church of_Christ.

Later through the denominational organizations, we must go to the local church. How fully are the resources of the local churches being used today, and how fully have we mobilized thl' total resources of any single local congregation? .Fully fifty per cent of the power of any congregation is lying entirely unu,sedin the work of advancing the Kingdom of God.

218

1~M". . BE S_T'~M'_E"T"H"OUD__S"=-,,T,,M~

W i>'" """

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 WEST 18'1'H S'1'REE'l', NEW YORK CITY Working IDogt:tl}tr To be a loyal member of my own family and a helpful neighbor to other families; to be a loyal member of my own church and to help make my church a helpful neighbor to other churches-are two of the lessons we are learning to the profit of the community and the world. There are many among us who have been willing to live for our neighbors in a sacrificial, martyr-like way, who have never faced the greater obligation of lh~ng with our neighbors. There are many whose motto has been "For Others," whose lives might count for more if the motto read "With Others."

Let us learn to live and work with our neighbors.

EFFICIENCY THROUGH CooPERA· blanks to be filled on the admission TIVE HOSPITAD VISITATION of patients to the hospital. Infor- mation as to the church membership WHY should twenty-five pastors or church preference of patients was spend their time and energy in. thus· secured. One pastor was put calling at the same hospital on the in charge of hospital visitation each same days to study the register, t11:-. week. He examined the card index, ing to locate members of theIr visited all the members of Protestant churches and minister to them and to church~s who were in the hospital, others who may be in need? Why and read the Bible and had prayer should patients have a surfeit of with them· when possible. Then, by ministerial attention on some days mail or by telephone, he notified all and languish for a bit of cheer and the other pastors of members of their comfort for many days in between? churches who were in the hospital. Why should some patients be The pastor in charge meets special wearied by the calls of many min- calls and helps every other pastor to isters, while others lie on neglected give efficient service, both to those cots? who are church members and those who are not. The pastors of Lynn, Massachusetts, took counsel together to answer these questions and to work out A PULLMAN, CAR Th'TERCHl1RCH some plan whereby they could be SERVICE helpful, each to the other, and make Through the Royal Gorge the the service of· all the ministers more train had climbed. Every passenger thorough and effective. was solemnized by the majestic tow- The result is that each pastor ering peaks on either side. Never spends less time than formerly in did voice of man pronounce more hospital visitation and the patients impressively in pillared temple or receive more constant and systematic arched cathedral of man's building, care. This is what they did. In "The Lord is in His holy temple.

consultation with. the hospital au- Let all the earth keep silence before thorities the ministers composing the Him," than did the very silence of Interchurch Union of Lynn provided those snow-capped heights.

219

On the Denver and Rio Grande When the service was over many car "Ac.venture" was an Inter- of the members of the congregation church party which had crossed the remained to talk for a few moments continent for the State Conferences. with members .of the team. One The train had been delayed. It was young man said he had not been in not possible for the members of the church for years. The conductor team to reach Salt Lake City in time expressed his appreciation of the for service. Why not have a service privilege of attending such a service.

on the train? Throughout the day there were op- The conductor's permission was portunities for personal work af- secured and a messenger' went forded to every member of the team, through the car to invite the passen- who rejoice9. and were glad in the gers to join in the service and wel- day that the Lord had made.

come strangers to their "family pews." Then into the other cars the BIBLE CLASSES FOR HOTEn invitation was sent. The invitation GUESTS was accepted, in many cases with A consultation between officers of great eagerness, in some with curi- men's Bible classes of evangelical osity, and in others with languor be- churches in a large city resulted in: cause there was nothing else to do. A determination to reach every The porters and the waiters in the man registered in a hotel in that dining car were included in the in- city on Saturday or Sunday morn- vitation. ing with an invitation to attend a At eleven o'clock the congregation Bible class: began to assemble. Soon there were A card of invitation printed, giv- no vacant seats and standing room ing a list of Men's Bible classes,'

was at a premium, although there the hour of meeting and directions were few passenger~ in the car be- for reaching the church: fore the congregation came. Among Two men appointed to be in each those who joined in this interchurch hotel on Saturday night and Sunday service were two Baptist ministers, morning, to chat sociably with men two Methodist ministers, a Presby- who register at that hotel and to try terian minister, an Episcopalian lay- to register them also for some Bible reader, a Lutheran missionary class.

worker, a medical missionary from The outcome was a, large attend- China and a missionary from India. ance of traveling men at the various On the summit the train stopped Bible classes in the city.

for ten minutes. As the words of the 119th Psalm rang out, "I will lift HOW A SCHOOn OF MISSIONS OAME ABOUT up mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help," a panorama There are some speakers of whom more impressive than any ever pro- it is said, "they always go back to jected on a screen was before the the creation." The writer of this congregation. Then together they is :doing even one better and is go- repeated the 23rd Psalm. There. ing back to the very first idea in • were no silent lips 'as the words of the Second Congregational Church trust and confidence rang out. The of Bennington, Vermont, of a crea- hymns were the old hymns dear to tion of a School of Missions.

hearts the world over. There were A member of the church mis- no stained glass windows, but unhin- sionary committee attended a sum- dered by art of man we beheld the mer conference in the year 1918.

glory of God as we lifted our eyes When she returned she brought to and looked into the heavens which us the first idea. For various rea- declared the glory of God and the sons that she could not help, nothing earth which showed His handiwork. was done about the matter then.

BEST

In the summer of 1919 another adults adjourn to the parlor for member of the above committee at- lunch while the children are served tended a missionary conference. On in one corner of the chapel. A her return she was able to interest church member of some years standthe new chairman of the church missionary committee ill. the schem~ ing has said, "I never saw a more for a school of missions. social, friendly time at any supper The chairman called his com- ever served in this church." There mittee together and outlined the plan. is the opportunity to move about After some discuJsion and some ob- and meet different people whom jections it was unanimously voted one wishes to see but seldom does. tv try it out. The one who brought the idea to our church was delegated At 6 o'clock at the stroke of the to interview the pastors of the Baptist. and Methodist churches. hand bell all assemble in the chapel The Methodist pastor had his work for the brief impressive devotional all organized but the Baptist pastor service. At 6:10 the classes are agreed to unite in the general plans. formed and the real study begins.

The following committees were Dr. C. H. Patton's book "World Facts and America's Responsibility" appointed: Course of Study, Publicity, Teachers, Devotional, Stunts is used for one of the adult classes or Impersonations, Enrolment and for men and women and is taught Refreshments. The Baptists and bv a man. Dr. Charles H. Brooks' Congregational committees mapped book, "Christian Americanization," out the course of study. The committees on Publicity and Refresh- is used by the other adult class. ments also worked together in mak- This class is also open to both men ing their plans. Although the committees did not begin their plans and women and is taught by a -wountil early in October the work went man. "New Life Currents in forward rapidly and the school China" by Mrs. Mary N. Gamewell opened the first Sunday in Novem- is the book used in the class for young people. ber. The Juniors and Intermediates The Congregational school attend- are becoming much interested in ance the first night was 102 and it China and Chinese life from the steadily increased until the total en- study of "Mook" written by Mrs. rolment the fourth evening was over Evelyn ~r. Sites, and from reading 140. Though there were some other literature suitable to their timid members who questioned the age. This group is called the "China' wisdom of such a school for fear Club." They have many Chinese_ it would interfere with organizations already formed, yet these objections curios on exhibition and do hand have been satisfactorily answered. work. The youngest children,. under The Woman's- Missionary Society nine years are taking an aeroplane at the last meeting had an attend- Lip to China and are learning someance of 24 as against the highest attendance at a regular meeting last thing about the children's missionyear of 25 and at that meeting last ary, the country's flag, and the cusyear a very special program was car- toms and life of the children in the ried out. The other missionary ac- world's youngest republic. The chiltivities of the church have not suffered. dren of the above group are not urged to come at this time but those The school meets promptly a[ 5 :30 o'clock Sunday evenings. After the who wish or whose parents cannot doxology is sung in the chapel, the otherwise attend the school find a place where they mav be cared for and may be able to gain some useful knowledge. / 6 :50 o'clock does not always find the classes ready to .leave their study and the bell has to be sounded more than once to call them to-

gether for the special feature at the very significant, especially in these close. The first evening's stunt was days when the ai; ing of miSSIon- aoout China. This included sing- ary grievances is apt to be considered ing the "China Club's" song. An- a religious duty: other evening a missionary pageant "A missionary in India takes the op- was given, entitled "Hanging the portunity gratefully to testify that when Sign." One evening Mrs. R. S. M. the mission board's salary yielded a Emrich tol 1 an intere ting story bare living wage, a Christian friend in about an Armenian lad. The fourth America gave the cost of a carriage for the missionary's wife and the cost of evening an original exercise was a stenographer to the missionary-two carried out. Plans for the last two evenings are well under way. items which greatly multiplied the effi- ciency of that couple's missionary serv- For apparent interest, real' en- ice." He went on to add, "The mission- aries desire no luxury, but they do de- thu:;iasm, and a touch of family life, sire the means of efficient service. If there has never been anything like the school of missions in the recent Mission Boards do not find themselves history of the Second Congregational able from the church's donation to raise the salaries. then let a few Chris- tian people of means help to make the Church. work of individual missionaries more By all means have a school of effective by special help." missions this ye r If you have not The next man to give an answer wrote thus: al;eadv don ~ so, but if you cannot, begin now to prepare for next fall. "The Mission gave me time for rest The question will arise, have we ca- and recuperation. Then I found opporpable teachers? You may be sur- tunity for spiritual uplift and inspiration at the Keswick Convention (in England).

prised how much gaod material vou Since then I have had some months of have. Just venture a bit and not deputation work (also in Great Britain) think that you must use those who with further opportunity for spiritual have always taught missionary uplift. I am most grateful for all the opportunities that have come to me both classes. There are others more ca- for inspiration and service." "My Board gave me a bonus of a pable many times if you only give year's salary" said a missionary woman them a cha.,ce to develop their tal- -who was a teacher. "This canceled the ents. debt which had been incurred by the In preparing for next year find high cost of living and enables me now those that are capable and send them_ to take postgraduate work here at home to a missionarv conference to study during furlough and thus make me a under wise teachers, Jhebooks for more efficient teacher on my return." "When I came home," said another, next year's work. These delegates "my home chUTrh gave me a purse of cannot. help but gain el.thusiasm and inspiratio.' from the consecrated $250. This enabled me to pay faT some leaders and missionaries whom they necessary medical and dental work, and also enabled me to do some studying dur- ing furlough."

will there meet and hear. Two things are revealed in these FANNIIC EVERETT WEBSTER. replies wholly without intention of the missionaries. First, that the FROM TBl!l VIEWPOINT OF THE present scale of missionaries' salaries FIELD is no longer adequate on the field, By Helen E. Springer, Central Africa and the other is that furlough allow- At an Interchurch conference of ances are no longer adequate here in missionaries of Protestant denomina- the United States.

tions held recently the question was How has the church made my asked: "What has the home church work more difficul? "By making done to make your work more diffi- me try to do the work of three men"

cult or more efficient either in the answered a missionary from Africa field or on furlough?" promptly. And that reply would Here are some of the answers. come from almost every missionary The first two replies received are around the globe.

19201 BEST METHODS

"By making me lay bricks, do car- The Committee on Invitations vispenter work, walk where I could ride ited every family in the two blocks if I had a motor cycle; by having to and explained the idea. The Comkeep bOOKS for which I am not fitted mittee on Menu decided on-Scalwhen a trained bookkeeper could do the loped Potatoes, Meaf Sandwiches, work better and free me for the evan- Hot Corn on Cob, Pickles, Coffee gelistic work I want to do. By making and Watermelon. Each family was me ride in a slow bullock cart when if asked to provide enough potatoes, I had a Ford I could do three times sandwiches and pickles for the memthe work with half the trouble. By bers of their family who were cornmaking me write my own letters, or, ing to the picnic. The Committee what usually happens, writing few when provided the com, the coffee with if I had a stenographer I could keep my sugar and cream, and the waterconstituency at home informed, as they melon. The Committee on Tables should be." visited two nearby churches and Morrowed tables to place in the Every missionary will testify to middle of the paved street, washed the great help received in the prayers llnd swept and roped off by order of the mayor. Tabl~cloths were of friends at horne. We know that provided. The Committee on Invi- tations defied the breeze by pinning if there were a greater number of place-cards to the tablecloths. The Committee on Decorations was made intercessors Qur efficiency would be up of high school lads and lasses. One boy, whose studies gave him relatively increased. knowledge of electricity, obtained strings of colored electric lights and "Won't you appeal for a school for connected them up. Some got flags missionaries' children?" writes a Bap- of all' nations, and others flowers tist. It is cruel to ask us to leave our little children in the United States when, for the tables. Families were not if we had a suitable school to which to allowed to sit together, except mothsend them we could keep them up to ers with small children, for this was college age." to be a get-together Community Pic- nic Supper, and it is amazing to see Conversely, those who are able how many people can live in the same block without knowing each to reach the few schools that have other; The Music Committee found been established where missionary sufficient talent in the two blocks to provide for the entertainment. children can be sent thank God for Announcement was made that at them and realize that they are a the first call of the cornetist all the great means of increasing their own women should come from their homes with the hot dishes and sandefficiency and also of training others. wiches, and put them on the table anywhere. At the second call all the One note is sounded that appeals guests were to come and search until they found their place cards. to every missionary heart. This Chairs were provided by people man writes: "The heathen do not living on either side of the street. The watermelon, which had been thwart the missionary's work ·as cut and placed on the table, gave a good color scheme. Coffee appeared much as the non-Ch,istian conduct at intervals in large pitchers.

of the nominal Christians." Two hundred and fifty-eight of us sat down as neighbors to.:ether.' A COMMUNITY PICNIO SUPPER Surely a new day is dawning when the mayor of a great city issued an order that a street "hall be washed and swept and roped off for a Com- munity Supper. From Minneapolis comes this story.

A few women in two contiguous blocks were invited to a home one evening to comider the plans for a Community Picnic Supper. Their enthusi:..sm was great anl the fol- lowing committees were appointed: Invitations Music Menu Speakers Tables Finance Decorations Games

At the close of the meal all scraps sounded. Suddenly the clicking of were put in large paper bags, do- typewriting machines ceased. There nated by a nearby grocery firm, and was an absolute stillness. Girls the Table Committee cleared away stopped writing in the middle of a all signs of the picnic and arranged sentence; men and women paused the chairs around the platform just where they were-for the noon- which had been built out from a tide prayer of the Interchurch World vacant lot. On this was a piano and Movement. room for our volunteer orchestra and speakers, which included the Mayor, Not in that one building only, but Chief of Police and an Alderman in many of the denominational and from our Ward. The "City Com- ip.terdenominational offices through- munity Sing" leader was there, and out New York and throughout the under his inspiring leadership we world, as the clock strikes twelve S'lng ourselves hoarse. Then came there comes the call to silent prayer very short speeches, followed by that the great commission of our games. Lord and Saviour may be carried out and His salvation be made The whole spirit of our community known to the ends of the earth. has been changed by our getting to- gether in tliis way. The morning "Not by might, nor by power, but after the picnic a man across the by my spirit saith the Lord." street from the home of a widow whose daughter goes to work daily, REGULAR VISITORS AT THE came over and said: "I notice you go downtown every morning about COUNTY HOME the time I drive down. Why not ride with us? There's plenty of "Over the hills to the poor house" room." A plumber across the alley was robbed of much of its sadness came to his neighbor and said: "You by the cooperation of some purpose- need not bother to get a plumber to ful young people in a southern city. _. do small jobs for you, let me do it." When the milk drivers went on a When these young. people decided strike in the fall, a husband said to that their program had been clade up his wife: "Now there are several of services entirely, with practically babies in these two blocks. You no service, they began to make a send the maid to those homes where community survey to see what op- there are babies and get the empty pGrtunities for real service they milk bottles and I will send the car could discover. Among other dis- around to get certified milk for all coveries they found there were no our babies." regular religious services held in the county home which was located only Everybody is looking forward to a few miles from their city. Repre- another Community Picnic. ' sentatives of the young people's leagues of the various evangelical WHEN THE CLOCK STRIKES churches were called together. They worked out plans and schedules to TWELVE provide regular services and special celebrations for the lonely, neglected The clock on the tower struck residents in that "home" that had twelve. The crowds on the streets been so pathetically misnamed. of New York rushed on. The noise They went with musical instruments of the cars, the whir of automobiles, and interesting programs. As friend- the warnings of horns and clanging ships were formed there were many bells, the sharp gongs of speeding little "surprise boxes" slipped into ambulances filled the ears of the trembling did hands. hurrying throng pushing along the streets. Each League or Christian En- deavor was assigned regular and As the clock struck twelve a gong special days, for which its members were responsible.

CONTACTS WITH THE

HOME FIELDS . HOME BOARDS . FOREIGN BOARDS FOREIGN FIELDS No. Moravian So. Presby. Presby. … '.'6fftr~.'" Amer. Presby. U.S. Reformed Reformed U. S. United Brethren CO-OPERATIVE CONTACTS WITH THE FIELDS HOME MISSIONS DENOMINATIONAL FOREIGN FIELDS REPRESENT A T1VES frontiers– Indians— Negroes— Immigrants- Orientals– Mexicans– Rural—- Alaska— —:::::;;"

Mormons– Cities—- Industrial– Special— How THE EDITOR· OF THE REVIEW PRESENTSD, BY A BLACKBOARD DIAGRAM BI';FORI'; A LOCAL CHURCH, THE NEED FOR DENOMINATIONAL COOpERATION IN HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS 225

Woman's Home Mission

EDITIID BY MISS F~ORltNCE E. QUINLAN, ExECUTIVE SECRETARY Olf THF; COUNCIL ot WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS EXCERPTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORTS Dr. John R. Matt, at the recent The School of Missions has dem- World Survey Conference of the In- onstrated itself to be a most fruitful terchurch World Movement, spoke of avenue of approach to the individual the fundamental requisite for all co- life of young and old. Its opporoperative work-the generating of tunity for reaching both women and an atmosphere. He quoted a phrase girls grows larger each year;' regisused at the historic Edinburgh Con- trations are increasing, the activities ference: "To loathe to differ and to are more varied, and the results more determine to understand," and he and more real. It is a ripe field for further amplified as follows: "To de- recruiting for mission work and for termine to understand especially furnishing training for leaders. those from whom we differ." At the last annual meeting it was The object of the Council of Wo- voted to secure an Executive Secremen for Home Missions, as stated in tary familiar both with Board work the Constitution, is "to unify the ef- and the w"rk of the Council. Durforts !'f the National Women's Home ing the weeks in which search was Mission Boards and Societies by made for a suitable person it became consultation and by cooperation in increasingly evident that the Council action." And this implies that in its needed someone at headquarters able outreach the Council shall, by its to supervise the t~chnical part of very existence, loathe to differ and publication which had grown to be be determined to understand, espe- too large a task to ask of volunteers. cially those from whom it mig-ht dif- Miss Florence E. Quinlan, who had fer. The story of the year reads as been a member of the Woman's a page of cooperation, cooperation Board of Home Misisoris, Presbywith various and varied organiza- terian, for seven years and who had tions. served as Chairman of the Literature Committee of that Board; who had A request from the Women's Mis- also for more than a year been a sionary Society of the Presbyterian member of the Committee on Study Church in Canada, Western Division, Courses and Literature of the Counto become affiliated with the Coun- cil, was elected for that office and cil was received and a hearty wel- assumed her duties April 21, 1919. come was extended. At present there are seventeen denominational The Council publishes the adult women's Boards constituent to the and junior Home Mission textbooks Council and two consulting Boards: for use by women's and young peothe National Board of the Young ple's study groups. In the publica- Women's Christian Associations and tion of the adult book for 1919-20, the National Board of the Woman's "Christian Americanization, A Task Christian Temperance Union. for the Churches," the Missionary Education Movement cooperated with Twelve Schools of Missions are the Council ·instead of publishing a affiliated, the latest accessions to the separate book. For the first time a family being Bay View, Michigan, study book bearing the Council's imand Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

226 print has passed the 100,000 mark. of Women's financial expenditure This increased sale is due to our new being met to a large degree by a partnership and, in larger measure, fund received from the International to the intrinsic value of the book, Council of Women for Patriotic the timeliness of the theme, and the Service. "Two Bibles," an illumi- steady growth of the Council's con- nating leaflet, was written by Mrs.

stituency. For 1920-21, the Mission- George. W. Coleman on request of ary Education Department of the the Council. It sets forth a few Interchurch World ~lovement, which fac. ~ in regard to issues of the Bible now functions in place of the Mis- recently published or provided by the sionary Education Movement, and Mormon Church.

the Council are to publish jointly the A sjnthesis of the work done junior, as well as the adult book on among the foreign-tongued by the the theme "The Church and the Boards constituent to the Council has Community." Also a considerable been compiled and copies sent to each portion, if not the entire output of Board. .

supplemental material will be pub- A Committee' representing the lished jointly. The Council believes Home Missions Council, the Council that the theme for the 1920 book of Women for Home Missions, the will strike the rising tide of church Young Men's Christian Association, feeling and sentiment as did that of and the Young Women's Christian last year. The Council is fortunate Association has been appointed to in securing for the author of this provide a more adequate program book Ralph E. Diffendorfer, head of for the religious education of Inthe ~Tome Survey Department of the dians, especially in regard to cooper- Interchurch Vorld Movement, who ative work in Indian Schools. This is widely known for his unique ex- joint committee on Indians affairs perience in the field of this subject; held a conference at Wichita, Kanequally fortunate in the author of sas, September 24-26, which was atthe Junior book, Jay T. Stocking, tended by workers in the Indian field D. D., who will present the theme in -and representatives of Boards, of story form. . the Government, and of many Indian During the past year the usual tribes.

leaders' helps for adult and junior A report was presented at the an- books, a devotional service for use nual meeting in January, 1919, in- with the adult textbook, a short pag- dicating the need of permanent or- eant, a program for the observance of ganization by which neglected areas Home Mission Week on the theme, may be hunted out, surveyed, and "The Soul of Democracy; Christian the needs discovered and met,either Service, Personal and Social," a set by joint action or by assigning re- of posters, and incidental leaflets. have sponsibility to denominations. (A been published. In passing, it is inter- recommendation from the Inter- esting to note the cordial cooperation church World Movement was pre- of the Treasury Department of the sented to the Council at the 1920 an- Government in presenting to the nual meeting in regard to this mat- Council 10,000 Victory Liberty Loan ter. Information as to definite de- "Americans All" posters showing list velopments will be- given in. a later of representative names of men in' issue of the Bulletin.) service whose nomenclature betokens The Council has continued to greatly varied parental nationalities. maintain the Woman's Home Mis- The Council of Women united sion Bulletin, by-monthly in the MIS- with the Home Missions C011ncil in SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD) arranging for the publication of under the same annual plan of four "The Foundations of Mormonism" pages in six issues, alternating with by William E. La Rue, the Council the Wo~an's Foreign Mission Bul-

letin. Mrs. O. R. Judd was the aration for the observance of the editor during the early Q10nths of the iunnicteodnfoDrmayityinwi1t9h191.918C,otnhseeqTuheunrtlsy~ year, but felt obliged to resign and day in Home Mission Week, 1919. beginning with the May issue the was selected as the Dav of Praver Executive Secretary has had charge for Home Missions, and a program of the Bulletin. was prepared for its observance. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seven of the constituent Boards of Foreign Missions had observed a have Secretaries for Student Work, day in January, 1919. (February 20, two work in cooperation with the 1920, was the first united Day of Student Secretaries of the general Prayer for Missions.) Church Boards; in seven the work is conducted jointly with the foreign It has been the conviction of the Boards. A majority prepare special Council that there should be some literature for young women students; integration of the various women's all except one sent representatives to societies of the local churches and Y. W. C. A. Conferences in 1919 that there should be an earnest and and nearly all were represented in a rousing call to the women of the girls' camps in connection with Sum- Church to dedicate themselves to mer Schools. Christian service. The increasing demand for women's local federa- The Council was represented at a tions and the enlarged scope of their conference called by the Student work has necessitated, that, the rela- Committee of the Y. W. C. A. in- tionship of local federations organcluding representatives of the Fed- ized by the Federal Council and eration of Woman's Boards of For- those organized by the Council of eign Missions and the Council of Women and the Federation of Wo- Women to consider the adequacy of man's Boards of Foreign Missions the presentation of missions in be carefully considered. The Counschools and colleges. It was feIt cil has, therefore, been in close conthat the Home Mission study courses sultation and cooperation with the provided for students in schools and Federation of Woman's Boards of colleges were not' fully satisfactory Foreign Missions, and the Commisand that a more adequate program sion on Interchurch Federations of of instruction should be provided. the Federal Council of Churches of Steps have been taken to secure this. Christ in regard to the organizing of local Federations of Church Women. A high water mark was reached At the present time there are about in 1919 by the Home Mission Insti- 165 federations listed. A suggested tute at Chautauqua, there being a constitution for such federations has registration of 1160. been approved.

On September 18, 1918. in accord- The Council was represented at the ance with the wishes of the women AlI~Board Conference of the Interof the churches, the Council of Wo- church World Movement in Clevemen voted that a specific day be land, Ohio, April 3D-May 1, and at permanently set aside as a Day of the 'World Survey Conference at At- Prayer for World Wide Missions. lantic City, N. J., January 7-10, 1920. In October of the s e year the Fed- The President of the Council is one eration of Woman's Boards of For- of the three women on the Execueign Missions voted that the first tive Committee of the Movement. An Advisory Committee has been Ft;iday in Lent be adopted for the formed to counsel with the Missionannual· observance of this Day of ary Education Department of the Prayer, and in November the Coun- Movement, on which committee all cil of Women ratified that choice of Boards, as well as the Home Misday. The date of appointment by the Council and Federation of the sub-committee on the Day of Prayer precluded effectiv~ pUblicity or prep-

sions Council, the Foreign Missions Committee of the Federal Council. Conference, the Federation of Wo- The Council of Women was repreman's Boards of Foreign Missions, sented at the special meeting of the and the Council of Women for Federal Council in Cleveland, May Home Missions are represented, the 6-8. Items of special interest to the combined group functioning in the Council at this meeting were: the place of the former Committee of formation of an Editorial Council of the Religious Press, the proposed Twenty-eight. change in the constitution of the Federal Council, whereby interde- An advisory committee consisting nominational organizations would be of representatives of the Council, the admitted to the Federal Council as Federation of Woman's Boards of affiliated organizations with mem- Foreign . Missions and the Inter- bership on the Executive Committee church World Movement, has con- and on Commissions, the discharge sidered the relation of the Federa- of the War Time Commission, and tion, the Council, Women's Boards, the endorsement of the Interchurch and local federations of church World Movement. A meeting of the women to the Interchurch World Executive Com·m;ttee of the Federal Movement, and particularly to its Council was held in Baltimore, Md., Women's Activities Department. December 10-12. For the first time, the Federal Council had invited The Interchurch World Move- affiliated bodies to make short reports ment, through the Director of the of their cooperative work; accord- Home Missions Survey, requested ingly,' the Executive Secretary prethe Executive Committee of the sented such a report to the Com- Council to constitute itself the Sur- mittee. vey Committee in behalf of the Women's Home Mission Boards and The advisability of the closest de- gree of cooperation between the Societies to cooperate in the Home Missions survey and program. The Council of Women and the Home object of this survey IS to study the Missions Council has been proved. country in its home mission aspects The two Councils have for the past in order to determine an adequate two years together prepared the probudget for five years for carrying gram for their annual meetings and on the work on an efficiency basis, to have conducted a large part of the complete a program that will ade- meetings in joint session. This year quately care for a1l the unchurched this is again true, the purely business regions and aU the unchurched matters being considered in separate groups in the United States, to erect ses~ion. Members of the Council of standards and to bring up to an Women have served on committees efficiency basis all approved projects, of the Home Missions Council. It and to establish a more economical is now planned. however, to increase use of the Lord's money by elimin- this cooperation by the formation of ating overlapping and overchurching. joint committees representing all A carefully itemized survey was common line3 of work. made. with full data of work done by the boards constituent to the "Keep together, keep together, for Counc:t, tabulated 1::uth by denomina- one man cannot take a trench." Mr. tions and by groups of people served, Sherwood Eddv I ~ports having heard and was delivered to the Survey De- an officer can this out to his men on partment on the first of November. a field of battle in the recent war. Several members of the Council May the Council. keeping together, of Vomen have ser:ed on Commis- working together, generate an atmossions of the Federal Council of the phere of faith, and so be able, not Churches of C1.rist in America, and only to believe, but to accomplish the the President is one of the two women members of the Administrative impossible and to see the Unseen.

A Chinese View of China's

T HE EDUCATED Christian Chinese are the sanest; most dependable leaders in China. Dr. C. T. Wang, late Speaker of the Chinese House of Commons and one of the most able of Chinese Christians, recently wrote on the present needs of China. In his view, the present outlook is exceedingly dark, but he sees the true source of difficulty and the real hope for brighter days. He says: "When we do not know what to do, humanly speaking, we have only to turn to the Throne of Grace.; to rememher that God rules the world, and that the destinies of all nations are ill His hands. Though the situation is serious, it is not hopeless. There is a growing feeling among the people that the country must unite and that there must be peace.

"I have the growing conviction that the best contribution which could be given to China would be the gift of Jesus Christ. He is the only and the sufficient answer to the question 'What is the great need of China?' This country needs Christ because we need more light. There is deep darkness and ignorance among all classes of the people. It is this ignorance which is largely the base of all the great troubles from which China is suffering today. Christ brings light to all life, and will bring a better government and a truly revived nation. Christ also brings richer life to all who receive Him. Christians are few in China in comparison with the vast popula. tion; but the Christian life is now recognized by non-Christians as having a richer content than anything which Chma has hitherto known. Christ will convict the people of their sins. There are many things which our people do, aud do not know that they are wicked: and so there is no feE'ling of the need of a life changed in these respects. We need teaching which will enable us to recognize evil and to turn from it: to see goodness and desire it. For without goodnpfs in the people we cannot hope for a good government. l1hrough Christ men will be helped to get away from them3elves, and to think of higher being and of life's higher purpose. For the root of all evil in China is love of self. Christ teaches men to think in terms of God, in terms of all mankind, in terms of all time."

Give Christ to China: receiving Him her need will be supplied, and this poor, distracted, ignorant and selfish nation, plunged now in the midst of troubles and dangers, will find new IHe and new happiness and new strength.

230

fROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA Mrs. Grace Farmer is chairman, is The Laymen at Pittsburgh successfully mobilizing the women ABOUT 250 representative laymen of the churches in this great under- from widely scattered centers in taking. the United States met in a three-day conference in the William Penn Ho- Practical Federation W t~l January 31st to February 2, underHILE the Christian forces of America are everywhere disthe auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. Their findings cussing federation, aIliance and committee, of which Mr. Fleming union, the evangelical churches of H. Revell was Chairman, called on Lowell, Mass., have combined in a Christian laymen of every church to way that promises to deepen co'n- unite under the leadership of the viction and promote energy. The Spirit of God to extend the Kingdom denominations represented in this of Jesus Christ throughout the alliance . are Baptists, Congrega- world. They emphasized the need of tionalists. Episcopalians, Evangeli- building up a ,higher type of com- cals, Methodists, Primitive Metho- munity life at home, the necessity for dists, Presbyterians and United thorough acquaintance with present Presbyterians.

conditions at home and abroad, full Recently, the eight pastors agreed participation in the evangelistic cam- to preach on the same Sunday on paigns, thr. necessity for strengthen- the Deity of Christ, and all of ing the local churches financially, Lowell was interested in this united spiritually and organically, the great testimony upon a most vital but c need to promote the spiritual ideals' too often neglected subject. and life of young people and the From time to time similar united obligation to win the foreign born testimony will be given to the Americans to Jesus Christ. other fundamental facts and teach- This program they declared must ings of the Christian faith, The be carried forward by prayer, sacri- second article in the Constitution ficial service and gifts of life and of the Alliance requires that every money. Christian forces must work member shall positively and for- together on the principle that "The mally subscribe to the great fun- Christian Church is a unit for the damentals of historic Christianity, Christian program as a whole." including explicitly the sovereignty of God the Father, .the deity of The Women In Washington Christ, and the personality of the CHRISTIAN wo~en, representing Holy Spirit, the Scriptures as the many denominations and or- only infallible rule of faith and ganizations, met in Washington at practice, the vicarious blood atone- Hotel Raleigh, February 7 to 9th, ment of Jesus Christ on the cross in the interest of promoting the pro- and the bodily resurrection of be- gram of the Interchurch World lievers in Christ. Movement. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody Of the fifty minist~rs of Lowell presided over the meeting which and vicinity. twenty-three are al- brought together some 250 delegates. ready members, and there are more The Women's Activities depart- to follow.

ment of the Movement, of which The Presbyttrian.

231

A Pre&b;yterlan Social Creed $10,000,000 as their goal, while the Methodists will set out to raise As EARLY as 1910, the Presby- $1,000,000. In both cases, the' terian Church took a definite proper officials have made arrangestand on social problems when it ments to underwrite their share of adopted a creed embodying Pres- the Interchurch expense budget. byterian belief in an enlarged social program. The present industrial The Baptist Convention has apconditions make it important to pointed twenty-five of its execumake known the Church's stand in tive officers "as a National Baptist the matter. The following are Campaign Commission. Headsome of the points declared in quarters will be in Chicago, with the creed, which was prepared for branches in Philadelphia and Atthe most part by Dr. John Mc- lanta. Dowell, now director of the Social Service Division of the New Era LATIN-AMERICA Movement: A Year's Achievement 'the acknowledgment of the obliga- T HE OUTSTANDING accom- plishments of the Committee on tion of wealth. Cooperation in Latin America dur- The application of Christian prin- ing the past year have been the surveying of the unoccupied fields ciples to the conduct of industrial of Haiti and Santo Domingo; the publication of a monthly review organizations, whether capital or la- "La Neuva Democracia" ; employ- ment of a secretary of literature in bor. Brazil, a secretary for education in A more equitable distribution of Mexico and a secretary for the Committee on Cooperation in Mexwealth. ico; the publication of a directory The abatement of poverty due to of missionaries, mission schools and periodicals in Latin America; the preventable diseases, uncompensated ac- preparation in Spanish of the first cidents, lack of proper education. general commentary on the Inter- national Sunday School Lessons; The abolition of child labor. the beginning of the publication of temperance literature in Spanish, Such regulation of the conditions the beginning of union evangelical of the industrial occupation of women seminaries in Porto Rico and Brazil, as shall safeguard the physical and and the opening of a union book depository in Chile. moral health of themselves, the community and the future. The countries which make up Latin America have a total popu- Adequate protection of working people from dangerous machinery and objectionable conditions of labor. The release of every worker from work one day in seven, the Sabbath if possible, with every worker paid sufficient with six days' work for seven days of living.

The employment of methods of con- ciliation and arbitration in industrial disputes.

The development of a Christian spirit in the attitude of society toward offenders against the law.

The New Era Magazine.

lation of 85,000,000, an increase· of Negro ChttN'hes and the Interchurch nearly 600% in the past one hun- THENATIO?llAL Baptist Con- dred years. ….ention and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, two News from Western Mexico Neg-ro denominations with nearly 4.000,000 members, have decided to REV. ALFRED C. Wright, Con- gregational missionary of (iua- join with the other cooperating dalajara. Mexico. is of the numher communions in the united simul- who believe that schools, social taneous financial campaign of the centers, medical d;spensaries and Interchurch World llo….ement of churches are the kind of "interven- N nrth Ameril'l this spring.. tion" which will avail in Mexico.

The colored Baptists have set After four years of suspension

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the two schools in Guadalajara, Spanish language, become acquainted one for boys and one for girls, wjth the Mexican people, and will have reopened with a present en- be prepared to be leaders in the rolment of 200 pupils in the two. teaching of the new Medical College. Another 16 y _ung men just gradu- In Ahualulco, ",here the mission- ated in med.cine could then be sent by these Board to gradually take ary, J. L. Stephens, was assassinated over the work of the dispensaries, freeing the older men for the college in 1874, a medical dispensary in work; and as many more-young dochis memory has been establislIed tors. who' have had a start in laborawith the voluntary aid of a trained tory work in the home land could be nurse, in which over six hundred selected and brought out to the treatments monthly are given, and school for its laboratory teaching. many are brought under evangelical influences in this way. The Venezuela's Need Roman Catholic priest issued a decree from his pulpit prohibiting THE REPUBLIC OF Venezuela, his flock from taking advantage of South America, has a total area the dispensary, but the fact that of 1,020,400 square kilometers and only twelve of the over six hundred a population of 2.824,000. Only one treatments were given to evangel- tenth of the area is reached 'by icals shows how little influence his evangelicaJ missions and about oneprohibition had. third of the population. This leaves over 2,000,000 people without an Medlcal Scl¥>ol for Mexico. opportunity to hear the Christian message in its fulness. In aU THE sub-committee on Medical Venezuela there are only 27 Prot- work of the National Committee estant missionaries including wives. on Cooperation in Mexico has ad- There are also ten evangelical dressed a letter to the Mission native workers. The societies at Boards working in Mexico, regarding work include the Society for the the development of the medical Propagation of the Gospel (Engbranch of the Union Evangelical Uni- land), the Presbyterians (North), versity in Mexico City. The letter the British and Foreign Bible Sois an appeal for' a thoroughly Chris- ciety and four smaller missions. tian type of medical school, one dedicated to e especial task of evangel- The constitution of the Republic izing Mexico. Other medical schools now grants liberty of worship and abound, having as their aim, "the no one who knows Venezuela will propagation of science," or "the question the need for a high type amelioration of human sJ.fi'ering"; of Christian teaching and example. but the committee contends that a One of the strategic points to be medical school devoted primarily to occupied is Cindad Bolivaz, capital the ultimate evangelization of Latin of the state of Bolivar. It is an. America need not be thereby less exceedingly healthy city in which scientifically thorough. The plan live many British and American proposed by this sub-committee is as business men. The Port San Felix folio .vs : That each denomination is another point that should be ocworking in Mexico establish, as rap- cupied as it is the door to a large idly as possible, preaching dispen- and important territory. Upata, a saries, preferably in Mexico City. city of 10,000 inhabitants and Quasi- Within two or three years eight dif- pati, with 12.300 inhahitants, and ferent denominations may be induced San Fernando, a to'n with a to open up eight six-days-a-week dis- large future offer attractive oppensaries in Mexico City with two portunities. In these places there doctors each. Then, by the time is need for churches and schools buildings can be made ready, these sixteen men wil have learned the

with itineration in the neighboring Methodist, Baptist, Congregationali.st regions. and Friends. A recent survey of conditions in Great Britain reveals W. H. RAINEY. the fact that among those who reg- ularly attend chuch and take part New Chnrch in Argentina in the work of the church there are many who do not yet believe in CONZALEZ Chaves is one of missions. They never read a mis- . many towns in eastern Argen- sionary book, or attend a missionary tina which have had_a phenomenal meeting. growth. Fifteen years ago it was composed of six houses, one store Beyond these is the much larger and a railway station. Today, it class of those who hold aloof from is a progressive, thriving center of organized Christianity. The expera rich agricultural district, with im- ience of chaplains and of the Y. M. portant municipal buildings under C. A. in the army has shown how construction, not the least impor~ small a percentage of the nation has tant of which is an evangelical any connection with the Church at Christian church. The building has all. Among these large masses who been paid for entirely by the local hold aloof from organized Chriscongregation. The dedicatory ser- tianity are some of the best men mon was preached by a Baptist and women in the nation, largely pastor of La Plata on September Christian in sentiment and aim, 17, 1919, followed by a week's series though not· in dogmatic. creed or of meetings which were attended outward profession. To gain their by large numbers from other lo- allegiance it is necessary to show calities. more clearly the relation of Chris- tian missions to the living problems EUROPE of the modern world. And one of the means to this end decided upon London City Mission by the Conference is the establish- ment of a press bureau, to provide THE LONDON City Mission is not only short missionary news par– the active ally of a1l evangel- agraphs in the daily press but arical churches. It has three hun- ticles in the quarterly and monthly dred city missionaries at work in review setting forth the aim and London's underworld, exerting ·a achievements of Christian missions. force for righteousness among In this effort it is proposed to secure chauffeurs, transport workers, gas the cooperation of men distinguished· worifers,-in fact there is scarcely in .literature and journalism. any type of London toiler that does not share in the Mission's benefi- Holland Missions Threatened cent program. About one hundred mission workers are delegated ON ACCOUNT of the heavy to visit special classes at their daily losses suffered by the missionary occupation, each missionary being constituency of Holland the Netherresponsible for some 4000 people. lands missionary societies are sending With scarcely a living wage, the out appeals for immediate help to Mission's agents have plodded on save their work, maintained for 125 dqring the war, and have discharged years, from complete disaster. Of many duties that won no official the neutral states in western Europe recognition. the Netherlands have suffered most from the dislocation of trade, and The ReHglons Situation in Brlta.ln such war profits as were made were for the most part a displacement of THE CONFERENCE of British wealth by which immense groups be- Missionary Societies includes all came impoverished. the great missionary organizations of the British Isles-Anglican, Scottish, Irish and English Presbyterian,

l~l NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Holland is responsible for one of Aintab, Marash and Ourfa, and that the most important mission fields the French forces have been coming existing, namely the Netherlands East in stronger and stronger, apparently Indies, with a total population of expecting to remain permanently, and over 45,000,000, of whi~ 35,000,000 that they were also entering Aleppo.

are Mohammedans (nearly all on The Arabs have become excited, and Java). Ten different societies are declare that they will not allow the here at work, (without overlapping), French to occupy this territory.

having a total staff of 214 men Robberies and murders have increased (exclusive of wives), 120 of which and are more common than at any are on Java; 100 main stations time recorded in history, outside of (Java 40); 1000 substations (Java the period of massacres.

210)350,000 Christians (Java 27,000) The Armenians complain that the and 60,000 school children (Java . French are unreliable, unsympathetic 13,000). Besides there are some 12 and tyrannical; that they are often training schools for native preachers insulting and brutal. Even the Amer- and teachers; 10 hospitals; on nearly ican missionaries have been obliged to every main station a dispensary; a to complain against the treatment great number and variety of educa- they have received at the hands of tional institutions, etc. The Holland the French officers. If France should Missions .- rank among the least ex- take over the mandatory of Syria pensive to maintain. and Silicia there is apprehension The Societies are planning a prompt lest they follow their usual represand energetic forward movement, at sive measures in relation to Protesthe home – base, but without the tant missionary work.

initial heJp of at least $100,000 their The New Arab Nation expectations cannot be realized. ARABIA is being admitted into the No Sunday Papers for Italy family of nations, according to a writer in the National Geographic ON SUNDAY, January 4, a na- Magazine. The establishment of a tional law went into effect in new Arab state under British control Italy which might well be adopted seems to be the beginning of closer in America and other countries. This relations between Christians aftd enactment prohibits the printing of Moslem lands. Far reaching posnewspapers on Sunday. The pur- sibilities are seen in the new political. pose is to prevent newspaper workers situation. from being employed on Sunday and to force all newspapers to suspend Ministers and consuls, missionaries issues which might require Sunday and merchants may now reside, exlabor from any class of employes. plore and trade in this long forbidden Even news agencies are forbidden to country. Light will fall where darkissue their single news sheets_ ness lurked. Britain's prestige among Mohammedan peoples forcasts a dis- The law provides a fine of 10,000 tinct gain to civilization. lire and the confiscation of the issue for the first violation, and the sup- Many questions are still to be pression of the-newspaper for a sec- agreed upon, but before the regeneraond offense. tion of Arabia can begin there must be a strong enough police force to MOSLEM LANDS protect property and direct the build- ing of roads and harbors. Al!"ricul- Prot<'Stant Missions flnd the French tural and industrial development will DR. W. S. DODD, head of the then follow spontaneously. The ma- Red Cross Relief in Syria, writes kers of the new Arabia have no from Adana on December 3 that light task before them but the work the British have withdrawn from is worth doing.

INDIA conditional upon a like amount being raised by the Society, with which Lutberans In India to provide houses for workers in the various mission fields. Three ONE OF the results of the union British doctors, with ample qualifica- of the Lutheran church in Amer- tions, expect to begin work in Okara ica has been to bring together in in 1920. one the Lutheran mission of Guntur and Rajahmundry. Though both are Secret Society of Cbrfstians Lutheran, these missions have had different organizations. In August AT NAGERCOIL there is a society last a joint committee of the two of secret followers of Christ, missions met in Guntur, when it was agreed to form a common organiza- whose members are caste Hindus. tion. This does not mean, apparently, Their belief appears to diff~r little that the two missions will immediately from Gospel teaching, but in addition become one, but steps were taken they hold that the "word," referred to bring the work of the two missions to in John 1:1 is a concrete word, into harmony with each other. which was communicated by Christ to His disciples after the Resurrec- Christianity at a FoJr tion, and orally handed down to the faithful, generation after generation. THE GREAT annual mela at Push- These secret disciples maintain that kar, a village near Ajmer, was Christ is the fulfilment of Hinduism as well as Judaism, and they expect held in November with a record Him to return shortly. They lay crowd. Before the· fair was half great stress on prayer, and the love over, the railway station reported of Christ is their constant theme. 30,000 tickets collected, and much larger numbers came by caravan, Blue· Ribbon Army tonga or on foot. In connection with this 'religious pilgrimage and festival MISS MARY J. Campbell, in her there is an annual cattle show under work as national temperance Government patronage, to which came such multitudes that the little organizer for all India, under the village of normally a few hundreds auspices of the Women's Christian overflowed with pilgrims; and the Temperance Union, finds that there sand dunes outside were covered are many boys and men, both Chriswith cattle and camels, horses, tents, tian and non-Christian, who desire and men. This mighty throng fur- to organize for temperance work. nished a magnificent opportunity for Since they do not wish to enroll the distributitm of Gospels and tracts. themselves in a distinctively woman's Christian workers put 600 Gospels organization, the Blue Ribbon Army and 8000 tracts into the hands of has been started to fit their case. readers who, in most instances, knew nothing of Christ and His teaching. Requirements for membership in- clude the signing of a total abstinence New MedkaJ Work at Okara pledge. The Army invites the co- operation of all Christian organiza- HE NATIONAL Missionary So- tions and temperance forces. T ciety of India proposes to extend its medical service at Okara, in the Indian Witness. Punjab, and erect a well-equipped hospital with twenty-five beds. The Bnrmese Government and MJsslons executive committee was on the point of issuing an appeal for Rs. 50,000, A PPRECIATIVE recognition of the amount required, when Rs. 45,000 were offered anonymously and two the work of Protestant missionindividuals contributed the remain- aries in Burma is shown by a report ing Rs. 5,000. The larget' gift is of an order sent broad cast over the country by the Burmese Government I)e£ore the armistice was signed. The

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

order was· to the effect that no Civic Evangelism In Canton ONE OF THE many union move- Burmese missionary should join the m'ents which are now taking English army in a combatant ca- definite form in China is the new pacity. It gave as the reason for this office of Union City Evangelistic the fact that the services of mission- Secretary for Canton. Among all aries in interpreting the ideals of the missionary forces in Canton there is West and the trend of events were not one man who can give his whole invaluable to the Government. time to city evangelism, and although there are forty-six churches and The Missionary Link.

CHINA chapels in Canton, some sections are College Presidents Confer totally neglected. It is now pro- posed to attack the city problem, AT A CONFERENCE of college as a whole through the new office presidents held in Shanghai, Oc- of City Secretary, and the aim is tober 24, the Association of Chris- to evolve some scheme for making tian colleges and universities in China wider use of existing facilities and was organized. A recommendation forces. Chinese pastors and mission workers, properly marshalled, have was made that not more than one unmeasured possibilities of service. agricultural or forestry school of college grade be established in China After the preliminary steps have by the Church, and that that school been taken more ambitious programs should be in connection with Nanking are proposed, such as organized Sun- University. It was felt that co- day-schQ"ol and other church activieducation should be adopted in higher ties; an annual city movement rallyinstitutions of learning. The need ing about the visit of some world- famed speaker; concerted and fully for school for business training was planned "drives" againt the numerous recognized, and a school of journal- . forms of vice with which the city ism at Peking University was heartily abounds; city-wide campaigns for t ecommended. social betterment, and possibly, an even more elaborate. program under Canton Christian CoBege which the city will be divided into seven districts, each a center for THE NEWLY organized "Emi- direct evangelistic work. grant School" is an evidence of the steadily expanding influence of New Era Magazine.

Canton Christian College. Many Dr. Shelton Held for Ransom D emigrant Chinese desire their boys to R. R. A. SHELTON, the medical missionary of the Disciples Board, be educated in :'hina, but it has been difficult to admit such boys to the col- said to have been the only foreigner lege because most of them are de- ever officially invited to enter the ficient in Chinese. "forbidden city" of Lhasa, Tibet, has Some wealthy Chinese, chiefly from been captured by bandits and held the Malay station, have promised a for ransom-by a famous outlaw sum of $70,000 to build and equip leader of the Tai and Wah tribes a special department for the educa- of Yunnan Province, China. Dr.

tion of their sons till they are ready Sheldon's detention is surprising in to enter the regular classes. A view of the friendly relations he had dozen or more of these emigrant enjoyed among these people on ac- boys are now being taught Mandarin count of his medical services. He 1n this department. Two are Eu- had gone fearlessly among lawless rasians from Australia; the others tribes throughout all that region, giv- are from Java and Malay. All speak ing' them the benefit of his profession English well, but know little Chinese. skill and was personally known to

most of the bandit chiefs. Sadhu to enter the schools, a system~tic Sundra Singh, the Indian evangelist, effort is made to inculcate reverence is believed to be the only other for the old heathenism by regularly Christian allowed to enter the city of bringing the children to worship at Lhasa. the shrines of the' local divinities. Teachers do not hesitate to denounce Japanese Missionary to China Christianity, and to reprimand their pupils for attending church and Sun- REV. K. FUJITA, until recently day-school. secretary of the japanese Y. M. – C. A. in Shanghai, is planning to Japanese Press on Missions undertake missionary work in that city among both Chinese and j ap- THE FOLLOWING extracts are an ese, thus being in sense, a pioneer from the Chosen Shinum: Japanese missionary to China. Mr. "The stirring up of the minds of Fujita feels that Chris~ianity alone the Koreans is the sin of the Amer- can solve existing problems that in- ican mlsSlon~ry. This uprising is volve both countries, and he hopes to promote a better understanding be- their work. * * * There are a tween Chinese and Japanese Chris- tians. good many shallow-minded people among the missionaries and they Chinese Recorder. make the minds of the Koreans bad, and they plant the seeds of demo- JAPAN-cHOSEN cracy. * * * Cooperadve Cbrlsdan Elton "These missionaries consider it proper for the Koreans to say any- JAPAN has no less than three co- thing they want, if only they enter operative missionary organizations: the Christian schools. They make the Federation of Churches, the Con- the sta:ement of Wilson about the ference of Federated Missions and self-determination of nations, and the Continuation Committee. When hide behind their religion and stir one recalls that in addition to these; the Christian Literature Society of up the people. * * * Japan, the Japan Sunday School Un- ion, the Japan National Temperance "These missionaries who have League and the Japan Christian En- come out to Korea, their wisdom, deavor are all actively at work, it character and disposition is of the is seen that cooperative Christian low trash of the American nation. effort is in full SWing. Partly be- There is nothing of good that can be cause of the small size of Japan as said of their knowledge, character, compared with India, China or Af- and disposition." rica, cooperative endeavor has been more effective in Tapan than else- Christian Workers' Magazine. where. It is noteworthy also that the sessions and proceedings of these Prl('es Soar in Africa various organizations excite more general interest with the people and HERE ARE "parallel columns" the press than is the case even in from the mission finance ac- America or Great Britain when such counts at Nana Kru, Liberia. meetings take place. Cost of supporting one student for Intolerant Nationalism one year: THE PUBLIC schools of Japan 1914 1919 3 bags rice …………….$11.52 $54.00 . persistently use their influence 2 bags salt ……………. .60 1.92 ag-ainst Christianity. Dr. Albertus Pieters declares. Instead of allowing 1 tin kerosene …………. 1.50 5.04 advanced moral and religious ideas 4 shirts ……………….. 1.84 9.60. I pair khaki trousers …… 1.32 1.92 $16.78 $72-48 Is there any question that mission- . ary salaries should increase and that our giving to missions should be larger? Copy of Letter Re-Pastor's Outfit LePage Communion Cup Co. Ma..i1Ion. Ohio. Toronto, Ontario. UeL. 26, 1U11.

Dear Sirs:- We arA dell~bted witb our PIL<tor's Ontllt. It Is "II nnd everything that we could have asked or cxpcCl"d. we wonder bow we ever managed without one The Ladies are very proud or their purchase and wish me to thank you (or your kindness cunc'erdng postago. (ltc. We shall be glad to recommend your Oompany wbenever we ha';p an opportunity. and be iure that we are WELL SATIS~'lED CUSTO;IERS. Yours cordially, Mrs. Victor H. Honeck. SOO'y.

Copies of Letters Received froln Rev. LePage Com!llunlon Cup Co. Feb. 11, 1919. Bernard P. Smith. Toronto. Ontario. Dear SIr:- Christain Churd•• Kinston. N. C. Doo. 8. 1918. I was delighted with tbe Il1lver bread plates. and could scarcely wa.lt to bear tbe remarks of others be- LePage Communion Cup Co. fore writing you. they are tbe PI ettiest and m,..t satis- Toronto. Ontario. lactory I ever have ~oon and everyone I have heard trom Dear Sirs;- fools the same. Wo (hank you so mu('b tor your pains- taking etlorl8 to Ret u. tltis pattern and must congrat- ] am so glad that we have at IMt decided upon a Ulate Yf)U upon yonr SlretmB. bread plat.e. and send you an order for twelve sUver bread plates with lettering as enclosed copy. also You can confidently reter anyone to us about either che4ue to cover, value $9:l_00. trays. cups or plates. we could not re hetter pleased We are so ple…..d with our tray. and CUPS. I was In and Ibank you ffiOilt heartily. WlBhlng you every Richmond, Va. last Sunday and used the fiat top cups 8ucces. ill your good work. and Aluminum trays and thE: difference was Btrikingly in favor of the style 16 lhich we ha.ve. Yours cordially, (Signed) Bernard P. Smith. Re.pecttully. (Signed) Bernard P. Smith.

Mr. H. T. LePage. . June 13. 1919 Toronto, Ontario.

My dear Mr. LePage, I take this occasion to write you about the style 16 cuP'. and iubed O'lr wh~'e Crnl1Tl',)" Set. Arto p more than a year's use we are morf' t.ha.n over pleaqed w"th it. I havA ~is;k'd -revcral places wh3re th~ flat top cup. and metal .ell collooting trays are in use and Itave jUi, wislled tha, the kind we hwe COUld be suhstltuted for !bern. Ours are just a joy to us and I wisll I CO <lId i<lduce ail to buy this kind. The glas"es are so much pr' tier and easier to handle and to drink trom.

Yours cordially.

(Signed) Bernard P. Smith.] Copy of Letter received from Rev. C. A. Clark, Seoul, K:>rea, Japan.

LePage Communion Cup Co. March, 11. 1918. Toronto, Olltru io.

DearSirj- I hav~o~!l~af6ra!eOv!nWya:ai~ ~~~: ~~=;~t~r=i~~~c~:;~~-:??tni~n':;:t ~~~~;~a g~~~~e~1lre gi~g('r~W~~ ~~:b~k~haen~~n!'if tbaf~rm~b;~~~~br~k~V:b~e~tt 15 ~f t~~~~~uf6~b~~~. ant ~:~~. ~~::6dQgoc~~UD~~~ with it hundreds ot times. Yours very truly.

Charles Allen Clark.

(Since receiving the above letter:_ have shipped over 50 sets to Korea. aU Cash with Order.) LePage Commun!on:Cup Co. Brighton. Ontario. Toronto, Ont.• Nov. 1918.

GentleIPan;- r It Is with ple~sure tllat write this note whlcb wtll ,!ive you commend~"le pride from the tact that we in St. Andrews Churcb have uiled your cups tor the P':ol:t tour-teen or lUteen yea.rs with the greate-st sati-;faction. and have broken Just one. They have been wa.shed a.nd steriliz;ed four times a. yea.r since they were given to ~';~~~;o"~~~~.~,;;gO~~END.THEM TO ANY CHURCH NEEDING A SERVICE. Yours truly, B. C. H. Becker, Rep. Elder.

LePage Individual Communion Cup Co.

2382 Dundas Street, Toronto, Canada.

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me than all IDy Bible and theological work in coIIep." – – – – – – MAIL COUPON TODAY.——., Mother corrMPondent writes: A II lady laat evening told THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE. I me that abe and her hushand were both saved from. Dept. 5783, 153 Institute Place, ChiUIO, IlL I Christian Science by the ChriAtian F …idencea Cour8e and Send me your proapeetUll giving ctNDpJeH 111- I that a friend of hen had alao been aaYed f….oln Christian ScIence by MID.!' forma"oll regaMlDg your elghi 0 0 _ ID 0Dmt- II .lD.other _ye, "What marvelous light I aln recelring I spoadence BIble 6tudy. =-uya~-:uz~i:.o~r(S;hl~~~ ';~h-:)'pre~~~ ~::~ N ….._________________________________________.. I that n.". I understand..,t The Bible Institute Moody AII…._________________________________.._…….. II ,———————–'———————_. Dept. 5783, 153 Institute Place,Chicl,•• IH. I —————————————- I Ple..e mention T •• IlISSION.AlI':Y RltVIJ;W 0" T.I: WO:aI.8 in writio. to .dyertiaera Are You Interested Here's in Motion Pictures? Free IF 50- Proof That The'ZENITH YOU CAN HEAR!

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XIII

Your Good Intentions Have You Insured Them?

You intend to leave your BUT If you were to die toestate so as to amply pro- – day, what would bevide for your wife or your come of your good dependents. in ten tions? What have you done to in- You intend to devote part sure them? of your money to the advancement of God's Kingdom through the medium of Horne and Foreign Missions.

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Pleue mention TB~ MJSSIONAllY RltVIXW 0" 'rD. WORP a writing to advertiser.

Protestantism in France and

RECONSTRUCTION PLANS FOR 1920 OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL'S COMMISSION Christianity throughout the world owes a debt to the Huguenot churches and people which it can never repay, and it has been accumulating interest for centuries.

But the French and Belgian Protestant churches have a present and a future, as well as a noble past. All the Latin countries are more profoundly influenced by what takes place in France than in any other country in the world. No other protestant Church in Europe and America, in proportion to its membership and its resources, is conducting a more splendid piece of foreign missionary work than the Protestant Church of France. "It is simply wonderful and almost unbelievable." France is on the border 0" the Moslem advance. The two greatest unoccupied masses of people in the world can best be approached by strengthening the hand of Christianity in France.

In Paris alone there were, in 1914, eight thousand foreign students. "France is leading Latin-Europe, Latin-America, the Balkan States, the Levant, French Moslem Africa, Indo-China,-but whither?"

As they have done so many times before, the Huguenot people and institutions of France are now forming their plan3 which they have faith to believe, with the cooperation of the American churches, will lead to the evangelization of the nation they so dearly love.

. While the French evangelical churches are numerically small, their moral influence is great. Protestantism in France must not be counted, it must be weighed. Its inlluence is especially strong in political and civic life. Protestants are highly respected by the French people and their moral and spiritual power is acknowledged by the nation.

THE WAR AND THE FRENCH CHURCHES Prior to the war there were about one thousand Protestant churches in France. Oneeighth of these churches, including many of the most well to do and most inlluential; were under fire in the industrial districts of the invaded north. In some instances every article of value-the communion sets, altars, etc.,-were taken away by the Germans, the churches damaged and many totally destroyed.

About one hundred and thirty churches and other parish buildings were ruined-by fire, bombardment, pillage and wanton destruction. Twenty-eight pastors' homes were destroyed. The loses among the Protestant congregations were often enormous. In many churches forty to sixty men never returned. In addition, these people in the path of the fighting were of course scattered, and their churches were entirely crippled. For these reasons it is estimated that at least two hundred churches have been closed, awaiting repair, rebuilding, the finding of a pastor, or the return of the people.

The sum required (at pre-war prices) for the reconstruction of the churches was estimated at more than 4;500,000 francs and for furniture of both churches and manses, 475,000 francs. The actual cost of the materials cannot be given exactly but in many ca~es it has quadrupled. A carefully prepared budget submitted by the United Protestant Committee for War Relief in France and Belguim shows the urgent need of $975,000 for onstruction work during 1920. They are looking to the churches and agencies that cooperate through the Federal Council's Commission on Relations with France and Belgium to supply these funds. What will be the answer of the Christian people of our great and prosperous nation?

The Commission on Relations with France and Belgium, of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. lOS East 2nd Street, New York, N. Y.

"x. P1eue mention 1']111 )[]II'O• .u.y RtYu,.. 0. WOIILD in writinr to adTertioen Five New Books for the Churches published by the Interchurch World Movement of North America Inter-church World Survey In two volumes, containing revised survey statements and budget which were presented at tJ~"f~!Cw~:&. presenting the most complete survey of Christian Missionary Enterpnses through- Indlspensahle to Pastors, Teachers, Sunday Schools, Adult Bible Classes. MIssion Study Groups, Student Associations and similar organizations. Library Edition. 8xll in.; Board Covers, printed in 2 colors; two volumes, including Statistical Mirror. Price, (cash with order) $2.00 per set. Handy Volume Edition. .5~x8; Board Covers, printed in 2 colors; two volumes includ- ing Statistical Mirror. Price, (cash with order) $1.00 per set.

The Church and the Community By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER A Study Book for the Churches ~In~t~~~:!i~~r W::'!;o~.t~fo~:~~o~:~~~b=,~!ag,~;::;."~~f!': ~~~:r;.:'~:~g~~~ ~:~:~l~ ~~8~c~mJ:t:;~~,f ~tn~~u~:~~:.~v.~o~~~ti;~oM~::ea~~:" ~~J:;:!: ~d HOUSing." and "Community Leadership." _ Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; prepaid A New Book on the Near East By WILLIAM H. HALL 01 the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut l The story of the Near East up to date; It. history, lI"O!foapily, religion, education. and aspirations, ~3 =:.n~. Bj:;~b~t~~elre~e°f'.='~~~e~i!l~l~"t"u:'E~i.JSJn~te~~:&~~ the complex political and religiou. situation which Is of vital concern to Anulrica.. – • Maps and Illustrations. Cloth, 7S cents; paper, 50 cents • (READY IN MARCH) Frank Higgins: Trail Blazer By THOMAS D. WHITTLES A Book for Yaune People.

The stirring story of Frank Hillglo•. pioneer 10 Christian work among the lumberjacks'ot the north.

book. The original character ot Higros' mlnl.t'1' made him .. m ..n of mark. Afte)J.ears otJO~"1 service ~~n~:a.;sfrir:r~f U::::;e~s!~eb~:~dsdTn ~~~:,~i:~~d~~e~onored II work. _ his . Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper,.50c; postpaid.

Order from your Denominational Board ·or from the -. Interchurch World Movement of 'North America, SALES DEPARTMENT 45 West 18th Street New York City Pleue mention THII H,IIIO.UlIY REvlI'" 01' 'fHII WOlILD in wrltinc to adYertiaen NOW IN PREPARATION—READY SOON Work and Play in the Grenfell Mission B Hugh Payne Creeley, M. D., and;Floretta E. Creeley I ntrod uction tj New light on the work of the Grenfell Mission in Labrador. A by Dr. Crenfell work of unusual interest te!ling of the difficulties overcome and the beneficent work accomplished among fisher folk.,;in an isolated, out- or-the-way corner of the world. Net, $1.50 Korea's Fight for Freedom By F. A. McKenzie "Shows how the Japanese, having failed to win the Christian Churches of Northern Korea to support their plans for absorbing the Korean people, are now seeking to destroy them. Mr.

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By the Famous Author-of "A Student in Arms"

200,000 SOLD IN AMERICA Letters of Donald Hankey With Introduction and Notes by Edward Miller, M.'A.

A volume of personal letters, possessing an interest difficult to overestimate. Intimate, human. appealing; Hankey's college days; the years in Australia, and the fateful mcnthshe spentin France as one of the immortal "First Hundred Thousand," and where he made the supreme sacrifice.

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"I wish a copy could be p laced in the hands of every minister."-WILLIAM HIRAM FOm.KSS. Cloth, $1.75 net Fleming H. Revell Company, Publishers 158 Fifth Ave. New York 17 No. Wabash Ave., Chicago Please mention THB MIsSIONARY RlIlvmw OF THB WORLD in writing to advertlseN

Sacrament of the Lord's

gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanitary Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throughout, including the highly polished -beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion servIce all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations).

NOTE–In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 600 57th Street ilit:i~. y~~rS~~~dl~atli~. ne.ty::a~~t:~i! Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern. sanitary communion CUP. let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

P1eaae mention THE M,SS,OIfAIIY lbIvuIw oJ '1'•• WOaI.D In wrltiq to adYertiaen

I N the heart of New York

a st~p from the mighty Hudson, has been gathered together an organization of Master-Craftsmen who love their work, and each is an artist of proven ability_ These men work in Bronze-the metal Imperishable-which lends itself so well to impressive, dignified, and artistic fashioning. But the metal itself-although these men expend their efforts only upon the finest of Genuine Bronze-"is to a Work of Art what the canvass is to a picture-simply the vehicle upon which the artist molds his human magic.

And it is this puman touch developed by natural talent and years of experience which makes of the rough casting a Masterpiece. Such are the things which come from the Liberty Bronze Works, 611 West 49th St., New York, and in recognition of true worthiness, the name has spread to every corner of our own America, and many shipments are consigned to the far-off States of Washington, Texas, Florida, etc., each of which usually results in a letter of gratification from the customer.

The Testimonial Tablets to replace Service Flags are particularly attractive, made as they are in many artistically correct desi~s, and in sizes which offer a wide range of prices.

Such Testimonials should be erected with impressive ceremony wherever people congregate, for the sacrifice and heroism of our own brave lads in the World War should be honored forever by some visible mark of appreciation. Will you please write for booklet No. 23-A describing the various designs and start a movement towards this glorious cause?

Please mention TH:C JrlISSIOKAlty RitvlJtw 01' 'l'H. WORI.,D in writing to advertisers

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1920

XLIII

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ JANUARY, 1920 SOME SIGNS OF THE TIMES PLANNING FOR A BETTER ENGLAND OUTLOOK FOR THE Y. M. C. A THE CHINESE IN AMERICA RELIGION IN SOVIET RUSSIA POLITICS AND MISSIONS IN MEXICO THE CHALLENGE OF THE WORLD'S NEED HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN ASIA MINOR JAMES L. BARTON THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO ARTHUR T. UPSON THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA S. HALL YOUNG THE GARDEN REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AMERICA WILLIAM H. RAINEY $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK AND 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY

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DELA VAN L. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1920 FRONTISPIECE-MAKING THE BEST OF POOR EQUIPMENT.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . • . . . . • • • • . . . . . . . .

PLANNING FOR A BETTER ENGI,AND RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN SOVIET RUSSIA CHRISTIANIZING CHINESE IN AMERICA THE CHANGING MOHAMMEDAN WORLD POLITICS AND M,SSIONS IN MEXICO EVIDENCES OF INDIA'S PROGRESS NEW OUTLOOK FOR THE Y. M. C. A. OPPOSITION TO CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA PoSSIIDLITIES IN SIAM EDITORIAL COMMENT . . . . . . • 11 THI~ WORLD'S NEED FOR LEADERSHIP RELIGIOUS WORK FOR THE ARMY AND NAVY THE COST OF THE WAR THE CHALLENGE OF THE WORLD'S NEED By REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D. D. 15 A view of the appalling need of men in all parts of the world for the things that only Christ can give.

THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN ASIA MINOR By REv. JAMES L. BARTON, D. D. 21 A report of conditions and prospects as seen by the chairman of the Near East Relief Committee, who has recently returned from Turkey.

THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD. . . . By REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. 28 A missionary Bible study, showing the sources of belief in God through Christianity.

THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO. . • . • By ARTHUR T. UPSON 29 A description of the fight against sin in the metropolis of Egypt during th" .war and after.

1'HE PRINCIPLES OF WAR APPLIED TO MISSIONS By G. S. EDDY, LL. D. 34 THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA. . . • By Rm. S. HALL YOUNG, D. D. 35 THE BELGIAN GOSPEL MISSION. . . By MRS. RALPH C. NORTON 43 THE GARDEN REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AMERICA By WILLIAM H. RAINEY 47 A NON-DENOMINATIONAL COMMUNITY CHURCH . . . . • • . 53 BEST METHODS FOR THE NEW YEAR . Edited by MRs. E. C. CRONK 54 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN Edited by FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 61 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS . 65 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY .. . . 80 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Cop.yrighted, 1919, by Missionary Re,ojew Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. JS6 FIFTH AVE•• NEW YORK CITY.

RoBItRT E. SPI!ltR, Prtsident DltI.AVAN L. P~ON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President W Ar.ntR McDOUGALL, Treasurer Our National Service-International Obligations As in the Christmas rronth the Presbyterian Church is stressing through its Board of Foreign Missions its great responsi1::ility to the lands overseas, so in January throl'gh its Board of Home Missions it will center its attention on its solemn 0 bligations for NATIONAL SERVICE.

"That man's the best cosmopolite who loves his native country best." God's love and grace know no native country; they are not delimited by racial boundries. But-and let's think deeply of this-the more profoundly impressed Christians become with the need and power of Christ's Gospel in their own lives, home and country, the more certainly they will recognize their inescapable obligatio'll to carry this Gospel to all other lands.

America's Hour Has Struck She needs, the world needs, IMPERATIVELY, adequate leadership to deliver mankind from a turmoil of trial, sucb as it has seldom known and to guide it into plains of noble aspirations and dynamic deeds, failure to attain which in the past caused the crisis. There is only One hope of such leadership. It's the overpowering· truth of the Christian religion.

Here is the supreme NEED of the world and the supreme OPPORTUNITY of the church. And not alone opportunity, but responsibility as well, solemn and insistent.

Are we A mericans enough to catch the force of this striking hour? Are we Christians enough to hurl all that we have and all that we are into the response? General Assembly calls on all Presbyterians to study their INTERNATIONAL OBLIGA- TIONS in December and in January their NATIONAL TASKS.

Study to know-know to do.

THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT OF :THE PRES- BYTERIAN CHURCH, U. S. A .. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.

PI….. mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writIng to advertls6r11 EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT DON'T MISS BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION Caroline Atwater Mason's I T IS always enCl:!uraging to receive letters from our subscribers telling LATEST STORY us how they have been helped by THE REVIEW and how it has been an Conscripts of inspiration to them. Those letters do a great deal to bind readers and Conscience publishers closer together and strengthen the feeling that we are all A STORY PLEA FOR one, working, and planning, and WORLD MISSIONS praying for the same great cause. We are glad to have your letters and Mrs. Mason's previous works hope that even more wili be sent. have created for her an enviable reputation for pungont, witty, There is another way you can ex- humorous, pathetic writirg. Her press your appreciation of THE: RE- latest is a fascinatirg tal~ of to- nF.W Telf your friel1ds about it. day that will hold you as has no You know how it has helped you and other story in a long time. a few words from you will do ml1ch more than many from us, because it It is a plea in story form for hI; been personally recommended by volunteers for Medical Mission a friend or fellow-worker. THE RE work in the Orient by a writer 'I£W ret:ds you as its friend and co- of recognized literary gifts. It vorker if its influence and usefulness has to do with the heroic and is to spread as widely as it should- sacrificial, much like that which and could with your cooperation. has been in continual evidence Every new subscriber represents to during the World War. us deeper interest, larger gifts, more earnest prayers, and greater service. It's a parallel field of oppor- Will you help us in our effort to tunity here presented and a reach more people with its monthly theme which has every promise message? Who is the fi rst person to of equal stimulus to times of whom you are going to introduce peace. Here is a book that you THF: RevIEw? wouldn't miss for a great deal, if you knew its contents. Join those who have formed "In- troduction Committees of one" to se- GET IT TODA Y! cure their friends' subscriptions for THE ReVIew because of its value to AUTHOR OF them in theiT work and personally. vVhen you send us your renewal send THE LITTLE GREEN GOD, etc. us the subscription of someone who does not receive "The Indispensable Only $1.00 net Missionary Magazine." If your re- newal is not due yet, don't wait; but send that friend's subscription im- mediately. We are counting on you Will you join the Introduction Com- mittee?

TOOKER MEMORIAL HOME At aU Booksellers or of th~ Publishers Tn the November ReVIew, page 895, is a statement in regard to the FLEMING H. REVELL co. Tooker Memorial for Chinese Chil- chen, which has caused much concern New Yor., 158 Fifth Ave. Chicago, 17 N. Wabash Ave. to .Yliss Cameron, the head of the Continued on page VI Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisQr! Desire Duty So often they are opposed. Perhaps they seem irreconcilable- You want to help the splendid BUT You have your wife–perhaps work of Missions; you want a dependent relative–to proyour money to serve humanity vide for. If you devote your by advancing the Kingdom of money to the. Church, who God- will fulfill this obligation?

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For complete details of the plan address: George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenu ( New York city. or W. ]. Elliott. Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers CHAT Continued from page IV Ul appeal for a study oj Home, The little building now oc- the Bible. No other cupied in Oakland, California, cost- Book oj any kind eVer ing seven or eight thousand dollars, written haa 80 affeded was purchased largely with funds furnished by Miss Mary Tooker and the whole l i f e 01 a her sister, whose generous gift made the home possible. The new Home, people~11 which is very much needed, will cost $150,000, and all of this money is Theodore Roosevelt. yet to be raised.

M EN whose lives were shaped 8 Bible STUDENT VOLUNTEER CON- by the Bible laid the founda· Study VENTION tions of American freedom. Courses Thia marvelous Book ha~ moulded The Student Volunteer Convention earth's loftiest characters. It meets which meets in Des Moines, Iowa, the deepest need and every need of December 31-January 4, God willevery man and woman, It charts ing, expects to have a record attendthe only path to rea1 and lasting success. ance of delegates from the principal educational institutions in the United NGI/ilng ;. m…. neetkd in Am·eritJa toooy tlwn Bibl, Study, and States and Canada. Over 6,000 trw the great lIl&Jority the most satisfactory method is by members of faculty and student CGmsiK>ndaaoe, The bodies have expressed their intention to attend. The moming and even- Moody Bible Institute's ing sessions will be in the Coliseum, and the afternoons will be devoted to Correspondence Department section meetings which will discuss =w ' " JIMIOIIi! under instruction the past year in one or more various phases of mission work, the .. jUCar.ieIpoJuieDce Cour~8. More than 40 oocupations and different countries, and denomina- .any ages and nationalities were represented. There tional enterprises, Dr. John R. Mott will be chairman, and among the . . t Courses from which to choose. speakers expected are Dr. Robert E, Speer, Miss Una Saunders of To- , Bible students are in great demand for Christian MTioe at home and abroad. Whether in the home, ohurch ronto, Dr. J. H, Franklin of Boston, Rev. J. H, Oldham of Great Britain, lWIwolor the business world this tmining is of inestimable value: Mr. Sam Higginbottom of India. Dr. Enroll N.ow! ~~. ~~ce~nd ~;:~~~1 of~f~ld; Samuel M, Zwemer of Cairo and Mr. under your own control. Send at once for Free Prospectus Sherwood Eddy.

desoribing our eight Courses in detail THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Dept. 5781 153 Institute Place, Chicago MAKING MISSIONS REAL Interpretations and Map-Talks for Teen Age Groups By JAYS. STOWELL INCREASING THE PRICE AND OTHERS You would not be surprised if the price· of the REVIEW were in- "We believe it will meet a real creased to $3.00 on January 1st. need in the missionary education of Would you object? The cost of onr young people,"-R, D, Webb, labor, of rent, of manufacture have General Secretary, South Carolina increased from 20% to 100% in the Sunday School Association, past four years. It would be fair to increase the subscription price Net, 75 cents postpaid 20%. The directors of the REVIEW have decided, howev,er, not to in- THE ABINGDON PRESS crease the price at present because we wish to help our subscribers NEW YORK (Founded 1789) CINCINNATI keep down the high cost of living. In return you can help us by getting new subscribers at the old rate of $2.50 a year. (Foreign subscriptions are $3.00 or 12 shillings, including postage,) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers

THE BEST OF POOR

Inside the Old Dispensary of the American Mis-sion in Koweit, Arabia

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL JANUARY, 1920 XLIII PLANNING FOR A BETTER ENGLAND W HAT NATIONS have learned the lesson that God would have them learn from the war1 In America national prohi- . bition of intoxicating drink has been established, money is – given more freely, but there is still the same extravagance, unrest and selfishness. ]'rance has suffered and at first turned her thoughts Godward, but now is again becoming thoughtless in religious mattel's; Russia has overthrown the Czar's autocracy but knows nothing of law and freedom; Italy and the Balkan States are turbulent and self-seeking; Turkey is dismembered but unrepentant, and is uninstructed in righteousness; Germany and Austria are defeated but are hoping some day to retaliate. England, with problems almost too great for her to grapple with, is torn by factions and disputes. Will Great Britain learn her lesson ~ Recently the Council of Christian congregations representing one hundred and twenty churches of Manchester drew up a manif,esto urging the establishment of a better England, socially, industrially and religiously. The objectives sought include (1) an adequate wage, so that families may be brought up in health and vigor; (2) l'easonable leisure for every man, for the development of life and the use of things God has given all men richly to enJoy; (3) dwellings and surroundings which shall make for virtue and happiness; (4) a liooral education, based on a religious foundation, within the reach of all.

As disciples of Christ these congregations are committed to the following principles: (1) that every soul is of infinite and equal value, because all are children of one Fa,ther; (2) that while the production of wealth in the interests of the community is a Christian duty, the pursuit of personal gain as a main ·end of life is not only un- Christian but anti-Christian; (3) that as Christians are members one of another, therefore they have mutual obligations of service; 1

(4) that society has the duty towards its members of seeing that all have the opportunity to live a good life; (5) that there is a grave responsibility resting upon every man to labor with all his strength for the common good, constrained and inspired by the great love wherewith Christ hath loved us.

The. spirit of distrust and suspicion will be removed as Christ's teachings are followed, and to this He is calling all people everywhere. It is not enough, however, to see the ideal. There must also be the power to attain that ideal.

CHRISTIANIZING CHINESE IN AMERIOA A T our own doors in the Metropolis of America and in the Metropolis of California there have been for years Chinese quarters where temples, or ' ,Joss Houses," theaters, opium dens and other Oriental institutions that have been looked upon by Americans chiefly as curiosities. Christian work has been carried on in these quarters in a small way but no adequate organized p-ffort has been made to Christianize them. The earthquake in San Francisco destroyed Chinatown but it has been rebuilt and is again a heathen show place for sightseers. New York's Chinatown has been affected by a different kind of earthquake. It has now a Christian Chinese Mayor, Lee Tow, and has been transformed if not wholly regenerated. Not all the people have become Christians but the Joss House has been closed and the public idols destroyed or dethroned.

Some years ago when this picturesque but vice-ridden quarter was the haunt of the "white slave trader" and the opium and gambling joints flourished, Lee Tow came to Chinatown and began. to seek out those Chinese who wore Christians. Gradually he gathered a following, although it was slow work, and recently the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association elected him as President, the first Christian who ever held the office in Chinatown. The former "Joss House" is now the headquarters of the Benevolent A ,sociatum and the old bell with which worshippers -ere wont to drive away evil spirits and the gilded carving on which they tried their "luck" before embarking on any enterprise, are only relics of the past superstition.

Another encouraging sign of the fruit of Christian influence on. Orientals, in America is the work among Chinese students at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. For more than five years members of the Chinese Students Club of the University have met regularly each Sunday afternoon to study and discus.s the Christian religion and other vital topics with the General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., J. Mark Frey, as their leader, these men are endeavoring to absorb the best that the western world has to give so

SIGNS OF THE TIMES J

as to qualify themselves for positions of responsibility upon their return to China. Such topics as the following are discussed in the class: "How did we get the Bible ~ ", "Christian Internationalism," .. The Difference between a Moral man and a Christian man," "The Christian Ideal of Service," " Unity of Protestant Churches," .. Christianity and the War," and "Prohibition." As one result, .mch year one or more of these young men havu become Christians, Church members and effective missionaries among their fellows. One of them who recently entered the University as a pagan became in his senior year Chairman of the Missionary Committee and upon his return to China, has continued his Christian work.

A NEW OUTLOOK B'OR THE Y. M. C. A.

A LITTLE over fifty years ago, in 1868, the American Young Men's Christian Association held its llat lonal convention in Detroit. There were then 257 associations in the United States and Canada, with a membership of about 50,000; and property and funds amounting to some $700,000. There were only about twenty emploY(ld officers giving all their time to the work. At that Convention the first General Secretary of the Association was elected. The program of work included only general religious activities, and was confined to the United States, Canada and the British Isles.

On November 19, 1919, the' International Association met in Detroit again to hold its fortieth Convention. 'l'here are now 2,077 associations in the United States and Canada, with a membership of over 750,000 and property valued at $107.870,000. The number of employed offioers and staff, giving all their time to Association work is 5,076. These men conduct not only general religious and. social work, but physical training, educational classes, Bible schools, and various vocational and cultural classes. There are 129,000 men enrolled in Bible classes alone. The work has spread over all the world. The International Committee has 164 special secretaries on the home field, and 196 abroad. At this Convention, there were present some 4,500 delegates from Canada, from the various states of the Union, and from many foreign lands.

The outstanding f(lature of the Convention was its emphasis on the evangelical Christian basis and purpose of the work. It was frankly acknowledged that in many cases the physical, social and intellectual activities have obscured the r(lligious; and that in some cases there has been a tendency to make the Association a substitute for the Church. The repOl:ts of Committees and the speakers at the Convention stood firmly for a return to the higber ideals and standards of the Association.

FIRST: The supremacy of the religious purpose of the enter-

prise was proclaimed, with itf' dependence on spiritual forces and the need for deeper prayer life among employed officers and members.

SECOND: The maintenance of the evangelical basis was agreed upon. All officers and active members must be full members of evangelical churches-those accepting Christ as the Son of God and only Saviour of men. Dr. John Timothy Stone gave a power" ful opening address on the text: "I am not aRhamed of the Gospel of Christ, for it iR the power of God unto salvation." The Convention voted in favor of giving special aUention. to the selection and training of secretaries, with emphasis on thorough training in the religious aims of the Association, the meaning of the Christian doctrines, and in religious activities.

THIRD: The evangelistic aim of the Association was brought forward. On the la.st evelling of the Convention fifty evangelistic meetings were held in various churches of Detroit, under the general direction of Dr. Sherwood Eddy. At these meetings evangelistic messages were given, and men were invited to make a definite decision for Christ.

FOURTH: In connection with Dr. W. Douglas Mackenzie's careful report on "The Relation of the Y. M. C. A. to the Church- .es," some failures of the past rwere mentioned, and several constructive recommendations were proposed. The local associations were instructed to work in closest harmony with evangelical churches, cooperating with them in all forms of Christian activity and avoiding any spirit of rivalry. The Convention authorized the appointment of a Commission to enter into negotiations with the various evangelical denominations with a view to a careful study of the relation between thE' churches and the Association, and to outline a program of work for the coming year.

The Young Men's Christian Association has been a mighty force for good in the life of young men, not only in America but all over the world. It has, through its buildings and secretaries, made homes for many who were strangers in cities and torwns. It has brought the claims of Christ to uncounted multitudes; has conducted hundredR of thousands of Bible classes; has given many educational opportunities to thoRe who would otherwise have been deprived of them; has assisted many thousands of young men to select careers of Christian service; has developed a boys' department. which has touched the lives of many boys in their teens.

With a new emphasis on the religious and the spiritual, and with the exercise of greater care. in the selection of secretaries, we look for a period of fltill larger usefulness for this great organization. The Young Men's Christian Association will succeed in proportion as its leaders sYf'tematically put "first things first."

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

POLITICS AND MISSIONS TN MEXICO POLITICAL complications between the United States and Mex- ico are hindering the return to normal conditiowl. This is true religiously as well as politically. There are, however, signs of real missionary progress in the rpdistribution of territory among evangelical missions and the reestablishment of evangelistic and educational work, which has been interrupted by the years of revolution and unrest.

The Mexican Secretary of State now proposes to rescind the stringent anti-religious educational provisions of the new Constitution. The present law provideR for freedom of teaching, except that it must be non-sectarian, not ollly in schools and colleges under Government control but in private institutions. No religious association or minister may conduct or teach ill primary schools. This provision prevents Protestant as ~well as Roman Catholic religious teaching in schools. The new article reads: "There shan be full freedom of teaching, but it must be non-sectarian in [he official educational institutions, and prima"." and secondary education given in the same centers must he gratuitous. Priv2te educational institutions must be subject to official programs and supervision."

This permits priva.te schools, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, to trach religion; and will open the way for increased activity by both Romanists and by evangelical mission workers.

'rhe fcar felt by Roman Catholics hecause of growing evangelical sympathy among the people is sern ill the recent edict, issued by the Archbishop of Chihuahua, relative to the excommunication of all persons who send their children to Protestant schools. This seems to show that the Roman Catholic clergy are alarmed by the success of the various schools in Chihuahua, such as Palmore College and Chihuahuense, the International School, and the German College, in which no Roman Catholic instruction is given and two of which are Protestant institutions. The Mexican paper, "El Mundo Christiano" says: "Weare surprised at the lack of humor displayed by the Roman Catholic prelates. To excommunicate for aims of this nature ill these times is not cause for fear, but for amusement. But even if a Roman Catholic prelate believes that he is not required to have a normal sense of humor, he should be practical Ll1 his defence of the Roman faith. In Yucatan, the threats of the archbishop served to advertise a Protestant school. You should be more careful, Messrs. Archbishops; it is necessary to be practical. You should not give advertisements gratis."

Because of this publicity, many families sent their children to Protestant schools in Yucatan.

As for tIle political unrest, American busines.s interests generally favor the establishment of stability in Mexico by the armed intervention of the United States. The spokesmen for these in-

teresis think that American patience has been exercised long enough, and that the time has come to act energetically so as to put an end to the reign of terror from bandits, and the destruction of American life and property. They believe that intervention must eventually come in the interests of world ·peace and progress, and that the sooner it comes the better.

Protestant missionarips on th8 other lmnd are opposed to such intervention. They sympath~ze with the Carranza government in the difficulties that harass it, and report that the country is quieting down and gradually returning to normal conditions. These mis- sionaries have no fillancial or pol ltical aims, but only seek the good of the people. They repr8sent millions of dollars and hundreds of lives that have been invested in Mexico with an unselfish purpose. They have been the most influential force to raise the standards of liberty, justice, altruism and education among the Mexicans. As a result, the present government recognizes the value of .evangelical missions and many graduates of their schools are in positions of authority or influence. The missionaries know the people and the situation, and thpir advice is unselfish and in harmony with the higher ideals of modern times.

A Mexican Protestant preacher recently declared that intervention in Mexico by the United States would mean the destruction of all American mission work. Protestant pastors in Mexico have been accused by their enemies of having been bought with Yankee gold, but they have continued their work in the confidence that the Gospel of Ohrist is Mexico's greatest need. In case of intervention these pastors would be obliged to take their stand against their American friends. Under Oarranza '8 government there has been general religious freedom, and a growing interest has been manifested by the people in the Gospel. The Protestant churches of Mexico Oity, Puehla, Guadalajara, Monterey and elsewhere are crowded. A recent report of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, declares tllat "Those in government circles are decidedly in favor of encouraging the development of Protestantism; many of the restrictions that served to retard mission work in the past are being removed, such as prohibiting the teaching of religion in primary schools, denying foreign clergymen the privilege of preaching the Gospel and forbidding the ownership of property by religious corporations. Students from the theological school in Mexico Oity say that a few weeks ago members of the Senate spent several days discmsing the superiority of evangelical religion, and advocated its acceptance throughout the country. The almost deadly blow that has been given Romanism during the recent revolutions gives evangelical churches an opportunity for spreading the Gospel such as h:;ts never been known before. Possibly there can be no clearer· evidence of Divine interposition in the affairs

of Mexico than the readiness of the people to buy and read the Bible. They are hungry for the Word of God."

Evangelical Christian work has been carried on in Mexico almost entirely under American auspices, and many believe that it would be set back one hundred years by an American invasion. Mexicans are willing to accept spiritual help from the United States in working out their problems, but they bitterly oppose political interference or armed intervention. This is a crucial time for evangelical missions in Mexico. Opportunity means responsibility.

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN SOVIET RUSSIA A MEMBER of the British Military Mission at Omsk writes that, as a Christian, he cannot see without regret the dis- appearance of Ohristianity among the gifted people of Russia, who will probably become one of the great races of the 'World. There is danger of the further retrogre.ssion of the Russians religiously. because evangelical Christians of England and America are taking no adequate steps to give them the Gospel and to train leaders.

The legal obstacles, that formerly prevented evangelical work among the adherents of the Russian Church, have now disappeared, but in the mean time the masses of the people are without religious instruction.

A strong movement has recently begun among the laity and clergy of the Russian Church in Bolshevist Russia. The Muzhiks are convinced that Lenin is Anti-Christ, and as a result the Soviets are alarmed. In Omsk, a detachment of crusaders has been formed to fight against the Reds in defense of the Christian faith as menaced by Bolshevism. These Crusaders wear a large cross on their uniforms. The vice-president of the movement has asked the British Military Mission in Siberia for Bibles in Russian, and other non-sectarian religious literature will be welcomed.

It is time that adequate assistance from America and England be given to these Russians who are groping for the light. A "Russian Bible Evangelization Society" has recently been founded in America with Mr. George C. Howes of Boston as President; Dr. Howard Kelly of Baltimore, Mr. Sidney Smith of Oanada, and Dr. David J. Burrell of New York, as Vice-Presidents; Col. E. N. Sanctuary, of Washington, as Treasurer; and Mr. Pertelevitch Raud of Russia, as Secretary. This Society plans to conduct work for the giving of the Gospel to Russia. The Gospel Committee, founded to distribute Christian literature among Russian prisoners of war, is sending Gospels and other literature to Omsk and elsewhere. Another enterprise is Pastor William Fetler's "Russian Missionary and Educational Society" which is now training Rus-

sians in America to become Christian teachers and evangelists in their own country.

Russia has in its vast domain 180,000,000 people, most of whom have never been educated to know the true significance of the Gospel of Christ. It is time that American Christians extend a helping hand to these distressed people in their hour of need. The workers will face difficulties, but none greater than those faced by the Apostles in the first century.

THE CHANGING MOHAMMEDAN WORLD MOSLEMS can never be what they were before the war. They are being modernized, and it rests largely with Chris- tians to say whether they will become more dangerous neighbors or better world citizens. They are not only adopting new ideals of government and business, and calling for modern books and machinery, but they are changing their social customs and religious ideas. The people are seeking western education. Women long suppressed; are breaking away from their ignorance and seclusion. Cairo recently had a Moslem women's parade, where women lowered their veils and addressed crowds on the street corners. A talented Christian woman preached a sermon in a conservative Cairo mosque that had previously excluded all women. European dress and institutions are being copied throughout Egypt, Syria and Turkey. Will they take also the higher spiritual ideals with the intellectual and material f "Official state religions, " says Professor Wendell Cleland of Cairo University, "have collapsed in the Near East, Moslems have lost confidence and old leaders are desperate. There was never before such a spirit of inquiry into religious matters."

Unrest is everywhere, and as the leaders of the people and the proletariat seek better things for themselves they must be guided to distinguish between false and true ideals and values. They must see the worth of honesty, the blessing of unselfishness and the necessity of Godliness. That there is a trend toward Christ among many Moslems is shown by the efforts of mullahs to keep the earnest and intelligent Moslems from deserting Islam.

EVIDENCES OF PROGRESS IN INDIA"

O NE effect of the war, says Dr. H. D. Griswold, has been to break down the natural isolation of India, as nothing else has ever done. The rapidly increasing literacy in English has contributed to this, as well as the number of Indian students who have studied in Britain and America. The rank and file of India's population, from multitudes of villages all over the land, have now * Based on an article by Dr. Griswold in the Indian Standard.

SIGNS 'OF THE TIMES

come into touch with the outside world so that India will be more closely bound up with the other nations. One result is a larger preparedness on the part of the Indian people to listen thoughtfully to all sorts of messages, including the Gospel message. In order to meet the new and enlarged situation there is need of better equipment and large reinforcements. We must devise large things, expect great things and attempt great things. The only limits are those that God places.

The British Government's policy to foster "the progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire" is a most momentous pronouncement. Responsible government is to come gradually, so that it is hoped that by the time this is introduced the Indian Church may be able to carry much larger responsibilities'than now. As there is to be "the progressive realization of responsible government" in the State, so there must be in the Church. The presence of the national spirit in the churches is proved by the large number of articles appearing on the relation between Church and missions, and by local difficulties in various places. A spirit of self-assertion is a sign of adolescence. It is a sign of growth. There will be numerous changes in mission organization in the near future, so as to allo'W of a larger degree of initiative in the Indian Church. The Church is to be magnified as the permanent instrument of evangelization in India.

Women of India are finding a larger sphere of service, and constitute a special field of effort for the 'Women of the West. India's womanhood must be raised, educated and helped to advance along with the womanhood of Britain and America. For this great task there must be suitable training, normal, medical and collegiate. There is reason to expect a great development of education among Indian women during the next twenty-five years.

Lastly, there are sign,; in India of many social reforms along the lines of temperance, child marriage, temple prostitution, and the improvement of child training and home life. But what India needs most of all, and the requisite of all true success, is the knowledge of God and the power that comes through a true acceptance of Jesus Christ.

OPPOSITION TO CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA SOME reports from miss:ionaries and travelers in China would seem to indicate that the whole country is ready to receive Christ and to join the Christian churches. This is far from true and it is fortunate that there is no wholesale reception of untrained church members, otherwise the new converts could not be assimilated and educated, but would form a weak and semi-Christian Church.

While there are many reasons for encouragement in the number

of inquirers, including educated leaders that are accepting Christianity, there is still determined indifference or opposition on the part of the multitudes. Dr. E. W. Smith, who has recently returned from a visit to China, says that to the superficial observer the progress of the Gospel seems to be amazingly slow, but to one who understands the difficulties of the situation the wonder is that there is any progress at all. The worship of ancestors, and other laws and customs are so deeply rooted that it seems impossible for the Chinese to break away from them. There are also temporal difficulties. For a merchant to become a Christian and to close his store on Sunday is to invite be~gary for himself and his family. In one city of 50,000 inhabitants the arrest of progress was due to three facts: (1) The moneyed class, whose annual income is divided among the members of the clan on the annual ancestral worship day, agree that any member embracing Christianity is to be cut out and his portion divided among the others. (2) The laJrge clerk and employe class are not permitted by their employern to become interested in the meetings, for the employers know that acceptance of Christianity will be followed by refusal to wO'I"kon Sundays, which means dismissing a trained employe and breaking in a green one. (3) The soldier and police class have been forbidden by the higher authorities to become attendants on pain of dismissal. Dr. Smith says that there is no sign of whQlesale transformations.

There aire many encouraging signs, but mis'sionary work in China must be ,carried on, not because Qf the prQspect Qf immediate and large returns on the investment, but because of-Ioyalty to Christ and faith in fr3 power of His Gospel.

POSSIBILITIES IN SIAM T HE Siamese call themselves "free" people; hence, they 'will adopt no benefit-economic, educatiQnal or religious-which would tend to bring them under subservience to another race. The missionaries, understanding this, have made it a point never to interfere in civil affairs, and have proclaimed the Gospel of Christ in a spirit of loyalty to the Siamese government and people.

The war has stirred the national conscience in Siam, and has prepared the way for a more general acc;eptance of Christianity. Buddhist forces will, on the other hand, probably make a strenuous resistance. Heretofore, they have hardly taken the Christian Iillssionary program seriously. Buddhist priests outnumber Christian missiQnaries and teachers mQre than a hundred to' Qne. But the Siamese peeple have demonstrated that they are capable of understanding Christianity to the extent of cenferming mere literally to' the example and teachings ef Christ than any other Oriental peeple unless it be the Koreans.

~ EDITORIAL COMMENT:® ~

• ova ' … . {$ &HriI _ ~, , • U"<N" OiJ"U'J OUU1JO 0 0 UVJO THE WORLD'S NEED FOR LEADERSHIP T HE present world situation is a moral challenge to America" says Dr. Sherwood Eddy, who has recently returned from a tour of the world. He gives a brief survey of conditions and forces as he found them. "Japan is at the parting of the ways, facing the second great crisis of her history. In Korea and Shantung she must make her choice between autocracy and democ- racy, between militarism and freedom: The Japanese are one of the three great expanding and dominant races of the world. The 630,000,000 of the yellow race, or nearly 40 per cent of the world's population, may become a yellow peril, but they are today our golden opportunity to Christianize the Far East. .

"China is facing her darkest day politically but her brightest day religiously. The Government is in danger of breaking down.

One of four things will happen to China. There is one last chance to save the country from within, or second, the Government may fall, or third, Japan and other nations may try to divide China upon the spoils system, or fourth, she may pass into a temporary receivership under the control of a League of Nations or a ,group of the powers. Here is our supreme opportunity to raise up a moral Christian leadership which alone can save the nation and give it a lasting foundation for personal and national life. .

"India, divided between eight great religions, 147 different languages, and 2,000 different castes, is being united into one burn- ing unit of a new national consciousness. She is entering upon a new era of responsible government. Hinduism and the non- Christian religions cannot furnish a lasting foundation for national life. Now is the time to raise up the Christian leadership which alone can save India.

" The Near East is still the danger zone of the world. Egypt is in unrest, Palestine is seething with Zionism, Mesopotamia is a bone of contention between the French and the Ar.ab Hedjas, and Turkey is awaiting her fate. The whole Near East is under the shadow of Islam, and there is no hope apart from a Christian control. The whole Near East needs help.

"Europe, crippled by the war, is suffering from under pro- duction. Industry is paralyzed through vast areas of destruction; transportation, both by land and sea, has partIy broken down; there is a serious coal shortage which has left many countries in Europe without sufficient fuel or food to face the winter. With the lack of raw materials, the disappearance of credit, and the 11

destruction of markets, industry is threatened over wIde areas. These together with demoralization of labor, the high cost of living, and lower morale as the result of thE' war, threaten several countries in Europe with hankruptcy, famine or revolution. The Government of Poland with its twenty-four millions is in imminent danger. Russia is in a welter of Bolshevism. Germany and Austria are largely bankrupt and demoralized. Italy is rent and divided in her industrial, social and political life, and is on the thin crust of a volcano over the difficulty of Fiume. The position of the Jugo-Slavs and the Greeks is precarious. Every country is facing a great crisis, either industrial, social, political or military.

"For the whole distracted world today there is nothing but the Christian solution adequate to meet the present world situation. There is need of a united Church to face such a divided world. There is need of an advance of the Christian forces all along the line."

RELIGIOUS WORK FOR THE ARMY AND NAVY E VER since the Christian Commission undertook to carrv on work for the soldiers during the Civil War, the Young :Men's Christian Association has been active in providing Christian opportunities for the men in the American Army and Navy. A department was established for this work at the time of the Span- . ish-American 'Val', and special secretaries have been called to give their whole t.ime to it. Wben the trouble arose at the Mexican border the Y. M. C. A. was the first religious or welfare organiza- . tion on the field. Since that time, however, welfare work has been taken up for soldiers and sailors by other religious organizations, including the Salvation Army, the Knights of Columbus and the Jewish Welfare Board. Regular religious services have also been conducted by United St.ates Army and Navy chaplains, drawn from different. religious bodies. Their work has sometimes been very effective and in other cases has been more or less professional and unsatisfactory.

The service of the Young Men's·and Young Women's Christian Associations during the recent war was unusual in its character and scope. The Y. M. C. A. ·had 4-82 secretaries at work in forty- nine naval cent.ers; 4,309 paid secretaries in American Army areas; conducted work at 2,000 point!' abr()ad, with a. total personnel of about 12,000 workers. Their service in maintaining the morale of the army and navy is of inestimable value.

Now, however, beginning with November 1st, the United States Government has begun to take over the work of all the out- side welfare organizations connected with the army and navy, on the ground t~at Church and State are separate, and that the Gov-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

ernment is the "father" of the men in service and should look after their welfare.. This means that the Y. M. C. A. must give up their established work on Government reservations.

On October 31st there were 593 temporary "Y" huts and 1300 Y. M. C. A. secretaries affected by this order. The, buildings and equipment cost $4,500,000. For the present, the ten permanent Y. M. C. A. buildings erected in Army Reservations before the war will not be affected. The result of this Government order will be to se'culai'ize the welfare work for men in service, and to put the educational, physical training and social activities under control of men in the employ of the Army and Navy.

Some millions of dollars of the money contributed to the "Y" work in the United War Fund are still unexpended. The money was given for a specific purpose, for work conducted under special organizations that are still trustees of the fund. What shall be done with the remainder of this money1 As Congress has not yet made a sufficient appropriation to care for the welfare work, the Secretary of War has asked the War Work Council of the Y. M. C. A. and the other organizations to hand over their unexpended balance, and at the same time suggests that "Y" secretaries offer their services to the Government for non-religious welfare work. This plan, however, offers serious difficulties, as the war work organizations are trustees of their funds and most of the secretaries have given themselves to the work with the understanding that they are free to do religious work. The proposed plans both in the Army and Navy are experimental and there are reasons why the experiment of conducting such work directly under naval and military supervision is not likely to be successful. The Navy plan emphasizes the neceRsity for religious work in its welfare program and expects to continue in close relationship with the Young Men's Christian Association. It is to be hoped that in both the Army and Navy some arrangemE'nt will be made whereby the long experience of the Association may ,be utilized in such a way as to insure the largest Christian service to the enlisted men.

Since the principle of the separation of Church and State is recognized in the United States, it is conceded that the Government cannot conduct sectarian work. The need of the men for instruction apd encouragement in religious life, and activity is, however, undeniable. What then shall be done to supply the place of the Y. M. C. A. in the Army and NavyT Apparently the solution is in the chaplains. In the past, these men have been appointed by the Government, selected too often without reference to their special fitness as religious leaders of mm. There has also heen an insufficient number and there liaS been no systematic cooperation with the churches in thE' effort to make their work effective.

With the practical elimination of outside religious organiza-

Hons from the Army and Navy reservations (except as the men in service form their own Association) the responsibility for religious work must fall on the chaplains. Steps should be taken immediately to increase and improve the personnel of that body of men, and to insure their appointment on the basis of fitness alone and not as a political "plum." These chaplains should represent the churches and might, with advantage, be nominated by the various denominations and obliged to report to them on the character and results of their work. Their equipment might be increased and other plans of cooperation devised, so that the men in service will feel a close affiliation with the churche,s from which they or their parents have come. The men in service need physical, intellectual and moral training, but if their spiritual life is neglected they will be no better than human machines.

THE COST OF THE WAR P ROF. ERNEST L. BOGART, in a volume prepared for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, states that all of the wars of the nineteenth century, from the Napoleonic wars down to the Balkan war. show a loss of life of 4,449,300; the dead of the recent world war reached 9,998,771. If each human life is yalued at an average of $3,400 the total economic loss of this life would be thirty-three billion dollars. The property loss on land is estimated at about thirty billions, and at sea $6,800,000,000. The indirect cost in the loss of production is placed at $45,000,000,000. These figures added together give the total financial loss due to the war as the incomprehensible amount of $115,000,000,000. These figures stupendous as they are, do not take into account the effect of the war on human vitality, on economic well-being, on morality and on social unrest. Is it not time that the world sought to follow the "Prince of Peace"? The cost of Christian activities throughout the world is estimated at approximately $500,000,000 a year. On this basis the money wastel of the war would have supplied funds for all Christian churches and missions for over 200 years. The number of men giving all their time to Christian work in all lands is estimated at not over 500,000. On this basis, the men killed in the' war number twenty-times this number and four hundred times the number of Christian missionaries.

Nothing has taken place in the world which has invalidated one of Christ's claims or weakened one of His principles. Christ never was so necessary, never more unique and never more sufficient. He came not only to proclaim a message, but that there might be a mes- sage to proclaim. Thank God He stands strong among the weak, erect among the fallen, clean among the defiled, living among the dead.-Jesus Christ, our Lord."-lohn R. Matt. BY REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D. D., CHICAGO, ILLINOIS "The sobbing of a thousand million of poor heathen sounds in my ear, moves my heart; and I try to measure, as God helps me, something of their darkness, something of their blank misery, something of their despair. Oh, think of these needs! I say again, they are ocean depths; and, beloved, in my Masters name, I want you to measure them, I want you to think earnestly about them, I want you to look at them until they appal you, until you cannot sleep, until you cannot criticize."

S O wrote the Rev. Charles Inwood, revealing the compassion of the Master Himself when He looked upon the multitude, in a desert place, without bread, and night coming down, because they were as sheep without a shepherd. After nineteen centuries of Christian history the same picture challenges our compassion on every side, and in every land: thousands, yea millions of men, women and children, in spiritually desert places, without the Bread of Life, and night, eternal night, coming down upon their souls.

In throbbing earnestness, Dr. J. Campbell White declares: "We thought we were going on to a millennium of education and ~ivilization, and God has shattered that lie, and revealed to us that'only a civilization founded on His truth can ever satisfy the aching hea.rt of the world, and ever make a decent human society on earth. Never has there been revealed in such lines of blood and fire the necessity of God in human life and in all human relationships. If people cannot hear the voice of God in a war like this, how can God get His thought across to men at a1l1" The emphasis in this statement that nothing short of a radical work of regeneration by the grace of God in redeeming love will ever solve the problems of men, helpless in the slavery of sin, is reenforced by the following forceful word in the TVester·n Christian .Advocate: "Jesus Christ did not come into the world simply to make decent people better, or to provide conveniences for the discontented. He came to save the world, and the whole world, from its sin. Was its sin ever greater than at the present time 1 'Vhat prophet of God will pray that he may be brought to see it, and call other men to come with him and preach it for the healing of the wounds of the nations 1" Many utterances of kindred nature are appearing in all sorts of publications, economic journals, philosophic reviews and daily newspapers, as well as religious periodicals. But the general statement is liable to make only a very. general impression. The IS student of the world's life should note somewhat· in detail the actual facts which make strikingly concrete this vigorous assertion of the need of Christ's Gospel of salvation for a dying world.· There are. those who discourage the suggestion that we look the facts in the face, intimating that the policy of hope and encouragement should always be adopted, acC"ording to which we shall not look at the dark places, but emphasize whatever is in evidence to indicate the progress which is being made in the admitted task of the Church to evangelize the nations. But our Lord warned those who had a great task to achieve to measure carefully the obstacles to overcome, declaring that he only is wise who will frankly face every fact and appreciate its significance as related to the great objective of the Church of Christ. Therefore let it be remembered that we are nOlW1 considering the world's need, and are looking at the dark side, rather -than trying to gloss over whatever should be probed to its deepest center. Superficial thinking that would consider the task as well-nigh accomplished is fatal to an adequate conception of the stupendous, staggering burden the Church has scarcely begun to lift.

A GLIMPSE AT THE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD If we should set aside twenty-five thousand people to every missionary in the non-Christian countries, (a pitifully inadequate provision), there would still remain five hundred millions for whom no messenger of Christ has yet been provided by the Church, with its vast wealth and large numbers of young men and women. After nineteen hundred years of Christian Missions, we can imagine what the apostle Paul 'Would say to us, when he said to his easy-going fellow Christians of his own time, "Some have not the knowledge of God: I speak this to your shame." A recent author has quoted from "Whittier's Almanac" figures to the effect that out of a total world population of over 1,600,000,000, there are 564-,000,000 nominal Christians, or about one-third the total population of the globe. He makes this report a basis for the statement that "Christianity has grown more in the last one hundred years than in the preceding eighteen hundred." But included in this total are the inhabitants of all Roman Catholic countries and all Greek and Oriental sects. Christianity has made no such genuine progress in these countries in the last century as would justify the intimation that a triumphant development of its redeeming truth is now apparent in the life of those people. Such a statement cannot possibly be taken as an estimate of the exact status of Christian progress.

If we glance at non-Christian countries, we have to note, not simply the degree of progress actually made by Christianity, but what yet remains to be done. Moreover, we must note the real attitude of controlling governments toward the Christian propa- ganda. Crossing the Pacific, 'we find that about 70,000 Japanese now dwell in the Hawaiian Islands, with scarcely any attempt to Christianize them. They out-number all the rest of the population. In Japan itself, with all that is encouraging, there are not yet two per cent of the population Christian. Nowhere else in non- Christian countries are the Pllgan shrines and temples kept up so perfectly. The Mikado still goes to Yamada to worship the ancient gods of Japan. In recent months Japan has revealed its true attitude toward Christianity in its policy toward the Koreans. From the time .Japan entered Korea, the Japanese have looked upon Christianity there as making its occupation more difficult, for Christian Koreans are more intelligent and have protested against acts of injustice on the part of the Japanese military power. Recently a friend, who was an employee of the Japanese Government, was discovered to be an earnest Christian. His res- ignation was demanded, and with a stinging denunciation of his interest in the Christian re lig-ion. No careful student of Japan's present ambitious spirit will entertain the sanguine hopes enter- ·tained twenty years ago by Christian missionaries concerning the • future spread of Christianity among those people.

PROBLEMS OE' CHINA AND INDIA China's and India's millions are devotees of Confucius, Buddha, Krishna and Mahomet. The followers of Christ in those lands are fewer than two per cent. We are in danger of imagining that the material signs of civilization such as modern buildings, sanitation, commerce, schools and industries indicate that the religion of Christ is equally widespread. On the contrary much of this material progress and even intellectual culture represents interests that look upon the presence of Christianity as an intrusion. It is a scandalous fact that, in the port cities of Asia, the immoral influences of many sojourners from so-called Christian countries are among the worst hindrances to the progress of Christianity. The natives do not distinguish between non-Christians from socalled Christian countries and actual followers of Jesus Christ.

China today is still a staggering problem, with its inertia of centuries of exclusive and inclusive assumption of self-sufficiency, which it is now realizing that it must surrender. Torn in its civil strife, with its illiterate multitudes unable to unite intelligently in a constitutional government, and dominated by a small group of self-seeking leaders who ignore the present constitution in their ambitious effort after power, the former "Celestial Empire" is being sliced into "spheres of influence." China is today embittered, for it looks upon the Peace Conference as evading plain justice in failing to honor the plea of its representatives that the

principles involving the consent of the governed should obtain in Ohina, as well as elsewhere. It looks upon the so-called Ohristian nations as untrue to their professions. This interferes with the kindly spirit which, at times, the Ohinese have manifested toward missionaries of the Gospel.

No less serious is the situation in India. It is agreed that India is better off under British rule than it was before; but intelligent Hindus complain because of Britain's failure to do many things that might help the Hindus toward intelligent self-government. They point to what the United States has done in the Philippines in twenty years, as being far more than Britain has done for India in a hundred years. The" 8wadeshi " movement, whose slogan is "India for the Hindus," is developing deep-seated feeling of resentment on the part of many Hindus, and is steadily ,gathering strength. In India, while encouraging progress has been made among the low caste people, the vast millions still remain untouched by the Gospel. Krishna is still the highest object of their worship, notwithstanding the unspeakable records of his unholy lust. Ohrist is still far from being King in India.

IN MOHAMMEDAN LANDS There are Ohristian converts from among Moslems, but since the time when Ohristian missionaries began their work among the Mohammedans, the followers of the Prophet have increased by sixty times as many people as have accepted Ohrist from their number. This is the most intensely persistent of all non-Ohristian religions. Thousands have been converted from paganism to the faith of the Prophet in Africa within recent years. True, these are low types of people, as are most of the uneducated Mohammedans; yet the task of the Ohurch is rendered far more difficult because of their fanatical antagonism to Ohristianity. The Turkish atrocities against Armenians, Syrians and other ancient Ohristian sects, reveal the age-long hatred which Mohammedans bear to all professors of the Ohristian faith. The compromises of the early Ohurch made it possible for the Orescent to supplant the Oross in the very region where the Ohurch began its labors. Some believe that when the Turkish government no longer controls these people, many of them wilJ eagerly turn to Ohrist. But for many years millions of Mohammedans have been entirely free from the control of the Turkish government. Most of them have been under the British Government in India, Africa and elsewhere. But these Mohammedans have not been turning to Ohristianity in any notable numbers, even though Great Britain presumably stands for religious liberty. Rather has Great Britain more than once favored the Mohammedans, as against the OhristianS'. Only a few months ago British missionaries in Nigeria were forbidden by law, issued by the British Governor, to live within a certain distance of the native villages, thus making almost prohibitive their work among the people. Persistent demands for explanation of the reasons for these' laws finally elicited the statement that the natives in their ignorance and superstition were more easily managed than after they are somewhat educated and Christianized. That is to say, the ideals of all Christian governments, looking toward intelligent self-government, will not be favored in certain sections because it would involve sacrificial service on the part of the controlling government. The Christian ideal is to have the most backward peoples elevated and advanced until they enjoy all the rights and privileges of the most favored peoples on the planet. France has denied such privileges to Madagascar. Great Britain has refused to interfere with Mohammedan fanaticism in the Sudan. We know the history of Belgium in the Congo. It is not denied that most difficult and perplexing problems were involved in these situations, but it is noted that such are the facts, and we are not justified in any sanguine notion that they will be less stubborn until the Gospel of Christ has a fuller sway in those lands.

THE GIGANTIC UNFINISHED TASK OF THE CHUROH Our purpose in noting the above, facts is not to paint a darker picture than those facts warrant, but to stir the Church to an adequate appreciation of its great responsibility, beyond anything it has been willing to acknowledge since the first Christian century. The challenge of the war time service given by the Allies, in money and patriotic devotion, has discovered us to ourselves in certain directions. We do not forget that subscriptions to Liberty Bonds are not benevolences, but splendid investments; yet our actual gifts to war-service ministries, such as Red Cross and the various organizations that have ministered to enlisted men, and to the peoples of devastated countries, have revealed to us how much more we might have done for the cause of Christ in giving men and money through the years in which we have been playing at the business of advancing the cause of Christ. We may no longer assert our inability to go far beyond the past. In fact, the present response to the challenge sent out in the various denominational drives proves that in the direction of larger giving of money the Church is planning for a sacrificial effort never before approached.

Having realized this much, we must go further in search for evidence that the Church is awake to its gigantic, unfinished task, with some honest repentance because of its lethargy in the face of its supreme duty. What signs of spiritual power are evident in the life of the Church at home 1 The degree of brightness with which the light shines at home determines the extent to which its rays will reach out into the darkness. During the war, many min-

isters seemed to confuse Christianity with patriotism. The Church should always champion every patriotic service, but recently the Church was challeJlged to suggest anything in its message during the war that was not in the daily newspapers. Let us note the result of the activity of the Church during the year 1918. '1'he total church membership in this country is less than 42,000,000, being considerably below one-half of the popUlation. The gain in communicants was smaller than in ally of the previous ten years, being 284,540, for the Christian churches of America, or 1,055,017 less than in 1917. Many ministers were a~sent in various forms of service, but the total number of ministers increased 1922 over 1917, while there were 560 more places of worship.

THE NEED OF CHRIST The most conspicuous failure in self-government among leading nations is found in the cities of this country, indicating the failure of so-called "good citizens" who are not good citizens at all, however good they may be in other walks of life. Christian men have not been the outstanding leaders in anything like a widespread effort to solve the industrial problems that perplex and threaten us, until millions of people who work with their hands believe that the Church has no sympathy with them in their problems. But enough has been indicated to show that the Church '8 greatest need is to have Christ t'nthroned as its Lord and Master before it can ever possess that vitalizing quality that always exists when the Holy Spirit has been given His placfl in the leadership of the Church. Too widespread is the tendency to advocate a general culture, without the positive emphasis of the necessity on the part' of individuals and congregations to give the personal Christ His supreme place in our lives. TIlt' hopelessness and fatality of sin are not magnified, and some leaders in certain quarters of the visible Church are openly teaching that conversion is simply a natural experience of adolescence and that when we give fail' valua,tion to the good things in the non-Christian religions, we may fairly question whether Christian missions are justified. Evidently such teaching saps the sense of the neEd of Christ as the only Saviour of the world, both at horne and abroad.

He that hath an ear to hear, let him hear the sobbing of the lost millions that Charles Inwood heard. Many- of them do not know that their very darkness and helplessness are crying out to God and to redeemed men to give them the Light of Life. Their complacent ignorance of their hopeless conditi1:Hl is the deepest element of pathos in their helplessness. Surely, if anything has been written into history, it is that Jesus Christ, and He alone, is the world's only hope and only Saviour of ma.nkind.

REFUGEES IN A BARRACKS IN AI,EPPO

The Missionary Outlook in Asia Minor BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON,* D. D., BOSTON, MASS.

I N defi11ing the area which naturally comes under the discussion of this article I would like to bound it by the Aegean Sea on the west, the Caspian Sea on the east, the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains on the north, to Syria and the Mediterranean on the south. This area embrace" a mixed population, consisting -* Dr. Barton has recently returned .from an extended tour of investigation in Asia Minor and the Caucasus, where be had tinusual facilit ies for a study of the situation.-Edit?r.

21

of Greeks. predominating on the west coast of Asia Minor; Turks predominating in the central areas; Armenians, Kurds and Turks in the eastern section of what was true old Turkish Empire; Georg- ians, Tartars, Kurds and Armenians in Transcaucasia. The Ar- menians dwell in considerable numbers in central Asia Minor and something like 500,000 of the former population of the eastern part of Turkey ar,e now refugees in Northern Syria and in Trans- caucaSIa.

During the entire period of the war these fields were not abandoned by the missionaries, although some died at their posts, while others came home in order to be prepared to return for a full term of service as soon as the war should end. rn only one or two instances were stations left with no missionary in charge, while in many cases more than one person remained at his post until relieved, and some are there now who were on the ground during the war. The fact that so many missionaries and educators :r.efused to withdraw from the country has made a profound impression upon all· classes of people within the country. As one goes from the Aegean Sea to the Caspian, meeting all classes of people, official and peasant, Mohammedan and Christian, he hears only:words of profound appreciation of the missionaries who defied all hardship and personal danger in order that they might stay with the people at a time of great uncertainty and in many :;;2ctions, like the areas occupied by the Armenians, at a time of terrible suffering. The missionary name today throughout this region is a glorious name which has lost none of its lustre from the fact that all of them there, reinforced by a large number of our best young people of America, are engaged in relief work in many forms. As some of the miBsionaries and workers have lost their lives in this service and others are broken down in health and have been compelled to withdraw, while all have shown a deep personal interest in every measure that is taken to alleviate the terrible suffering of the afflicted peoples, the impresBion has been deepened that the Christianity of America, from which the reli,ef funds and the workers come, is genuine, manifesting itself not in empty expressions but in self-sacrificing de.eds.

THE ARMENIANS In my experiences in the area above outlined, covering a period of something more than six months, I have come to the conclusion that the Armenian nation has never been so ready as now to cooperate in every good form of missionary work, medical, literary, educational and evangelistic. The Armenians are discussing whether or not the Gregorian Church shall be the National Church of the new Armenia or whether they shall organize 0:n the religious basis of American national life. They feel, as they have never felt before, the necessity of a thorough educational system, of better sanitation, of an industrial and technical training which shall enable them best to develop their country. Many of them put sU12reme em.phasis on the necessity of the nation's standing four square to Chri."tianitv as the basis of its very e:xlstenc;, whether they have a national Church or not. The Armenians are ready to cooperate with the e Christians of America in bringing to their people the best we possess of Christian civilization.

THE GREEKS The Greek Church, both ill Greece and in Turkey, has bEwll a problem hard to solve. The GrHeks have not been as ready to · accept modern education as have THE MARK OF THE FALSE PROPHET the Bulgarians and the Armen- ians. Greece is unique among the Christian nations in that the BibLe in modern Greek is forbidden by the Constitution to be printed or circulated anywhere in Greece. But present-day Greece is beginning to think more than ever before in world terms. The Metropolitan of Athens was in America last winter and in March, discussing the question of missionaries and Greeks, he said: "Our refusal to permit the circulation of the Holy Scriptures in the spoken language, and, in consequence of this, the State's intervention through seizure and des'truction of such translations, gave the missionaries apparently reasonable grounds for proclaiming to their countrymen that the Greek State persecuted the Holy Scriptures and that Greece was a gospelless land. If we add to this fact our excessive conservatism regarding non-essential or even entirely dead religious fOrn1s which one may not touch by word or deed without finding himself criticised by the over pious; and if we add the increasing religious ignorance of a large portion of our people, which even strangers see clearly in the absence from our educational program of adequate religious instruction; if we add besides the lack of education among ninety per cent of our clergy, the diseased religious point of view which marshals dozens of images of one and the same saint ;n order to save a sick king, as veII as the religious indifference of a large pllrt of our educated classes-

ARMENIAN REFUGEES RETURNING TO THEIR RUINED HOME IN OURFA if, I say, you add this to the professional motives of the American ·inis-_ sionaries, you have nearly all the sources of their dislike for the Greek nation."

This, it seems to me, is an over statement of the critical attitude of the missionaries toward the Greeks, but it i~ a most significant statement from the highest ecclesiastic in the Church of Greece and one which was discussed, and not unfavorably, by the Bishops in Salonica alld in Smyrna at the time of my call upon them. The Metropolitan closed his interview with the following words: "If, therefore, we wish as nation and Church to have the esteem of so great a people (as America), we 'cannot remain indifferent in the present crisis, much less in our future national development, to any opinion favorable or unfavorable which America may form con~erning us. It is, therefore, our duty in the first place to dispel foreigners' opinions regarding us, and in the second place to improve our religious life, teaching the people the essence of the orthodox faith, cleansing our Church's life of the rust engendered by the slavery and ignorance of the past, and ridding it of its load of dead forms, in order that our Church's life-giving spirit may shine forth anew. I cherish the belief thalt we already stand on the threshold of this new religious life."

Such an utterance from the great head of the Greek Church cannot fail to have influence, not only in Greece itself, but among the Greeks throughout the Near Ea.st.

1920J THE MISSIONARY OUTLOOK IN ASIA MINOR 2S

ARMENIAN REFUGEES LEARNING A MOTION SONG THE GEOR(lIAN NATION Another Christian race recently organized into a republic is the Georgian, reaching the Black Sea on the east and extending north to the Caucasus Mountains. This ancient people are said to number something like three million souls, with a Church of their own, but a Church which has lost most of its spiritual significance. The Georgians are hardy mountaineers who have endured great persecution, but through it all have stood firmly by their national Church. This nation, now formed into the Georgian R,epublic with capital at Tiflis, is beginning to realize its need of something more in the way of heart religion and the civilization that necessarily follows. The Georgians have appealed to the American Board, but would probably welcome any similar organization, to come among them and establish the same kind of religious institutions which have been so long in operation in Turkey. The national representatives in Paris at the Peace Conference made earnest appeal to representatives of the American Board there at that time to begin a missionary work among their people. They promised every kind of national aid and cooperation. Here is certainly a field that ought not to be ignored. It will not be an easy one to work. Religious prejudices are deep-seated and will not easily capitulate. But the people are worthy, the field is easily accessible, and a welcome is assured.

We have heard a great deal about the Kurds, their cruelty, their attitude toward Christianity, and the part which they have played in the Armenian massacres which have ooen so prevalent in Turkey during the last generation. We discover, however, that the Kurd is more of a friend of the Armenian than he is of the Turk. During the recent deportationR, when the Turks were sending Armenians by the thousands down across the plains to the south, the Kurds came in as the saviours of that stricken people and convoyed tens of thousands of them across their own country into Transcaucasia, where they are today awaiting opportunity to return to their homes. The Kurds have r,epeatedly declared themselves anti-Turk, and they were known to the Turkish officials, at the outbreak of the war, as not favorable to Turkey. When the deportations of the Armenians began it was the plan of Turkey to include the Kurds with them and a beginning was made at Harpoot in Eastern Turkey. A delegation of the leading Kurdish chiefs appeared at Harpoot and announced to the Governor that unless he oeased persecution immediately the Kurds would make a concerted attack upon him and his government. As they are powerful in that region, their warning was heeded and contemplated atrocities against Kurds were not perpetrated. It was this incident which led the missionaries and relief workers in that region to see that they had faithful allies in the Kurds. While many of them ar,e robbers by profession and confirmed thieves by practice, it can be assumed that large numbers of them, including many of their leaders, are vastly more in sympathy with Christianity and Christians than with Mohammedanism and Turks. !n fact, the Kurds occupying an area north of Harpoot and eastwards toward Moush and Van are probably descendants of Christian races, possibly of Armenians. Their Mohammedanism was forced upon, them and has sat very lightly during these centuries. The Kurds of Turlmy and of Persia form a most promisi,ng population for missionary endeavor and, so far as one can judge, the field is decidedly ready for a positive beginning.

MOHAMMEDANS IN ASIA MINOR Mohammedanism has met with marked changes since the outbreak of the war. The Arabs allied themselves with Christian England and the Turks with Germany, proclaimed as a Christian state, and thus the Arab and the Turk wer,e arrayed against each other. The solidarity of Mohammedanism has met with a great shock. Just what the outcome will be no one can predict, but it is evident to the traveler in Turkey today, especially to one who converses freely with the officials over a wide extent of country, that Mohammedanism is not looked upon by the Mohammedans themS€lves as a force adequate to meet the religious requirements of this age. Repeatedly the Turkish Governors' and sub-Governors declared that Turkey must have modern institutions of learning under Western leadership in order to sav<e her from dissolution. Many of them argued with great unction that if the Mohammedans and Christians of 'furkey had been educated in institutions that gave them unprejudiced und2Tstanding of religion and nationality and government, there would be no contest between them, but they would live peaceably together, each in his own rEligion, recognizing the right of the other and working in perfect harmony. Among the great number of leading Turks and officials I saw no one who did not urge a more aggressive educational work for all of the races in the country.

Among the Mohammedans there is a manifest feeling that the old restrictions against changing religion are no longer in operation. There were not a few cases which came under my observation where Mohammedans of standing and of influence had turned to Christianity and had made public profession of their faith. One case was that of a Hodja of a large mosque, himself belonging to a family of Hodjas for several generations. who made public profession of his belief in .1esus Christ. When I talked with him of his new found faith and joy he told me that he was besieged every day and all day by Mohammedans, urging him to J'leturn to his ancestral faith. He said the only argument they used with him was that unless he did so every Mohammedan of that important city would become Christian. Six months later word came that not only was he living a most devoted Christian life but that he had formed a class of inquirers, all of them Mohammedans, who were making careful and systematic study of the Bible.

The work for Mohammedans will be hard. The old spirit of fanaticism and opposition will rally and will present a formidable front to the Christian approach, but we may confidently believe that the spirit of fanaticism will not be backed and supported by a .powerful government with authority of life and death over its subjects. The. Christian schools unquestionably will have an increasing number of Mohammedan pupils. Already the movement in that direction is well under way.

What is true of the situation among the Turks is also h'ue of the condition that prevails among the Arabic-speaking peoples. Many old things have passed away and many things have become new. If now the Christian Church of America will manifest its readiness to enter into this land and possess it in the name of the Christ the victory is assuI'ed.

Knowledge of

A Missionary Bible Study BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D D.

"This is life eternal, that they should know Thee, the ollly true God, and Him whom Thou didst send, even Jesus Christ."-JoHN 17:3.

"Because that knowing God they glorify him not as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasonings, and the,ir senseless heart was darkened."-RoMANs 1 :21.

The Bible teaches that there is only one true God, that He revealed Himself to man, and that the knowledge of God which we possess is not acquired by man's own genius, but is a revelation from God Himself.

Heathenism is on the downward path. M"Onotheism came first and polytheism was a deterioration. "Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to cor:-uptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping .things." The only full and true knowledge of God is found in the revelation of His personality and character and will in the Old and New Testaments. When we consider what this involves we see clearly how Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism, Animism, Confucianism and Islam have all failed by commission of over emphasis. The result is that in the non-Christian religions we have a distorted view of God and of our relation to Him.

The following outline can be applied to each of the non-Christian religions as a test of its real character, and a proof of its inadequacy.

1. THE OBJECT OF OUR KNOWLEDGE-The only true and living God.

(1) He is a person. Theism vs. Atheism, Pantheism, Agnosticism.

(2) He is Triune in essence-Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

(3) His attributes include all perfection possible to our imagination, and all glory and power beyond human comprehension.

(4) God is related to the universe as Creator, Preserver, Provi- dence.

(5) God became incarnate for man's salvation.

(6) God dwells in His world, and in the hearts of His people.

II. THE METHOD OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF GOD.

(I) Intuition-His image-Conscience-Spiritual Hunger.

(2) Observation-God in nature-Psalm 19.

(3) Revelation-Heb. J:l. "By the Prophets in His Son." (4) Experience-Reg-eneration-Adoption-Santification. III. THE RESULT OF OUR KNOWLEDGE 01" Gon-Eternal Life. "He that hath the Son hath life"-the true life revealed; the true life imputed; the true life imparted by Jesus Christ alone. Eternal life is knowledge of the Eternal-experimental knowledge. Without Christ is to be not only without hope but in the deepest sense without God. None of the great religions of the non-Christian world give an adequate knowledge of God. Only Christ has lifted the veil. As Dr. Alexander Maclaren says in a sermon on John 14:1: "The God whom men know outside of Jesus Christ is a poor nebulous thing; an idea and not a reality.

You will have to get something more substantial than the far-off God of an unchristian theism if you mean to sway the world and to satisfy men's hearts."

28

Purity Movement in Cairo"

BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press T HE place "where there ain't no Ten Oommandments" is the somewhat startling and sweeping phrase in which the re- viewer of Mr. Whitehair's book "Out There" sums up the author's description of Oairo. As to whether this description of our city is justifiable depends upon one's viewpoint. Let us look at this city of 810,000 souls (791,000 at the 1917 census) as we know it, who have worked in it for some years; and then let us try to seA it as our soldiers see it.

Weare proud of Oairo as not only the largest city of Africa, but the sixth or seventh of the British Empire; we look upon it as the brain center of the World of Islam, and we are iuterested in the Moslem inhabitants. We think of its electric trams, its telephones, its aerodrome, its twenty daily newspapers, its hundred printing presses and other enterprises.

We remember the upright life of the really high authorities, such as the Oommander-in-Ohief, the High Oommissioner and the heads of the Egyptian Government, and· we thank God for the Y. M. O. A., Ohurch Army, Soldiers' Home, and a score of other institutions to aid the men.' We think of missionaries' homes open to them, and of evangelistic campaigns resulting in spiritual conversions to God. We know of not a few earnest Ohristian men among the soldiers who have decided to give themselves to foreign mission work after securing their discharge.

But how does the average "Tommy" look at it ~ Hundreds of thousands of these men have come from home for the first time in their lives. The aVE'rage man has never seen the inside of the famous Egyptological Museum and cares but little for ancient mosques and Ooptic churches. He knows that the strictness observed in Jerusalem by General Allenby is greatly relaxed in Cairo and Alexandria, and that hundreds of officers throng the brothels; and he says, "What's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander."

The average soldier has views upon "seeing the sights" or "seeing life," phrases that represent merely "barrack talk," dished up and handed out to every newcomer. I have been told that almost every man is advised that he must not fail to see the prostitutes' quarter (the Ezbekiyeh), just at the back of the American Mission Ohurch. Once there, he goes round and round the • Since the above article was written there has been some improvement in the conditions. due larfelY to the response of high officers to the Purity Movement appeals. Last]une, several lanes were put' out oi bounds" to troops, then others, then three large streets. One result 15 that there is more movement in ;:'J g;~':f;::,:lr~":t ~:i~ i:'a~be~~hd:.~ei;ft11"li::e:. re~e:iif1:,'~dcr::;;ayfl~ot~iat~fJ::b~~e ~h!~; f~;~ff tremendous need for prayer and effort.-A. T. U.

20 to 25 filthy brothel lanes, and visits them time after time. The average "Tommy" does not set out to commit sin, but he goes to "see the sights," and is enticed, sometimes pulled inside. When he comes out he is a fallen man.

These men know that unnatural vice flourishes there as it has always flourished in such quarters. There are one or two hundred persons who practice it, in spite of legalized vice. Many times soldiers have us,ed these very words to me: "Since these brothels are provided for us by the Government, or by the Army, why should we not visit them 7" When I deny that assertion, he merely alters a word, "tolerated, then!" Scores have said, "If this is right, let me go in, but if it's wrong, why does the Go·vernment license it?"

Thank God for men here and there brave enough to speak out against the non-intervention of the military authorities, and the legal protection given by the Egyptian Government. One such is Rev. John Giffen, D. D., who, preaching the American Thanksgiving sermon (with H. E. The High Commissioner present), uttered these memorable words: "As the liquor evil has ·been abolished by prohibition, so let other evils .be prohibited. So let the twin of the drink' evil be slain outright at a single blow. Outlaw it absolutely. As the seventh commandment stands between the sixth and the eighth, so let its violators be treated as equally criminal with the one who steals or slays. Let this be done and those horrid dens of infamy, that are too patent to need mention, will vanish from our streets. Who would think of licensing a gang of burglars, or of highway robbers? Why then license, and by state officers assist, a gang that is infinitely more damaging to the communitY1 Let no state legalize any crime by licensing it, but outlaw it and abolish it. Let state law say, as God 's I~aw says, "Thou shalt not kill," "Thou shalt not commit adultery," "Thou shalt not steal," and let him that does one or the other answer to the law."

The purpose of this article is not to expose the weaknesses of the .A.dministration but to urge the need of prayer, and to tell something of our efforts to "convert the sinner from the error of his way" and to "save a soul from death."

In the early days of the Great War troops poured into Egypt on an unprecedented scale, and it is small wonder that the authorities were unable to cope with the hugeness of the social problems involved. As a result many thousands of men were soon down with venereal disease and many died. In revenge, the Australians burnt down several of the chief blocks of brothels.

One chaplain sacrificed his health by personally witnessing day after day against SIN, going for that purpose into the vilest brothel quarters of Cairo. Capt. Rev. Guy Thornton, C. F., waged this

THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO

noble fight in 1915, and many a soldier was persuaded into better things and sllf,'ly guided out of that district. At last, however, the strain of ~ne scenes witnessed, the stenches endured and the heat of the Egyptian summer broke down Captain Thornton's health and he was obliged to return to England. Thousands of men have accepted salvation by faith in Christ as the result of this ~haplain 's faithful preaching since returning home.

Capt. Rev. Sydney Morris· was almost equally courageous in: Alexandria, running up the stairs of buildings to buttonhole men, many of whom were the worse for drink. Other chaplains have had faithful talks with individual men, but very few have ventured to follow Thornton's example. Still, they have distributed tens of thousands of purity Gospel tracts, printed by the Nile Mission Press.

In the early days of the war I published an edition of 10,000 leaflets called "Wine and Women," aild decided to distribute them personally to men on the street every Saturday afternoon, and at such other times as my duties would allow. These tracts were offered one by one until my stock was exhausted, and not more than two per cent were returned to me or thrown down. Such aggressive use of purity literature-in the lion's den, so to speaksurprised some of the Christian workers. This, the first form of my Appeal, has been continued and after I had worked for five or six months alone, I had two or three voluntary colleagues.

There is no need to dwell upon the great difficulties of such work. One must bury one's reputation, and covenant with the Lord to "die daily" before facing drink-maddened lustful men, to protest against the SIN they have committed, or are about to commit. The sanitary conditions in these quarters were not exactly what one would choose for hot summer days in Egypt; but perhaps the heaviest handicap was the loneliness of ti:lOse days, for many of God's children have the mistaken notir;n that it is wrong to speak of such things. But we will never save men from sin so long as we are afraid to witness against sin.

There have been some interesting and encouraging results. Many a man has given a start at hearing an English voice sayingperhaps on the brothel stairs, perhaps in one of the inner rooms- "Be sure your SIN will find you out." Some have immediately turned and gone down the stairs and off the premises. Many another who has been with a harlot, either in the street or in her doorway, has felt a hand gently laid upon his shoulder and has heard the inquiry: "What· would you do to the man whom you found treating your sister like that 1 This poor fallen woman is somebody's sister." Sometimes the man has tried to reply and to make out a case before the onlookers, but more often he has forced his way out through the crowd.

In some cases I have been al)l(~, in spite of my deafness, to start an impromptu discussion. Papers and pencils have been handed to any able to write down three or four reasons for 'indulging in sin. Usually I have not needed to state the case against it, for the slips of pappr have been handed hack with the remark, "There's no particular good in it!" Thereupon the challenge is' given: "Then who will follow me out of it to the main street1" and perhaps six or seven men have followed me out.

Appeals to the Author'ities. It soon became clear that we could get on in the work much faster if the high authorities would issue an Army Order, putting a few of the worst of the brothels "out of bounds," so we made the attempt. Dr. MacInnes, Bishop of Jerusalem., backed me up and most kindly presented to H. E. Sir Reginald Wingate, the High Commissioner, my detailed letter of complaints as to the immoral state of Cairo. Some six principal points were dealt with, and one has had no reason to complain of the courteous and even sympathetic hearing given to numerous letters of protest. The difficulty has been lack of action, or rather lack of drastic action. The highest authorities, both military and civil, were shown the detailed charges which I made, and there was a great buzz in General Red Tape's office to stop the most outstanding public scandal, but only so much was done as they could not help doing. Three street nuisances were given a death blow: (1) public touting (or soliciting), (2) dragging the half drunken soldiers into brothels, and (3) women exposing themselves on the street. Not all of thes.e were completely stopped, but they got a sort of "knockout blow," after my protest.

On the other hand, I found the authorities quite immovable on the matter of putting some of the lanes "out of bounds." The G. O. C. Force in Egypt said that he could not do this without orders from the Commander in charge of the E. E. F., and apparently those orders were never issued. Brothels were not put "out of bounds" for soldiers except when some big row called attention to them as a public nuisance.

In July, 1918, I sent to the High Commissioner a detailed oomplaint concerning affairs in Alexandria which seemed to be almost worse than Cairo, and gave names and addresses of no less than 46 flats in the best business part of Alexandria which, being Officer's Brothels, were allowed by the authorities to advertise themselves as "Pensions" (Boarding Houses). In some cases they had been supplied by the municipality with "hotel registers" which, needless to say, never had any entries! An American lady, the wife of Dr. Chorlian, resident in the street, made a prolonged and spirited fight for her children's sake, but alas! up to the time of this writing nothing has been done.

1920J THE PURITY MOVEMENT IN CAIRO

In Oairo, some assistance has been given by increased police activity ahd much more by the issuE) of a proclamation prohibiting inducement to enter, obscene dancing, and the use of alcoholic liquors in licens.ed brothels. This has been a real help, and by prosecuting some of the worst of the women, and by turning out men collected for the purpose of witnessing the dance, a certain amount of wholesome respect (or fear) has been created, which enables one to enter any of the brothels. Also, increased powers were given to the civil police as the result of my agitation.

General Sir E. H. H. Allenby, the new Commissioner, has, in response to my letter, issued a fine appeal to all ranks, of which we quote one paragraph: "In these countries special temptations exist with regard to wine and women. Both must be resisted. Our relatives and friends are anxiously awaiting our return home, and they will expect to Dnd all those of us who have escaped wounds in action with our physical and our moral energies unimpaired. Treat all women with courtesy, but shun all undue intimacy. Remember that temptation, which when encountered is hard to resist, is often easy to avoid…. "

.Appeals to God. "Put not your trust in princes," said a wise man of old, "for there is no help in them." We have learned in this movement to depend upon' our Eternal God, the Rock of Ages. When we found out the strength of the opposition, there seemed but one way out-that is God. Accordingly, some ten monthly (or fortnightly) circulars were issued to missionary colleagues and others to beg them to pray this thing through, and such success as has been already obtained is in answer to their intercessions. More than three hundred Christian workers joined in fighting this thing upon their knees, while many others, unknown to me, have joined us in prayer. A hundred women in Michigan, others in the Blue Mountains of Australia, in the villages of England and among the lakes of New Zealand, have joined this prayer league. Some of the high authorities whom I have approached are Christian men, and have been impressed by my statement:;; that these three hundred men and women really mean business.

Let no one think that the end of the War solves our problem in Oairo. We still need strenuous prayer for the men of the large standing anny that is left here. Only when the majority of the soldiers have departed shall we realize how far immorality has spread among the native population, yea, even to the young men who attend Christian churches! Let no one shrug his shoulders and say "To your tents 0 Israel; Cairo ought to be burnt up;" but rather "To your knees, 0 Christians," for God has "much people in this city."

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I!= Principals 6f War Applied to Missions I~= Iii Dr. Sherwood Eddy calls attention to Marshall Foch's !ii I lectures on the "Principles of War," as offering a striking I I parallel to the underlying principles of modern missions and ~ i~ the spiritual warfare of the Kingdom of God. The lessons are ~ I obvious. I I. Three Factors 01 Success. I ~~ ;!!; I~ i~ 1. MORALE-corresponding-to the spiritual life In the Church. iiii! Intellectual and Spiritual fitness are necessary. ~ I 2. :!~;:eLdi~!:~i~~~I~~ivi~I~;n~~~d ~sb:~:::~,toa~!~;ne~ I situations. I iI 3. PHYSICAL FITNESS. Moral and physical exhaustion leads III! =I;= to failure.

I II. Three Conditions 01 Victory. ~ Ii !§! ~ i~ii! 1. ADEQUATE PREPARATIONS. Study and plans should II come before the battle. A leap into the unknown is dangerous. .1I 2. CONCENTRATION. Forces must work together and attack I i IiIii in unison at a given point. Strategy is the art of using time I I;~;; and space. I ii 3. FREEDOM OF ACTION. All troops should be engaged. iii Every individual must do his part. Idleness is disgraceful. ii;§ Guard against surprise. =iii III. Three Tactical Rules. I= ;;;;; ~ Ii II!IiIi 1. A CLEAR OBJECTIVE. A reason for every move. Decide, II then act.

I;;;;; 2. A STRONG OFFENSIVE. There is a spiritual superiority in I=i the attacker:over the defender. There is no victory without I ~ II battle. Do not flee, charge! Ii L 3. A DECISIVE BATTLE. Expect victory. Have faith in God, in your cause and in the outcome. The victory is yours when iIi! you com jnce your opponent that his cause is lost.

The great omissi.on i.n these principles is the recognition of God's I part in the Campaign. He does not work according to human strategy ~iii but in superhuman ways. When we have done our utmost, our depen- dence I.S s11'11 on H1' m. I!Iii!!

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DRILLING IN IVORY AND MAKING MUKLUKS AT PORT CLARANCE

The Redemption of Alaska BY REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D. D., NEW YORK Author of "Adventures in Alaska," etc.

T o one who studies mission work in Alaska from detached accounts of travelers and missionaries-a sympathetic stud- ent, who sees all that there is of good in the natives and more-the work seems romantic and full of thrills, but to those of us who have labored long among the aborigines of the Northwest, the history of Christian progress has its discouraging phases as well as its triumphs.

The most valuable bit of advice I received when beginning my mission work in Alaska, more than 41 years ago, was from the chief factor of the Hudson Bay Co. located at Victoria, B. C. He was on the vessel when I made my first trip to Fort Wrangell, and I found him much interested in my mission. As we were nearing the wharf, upon which squatted a score of blanketed natives, most of them with faces blackened and tousled hair, he laid his hand upon my shoulder and said: "Let me give you a bit of advice. Don't become an Indian." I was nettled and I have no doubt my face flushed. Waving my hand towards the natives, I replied: 35

"Do you think I am in danger of becoming like those creat- ures ¥"

•• Now don't get mad!" he answered, "Let me tell yon some true stories."

Then he poured into my astonished ears a tale that seemed incredible about missionaries who had gone to different parts of British Columbia and Northern Canada, where they were cut off from association with white people, and who had gradually lost their pride in the cleanly and civjhzed habits of their kind, and had adopted the easy going, hand-to-mouth and often filthy habits of the natives. Later I grew to recognize this backward pulling influence as the most dangerous thing that meets the Alaskan missionary.

The Russian missionaries, who until very recent years had the most missions and the greatest number of followers of any Christian denomination at work in Alaska, yielded quickly and very fully to this downward influence of· the isolated life. The Russian priests were at first of pure blood, many of them from the aristocratic classes of Russia; and had Father Veniaminoff's devotion and zeal. But the isolated life and association only with natives proved too strong for them, and after forty years there were very few true Russians left among these priests. The great majority were of mixed blood and some of them grossly ignorant.

Most of them were hard drinkers. .

Of late years, in the great majority of these Russian Missions, about all that the Russian priests have done wa!? to visit the villages once or twice a year, baptizing the infants, consecrating the graves and collecting tithes, which the Eskimos and Aleuts regarded as the price of their soul's salvation. The natives in these places continued to live in the same filthy, squalid, unsanitary way, and in the old fashioned sod houses, under the shadow of the Russian Church; and believed in the same heathen superstitions as their forefathers, with absolutely no change in their way of living.

Such facts as these justify the statement that when our first missionaries reached Alaska there were 35,000 heathen natives in the Territory ",-.jth less than 200 white residents, and among them were practically no Christians.

There were four groups of these heathen natives in Alaska.

The first and most important were the natives of Japanese origin, found along the southeastern coast of Alaska-the Panhandle extending from Mount St. Elias to Dixon's Entrance. These na- tive~ spoke two languages, the Thlinget and the Hyda, the dia- lects of different tribes being quite diverse in each group. There were about 9,000 Thlingets, divided into thirteen or fourteen tribes, and about 1,000 Hydas. The Hydas occupied the southern part of Prince of Wales Island and the smaller islands of this south- 1920] THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA 37 western shore. They were distinctly bC'tter formed, better looking and more advanced than the Thlingets.

All of these people lived in large community houses, built of split red cedar plank and gathered in villages. In front of the houses were tall totem poles. There were no roads in the whole archipelago, the villages all bordering on the sea and along the rivers, and the only conveyances being red or yellow cedar/" dugout" canoes.

YUKON INDIANS, RUBY. ALASKA They worshiped the spirits of the glaciers, mountains and sea, and more especially the spirits of their dead ancestors and medicine men. These medicine men were the law givers and virtual lords of the country, even the chiefs holding them in reverence. They practiced sorcery and the foundation of their system was the fatal belief in witchcraft. They tortured the witches and sometimes even burned them to death.

They learned from the United States soldiers, and from the Russians, to make rum out of black molasses, and were universally drunk and dissolute. They had many slaves, most of whom they had captured in raids down the Coast, as far as Puget Sound.

Of morals they had none, as we count morality. Marriage was a matter of barter. Intertribal wars were very frequent, and fear was upon the land. There was no organized gov,ernment, no courts, no civil officers, no protection of life or property, no means of punishing crime in all Alaska. Our first Protestant mis- sionaries had been there seven years before there 'was- a vestige of civil government in the Territory.

Owing to the fact that the Presbyterians were the first to enter the Territory and were almost the only Christian workers in Southeastern Alaska for many years, the Thlingets and Hydas are nearly all Presbyterian Christians. The Episcopalians have ,two small missions in Southeastern Alaska among the natives, while the Presbyterians have eleven large missions and as many branch missions in the Alexandrian Archipelago. Father Duncan's famous independent mission at Metlakahtla has become disor- ganized since his death, but the Presbyterian native missionary, Edward Marsden, is in charge of the religious work there. The Sheldon Jackson Institute at Sitka has been gathering the brightest youths from all the tribes, training the young men in useful trades and the young women in domestic science, nursing and school teaching.

There is a Government school in every tribe and village, entirely manned by Christian teachers, white or native. Few of the natives live now in community houses, but have built neat cottages where each family may live alone. They use the white man's furniture, implements, dress and food, and speak his language. Some of the native towns have cooperative stores, saw mills and salmon canneries. Their tribal customs and superstitions have almost faded away. Witchcraft and the medicine man are things of the past. They are Christians-civilized Christians. But much work remains to be done. It is impossible to change a dirty, ignorant savage in a few months or years into a cultivated Christian gentleman, but progress is being made. Of course, demoralizing influences are present. Evil whites have hindered the work as much as the ages of superstition and ignorance. But the United States will yet be' proud of her native Alaska citizens. The Church rejoices in their wonderful progress from the carnal to the spiritual.

Among the second group of Alaskan natives, the Tuksuk Indians who inhabit the whole Yukon Valley with its large tributaries, Christian work has been more difficult and the results less encouraging. These tribes are the only true Indians in Alaska. They are akin to the Crees, Sacs and Foxes of Interior British North America, and to the Apaches of Arizona. The Tuksuks are thinly scattered over their vast territory, and live in small villages of log huts, placed on the banks of streams up which the salmon come.

THE REDEMPTION OF ALASKA

The Church of England, which had missionaries at work among the natives of this Athabascan stock in Canada, had somewhat explored this Yukon country as far as Fort Yukon before Alaska was purchased by the United States, but they had not estab- lished any permanent missions on Russian soil. Abont 1880 the Roman Catholics sent Arch- bishop Seghers into· Alaska, who descended the Yukon and estab- lished missions at Nulato and Holy Cross. The Holy Cross Roman Catholic Mission has done very good work, and pre- sents a fine appearance to travel- ers descending the river on steamboats. There are large boarding schools for both boys and girls and an attractive farm where they can contribute to their support. The Episcopal Church also sent missionaries down the Yukon in the early eighties and missions have been AN ALASKIAN INDIAN BABY established at Eagle, Fort Yu- kon, Tanana, Nenana, Chena, Salcha, Anvik, St. John-in-the-Wilder- ness and qther points. Bishop Rowe and Archdeacon Stuck have been untiring in their efforts .to evangelize these Indians.

The third and, from an anthropological viewpoint, the most important of the Alaskan groups of natives, is the Eskimo. This strong maritime people inhabit the shores of Bering Sea and of the Arctic Ocean, and are found two hundred miles up the Colville, NQatak, Kobuk, Yukon, Kuskoquim and Nushagak Rivers. The Aleuts of the Aleutian Islands and the Alaska Peninsula are so closely akin to them that Stefanssen classes the two groups as one. These people are also found on the eastern shore of the Alaska Peninsula, on the Shumagin and Kadiak groups of islands, and a people at least closely akin to them are found on Cook's Inlet, Prince Williams' Sound and the Susitna and Copper River Valleys. All of these many tribes speak dialects of the same lan- guage.

The race is hardy, good natured, brave and naturally intelli- gent. The brave fight, which they are compelled constantly to

make against hard circumstances, has stiffened their moral as well as their physical fiber. They are eager to learn and by nature intensely religious. I have not heard of a case when the Eskimo turned away with distrust from C h r i s t ian missionaries when they first came among them.

Of the Protestant denomina- tions, the earnest and self-sacri- ficing Moravians were the first to heed the Macedonian call of the Eskimo. As early as 1789 their missionaries began to go on A CHRISTIAN INDIAN GIRL OF ALASKA revenue cutters or whaling boats to the region of Bristol Bay and Kuskoquim Bay. They established missions on the Kusko- quim River and near its mouth that have been carried on ·with. increasing power and influence ever since. One founded by them at Nushagak, on Bristol Bay, was given up on account of lack of funds and the opposition of the Russian Church.

There are no more devout and spiritually minded people any where in all that Northwest than the Moravians at Bethel, Qui.nhagak and other missions along .the lower Kuskoquim. Th(~ government teachers bear testimony to their high character and to the great progress they have made.

About 1890 the Congregationalists founded a mission at the large Eskimo village at the Point of Cape Prince of Wales on Bering Strait. This mission continues and, with its large herds of reindeer to provide a comfortable living for the people, its government schools to instruct them, and especially the religious teaching of faithful missionaries, has transformed this wind swept, bleak village into a model Christian community. During a trip to the Eskimo villages on opposite sides of Bering Strait I could not but contrast the filthy, degraded, lost, hopeless and dying Eskimo of East Cape, in Siberia (for whom no Christian work has ever been done) with the well kept houses, bright faces and cleanly Christian deportment of their brothers and sisters only forty miles distant at Cape Prince of Wales.

Preceding the Congregationalists, as early as 1887, the Swed- ish Evangelical Church and the Norwegian Lutherans established missions among the Eskimo of Unalaklik and Golofnin on Norton Bay, and Teller on Port Clarence. The Swedish Evangelicals also founded a mission among the Thlingets at Yakutat, at the base of Mt. St. Elias on the southeastern coast. Reindeer herds and

government schools have helped the faithful workers at these stations and, although the epidemic of measles in 1900-01 and of influenza last year have wrought terrible havoc, they' are making fine progress, often showing °a piety and comprehension of spiritual things that is astonishing to the visitor. The Congregationalists at Nome, and later the Methodists who succeeded to their work, have missions at Nome and Sinuk. The Presbyterians did work for a few years among these people at Teller and Council. 0 PAGAN CEREMONIES OF THE ALASKAN INDIANS On the Arctic shore the ]~riends have a prosperous mission at Cape Blossom on Kotzebue Sound, the Episcopalians at Point Hope and the Presbyterians at the extreme northwest point of the Continent, Point Barrow.

The latter mission is much the larger of the three. The settlement is pronounced by Stefanssen to have the largest number of Eskimos in it of any Arctic community anywhere. These three missions were all established in 1890 at the instance of Dr. Sheldon Jackson, then U. S. Superintendent of Education for Alaska.

In spite of the hard conditions of life and the very great difficulties of reaching these points with necessary supplies, building material and food, the spiritual work has advanced to a remarkable degree. The Presbyterian missionary at Point Barrow is a physican as well as a minister, and there is soon to be established at that point a large hospital to combat the dreadful disease of tuberculosis. At all these points in the Arctic the missionaries have taken such care of their natives that the epidemic of in-

fluenza which was so fatal in the Nome region and along the southern shore of Seward Peninsula passed by the Eskimo of the Arctic Alaska shore. An instance of vital Christianity is given by the Friend's missionary at Cape Blossom. The Eskimo in the vicinity of their mission, at the mouth of the KobUk and Noatak Rivers, are said to have adopted 250 orphans left desolate on the southern shore of Seward Peninsula by the deaths of their parents from influenza during the past year. These are but a few of the fruits of Christian teaching out of many like instances that might be given. "

At Unalaska, on one of the Aleutian Islands, is a large and successful mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church, where the native children are gathered into the Jessie Lee Home and trained in useful arts, as well as in the English language and vital Chris- tianity. The same kind of work is done by the Baptists on Wood Island, adjacent to" Kadiak, and this denomi.nation expects soon to enlarge its work among the natives north of that point.

Although the majority of the natives of Alaska have thus been reached by earnest Christian workers, whom they have al- ways welcomed and followed, yet there is still a considerable native population by whom the Gospel message has never been heard.

Dr. Claxton, Commissioner of Education at Washington, reported three years ago that there were at least 8,000 Eskimos in south- western Alaska, among whom there were no Christian missionaries or teachers. It is likely that this number of "heathen natives is diminished by about one half on account of the epidemic of in- fluenza. It is also probable that this loss of life could have been averted had the churches done their duty in the past by estab- lishing missions among these people.

Alaska is yet in its infancy. The diseases that too often accompany the advent of white men, such as tuberculosis, venereal diseases, measles and smallpox have made sad inroads upon the natives. The first census taken in 1880 reported 35,000 natives in the Territory; the' last census, that of 1910, reported but 25,000.

Among many of the Christianized tribes the pendulum is now swinging the other way and the population is increasing. The intelligence, prosperity, general civilization and Christianity of these natives among whom" the missionaries have been working have assuredly increased to a wonderful degree. Let the churches unite at once in an effort to carry the Gospel to the neglected places of Alaska by strengthening the missions already begun, and to work and pray so that these interesting peoples, so susceptible to Christian influence and so eager for the Gospel, may be helped up to the full stature of men and women in Christ Jesus.

ELIZABETH OF BELGIUM AND MRS. RALPH

The Belgian Gospel Mission*- A Result of Christian Work for Belgian Soldiers BY MRS. RALPH C. NORTON, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM O NE dark day in December, 1918, a Belgian military auto- mobile brought us to the threshold of the Hotel Astoria in Brussels. As we traversed the streets of the city, they seemed scarcely less sad than the desolate region of war wreck which we had left behind us in the country. Why did we come to this stricken land at the earliest possible moment, when only a military pass could gain us entrance ~ We had come at the • In a meeting of our Committee in America, called in Philadelphia a few days after the signing-of the armistice, we made a declaration of our intention to come to Belgium to continue there the work begun under God amongst the soldiers, and in counsel and prayer together the name, the BelQian Gospel Mi.ss1on was chosen to succeed the title of our earlier war work, tbe British and Allied Soldiers' Evan- J F. N. gelistic Campaign.-E.

43

bidding of the One who sent us out on London streets on a search for the soul of the Belgian soldier.

Today we look back with deep thankfulness to that which God has wrought. The work inaugurated in the Hotel Astoria has overflowed from the two small rooms until now we find ourselves in a large pleasant building in the heart of the city at 17 Rue du Gouvernement Provisoire.

We came to Brussels unknown, with no credentials but those supplied by the returning soldiers scattering to their homes throughout Belgium. A wonderful opportunity for service opened up at once. The Belgian Government, always kindly inclined toward us, permitted us to buy from their stores in Antwerp supplies of Quaker Oats, chocolate and condensed milk, and put at our disposal motor trucks for the distribution of these provisions" Thus we had the great privilege of giving to many little whitefaced children in the industrial regions of Belgium, when need was sharpest, their first taste of chocolate and milk after four long years of near starvation. On the Grande Place at Mons, ragged scarecrows of men and women fairly mobbed us in January, crying for monlels of chocolate for 'mes petits enfants.' Some of these experiences left ineffaceable scars upon our hearts.

In the late winter months supplies of clothing began to come from America, sent by our Amprican Committee of ladies. Now, at our own big house, we have a little cobbled court-yard, a roomy stone garage and stable, in one part of 'which our skilful concierge has constructed shelf after shelf to hold the Gospels and Testaments, Bibles and tracts which form our chief ,stock in trade; and in the other large room which was formerly used for the garage we keep our stores of food and clothing. We have sent many boxes to Protestant pastors for distribution among their people, but we follow usually the plan of having people come to us certain days to receive gifts of clothing.

What sort of folk are these who so gladly receive gifts from our hand ~ Madame Pierard is the, mother of seven, and only recently widowed. Her husband was a Christian worker with a mighty faith in God. He was killed through the explosion of a hand grenade which he had picked u~. We have given her shoes and underclothing for all her little family and when she comes to get these gifts there comes with her an old half-blind evangelist who carries the parcels home for her. He has been a cobbler in his time and though now nearly blind he repairs her children's shoes and walks two hours across the country to preach for the little flock that the going of her husband has left without a paEltor.

We have a staff of six workers, and others will be joining the Mission as soon as demobilization is completed-soldiers like Peter Van Koeckhoven, who will begin as colporteurs. One of the first

THE BELGIAN GOSPEL MISSION

IN FRONT OF T H E BEI,GrAN GOSP EL MISSI ON, BRUSSELS things we purpose is the bring'ing together of the members of the Ligue des Saintes Ecritures (Scripture League), of whom there are over fifteen thousand in the Belgian al'my at different centers in Belgium, for reunions, Bible study and prayer. Mr. Barnhouse has started a Bible Correspondence Course for these soldiers and many men are already enrolled.

A Bible Class for women meets in our building, and numbers about forty-five in attendance. When I suggested to these women a holiday in summer they.begged me not to discontinue the class' if it were not too much of a strain for me.

Perhaps our keenest interest centers in our Gospel meetings which take place each Sunday on the ground floor of our house, where we have seating space for over a hundred. Fortunately all our party are musical, and we have purchased an organ. ·Will not American friends pray that to these people-many of them unsaved-the Gospel may he brought with power and blessing, and that they may he led to cry out "What must I do to be saved 1" It is for that that we have come to Belgium, and we rejoice in many who .have already found Him in our private min-

istry; but we are looking for a real outpouring of the Holy Ghost upon these people and we pray that it may come soon. .

Weare working independently of other agencies in Belgium, but in entire accord with all those who believe in the atonement of Ohrist and in the authenticity of His Word. Never a day passes without visits from pastors and evangelists. Many come desiring to be employed by us and some who come do not return when they find how sharply defined is our evangelical position; but those who are standing for the whole truth, are rallying to us with gratitude and hearts of praise. Wle are constantly supplying these Belgian evangelists with Gospels and tracts for free distribution from our own large stores. We hope and pray that the glad light of the Gospel may be brought to thousands of homes in Belgium where as yet Ohrist is not known as Saviour and Lord.

BELGIUM BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR.

When the waT broke out industry and commerce were flourishing in Belgium; trade in iron, steel, coal, flax and other products was extensive and profitable. Everywhere signs of prosperity and activity could be seen, but below the surface there were evidences of discontent, restlessness and irritation. There was a strained and distrustful relationship towards one another in all classes of society; class distinctions were sharply defined and unlovingly expressed; social, clerical and political affairs were hotly discussed in parliament and in the press. The Roman Catholic party had reached the zenith of its power and its influence, laws were made to favor that Church, while reform movements without her approval met with no success. The masses of the people were ignorant of Christian truths as taught in the Bible. Spiritual life was dormant or dead; religious wo'rk was artificial and party-spirited; education was superficial and sectarian; morality was at a low ebb. The country was nominally Roman Catholic but the majority of the people never availed themselves of her services. Many thousands were free thinkers o'r infidels. Such was the situation before the war.

What Belgium needs today is a new Reformation, a true revival of spiritual religion. The Church of Christ must declare in clear, unmistakable terms the doctrine of justification by faith; in the atoning work of Christ; the private study of the Bible as the inspired Word of God. The Christian Church, through humiliation and prayer the witness of earnest Christian living, may, in the mercy and grace of God, bring a revival of religion that would bring new life to the Belgian people.

There are already signs of improvement in the minds of the people as the direct consequence of the war. The priest has lost very much of his power over the people,while contact with the Protestants has enlarged the minds and changed the views of many Belgian refugees with regard to the Protestant religion. The people have .become much more serious minded and Bible colporteurs declare that they have never distributed so many Bibles .and religious tracts as at the present time. Many evangelical churches and chapels, which have been destroyed or damaged by the war, should be rebuilt as centers of evangelical influence.

A. WItLLESLlty FRATItR, M. A., Pastor of the Protestant Church at Courtrai.

A STREET SCENE IN GUAYAQUIL

The Garden Republic of South America A Picture of Ecuador and its Needs BY REV. W. H. RAINEY. CARACAS. VENEZUELA T HE traveller, weary of the parched, sandy, coast line of northern Chile and Peru, is charmed at the sight of the shores of Ecuador, covered with an exuberance of tropical vegetation. At the estuary of the river Guayas, the pilot is taken on board. As the ship ascends the stream, dense forests are observed on either hand; a little later on, some tracts of cleared land are passed, dedicated to the cultivation of the cocoa bean, one of the principal prod. ucts of Ecuador. On the left we pass the forest-clad island of Pumi, famous in pre-hispanic times as the abode of a proud and vicious king named Tumballa, who, in the words of the historian, "possessed many women and children, and offered blood and human hearts to his gods."

Two hours later pur vessel let fall her anchors in front of the port of Guayaquil. The first view of the city is picturesque, with clusters of houses along the front, backed by verdure-clad hills and the broad surface of the river beneath. The long series of white buildings, with curtained balconies, looking upon the water, give what may be described as a Venice-like aspect to the port. The town stretches for about two miles along the low banks; and the harbor, two and a half miles in length, exhibits considerable com- 47

mercial activity. Quaint looking narrow canoes and broad rafts bring down produce from the rivers, and mix among the steam- launches and sea-going steamers. From Guayaquil steam-boat connection is regularly maintained with the rich, agricultural dis- tricts of the Guayas fluvial system, the boats running up as far as Bodegas, eighty miles up the river of the same name. For smaller boats the aggregate length of navigation is about two hundred miles.

The population of Guayaquil is about 60,000, of which about 5,000 are foreigners. The principal articles of export are cocoa or chocolate beans, followed by rubber, coffee, tobacco, and "Panama" hats. The principal streets are broad and handsome thoroughfares, lined with brick buildings of three and four stories in height. However, outside of this small area the state of the city is lamentable; the buildings are flimsy structures of bamboo, often the canes are not placed closely together giving the place the appearance of a birdcage rather than a human habitation. In the houses of the poorer people there is usuall:; but one room, the' family sleeping on the floor or in hammocks' slung from the roofs. In the wet season, and here it rains torrentially, the streets are converted into rivers, and in some districts the water covers the lower floor of the houses. It is these unsanitary conditions that have given Guayaquil a world-wide reputation as a yellow-fever center and as a death-trap to Europeans.

TWo missionary societies are working in Guayaquil-the Ecuador Coast Mission. represented by the Rev. W. Reed: and the Kansas Gospel Union, under the charge of the Rev. W. Woodward. Unfortunately both these missions are poorly equipped, and have their halls in suburbs remote from the center of the city. Thus they have been able to reach but a small part of the population.

Guayaquil is also the center of the Ecuador work of the British & Foreign Bible Society. From here, the colporteur, Senor Zoilo Irigoyen, reaches the towns on the Guayas river system, and on the Guayaquil-Quito Railway. For many years he has done faithful service and has circulated a good number of Scriptures in spite of the pestilent climate and the illiteracy of the people. His special field is the "malecon," or system of docks along the river front. Here he bQards daily the steamers that leave for the interior, visiting the numberless villages along the banks of the rivers which flow into the estuary of the Guayas. Moreover, beside the regular traffic of the steamers, there is a large floating population on the river, living in canoes and on rafts, many coming from the far interior for trading purposes. Some of these primitive craft return, bearing a copy of the Word of God to give light in deepest darkness to some .houses in the crocodile and fever-haunted marshes of central Ecuador.

ICt CUAM stLLER IN

49

During my stay in Ecuador Mr. Reed and myself accompanied Sr. Irigoyen on a journey up the river Guayas as far as Bodegas. On another occasion I accompanied Mr. Reed to Duran, where the workshops of the. Guayaquil-Quito R. R. are situated. After a preliminary open-air service, we adjourned to a little hall, which the workmen had rented and fitted-up at their own expense, and preached the Gospel to some seventy persons. Quietly and reverently they listened to the Good News, and we felt that here were those who fulfilled the condition of the fourth Beatitude.

It was now my desire to make the journey across the Andes to Quito, the capital, but I found it no easy matter to leave Guayaquil. Yellow-fever was rife in the town, while bubonic plague had broken out in the interior and the people were panic-stricken, and it was not easy to get the sanitary pass without which travel was impossible. However, a few days later, all difficulties overcome, I found myself sitting in a carriage of the Quito train. I was now on historic ground, full of jnterest to the student of missions, following in the footsteps of David Thomson, Luke Matthews, and other heroic pioneers.

On leaving Guayaquil the train follows the windings of the river, on the banks of which crocodiles may sometimes be seen basking in the sun; then it turns north and traverses a dense tropical forest where the humming of myriads of insects E/-mounts almost to a roar, and brilliantly colored butterflies and birds are seen fluttering from palm to palm. Then the train begins to ascend and by mid-day we arrive at Huigra, 4,000 feet above sealevel, and therefore above the yellow-fever zone. The progre~s is now continually upward, through ever changing belts of vegetation. By 6 :30 the convoy pulls up at Riobamba, (9,020 feet), where we spend the night. Riobamba is a dreary little town of about 12,000 inhabitants, surrounded by barren grey hills, and presents no animation except on a Sunday when thousands of gaily dressed Indians flock in from the surrounding country to sell the products of their farms. Missionary work is represented here by two lady workers of the Kansas Gospel Union, who frequently take their stand in the market-place and sell copies of the Scriptures. Frequently they are insulted; several times they have been stoned; but they persist in their endeavor to make Christ known. At night I addressed a small gathering at their house, and, as I left the meeting, one of the great volcanoes which surround the to·wn, Tunguralma, by name, suddenly became active. All through the night at frequent intervals, the volcano thundered, and next morning the sky was darkened and ashes began to fall over an area of nearly one hundred miles.

The following morning we were astir early. for the train left at day-break. From Riobamba right to Quito, a distance of

THE GARDEN REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AMERICA

180 miles, there is no mission work at all, the population being entirely dependent on the visits of peripatetic Bible-sellers, who are to them true messengers of the Word of God. At 11 0 'clock the train draws up at Latacunga, where we alight and lunch under the shadow of giant Cotopaxi. Evidences of volcanic activity are everywhere visible; even the houses are made of pumice stone, which gives the town a sad grey appearance. In pre-historic times Latacunga was a great city and possessed a celebrated temple to Suq, as well as a royal palace. It is said to be near here that the Indians hid the remainder of the gold which had been gathered to complete the ransom of Atahualpa, when the news arrived of the tragic death of this unhappy monarch. In recent times many expeditions have set out in search of this hidden treasure but have in every case returned quite unsuccessful.

By 3 0 'clock we were in sight of Quito-Quito the Beautifulas it is called by its inhabitants. One who has seen other cities can hardly call Quito "beautiful," although it contains buildings worthy of any modern city. It is illuminated with electric light and has a good service of street cars. The capital of Ecuador has been called the city of "seventy churches and one bath," but although sanitary conditions have been improved during the last few years they are still far from ideal. Quito is situated at an altitude of 9,500 feet, and the climate is "perpetual spring," yet the death-rate reaches 36 per thousand. In the evening the temperature is rather low than high, and overcoats, or "ponchos" are extensively worn, the former being a sign of socia] distinction.

Quito is full of churches. Some of them have beautifully carved facades, and are filled with gold and silver ornaments. The most beautiful is that of the Jesuits, which is also notable as containing the tomb of General Flores, "the Father of his Country," as the Eucador,eans love to call hjm.

The Christian and Missionary Alliance of New York has a work in Quito in charge of -the Rev. Charles Polk. On Sunday night I addressed this congregation, together with that of the Seventh Day Adventists, who combined for the occasion. The congregation, although not large, was very representative of the different grades of society, varying from the newspaper editor, to the little ragged Indian child. For in Quito "all sorts and conditions of men" may be seen, from the gentleman in frock coat and silk hat, to the stolid Quichua in his multi-colored "poncho," and the almost naked Indian from the hot forest region of Archedona. It is in its people that the chief interest of Quito consists, rather than in its buildings, or geographical situation.

During my stay in Quito I visited all the principal booksellers to ascertain if they had the Bible on sale. At last I found a shop that had on its shelves one copy of the Scio version in

Spanish and Latin, price 58 sucres, nearly $30 gold, and two copies of the New Testament in Greek and Spanish, for which they asked $2.50 each, and I have no fear of falling into error when I say that in all Quito, a town of 80,000 inhabitants, there were on sale only these three copies of the Word of God, apart from the stock of our Bibles in the hands of the evangelical missionaries. If it were not,for the Bible Societies, the Bible would be even less known today in South America than it was in Europe in prereformation times.

The total number of foreign missionaries working in Ecuador is stated by the Panama Congress statistics to be twelve, with an additional force of seven native workers; but evidently the missionary force in the country has been sadly depleted since the figurto were collected, for the. total force of Christian workers is today very much less than the figures given. However, presuming them to be correct, how insufficient is a staff of nineteen workers among a scattered population of one and one-half millions, not including the numerous forest tribes of Indians inhabiting the vast territory to the east of the Andes.

During my twelve years' missionary service in Latin America, I have obtained at least some first-hand knowledge of conditions in all the South American republics-except Paraguay, and of all these varied lands, Ecuador apw'als to me as the most needy, the most difficult in which to work all'! vp~ not the least open to the Gospel message. The Constitu… gWll'H n!peS religious liberty, the power of the Roman Catholic Cnurch is curtailed, and, on the Coast, a fine liberal spirit prevails. The "sierra, ". with Quito the capital, is still under the shadow of a corrupt and mediaeval form of Catholicism, but even here there are signs of progress, and at least the intellectual classes are willing to listen.

Quito badly needs at least two married Protestant missionaries, and a primary school. Native pastors should be placed at Latacunga alid Ambato, towns of from 10,000 to 15,000 inhabitants on the Guayaquil-Quito Railway, and supervised from the Capital. Guayaquil also needs two missionary families and a school. Many river-side towns and villages, could easily be worked from here. Then Cuenca, the intellectual center of the country, with a university and a population of 30,000, should be occupied by at least one foreign missionary with special gifts for work among the cultured classes.

"The harvest truly is plenteous but the laborers are few." "Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth laborers into his harvest." Thes:e words seems to me to apply with special force to a country such as Ecuador; open to the Church of Christ, yet neglected and unoccupied.

A Non-Denominational Community

Amherst Community Church, College Hall, Snyder, New York This church was started four years ago. The Pastor and Director is the Rev. R. Carl Stoll. There are about 1,200 in the community, and the Church, started with a memberslrip of 100, has now 300 members. There is only one other church (a Lutheran) in the community. The membership of the Amherst Church includes Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians and fourteen other denominations. The basis of fellowship is not a creed but a covenant, which reads as follows: "Thankful for God's abundant goodness and for His great gift of salvation through Jesus Christ our Lord, we covenant and agree together to seek to know and to do His 'Vill, and to promote, as far as we can, the interests of Christ's Kingdom.

"Accepting the Bible as our supreme standard of faith and duty, the Holy Spirit as our Guide and Comforter, and heartily believing in the province of private judgment in the interpretation of the Scriptures, we covenant together to recognize as Christians and worthy of our fellowship all who devoutly love the Lord Jesus Christ and accept His standard of teaching and conduct as set forth in the New Testament.

"Realizing that the success of the Church depends upon the con- secration of its individual membership, we covenant together to attend the services of the church, to contribute according to our means for its support, to labor together to maintain its peace and harmony and, as far as possible, in every way to promote its temporal and spiritual welfare."

The mode of baptism (sprinkling, pouring or immer- sion) is It'ft to the choice of each candidate. The Lord's Suppt'r is open to all who have a desire to follow Christ.

The church services include a morning preaching ser- vice, a church school and an eVEning service of r,;ong and social fellowship for young people. This latter service begins with religious music and ends with popular songs.

The annual budget was la~t year about $7,000. The salaried workers include: the pafitor-director and the office secretary who is also gymnasium director.

Gifts for benevolencE'S are appropriated to any object in which the people take an intt'rest. The aim of the ·"church·-is to givf' a::: much for othf'Yr,; m~ is spent on the community work.

The Church server,; as a commullity center to furnish wholesome recreation for the people, and about 90% of the community are touched III this way.

53

MISSIONARY EXHIBITS AT LANCASTER

A WORLD MISSIONARY

AND HOW WE DID IT Time: Three days (Nov. 6, 7 and A representative of the National 8.) Y. W. C. A. Commission, who re- cently toured the Orient in the inter- Place: Lancaster, Penna. ests of women and children, was also Selling: Y. M. C. A. Building. in attendance and imparted valuable Participants: Representatives fro m information in this line. every Evangelical Church in the City. Organization: Chairman. Secretary. Exhibits were open and free to the One key-woman appointed for each de- public during the day until eightnomination. Key-woman Committees; as thirty, at which time the Auditorium large as they saw fit. program of lectures, pageants, lan- tern slides and missionary hymn Working Funds: None. singing was presented. Object: Missionary education, (not entertainment) . Some of the distinctive features were as follows: Exhibits: An exhibit represented a mission field or nation; and was assigned Tea served by a native mother and to the respective denomination who had child in the China exhibit. attained considerable success therein. Japanese national airs and songs by a Curios: Solicited through the medium native, in Japan exhibit. of local papers and personal visits.. A unique collection. (Not one item of the Serving of native breakfast dish in entire fifteen hundred and ",ighty-six ex- Africa exhibit. hibits or curios was secured outside of Lancaster County.) Real Japanese rice served with chop- sticks in Japan exhibit. Free Literature: Supplied by the various denominational boards and generously Camouflage prescriptions distributed in distributed. medical mission room.

Expenses: Paid from free-will offer- Zenana scene at f.requent intervals in ings made at the evening Auditorium the India exhibit. events. Striking posters, presenting concrete This entire affair was planned and mission facts and information were everyexecuted within the brief pe~iod of three week s. I twas t he speC.lalm'ls- whe-e in evidence. sionary feature of the Religious edu- Through the medium of impersonations, ..:ation Committee program for 1919 short talks, dialogues and demonstrations and 1920 of the local Y. W. C. A. the many and great needs of mission Nine rooms and one large hall, work in all fields was most strikingly po'- trayed, and the visitor in going the also the Auditorium were utilized rounds was edified with a constant suc- cession of features and facts as they for the exhibits and programs. The passed from one exhibit to another.

exhibits occupying the rooms repre- In the medical exhibit room one of our fi ld C.h'ma, townswomen told the story of leprosy in sente d the of 11ow.mg s: such a compelling manner that a small e bowl placed on a table contained at the Africa, India, North American In- end of the third day enough money to dian, Mexico, South America, the SUPPO"t one leper for a whole year. The entire scene was truly cosmopoli- Moslem World, Japan and Medical Missions. tan. for despite the fact that various countries had their respective locations Five adults and five child·ren, re- in the building, a Mexican beggar was seen at times rubbing elbows with Chinese turned missionaries on furlough from maidens, in their bright-hued coats, while Persia, India, Japan and China were >l. shy Moslem woman conversed with a dark-~kinned native of India and a in constant attendance at their re- ~pectt. ve .. . . roJapanese lady was paying her respecti iln- In-dian squaw, exhIbIts, lectuTlng, expla1l1mg, instructing and demonstrahng.

S~ "'-.._.__ _

The exhibit was developed for the field for the year, e. g., China, Lat.in community, and was strictly inter- America, Negro Africa; or, on one denominational. That it accom- topic, e. g., Islam, Hinduism, Indus- plished its object seems evident from trialism, the Conservation of Human a remark made by a local divine, who Life (Medical Missions).

stated as he left the building, "that Operation. The full schedule runs enough mission facts, conditions and for eight months-usually from Oc- needs had been presented to him tober 1st to June 1st. On the first during his brief visit to supply him Sunday the pulpit deals with the with data for six months of sermon- year's theme in popular introductory izing." fashion. At the close of the year of Missions have had a new interpre- study an appropriate pageant of two tation to this community and we or more days' duration is presented.

hope that many other communities Preliminaries. To save space, we will try to use the same medium. will here deal only with one depart- MRS. C. N. McHoSE, ment concerned, that is, the Sunday- Chairman. school. The various parts of the program are placed in the hands of MISSIONARY EDUCATION AND THE a competent director, or a committee LOCAL PARISH on Religious Education. Some John Clark Archer months in advance of the inaugura- Department of Missions, Yale tion of the program a bulletin should University be issued to the teachers and officers: (a) Setting forth the plan in gen- Missionary education, from the lo- eral for the year.

cal point of view, should include the (b) Suggesting preparatory read- whole parish. A program of studies ing.

and methods should not be of so ( c) Indicating methods of class rigid a character as to deprive local work and ways of coordinating regu- users of their own initiative or pre- lar Bible lesson materials with ma- vent the full use of home resources. terials of missionary education.

One of the chief merits of any pro- The preliminarv. reading is mainly gram must be its adaptability to local from books in the small reference situations. library from which most of the in- In the plan suggested here the structional matter will be drawn.

initial point of view is the whole lo- Bulletins which are· the backbone cal parish. This plan calls for an of the program are issued monthly.

inventory of resources and then seeks The first is ready to pres.ent and from outside sources whatever is discuss at a preliminary teachers available to supply its needs. meeting, or when the plan is actually The following plan has been car- launched. These monthly bulletins ried out under various conditions in cover all the lessons used by the the past five years, and is now in va'rious classes from the Tunior De- operation in a New Haven parish. partment up, and furnish 'illustrative Scope. The whole parish is in- missionary materials for use in the cluded with particular attention to regular Bible lesson. The bulletin young peoples' organiz.ations, the references are graded according to mid-week meeting of the church and the needs of the departments and with special emphasis on the Sunday- are of consecutive cha'racter, as far school. Place is left for the co-oper- as possible. While the missionary ation of the missionary societies and materials used in one lesson do not for the formation of mission study bulk large, the cumulative effect is classes. very marked. The whole school is Study Themes. The best results being directed in several months'

come from a concentration on one study of one theme.

BEST METHODS

An extract from a department bul- dertaking. It is not narrow and dogmatic, but an experience and exletin for one week looks about as hib!tion of the widest sympathy. Its mam purpose, however, is to win the follows: world to Christ.

(Dept.) (Year) (Class) (No.) (Date) (Lesson Title) (Suggestion of point in lesson at which to introduce missionary ma- SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUP OR- GANIZA'I'ION terials.) (An actual paragraph of material, The Group Plan of the New Era Movement of the Presbyterian Church or references to paragraphs, pages or offers such great possibilities for every church that the REVIEW has chapters in books or magazines avail- asked Dr. Barclay Atchison to pass i~ on to thousands of other congregaable to the teacher. These refer- tIons.

ences beaT in mind the grade of the 1?here are two views of a congre- gatIOn. Some pastors rega'rd their pupils, or depend on the teachers for chuTch membership as their field of labor. The New Era organization proper adaptation.) within the church should transform the membership from a drain upon (Reference to general or special t?e pastor's ~nergy to an organiza- tion. led by hIm, capable of ca:-rying expressional activity.) Chnst's Message to every individual within the parish. hach teacher is given references There are at least two great reafor a month or they might be sup- sons for organization within the parish. In the face of the great plied the whole year's at once. world crisis of today, in the face of the challenge before us, the Church The monthly meeting of officers and needs all of its resou:-ces. The dif- fe~ence between a reeling, emotionteachers furnishes opportunity to dis- dnver; m.ob and an efficient army is cuss problems and methods and to orgamzatlOn.

improve the program. The second reason for organization is the need of the church members Such a plan leaves room-indeed theJ?selves for an outlet or oppor- tumty to express their -religious lives. provides a real background-for We cannot grow spiritually any more than we can physically without exerbrief missionary addresses, special cising our faculties.

programs, and intensive courses of As to the methods of organization, only a word can be said. study for stated periods, etc. It is plia~le enough for any circumstances, and serves to coordinate the varied methods and materials which rightly fall within the year's effort.

At the very beginning there is need of a survey of the local field, of taking stock of available re- sources. The coming year's Bible lessons are scanned and brought be- fore each teacher as a unit. A small reference library is acquired. The teachers do some preliminary reading and familiarize themselves with the method of handling materials. All ~he time, outside resources are used, such as occasional speakers, mission- I. We approach a church through the ary fiction and missionary pamphlets, regular channels. The program is programs and pictorial illustrations. ~rst prepared by the presbyterY.in Aims. Its general scope, then remodeled 1. Instruction. An adequate knowl- . and adapted by .the presbyterial edge of the field. committee, and, in this final form 2. Expression. To support mis- brought by the pastor before the session for consideration.

sions by various ways, includ- We recommend that the session call ing lifeseTvice. the trustees and deacons into a Systematic missionary education is council and if thought beafdovriesabtlhe~ that the matter be laid a very attractive and profitable un- whole congregation.

II. After this careful consideration by 5. Twenty copies of "Day by Day" dis- officers and congregation, the first tributed and Fa11l11y Altars estab- step'is the appointment of a com- lished. mittee of seven. This is a func- tional committee carrying down to 6. Sunday-school greatly enlarged: fifteen the various organizations within the teachers, all members. :hurch the suggestions that orig- inate with the seven functional de- 7. Young people's conference in moun- partments of the New Era National tains: thirty-six attended for ten days. Organization that have been chan- neled down through the distr-ict These are some results. But look hereI secretaries, presbyterial committees Next year we will pay $500 toward the and then to parish committees, for support of an associate minister who will the sake of adaptation to peculiar handle our outlying work in the county. We will probably also undertake to sup- local conditions. port a missionary. III. The whole parish should next be di- Tonight we "kick off" on a drive for vided into areas. In the case of a $10,000 to build a community house with city or village a certain number of playroom, reading room, gym and swim- blocks can be apportioned to the 11Iing pool. It is sure to go through in group leaders. In rural communi- fine shape. Have three $l"qOO subscrip- tions and si.r or eight for ~OO. All this ties, certain areas. in a town which had a damaging flood Group leaders are appointed for these last year and has had three crop failures in succession to contend with. Our areas for the sake of supervision. church will direct and own the Commun- A first-class group leader may be- ity House. come almost as valuable as an as- sistant pastor. His duties should be I feel next :year will be one of great blessing for us. I am finishing my a. To know every church mem- fifth year here next month. Found twen- ber living within his area. ty-nine members who paid $1,000 salary. Have now one hundred forty-one who pay b. To know every member of the me $1,900, congregation within his area. I am aNew Era enthusiast. c. To know every unchurched man, woman or child within PRAYER AND CONVERTS his area. By George A. Huutley, M. D., Oberlin, He (the group leader) should be chiefly a man who can deal with Ohio people, furnishing in the councils of the church that intimate knowl- During the Christmas vacation, edge of the parish that is needful 1886, I was preaching at a small for the execution of any plan. Baptist Church in the West of Eng- land. At the close of the morning IV. This simple organization, if it would service, a young school teacher, who be successf'Ul, must have monthly was aware of my keen interest in round table meetings. These round foreign missions, requested me to table meetings are opportunities for join with her in praying that God reports, thus fixing the responsi- would give a hundred converts on bility for the laying and making of the Congo before mid-summer day. plans, thereby bringing all of the organization resources to bear upon I reminded her that that was a their execution and for mutual ex- big prayer, for although the Bap- change 0 f ideas and understanding. tist Missionary Society had been working on the Congo for fully ten Just as fire burns when the sticks are years there had been practically no brought together, so the organiza- visible results. Many lives had been tion takes life from its monthly laid down, Hartland, Doke, Butcher, gatherings. Comber and others had made the supreme sacrifice, but converts were What the plan is accomplishing in practically nil. To pray for onp. hundred converts within six months local congregations is suggested by seemed like praying for the impos- sible, but "all things are possible to the following letter from a Montana him that belh~veth" and with Mat- thew 18:19 before us we covenanted pastor: together to pray thus, definitely for You asked me to write about our progress in New Era Work. May I put it briefly in statistics? 1. Church additions will total 100 for this year: 100 per cent increase, 2. New Era benevolence will total $1,400: our quota $400. 3. Twelve men' and fourteen women studyin!?, "Money the Acid Test." 4. Men's B,ble Class. Nl!'IJer had one be- fore.

1920"] BEST METHODS

God's blessing upon the work up till but considered that it would be then attended with so much danger wrong to take a collection at such and discouragement. a moment. Some with emotions deeply stirred may perhaps give Long befoTe mid-summer GDd's more than they ought, while others Spirit was outpoured upon the may give less than they ought. He Church at San Salvador and there gave the Mission's address and re- was a great ingathering. I believe quested his audience to go home and the actual number baptized was one pray, "Lo'.:-d, what wilt Thou have hundred and one. me to do?" If after that they de- sired to contribute to the work they It is significant that when Elijah could use the mail or call in person. on the top of Mount Carmel prayed for rain, after many intercessions Next day there came a letter to the and much waiting there came "a office of the China Inland Mission little cloud out of the sea, LIKE A from the chairman of the meeting, MAN'S HAND." Why like a man's admitting that on the previous even- hand? I do not know, unless it was ing he was inclined to be irritated at to show that man had a hand in the Mr. Taylor's persistence, but as re- coming of the showers which were quested he went home and prayed so soon to fall upon the parched about it and now enclosed a check land. for one hundred pounds; and added that if the collection had been taken We need more pair meetings as he desired his contribution would which become prayer meetings. "If have been a nve pound note.

two of you shall agree on earth as r heard Mr. Taylor relate this intouching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my cident at a small gathering of mis- Father which is in Heaven." siona'ry workers in London many years ago. PRAYER AND MISSION FINANCE TITIDNG METHODS In the early days of the China Inland Missiop, Mr. Hudson Taylor, its FiTst Methodist Episcopal Church, founder, was asked to address a Cleveland, 0., Dr. E. L. Waldorf, larg-e missionary gathering at Exeter pastor, has a notable record in the Hall, London. The invitation was stewardship of service, life and accepted on the distinct understand- money, covering the past four years. ing that no collection should be taken. The membership has increased The historic hall was packed with from 600 to 2,100 members, with ackeenly interested hearers who were cessions each Sunday but three dU'!'ing stirred to the -depths as the speaker the entire period. pleaded China's spiritual needs and claims. The benevolences have been multi- plied by five. Five hundred tithers At the close of the address. the have been secured. The Centenary chairman of the meeting insisted that quota of $95,000 for the next five Mr. Taylor forego his condition that years was over subscribed, and there should be no offering. He reached a total of $207,000 for that went on to state that the people were period. so moved that some would be glad to give even their jewelry for so Thirty young people offe:-ed themgreat a cause. It would be a mis- selves for specific Christian service. take not to give opportunity at so Two of them are now on mission psychological a moment. fields and four are ministers of the Gospel. Mr. Taylor, in his quiet, inimitable way insisted that the condition These results have been made pos- .should be observed, was glad that sible by tre1ting a growing atmosthe people were stirred about thei::- phere which is more powerful than responsibility to Christ and to China, argument, by a recognition that life

is not in compartments but must be lives wisely by holding before them served as a whole; and by careful in a study class the world needs, the organization, so that no one in the home needs, and the qualities essenchurch is overfed and underworked. tial for Christian service. The membership is divided into forty groups of fifty members each. Each This four-fold program underlies group serves a mid-week supper the multifarious activities of the once during the yea';: at 25 cents per church and has resulted in quickenplate. The supper is followed by ing the people mentally and spiritu- ally, and in making it possible to study classes. mobilize quickly any of them or all Each group is divided into four of them for concrete service.

committees, with twelve members on Could the story. be told of particua committee. The forty Intercession lar incidents showing the beneficent Committees develop Intercession working of this program on inplans for the church and are respon- dividual lives it would furnish wonsible for the personal workers' train- derful inspiration and reveal victories ing class. The forty Tithing Com- and triumphs most beautiful and mittees inspire the people to tithe worth while. We must mention the and are responsible for the Mid- man who was dividing a one dollar Week Bible Study Class.. The forty gift each Sunday between the current Education Committees circulate the expense and the benevolence sides of church literature and maintain a his church envelope, who now puts Current Events Discussion FO'rum in $20 a week on the current expense side and $60 per week on the benevoan effort to apply the Gospel to lence side. And the young idler who present day .problems. The forty was shirking every responsibility who is now an enthusiastic minister of an Life Service Committees, secure the active church in a difficult field. enrolment of voung people for special service and help them to invest their Eternity Longer Than TIme* SELECTED BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN In 1896 Doctor Ida Kahn and Doctor Mary Stone, two young Ohinese girls were graduated from the University of Michigan and soon after began their work for their sisters in Ohina, pointing them to the Great Physician who is able to make them every whit whole~ "I am glad you are going back as a doctor," said a lawyer in America to Doctor Ida shortly before they left. "Doctors are more needed than missionaries."

"No, sir," she replied, "I do not think so. Eternity is longer than time."

Though zealous in their profession, these Ohinese Ohristian doctprs feel that the soul is even more important than the body, .and the great purpose of their faithful ministration to the sick arid weary bodies of their sisters in Ohina is to lead the sin-sick soul to the Great Physician. ….:..-_._._.- ~ ,.~. Adapted ofrfomM. is"sCiohnisn.a'sWNeeswt ,MDeadyi"ordb.y Isaac Taylor Headland.. Tke Central Committee on the United ..~tldy Mass.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by Florence E. Quinlan, etc.

DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS be widely distributed. They are now ready and may be secured, free, from February 20, 192[1 the denominational women's boards.

"TOGETHER" is the keyword of A CALL TO PRAYER the present area. We have wit- "The World to Christ We Bring nessed nations accomplishing mighty things together,-things impossible if Will you Pray attempted separately. We have also seen the conquering power of a That all Christian women may respond united front attacking the citadels of to this Call to Prayer and meet in cities, sin. Councils and federations have towns and villages, Hmorning, noon, or in been born and waxed strong. An in- the evening," to ask God's mercy upon ternational mind and interdenomi- the troubled and confused nations and national vision have come into being. His blessing upon His servants as they The line of demarcation between seek to bring the world to Christ; Jerusalem, Judaea, Samaria and the uttermost part of the earth is fast That the women who have in their ceasing to be a line of cleavage. care the preparation and plaus for the meetings may have clear vision and loving For many years, missionary so- zeal as they con~er together; cieties have been observing, interdenominationally, a Day of Prayer That all the Christian women of our for Foreign Missions and a Day of land may strive to promote all agencies Prayer for Home Missions. Now, and organized effort looking towards the at last, together the thanksgiving, development of the spiritual resources of petition and intercession for home the Church of Christ and the purification and foreign missions will arise. The of our national life. first Friday in Lent has been chosen by the Federation of Woman's Prayer Boards of Foreign Missions and the Council of Women for Home Mis- "Behold what manner of love Thou sions for the annual observance of hast bestowed upon us, our Father, that this united Day of Prayer. we should be called Thy children. We thank Thee for this precions relationship. Together these two organizations We thank Thee for the sense of pardon, have prepared a program for Feb- for the peace and power and joy and Tuary 20, 1920, based on the happily- knowledge of Thyself which comes to us inspired theme "The World to Christ when we walk as Children of Light an!! We Bring." Copies may be secured, remember our Father's commandments to one cent each, Hom the various de- do them. nominational women's boards, home and foreign, the Council of Women "Forgive us, 0 God, that we so often for Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave- and so easily forget. Forgive us if the nue, or Miss M. H. Leavis, West memory of the great war fails to lead us ::fedford, Mass., agent for the Feder- to a deeper devotion to Thy service. ation. This program will be ready Save us, we beseech Thee, from falling and on sale January 1. "A Call to back into easy and trivial ways of living Prayer," a two-page card, contains when the needs of a suffering world cry topics for preliminary, preparatory to us for help. prayer. This card, a portion of which is given below, fits an O'rdinary "Lord. touch my heart and the hearts correspondence envelope, and should of hosts of women who claim to be Thy children with the same divine pity which moved Jesus with compassion for the multitudes. Let these coming weeks for us be a time of preparation for a united effort to make this a better world at home and abroad. Bless especially all mission- aries of the Cross of Christ and give unto them their heart's desire.

"Remind us daily of Christ; assure us that nothing is impossible to faith. Keep 61

up prayerful and obedient. Show us the II. A poster bearing the title of the shame and folly of living unto self, and paragraph on page 108, "Enrichment the joy of being laborers together with of America," may show a list of ilour risen and glorified Lord. So bless us lustrious names of our foreign born and make us a blessing, for His sake, citizens with photographs of some Amen." notable ones. "World's Work" and "Review of Reviews" will be found All boards are urged to bring the helpful in preparing such a poster. matter befoTe their constituencies as widely as possible; speakers and III. A demonstration-"Path of Progress" leaders are asked to announce the -may be shown on a raised platunited Day of Prayer for Missions, form or long table, each helpful and to impress upon women every- agency being represented by a where that each feel a responsibility, miniature brick of paving stone if no one else is taking the initiative, placed by one who describes the to call together women of all denomi- work of that organization. "The nations in the local community by Americanization Bulletin" gives such January 15 to plan for the obse:"v- information. ance of the Day of Prayer; and pastors are requested to insert a notice IV. A chart called "Rules of the Road" in church bulletins and to call atten- could summarize the guiding printion from the pulpit for at least two ciples of Christian Americanization, Sundays before the Day of Prayer, such as: that we may all be together "with I. Turn to the right when meetone accord in prayer and supplica- ing traffic. (Don't turn away tion" on that day. from the crowds of foreign born.) SUGGESTIONS ON THE BOOK 2. In case of accident stop and se- cure facts. (If there is trou- "Christian AInericanization, A Task for ble in a foreign community, try to understand the reason.) the Churches" 3. Drive with special care in crowded tho r 0 ugh far e s. By Eva Clark Waid (Study racial animosities and their remedies.) Chapters V and VI 4. Blow your horn at chnrch cor- Progress and Purpose of Christian ners where the view is ob- Americanizati@n. Thus may we char- structed. (Awaken the church acterize the last chapters of our to her duty in Americaniza- Home Mission textbook, and, as we tion.) have studied in p,evious articles the perception of our task and the diffi- 5. .clearly displav your license culties of our task, we may in Chap- numbers. (Have churches ters V and VI, study the perform- op en ed and Iighted, an d a ance of "a task for the churches." welcome ready.) Each chapter may be considered 6. Use special care in school from three standpoints: t~e pictorial, streets. (Realize the value the program, the practical; and the::-e- of public schools and help in bv a variety of uses is made possible. their enterprises.) Chapter V-"The Path of1 Progress"- This chart could be explained with could be considered pictorially as follows: illustrative incidents or the "Rules" could be interlined. I. Place upon a burlap screen or against a wall three groups of pictures V. A map of the local community or a showing the development of the copy of the Interchurch Survey map immigrant from his landing at Ellis of the region could be displayed and Island to his present position as an explained, showing the agencies of American. "World Outlook," Wom- help and progress. en's Home Missienary Magazines, "Everyland," and "National Geo- The program treatment of chapter graphic Magazine" will supply ma- terial. V might well take the form of analysis, argument, anecdote. Give a c1ea'r view of the whole chapter in a concise analysis, preferably placed on chart or blackboard. Follow with arguments for and against certain points suggested in the analysis; fo:"

instance, "Is discontent a hopeful symptom of progressive Americaniza- tion?" "Are public forums a help

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

in Americanization?" "Can foreign the Council of Women for Home language clwrches assist the progress Missions for 50 cents. This set of, of Americanization?" "What agency posters can be used to illustrate the does most for Americanization ?" paragraph on page 134, "New na- tional morale."

"Is religious tolerance needed in our II. Secure original posters by a contest, newer immigrant communities ?" asking for an Americanization illus- "What signs of progress in Americanization have you noted?" tration of the theme: "Who is my neighbor?"

III. Present before the study group a re- Close the program with a well- cruiting poster for Christian service planned series of incidents and anec- or send a post card invitation with dotes of Americanization, drawing an illustration or sketch calling to material from daily papers, the "Sat- service for the foreign-born. For instance, a group of Italian chil- urday Evening Post," "Survey," the dren sketched on a postcard stretch denominational weekly papers, out their hands and say, "Meet us "Christian Endeavor World" and at the Italian mission, 24 Genoa the "Americanization Bulletin." Ask place, next Sunday morning at 9 :30 and tell us a Bible story." Such a a number of people to tell these inci- poster could be hung in the church dents, and arrange them in such or- vestibule or on the bulletin board. der that they carry out the idea of progress in Americanization. IV. Make a large circular frame modeled after a penny, with "E Pluribus Unum" at the top. Within this The program might also center on frame exhibit foreign types making some one theme of the chapter, since up America. the field of study is so extended, and V. At least a dozen simple charts, made be built up from such suggestions as on manila paper with crayons, could bring to the eye great patri- these: Progress in Industrial Ameri- otic sayings as to the price of nacanization; The Public School as an tional unity : Interpreter of America; The Immi- "The virtues of our mingled blood grant's Contribution to America; In one new people blend."-Van Dyke.

Music, an International Interpreter. "They must upward still, and onward, Trades journals, educational maga- Who would keep abreast of truth." -Lowell. zines, the "Etude" and "Literary Di- " * * • From sun to sun gest" will give material. That clarion cry, 'My country' makes men The practical treatment of Chapter one."-Burton.

V should include visits to citizenship The program treatment of Chapter classes, clubs, churches, institutes, VI should summarize the study of patriotic meetings where the actual the preceding chapters and bring Tesults of Americanization can be some clear conclusions. Definition, seen. It should also include efforts Development, Duty might be the dito hold exhibitions of foreign. handi- visions of a program, using the mawork and art, or special musical programs by the foreign-born. The terial of the earlier chapters for the neighborhood pageant and the play- first two and basing the third diviground celebration, the closing ex- sion upon pages 135- 137, 154-156. hibit of the Vacation Schools and the . Three speakers could thus give a opening of American homes to complete analysis of the chapter. groups of foreign born men and A quiz could follow, each person women are all practical methods of writing the answers to the follow- ing: "Define Americanization in a studying the Path of Progress. Chapter VI-"The Price of Na- brief paragraph." "What signs of development in national unity can tional Unity"-could also have its you mention ?" "What are your pictorial study. ideals fOT America?" "What special 1. Use the Liberty Loan posters and thing can the Church do in Ameri- other war material. The poster, canization which no other agency "Americans All" can be secured in the set of six posters furnished by can accomplish ?" "What do yo"

think you can do?" "What connec- effect of the use of the peyote. tion is there between Americanization The paramount need of native Inand an International mind?" "Explain the real motive of Christian dian ChTistian leaders, to interpret Americanization." Christianity according to the racial soul of the Indian. ECHOES OF THE WICHITA INDIAN The urgency of a unified program CONFERENCE of religious education, with trained religious wmk directms in the gov- By Mrs. John S. Allen ernment non-reservation, and other government and mission schools. A Conference of Christian Workers Among Indians held at Wichita, The need of Christian education Kansas, September 24-26, attested for children under twelve years of this growing breadth of interest. age, in order that a basis may be To this conference came Indians and laid for Christian ideals. whites, field workers and secretaries, women and men, from the Sioux, The inappropriateness, if not the ilthe Kiowas, the Winnebagoes, the leg-ality, of assigning funds from the Apaches, the Navajos, the Pimas, the United States treasury for the edu- Nez Perces, the Crows, the Osages, cation of Indian children in sectarian schools. the Cheyennes, the Cherokees, * * * The desirability of permitting com- Baptists, Congregationalists, Dis- petent, restricted Indians to conciples, Friends, Methodists, Presby- tribute reasonable amounts of their terians, Episcopalians, Reformed, own property or possessions to re- Lutherans, Indian Rights, the two ligious and benevolent purposes for Home Missions Councils, and the Indian welfare, if properly safetwo Y's, out of their respective cor- guarded. ners to join hearts, hands and voices, to pray and plan for the whole task The need of an adequate social of saving the American Indian for and health program and propaganda Christ, for America. for himself and among Indians. for the world. Since the Indian boys lie in Flanders Field, Indians The Conference urged appropriate are members of the United States action on all of these matters, adding Congress, and other Indians are pro- a number of valuable general findducers of music and literature, it is ings concerning the desirability of not too much to claim for them a conferring immediate citizenship on world' reach. all Indian soldiers and sailors en- listed in United States service during While it might not be objectionable the last war; concerning provision to review in detail the scope of the for native-born Indians being merged Conference program and discussion, into the citizenship of the State, beit would be a needless repetition of ing given the protection of, and being an effort already worthily and ade- subject to the State laws. quately perfmmed. (Send for free pamphlet, "Cooperation for Indians," The Conference also reaffirmed its Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth belief in the primary importance of Avenue, New York City.) a native Indian Church, with an or- ganization of life and worship devel- One of the many satisfactions of oped under competent native leaderthe Conference was the fact that ship. It reaffirmed the necessity of those actually doing the work, those a thorough-going policy of comity who daily meet the Ind.ians and their and cooperation between Christian problems were the chief participants evangelical agencies that will secure· in all of the discussions. Such ques- the largest measure of efficiency, econtions as the following were among omy and success, and wiII p~ovide those receiving especial emphasis: adequate care for every tribe and every group of Indians within the The social, physical and religious national <'omain.

– …. ~ r•- NEW. S FRO~ M~ M- ANY…..l-L.A:N;-D.S ~

'GENERAL immediately to raise $1,000,000 in the next five years for the purpose 'Missionary Possibilities of establishing a Hebrew Christian Headquarters and Training School FOR less than the cost and equip- for students preparing themselves ment of a single battleship, the for Christian service among Jews at following work was conducted last home and abroad. They also wish to year in foreign lands: send out Jewish Christian evangel- ists, and to render practical and spir- Thirteen hundred and sixty-six itual help to Hebrew Christians missionaries and 6,870 native work- everywhere, but especially those in ers were employed during the enti;'e Russia, Poland and Palestine. Rev. year in spreading the Gospel. H. L. Hellyer of New York was elected president of the. Alliance and Four thousand four hundred sixty- Rev. S. B. RohGld of 165 Elizabeth seven congregations, with 172,325 Street, Toronto, Canada, Secretarycommunicants and 406,587 adherents, Treasurer. were kept at work. What the American Red Cross Did Two thousand and sixty schools were conducted for twelve months, SINCE the memorable day in 1917 training 777,680 young people in when the United States entered Christian cha.:-acter and good citizen- the war of nations, the American ship. people have either pledged or paid into the treasury of the Red Cross Eleven prmtmg presses threw off in money or materials a net total of 59,740,420 pages of Christian litera- $325,000,000. This general response ture. to the call of service for suffering humanity has been accompanied by One hundred and seventy-five hos- a devotion and enthusiasm in the dopitals and dispensaries treated 704,714 ing, and a spontaneity in the giving cases. The missionaries ministered which cannot be measured in terms to lepers, sheltered insane, cared for of dollars or time. Up to July of orphans, taught the blind, the deaf, last year, the Red Cross work rooms and the dumb, promoted moral re- of the United States turned out 490,- forms, and made the Gospel of 120 refugee garments; 7,123,621 ho&- Christ a living force among multi- pital supplies; 10,786,489 hosDital tudes of people. dressings. Subscriptions to the first garments and 192,748,107 surgical Arthur 1. Brown. war fund ar.lounted to 115,000,000. and to the second. $176.000.000. To Fellowship of Reconciliation this is added $24,500,000 from mem- bership dues. T HE Fellowship of Reconciliation is a Christian world movement The figures showing expenditure~ within the churches, seeking to put are equally interesting. In France, emphasis upon the necessity of un- $36,613,682 were spent for military -compromisingly following. the ethical activities and civilian relief. In standards of Jesus Christ. It be- Italy, more than $12,000,000' were lieves that a social and industrial set aside for service work, up to evolution of wide sweep is now in January, 1919. $11,989,097 have progress. A national conference been expended for various activities was held at Highl:md, New York, in connection with camps and canand an international conference in October in Utrecht.

The Hebrew Christian Alliance· AT A recent meeting of the AlIi- anc~ !! was voted to set about 65

tonments in the United States, and time on such places, even if they a considdable sum was used in car- were mentioned in guide books. The ing for Americans imprisoned in business man admitted that this was Germany and Austria. partly true, but offered a few sug- gestions in line with business effi- Health and the Rockefeller Foundation ciency, among them: up to date guide books; attractively illustrated, THIS philanthropic organization cleverly written circulars giving in- was established by Mr. John D. formation about schools, kindergar- Rockefeller to promote public health tens, and other places of interest in and medical education in many lands. Christian work, which might be dis- Last year the various departments tributed to San Francisco, Seattle conducted the following activities and Vancouver, in the cabins of outwith an expenditure of $15,000,- going- ships; nicely bound books il- 000, a campaign against tubercu- lustrating the usual places of interlosis in France, for malaria con- est to tourists, but also prominent trol in Arkansas and Mississippi, to missionary institutions, churches, check yellow fever in Guatemala and schools, etc., to be placed on the Ecuador, to root out hookworm in tables Of ship libraries. the United States, and encourage sanitation, to improve public health in Japan Evangelist. Brazil and Australia. A school of hygiene was opened in connection NORTH AMERICA with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; fifteen buildings were pushed The Decalogue to the Fore toward completion in Peking, China; twenty-four missionary hospitals and THE practical character of the schools were aided in China; South Christian work being. put into American institutions were aided in effect by the young people of a establishing research departments in Methodist Church in Charleston, W. South America; maintained sixty- Va., is shown by four hundred poseight fellows and scholars in Ameri- ters, displaying the Ten Commandcan medical schools; supported ments inconspicuous type, which studies in mental hygiene; made ap- they have placed on the walls of propriations for the care of infantile .schools, stores and public offices of paralysis and for medical research, the city. To offset objections by made surveys for the Red Cross and Jews or Catholics, the paragraphs contributed largelv to various war- of the text are not numbered. Those work agencies. who find themselves obliged to face the Ten Commandments at every Advertising Ml"slon Work turn will find less excuse for violat- ing them. ANEW YORK business man who had crossed the Pacific many MIssionary Education Movement Abtimes visited a missionary friend in Tokyo and remarked that mission sorbed work ought to be better advertised. THE Missionary Education Move- "Why shouldn't mission work be ment, which was founded in advertised the same as Buddhist 1902 by the Mission Boards of the temples and pagodas and all that larger Protestant denominations, and stuff? You read up in the guide which has done a .vast service ever book about Kobe, for instance, and since in publishing interdenominayou find everything mentioned except tional literature, and holding sumthe fact that it has two of the finest mer conferences and classes, has Christian schools in the Empire, now been taken over by the Inter- Kwansei Gakuin and Kobe College." church World Movement and will hereafter be known as the Mission- The missionary ventured that the ary Education department of that 0':- average tourist would not spend any ganization. Dr. Miles B. Fisher, formerly secretary of missionary

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

education for the Congregational musical and dramatic spectacle will Education Society, is the new direc- be staged in Madison Square Garden, tor. with soloists, costumed participants, and a chorus of 1,000 voices. "Everyland," the children's missionary magazine, will be published War Recruits for Missions as befDTe. THE Presbyterian Board of For- The Continent. eign Missions reports that more than 500 young men and women who Inter-Church State Conferences have served in the war have, since the signing of the armistice, applied SIXTY-SIX state conferences were at Presbyterian headquarters for held in December under the service in the foreign mission field. auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. These were planned to In addition, fully 1,000 young present the program of the Move- people have sent in applications to ment to the "key" lay and clerical be considered as candidates for the leaders of the United States. Each missionary force. This in spite of conference extended over three days the fact that the largest missionary and was addressed by one of twelve reinforcements in the history of the "teams" of National leaders, trained denomination are being sent out this in a Special Conference in Atlantic year. City last November. Those attending the State Conferences are to The Christian and Missionary Alliance carry back the inspiration and information to their local churches. A DURING the four years of war Speakers' Bureau has also been or- the Alliance received gifts ganized to send speakers to business amounting to $954,701.22 for foreign men's conventions, civic clubs and work-over twenty per cent more other gatherings. Another plan is than in the preceQing four years. the organization of many thousands The missionary work abroaQ is conof "minute men" who will be ready ducted in sixteen fields and twentyfor service in every town and city two languages-in India, China, T~bet, in the country. French Indo-China, Japan, the Phil- ippines, Palestine,West Africa, the Student Volunteer Convention Sudan, and South America. It was not interrupted and the missionary THE Eighth International Student staff increased from 259 in 1914 to Volunteer Convention, which 300 at the close of last year; there holds a session every four years, a:re also over 600 native workers. will meet in Des Moines, Iowa, De- The baptisms on the field numbered cember 31, 1919, to January 4, 1920. 5,630 during this period and the mis- It is expected that the attendance sion stations and out stations inwill include six thousand students creased from 271 to 497-a gain of and professors from more than a 83 per cent. One missionary in Inthousand educational institutions. dia reports having preached the Gos- There will also be present missionary pel to over 20,000 people during one leaders representing various lines of touring season. Congo native mis- Christian work in foreign lands. sion workers conducted 23,370 Christian services in villages. "Wayfarer" in New York Schools under the care of the Alli- ance number 261 with 5,878 pupils. THE pageant of "The Wayfarer," which was the outstanding fea- This organization has a parish of ture of the Methodist Centena:ry over 40,000,000 heathen souls for Celebration at Columbus, is being which it is exclusively 'responsible. given in New York City daily for It is looking to God for an increase fiv(j weeks, (beginning December of its missionary income during 15) under the auspices of the Interchurch World Movement. The

1919 from $300,000.00 to $50~,000.OO, ~IonTOe, Slacum, Jay, Tilden, Hamilto cover its program of rem force- ton, Hancock and Leavenwarth; and ments and' projected advance. at Honolulu, Hawaii and Fort Wil- liam McKinley, Philippine Islands. New Temperance Board Program The Lumberjack and the Church ON ACCOUNT of the adoption of national prohibition in the United THE lumbermen of the Pacific Coast have some picturesque States, the Board of Temperance of opinions upon things spiritual, as disthe Presbyterian Church h~s changed covered by the recent Interchurch Survey of the IUJ;l1ber regions. . its program to emphasIze ot~er One man gave as his reason tor phases of moral welfare. These In- not attending church that p:eachers "never preached any more about clude social hygiene, amusements <:nd sin, evaded the truth, and were too recreation, delinquent and d~fectIve anxious to please people." He added that he knew that he himself was a classes, the family, and juvemle wel- sinner and would be lost without Christ. A woman in one of the fare. They are giving publicity to camps declared all '~he der:ominations were putting fram SIX to. mne preac?- the effect of cigarettes on youth, and ers in small tawns, whIle people III -remote sectians were being allowed other lines of physical and mOTal to "go to' the devil," the little chil- dren particularly growing up as gadeducation. They hope to help bnng less as heathen.

young people into closer relation. to Education for the Southern Negro itdheealsChouf rmc~hrriaangde to promote hIgh THE greatest cause of unrest and home-making. among the colored people of America is probably the SOCIal and The headquarters are Columbia Bank industrial limitations that face them. An indicatian of the failure of the Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. South to deal fai'rly with the Negro is seen in the inequality of educa- Y. M. C. A. Activities Transferred tional privileges. The per capita ex- penditure for white and fOJ:" Negro I N COMPLIANCE with govern- children in public schools vanes from ment orders the War Wo'rk Coun- $14.29 for white and $9.96 for col- cil of the Y. M. C. A. on Novem- ored children in Oklahoma, to $10 ber 1st transferred its welfare work for white and $1.44 for colored in activities as conducted in the tem- South Carolina. Only in Kentucky porary buildings erected. during w~r does the allowance, for Negroes equal times within the camps 111 the contI- that for white children. In mast of nentai limits of the United States. the states Negroes have only a per The Y. M. C. A., also at the request capita expenditure of from 14% to of the Government, will transfer, 50% of the amount allawed for white without reimbursement, its 593 tem- children, porary huts withi~ the Army camps, together with theIr complete eqUIp- What the Negro Needs ment valued approximately at $4,- 500,000, for continued use by officers 1. Equal educational facilities with and men. white children up through the gram- mar school. At the time of the signing af the 'armistice, the Y. M. C. A. was oper- 2. Suffrage rights on the same basis as that adopted fur white peo- ating in the United States 1171 huts, ple. with 5717 secretaries and other wurkers.

will Permanent buildings of the Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. which continue to operate include the fol- lowing; Brooklyn Navy Yard, N. Y.; Newport, R. I.; Norfolk, Va.; Charleston Navy Yard, Boston, Mass.; Vallejo, Cal.; at the Presido, San Francisco, California; at Bre- merton, Vashington, D. C.; at Forts

NEWS FROM MANY LA:NDS

3. Equal justice in courts of law, Christian press. Practical printed and protection from mob violence. hints for successful fanriing do much to break the force of superstitious 4. Opportunity for employment in ideas about the failure' of crops, government positions and in all and thereby win an open-minded at- forms of industry, skilled and uri- titude for the Christian viewpoint skilled, with wages and opportunity exp'ressed in the same publication. for advancement according to ability. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, under the auspices 5. Protection of colored women of the Interchurch World Movement, from insult and wrong on the part is issuing a new magazine in Spanish of white men, with .diligence equal for Latin America, La Nueva Demoto that used to protect white women cracia, which purposes to fill this from wrongs perpetrated by Negroes. need. The price will be $3.00 a year, and with each new subscription 6. Opportunity to travel and live is given a dictionary or a choice of in accommodations in harmony with some educational book. cleanliness, good behaviour and ability to pay. Nothing less is demo- A Vindication of the Golden Rule cratic or just. MR. Benjamin P. Clark, Vice- 7. Adequate welfare work for president of the Plymouth Cord- Negroes to promote physical, moral age Company, cites his experience and religious health among Negro for ten years with a mining commen and women, boys and girls. pany in Mexico, as a testimony to Nothing less is Christian. the loyalty and reliability of the Mexicans. The danger of supposing LATIN-AMERICA that all Mexicans are brutal and treacherous, and that it is useless to Newspaper Evangel'lsnl Needed expect reasonable dealings with them is apparent in our present relations. REV. John Ritchie, for a number M'T. Clark says: of years edito'r of a South American religious periodical, writes "We have tried to treat the in The Biblical Review, that while Mexicans as human beings, We told the large percentage of iJliteracy them that in all ways we should in South America raises .a ques- respect them and their wives and tion as to the value of the 'reli- familie~ as we would our own. We gious periodical, persons in almost went to it as a human proposition. every community can be found who The effect was prodigious. will read aloud in the family or in groups; and the very scarcity of "This attitude brought out the best reading matter whets the appetite there was in those people and the for more. Railroads are few. the best there was in us. For eight years era of good roads is not yet, and and a half of revolution the ro;r:- of the people are too scattered to be our mills never stopped, Today, reached by the force of missionaries 7,000 men operate them, of whom now available; so that only meager 57 only are Americans, (less than results can be secured from large one per cent.) . We have fed them, expenditures of time and money in fought. typhus and influenza with itinerating. The prejudice' against them, fought everything with them, Protestantism. prevents many from and they have done their part like entering a church, whereas the print- men. Two things I must say. After ed message quickly gains a hearing, Vera Cruz we insisted that all our The relation between Christian prin- Americans leave Mexico. The p~op­ ciples and civic justice, the counter- erties were left in absolute charge of acting of false teaching and the Mexicans for eight months.. They building up of Christian.character stole nothing; they allowed no one a're some of the aims that may be realized through an extensiQnof the

else to steal. anything; they operated specified, and the Bank of the Rethe plants successfully, and returned public, a government institution, them to us in as good condition as closed in honor of "Virgin's Day." when our Americans came out." Atheist newspapers continue to de- nounce proselytism. The number of Is it inconceivable that a similar those who seek true liberty is slowconfidence between employer and em- ly increasing-. and only when the ployed in our own country, a cor- masses obey this higher call will the responding application of Christian republic be free indeed. principles, would prove the solvent of our present labor unrest? EUROPE New Woman's Organization in Cblle African Races Association THE "Club de Senoras" in Santi- GLASGOW has an "African Races ago, Chile, attests the awakening Association," organized to prosocial consciousness among South mote closer union of Negroes and American women. It is a purely Negro descendants in the British cultural organization in its aim, but Isles; to discuss topics affecting the is the only organization for women welfare of the Negro race, and to of the better class in South America, present papers from time to time and is typical of the growing desire upon some particula';' colony of for a broader horizon for women. Africa. The Association also offers to supply information regarding suit- Child Mortality in Chile able places 6f study, cost of living, conditions of life and such other in- THE Chi I d h 0 0 d Conservation formation as may be required by League for Mexico, Central and African students planning to take South America, under the auspices courses in Great Britain. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, plans to strengthen missionary work General Assembly of French Protestby means of the hospital and dispensary, especially adapted to the antism needs of women and children. A beginning is to be made by estab- THE Fed era I Co u n c i I of the lishing a hospital in Santiago, with Churches of Christ in America branch dispensaries in outlying ter- sent representatives to the General ritory, in the hope of diminishing the Assembly of .French Protestantism present appalling death rate. It is which convened at Lyons, France, estimated that 75% of the children November 11-14. The significance in Chile die under two years of age. of such a meeting will not be lost on those who are familiar with the -W. H. TEETER. history of French Protestantism, and are in sympathy with the desire to Religious Freedom in Uruguay aid it in assuming a more influential part in the life of France. SECTION I, Article III of the new constitution for Uruguay declares Protestant Efficiency that all forms of religious worship are free, that the state sustains no Les N oltvelles Religieltses, a Cathoreligion, and exempts from taxation lic publication of Paris, voiced a all houses of religious worship. It tribute to Protestantism, not to say a concedes to the Roman Catholic reflection upon the fruits of Roman Church all temples and chapels built Catholic training, when it said: totally or partially by public funds, except such chapels as ·form part of "The most cultivated Italian fampublic asylums and hospitals. ilies apply to Protestant pastors for servants because of the reputation But this religious freedom does these have fOT honesty, industry, and not mean religious equality. Catholic courtesy. The royal family, though mass is still said in the chapels Catholic, intrusts its little ones to the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

care of Protestant nurses and gov- sula and they have been imprisoned, ernesses. All doors open to Protest- their work has been spoken against, ants." they have been stoned in the streets. They, however, continue to work -Record of Christian Wark. tirelessly to build up Christian char- acter in the people. Methodist Church of France Missionaries at work in the Bal- AT the French Methodist Confer- kans hope that the government and ence, held recently in Paris, rep- political parties in that part of the resentatives from the Wesleyan world will sometime get rid of some Methodist Conference made arrange- of their selfish ideas and learn to ments to assume part of the direction live together peaceably without hate of the work, in view of the increased and avarice and envy one toward need of the French churches. The another. "No American missionary arrangement has been accepted, and of Bulgaria, Greece, Albania or it is hoped that a new era of recon- Serbia," writes Dr. King, "wishes to struction may now set in. The see any injustice done to any Bal- Methodist Church of France has de- kan state or section and Bulgarian veloped from the missions established Protestants often times pray for by the Wesleyan Missionary· Society, those who are considered Bulgaria's though, since it began its separate enemies. There never will be ariy career in 1852, it has never been en- olive branches picked off a bramble tirely self-supporting. bush and there never will be a real peace for the Balkan states until The Christian. they lay aside their hatred one toward another and come together Protestant Missions in Bulgaria with a determination to maintain order and see that each tribe re- CHRISTIAN Missions in Bulgaria spects the rights of life, liberty and were conducted under great diffi- conscience of all the others. The culties during the war. Touring was impossible. Nothing was kept mISSIOnary work in Bulgaria, in up but the mission schools and the Greece and in Serbia is seeking to native pastors' work in the churches. There were many times of perplex- correct the undesirable conditions ity, especially when the missionaries of character and living that obtain had great difficulty in finding sup- in those countries and the work deplies for the boys and girls in their schools. Living was very expen- serves hearty sympathy and supsive and there was no way of. com- port of all Christians. municating quickly with the American Board headquarters in Boston. Salvation Army in C:recho-Slovakia Since the truce was signed teachers are in great demand. ALTHOUGH the people of Czecho- Slovakia are intelligent and in- American missionaries kept aloof dustrious, theiT moral standards are from the political embroilments of the war, since. America did not de- low, and the country offers wide clare war against Bulgaria. Dr. H. scope for social and spiritual work. B. King, a missionary in Samokov, declares that there is no vestige of During last year in Prague alone 913 truth in the statement that the American missionaries showed pro- children have been arrested for thiev- German sympathy. The Bulgarians ing. There :rre also 5,000 friendless, who have no sympathy wLth the mission work feign to believe that degraded girls in Prague. General the Protestants are trying to under- Booth recently commissioned Col. mine the faith of the people so that Larsson to open up Salvation Army American missionaries generally are not popular in the Balkan Penin- activity in this country, and the gov- ernment has agreed to be responsible for the rent of all buildings needed fO'r the Army's work.

Budapest Mission to Jews nople Armenians organized relief NOTWITHSTANDING the fact work for their destitute fellow coun- that Bolshevik authorities in trymen and started orphanages for 3udapest addressed a communication over 2,000 orphans. Homes for to the Director of -"the late Scottish Armenian girls rescued from Turkish Mission," the grave has not closed Arabs have been started by the over this Free Church Mission to American Young Women's Christian Jews, and it manifests many signs of Association worke:-s.

life. Between January 1st and July 31st no fewer than 224 Jewish peo- Importance of Aleppo T ple-114 men, 63 women, and 47 HE S y ria n missionaries have adopted resolutions calling f()r the ch!ldren have been baptized. For months on end the principal native immediate acceptance of Aleppo as a missiona'ry has been occupied from mission station.

early morning till late at night in- (1) It is a city of 250,000 in- structing inquirers. The trials of habitants, with a large adjacent terri- the workers have been severe. Many tory.

times the Communists essayed to lay . (2) It occupies a strategic situa- hands on the Mission property, but tion at the junction of the Syrian every attempt was thwarted by the. railway with the Bagdad-Constanti- staff. Food, fuel and clothing have nople line.

been unbelievably difficult to obtain, (3) It is the most northern center but the Hungarian workers have of A'rabic-speaking people.

faithfully upheld the cause. (4) It is now occupied only by -U. F. Record. small, weak missions.

MOSLEM LANDS ( 5) There are indications of special preparedness on the part of Constantinople During the War the people.

ELIZABETH Dodge Huntington, The missionaries of the various who was in Constantinople during societies hope to carry out a cothe war, tells of great suffering operative program for the occupa- among its more than one million tion of Aleppo. This will include population of Moslems, Greeks, Jews, schools far boys and girls; a church Armenians and Europeans. The city building suitable for use of foreign- was full of German officers and their ers and for Arabic-speaking peoples; families who lived ext:-avagantly, but evangelistic and educational mission- most of the others were obliged to aries. Medical work is already pro- sell all they had to buy bread. Even vided through an excellent hospital.

then they became emaciated and ill from want. Oppression from the How AmerieR Cares for Orphans C Turkish authorities was everywhereAMP Wilson at Derindje near Constantinople may be taken as apparent, and bribery was almost llliversal. Multitudes of women and typical of hundreds of others which the Near East Relief has organized children were destitute. The brighter side of the situation to care for orphan children in was seen in the efforts to relieve Armenia and Turkey.

suffering. Some Germans, Turks, The camp has a popUlation of 400 Greeks and Americans conducted boys and they are divided into three soup kitchens at great expense. Amer- groups, consisting of Armenian boys ican missionaries continued thei'T edu- who speak only Armenian, Armenian cational work. Robert College, Con- boys who speak only Turkish and stantinople College and Gedik Pasha Greek boys who speak only Greek.

School were kept open and the Several native workers who have been students did good work. After the educated .in American colleges, act as armistice was signed many Constanti- interpreters for the groups.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Camp Wilso~ is located in a build- iNDIA – ing which. was once a palace of the Christian Education in India Turkish Sultans. The grounds stretch from the hill down to the shore of TIDES and cur Ten t s of new the Gulf of Ismid, where the boys thought and life are sweeping swim. The pupils are enthusiastic through India-political, social, eco- about their work and learn quickly. nomic, moral and -religious. The Instruction is in charge of Americans problem is baffling. With nine-tenths and is carried on by native teachers of the people in blank illiteracy and who received their education in India divided into a dozen faiths. American missionary schools in Tur- 147 languages, as many races and over 2000 different castes, the key. educated leaders are demanding seIf- Of children alone in this stricken government and home rule. The problem is, can the non-Christian land there are a quarter of a million, faiths produce the honesty, efficiency, many of whom, having lost both unity, and leadership necessary for parents, do not know their own responsible government? Great Britain is committed to a large advance in names. self-government in each Province. American and British officers, India must now face the terrible strain of responsible government under pres- thoroughly familiar with conditions, ent day conditions. Her hope will estimate that not more than twenty- lie largely in the Christian Colleges five percent of these refugees can which are centers of Christian liberty survive through the winter except as in the darkness of illiteracy, super- stition, idolatry and poverty. help is given by the Allies. G. S. EDDY. Sunday Schools In Asia MInor Sudras Look for a Saviour THE Sunday-schools of twenty-six Protestant churches of the Aintab THE Sudra or farmer caste of India expect a Saviour of the station, with a member.ship of more world to appear in the near future. They say that He is now doing penthan 8,000, as well as the Gregorian ance in the Himalaya Mountains and that accomplished He will reign for a schools were literally shattered by the thousand years, when tiger and lamb shan eat from one rice bowl. Somedeportations. In Aintab all the Sun- how the Christian hope has permeated the life of this caste. day-schools and day school buildings German ~Iiss1ons in India were wrecked by the Turks' wanton THE government of India has destruction, sacked and tom down made permanent arrangements for the future conduct of German mis· for the value of the desks and win- sions in India by creating intermediary Boards of Trustees to which the dow frames, floor and roof beams. property in each Province will be conveyed. This provision includes What is far more serious, nearly all the property of the Basel Mission and Trading Society. The properties are the teachers, men and women, were to be held until such time as these trustees can transfer them to any put to death or died of disease and Protestant mission or missions, church or churches that may be apexhaustion in the deportations. In proved by the Governor-General or some large churches, such as Urfa, where there were at least thirty Sun- day-school classes befOTe the war, no . Sunday-schools are left, and only four or five of the old teachers.

This coming year is an all important period. A good strong start will re- store the courage and faith of the churches: .

The Armenians in Aintab have sent a request to the World's Sunday School Association that Rev. Stephen Trowbridge be appointed to direct the Sunday-school reconstruction work in that part of Asia Minor.

Council. The intermediary Boards of chairman of the meeting, boldly an- Trustees ilhall be constituted with a nouncing to the audience of a thou- chairman and two non-official mem- sand non-Christians that he had ac- bers, nominated by the National Mis- cepted Christ as the only hope of sav- sionary Council of India; also, two ing China. Wr. Wang contemplates official members nominated by the resigning his post to enter Christian iocal government. work.

With regard to the Gosner Mission An Official Enters Y. M. C. A. Work of Chota Nagpur, a commission of i.nquiry has been appointed to visit EIGHT years ago Mr. Wen, a the field and ascertain whether the Chinese official and adviser to the Christians wish to become independ- Governor of Foreign Affairs, came ent and self-sustaining, to be in to Shanghai as a Confucian official charge of American Lutherans, to be to meet Dr. John R. Mott and Dr. :supervised by the National Mission- Sherwood Eddy to request a Y. M. ;ary Councilor to unite with the C. A. building for his city, Nanking. Anglican and Lutheran Missions. Four years later when Dr. Eddy visited his city, at a banquet given Jlindo Missionary Organization by the governor and after an address on "Christianity, China's Only Hope," A HINDU Missionary Society was this man made a decision to enter the formed in Bombay in 1917, for Christian life and was baptized the the purpose of building up Hinduism. following Sunday. He then stated his Its weekly paper, the Hindu Mission- position boldly before a theatre ,ary, tells us that "Hinduism is great crowded with students. Last winter and noble and true. In the bosom Dr. Eddy went to Nanking to ask Mr. of Hinduism is the perfect expressi'on Wen, at great sacrifice, to give up of the science of the divine." official life, forego his large salary, his chance of promotion and a possible According to its own confession, the governorship in order to enter Chris- :Society came into existence through tian work as a Y. M. C. A. Secretary. fear of the influence of Christian He accepted the call, and Dr. Eddy missions, and with this motive un- went with him to the Governor to derlying it the prime object has been obtain his release. After an hour's to induce Indian Christians to return interview on the present crisis in to Hinduism; and they claim that in China, and the need of developing the this work of recovery they have been moral character of China's young IVery successful. However, in the men for future leadership, the Goverannual report of the Society, issued nor gave his consent. 'last July, three such instances only ;appear. Chinese Increase Contributions The headquarters of the Society are THE increased liberality of the in Bombay, with branches in Poona, Christian Church in China is most Nagpur and Bagdad. It also operates in South India. Their magazine is encouraging-. Taking into account the published in both English and Marathi. present difference of exchanges, last CIDNA year's total contributions were more Christian CommIssioner of Police than five times the amount reported A CHINESE official, Mr. Wang, before the war, or five years ago. attended Dr. Sherwood Eddy's meetings in Nanking a few years ago, The question of self support is before and sat in the front seat with fifty other Confucian officials. At the last the Chinese Church as one of its chief '0 meeting he left the other officials to problems. China's Millions.

,eOme the platform as the Christian INStudent Conference 10 Shantung Shantung, focus point of present world interest, the Grinnell College group held their first summer con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 7S

ference, gathering their preachers and 3. A hymn should be sung and a teachers for three weeks of close study prayer offered, also at least one verse and inspiration and inviting workers of Scripture read. The use of the from the neighboring missions, in- "True Spiritual Food" calendar with cluding the London Missionary So- its verse for every day is recomciety. The list of topics discussed mended. Where no member of the furnish answer to the query some- family can read, repeat whateve: times raised as to whether mis- Scripture can be remembered. sionary methods are interesting. They included: How Psychology Helps 4. Before "eating rice" a blessing the Preacher-How May a Church should always be asked. Where there Get to Work-The Function of a are children a verse of a familiar School as a Social Institution-China hymn may be sung. as a Teacher of Nations-How Reform Movements Develop, including 5. Remembrance of God's mercies prohibition, political democracy, and should be made. In times of special industrial democracy in series- difficulties special prayer for help Modern Views of Heredity-The should be offered. League of Nations-Home Hygieneand all of these in addition to steady The Continent. daily work in Bible Classes and conferences on church methods and high Phonetic Script Wins Favor purpose. THE new Chinese phonetic script Presbyterian (Jhurch in China is sweeping every thing before it. The Governor of Honan has sent two VARIOUS Presbyterian organiza- representatives to Peking to learn the tions have united to form The system and to come back to teach it Presbyterian Church in China. This in the normal schools. The Governor church will prepare its own Confes- of Shansi requires that one person in sion of Faith and Book of Church each family be able to read the Order, which will probably be based phonetic script. Over 5,000,000 pages upon the standards of the churches were printed in less than six months. represented by the missionaries who The Gospel of Mark is finished and have built up the Chinese churches. is being sold at four coppers; the Representatives of the churches of the Gospels of Luke and John are half London Mission and of the American through the press. 70,000 New Year Board have requested that they and folders in phonetic script have been their churches be permitted to join printed. At Chefoo the Chinese cooks ill the organization of the General put phonetic symbols on the pies. The· Assembly. There are twenty-five pres- Governor of Shansi is issuing a newsbyteries in China. paper in phonetic script. The slogan "The Chinese Church a Bible reading The Presbyterian. Church within the next two years throughout China" has been taken up. For the Family Altar It is estimated that China's non- T HE . following suggestions for Christian illiterates number 324,000,- family prayers were recently 000, and Christian illiterates, 188,- made by Chinese Christians and 000; while the non-Christian literates adopted in Kochow-Youngkong: are given as 36,000,000 and Chris- tian literates 125,000. 1. A quiet retiring place shall be found in the house where the family JAPAN-CHOSEN may be by itself. (In the Chinese household to find the "place" for Emergency Call prayers is a real problem.) THE Japan Mission has sent a 2. A fixed hour should be set aside; circular to the American Board preferably 7 o'clock, or just before constituting an "Emergency Call to going to the day's work. Prayer." They ask for missionary reenforcements, for additional native

workers, for financial aid and for government, and of the Christian spiritual awakening. Japan's ne~d for denominations in the city. the Gospel 'and for spiritual gmd.ance is emphasized in a few admomtory Life of Faith. "don'ts." Work (or Women in Japan DON'T turn down Japan because she has shown a selfish spirit in dealing FOR every ten factory laborers in with China. the United States, two are wo- men and eight are men. In Japan, DON'T turn down Japan because she seven are women and three are men. has committed atrocities in Korea. In most of the factories in Japan, ap- Turkish atrocities against Armenia prenticeship, low wages and dormi- never stopped missionary effort in tories are in vogue, with twelve to that land. sixteen hours in a day, seven days to the week. A third of a million DON'T turn down Japan because of girls and women pour into the fac- her militarism. Her struggling demo- tories every day. Because most fac- cratic spirit needs as neyer before t~e tory owners know nothing of the friendship of the Amencan Repubhc. value of human life, the employees are used full speed with insufficient DON'T turn down Japan because food and no care, then tossed aside (you think) sJ1e is. already ~hristian­ and new material taken on. ized. Japan IS still esse~tlapy no~­ Christian. The Church wlthm her IS Japanese leaders, realizimg that the fighting against fearful odds. strength of the nation is being sapped, are inducing factory owners Missionary Herald. to offer unlimited opportunity to the Y. W. C. A. to come in and set up Religion and National Life welfare programmes. Because of the unfit condition in which these THE Japanese Minister o~ Home girl workers in the factories are Affai'rs, Mr. Tokonaml, feels housed, the secretary of the Y. W. greatly concerned over the ~ocial and C. A. in Kobe is planning a Chris- economic unheaval occasIOned by tian dormitory, with Japanese men the War, and recently called into and women readv to cooperate. conference the heads of local govern- Tokyo has 30,000 young women away ments, requesting their support in an from home. The Y. W. C. A. has dor- effort to strengthen the moral charac- mitory space for eighty. The plan ter of the Japanese people. includes beside accommodations for Japanese business girls, a few bed- He invited religious leaders repre- rooms for missionaries and rooms . sentative of Hinduism, Buddhism, and for some of the five thousand Japa- nese wives who leave Japan each of Christianity to a conference for the year to make new homes in the same purpose. At th~s gathe:ing United States, It will cost $25,000 there were present. besides vanous to carry out the plan, but t~e value Government officials, representatives is permanent and far-reachmg, and of thirteen Shinto and fifty-eight deals with "life eternal." Buddhist . sects, and six Christian denominations. The Minister stated Japanese Make Observations of Chris- that he had come to feel deeply that legislation and economic regulati':lns tianity were of no avail in strengthemng national character, and he begged re- BISHOP Tucker, of Kyoto, Japan, ligious leaders to add to their ser- writes that the special Japanese mons words that would awaken the commission sent to the United States consciousness and guide the people at to study the influence of Christianity this critical moment. on American life reported that "While education, commerce and industry A similar meeting was held in have been developed to a wonderful Osaka, under the auspices of the Mayor, which was attended by seve~al other representatives of the C1ty

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

degree, there is little evidence that the to use the word colony for Korea, Christiap. religion is regarded as im- since it is a country with its own spe- portant by most 9f the people." cial historical development. The recent unfortunate disturbance in Korea, It is in accordance with the Nip~ which was due to a lack of under- ponese turn of mind to wish to reach standing,. will turn out to be a great an accurate estimate of the practical blessing to us, because it has aroused working value of Christianity in na- in us a renewed purpose to do our tional development, and if the report best for the improvement of Korean had been favorable, it is reasonable affairs. I assure you there will be to suppose that missionary effort a remarkable change in the adminis- would have received material en- tration of Korea." couragement. The Commission was presumably an honest and thoughtful Korean Missionary Society group of observers, but the question at once arises as to where their ob- NATIVE Korean women show servations were made, and how ex- themselves to be very capable in tensive was their investigation. conducting the business of their mis- John Jackson Memorial sionary societies. The explanation is l..TEGOTIATIONS are proceeding that the Korean woman is nothing if 1 ~ toward the establishment of a not practical, and is naturally evangel- Home for Untainted Children of istic in spirit. Lepers in Tokyo as a memorial to The women of six Presbyterian the late John Jackson, but the chief difficulty lies in acquiring a suit- churches in Pyeng Yang have been able site. The need of such a home in Tokyo is greatly urged by mis- united in one society for a number sionaries, who suggest that a moderate beginning be made with funds at pres- of years under the leadership of the ent available, trusting that as time goes on the means for enlargement first woman to receive baptism in that may be secured. city. Bibles for New Year Gifts The society employs eight women I N the Island of Formosa, a promi- nent Japanese official not as yet a to go out two by two to villages and professed believer in Christianity, spent the sum of 50 yen (about $25) districts where there are no churches. in the pu'rchase of Bibles and New Testaments to give to his friends as Four of these women are engaged in N ew Year gifts. "The entrance of Thy Word giveth Light." preaching and teaching all the time.

A Japanese View or Korea The other four are sent out on special THE Commission on Relations trips. one trip lasting perhaps three or with the Orient of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in four months. A church recently or- America recently received a letter from Dr. K. Ibuka, President of a ganized largely owes its existence to Christian College in Tokyo, in which ·he referred to Japanese administra- the faithful work of one of these tion in Korea as follows: women. "In annexing Korea it was our purpose to better the condition of the Korea Mission Field. people without any idea of discrimination. To my thinking, it is wrong AFRICA The North Africa Mission DURING the past thirty years the North Africa Mission has been working in Morocco, Tunis and Al- giers. They have now 64 mission- aries who are loyally seeking- to win the Moslems to Christ. The force has recently been depleted while op- pOrtunities have increased so that there is a strong can for reenforce- ments. The work includes Bible de- pots, evangelistic meetings, schools, medical work, and training of con- verts. The address of the secretary

is 18 John St., London, W. C., Eng- a better substitute. On the other land. hand, if the white men stopped the importation altogether, so much the Egyptian Life Unified better.

THE Egyptian uprising against C. M. S. Review. England in the summer of 1919 involved great loss of life and property Barotseland'B Christian King -there were nearly three thousand casualties on all sides, one-third being LITIA Yetta, Barotseland's Chrisfatalities-and many barriers to mis- tian king, appointed a day of sion work were raised. Politically, humiliation and prayer before choos-· the revolt sealed Egypt's fate, since ing a new prime minister. The man England will hardly consider a nation selected was Tawila, baptized with the ready to govern itself, which has ex- name of Abrahama in 1899. At his. hibited such riotous tendencies. Many investiture, King Litia caused all the Egyptian leaders who in good faith people to assemble and addressed contributed funds toward the move- them in remarkable terms. "Tawila," ment as a righteous and worthy cause, said he, "What I say to you I say deplored it when they realized its true to my whole nation. What was our significance. country? A little unknown land gi~en over to disorder and anarchy, rushmg On the other hand, the ill-fated to its ruin. If we have not perished, movement has not been without hope- to whom do we owe that? To the ful portent. Apparently it has united m[sslOnaries. You have been in- Moslem and Coptic in the country's structed by them. What is important, cause, and has demonstrated that, with above all, is to cling to what has .saved a motive, the Egyptians can act cc;m- us, to the Gospel, to God. It IS He certedly. It has brought Egyptian who has given us peace. You have to womanhood out of orientalism into make the nation live, and in oyder for active life and has given all Egyptians that you must lead it to Life. It is a new sense of responsibility which the Gospel that has made us live." io the foundation of real progress. Life of Faith. Prohibition in French Colonies Tribes Becoming Independent THE governor-general of ~'~ellch Equatorial Africa, who [S also I N the Bechuanaland Protectorate. governor of all French colonies in where fifty years ago all mission West Africa-from Senegal to the work was supported by outside Congo-has decreed that after Janu- agencies, there are now many native ary 1, 1920, the importation of alcohol colored churches, quite independent of is prohibited, as well as the sale or foreign aid. The Tiger Kloof Nat.ive distribution to the natives of spiritous Institution is sending out a successIOn liquors. From the same. date all of well trained native pastors and drinking places kept by natives are to teachers who are taking increasing rebe closed. sponsibility for the evangelization of South Africa. Liquor ou the Gold Coast Samoans Believe in Prayer I T is reported that the Accra abocuhtietfsh~ when asked their opinion THE Prayer Union of Samoa has liquor traffic, replied that been of immeasurable value in educating the natives in Christian the white men had imported spirits service. Its membership has increased tenfold during the past nine years. from time immemorial as an article The Union is equivalent to an in- formation bureau, as the following of trade. If they had now found summary of its activities will show. out that the stuff was poisonous, and Paragraphs requesting prayer on wished to stop its importation .the chiefs were ready to accept the Situation. They were willing to accept

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

social, political and missionary mat- in 1911. In the years between his ters are inserted in the monthly mag- withdrawal from active missionary azine of the Samoan Mission. During service and his going to Kuling, Mr. the annual missionary conference, Foster acted as honorary pastor of united prayer meetings are held. Hankow Union Church. He was in Nearly 800 persons were present in the fore front of the many social 1919. An annual booklet is published and moral movements in China, and in Samoan, describing missionary ac- had a prominent part in the fight tivities, not only in Samoa, but on the against the opium traffic. Gilbert Islands and those in Papua and northern New Guinea. Fifteen Baron Nicolay of Russia hundred copies of the 1919 edition had to be printed to meet the demand. BARON Paul Nicolay, whose death occurred at Wiborg, Finland, early The Prayer Union is a source of in October, was one of the contribuhelp and encouragement to the native tors of this REVIEW. He carried on Samoan pastors. an important work among students in Russian universities and at the time Queensland Aborigines when students were forbidden to hold public meetings, was in the habit of THERE are, it is estimated, 17,000 inviting small groups to his home, to aborigines in Queensland, grouped bring them under the influence of the in three settlements. Ten mission Gospel. When Dr. John R. Mott stations, subsidized by the British visited Russia, and held large gather- Government, are engaged in educating ings of students, Baron Nicolay acted and uplifting these aborigines. The as interpreter. system aims at settling the natives on small holdings of their own, with a The war compelled Baron Nicolay view to their becoming self-support- to leave Russia, and his last two and ing. Surplus produce is disposed of a half years were spent quietly in at cooperative stores, each settlement Finland. having one of these under supervision of the government. Frederick N. Jessup of Persia OBITUARY NOTES A cablegram received on Decem- ber 9th announces the death of Arnold Foster of China Frederick N. Jessup, an American Presbyterian missionary in Persia. THE death of Mr. Arnold Foster, Mr. Jessup was the son of the late missionary to China of the Lon- Henry H. Jessup of Beirut, Syria don Missionary Society since 1871, and was graduaed from Princeton took place at Kuling, China, July 30, University in 1897. He has been 1919. Mr. Foster's field of service in Persia for nearly twenty years was in Hankow until 1899 when he where he has been one of the most was transferred to Wuchang, and highly valued workers. He died there he served until his retirement of pneumonia after a brief illness.

MISSIONARY

The Christian .Movemc:nt in the Japa- stor.J:' wit~. a st<l;tement in regard to hIS rehglOus Me. This is char- + nese Emplre. EdIted by Edwin acterized by service for mankind and by the will to do God's will. Tay.Ipr ~gIehart. 12mo. 4S0pp. There are statements and posi- XXVIl wIth charts. Conference of ti~ns in this chapter that may be Federated Missions. Tokyo Mis- mIsunderstood and misinterpreted, but they are the honest statements sionary Education Movement. New of a useful Christian man. Dr. Grenfell seems to believe in a re- York. 1919. ligion of good works, not only as a test of true Christianity, but as This new volume of a valuable the basis of salvation. He says that what Mr. Moody did for him year book is packed full of infor- at his "conversion" was "just to show that under all the shams and mation in regard to Japan, Korea externals of religion was a vital call in the world for things that I could and For~osa. While chiefly con- do." A man's intellectual -attitude toward Christ does not now rtrouble cerned With Christian missions and Dr. Grenfell, and his own theologi- cal views seem to be hazy. N everviewing all matters from a Chris- theless he says: "Christ now means more to me as a living tian viewpoint, the authors and presence than when I laid more emphasis on the dogmas concerneditors contribute much general in- ing Him."

f<?rmation. There is a general re- While we cannot agree with Dr. Grenfell in minimizing the imporview of the year in Japan, written tance of what a man believes the truth for which one stands and the by the editor, and a history of authority on' which he bases the convictions that determine conduct, sixty years of Christian progress n~vertheless we fully agree with hIS emphasis on the necessity for by Rev. H. S. Wainwright. The a Christlike life and in good works as an evidence of living faith. No evangelistic, medical, eydouucnagtiopneaol~ doubt Dr. Grenfell really gives a literary, social service, larger place to creed than he ac- knowledges. pIe's and union work are described The book is written III the by various authors in an illuminat- charmingly informal style that is ing way. Here we learn for exam- characteristic of Dr. Grenfell. It ple of the institutional church is entertaining and stimulating-a work in city evangelism, the recent bo?k which men especially will enJoy. labor movements in Japan, and the Christianizing Christendom. By Rev. Chosen Christian College. There S. L. MO.rris, D. D. 12m~ 206 pp. PresbyterIan Committee of Publiare also missionary directories and cation, Richmond, Va.

statistical tables of value. There This text book, by the Executive is almost nothing on the Korean Independence Movement.

A Labrador Doctor: By WiIfred T.

Grenfell. Illustrated. 8vo. 441 pp.

$4.00. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Bos- ton. 1919.

Many friends of Dr. Grenfell, the picturesque and heroic mission- ary to Labrador, will welcome his -own story of his life and work.

It is a book of facts, of confes- :sions, o~ adventures, of hardships; 1t descnbes the home life and the training of school days, the young doctor's experiences in East Lon- don, the influence of D. L. Moody's preaching, the work for North Sea :fishermen, the lure of the Labra- dor, the tours and ltehcetureus~iqthuee ice-pan adventure, courtship and marriage, and the war work. Dr. Grenfell closes his Secretary of Home Missions of the leyan Methodist, first takes up the Presbyterian Church in the United necessity of girding ourselves to States, is an able exposition of a new battle-a battle at home for Home Missions. Dr. Morris starts righteousness and brotherhood. If with the teachings of Christ as the the world is to be saved from disbasis for his study an Christendom, aster, the Church must keep her cooperation, unity, Arne ric an soul awake. He calls for a league churches, the present crisis, race of churches to promote unity in problems and the new era. _As a Christian work. He asks for a new study of principles and problems it test of a Christ'ian-namely, the is naturally less picturesque than likeness of the individual to Jesus some other studies of peoples and Christ. He emphasizes the need places, but the arguments are con- for Christian ideals in social and vincing and the principles enun- industrial relationships. Here are ciated are fundamental to a right chapters to stimulate thought and eonception of missionary responsi- life and to furnish material for biJi,ty. sermons. Dr. Morris uses telling facts and charts to show that Home Mis- The Social Gospel and the New Era. sions in America constitute a large By John Marshall Barber, Ph. D. factor in world evangelization. He 12mo. 232 Pp. $1.75. The Macdefines Christianity as "the Spirit millan Co. 1919. of Christ in action" and differentiates between evangelizing and The Church, on the one hand, Christianizing. He makes the ar- and society, on the other, are the resting statement that "America is two chief factors considered in this being paganized faster than the well balanced study of the "Social world is being evangelized" and Gospel." It is a comprehensive shows conclusively that while some and careful presentation of the subtowns may be over-churched, ject from the Christian point of America is not over-churched. view of a professor in Boston Cni- Those who come to this land must versity. He treats of the Kingbe brought under the s~ay of dom of God as "a subjective state Christ and this country must become Christian or she will be a of the individual, * * * a present menace to the world. objective state in society * * * and Social Christianity in The New Era. a future event," emphasizing the By Chaplain Thomas Tip 1a d y. social idea of the Gospel rather 12mo. 190 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. than the more fundamental rela- Revell Co., New York. 1919. tion of the individual to the King- dom of God. Both phases of the The author of "The Cross at the subject need to be emphasized, for Front" has written a new message while the basis of all Christian to explain the lessons he has social service is a right relationlearned from the war. Mr. Tip- ship to God, through Christ, this lady describes some things he saw must produce a right relationship and draws his conclusions as to" the between man and man. Granted' state of society, the needs of men, that men agree upon an ideal, the and the opportunity and responsi- one thing needful is power to realbility of the Church. He calls for ize that ideal. Here is where many a practice of Christian idealism in preachers of the "social Gospel'" business, in the State and in social fail. They try to change men's life; in the relations of capital and lives before they change their labor, the relations of the sexes hearts. and the training of children. Dr. Barber gives some very prac- Chaplain Tiplady, who is a Wes- tical suggestions for the promotion of organized Christianity, the de- velopment of Christian leadership, the relation of the Church to so- racial characteristics and the politcial and economic life and the ical, economic, social, religious and religious education of. children. He educational phases of their life. rightly defines religious education These factors must all be taken as "the effort to impart a knowl- into account in order correctly to edge of the ideals and teachings analyze and to understand the of Jesus Christ and to develop such problem. loyalty to them as will induce the individual to maintain a conscious The book is well written and is fellowship with God and to prac- pervaded by a spirit of fairness tice Christian helpfulness." He and by a w.holesome optimism. It voices the need for a high order suggests plans which are construcof Christian teachers and of Chris- tive and practical, though there is tian leadership in our churches and no attempt to outline a compreother educational institutions. He hensive program for a complete quotes Professor Athern who says: solution of the probelm. "15,000,000 children in America receive no religious guidance what- Ruling Lines of Progressive Revelation. ever" and that "over 35,000,000 By Rev. W. Graham Scroggie. people over ten years of age are l2mo. 144 pp. 4s. 6d. Morgan outside the membership of any and Scott, London, 1919. church." Dr. Scroggie, a reverent and con- In view of these and other facts servative Bible student, has writit is essential that ,Christians take ten several helpful books on Bible up more seriously the task pre- study and prayer. His latest volsented in the unchurched or over- ume is a series of studies to show churched rural communities and in the unity and harmony of the Bithe congested and foreignized cit- ble. These studies include, beies. The volume is worthy of care- sides an introduction on the unity ful and discriminating study. of Scripture, The Dispensations, the Advents, PrGlphecy, The Types Our Italian Fellow Citizens. By Dr. and the Kingdom and Church. Francis E. Clark. Illustrated. 12mo. They are brief outlines with many 217 pp. $1.50. Small Maynard, Bos- quotations from Scripture which ton, Mass. offer an excellent basis for more complete investigation and for ad- The national life of America will dresses on these subjects. be profoundly affected by the admixture of Italian blood, and the The Soul of America. By the Rev. interests of this country demand Charles L. Thompson. D. D. LL .D. that the Italians who come to our 12mo. 251 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. shores be Americanized and Chris- Revell Co. 1919. tianized. Dr. Francis E. Clark, the founder of the Christian En- Home Missions have been a deavor movement, has written this mighty force in the development of book for the purpose of creating a America, and the one agency that sympathetic attitude toward these has prevented America from los- Italians. This sympathy is an es- ing her soul. Dr. Thompson, who sential prerequisite for the success was for some years secretary of the of Christian work among them, and Presbyterian Board of Home Misis born, not of mere sentimentality, sions, gives in this volume the but of a better acquaintance with main contributions of Presbyterian the people themselves. The author Home Missions to America's presvisited the districts and towns ent strength. He goes back to ·the whence our Italian immigrants early days of the Puritans and have come, and there had oppor- guides us along through the years tunity to study at close range their of growth and progress as the representatives of the Church swept westward, touched the Indians, entered the Yukon, endeav- speaks from knowledge gain.ed. by ored to regenerate the immigrants, residence in Mexico as a miSSIOnto rejuvenate the country churches ary, by travel in these troubled and to reach Spanish speaking peo- days, by study and by interviews ples. Dr. Thompson is a lucid and and correspondence. He is now forceful writer, a statesman whose secretary of the "Committee on view point is to be sought. Cooperation in Latin America."

The Foundations of Mormonism. By Mr. Inman reviews the various Wm. E. La Rue. Illustrated. 12mo. aspects of the Mexican problem, 243 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revel! and gives facts with which we Co. 1919. ought to be familiar. There are many conflicting reports and opin- Mr. LaRue writes as only one ions, and a layman needs a guide brought up in the Mormon church to find the way out of the intricould write. He has brought to- cate maize of the puzzle. With gether facts from original docu- many illuminating facts and fitting ments and from first hand knowl- incidents Mr. Inman shows the need edge that will greatly strengthen for reliable sources of information. those who wish to combat the If this is true of Americans, it is Mormon propaganda. The book much more true of Mexicans. With contains a challenge to Mormons less experience in international reand a warning to those Who are in- lations, with few reliable newsdifferent to the Mormon menace. papers, and with multitudes un- able to read, it is little wonder After a brief description of the that they misjudge American incharacter of Morm@nism, Mormon tentions and are easily led to behistor:y, Joseph Smith and the Mor- lieve that the United States wishes mon sacred books, :,Mr. LaRue to swallow up their fatherland. (who is now a Baptist clergyman) Mexico is emerging from autocexplains clearly Mormon doctrines racy, and has not yet learned and institutions. The book is not self-control and eplightened selfas extreme in its denunciations as are some other anti-Mormon writ- government. Mr. Inman assures ings, it is not so entertainingly us, however, that order is coming written as Mr. Cannon's or so full out of chaos, and that the Caras Mr. Linn's volumes, but it ranza government will make good makes an excellent practical and if America will be patient. Alauthoritative handbook on the sub- ready Mexico has won in its conject. test for the breaking up of landed estates, for a readjustment of taxes, Intervention in Mexico. By Samuel for the right of suffrage and for Guy Inman. 12mo. 248 pp. $1.50. the elimination of the Church from The Association Press, New York. politics. They now need educa- 1919, tion and self-control.

Mexico is a live topic today in The progress made in the past political, in business and in re- decade. is clearly outlined in Mr. ligious circles. It is a thorn in the Inman's volume, and the character side of Uncle Sam, and of the of Carranza is held up for admira- Roman hierarchy. Few Americans tion. On the other hand the faults understand the Mexican. people or of the United States and of Amerthe Mexican problem. They only icans in dealing with Mexico are know what some of the newspa- exposed, and many acts of injuspers print, and that is either wholly tice are rightly condemned. – false or only part of the truth. "The Americans who have re- Looking at Mexico through Mr. Inman's eyes we see the country, mained in Mexico," says Mr. Inthe people and the Carranza gov- man, "are the ones who now seem ernment very sympathetically. He to have the most hope for the and forces. Among these are the country," and h'e backs up this influence of foreign missions on hope with concrete facts. He also the war and vice versa; the relagives us his program for the solu- tion of Christianity to the race tion of the Mexican problem. It problem; the relation of medical is worthy of careful consideration. work and education. to evangelism; In a word, no one who wishes to western civilization' and theology judge Mexico fairly, and to speak and eastern life and thought; miswith a knowledge of facts, can sionary life and ideals and the reafford to overlook Mr. Inman's lation of the Church to present valuable contribution to the dis- day problems. cussion of the question. "Shall America Intervene in Mexico?" The battle th~t is still being waged all over the world is the Ruling Lines of Progressive Revela- old battle between selfishness and tion. By Rev. W. Graham Scroggie. service of others, between worldly l2mo. 144 pp. 45. 6d. Morgan and ideals and Christian ideals, be- Scott. London, 1919. 'tween shortsighted human ambi- 'These studies in the unity and tion and the all-inclusive Divine harmony of the Bible as a divine program. But as Dr. Speer says, revelation, will be helpful to min- "If ever there was a time when isters and missionaries who wish selfishness in individuals or in nato be strengthened in their con- tions appeared mean and insufferfidence in the Bible and to study able, that time is now." There are the Advents, Dispensations,-Proph- however, still multitudes of men, ecies, and types of Scripture. The who claim to be Christian, who book strengthens belief in the au- are distinctly provincial, for their thority, practical value and uniqueness of the Bible. practical interest in humanity ex- tends only to their own nation. The Gospel and the New World. By Robert E. Speer. 8vo. 313 pli. Jesus Christ came to save the $2.00 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., world, and men today are in as 1919. much need of His atonement, His salvation, and His Lordship as This volume presents no new they ever were. The great need Gospel for the old world as so today is for the Gospel of Jesus many others profess to do. It is the world and not the Gospel that Christ. changes and there is no new remedy for the disease that has always The Christian Life and How to Live affected mankind and appears in It. By W. H. Griffith Thomas, D. D. different forms. 12mo. 127 'pp, 75 cents net. B. 1. Colportage Ass'n. Chicago. 19T9. Dr. Speer describes some of the signs of change, especially those These practical studies in Chriswrought by the war. He points tian life will appeal to many who out some evidences of the new age would not be helped by contro- -physical solidarity, economic unity, and political rapprochement. versy or apologetics. He shows that the Church of Christ has today a great task and The Modern Conflict Over .the Bible. responsibility as a witness to the By G. W. McPherson. 12mo. 214 truth, to God's love, to man's hu- pp. $1.25 net. Published by the manity, to righteousness, to serv- author. Yonkers. N. Y. ice and to the power of God to transform the world. This volume deals simply and di- rectly with the inspiration of the The author deals with some Bible, the evidence gathered from great facts, principles, problems experience, from science, from the Bible itself; touches briefly on the Second Coming, the Resurrection, the Judgment, and opposes the at- tacks on inspiration waged by new theology, rationalism, etc. MISSIONARY PERSONALS HON. ROBER'I' LANSING, Secretary of State, hal;' accepted the chairmanship of the General Committee of the Interchurch World Movement, succeeding Mr. F. W. Ayer.

••• REv. MII.ES B. FISHER, D. D., has resigned from the Congregational Education Society to become Missionary Education Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement.

*** For my sermons, I use the large, bold type. BISHOP CHARI.ES SUMNER BURCH was in- Then by "Just turning stalled as head of the Protestant Episcopal the knob" t~ ~ Diocese of New York, to succeed Bishop Greer, on October 28. Representative t'l1ae loa "&a.iI. ~c,. "' clergymen of the Presbyterian, Reformed, Methodist Episcopal, Congregational and ~,.'~a.t& cc",,&&~c~il.e~o&. Lutheran churches were present. Ny Sunday ~choo£ .Qtic,s, *** REV. W. C. WILLOUGHBY, the first principal of the London Mis;>ionary Society at Tiger Kloof, South Africa, has been appointed professor of African Missions in the Kennedy School of Missions ;:It Hartford, Conn.

••* "Many Typewriters In One"

REv. C. A. R. JANVIER, D. D., President of M~T:.t~I~x 11:~ln!:~~d it~ sok~~~~~~l1 ~~~ Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, India, is spending his first furlough in America ALL clanell 0/ people' We can tell since he accepted the presidency. you in /011." words: ••• Because of it. ve,.satility!

REv. K. U ZAKI, Pre~ident of the Metho- The M ultlplt::Ix H ammon.oJ does everydist Episcopal Mission School "Chinzei thin c any o thi rer typewriter will do, Gakuin," at Nagasaki, Japan, has been and bnide, you ,.Just turn the elected Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Japan, to succeed Dr. Hiraiwa. knob" you can chan~6 trom one style or type, or (rom one 'an~ua!{e. to an- *** ,la, other. ' Note the abo-e specimen MISS REN HAMAGUCHI, who exerted a (slightly ….od"'·ed) all writ',n on wide influence on the life of Japan as Bible SAME ma~hine woman, died August 15. Miss Hamaguchi's varied service covered a period of almo~t No Other Typewrite,: Can Do Thl. twenty-eight years, and included that of Sunday School Superintendent, worker among No matter .IIA. women, pastor's assistant and interpreter for missionaries. you vet wha' you are, or wh.re you • •• ……. the Multiplex Hammond is the PROF. MARAIS of the Theological Semi- wrltID g machine nary at Stellenbosch, South Africa, died at for YOU. Mall the end of August. Prof. Marais helped to the coupon for found the many educational institutions free folder which have made Stellenbosch a center of learning for South Africa. Also a PORTABLE Model ••• Full capacity. Weight.hout 11 pounda. Ask for opociaJ folder. Mailed tr_ MR. BASIl. MA'I'HJ;WS, editorial secretary' of the London Missionary Society, has been Inquire ..bout .peelal term. to invited by the Conference of British MiE- prol…donal. sionary Societies to establish a missionary press bureau, including the fouhding of a ____________ Free Folder ____________• general British missionary magazine. THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Ea.t '9,h St.., New York City.

NuPneI____s_e_nd__f_re_e__F_o_ld_e_r_&_0_:_______ A~___________________ Occupa1ilon _ _ _-'-_~,__– (Continued on page xi) Pleiure meliflGn TD~·. . . .'1jjp'" 'iciii:»';."_ _ to;~y….u""'· NEW BOOKS II NEW BIBLE Approaches Toward Church Unity. By TEXTS Newman Smythe and Williston Walker. 12mo. 170 pp. $1.25. Yale The Building of the Kingdom University Press. 1919.

By Abnira Holmes Living; Christ and Some Problems of A discussion course. The foundation Today, (The). By Charles Wood. stones for Building the Kingdom of 12mo $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Com- God are: Faith in God, Faith in Christ, pany, New York. 1919. Faith in the Bible, Faith in the Church, Prayer and Vision. A text which will Manual of American Citizenship. By be welcomed by teachers and workers E. N. Hardy. $0.50. American Tract for individual study and for use in Society, New York. 1919. class work. Net, Paper, 25c. The Negro: An American Asset. By S. J. Fisher. 12mo. 186 pp. $0.60 Board of Freedmen. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1919.

Winning the Jews to Christ. F. B. Solin. 108 pp. $1.00. Christian Mis- sion to Israel, Chica.go. 1919.

Studies in Knowing Jesus Christ 6000 Country Churches. By Charles Otis Gill and Gifford Pinchot. 12mo. By Helen Thoburn 237 pp. $2.00. The Macmillan Com- Eight lessons on finding the way to pany, New York. 1919. God as one grows up. .The principles of Jesus translated into school-girl Your Study Bible. By John Weaver language. This will be eagerly wel- Weddell. 12mo. 184 pp. $1.00. The comed by all teachers of younger girls. Sunday School Times. Philadelphia. Net, Paper, 40c.; Boards, 6Sc. 1919.

The Golden Word The Ministry of the Word. By G. Campbell Morgan. 12mo. $1.25 By Katharine L. Richards Fleming H. Revell Company, New Studies in some great personalities of York. 1919. the Bible~prophets, heroes, lawgivers -which show that Jesus was the end The Acts of the Apostles. By T. and the beginniug. "Who do men say Walker. 12mo. 586 pp. $1.60. The I am? Some say John the Baptist; Macmillan Company. New York. some Elijah; some Jeremiah, or one of the ·prophets." Not for younger 1919. girls, not for advanced Bible students -just "in between. J) Progressive Ideals of Christian Work Net, Paper, 7Oc. in China. Edited by Frank Rawlin- son. $0.60. Edw. Evans & Sons. Shanghai. 1919.

New Missionary Map of China. $1.00 (Mex.) Kwang Hsiieh Publishing House, Shanghai. 1919.

Paul the Conqueror New Life in the Oldest Empire. By Charles F. Sweet. 12mo. 185 pp. By Mary Redington Ely $1.25. The Macmillan Company. New York 1919. The story of Paul's 'life of conquest; o Hana San, A Girl of Japan. By conquest of his earlY training, heritage C. C. A. Hutchinson. 12mo. 160 pp. and environment in the moment of 2s. net. Church Missionary Society. London. 1919. revelation and decision on the Damas- cus road, and then the conquest of Africa-Slave or Free. By John H.

endless hardships and opposition in Harris. 6s. net. Anti-Slavery and the long .years of establishing the Aborigines Protection Society. Lon- Church. don. 1919. .

Net, Paper, 60c.; Boards,8Se. Conscripts of Conscience. .A Plea for BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE, or Medical Missions. By Caroline At- water' Mason. 12mo.· 156 pp. $1.00 THE WOMAN'S PRESS Fleming H. Revell Company. New 500 Lftmllon An., York 1919."

*Korea's Fight for Freedom. By. F. A. McKenzie. Fleming H. Revell' Com- pany, New Y.ork. 1919.

Please mention TmI' JIlBBIOlll'AJI'I' R8VdIW or 'tID Wou.o Ill. 1t1ftIng to adl'ett…… MISSIONARY PERSONALS Continued from page IX S. EARL TAYLOR, FRJlD B. FISHER and CHARLES H. PRATT, who sailed for Europe late in October on a mission connected with the Interchurch World Movement in Great Britain and the Continent, have recently re- turned to America.

'" * * MR. FRANK L. BROWN, general secretary of the World's Sunday School Association, has recently returned from a brief vis-it to England. He went to confer with British representatives of the Association concerning the Sunday-school work in Europe, and to discuss plans for the World Sunday School Convention in Tokyo next October.

'" '" * MR. CHARI,]S ROBlRTS, Under Secretary Standard but Portable of State for India in Mr. Asquith's cabi- net, has accepted the presidency of the The only Portable Projector that meets all Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protective Church, School, Hall and Theatre require- Society. ments.

'" '" '" Just as much difference between the Zenith and other Standard projectors as there is be- REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D. D., has re- tween Grandfather's Clock and the Wrist turned from a two months' trip to Europe Watch, where he served as chairman of s.everal committees on foreign mission work and The Zenith will show a picture as far, as Protestant relief work. large, and clear as any projector, regardless 01 size or price. '" '" '" Practically Indestructi ble. Fireproof, dust DR. BORCHGREVINK, a distinguished mem- proof, and fool proof, having fewer parts to ber of the Norwegian Mission in Madagas- wear out Or to get out of order. Any man or car, recently passed away, after more than woman of average intelligence can set it up forty years of medical mission service. and have a picture on the screen in five minutes. '" '" * Equipped with high grade Gundlach Lens I and Condensers, Universal Motor, operating on direct or alternating current, Speed Regu- BISHOP WILLIS, of the C. M. S., Uganda, lator, Framer, Automatic Fire Shutter, has received the Order of the British Empire Handowser and Safety Fire Valves. in recognition of his mis~ionary service in East Africa during the war. The Stereopttcon attachment is perfect for Lectures, Advertising and School Purposes. * * '" Operated by hand or motor by attaching MR. FI,ETCHER S. BROCKMAN, of the Iu- it to any electric light socket. ternational Y. M. C. A., and Mrs. Brockman have recently sailed for China on a five Reels can be rewound without removing months' tour of inspection of Y. M. C. A. from magazine or exposing to fire. work in that country. Mr. Brockman is one of the great spiritual leaders at the head- Set it in your Buggy or Automoblle and quarters of the International Committee. take it to your Mission, to Church and School * '" * ::tbcln;;:rl: bl Picnics, to Lawn Parties and Bazaars. The Zenith is sold on its merits Blld backed a guar- REv. A. W. HOWEI,LS, an African pastor ;::f~~b~t;ok~k~::::i~':t ~h~::gw~ in the Niger Delta, has been selected to succeed Bishop James Johnson in the diocese recommend higher priced and inferior machines. of WestemEquatorial Africa. Mr. Howells has- done valuable work as a translator, and No profiteering on the Zenith has issued several publications in the Yoruba language. Elfclrie motor drive machine is $235.00. The hand drive maehine is $195.00. The stereopticon is $25.00 extJ:8. Electric Motor dri~and Stereopticon can be attached at any time.

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. At The juggernauts of diplomacv and> commerce t he Crossroads plunge across Turkey's hills and plains. For Tur- key lies at the crossroads of the world. Death and " destruction hang over her former subject peoples o f the W or and her own. War once more threatens, unless Id 'I'urkey's problem is solved. Today 'I'urkey and her (ld subject peoples turD to America, begging us to bring order and construction out of chao" and decay. But in "1onstantinople seethes Imperia] intrigue, a.nd the Allied censors aJ.low DO American news to be published. Yours Is the responsibility to decide. Shall America hold out her ha.nd to the Turk and the Armenian, the Arab aD~h~~,!e:ri,o~:3~~~~:~Jat~~r~~~~r ~eh!rr;og1~h~~~r~of: ~oU~ke;~e ~1~f;~~~~e~~rg~~~d <!'~JoW~:~ all demand a slice. You can learn the reality-in the December AS I A The American Magazine on the Orient Jackson Fleming, 8 speCial correspondent for ASIA in "'the Captain Alan Batt. Brittab 81rman who escaped trom a Turkish Near East, Is one man who Is on the spot IlDd Is t.elllng the whole prISOn, tellF.I the strange story of tbe dereltcta of war-time Constantistory to America. nople, opium smuggling and bUlUan rreight–"Stowaways. Inc." Maurice Brown tells ot the memories or men a.nd women, and rom- The Story that Postponed the ance in the adventure or Eastern Days and nights-oil Remem ber" London Opera Season a Month Walter B. Harrls bas 8 most amazing story or the old Sultan 0; Morocco. Lowell Thomas. telling tn LondOn his great awry at Col. Lawrence, Prince of Mecca. and Arabia. has so thrilled tremendous Asia the Beautiful Brit18l1 a.udlences from the merest Tommy to Lloyd George. twIce dally at Convent Garden, that London has: postponed Its opera sea- ASIA Is not Just a. magazine-it Is a thing ot beauty with It!!! SOD ODe montb to continue to hear him. HiS relIl&rkable story 1~ runntng in ASIA. ~£~t~ar~en:~:ia~ff~rrta:H~ut:i~r~YISrefo~~~:~b~C; CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER who has dlscrhnlnatioD and a love of the beautifUl-and who wanta to know what is going on in a. new·old world of 900,{)OO.OOO people. Portraits-Emir Fei.al, Archayne Torcom, Sir Bhupendra Singh John Dewey, now l1vtng In China, explains to you the pay·ehol- ogy of the Chmese and its bearing on their international position. uMan Is a Shadow on a Crumbling Wall" Frontispiece HiS contributions to American education a.re beyond price, because J Remember …………….. .By Maurice Brown he understands the human mind. Now he has performed the dlm- cult teat at understanding the Chinese mind and explaining It. Illustrations by Willred Jones Mandates. for Turkish Territories .. .By J. Fleming This month he shows how the tuture or a.ny new world order 18 Charle. Lang Freer and His Collectlon .••……. involved In Turkey.

By Brainard Bliss Thre8her And Tyler Dennett is covering, the Asiatic Mission .. The Mat!nee Idol of Arabia .•.. .By Lowell Thomaa ary Field. in Asia, with authoritative and helpful Japan vs. China Thro~gh Their Own Eyes articles.

1. Japa.n's Right to Empire … .By Set suo Uenoda Special Introductory Offer 2. China's Philosol'hy of War & Peace .By T. Y. Le. Stowaway., Inc•….•.••..••……• . By AUan Botl Fi v e Months for a Dollar Inheriton of Canaan-Art Picture Insert Chinese Nationa1 SentiDlent ….. .By John DeW61/ A Five Months' Tour of the Orient The Sultan at Horne …..••….. .By W. B. Barritt ASIA seIls for 35 cents a copy. It you send the/ Illu8tration8 by Edith Emerson coupon at once you may have five issues at ODe dollar r.~ia~~~~~~-~::Jl!Y:::::: '.~~ ~~~~e: #:t:e~8~~ Send the Coupon with One Dollar / China'. Problem and our Trade … .By John Foord We Dood not say that this is an olfer tha t ca.n ASIA'S Travel-Log ……. , …••. •By Virginia Lee last. We cannot long alford to give flve of / ~~'i::' 01~lrAI},:~a:e dgl~~y I~I~s~~a:~d M R. to new readers only. 1.28 / ASIA Send this coupon / Pub. Co.. – / Aye :ft::'p!!y~~. ~~is 627 LexingtoD.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1919

ANNIVERSARY DEMO NS T RATION OF CONVERTS IN I NDTIA dem-

THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON. Ediwr.

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-AN ANNIVF,RSARY DEMONSTRATION OF CONVERTS IN INDIA SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . .. . . . . . . .

Tm; OI,n YE:,AR AND THE NF,W THE UNION or> THE LUTHERANS THE RIlADJUSTMENTS IN TURKEY EDITORIALS . . . . . 7 AVOIDING DANGERS AHEAD RECRUITING SOI,DIERS FOR CHRISTIAN SERVICE RE['IEF FOR PALF.STINIl AND SYRIA A UNITED MISSIONARY DRIVJl SHALL WE ACCUMULATE OR DlSTRIBUTE. . . . By A. A. Hym; II Some practical thoughts and e:rperiences on tlie use of money.

AT THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW YEAR. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 A series of up-to-riate nvie'lf.'s of the past J'ear. and views of the prospect for the coming year, in different mission fields of the world. THE OUTLOOK IN JAPAN. . . . . . By REv. JAMES H. PETTEE 13 CHINA AT THE CROSS ROADS. . . . By REV. LouIs HoDOus, B. D. 16 THE OPENING oJ' TIBET TO CHRISTIANITY. Bv REV. RODERICK A. McLEOD 18 INDIA'S NATIONAL ANll CHRISTIAN PROGRESS.' By BISHOP F. W. WARNE 21 THE PERrr. OF PERSIA. . . . . . . . By REV. F. G. COAN, D. D. 23 AM!lRICA'S INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA By REV. E. B. HASKELL, D. D. 25 THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA By REV. JAMES DEXTER TAY['OR, D. D. 36 A YEAR OF LATIN AMERICAN MISSIONS . . By REV. S. G. INMAN 36 THE NEEDS OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS. • By FRI(D H. RrNDGE, JR., M. A. 41 A stud~ of the need for constructive Christian and social work alMng the industnal forces of America, together·with a statement of the plans of the Y. M. C. A. to meet the present need. Illustrated with photographs.

SOME IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARIES FOR THE YEAR 1919 . 47 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 49 Back to the Bible.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . Edited by MRS. O. R. JUDD 57 A NEW DAY IN CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION . . By MARY CLARK BARNES THE TUSCALOOSA CONFERgNCE; . By EI,rZABETH PRESTON AI,LEN NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 61 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 76 Facts Worth Quoting xvi Missionary Personals .. xii TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in cluhs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. r eCsoeprvyeridg.hteAdp, pl1ic9a1t9I1OnbypeMndiisnsgionf ary e Review Publishing Company, In~. All rights or ntry as second class matter at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Manuscript and Photographs are welcomed by the Editors.

Postage should be included if their return is desired.

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ROBERT E. SPEER, President DEI,AVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President W A[,TER McDoUGA[,[" Treasurer .. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT ..

PLANS FOR THE COMING YEAR THE REVIEW IN THE CAMPS The REvIliW is making plans to keep Letters from Y.M.C. A. insecthreetavvriaaerrs~-, pace with the large after-the-war enter- chaplains and others located prises in religion, business and international policies. Our readers will be kept ious army and navy camps in the United informed as to the new conditions in all lands and the "New Era" programs. States, express hearty appreciation of There is not only the "League of Nations" in the making, but the "League of the REVIEW as an aid in their religious and Churches,' a league for the winning of the world to Christ through a more ade- ~ducatiooal work. In some of the camps quate devotion of men and money. the REVIEW has been nsed as a mission In the home field articles will deal with the "Churches and the Home-Com- study text book Through the generosity ing Soldiers"; "Christian Work among Industrial Classes'; on "Ch6stian Amalga- of one of the members of the Board of mation of Foreigners" and "A United Program for Home- Missions." Directors copies are being sent to seme FrOll1l the administrative side there are seventy Y. M. C. A. huts. Many other reto be articles on "The New Era Movements"; "The Outlook for the United quests have come foarnstwheerReedVIEffaWavv,o~rrbaaubbtllyytheosne Lutheran Church of America," "The Na- could not al1 be tional Prohibition Movement" and "A United Drive of all the Protestant Forces account of the lack of funds. A request of North America." has recently corne for twenty copies for One number of the REVIEW will be devoteld to a world-wide snrvey of The various huts in one camp. This is especial- Temperance Movement. This will include articles on the relation of intemper- ly important in view of the educational ance and the use of habit-forming drugs to the social evil, to poverty, to education, program to be carried out during the days to business and to evangelism. There will be articles on the progress of temperance in of demobilization. The cooperation 0 f Africa, in India, in China, in Japan, in Latin America and in Europe. Already friends in supplying these <:copies of the 5,000 extra copies of this number have been ordered by one organization for wide REVIEW will be most welcome. , iJfty- distribution. dollar Liberty Bond will send copies for Another number of the REVIEW is to be six months to fifty huts where hundreds of devoted to world-wide religious education. This will be a Sunday-school and men will catch the missionary vi~ion. Bible study number, showing the progress of Sunday-school work at home and WHERE TO BUY THE REVIEW abroad and its relation to general education, to the development of leaders and to Readers of the REVIEW are so widely the missionary movement. These articles scattered that copies mailed from this ofwill be especially appropriate in view of the fice in response to requests for c~rtain proposed World Sunday School Conven- numbers are often delayed in transportation at Tokyo, Japan, in 1920. tion. We have therefore arranged with agencies at various centers to keep a limited At the same time, the REVIEW will keep stock on hand and would therefore call pace with the progress of Christianity in the attention of our readers to the list all the mission fields of the world, and the of these agencies printed on the inside of work of all the Protestant missional the froot cover. These agencies will also Boards and societies at home and abroad. accept subscriptions, take orders for back numbers and bound volumes, and in other ways wil1 be ready to serve our patrons and friends.

WHAT YOU NEED-AND WHAT YOU WANT Not all of the advertisements offered to the REVIEW are ~eId. It is our aim to offer only such tI6oks, ~se and opportunities as we believe will be ac- ceptable and helpful to our readers. n will be wo,rth while to take note of these advertisements in order that your needs may be supplied by reliable firms. The REvIF.W is a safer medium than are many secula~ magazines. Wilson and Foch say For my sermons, I use "A man has deprived himself of the best the large, bold type. theret's in the world who has deprivedhim- Then by "Just turning – – – – – – – – selfoj intimate knowlthe knob" t.r"e ().c'1ri.f,>t t",jae s ,."",0. ~c" " edgeoftheBible. " -Pres. Wilson. ~,.~"'t" cc"""S~c~o."~ce. ~y Sunday School notiees. ~'The Bible is certain- ly t he best preParUon that you can give to an American soldier goin!! into battle to sustain his magnijicentideai andfaith.~'

-Marshal Foch.

Answer tbis "Call to the Colors"

Be a Trained These two great 1eaders voice a direct appeal to intelligent men Christian W orker ~~e~~/::~-~~~d::t!~a~i1~!: industrial and home workers, farmers, mechanics, soldiers -~as well as to ministers, missionaries, evangelists, etc. Never was there such a great demand for those who rea[{y know the Bible-now and after the wafr. There is personal profit beyond anything you can imagine in careful, systematic Bible Reading and Study. Get read,.! Start at once! The Correspondence Courses of the MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTEwillgiveyoua system to study by–aa guide, a teacher. You will be a pPeerrssonallpuuppii!l -time., place and amount of study under your cor:trol. Ex- aminations are written,. assuring accuracy in your work.

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THE BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N 809 North LaSalle Street Chleagc, Please mention THg MMISSIONARY Rltvntw OJ! r-HJC W WOolUn,DD in writing to advertisers Assured Income and Gift The Income is yours, The Gift is from you to the work of Foreign Missions How? By an agreement with the Board of Foreign Missions, a Corporation with eighty-one years of successful history, you place a principal sum with the Board.

THE BOARD (1) Invests the Money, (2) Gives You Its Guarantee That interest, as agreed upon, will be paid to you January 1 and July 1, during your life.

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Extend the Results OF THE WAR By Increasing Foreign Missions Write to DWIGHT H. DAY, Treasurer BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

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A MAP OF THE CONTENTS , J: . 0 oUJt VIEW OF THE WOIU.D tao India's Na~onal and Christian Progress Z~"L"'NQ IN THIS NUMBER .

JLU)INCi ARTfQ.ES AND-EDITOIUALS AU lNOJCA.1'ED BY TlTLU mE NUMBER OF rtEW8 I1'EMJ ON EACH a>UNTRY II INDICATED In' AIABIC NUMERALS These two thousand boys and girls of th e Evangelical Lutheran Mission College at Guntumr, India,, in a living onstration of the growth of the M iss ion in the past seventy-ffive years (a phDottooggraph sen t by Rev. G. A. Rupley ).

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. JANUARY, 1919 NliMBEB XLII On ® ® SIGNS OF 'I'Hl8 TIMES 'ViriJ"""'~' ~ " ; "btiii' OW , 004J" "ihhi iriASC.

''iji~'

r-A THE OLD YEAR AND THE NEW NNO J?on;tini, 1919, promises to ~a:k a new era in. t~e world, next III Importance to the begmmng of the ChristIan Era; the birth of the Protestant Reformation and the dawn of modern world missions. With the passing of the old year and the ,coming of the new it seems as though in a marked degree old things are passing away, all things are becoming new. The war has revolutionized many lives and many ideals; some are ruined beyond repair but others are remade on a nobler scale. Much has been destroyed that can never be replaced, but the way has been " cleared for the reconstruction of other and, in most cases, better things. It is worth while at the threshold of this new year to note some of the transformations that may result from the world upheaval, if men only have ,eyes to see and wills to respond to the leading of God.

The old narrow provincialism is gone. Men and women who "did not believe in Foreign Missions" have been obliged, in the light of overseas national service, to acknowledge that there is no just distincttion between 'home' and 'foreign.' " Men and women who never expected to serve outside their own land have gone to England, France, Italy, Russia, Greece, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Africa-wherever they were sent. It is a question not of convenience or propinquity but of need. The same influence has worked on Indians, Africans, Chinese, Japanese and Arabs. Those who had never been away from home have become world travelers with a world vision. What will they do with their new world consciousnesar The old divisions of nations, races and churches have been 1

forcibly amalgamated in the melting pot of the battlefield. Men of many nationalities have been brought under one command, industries have been united under one head and men of different faiths have worked for one end. The program for church unity has been forwarded. In America three great Lutheran bodies have united and other plans for union are under consideration. Interchurch conferences are being held which may result in great National Churches in China and India and in international organizations containing peoples of all colors and lands.

Formalism in religion has been vitalized in the face of death. Men have come to recognize the difference between human regulations and divine laws, between the dress parade of religion and the vital fights of faith. Churches must show life-divine lifeif they are to hold men who have come to realize the uselessness of the body without the spirit.

Ideals have been revolutionized. Not only has autocracy been condemned in the international court, and aristocracy been brought low by the universal draft and training camp, but men have been forced or inspired to change their conceptions of service and of giving. Those who lived lives of self-indulgence have become heroic in self-sacrifice and service to others. Men have given up fortunes to devote themselves to a cause. Many who spent all they could earn upon themselves and their families have learned the joys of stewardship of time and talents and money. It will be a disgrace to the Church if these new ideals are not turned to account in the Kingdom of God.

Men's programs have been remade. The million dollar gifts to Red Cross and other War funds have inaugurated a new era in benevolent enterprises. The narrow bounds of home and city and native land, and the limitations due to petty financeering, have given place to great conceptions of the world task which demand large vision and hitherto unheard of expenditures. Towns and cities have become so accustomed to exceeding their apportionment that churches now become impatient at being assigned tasks too small. Men seek for something large and inspiring. Already nost of the large denominations have adopted "N·ew Era Movements" to enlarge their activities and increase their expenditures many fold. Where men thought in districts they now think in continents, where they planned for today and tomorrow they now organize a campaign to cover two generations. Africa is studied liS a continent to be won for Christ. The evangelization of the whole of Latin America is undertaken with new zeal, and campaigns in India, China and the Moslem world are planned out by united conferences of Christian leaders.

New problems are presented for after-the-war solution. In the homeland the migrating Negro presents new difficulties; the

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

foreigner in America must be educated in Christian ideals or he will be a menace; the industrial workers must be regenerated, the liquor traffic must be outlawed and social purity must be safeguarded. Then there are the moral problems of profanity, and vulgarity, of Sabbath observance and unwholesome amusementsall of which must be seriously attacked. There are also the problems of reconstruction in France and Belgium, in Russia and Germany, in Serbia and Armenia. There is the whole problem of evangelizing the Moslem World, and of vitalizing the Roman, Greek and Oriental churches, as well as the problems peculiar to the pagan and ethnic religions.

New open doors are characteristic of the new day. The Hermit nation, Tibet, has been opened-at least the door is ajar. Russia will probably offer almost unlimited opportunity as soon as order is in a measure restored. Moslem lands, that only tolerated Christians from necessity, promise a rich harvest field; Arabia is open; Abyssinia is awakening; and the Jews, who have been persecuted and embittered, are now looking forward to a new national history. All of this is in line with the fulfillment of divine prophecy. The great question is-is the Church of Christ regenerated sufficiently to undertake these new tasks in the light of new conditions? Are the new leaders available and Christians ready to cooperate? The task can be accomplished, not by human skill and wisdom, but only by the power of the Spirit of God.

THE UNION OF THE LUTHERANS O NE of the outstanding events of the past year is the merger by which three bodies of Lutherans in the United States with a million communicants combined in one organized "United Lutheran Church in America." The bodies which merged into one on November 14th last are the General Synod, with 1,800 churches and 370,000 members; the United Synod South, with 492 churches and 57,000 members and the General Council, with about 389 churches and 535,000 members. They have joined their home and foreign mission organizations, their colleges, seminaries, publica- :f~on'houses, papers land benevolent institntions. The property value of the "United Church" is estimated at over $53,000,000. An- nual expenditures for benevolences, including missions, is about $1,500,000; and for running expenses at home, about $7,000,000. It is expected that the consolidation will effect considerable saving in cost of operation, and will release a number of workers to engage in other activities. .

The foreign missionary activities of the three organizations in- clude India, Japan, Western Africa, British Guiana and Porto Rico.

The expenditures last year amounted to $250,000, which supports

130 missionaries with 1,780 native workers, and reports 89,000 communicants on the mission fields abroad.

The home mission work of these Lutheran churches is conducted under the name of "The Inner Mission," which includes evangelism, city missions and various forms of church extension work. The hOlne mission operations have not been organized in the same way as those of other Protestant churches in North Amer- lCa.

There are fifteen other Lutheran bodies in the United States that are not included in this merger, and it is estimated that there are in North America no less that 8,000,000 baptized members of the Lutheran Church of whom only 5,000,000 are affiliated with the church organizations in this country. During the war, a fund of $1,300,000 was collected and administered for the benefit of men in uniform, of whom there were over 200,000 American Lutherans in the service.

If this United Church can be aroused to the full limit of her possibilities, the gifts to missionary work may be increased many fold, and will enable the Church to enter some of the great, unoccupied fields of the world. The Lutherans in America have not thus far accepted their full responsibilities in this world-wide work. There are fields waiting for their messengers of the Gospel. Central Asia, the interior of South America and the Sudan are inviting fields to enlist the interest and the talents of this powerful organization. It may also be possible and wise to turn over to the American Lutherans many of the missionary fields in the former German colonies, and in the territories under the control of the Allied nations.

THE READJUSTMENTS IN TURKEY A GREAT change is taking place in the political geography of Turkey as a result of the War. Arabia is already completely separated from the Turk; and that means that the latter has lost his guardianship of the Moslem shrines of Mecca and Medina. This alone makes a tremendous difference in Turkish influence. Furthermore, all but one of the other important Moslem centers are lost- Baghdad, _Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo, are gone. Constantinople alone remains at present; and it looks very much as if the Peace Conference will not leave that great city under Moslem domination. In other words, the political power of the Turk-which for the past century has been the greatest obstacle to the progress of Christ's Kingdom in that region-is gone, and gone forever.

It is not possible to overestimate the importance of this fact in its bearing on the missionary outlook. Access to the Moslem populations of the country is now assured without governmental terrorism.

And the scornful spirit of superiority, that has kept the Turk from willingness to listen to any other religion, is sadly broken. God can make a broken spirit contrite, and then real spiritual results may follow. The prospect for Christian work among the Turks is the most wonderful outcome of this titanic struggle in the Near East. And its possible reverberations in the distant parts of the Moslem world are thrilling to contemplate. When Christ gets a real hold on the people, who for centuries have been looked upon by their fellow-Moslems as their political representatives and defenders, other Moslem races are certain to hear of it and wonder.

In other respects the present outlook is upon a waste and desolation. The ravages, not so much of war as of the most iniquitous regime that ever deliberately ruined its own country, have spread· death and destruction, pillage and arson, plague and business stagnation, distrust and disorder all over the country. Communities have been uprooted and scattered to the winds; whole regions have been left without inhabitant, family life and personal honor has been utterly disregarded. For four years fields have been left untilled, crops unharvested, shops locked up or pi1laged, churches and schools closed and their constituencies deported or slain. All classes of the people have suffered, and are now so dazed as hardly to know where to turn or how to begin life over again. From many sections of the land no details have yet reached us; but what we hear indicates conditions pitiful and almost hopeless.

But there are bright spots. Through all the dark night, some seventy of one hundred American workers have been able to keep at their posts, witnesses for Christ, not counting their lives dear, but willingly giving their utmost energies to keep the people from blank despair and death. Here is a solid foundation on which to bf'gin a new effort; for these heroes and heroines haV'e earned the gratitude and devotion of multitudes. Another great asset for the future is the martyr testimony of thousands to the keeping power of God, even in death. Their silenced voices still speak, and even their murderers will hear the appeal. Not Armenians alone, but Syrians, Greeks, Nestorians and other followers of the Master have planted the seed in the bloody ground, and God will grant the harvest.

These Christian races are not all gone. Accurate figures are still impossible; but probably of the 700,000 Greeks deported since 1915, at least half are still alive, while two millions more have never been deported. Of the conditions in Mount Lebanon we yet know very little; but it is likely that nearly a million Syrians have survived and are the nucleus of a new nation. As to the Armenians, there were before the war about 1,750,000 in the Ottoman Empire. Over a million of these have probably died; but it seems likely that about 700,000 have survived and may now be gathered into the beginning of an autonomous province. Of these, over 300,000 fled into Russia;

'T"""!"r"

100,000 have remained in Constantinople; 50,000 more in the Smyrna'

region; while the others are scattered all over Asia Minor, Mesopo- tamia, Syria, and into Persia and Egypt.

With these remnants to build on, we can rest assured that the native Christian churches will revive, and that there will be many who have been tried as by fire and so purified as to be fit for the Master's use. One encouraging fact is the natural resiliencey of these races. They have been through terrible experiences before, and though they have lost thousands and hundreds of thousands of their numbers, they have again risen to self-support and business success. Give them half a chance now, and they will again rise.

Provided conditions approaching the normal are now given them, ,the bulk of these unfortunates should within ten months or one year be self-supprting. Their indebtedness to the Protestant mis- sionaries and to Christian America will make them unusually re- ceptive to the missionary influence and teaching.

One of the most interesting items in the outlook are the 400,000 or more orphan children, left for us to care for and educate. What a responsibility! A missionary unusually well-informed and gener- ally accurate in his estimates believes that the 400,000 will include only those who have lost both parents, 'and that there are very many more whose fathers are dead, and in most cases the mothers are not able to support them. It will be a big and blessed task to provide orphanages and training schools for these little ones, where they may be quickly trained to self-support and to noble living, and from which we may expect to secure a goodly number of Christian leaders for the future, in church and school and business life and home.

Reconstruction is the great work of the immediate future. Al- ready one expedition has entered Syria and Palestine and begun.

Early in January a much larger party expects to sail for Constanti- nople, thence to scatter all over the desolate regions of Asia Minor, and bring new life and hope to all races, irrespective of language or religion. Industry must be re-established, family life begun anew, ~a:nitation on a large scale pushed, schools started, religious privi- leges furnished, and in every way the spirit of Christ shown to all in its most practical forms.

The year 1919 marks the centenary of the beginnings of mis- sionary work in Turkey. Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons sailed for Turkey in 1819. The second century of work there thus begins under most marvelous auspices; and missionaries, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. workers, educators, physicians and philanthropic leaders all look for wonderful results under the blessing of the Spirit of God.

OHARLES T. RIGGS.

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AVOIDING DANGERS AHEAD WHILE the passing of the old order and the coming of the new has many signs of promise, there is danger lest many good things of the past be given up and that others less substantial be substituted. Good foundations must not be despised because of new architectural ideas, and no amount of mechanical power and ingenuity can take the place of life. There are some old things for which there can never be a satisfactory substituteamong them are: Faith in God. Is there not dan.ger lest the modern human achievements in science and the modern ideals of democracy shall cause men to become self-confident and to lose sight of God 7 The Gospel of Christ. The" good news" is not too old to be true and yet many are today preaching "another gospel" of salvation by social uplift, by modern education and by material improvement.

Adherence to truth. Nothing can take the place of steadfastness -of fidelity in character. With the progress toward unity and the desire for cooperation there is danger lest standards be lowered and Christians compromise with those who deny Jesus Christ as the only Lord and Saviour. Will the gain ever compensate for the loss if Christians fail to stand firmly for the deity of Christ and the necessity for His atonement 1 Christian Heroism. The glory of the Church has been her martyrs and her heroic missionaries who counted not their lives dear unto themselves. Many of the heroes are still living, but with the enlargement of the Christian program, the expenditure of large sums of money and the introduction of many secular branches of activity, there is great danger lest Christian workers become professional, serving at the call of men rather than at the call of God. It is a danger that besets many churches, missions and the Young Men's and Young 'iNomen's Christian Associations, where the work j uo often becomes institutionalized.

Life From God. The "New Birth" is unfortunately not a popular doctrine today, ·but the words of Jesus. Christ to Nicodemus have never been abrogated. There is danger lest reformation take the place of regeneration, lest the enlightenment of the mind be thought to make unnecessary the new life through the Spirit.

Unity of Spirit. Another danger is that in the endeavor to promote cooperation and outward union, the true unity, which is only possible through Christ, shall be overlooked. In Christ, Germans and British, Southerners and Negroes, Japanese and Chinese, 7

,rich and poor, educated and unlettered, aristocrat and proletariat ,may be one. The fatal mistake of capitalists and, laborers, of {lutocrats and democrats, of Bolshevists and bourgeoise, is that they do not recognize the only true basis of agreement and of brotherhood.

Eternal things. The final danger that besets the world today is that in the development of material things we lose sight of the spiritual; in the development of the temporal we overlook the eternal and in the acceptance of responsibility for the earthly, we do not provide for the heavenly. Spiritual life, spiritual death, spiritual enemies, spiritual wealth, spiritual forces are vastly more important than the physical; and the former abide while the latter pass away.

RECRUITING SOLDIERS FOR CHRISTIAN SERVICE M EN and women who have been in unselfish service overseas or who have had a large and heroic part in the great war . have had their ideas and ideals revolutionized. They will not soon be willing to return to devote all their energies to 'petty tasks and unnecessary routine in the office, the shop, the classrobm and the local church. These men and women are returning rapidly to civil life. The question is: how will their energies be directed; how will their larger ideals find expressionT This problem has been foreseen and preparations have been made to meet it by the War-time Commission of the Churches which has appointed a committee on "Recruiting and Training for the Work of the Ohurches at Home and Abroad." Rev. Frank W. Padelford, executive secretary of this committee, writes that plans have been made to present to the men returning from the trenches and from various phases of war work the claims of Christian service. Surely there could be no more stirring appeal to heroism and selfsacrifice than that presented by missionary work in hard fields. There is here the "moral equivalent of war," and a great world campaign that is inspiring enough to appeal to the most noble and energetic spirit. There is also in this field unlimited opportunity for leadership and for pioneer work.

The men are to be approached through the chaplains, the religious work directors of the Y. M. C. A., the pastors of the different churches near the camps, and others who are in intimate touch with the men. It is also our intention to send into the camps some of the leading ministers, home and foreign missionaries, and others, to present the claims of Christian service. Literature and posters are being prepared, and will be distributed generously.

It is believed by those who are most intimately acquainted with the situations in the camps that many men can be found who will respond to this appeal. It has already been tried out among ~

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the English troops and in some of our southern camps. A sur- prising response has been secured.

The Church now has an opportunity to secure the men who are so sorely needed to recoup its depleted ministry at home and abroad.

Large numbers are needed both in America and in the non-Chris- tian world. The committees are, however, not so much anxious about quantity as about quality. They hope to enroll the best and ablest men who can be found. Only the best men can adequately meet the new situation. .

The churches and pastors must be on the lookout for the men as they return quietly to their homes. Very much depends upon the home churches and the way they receive the men. Their re- turn can be made simply a social jollification, or it can be made a great religious welcome. The committees of the War-Time Com- mission and of the Young Men's Christian Association therefore appeal to the pastors of our American churches to take advantage of the hour and seek to direct the thought of their young men to the call of the Kingdom. Many are only waiting for the right leader- ship to direct that solemn dedication, which they made of their lives to the cause of Liberty, to a new dedication to the service of Jesus Christ. ,.

RELIEF FOR PALESTINE AND SYRIA A FITTING token of Christian gratitude for the deliverance of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the hand of the Turk is the movement to raise in America the sum of thirty million dollars for the relief of the Armenians and Syrians who have suffered such agonies in the past four years. It is a year of new deliverance that has brought joy like that proclaimed at the birth of our Lord in Bethlehem of Judea nineteen centuries ago. Americans can make no nobler thank-offering for the ending of the war and all its waste and sacrifice than to save the remnants of these ancient Christian peoples of Armenia and Syria, and re-establish them in a ro-constructed land.

Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, who has been actively engaged in war relief work in Palestine, gives graphic pictures in his reports of the distress that has been relieved as General Allenby and the British forces advanced. Justice has been established in place of terrorism. Hundreds of tons of rice and other food was distributed to the people who had been pillaged. Garments have been made by the refugees to clothe the naked ones who had been robbed by the Turkish and German soldiers. Over 60,000 people were fed in Jerusalem last winter and ten thousand in Bethlehem. The Turks had used the largest buildings in Jerusalem as barracks and hospitals, and they *Literature relating to this matter may be secured by addressing Rev. Frank W. Padelford, Room 662, Fifth Avenue Building, New York.

were indescribably filthy. These had to be cleaned and made habitable for orphanages and hospitals. Industries have been organized which have saved the people without pauperizing them. These industries include garment making, weaving, shoe factories and repair shops. The people were found so famished that they searched the dirt and offal of the street in quest of grains of barley. What they found was greedily devoured "lithout cleansing. The condition of young girls was pitiable and the helpless little children would appeal to the hardest heart.

The money received from America has been most economically and effectively expended, and has been the means of winning the hearts of the sufferers as well as of saving their lives. The future of Palestine, Syria and Armenia will be largely determined by what is done there in the next twelve months. There are now in Jerusalem alone seven hundred orphan children and two hundred and forty in Jaffa. These form a precious educational trust, says Mr. Trowbridge. Great Britian has freed Palestine. It remains for America to relieve the refugees, to carry on industrial reconstruction and education.

A UNITED MISSIONARY DRIVE At a meeting of representatives of the Home and Foreign Mis- 8ionary Organizations of the United States, held in New York City 011 December 17th, a plan was set forth to conduct a united campaign to finance all allied Protestant home and foreign mission enterprises in one united drive. The comparative ease with which over $200,000,000 was raised in ten days for war-work, and the immensely greater need of world-wide evangelism and Christian Education has produced the convictions that a united appeal on a larger scale will bring a more adequate response.

It is proposed that, after at least a year of the study of the needs of the different fields in America and over seas, these definite needs of all the Protestant missionary agencies shall be collated and estimates made of the funds required. The united drive may mean the gathering of money and pledges amounting to between $100,000,000 and $300,000,000 for one year. Such a program would necessarily be preceeded by such a survey of occupied and unoccupied fields that the neglected areas may be cared for and overlapping may be corrected. The results of a united military campaign in Europe and Asia have brought out the reasonableness of a united missionary campaign to win the world to Jesus Christ. There are dangers in such a huge undertaking, but the very largeness and idealism of the plan has appealing power.

As a result of the conference a representative committee of fifteen was appointed, with Dr. S. Earle Taylor as chairman, to formulate a definite plan to be presented for consideration at the January meetings of the Foreign Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council.

We Accumulate or

BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS President of the Mentholatum Company O N various occasions, after talking quite radically from such texts as "Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth," etc., or Christ's great fundamental assertion-"Ye cannot serve God and Mammon," and advocating from experience literal obedience to these teachings, we have had many hearers say- "Those sentiments are miue. I believe in them thoroughly. "W1len questioned, however, as to their individualintentions and actions, an evasive reply will be given or a denial of applicability in their particular case. It is most always the other fellow with us to whom such commands seem to apply. Sherwood Eddy told us of talking with a millionaire once over his financial responsibilities to the Kingdom of God until the man was really in agony. Finally this Dives turned to his son and said-" John, commence giving away money. I have reached the point where I can't."

We sincerely believe that it is not vision which people want, but consecration; not light, but love; not knowledge, but power. If this is so, doubtless Christ's command to His disciples to tarry until they be endued with power from on High, is still applicable to the Church, but how this command can be made modern and practieal is another question and much harder to answer.

.Christ taught quite as much by example as by word, and today most of us are more thoroughly convinced by illustration than by argument. In the minds of thinking men, the Christian Church stands p'erhaps in the most responsible position today which it has ever occupied. Religion is arraigned at the bar in every nation, and being most severely questioned and judged. . As sincere believers in Christ and His teachings, it is the opportunity of the ages to impress Christ's life now upon the overturning nations, but rrien are certainly looking for deeds and life; not creeds and dogma. Lines of race, color and class are getting very dim, as is so finely expressed in Robert Freeman's verses, "That They All May Be One" which we quote herewith from" Association Men"- "I used to think him heathen, Just because-well, don't you see, He didn't speak 'God's English,' And he didn't look like me; He had a burnt complexion Which is heathen, goodness knows; He ate a heathen's rations, And he Wl)f1e a heathen's clothes.

11

But there's a s'prising skinful In that bloke from far away; He fights like any Christian, And I've caught the beggar pray; He's kind to little kiddies, And there's written in his eyes The willingness to render All a Christian's sacrifice.

Yes, you'd knO'W him fur a heathen If you judged him by the hide; But, bless you, he's my brother, For he's just like me inside."

In this war we have sacrificed everything in the way of blood and material treasure because we believe that certain principles of democracy should prevail in the temporal governments of this world. The Ohristian Ohurch is supposed to believe that as far as eternity exceeds time, so far existence in the Kingdom of Heaven exceeds temporal life. So believing, such a question as our subject seems almost axiomatic, and its wrong answer entails eternal condemnation. Shall we accumulate the wealth of the world and lose the souls of the world, as well as our own ~ Surely no one who has a right vision of the life, death and teachings of Ohrist can answer in favor of accumulation. Noone who has studied the unmeasurable relief from human suffering, which men and money have accomplished in this war, can justify themselves hereafter in f&iling to distribute. In addition, no one who has experienced the depth and lasting joy of gi"ving beyond the shallow temporal joy of receiving, will here,after hoard wealth to shrivel his own soul and handicap his children. Perhaps these last three assertions point the way to the solution of the other and greater question of how to get the consecration, the love, the strength necessary that we may lay our liv~s and means on God's altar, as we are doing on the altar of our country. Practically, what has made us willing to give our sons and daughters and two-thirds or more of our income for country and principle? Does not Paul give the answer-"BuT NOW ABIDETH FAITH, HOPE, LOVE,-THESE THREE, AND THE GREATEST OF THESE IS LOVE."

How Much Owest Thou?

How much owest thou, 0 Christian, of thy time, to the Lord? How much owest thou of' thy Strength? How much owest thou of thy opportunities? How much owest thou of thy intellect? How much owest thou of thy place in the world? How much owest thou of thy income, to the Lord?

What shall we render unto the Lord for all His benefits? Shall we not say; Lord, take me, use all I have, for Thy good purposes.

A TYPE OF THINGS THAT ARE PASSING AWAY IN

Some Japanese idols to which bereaved mothers pray The Outlook In Japan-1918 and 1919 BY THE REV. JAMES H. PETTEE, D. D., TOKYO, JAPAN Missionary of the American Board of Commi ssioners for Foreign Missions J APAN finished herr main fighting early in the war when she captured Tsingtau from the Germans, cleared the Eastern seas of enemy war vessels, and came to a good und erstanding. with Russia. The war, however, continued in the background of all herr thought and activity, and she mobilized her industries in place of her armies to aid the Allies. :]11fo:orre recently the army under General Otani, a leader selected with great car e, has penetrated Siberia in conjunction with the soldiers of America, France and Great Britain.

The year 1918 witnessed a ttrraannl~'lforrmmaattiion that reveals once more the real Bushido spirit of ,Japan and that opens up an opportunity for the nation to swing into line with her allies in the higher things of life.

It is also significant that a bureaucr atic and reactionary cabinet has given place to one led by a commoner, plain :]11f:rr. Hara, who himself is a man of progressive spirit and, moreover, is the head of a powerful political party that is pledged to .secure constitutional reforms and to keep step with the great democratic movements of the age.

13

Japanese as well as foreigners resident in the country inter- ested themselves in all war enterprises. Money flowed freely for any charity or loan connected with the great contest, imitation tanks rolled through the streets of Tokyo, Yokohama and Kobe, war songs were heard on all occasions, war films or dramas were in demand, Union church, Tokyo, released its popular pastor, Dr. Doremus Scudder, for Red Cross service, various missions sent one or more of their members to Siberia under the Y. M. C. A. to care for the refugees and there has been a constant succession of commissions between the far east and the fighting fronts.

The United States Ambassador Moms well said in his address last April on the occasion of the departure of the Japanese deputa- tion to the armies in ]~urope, "I cannot help feeling that the Japan- ese Y. M. C. A. deputation to the European front is almost as signifi- cant as the first mission sent to the West by the Tokugawa govern- ment over fifty years ago. By that mission Japan 'signified her in- tention to end her isolation and join thel Western peoples in their forward march. Today I believe this deputation means that you are resolved to take your place alongside the men of the Volest in stand- ing for brotherhood and fair play, international law and righteous- ness." , Aside from European battlefields, America has once- more be- come. the great Mecca of Japanese pilgrims, official or citizen, scho- lastic or commercial, a:nxious to learn how best to meet and solve the problems of readaptation and regeneration "When the terrors and tumults of war shall cease And life be re-fashioned on the anvils of peace."

Among these inter-racial commissioners of peace and good will to and from Japan last year, special mention may be made of 83 year-old William Hardy who was a sailor lad in Commodore P·erry's expedition back in 1854. He, a common sailor, was given the privi- lege of shaking hands with the members of the Royal Family, in- cluding H. 1. M. the Emperor, and he spoke with Methodistic fervor in the schools and offices, temples and churches to thousands of inter- ested listeners his timely message of temperance and clean living, and wrote in hundreds of albums his autograph, together with the all-comprehensive words, "God is Love." It was missionary work on a large scale.

RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES IN JAPAN Let it not be thought that normal Christian work has been entirely side-tracked by the war. One week before the close of 1917 there was issued from the press the Japanese Revised New Testament, which has had wide distribution during the year. It was the joint work of two British and two American missionaries, asso9iated

THE OUTLOOK IN JAPAN

with four Japanese co-laborers, and marks a great advance over the earlier translation, especially in point of being understood.

Another great achievement of the year was the formal opening, on April 30, of the Tokyo Woman's Christian College, with Dr. Nitobe as president and Miss Yasui as dean. This is a union enterprise of six Protestant Mission Boards in which the eighty-four entering students came from seventeen mission schools. One of the eighty-four admitted was a blind girL Mrs. (Mitsui) Hirooka has recently announced her decision to give Yen 200,000 to found in Osaka an undenominational school for Christian workers with especial reference to preparing them for social service. Prof. Hino, ex-dean of Doshisha Theological Seminary, Kyoto, and Rev. T. Makino of the same city, who is vice-president of the Japan C. E. Union and has been touring America since last spring, are to be head of the institution.

Rev. Paul M. Kanamori, Japan's leading evangelist, has continued through the year his marvellous work of preaching in city after city his one great sermon on the fundamentals of Christianity. It is a two-hours' discourse and never fails to register hundreds of decisions for Christ and His service.

A marked tendency of the year's Christian movement has been to bring the foreign and .Japanese workers into closer co-operation. This was greatly aided by the deputation of the American Board that spent three months in Japan and Chosen, and by the Baptists who have also taken an advance step in this matter.

JAPAN IN A FERMENT All Japan is in a ferment, religious and social as well as political and economic. New cults, like the Tai-rei-do (Great Spirit Way) for self-discipline, and programs for social service like Baron Shibusawa's are ardently advocated. But when it comes to reliable leadership and real reforming power, it is the Jesus way and Christians of experience that are needed and called for.

Dr. and Mrs. George P. Pierson, who have been touring from Hokkaido to Kyushu, testify that the country is wide open to an earnest presentation of Gospel truths and claims. Such institutions as the Crittenden Rescue Home for Women; Mr. Hara's and Mr. Mura.matsu's Homes for Ex-convicts in Tokyo and Kobe; Okayama and other Christian Orphanages are taxed to their capacity; mission schools are full and the churches are aroused. The outlook for 1919 is one of tremendous responsibility and cheering hopefulness.

at the Cross

A Review of the Year 1918 and the Outlook for 1919.

BY THE REV. LEWIS HODOUS, B. D.

T HE outstanding feature in China last year was the Civil War between the North and the South. At Canton a government headed by the disbanded Parliament was functioning, while at Peking the President and his Cabinet, and later. the newly elected Parliament, were directing affairs. The contending armies were marching and counter-marching in Hunan, Fukien and Szechwan, while the people were being pillaged by the soldiers. Large sections of China were overrun by armed bandits. In Shantung, adjacent to the territory taken over by Japan from Germany, it is estimated that 30,000 organized and armed robbers were terrorizing the people. This civil strife was carried on nominally between the conservative republicans of the North and the radical republicans of the South. Really it was a war between the military governors of the North and those of the South, who hoped to increase their power and wealth, and pave the way for the presidency or some other high position.

In order to carryon this strife the Chinese government has mortgaged valuable resources. The crop of loans has only been exceeded by the crops of poppy and of bandits. On account of the disturbed state of the country, opium planting has been revived in certain provinces and the opium traffic which ceased in March, 1917, has been re-established in the form of a monopoly controlled by the government. The strong protests by the United States, the Christian churches and the merchants have led to the postponement of these plans and may lead to their abandonment.

A hopeful sign of coming peace was the election of Hsil. Shih Chang to the Presidency, by a large majority of Parliament. He has the confidence of all parties, and according to his policy as outlined, China is to be governed by constitutional law, vital measures are to be taken to reliev;e the present financial stress, the frontier defences are to be improved. Comme.rce and industry are to be promoted especially by controlling the bandits. Internal administration is to be improved. The relation between the central government and the provinces is to be made clear. President Hsil. is very desirous for peace between the North and South. It is hoped that the legal situation arising from his election by a non-representative Parliament may be solved 'in a way satisfactory to Canton and Peking.

16 In spite of political unrest, the people of China have made new roads, have introduced b8etter systems of lighting their cities, and have carried on internal commerce. The foreign trade has increased in spite of unfavorable conditions. The trade with the United States was 150% greater in 1917 than in 1915.

In religious work the outlook has been encouraging. The nation-wide week of evangelism was observed for the second time. In spite of the disturbed state of the country, the week was observed this year more widely than before. It comes in the first month of the Chinese New Ye~r during which the church members take advantage of the. leisure time to do personal work among their friends. The Religious Tract Society of North and Central China issued 255,000 special AT A CHIINNEeSs!> STUD!>NT CONF!>RI!>NCP; tracts to be used during this week. The Spring Evangelistic Campaign conducted by Dr. Sherwood Eddy and Mr. Frank Buchman in twelve large cities was very successful in enlisting the Chinese Christians in personal work and in persuading prepared men to make a final decision to join the Christian Church. In Canton four hundred Chinese Christian workers brought in eight hundred prepared non-Christian friends.

The China Continuation Committee is undertaking a survey of mission work in China which will not merely record the static condition, but will enable the missions to apply the men and money so as to obtain the largest results.

The visit of Dr. Zwemer has stimulated the interest in the work among Moslems. A committee to study this work, appointed by the China Continuation Committee, has started the production of Christian literature for the Moslems.

The China Christian Educational Association has now associated with it nine associations which cover the' whole of China, and are studying the problems of education.

The cause of church union is receiving increased attention in China. A meeting of Presbyterians, the London Mission and the American Board representatives was held at Nanking for the pur-

pose of forming a Federal Council of Christian Churches in China. The objeCt of this Federation will be such comparison of views and adjustments of practices as shall prepare the way for ultimate organic union.

The war has depleted the missionary force. One mission has sent over one half of its men into war service. The war has also ·(reduced the number of men recruits, especially physi,cians and teachers. Plans for new institutions and the enlargement of old ones have been held up. The increased cost of living, accompanied by the rise of the price of silver, has brought about retrenchment and some hardship.

It is expected that China will now take her place in the sisterhood of natione with territorial integrity guaranteed by the Allies. The republican government must be assisted to put down militarism both external and internal so as to give China peace from civil strife. This will enable China to put her house in order and turn her attention to educating her children, developing her resources and carrying out much needed reforms. The Christian workers will be confronted with an opportunity unequalled in the history of missions. The Christian Church must provide the spiritual basis for the republic. The churches forming training schools for the r·epublic will teach the Chinese brotherly love, social service, civic pride, true patriotism and Christian internationalism all motived by the love of God planted in the hearts of men. In fact, without the cooperation of these groups forming the essential church the· republic cannot be established.

The Opening of Tibe(to:Christianity BY REV. RODERICK A. McLEOD Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society.

I N Tibet there is offered to the Christian Church an opportun- . ity, the like of which has never been presented to it in the past, and which may never come again. The great closed land of Tibet is now open for missionary work. Most of the hindrances heretofore existing have been removed, and in their stead there are assurances of a hearty welcome and even of assistance.

Dr. A. L. Shelton, a missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, on the Chinese Border of Tibet, recently visited Gartok and Charhbdo. At Gartok, five days south-west of Batang, he fonnd several thousands of troops from various districts of Tibe,t, even from Leh and Ladakh. They were armed with Enfield rifles, and were well disciplined. The commander, a very interesting man, discussed religious questions freely and quite

THE OPENING OF TIBET TO CHRISTIANITY

reasonably with Dr. Shelton and said that while the former attitude of Tibetans toward for- eigners was hostile, the "YYoouunngghhusband Expedition"

had taught the Tibetans to' re- gard the foreigners with favor.

In discussing the question of mission work in Lhasa, the com- mander was very favorably im- pressed, and forwarded to the Dalai Lama a letter in which Dr. Shelton requested permis- sion to open work in Lhasa.

During the fighting on the Tibetan border last summer Dr.

Shelton went to Chambdo at the request of Mr. E. Teichman, the British Consul from Ta cheinlu and the Galon Lama. This Galoan Lama is a personage of great authority, only the t.wvo A LLAMA PRIEST OF TIBET kings of Tibet and .tthhe Dalai Lama having authority over him. The doctor found unspeakable conditions among the wounded soldiers who had been lying for two months without medical aid.

One man had all his lower jaw shot away and all the wounds were stinking. Dr. Shelton operated for four days, working each day as long as he could stand.

The Galon Lama ordered that all the needs of the doctor should receive prompt attention. Speaking of foreigners, the Lama said that the Tibetans had been forced to keep out foreigners because of a treaty with the Chinese; but that now the treaty is no longer in force. The doctor has a great reputation in that country and was promised help if he would come to Chambdo and build a hospital. At parting, the Lama presented the doctor with three hundred rupees and two valuable vessels ornamented with beaten gold and silver, expressing the hope that they would be friends for life. All this, coming from one of such high authority, cannot be too strongly emphasized.

Dr. Shelton noticed many changes amongst the masses of the Tibetans. Most of them wore foreign hats and many had foreign shoes. One had a camera and could use it well. The presence of foreign cloth, foreign sugar, foreign tobacco, foreign shoes, the craze for foreign goods, and the development of manufacturing (the Tibetans manufacture ammunition for Hotchkiss field pieces) are signs of Tibet's new life.

Three main reasons for the changed attitude of Tibetans are (1) the weakening of Chinese influences, (2) "The Younghusband Expedition," and (3) the visits of Tibetans to foreign countries.

Since the year 1720 China has controlled Tibet's foreign policy which followed China's former hostile attitude toward foreigners. Tibet was commanded to have intercourse with China alone, and the minds of the Tibetans were filled with an exaggerated account of the early Chinese notion of missionary work. But the Chinese injustice, treachery and cruelty toward the Tibetans has caused them to throw off the Chinese yoke and rise in defense of their rights. Thus Tibet is now practically an independent nation.

"The Younghusband Expedition" broke the spell of igno- rance which the Chinese had c~st around the Tibetans. It was a great revelation to them to find that a foreign army could march into their capital, do no looting, show acts of kindness, and retire peaceably even to the last man. The treatment of Tibetan captives at the hands of the British went to the Tibetans' hearts, for they had never seen anything like it.

Then the Tibetans began to travel abroad. At Chainbdo, Dr. Shelton met a Tibetan colonel. who had visited all the important countries of Europe, Asia and Africa, and was only sorry that he could not afford to visit America. One officer spoke English. Another had a son in London. The observations of these travelers are reported at home and make tremendous impressions. Foreign ideas are being readily adopted, including foreign military tactics, dress, and treatment of prisoners.

This situation must appeal with irresistible force to every Christian. We have been waiting at the closed door of Tibet for the past fifteen years. Now that door is open. We must. enter or perish, like the Israelites in the Wilderness. The Christian is a saviour. Saving others is the function of the Christian life. Tore- sist the appeal of this open door is to quench the spitit of Christ, and to invite spiritual death.

The appeal of the situation reaches further than America; it reaches heaven. There it becomes imperative. From that seat of highest authority, a command is issued: "Save the Tibetans." To every disciple of Christ, this command is uttered in a voice which speaks in tones more imperative than the thunders of Sinaiin tones of love.

The situation demands immediate action. God will accomplish His purpose in Tibet even if some of His disciples are disobedient, ·but it will be to our discredit and condemnation. An evangelist and a doctor should open a station at Chambdo at once. A day school, Bible school, and dispensary should be instituted immediately. The prayers of the Church for open doors are answered. Now is the time to go up and possess the land for Christ.

IN INDIA IN CHARACTER AND SELF

Chair caning at an Industrial Mission India's"-Nationarand Christian Progress BY BISHOP FRANK W. WARNE, D. D., INDIA Missionary Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE millions 'of India's poor are suffering more than those of most other nations in the present increase in the cost of liv- ing. Their sufferings are further intensified by a scourge of plague and a failunre of rain in northern India, which has added famine conditions.

As an outcome of her share in the war, India will more quickly attain to her new national aspirations calling for "responsible see1l£fgovernment." India's most extreme agitators have not asked for separation from the British Empire, but only to be part of the Empire like Canada and Australia. The British Government is putting forth an honest attempt to grant India a regime of constitutional government which will open the way for the full statnure of he.r self-government within the Empire. Great Britain with her genius for education and colonial goverinumnent will surely save India from Russia's sorrows and will guide her safely to national great- :nneesss; and as an outcome, thrree hundred millions of our cousins of ".AArryyan broowwnn""w.wiilll take their place .as one of the great countries composing the British Empire.

The war has given India a clearer conception of the true Christian spirit. When the struggle first began between so-called Christian nations, India's non-Christians felt that Christianity had 21

failed, but later when America offered her sacrificial service for the liberiy of oppressed peoples, asking neither indemnity nor territory, India recognized that such a spirit could emanate only from Christ. India further saw that Christ's teaching concerning love and justice must come to have world wide application-the "Government shall be upon His shoulders." India has seen .that she must cease to oppress her outcast millions and must in a new sense practice toward them justice and helpfulness. These new conceptions will be incorporated into India's new national and Christian development, and will hasten the hour when Great Britain may give to her the measure of self-government she asks.

With these developments, the war will iu many ways vitally aid the' cause of missions and reforms in India. Think of this: among the five or more million Indians in various capacities now in the war on the battle fronts of France, Mesopotamia, Mrica, Egypt, the Dardanelles, Saloniki and Central Asia, very few before the war had a horizon larger than their local village life, but they will return after having associated with people from many lands, with a world vision of domestic, social, political and religious reforms and with a soldierly purpose to put them into effect in India.

An Indian minister tells of holding a service in an out-of-theway interior village, when a returned and wounded Mohammedan soldier rose and gave this testimony: "I know that this Jesus religion is true. When I was lying out on the battle field among other wounded men, the followers of this religion came out,- braving the falling shells, and carried us away and tenderly cared for our wounds. They bore upon the sleeves of their white robes the emblem of the cross on which their Christ gave His life for the world, and dyed with the color of the blood he shed."

In this way millions of returned Indians will witness for Christ and advance India's social, economical, political and religious transformation, and will everywhere reinforce the work of the missionary.

India's mass movement, which has been called the greatest since the founding of the Christian Church, has not only not a.bated under war conditions, but is spreading in dimenslon and growing in spiritual power. In the first" Acts of the Apostles" three thousand were baptized in a day, but in India's "New Acts of the ApostIes" three thousand are baptized in the various missions every two weeks. India's mass movements with their urgent call for the education of the multitudes of untaught children coming into the Christian churches, the training of the necessary workers to keep pace with the movement, and the shepherding of the new converts gives to the churches of America one of the greatest Macedonian calls of history.

Peril of

Stirring events in Urumia, Persia, and the remarkable way in which word was brought of the condition of the missionaries there.

BY REV, FREDERICK G. eOAN, D. D., URUMIA, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

N OR'l'HWESTERN Persia is in the grip of an awful famine. The events of the past few months surpass in their horrors and dangers even those of the never-to-be-forgotten year 1915.

When the Russian for('es were withdrawn from Persia as a result of the demobilization of her armies several thousands of Armenians and Syrians-refugees from Turkey-were left well armed and with ammunition. The Moslems resented the fact and tried to disarm the Christians. This resulted in fighting in which men on both sides were killed. The Moslems were overpowered in Urumia as well as in Salmas and came to the Mission yards with flags of truce. They surrendered and promised to hand over all arms and ammunition-a promise that was not kept.

A widespread plan on the part of the Moslems to bring in outside forces and wipe out the Christian population was only prevented from execution by the bravery of the Christians who fought against superior numbers with the courage of despair.

The Syrian Patriarch Mar Shimun, a man of intelligence and most attractive bearing, was in Urumia at the time of the fighting, and was asked by the Persian authorities to go to Salmas to quell the disturbances there between the Armenians and Syrians on one hand, and the Persians and Kurds on the other. He was led into an ambush and, with some 200 followers, was most, brutally murdered by the noted Kurdish chief and outlaw, Simku. This dastardly act greatly aroused the indignation of the Assyrians who avenged the act by killing Simku and two of his brothers with over a thousand of his followers. Fighting has been going on ever since and the Christians have beaten off repeated attacks by the Turks and Kurds.

A letter received a week ago from my daughter, Mrs. Richards, describes the remarkable way in which they were able to get word out to the world after being bottled up tightly for five months. One morning hearing an unusual sound, they went to the roof and to their amazement and joy saw a biplane flying over their compound. The lone Englishman who was in it waved to them and when he alighted in a field near by they learned that he had flown 150 miles that morning, from Kazvin, Persia, to find out what had happened to this lonely outpost with its small force of Americans.

23

Lieut. Pennington told them that he was ready to take out any letters they might have, and he left the next day, July 8th, with· the first word that was carried through from Urumia since February. Thousands of refugees, Armenian and Syrian from Van, Salmas, and the villages around Urumia, were then camped near the city with their animals and few belongings, ready for flight at a moment's notice.

A letter from Mr. McDowell, written from Baghdad on September 6th, supplies the last link in this tale of sorrow. Just prior to the arrival of the Turks, one of the Syrian leaders with his force went south to meet the English soldiers who were being sent to relieve Urumia, This departure started a panic among the people and some 70,000 started after them in mad flight. Dr. William A. Shedd and his wife, after making a vain attempt to bring them back, went with the multitude, hoping that they might be able to keep some order and protect the helpless in the attack that was sure to follow. A letter from Mrs. Shedd written from Hamadan on August 26th gives one of the saddest and most tragic stories in the history of our Persian Mission.

After fleeing for five days, with increasing distress among the weary, footsore, frightened and hungry refugees, the Kurds overtook the Assyrians and attacked the rear guard. Hearing that the English forces were at Sain Kala-not far ahead-they whipped up their weary horses and pressed on.

The panic and mad rush of the poor people to get on to where the English were, was terrible. The roads became jaIllllled, carts broke down, goods were flung away. The people clung to their money and bread, but the villages, through which they passed, were mostly deserted and many perished from hunger.

At last they reached Sain Kala six days travel from Urumia and met Major Moore and Captain Reed with a small force of some 150 soldiers. But hardly had they reached there before a small force, sent to the rear to protect the laggards, came back with the report that large forces of the enemy were pursuing them.

The thousands of weary refugees began to move agalll like a great avalanche. Soon after reaching camp Dr. Shedd who was worn out by the terrible experiences he had passed through, showed signs of illness, but with Dr. Jessie Yonan, a Syrian physician and their servants and drivers, they were obliged to move forward. The doctor had no medicine, there was no food, and the oil had given out, so that they could not even light a lantern. The sound of firing again warned them they must move on and the dying man was placed in the cart and carried over the rough roads. Two hours later a doctor arrived and found that Dr. Shedd was suffering from cholera. Soon afterward he passed away, and without shroud or coffin was laid to rest on the hillside. Alone in her sorrow the

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

stricken wife went on, finally reaching Hamadan after 26 days of hard journey.

The refugees to the number of some 50,000 or more divided, some finally landing at Hamadan and others pressing on to Bakuba, 40 miles north-west of Baghdad. The missionaries who remained in Urumia with some 5,000 Christians, seem not to have been molested, although several prominent men were hung and 600 girls carried off into captivity by the :Moslems and Kurds.

What will be the future of Persia 7 We believe that God's work, so faithfully begun in Persia, will not be destroyed. As :Mohammedans realize how they have been led astray and how their political power is forever gone in the "Near East," we hope that they will turn to better things. The challenge comes to the Church to go to these deluded, mistaken people, so long enemies of the Church of Christ and to explain to them the Gospel of peace, forgiveness and love.

American Influence in Bulgaria BY THE REV. EDWARB B. HASKELL, D. D., BVLGARIA . Missionary of the American Board, 1891 I T was about the middle of the nineteenth century that the Bulgar- ians, a' race whose very existence was almost forgotten by the out- side world, attracted the attention of Cyrus Hamlin, Elias Riggs and others of the great missionary statesmen then regnant in Con- stantinople. In fact as early as 1841 or 1842 Dr. Riggs, the won- derful linguist (who was a leading member of each of the com- mittees which translated the Bible into modern Greek, Armenian, Turkish and Bulgarian) issued a little paper-covered Bulgarian grammar in English. He stated in the preface that he was prompted to do so by his hope that his countrymen would be aroused some day to take an interest in the Bulgarians, and would then find his grammar ready to aid them in acquiring the language. His hope and faith were justified when the American :Methodists began a work between the Danube and the Balkan Mts. in 1857, and the American Board authorized its Western Turkey Mission to "take on" the Bulgarians south of the Balkans in 1858.

It may be wise here briefly to reply to the question so often asked, "Why establish missions in the Balkans at all when the non-Moslem races already were members of the Eastern Orthodox Church1" Let us recall that the Turkish conquest of the Balkan P€ninsula was completed shortly before the first stirrings of the Reformation took p}ace under John Hus. The report of the Oar- negie Commission on the Balkan Wars very aptly describes this con- quest as "leveling all the nationalities and prese~ng them all

alike in a condition of torpor, in a manner comparable to the action of a vast refrigerator." Now imagine the circumstances reversed, with Eastern Europe left free and Western European develop- ment arrested at just the stage which religion and education had reached in the year 1400. Then suppose that such men as Luther and Calvin had arisen in Russia and Greece, and the progress which followed their labors had taken place in Eastern Europe. Would it have been proper or improper, brotherly or unbrotherly, for Eastern Christians to have sent emissaries bearing their relig- ious and educational acquirements into Western Europe ~ The British "Diplomatist" who wrote that remarkable book, "National- ism and War in the Near East," says that we westerners "can scarcely realize the disadvantage to the growth of a community whose progressive forces get no inspiration from Protestantism and whose conservative forces are not firmly founded in Catholicity. " He deplores the degradation of the various branches of the Eastern Church into political machines so that, for example, "The Christian Churches of Macedonia are of ethnological rather than of ethical importance." He affirms that "the autocephalous Christian Churches of Eastern Europe have contributed nothing as evangelizing influences to the maintenance there of peace and goodwill; while, as educational influences, they have contributed only to the growth of nationality (chauvinism), and have fmled to exercise any influence on the new spiritual life of the Balkan Peninsula." This heavy indictment from an entirely non-missionary source would seem abundant justification for evangelical missions in the Levant.

Before passing on let me mention a contrast to the last quotation above, which I love to remember. For some years before the Balkan wars the Greek and Bulgarian evangelical churches of Salonica were accustomed to. celebrate the January week of prayer in unison, the meetings being held three evenings in the Greek and three in the Bulgarian chapel. The same hymns, translated from the English, were sung in both languages at once, and the readings, prayers and remarks were alternately in each. After the deplorable second Balkan war I feared that relations between the rlloos were too strained for our usual procedure. But when the natives were asked their opinion, they said, "Why not? Is Christ divided 1" And in the meet.ings of that year not an unbrotherly word was spoken, nor was there less power and unction than usuaL Returning to the Bulgarian work, one of the first moves made by the missionaries was the establishment of a monthly paper, the Zornitza or "Morning Star," which later became a weekly. There was a hiatus of several months between the appearance of the first and second numbers. Having made his perfectly reasonable petition to the Turkish authorit.ies for a permit to publish,

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

NEEDING DEVELOPMENT-A TYPICAL SCENE IN BULGARIA the editor put out his first number with innocent confidence that the "formalities" would be over in a few days. "Thereby hangs a tale" worth repeating. One day during the months of waiting the American Minister met the Grand Vizier at some function and took advantage of the opportunity to ask, "By the way, your Excellency, what are the prospects for that little Bulgarian paper which some of my countrymen wish,to publishT"

"You mean that republican journalB?" said the Vizier. "Oh, no, your Excellency," replied the Minister, "you have been misinformed. It is not to be a political but a religious sheet." "But is it not to be Protestant1"- "Yes, your Excellency. " "Well, Protestantism is republicanism." The wily autocrat sensed the situation with unerring instinct. Without any effort on their part to instigate revolution or even to stir up discontent, it undoubtedly is true that the missionaries hastenedthe overthrow of Turkish rule. The following story showing the feeling of another autocrat was told me by a classmate. He was traveling in the Balkans in the late nineties and chanced to be at Cettinje when Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria was visiting Prince Nicholas of Montenegro. My friend had introductions to royalty which caused him· to be invited to accompany the two princes on a walk. In order to sound him he casually remarked to Ferdinand,

"By the way, you have some American missionaries in Bulgaria, haven't you ~ What do you think of them 7"

"Well, they are rather a nuisance, as they divide up the people", said his Highness. "But," broke in Nicholas with a slap on Ferdinand's shoulder, "had there been no American missionaries there would have been no Bulgaria." "That may be true", replied Ferdinand with a shrug. The statement of Nicholas wa~ an exaggeration, as was an editorial statement in the London Times, some years ago, that the Bulgarians owed their emancipation to the Zornitza. But the Z ornitza, which today is the oldest Bulgarian paper extant, undoubtedly did a great work. While treating all subjects from an evangelical Christian standpoint it never was sectarian, and avoided attacks on the Orthodox Church. It thus entered hundreds of villages never visited by a preacher and was valued by a multitude of Orthodox readers. The editor once told me that copies sent to villages often were read aloud at the village cafes and passed from hand to hand, until each probably had reached twenty people. The Bulgarian word for newspaper is vestnik, but the Zornitza, being the first and best known paper among them, many Macedonians supposed that zornitza was the generic term. A postal clerk at Monastir in 1893-4 used often to tell me, "No zornitas came today"- meaning that no American papers had arrived.

Besides the weekly, our publication department prepared many books and tracts which were widely scattered by colporters, together with the Scriptures translated by missionaries and published by the British and American Bible Societies. There was very little controversial literature in the output, the truth being presented in a positive fonn and left to make its way. It would be a just criticism that too much was translated from the English without adaptation to local conditions, and that dogma was too prominent. But on the whole, a great deal of genuinely ethical and Christian leaven has worked its way into Bulgarian society through the press. After Zornitza became a weekly it published a monthly for children, and the Methodist Mission began a monthly named" Christian WorId," in which some valuable books were run as serials. Some years ago an Orthodox writer, speaking most candidly in a Sofia magazine on the beneficial influence of the Protestant movement in Bulgaria, pointed enviously to its literary activity, citing its seven religious periodicals, weekly, monthly, juvenile and tempemnce, in contrast with one little Orthodox paper for priests.

The preaching done by the missions has been of the same nature as their publications, with rarely a reference to or attack upon the Eastern Church. The presentation of truth and the ap- peals to conscience and will are exactly such as one hears in an

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

ordinary Congregationalist or Methodist pulpit in America. A two-fold result has followed both the preaching and tlie literature. Some people have felt that the old Church did not furnish them the spiritual food which they wished and so have organized evangelical churches. Others have been stirred to try to be better Christians within the old Church. Among the latter a strong reform party has arisen, including many of the younger priests. The text books for teaching religion in the public schools have been so purged of superstition as to make one pastor call them "evangelized."

So much has been written of the influence of Robert College and the Women's College at Constantinople on Bulgarian political and social life that it is unnecessary to say more here. Those institutions have been patronized by the comparatively wealthy, while the middle and poorer classes have turned to the less widely known mission schools at Samokov. It was a striking fact that these schools never had been so full as in 1917-18 when so many were insisting that we ought to declare war on Bulgaria. I would not be understood as implying that Bulgaria owes her educational system-one of the most thorough in Europe-to America. The Bulgar has been inclined to over-estimate the value of intellectual as compared with spiritual training, and would have sought education anyhow. The establishment of American schools among the people near the beginning of their national renaissance doubtless contributed to their intellectual advance. And those among them who value character as an educational product value our schools. Whatever be the cause, the Bulgarians spend annually for education double the amount per capita spent by any other Balkan race, and have reduced their illiteracy, in forty years of emancipation, to less than half what it is in the adjoining States after their eighty years of freedom.

There is a wide-spread feeling today that American Christian influence has amounted to nothing in Bulgaria because she took the wrong side in the war and because she committed atrocities. It scarcely is just to condemn a whole people for the action of a Bourbon King, and it is only right to remind ourselves that a willingness on the part of Bulgaria's ne1,g"hbors to rectify the inequities of the 1913 Bucharest Treaty would have made it impossible for the King to enlist her against them. As to atrocitiesmost of them did not happen. When Balkan races vilify one another the old resident among them discounts their charges about 75%. I have learned, for instance, that a horrible "hymn of hate" attributed to a Bulgar was not written by him and has not appeared in any Bulgarian publication. It is part of a "fabricated" slander campaign, such as those races fabricate easier than we fabricate ships. Bulgaria is as unable now as in 1913 to get any reply to the charges against her circulated outside her borders,

and unsportsmanlike advantage is being taken of the situation in order to influence the coming Peace Congress.

My own quarter century of mission lif·e has mostly been spent in Macedonia, where I have formed warm friendships with members of all the Balkan races. I realize that the period of work among them has been too short, and the human and financial forces employed too inadequate, to transform the national life. The Bulgars have proved the most responsive to American Christian influence of any Balkan people. Yet it would be presumptious to claim that all theIr progress is due to it. It has had some share, however, in producing the following results: 1. A religious tolerance unapproached elsewhere in the Levant. While the constitution of every Balkan State guarantees religious liberty to its subjects, those outside Bulgaria also forbid criticism of or conversions from the "Pravo Slav" (Slavic for "Orthodox") Church. This curious self-contradiction is explained on the ground that religious liberty means the right to exercise undisturbed the religion in which you were born, the' religion of your parents. You may not choose a new form for yourself unless you change from something else to Orthodox.

A lady who passed through Greece in 1914, recently told me that she saw some men looking out of the prison windows at Patras. She learned that twenty-three of them were there for having met together to read the Bible in modern Greek. The Greek constitution makes it a crime to sell, give away or own any Scripture portion in the spoken language of the people. Such a law is unthinkable in connection with Bulgaria. It is to be hoped that Prime Minister Venezelos, with his English proclivities and general breadth of view, will succeed in securing the repeal of this mediaeval article, and of unjust discriminations against non-conformists in certain of the Greek laws. Probably Montenegro is the only remaining European country which prohibits colporteurs from circulating the Scriptures within its territory.

In 1911 I talked with English "Plymouth Brethren" who have tried to work in Roumania. Their meetings had to be held secretly in private houses and frequently shifted to various quarters of Bucharest, lest the police discover them and arrest all in attendance.

In Belgrade a German Lutheran Ohurch was tolerated, but no Protestant preaching in Serbian. A Scot named McKenzie, an earnest Christian and philanthropist lived there for years. The Serbs so honored him as to name a street for him-but never allowed him to hold a service in the church building which he erected at his oWIi. expense on that street.. A little Baptist sect called "Nazorei" has secured a precarious footing in Serbia. Its member!! often have been beaten and imprisoned by the police. In January 1914

AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN BULGARIA

one of them told me in Belgrade that he had been tried that very day for attending ~ ~eeting. On the report of secret government agents who were present, all the men in attendance were sentenced to imprisonment for a month and all the women for two weeks. They had appealed the case, bnt if the sentence was sustained it would be my friend's seventh imprisonment for his faith.

After all that has been done for Montenegro, Roumania and Serbia in the war by nations outside the Eastern Orthodox Ohurches, and after the chastening experiences of the past three years, one may confidently expect that these states will cease to persecute dissenters from their establishments. In Serbia, at least, there are signs pointing in this direction. Whether Roumania will extend to the Jews the toleration which they enjoy in Bulgaria remains to be seen.

In Bulgaria the ecclesiastics, as everywhere, are intolerant and desirous to persecute. They have instigated sporadic outbursts of mob fanaticism, and cases of .official injustice. But I never knew of a prosecution or an imprisonment on a religious accusation. Bulgaria alone of the Balkan States recognizes the .legality of marriages performed for its subjects by Protestant pastors, exempts such pastors from military service the same as Orthodox priests, and frees their church buildings from taxation.

2. The temperance cause has made great progress in Bulgaria. Many temperance societies have been organized, which publish a monthly organ, and an extensive literature created. The Ministry of Education co-operated with the late Dr. J. F. Olarke in sending this literature to every school in Bulgaria and Macedonia. From 1907 to the end of 1910 Dr. Olarke published 350,000 copies of temperance tracts with 4,422,200 pages. Undoubtedly Bulgaria will be the first Balkan State to adopt any temperance legislation.

3. The great advance of socialism in Bulgaria shows an interest in human welfare, an idealism and a spirit of brotherhood which are essentially Ohristian virtues. The movement challenges the missions to he IDOl'P aINt in proclaiming a sane social Gospel.

4. There can be no doubt that it was in response to the American Ohristian influences which have been at work among them for 60 years that the Bulgarians so stubbornly resisted the tremendous pressure put upon them by Germany and Austria to break relations with the United States in April, 1917. A leading statesman said to me, "We owe all that we are to America, and if there ever is war between the two countries it will be by her act and not ours."

The fact that we did not declare war on her will create a more friendly feeling toward us in Bulgaria than ever before. If, while recognizing the rights and aspirations of the other Balkan States, we also grant the Macedonians the privilege of self-detpr-

mination, Bulgarian gratitude will know no bounds, and the American· missions will see before them opportunities which it will be difficult to live up to. After all, was not" Mr. Bri tling" right when, with vision clarified by a great sorrow, he said, "It does not matter in the least what we owe to Serbia or what we owe to Italy. We have got to set this world on a different footing. We have got to set up the world at last-on justice and reason. The Treaty of Bucharest [1913J was an evil treaty. It must be undone. Whatever this German king -ftf Bulgaria does, ·that treaty must be undone and the Bulgarians united again into one people. They must have themselves, whatever punishment they deserve, they must have nothing more, whatever reward they win." No juster word has been spok~.m.

The Missionary Situation in Bantu Africa BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR, D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in Sonth Africa AFTER the huge expenditures of money and life which have been required to end German political power in Africa, and after the revelations of the abuse of that power in cruelty and repression to the native races, it may fairly be assumed that there will be no thought of its restoration. The peace conference may either confirm the possession of the Colollies by Great Britain and France or may bring them under international control. Great Britain has made an enviable reputation in the government of sub- ject races and is sympathetic with Missionary work. The suggestion lias been made that the United States of America assume responsibil- ity for these great areas, but it is not likely that such a plan would be seriously considered. The British government has already taken steps to conserve the results of German mission work in Togoland and in East Africa by asking in the former case the United Free Church of Scotland and in the latter the Africa Inland Mission to take over German stations. Reports of French opposition to mis- SIon work on the Gold Coast indicate that some pressure may be required to secure fuller co-operation on the part of the French government with missionary effort.

Central Africa at this moment of history offers the most strik- . ing field for the exercise of such internationalism as is proposed in the League of Nations. The policy of non-interference with the internal affairs of sovereign states seems about to suffer some modifications with Russia, Austria, Turkey and Germany on the operating table, to say nothing of the possibility of Ireland bscom-

1919l THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA

ing an international question. And there are still plenty of mlll– stances of injustice on a large scale and plenty of problems of adjustment between ruling and subject peoples in Africa to give scope for the most patient and broad-minded statesmanship, if we have now actually reached the point when the democratic nations are ready to take up the mission of making a democratic world. In any case, with Germany's policy of exploitation abandoned and the growing recognition by governments and students of AfrriiCclijL1,nll ethnology that Christian missions offer the surest hope for the uplift of the native races, and their adjustment to the demands of developing civilization, the year 1919 promises to h0" 11 momentous year for African missions if the church will rf<(''", "11<1 to 111,,>" call of the Master as loyally as the country htals reSSllHHll:d I i) (tJ,c.;, 8c,'l1111 of the President.

REASONS FOR THE BRIGHTEK OUTLOOK I~ AFRICA A Mission School in East Africa The South African Government has withdrawn, at least till after the war, its Native Land Act, a very sweeping piece of legislation aimed at territorial separation throughout the Union. The reports of the local commissions, which were appointed to reconsider the allocations of territory made by the original Commission, recommended slnich additions to the proposed natives' areas as were impossible to secure with the native raCce politically powerless and the white race unready to deal with the problem in a generous spirit. Moreover it was found that the feeling of the )natives against the Act was growing in intensity to a degree that was causing serious unrest.

is The Committee of the Aborigines Protection Society is engaged in what characterized as "its most gigantic effort since the abolition of slavery" in dealing with a proposal of the Rhodesian government to exchange 6,000,000 acres of native reserves for 5,000,000 of other land. The question of the Chartered Company's claim to land in Rhodesia exceeding in extent the whole of Great Britain has been decided against the Company and native titles are to that degree confirmed. The problem of the natives' relation to the land increases in intensity in South Africa. The rapid increase of floating populations at the labor centers unattached to the soil, and the intensification of unfavorable economic conditions by war prices presents a fertile soil for the agitator. Strikes and boycotts, dangerous weapons in the hands of people at the African stage of development, are becoming frequent. Racial feeling is running high and these conditions are reacting upon South African missions in a resurgence of independent and schismatic movements and a general hair-trigger condition among those congregati>ons most in touch with the influences of the gold fields.

The situation demands on the one hand intensification of effort to train the native agriculturally and industrially and to keep him on the land, and on the other hand of the effort to interpret Christianity and civilization to him at the labor centers in the form of better homes, provision for entertainment and instruction in leisure time, under the auspices of the church, and general social betterment. Not only the mining centers but every African seaport and large town calls for this type of evangelism. But neither industrial training nor social service can save the native socially till the land problem is solved. The Act recently withdrawn was initiated in the interest of the European. In the coming reconstruction new legislation in the interest of the native must give him a fair share of the land and security of tenure on an individual basis, as fast as he becomes able to make effective use of such tenure.

PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION In the Kamenm war scattered the native populations, mission stations and funds were seized by the German army; in -German East Africa hundreds of thousands of natives were taken for transport, besides those in the fighting forces, whole tribes were broken np and homes destroyed by their women being taken away by the troops. There will be serious loss by the suspension of German missions, but good progress has been made in reconstruction efforts. The United Free Church of Scotland has bravely assumed the burden of the work in Togoland. The American Presbyterians came through with only 6% losses in the Kamerun and actually more than doubled the native contributions. They have put through with remarkable speed the substitution of French for

THE MlSSIONARY SITUATION IN BANTU AFRICA

German in the schools. In East Africa the Africa Inland Mission has taken over a large group of former German stations. In Kiziba the native church of Uganda is undertaking a splendid foreign mission enterprise and has already more than doubled the former number of German out-stations.

Perhaps the greatest problem of reconstruction after the war will be the readmission of the great evangelizing force represented by the missionary churches of Germany into a share in the missionary enterprise.

THE LIQUOR PROBLEM The progress of the prohibition movement in America is certain to react favorably on Africa, but vigilance will be needed to see that the interests driven out here do not seek a foot-hold in Africa as they are doing in Ohina. In South Africa which has been characterized as "among the most hopelessly liquor-ridden countries in the world" the grape growing trade has been making a. new drive for the privilege of selling Oape wines to the natives on the Rand. Persistent efforts are being made to introduce the Durban system of. municipal manufacture and sale of native beer on the Rand in the face of the, fact that sales have more than tripled since the system began, being now $12,000 per month. The illicit liquor traffic is responsible for 76% of the male inmates of South Mrican jails and 58% of the females, and yet there is a stronger demand for relaxation of the laws on the ground that they cause crime, than for prohibition which would abolish the crime. Belgium has declared for "bone-dry" prohibition to natives in her African territories.

It is refreshing to learn of a distillery closed in Portuguese Angola, and of Sir F. D. Lugard's appeal that Nigeria, having raised from other sources the £1,140,000 of revenue lost by the suspension of the liquor importation in 1918, shall continue to do so.

The temperance forces should seize the opportunity to make prohibition for the native races of Africa a leading issue in the peace discussions relating to the status and future of Africa, and they should start a campaign among the white churches of South Africa for general prohibition.

MISSIONARY UNITY AND CO-OPERATION .The Protestant Boards in the Kamerun have agreed upon a division on geographical lines of the entire field. The Conference consists of the American Presbyterians and Baptists and the German-Swiss Gossner and Basel missions. The Kikuyu Oonference, undeterred by its rebuff of a few years ago, has held a further meeting this year and reaffirmed its determination not to rest till all the societies concerned have a common ministry and one church. In German East Africa during the campaign the same societies organized a daily prayer meeting for the Mission Volunteer Military

Labor Corps, used on Sundays a service drawn up by the federation and on the first Sunday of each month had a common communion service.

The General Missionary Conference of South Africa has held no meeting since 1912, but will face the problems of reconstruction with Kikuyu's splendid example before it. One of its major undertakings will be a co-operative survey of the South Mrican field.

A Year of Latin American Missions BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE most remarkable development in the missionary situation in Latin America during the last year is the growing confi- dence manifested by the people of those lands toward the United States. The well known prejudice that has hitherto existed in every country from Mexico to Chile has always been a great barrier to mission work. North America's sacrifice of her profits on munitions with her unselfish entrance into the World War as a crusade for righteous;ness and true Democracy has given Latin Americans a real appreciation of her idealism and a desire for her friendship. "American Solidarity" has come to be the most popular phrase in Latin America. The establishment of North American banks, steamship lines and many new commercial houses has added much to these closer relations. Trade between the Fnited States and Latin America increased more than a billion dollars last year.

The great increase in the number of students from the South coming to this country is another indication of this growing fri('ndship. At the Studpnt ConfrreDrPs in Nortllflf'ld ;",cl T,l1,p (jrnDj"R there were enthusiastic groups of these students eal'lll'stl,l sCf'king to solve their spiritual problems. The Brazilian government has recently sent to this country twenty-seven graduate students who are to take two-year courses in agriculture, forestry, sanitation and engineering, to return to their country with these North American methods to help develop the marvelous physical resources of their country. The missionary forces have impressed Brazil to such an extE'nt that missionary leaders in this country were requested to meet the students and advise them concerning the institutions they should attend and help them in other ways to get the most out of their stay in North America. It is probable that the number of such students financed by the Government will reach one hundred during the year.

Brazil has just offered to the Southern Presbyterian Mission in Brazil free use of a well equipped agricultural school with some 10,000 acres of land, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, agreeing

A YEAR OF LA'l'IN AMERICAN MISSIONS

to back the school for a period of fifty years, if the Mission would provide the leaders in the teaching force. They have also elected a former teacher in one of the mission schools to head a modern school of domestic science for young women, in Northern Brazil, and have paid her expenses to this country to secure seven other young women teachers, specifying that they like herself shouid have the missionary spirit.

There is a new hunger for religion among our southern neigh- bors. Most of the educated classes, before the World War, had concluded that religion could be eliminated from modern life, but many have come now to realize that they must have a spiritual basis for personal and national life. A university professor of Buenos Aires has suggested the calling of a Congress on Religion to consider what should be done in this matter. This, along with a new recognition of the importance of missionary work, as illustrated by Brazil's attitude in other cases, points to a most encouraging out- look for the new year.

TERRITORIAL OOCUPATION The entire remaking of the missionary map of Mexico has been going on since the Cincinnati Conference in 1914, and this year has seen its practical consummation. This has meant the most revolutionary changes in missionary territory that have ever been accomplished in any mission field. At least one Board has sur- rendered all of its old territory and is going into an entirely new part of the country. Others are withdrawing from great stretches of territory, including several states and concentrating their work in those parts of their field where there is greatest need. Seven of the nine Mi,9sionary Boards in Mexico have now a clearly marked off territory for which they are particularly responsible. A depu~ tation from the various Boards, visiting their lipIds in January is and will all meet together in conference in Mexico City for a final adjustment of their property matters. These arrangements have required the utmost confidence in one another's fair dealing. Their consummation, in spite of all the political disturbances and other difficulties, marks a new era in missionary cooperation.

In Cuba the territorial readjustments have, to a large extent, . eliminated overlapping. The Disciples of Christ have withdrawn entirely, turning over their work to the Northern Presbyterians, who have also become responsible for most of the work of the Southern Presbyterians. Thus this field, where cooperation has been far from satisfactory, has gained greatly during the past year.

The missionary occupation of Santo Domingo has been em- phasized by a visit of the Secretary of the Committee on Coopera- tion in Porto Rico, who has submitted a plan for the Porto Ricans themselves to cooperate with the Mission Boards in the occupation of Santo Domingo.

Central America has received more attention this year than ever before. The Northern Baptists sent a deputation to visit their work there and in Mexico. The responsibility for the six republics, including Panama, is now distributed among the Methodists, Bap- tists, and Presbyterians. These three Boards have requested Dr.

Webster E. Browning, the Educational Secretary for the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, to make a survey of the educa- tional conditions in all Central America, in order to outline a com- prehensive program of cooperation in the educational work which these Boards are developing there.

The Disciples of Christ have sent their first missionaries into Paraguay, the territory which was recently assigned to them, and have voted to put $150,000 into a new school in Asuncion, after hav- ing received the promise of the President of the Republic and other prominent men to place their children in the school.

The Young Women's Christian Association is just now sending two Secretaries to Rio de Janeiro to open its second Association in South America. .

EDUCATIONAL MISSIONS The outstanding thing in the development of missionary educa- tion this year has been the series of educational conferences held by Dr. Webster E. Browning in Argentina, Chile, Boliva, Peru and Colombia. In each of these countries the evangelical teachers were brought together and, after discussing their problems, fonned a series of findings which will guide them in their work for the next several years. Dr. Browning had remarkable receptions in sev- eral of the countries, by the national leaders of education. In Peru he was requested to give an afternoon to the National Educational Council. In Bolivia he was invited to lecture at the State Nonnal and the Jesuit College, after the leaders of those institutions had heard him in the Methodist school at La Paz.

The first professor for the Union Theological Seminary in Bra- zil has just sailed from New York. The rest of the faculty will be provided for in Brazil. The following bodies are cooperating: Presbyterians, North and South; Congregationalists; Independent Presbyterians; Methodists. The Episcopalians will also send stu- dents to the Seminary.

The Evangelical Seminary of Porto Rico has been approved by five Boards, and probably by this time the first meeting of the Trustees has been held and the matters of location and faculty de- cided.

The Mexican Evangelical Seminary has progressed in a re- markable way. The large rented building has been crowded, some twenty-eight students having been enrolled from the eight organi- zations that cooperate in the Seminary. .

A YEAR OF LATIN AMERICAN

The International Facnlty of Theology, which is to serve all South America as a graduate school for the training of evangelic-a] leaders, has received the support of a sufficient number of Boards to guarantee its opening in Montevideo in 1920.

CHRISTIAN LITERATURE The coordination of all of the forces that are working for literature, both at the home base and on the field, has been gradually going forward during the year under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. Dr. George B. Winton, Editorial Secretary, and Dr. Orts Gonzalez, editor of Spanish Literature, have given their whole time to the production of literature in Spanish. Prof. Erasmo Braga, of Campinas, Brazil, has just been appointed by this Committee as editor of Portuguese Literature, with headquarters in Brazil.

A program for the production of books has been outlined by the Committee on Literatme of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which includes some thirty titles, principally along the lines of apologetics, religious education and social service. Each Regional Committee has a sub-committee on literature which is working with the central committee in carrying out this program. A significant thing in this year's missionary history has been the publication of the Introduction to the Bible in Portugese, by Dr. Jose Carlos Rodriguez, former editor of the Journal of Commerce. of Rio de Janeiro.

SOCIAL SERVICE AND MEDICAL WORK The Committee on Social Service, of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, has accomplished a large piece of work this year. Following the great victory for prohibition last year, they began a campaign against vice. With the aid of the military and civil authorities they closed practically all the houses of prostitution on the Island. The women who were confined in the jails were then organized into schools and taught to sew, cook, and in other ways to earn a living.

The Baptists have opened a new hospital in Pueblo, Mexico; the Presbyterians, a large dispensary in Vera Cruz. The Methodist Church in Buenos Aires raised a large sum to help their orphanage near that city and, almost immediately following, raised their quota of $200,000 (Argentine) for the Methodist Centenary. This was probably the largest amount of money ever raised in a campaign by an evangelical church in Latin America, and is indicative of what may be expected in future development.

With the closing of the great war, the world's attention is rapidly shifting from Europe to Latin America, where, in the next quarter of a century, we may expect the most important developments of any part of the world.

SOME; 'POSTERS USED IN 1T'IH-IE INDUSTRIAL WORK OF THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN AS

'l'HE WORKERS-A TUG OF WAR IN A

The Needs of the Industrial Workers BY FRED H. RINDGE, JR., M. A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Industrial Department, International Committee, Y. M. C.. A.

A MERICA realizes, asa result of the war experiences, that the "soldier in industry" is as vital a factor in the service of the nation and the world as is the soldier in arms. Nations have learned that they must regard the welfare of industrial workers as strictly as the welfare of soldiers at the front. The safety of the nation in time of war lies, as Prince Lvoff of Russia once expressed it, "in a union of the front and the rear."

Great leaders of our national and industriarl life are already facing the problem of how to promote the welfare of our industrial workers. What is needed in time of war is no less important from a humanitarian and Christian standpoint in time of peace. It is essential that living conditions be right, and that rest and recreation be provided. Ennggllaanndd'8's"HHeeaalth of Munition Workers Committee" made thorough investigations of conditions, and reported that, even from the standpoint of production alone, excessive hours did not pay. "Taking the country as a whole, the Committee is bound to record its impression that the munition workers in general have been allowed to reach a state of reduced efficiency and lowered health 41'

which might have been avoided without the reduction of output bY. attention.. to the details of daily and weekly rest. .~. .'". .'". It is for the nation to safeguard the devotion of its workers by its foresight and watchfulness lest irreparable harm be done to body and mind both in this generation and the nexxtt..""

These are strong words. Detailed studies revealed such facts as the following: A reduction of 12 percent in the hours of one plant resulted in a23 per cent increase in hourly output and an actual rise of 8 per cent in total weekly output. In another instance an absolute increase of over 5 per cent in output resulted when the working · day was reduced from 12 to 10 hours.

A NOON-DAY RELIGIOUS SERVICE IN A FACTORY ._The problem before America is not merely to avoid the lowering of standards, but to definitely obtain and maintain higher standards. This is clearly evident in the advanced positions being taken by the War Industries Board, the National War Labor Board, the Labor Policies Board, and various other agencies of the Government which have attempted to deal firmly and wisely with the great industrial and social problems of the day. Bnut efficiency and the welfare of the worker!; and their families depend upon the personal character and happiness of each individual worker. Ohristian agencies are therefore primarily the ones to which the world must look for the building of this character which is the final essential to safe industrial and social conditions. No matter how well we maintain, or how greatly we improve standards, there will always

THE NEEDS OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

be a tremendous need for the sort of thing for which the Christian Church and its agencies are responsible.

The Young Men's Christian Association has, during the past sixteen years, become increasingly efficient in its approach to the great industrial and social problems, and by really serving the men and boys of industry in an all-round way has produced both efficiency and character in a remarkable degree. The Association considers its field to be the approximately 15,000,000 males engaged in industrial occupations in the United States, and the hundreds of thousands in Canada. Gradually it has been enlarging its service to the workers in industry in other nations.

A CLASS IN ENGLISH TO HELP PIANO FACTORY WORKERS The service of the Association in industry is quite different from that of ordinary welfare work as generally conceived. Its field lies within the zone of agreements between employer and employee. It does not attempt to adjust issues, but to create a spirit in which adjustment of differences becomes easier. The Association is non-partisan, non-paternal, cooperative, and under trained leadership, with expert supervision, is adapted to all types and conditions, and yet it is more than neutral-it is mutual. The object of this work is to get the undivided message of the Association to both employers and employees, so that each shall manifest to the other as well as to all men in every relation of life that manly spirit of goodwill and unselfishness which controlled the life of Christ.

"Modifications in program may be neocessary to meet industrial conditions, but no modification of purpose nor obscuring of

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT-A LITERARY CIRCLE AT HOME objective has been found necessary or permissible. " This marks the difference between the Association's work in industry and so-called welfare or social service work.

Industrial corporations have invested millions in city buildings of the Young Men's Christian Association, contribute generously toward annual maintenance and pay several hundred thousands for the support of industrial extension work. Herman H. Westinghouse declares: "The investment of our Company in the Association is the best investment we ever maaddee,"," while Warren S. Stone, President of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers believes: "It has been one of the great influences for better citizenship and better manhood, and has done more for the railroad and industria! men than any other one thing. "

Those who are familiar merely with the city type of Y. M. C. A. do not realize the vast scope of its extension service-its religious and other shop meetings, its vast program of teaching English and citizenship to foreigners, promotion of health, safety and first aid, technical education, noon and after hours recreation, industrial athletic leagues, socials in plant and community and scores of other activities which help the" soldiers of industry" to get fit and stay fit.

rt will be a surprise to many to learn that over 125,000 industrial men and boys are members of the Association. Nearly three million .others attended religious and other shop meetings during

the past year and as many more wer e reached in other extension work. Most people aIr'e not familiar with the fact that in spite of the rapid ·growth in connection with distinctively war industries . throughout the country, the greatest industrial needs are still in the cities, and theert:e the Associiaation program is most eBxxtteensive. It has been found necessary not only to coont inue all the usual forms of . work, but to promote rapidly indussttrial branches of city Associa- tions, special buildings to serve industries in a much larger program of industrial work, and a specific form of organization by which a .secretary is required to give all of his time to a particular plant. In the latter case he is still a member of the staff of the city Asso- ciation, but has an office and equipment within the particular plant and devotes all his time and effort to the interest of the men and boys of that plant.

THE DAILY ROU 0 WHICH WAY ARE of thec'·wun1.s5kkiUllled work YOU HEADING 10 [ P ~ THE BREAD V~OR LINE RELIGION Om ~ 'It! help him gggft into /leilWf-gqCI CJIR.CCLLES?

The industrial departments, in cootton mill villages, coal and metal mining communities, lumber towns, construction camps, and in many war industries, are working wonders. Over $5,000,000 has been contributed by industry toward the Y. M. CO. A. buildings in connection with these industries outside of cities and over $500,000 a year is being contributed by the compann·ies toward the support of the work. An equal amount is g iiYy{e~nby the employees themselvees, thus making the Associiaattionn's indushial program. in reality as it is in name, a mutual welfa re enterprriisse. The Association is promoting all of its activities as far as possible through a committee of the workers themseelves, thus affording to them the maximum of democracy and control.

The specially adapted work in nineteen Y. M. C. A. buildings in the various plants of the DuPont Powder Company is a good illustration. At Hopewell, Virginia, for example, when the boom was at its height, the Association buildings ran day and night in three eight-hour shifts with a staff of 103 secretaries and assistants. 'l'wenty branches have been organized in the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Mining Camps in as many months. Near Birmingham, Alabama, at the plant of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company, the normal work of the Association has, according to testimony" of the Company, reduced accidents 47% in number and reduced lost time from accidents 55%. The output per man has increased 13% and the percentage of loss from defective work has been reduced one-third.

The Association, as a representative of the Church, has undertaken to layout a program to serve the 30,000 workers in the Government arsenals, the 100,000 in the navy yards, about 500,000 in the shipyards, and the millions in munitions plants and other essential industries. One of the simplest and yet unique types of service which the Association has undertaken has been the enlistment of small gangs of high school boys under a responsible gang leader to work on the "short shift" from four to eight p.m. in the shipyards. In the spruce forests of the Pacific Coast there were about 110,000 enlisted men getting out spruce'for airplanes in nearly three hundred different detachments, and the Association put a staff of twenty-five secretaries to work traveling from camp to camp organizing special service for these men.

In spite of this great economic result which the Association has produced, every effort is being made to hold uppermost the real religious message of the Association, as it is true today as never before, that the men and boys of industry are hungering for a realization of' the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of men. This the Association is helping to bring to them in a superlative way.

The coming of peace will increase rather than decrease the comprehensive activities planned for the soldiers and sailors and for the hundreds of thousands of workers of America and her Allies. The most comprehensive program of Christian service ever conceived is needed to prevent the period of demobilization from becoming a period of demoralization. Furthermore, these will be the months of most time available for putting on a really constructive program. Most of the present war industries will be continued and where necessary the product will be changed. Industry and industrial workers will always be with us, and during the coming critical period of reconstruction, the work of Christian agencies will be more necessary than ever.

The demand comes also from the industrial workers themselves. And it comes from the religion of Jesus Christ. May God help us to see the opportunity and to seize it I

ANNIVERSARIES IN THE YEAR

January 3rd-Krapf arrived at Mombasa to begin his East African Mis- sion 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

8th -Birth of Matthew Tyson Yates, first missionary of the Southern Baptist Convention 1819. 100th anniversary. See "Servants of the King" by Speer.

February 21st -Public baptism of Ranavalona II. of Madagascar and her prime minister 1869. 50th anniversary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews.

23rd-Death of Ziegenbalg 1719. 200th anniversary. See "New Acts of the Apostles" by Pierson.

March 21st -Birth of Mackay of Formosa 1844. 75th anniversary. See "From Far Formosa" by Mackay.

23rd-Founding of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. Church 1869. 50th anniversary.

31st -Vanderkemp landed at Cape Town 1799. 120th anniver- sary. See "Heroes and Martyrs of the Missionary- Enter- prise" by Smith.

April r·-~'– 5th -Founding of the Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. Church 1819. 100th anniversary. See "The Encyclopae- dia of Missions."

24th-Birth of James RobertsOn, first Home Missionary Superin- tendent of Manitoba 1839. 80th anniversary. See "Ser- vants of the King" by Speer.

24th -Death of Asahel Grant 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

May 2nd-Death of Henry Nott of Tahiti 1844. 75th anniversary. See "The Encyclopaedia of Missions."

10th -Completion of the Hawaiian Bible 1839. 80th anniversary. See "The Transformation of Hawaii" by Brain.

16th -Baptism of Pomare II. of Tahiti 1819. 100th anniver- sary. See "Christianity in Polynesia" by King.

June 8th-Doctor John Scudder sailed for Ceylon 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "The Missionary Reiew," June, 1909.

27th-Baptism of judson's first Burmese convert 1819. 100th anniversary. See "Life of Adoniram Judson" by Ed- ward Judson.

28th -Birth of Allen Gardiner 1794. 125th anniversary.

47

July 4th -Founding of the South American Missionary Society 1844. 75th anniversary.

4th -Comer stone of Robert College laid 1869. 50th anniver- sary. See "My Life and Times" py Hamlin.

August 1st -Doctor John Kenneth Mackenzie called to treat the wife of Li Hung Chang 1879. 40th anniversary. See "John Kenneth Mackenzie" by Mrs. Bryson.

3rd-Dedication of the first Protestant church in Alaska at Fort Wrangell 1879. 40th anniversary. See "Life of Shel- don Jackson" by Stewart.

September 8th -Public burning of idols in Madagascar 1869. 50th anniver- sary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews.

October 17th -First party of missionaries sailed for Hawaii 1819. 100th anni,ersary. See "Transformation of Hawaii" by Brain.

24th -Baptism of Paton's first convert on Aniwa 1869. 50th an- niversary. See -"The Autobiography of John G. Paton"

November 3rd-Fisk and Parsons sailed for Palestine 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "Fifty-three Years in Syria" by Jessup.

3rd-Doctor Clara Swain and Isabella Thobum sailed for India 1869. 50th anniversary. See "Eminent Missionary Wo- men" by Gracey. .

20th -Martyrdom of John Williams 1839. 80th anniversary.

See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field" by Walsh.

25th -Completion of Morrison's Chinese Bible 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "The Uplift of China" by Smith.

December 27th -Marriage of Robert and Mary Moffat 1819. 100th anni- versary. See "Lives of Robert and Mary Moffat" by John Moffat.

(Note the number of medical missionary anniversaries-·Vander- kemp in March; Scudder in June; Mackenzie in A<ugust; Clara Swain in November.) m The Foreign Missions Conference will be held New Haven, Conn.

January 14th to 17th, 1919. The Home Missions Council will be held at Wallace Lodge, Yonkers, N. Y. January 14th to 17th, 1919.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods o£ Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards BACK TO THE BIBLE T HERE was"a time when the only many who "have reached or are ap- available text-book for Mission proaching the state of the squeezed Study was the Bible, and when a lemon, whose work would glow with large part of the program of every a new light if they granted themmissionary meeting was Bible read- selves a daily leave of absence of ing. There is always danger in even an hour for research in that newly acquired wealth, and there are greatest of all missionary books-the among us those who in this sudden Word of God. In the busy rush and acquisition of text-books and pro- hurry of our missionary service we gram materials, are crowding the are prone to crowd out the commun- Bible entirely out of plans and pro- ion with God through His Words, grams, or are giving it scant place. without which our service is ashes. There are some who, in the multitude of new books to study, are finding "God never asks of us such busy labor no time for the study of the old As leaves no time for sitting at His feet."

Book. Missionary work would go forward A group of leaders at a conference with greater strides if missionary workers paused more often to get last summer were talking about the the Master's messages. lectures of one of the speakers who was one of the greatest professors At the Minnesota School of Misof one of our greatest universities. sions a speaker told the story of a For years they had recognized him professor who, worn by his work as a forceful speaker, but this year and the ceaseless coming and going he was speaking with compelling of the people who daily thronged his power and" irresistible appeal. One way, sought rest and solitude in a day one of the leaders lingered in quiet spot in Florida. One day when the class room and when he com- he supposed he was in a wilderness, mented on this fact the professor far from frequented ways, he was made answer: surprised to hear the strains of a banjo. As he followed the sound he "My university realized that I was came upon an old negro seated in the rapidly approaching the state of a forked limbs of a tree, giving an squeezed lemon, so they granted me a audience-less recital. year's leave of absence for study and research. I had planned to spend this "Why, uncle," said he in amazeyear in the universities of England. ment, "how does it happen that you When war conditions made that im- are playing your banjo away out possible I would not give up my here alone?" year of research. I stayed at home, but I spent the year in research in "It's this way, boss," said the old my own study, and have discovered man. "Sometimes I jes' has to get the New Testament." away from folks to serenade my own soul," and the professor knew he had In our missionary forces there are met a fellow traveler bent on a quest the same as his own.

49

Tennyson expressed the universal members, but the effort is made need when he said: worth while by the increased Bible study, and also by the increased at- "Solitude is the mother country of the tendance at the next meeting result- strong," ing from the calls.

as did also that other poet who said: Oftentimes a committee can use to advantage a book such as *"The "The nurse 0 f full grown souls is soli- Meaning of Prayer," by 'Harry tude." Emerson Fosdick, in connection with the study, getting as many members Many of us are missionary weak- as possible to buy a copy and follow lings who sorely need to journey the study by the topics there predaily into that mother country, or to sented. be ministered unto by that nurse who serves in the ante-room of the strong. Sometimes the committee may For 'tis but a step from solitude into present for study a different subject the presence of God who has prom- each month, giving to members the ised power to those in whom His passage to be read each day. Again, words abide. there may be months during :which the committee will select a verse for One has only to spend a few days each day, listing these verses on a in missionary conventions to be im- calendar pad for each member, with pressed with the hurried, rushing the request that the verse for the lives of many overworked, over- day be read and memorized at the wearied leaders. The Master's life very beginning of that day as a keywas full but it was never hurried. note which shall harmonize the lives No man ever filled days of service and labors of all the members even with measure more heaping, yet no though they work apart. Many man ever lived such a poised, un- Bible Study or Devotional Commithurried Iife. tees have thought that their work was done when the doxology was "Save me from the shame and sung at the regular meeting, but the weakness of a hurried life" their greatest opportunity is in folshould be the daily prayer of those low-up work, which makes Bible who long to follow along the way of study a part of every day's program His busy, unhurried days. in the life of each member.

A missionary secretary said re- Another opportunity is the securcently, "I am resolved never to sign ing of a good Bible teacher for a another letter 'yours hurriedly.' 1 special course some time during each am resolved not to be 'yours hur- year. Committees have been amazed riedly.' I will take time to live un- to find how many people will enroll hurriedly." for a course of Bible Study with a really good teacher, and some com- Who Leads the Wayi' mittees have made their annual week of Bible Study a week to which their The Bible Study Committee can members look forward from one year work wonders of transformation, not to another. Such a course on the only in the meetings but also in the Missionary Message of the Bible has individual lives of members by in- not only strengthened the faith of corporating plans for home Bible those already enlisted, but has constudy in each year's work. Clear verted many anti-missionary memoutlines giving the passages to be bers into loyal supporters. studied each day of the month should be written or printed on slips and The Bible in the Meetings distributed at the meetings. Absent members should be visited immedi- In some societies it is evident that ately. It requires some work to put the reading of a passage of Scripture these outlines in the hands of absent

1919J BEST METHODS

is regarded, not exactly as part of orize whole books of the Bible and the meeting but as a sort of opener even the entire New Testament, our necessary to the reaching of the real girls can memorize a single chapter table of contents. We "open with or passage." Bible reading and prayer," frequently as a mere formality before we pro- "One of the best Bible readings ceed with the study and the business we ever had was given by two of the day. There are those, how- women. It was announced 'Our ever, who .make the few mihutes Questions: God's Answers.' One devoted to Bible reading the keynote woman read a list of questions that to which the whole meeting is at- people frequently asktuned. Variety in presentation may be used to impress the message. The "Why should we send missionplans following are suggestive of aries?" "Will not the heathen be how the Sa.11le truths may be pre- saved anyway?" "How much shall sented in different ways: I give?" "How shall we secure mis- sionaries?" etc. The answers given "We always had a different woman as each question was asked were in lead our Bible readings at each meet- the form of direct Scripture quotaing. Then we varied the variety by tions. Such a form of Bible lesson uniformity for a season. One woman, could be given by two groups of whose life was hid with Christ, was girls, one group asking the questions asked to take as her special oppor- in chorus and another giving the tunity the preparation and presenta- answers." tion of a series of Bible studies which should be adapted to each meeting A lesson on "Their gods and our and form a vital and molding part God," not soon t.o be forgotten, may of the day's program. Her Bible be introduced by a woman or a numstudies were short, never going over ber of women in the costume of Inthe brief time allotted. They were dia, giving a description of the Godsimple, without any attempt at dis- dess Kali.* This followed by the play of her great learning. She came reading or reciting of a passage or from the presence of God to us with passages of Scripture which portray a message from Him in a way which the goodness, the love and the mercy made women determine they would of our God,· give us by contrast a. spend more time in Bible study and wonderful, new appreciation of our Father which art in heaven. prayer." "At one meeting a group of young TESTED TEXTS. The relating of the experience of some great misgirls recited the Scripture lesson. sionary in connection with a certain The memorizing of the beautiful text impresses both the story and the passage was a fine thing for the girls text on an audience. themselves, and their clear, earnest A woman who was asked to lead a tones delivered the message in a way devotional period at a cOhvention inthat made a deep and lasting im- troduced the Scripture lesson in this pression. This plan is excellent for a Scripture reading for a public way: meeting in a large auditorium. So "One morning a mother in Blanfrequently the Bible lesson is read by a woman whose voice reaches tyre, Scotland, roused her family at only the front seats. To have the five o'clock. They had been in bed passage clearly recited by a chorus only a few hOllrS, for the son had inof girls' voices led by some one in sisted on staying up all night on that the rear, who has a Bible in hand to last night he was to spend at home. assure absolute accuracy with no His mother insistently led him off to hesitation, is a welcome innovation. Surely when the girls of China mem- * The description of this goddess may be found in many books on India or may be secured from the editor of this de- partment, 2346 W. Grace St., Richmond, Virginia, by sending stamped envelope.

bed as she had done so frequently so unselfish and so inspiring that when he was a little boy. But when while other men sought great things the clock struck five on that memor- for themselves Henry Martyn 'forgot himself into immortal fame.''' able day of November 17, 1840, the mother called all her family. Then Another story which introduces a she put on the kettle and made the Bible lesson from the Psalms is from coffee. As they gathered for the Hans Egede's pioneer voyage to last time in their little family circle Greenland. He and his wife set sail a hush fell upon each heart. Then for that far-away, needy land on the father handed the Bible to his what their friends called a "crazy son and said, 'You read this morn- voyage" on a ship they named "The ing, David.' Hope." For a whole month they sailed about in Arctic waters in sight "David Livingstone's hands rested of the very land they were trying to reverently on that Book which car- reach. Although it was midsummer, ried his commission to go into darkest Africa, as he opened it to select great blocks of ice hemmed them in a passage to read as a parting mes- so they could find no passage-way to sage for each full heart. What should he read? With hopes and land. At last they found what_ fears surging through his own heart, seemed to be a splendid opening with the anxiety and loneliness that straight through. As the ship went might come to those left at home- through, suddenly great ice-bergs what should he read? He turned to closed in all around them. The cap- Psalm 121 and with its message of tain called out "All is lost!" And ever-present companionship he faced the sailors were frantic with terror. the heart of Africa." There was just one quiet, calm man on board. He was the missionary, A series of such texts with similar Egede, who repeated over and over introductions furnishes Bible lessons the fourteenth verse of the one hunfor a convention, for regular meet- dred and seventh Psalm: "He ings, for morning watch groups or brought them out of darkness and for family prayers. the shadow of death and broke their For a student meeting or a meet- bands in sunder."

ing of young people, Jeremiah 45 :5, With perfect trust in the God of with this introduction cannot fail to the Psalmist and his God, he looked impress those making decisions: out on those bands of ice fast clos- ing and prayed that God would break "A single Scripture verse which them in sunder. As the captain and changed the whole life of a man, sailors quaked in fear they could who in turn changed the life of mul- scarcely believe their eyes were not tiplied thousands is surely a Scrip- deceiving them when the icebergs ture lesson for a meeting of students. suddenly drifted apart, and "The When Henry Martyn was a student, he won highest honors in his college Hope" and all her passengers were course. He persistently put aside saved. the caIl that was frequently on his heart to enter the ministry, because The message of the "deathless of the dominating purpose which seven" is a Scripture passage that had taken possession of his life to should be better known. Captain become great in wealth and fame. AIlen Gardiner was not an ordained One day he read the fifth verse of mIssIonary. He was a commissioned the forty-fifth chapter of Jeremiah. naval officer. He made many jour- Over and over the words, 'Seekest neys to South America, and carried thou great things for thyself? Seek ever in his heart the great spiritual destitution of the people he there them not saith the Lord,' seemed to repeat themselves in his ears, until met. With a party of six other men, in he gave his life in missionary service, the year 1850, he sailed for Tierra

BEST METHODS

del Fuego. One of their two launches impressed by the rich blessing that was wrecked, but they went on. At came through the closing keynote. Picton Island, where they had .arranged for a relief ship to land, they With Eyes That See. buried bottles containing directions. White stakes with black crosses Bible study committees that make showed where the bottles were an opportunity survey will find that buried. In the bottles were notes undiscovered possibilities have been saying: "We are gone to Spaniard all around them, and that the bound- Harbor, which is on the main island. aries of a ten or fifteen minutes We have sickness on board; our sup- Bible study in a monthly meeting, plies are nearly out and if not soon which they had thought encompassed relieved we shall be starved." The their work, may be broadened to a days lengthened into weeks and yet field that is boundless. no vessel came. The supply of provisions grew smaller and smaller. In one church several women went Every day Capt!lin Gardiner wrote outside the membership to db what messages to his family and friends they could in promoting Bible study. and outlined a plan to conduct the One of the first calls was on a poor future of the mission for which he old woman who spent most of her knew he was giving his life. Then days entirely alone while her hushe wrote an "Appeal to British band was at his work. She was Christians in behalf of South Amer- sick and almost blind. When the ica." Twenty days after he wrote plap. for regular home Bible study his last message the relief ship came was presented to her she pointed and his body was found lying beside wearily to her eyes. his boat. All of that noble seven had starved to death in their effort "You see," said she, "I can't do it. to give the Bread of Life to South I'm so blind I can't see to' read." America.' On a rock the relief party saw a hand painted and be- Then the visitor saw another opneath it "Psalm 62 :5-8." That was portunity and proposed that her husthe message of trust this "deathless band should read to her at night, and seven" sent back to the world. that she would come back as often as she could to read aloud. The re- A CLOSING KEYNOTE. After the sult was a missionary victory, for program, after the business, just be- both this woman and her husband fore the members separate, a few were led back into the church from impress each member so that keynote which they had wandered far, and a from God's Word is sounded, may great reflex blessing came into the impress each member that that keynote life of the woman who brought the will sound in each daily life until blessing to them. the next meeting. We have regarded a devotional service as necessary for BIBLE STUDY IN A POLICE STAthe beginning of the program only. 'l'ION. "The most inspiring piece of Why not take a few moments at the extension work ever given me to do," closing of our conventions, and our testifies a missionary worker, "was monthly meetings for a devotional in securing Bible study among the thought? We go out from many police force of Atlanta, Ga. For session5"" wearied by our efforts to many days my heart had been bursolve difficult problems, sometimes dened with our neglect of the blueruffled by irritating discussions, in- coated men who guard our cities. stead of taking time to get together When I interviewed the Chief of with God ere we go. At a recent Police in regard to getting the men convention every member present was to promise to do regular Bible read- ing he said, 'You can't do a thing with them, but you are perfectly wel- come to try, if you don't mind being turned down.'''

"When I asked him to lead off by

giving me his name to head the list there. A godly woman, active in he shook· his head and promised with Sunday-school and missionary work, a feeling of perfect safety, 'Not now. immediately consented to take up this When you get the rest of the boys work, supported by her church. One I'll follow.' As I stood before the by one she visited the fire stations, three watches that day as they lined interested the men and placed the up in those strong blue lines, the in- Bible lessons based on the Internanate awe of uniformed authority was tional Sunday-school lessons in their swallowed up in a great longing to hands, as they promised to join' in be able to arm each one of these the study. men with the sword of the Spirit ere he went out to his day of duty ON THE STREET CARS. The~ and of danger. I told them that came a similar request from some there were some of us who wanted one who was interested in the street to add this other weapon to the car employees, and another from the equipment which the city of Atlanta Southern Railroad Shops. Truly furnished them. When I had fin- the work of the Bible Study Comished more than half of the men mittee looms big with opportunity. signed the card for regular Bible There is at least one large business reading and the surprised chief made house which takes thirty minutes of good his promise to join them. the regular working hours-not the time of its employees-to assemble "Jubilantly I went on into the de- everyone in the building, for Bible tective department. Every man tliere reading and prayer. If Christian save one promised to join us in reg- business men and women followed ular Bible reading. It was a great this example, how God's word would experience to be able to place on the be exalted! In other instances there desks of those detectives in unaccus- have been employed men and women tomed surroundings the Word of who have gathered together other God. employees before or after hours or at lunch hour for Bible reading and "One policeman said, 'Since I have prayer. been on the force you are the first person who has acted as if a police- INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR INDIVIDUman has a souL' ALS. The outstanding growth of ]1[0- lammedanism is due, not to the activ- "Another man said: 'I was walk- ity of a few aggressive leaders, but ing down Capitol Avenue one day to the fact that every follower of wearing my helmet with a civilian Islam is a missionary to carry the suit. A little boy rushed to his Koran wherever he goes. There are mother and yelled e'xcitely, 'Oh, many members of missionary sociemother! come see a policeman with ties who have never carried God's human clothes !' 'Sometimes I Word to a single soul. Part of the think,' added he, 'that people think work of the Bible Study Committee a policeman is just a uniform with- should be the distribution of Bibles out a human heart.''' -not in wholesale lots but personally by individuals to individuals. If THE: BIBLE AT THE FIRE STATIONS. every member of a church promised A mother who had two sons who to give at least one Bible or Testawere firemen, hearing of the Bible ment each year to some one who was reading among the policemen, asked not a Christian or to some Christian that a similar work be started at the who was not reading the Bible we fire-engine houses. We wondered would see a marked increase in spirit~ afterwards why missionary women uality as well as in numbers in our banded together to carry God's Word ranks. to the ends of the earth could pass our fire stations day after day without seeing the great opportunity

Says one worker who resolved to are talking much of all men being be on the lookout for individual op- free,there comes to us that great portunities for giving Bibles in the pronouncement on freedom, "Ye way they would mean most: "One shall know the truth and the truth day when we were crowded with shall make you free," as we face the work I 'phoned to a business agency greatest opportunity the church has for an extra stenographer. They ever had to give to a waiting world sent me a beautiful young Jewish the only Gospel of truth. girL As I dictated to her letter after letter concerning missionary AN AFRICAN DEMONSTRATION. work there came to me a feeling that if the winning of souls to Jesus HOW IT WAS DONE IN ONE SCHOOL. Christ were really the absorbing purpose of my life, I would not be The Editor-in-chief of the REVIEW is not able to let this girl go without mak- a theorist on'y but a practitioner as well, in the rea'm of missions. Here is ing an effort to win her. For sever- his story of how he took a Bible School al days she worked with us and on a journey to Africa. when she left she carried in her hand my parting gift which she ac- TAKING a whole Bible School cepted with thanks-a copy of the New Testament." , and their friends on a trip to Africa has proved to be a very Beyond all doubt there are mis- unique and satisfactory method of sionary offices in buildings in which putting an interest in African misthe elevator boy or girl has never sions into the hearts of the young been given a Bible by the busy work- people of the Upper Montclair, New ers who go up and down each day. Jersey, Presbyterian Church. There are students going away to college with no Bible. Even in some First, ten minutes each Sunday of our mission schools there are was given in all the classes for a brief study of the missionary textpupils who have never been given a book, "The Tribe of Zambe," by Bible. One mission study class of George H. Trull. Each teacher had young business women presented a this book, with another containing Bible to every student in the gradu- suggestions for teaching. Some also ating class of a school in Japan, and read one or more of the fascinating the following term they gave a Bible books by· Jean Mackenzie. The to every student entering. Superintendent spent five or ten min- utes at the close of each session giv- In appreciation of a quarter of a ing a demonstration of some fact million copies of the Scriptures dis- related to the study. One day it was tributed among the soldiers abroad, a geography lesson; another day, a General Foch sent this message to language lesson, etc. the American Bible Society : Second, each class was asked to "The best preparation that you prepare an exhibit consisting of can give to an American soldier go- scrap books (with maps and pictures ing into battle to sustail,1 his mag- of Africa), and models of African nificent ideal and his faith is cer- villages. These were made under tainly the Bible." the guidance of the teachers by the pupils at home. Some of the results Is not the best preparation that were clever and fascinating. A little you can give to a missionary soldier village of African huts, made of going forth to war to sustain his cardboard or bamboo or other maideal and his faith, that same Bible? terial, with palm trees, made of twigs and tissue paper, standing in And is not the best method of all molding clay; green blotting paper missionary methods the circulation for land and blue for water, with of the Bible?

In these reconstruction days when a world is being made over and we

small canoes on the bank; hammocks missionary physician. Suggestions made of raffia or twine were strung as to these scenes were taken from between two trees. An African cDDking pDt hung Dver a fire, and the missionary bDDks. A witch doc- SDme small black china dDlls were tDr came in with his head-dress, ratthe picaninnies. tle and medicine charm; sat outside of the hut in which the groaning A cDmmittee was appDinted to. pre- patient lay, and made remarks until pare a prDgramme fDr the SChoDl to. he discDvered where the pain was be presented at a special afternoon located. Then he left withDut havexhibit. This committee Df yDung ing benefited the patient. In CDnmen with their teacher secured the cooperation Df different classes to. trast, the second scene shDwed a give a live demonstratiDn Df the con- missionary physician and nurse in trasts between heathenism and Chris- their white costumes, cleansing ,and tianity in the African jungle. All binding up wounds and giving needthe parents and friends were invited ed medicine which brDught relief. and the rDDm was filled. A large The next two. scenes contrasted number Df curiDs were secured frDm the treatment of African WDmen and the FDreign MissiDn BDard. These children under an Arab slave raid cDnsisted of an African war drum; and under Christian teachers. Afrian African kettle; spears and battle can children (members Df the schDol axes; grass and bark cloth; witch dressed in simple cDstumes) sat Dn dDctDr's head-dress, rattle and medi- the flDDr, while some slave raiders cine; necklaces and bracelets, etc. came in stealthily, armed with battle First on the program, after sDngs axes, spears and whips, captured the and devotional exercises, came a map children, bDund them with chains talk. An outline map of Africa was and led them Dff to slavery. The hung before the schoo.l and the next scene shDwed an African schoDl speaker told briefly of the days of in which the children were being ignorance, when few people knew taught by a missiDnary teacher SDme anything abDut the interior of Afri- simple lessDns in sewing, hDusekeepca; and when tradition said that in ing, spelling, reading and arithmetic. some places men carried their heads These led up to. teaching about underneath their arms. He then "Zambe" (God), Dbedience to Him told of the place of Africa in the and reverence fDr His day. Sugges- Bible, and how Dnly abDut fifty years tiDns fDr these scenes 'were Dbtained ago. Christians' began to try in earn- from the Missionary EducatiDn est to' take the Gospel of Christ to Movement and from books on the Africans. When he mentioned Africa.

the founding of Presbyterian mis- For the closing scene all the chil- sions, an electric light was turned dren who. had taken part in the exon, shDwing the 10catiDn of those hibition gathered together into a grDup, while an African sermDn missions in West Africa. The plaHorm was arranged to from Miss Mackenzie's "An African represent an African scene. Palms Trail" was preached to them. This were hired from a florist. An Afri- sermon told how men had lost their can hut was built by some of the way and how Zambe had sent His boys with the use of a large crex Son to show men the way to Him mat. A missionary tent was put up when they were grDping about, not on the other side of the platform able to find Him.

and an African kettle was hung in The whole programme, with aP- the middle. propriate songs and prayers occu- The first two scenes contrasted the pied about one hour and a half. An treatment of a suffering patient by offering was taken up in each class an African witch doctor and by a for missionary work in Africa.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MRS. O. R. JUDD, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Representing the Council of Women for Home Missions.

THE NEW DAY IN CHRISTIAN have changed the status of the men AMERICANIZATION who went out from us as our "for- By Mary Clark Barnes eign-speaking soldiers." Every man of them who comes back will come I N July, 1918, this Bulletin gave a a genuine American, whatever he detailed account of the work be- was when he went out. He never ing done through various denomina- can return to his pre-war status. His tional boards for American soldiers, experiences in these past. months in camps and cantonments, whose have not all been of the trench, or faces were set toward the battle line the battlefield. The spectacular side over seas where the fate of nations of the soldier's life, occupied with'

hung in the balance. Today the air bullets, bombs and bayonets, has is charged with eager anticipation been mercifully limited in point of of the home-coming of more than time. It has dominated the horizon two million men who, having offered of our thought of him. It has given their lives for the supreme sacrifice, new color to his thought of life, of 'tave been spared to do their part in death and of the beyond. He is ;reating new efficiencies among the coming home a different man, a forces that make for righteousness larger man, than when he went away. and peace in the world.

It was a polyglot army that was mobilized among us in our nineteen What of His Home-Coming?

months of participation in the war.

Hundreds . of thousands of our The building of triumphal arches, "American" soldiers went into train- the organizing of processions, the ing camps so unacquainted with the blare of trumpets, the pealing of English language that they were un- bells, the pronouncing of eulogies, able to understand military orders. the presentation of medals, strains of At the command of the government music,-all these will be offered as they dropped the implements of natural expressions of a nation's their daily toil, put on the military gratitude for patriotic service nobly uniform and stood at attention for rendered. But the real home-com- the next order. For multitudes the ing of which every man is dreaming next order was, "Lessons in Eng- is to those who are closest of kin to lish," and that order, preliminary to him. Distance and time and inde- many other orders affecting the intel- scribable experiences have lent en- lectual, moral and spiritual welfare of chantment beyond any known before the men as well as their physical con- t? that constantly alluring anticipa"

dition, has been obeyed. The use of tlon.

mutually understood language, close What are American Christians do- comradeship with American-born ing to make possible the realization men, the .common sharing of common of the fond anticipations of our re- ·dangers in hazardous adventures, turning soldiers who have so recently equal participation in desperate en- been Americanized?

counters which have led to the vic- Shall they who have done their tory which the whole world cele- part in turning back the tide of bar- brates today-all these experiences barism, which threatened to over- 57.

whelm the world, comeback to find ment of Immigrant Education, sent that we who sleep in peace and comfort have failed to make common bulletins to the churches of our cause in common speech with their families left in the little foreign country containing the appeal, "Urge homes in America? each member of your organization to Yesterday discussion was heard of the merits of various definitions of act as 'a committee of one' to induce the term "Americanization." Occasionally some one ventured to en- one non-English-speaking immigrant quire whether a man might not be Americanized without acquaintance of your faith to learn English." with the English language. Whatever the need for response Yesterday was a long time ago by today's standards for measuring to this appeal two years ago, it is time. Yesterday was in the age of monarchies and despotisms. Today manifold greater today. However democracy beyond the dreams even of yesterday's visionaries promises great the need of those of our "own to encircle the globe. Today no one questions the imperative necessity religious faith," it is unspeakably in any nation that they who would preserve their national ideals must greater among those who have no be able to "think together,· speak together and act together for the com- religious faith; and they are many. mon good." Quick adjustment to develop:ng Acquiring the use of the English language is not all (If Americaniza- conditions is registered in the antion, but there can be ,_ A.mericanizaton without acquaintanw with the nouncement that one, at least, of our language of America. Mastery of the language is the master key which strong missionary Boards will require opens doors of interpretation, understanding and sympathy, making pos- henceforth the merging of foreignsible the removal of barriers and the "mutual giving and taking of 'contri- speaking with English-speakng butions from both newer and older Americans in the interest of the churches wherever practicable. It common weal." would be difficult to overestimate the Churches and denominational mis- value of this movement toward the sionary Boards have been pioneers in Americanization work. Until recent promotion of that unity which "deyears they have had almost a monopoly of organized efforts in that pends on community of language and direction. That the sympathetic attitude which expressed itself in pro- ideals." viding ministries for the foreigner in his own language, instead of provid- It is inevitable that hardship will ing for his immediate acquirement of the language of his adopted coun- result to many who must be affected try, has led to segregation rather than to assimilation is now generally rec- by the change. For that reason no ognized. More than two years ago the Bureau of Education of the effort should be spared by English- United States, through its Depart- speaking members of churches to demonstrate that Christian love and sympathy for our non-English-speak- ing people who are loyal and true are in no wise lessened through the sad experiences of these last four years.

Whatever may be done by Boards of education through classes in public schools, by chambers of commerce, by industrial plants and other or- ganizations, the churches have their own unique opportunity for render- ing unselfish personal service in teaching the language and the Christ- ian ideals of our country to the mil- lions among us who are ignorant of both. ' '.1'

Four States in the Union have made legislative provision for teach- ing English to adult foreigners, available only for those under twen- ty-one years of age. The ma- jority of illiterate foreigners among us have passed the age of twen- ty-one years. The most ilIiterat(

THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

and at the same time the most neg- THE TUSCALOOSA CONFER- lected of all are the mothers of ENCE little children whose home cares pre- vent their regular attendance at pub- Christian interest and work on be- lic classes even in communities in half of the Negroes has received a which such classes exist. These renewed and powerful impulse be- mothers, "key women" of America's cause of the whole-hearted, loyal future, must be Americanized in devotion with which the young men their own homes, if at all. Many of of that race rallied to the service our newly Americanized soldiers will of our country in the great war. return to homes in which these con- The following report by Miss Eliza- ditions exist. Must their home-com- beth Preston Allan, will therefore be ing reveal to them that American wo- read with thrills of pleasure and men, whose men have been their thanksgiving, presenting as it does comrades in battle, have left foreign- a pattern worthy to be copied wher- born women bereft and alone, with ever opportunity is favorable to the no broader outlook on life than be- holding of similar conferences. fore these days of miracles began? Deeply interesting and inspiring The time is short, but much may was the Third Annual Conference of . yet be done before all our soldiers Colored Women held at Stillman In- can return. It is a time for quick stitute, September 21-28, under the decision and prompt action. We auspices of the Women's Auxiliary have learned to "speed up" in work of the Southern Presbyterian church. for good causes. It is recorded that five million American women have The enrollment of delegates from been knitting and making surgical a distance was more representative dressings in the last year. If each than ever before. They came from of three out of every five will adopt twenty-five towns, in eleven states, one new neighbor and teach that from Virginia to Louisiana, from neighbor to speak, read and write Tennessee to Florida, and this was the English language as patiently, as the widest field we have drawn persistently, as the knitting has been from. done, our newly Americanized sol- diers will return to homes in which The delegates and colored leaders mutual understanding and sympathy were entertained at Stillman Insti- may enoble and sanctify the family tute and the Salem Presbyterian (colored) church of Tuscaloosa life. where evening meetings were held. Let every church have its League The dominant note of the Confu- of Neighbors including American- ence was struck by Mrs. Winsbor- born with foreign-born members on ough in her opening address on Ser- a basis of perfect equality. Let the vice–not merely "social service," returning soldier find his nearest of though that received due notice, but kin registered there and sharing in sharing with others every blessing, neighborly service. His place of en- larging companionship and friendship fir spiritual first of all, and then mat~ outside of his own home will be with the Neighbors League of the rial, which we ourselves have church which has neighbored his family while he has been doing his ceived. share of Good Samaritan service' for The central hour of the day was suffering nations of the world. given to the Bible, and it was in- Suggested programs and other helps may deed a joy to lead such eager, re- may be secured from sponsive hearers in this highest of all studies. The lessons adapted THE NEIGHBORS LEMmE OF AMERICA, themselves to the aim of the Con- ference—uNot for self only, but for 156 Fifth Avenue, New York others," and several blackboards were filled every "day with simple analyses, suggestions and illustra-

tions, which were eagerly transferred sano." The proper care of the baby to the delegates' note books for fu- and growing child was emphasized and illustrated, and many other ture use. Mrs. W. E. Hinds, wife points of home hygiene taught.

of Dr. Hinds, of the Alabama Poly- One' of the delegates was coached technic Institute, brought a message for the part of an ignorant patient, each morning before the Bible hour and we had a thrillingly interesting of threefold import, intensely religi- demons'tration of a nurse's visit to ous, intensely practical, intensely '''ch a one If it had not been so patriotic; just what aU women are pathetically true, it would have been needing today. hugely amusing. Then a precious baby was borrowed from one of our Our colored women are ready to white friends, who lent himself with' be interested in parliamentary law. joyous unconsciousness as an object They listened intently to Mrs. G. B. lesson of "how to bathe baby." Fin- ally our gifted nurse took two chairs, Shawhan, of Alabama, a past master a pillow and a sheet, and presto! the in the art of expounding dramatic- chairs entirely disappeared, leaving ally what might be considered a dry in their place a snowy comfortable subject. There are going to be a crib. number of meetings run in a more business like and therefore more There were daily lessons in Doefficient way among our colored mestic Science, Food Conservation, churches because of Mrs. Shaw- etc. And at one of the evening 'meetings we had a charming talk han's teaching. on the women of Korea, by Miss The most popular class of the Con- Emily Winn of Korea, who was beautifully dressed in a Korean ference was the sewing class. Mr. gown, veil and decorations. John Little generously allowed us to borrow the services of the efficient I can, only mention one other and successful teacher of sewing of speaker: Mrs. Booker Washington the Louisville Presbyterian Colored was the most notable of the Confer- Mission. The delegates crowded ence speakers. One feels the influher class, .and even the visitors ence of her husband in her strong, begged for entrance, partly because helpful, practical messages; in her of women's interest in women's simple, unpretending dignity too; work; partly because the teacher and in her keen and ready wit. had such a winnnig way with her. And this class bore the most quickly In my humble opinion, the most harvested fruit; four women being inspiring influence to every woman pledged to start church or commun- there was not the carefully prepared ity sewing classes immediately; teaching of the white leaders, good others hoping to do so a little later and helpful though that was, but the revelation of what these colored woon .. men were doing, and trying to do for Stereopticon pictures of the Lou- the welfare of their people.

isville Colored Mission, from its They were teaching children who small beginning to its present splen- otherwise would have been forever did usefulness, were shown to a untaught'; running private hospitals; crowded and sympathetic churchful managing orphanages, doing Comof the colored people of Tuscaloosa. munity service, and as pastors' wives, on an invisible salary, keeping Tuskegee sent for two days Mrs. up the religious health of their par- Bryce, their trained nurse, who pre- ishes, besides raising- their own famsented in a most dramatic and tell- ilies and helping all the mothers in ing manner the right of every baby to be well born, and the all-too-uni- reach to raise theirs! versal conditions in poor and ignorant homes (white as well as colored,) which fight against baby's chance for the "mens sana in corpore

FROM MANY

FACTS FROM THE WORLD FIELD think all Americans are like mission- aries. Some StartHng Statistics He says of China: "Every Ameri- T HERE are about 2,400,000 blind can missionary is unconsciously a people in the world. Egypt leads representative of American trade, beall other nations with 1,325 to every cause he usually lives far inland 100,000 of her population. India where the foreigner interested in has 600,000, China 500,000, Japan business never goes, and every article 100,000, the United States 100,000. of foreign production that the mis- In a recent year England had 174,000 sionary purchases in the homeland insane people, 93,000 of whom were and brings out to China encourages women. Ireland had 24,000 and his Chinese friends to purchase sim- Scotland 17,000. In 24 years 90,000 ilar articles. For this reason the allinsane persons were admitted to the too-well-developed tendency among a insane institutions .of Paris. The certain class of American foreign strenuous life of the United States trade representatives to ridicule. and places us in the lead of all nations. belittle the work of missionaries is We have 400,000 insane and feeble- not only the height of ignorance but ninded people. Massachusetts heads a real knock at American ideals, for ,he list with 344 insane persons out if we are to think only of selling of every 100,000. We are doubling goods to other nations we will never the roll of our insane every 16 years. get very far as a world power. If If the present rate continues, by the I were an American business man I year 2301 there will not be a sane would see that every American misperson in the United States. This sionary in China was supplied at conclusion is based on the increase in least once a year with a copy of my the last 40 years. The poverty of the world is so great that 500,000,000 latest catalogue in order that he of our race sleep on dirt floors. In might have occasion to encourage or India there are 60,000,000 who do not know where their breakfast will advise one of his Chinese friends as be found. Twenty million have starv- to the purchase of a sewing machine, ed to death in that country in the an automobile, a gasoline engine, or last 25 years, and 1,400,000 children perhaps a pair of American-made die of starvation every year. shoes." -United Presbyterian. Interdenominational Missions "{'he Missionary a Trade Fwctor T HOSE who wish to contribut( T HE value of the missionary as a toward missionary work along promoter of commerce has often union or interdenominational lines been pointed out. A new statement is found in a recent article in may reach almost any corner of the- Printer's Ink by J. B. Powell, who also gives an interesting reason why earth with their gifts. The follow- American firms should exercise great care in the choice of foreign-trade ing is a list of some of the non-derepresentatives, namely that for the last fifty years America has led the nominational evangelical missionary world in the number of missionaries sent out and the natives, who have agencies: . seen no other foreigners, are likely to AFRICA: Africa Inland Mission.

North Africa Mission.

Nile Mission, Preso, Cairo.

South Africa General Mission: Sudan Interior Mission.

Sudan United Mission.

Egypt General Mission.

Nile Mission Press.

JI

CHINA: China Inland Mission. ian, Charlemagne and Alfred." In Christian Literature Society. nearly every part of the British Em- pire provision is made for children INDIA:· Indian Christian Mission. to learn the ten commandments dur- Zenana Bible" and Medical Mis- ing school hours. In South Africa, sion. Cape of Good Hope, Bible reading is required in the public schools, and LATIN AMERICA: Evangelical Union the Lord's Prayer, the Twenty-third of South America. Psalm and the ten commandments Inland South America Mission. are committed to memory. The Central American Mission. same is true in the Transvaal. West- ern Australian school regulations JAPAN: Japan Evangelistic Band. read "Scripture teaching is allowed GENERAL: Scripture Gift Mission. and the Ten Commandments are memorized." The Salvation Army. British and Foreign Bihle So- When one compares these customs with the lack of Bible teaching and ciety. the recognition of God in public American Bible Society. schools of the United States the con- American Christian Literature So- trast is not encouraging.

ciety for Moslems. Suuday-Schools Gain In 'Foreign Fields Woman's Union Missionary So- DURING the past year the 8,257 ciety. Methodist Episcopal Sunday- The Mission to Lepers. . Schools on the foreign field have World's Sunday School Associa- had a total enrollment of 379,363. All the fields report a definite gain, tion. but in India the progress is the most Soldiers' Christian Association. marked. Not a single Sunday-school in India shows a loss in any partic- Upturn 'l'raJllc Reviving ular; instead, the total gain is 682 schools and 14,656 pupils. REV. E. W. THWING, Secre- tary of the International Reform In the Philippines a growing teach- Bureau, writing from Bangkok, Siam, ers' training movement characterizes says that the curse of opium is flour- the work. During the period of ishing there. Millions of dollars are 1915 to 1918, when there has been received annually from its revenue. special supervision of this field, a Many public opium dens are also to gain of eighty-five per cent was made be seel'! on the streets of Singapore, in the Methodist Sunday-schools of and the government there realizes a the Islands. large revenue from its sale. From Singapore, opium is being smuggled Affairs of Zion into China. Word comes from Egypt that large fields of opium have been AMERICAN Jews are taking the pl~nted th~re; in ~orea it is being lead in plans for the political Widely cultivated thIS year and India policy and control of the proposed produces great quantities of it and Jewish Republic of Palestine. At an is seeking a market. This letter is executive conference in which Justice a startling revelation at a time when Brandeis and other Jewish leaders it seemed that this evil was a thing took part, three million dollars was of the past. asked for the construction of three great harbors on the Mediterranean, Public Schools and the Decalogue for rebuilding ruined towns and the forestation of the land. This sum is NEW ZEALAND public schools to be raised by a personal tax upon are to be supplied with charts every member of the Zionist organicontaining the ten commandments, zation in America, the first national which, as Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts asserts, are "the basis of our civil, as well as our moral and religious life, the decalogue being the. very corner- -;tone of the great codes of Justin-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tax Imposed' upon Jews in 2000 grof).ps in the homes of the foreign years. people themselves; Five million dolla. J is also being 2. Introducing fine American wo- raised for the Jews in Russia. A men to old-country women who are Hebrew congress met in Philadel- eager to know what real American phia in December to discuss the womanhood stands for; future of Jews in the world. 3. Opening centers for friendli- In spite of chaotic conditions in ness, advice, information and pro- Russia the Zionists of that country tection; have already collected 25 million 4. Cooperating with relief agen- rubles for the work of building up cies abroad in tracing the broken this new· state which is to be called families of refugees from Poland Judea. All of the 8000 Jewish sol- and Russia, and connecting them diers now in Palestine are pledged with relatives in America; to remain as a nucleus of a national 5. Protection against the exploi- army and there are, it is said, 50,000 tation of foreign women in munition American Jews in Egypt on their factories; way to join them. 6. Frinting literature in what- It is interesting to find that there ever languages are needed which will has been a run on the stock of the further the education of foreign American Bible Society, by Jewish women.

purchasers, showing that an interest has awakened in the Old Testament National Prohibition July 1st prophecies of their native land. ON November 21st President Wilson signed the Emergency NORTH AMERICA Agricultural Appropriation Bill, with Missionary Administration its legislative rider providing for na- PROBLEMS of admini:;tra'tlOn tional prohibition from next July 1, were the most prominent feature until the American Army is demobof a meeting of the Commission on ilized.

Missions of the American Board Secretary Daniels was one of those which met at Hartford, Conn. It who favored the bill on account of was reported that of every dollar ex- the fact that after sale of intoxicants pended for missionary work only ten around naval establishments had been cents is required for maintaining stopped, the output of the workmen executive and publicity departments, increased.

the remaining ninety cents being de- Unless the Presidential proclama- voted to direct missionary .efforts. tion under the Food Control act' is A recommendation was made to rescinded, the prohibition amendment establish a retiring age for officials will affect only the manufacture of of the various Boards at sixty-eight wine, for the brewing of all beer for men and sixty-five for women. ceased on December 1 under the A study of relations between national President's proclamation. The man- and state missionary organizations ufacture of whiskey was stopped was also made, as well as the ques- soon after the nation entered the tion of higher education under war. Under the amendment the church auspices. manufacture of wine will cease next For Foreign Women in America May. The United States may be dry by THE War Work Council of the National Board of Young Wo- constitutional amendment less than two years hence. In January or men's Christian Associations has February of 1920, it is believed that been working for non-English-speak- the prohibtion amendment to the ing women along the following lines: Constitution will go into effect.

1 Teaching English in small A tabulation makes plausible the

assertion that the United States will in the new department of the Cen- be bone-dry within two years: tenary, entitled War Emergency and Dry States……………….. 27 Reconstruction. President William Weamt eSntdamteesntwIh.ic.h…h.a.v.e…r.a.t.if.i.e.d 5 A. Shanklin, of Wesleyan Univers- ity, is Chairman and Bishop Theo- Wet States electing legislatures in dore S. Henderson, Executive Secre- 1918, with a majority of popu- tary.

lation dry………………. 3 The Bishops have approved the addition of $5,000,000 to the Cent- Total ………………… 35 enary requests to meet the demands That makes a total of thirty-five of this emergency.

States, one less than the necessary The work of the new department three-fourths of the States to secure is divided among three Bureaus: ratification. But look at the reserves 1. War Emergency, to continue in the way of wet States from which the work of the War Council as re- the prohibition amendment can draw: lated to the Army and Navy, and California, Connecticut, Illinois, Ne- the war production centers.

vada, New York, Ohio, Penn~ylvania, 2. Reconstruction Work at Home, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, Wyoming. which will concern itself with the Can anyone doubt that in those ten returned soldier, his education or re- States at least one can be found education, the care of orphans, etc.

which will join in ratification? 3. Reconstruction Work Abroad A College Course tor Church Workel'li which includes the relief of immedi- CHURCH problems as a course of ate suffering, the restoration of study is now offered the students property, the care of orphans, the at Cornell University. This new de- extension of schools and chu·rches partment is made possible by a gift wherever opportunity offers. of $50,000 from Dr. J. E. Johnson, an alumnus, to endow a chair for WeUare Work for Negroes Practical Christianity, "for the teaching of the principles to all the rela- WHEN the representatives of the tionships of life in each succeeding American Chain Company of generation throughout all time." Virginia were prospecting with the idea of establishing a million-dollar This year the course is being con- plant near Norfolk they were advised ducted by Prof. R. N. Miller who is not to employ Negroes on the ground giving a course in Rural Sociology; that they are unreliable, shiftless and one in Urban Sociology, with special indifferent. It was claimed that they reference to church problems in are unwilling to work more than country and city, and a course on three days a week if they can thereby the Church and the Community, in earn enough to satisfy their immediwhich will be considered the points ate wants. Before reaching a deof contact the church may make with CISIOn in the matter a conference community life. Supplementary ad- was called with several of Norfolk's dresses are given by outside leaders. public-spirited Negro citizens, among There is of course no doctrinal teach- them a successful physician who ing in these studies and they might argued that each employee be CQmmore truly be termed sociological pensated just in proportion to his· than religious. They are good so far service, while the employer must give as they go, but need the Christian a return commensurate with the motive and goal to make them pro- service he has a right to expect. "If ductive of permanent results. a man lives in an unsanitary house, and is only a day ahead of the bill Methodist Reconstl"lllction Work collector," said this doctor, "what real :notiv~ c~n .he have for being The National War Council of the anythmg but mddrerent toward his Methodist Church has been merged employer's interests ?" Largely

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

through the persuasion of this pro- cle on "The Lumberjack's Need," ap- gressive physiCian the employment of peared in the November Review, Negroes as chain makers was at- suffered heavy loss from this disas- tempted as an experiment. It has trous fire. His home, library and proved a notable success because of valuable manuscripts were destroyed, the disposition of the company to and he and his family only escaped provide every facility for making by taking refuge in a well. His the living conditions of employees mother and a four year old daughter satisfactory. A well-equipped, mod- died as a result of injuries received.

ern dormitory is provided, with re- A Home tor Students In Salt Lake Cit)' creational and educational facilities, A but the outstanding feature of the MERICAN Methodists, as one part of their Centenary Procompany's attitude is its concern for the health and moral welfare of its gram, have secured a site in Salt workers. The workers themselves Lake City on which they plan to . have organized a club for social, build a church and student house to literary and religious development, meet the needs of Christian students and frequently invite speakers to attending the University of Utah, address them. Their fine spirit and .and the Mormons who have broken devotion have a wholesome influence away from Mormonism.

in the community.-The Southern Methodist General Oonference In Oanada Workman. THE quadrennial meeting of the Forest Fi1'es In Minnesota Methodist General Conference T ENS of millions of dollars dam- in Canada was held last November age, more than a thousand peo- in Hamilton, Onto This Conference ple burned to death, dozens of towns is the highest authority for united wiped out, and whole forests reduced Methodism in Canada, Newfoundto ashes, was the terrible toll of the land and the missions under its difires which spread over Northeast rection. It is composed of about Minnesota last October. four hundred delegates, both min- isters and laymen. Duluth was threatened by the fire from two directions and was saved A striking feature of the recent only by a sudden shift of the wind. conference was the decided radical- The Duluth Red Cross opened the ism of the delegates from western Armory, secured the churches and Canada in matters relating to de- nominational activities and methods. the court house, and commandeered One phase of this was the proposal all the private automobiles in the city. to admit women to equal privileges with men in every sphere of church All the organizations in the State life, including the ministry. This worked together with the most per- resolution failed to get the necessary fect harmony and efficiency. The two-thirds majority, but in all other result was an organization for relief respects women were accorded the same privileges as men. of fire sufferers which has hitherto never been equaled in time of dis- Work Among Mexicans In TeIaB aster. Cooperation by the religious forces of Minnesota helped very ma- M terially in making the work of the EXICANS have been pouring into Texas in a steady stream Red Cross effective. The loss of life will never be during the last few years. It is esti- known. The fire burned with such mated that there are now 600,000 of intensity that in some places whole them, and they are still coming. A acres of forests were reduced to black few years ago people in the United ashes. States were lamenting the fact that Rev. Thomas D. Whittles, the the new Mexican constitution seemed Presbyterian missionary whose arti- to put insuperable barriers in t1.4

way of missionary work in that LATIN.AMERICA country. Now the difficulty is swept away by the people coming to us, and Progress in Cuba more work at less cost can be done than by sending missionaries into T HE year 1917-1918 has been Mexico. It is much easier to induce marked by unusual activity in the people to attend services, now the Cuban missionary field. Rev. that they are freed from. the domi· Ezequiel Torres conducted an evannance of their priests and the old gelistic campaign lasting three months superstitious atmosphere. One in- and the results have been far-reachcentive for earnest work among them ing, particularly in Placetas, where a is that many will return to Mexico, campaign has since been launched to and will carry with them the im- secure funds for the purchase of a pressions received. building site, and, if possible, the erection of a church building. The Japanese in America outstanding feature of the campaign in Caibarien was the conversion of ONE hundred thousand Japanese the town's wealthiest citizen. Many are now living in the United in the political and business circles States; all but five thousand in the are becoming believers or sympath- Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast izers. districts, and nearly a hundred thousand more in Hawaii. By agreement The educational work is literally of the Japanese Government, immi- clamoring for equipment and teachgration is now rigidly limited to ers. In Cardenas, the income rewives and children of previous im- ceived was sufficient to pay the salmigrants, and to students, teachers ary of a missionary and ten native and merchants. teachers, meet all incidental expenses and boast a deposit of $400 at the One-sixth of the Japanese here are end of the year. In other centers native-born Americans. Many of proportionate results were equally those who come from Japan would marked. welcome the opportunity to be naturalized. They admire Washington The Earthquake In Porto Rico and Lincoln, and are anxious to learn the language and the ideals of T HE severe earthquake which their adopted country. wrought such damage in Porto Rico on October 11th, in no way Hard-working, ambitious, progres- injured the mission buildings of the sive, they are rapidly adapting Protestant Episcopal Board in Maythemselves to the social and moral ae-uaz. They are still firm and instandards of America. More than tact. A great deal of damage, howhalf of them are farmers and farm ever, was done to St. Luke's Hospilaborers. They have efficient social tal, Ponce, and it will require $6,000 organization and aggressive leader- to make repairs. This is the hosship, scarcely equaled by any other pital which was built by Bishop Van group of the newer immigrants. Buren some years ago and has since been enlarged. A most promising There are seventy-eight Japanese work is carried on there, and friends Christian churches in the United of Porto Rican missions are most States, with fifty-two hundred mem- anxious to make the necessary rebers; also a strong interdenomina- pairs immediately, and reinstate the tional missionary organization, large- work which has had to be discon- Iv supported by Japanese themselves, tinued for the time being. for supporting- and exterMing the workof their churches on the Pacific Some of the mission buildin~s of Coast. Many Christian papers and the Presbyterians were injured and I agazines in Japanese are edited by the Baptist seminary in Mayaguaz the pastors and. widely circulated. was thrown down.

-The American Missionary.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Reaction Toward SpirUllality in Pera children, and are fast becoming the dominant power in the land, both in "ANEW spiritual tendencv is now numbers a'nd influence. Colombia is to be noted among the thinkers the great Jewish republic of the near future. of Peru," says Dr. Webster E. Browning, educational secretary of Chile is as long as from New Yor': the Committee on Cooperation in to San Francisco and as narrow as Latin America. When Dr. Brown- Lake Erie-truly a "shoestring reing arrived in Peru the first thin!S public." She is squeezed tightly behe did was to dedicate a chapel. He tween the mountain range and the was warned that the Catholics might coast. Her cities look up to thf' create a disturbance, but nothing c' hills and down to the sea, with, a, the kind happened and a few days Arthur Ruhl puts it, "the Andes later one of the local papers gave hanging like a beautiful drop-curtain space to a write-up of the dedication, at the eastern end of every street." the article beginning as follows: Chile contains twenty-four province~. "Pastor Browning, inventor of fam- and the largest province is big enough ous pistols, inaugurated the new to hold all Pennsylvania, Vermont, chapel." Rhode Island and Massachusett~. The Chileans are the Yankees of Dr. Browning met many of the South America, aggressive, keen, educated and influential men of Peru, making fortunes from nitrate, erectand testifies to their eagerness to ing a chain of wireless stations from discuss philosophic and religious the near-tropical north tip of the problems on every occasion. One Chilean "shoe-string" to the Antarcman of vast wealth, grandson of the tic south tip, and preparing for Panfirst president of Peru and a leader ama trade by expending twelve milof the aristocracy, gave over three lion dollars on port and dock imhours' time to an earnest conversation provements. with Dr. Browning on matters of religion, and he was particularly EUROPE well-informed. Plans for Post-War Evangelism Another notable that received Dr. Browning was the Minister from N extensive evangelical move- Ecuador, who said to him: "I am A men'· is planned for France and delighted to hear that there is even. a Belgium with the cooperation of possibility of your opening evangeli- Presbyterian, Methodist, Lutheran, cal work in Ecuador, and I promise Baptist and Reformed churches. The my personal help at once so far as I first step taken looks toward the can give it, and the help of my raising of $300,000 to reconstruct friends in Quito, to whom I shall and re-establish Protestant churches take pleasure in recommending you. in those countries, and to aid the Such work if properly carried on churches until they can become selfwould mean the salvation of my supporting. Following this, similar country, especially of the vouth of work is to be done in Italy, Russia the land. Let me know if I ':an be and other countries concerned in the of service." war.

Chile and Colombia A Remarkable Bible Class COLOMBIA is twice as large as FIFTY years ago a layman started Spain, and many times as prom- a Bible class in a humble kitchen ising. The most progressive ele- in Rutherglen, Scotland. A dozen ment in Colombia is not the Spanish years afterwards it was transferred, population, or the natives, but a J ew- at the request of the minister and ish people called Antioquians who session, to the W«,;st United free have Old Testament names, raise Church, where it still meets on Sunfamilies of from twelve to thirty day afternoons. The mf'mbership is

700, and the founder still conducts some trade that would restore them it with aU his first enthusiasm and to the rank of breadwinners. Men energy. Many thousands of lads and without legs, men without arms or girls have come under his influence. hands, men whose throats have been He has molded for good the lives shot through and who can never of countless individuals. Who can again speak above a whisper, men estimate the value of the service with arms minus elbow joints-all which this Christian man has ren- stages and varieties of deformitiesdered to his community and to the flocked to him to learn some new cause of Christ? His name is Sam- work or to be taught how to do their uel T. Baker. former work handicapped as they were. M. Chastand is at once a -Presbyterian Witness. religious and mechanical genius, without anxiety as to patent rights, The Salvation Army in France and he has invented startlingly origi- nal appliances to supply deficiencies THE Salvation Army has backed of nerve and muscle, as well as up the heroism and sacrifice of laboring week after week to meet the soldiers in France by deeds of the spiritual needs of all. His school loving ministry. soon attracted the attention of the government, however, and it pre- First of all, the Salvation Army is sented M. Chastand last year with rendering a service to the wounded, $50,000, so that the school could with the help of thirty-five ambu- move into an adequate plant from lance cars sent to France by General the former crowded and inconvenient Booth. Already they have carried quarters. over 100,000 wounded men. – We all know how at home the The Outlook for the Czecho·Slovaks uniform of the Salvation Army stands for something very clear and HISTORY will reveal how crucial definite in the realm of religion. At has be.en the aid of the Czechothe front the same holds good. Slovaks in winning the war. Picture them trekking across Russia and Si- Those sent out by the Salvation beria, an army in tatters, their feet Army are uniformly converted Chris- bound up in rags; eighty per cent tian men and women, and in addi- of them university men; carrying a tion to humanitarian work they are library for each company and pubdoing their very best to keep up lishing a daily paper of eight pages the salvation end, and to point men during their "anabasis"! living on dogs, cats and frogs, and even eating to Tesus ·Christ. the grounds of their coffee, they nevertheless kept inviolate the prop- In the huts the Salvation Army erty of every village as they marched. workers have, perhaps, their largest Then forcing their way to Vladivoopenings for demonstrating the prac- stok, they captured the Siberian railtical value of Christianity. Weary way, and even sent armies to the and footsore, caked with mud, Western and Italian fronts. Now stained with blood, soaked often to the they are reaping the fruits of their very bone, the _ soldiers cross the sacrifices. Their independence has threshold of the Salvation Army been recognized, their National huts knowing that there they will Council organized and a President meet with the kindliest of -welcomes; chosen, Prof. T. G. Masaryk, who knowing, too, that hot tea and well- was at one time associated with one cooked food awaits them, and that of the Moravian Mission parishes in any service which they may require Bohemia. will be cheerfully rendered if it is in human power to give it. A memorable event took place on October 26th in Independence Hall, For Handicapped Soldiers THE director of the McAlI Mis- I sion at Nantes, France, M. Chastand, started a school for mutilated soldiers, where they could learn

NEWS FR':::M MANY LANuJ

Philadelphia,. and however authorita- the suggestion is being openly dis- tive it may prove to be, there is no cussed from the highest political mo- question of its sentimental value. A tives, and not merely in connection platform of democracy, framed by with Zionism. The considerations representatives of eleven mid-Euro- urged are those pointed out thirty pean peoples under the leadership of years ago in connection with Ameri· the Czecho-Slovaks, was signed in can educational, philanthropic and the room where our immortal De- missionary institutions in the Otto- claration of Independence was sign- man Empire; we were completely ed. Sitting in the chair in which outside the political intrigues and John Hancock sat when he signed jealousies of Continental Europe, the Declaration, Prof. Masaryk at- we had complete' separation of tached his name to the document.· Church and State, we were too far Then followed the ringing of a new away to entertain any designs UpOI Liberty Bell, cast for the occasion, Turkey's territory. British say th,,>!

to be taken later to Europe and Americans are the ideal missionar- treasured, probably in Prague. Their ies for Turkey.

great danger is from the spread of "Is it in God's plan that now tIt atheism and materialism. United States is to serve both the M;OSLEM LANDS people of the Holy Land, the Allied Armies and Distress in Syria nations, and God's ancient and Chosen People the Jews, ·through AMEMBER of the Presbyterian some responsible.connection with Mission in Syria describes one that country at the eastern end of aspect of the war in that unhappy the Mediterranean, the Keystone land: Land of the world?" "Twice Syria and Palestine were swept clean of men and animals; Descendants or the Crusaders? twice the Turkish armies were driven across the sands of the desert; and AWOMAN missionary in Arabia twice they returned, broken and dis- gives this interesting account of comfited, adding to the sorrows and the Sulibis, a queer, gypsy-like tribe, awful distress of the dwellers in the living beyond the Bedouin encamp- Holy Land. Among the pitiful pre- ment outside of Kuweit. "They parations for these two expeditions are not Muslims and are despised by was the collection in Syria of all the Bedouins as unbelievers, beggars the empty oil tins and burlap bags; and thieves. Their origin is not very the ·tins to carry water over the clear; they may be descendants of desert, and the bags for wheat and the Crusaders. They tell us that our food for the mules and camels. The grandfather and theirs were brothtins were then to be used in the ers, and that they are therefore our crossing of the Suez Canal in making sisters. They say that they are of our possible rafts and pontoons, and the religion, the religion of the Crucified jags were, if necessary, to be filled One, but when questioned they do with sand and finally to be used in not know anything about Him. They building a causeway." ask us to teach them, to give them white dresses, and food, and money, America and Palestine because we are their sisters. The desire for food and coppers is gen- REV. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, erally greater than that for re- D. D., says that when he was ligious teaching, and questions about in London he was "surprised to· hear, dress and customs interrupt every in circles that were authoritative, that attempt to teach them, but, we trust the American Government might be that the Holy Spirit working in their asked to assume a sort of protector- hearts will in time cause them to ate over Palestine; but now that we hunger and thirst after righteous- must sit at the Peace Conference, ness, till they learn once more to

b~lieve in Him whose name they ~oing over the titles and general sub- claim to bear (crucified and Sulibis Ject matter of all the books. The are of the same root or derivation in prin~ipal ~ersian merchant bought a Arabic) and receive from Him in Persian Bible. Gospel portions form place of the stunted, wretched lives the bulk of the Scripture sales.

they .live at present, the abundant There is absolute freedom of speech life that He is ready to give them." in the shop and the colporteurs de- The Gospel and the Moslem MInd c.lare they can say anything they WHAT might be called a labora- like. There are three kinds of peo- tory study of the reaction of the Moslem mind to Christian teach- ple who visit the shop first, those ing, in order to determine how the Cospel may best be presented to who come merely to argue and show Mohammedans, was made in a mis- o'Yfif~1 their le~amrnainnyg; second those who talk subject' except re- sionary hospital in Arabia, and is !JglOn, which they refuse to cdoimsceusts~' '(~ported by Paul W. Harrison in the and third, those who really ) .oslem World. learn what our religion is. The arguers are easily in the majority. There are from fifteen to twent) "The plan was to have some as- regular frequenters of the shop outpect of the Gospel presented to each side of those who come to read the patient, in a personal, friendly way, Arabic newspapers and to look at every day, and to have the results the war pictures in the Illustrated cf every such interview recorded. London News. At the end of the year, the records '

were studied and the results tabulated, INDIA The Gospel was presented in various The Woman's Movement T ways. What might be termed the HE woman's movement in the East owes its initiation to Chris dogmatic presentation was attempted; the parables were arranged in an tian teaching. Christian educaton order of a sort, and the Gospel pre- have opened the eyes of Indian leadsented by means of them. Records ers to the fact that Christ is the of all these personal interviews , source and head of aJl that advance- '.':2re kept, and it could not be said ment they are striving to attain, and that anyone of them seemed espe- everywhere enlightened members of cially suited to the Moslem mind. Hindu society are alive to the ad- vantages of educating their women. Courteous, somewhat bored atten- In writi~g to an English friend, the tion was the rule real interest the ~aharam of Bhaunagar said, referrare exception. "We did find one particular aspect nng to the work done by English of Christian truth, however, which women during the war: really seemed to penetrate deeper "The state of our women in India than anything else, and to rouse not looks the more pitiful by contrast. only interest, but something deeper. . . . It is high time that not only 1 his was what might be termed the the Rajput but all Hindu women mystical aspect. We are inclined to were somehow lifted out of the darl abyss of ignorance saon'dfulilndooflenolcde~ believe that the progress of the but their minds are Kingdom of God, in Islam, will be hastened by putting less dogmatic fashioned ideas, prejudices, and su- theology, and more of Christ's own perstitions that no amount of preachmysticism, into our preaching of the Gospel to the Moslems." ing, teaching, or persuasion seems to <jelling Scriptures in Arabia have any effect on them. I'laitmtl~ how- ever, trying to do my bit.'

The Rajput girls' school that I had I Kuweit, two prominent Sheikhs long been contemplating was opened _ purchased complete Arabic Bibles, last March and is working well."

aud one of them spent two hours -C. M. S. Gleaner.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A Magazine for the Women of India cess of all the more important fann operations is supposed to be d~­ WOMEN missionaries in the Te- termined by the stars. For thIS valuable infonnation he asks what . lugu area have started a maga- he will, and woe unto the farmer if zine for women called the Viveka- he does not give it. His curse may. vathi to meet the demand for litera- blight the finest crop. ture 'suited to women. It is in the vernacular and all the contributors India's farmers make gods of are women. The subject matter in- their plows and worship them. When cludes news of current events, notes all the seed has been sown there is a on the care of children, on household regular worship of the grain sieve economy, on medicine, po~try an~ ~a­ and sacrifices of food are made to ture stories, but the tone IS Chnstlan it. At a great religious festival, through and through. which all farmers observe, a woman takes a broom, supposed to terrify Native Evangelism evil spirits, and beating about in every corner exclaims "Food abide, T HERE is increasing evidence and poverty depart." that Christianity is being proclaimed and extended in non-Chris- To a pious Hindu all life is sacred tian lands by the natives themselves. and man has no right to destroy The spirit of evangelism is growing any creature. Millions of bugs eat in both China and India, prompting the farmer's plants but he must not the native Christians to seek out touch them. The porcupines dig up their friends and acquaintances and his few potatoes. The mischievous bring them to Christ. monkey climbs his palm trees and pelts him with his. own cocoanuts In Sholapur, India, a sewing so- when angry. Even the deadly snakes ciety is attended by fifty or sixty may crawl near his house and be treated to milk of which they are women, who are making clothes for very fond. All these animals are the poor of the Christian community, supposed to contain the souls of but primarily getting acquain~ed some of their ancestors. A sleek, with the methods of work whIch fat bull will quietly walk up, take have been .found most effective in his fill and be driven off by no one. He is sacred and to kill him would evangelistic campaigns. In the same be worse than killing a man. He locality five weekly Bible classes are goes where he likes, eating when conducted for women who would and what he wants. He often eats otherwise have no opportunity for all the grain and vegetables that a systematic Bible study. This work poor woman has carried miles to has already been productive of re- market on her head, and who is too sults, for several of the women have terrified to drive him away. gone on preaching tours. The value of this personal work consists not It is said that Britain's greatest only in its influence upon othe~s, asset in India is the missionary, but in its development of the Chns- whose service in making known the tian life of the workers. freedom of Christ's Gospel has a steadying influence on these restless Farming in India people teaching them how to lay aside fear. 11~.TEanAdR the small village temples shrines of India are al- A Notable BaptJsm ways to be found some of the so- WHEN a clergyman of the Indian Church baptizes a once proud called "holy men," living on friendly Brahmin and a low-caste Chamar woman, .standing side by side at the terms with "sacred" snakes and monkeys. These "holy" men have much influence with the farmer. They are supposed to be able to foretell the future and are in constant de- mand to fix the best date for sowing and harvesting the crops, as the suc-

font, one may well feel that Chris- that this was the first time a Chris- ti:mity has taken a vital hold on the tian hymn was sung before a group people of India. This was the ex- of Buddhist priests assembled in perience of Rev. J. S. C. Bannerjee, official capacity. Perhaps this song the Indian missionary of the Church of a land better than their sacred Missionary Society at Bulandshahr, books could ever tell them of, might North India. He reports also the find a lodgment in their thoughts.

.vbaptism at the same time of a -The Presbyterian. aishya, and says 0 f him: "The Vaishya had been a secret CHINA inquirer for the last ten years. Latterly he began openly to call himself Destruction of Opium in Shanghai a Christian and occasipnally attended our church services. He was hin- THE Peking Government has dedered from baptism because his stroyed the remaining stocks of opium in Shanghai in deference to mother's request to him was not to Anglo – American representations. cut himself off while she was alive, Three hundred chests have been sold, he being her only son. Three times and 1,200 burned in presence of the she came and made such a wailing Allied representatives, the Governand crying that he had to go back ment making a virtue of necessity. with her. But he finally took his The production of opium and the stand, _and we received him into the use, of it has, however, been much Christian Church. At first the more prevalent under the .lax disci- :l1other was very angry and threat- pline of the present Chinese govern- ment.

ened him with disinheritance. But Giving the Church First Place we made it a matter of prayer, alld A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in Shantung province writes: "In she was soon reconciled, and de- one of the villages where a few years ago the only Christian family cided to live with him. He has now had been severely persecuted, the village elders had now made argone to live with her at their home, rangements with the Christians to and is making a bold stand for -c. Christ." M. S. Gl-eaner.

SIAM AND LAOS unite the heathen village school with A Tableau In Starn our Christian school and have all the pupils study together, using the PHRA CHOW SURUYABONG- Christian curriculum and observing SA, chief of Nan Province, our worship customs. Six of the Siam, was a friend to the mission- nine acres of land belonging to the aries, and when he died last April temple were to be used for the sup- at the age of eighty-eight the native port of the teacher, the remaining Christians asked permission to offer three to become the meagre support condolence. His aged sister asked of the Taoist priest, living in one if they intended to worship when of the temple buildings, the temple they came, and on being informed to be opened each year only on three that they did not she added, "I heathen festival occasions.

thought perhaps you might sing." "In another village special services It was a strange scene that was were held to dedicate are-built enacted -in the throne room of the church earlier torn down by the chief's palace, where two long rows flood which destroyed that village.

of Buddhist priests in their yellow For awhile the people used rafts; robes gathered to say their mass for and for weeks after the disaster they the dead. In the midst of burning waded around barefooted and with incense a little group of Christians cold, swollen limbs. Finally when stood and sang "There's a land that they planned to build their houses, is fairer than day." It is safe to say the native pastor–caught there for

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

twenty-one . days and supposed by The Church of the Lofty Friend- his family to be drowned-suggested ship offers a simple course of in- that they ought to build the Lord's struction which enables them to ex- house first, which out of their great press themselves. Classes in em- poverty they did. . broidery have been formed and Chinese Girl Becomes Evangelist through that one woman who had been leading an aimless life became A GIFTED young Chinese woman, interested in Bible study and is pre- granddaughter of a viceroy of paring herself to be a teacher in the Canton and daughter of a sub-vice~ church school. In this church are roy of Nanking, was one of the also a cooking class, a children's Christian workers in the Eddy cam- club and story hour and three Bible paign. classes for women; one for older "She was brought up in luxury women who are Christians; one for with six slave girls of her own. older women on probation and one After a normal course she went to for younger women on probation. a Christian college to learn English. The last named group is composed Hating chapel and Bible periods she of those who took a stand for Chriswould smuggle in Chinese novels to tianity in the Eddy campaign.

read surreptitiously at these times, Bandits Test of Christians and was given over to all the trivial A Methodist missionary in Kutien vulgarities of cigarettes, playing- tells how even brigandage may cards and the like. She planned to be used "to the furtherance of the engage in literary propaganda against Gospel." He writes: Christianity, but one day was convicted of sin and realized the pres- "The robbers who are over-runence of the living Christ. She im- ning the country are careful not to mediately set to work among her molest Christians, and in many places relatives. Her mother, bitterly anti- the people are coming with their Christian and an opium smoker of goods for protection. In order to thirty years' standing, together with test them the person is required to eleven other members of the family repeat the Lord's Prayer or the were, after some months, converted. Apostles' Creed, or to answer ques- Daily this gifted young woman is tions from the Bible or catechism. witnessing with great power for the If a satisfactory knowledge is shown, Lord." the victim is counted a Christian and released. The result is that a knowl- A Chinese InstitntionaI Church edge of Christian truth is spreacl and the Gospel is brought to the r CHINA, as well as the United States, is realizing the benefits tention of many who would ne of institutional churches. In the hear of it otherwise." Siong-In Dong Church, (Church of the Lofty Friendship) Foochow, a JAPAN-CHOSEN Conference of Federated MiSsions T new type of work is being tried out HE Conference of Federakr' Missions of Japan, representin with marked success. The women's department is changing some of the most of the Protestant work in th: ideas of upper class Chinese women, country last year extended over fou.

teaching them some of the joy of days and a half and seventy dele- service, and exercising a democratiz- gates with two hundred visitors were ing influence among them. Few of present.

these women can read or write and It was decided to send to the when their husbands go away-as Foreign Missions Conference of many of them do on business in North America an appeal for aid, other countries-they cannot receive and meanwhile to raise a temporary or send letters. loan for the Finnish Lutheran Mis-

sion, which has been entirely cut off Korea,n Church Diligent in Business T from their home base by the war. H,E Church holds first place in Action was taken to set aside one the thought and affections of missionary to carryon definite work Korean Christians. Their presbyfor social reforms. teries meet twice a year, the dele- The circulation of the newly re- gates travel long distances on foot, vised Japanese Bible is to be pushed. many requiring two or three days Besides being a more accurate trans- to reach the place of meeting and lation it is in better literary style than rarely is there an absentee. Consethe former. Arrangements were also quently, the attention to business is made for the production and distri- very thorough. They concentrate bution of other Christian literature. their thought upon the work in hand Intensive Training for Japanese with a devotion characteristic of all JAPANESE students have such their service to Christ. In addition different surroundings from those to the delegates a much larger crowd in America that the general at- is always in attendance to listen to mosphere of Christianity is wanting the proceedings, and the consciousas a background. Hence it is neces- ness which the officers have of the sary that Christian schools should importance and influence of their be inspirational rather than academ- position is an incentive to fidelity. ic· practical rather than theoretical. They are, moreover, seldom in need It'is hoped that Presbyterian, Meth- of asking a foreigner for guidance odist and all denominations at work in methods of conducting church in Japan will combine their educa- business.

tional institutions, so that no effort AFRICA may be wasted in producing centers Fltcts About the Congo of influence that will inspire as well as instruct; and that greater special- A RECENT missionary conference ization may become possible in the at Luebo in the Congo was attheological training. tended by seventy-three delegates who represented eighty-one mission sta- -Japan Evangelist. tions-the largest General Congo Conference ever held. In all, there Missionaries and Democrlttic Ideltls T HERE are reasons, apart from are fourteen societies at work in the purely evangelistic ones, why Congo, and missionary activity there missionaries should continue to work has entered upon its fortieth year.

and live in Japan. The American The Gospel is being preached in missionary has a role to. playas in- nearly forty languages; translations terpreter of the noblest ideals of of the Bible have been made into democracy. A Japanese Christian, nearly all of them. The British Bap- Prof. K. Demura, says that the dem- tist Mission has a constituency of ocratic idea is quite misunderstood 20,000, and there are extensive mis- in Japan, that it is considered identi- sions of American Baptists and Pres- cal with socialism, and that the mis- byterians, the Swedish Church and sionary is needed to represent it, by other organizations with encouraging his life and character, as a funda- statistics to show.

mental principle of brotherhood. The Luebo Church, in which the Furthermore, Prof. Demura points cOllference met, has 8,000 members, out, the missionary has it in his and has reached a degree of self-de- power to develop in the Japanese velopment that is remarkable. Since consciousness an international spirit, the future hope of the Congo people which will go far in correcting the lies in the cultivation of the soil, the chauvinistic nationalism surviving in need for agricultural training was Japan and promote the friendly re- emphasized. The medical session lations of Japan, China and America. was also helpful. The day devoted

NEWS FROM MANY I.,ANDS

to "occupation of the field" brought Bound By New Ties out the fact that comparatively little of the Congo has as yet been occu- T HERE has been a strong feeling pied by missions, and that a vast of enmity between the people of area is still uncared for. the. coast and the people of the in- Well-Informed Christians in Luebo terior in Africa since tihfethwisahr~tbreudt it begins to look now as would disappear. All along the T HE following information from coast of the Kamerun there has been the Congo should set at rest all doubts regarding the standards of such scarcity of food that the mis- Christian intelligence which Africans attain before becoming church mem- sion has been compelled to buy rice bers: and try to keep the people from ac,- tually starving to death, and it is to the Bulus that these hungry people As far back as 1914 it was re- are looking for aid. Rev. W. C.

garded as a conservative estimate Johnstone says: "The Lord has ways th~t as many as 5,000 out of a popu- of doing things of which we would latIOn of 20,000 under the jurisdic- not have thought. It seems now that tion .of the Church at Luebo could when things get normal once more read the Bible for themselves and the !nterior and the coast people wir1 hundreds of these could write' in a be III a more friendly relationship fairly creditable manner. It is fair than ever before."

to assume that the number now able Grim Heathenism to read has reached from 7,000 to AMISSIONARY of the Meth- 8,000. . odist Board at Kapanga, Congo Among 15,000 communicants it is Beige, sends a picture of grim heathestimated that 12,000 can recite more or less perfectly the Westminster enism as seen in that field. The fa- Shorter Catechism, with all of its 107 questions. Among the Bakuba, vorite wife of haMdwdaitead,Yoamndbo~hithlee who possess more intelligence than Luunda king, some of the tribes, thirteen more questions have been added to the the bereaved husband lay on the catechism. floor and wailed, a wild and tumul- tuous riot went on over the meat of two cows, slaughtered to feed the hundreds of sympathizers who had Before an applicant can be ad- flocked in. In a shed outside the mitted into ful.l church membership, fence sat all the other wives, some he must COlrurut to memory, besides twenty in number, and several hun- the Sho~ter Catechism, the first, dred Luunda women, with the dead twenty-thIrd, thirty-second, thirty- woman sitting in a chair in the cen- seventh, and fifty-first Psalms the ter of the group. All night these entire Sermon on the cMhaoputenrt~' the wOJ?en sat, sm~king great pipes, third and fourteenth of wh!le the dead wife's mother sat on J~onhdn.,thtehethtiwrteeleftnhthchcahpatpetrerofofRoImCaonrs~ the ground and held her feet. In still another part of the premises a Illthlans. After all of this has been hideous heat~en dance was in prog- cr.editably recited, the applicant is ress. MeantIme, an enormous wood- stIll kept on probation for a period en box was being prepared and the of three months to' show by his con- burial took place the following after- sistent life that he understands what noon. What went into the box be- he has learned, and the seriousness sides the body the missionary did not of the step he is about to take. know, but sixteen men were re- Where else in the world is found quired to carry it to the grave. When such a high standard required for admission to Christian citizenship? it had been lowered into the ground all the dead favorite's possessions were thrown in on top of it -pots -The Missionary Voice. pans, dishes, chairs and m;ts, but

first they were smashed with an ax ers sent out have been delayed by lest some one be tempted to open the the withholding of passports, but grave and get them out. Then the when they arrive it is expected that earth was filled in, a red and white an entire reorganization of the Mis- flag planted at each end, and on top sion forces will be made. a big blue dishpan and a raised um- breHa-this last to signify that it THE ISLANDS was the grave of an important per- sonage. All was quiet for six days, A Model Community then native doctors were summoned to give the poison test to determine T HE Island of Culion in the Phil- who had killed Mwata. ippines, a segregation camp for lepers, has earned the right to pro- The African thinks no one ever claim itself as a model in sanitation and progrfessive achievement. Nb dies naturally; some one has always other city of the Philippines, not even excepting Manila, can in any killed them either by poison or witch- respect equal the sanitary record of craft. When these witch doctors all Culion. As a result of effective arrived they grouped the people in a quarantine regulations, small-pox, circle, while the doctors stood in the diphtheria, typhoid and cholera are center holding a basket in which had altogether unknown. One hundred been placed some rubbish and a dead per cent of the population use safe lizard; and as each person looked water and sanitary methods of sew- into the basket, the doctors were sup- age disposal. posed to be· able to detect the guilty one, and say "It is you." The vic- In spite of the fact that the en- tim never questions that he has tire community is composed of [ep- caused the death, and neither does ers, and the government furnishes anyone else. In the present in- enough food for everyone, from stance the missionary was on hand, ten to fifteen per cent of the people with medicine, just in time to pre- have taken up farms and sell their vent the giving of the poison, and products to the municipality. They although the king resented the inter- have even offered a first and second ference, matters finally quieted down, prize for the best locally grown and doctors and people dispersed. foods. 'l'his community has brushed aside the handicap of being a colony Nyassa Industrial Mission of affiicted folk, supported by the government, and has succeeded in .3' standing as a shining example to other localities. EVERYTHING points in the di- rection of wider missionary ef- -Mission to Lepers. fort in East Africa. Christian work has been maintained throughout the OBITUARY NOTES four years of war, and there is a firm conviction in missionary circles Miss Margarette Daniels that the ranks of workers will be increased by recruits from among the A LIFE of active Christian servic~ men who have seen through the was brought suddenly to a close campaign in German East Africa. by the death of Miss Margarette These men have been working for Daniels on October 3. Miss Daniels the Kingdom of God as well as for was a daughter of the late Dr. their country, and the results have C. H. Daniels, former secretary strengthened the cause of missions. of the American Board, and Mrs. Daniels, president of the Congrega- Two new lines of work have been tional Woman's Board of Foreign decided upon; one the commence- Missions. She was a member of the ment .of a campaign in Portuguese editorial staff of The Congregation- . East Africa, the other an extension alist and Advance. of the work for girls and women in Nyasaland. Some of the new work-

RECENT BOOKS ON . organizations concerned with inter-

HOME MISSIONS national Jewish affairs.

A List QY Rlv Alfred wms. Anthony "Why Prohibition!" Charles Stel- zle. ($1.50-Doran.) "The Religious Foundations of A book so lifted out of its class America," Charles I…. Thomp- son. ($1.50-Revell.) by its breadth of view, its com- A statement of the rehgious mo- mand of new and telling facts, and its fresh style as to become a contives and characteristics which were tribution to Home Missions. given to the country in its discoyery, exploration and settlement. "The Church and the Great War," Worth M. Tippy. ($1.00-Re- "Frontier Missionary Problems." veil.) Bruce Kinney. ($1.00-Revell.) A description of the home ac- A discussion of five problems: tivities of the church in response the Indian, the MornlOn, the Mi- to the challenge of war-necessities. grant Mexican, "our own kith and kin" in the west, and methods of "Outline Studies on the Problems evangelism suited to the west. of the Reconstruction Period.

"Christian Democracy for America," A pamphlet prepared by a special David D. Forsyth and Ralph W. committee. Published for the Social Keeler. (75 cents. The Metho- Service Commission of the Presby- dist Book Concern.) terian Church. This pamphlet of 39 pages, deals with thirteen prob- A study of American democracy lems either created by the war or from the point of view of the lifted by the war into special promchurch in terms of the rural situa- inence. tion, the immigrant, the city, the Negro, the modem forms of church ALFRED WMS. ANTHONY. activity, the Mormon, the Latin- American, the Oriental, and the "Our Church and Our Country," dynamic power given in the person Burleson. (50 cents-Domestic of Christ. and Foreign Missionary Society of the Episcopal Church.) A book dealing with the early "The Jewish Communal Register days of the Anglican Church in 'of New York City," edited and the territory of the United States published by the Kehillah ($2.50- and the history of the Episcopal Jewish Community) of New York Church as a missionary agency, City. especially in relation to the develop- An exhaustive and comprehensive ment of American Citizenship.

epitome of the Jewish agencies in New York City characterized as "The People of Tipi Sapa," Olden. ($2.50 – Morehouse Publishing follows: religious, educational, rec- Co., Milwaukee, Wis.) reational and cultural, economic, mutual aid, philanthropic, correc- An account of the religion, cus- tional; coordinating, standardizing toms and folklore of the Indians, and research; central and national especially of the Dakotas' or Sioux.

organizations having constituencies in New York City, and American "His Star in the West," Giles. lDo- n

mestic and Foreign Missionary valuable from a technical point of Society of the Episcopal Church.} view. Stories for older children based upon fact and drawn from mission- "America in the Making." M. E. ary work among Indians, Negroes Ravage. ($1.50-Harper Brothand southern mountaineers. ers.) WM. C. SfURGIS. Written by a Jew; valuable; shows the revolutionary and an- "In a Day of Social Rebuilding." archistic tendencies of the foreigner, Lectures on the ministry of the which become modified as he be- church. Henry Sloane Coffin. comes Americanized. ($1.00-Yale University Press.) Discusses the local church from "Straight America." Frances Kel- lar. (60 cents-Macmillan.) the standpoint of evangelism, worship, teaching, organization, pas- A valuable treatise on Americantoral care and leadership. ization.

"The Church and tne City." An "True Faith and Allegiance," account of Home Missions and Gustav Olinger. (Macmillan.) Church extension in New York Presbytery. (25 cents-Board of Describes the assimilation of the Home Missions, Presbyterian foreigner up to naturalization. Church in the U. S. A.) Describes the work at Labor CHARLJ;:S A. BROOKS.

Temple, Jan Hus Neighborhood The Christian Conquest of America. House, and at other centers. By Ralph Welles Keeler and Ellen Coughlin Keeler. (Metho- "The Gospel for a Working World." dist Book Concern.) Harry F. Ward. (60 cents-Mis- sionary Education Movement.) A thorough-going, popular dis A sympathetic account of the cussion of Methodist Episcopa Home Missions with the present· condition and needs of labor from day program outlined and emphathe point of view of religion and sized. the church. The Challenge of Pittsburg. By "Aims of Labor." Arthur Hen- Daniel L. Marsh. (Missionary derson. (50 cents-Huebsch.) Education Movement.) Includes "Labor and the New A survey and analysis of Hom!' Social Order," a report on recon- Missions in the home town. Of struction by the sub-committee of great value in its suggestiveness. the British Labor Party. An Introduction to Rural Soc- WILLIAM P. SHRIVJ;:R. iology. By Paul L. Vogt. (Ap- pleton.) "The Immigrant and the Commun- ity." Grace Abbott. ($1.50- A book needed by all who WOUIO Century Company.) grasp the significance of the task of A most important book, built Home Missions in rural comml'-;- ties. up on ",,00 mf'thods, stimulating,

MISSIONARY

RECENT FOREIGN MISSION BOOKS WORTH NOTING.

By PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Professor of Missions in Yale University.

The Encyclopaedia Sinica. By S. Coul- those directly missionary-such a ing, M. A. Shanghai. Kelly and volume, for instance, as the "Re- Walsh. 1917. London: H. Milford. port on Indian Constitutional Re- !~'" forms," vitally affects all the mis- 1918. sionary work of that great and The Treasure of the Magi. A Study of Modern Zoroastrianism. By H. J. Moulton. London: Oxford Univer- sity Press. 1918, populous Empire. It describes what the Viceroy and Secretary of State The Pilgrims of Hawaii. By Rev. and for India call "the greatest political experiment ever undertaken in the Mrs. O. H. Gulick. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918.

"The Least of These"-in Colombia. world's history." Missionary re- ports are also omitted, notably By M. N. Williams. New York: Secretary S. G. Inman's "Christian Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918. Cooperation in Latin America,"

The Power-House at Pathankot. By M. J. Campbell. Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Missions of the United partly because they describe what Presbyterian Church. 1918. was done in 1917, and partly be- cause they do not belong to the A Prince of the Church in India. class of literature under considera- By J. C. R. Ewing. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company. 1918.

Underwood of Korea. By his Wife. tion. Only one volume in the following New York: Fleming H. Revell Com- pany. 1918. list can be classed among great mis- Dr. Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. By sionary publications. It is Mr. Coul- F. W. S. O'Neil, editor. 2nd edition.

London: James Clarke and Company. ing's "Encyclopaedia Sinica," con- 1918. fessedly a reference book, but de- spite its omissions, its unevennesses Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan. By due to its many contributors, and C. N oss and associates of the Mission Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Mis- sions Reformed Church in the United its being a pioneer effort in this States. 1918. World. line, it is a most commendable The Christian Crusade for and H. and valuable Democracy. By S. E. Taylor compilation. An E. Luccock. New York: Methodist manner of things Chinese are set Book Concern. 1918. forth here, some at length and too many of them so briefly that they He;rs Together of the Grace of Life. only whet the curiosity to know Benjamin Broomhall, Amelia Hudson BroomhalI. By M. Broomhall, M. A. more about them. The naturalist, London: Morgan and Scott. 1918.

The Call of a World Task in War the geographer, the merchant, the literary man, the student of reli- Time. By J. Lovell Murray. New gions, the Board secretary and the friend of Missions will find accur- York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. 1918.

THE year's output of missionary ate, interesting and up-to-date books is far below the average Chinese material in this admirable in amount and quality, largely-and volume. especialy in Europe-because of Out of many books dealing this war conditions. From some sixty year with the faiths of mission books of the year of which the fields only one has been chosenwriter has personal knowledge a Prof. Moulton's "The Treasure of few are here selected, though quite the Magi"-though at first thought possibly other books more valuable it might not seem as valuable as are omitted. several others, especially the Uni- Many volumes have an indirect versity of Pennsylvania's volume, influence upon the foreign en- edited by Prof. Montgomery, "Re- terprise of far greater moment than ligions of the Past and Present," Unlike the latter, this book nating to the reader of some years by Prof. Moulton was written from ago. a distinctly missionary viewpoint, and is by a specialist of the highest Though Mrs. Williams diseminence. The volume belongs to claims any attempt to write a mis- "The Religious Quest of India" sionary volume in her fascinating series, and as such these chapters pictures found in "The Least of on modern Zoroastrianism sympa- These-in Colombia," she is the wif( thetically point the inquiring Parsee of a Presbyterian missionary and to those Mobeds of their national is in charge of the Collegio Amerifaith who of old saw Bethlehem's cano in Bogota. Her abilities as star in the East and wended labor- a writer remind one of Jean Maciously thither to worship its won- kenzie, though without her use of drous Babe. While the author native modes of thought. The series might not agree with the Jesuit of South American stories have to theologian who characterized this do with ,servants, pupils and acfaith as "the highest religious re- quaintances, in a background beautisult to which human reason, un- fully filled in by one who has eyes aided by revelation, can attain," to see and a pen to sketch truly his friendly reference to the older and sympathetically. Here we have. and higher teachings prepares the in a volume that reads itself, the Parsee to accept his final chapter in story of what missionaries are do- ing among peoples already nominwhich the excellencies of the Chris- ally Christian. tian religion are summed up in' a "The Power-House at Pathankot" divine and alluring Love. is used as a study class text-book Leaving technical and reference by United Presbyterians, but one finds that, after reading a chapter, books, the remaining volumes the rest of the volume is so absorbing of the list are intended for that it cannot be taken in weekly the popular use of a wider instalments, but must be read constituency. When the first through at a sitting, Miss Campbell missionary set foot on Hawaii tells of a sort of missionary work in less .than a century ago it was the Northwestern India which so inabode of savagery just awakening terested the government authorities to its need of light and knowledge. that they bestowed upon her the Fifty years later their inhabitants Kaisar-i-Hind medal. Bigoted and had been evangelized and educated. antagonistic Mohammedans an.-l and Hawaii was Christian. How Hindus rallied around her as lead this came about through the labors in the temperance reform. T of American Board missionaries is secret which enabled school git.~ here somewhat prosaically told by and teachers, seconded by the conchildren of the pioneers, themselves vinced community, to perform civic honored agents in the great trans- miracles. was the brick church at formation that prepared the Islands Pathankot, where prayer was unfor statehood in the American ceasing and believing and where nation. History, biography, Chris- the "Band of Love," men's Bible tian dynamics and missionary class and others bound themselves statesmanship are all found here. together to be workers with God. Mr. and Mrs. Gulick, as representa- Prayer in action built a temperance tives of "Pilgrims of Hawaii," hall and won to that cause and to speak with an authority and in- Christ Moslem, Sikh and Brahmin; timacy that some other works on it secured the cooperation of offi- cials; it brought to that section the Islands do not possess, but Sundar Singh, the wonderful Sikh the book lacks the imagination and freshness that made Belle Brain's "Transformation of Hawaii" fasci-

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Apostle of '!the Bleeding Feet"; and and subsequent Christian conse- in general it proves the thesis, cration and training transformed his "Faith faughs at obstacles. Let life into an instrument of grace us ask our great God to do great and power. This story of one of things." Read it and believe as the pioneers in Korea has its thrills.

never before in prayer. Dr. Underwood was also a par- Among the missionary biographies ticipator in the evolution of Korea of the year is one by the veteran into Chosen. His wife has hardly India missionary, President J. C. R. done justice to the part she played Ewing of Lahore. It tells the life- in the Korean Mission, especially story of "A Prince of the Church in in the early stages when, as the India," the Rev. Kali Charan Chat- Queen's physician, she had won- terjee, D. D. This representative derful opportunities to influence Christian, born of a proud Kulin and aid those in Court life, more Brahmin father appeared in Ameri- than any other missionary, perhaps.

can pulpits half a century ago and Dr. Underwood was instrumental later received the degree of Doctor in establishing the Nevius plan of of Divinity from Edinburgh Uni- missionary effort, which has much versity. This too brief, yet dis- to do with the phenomenal progress criminating biography, tells of his of Christianity in Korea.

breaking away from caste and home, Another life, story that ranks of his early student days which led first among all the missionary biog- the convert to turn away from the raphies of the year in simple, naive Church which had won his earliest int~ate style is "Dr. Isabel Mitch- allegiance because it would not ell of Manchuria." This rare Irish allow ·the ordination of an Indian lassie, the daughter of a Belfast Christian on a parity with foreign- Presbyterian minister, early took ers; it describes his long and emi- such an interest in literature that nent services as a teacher and pro- she longed to enter the University fessor, and his crowning work as as an Arts student; her vivid imag- pastor from his ordination in 1868 ination reveled in pictures of boys to 1903 when he was chosen Mod- and girls of other lands, and her erator of the First Presbyterian Gen- soul was thrilled by the stories of eral Assembly to convene in India. great missionary pioneers. "Francis The power behind this humble of Assisi, kneeling before the cru- Christian was revealed in a state- cifix, saw the Crucified and at the ment written in his seventy-first same time heard the weary call of year, in which he stated that the. many lands." So this maiden saw decision to renounce Hinduism and Jesus and longed to carry His life cast his lot with the despised Chris- and exhibit something of His pas- tians was the doctrine of the sion for souls to Manchuria. After vicarious sufferings and death of winning four medals and two prizes Christ. This sketch of a great life at Queen Margaret College in reveals what it costs to be a Chris- Glasgow, affiliated with the Uni- tian in India and what one man can versity's Medical Department, she accomplish. went to Manchuria. The story of The accomplished scholar, preach- her life and work there is toM er, educator and leader of the mainly in fascinating and realistic Presbyterian Mission in Chosen- letters. From the blue of the beau- and of all Protestant work there- tiful Mediterranean in 1905 to th,~ is adequately portrayed by the one last letter written to her mother who knew him best in, "Underwood on Feb. 15, 1917, life leaps for of Korea." At four years of aKe sheer joy through her correspond- the child resolved to become a ence. Medicine was her work, a missionary, and his British blood wholly modem Sunday-school was her recreation, and chi I d r e n day-school and Epworth League (Chinese quite as much as little members for forward movements in Pat O'Neil) were her heart's love. the centenary program of that Church. This volume will not Of the mission study text-books stand the test of being continuously published during the year we re- read, for it is a series of unit apgretfully omit comment upon Miss peals, each intended to rivet the Burton's "Women Workers of attention of the reader separately the Orient" and Mr. Willard upon great, appealing facts in con- Price's "Ancient Peoples at nection with each of the various New Tasks,"-both exceedingly fields of the Methodist Church. As valuable books in the depart- most of the non-Christian world ment of industrial progress as passes under review this volume related to miSSIOns. We call makes one see, rather than imagine, attention to N oss and his collab- the needs and golden opportunities orators' "Tohoku, the Scotland of of the mission world. The book Japan," because it gives the best is part and parcel of the most recondensed account of a mission's markable system of publicity and environment, missionary conditions promotion that any Board has proand Christian activities and accom- duced in any land. For this reason plishment, without losing itself in this volume is useful almost solely dry details annalistically stated. It for the denomination issuing it. would be hard to surpass that section dealing with missionary opera- A volume between missionary tions (chs. V-VII) in any missionary biography and promotion is Mr. volume on the Empire except Dr. Broomhall's "Heirs Together of the Cary's "History of Christianity in Grace of Life." The author's father and mother were in a minor way Japan." Despite the smallness of to the China Inland Mission, whose the Board of Foreign Missions of home secretary the 'father was for the Reformed Church in the United States, it has some rare mission- many years, what General and Mrs. aries, and their best work is found William Booth were to the in the northern part of Japan's Salvation Army. As the sismain island. Since 1885 this par- ,t.er of Hudson Taylor, the ticular Mission has done great Mission's founder, Mrs. Broomthings, especially in the direction of hall, was an untiring hostess to evangelization and education. It is missionaries and candidates, a zealextremely gratifying to find such ous reformer, and a power of the clarity, human interest, denomina- same spiritual and dynamic sort as tional charity and cooperation, her brother. Her husband was a modernity of method and adaptation prodigious letter writer and left his to the moods and needs of a mark on humble Christians and sensitive, rapidly developing people members of Parliament alike. so winsomely set forth in a book Incidentally the book is a revelintended for young people's study ation of what a Christian famclasses. One wishes Dr. Noss ily should and may be. The could undertake a similar text- author's modesty causes him to omit one of the great contributions book for all Japan. of his parents to missions-the Great skill and effectiveness fact that most of their six daughters characterize "The Christian Crusade and four sons have been devoted for World Democracy," a text-book directly or indirectly to China's uplift and redemption, the biogprepared by the Senior Secretary rapher himself being a power in the of the Methodist Board of Foreign editori~l and literary field, after Missions, Dr. Earl Taylor, and Mr. rendering a fruitful service in China. Luccock. Its immediate objective is to awaken and prepare the Sun- Laymen's Council of the New Era Movement The Laymen's Council completes the organization of the New Era Movement. In addition to the Council the representation consists of committees from General Assembly Executive Commission Ten Boards and Agencies Women's Boards Church-at-Large The executive officers of the movement include the Moderator and Stated Clerk of General Assembly. The executive committee includes the executive officers and representatives of component organizations.

THE LAYMEN'S COUNCIL CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATIVE PRESBYTERIANS Henry P. Crowell, Chairman, Chicago. William' Livingston, Detroit, Micb. Hon. ThomasR. Marshall, Washington, D. C. Henry Leland, Detroit, Micb.

Gov. Charles S. Whitman, Albany, N. Y. Emory W. Clark, Detroit, Micb. Gov. James P. Goodrich, Indianapolis, Ind. Fraocis S. Phraner, Summit, N. J. John T. Manson, New Haven, Conn. Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago. Alexander R. Nicol, New York City. J. B. Forgan, Chicago. Edwin M. Bulkley, New York City. John V. Farwell, Chicago. Arthur Curtiss James, New York City. James H. Post, New York City. Frank J. Loesch, Chicago. Robert J obnston, St. Lows, Mo. James N. Jarvie, New York City. James B. Welch, Kansas City, Mo. Alba B. Johnson, Philadelphia. John Wanamaker, Philadelphia. Nelson H. Loomis, Omaha, Neb. Charles L. Huston, Coatesville, Pa. D. D. Dayton, Minneapolis, Minn. Robert Garrett, Baltimore, Md. John Porter, Spokane, Wash.

A. H. Whitford, Buffalo, N; Y. William M. Ladd, Portland, Ore. W. A. Rogers, Buffalo, N. Y. Robert Dollar, San Rafael, Cal.

D. S. Alexander, Buffalo, N. Y. A. H. Johnson, San Francisco, Cal. William A. Harbison, Pittsburgh. John Willis Baer, Pasadena, Cal, Wilson A. Shaw, Pittsburgh. D. B. Gamble, Pasadena, Cal.

James G. McNary, El Paso, Texas. E. R. Brown, Dallas, Texas. Sereno P. Fenn, Cleveland, Ohio. Wilbur P. Manley, Sioux City, Iowa.

The Council, though an advisory body, has already taken a very active part in the operation of the New Era Movement. It held its first meeting at general offices (I 56 Fifth Avenue, New York) November I9, with a representative attendance and perfected certain plans and made other recommendations which vitally affect the stability of the movement.

THE NEW ERA MOVEMENT. of the Presbyterian Church ID the U. S. A•• 156 FIfth Avenue. New York.

:Pie… mention Tlill MlSillONAIIY !UVlllW 01 TBJI WOJU.D in writina' to advertisert Missionary Personals-Missionary Review REV. JAMES L. BARtON, D.D., Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. will head the Commission to Turkey sent by the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee. This is in no sense a political mission but is a practical demonstration of America's interest in Turkey and the races that make up that nation. Other members of the party include DR. W. W. PEET, treasurer of the American Board at Constantinople; PROF. EDWARD C. Moo~ of Harvard University and P~s.

J. H. T. MAIN of Grinnell College, Iowa. They expect to sail early in January.

MR. WII,I.IAM M. DANNER, American Secretary of the Mission to Lepers, is one of a committee of five appointed to select a suitable location for a national leprosarium to be established in the United States. The money is already assured by the American Government.

REV. CHARI,ES L. GOODEr.I., D.D., well known as a successful evangelistic pastor of the Methodist Church, has been elected Executive Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.

DR. W. E. MACKI,IN, who has served the Christian Missionary Society in Central China for thirty-three years, is in America for his furlough year.

Mll J. ERNEST McAFEE, formerly Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, has begun his new work as_ Corresponding Secretary of the American Miissionary Association, succeeding Dr. H. Paul Douglass in this office.

BISHOP A. P. CAMPHOR, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, recently arrived in America after a two-months' journey from his home in Monrovia, Liberia. He came by way of France, and while there preached to the colored labor battalions at the front.

DR. JOSEPH L. -JOHNSON has been appointed by President Wilson as Minister from the United States to the Republic of Liberia. Dr. Johnson is a graduate of Howard University and has been a successful physician in Columbus, Ohio.

DR. HOWARD A. BRIDGMAN, Editor-in-Chief of The Congregationalist and Advance, has recently returned from his visit to Fnance. He speaks in the highest praise of the various welfare organizations at work there.

MISS Y. NANDAMA, a recent Christian Indian graduate of the Woman's Medical College of Ludhiana, North India, is now an assistant in the Woman's Hospital at NelJore.

REv. G. M. BRINK, D. D., of the Baptidt Home Mission Society, has accepted the position of General Secretary ot the Baptist Publication Society.

COWNEr. GUNPEI YAMAMURO, the well-known Japanese Salvationist, has been appointed a member of a cabinet committee in Tokyo to advise the Government in matters relating to prevention of poverty, protection of children and kindred problems. Of the eighteen members of the committee Colonel Yamamuro is the only representative of a religious organization.

MR. W. J. 'EI.I.IOTt, a banker of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, has been elected Treasurer of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension.

DR. FRANK L. NEIlI,D, the former principal of Bareilly Theological Seminary, India, died on October 26 at Hartford, Conn.

DR. JAMES M. TAYI,OR, of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions, has returned hom a visit to the mission fields of the Far East.

DR. EDGAR P. HII.I., Professor of Homiletics and Applied Christianity in McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, has accepted the secretaryship of the new ~~ Ed~ation Board of the Presbyterian Church.

MRS. SAIto, wife of the Secretary of the Tokyo Y. M.C. A., has learned both English and Japanese Bmille (for the blind). She is now teaching the system to prospectiv.e teachers and is also promoting a Japanese National Library for the Blind.

MR. 'UEYAMA, a converted Buddhist priest, is devoting his time to the teaching of more than a thousand students at the Osaka Y. M. C. A.

-MRS. C. V. A. VAN DYeR, the oldest missionary of the Presbyterian Board in point of service, died in Beirut, Syria, on August 18, at the age of 92 years. She was appointed a missionary in 1840 with her husband, who was famous as a translator of the Bible into Arabic.

REV. LYNDON S. CRAWFORD died recently at his home in Trebizond, Turkey, where he had been a missionary of' the American Board for more than thirty-five years.

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SOME OF THE :GOOD THINGS IN THE JANUARY NUMBER THE NEW OUTLOOK FOR THE NEW yEAR ……………. Prof. D. B. Macdonald, D. D MOHAMMED WITHOUT CAMOUFLAGE. , ……………. Canon W. H. T. Gairdner, M. A SHEIKH MAKHAIL MANSUR-AN APOSTLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rev. J. G. Hunt, D. D SAINT WORSHIP IN TURKEY ………………………… Rev. George E. White, D. D THE ORIGIN OF THE MOROS . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ' . . . . . . Judge Lobingier REAPING THE HARVEST TODAy ……………………………. Rev. W. T. Anderson THE WANING OF THE CRESENT …………………………… Rev. Charles T. Riggs PRESENT CONDITIONS OF ISLAM IN CHINA …… , ……………… Mrs. A. H. Mateer Published by THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Co.

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Please mention TH-J: MISSIIOONNAARRYY REEVvUn:;Ww OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Important Items of news from the present number of the IU:VIJlW, suitable for use on Church Calendars and in Missionary Meetings The great closed land of Tibet is now open to missionaries of Christ. Three reasons for this change are the weakening of Chinese influence in Tibet; the "Younghusband Expedition" and the visits of Tibetans to foreign countries. Instead of open opposition to missionary work there are now assurances of hearty welcome and even of assistance. (See page 18) '" '" '" The war in many vital ways will aid the cause of missions in India. The five million or more Indians serving in various capacities in connection with the British campaigns will return home with a new world vision of social and religious reforms, and with a determination to put them into effect. (See page 21) '" '" '" The Zornitza, oldest Bulgarian newspaper extant, has been an important factor in promoting the Protestant movement in Bulgaria. While treating all subjects from an evangelical staudpoint, 'it has not been sectarian and has avoided attacks on 'the Orthodox (Greek) Church. Thus a great deal of genuinely Christian leaven wt>~ked its way into Bulgarian Society. Copies sent to villages wtle read aloud at cafes, then were passed from hand to hand until each copy reached many people. (See page 25) '" '" '" The temperance cause has made great progress in Bulgaria. Many temperance so- .

cieties have been organized and an extensive literature has been created and sent to every school in Bulgaria and Macedonia. Bulgaria will probably be the first Balkan State to adopt temperance legislation. (Ses: page 25) * * * In Sonth Africa, neither industrial training nor social service can better the con- dition of the natives until the problem is settled of the native's relation to the land. The government has withdrawn, at least temporarily, its "Native Land Act," a law initiated in the interests of the European. New legislation must now give the natives a fair share of the land, and security of tenure as rapidly as they prove themselves able '" '" '" to make effective use of such land. (See page 32) Aristocratic K. uweit, on the Persian Gulf, where live the bluest of the blue-blooded Arabs, is wide open to the Gospel. On Sunday mornings, the Christian church is so packed with Arab men and women that some must stand on boxes at the windows. Recently a young descendent of Mohammed confessed Christ and is being educated to preach the Gospel.

'" * '" Industrial corporations, such as the Westinl!house Brothers and the Du Pont Powder Company, have invested millions in Y.M. C. A. buildings, eontribute generol1sly toward annual maintenance and pay several hundred thousands for the support of extension work. Larg-e amounts are g-iven by the employees themselves, thus making the Associations industrial program a mutual welfare enterprise. (See page 40) * * * The Brazilian government has recently sent twenty-seven students to the United States to take courses in ag-ricnltnre, forestry, sanitation and engineering. The missionary forces have impressed Bra7il to such an extent that missionary leaders in this country were requested to advise the students concerning' the institutions they should attend and to help them get the most out of their stay. (See page 36) '" * * Women missionaries in the Te1egu country of India have started a mag'azine for women called the Vivekavafhi. All the contributors are women and the subject matter eincludes news. household economy, notes on the care of chiJldren and nature studies. See page 61) '" '" '" An applicant for church' membershill in the Congo must commit to memory the first twenty-third, thirty-second. thirtv-seventh and fiftv-first Psalms; the entire Sermon on the Mount; the third and fourteenth chapters of .Tohn; the twelfth chapter of Romans and the thirteenth chapter of first Corinthians. After all this has been creditably recited one must show. in a probationary neriod of three months, that he understands how to live a consistent Christian life. (See page 61) '" * '"

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1918

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL January, 1918 NUMBER XLI ON.

SIGNS OF TIm TIME S "~,,u::uuu" QOU VUUiIi u :0.0 I Ib.UY ~.

THINKING IN CONTINENTS SOME of the early missionary pioneers had visions of world cam- paigns to win the world for Jesus Christ. The promise to Abra- ham was that in his seed all the families of the earth should be blessed. The commission of Christ to His disciples was world-wide in scope and the early missionary apostles started out to go with the Gospel into all known lands. When Church and State became united, plans for political conquest were linked with those for spiritual victories and the spiritual end was defeated. Then came the Reformation and the division of Christendom into independent and non-eo-operating sects. The result has. been the multiplication of missionary agencies with the division of missionary effort. I The Church of Christ has failed to unite on any general program for world evangelization and much time, money. and labor have been wasted.

Today missionary statesmen are making a heroic effort to correct the mistakes of the past. They are meeting in conference, are planning campaigns to occupy continents, are promoting union work and are dividing territory to prevent overlapping. The Edinburgh Conference and the interdenominational Missionary Conferericesin America and England have made long strides toward the desired goal of united missionary effort to evangelize the whole world.

The latest special conference to study missionary strategy and cooperative effort met in New York last November to consider the Continent of Africa. It met under the auspices of the African Committee of the Foreign Missions Conference and studied in statesman-like manner the problems presented by the whole continent. One of the most able and striking papers-by the chairman, Dr. Cornelius H. Patton-' appears in this number of the REVIEW. It views Africa as a whole-the

progress of evangelization, the menace of Islam and of commercialism, the most successful methods of evangelization, the need for co-operative effort and the demand for an adequate missiona'ry strategy.

Other paper,s took up the unevangelized regions, the advance of Mohammedanism, the value of medical work, the progress of educational missions, and typical missions and successful methods. Some of c. the ablest missionaries participated, including Bishop Joseph Hart- zell, of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Bishop Hamilton, of the Moravian Board; Bishop Lambuth, of the Southern Methodists; Dr. Charles R. Watson, President of Cairo University; Dr. Karl Kumm, of the Sudan United Mission; Dr. Catherine Mabie, of Banza Manteke; Dr. J. H. Taylor, of Zululand; Mrs. W. H. Johnston, of the Kamerun Mission, and others conne'cted with Protestant Episcopal, Christian, and Africa Inland missions.

The time is ripe for greater advance in Africa. The races are awakening; the railroads are highways for advance; the commercial progress involves both dangers and opportunities. Ruin or redemption confronts the African. In view of these and other facts, the conference adopted, unanimously, the following resolutions (here abbreviated) : 1. That at the next Foreign Missions Conference the need be presented 'for arousing the churches to the Moslem peril and the present opportunity for dealing with the problem. 2. That the Cummittee of Reference and Cou~cil be asked to present to the French Government the reasons for allowing Protestapt missions unhampered opportunity for work in French territory.

:1-. That the evangelization of Africa calls for the quadrupling of the missionary forces within the next five years. These should be distributed so as to occupy the strategic lines of trade, the chief centers of Mohammedan influence and the unoccupied areas.

4. That the Standing Committee seek for a basis for co-operation with other bodies to secure the fullest consideration to the rights of the native races in the peace settlement.

5. That attention of Protestant churches be called to the need for making sure that the Christianity of Africa shall be dominantly evangelical. , 6. That, in view of the disastrous effect of the importation of alcoholic liquors into Africa, the executive officers of the Mission Boards be requested to petition the House of Representatives in favor of the proposed Constitutional AmendlI!ent prohibiting the manu- facture and sale of intoxicating liquors.

7. That large emphasis be placed on the selection and training of native evangelists in Africa; that special Bible courses be prepared; that more adequate provision be made for industrial training; and that there be prepared and translated, in the chief language of Africa, a small book describing the pentecostal work in such fields as the Camerouns, the Nile Valley, Uganda, Nyasaland and the Lower Congo.

8. That, in view of the necessity of the fullest co-operation on the part of the several branches of the Church, the conference recommends well equipped Union Schools for training a native ministry, and a scientific survey of the South African field with a view to greater unification of missionary effort.

9. That the conference urge on all- African missions the importance of the production of religious literature in the vernacular adopted to native needs.

10. That, in view of the great need for and effectiveness of medical missions in Africa, the -medical force and equipment should be greatly increased.

It is expected that a permanent committee will be appointed by the Foreign Missions Conference to study the needs and plan for missionary advancement in Africa. The report of this conference is to be print~d and will form a valuable basis for the study of Africa as a whole and the

OF THE TIMES

program needed for its speedy evangelization. The period following the war must be a period of readjustment and should be active for the crystallization of plans and for united effort. But, after all, only the power of God can convert the African and only Christ can redeem Africa.

THE RESULT OF MISSIONARY STRATEGY I N one week in November the Young Men's Christian Association workers in the United States secured pledges for over $50,000,000 to be expended for soldiers and sailors betore June first. Thus they obtained in seven days, nearly twice as much as all the Protestant missionary forces of America have hitherto been able to secure for foreign work in twelve months. And this was on top of the hundred million dollar Red Cross drive, two Liberty Loan campaigns, Belgian Relief, Armenian Relief and other appeals.

How did they do it? First, they presented a great cause with an . unusual appeal; second, they had a thorough organization for every State, city, town and village; third, they secured the co-operation of men of large affairs; and fourth, they used effective methods in the presentation of facts and to create enthusiasm among the solicitors and the givers.

But this is not all. There are greater lessons that may be learned from the Y. M. C. A. work for the soldiers in this World War. The greatest is the value of co-operation and unity in a sacrificial effort to carry forward a great campaign to save men.

The associations in America and Great Britain-in fact, throughout the Allied world-are conducting a united campaign. National and denominational and personal differences are forgotten. The whole field is mapped out as by a general staff; each point is viewed with reference to its need, positive and comparative; the best men available are selected and placed with a view to the work to be done and their fitness for the task; there is no overlapping and the least possible waste. Money is spent freely to help soldiers wherever they are in need-in the training camps, in the base camps, in the trenches, on furlough or in the prison camps.

Wonders have been accomplished. In two weeks after war was declared the British Y. M. C. A. was mobilized and was represented in 250 centers. In two years there were 1,500 centers occupied by over 3,000 workers. Today, with America in line, there are some 5,000 workers in nearly 2,000 centers. America alone has 2,200 men in American camps and 400 men in armies abroad. A thousand buildings have been put up in camps and at the front.

The whole field has been served from the home office and personally inspected. So far as funds permit, centers are established wherever there is a need-in America, in the British Isles, in France, Belgium, Russia, Greece, Egypt, Malta, East Africa,· South Africa, Palestine,

Mesopotamia, India and Australia. Everywhere the armies go, there goes the Y. M. C. A.

In an incredibly short space of time these thousands of workers have been called, specially trained and equipped. All evangelical Chris- tians are included in the staff – Presbyterians, Baptists, Reformed, Methodists, Episcopalians, Congregationalists, Disciples, Brethren, Friends. There is no question about non-essentials of creed, only as to Christian character, and readiness and ability to serve in the name of Christ. There is little or no sectarian rivalry-seeking to lead men into particular branches of the Church. Soldiers know little and care less what denomination a Y. M. C. A. worker represents. Help is given in the name and spirit of Christ and the glory goes to Him.

The buildings and privileges are open to all and· meetings are attended by Protestants, Jews, Catholics, Atheists and those of other faiths and no faith. The "huts" are not expensive cathedrals or churches used one day a week, but are built with one idea-service. The workers have responded to a great need-leaving family, business and comforts of home to go into the place of danger and sacrifice.

What are the results? Forgetting self in the service of men, the Y. M. C. A. has gained a world-wide fame. The Red Triangle is known and welcomed everywhere and its initials have come to mean You Make Christianity Attractive. The political and military leaders give it unqualified endorsement. All classes of men are attracted. Money has poured into the treasury. Men press forward with applications for service. Hundreds of thousands of men have been saved from vice and ruin, have been enlisted in educational classes, and thousands have been quietly but effectively l~d to Christ. _ What then? What would happen if the whole Christian Church should take such a comprehensive view of its task? Surely no greater cause could be presented than that of saving men for time and eternity. What might not be done if the forces of Christiandom should unite to study the needs of the world; should readjust their organizations, their home expenses, their workers in the field, their plans of campaign-not with a narrow view but from the standpoint of the whole? What would happen if China and Africa and India and South America were studied and occupied in this way? Would not this Christian statesmanship appeal to multitudes, so that there would be an unprecedented response in workers and money? Overlapping and rivalry would cease. Money and men would be saved and Christianity would make an impression on the world such as has never been possible with a divided Church. Past excuses for failure would be forgotten. The united prayer that would follow would mean new power-for no amount of men, money or organization would avail for bringing new life to men without the direction and power of the Spirit of God.

OF THE TIMES

A PROGRAM FOR EIGHTY MILLIONS I N connection with the celebration of the one.hundredth anniversary of Methodist Home and Foreign Missions, the Church has outlined a large program of advance in service and giving. The celebration begins on January first and is expected to inaugurate a new era. The aim is to bring Methodist Christians to realize the greatness and importance of their task, just as the Allies are beginning to realize the necessity for unlimited devotion to the work of establishing peace on the earth.

Christian people must visualize the needs of the world and the inspiring possibilities of a redeemed and regenerated humanity. Every evil rampant today is the result of a disregard of God's laws and the failure to appropriate Christ's offer of life.power. The service of Christ calls for sacrifice even greater than is demanded in the interests of the nation and humanity; for Christian service includes all forms of service.

The Methodist Episcopal Church is endeavoring to bring its memo bers to see the vision and to accept the responsibility-none claiming exemption. They aim to mobilize the entire prayer life and all the resources of the Church. They see not only the congregations at home needing shepherding, with the unenlightened millions of negroes, Indians, mountaineers, miners, lumbermen and foreigners in America, but they also see the 800,000,000 of the unevangelized in Latin America, Africa, India, China, Japan and Moslem lands. Methodism's share in this responsibility includes over 100,000,000 souls.

The Boards of Home and Foreign Missions therefore call their churches in the next five years to quadruple their gifts-an $80,000,000 program. The Foreign Mission Board last year reported an $143,000 increase and now ask for eight millions a year for the next five years. The gifts to 'all Methodist foreign work reported for 19 I 7 amounted to $3,146,062, including amoQnts received from the women and Sunday· schools. Men are just beginning to learn how to give. Every land presents new openings for Christian i.nfluence, and after the war there will be unparalleled need and unprecedented opportunity. The disintegration of Islam, the Mass Movements in India, the intellectual awakening in China and the new friendliness in Japan and Latin America point to new possibilities for Christian advance-if the Church at home is'not selfish or asleep. The program outlined for the Metho~ dists will be more fully described in our next number. It is one that shows a daring faith and one that inspires to heroic sacrifice and service.

PALESTINE AND THE JEWS W HEN Baron Rothschild was approached some years ago with a proposal that his family help to purchase Palestine from the .' " Turks and re·establish the Jews in their homeland, it is said that lr~ '~eplied : "No I We will never seek to buy the land which God

Almighty gave to our fathers. The day will come when He will bring us back into our inheritance."

The time seems to be approaching when this fine faith is to be re- warded and when more prophecies of the Scriptures are to be fulfilled. On December loth it was announced that the British forces under Gen- eral Allenby had captured Jerusalem from the Turks and Germans. For two thousand years Palestine has been under gentile dominion and for _ twelve centuries the Mohammedan Powers have been in possession of the Holy City. Only twice during that period have Christian forces occupied Jerusalem for a brief period, the last Christian ruler being Frederick II. of Germany (1229-1244).

Last lJecember, after Beersheba, Hebron, Gaza and Jaffa had been captured, Jerusalem itself was surrounded, and surrendered without be- ing bombarded. Both Turkish and British forces wished to preserve the sacred shrines from injury. A Mohammedan representadve entered the city with the British and French commanders, so that the Temple Area, the Holy Sepulchre and other sacred places and relics, revered by Christians, Jews and Moslems, might not be pro1aned. Christians again possess the city, but the Moslems still hold the Temple Area.

What will be the future of Israel and of the Holy Land? Political prophecy is difficult, but God has wondrous ways of carrying out His program. The British have signified their approval of the Zionist move- ment and restoration of the Jews to Palestine and of Palestine to the Jews-perhaps with an international government. On November 2nd, Arthur James Balfour, of the British Foreign Office, wro~e to Lord Rothschild an official letter in which he said.

"His Majesty's government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this obj~ct."

Some students of history and prophecy see in this declaration an event as important to the Jews today as was the Decree of Cyrus in 536 B. c., which permitted the Jews to return to Palestine from Babylon.

This declaration has raised high the hopes of the Zionists and has been enthusiastically received by millions of Jews. It may be that at the con- clusion of the war hundreds of thousands of the "Peculiar People" will return to the land given to Abraham and will there await the further fulfilment of prophecy. (Luke 21 :24.) All this is in spite of the Moslem program. Djamal Pasha, commander of the Turkish army in Syria, declared that the Jews must be exterminated or deported from Palestine. But God has said that they should return (Is. II :II-16). To carry out His will the gentile nations are advocating the restoration of Israel to their homeland. It is the Turk who must go.

When this fulfilment of prophecy takes place we may expect that the land that once flowed with milk and honey, but that has been devastated l:.y Turkish mismanagement, will again be fruitful and fair.

OF THE TIMES

The soil is wondr~usly fertile, and when trees, grass, vineyards and grains are restored, the land will be one of the most beautiful on earth.

It is estimated that it could support at least 3,000,000 people in place of the present 400,000. The land holds the key position at the juncture of Asia, Africa and Europe-a strategic position enhanced by the recent railway building. Even before the war, Palestine was becoming increasingly Jewish-in commerce and industries, in agricultural settlements, in schools, hospitals, asylums and even in language. What may we expect if the Allies re-establish the Hebrews in their God-given home? Is their time of chastisement drawing to a close, in preparation for the return of their reiected Messiah? When that event takes place we may expect the Hebrews to become a great Christian missionary force to complete the evangelization of the world.

AMERICA'S OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA E VENTS are moving rapidly in the diplomatic relations of the Far· East. The war has not caused European nations to relax their interest in the greatest coming Power of Asia. In due time the Republic of China seems destined to far outweigh India's British-governed three hundred and fifteen millions and Japan's phenomenal assumption of indigenous hegemony in Asia. During these years of war the diplomacy of the Russian, French, Italian and Japanese chancellories has threatened China's autonomy,. or self-respect. Two nations, indeed, have shown themselves her friends in this cataclysmic time, Great Britain and the United States. All the Entente Powers (except Russiaowing to her financial straits) have manifested their good-will by postponing until a later period the burdensome Boxer indemnity payments. China has followed the United States in declaring war against the Central Powers, and already has sent a large number of Chinese laborers to France.

The Ishii-Lansing agreement is doubtless intended to safeguard China's best good, as well as to unite Japan and the United States on a basis of mutual interests and the highest welfare of the Far East. That agreement, however, being made without referring to China the matters under discussion, has naturally led Dr. 'Vellington Ku, China's Minister at Washington, to send a solemn protest against such a settlement of his country's affairs.

How, then, will this cloud affect the missionary work of American churches? We believe that the conditions enumerated emphasize, rather than destroy, the possibilities of missionary influence in China. Diplomats and promoters of foreign financial and mining interests, always distrusted in that country, are now more than ever open to suspicion. But the men representating the financial and political interests of alien nations are rarely seen outside of the treaty port" and capitals of the Republic, while in nearly a thousand other cities and towns Christian

missionaries are living their self-sacrificing lives in close touch with the Chinese, and are ministering to the people through 4,082 organized churches, 5, 136 educational institutions, and 651 hospitals and dispensa- ries. Half of the 5,750 men and women engaged in this ministry are from- America. These living arguments .are admitted by the Chinese to offset the unchristian acts of many representatives of Occidental governments and mercantile and financial firms. Even if Christian Powers usually appear to be selfish, these Christian men and women, who seek not their own, show that they desire the highest good of the Chinese.

The Government of the United States realizes the importance of missionaries in China, as was evidenced by General Crowder's interest in the address of a Committee of the Board Secretaries of the United States and Canada who argued for the exemption of students, not theological, of military age, preparing to go to China as missionaries. He recognized that they are part of a body of men who can do more than diplomats or business representatives to maintain international peace and promote harmonious relations between the United States and the Far East.

America must bear a larger responsibility, for the war has sadly crippled China's missions and all European societies are .weakened financially and in the number of their missionaries. The recent enormous depreciation of gold in that silver standard country has also handicapped the work. The Presbyterian Board (North) states that this depreciation in the buying power of gold will cost an additional $200,000 or $300,000 for salaries and work of their Board in China alone. Never was the Republic more clamant, never· more ready for the Gospel. _It is in the "fulness of time" that Mr. Sherwood Eddy is going to China for a wide educational and evangelistic campaign. Truly this is America's day of opportunity in China. "Who knoweth whether thou art not come to the kingdom for such a time as this?"

A JAPANESE-AMERICAN UNDERSTANDING E VERYTHING that brings about a better understanding and better conditions among nations helps to advance Christianity. Misun- derstandings between America and Japan have fostered suspicion and caused unfriendliness toward Americans in the Island Empire, and so have hindered Christian work. For this reason the recent visit of fifteen Japanese educators to America and their cordial reception, the Economic Mission of nine men and a Parliamentary Mission as well as the mission of Viscount Ishii and the successful result of his conference with the State Department at Washington, have a distinct influence on the progress of Christianity. They show the Japanese desire for the best that America can give and supplement America's mission to Japan to give them the best in the Christian religion and practical ideals of life.

MISSIONARY ON

O NE of the overworked and often unappreciated forces of the Christian Church is the missionary on furlough. Returning from a foreign land, where he has been a Christian soldier at the front, expecting to be welcomed among appreciative friends, he often meets ignorance, coldness and indifference. His appeals for the great work to which he has devoted his life fail to awaken the sympathy and do not meet the response expected. If he is in demand as a speaker, he has little time for study, for needed rest and refreshment with friends and family. Nights are spent on trains; days are devoted to meetings, large and small; the financial allowance is inadequate to meet high prices and he too often is relieved when the time comes to return to the fronta wiser but a disappointed man. Not all of these heroes and heroines from the front have such an experience, but many have, especially if they have not large personal magnetism and a repertoire of thrilling narratives. An excellent list of suggestions is given in All the World, by Rev.

Wm. P. Schell and others, to those who invite missionaries to visit their churches and societies.

1. Rejoice at the prospect of his coming. Expect great things and prepare for them. .

2. Advertise his coming widely and enthusiastically. Be sure to have the ll1eeting place cheerful and the program well planned.

3. Pray-individually and collectively-for large and definite results, and work for them.

4. Meet him at the station on time and provide for his comfort, but do not entertain him too strenu;usly.

5. Invite the missionary committee, or leading members of the church, to meet him. Ask him to meet missionary volunteers.

6. Introduce him to those who are not interested but should be, and tell them definite facts about him in a way to help him make a good impression.

7. Give the missionary plenty of time to speak. If he uses a stereopticon, do not expect him to bring it or operate it.

8. Introduce him to the Sunday-school and young people, and if he can talk interestingly to them, give him an- opportunity.

9. Ask him for suggestions and follow them as far as possible. Be ready to receive as much help as you can.

10. Before he leaves, look after his traveling expenses, tactfully give him some additional financial acknowledgment of his services and, if possible, help the work to which he is devoting his life. Do not embarrass him by taking up an offering for his expenses in his presence.

When the missionary leaves, do not let the matter drop. Follow up the impressions of the visit. These are things you would do for a

speaker of note, or for a soldier of the State from the battle front. Why not be as interested and intelligent in regard to the campaign of the King of kings and as courteous toward a Christian soldier of the Kingdom of God?

THE VALUE OF MISSIONARY INFLUENCE T HERE was a time when missionaries were looked upon by diplo- mats and statesmen as trouble-makers or as visionaries. Young Men's Christian Association workers were often considered weak and a negligible influence in large undertakings. Today the Christian forces are recognized more than ever before as a power in national and international affairs. Some have indeed objected to the exemption of mis- sionaries and Y. M. C. A. men from the draft, but those best informed see that the work these men are doing is as important as that of those in the army, the navy or the munition factories. The missionaries in Turkey, Persia and Egypt have been an incalculable force for the preservation of life and for maintaining the principles of Christian democracy for which America is fighting. In China they continue to be, as in the past, true soldiers of a better order of things, interpreting American ideals to the Chinese multitudes and helping to enlist the nation on the side of justice and humanity. In Japan the missionaries are perhaps the greatest factor in cementing international friendship, and in India and Africa they have been an incalculable blessing to Great Britain.

In all of these lands the missionaries have not only taught people of many races the truth but they have also been the trainers of leaders of the present generation. Who can estimate the extent of the influence of such missionaries as William Carey or Bishop Valpy French in India in the past or of Bishop Azariah and Dr. Bannerji today? Such men as Sherwood Eddy and C. T. Wang in China are worth more than diplo- mats and a regiment of soldiers. William Shedd and Dr. Packard in Persia saved numberless lives and have had more influence with the authorities than many professional diplomats. W. W. Peet has probably been the largest human factor in the preservation of the remnant of the Armenian nation.

So it has been in every land-the missionaries have been the greatest asset in the creation of a better understanding among different races and governments, the greatest trainers of coming leaders of the right sort among plastic peoples; the most diligent students and interpreters of divers languages and thought; the ones who have developed industries and the demand for the best things offered by civilization. They have also taught the Christian principles of righteousness, peace and good-will among men and of man's responsibility to God and dependence on Him. It is time that we recognized the prime importance of spiritual forces.

Through the War

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK F OUR great mission fields have been included in the actual area of the war. The tides of battle rolled to and fro over each of the three great African Colonies of Germany-German Southwest Africa, German East Africa and German West Africa or Cameroun. Some years before the war, a British writer in a striking article pictured the possibility of a future battle between European powers on the great African lakes, watched in confused alarm by the African people. Sooner than he knew his imagining came true. In mission station after mission statiqn appalled African Christians heard the tumult of war and saw the African tribes armed against one another in a conflict whose causes lay thousands of miles away.

The second field included in the actual war area was the Province of Shantung in China, where, in order to make the Pacific safe for the ships of the Allies, Japan wrested from Germany the harbor of Kiao Chou Bay and the city of Tsing Tau and the claims which Germany had extended into the Province of Shantung.

The third mission field affected was the Turkish Empire, where the British armies now moving northwest from Bagdad and northward through Palestine are traversing the scenes of the Old and the New Testaments, the machine guns pattering today in those very fields "over whose acres walked those blessed feet which 1900 years ago were nailed for our advantage to the cruel tree."

The fourth mission field harassed by the war is Persia. The armies of Russia or Turkey, or both, have held every mission station in Western Persia, and some of these stations have changed hands three or four times during the war. In each one of these four fields the mission work has gone on without the p~anent abandonment of a single mission station and in most of these stations missionaries are at their work today as though there had been no war. In some of the African stations the largest Christian congregations assemble that can be found anywhere in the world. In the midst of upheaval and change one force which has held steadily on its way has been the force of Christian mISSIOns.

The mor~ important question, however, is as to the influence of the war during the year that has gone by on the mind of the non-Christian people. Has the war sealed the thought of Asia and Africa against Christianity as a Western religion, destroyed by the breakdown of Western industrial civilization? Not so. The men of Asia and Africa are able to make distinctions as well as we. As Prince Damrong said to us in Siam, "Do not fear that we think Christianity is responsible for

the war. We understand perfectly well that it is not Christianity which has failed, but the Western nations, and that if only peoples of the West had practiced the precepts of Christ there would have been no such awful struggle." What Christ came to do, what spirit and message the missionaries bear from Him to the world, is clearer to the minds of the non-Christian peoples today than it was a year ago.

The year has seen an appalling financial burden laid upon missions as a result of the increase in the price of silver. This increase is due to many causes-to a diminution in the output of silver from the mines, to the immense increase of other forms of currency, increasing thereby the proportionate value of silver j to the hoarding of silver in India and China and the great demand for silver for currency in these lands and for the Chinese and Indians involved in the war; to the decrease of trade. diminishing the demand for exchange on the West. The result has been the advance in the price of the silver currency of lands like China where the Mexican dollar has nearly doubled in value, and in Persia where the Toman has more than doubled. Now the Rupee in India and the Yen in Japan have also advanced. Some mission boards have had to appeaL to their constituencies for additional contributions of over half a million dollars merely to provide for the depreciation in the silver purchasing power of American money. If the price of silver continues to increase, this situation will become yet more difficult.

But there are deeper aspects than these in which the year that has gone by has brought to light the significance of the missionary enterprise as affected by the great war.

In a day, and against the background, of disorder and destruction, we see Christian missions as a great, peaceable and constructive agency of equalization, transformation and freedom. The American people believe that the war in which they have become involved is a righteous and necessary war. But war can never be anything else than destruction, the wiping out of wrong and the tearing down of false power, and never in human history was there such a titanic work of destruction going on as now. If the billions of dollars a.the millions of men engulfed in the war could only have been devoted to the great processes of human progress, we could have lifted humanity forward in this decade by the sheer leap of a century. This may not now be. But it is against all this inevitable shadow that we see more clearly than ever the honor and glory of the missionary ideal and its work of unselfish and creative love. "I confess," said Sir James Meston, the Lieutenant Governor of the United Provinces, at the opening of some new buildings of the Department of Agriculture in the Ewing Christian College at Alla~abad, India, "that after I have been here and spent an hour on the farm, I always go away seeing visions. I see a vision of a very different India from what we have now-of an India in which the whole countryside has been metamorphosed by agricultural skill and science; in which its rustic people are comfortable, in which the land is immune from the

ravages of famine, in which the ground is producing three, four, five, six times what it produces now j and as.a correlative to that I see a vision of the great towns, busy with the hum of looms and a purr of electric machinery, which I hope means smokeless chimneys, turning out the comforts and luxuries which a prosperous countryside will require. It is a vision of the future of a great and prosperous country striding forward to higher things."

War can not work a transformation like this. It can be wrought only by the constructive ministries of good-will. In the very darkest hours of this war and the most cruel places of the earth we have seen the missionaries accomplishing these ministries. At the meeting of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, on October 22nd, the Board looked upon the vivid symbol of them when a faded and frayed American flag was presented to it with the following letter: Gentlemen: American missionaries in the foreign field love the American flag; no less has the American flag cause for gratitude- to American missionaries in distant fields.

The-American flag is honored in the Orient-an honor due in no small degree to the missionary's influence; and, on the other hand, many American missionaries owe to the American flag their lives and the lives of many natives who have clung to • them in times of trouble.

I have the honor, on behalf of the members of Urumia Station, to present to you If well-worn flag which was graciously used of God in defending the rights of the weak and defenseless in Urumia, Persia, during a time of great turmoil.

This flag was hoisted over the gateway leading to the main compound of your Mission Station in the City of Urumia (West Persia Mission) soon after the evacuation of the city by the Russian Army on January 2, 1915, and before the entrance into the city of the Kurdish vanguards of the Turkish Army on January 4, 1915. It thereafter flew uninterruptedly until after the Russian Army had re~ entered the city, May 24th, 1915, and again taken up the reins of govemment-a period of about five months. During those months it was an instrument under God's grace in saving the lives of 15,000 defenseless Christians, who had taken refuge under its shadow, and indirectly it was a strong influence for quiet and order in a much wider circle.

Could this flag speak, it would tell you heart-rending tales of sorrow and suffering, of injustice and extortion, of cruelty and death; it would preach powerful sermons on faith, love, sympathy; it would make you feel the gratitude which it read in the 15,000 pairs of eyes that were daily upturned during these sad months-a gratitude which is alive today, toward God and toward Christian Amer- ica, and which will live on through generations.

Fraternally yours in the great Cause, (Signed) HUGO A. MULLER.

The flag would not have been there if missionaries had not raised it, and after all it was the missionaries and the ideas which they represent which gave the multitudes safe shelter under its folds, for the armies of its government were 6000 miles away.

In a day, and against ~ background of strife and division, the year has shown us Christian missions as a great agency of friendship and unification. The war has opened awful chasms in humanity, and its

breaches have not left unaffected the international missionary fellow- ship, but they have not destroyed it and in the midst of all the inevitable divisions of the year something of the principle of super-nationalism has been maintained by the missionary enterprise alone. The American Lutherans have cared for the German missionary work in India, the American Presbyteria'ns have helped to provide for the French mis- sionary work in Africa, and for months at the beginning of the war the discontinued salaries of German missionaries in India were met in part by the British missionaries from their own scanty allowances. And how can the hurt of the world ever be healed, the chasms which have been cleft closed again, except by the balm and the bond of a great forgiving and unifying religious faith save by the acceptance of the Christian principle of the unity of the body of humanity with Jesus Christ as its one Head? "Yes," said a Japanese banker in New York, not yet a member of the Christian Church, who had just been to hear a Christian sermon, "I believe that what the preacher said is true, that if mankind ever is to be made one it can only be in Christ."

Amid the great; influences which thunder through the world today, but which after all can only do their work upon the surface of human life, we see the missionary enterprise with a new vividness as a great force, cutting into life's heart and penetrating to the central character of mankind. There are days in human history when war is the lesser evil and when its necessary work must be done. But its influence can only be structural and not organic. It is surgery cutting away diseased and vicious tissues, but it is not, and never can be, one of the deep and organic processes of life. New ideals, new motives, a new spirit and a new and living power are needed to change the world, not a reconstitution of political relationships but a regeneration of the soul of humanity. Mr. Morgenthau discerned this and spoke of it in his tribute to the missionaries in Turkey on his return from this two years' service as American Ambassador in Constantinople. "A residence of over two years in Turkey has given me the best possible opportunity to see the work of the American missionaries and to know the workers intimately. Without hesitation I declare my high opinion of their keen insight into the real needs of the people of Turkey. The missionaries have the right idea. They go straight to the foundations and provide those intellectual, physical, moral and religious benefits upon which alone any true civilization can be built." How deeply this influence has penetrated into the world's life no one can adequately tell. In the years gone by, those most competent to judge have declared it to be the most powerful and penetrating of all influences.

, The following is the statement by Sir W. Mackworth Young, K.C.S.I., Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, upon his return to Eng- land: "As a business man speaking to business men, I am prepared to say that the work which has been done by missionary agency in India exceeds in importance all

I9 I8] LOOKING THROUGH THE WAR

that has been done (and much has been done) by the British Government in India since its commencement. Let me take the Province which I know best. I ask myself what has been the most potent influence which has been working among the people since annexation fifty-four years ago, and to that question I feel there is but one answer-Christianity, as set forth in the lives and teaching of Christian missionaries. I do not underestimate the forces which have been brought to bear on the races in the Punjab by our beneficent rule, by British justice and enlightenment; but I am convinced that the effect on native character produced by the self-denying labors of missionaries is far greater. The Punjab bears on its historical roll the names of many Christian statesmen who have honored God by their lives, and endeared themselves to the people by their faithful work; but I venture to say that if they could speak to us from the great unseen, there is not one of them who would not proclaim that the work done by men like French, Clark, Newton and Forman, who went in and out among the people for a whole generation or more, and who preached by their lives the nobility of self-sacrifice, and the lesson of love to God and man, is a higher and nobler work, and more far-reaching in its consequences."

The influence that has wrought thus in India is changing the moral ideals of one-half of humanity. In a recent article in a Japanese magazine the writer pointed out the transformation that had taken place in the meaning of Japanese words in the last twenty-five years, beginning with the Japanese word for God, into which the influence of Christianity had poured an absolutely new meaning. What subtler influence can work upon a nation than this? And it is working not only through the resistless evangelization of a changed national speech, but it is striking home ever more and more to the individual heart.

The one great lesson of the year which is to be carried up into the coming day is the lesson that now, not less but more, must all those forces be intensified and flung forth which can build creatively the new order which must come upon the earth. If, as we believe, we have entered the great conflict to check wrong, to make the world a safe place for freedom, to forward the cause of brotherhood and equality, to secure justice for the weak and to establish the law that strength is given for service, then, the forces which were best fitted to produce these results before the war, and on which alone we can rely to produce them afterwards, must not be abated or diminished now. Every worthy end that the nation believes that it has in view now in the war is an end for which the Christian spirit has wrought and must still work. No matter what sacrifice must be made, the missionary enterprise must not be sacrificed. Even though its maintenance during the coming year will cut into the capital of the Christian Church that price must be paid. The men who are giving their lives on the battlefield are not serving the nation out of their income, they are pouring out the last and utmost measure. Christ has a right to ask, in the service which alone can establish righteousness upon the earth, that his people shall give him not a fraction of their income only, nor all of their income alone, but that they shalJ lay down at his feet their very last and all. This is the word of the old year to the new, of the new year to the old.

War Responsibility

BY REV. FLOYD W. TOMPKINS, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

A MERICANS are measuring up finely and generously in our coun- try to financial demands made by the war. Red Cross funds, Lib- erty Loans, war taxes and relief work have found most people ready to do their duty without complaint. Thank God for it I But are the high ideals of religion holding us with equal strength? Are we keeping pace with patriotism in our personal Christianity? It is a serious question, and must be answered. For what will patriotism avail if we have lost our obedience to the Commandments? What will love of country do for us if we fail in our love for God? This love Christ measures by obedience: "If ye love Me, keep My Commandments."

Honestly we must confess that Americans are not observing Sunday as a day of rest, worship and service, as we should. Witness the automobile pleasure rides, the golfing clubs, the "house parties," and the "once a day"-if at all-Church attendance by the majority of Christians. In these anxious days when our brothers are dying for the world's freedom, men are not banning intoxicants -as they should for the sake of physical strength and food conservation. We are not observing God's laws of personal purity so as to safeguard our training camps. Divorces are terribly common, followed generally by so-called "re-marriages," and vice stalks unconcealed in our cities. Still gambling, betting and dishonesty are entrenched in sports, in business and in politics.

At such a crisis there is a special demand for the faithful observance of high ideals. The man of careless life and a disregard for responsibilities is always a pitiable object: today he is a traitor to his country and a rebel against his God.

What are we to do? In the first place our pulpits should speak with no uncertain sound concerning our need for higher living and thinking in private and public. People are tired of sermons which deal only with the war and its problems. Men want religion, they want God, they hunger for the words of Christ, for comfort and clear directions as to personal living. Lovingly, but firmly, let ministers appeal to men and women to show their patriotism by sacrificial lives, by high morality, by temperance and purity and honesty, for God's sake, for the sake of our soldiers and sailors, for their own sake. When our men come home from the conflict and the world is preparing for a readjustment of things, they must not find us living at home in <;arelessness, forge#ul of moral laws and of God, Who calls for noble living.

In the second place, we must make immorality and disregard of God's Day a social offense. If we can shame the man who spends Sunday, or a part of Sunday, in playing games, or "joy-riding," while his countrymen are shedding their blood for the supremacy of world-righteousness; if we can make such men feel the look of scorn and a bit of social ostracism, we shall be serving God and man; we shall be contributing to national prosperity and the world's welfare. If we can frown upon the drinking man as a selfish trifler with that which impoverishes men, we will do well. If we refuse recognition to those who deal lightly with social impurity and the marriage vow, and let them feel the sting of ostracism, we shall lift the moral banner proudly to the mast-head and help to bring righteousness. And if we shut the door against the man who makes money dishonestly, or profits inordinately out of his country's need, who raises secretly the price of needed commodities, or who is guilty of political chicanery, we win a victory in our home trenches.

Thirdly, any world-crisis demands not only manly denial but a high ideal-the highest ideal-for all. A drunkard is a poor specimen, but a man who is drunk while his wife or child lies dead in his home is a beast. The world is on fire. He is a modern Nero who trifles with purity and fidelity now. Our moving pictures, our stage, our common life, must be cleansed, and our political world must be freed from traitors today if we are to hold up our heads before God and the world. It is no time to trifle. A day of Judgment is upon us. The men who have died for the great cause of righteousness are looking upon us from the other world and wondering if they have died in vain. Christ is speaking: "Could ye not watch one hour?" Let us be strong, let us be Puritan, if you please to call it so, in our living, in our religion, in our laws; for responsibility is upon us. While the world is agonizing, we dare not sleep in carelessness, else a defeat may rest at our doors. God help us to be true to Christ and to America's highest interests in this hour of need.

Our.Gospel_Message The world is aching for a gospel, and it is the labor of the Church to present a gospel that can reach the world's most awful need, that can get dO,wn to its deepest depravity, and bring cordials and balms to its most appalling sorrow. And the old Gospel can do it! Yes, the old Gospel, in working attire, proclaimed by a Church which believes it, is gloriously efficient to meet the most tremendous needs of this most tremendous day. "God so loved the world that He gave His only-begotten Son, that whoso- ever believeth on Him should .not perish, but have everlasting life." That Gospel, preached by a Church that believes in it, a Church that is redeemed by it, a Church that will give its blood for it, is the sure and certain secret of a comforted, purified, unified, regenerated and transfigured world. In her preaching of an atoning Saviour, the Church must on her part fill up that which is lacking of the sufferings of Christ.-J. H. Jowett.

OF THE AUDIENCES AT A GOOD HEALTH LECTURE IN CHINA-UNDER Y. M. C. A. AV'SP!CES

APpARATUS USED EY DR. PETER TO TEACH THE NECESS]TY OF HEALTH TO BODY, HIND ANn SPIRIT IN ORIJRR THAT CHINA MAY BECOME A STRONG NATION TEACHING GOOD HEALTH IN CHINA THROUGH EYEGATE

and the Gospel in

A DCJCI-iption ofthe Worl of Dr. W. W. Peter and His Associates in the Public Health Campaigns t~ Reach Chinese Souh Through Thei,· Bodies BY MRS. DELAVAN L. PIERSON SOME day we hope to see China healthy-politically, socially, indi- vidually, sound. We hope to see the great land without its putre- fying, unburied bodies, deadly ill-smelling open sewers; without the shrunken-chested, round-shouldered, unkempt type of scholar; without women of misshapen bound feet, prevailing famines and devastating plagues. That day is being brought appreciably nearer by the successful .

campaigns in the interest of public health which Dr. W. W. Peter and his associates have conducted during the past three years in strategic centers under the joint auspices of the National Medical Association, the China Medical Missionary Association and the Young Men's Christian Association.

At first few Chinese seemed to catch the vision of a physically redeemed China. Only here and there public officials, outstanding men, came forward to supl"ort these campaigns. Today, however, the people themselves say, as of old in Sychar, "now we believe, not because of thy saying, for we have heard ourselves and know" at least in part.

Dr. Peter's methods of presentation of the cause and cure for China's ills follow the most approved principles of psychology and pedagogy. So naturally does he establish his point of contact, so com- pletely does he win his hearers' assent to each proposition in succession, and so cleverly does he use natural curiosity as a bait to catch the interest at the psychic moment, there is no escape from his conclusions, and yet his hearers have that happy feeling of having arrived by way of their own logic.

The health question in China is but one of the many sides to the problem of China's redemption. But this question affects not China alone, for the close contact between the peoples of the world makes the health of one-fourth of the human race of vital importance to the other three-fourths. Commerce may carry communicable diseases, as well as marketable produce, and preventive measures at the source are twice as effective as quarantines at ports of distribution.

So· en rapport with his hearers is Dr. Peter that the Chinese say that he is an American with a Chinese heart. He understands his hearers and reaches their minds and hearts not with abstract arguments, but with concrete facts made more clear through eyegate.

Hundreds of meetings are held in many Chinese centers and during

THE WORKERS-USHERS-ETC., AT THE HEALTH MEETINGS IN HONAN the whole campaign at the back of the platform hangs a big sign, printed in English and in Chinese: I HEALTH PAYS DIVIDENDS.I Dividends! That is what poverty-stricken China wants! The Chinese characters on this sign are printed to read from left to right, as the English, and this reversal of the usual order excites curiosity. Not only do the words themselves convey an idea new to most of the audience but there is soon a hum of earnest discussion over the pros and cons of the new method of writing. Some one is sure to discover the advantage, since the hand will not so readily blot the letters in writing. Often a general spirit of assent is given to what seemed at first the foreigner's blunder. This prepares the way for new conquests. On the stage, curtains half conceal mysterious boxes and charts, for Dr. Peter's exhibit weighs two and one-half tons and its arrival in a city in 38 packages carried by 8 I coolies arouses tl;1e interest of all classes.

The Chinese have never been greatly interested in vital statistics, although they do not go quite to the extreme of the Mohammedan colonial official, who filled out a statistical paper for his French government as follows: N umber of inhabitants in your district? Ans.-Don't know. No one has ever seen them all together at anyone time. N umber of children? Ans.-Allah only knows. I was not present at their birth and should not like to inquire. Condition of the water supply? Ans.-From time immemorial none has ever been known to die of thirst in my district.

AND THE GOSPEL IN CHINA

Dr. Peter found the tabulated information in China altogether too meagre for convincing deductions. The Chinese, however, put such faith in the judgment of public men whom they revere that the consensus of opinion of these men will carry the weight of accredited statistics. Knowing this, Dr. Peter usually begins by speaking of these men whom they honor and trust. They themselves suggest names, and as he lingers over their titles, their offices, and their varied services to China, he shows their wide knowledge of the situation until all are of one mind. Then he says, "The figures I shall give you are not my own-far be it from me to presume to offer an opinion-they are the best judgment of many of your honorable citizens like Dr. Wu Lien Teh, President of the National Medical Association; Dr. F. C. Yen, Dean of the Yale-Hunan Medical School; Dr. S. M. Woo, Associate Secretary of the Joint Committee for the Promotion of Higher Education; Mr. G. P. Wang, Health Commissioner of Nanking; Mr. C. T. Wang, Vice-Speaker of the Senate, and Mr. D. Z. T. Yui, General Secretary of the National Committee of the Y. M. C. A. of China. These are men whose words we all accept." China's great boast has always been her educational system and Dr. Peter calls attention to the fact that education makes a nation strong. The larger the number of educated people in a country, the more that nation will be able to produce things that other nations want, the more resourceful they will be in inventions, the steadier they will be in national DR. PETER AND HIS AUDIENCE AT THE OPENING MEETING IN PEKING . The military and police were present ill force

crises. Many in the audience think he is describing China. "Now," he continues as he uncovers a white board marked off in several columns "would you like to know the proportion of America's people who are in schools? I have the exact statistics." He touches a button and up one column climbs a red ribbon almost to the top, showing that ninety per cent or more are educated. When men in the audience call for the facts concerning Germany, France and England, up other columns climb other red ribbons. China recognizes these as strong nations and sees that the percentage is large. "Now," continues Dr. Peter, "would you like to know the proportion of the Chinese who are in schools? These are not my figures, but the figures of your honorable educational expert, Dr. David Z. Yui." Here he touches the button which releases the ribbon which represents China and la-it climbs up only a little way and then stops! Someone ill the audience calls out: "The machinery is broken." Dr. Peter sadly shakes his head and someone in the audience speaks out: "It is too true; we are wrong. Our boys and girls are not in schools. We must make our nation strong with schools."

In a similar way the reverse is shown. Lengths of ribbon unreel themselves to indicate the percentage of illiteracy in different lands,-five inches for one per cent-and poor China's length of ribbon is 40 feet long. It unrolls and unrolls, carrying conviction and consternation to every heart. This has been a real surgeon's cut, and a few sentences of prophetic balm follow-a word picture to show what a power China will be when her millions have really become educated.

Then comes the question of public health-one to which China has seemed especially indifferent. They have entrenched themselves behind a line of reasoning which has made them complacent, even in the face of acknowledged facts. "We have four hundred millions of people," they argue; "if our public health were improved, we might increase to six hundred millions and then there would not be land enough to grow rice for such a multitude. It is better that many should die rather t.han that the rest be crowded to death." The subject must be presented in such a way as not only to challenge attention and to compel assent, but to enlist the co-operation of all, from the officials down to the humblest housekeeper.

The lecturer asks the audience to mention the nations they consider strong-England, America and France ate called out. He describes how exactly the statistics of births and deaths are kept in these countries and then uncovers a long bar on which hang boxes of various colors. He says that he may be able to demonstrate that there is a real relation between the strength of a country and its death rate per thousand. 1f all these countries which they have pronounced strong have a low death rate, and those which they know to be weak have a high rate', will not that fact speak loudly to them? One little box on the right is lowered and out drop one, two, three-fourteen little skulls. This is strong

AND THE GOSPEL IN

A TUBERCULOSIS MODEL AT THE HEALTH EXHIBIT IN SHANGHAI Tuberculosis claims its 852,348 victims a year in China, and by a method which is truly spectacular Dr. Peter brings home to the thoughtless this awful waste of the nation's strength. Out of a miniature Chinese home a constant procession of little men, women and children walk-one every eight seconds, and fall into an -open grave, as a bell tolls a funeral knell. Is it any wonder the people are stirred to ask, "What can we do to arrest this procession'!"

America's death rate-fourteen out of everyone thousand die peryear. 17pey call for England's death rate, and a chain of fifteen skulls come trom England's box. From Germany come eighteen and from France nineteen skulls. * They name a weak nation-India, and from another , boX' on the left tumble 35 skulls! In the center hangs a big, yellow box which contains China's yearly death toll per thousand. "China," the lecturer continues, "is not on the right with the strong nations, nor on the left with the weak, but in the center." He reminds them that the figures are not his own, but he has obtained them by writing to men who know the country from end to end-the leading members of the China Medical Missionary Associa- tion and the National Medical Association. Then he lowers the yellow box and behold it drops out forty skulls-five more than the number accredited to the weakest nation in the series! The audience is solemn- ized, and Dr. Peter then tells them that this condition need not con- tinue. 'his in their power to shorten that string of skulls and to take their place among the strong nations. Their babies are as perfect as any in America or England; their boys are as strong and their girls. are as able to withstand smallpox, if rightly safe-guarded, as any in England or France. They assent, but with little enthusiasm, for they are think- ing "these men are paid to come here by some official who wants to intro- duce compulsory vaccination and quarantine laws. They want to pass health laws that will multiply government jobs. Ve know their game. China can afford to lose that extra number and still be strong. Little England, of course, must conserve all her numerical strength, but China" -someone voices the thought-"China is overpopulated, therefore this high death rate. No country has so many inhabitants to share their rice fields as has China." This has been anticipated and the lecturer's assist- ant immediately brings forward two large, mysteriously contrived tables, each top representing a square Ii (one-ninth English square mile) of land. Very solemnly he says: "If it is true that China must sustain more people to the square Ii than any other country, then I will pack up my bag and go back to America, and say no more to you about public health. Then, indeed, it is well that forty per thousand should die every year in China that the rest may have their three bowls of rice per day; but if it is not true–!"

Dr. Peter tells them that he is prepared with the statistics of practically all countries, European and Asiatic, and encourages them to call for several. They ask for England. He pulls a string and up through forty trap doors in the table top spring forty little wooden men representing forty people to the square Ii in England. They call for Japan, and twenty-eight puppets come up. Germany shows thirty-six; India, twenty; little Holland, fifty-three; last of all, the pre-war population of Belgium shows seventy-three persons per square Ii. While these .. All ligures in this article are pre-war figures.

AND THE GOSPEL IN

TABLES SHOWING POPULATION PER SQUARE Ll IN EUROPE (RIGHT) AND ASIA (LEFT) seventy-three puppets remain in view, the lecturer turns to the table which represents China. His audience is saying that the whole table top will not be sufficient to show China's dense population. Once more they are reminded that the figures given for China are from their own governmental census of 19 10, from the maritime customs and Ming Djen Bu, whose accuracy of judgment is undisputed. There is wide difference in the provinces, but as they call for the average for all China, eleven little wooden Chinese pop up. The thickly p'opulated eighteen provinces show twenty-three. "Ah, but how about Shantung, with its many millions?" says one. There come out only fifty-nine puppets through the little trap doors, and the audience knows that Dr. Peter has won his case. Then their least populated provinces, Tibet and Mongolia, are shown to have only five inhabitants per Ii. As a closing tableau, eleven little men, representing China's average population, stand face to face with Belgium's seventy-three-a challenge which makes the audience rub their eyes and wipe their spectacles and think as perhaps they have never thought before.

But upon what rests this national health that is both the evidence of strength and the promise of the future? How may it he obtained? A cubical, translucent block is taken up, marked National Health, which is described as a cap-stone, and must rest on other foundation stone' "What is necessary to promote national health?" Money? A bloc on which the word money is printed is put under the Health block as

the lecturer speaks of the need of money to carry out health programs. But good health laws are as important as money and are represented by another block. In order that these laws may be understood and interpreted there must be specialized education-another block. But most important of all is the lowest and largest foundation stone, which everyone must help to lay, namely, public opinion. This large block contains a little electric battery and when it is put into place and joined with the other stones the cap-stone of the pyramid completes the circuit and an electric light shines from the National Health Stone to the delight of the audience.

Money given freely, health laws enacted by the government, the enlistment of the educated classes, will not suffice in a country where the common people defeat all by tenaciously clinging to superstitions that make public health impossible. Public opinion that hides a smallpox patient in the underground recesses of an unventilated house; that casts a dying plague victim out on to the public roadway, and that waits upon the whim of a sorcerer for an auspicious day to in,ter a decaying corpse, cannot be a foundation for radiant health.

It is difficult work to set aside prejudice against vaccination and against soap and water and to win co-operation in home ventilation and sanitary food preparation. Fifty students from a government school, . who were helping in this campaign by explaining medical charts to the curious crowds, went back to their mess to eat from a common bowl. "This is not sanitary," one of them said. "We are exchanging saliva; we are breaking the good health laws." As a result they demanded separate chop sticks for serving, and a great uproar ensued in the school, which brought the campaign to the notice of hundreds more, and started questions which required scores of leaflets to answer.

By this time the lecturer has so won his audience that he can be very frank with them. A typical beggar is never hard to find in China, and one is led on to the platform, scarred with pock marks, disfigured with boils, ragged and stooped and blind. On his back Dr. Peter places a big bag containing blocks. It is heavy and the old fellow staggers under its weight. This represents poor, overburdened China, losing in the race of the nations. What can we do to help him? First, let us see what is in the burden on his back. The bewildered beggar, relieved of the weight, straightens up somewhat, and from the pack are taken out blocks labelled plague, cholera, typhus, smallpox, syphilis, tuberculosis, hook-worm I No wonder China cannot advance far under such a weight. While Dr. Peter discourses on the fine physique, the broad shoulders, the full chest, the clear eye, the strong muscles of the China that shall be when these unnecessary diseases are under their feet, the blocks are being spirited behind the curtain and built up into a platform. On top of this mounts a splendid type oJ a modern Chinese athlete-perhaps the .physical director of the local Y. M. C. A. As the curtain is drawn

HEALTH AND THE GOSPEL IN CHINA 2'1

aside for this tableau, the poor, old THE FLAT HEADED, STOOP SHOULDERED, beggar, stupidly wondering what it UNDEVELOPED CHINESE all means, and clasping his newly earned cash, is already beginning to pass off the scene. Here is a visible allegory and a pledge of China's future.

On the platform a huge lantern in the colors of China's flag, hangs by a chain of black links. The lantern represents the new China-the China which has a place in the eye of all the world. The links, so strong and fine , represent her natural assets-her favorable location on the globe; her natural resources; the frugality of her people; their untiring industry; their filial piety. Each of these links is helping her to hold her position among the nations, but in the midst of a weak, unworthy link, en- dangering the safety and beauty of the lantern. It is marked "PUBLIC HEALTH," . and the lecturer de- scribes the close relationship of good health to the advantages they enjoy, and the impossibility of safety to the nation without this lirik. While two prominent citizens on the platform hold the great lan- tern, another Chinese takes out the unworthy link and substitutes a strong one. Immediately an elec- tric light shines out through the national colors of the lantern to signify the happiness which China will enjoy when her people obey the laws of health. .

Thus, with line upon line, the impact of argument reduces the THE CHINESE FIGURE REPRESENTI NG A audi'Cnce to the point of asking, MAN TRAINED IN HUDY, MIND AND SPHUT "What would you have us to do?"

Helpers bring to the front a large, circular chart, with a revolving rim, on which appear the words: "Personal Health; Family Security; City Prosperity; National Progress"-things which China desires in' company with all other nations o.f the earth.

On this, four figures represent the scholar, the farmer, the tradesman and the government official. Each firmly grasps a crank, and stands. before his own little hopper. At a signal, the figures begin to moveeach working at his own job, but the rim, containing the great motto, remains stationary. Where is the trouble? Another chart is rolled to the front. It is similar to the first, except that the tasks of the four workers are no longer solitary and unrelated, Each puts the same amount of energy into his work as before, but that energy is now linked up with his neighbor's, for the wheels touch, and 10, the great advance has begun. All the good things named on the circle come in turn to each man, a consummation devoutly desired.

These health campaigns in China are only three years old, but in the localities where they have been held they have already brought about house-cleanings and street-cleanings innumerable. They have produced a willingness to report deaths and there is a crusader's attitude toward hook-worm, plague, typhoid, smallpox and syphilis. After the campaign in Changsha, Hunan, Mr. Wang, Commissioner of the Police, and others, raised $20,000 ($ ro,ooo gold) for a tuberculosis sanitarium and turned it over to the Yale Medical School Board.

But missionaries like Dr. Peter do not feel satisfied with bringing a message of salvation for China's body and mind, while China's soul is left shrunken and misshapen through sin. The' campaign is a sevenday wonder, and on Sunday, the seventh day, comes the climax. A lifesized manikin represents shrunken-chested, stooping, sloping-shouldered, infirm-footed Chinese with an unshapely head. The lecturer describes the three parts of a man's nature. As he speaks of obedience to the laws of health for the body, the manikin, as if by magic, straightens up and broadens out. As the better principles and methods of modern education are described, the skull cap of the manikin is inflated and his forehead becomes broad while his head is lifted up. "Now,'" say the audience, "he is equal to any task; he is ready to go forth and do a man's full work in the world."

But not so. The audience learns that there is still another paFt to every man's nature-the part beyond brain and muscle; the part that responds to purity, righteousness, truth, justice, love-the soul. All the week they have heard about the less important part of man and have rejoiced at the good news of better things for China. There is good news that is still bett~r. As the lecturer brings the message of a loving God, the Heavenly Father, and of Christ, a Saviour, brother and friend, the light of the Spirit shines out from the eyes of the manikin; man's soul is enlightened and h~ represents the full regenerated man.

A Continental Program for Africa*

BY REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS.

Corresponding Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions W HEN the American Board sent its first missionaries to Africa, in 1833, John Leighton Wilson, the leader of the party, selected Cape Palmas on the Guinea coast as a base of operation, with the idea of advancing into the interior to the country of the Ashantis, thence to the Niger. basin, and ultimately pressing on into the highlands of Central Africa, a region at that time known only through the hearsay of ivory merchants and slave traders. The vision of the founders was expressed in these words: "A chain of missions, planted by both American and English societies, with such wise cooperation that at length from the east to the west, from the north to the south, their representatives should meet upon some central mountain to celebrate in lofty praise Africa's redemption." If in our day these words sound somewhat grandiloquent, we will not withhold our admiration for the breadth of view and the genuine statesmanship of the first American Christians to offer their lives for the Dark Continent. They regarded the continent as a whole and, it should be noted, from the beginning they recognized the necessity of cooperation between England and America, if Africa was to be won for Christ.t In this connection it is interesting to find that Capt. A. F. Gardner, who made an extensive journey through Natal in 1835, and who first disclosed to the world that fairest portion of the sub-continent, in ap- . pealing for the establishment of a British Colony in that section, whic.h he desired to have named for their youthful QlI:een Victoria, urged with much force that the Church Missionary SocietY should at once undertake missionary work among the natives of the region, and that this attempt should be the precursor of a continent-wide scheme of evangelization. He pleaded for a movement which, to use his own words, "should extend the Redeemer's Kingdom from the shores of Victoria (Natal) to ·the very confines of Abyssinia."t Had these ambitious plans been carried out, the east and west line of the American missionaries and the north and south line of Capt. Gardner would have crossed in the Uganda country, which today is the center of the most promising work to be found in the continent.

One other historical reference. In 1 859, David Livingstone wrote to friends in England of his scheme of Christian colonization, radiating * A paper presented at The Missionary Conference on Africa, in New York, November 22, 1917. t"The Story of the American Board," by W. E. Strong, p. 124. Pilgrim Press. :: "Narration of a Journey to the Zoolu Country," by Capt. A. F. Gardner, underfaken in 1835.'

from the Nyasa Highlands. He stated that "visions of Christian colonies, of the spread of arts and civilization, of the progress of Christianity and the Christian graces, of the cultivation of cotton, and the dis- appearance of the slave trade floated before him." t In the cooperative movements which have grown up in our day it would seem that we are but reverting to the ideals of the African pioneers.

Two main problems confront us as we discuss a CONSTRUCTIVE CON- TINENTAL PROGRAM FOR AFRICA: the Mohammedan advance and the rapid spread of a materialistic civilization. In Livingstone's time the problems were war and slavery; to-day they are Islam and a godless commercialism. Each situation calls for a painstaking and scientific study before final conclusions are reached. What is here said is to be regarded as suggestive and introductory.

I. THE ADVANCE OF ISLAM The serious situation arising from Islam's rapid advance through the Sudan and southward down the two coasts and along the caravan routes of the interior has been set forth so fully in recent literature that I assume the main facts to be known. The facts are not challenged in any quarter. The question everyone is asking is, What will the Church do about it? In some missionary circles we meet with a pessimistic attitude. There are those who say it is useless to attempt rescuing the Sudan from the embrace of Islam. "Twenty years ago it might have been done. To-day it is hopeless." It should he noted, however, that more recent explorers and investigators by no means take this view. They do not consider the Sudan as lost to Christianity. A book just off the press by DuPlessis, the well-known missionary traveler and writer of South Africa, entitled "Thrice Through the Dark Continent," speaks in an encouraging way of what can be done to improve, if not retrieve the situation. So, also, with the articles by Mr. Roome in the Interna.tiontll Review of Missions, and the publications of Dr. Karl Kumm. These travelers speak of pagan tribes in the Southern Sudan, which for years have been fighting off Mohammedanism and which might be won to Christianity if only missionaries could be sent them. They admit that the situation grows more critical, as. the resistance of the pagan chiefs diminishes under the insinuating processes of Moslem trade and propaganda; but in no sense is it hopeless. Dr. Kumm lists over forty tribes which are open to Christian approach. These at least can be saved.

The missionary occupation of the Sudan would seem to be first of all a problem of co-operation. The distances from the centers of commerce are so vast, the difficulties of transportation so insistent and the pressure of Islam so constant that no one denomination may hope to meet the situation by itself. It is doubtful if a group of denominations t Blaikie's "Life of Livingstone," page 282.

A CONTINENTAL PROGRAM FOR AFRICA

working separately could hold back the Mohammedan tide. What is needed is a Board of African Strategy which should layout a comprehensive plan and then allocate the districts to the appropriate Christian bodies. But, without waiting for such an ideal solution, should we not look to the denominations already at work in this region for the extension of their lines as rapidly as circumstances allow? Already we have the United Presbyterians of the United States well established in the region where the Sobat River joins the White Nile. In recent years this Christian body has experienced a remarkable missionary awakening: May it not be that God is urging them to attempt even greater things than they have planned? Certainly if other branches of the Presbyterian family should join in the endeavor, we would begin to see the way out. What nobler challenge could come to any branch of the Christian Church?

At the other end of the line, in Northern Nigeria, we have the work of the Church Missionary Society, perhaps the greatest of all missionary organizations. The Sudan United Mission seeks to enlist all willing souls and churches to meet the crisis, and to this end has established stations on the frontiers of Nigeria and also in the Nile country. Between these outposts stretch 1,500 miles of unoccupied territory. It would seem to be desirable for these three bodies to get together in a common policy, looking to a delimiting of territory along the Sobat-Yola line and a utilization, so far as geographical and linguistic considerations allow, of common training schools. The Presbyterians naturally would push westward from the Nile and the Anglicans eastward from the Niger, with the Sudan United Mission workers filling the gaps.

It would be a happy circumstance if the American Episcopalians, now at work in Liberia and desiring a broader field, could join with their Anglican brethren in attempting the evangelization of Northern Nigeria and the French portion of the Sudan. The alliance between England, France and America in the present war should lead to friendly governmental relations in a region where diplomacy is bound to play an important part. The General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church conteI.llplates sending a deputation to study its Liberian work and also to consider the possibility of an advance eastward. May that deputation be speeded on its way! The eyes of the Church at large will be upon them. Many prayers will be offered in their behalf. – This proposal, together with the suggestion of the United Presbyterian Church taking a larger share in the eastern Sudan work, is the one hopeful sign upon an otherwise gloomy horizon.

Whoever undertakes this task in behalf of Christendom should bear in mind the need of establishing the work upon a solid foundation, both as to method and equipment. We must offer the pagan tribes of -the Sudan something obviously superior to Islam. Mackay, die Scottish civil engineer, was led to offer himself for mission work in Uganda by

the consideration that Islam was winning the African tribes through the practical benefits of its civilization. Christianity, argued he, has a better civilization than Islam. Why, then, do we not have the advantage in the race? Perhaps Africa needs engineers, mechanics, farmers, physicians, as well as preachers and teachers. It was upon this theory that the Uganda work was instituted. From the first, in that field, industrialism, education and evangelism have walked hand in hand. And Uganda, be it noted, is the 'one section of Africa where Islam has been beaten back and where it is in retreat to-day.

If Christianity is to win in the Sudan it must enter in such force as to furnish a compelling demonstration of its value. In my opinion, a few centers well occupied will count for more than a string of feeble stations stretched over the vast territory from the Niger to the Nile. It is particularly important that well-equipped medical stations should be located at strategic points at -the earliest possible date. The Christian hospital can do more to make an immediate impression in favor of Christianity than any other missionary agency.

It perhaps is not necessary to add that wise Christian strategy demands that the pagan tribes should be occupied before we attempt the Mohammedan areas. The Hausas, the Fulas, the Mandingoes and tribes more recently won to Islam should, if necessary, wait until we can rescue what remains of the pagan population. Indeed, the present unfriendly attitude of the British and French Governments, liable to be accentuated by the present war, prohibits any other program being followed.

STRATEGY FOR NORTH AFRICA It might be argued that similarly we should defer any extensive operations among the Moslems of North Africa until the outreach of Islam in the Sudan and Central Africa has been checked. This, however, I am unwilling to concede. North Africa is to-day one of the neediest sections of the globe. By every local consideration it should be a mission field of supreme importance. When the right moment comes, possibly directly after the war, we should attempt this problem in a definite way. There should be four strongly equipped union universities in North Africa, one at Cairo (as now proposed), one at Tunis, one at Algiers, one at Tangier. Is it too much to expect that the spirit of co-operation will some day reach the point where the Boards of Europe and America will combine in a constructive and comprehensive educational program for all the North African States? Tangier, as located in an international territory, would seem to offer one of the best opportunities in the world for inter-church effort. Algiers and Tunis would naturally appeal to the French and Swiss societies as their special re~ponsibility. Already the American Methodists are occupying these great centers, and undoubtedly they will be developing far-reaching plans.

A CONTINENTAL PROGRAM FOR AFRICA

If a program of this kind should be carried out, the world would have the satisfaction of knowing that the leading coast cities of the Medi- terranean region, so far as it may be regarded as mission territory, were equipped as centers for the propagation of the Christian religion. Tan- gier, Algiers, Tunis, Cairo, Beirut, Smyrna, Constantinople-what a "chain of schools we would have! What possible influence arising from Islam could withstand the impact of these institutions upon the sur- rounding populations?

II. DEMORALIZING COMMERCIALISM As serious as is the situation caused by the advancing Moslem hosts from the north, we must consider that even more serious is the situation created by the destructive effects of the type of commercialism which is "spreading over Africa from the centers of trade and government. Tn this tidal wave of selfishness the very existence of the African race is ' involved. For many a tribe it is a question of redemption or extinction. Are we to see repeated in the Dark Continent what already has fallen upon the aborigines of Australia? Are the tribes of Central and Western Africa to go the way of the Hottentots and Kaffirs of the South? In Mozambique, the natives have invented the expression. "Chizungu cha kupungaja," meaning "Civilization has spoiled you." That is one of the saddest phrases in human speech. The ignorant savage of the forest, looking upon his fellow who has come under the influence of the white man of the city, says of him in scorn, "He is a spoiled creature." And the worst of the accusation is that it is true. It is an acknowledged fact that the white man's boasted civilization, miscalled Christian, is forcing the savage to lower levels of vice and degradation than paganism ever knew.

This is a problem which pertains mainly to the commercial and mining centers, where the natives congregate in order to e"ng-age in "remunerative work. It is a problem bristling with difficulties and' one .should speak with caution as to its ultimate solution. The Africans need the stimulus of work. The commercial enterprises, without which the continent can not be op~ned or its resources developed, de'mand the labor of many hands. It is with the evils of the system that we are concerned. not with the system itself. How can commercial enterprises be advanced and the native not be detnoralizedin' the process? Here again I assume a general knowledge of the facts.

Three suggestions would appear to be in order: First, the missionaries and the government officials should work out the problem together. The R:overnment wishes to conserve the native workman and to raise him to the highest possible point of efficiency. What hooe have the European colonies in Africa if the native races become extinct, or even if they lose their stamina by means of the vices and diseases of

civilization? On the other hand, the missionary seeks the spiritual and moral, as well as the social, welfare of the native. What then? Let the two interested parties get together and frame a program for mutual benefit. A policy of frank understanding and friendly co-operation should be the order of the day. Why should not the representatives of government and the representatives of the mission boards hold stated conferences for the study of the native question? We have missionary conferences a-plenty, and political assemblies not a few. Let me suggest that occasionally there should be a merger of the two.

The second suggestion looks to closer co-operation between the mission boards, working in those sections where the pressure of the economic and moral problem is especially severe. This practically means the subcontinent, or the region below the Zambesi. If Islam is the problem of the North, commercialism is the problem of the South. An obviously desirable thing is a better distribution of missionary forces. The old tribal conditions, which led to mission work being conducted exclusively in country districts, are now materially altered. The men of the villages and kraals are seeking the trade centers in rapidly increasing numbers. South Africa no less than Europe and America has her city problem. The boards should clearly recognize this fact and adjust their work accordingly. Durban, Kimberley, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Beira, Delagoa Bay……..these are the inviting fields of the sub-continent to-day.

Effective strategy would appear to demand that a certain city, or district in a city, should be allotted to a certain board and that board held responsible for its cultivation. Since there is room for all, no serious objection should be raised to such a plan. If they can do this in China, why not in Africa? .

The Edinburgh Conference called attention in some very frank statements to the lack of cooperation in the South Africa field, where societies actually stand in one another's way. The results are as might be expected: confusion in the mind of the native, the building up of Ilarrow sectarian views and the actual holding back of the work. In no part of the mission field are the conditions in the matter of Christian comity and cooperation in such an unfortunate state as in certain sections of the South Africa Union.

This state of affairs is attracting the attention of government officials. Mr. C. F. Loran, the Inspector of Education in Natal, in his recent book on "The Education of the South African Native," has this to say: "The overlapping of mission stations also betrays the jealousy of the denominations. The writer kno~ of a place where one Protestant denomination stepped over a hundred miles of untouched country in order to establish a station at a place where another Protestant denomination had been conducting a flourishing station for many years. When remonstrated with by the writer, the missionary replied, 'Yes, but some of our people have gone to live up there.' The question has been brought up at Missionary Conferences, but the evil still continues. In connection

A CONTINENTAL PROGRAM FOR AFRICA

with school work the same evil exists. Complaints of poaching and even of touting are often made to the Education Department in Natal." .

Surely until these conditions are bettered we can not look for farreaching and effective plans for evangelizing the native quarters and mining compounds of the commercial centers.

The third suggestion corresponds with what was proposed for the Sudan-the adoption of a type of mission work which seeks to regenerate the whole man. Since a commercial civilization is spoiling the native-body, mind and spirit-the remedy must cover as wide a field. Evangelism in the restricted sense is not enough. The native of the city, withdrawn from his natural environment and put to strange tasks in the midst of unwonted temptations, must be occupied in his spare time. He must be taught how to adjust himself to. the revolutionary change in his life, as well as provided with the Christian motive for right thinking and living. In a word, he must receive a true Christian civilization as an offset to the false Christian civilization into which he has been thrust. The most promising efforts for the city natives are being conducted in accordance with this theory. Let us hope that their number and their resources in men and money may increase.

At the same time it is highly important that the missionary incentive should be imparted to the city converts in such a degree that when they return to their distant villages or kraals, as most of them do, they will go with the definite purpose of disseminating the truth which they have received at the hands of the missionaries. It can not be made too emphatic that the convocation of natives in centers like Kimberley and Johannesburg offers the best possible opportunity for the evangelization of the country districts.

III. THE PROBLEMS OF CENTRAL AFRICA Certain other sections of the continent, not so directly involved in the problems discussed above, demand special reference. In these the problem is not so much that of occupation and adjustment of interests as of securing an aggressive and well-planned program of advance. The lake country may safely be left to the Church Missionary Society and the Scottish Presbyterian societies now occupying the field in such a splendid way. These organizations, with the help of the smaller societies working in the same field, should be able to carry the work through to completion. .

In the Congo basin we have, possibly, a sufficient number of societies at work, but they have done little more than occupy the fringe along the rivers. What is needed is an immense expansion of the work. More- over, there should be agreement upon the French language as the me- dium of education in the higher schools and the establishment of training institutions after the manner of Lovedale in South Africa and Hampton in America. The higher schools of the American societies in the Congo

country, as indeed throughout West Africa, do not compare favorably with similar institutions planted by the societies of Great Britain. Sev- eral training institutes might with advantage be conducted on the union basis in the vast region drained by the Congo and its affiuents. So far as geographical considerations go, Leopoldville on Stanley Pool and Ma- tade, near the mouth of the river, would appear to be ideal centers for such institutions. In case -union is undesirable or impracticable, is there any sufficient reason why there should not be a confederation of work on the Congo, akin to that in British East Africa and which is associated with the now historic conference at Kikuyu?

Angola has two American societies at work, the Methodist and Congregational, both well located. A healthy expansion of their opera- tions would go far towards meeting the needs of this vast territory, espe- cially if the proposed United Church of Canada should take over and develop the Canadian Congregational section.

The highly successful mission of the American Presbyterians in Cameroun should continue its development until the region as a whole has been evangelized. Without other help Cameroun bids fair to be- come the Uganda of the West.

The problems of. the Guinea Coast and of the colonies northward on the Atlant~c littoral are many and complex. The spirit of cooperation would do much to improve the situation. An earnest missionary spirit in the native churches would do even more. Certainly the evangelization of the wild tribes of the interior should not wait long in view of the number of societies, European and American, occupying this portion of the continent. If the missionary forces on the West Coast were organ- ized to act together, with sole reference to the highest possible efficiency of their work and for the good of the continent, can anyone question that there would be a combination of missions in regions like Liberia and Sierra Leone, in order that work might be taken up in the Sudan? Is it too much to hope that steps may be taken in that direction?

In the consideration -of all these fields I have avoided discussing the outcome of the war in its bearings upon African mission work and strategy. Obviously important geographical changes will follow the .peace conference, changes which are bound to affect any program which is drawn up at the present time. I have this, however, to say:- Africa cannot afford to lose the help of the German societies which were established in various parts of the continent before the war. The German missions in Togoland, in the northern part of Cameroun, in German Southwest Africa, and in German East Africa, were being blessed of God in signal ways. They were making a unique contribution to Africa's evangelization and civilization. Their missionaries were second to none in self-sacrifice and zeal. Whatever geographical and governmental changes may occur, it will be nothing less than a calamity to the Kingdom if the Christian people of Germany are to have no further part in Africa's redemption.

New Opportunity in South

BY THE REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary 'of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America I N the present world war, South America is the only continent that has neither seen fighting nor sent soldiers to the front. At the same time she has been more peculiarly dependent on the principal bel- ligerent nations than any other continent. Her reaction in view of this crisis is an illuminating comment on her character. Her attitude toward North America is a very important matter in connection with Christian missionary work among her people. Those who have studied the his- toric reasons for this attitude will appreciate what a University professor said to me in Buenos Aires: "By instinct we hate you North Americans; by reason we love you." Instinct and reason are struggling in the South Americans today as never before.

My first visit to South America was made in the first six months of 1914. It covered only the coast and capital cities: My recent visit in- cluded eleven countries in Latin America with trips to Bolivia and Paraguay, the two interior republics that have no coast line, and the traversing of six countries, practically from one end to the other. Impressions on this second trip have not been contradictory to the first, but supplementary.

On the first trip I felt the unity of all Latin America and the similarity of the problems of each country j on the second I noted the individuality of each nation. On the first I was impressed by the irreligion ofthe educated classes, and the need for sending the best-prepared missionaries to work for them; on the second I realized the hunger of the educated classes for spiritual life, and the need of sending men capable of training a native Christian leadership to supply this hunger. Then there was a . lack of fellowship and cooperation among the Protestant forces, now there is intense interest in cooperation j then there seemed to be an indifference toward the social message of the Gospel, now we find the realization of the imperative need fQr a program of service; then there was the ever-present prejudice against North America, now we discover a better understanding and growing regard for North Americans.

THE SPIRIT OF INQUIRY I. The people of Latin America are more open-minded and are doirig more fundamental thinking than ever before. They have hitherto been ruled more by sentiment than reason. They have relied on the glorious past of the Latin race and have been dominated by the traditions of Roman Catholicism. They have magnified the differences be-

tween themselves and Anglo-Saxon Protestants and minimized the great economic and moral facts that point to American solidarity. They had ceased to regard religion as a force that has anything to do with modern life, such as they were developing. But this world war, with its rude shock to their economic progress and to much of their philosophic the- ories, is compelling them to re-think their theories, to re-examine their individual and national relationships. This spirit of inquiry, this willing~ ness to learn, this seeking after God, impresses one profoundly as he talks with men all the way from University professors to street laborers. .

In Buenos Aires a professor' in the University was giving a series of lectures on Emerson and the significance of Unitarian and Puritan 'movements in New England. These were making a pronounced im- pression. Many things that Protestant missionaries would like to have said, this University professor was telling the young men of Argentina. He told me that he had been contemplating a congress on religions that should face the facts concerning the necessity of injecting standards of morality and service into Argentine life.

He had been wanting to get in touch with some of the Protestant forces in Buenos Aires. They were so little known in educational circles, however, that he had not found a way to approach them. He had been contemplating writing to the Unitarians in Boston, inviting them to organize a church in Buenos Aires, which would appeal to the intelligent classes. He asked to talk with missionaries about work among the intellectual classes and off,;:red to guide them in avoiding mistakes by which Anglo-Saxons could easily prejudice these classes against the work.

I was impressed with the large number ~f individuals and organizations that are endeavoring in some way to serve the people. The Temperance Society of Peru, which is composed of some of the leading men of the country, is doing a remarkable work. Some of our missionaries have been elected members and are thus able to foster a program of service with the backing of these influential men.

In Chile and Uruguay I was particularly impressed with the large number of societies engaged in promoting educational and charitable work, independent of that done by the government. In Argentina are large groups, ranging in their activities from discussions in University halls to socialistic meetings among workmen on the street corners, re- vealing a deep spiritual hunger.

CHANGING ATTITUDE TOWARD NORTH AMERICA 2. In the past, Latin America has been ruled largely by Latin sentiment; her people have considered themselves separate from the Anglo- Saxons and opposed to their philosophy of life. They have held it to be unpatriotic to adopt the religion, or other features of North American life. Propagandists, like Ugarts and Calderon, have continualfy urged the necessity of closer relationship between the Latin American

18] THE NEW OPPORTUNITY IN SOUTH AMERICA

countries and the European Latin countries to oppose what they consid- ered the materialistic influence and political program of the North. The war, however, has driven the Latin American countries to squarely face the question as to where their real interests lie.

All the way down through the Latin American countries, beginning in Mexico, I felt the change in sentiment until, in Chile, it came over me with such force as to make me feel that the greatest obstacle to our work was being removed. Three years ago all I could hear there was the expression of feeling against the United States. The students of the Universities were particularly hostile. But how different this time I On calling upon a professor in the National University I was asked to speak~ to one of his English classes, and afterward to another, until I found myself giving a whole morning to the work. This was not enough, how- ever, and the invitation was accepted to give a conference at one of the big theatres, which the students secured for the occasion. The theme they wanted discussed was "How to Develop Closer Relations Between the United States and Chile." After the lecture an additional hour was occupied in asking and answering questions. .

In Pernambuco, at a. Sunday-school Convention, I accidentally met the director of the Law School that has trained the leaders of Northern Brazil for half a century. He insisted on my giving an address to his students on "Closer Intellectual Relationships Between the Two Amer- icas," whiC;h turned out to be quite a demonstration of international friendliness, with the official life of the city represented.

In Paraguay our deputation of four missionaries, who went up to this far-distant land to investigate the beginnings of mission work, were taken in hand by the National Director of Public Instruction, and our entertainment was directed by the government. This was their way of showing how deep was their hunger for fellowship with the United States.

The following editorial, published on the 4th of July in a leading Buenos Aires daily, gives one of the reasons for this change of attitude: "The circumstances in which we find oursdves today, this anniversary of the North American nation, serves to define a double edict of Americani~m and democ-' racy. This celebration in other years was occasion for rejoicing only for the United States. She could with patriotic joy stop in her march and contemplate with satisfaction the road traveled since the days of that memorable declaration. . . .

"Today all is different. The United States, by the power of that great republican virtue which is the supporter of the right, is for the whole world, not only a nation engaged in a knightly war, hut an apostle in action. Some four years ago the Latin author, Ruben Dario, was able to say, led astray by superficial observations, that the United States, which had everything, lacked but one thing-God.

"Today this cannot be said, for the crusade of the United States, and the serene and eloquent wor·ds of Wilson have a religious character, now that they intimate the abandonment and disregard of material interests in the face of the defense of an ideal.

"Quietly, without the sound of trumpet or noise, the United States has entered the contest, and thus it returns to noble France the generous contribution of that

great Frenchman, Lafayette, the American national hero. If the American stands for anything in the world and in history, it is liberty. Other peoples have been formed on account of conquest, on account of religion, but the Americans were born out of the idea of liberty.

"In this sentiment is found the unity of San Martin, Bolivar and Washington.

,It 'matters little that history registers this or that dil'turbance and this or that variation. That is the sentiment and that is the thing, that after conquering all cruel tyrannies and retrogressive seditions, has overcome all else.

"So in the awful conflict which today is shaking the world, the United States'

is voicing the word of all America, because she is on the side of liberty, She is the big sister in years and in power among the American nations. This place belongs to her and worthily has she ta~en it." , For the first time in the history of a South American nation, Brazil has openly declared that the prime reason for her taking a serious politi- cal step was to follow the United States.

In the same way, Panama, in its recent declaration of war, says that "Neutrality is impossible in a conflict where the vital interests of the United States are involved," and Cuba, Bolivia, Paraguay and other countries have given voice to similar sentiments.

The recent visit of the American fleet, under the command of Ad- miral Caperton, to South American waters, has promoted these friendly relations in a remarkable way. In order that the fleet might visit Monte- video, when Uruguay had not yet broken relations with the Central Powers, the government promulgated a special decree, which will no doubt be of great interest in future international relationships in Amer- ica: "It is hereby declared that no American nation will be considered as a belligerent which is in a state of war in defense of its rights against countries outside of this continent." , It was my privilege to be in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina during 'the American fleet's visit and witness one of the most remarkable recep- tions that it ever received in any waters. In Montevideo the whole city was given up to its entertainment. A remarkable meeting was held at the Young Men's Christian Association Headquarters, lasting nearly 'four hours. The Dean of the Literati of Uruguay, Dr. Juan 'Zorilla de San Martin, said in speaking to our boys: "We love the United States as a great collectivity; we love you as citizens of the United States, but we want you to understand that we love you as individuals. We talk of our common mother-Democracy; there is some one else still dearer to us-our common Father." Then, leaving the interpreter, he repeated the Lord's Prayer in charming broken English. Dr. Zorilla is one of the leaders of the Catholic party in Uruguay, and such a man, speaking such sentiments on the platform of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, is significant of a new day in South America. The work of the Association in receiving the men was so greatly appreciated that in a building campaign, launched a few weeks later, they raised more than $roo,ooo, four individuals giving $10,000 apiece.

Growing commercial relationships form another reason for closer

NEW OPPORTUNITY IN SOUTH

friendship between North and South America. Before the war, South America received the capital for developing her railroads, mines and other industries from Europe. She received also a large part of her manufactured articles from the same source. The Pan American Finan- cial Congress, held in 1915 in Washington, provided for North Amer- ica's doing largely what Europe had been doing before. The establish- ment of North American banks and agencies for our large manufactur- ing concerns in the principal cities of South America has had more influ- ence in promoting friendly relations than would be supposed by super- ficial observation.

The re~ent disposition of the United States to change its attitude . from jingoism to a real sympathy and appreciation of the Latin Ameri- can people is another influence that is promoting international friendship. The utterances of President Wilson in his Mobile speech, and on other occasions, have gone far to assure the Latin Americans that we have no designs upon their territory. Our staying out of Mexico when all recognized that, according to international custom, we had a right to go in has had a remarkable influence in clearing us from the suspicions long held by Latin Americans.

The exchange of visits between University professors of North and South America during these recent years, as well as the large number of students, has made one of the most important contributions to this development of friendship. Chilean students, recently returned from the United States, have given glowing reports of the way they were treated.

The outstanding thing about my whole trip, aside from the work I went to accomplish with the missionaries, was my reception in University circles. Aside from carrying a few letters of introduction and dependence on friendships already formed, I made no preparation for this. Yet in practically every country I received unusual courtesies from both professors and students and was invited to address some of the oldest and most exclusive institutions.

The constant friendly influence· of the missionaries through the years must be set down here, though I am only mentioning the things that s~em to me to have speciatly contributed to this friendship since my last visit. No man that has an open mind can fail to realize that the work of such men as H. C. Tucker, W. A. Waddell, John W. Butler, W. E. Browning, and many others like them, has an influence for international good will, impossible to calculate. Volumes could easily be written on what the evangelical schools are doing toward interpreting Latin and North America to one another. The Young Men's Christian Association is particularly adapted to this work, inasmuch as it reaches many of the influential classes who are not yet willing to have relationship with a work directly evangelistic.

THE PAUCITY OF RELIGIOUS WORK Every observing traveler visiting Latin America notices the geileraI lack of interest in religion. A book could be filled with quotations from Latin Americans referring to the same matter. The educated classes of Latin America have abandoned the only form of Christianity that they have ever known and are fast becoming a people without religion. My recent investigations have been startling in their revelations as to the way the working classes also are abandoning the church and drifting into extreme socialism and antagonism toward all forms of religion.

All through Latin America the laboring men are awakening to their. rights, and as they realize that the Roman Catholic Church ha~ been in a combine with the land barons to hold them in subjection, they are developing an intense hatred for Christianity as they understand it. Recently there were posters on the street corners in Asuncion reading "ABAJO CON RELIGION" ("Down with Religion"). A young student in the University of Cordova, Argentina, a city especially noted for its.faithfulness in the past, said to contain more pictures of the Pope than any other city of its size in the world, told me that he was the only young man in the University who would acknowledge Christ as his Saviour. The Association of Liberal Propaganda of Monteyideo published a pamphlet giving a list of duties to show that no good Liberal should be baptized, married, educated or buried by representatives of the Church, and that they should keep far from the home and the family those who are called "Ministers of tne Lord."

ROMAN CATHOLICISM Even if the Roman Catholic Church were preaching a pure and un- defiled religion its forces are not in any way sufficient to minister to the religious needs of Latin America. In Paraguay, with a population of one million people, there are only eighty-eight parish priests, forty of whom are in Asuncion. This leaves an average of one priest for over twenty thousand people outside of the capital.

In Buenos Aires, with one million seven hundred thousand people, there are about fifty Roman Catholic churches. These forces are now I increasing by additions from Europe, and since the Panama Congress the Roman Church has greatly enlarged its activity.

In Chile, where the church is better organized than in the other countries, the· Archbishop reports 700 parish priests, with probably 450 of these working among the ptople. This would give each one a parish of neatly 10,000 people. There are soo churches and 619 chapels, services being held very seldom in the latter. If there are 700 places where regular services are held, that would mean one for every 5,000 people. Their forces are not adequate, even in the countries mentioned,

NEW OPPORTUNITY IN SOUTH AMERICA

to say nothing of Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, etc., where the church is not so well organized.

Sr. F. Garcia Calderon, who is known to many Anglo-Saxon readers through his book "Latin America, Its Rise and Progress," in a later and mbre balanced study of Latin American life says, in a chapter on religion: "We do not find in Latin America either an elegant skepticism, a Puritan religion, or even a mysticism like the Spanish. And her Catholicism is a limited and official religion. Weare witn,essing the decadence of a traditional religion. The church is being converted into a bureaucratic institution. Its convents attract only those of inferior classes. The robustness of creative convictions, which is the strength of the Biblical men of North America, the deep interest in human destiny, the stern sense of duty, the realization of the seriousness of life, do not disturb Latin American Catholicism, sensual and linfatic.

"In the political and economic order our religious indifference is the cause of indecision in opinions, of hatred of ideas and of immorality. . . . These different repu'blics lack a creed. Their ancient life was linked to a severe religion. The abandonment of Catholicism in democracies without moral culture means retrogression to barbarism. • . . In the United States Puritanism is the perpetual defense against the plutocratic immorality. In the Latin South only a renovated and profound faith can give to accumulated riches a national sentiment."* THE PROTESTANT MISSIONS In the capital and port cities of Latin America one is impressed with the smallness of evangelical work, but when we visit the smaller cities and towns one is simply appalled at its lack. In Mexico there are states with as many as a million population, where no evangelical missionary works. There are only 200 ordained Christian ministers, both for- eign and native, to preach the Gospel to fifteen million people-a parish for each of 75,000 souls. To help Mexico teach the 80 per cent. il- literate in her population, there are altogether 177 mission schools.

American capital has invested a billion dollars in Mexico. For mission- ary purposes we have invested little more than a thousandth part of that amount. ,"

In three of the five republics of Ct:iitral America there is no or- ganized Protestant mission board doing any work. Protestant missions support only two schools and one hospital in all of Central America. In Panama, which owes its very existence to the United States, there is only one missionary preaching the simple Gospel of Jesus to those three hun- dred and fifty thousand Spanish-speaking Panamanians.

Four ordained missionaries in the republic of Venezuela are trying to serve a population of nearly three million. To educate the 85 per cent.

of her population, or two and a quarter million people, who cannot read or write, we are supporting two little pri!llary schools with an enrollment of eighty-eight. In the whole history of this republic there has never • La Crtaci6n dt un Contintntt, F. Garcia Calderon, P. Ollendorff, Paris. Pp. 146-7.

been but orl~ building erected for school purposes either by church or state, and that was a military academy.

In Colombia, which is larger than Germany, France, Spain and Italy, there is only one ordained missionary to every million. of the population.

In Ecuador there is practically no established mission and no Protestant church building has ever been erected there.

In the northern half of Peru, a stretch of territory larger than our thirteen original states, there is not one evangelical missionary. There are ten provinces in this historic republic, all larger than Holland, where there is absolutely no evangelical work.

In Bolivia, so far, scarcely one hundred members have been won to the evangelical Church.

.Great areas in Chile and Argentina are still untouched by evangelical missionaries and only the fringes along the ocean and river fronts of Uruguay and Brazil have been occupied. There is not one American missionary society at work in the republic of Paraguay.

The greatest stretch of unevangelized territory in the world is the center of South America, including the interior of Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay. An irregular figure, two thousand miles long and from 1,500 and to 500 miles in width, would only include two missionaries. In northern Brazil there are seven states with p·opulations ranging from that of Maine to New Jersey, with no foreign missionary.

. As to our educational work one is simply appalled at the lack of equipment and provision for faculties. It is a wonderful tribute to the power of Christian education, and the sacrifice of the teachers, that our schools have been able to do what they have with such very meager equipment. At Panama and other missionary conferences recently we have been talking about universities and great colleges for Latin America. When one sees what we have now and compares ·it with what is ordinarily considered indispensable in the home land to educational enterprises, it seems ridiculous to talk of developing there great institutions, unless our people are willing to undertake this educational program in an entirely different way. Some of the school quarters are likely to be closed at any time by the public authorities. Some of the teachers have been thrust into their positions with no preparation whatever. But what wrings one's heart most is to find teachers, not only whose clothes are shabby, but who are living on such scanty allowances that they show they are constantly below par.

WORK AMONG THE INDIANS There are 3,500,000 Indians~ on the plateaus of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, including the former Inca empire, with practically nothing being done for them. Going down into the valley of the Amazon with its trib-

THE NEW OPPORTUNITY IN SOUTH AMERICA

utaries, through the lowlands of Bolivia and Paraguay, there are many more millions of Indians-no one knows how many-who still live in their savage state, with no efforts being made for them except those of the spl~ndid little band of missionaries of the South American Missionary Society of Great Britain. The people of South America would gladly welcome our help-in fact, they wonder why we do not undertake work for the Indians. It is a blot on the missionary z~al of the North Ameri- can Church that we are undertaking nothing for these poor, needy creatures.

THE KIND OF WORK NEEDED There is a holy unrest among the missionaries in Latin America.. They are not satisfied ~ith the progress of the work and are convinced of the need of a change of emphasis as to method. One question that I discussed with groups of Christians everywhere was: Given the fact that Latin Americans are largely rejecting the Roman Catholic form and that tliey have not yet in large numbers accepted the Protestant interpretation of the Gospel,what kind of religion would appeal to them?

The consensus of opinion was that Latin Americans would be m,ost attracted by a religion which placed the emphasis where Christ seemed to place it-on service, vivified through direct contact with God. All realized that the hurt of these people is too deep to· be healed by any mere soap and water, a bread line or lectures on hygiene. Service rendered must lead men to realize that missionaries are prophets of God, able to give them the Living Water which, if they drink, will quench their thirst.

Without more than a preaching program, we may be in cities like Buenos Aires, Havana, Lima and Santiago for the rest of the age, and still the masses of the people will be ignorant of or indifferent to our presence. Educated Latin Americans, friendly to the evangelical movement, pointed out the necessity of a more practical program, if their people are to be won. As a gentleman in Asuncion said: ."If you come here to found a new sect we have no interest in you, but if you· come to help us solve our educational and social problems we will bid you a hearty welcome."

Recently a young Chilean of the better classes became interested in the Gospel. He wanted to join the church and become a minister. But denominationalism kept him from a decision. "I will do anything for Christ, but nothing for controversy," is the way he expressed it to a friend.

Latin America needs a religion that will heJp solve her national problems as well as those of individuals. In discussing with a thoughtful Chilean the question of a probable uprising of the common people against the privileged classes in his country, he said the only hope he saw of preventing it was that the Protestant Church might develop sufficient

strength to bring about the reforms necessary by educational methods. It is the only hope for the solution of a large number of industrial, eco- nomic, social, moral and political problems that are multiplying so rapidly in these countries.

The Mexican revolution is going to teach our Latin American churches a good many things. Already it has driven the churches there together, forcing them into a cooperative program of service that, before the war, seemed impossible of -ealization. The last National Conven- tion bristled with suggestions ffu service to the people. The many new problems of education, social betterment and physical improvement fac- ing Mexico are making the church realize that it will not appeal to the Mexican people unless it proves itself capable of providing practical help in this time of reconstruction. The leaders of the different denomina- tions at the recent National Convention laid the map of Mexico down before them and asked what was necessary to reach every part of Mexico with a Gospel that would save in the present world as well as in the future. Readjustment of denominational territory was considered of no more importance than readjustment of the Church's program in order to serve the whole people. A united Protestantism is the only kind capable of entering these doors. It was under this pressure that a committee was appointed to study ways and means of forming one united evangelical church for Mexico.

The same need is shown elsewhere in Latin America. What the appeal to avoid denominational overlapping has failed to do, the facing , of great need, clearly demonstrated by indisputable facts, is beginning to accomplish. Division of territory, as the only means of extending our work into great, needy fields, has been the appeal that has brought the forces in recent months to such delimitation in Mexico, Cuba, Panama, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay. Whenever the ser"vice side of Christianity is strong, cooperation is felt to be imperative. The fields where our cooperative program has had the least backing are the fields where the emphasis is on the dogmatic, rather than on the spiritual and sacrificial.

NATIVE LEADERS-THE CLAMORING NEED There is no doubt that practically all of our missionary problems revolve around the one of proper training of adequate native leadership. This is the one clamoring need, without which all our other endeavors are as sounding brass and clanging cymbals. In Brazil the strength of the Church is a constant illustration of the results of good training for ministers. The Presbyterians entered Colombia a little while before they entered Brazil, but the difference in result is tremendous. Many things account for this, but who can doubt that if the same emphasis had been put on a trained native ministry in Colombia (where today they have not one ordained native) as was the case in Brazil, that the results would have been far different?

Peru and Bolivia are difficult fields, but if the Methodist and Evan- gelical Union missionaries had carefully trained a number of native preachers, would they not be able to count today more than 500 church members in these two countries? They have been working in turn for a quarter of a century and have altogether only six ordained Peruvian ministers, none of whom has ever received any training except that ob- tained by contact with a busy missionary for a year or two.

The first thing to do is to change this program into one that pro- vides training for a national ministry. If this should cost the complete reorganization of the entire work, we should pay the price. In some missions it would cost this, if they had to bear the whole burden. But by cooperation of all concerned, it can be done without putting too great a burden on anyone church.

The program for South America, outlined by the deputation hold- ing the Regional Conferences, consists of Union Seminaries in Lima, Santiago, Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo. The latter was proposed as a graduate seminary, the Faculty of Theology and Social Sciences, where the best graduates of other schools and ministers already in the work could get advanced courses that would fit them as the Church's leaders.

The Union Seminary in Chile has been organized for several years and only needs strengthening. The one for Lima should receive immediate attention. The one in Brazil is well along the road to organization. As the only one in Portuguese, and. destined for the use of all Brazil, where the Evangelical Church is larger than in any other field, it should have a specially strong course. The Graduate Seminary should be begun immediately. There is no single thing that. could be done in all South America that will so advance the work as will the beginning of a first-grade, international, union seminary, that will hold up for the ministers of all the continent a high ideal of scholarship. A committee has been working on the project, and several Boards have already approved it. The following have expressed their interest: The Methodist Episcopal; the Presbyterian, U. S. A.; the Young Men's Christian Association; the Disciples of Christ; the Congregationalists, and the Southern Methodists. * Visitors to Latin America, who have seen many government officials and others of the intellectual classes in the evangelical churches of Japan, China, India and other fields, often speak of the lack of such in our Latin American churches. One reason, no doubt, is found in the fact that seldom in those lands is there such opposition to our work as there is in Latin America. All recognize, however, that this is not sufficient explanation. These leaders can be won, if the evangelical ministers of their own blood are trained sufficiently to present the Gospel in an at- tractive and convincing way.

'" The Union Seminary for Mexico was opened in Mexico City, May lst, with three professors giving their whole time, and the following churches cooperating: Presbyterian, U. S. A.; Methodist Episcopal; Congregational; M. E. South; Disciples and Friends.

the Negroes and

Dr. Frissell's Twenty-Five Years at Hampton Institute BY WM. ANTHONY AERY, HAMPTON INSTITUTE, VIRGINIA Dr. Hoilis B. Frissell, 'Who died at Whitefield, New Hampshire, on August 5, 1917, 'Was born at Amenia, N. Y., on July 14, 1851. He was graduated from Phil- lips Andover in 1869 and five years later from Yale College. After studying Theology at Union Theological Seminary he 'was ordained in the Presbyterian Ministry in 1880. He immediately accepted the post of Chaplain of Hampton Institute and after the death of General Armstrong, thirteen years later, Mr. Fissel! 'Was elected Principal of the Institute and held that office from 1893 until his death. In all, he 'Was connected 'With Hampton for thirty-seven years.

W HEN General Samuel C. Armstrong, the founder of Hampton Institute, ?ied in 1893, the tr~st~es immediately elected Ho~lis Burke Fnssell as the new prmc1pal. There was no questlOn about the fitness of the "Chaplain-Vice-Principal-Assistant Treasurer," (all of which offices Mr. Frissell held at the same time). With loyal devotion and efficient service had "Chaplain" Frissell long carried a large share of General Armstrong's load.

At that time Hampton had to raise annually for current expenses by public subscription $75,000 above the amount received from students and student labor. In 1917 the amount needed "annually above regular income" was $135,000.

In 1893 Hampton was asking for "an Endowment Fund of at least a million dollars" j in 1917 the trustees expressed the need of a four million endowment.

When Dr. Frissell became principal, the Hampton enrollment included 647 boarders and 370 in the Whittier Training School-a total of 1017 boys and girls in training. Today the enrollment includes 934 boarders; 446 in .the Whittier Training School; and 458 in the Summer School-a total of 1838, a gain of 80 per cent over the enrollment in 18 93.

In 1893 Hampton graduates numbered 825; while in I917 there were over :2000 graduates and 7500 former students.

In one of his annual reports to the trustees, Dr. Frissell said that in order to carry out the educational plan which General Armstrong had in mind, adequate equipment was necessary. The school started with only an old, worn-out plantation, with its "Big House" and grist mill, and the few hospital barracks left by the Union soldiers after the Civil War. Now the Institute grounds have become an attractive industrial village with one hundred forty buildings. Land has been reclaimed, and numerous trees and shrubs have been planted. The development of the school grounds has had an important part in the education of the students. They have made the roads and the concrete walks. They have planted and trimmed the trees and shrubs. They have constructed the buildings and have felt pride and pleasure and found education and profit in their work.

In 1896 the Armstrong-Slater Memorial Trade School was opened.

Here four-year courses are offered in Blacksmithing, Bricklaying and Plastering, Cabinetmaking, Carpentry, Machine Work, Painting, Print- ing, Shoemaking, Steamfitting and Plumbing, Tailoring, Tinsmithing, and Upholstery.

In 1898 there was opened a building which houses the Agricultural Department, as well as classes in Domestic Science and Domestic Arts.

In 190 I Cleveland Hall was dedicated. The first floor is used as a chapel and the floors above are used as dormitories. The cost of this building was defrayed by the I former pupils of Charles Dexter Cleveland of Philadelphia.

In 1903 the Collis P. Hunt- ington Memorial Library, the gift of Mrs. Huntington, was dedi, cated. Today" this library contains 45,000 volumes and co-operates with all the school departments.

In 1903 George Foster Pea- body of New York gave Hampton enough money for a large barn at Shellbanks, the Hampton dairy farm six miles from' the Institute, where some 45 boys are getting practical experience in handling "about 100 cows, 300 hogs, 1,200 hens, and about 450 acres."

In 1913 Clarke Hall, the gift of Mrs. Delia S. Clarke of New HOLLfS B. FRISSELL York, in memory of her husband (Charles Spears Clarke), was dedicated. This building is used for Y.

M. C. A. activities. It is also a Hampton Trade School product.

In 1914 James Hall, the gift of Mrs. D. Willis James, in memory of her husband, was started. This modern, fireproof dormitory is now occupied by 175 boys. It was built entirely by Hampton student labor.

The Administration Building is now nearing completion.

The Robert C. Ogden Auditorium, which will accommodate 2500 persons and will cost some $200,000, is promised for next spring.

Dr. Frissell, through his nearly twenty-five years of work as Prin- cipal, made Hampton Institute "an educational demonstration center where three races (red, white and black) work out daily with a min- imum of friction, the problems of every-day life."

by MRS. E. C CRONK, Columbia, South

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of the vVomen's Federation of Foreign Mission Societies PRAYER AS A MISSIONARY METHOD DID SHE GO? Ohio, the youngest one having to drop out because of poor health. I N the heart of Martha Campbell, a young teacher in a country school, Would it be possible today to hold in lay the commission of her Saviour, "Go any other home on earth a family re- into all the world and preach the union which would gather together a Gospel." circle of wider missionary influence than the sons and daughters, the sons- Since that day when Martha Camp- in-law and daughters-in-law, through bell went back and forth to her little whom this consecrated mother has gone school the years have come and the to the uttermost part of the earth? years have gone until the young school teacher of a generation ago is the grand- The eldest son is Wilbert W. White mother of today, with whitened hair. of N ew York, whose influence as a mis- All of her life has been lived in America, sionary and as the founder of the Bible yet there is no land into which she has Teachers' Training School, is felt not gone. throughout the mission stations of every When, as a young mother, most of land. the days of her life were shut in by the The eldest daughter is Mrs. Compton. walls of her home, and most of her time was claimed by the six children, who She and her husband, Rev. Charles R. came to that home, "the uttermost part Compton, spent years in frontier Home of the earth" seemed far beyond the Mission service in Nebraska and Monreach of her life. Little dreamed she, tana, and are now working in the U nias she went about the endless round of versity of Vooster, preparing young daily duties that that home of hers was men for Christian service. a center of a circle of influence which would reach round the world. Mrs. John R. Mott is the second daughter. Through her wide mission- As each new life was given to her ary influence and through the missioncare, she consecrated that life to God. ary statesmanship of Dr. Mott, the stu- Caring for six active, vigorous girls and dents and the Christian leaders of the boys and providing for each of them the entire world have felt the touch of that education upon which her heart was set, little home in Ohio. was not a task for idle moments. Yet, notwithstanding the poverty which In China, the other daughter, Mrs. makes many mothers yield to the temp- W. R. Stewart, is proclaiming tidings of tation to take their children from school salvation, working with her husband, this mother, with quiet determination: Mr. W. R. Stewart, of the Y. M. C. A. kept her ideals for a Christian education force in China. for each one of her children ever before her, and was rewarded by seeing This quiet mother never addressed an five of them complete the course at the audience in her life, but perhaps no University of Wooster, at Wooster, other one man in America has ever stir- red as many thousands of the men of America to a recognition of their world obligation as has her second son, J.

METHODS

Campbell White, formerly a missionary most people are willing to pay. "I in India and later the first General would rather teach one man how to Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary pray than teach ten men how to Movement of the United States and preach," said a great teacher of theol- Canada. His experience as a foreign ogy. Preaching reaches the heart of missionary convinced him that the great- men, but prayer reaches the heart of est need of foreign missions was an God also. Sometimes it would seem adequate support from the home base. that we regard prayer merely as a So he returned to America to set a new precautionary measure to insure safety.

standard for missionary support. He Deeper than the outward seeming was changed dimes to dollars, dollars to the estimate of prayer of the little boy hundreds, hundreds to thousands and whose mother reminded him one night thousands to millions. Now Dr. White that he had gone to bed without saying is devoting his life to the other great his prayers. "Yes, I know it," said the need which his experience made evident lad. "I didn't say them night before -the need for trained missionary leader- last and. nothing got me, and I didn't ship. As president of the University of say them last night and nothing got Wooster he is exerting an untold in- me, and now I'm not going to say fluence in training missionary leadership. them tonight and, jf nothing gets me Five grandsons are in missionary and then, I'm never going to say them any national servic~; John L. Matt with more." Deep down in many hearts is the Y. M. C. A. in France; Wilbert W. a childish impression that prayer is a White, Jr., with the Aviation Corps; sort of "rabbit's foot"-a fetish for William Compton with the artillery, night wear to keep away the dangers Ralph White in the Officers' Training that hover in the darkness. When Camp and Hubert White with the day is done, the weary mother says with Marine Corps. mechanical repetition, "Now children, As one by one her children gave don't forget to brush your teeth and two their lives to missionary service the say your prayers" and the little ones.

mother said to each one, "Long before through constant association of the you knew anything about it, I gave you duties, get an impression that both are to God for His service." sanitary measures necessary to produce So Mrs. Martha Campbell White, healthful sleep.

while remaining all of her life in the The Apostle Paul regarded prayer as United States of America, has gone into a method of work, a great avenue of all of the world. service. To him it was no half-hearted spiritual form, but a real missionary THE BEST METHOD OF WORK service and labor. He used the phrase First in best methods for missionary "Laboring fervently for you in prayer" works stands prayer. In counting our and classed those who prayed as his methods of work we do not count real co-laborers. "Ye also helping toenough on this first and best method gether by prayer for us" and "Strive to- "If you cannot do anything else," we gether with me in your prayers to God say comfortingly to the inefficient for me," besought this great pioneer worker, who pleads lack of time and missionary, of the early Christians. He lack: of every other qualification, "you recognized that his victories came can pray," as if prayer required neither through the prayers of those who intime nor any other qualification, and terceded for him, for he wrote as if prayer were a sort of last ex- "Through your prayers I shall be given tremity to be resorted to "if you can- unto you." In today's acts of the not do anything else." Prayer is not apostles, prayer has the, same primal place. Pastor Ding Li l1ei, China's a last extremity, but a first necessity. great man of prayer, who has influ- It requires time, and costs more than enced more men to go into the ministry

and other forms of Christian service to a man like John Wesley there must than any other man of modern time~ in have come subtle temptations to neglect Asia, was asked by some one who his prayer life, as we read his firm re- an marvelled at the· results of his work, solution with which he met such temp- what his method was. Pastor Ding tations: "I resolve to devote hour answered simply, "I have no method morning and evening to private prayer, except prayer." no pretense, no excuse whatsoever." As In these days of ours, when there is we go out to prayerless days of work so much demand for new methods and we can hut doubt the sincerity of our catchy devices for our missionary work, protestations of our insufficiency for the let us make sure that deep down as the tasks to he done, when we claim we underlying foundation of every other have so much to do we have no time for method we place prayer as our first and prayer. The great hero of Protestanchiefest method of work. tism, Martin Luther, as he faced the tremendous volume of work before him METHODS FOR PRAYER IN OUR said, "I am so busy now that if I did not spend two or three hours each day INDIVIDUAL LIVES in prayer I could not get through the A boy who went to carry an im- day."

portant message for his father, was late A missionary who has lived a life of and hurried off to the task as fast as power in Africa was asked the secret he could. Breathless and exhausted he of that power. As h~ stood in the reached his destination; then he gasp- midst of the little prayer group at a ed "Oh, I was in such a hurry I for- Summer Conference, those around him got to get the message I came to bring." almost saw a halo on his head. They In the busy whirl of our lives many of fancied he lived far above the petty anus are rushing out to the task to which noyances of their daily lives. They we have consecrated ourselves-the car- were brought down to an every day rying of His messages-without tarrying earth when he told them that his secret awhile to get the message ere we go, was an alarm clock. Said he "When without interceding for the work ere I first went to Africa the great rush of we face it. If our missionary workers duties and opportunities fairly overwould determine upon prayer as their whelmed me. Early and late calls chief method of work what could we came and knocks sounded at my door. not accomplish? Many of us who have Every night I went to bed utterly exan impulse to give prayer a definite time hausted. In the morning when I woke and place in our lives "fall away" be- I thought, 'Surely the Lord would cause we are amazed to find the pathway· rather I turned over and took another to intercession beset with difficulties. nap to fit me for the many duties I When we discover that we do not drift must face this day, than that I should easily into a period of daily prayer and get up to pray.' Then I began to that it is really a difficult task to pray, realize that my work was lacking in we have a feeling that something must power, so I resolved to get up an hour be wrong with us and that unless prayer earlier each day and to spend that hour is spontaneous, and irrepressible, we in prayer. Through that hour of should not pray. We forget Paul's prayer God has wrought great things terms "strive" and labor," which in- and now there are thousands of Chrisdicate that prayer may require some ef- tians in our mission station, who do not know that Christians anywhere ever atfort. tempt to face the duties and op- A DEFINITE TIME FOR PRAYER portunities of a day without prayer." Equally commonplace and practical It heartens those of us who are weak is the method adopted by three of the to catch the veiled suggestion that even great missionaries in China, who agreed

BEST METHODS

together that they would never go to shelf and so I am used to a god in my breakfast until they had spent at least home." That great missionary to· the a half hour in prayer. They may miss New Hebrides, John G. Paton, was an occasional breakfast, but never have used to a God in his home, and because they missed that half hour of prayer. there was a method of prayer in the old Paton home, and because of the earnest CONSERVING TIME FOR PRAYER petitions offered at that family altar, the great hero of the New Hebrides re– Conservation is on every lip, yet our ceived his first missionary impulse, as days are full of wasted moments many he testified in later life. . of which might be conserved for. prayer. On the women of Arne·rica re~ts, to a Said Sir Thomas Browne the great large extent, the responsibility for our physician, "I have resolved to pray prayerless homes. Ours is a life of more and to pray always; to pray in hurry and whiding confusion. If we all places where quietness inviteth, in the could only know the peace, the poise and house, on the highway, and on the the power of the homes in which fervent street; and to know no street or passage prayer is wont to be made we would in this city that may not witness that I have an altar in our homes at all cost. have not forgotten God." Another We can do it if we will. "But," says godly man, who many times each day a busy mother, "my children go out had to walk up and down the street of to their work at different hours in the the little town in which be lived, said morning and come in at different hours "I have made that street a pathway of at night. What chance do I have for prayer. As I have gone by each house prayer with them?" From China I have prayed for the members of the comes the inspiration of a mother who, family who live there." A busy •as an idol worshipper, had been ac- woman, who has literally prayed up the customed to commend her children to walls of missionary institutions and the protection of her gods. When she prayed the money needed for their sup- became a Christian she made it her rule port into empty treasuries, said re- to go with each child to the place in cently, "I have learned to use for her house which she set apart for prayer, moments I used to waste. I prayer, and pray, so that each one went used to get impatient waiting at the out to the day's work with his mother's telephone. Now I always spend those prayers. waiting moments in prayer, first of all for the tired girl at the other end of SPECIAL MEETINGS FOR PRAYER the line and then for others. When I get on a street car now I always pray The best method of meeting special for the motorman and conductor and needs is by special prayer, yet we seldom then for my fellow passengers." call a missionary meeting specifically for prayer. A young pastor was desperately METHODS FOR PRAYER IN OUR ill. The physicians said there was little hope for his recovery. On Wednesday HOMES night the nurse and the physicians Said an Oriental student who spent thought' he could not live through the her Christmas holiday in a· Christian night. One of the deacons called at the home in America, "There's one thing parsonage and whispered sympathetical- that seems very queer to me about your ly to the pastor's young wife "Of homes in America. I have gone to your course we called off the prayer-meeting churches and seen you worship the God for tonight."

in your churches, and I have seen the "Called off the prayer-meeting for students worship the God in your col- tonight?" said she. "If there was ever leges, but I miss the Good in your home. a night when the prayer-meeting should In my country; every house has its god- be held it is tonight." So instead of

calling off the prayer-meeting an earnest throne, pious King Frederick IV becomes group gathered together for specific in- greatly concerned for the salvation of tercession to the God who promised that the great non-christian world. He the prayers of faith shall save the sick. searches all over his kingdom for mis- All of the other pastors of the little sionaries. Earnestly he prays that God town came to pray with the congrega- will send forth laborers, and even as he tion. Almost immediately the sick prays two German university students, pastor began to rally and the physicians Bartholomew Ziegenbalg and Henry decided they had been mistaken in their Plutschau, pledge their lives to misdiagnosis. sionary service and afterward go out as his representatives,-the first Protestant PRAYER IN OUR REGULAR missionaries to India.

MEETINGS On the rocky cost of northern Africa a mother spends an entire night in We do not take enough time for prayer that God will call her wordly prayer in our regular meetings. Even son into His service. In answer to that in the periods of intercession at our prayer the world has its St. Augustine. conventions and conferences, we spend a Another mother, as she lies on her death large part of the time in talking about bed, calls her husband and her pastor to the importance of prayer instead of in her side and begs that they will take up praying__ then, just before the bell rings, the training and the prayers for her son or the bugle blows, we say hurriedly and which she must lay down. The world in conclusion "Let us pray." looks at that wild, dissipated son and fancies the mother's prayers are un- Our programs of study are, planned answered, but in later years Christian carefully for each year., Our programs' Frederick: Schwartz gives his great life of prayer should be just as carefully in princely service to India, in answer planned. A good Committee on In- to those prayers. tercession can do much to develop the prayer life of the members. Let this A babe is carried by his mother to committee study carefully the needs, her secret place of prayer and consecramake prayer for these needs an im- ted to God for missionary service. portant part of every meetiHg,giving to Years afterward, Jacob Chamberlain every member at the close of each meet- sets sail for India in answer to that ing a card on which are noted things prayer. for which especial prayer is to be offered during the month, and arrange We have heard more about a for prayer circles.· mother's prayers than about a father's prayers, but there have been many WILL PRAYER MEET OUR NEEDS? fathers who have prevailed in prayer, and there have been mothers and lIlore lI-1issionaries. One of the fathers who have agreed as touching greatest needs of the missionary work is this thing they should ask. Dr. and more missionaries. Does prayer furnish Mrs. John Scudder consecrated each a method of securing them? It is the one of their fourteen children to God one authoritative Scriptural method for for .missionary servic~. One by one missionary supply. "Pray ye the Lord their eight sons who lived to maturity of the harvest that he send forth la- were sent to America to be educated borers into his harvest."-(Matt. and one by one they were prayed back 9 :3R) The history of missionaries is a into India. All birthday anniversaries record, of prayer. On Denmark's were set apart as seasons of fasting and prayer by these devoted parents. The , . +NQte. ,Many suggestio.ns for pray~r lists eldest son was a reck:Itss youth, who have been prepared. A sample blank with en- gave little promise of re~llfning to India couragements to intercession may be secured by sending a three cent stamp to the editor of this as a missionary, but while he was in departmellt.

METHODS

school in America a great volume of young messenger of the Cross on the prayer was ascending to God from India way with some great gift. She bought for him, and he finally consecrated his seven copies of "The Ministry of Inlife to God. He discovered later that, tercession" and presented one to the misat the very time he had made this con- sionary and the other six to six friends secration in America, his father and who formed a prayer circle to intercede mother had spent a week in fasting and for the worker in Japan. We quote prayer for him in India. With the ex- frequently: ception of one who died at Princeton, after having decided to become a mis; "In foreign lands they wondered how sionary, the eight sons came back to Their words that day had power; India to preach Christ, while the two At home the workers two or three daughters also rendered valiant mission- Had met to pray an hour." ary service in answer to the intercession of the parents who agreed to- But might they not mor~ frequently gether to pray that all of their children wonder why their words lack power, as should be not Christians only, but mis- day after day passes with no worken, sionaries. Before our workers in the at home met to pray? On the prayer homeland there should be always a list list of our church members should be of the missionaries needed. The Com- the names of our missionaries in the mittee on Intercession should keep this home and foreign fields, and groups list constantly before the members and should pray together for special needs daily each of "Us should pray for the as they arise. Here is the opportunity laborers needed. which comes to us to be citizens of the world, to obey the commission to "Go Fifteen years ago a speaker made a into all the world." Most of us will missionary address at a convention in spend our lives in the land of our birt, Georgia. Among the men and women and priceless, beyond all words to exwho thronged the church there was a press, is this opportunity for obedience boy, a bright faced lad who sat on the to obey. that commission. There are front seat and listened eagerly. During workers who literally encircle the globe the years that followed, that speaker with their prayers. Prayer makes a prayed that that promising boy might world-life possible to each one of us. consecrate his life to the Gospel Mary Lyon stayed in America. Fidelia ministry and the missionary service. Fiske went to Persia, yet, by her prayers The years passed by. The boy entered and by the linking of the colleges in college. Then carne the announcement America to the college in Persia, by that although he had considered enter- prayer, Mary Lyon went into Persia ing the ministry he had finally decided also. "Each day" said an earnest to study medicine. Then one day a worker. "I think of the Lord's comletter came to a Theological Seminary ~and 'Go ye' and I ask myself 'How from a young medical student, who, for far did I go tod~y.' My heart oversome reason found himself under a flows with thanksgiving that I am not divine compulsion to change his course limited to a one-country life, but that I and prepare himself for the Gospel can go to China, to Japan, to Africa, ministry. 'into all the world' each day in prayer."

Blessing on Missions and Mission- Paul says something about working aries. We need not only more mis- together with him through prayer. sion stations and more missionaries, but Here is an opportunity to link- our lives we need also that those we have shall to some of the great ones of earth and be 'more greatly blessed in their work. to have part in their work. In an Prayer can secure additional strength audience in a missionary conference in and power for them: A young mis- Pennsylvania a speaker noted especially sionary was ready to sail for Japan. A a woman with a radiant face and snowfriend in America longed to speed this white hair. At the close of the service this saint with the shining face said to

the speaker, who had sought her out in Make it possible for all of those who the throng. "'Tis not the first time are shut out from the meetings for any we have met, my dear. Many times, cause, to become intercessors, by furnish- in the middle of the night when I can- ing them with a list of things to be not sleep, I have prayed for you, in your prayed for, and by keeping them III work, as I noted ,from the papers, the touch with the work.

different meetings you were addresSing."

The same speaker was to make at) ad- A LARGER ENLISTMENT dress at Benedict College, a school for Not half of the members of our churches are enlisted in the missionary negroes at Columbia, S. C. Just be- work. Each of our missionary societies fore the meeting began, a girl stepped should have a double roll. On the one should be recorded the names of those up to her and asked if she would come 'who are members, and on the other the out into the vestibule a moment, with names of those who should he enlisted. the committee. Thinking that perhaps Copies of these rolls should be furnished there wasta be a final word of caution each member and prayer should be made about the length of the address, or some for those who are not interested. Indetail to be arranged, she went out. In stead of careless, indifferent canvasses a little room were gathered the girls for new members, each canvass should who formed the devotional committee. begin in prayer. DiHerent circles may Their dusky faces were intens~ in their work: and pray especially for the earnestness as the chairman said, "We always pray with our speakers before members assigned their circle. Some of they speak. May we pray with you?" the most gifted workers in missionary service today are there because some one, Perhaps there would be fewer disappointed audiences if there were more perhaps some one of lesser gifts, prayed "prayed with" speakers. As we are for them, then sought them with the searching for best methods let us not message "The Master is come and caloverlook: some method which will lift' leth for thee."

each of us out of the little, narrow confines of her own life, into fellowship with those who labor for Christ's King- MEETING THE NEED FOR MORE dom throughout the world. MONEY "SHUT IN" WITH GOD At every conference on methods there are eager queries "Can you give us any There are always those who are "shut new methods of raising money? That in," who cannot be present for the meet- is what we need most of all." The ings. For one reason or another they Bible has very little to sayan the submust be shut out from attendance. ject of raising money. It has much to Why should they not be "shut in" with say on the subject of giving money and God in intercession? A consecrated using money. What we need is not young worker said, "I never try to hold cleyer devices for extracting gifts, but a meeting any more without an interces- abiding principles for training givers. sor-some one who is praying while God's people have in their pockets, in I am trying to lead the meeting." their vaults and in their business all the Here opens a wide door of active par- money God needs for missionary enticipatioIY in the work to many who terprise. When we stoop to devices have felt that being "shut in" must, of which we condone by saying "Of necessity, mean being "shut out" also. course it is not the best way, but we A Pennsylvania pastor testifies that one needed the money so much we thought of his most helpful listeners is a woman it would be all right," we belittle the who is so totally deaf that she has not power and the riches of God. We have heard a word he has said for years, but who spends the hour of service in- bent our backs in freezing ice cream and terceding for him. stewing oysters instead of bending our

METHODS

knees in prayer. We can pray more definite statement of financial needs and money into the mission treasury than we opportunities should be placed in the can either freeze or stew into it. . hands of each member as an aid to prayer. A home mission church in Georgia had for twelve years tried every new device that was suggested for securing WE HOLD THE MEASURE funds. At the end of twelve years a handful of members still worshipped in There was once a great spring to a rented hall. The Church Council which the people came for water. Some met together and resolved to make the brought tiny cups, others, brought financing of the church a matter of buckets, others came with barrels.

special prayer. They decided to put Each went away with his vessel full.

their finances on a Scriptural basis and Each decided the measure of his supply to ask for free-will offerings only. A by the size of the vessel with which he splendid lot was purchased and the came, while the never-failing supply of erection of a church begun. There was the great spring continued to flow on.

never a week during the building of We get an impression that God pours that church that the treasurer had on out great measure to some and small hand enough money for the pay roll for measure to others. God indeed pours more than that one week, yet there was out, but we hold the measure. He never a week at the end of which he placed that measure in human hands failed to have enough. Now a hand- when He said "According unto thy some stone church stands on that lot faith be it unto thee." That was the and a large congregation of people, who measure placed in the hands of George are faithful stewards and firm believers Muller. God poured out the blessing.

in prayer, worships there. George Muller held the measure until Every canvass for funds should be be- his faith measured over eight million gun in pray"er. All special needs may dollars for the care of his orphans.

be met by prayer. A Mission Board That was the measure placed in the Secretary had arranged to go to a hands of Hudson Taylor. God poured woman of great wealth to ask for a out the blessing. Hudson Taylor held contribution for missions. Time and the measure until his faith measured again she had been asked for gifts to out the China Island Mission. That missions, but she had never made a large was the measure placed in t~e hands gift. Before this secretary made his of Piistor Gassner. God poured out visit, a group of earnest men and women the blessing. Pastor Gassner held the agreed as touching this thing they measure until his faith measured one would intercede to God. They were hundred and forty-four missionaries rejoiced to hear that, in answer to their sent out, mission stations opened, and prayers, a gift of ten thousand dol1ars mission hospitals erected. That was the was made. Let us be done forever with measure placed in the hands of the deprecatory introduction to a presen- Theodore Fliedner. God poured out tation of a great financial opportunity; the blessing. Pastor Fliedner with an "We have now come to the unpleasant empty pocket went out and bought the part of our program." Let us banish best house ill Kaiserwerth and his faith forever our "begging committees." Let measured out to the world its Christian us decide once for all that we will never deaconesses. That was the measure lower our standards to raise money. placed in the hands of Dwight L.

Then let us pray earnestly for the Moody. God poured out the blessing.

money that is needed and, as ambas- MoolY held the measure until it sadors with the profound consciousness measured multiplied thousands led to of carrying a message from the King, Calvary's Cross; until it measured out let us present to God's stewards the Northfield sending its workers to the needs and claims of His Kingdom. A ends of the earth.

Benjamin La Trobe of

BY BISHOP J. TAYLOR HAMILTON, BETHLEHEM, PA.

T HE Moravian Church and its Mis- with the Rev. Wetton Cox, the devoted sions suffered a great loss on the Secretary of the London Association in 4th of October through the death at Aid of Moravian Missions and he be- Herrnhut, Saxony, of one who had been came intimate with friends of missions for many years among its foremost mis- and with missionary workers all over sionary leaders. He was a Bishop of the British Isles. He contributed his the Moravian Church, the British mem- part to the success of the Centenary ber of its International Mission Board, Conference in London in 1888 and and from 1903 to 1914 was President twenty-two years later participated in of its General Executive Board. the Edinburgh Conference.

Benjamin La Trobe came of mission- In the year of the Centenary Con- ary stock and was the' descendant of an ference, he made his first visit to the old Huguenot family. His grandfather, mission field, having been commissioned James La Trobe, was a missionary of by the Society for the Furtherance of the Moravian Church in India before the Gospel (the Moravian auxiliary the days of William Carey, and later society) to the Labrador Missions. became a clergyman of that Church in Vhat he learned by personal observa- Britain. His father, Bishop James La tion enabled him to contribute in a most Trobe, is still held in grateful memory valuable way to the work of the Genby many in Britain and Ireland. Ben- eral Synod of his church. jamin La Trobe was born on June 29, 1847, in the city of Bath, England, and Previous to paying a visit of inspecwas educated in the schools, college and tion to the Mission among the Himatheological seminary of the Moravian layan mountains in 1910, he was conse- Church in England. His first service- crated bishop at Herrnhut. A serious after a brief mastership in the School illness through which he passed at Kyefor Boys at Koenigsfeld in the Black lang and the strain of travel over the Forest-was to become in 1876 Assistant fearful passes, some of them more than Secretary: of Moravian Missions in twelve thousand feet above sea level, London ~nd this first service gave an in- and along narrow ledges overlooking dication of the sphere in which his fu- precipitous gorges, told on a frame that ture usefulness should lie. After seven had been stalwart. His powers of enyears in the pastorate, he was appointed durance were sapped, yet he worked on, Secretary of Missions and for the fol- until the infirmities of age led him to lowing twelve years edited Periodical reluctantly resign his office at the Gen- A ccounts of Moravian Missions, one of eral Synod in May, 1914. the oldest missionary publications that has been published consecutively in the He continued at his post until death English language. This was the maga- relieved him and brought a peculiarly zine that furnished Carey encourage- heavy loss to the Moravian Church. ment to undertake his great venture. He visited America in 1891 and knew the entire Moravian Church. His lov- Benjamin La Trobe was an ideal able and transparently sincere and pure home-secretary of missions. His facile character, his devotedness and sterling pen pictured most vividly the work of faith served as a living bond between those whose cause he advocated. His its Provinces in this time of special trial. wide information, unfailing tact and in- His was the Barnabas nature; he was a stinctive kindliness rendered him most "son of consolation" to many, and eswelcome in connection with his work of pecially to lonely workers, with whom deputation, in which he co-operated he corresponded and whom he sought to cheer.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MISS E. B. VERMILYE AND MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN AMERICA, AMERICA! running from the great, dusty book in the library at Erfurt, before which an By Right Rev. Cameron Mann, eager yout,Jg student is kneeling to read, Bishop of Southern Florida. running down the centuries and crown- ing with its rays the head of Ziegenbalg, With purest snow thy mountains shine, translating the Bible into Tamil; ot America, America! Carey, putting it into Bengali; of :Martyn, "burning out for God" while Thy prairies teem with grain and kine, he translated the word into Persian; ot America, America! Morrison in his hiding place, turning the sacred message into Chinese at the risk Land of the oak and palm and pine, of his life; of John Eliot, with "prayer Of orchard, gold and iron mine, and pains" translating it for the Amer- Be ever ours as we are thine, ican Indians; of Moffat, in Africa; Ged- die, in the New Hebrides; Bingham, in America, America! Hawaii, and all the other missionary Land bought by our forefathers' blooel, pioneers who have found the pure word of God the one sure means of making America, America! men out of brutal savages. Vhere ever since free men have stooel, The picture of Martin Luther dis- America, America! covering for the first time what things Sworn to maintain the common good; were written in the Bible-the whol~ Our faith and hope each day renewed. Bible, not the portions read in church by Respond unto thy noblest mood, the priests-might well have a new title. Instead of calling it "Luther Finding the America, America! Bible," we might justly name it "The Forever may thy banner· wave, Modern Era Finding its Charter of Liberty." Whatever we have to~day America, America! that is better than men possessed in the Though all around thy foemen rave, Middle Ages, whatever we enjoy which is worth while passing on to others, all America, America! has come to us out of that divine book. We will be vigilant and brave. We will give all our fathers gave, We look too much on the merely Thy glory and thy life to save, negative side of Luther's work. We think of him as the giant breaker of America, America! tyranny, the overthrower of old tradi- tions and abuses. It is true that much To be sung to the tune of "Maryland, my of this work had to be done before he could make way for the light of truth Maryland!' ! I'!rl to shine out. But even in the midst of it, he never forgot the one real one- "MISSIONARY MILESTONES" the power of the gospel and the need of it in the hearts and lives of men. W HAT has 'Missionary Milestones' to do with Missions," is some- In the hour of his great defiance, times asked by study classes and a clear when he stood before the Diet and answer has been given by the author, spoke the words that tossed down from Mrs. Seeback, in a recent article. their throne the hoary traditions Rome had set up for men to worship, what "A great many people can't see that the Reformation, had anything to do with Missions. They say the leaders had nothing definite to say about missions and that the modern missionary impulse is quite apart from the reformation period and the manner of thought.

The connecting link is found in the "Open Bible." Suppose Luther had not reopened the gospel to the souls of men -had not restored to them the open Bible! What would we have to give the world if we didn't have the Book?

It requires no impossible stretch of the imagination to see a golden line of light

was the word upon his lips? "Unless The Congress was called by the Com- I am convinced out of the Saiptures, I mission on Inter-Church Federations; it cannot and will not recant!" was the third held at the invitation of this Commission. The first was at Nor was his work chiefly destructive. Atlantic City in June, 1915; the second That was only the necessary prelude to at St. Louis, Dec., 1916; the third in the great labor of his life. Perhaps he Pittsburg-to each of those Women's hardly knew it himself; we know that organizations, such as the Council of he chafed at his imprisonment in the Women for Home Missions, and the Wartburg. He might have gone on, in Young Women's Christian Association glorious disregard of personal safety were invited to send delegates and given striving in the open field of controversy, a place on the programs. and yet might have failed in the real purpose of his life. But God's hand- The basis of· representation in the we cannot doubt it-led him aside for a "Congress on the Purpose and Methods time, and shut him into that hilltop of Inter-Church Federations" is signififortress (the "Castle of Waiting," as cant of its scope. its name implies), and there, in enforced quiet, laid upon him the task which That so many organizations vitally means most of all to humanity. concerned in the coming of the Lord's Kingdom should meet to confer on The Bible in the language of the ways of hastening that coming conpeople! of all people! of every land on stitutes the first "meaning" of the earth! This is the real meaning of the Congress. "In unity is strength." Reformation. This is why you and I United, the forces of the Christ can have something to-day to offer to the stand against any foe within or withneedy world. This is the one real dis- out; divided, they wiII surely fall in tinction between Catholic and Protes- such a time as this. Perhaps never has tant-between the lands where Rome the real progress toward lI1terdenOIll,- has ruled and the lands where the Bible national harmony and Protestant unity is free. The Roman Church teaches as been more marked or appar~nt than III she taught in Luther's day, that the the discussion and reports at Pittsburg. Bible is too good to give to everybody. With probably two hundred addresses, We believe, and act on the principle long or short, during the three days ot that the Bible is too good to keep fro~ continued sessions, not excepting lunches anybody. That is the Reformation in a and dinners, which were fully utilized nutshell; and that is the essence of mis- for discussion and preparation of re- ports-~carcely a jarring or dissentant SIOn. note was heard. The daily papers pronounced it "the most notable Con- (Adapted from Lutheran Church ference ever held, on this Continent"; Work and Observer.) certainly in the interest of religious unity it deserves the title. THE MEANING OF THE PITTS- The character of the delegates gave BURGH CONGRESS the conclusions reached peculiar weight. Some one remarked that "nearly every ELIZABETH B. VERMILYE. body in the Congress was somebody." Certain it is that leaders of every sort ON October first 506 delegates-in- of Christian enterprise, and prominent cluding 25 women-from. 134 workers of all types were present and active in that gathering. "Bishops, cities and towns in 35 states, and re- secretaries of great denominational presenting 31 religiomi bodies, met at bodies, editors of religious periodicals, Pittsburg for Conference on Inter- representatives of undenominational and Church Work; on the message of the j"terdenominational agencies such as the Church at this time in the world's history; and on the other activities III Y. M. C. A., the Salvation Army and ,harge of the different Commissions of the Federal Council of Churches.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

the Sunday School Association; together could not be all masculine to the exclu- with leaders in city federations, made up sion of the perhaps larger part. of the the greater part of the membership. church's membership. Mrs. F. S. Ben- While the Congress was not large it re- nett, President of the Council f<;>r Home presented millions of Christian people." Missions of Women-tried to throw It was not really a Convention, hut some light on this vexed question of the a continuous business session. It was place for Women's Federations, in, or pre-eminently a season of new vision on with Church Federations.

the great issues, and the methods of at- The whole matter, by advice of the tainment. A Pittsburg pastor says: Committee on Inter-Church Federations "Some men have caught a vision of the in its report, was referred back for Greater Things that can be done, and further consideration by that Com- therefore must be done for Jesus." mISSIOn.

A second "meaning" of the Congress A third meaning of the Congress was was that it marked the new era of men that the church at last has a message and women consulting and then work- for this age, and desires to take an ing together in the affairs of the church. active, and, if possible, guiding For two or three years women have share in world events. All the served on the Commissions of the Commissions of the Federal Council Federal Council of Churches, but they presented carefully prepared reports have had no part in its general or ex- dealing with past efforts but stilI more ecutive meetings or discussions. At the with constrllctive plans and purposes.

meeting in Washington last Spring, cal- The Inter-Church Federations Com- led to formulate a message from the mission submitted the first report and a Church at large to a world in strife, the revised and extended issue of it at the women members of the different Com- last session. It gave most encouraging missions, and also delegates from the and promising statistics as to the forma- Council of Women for Home Missions tion ofIocal and community Federations and the Federation for Foreign Mis- throughout the land, many of which sions were invited to attend and par- now have paid executive secretaries. At ticipate-in all but voting-as duly rec- the last session the question of the com- ognized members. At Pittsburg one munity church and its value was widely of the problems of the brethren was how discussed, while the "Independent" and to link up the missionary and Com- "Union" churches were not so heartily munity Federations of Vomen to the endorsed; their distinction from the Church Federations of the men. If you "Community Church" was emphasized could have seen the corrugated brows of and the latter warmly commended.

the men who were trying to steer a wom- It was confidently affirmed that this en's luncheon into practical and ac- form of interdenominational union was ceptable channels of co-operation you rapidly gaining support and favor, as an would realize the gravity and danger of effective solution of the overlapping the problem! Even yet the danger of a problem which has weakened and sapped "feminized church" is blocking many the religions effectiveness in so many avenues of cordial recognition and co- small communities. This movement is operation. Feminized church worship in its infancy, but, in God's plans, it does not seem to have been such a men- may be the entering wedge for true deace for many years; or feminine money nominational amalgamation. The reraising, Sunday-school teaching or port of the Commission on Social Serother such lines of service, but as yet, vice was of intense interest as making to have women given place and voice the great change and advance in Chrisin church deliberations! Well, the tian opinion on this subject in twentybrethren at Pittsburg found it a bit dif- five years. Mr. Fred Smith, the efficient ficult to adjust. But it was frankly and inspiring leader of the sessions, acknowledged that it must be worked frankly admitted that when he first out, for obviously "church federations" heard Dr. Graham Taylor present and

.advocate plans for social service through magnificent work in all lines of tp.e the churches, he believed he was either Y. M. C. A. was fully recognized and insane or was threatening the overthrow emphasized, it was strongly felt that the of evangelism, and the very foundations Christian Church was in no way re- of orthodox Christianity. At Pitts- leased or exempt from an unmeasured responsibility and duty. burgh in 1917 a great body of ministers The Young Women's Christian of every denomination repeatedly de- Association made a real contribution to clared that "evangelism and social ser- the program through a paper by its vice are one and indivisible." There was delegate, Miss Rice, in which the needs no difference of opinion that the duty of and questionings of college girls at this the Church of Christ to the community, time were strongly presented. She and the social order is as certain and as spoke in connection with the report on vital to the life and continuance of the Religious Education. The insistent church itself as any relation or duty to questions of the young womanhood of the individual soul. The small company our land to-day are: "What Kind of of men of vision who first proclaimed a God Have We?" "The Meaning of this doctrine a quarter of a century Life," "The Relation to Suffering" and ago were denounced as "visionaries" or "The Fact of Death." To these ques- worse. Truly the "heretics of yesterday tions there is as yet insufficient answer. became the prophets of to-day." The results of the Congress can only The report of the Commission on be predicated and hoped for, but it cer- International Justice and Good Will, tainly gives promise of a Protestantism Dr. Sydney L. Gulick, chairman, excited united as never before for effective effort much earnest discussion as to how the in bringing the Kingdom of Christ to church can best stimulate international earth, and the religion of Christ into friendship hereafter, and even now in closer and more vital relation with all an age of hate. In close connection was the activities and interests of modern the report on World Evangelism, which life. In these days of suffering, of dark- brought the Conference to "think in ness and of uncertainty, there is no hope world terms," under the leadership of except in the faith that God still lives Dr. John R. Mott. No other attitude and will eventually rule over all the is possible to-day politically, commer- earth. cially and religiously; only a world vision, a world perspective, can help to CO-WORKERS WITH GOD. establish a world friendship and a righteous World Peace. By Susan Coolidge.

The report and discussions on. war The day is long, and the day is hard, occupied an entire day, including lunch We are tired of the march and of keeping and dinner hours. In these discussions, the real anxiety of the churches' repre- guard; sentatives to give a message helpful to Tired of the sense of a fight to be won, this age; to contribute to the solving of Of days to live through, and of work to the tremendous problems of the canton- ments and the religious and moral be done; guarding of the nation's sons, both here Tired of ourselves, and of being alo.ne; and abroad, was almost pitifully evi- Yet all the while, did we only see, dent. The discussions covered every We walk in the Lord's own company. phase of decent amusements and social We fight, but 'tis He who nerves our safeguards, the need of Christian influ- ences and local church efforts, the rela- arm' tion of Christian women in home life He turns' the arrows that else might to the soldiers and sailors in their neigh- borhood and how the hospitalities of the harm, homes can be safely and wisely extend- And out of the storm He brings a calm; ed to the dwellers in camps. While the And the work that we count so hard to do, He makes it easy, for he works, too; And the days that seem long to live arc His, A bit of His bright eternities; And close to our need His helping is.

fROM MANY

GENERAL ITEMS Britain may well note that in one yeal British agencies spent over $500,000 on A "Poor Heathen" Jewish missions, and American ones only $50,000. A CERTAIN rich man did not ap- prove of foreign missions. One Sun- A Man's Greatest Life Work day at church, when the offering was being taken up, the collector approached R EV. R. F. HORTON, of London", the millionaire and held out the bag. whose whole ministry was trans- The millionaire shook his head. "I formed by his reading THE MISSIONARY never give to missions," he whispered. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, says in his re- "Then take something out of the bag, sir," whispered the collector. "The cently published autobiography: "I ask: money is for the heathen." myself the question, 'If you might have"

Results of Missions to Jews another life on earth following this, what would you do, what would you be?' I A s an answer to the question, "Can cannot help answering: I should cer- Jewish mission work be success- tainly choose to be a missionary to folful ?" Watchword and Truth gives the low in the footprints of Henry Martyn, following statistics: or Alexander Mackay, or James Gil- mour. For 1 see now, what 1 did not "During the nineteenth century, as see at the beginning," that to be a pioone result of the Protestant agencies at neer of the Gospel, and to preach Christ work, 72,740 Jews were baptized in where He has not been known is the connection with the various Reformed greatest thing that a man can do upon Churches. These Hebrews, with their earth. This ministry at home has its children, number 120,000 souls ad?ed opportunities, its joys, its rew~rds, as from Jewry to the ranks of EvangelIcal well as its toils and abundant trIals; but Christendom. In the same period, 57,- in the ordered hierarchy of God, in the 300 Jews were received into the Romish circling ranks which Dante saw in Par- Communion and 74,500 into that of the adise, the Apostles come first." Greek Church. The total of baptisms from among Israelites during the past In Need of a Doctor century amounts to 204,540. D R. S. EARL TAYLOR describes "There is one Protestant Hebrew con- the terrible suffering in Africa," vert to every 156 of the Jewish popula- Latin America and India, where there tion, while the proportion from all other has been no doctor within reach and non-Christian religions together is only sums up his impressions as follows: "I one to every 525. The Protestant He- have traveled" among people who reprebrew converts who enter the Christian sent half of the human race, who are ministry are three times more numerous living and dying without any adequate than those from the ranks of converts knowledge of hygiene, sanitation, or from all other non-Christian faiths. At medical relief, and 1 have prayed God least 750 Protestant Jewish converts are that in some way the Church might be daily engaged in preaching the Gospel of aroused to some sense of its responsibil- Christ Jesus as their one business in life, ity for the people, and especially the 300 of whom are in the Anglican children, who are dying from pre- Church alone." ventable causes in greater numbers than are being slain on the battlefields of Those who commeot on the meager Europe. The Christian church that results of missions to Jews in the United places a hospital in a strategic center in States as compared with those in Great

the mISSIOn field is not only preparing Secretary of the World's Sunday School the way for an appreciation on the part Association, Bishop John L. Nuelsen, of of the people of a heaven which is to Zurich, said "I often think of you and come, but it is actually ushering in a of the great task that is ahead of the new heaven upon earth." Sunday-schools. It is my expectation that among the great forces, which Christmas Gifts for Missionaries make for reconstruction of the world M ORE than 1,200 missionaries re- and for bringing the Christian forces in ceived gifts this Christmas for the different countries into a new and their work through the Surplus Material strong alignment, the Sunday-school Department of the World's Sunday movement will be especially important. School Association. Each year, long be- The tasks of tomorrow are staggering in fore Christmas, a "Merry Christmas their magnitude, but we must face them and a Happy New Year" letter leaves under the guidance and strength of the the office of the World's Association in Master."

New York, for each missionary with Lutheran Statistics for 1917 whom the Surplus Material Department is in active relationship. With T HE Lutheran Church Herald gives each letter a number of helpful things =- the following table of statistics of are sent. This year the packet contained the Lutheran Church in all lands, which thirteen enclosures. First were two daily was prepared by J. N. Lenker for the Bible reading Sunday-school calendars. 400th anniversary of the birth of Many missionaries say that they have Protestantism: no other way of knowing where the Pastors Churches Souls Schools Deacon· uniform lessons are found. Our lessons esses for 1917 will be studied in the Philip- GERMANy ………. 18.400 pines and Korea in 1918. Two publishers SCANDINAVIA …… 5,957 /31,029 42,657,000 42.600 26,460 gave a Christmas musical service tor RUSSIA ………….. 1,815 each of the 1,200 missionaries. The EUROPE O,l!).} 11,402,000 27.013 1,377 total weight of each packet was about a (exclusiyeofabo1'el.. 27,960 half pound. ASIA ………… , .•.••• 73'1 3,371 7,846,000 8.281 505 AFRICA ..•.••…•.•. " 747 Letters from the missionaries indicate OCEANiCA •.••..•••.•. 301 43,000 64,573,500 81,939 28,763 special things that they greatly need in SOUTH AMERICA …. 167 3,028 185 UNITED STATES .•• 11,408 2,73;1 417,994 2,170 135 WORLD, 1917 ••••••• 41,609 1,01.5 38 522 376,689 ~.5U~ 19 17,204 23 283.~42 902 68.3<1 29,37 510,800 507 14,700,000 5,201 81,400,225 93,505 their work, and Sunday-schools and More Abroad than at Home T Classes help to honor these requests. HE Moravians were the first Protestants to declare that the Those who write .to the World's Sunday School Association, Surplus Mate- evangelization of the heathen was obrial Department, 216 Metropolitan . ligatory upon the Church. Missions have Tower, New York, are introduced to missionaries of their own denomination. been the life of the Moravian Church About 26,000 have thus been related to a and it has saved its life by losing it. missionary abroad. It had, before the war, 47,000 members in its home churches and more in its The Sunday-school After the War foreign missions, the communicants be- ing 32,000 and 36,000 respectively-an FAR – REACHING responsibilities unparalleled record. I t has had one are forcing themselves upon the American or European missionary to religious organizations of the world be- every 87 of its home communicants.

cause of the war. No one organization is broader in its outreach than is the NORTH AMERICA Sunday-school, which has a membership An Association of Foreign Missions of over 35,000,000, is found in every land and is made up of all the evangel- O N September 29th, in response to ical denominations. In a recent letter special invitations, representatives to Frank L. Brown, Joint General of a number of societies met at Prince-

NEWS FROM MANY

ton, N. J., and formed the Interdenomi- one on Foreign Missions. The latter includes a study of comparative relignational Foreign Mission Association of ions, the history and science of mis- North America. The purpose was to sions, phonetics, music, the principles of secure spiritual fellowship and interces- religious instruction, the history, cussory prayer; to open the way for mutual toms, etc., of the different mission fields, conference concerning missionary princi- and various types of practical training. ples and methods; and to make possible the bearing of united testimony to the These special courses are being taken need of a complete and speedy evangel- advantage of by some returned missionization of the world. The doctrinal aries and advanced students, but they basis of the Association includes all the are intended chiefly for accredited apfundamental truths embraced in the plicants who can meet the requirements term "evangelical," and after very care- for entrance to the Institute and who ful consideration it was decided to incor- expect to offer for home or foreign misporate in this a simple statement of faith sion service, and for college graduates in the personal, pre-millennial coming who expect to go as foreign missionof the Lord Jesus. The conference was aries and who wish to spend two marked throughout by a remarkable years in special Bible study and missionspirit of unanimity, a warm fellowship ary preparation. and assurance of helpfulness through the Association formed. A very large proportion of the Bible Institute students enter the foreign field. An Anti-Sectarian Education Most of the others are in some form of home mission work. T HE question of the use of tax money to help sectarian schools, Gifts to the American Board hospitals and other institutions has been long under debate. In Massachusetts it T HE Prudential Committee of the has been settled by the paSsage of the so- American Board for the year 1916called "anti-aid" constitutional amend- 17 speaks of the year as one of "enlarged ment by the large majority of 70,000 giving." It says: "We record the sevvotes. It provides that money raised by enth consecutive year in which the retaxation for the support of public schools ceipts have passed beyond the million shall be spent in public schools only, dollar mark. Our 107th year gives us that is, in schools under the supervision the largest total of all, namely, $1,247,- of state or town authorities. In addition, 715.99. The gain over the former year, no public money shall be used for any $40,589.45, is not as large as the gain college, infirmary, hospital, institution, we reported one year ago, but it is sufor any educational, charitable or relig- ficient to indicate that the Board has an ious undertaking which is not publicly increasing hold upon the interests and owned and under the exclusive control, affections of its supporters. order and superintendence of public officers. The committee ot twenty-five Especially do we find encouragement in the Constitutional Convention, in- when we examine the various sources of cluding men of many creeds, voted income. In three of the items we excel unanimously for this amendment, and aU previous records. For the first time in the convention itself the measure re- since the centennial period have the ceived 90 per cent. of the vote of both churches passed the high-water mark in Catholics and Protestants. giving registered at that time, namely, $278,185.48. This year we record in the Training for Missionaries column of donations from the churches to the general Board $290,598.27. In T HE Moody Bible Institute in Chi- the matter of individual gifts, this is the cago offers, in addition to its regu- third best year in the history of he lar courses, two special courses in mis- Board." Few of the Boards can report sionary preparation, one on Home and such gratifying figures. The American Board has been especially active in Ar- menian Relief.

Pocket Testaments in the Camps N ow is the time to strike for national prohibition. T HE Committee on the Pocket Tes- . tament League of the National A Negro Physician's Gift Service Commission of the Presbyterian T HE erection of the Anderson Ana- tomical Hall of Meharry Medical Church, has for its duty the supplying College, Nashville, Tenn., was made possible by a gift of $10,000 from a of camps with copies of the Word of graduate of the school, J. W. Ander- son, 'M.D., of Dallas, Tex. Meharry God, and co-operating with the Pocket College, which is under the direction of the Freedmen's Aid Society of the Testament League in equipping the en- Methodist Episcopal Church, has trained more than 2,200 persons, of listed men with copies of the New Tes- whom 1,546 were physicians, 346 den- tists, 258 pharmacists and 663 nurses. tament. It now has over five· hundred students. About forty of its recent graduates have The following items of interest are received commissions in the medical re- serve corps of the United States army gleaned from campaigns among the for service with the Icolored troops.

camps, conducted by Charles M. Alex- Negro Women in Conference ander, from October 1st to November T HE second annual Conference of Negro Women at Tuscaloosa, 20th. Ala., brought together 133 delegates, who represented eight states and five Testaments different denominations. The daily morn- Camp Visited Meetings Given Decisions ing sessions of the conference, which lasted for a week, were held in the Mills •••..•………..•. 2 612 195 buildings of Stillman Institute and the evening meetings in the Presbyterian Yaphank ……………. 6 920 85 Church at Tuscaloosa. Among the sub- jects treated at the morning sessions Dix ……………….. 8 1,000 116 were Bible Study, Home Making, Newport, R. r. ………. 4 Training of Children, Conservation of 2,600 395 Food, Amusements, Plans for Com- munity Work and other kindred and Custer (Battle Creek)…. 4 2.000 286 practical subjects. There were also a series of studies on various achievements Fort Sheridan (I1l.) …… 2 683 118 of negroes, on the theory that a whole- some and sane pride is the necessary Great Lakes (Ill.) ……. 5 1,800 253 basis for any permanent race advance- ment. Grant (Rockford. Ill.) …. 7 3,200 445 LATIN AMERICA Ft. Harrison (Indianapolis) 4 1,500 154 Conventions in Mexico Extra meetings ……… . 413 94 A very significant convention held its Jails for Rent in Georgia sessions in Mexico City during three weeks in the summer, namely, the T HE Atlanta Constitution states that First National Merchants' Congress. "Judge Ben Hill's division of the The object was given as "the moraliza- Superior Court of Georgia closed for a tion of business." The most prominent week: and a day in the middle of the usually busy fall term because there were 110 criminals to try." The court officials and attaches had only one explanation to offer, and that was the enforcement of the bone-dry liquor law. Down in south Georgia, where the sheriffs are posting "For Rent" signs on the county jails, the local newspaper blames "the slump in business" to the same law.

The Constitution points out that where the courts are still doing business, a large proportion of the calendar consists of "Blind Tiger cases," originating in illicit traffic in liquor; and it makes this trenchant comment: "It stands to reason that once the blind tiger menace is thoroughly rooted out of Georgia, crime in this State will be reduced to an inconsequential minimum.

"And when federal, State, county, and municipal law-enforcement authorities all work: together for the enforcement of the liquor prohibition laws- State and federal·-the tiger parasite will soon be eradicated." .

FROM MANY LANDS

business men from all the leading cities in spite of a railway strike which tied of Mexico, even from far-away Yucatan up the railways of Argentina for twen- and Chiapas, discussed day by day the ty-four days.

great economic and industrial problems of the country. Two organizations of A Religion of Service for Chile the city were privileged to give receptions to this body, and the Young A T meetings of the missionaries in Men's' Christian Association was one of Valparaiso and Santiago the questhem. These business men were invited tion, "What kind of religion will appeal to the building to see the various de- to the Chileans?" was discussed. The partments of the Association at work. missionaries were unanimous in their re- The man who is perhaps the most ply that it must be a religion of service prominent attorney in Puebla, speaking -a religion which would teach and for the delegates, stated that he was practice Christianity rather than preach amazed at the magnitude of the work it-presented in love. They were agreed of the Association, and that he would that it must take a new form-that this not only pledge his personal support in form should not be North American, establishing the movement in Puebla, but one better adapted to the nc;eds of but would guarantee the enthusiastic the people and, if possible, provided by support of business men generally. Soon them. Several of the missionaries said afterwards there met in Mexico City a that the Young Men's Christian Asso- National Educational Association to ciation and the mission schools were the discuss the all-important matter of re- most important feeders for the new form organizing Mexico's educational system. of religion. The spirit of service is gen- eral among the Chileans. It is not un- usual for the young men who are study- Training Leaders in Argentina ing in the Association night school to R EV. GEORGE P. HOWARD, add a peso for the "Escuela para Sunday-school Secretary for South Mujeres" when they pay their monthly America, of the World's Sunday School class fees. This is a free school for worlc- Association, writes from Buenos Aires: ing women which is supported by the "Twice a week I meet the students of members of the Association. Students our Theological Seminary to give these in the government schools also organize future pastors the Sunday-school vision. themselves for the conduct and support The mission church is not as rich in of schools for the working people, doing lay leadership as the church at home all the supervising and teaching.

frequently is. EUROPE "The biggest thing I have had on The World's Students and the War hand is a course of lectures to English S speaking Sunday-school workers in this TUDENTS of no other country have suffered so much as France city. It was with a little fear and trembling that I launched out on this during the war. Universities are empty course of lectures. The English speak- of men except those who are yet too ing community in this city is noted for young to serve or who are disabled. All its indifference to religious matters and the work of the Student Christian Move- the conception that it has of the Sunday- ment is for men in the trenches. The school is that no serious person or fully women students remain in universities matured man could ever find anything in about as large numbers as before.

in it to interest him. I am glad to say There are a good many foreigners that the attendance has been gradually among them – Russians, Poles and growing and the interest is keen." others.

The success of the S.unday-school The universities of Belgium have~ spirit was shown recently when 230 out been closed since the war. Where are of 600 officers and teachers came to- the students? A large proportion are gether for a conference in Buenos Aires, serving in the army, but the Belgian

universities were cosmopolitan, like the says: "Now, unless there is the most Swiss, and there were great numbers of straightforward teaching, the people will Russians, Poles, women from the Bal- continue to think that adultery which kan States, Greeks, Italians, South the State legalizes is no adultery at all." Americans, and even Chinese students, all of whom, as well as many Belgian Indians in France students, were driven out of the country by the war. The majority of the Flem- T HE needs created by the war have ish speaking students, naturally went to brought to France thousands of Holland, and the French speaking and coolies from India. Rev. A. W. Mac- foreign students, to England. For such millan, formerly a missionary in Gopin- refugees the Student Christian Move- ganj, writes of them: "We have nearly ment has established two foyers or club a dozen different races, ranging from rooms "for foreign students in London, the restless Afridis of the N.W. frontier one for men and one for women. to the long-haired Burmese, the noisy Hindu and Moslem of historic plains, About two-thirds of the university the aborigines of the Indian jungles, the men in Great Britain have joined the Bengali from the steamy swamps, Chrisarmy-in some universities the propor- tianized tribes from Shillong, and the tion is even greater. 'head-hunters' or weird-looking N agas, from the higher mountains of Assam. Cheap Divorce in England "Excluding the Burmese and Assam- SOME Christian peol?le in England ese, all the remainder are acquainted are much concerned over conditions with Hindustani, and I was able to in the "Poor Persons' Department of the address hundreds, night after night. At British High Court of Justice." In an one place, I spoke to a crowd of nearly interview recently, the Secretary said 2,000 for an hour. It was in a large that the Department had received dur- brewer's yard, my magic-lantern being ing the first six months of the year upon a huge beer-barrel." 14,000 applications for help to obtain cheap divorces, and the number is daily Protestant Work in Spain increasing. The applicants are, in a large majority of cases, soldiers or sail- T HIS year is the fiftieth anniversary ors who charge their wives with infidel- of the beginnings of religious tolity during their absence from home on eration in Spain. Rev. Wayne H. service. Magistrates are now directing Bowers, a representative of the Amerithe attention of the people who call can Board in Bilbao, Spain, writes: themselves poor to the existence of this "We have begun preparations to hold a medium of cheap divorce, and it is easy congress in Madrid in October, 1918, to perceive how great will be the in- large enough to attract attention gencrease in the number of legally dissolved erally. We have little to show in nummarriages when it becomes known that bers for these fifty years of effort. But the High Court will charge no fees, and the Protestant work, even aside from that the whole wretched business can be its strictly religious bearing, has yielded transacted for a few dollars paid to the 'by-product' of a deeper longing for lawyers. When the men return from true liberty, not only religious, but the war, England will be brought face political and industrial as well. Thouto face with a terrible number of di- sands and thousands of persons sympathvorce proceedings and adulterous so- ize ·with us, although ·they fear to join called re-marriages, with all the confu- us openly. God grant they may come, sion involved in questions of parental if not now, in the future, after these rights and with the denials of the chil- terrible times are past!" dren's claims as members of families. Commenting on this extraordinary and Is it not increasingly evident, as has lamentable outlook the Church Times been said, that "this work of missions is the most far-reaching, most divine task that confronts the 20th century man."

NEWS FROM MA:NY

MOSLEM LANDS "To the Persian people of U rumia : "The new Russian Government gave The Crucial Time for Armenia notice some time ago that henceforth there was to be no interference in Per- I N Turkey and the regions round- sian affairs. That notice seems to have about are 2,140,000 people-Armeni- been misinterpreted or misunderstood ans, Syrians, and Greeks-one-third of as conferring upon Persians liberty to whom are orphans, and all of whom are commit murders and atrocities upon homeless and near to starving. , It costs, Christians. Russia, however, has not on the average, five dollars a month to declared that she will not interfere in keep one of them alive. That means Christian affairs. The murder of fifteen $10,700,000 a month if all are to sur- Christians without provocation cannot vive. The American Red Cross grants be tolerated. Persians seem to have ac- $300,000 a month to the' American quired boldness from our first notice. I Committee for Armenian and Syrian declare that hereafter any Persian, of Relief for this work. That cares for whatever position or rank, who dares 1135 of this multitude, and shows what to insult or murder a Christian, or to the Red Cross thinks of this relief work. cause even a single nose to bleed, will But how about the other 34/35ths? be punished by the Russians in their own Funds are coming in to the Committee, Persian manner." 1 Madison Avenue, New York, in a steady stream, but not at all sufficient Dr. Harrison in Interior Arabia to meet the emergency. I N the original plan of the Arabian "Having saved these remnants of sub- Mission of the Reformed Church in ject races till now, it is unthinkable that America, occurs these words, "Our ulwe should let them die out by slow .timate object is to occupy the interior starvation. For their own sakes, for of Arabia." After a quarter of a centhe sake of the lands yet to be rehabili- tury of struggle and sacrifice, God tated, for the sake of the world and its seems to have opened the way for the need of these virile races, for the sake accomplishment of that purpose. A letof the Christian name and what they ter from a fellow-missionary in Bahrein have endured because they bore it, it is says: "You will rejoice with us over the plain duty of America, which has the fact that Dr. Harrison finally reo become in a special sense the protector of ceived a call from Riadh, and that he these peoples, to tide them over this arrived there safely after a ten-day epoch of destitution.-Missionary H er- trip. Being a guest of the Sheikh, Ibn ald. Saoud, his position is unique, and he will have all possible opportunity to Russian Influence in Persia find out the lay of the land religiously. It is the Vahbi stronghold, and we D URING the first days of liberty in need not expect too optimistic a report. Russia, the new Government in- The nearby Hassa may be better suited formed their diplomatic and consular to our purposes, and this trip may give officers in Persia by a circular notice us a permanent entrance into this nearby that for the future they were not to province, for that also is under the jurisinterfere or meddle in Persia's purely diction of Ibn Saoud. We shall feel domestic affairs. The Persian inhabit- that we have not been in Bahrein in ants of the province of Azerbaijan were vain all these years if now it proves to duly informed, and their joy was ex- be the gateway to inland Arabia, and treme. They were satisfied that now they the port of entry, not only of bags of had real liberty, but unfortunately they rice as heretofore, but also of bundles mistook liberty for license. of gospels."

In consequence, the Russian consul in Riadh, Ibn Saoud's capital, is in the U rumia soon found it necessary to issue heart of Arabia, and not more than 450 the following notice. It appeared in four languages-Russian, Persian, Armenian, and Syrian-as follows:

miles from Mecca. Ibn Saoud is said A more fluid, systemless religion, one to be the strongest man in Arabia, to- less fitted to call out heroic virtues and day, a man of outstanding personality intense devotion, could hardly be con- and of true kingly bearing, and one of ceived. Its essence may be summed up the chief supporters of the new King in two short phrases—'Think and beof Hejaz, formerly the Grand Sherif of lieve what you please; do what you Mecca, in his declaration of independ- please.' It has no great person to be its ence of Turkey. In view of these facts, hero, its ideal, its authority, its inspiring the importance of this visit of Dr. Har- leader; no inspiring book; no brief creed rison to this interior capital of this to crystallize and express its principles; strong Sheik:h can scarcely be exagger- no ethical standard or requirements; no ated. quickening of conscience; no discipline; no judgment bar; no program for hope- Were the Afghans Jews? fulness to its followers or to the world; no gospel of love; no summons to self- A FGHANISTAN is one of the sacrifice; no bugle call to devotion; no most interesting of the unoccupied organization to train and to inspire its mission fields. The theory is now' members; no promise of temporal or brought forward that its Mos~em. people eternal reward." were originally Jews. In dlggmg for the foundations of a railway station near In Fifty Indian Villages Hazro in the district of Rawalpindi, tablets written in Aramaic characters I T will be remembered that last year were unearthed. They were similar to the American Board instituted the those previously found in this district so-called Fifty-fifty PIal} in India, by Sir John Marshall and pronouced to through the gift of $10,000 by a New have come from Philistia. A Jewish England business man. The plan looked rabbi in Rangoon stated that the. Jew's to placing teacher-evangelists in 50 vilin India had been in quiet possession of lages, where no Christian work had this knowledge for some time. A depu- been attempted. The money was divtation of Jewish rabbis had visited Af- ided equally between the Marathi and ghanistan, he declared, and had reported Madura Missions. In the case of each that there was unmistakable evidence village a survey of religious and social that the ancestors of the Afghans had conditions was required. Already this been deported by the Assyrians from donor is hearing from his investment. Palestine and had found a home in Af- The 50 villages have been entered and ghanistan, a country wonderfully like the evangelists are hard at work. In the one they. had left; they were some places there is opposition, but for Jews and should be recognized as such the 'most part the people are eagerly coby all Jews everywhere. operating. In several villages they are building a house for their new religious INDIA, BURMA AND CErLON leader. In others, chapels are being erected. Two villages in the Marathi An Indian's View of Hinduism field report two hundred conversions, yet only a beginning has been made. A SOCIETY which has recently One of the preachers used in this ef- . been organized in India for the fort, Rambhau Dharmadhikari, a Brahpropagation of Hinduism is thus com- min convert, has gotten hold of a commented upon by an Indian Christian munity whicn has long been out of journal, the Dnyanodaya: reach. Under this man's leadership they are coming two or three nights a week "This movement is a typical illustra- for instruction in Christianity, their tion of a steady disintegration of Hin- "Holy M.an" acting as leader in their duism, under the environment of the new search. Ten of this community age spirit which cares little for any ex- have just been baptized. ternal authority and which .is permeated with the spirit of social unity.

FROM MANY

A Christmas Pageant in India hundr~d years of A~erican missionary A N American Presbyterian mission- work In Burma. It IS an exact replica ary in the Punjab, impressed by the reminders of Palestine life in the in design of the tower of the old colo- villages, made an interesting attempt to have the people themselves depict the nial church in Salem, Mass., itself a Christmas story. She says: "The train- ing was very simple. The Christian C?py of a church tower in London deschool boys of two villages learned Christmas hymns. Men, women and slgne.d by Sir Christopher Wren. It cllildren learned the Christmas story by heart. Nothing else was talked of. was m the Salem church that Adoniram I had my largest tent pitched and a quite real looking manger put up in Judson and his four companions the back. The rehearsals went very Newell, Nott, Hall and Rice, were or~ well. No special costumes were required as the people's own clothes were dained, February 6, 1812. just perfect for the parts. The day arrived and long before the appointed The artistic beauty of the tower is hour the tent was crammed, and crowds standing outside, -among them many, enhanced by the precision of its clock non-Christians. and the musical tones of its four bells "Several calves and donkeys had been brought into the back of the tent and constituting aan.Wd edsitfmfeirnesnttertuchniems e~twehaicchh the cowherds, with their long staves, plays short stood by. Nothing was lacking but the camels, and they c0tild have been sup- quarter hour, and striking the hours plied had the tent been big enough. with a heavy hammer on the largest "The Wise Men, of course, had their gifts and one of them carried a bell. There are no other bells so fine in tone in Rangoon. All the Baptist College class and general exercises are controlled by these chiming bells.

When the missionaries first learned of th~ proposed tower, it was supposed that It would be located in Moulmein and mark the site of Dr. Judson's long- est home and service in Burma. But with the broadening of the purpose of the Memorial, word was sent to the Mission Treasurer to secure a public site, if possible in Rangoon.

potsherd with live coals in it, which had_ Neighborhood Work in Ceylon never appeared in the rehearsals. As A YOUNG Singhalese came to the they knelt in front of the manger and Secretary of the Young Men's held out their gifts toward the babe, the man with the potsherd passed his Christian Association in Colombo and hand over the coals and suddenly the whole tent was filled with the heavy urged the opening of a branch Associa- tion for the young men of Slave Island. odor of incense. The children then After a study of the situation, it was gave their Christmas concert and after decided that what was needed was not a treat of nuts and fruit, the whole a branch of the Association, but a social company strode off in groups across the settlement on a small scale. The pastor of the nearest church was urged to make fields, singing as they went, happy in the this a part of the work of his church. A small house was secured, funds were first Christmas celebration of their lives." '

The Memorial Tower in Rangoon subscribed by the church members and the work started. A free night school T HE finest, most pleasing bit of now has an enrollment of sixty men and architecture in the city of Ran- boys. Bible classes and gospel meetings goon, Burma, is the Centennial Memo- in English, Singhalese and Portuguese rial Tower now standing in the campus are conducted weekly. A small reading- of the Baptist Collegiate Schools, the room is supplied with old magazines gift of J. Ackerman Coles, M.D., LL. from the Colombo Association. A sew- D., of N ew York City, and erected to ing class for women and another for commemorate the completion of one girls have been organized.

CHINA set on fire by the troops. For some time Great Floods in China the city has been in the hands of two antagonistic armed forces, the Szechwan L AST October northeastern China troops under Tai Kan, the governor of was devastated by a great flood. the province, and the Yunnan and rl'ientsin suffered most, perhaps, for the Kweichow troops under General Liu Yellow river changed its course and Tsen-heo. Jealousy between these troops covered a large part of the city. Har- resulted in a terrible conflict as long vests were destroyed and over 50,000 ago as April, when, apart from two people are homeless. There is fear that a hundred soldiers who were killed, some large part of Tientsin must be aban- three thousand civilians met their doned. A district 150 miles long and death, and no less than five hundred 100 miles broad, or its equivalent was houses were burnt down. A temporary completely submerged under from two armistice was arranged through the to twelve feet of water. Hardly a house heroic efforts of the British and other was left standing and the people homeless consuls, but in July fierce fighting was or dead; families separated, starving. resumed. Big guns as well as small The Y. M. C. A., the missions, the arms have been emploved in the fight- churches and the local and national gov- ing, and· as this has taken place chiefly ernments have combined a relief organi- at night the horrors experienced by the zation. The American Board Mission people have been intensified.

was under eight feet of water and the The Kweichow troops are accused ot school was disbanded. . having set fire to the city, and large The American Red Cross has appro- areas, some say as much as one-quarter priated $50,000 to be used for the im- of the city, have been burnt to the mediate relief of the sufferers and has ground; man~r thollsands of people are sent an additional appropriation of $75,- homeless, and the Mission compounds 000 to be used in paying 10,000 men to are filled with refugees. At the U niver- do work on roads and public improve-. sity the dormitories, finished or unfin- ments–the men and their families repre- ished, are inhabited by these destitute senting at least 50,000 souls. people.

A conservative estimat~ of the flooded The West China Missionary News district says that 12,000 square miles comments: "Brushing aside second have been flooded. Over a million peo- causes, and probing beneath the surface ple are homeless in the district and the of things, is it not true that we are crops and properties lost are estimated at now witnessing the re-birth of a nation $100,000,000 (Mex.). A refugee camp which has learned the use of modern has been established to house 4,000 per- military implements far better and sons, the expense of which will be borne quicker than she has learned the princi- almost entirely. by the Chinese them- ples and teachings of Jesus Christ?"

selves. Some of the Chinese attribute this disaster to the revolution and the The Gift of a Buddhist Temple U failure of the Government to resent Jap- P in the mountains from Hinghwa, anese invasion of China's rights. China, in a village called "Stone Revolutionary Days in China Ladder," a teacher, several years ago, belonging to the Deng clan, heard that "CHINA'S MILLIONS" is re- he might find employment in some of sponsible for the statement that at the mission schooois. The orphanage present in China brigandage and high- was in need of a teacher of Chinese, so way robbery are common, while martial after the prescribed preliminaries Mr.

law prevails in several of the provinces. Deng was duly installed. At this time Szechwan appears to be suffering most he had not come in contact with Chris- severely. The wealthy capital, Chengtu, – tianity, but this new position soon gave one of the finest cities in China, has been him the opportunity of hearing the Gos-

1918J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

pel. This resulted in his being won. In loss of everyone of its three hundred his home town the Deng clan owned a inhabitants. In Tokyo, the death list Buddhist temple. Teacher Deng car- reached one thousand and more than ried his Christianity back to his home twice that number were made homeless and being an important personage, great- by a tidal wave. On the islands facing ly influenced the other members. By St. Luke's Hospital, of the Protestant his efforts he persuaded them to give Episcopal I1ission, between two and their temple to the Methodist Mission three hundred lives were lost and prac- for a church. The idols have been de- tically the whole population, amounting stroyed and the temple repaired. Now, to about fifteen thousand people, were instead of idolatrous rites, the Gospel of left homeless. Mission property suf- Christ is proclaimed there. fered severely, St. Paul's School and St.

Luke's Hospital being in the center of IA Chinese Rescue Home for Girls the storm-swept district. Roofs were N a Rescue Home for Chinese girls, torn off and one of the operating rooms conducted by the municipal authori- in the hospital was entirely destroyed. ties in Nantungchow, China, every day Much other damage was done.

except Sunday, their rest day, the girls The Japanese people have met the sit- all have their work and daily classes. uation in a fine spirit and have worked The money made from sewing and knit- unceasingly to relieve the suffering.

ting is divided, one half going to the Thousands of pounds of hot cooked rice home for running expenses, the other were distributed from great iron cal- half going to the credit of the girl who drons, which were kept boiling on the did the work. This is given her when street corners. Never before has there she leaves. Six months after the girls been such suffering in Tokyo and it enter the home their pictures are taken will take many months to repair the ma- and hung inside the doorway. Anyone terial damage.

seeing the picture and wishing the girl in marriage goes to the chief of police. A Christian Survey of Osaka The police thoroughly investigate the man, his home and his reputation. If it T HE Church Missionary Society is good and they approve of him, word is sent to the home, and a day is set for . Review is authority for the statea visit, so that the girl may meet the ment that a' new map of Osaka has man. If after this visit the girl con- just been published, showing the "Chrissents, the marriage contract is sealed tian Survey" of the city, and giving by the chief of police. No girl is com- various statistics as to missions, etc. pelled to marry anyone whom she does From these latter it appears that the not want. After her marriage, if she is number of missionaries (excluding annoyed or persecuted by anyone from wives) is forty-six (Protestants thirtythe old life, the whole police force is eight, Roman Catholics eight), and of hack of her husband for help and pro- Japanese workers ninety-eight (Protestection. Any child born in the home tants ninety-five, Russian Orthodox goes with its mother. This is under- three). There are the names of to,134 stood in the marriage contract. persons (1,200 of them Roman Catho- lics and 635 Russian Orthodox) on the membership rolls of the churches, but JAPAN-CHOSEN only 7,007 are resident. Since the popu- Destructive Typhoon in Japan lation is 1,460,218, there are more than 10,000 non-Christians to each Christian E ARLY in October Tokyo was visit- worker, and only one in every 267 of ed with the most destructive storm the Japanese is a Protestant Christian.

in its entire history and the loss of The registered Buddhist and Shinto life and property was appalling. One priests number 790. Of the 309,037 tragic result of the storm was the sink- houses, one in 165 is licensed for pros- ing of a whole island into the sea and the titution.

The Future of Religion in Japan Chinese and Japanese people themselves A JAPANESE paper, the Kirisuto would not admit it for a minute. How- Kyo Hoko, has lately discussed in ever, it is quite probable that God has its editorial columns the subject of relig- raised up the Korean Church for this ion after the war. Dealing with the purpose and in the writer's opinion it is question whether Buddhism can un- for this we should work and pray. One dergo a change sufficient to enable it to of the greatest opportunities of the lead the new Japan which will emerge Korean Church is in Manchuria, where from the conflict, the writer expressed hundreds of thousands of Koreans, and his opinion that a revival of Buddhism ten thousand of them already Christians, was hardly within the range, of possibil- are living side by side with the Chinese."

ity. He wrote: "Whatever efforts the AFRICA Buddhists may put forth to meet the needs of the new times, their most im- From Miss Mackenzie's Station .M portant scriptural teachings contradict ANY readers of "Black Sheep"

such efforts by their antagonism to the . and Miss Mackenzie's other present life. On the other hand, if some slight changes be made in the policy of books, and who have known of her rethe churches, and if we cast off the turn to West Africa because of the teachings that smack of Europe and needs arising out of the war, will find America, and give expression to a purer special interest in the following letter teaching concerning Christ and God, from Rev. Gayle C. Beanland: "The then Christianity will be in a position to days are all full and there is not much exert a living leadership capable of sat- time to play. Miss Mackenzie is here with us and seems to enjoy her work isfying the needs of the nation." very much. There is plenty to do, as Missionary Power of Korean Church there are so many women and girls who A MISSIONARY from Korea, are indifferent to the Gospel, but when Rev. Harry A. Rhodes, who has the women of the station get out and addressed many audiences on conditions visit them in their homes, you can see in that country, writes in The Korea the effect of it very markedly. Soon Mission Field: "The Church at home the girls' school will be opening and the is especially responsive when the mis- crowd of little pawned girls and child sionary work of the Korean Church is wives takes somebody's entire time to mentioned, and when it is suggested keep them at work and attending to that the Koreans may be largely used their duties as they ought. We have to in the evangelization of both the J apafl- take in many of these little tots who ese and the Chinese. This is the thing are given in marriage before they are above all others that enlists the closest seven years, old, and many of the old attention on the part of every audience. men hate us for it, but the Government If this one thing can be demonstrated is on our side and they can't make any conclusively, both the future of the palaver."

Korean Church, and the support ot Slavery in German East Africa mission work in Korea on the part of the Church at home is assured and yet, ON December 3rd it was reported although the missionaries in Korea and that the British had driven the last the Korean Church leaders may think of the German forces out of German so, and although the Church at home East Africa into Portuguese territory.

likes especially to hear such remarks, Thus Germany has lost its last colonial the fact remains that the mission- possessions.

aries to the Chinese and Japanese The Sudan Times reports that 185,000 probably do not think the Koreans can slaves were found by the British in the be so used, the Chinese and Japanese German East African Protectorate. The Christians do not think so, and the "Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection

FROM MANY LANDS

Society" of England has issued an appeal not to carry water, and not to cook food, to the British Secretary of State for the but all to come and worship the idol.' Colonies to proclaim their freedom. The The evangelist and his wife were appeal states that a resolution was sub- scolded, threatened and argued with mitted to the German Reichstag on when they refused to follow the chief's March 19, 1914, asking for the emanci- instructions, but no harm was done to pation of these slaves on January 1, them. To-day that evangelist is still 1920. The system of enforced labor was there and the work is growing. The admitted, but the resolution for their chief later drove the medicine man from freedom was resisted on account of the the village, lost his faith in his idols, cost of compensating owners. and so anxious was he for a second evan- gelist in his village that he stopped one I t is time that all systems of contract who was passing through his village on labor, enforced labor and other forms of his way to another place and forced compulsory service, which involve prac- this evangelist to remain with him. tical slavery, should be abolished throughout the earth. ISLANDS OF THE SEA Intemoerance in Egypt Native Preachers Needed A LETTER from Rev' Stephen A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in Trowbridge in Cairo presents an the Philippines writes: "At Aliimportant and neglected field among modian of the Iloilo district, there are the young men of Egypt. He says: six adult members of the little church "Thus far the Nile Press and Beirut there, all belonging to two houses in the Press have published only a few tracts outskirts of the town. Only one of on temperance and one or two stories them reads and that poorly, but I found showing. the peril and wrong of drink, that they meet regularly every Sunday but I believe we could do a great ser- for prayer and praise and reading of vice by publishing and circulating the Scriptures and that they have inthrough the men's and older boys' class- duced several others to join them in es a book in Arabic based on modern their service. experiments. One of the rapidly increasing habits in Egypt is that of "But in spite of these encouragements strong drink. Everywhere on walls and our greatest problem is the lack of suitfences and billboards and in every news- able preachers and evangelists. We have paper, English, French and Arabic, are scarcely enough to care for the membervery conspicuous advertisements of Eng- ship we have, let alone the new fields. lish whiskey, French cognac, beer and To fill the need in a village in the south Greek wines and spirits." of Guimaras, we have to take the pa~­ tor from another congregation. If we Evangelists Instead of Medicine Man had the preachers, we could double our membership in two years, for there are T HE chief of the village of Moua openings everywhere." Mutumba, in Central Africa, allowed a medicine man to enter his vil- Hawaii Links East and West lage and carve for him a large wooden ido1. Like King Darius of old, the H AWAll is the stepping-stone bechief set aside a certain day on which tween the Orient and the OccialI his people should come to worship dent; it is the door which is opening the image. On that day the chief or- the East to the West and the West to dered that all domestic animals, sheep, the East. Through the medium of the goats, hogs, and chickens should be kept Islands, .where Oriental boys and girls and not allowed to run about over the have taken on our manner of life and village. The women were ordered to entered into the spirit of our social, abstain· from work of all kinds, not to political and religious institutions, the go to the fields as was their custom, way is being prepared for a closer asso- ciation between the United States and

the Orient. Out Df a population of pathy and clearness. I am only seven- 191,909 in the Islands, the Orientals- Chinese, Japanese and Koreans-num- teen years old and I have finished first ber 105,881. In the Episcopal cathedral year high school so I believe I can do it."

in Honolulu, both white people and OBITUARY Hawaiians worship. The Chinese and ] apanese have churches with clergymen TJohn N. Forman of India in charge of their own nationality, the HE news of the death of Rev.

latter sharing its building with a Rus- John N. Forman, on November sian congregation. There are many 24th, touches. deeply a wide circle in and mission stations scattered throughout the out of the Presbyterian Church, both in Islands where the people are so diversi- America ana in India. He was widely fied in race that to minister to them in known, not only as the son of the distheir own tongues would require a staff tinguished pioneer missionary to the of half a dozen interpreters. Fortu- Punjab, whose name is perpetuated in nately, the children are required to at- the Forman College, but as the assotend the English speaking schools, either ciate of Robert Wilder in laying broad public or private, and so through them, and deep in the colleges in 1886-8 the by story, song and drama, missionaries foundations of the Student Volunteer are able. to make known the good news Movement. Mr. Forman, before re- of Jesus Christ. turning to America on his furlough, which was his first since 1908, had been A Filipino's Plan for His Life active in the evangelistic campaign in India, and last winter he traveled over R EV. FRANK C. LAMBACH, of the entire country in stirring up the the American Board Mission at work. He is said to have been possibly Cagayan, on the northern shore of the the most eloquent preacher in the ver- island of Mindanao, writes of one young nacular of all the five thousand mission- fellow who, he says, was six months ago aries in India, and his deep spirituality one of the worst young men on the made him much sought after for conferisland, and who is now one of the most ences and revivals in all parts of India.

useful in evangelistic work, because of TJohn P. Williamson of Dakota the change which Christ has wrought in HIS aged missionary to the Indians him. He quotes the young man as fol- died at Yankton Indian Agency, lows: South Dakota, on October 4th, at the "My idea of what I would like to do age of eighty-two. Dr. Williamson grew for the future is growing clearer and big- up in a missionary home in Minnesota, ger all the time. First I thought I where his parents, Dr. and Mrs. F. S. ought to become a medical missionary. Williamson labored long among the Then I thought the work in Mindanao Dakota Sioux Indians. After completing needed me so quickly that I would go his seminary course, at the age of twentyinto evangelistic work at once and study six, he returned at once to Minnesota. till I am ready for ordination. But now When the Indian massacre of 1862 I see that the Philippines need more than broke out, he ministered to the needs of the evangelists they have been having. I fifteen hundred women and children want to get all there is. to be learned families of the warriors under arrest. here in the Philippines, and then go to When Dr. Alfred Riggs went to found America and get more perfectly prepared the Indian Normal School at the San- than any Filipino ever has been for every tee Reservation, Dr. Williamson moved phase of the ministry. Such a large num- to Dakota, where his forty-seven years of ber of people have left the Catholic devoted service have resulted in thirty- Church in Mindanao and have lost faith six Indian churches, with a membership in all religion, that they need men who of over ten thousand red men. His son, can answer all their questions with sym- Rev. Jesse Williamson, is a missionary.

II_mE MISSIONARY LllIBlJRARY~ . ••

~uu; ~ DU'U' "'iAiti' ~ =- ~-, – – W'V'U • vuu 'VUU'

Studies in Japanese Buddhism. By Aug- velopmcnt of the pnll1ltlve faith into ust Karl Reischauer. xviii, 361 pp. $2. the more hopeful, less atheistic doc- Macmillan Co., New York. 1917. trines of the Mahayana, or Great Ve- hicle, which carries those who mount it T HIS is probably the best full ex- through the dreary round of rebirths to position of japanese Buddhism in the great goal of mankind, "the town English. It is also true that the subject of Nirvana, the island of Nirvana"- has never before been adequately dis- a much disputed word which may have cussed by English and American stu- meant annihilation or cessation of being dents. The volume does not realize in Southern Buddhism of the Small the promise of its opening paragraph in Vehicle, but which in japan is far difany picturesque way: ferent. Chapters III-V, VII, contain the distinctively japanese elements in "Not many years ago there was on ex- Buddhism, of which the chapter on the hibition in an art gallery of Tokyo a main doctrines of Japanese Buddhism remarkable picture. The picture was not and that on the place of Buddhism in exactly a masterpiece, but its subject Japanese life are the most rewarding matter was exceedingly suggestive. In from the theoretical and practical sides the center stood a child, and grouped respectively. Pages 283-294 give excelaround it were four men, each beckon- lent samples of Buddhist teachings in a ing it to follow. On the face of the section entitled, "Buddhist Gold Nugchild was an expression of bewilder- gets," which the author previously conment, of apparent perplexity as to what it tributed to the Transactions of the should do. The child was meant to Asiatic Society of japan. The section represent J'flpan, and the four men on Salvation, pages 240-264, is, from the represented a Shinto priest, Confucius, Christian viewpoint, very interesting, as Gautama Buddha and Jesus. The aver- is the missionary character of the Shin age visitor to the gallery gave this pic- Sect which has its representatives in ture little more than a passing glance, China and the United States. but to the student of modern Japan, it was of deep interest." The author, as a professor in a lead- ing Christian institution in Tokyo, con- I t is this last half sentence that has tends that while Japanese Buddhism dominated the author in his choice of cannot lay hold on the living God withmaterials. For centuries, the Japanese out undergoing. a radical change in its have allowed the three first named re- fundamentals, it can nevertheless cast ligions to enlist their attention, so that asided its pessimism and by accepting 110 one could say to which he gave his God, find satisfaction for its hopes and paramount allegiance. Yet after all Bud- aspirations. The volume proves this condhism is the matrix which holds them all tention and makes the Buddhism of the together and may be said to represent all Empire accessible ill a manner acceptthree in one. Chapter I of the volume able to Occidental scholars, even though gives' the old st~ry underlying all phases it is by no means a popular work, nor of Buddhism-the story of Gautama's was it so intended. environment and life until under the Bo Tree he became the Buddha, the Trade, Politics and Christianity in Africa Enlightened One, the uninteresting ac- and the East. By A. J. Macdonald. count of his teachings and the success xxi, 296 pp. $2.00. Longmans, Green of the new religion after Buddha, in the Deer Park of Benares, had set the T& Co., New York. 1!}16. Vheel of the Law rolling throughout HIS book was awarded the Maitthe world. land Prize at Cambridge in 1915 on the thesis, "Problems raised by the Subsequent chapters describe the de-

contact of the -Vest with Africa African shores almost exclusively, just and the East and the part that as he practically excludes the Eurasian Christianity can play in their solu- strains of the Far East. His basic argu- tion." With the trained mind of a ments are biological and Mandelian, Cambridge M.A. and aided by authori- and among his conclusions are these: tative British Blue Books and other "To prevent the connections between equally trustworthy publications-unless ,,·hite men and black women in Africa Leong and Tao's "Village and Town will make moral demands upon the Life in China" is excepted from such a white community, which can only be list-the author presents to the thought- fulfilled by the aid of religion. Here is ful, studious reader a book worthy of the opportunity of Christianity…. The careful study and food for profitable Eurasian, so long as he exAsts and is not reflection. It even wins the most hearty absorbed by one race or the other, must approval of so distinguished and ex- be treated, if not as a social equal by the perienced an authority as Sir Harry members of either dominant race, at Johnston, whose "Introduction" of thir- least as a man and a brother in the great teen pages is a most interesting dis- Christian community." . avowal of certain aspects of Christianity and disgust for some features of Chris- The "q. e. d." of his "Problem of tian Missions along with a panegyric Religions" will not be universally ac- upon other fundamentals of both. cepted, but it is worth noting. "Let the declaration of the religious message of It i~ a work appealing to a variety of Christianity be positive. Its universality interests. The social reformer, the will make itself apparent. On the other economist, the student of colonization hand, let the attitude to non-Christian and of government, the inter-racial prob- philosophy-where such exists-and to social customs, avoid all appearance of lem specialist, the Christian anxious to negation, save where the religious in- know what Christianity can offer to the tegrity of Christianity is at stake. By world in its undeveloped and non-Chris- this means much .that is good in non- tian sections-all will find here facts Christian thought will be comprehended and arguments that are stimulating and in the new intellectual system which will forceful. grow up under the influence of Christian teaching; and sympathy will be revealed The lands most in evidence are where it will produce the most effiect– Africa, with its labor and liquor prob- in the social and domestic life of the lems especially; India, with liquor, hung people." albatross-like about its neck, as it is in Ceylon also; with difficulties arising Observations on the Mussulmans of In- from its expansion into Africa and its dia. By Mrs. Meer Hassan Ali. Second educational wants and satisfactions edition, edited with notes and an introthrough various sorts of schools, largely dutcion by W. Crooke. xxviii, 442 pp. supported by British grants-in-aid; and Six shillings net. Oxford University China, where the opium traffic has been; Press. 1917. where that. in morphia still is vitally important to' the physical life of un- T HAT this work is of especial value numbered myriads, and where education is evidenced by the fact that it and Christianity are advancing side by is reprinted by the Oxtord University side, in willing or unwilling depend- Press nearly a century after its publicaence. tion, and with the valuable cooperation of the well-known Indian authority, W. The inter-racial problems considered Crooke, whose notes and elucidations have to do with the "colored people" of add greatly to its clarity and interest. Africa and the Eurasians of India for the most part, though he fails to use The author is an English lady who their official name there, Anglo-Indian. married a young Lucknow nobleman of Vhile Sir Harry Johnston finds his the Moslem faith who was in England "colored" problem best illustrated in the Americas, our author views it from assisting .Tohn Shakspear, Hindustani professor in the Military College, and

MISSIONARY LIBRARY

who received from the East India Com- honor of the martyred H usein and pany £50 as a reward for his transla- Hasein, sons of Ali and Fatima, a pastion of the Gospel of St. Matthew. In sion play sometimes likened to the Chrishis father's Lucknow home she lived tian Ober-Ammergau. Stories and folkduring eleven of the years, 1816 to lore also abound, adding to its interest. 1828, though it is said that she did not Her account- of Meer Hadjee Shah's adallow her husband to exercise a Mos- ventures and of the elevating effect of lem's privilege of a plurality of wives. his religion upon him, suggested in her She understood well the truth of the sketch in Letter XXVII, makes the M ussulman proverbs: "A rival, even if reader wish that he might read the full she be made of dough, is intolerable; the account of him which the author hoped malice of a rival is known to everybody; later to write. wife upon wife and heartburnings." Possibly her subsequent separation from Yet Mrs. Ali did not go over to her her husband and return to England was husband's faith. She writes on pages due to failure to abide by his agreement; though the statement on page 182 shows 424-425: "It may be regretted, with all that she realized the reasonableness of polygamy. my influence, that I have not been the humble intsrument of conversion. None The general scope of the book is can lament more than myself that I was suggested by its long sub-title, in which not deemed worthy to convince them of it is stated that these observations of the necessity, or of the efficacy of that Indian 11ussulmans are "descriptive of great Atonement on which my own their customs, habits and religious opin- hopes are founded. . .. I must for many ions, made during a twelve years' resi- reasons be supposed to entertain a lively dence in their immediate society." In interest in their welfare, and an earnest twenty-seven long and minutely circum- desire for their safety, although at the stantial letters, Mrs. Ali wrote to home present moment I can distinguish but friends of what she saw and experienced one advantage accruing from our intiand they quite rightly urged their pub- macy, namely, that they no longer view lication. If there is any Moslem matter the professors of Christianity as idolaof importance left out in the book, the tors . . . . Should the view I have conreader who can mention it must be more scientiously given of their character be observant than the thousands of India the humble means of removing prejudice missionaries who have been neighbors to from the ~{ussulmans of Hindoostan, North India Moslems. While her style so that they may be sought and won by is not finished, her simple and lively let- brotherly kindness, my humble heart ters allure one on through an altogether will rejoice." too long account of her foreign environment on its Moslem side. Of most With Our Soldiers in France. By Sherinterest, in view of the well-known atti- wood Eddy. Illustrated. 12mo. 193 tude of l10hammedans toward women, pp. $1.00. Association Press, New are the constant references to the wom- York. anhood of Islam and to the secluded and little known life of the zenana. She has T HIS is one of the best of the "war said the best that can be written on this books." Mr. Eddy speaks from aspect of Mohammedanism, thus supple- first hand knowledge of conditions at menting what nearly all missionary the front. Not only does he give a very writers have proclaimed to the world vivid picture of the life of American upon this point. Of even more general soldiers in France, with its physical and il nd 'scholarlv interest is the account of moral dangers, but he writes of the Y. their religio~s life in mosque and home. M. C. A. work and the religious prob- Pilgrimages and superstitions are fully lems involved, so as to impress the reader described also, and especially the great with the great responsibility for closer mourning festival of Muharram in co-operation among Christians after the war. – The incidents in Mr. Eddy's narra- tive are striking and well told. His de-

scription of the training and fighting in new hope for the Russian people and for France is graphic and of absorbing in- Europe. Many feared Russian autoc- terest. His facts are impressive and sug- racy even more than German militar- gest many lessons in morals and in ism. N ow the danger is anarchy- Christian strategy. The chapter on when, as in the time of the Judges, each "The Camp of the Prodigals" is appall- man does what is "right in his own ing in its revelations and shows the need, eyes," but not what is right in the eyes not only for physical and mental recrea- of God. tion for the soldiers, but for spiritual regeneration, if the aftermath of war is This story of Russia's transition days not to be as deadly as the conflict itself. is brief and well told. It is an intro- Read Mr. Eddy's book; it is worth duction to a more thorough study. while-for soldiers going to France and for those who give and work and pray The People Who Run. By Violetta at home. Thurstan. 12mo. 175 pp. $1.00. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1917. Russia in Transformation. By Arthur ]. Brown, LL.D. 12mo. 190 pp. $1.00 net. T HE Russian word for refugees means Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. "the people who run," an appropri- ate title for these sketches or five and a 1917. half million dazed and terrified people who fled before the great German drive A LL eyes are turned on Russia- into Russia. The author made a visit to that land of 180,000,000 people that country and from a vast amount of in the throes of a new birth. From op- material gathered-reports, statistics and pression under autocratic government in incidents-has selected stories of individ- Church and State, they have suddenly ual tragedy to portray what has been come into uncontrolled freedom. They done, and what still needs to be done for are like youth suddenly coming into these people of despair. The greatest wealth, without proper education and difficulty experienced is in building up experience, and with scheming enemies their shattered hope, for it is a strange on every side. They are people with fact that the worse their condition be- ideals and latent power and worthy of comes the less is their desire to improve study. The nation cannot be remade in it. One realizes the enormity of the task a day. when told that Russia is caring for more refugees than the number of inhabitants Dr. Brown has given us a clear and in the whole continent of Australia. – concise study of Russia from secondhand Russia in 1916. By Stephen Graham. sources. It is a book for the general 8vo. The Macmillan Co., New York, reader and gives the)acts without long 1917. dissertations or quotations. While the book does not throw new light on Rus- T HE reading public learned long ago sia, it does give light to those multitudes that anything that Stephen Graham who have had only a hazy idea of a cold writes about Russia is well worth read- and distant czardom, of serfs, autocrats, ing. He has traveled widely throughout Nihilists, Tolstoi, Jews, pogroms, the Russian Empire. He knows the peo- ikons, Doukhobors, Stundists, the Greek ple and their language and he has prob- Churches, political exiles, passports, ably gotten into a closer sympathy and a censors, spies and prisons. more vital understanding of them than any other living man outside of Russia. In this book, prepared since the revo- ex~ept George Kennan. It must be con- lution, Dr. Brown describes autocratic fessed that this little book consists of a Russia and the "Holy Orthodox" few impressionist's sketches and traveling church; the revolution and the new- experiences. and that it bears marks of found but unconfined liberty; the re- hasty writing, but the general pictures of forms and the war; Russian aims in recent conditions in Russia are so vivid Asia and her relation to other nations. that one shoul~ not miss them. Dr. Brown sees in the dethronement of the czar and his autocrats in Russia, a

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FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Pubs., NEW YORK and LONDON Please mention THE MISSIONAIIY REVIEW OF THB Wo.:w in writing to advertisers New Books on Missions The Soul of France. By Reuben Saillens. people and the work for their religious 8vo. 274 pp. 5s. net. Morgan & Scott, enlightenment are made the subjects of Ltd. 1917. various chapters. The volume follows generally and in popular style the re- Voyages on the Yukon and Its Tribu- ports of the Latin-American Congress at taries. By Hudson Stuck. 8vo. 395 pp. Panama last February. $4.50. vVith maps and illustrations. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1917. T.alks on Latin America. By Geo. H. Trull. Religious Progress on the Pacific Slope. Addresses and Papers. 8vo. 326 pp. Latin American Stories.. By Geo. H. $2.00. The Pilgrim Press. 1917. Trull. 12 mo. Paper. 96 pp. Board of F. M. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., Pastels from the Pacific. 7s. 6d. Oxford 1917. Press. 1917. Very useful little booklets for Sunday- Salvation. By Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo. school workers and others who wish 139 pp. 75 cents. C. C. Cook. 1917. good live material for brief talks on South America. Heart Songs. Poems by Henry W. Frost. 12mo. 130 pp. $1.25. The Japan Today. By Ruth Emerson. 12mo. Gorham Press. 1917. Paper, 59 pp. 25 cents. National Board Y. W. C. A., New York, 1917. Ralph Wardlaw Thompson. By Basil Matthews. 2s. Religious Tract Society. The Young Women's Christian Asso- 1917. ciation's Secretary to Japan has prepared this readable little text-book-a sightsee- Mackay of the Great Lakes. By Con- ing trip to Tokyo, to a Japanese home, stance Padwick. 3s. 3d. Pathfinder a glimpse of the women students and in- Series. 1917. dustrial workers, the Y. W. C. A. work The Stronghold of Truth. By W. H. Grif- fith- Thomas. Pamphlet. 64 pp. 25 and its results. It is a stimulating· cents. Biola Book Room. 1917. glimpse of Japanese women and their environment Year Book of Missions. 1918. 64 pp. The American Board. Our Neighbor Japan. By Helen Barrett Montgomery. 12mo. Paper, 62 pp. 25 James Monroe Buckley. George Pres- cents. The American Baptist Foreign ton Mains. 8vo. 305 pp. $1.50. The Missionary Society, Boston, 1917. Methodist Book Concern. 1917. Mrs. Montgomery has written this Scotty Kid, The Life Story of "Brother condensed study book especially for Bap- . Tommy." Told by "Li-Ke-Ke." 12mo. tists. She describes the land and the 212 pp. $1.00. people, the coming and the growth of Christianity, and the work of Baptist As His Mother Saw Him. By Charlotte Missions. A large amount of general E. Gray. 16mo. 254 pp. $1.00. information is given in tabular form. Meridian Pres~. 1917. There are numerous Quotations and a brief book list. The War and the Jew (second edition). By S. B. Rohold, F'.R.G.S. 12mo. The Hebrew Christian Alliance Quarter- 98 pp. 75 cents. The Standard Press. ly. Edited by Rev. S. B. Rohold, F. R. G. S. 50 cents a year. Mackay of the Great Lake. By C. E. Padwick. 3s net. Oxford University This Quarterly represents the united Press. 1917. Hebrew-Christian forces in America. It Cyclopedia of Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals. By Deets Pickett, contains scholarly articles, valuable pa- Clarence True Wilson and Ernest pers on methods and ideals, news of mis- Dailey Smith. 406 pp. 50 cents. The sionary work for the Jews, and much Methodist Book Concern, New York other interesting and valuable informa- and Cincinnati. 1917. tion.

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Bishop Stuntz's large experience in South America is here turned to good account in awakening the interest of North Americans in the people of the Southern republics. The wealth of the land, the needs and possibilities of the

The Missionary Review of the World — 1917 Index

Missionary

Review of the World VOL. XL. OLD SERIES xxx. VOL. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER. 1917 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S. BELLE M. BRAIN Statistics and Foreign Exchanges Best Methods Department MRS. WM. H. FARMER MISS VERMILYE and MRS. ROSSMAN Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Woman's Home Mission Bulletin MRS. F. M. GILBERT, News from Exchanges EDITORIAL COUNCIL REv. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D.D. MRS.' HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D. MRs. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, D.D. W. T. DEMAREST W. E. DOUGHTY REv. H. F. SWARTZ, D.D. REV. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS HARRY WADE HICKS REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. S. G. INMAN REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D. F. P. TURNER J. ERNEST McAFEE MISS ELIZABETH VERMILYE REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D. JOHN W. WOOD, LL.D.

PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer FLEMING H. REVELL DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary DICKINSON W. RICHARDS PROF. HAlU,ANP. BEACH MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER REV. CHARLES R. WATSQN, D.D.

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OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

of Each year the REVIEW contains tlhe equivalent of twenty-one volumC'/<, a complete library Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionades and Native Converts. Each small volume woold contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1917 MAPS, CHARTS AND CARTOONS PAGE PAGE AFRICA, Compara.dve Religions in……… 811 China, Miracles of Memory.•……•….••••• 374 – Density of PopUlation in ……………. 801 Comparative Religions in Africa …..•…..•. 811 – Missionary Areas in …………… ; ….. 801 Japan, Woman's Work in ……………… 371 – National Control ………………….. 881 Kindergarten, Mission ………….•••••.•• 350 – Races of ••………… . ………….. 881 Life or Death for Time or for Eternity…. 497 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ……………•… :. 743 Missions to the Eskimos ……………….. 602 Children Alone' in Africa, Leave These …… 4<)0 Mongolia …………………………..•. 92 – In China, Caring for …………..•…• 375 Russian Church Characterization of Protest· – To Come Unto Me, Suffer Little. _…•.. 373 . ant Work in Russia ……………….. 344 CHINA, Caring for Children in ………… 375 Woman's Work in Japan ……………… 371 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGB PAGE Africa, Attendance at Sabbath Service in…. 819 America, Entertaining Some Chinese Students in 909 – Another Cause of Darkness………….. 899 – Influence of Work for Italians in. . . . . . …. 593 – Degrading Influence ……………….. ~97 – Navajo Woman Weaving a Blanket. ……. 917 – Successful Work Among Italians in …..• 588 – Dispensary, Lirhauda Station, British East 815 – Traveling School House on the Mexican – A Fetish Worshipped in West. ……….. R95 Border …………………..•…….. 685 – Funeral in British East. …. ….. .0.: . ….. 816 – Walpi, Oldest Hopi Indian Village ..•…. 481 – In Need of Education in the Arts Peace 891 American Citizens, Some Promising•••••..•. 207 Anatolia College, Faculty of……………. 523 – Making Over Raw Material in British Cen- – Hospital, Women's Ward of the ………. 521 tral •……..•…………………… 418 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Sunday-School in the 745 Appeal, Powerful……………………… 368 – One of the Evils of ……………. : . . . .. 421 Arabs, Home of Bedouin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730 Argentina, Coming Generation in ……….. 846 – Pagan Chief Now Christian Teacher in …. 333 – Light House in ……………………. 849 – One of the Principal Industries in ……. 847 – Raw Material in British Central. ……… 418 Arizona, Government Boarding School at – Ready for a Missionary Palaver in West.. 51 Keams Canon …………………….. 512 – Sabbath Service in British East………. 819 Arizona, Home of .a Navajo Christian ilt – Some Results of the Missionary's Work in Tolchaco ………………………… 920 Armenia, Faculty of Anatolia College…….. 523 West ……………………………. 49 Army Y. M. C. A. "Hut," Military Bands – A Type of Congo Native……………. 893 Practising in …………………….. 502 – West, Communion Sunday on Efulen Hill. 330 Baltimore Campaign Dinner, One Thousand – West, Preparedness Parade in………… 400 Men at the………………………. 514 – West, Sunday Audience in the Presbyterian Bedouin Boys of Arabia ……………….. 733 Benares, Preaching to the Village Dams of.. 925 Church at Elat ………………….••. 321 Bickel, Captain Luke W……………….. 653 – West, Village Where the Mi~sionaries are Bolivia, La Paz, Capital of…………….. 836 Working in Cameroon……………… 45 Brockman, Fletcher S …………………. 498 Buddha, Bogda or Incarnate……………. 81 – What the Raw Heathen are Like in West 331 Buddhist Sunday School Card ………….. 662 Bulgaria Before the 'War-Samokov Market. 361 – William M. Dager Training Christian Work· ers in West……………………… 47 – Woman Potter at Work…………..••.• 422 African Hands How. to Work, Teaching.••.• 334 – Ideas How to Think, Teaching young…. 335 – Warrior ………………………….. 821 Africans Respond to the Message of Christ.. 401 – Worship__ Their Ancestors, Where Heathen 423 Africans, Waitins for the Gospel, A Cr<>wd of. 901 PAGE ~l ~ Bulgarian Peasants–:-Berry Pickers………. 359 Italian Evangelical Church, Middletown, N. Y. 595 – Women at the R.ver Laundry.•••.•.••••• 357 – Mothers Become Interested..••••••.••.•• 591 Burma, Bal'tism in ••.••.•..•••.•..••…••• 430 California, Chinese Woman Voter at the Polls Italians in America, Influence of Work for .. 593 – – – Successful Work Among……….. 588 in ……………………………… 203 Cameroon, Christians in…. . . • . . . . . . • . • . . • •• 330 Japan, Baptismal Service in the "Inland Sea" 651 , – Mission, Early Morning Prayer Meetin~ in 338 – Church .Foun~ed by the "Fukuin Maru" in 660 Canadian Indian Family of Four Generat.ons – SuperstItIOn m •••••.••..••••••••••••••• 655 at Home ….•••.•••••.•.•.•••.••.•••• 122 Japanese Sunday School on the "Fukuin – Missionary and His Dog Team ….•••.••• 123 Maru" ………•…..•…………..•. 657 Ca~l'on Falls, Christian Famiry at ..•••..••• 367 – Members of the Mothers' Club at ••.•.••• 366 Kentucky, Christian Family at Canyon Falls. 367 Chicago, Italian Sewing School· in…..••.• , 590 China and One of the Round Doors of Gin- – Members of the Mothers' Club at Canyon Falls •..•………..•………..•.•… 366 lin~ College ……………………… 107 – LooklDg Past the Reception Room at Ginling – Physical Culture at Canyon· Falls…••..• 365 College ………………………….. III Korean Girl with Her Bible ……………. 677 -Now Wide Open to the Missionary …… 575 – School Children …………………… 641 – One Result of Financial Investment in…. 28 – Scene at a Crystal Spring Village Well in 53 – Socerer, Converted ………….•.••.•.. 675 – Some Returns from the Missionary Invest- Lamaist Temple and Monastery…………. 97 ment in ………………………… 27 – The Great Wall …………………… 561 Leonard, Delavan L …………….••.•..•• 161 Chinese Imperial University, President Martin Madras, Class in Biology at Union Christian and Faculty of the ……………….. 197 – Students in America, Entertaining Som" .. 909 College …………………………. 683 – ViI!age, So!"e of the Missionaries' Eager – Outdoor Gymnastics in Union Christian L.steners .n a. . . . . . . •• . . . . •. . • . ..• • •• • • • 55 – Woman Voter at the Polls in California.• 203 College …… .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. 681 Chosen (Koreah Grou? of Students at Taiku 757 Manila, University of the Philippines in…. 598 -Three Man Yower 'Steam" Shovel in ..•• 753 Congo Native, A Type of. …………….. 893 -MaDrtri.n,WW. .AA. .PP., .•…….••……• •.•.•…. 195 Costumes for the Exercise "Jesus Loves Me" and Some of His Students. 199 Mex.can Border, Ins.de of Traveling School Round the World …………………. 779 House on …••……………..•…… 687 Cree Language, Specimen of the…..•…•.. 124 m Mid~letown, N. Y., Italian Evangelical Church Dager, William M., Training Christian Work- Mon~"ol .Ch~;;ti~~ . ~;'d' 'H~~ .ii';~b~~d: :::::::: ers in West Africa……………….. 47 – Young Women in Holiday Dress ……… 103 Douglas, Arizona, Interior of· the Young Mongoha, Human God of………………. 81 Women's Club at…………………. 765 – in . 'rinter, Briti~h and Foreign Bible So- – – One of the Noon Hour Groups …….. 767 c.e y Caravan lD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Eddy, Dr. Sherwood…………………… 241 Eddy's Meetings in Tinnevelly, India, One – Mission House on Halong Ossa. . . . . . . . . .• 102 – Scene On the Plains of Southern ….~ . . . .• 95 of Mr. Sherwood …………………• 251 Mongolian Religious Leader……………. 99 Egypt, Newspaper Evangelism in ……..••.• 260 – '~Yourt" or Tent…………………… 94 Elat Industrial School. ……………….. 334 – Usual Congregation Coming from Church Mongols, One of the………………….. 93 Moslem at Prayer ……………………. 750 in .•.•………………………….. 337 – Performing Ablutions Before Prayer …… 518 – West Africa, Sunday Audience in the Presilyterian Church at. … : ……..•.• 321 Mott,. John R………………………… 498 Eskimo Fa,,!iry at Red River, Christian …• 605 NavajO Baby in Her Cradle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918 -;- Igloo or Winter Snow House, Inside an.. 603 – IndIan School Boys at Play, Luepp, Ariz .. 922 – Offering for Missions……………….. 607 – Summer Settl~ment, A Missionary Visiting 921 Fetish Worshipped in West Africa ………. 8% – Woman Weavmg a Blanket. …………. 917 Fetler'~ T~bernacle, Petrograd, Debt-paying Negro Women, Tuscaloosa, Ala., First Con- Fest.val lD Pastor ……………..•..••. 349 ference for ……………………… 618 Filipino Town, Hilarious Time in a …..•••• 600 Negroes, One of the Student Forces for the Filipinos at work on Rice Terraces ……•..• 600 Fisher River, Day School for Children at…. 125 Uplift of Southern………………… 41 France," Mrs. Ralph C. Norton at the Newspaper Evangelism in Egypt………… 260 Trenches, "Somewhere in …………… 33 "Fukuin Maru," Japanese Sunday School on Norton, Mrs. Ralph C., at the Trenches uSomewhere in France"……………. 33 the .••…•………………………. 657 –New …………. '" ……………. 653 Panama Canal, Bible Society Boat for …… 907 Geneva Women Students' Christian Asso- – The New American Bible House on the ciation .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273 "Zone" …•.••…………………… 906 – – Zone at Balboa, A View of. . . . . . . . . . • .. 904 Ginl'8~o;sol~r,•.~~i.~~ .~~~. ~.n.e..o.f. ~~:. ~o.~~~ 107 Parker, Dr., and Her Adopted Indian Chil- – – Some of the Students at……•……. 109 – Guardian of the College Gate…………. 110 .dren ..••………..•………….•..•. 834 Hackett, E. A. K …………………….. 269 PeklDg, Great Water Gate of …..•……… 571 Hopi Indian House, Interior of………… 508 – Indians, Christian Education of the …… 513 Perkins, George W …………………… 498 Hostess' House at Sacket Harbor, N. Y …. 763 Idol Maker at Work …………………… 432 Peru on a Festival Day, Street in Lima ….. 194 India, Members of a Criminal Tribe in …..• 833 – City Doms-House of the Head Man…. 926 Petrograd, Popular Demonstration in……. 339 – One of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's Meetings in Phil~r.in~..I~~~~~~,..~~~~~~ .~~~~~~. ~~~~~. ~ 598 Philippines' Investment, Interest on the….. 24 Tinnevelly ………………………. 251 Picture, Motion-Coming from the Mission – Starting on a Missionary Tour in ..•..•.•• 433 School …………………………• 430 – .. – Village Dom at Home ……………….. 924 Plattsburgh, N. Y., New Y. M. C. A. "Hut" at 499 Ve!~t ~~':'.s..~~~~~l.a.'~. ?~~:. :r.~~i~ ~~~: 927 Pocket Testament That Saved a Life ……. 173 Prayer, Moslem at. …………… : …..•.. 750 – Work of the Dams, or Thief Caste …… 923 Preparedness Parade, New York…………. 368 I.dian Children, Dr. Parker and Adopte4 .• 8304 – Family of Four Generations at Home, Russia, Popular Demonstration in Petrograd. 339 – Some Moscow University Students ……. 281 Canadian •.•…………..•….•.•…• 122 Sacket Harbor, N. Y., Hostess' House…… 763 – Gestur,,_ Lancuage …………………. 775 Salako-Mother of the Snake Clan ………. 509 Indianl, Harvelt Women', Dance •••.•…•.• 507 Samokov Market-Bulgaria Before the War. 361 Scotch Members of the Pocket Testament League in Camp………………….. 170 Scudder, Dr. Ida…………………….. 127 ShiUuk Tribe, Warrior of the……•……• 747 Siam, Christian Village Community in North. 436 – Women Spirit Danees in North •…•..•• 439 Snake Dance of the Hopi Indians ………. 511 Sp~e!s, James M ……………………… 498 SPlrlt Huts Where the Heathen Africans Wor- ship Their Ancestors ………………. 423

INDEX

PAGE PAGIl Stevenson, J. Ross. . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .. 498 Turkey. Women's Ward of the Anatolia Hos- pital …….••.•………………….. 521 Students. Russia. Some Moscow University .. 281 Sudan. Battle of Sudanese Tribes in the Anglo- Turkish Zabtieh …………………….•. 184 Tuskegee. Home of Wm. Holtzclaw. Graduate Egyptian ………………………… 721 _ Missionary's H orne in the Anglo·Egyptian . 739 of …………•…………………•. 40 Sudane~e. ~t Home. Preaching to the …….. 744 – Institute. How They Come to the Com- – Posslbllltles ……………………….. 741 mencement Exercises at …………••. 38 Sunday School Card. Buddhist………….. 663 Walsh. Bishop. of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 241 War, Extent of World………………… 1 Testament League in Camp. Scotch Members Whang, Blind-Converted Korean Socerer … 675 of the Pocket. …………………… 170 Wilder. Robert P ……………………. " 498 Wilson, Bishop Luther D……………… 498 Travancore. Some of the Personal Workers in 257 World Conflict, Extent of……………… 1 Y. M. C. A. at an Army Base Hospital. Op- Traveling School House on the Mexican Bor- der ……..•…………………….. 684 portunity for ……………..•…….. 505 – "Hut." Dr. Exner Addressing United States Turkey. In a Khan Yard. Where the Mission- ary Stopped •…………………….. 185 Troops in a ……………….. ·····.. 503 Y. W. C. A. Headquarters. Geneva. Switzer· – One Means of Rapid Transit for the Mis- sionary in .•……………………… , 183 land •…………………………… 277 – Some Representative of Asiatic ………•.. 187 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ABBOTT, INEZ L •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 357 LEW, T,MOTHY T,NGFANG ••.••••••.•••.••••• 440 ALBERTSON, CHARLES C… • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • •• 380 LILEY, ARTHUR V …………………. 519,751 ALLEN. BELLE J …………………… 298. 376 Low, SETH •••••••••••••.•••…•.••• :…… 32 AMERMAN, W,LL,AM L . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 LUTHER, D. E •••••••••••.••••.•..••••• ·•• •• 269 ANDERSON, R. P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 MABIE, CATHERINE C. •••••••••••••••.••••••• 57 ARNOLD, JULIAN ………………………. 130 MACKEY, U. L ••••.••…••.••••••.••••••••• 595 BARTON, JAMES Loo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 MCCRAE, LEE •.•••.••.••••.•••.•••••••••••• 685 BONFIELD, G. H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 MCWILLIAMS, D. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 BRAIN, BELLE M •. 63, 131. 209. 291, 369. 452. 527. MEAD, FREDERICA R •••••••..••..••••••••••• 107 691, 772, 9.1D M,LLIGAN. ROBERT H •••••••••••••••••••••••• 891 BRENNECKE, ROBERT H .•..•••••• '. • • • • . • • • • •• 608 MONTGOMERY, HELEN BARRETT, .•..•.•….••• 218 MON'fGOMERY, JAMES M………………… 30 BROWN, ARTHUR LJo.o………………………………… .. .. .. .. .. 195 MOODY, PAUL D ••.•••••••..•••••••.•••• • •• 529 BRoWN, FRANK 31 MOTON, ROBERT R…………………….. 39 MUNRO, HUGa R…………………….. 32 BURGESS, PAUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 NORTON, MRS. RALPH C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 CAPE, C. PHILLIPS ••……………•… ··· 923 PA YNE, ARTHUR …•…•••..••.•.••.••••••• 613 CARY, O T I S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 PEABODY, MRS. HENRY W ………… : … 59.681 POPLEY, H. A •••.•.•.••…..•..•••••••••••• 251 CLARK, HOWARD A …………………….. 917 PORTER, MARY CLOKE>' •••..•••••..•.••..••••• 851 POUT, GRACE PETTMAN ••.•••..••..•••••••••• 171 COCHRAN,. JEAN CARTER………………… 52 PUTNEY, ETHEL W •••••.•.••••••..••••••••• 762 COFFIN, .ttENRY SLOANE •••••••••….•••••••• 425 REIS, ALVARO ••••••••••••…••..••••••••••• 287 RIGGSM: MARY ••••••••••…••••.•••••.•••••• 182 CONGER, SIDNEY S .•••…•.•………….. ·. 905 ROE, RS. WALTER C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 ROHOLD, S. B •••••••••••.••.••.••••••••.••• 527 COOKE, WM. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 ROSSMAN, MRS. PHILIP M ••..••••.•••••••••• 858 ROUSE, RUTH ••••••••..••.••.••.•••••••••• 273 COOPER, CLAYTON SEDGWICK •••••••••••.••••• 844 SCHIEFFELIN, W,LLIAM J … " •.•••••••••• '" 29 COUYUMDJOPOULOS, EUSTACE ••.•..•..•.••••• 759 SCOTT, CHARLES E …………………….. 571 Cl<AWFORP, DAN ••••••••••••••…•….•.••• 236 SMITH, ARTHUR H……………………. 578 CRONK, lV1RS. E. Coo . . . . . . . . . . . 127. 222. 291. 455 SMITH. EDWARD L,NCOLN ••••••.•••.•••••••• 83l' CROTHERS, JOHN Y ……………………. 353 SMITH, EGBERT W •••.•••.•….••••.••••• ;. 823 DAGER, W,LLIAM M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 SMITH, J. RITCHiE ……………………. 539 DECK, NORTHCOTE •••••.•••.••••…•…•.••• 179 SPEER, ROBERT E .••.•.••…..••… 401. 409. 667 ST. JOHN, BURTON .•.•.••••••.•••.•••••••••• 810 DENMAN, FRANCIS r …………………… 283 STANLEY, MARTHA W •.•.••.•••..•.•••••••• 815 STEELE, MRS. H. R .•••..••••••••.•••••••••• 219 DAY, DWIGHT H….. .••••••••••••… ••..••• 23 S'fEVENS, F. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 DOAN, R. A .•••••••••••.•••.•.•••••.•..• ••• 29 STOCK, EUGENE . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. 413 ERDMAN, WALTER C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675. 752 STONE, JOHN T ………………………. 30 EVERTS, MRS. C. S ••••••••••••••••.••.•.•••• 365 SWIFT, MRS. GEORGE H •••••.••••••••••••••• 858 EWING, J. C. R ………………….. '….. 804 TAYLOR, J. T ………………………… 674 FARMER, MRS. W,LL,AM H .. 138. 217. 297. 376. THOMAS, GEORGE C ……………………. 517 THOMAS, W. H. GRIFFIT·H………………. 611 460, 617, 780, 938 TROWBRIDGE, STEPHEN…………………. 739 VANe'b JAMES 1.. …………………….. 929 FETLER, W,LL,AM •.••.•.•••••••…..•.•.••• 339 VAN YKE, HENRy ……………………. 814 VERMILYE, ELIZABETlI B .•.••••••••• 535. 699. 858 FISHER, FRED B ………………………. 850 VICKERS, CHARLOTTE E………………… 62 VICKREY, C. V . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 FRASER, DONALD •••••••••.••••…•.••.••••• 419 VINTON, SUMNER R ••.••••••••••••••••••••• 428 WHEELER, W. REGINALD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 FULLERTON, AUBREY •••••••••••••••..•.•••• 602 WHITE, J. CAMPBELL .••••••••••••••••••• 221. 771 FULTO N, A. A •1••. •. .•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•…•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•. 388 WHITE, GEORGE E …………………….. 520 GOOD, JAMES 583 WHITHAIR. C. W …………………….. 769 WILLIAMSON, LOUISE G ••••••••••••••••••••• 163 GRAY, JAMES M ………………………. 142 WILSON, BERT •••••••••••••..•••••••••••••• 351 WIIIGHT, FUDERICI< H ………………….. 589 GULICK, SIDNEY L •••.•••• , •••.•…••••••••• 141 ZWIulltR, SAllUEL M …•.•..••.•••…••• 261, 450 HALSEY, A. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 HARRINGTON, C. K •••••••••••…••••..•••.• 651 HARRISON, PAUL •.••••••••••.•.••••••••• 445; 731 HARTZELL, J. L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 HINMAN,. G'to. W ••••••••••••..•..•••••.••• 203 HOWLAND, J()HN ••••••••••••••…••••.••••• 842 INGHAM( E. GRAHAM ••••••••••••.••••••••••• 615 INMAN, SAMUEL GUy .•••••••••..••• 188, 404. 837 JOHNSON, HERBERT S •••••••….•••..•.••••• 263 KALA ••••••••••••••••••••..•••••.•.•••••.• 526 KELMAN, JOHN ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• 491 KING, MIlS. NOBLE C………………….. 131 KYLE, ALIClt M ………………….. .. 61. 220 Ll!AMER, VIDA ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 773 LavI)Jso,,; ISAAC •••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 913

SUBJECTS* PAGE PAGE Abyssinia Still Has Coptic Rule •………… 710 American Citizens. S'ome Oriental (a). G. W. Afghans in Persia, Work for. ..•……..••.. 869 Hinman •••…….•……………….. 203 AFRICA, Buried Like a Cbief in ……….. 383 – Indian Commission Urged……………. 70 – Call of ……………………..•••… 143 – Sunday School Union, Centennial…….. 69 =~~~e,f;:io~nf:~r.. ~~: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: 23~ – Work for Lepers …………………… 792 Americans Who Had Never Heard of Christ. 791 – Conference of Native Workers ……….. 797 America's Entrance into the War '0' •••••••• , 322 = .::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m – Darkest, Church Growth ~in ………….. 235 ~:~~oXb~un Andes, On Top of the (al. S. G. Inman… 837 Andong Colportage and its Results (a). J. Y.

Crothers ………………………… 353 – German Mission in Southwest. ……….. 152 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In the ………….. 797 – Gifts in Central……………………. 312 .Anti-Christian Magazine in Japan ……….. 388 – Handicapped Schools in……………… 382 Arab and His, Haunts (a). P. Harrison …. 731 – Home Missions in South ……………. 152 ARABIA, Descendants of the Crusaders In. 625 – Indian Christians Help Soldiers in …… 312 – Hejaz Kingdom ………….•………• 786 – Interned· Missionaries in…………….. 78 – Series of Incidents and Pen Pictures from -Largest C. E. Society in World in …….. 311 (a). Paul Harrison …….•………•. 731 – Load of Bibles in the Bush ……….. ,.. 543 Arabic in China ………………. _….. , 630 – Missionary Experiences Among the Senga ARGENTINA. Bible Coach in …•..•…… 795 (a). D. Fraser …………………… 419 — Facts About ……….. '…•….•…•…• 223 – Newspaper Evangelism in ……………. ~ n3966 ::::::::::::::::::::::::: m – Missionary Occupation of (a). Burbon St. – Prayer for ………………….•…..

_ Je~';lnSt~ti~~· i~: – Religious Conditions in (al. Clayton S. Cooper ………………… _.•…..•. 844 – Opportunity on the Niger ……………. 151 – Prison. Work for Women in Egypt …..• 235 ARMENIA and Syria, Ten Millions for Re- – Privations in War Time ……………. ; 797 lief in ……………………•……. 473 – Progress in West …………………… 633 -175,000 Orphans in …………..•.. _…. 477 – Rubber for Rum in …………………. 151 – Rescue of ………………….•……• 808 _ "Sasswood Test" in………………… 543 – What of the Night in (a). George E. White ………………………..•.• 520 – Schools in Moslem ……….•……….• 875 – Shortage of Medicines in……………. 633 Armenian Gratitude _…………………. 784 – South, Education in ………………… 236 – Need Increasing ………. _.. _…. _. . .• 149 – South, Salvation Arn'lL in………….. 383 – Patriarch, Action Against the ………..• '149 – Statistics of Protestant Missions at Work in 814 – Relief ………………….•..••…… 309 – The Dark Side of the Dark Continent. – Relief Continues. ………………….. 625 R. H. Milligan. • . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .. 891 – Situation. Bryce on the. _.. _… _.•…..•• 268 – Unique Amulet in ………………….. 234 ASIA MINOR, Greeks in ……………..• 784 – War Experience in East. Kala ……….. 526 –New Openings in ……………….. 74 – War R~sul.~s i,r;.: …………………… 875 – Some Impressions of (a). H. S. Coffin .. 425 – West, EhJah m ………………….. 312 Assam, Marriage Tie in……………….. 302 – West, StUdying French in ……………. 711 Australian Soldiers and Sailors Eye-witnesses African Christians, Growth Among………. 542 of Missionar)-C Work ……. : ………. , 237 – Mothers, For ……………………… 383 AUSTRIA, One Effect of War In ••••••• _ •.• 476 – Prayers .•…………………………. 876 Baffinland. Eskimo of………………….. 227 – Secretary's Work …………………. 711 Bagd~d,. Fall of. .. ',' ………………… _. 709 – Tribes, Making Headway in………….. 632 – M,SSIOn Property Destroyed. . . . . . . • . . . . . .. 945 Africans Learning French ………………. 955 – Need and Opportunity in ………•…… 150 -Problem of AlIens in. James 1. Vance …. 929 Baltimore Campaign, Remarkable (a). G. C.

Afro-American Synod …………………. 713 Thomas …………………………. 515 ALASKA, Pioneer Life Farthest North . . . . . . 156 BAPTIST Home Mission Schools . . . . . . . . . . 394 – Progress in ……………………….. 875 – Work for Indians ………………….• 874 – Where Everyone Goes to Church in …… 607 BASEL Missionary Society ……… ,…… 477 Alaskan Anniversary …….. ,…………. 772 – Missions, Work of the ………………• 398 Alcobolism in South America………….. 863 Battle Creek Conferences on Medical Mis- Algeria in Paris…………….. . . . . . . . . . .. 717 sions …………………………… 69 Albania, Appeals for Poland, and……….. 73 Beirut, Syrian Protestant College from the Inside (a). E. Couyumdjopoulos …..• 759 Alcohol in British Isles, War Arguments Against •………………………… 72 BELGIAN Relief in Holland …. : ……… 314 Alexandria, Christmas Ship at………….. 228 – Soldiers, Evangelizing the (a). Mrs. R.

AMERICA, Bohemians in ……………… 793 C. Norton ……………….•…….• 33 – A Christmas with Chinese Americans in. 909 . . Soldiers in L?nddn ………………… 795 – Chinese Students in ………………… 154 – Y. M. C. A. III Danger. …………….. 158 -Chinese Students in ,(a). T. T. Lew …. 440 Belgium. Nigerian Gifts to ……………… 543 – Church Federation Work in…………. 86 – From Ceylon to…………………… 301 – Ente~prising. Congregation in ………….. 474 Bengal, Winning Moslems in……………. 708 – ForeIgners ln …………………….. 873 Berea College, New Buildings for………. 70 – How to Reach Italians in (a). F. H. Berlin, Islam in •…………………….• 476 Wright .•••……………………… 589 BEN ARES, Thieves of..,., … " ………. 923 – In a Pacific Coast Harbor in………… 714 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT, Edited by Belle M. Brain ………………… _ 63 – Keep Christ, Can (a). H. S. Johnson …. 263 – Negroes' Migration Northward ……….. 645 – – for Mission Study (a). Mrs. N. C. – Oriental Students in ……………….. 472 King ………………………….•.. 131 – To Protect Training Camps in……….. 555 BIBLE Lands, Y. M. C. A. in ………..• 869 – Traveling School House in (b). Lee Mc- – A Hand Written ….•• _. . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 953 685 – Greece, a Country without the _. __ … _..•• 866 ::::: Crae 329 – Immigrants to Read the …..•………… 473 American i::h·r;~ti~~itY•. 'S~,;;" 'p~;il~ . t~: -Church Gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 – i n Chosen (a). W. C. Erdman …… 675. 752 * (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pa,ges in length. All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the month +- + when any given article appeared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 til the unit 10 obtained. For example: page 548 80 = 6. 1 =7 (July).

INDEX

PAGE PAGE jig Bi~le in M~xico .•…•…………••. ···•···· BOOKS. Our Eastern Question. T. F. Millard. 320a -!n Pe!~la …………. ·· .. ·············· – Panama Congress ………..•…….•.. 399 -!n Phlhppmes …………………….. – Recent Developments in China. G. H. 283677 Blakeslee ……………………..••. 320a – I n Russia … 00 •••• ••••••••••••••••••••• _ Lands, War in …………………….. 944 – Reg Rugs of Tarsus. H. D. Gibhons …… 880 _ on a Watch Chain ……………… ···. 228 – Religion in Europe and the World Crisis. C. E. Osborne ………………•….. 719 _ Stndents. Eager Korean ……………. 390 – Religion of Power. H. E. Kirk………. 80 _ Work, Facts Abont. ………………… 623 – Renascent Latin America. 'H. P. Beach …. 240 _ Work in Trenches …………………. 249 – Revolt in Arabia. C. S. Hurgronje …..• 799 Bibles for Hungarian Soldiers.: ………… 398 – Self-Discovery of Russia. J. Y. Simpson. 79 _ in the Bush, Load of ……………….. 543 – Soldiers of the Prince_ C. E. Jefferson .. 240 _ Into Nigeria, Importing…………….. 312 – Spalding, Franklin Spencer. J. H. Melish 877 Bickel; Captain of the Fukuin Maru, Japan – Spell of Egypt. A. Bell …………….. 400 (a). C. K. Harrington ……………. 651 – Students of Asia. G. S. Eddy ……….. 879 Bohemia, Protestants Oppressed in………. 796 – Tahan. J. K. Griffis……………….. 560 Bohemians in America ………………… 793 – Tale of the Labrador. W. G. Grenfell …• 800 Bombay Women Enlist……………….. 75 – Task that Challenges. S. L. Morris…… SOO "Bone-Dry" States, Soldiers in…………. 873 – Chinese Soothsayer, Converted ………… 240a Bonnell, Miss, of Shanghai. …………… 141 – Through the Jews to God. S. C. Kirk- BOOKS Across Asia Minor on Foot. W. J. patrick …………………………. 560a Childs ………………………….. 799 – Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman _ Africa, New Maps of. H. A. Gibbons …. 238 Empire. Viscount Bryce ……………. 400 _ African Adventurers. Jean Mackenzie (June) 377 – Unity of the Americas. R. E. Speer…… 80 -African Trail. Mackenzie (June) ……… 377a – World and the Gospel. J. H. Oldhaus.. 79 _ Ammunition, Missionary ……………. 143 – A World in Ferment. Nicholas M. Butler. 957 _ Apostles of the Belgian Trenches. J. K. – World Missions and World Peace. C. A.

McLean 'C~~t~;y 960 Bateman, . . _ Ro'~i~~d: 'Ni~~t~e'u'ti; Mason …………………………. 218 Apostle. R. Marconachie ………….. 399 – World Statistics of Christian Missions. H. P. Beach and B. St. John, Editors …… 160a _ Bearers of the Torch. K. R. Crowell …. 720 – World, the Church and the Devil. J. A. ~ Big Jobs for Little Churches. By John F. Cowan ………………………….. 960 Morgan ………………………•.. 560a – Birth of Mormonism. J. Q. Adams., …. 800 -On Missions and Mission Lands …•…•.• 880 _ Brazil Today'and Tomorrow. L. E. Elliott 559 BORNEO, Dyak Head Hunters in School.. 465 _ The Christian Confederacy. By Herbert – Head-Hunters …………………….. 798 Booth ………………………….. 960 – Industrial Mission in ……………..•.. 391 – Christian Movement in the Japanese Em- Brahmin, Testimony of a ……………•.• 148 pire. E. T. Iglehart. ……………. '" 880 – Women's Views on Caste ……………. 148 _ Christianity Practicable? Is. W. A. Brown 319 BRAZIL, Educational Progress in …….•.. 794 – The Churches of Christ in War Time. – Plans for Union in………………… 557 Edited bv Chas. MacFarland………… 960 – Problems in …………………….•.. 157 – Coming ot the Dawn. By J. A. Pierson. 960 – Religion of ………………………. 223 – Reli.gious <;:0':ldition~ in (a). A. Reis.; .. ' 287 – Conditions of Labor in American Industry, – SOCIal Chnshamty m ……………….. 396 . By W. J. Lauck and Ed"a)' S. Striker. 960 – Union Services in Sao Paulo ………… 157 -Congo Chattel. H. D. Campbell (July) ….. 560a BRITISH ISLES, War Arguments Against _ Cooperation in Coopersburg. By E. de S. Alcohol ………………………..•. 72 Brunner ……………… . . . . . . . . .. 900 – Missionary Statistics ………………. 16 – Davis, Soldier-Missionary. J. M. Davis .. 239 – Soldiers, Opportunities Among………… 475 – Famous Reformers of the Reformed and – Victory, in Syria, Meaning of……….. 868 Presbyterian. Churches. J. 1. Good …… 719 British and German Missions ………….. 943 – Fortv-five Years in China. By Timothy Bryce on the Armenian Situation …….•… 268 Richards ….•……………………. 958 Buddhism's Fight for Life (a). W. R.

– From Romance to Reality. H. C. Mabie. 720 Wheeler ……..•………………… 661 – Gateway to China. Mary N. Gamewell … 399 BUDDHIST Attit~de Toward Christianity .. 389 – How to Learn a Language. T. F. Cum- – Sunday-Schools In Japan ……•……..• 305 mings …………•………………. 240 Buenos Aires, Street WaIfs in …….•••.•.. 864 -'Human Leopards. K. J. Beatty ………. 240 BULGARIA, Storm-Center in …..••…..• 243 – The Immigrant and the Commumty. By – Things as They Are in (a). Miss 1. L. Grace Abbott …………….. ' ……. 959 – In Spite of the Handicap. J. D. Cor- Abbott ••…….•.•..••..•……..•.•• 357 rothers …………………………. 878 BURMA, Dr. Ma Saw Sa …………….. 787 – In the Heart of India. J. T. Taylor ….. 560 – Ruined Shrine in ., ………………… 870 – In the Land of Ararat. J. O. Barrows.. 559 – Temple Lights in ..••••…………….• 708 – Klondike Klan: S. H. young………… 320a Cairo, Girl Students in ……………….. 311 – Japan in World Politics. By K. K. – Safeguarding the Troops in (b). C. W.

_ T~:j~~'::~se' N~ii~';" . 'B~' 'i';;~~ .Nit~b~:: 958 Whithair •. . •. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . •. • . • . . . .. 769 Camyoun Mission, Romance of (a). A. 'W.

– Leadership of the New America. A. Mc- Ha soy ………….•.•…..•..•…….• 331 Clure ………………………….. 799 CANADA and Indian Immigration ………. 547 – Letters from my Home in India. Mrs. G. – and United States, 1915-1916. Statistics Churchill· ……………………….• 79 . of Foreign Missionary Societies of…… 88 – Mess.ages . from .•••…… _…………. 530 – The Library of Christian Co-operation. Edited !.>.y. Chas. S. Mac Farland …….. 959 – Literary History of Spanish America. A. – RUSSIans m .•…………..•……….. 71 Coester ……..•………………•.. 160b Canadi.an Church Growing……………..• 637 – IndIans and the Great Spirit (a). F. G. – Lure of Africa. C. H. Patton……….. 480 Stevens . . . . . . • . • • • • • • . . . . . . . • . . • • • • •• 122 – Mandarin and Missionary in Cathay. E. Canton College Boys are Doing, What.••…• 789 F. Borst-Smith ……………….•.•.. 800 Canton College, Conversions in.. 948 – Maps of China. M. Broomhall ……•…. 160a Caroline Islands, Japan and ….. ::::::::::: !S3 – Master Builder. C. H. Brent ….•……. 320 –Japan's ………………………… 317 – Mission'ary Ammunition ………….•…. 800 Caste in the Church ………………•..•• 386 – Missionary Milestones. M. Seebach .•…. 719 Catholic Troo!?s, Plans for Roman ..•…•••• 713 Caucasus, Rehef. ~ork in the ………….. 625 – Nationalizing America. E. A. Steiner…. 80 – The New Pacific. C. Brunsdon………. 957 CensorshIp, Pubhclty and……………••.• 646 – Origin and History of the Federal Coundl CENTR~L .AMERICA, Bishop for …••••• 157 of Churches of Christ in America. E. B. Sanford ……………………… 319 -..,… Unz.on In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 – CommIttee Notes ………………….. 300

PAGE PAGll Ceylon, Story from …………..•…….. 230 Chinese in Samoa ….•..•……………… 479 _ to Belgium, From ……: … : ………… 301 – New Testament ……………………. 305 _ Why the Priests are AnxIOus In ……… " 627 – Mental Revolution …………•……… 402 – Moslem Converted …………………. 144 Challenge of a Great Task. Belle J. Allen 298, 376 _ to Advance ……………. : …. : ….. :. 12 – Republic Profitable Investment ……….• 144 Chapg, Mr., of tMheissCrJy. stca.l Spring VIllage In 52 – Rivers, Along ……………. . . . . . . . . . •. 706 China (a). Carter .•……… – Short Cut to ……….•……………. 630 Chautauqua, Home Missions at. Mrs. G. H. – Shorthand for the ………………….. 553 Swift .•…•……………………… 858 – Social Changes Among the ….. :……… 83 Chicago Hebrew Missi?n.: ……………… 636 – Students in America …………..•….. 154 – – i n America (a). T. T. Lew …..•….. 440 _ Rousing a Commumty In.· .. ···••••······ 634 _ Y. M. C. A. Missions ……. ··.· .. ······· 69 – Taels, Dollars Instead of ……………. 467 Chief in Africa, Buried Like a. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 383 – Women Get New Outlook …………… 388 Child Murder to Al?pease God~………… 946 – Women Leaders, Training …………… 246 Child Welfare ExhibIt, ?hangha.1..: ……… 789 – Women, New Magazine for ………….. 468 – Women, Open Door for (a). Miss F. R. Childhood in Ecuador, Sms Agamst ………. 864 _ W~!aa~'~ . S~·c~~~~ . ::: ::::: :::::::::: ::: :: 107 CHILDREN, Christian Literature for Other Women and (b). MISS A. M. Kyle…… 61 _ War and the. R. E. Speer. ………….. 567 CHOSEN, (Korea) Bible in (a). W. C. 948 CHINA, Arabic in …………………… 630 Er.dman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675, 752 – Chnstlan College …………………… 7()4 _ Awakening of ……………………… 8 _ Bible Class of Officials in ……………. 552 – HConfession Meetings" in ……………. 471 _ Campaign for Moslems in …………… 725 – Day's Work for the Church in ……….. 791 _ Challenge of ……………. :……….. 304 – Kim's Zero Marks ………….•…….. 631 – Preaching Competition in …………… 307 _ Christian Unity Demonstrated. m 304 _ Consequences of a Temple FITe………. 949 – Problems of ………………………. 7 _ Conversions in Canton Colle!:e. . . . . . . . . . .. 948 – Training Christian Workers in ………… 389 _ Cooperation with Non-Christians in……. 705 – Widespread Suffering in …………….. 704 _ Disturbances in Cben-tu …………….. 469 Christ? Is the World Turning to ……•…. 167 _ Education vs. Plural Marriages …•……. , 949 CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR, Growth of …… 69 _ Fears from America, What ………….. 551 – – Society in the World in Africa, Largest 311 – Endeavorers, Japanese ………………. 631 _ Foot-Binding Still Common in ……….. 145 Christianity Has Given Japan, What (b). O. _ Glimpses of Ginling. Miss F. Mead …… 460 .Cary ……………………………. 689 _ Greek Church Missions in …………… 3()5 Chnstmas Ship at Alexandria …………… 228 _ Heathenism as it Works Out in ……… 552 – With Chinese Maidens in America …… (a)909 _ Home-Made Evangelism in ………….. 468 CHURCH and the World Today (a). R. E.

_ Home Mission Work in …………….. 144 _ How Can We Help ………………… 91 Speer ………………………….• 667 _ Idol Processions Begin Again in ……… 553 – and the Soldier, The ……………….. :. 888 _ Industrial Revolution in …………….. 628 – Federation, Promoting ……………..• 810 _ Influencing Future Leaders in ……….. 304 – Federation Work in America ………… 86 _ Lights and Shadows in ……•………•. 485 – of England, United Free …………… 72 – Program, Missions in the (a). By Leading. _ Market Towns as Gospel Centers in …… 232 Laymen ……………………….. 29 _ Medical Union in Canton ……………. 629 _ Menace of Morphine in …………….. 871 CI":rY C)'lUrches, Cost of ….•……….. :: 222 _ Monastery for a Mission in ………….. 232 – m EpIgrams ……………………•.•• 226 _ Morphia Trade With .•……………..• 706 .- Missions, Strong …………………… 155 _ Mr. Chang of the Crystal Spring Village College Girls in Peking ……………… 629 – Women in America and Their Sister C~I: in (a). Miss J. C. Cochran………… 52 I~ge in Ind!a (a). Mrs. H. W. Peabody 681 _ Nanking Student Evangelist …………. 789 ConflIct, Spreading World ……………… 321 – New and Old ……………………… 582 Confucianism not Democratic ………….. 232 _ New Station Opened In ……………… 467 CONGO, Christian Life in the ………•..• 543 _ New Vices for …………………….. 628 -New Work in South ………………… 949 – Go.O? News fro.m the ……………..•.• 235 _ Opium Fight in …………………… 76 – Splntuall:'eed tn ••••••••.•••••.••..•••••• 954 _ Outlook for Religious Liberty for (a). – Tr~ubles m th!, …………..•……..•. 151 – Umte~ Work tn the ………………… 478 A. H. Smith …………………….. 578 – Pay,. Do Missions in. J. Arnold ……… 130 Constantinople College for Girls…………. 74 – – ~oe~ on .•………………………. 869 _ POSSIble Menace of ……………..•… 788 _ Print and Progress in …….. ',' . . . . . . . .. 726 Conshtuh?n of the Woman's Federation ..•. 297 _ Public Health Work in ……………… 468 Const,uct!ve Warfare …………………. 890 _ Ouiet Evangelism in ……………….. 81 Contnbuhons, European Missionary ……..• 397 _ Refuge in Mission Compounds in……… 76 COqPERATION Among Italians, Venture _ Religious Liberty Adopted for ……….. 806 . tn (b). U. L. Mackey ……………… 595 – 10 Cuba……………………….. 156 – Reminder of. Boxer l?a~~ !n ………….. 705 _ Results of HammerIng In …•……..• 388 – With Non-Christians in China …….. :.:: 705 _ Rev. W. A. P. Martin, of (a). A. J. Brown 195 Corbett, Rev. Dr. Hunter, Fifty Years in _ Saving the Idol's "Face" in …………. 705 C~efoo ………………………….. 469 _ Simplified Reading for ……………… 551 CounCIl of Women for Home Missions 535 _ Some Relics of Old (a). C. E. Scott…… 571 Crisis, Missions and the Present. …. ::::::: 241 _ Sunday-School Work in …………….. 871 Cuba, Cooperation in .•.•…………….•. 156 _ Training for Soul Winners in ……….. 551 – Crowded School in ………•………..• 71 _ Union Services in a Temple in ……….. 7()6 – Low Ideals in …………………..•.. 638 Culture of Missionary Interest (a). R. H. – Valnable Additions to Church in …….. 145 _ Why Should Missionaries Fight Fire in … 231 Brennecke ……………………….. 608 DDEalr'k¥llS'id~ean of the Dark Continent R H – Work for Moslems in ………………. 807 …… ….. ………. . .- … – Yale Hospital in …………………… 789 . . . . . : 891 China's Primary Need ………………… 23 – Unrest and Missions ……………….. 561 – Baring-Gould. Rev. Baring ……….. 8~5786 – Bickel, Captain, of Japan ………… :::: Chinese Attack Immorality ….•……….. 144 _ Boys, Christian Work for …………… 145 – Brewster, Dr. Wm. N., of China……… 78 _ Campaign, National ………………… 643 – Brown, Dr. George, of Australasia …….. 640 _ Christians, Devoted •……………….. 231 – Chambers, Robert, of Turkey ………… 479 – Dag~r, Rev. Wm. M., of Africa ……..•.. 876 _ Christians Protest ………………….. 387 – Coolies in France ….•………………. 944 – DaVIS, John W., o f!=-C., hoifnaJa.p.a.n. •…..•..•. 718 – De~ring, Dr. John …•.•.. 78, 160 – Girl. at Work ……………………… 304 -DWIght, Henry OttlS ……………….. 558 _ Governmental Crisis ………………… 303

INDEX

PAGE l'AClK Deaths, Elliott, Archdeacon, of China . . . . . . . . 718 Formosa, Woman Missionary to …………• ;003 – Fagg, John G……………………… 479 Four Million Dollar Mark (a) ……. ·….••• 499 – Farnham, Dr., of China …………….. 398 Four Questions With Myself. J. C. White .. 771 – Frissell, H. B., of Hampton …………. 718 Fourth Stanza, Omitting the_ Mrs. E. C. – Gage, Miss, of Turkey ……………… 798 Cronk ., …. , …………………….. 222 – Greene, Joseph K., of Turkey ………… 318 Fourteen Years of Recruiting ………….. , 951 – Grier, Mark B., of China ….. , ……… , 318 FRANCE, Algeria in ……………… , … 717 – Guerrant, Dr. Edward ………………. 9.6 – Haden, Robert A .• of China …………. 318 – Bit of India in ……………………. 313 – Hagar, Dr. Charles R., of China ………. 876 – Chinese Coolies in …………………. 944 – Haigh, Rev. Henry …………………. 876 – Gipsy Smith in ……………………. 944 – Johnson, Bishop, of Africa ………….. 798 -In the Hits in ………………….. ". 623 – Lee, Rev. Graham ………………….. 160 – McAlI Mission in War-time .• , ……….. 159 – The McAH Mission ……………….. . – Leonard, Delavan L………………… 168 – Salvationists at the Front ….•. " ….•…. 943 – Lloyd, J. W., of Africa …………….. 318 French, Africans Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955 – Martin, Dr. W. A. P., of China (a). A. – in Louisiana, Among the ….•………… 636 – Munition Workers …………………. 795 J. Brown …………………….. 160, 195 – Protestants, Tragic Need of …………… 397 – Mitchell, Dr. Alice, of India …………. 160 Friends' Industrial Mission in Africa (a).

– Monteith, Moses, of Idaho………….. 398 Miss M. W. Stanley ………………. 815 – Morehouse, Rev. H. L., of N ew York …. , 558 Friendship, Women and International ……. 314 – Murray, Andrew, of South Africa …….. 237 Galicia, Suffering in ………………….. 624 Garden City, At. Mrs. W. H. Farmer ……. 217 – Porter, Dr. H. D., of China …………. 160 GERMAN Camps, American Work in …… , 393 – Riggs, Mrs. Henry H., of Turkey…….. 558 – Mission in Southwest Africa …………. 152 – Ryder, Rev. Charles J ……………….. 956 – Missions, British and ………. , ….. , . '… 943 – Walker, Bishop ……………………. 640 – Missions, British Care of .. _. . . . . . . . . . . .. 865 – Watson, Dr. Andrew, of Egypt……….. 78 – Reformed Board Work for Moslems by, .. 226 – Yamamuro, Mrs., of Japan ………….. 640 Germany, Day of Prayer for …………… 874 – Juvenile Crime in ………………….. 624 Decalogue in Africa …………………… 382 GIFTS in Central Africa .. , ……….. ' … , 312 Delay no More ………………………. 328 – that Endure (Poem) ………………… 290 Devil Worship in Guatemala. Paul Burgess 91.1 – Samoa's Record ,., ….•………… , …. 956 Ding Li Mei, Touring with ……………. 468 – ShaH We Curtail Mission ……………. 886 Gilbert Group of Islands, Christian Union Dodge, Grace, Memorial Fund ………….. 472 Doleib Hill, Sudan, World from (a). S. in the ………………………….. 646 – Islands, MarshaH and ……………….. 541 Trowbridge ……………………… 739 Ginling, Glimpses of. Miss F. Mead., …… 460 – CoHege … , ……………………….. 141 Dyak Head Hunters in School …………. 465 – – Nanking, China, Beginners of Work at Ecuador, Sins Against Childhood in …….. 864 EDUCATION in Korea, Missionary …….. 307 (a). Miss F. R. Mead ……………. 107 – in South Africa ……………………. 236 Girls in India, Baby …. , ……………• ,. 467 – Patriotic League for …………….•…. 729 – that Counts in Porto Rico …………… 395 Give, How Korean Women ……………… 951 EGYPT, Camp at Port Said …………… 310 Gives, Why Westminster Chapel …….• " .. 396 GIVING Church …. , …………………. 222 – Newspaper Evangelism in (b). S. M. – Main Drive of the Tithing System (b). Zwemer ..•………………………. 261 B. Wilson …………….. ', ……•.. 351 – Prison Work for Women in ………….. 235 – Nine DoHars per Capita ' •….. " …•. , .. 226 ENGLAND, Facing a Crisis in (b). W. H. – Thoughts on ………..•……….. , .••• 539 Griffith Thomas …………………… 611 God in Russia, Manifesto Against ……….. 867 – Missionary Conception of .. , …. , … ,…. 87 – Foreign Students in ………………… 158 God's Battle-Line (a). Mrs. Grace Pettman – Non·Conformist Cabinet in …………… 397 Pout ………..••… , .•………. ,.,.. 171 – Prohibition in …………………….. 158 -View of the World …………. "……. 1 – Sunday School Campaign ……………. 73 Gospel Team, Business Men's ……… , .••• 394 – Transforming Billingsgate …………… 865 _ United Free Church of ……………… 72 GREECE, Country Without the Bible .. , .•.• 866 Enlisting Students for Missions. Mrs. H. R. – Safe Amid Shells in ……………….. 624 Greek Church Missions in China …….•.••• 305 Steele …………………………… 219 Greeks in Asia Minor ……••…… , .. ,…. 784 Entertaining Angels Unawares ………….. 909 – in Turkey, Suffering ….•………. ,.,., 867 Erdman, Walter, of Korea, Idle Moments of 267 Grenfell, Dr. Wilfred T ….. ,., ……… , .. 474 ESKIMO, Christianity Among the (a). Au· GUATEMALA, From Gambler to Preacher in 794 brey Fullerton ……………………. 602 – Devil Worship in. Paul Burgess……….. 915 – Indians of ………………………•. , 224 – Educating the ……………………… 556 – Influencing Even the Parrots in ….. , …. 715 – of Baffinland ………………………. 227 Hackett, E. A. K.-Newspaper Philanthro- EUROPE, American Students in ……….. 795 .pist (a). D. E. Luther ……….. , …. 269 – M;alag!'sy ~hristians in ……………… 73 Haiti Delivered from Fear ….. , •. " .. , …. 224 – SltuatlOn In •••••.••…..•…..••••••.•• 1 Hangchow, Working Together in …•.. , …. 551 – War and Child Morality in ………….. 313 – Work for Soldier in ……………….. 565 Health Work in China, Public …….. " … 468 EUropean Missionary Contributions ……… 397 HEBREW Christian Alliance of America at Evangelism in China, Home-made ……….. 468 Pittsburgh (b). A. Payne …………• 613 Evangelistic Campaign in J aEan, Results of the 805 – Mission, Chicago ……. ,……………. 636 Factory Girls in Shimada, Japan ……….. 703 – Christians as Missionaries (a). Francis I, Factory Slavery in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 Denman ………….. "…………… 283 Hebrews in Conference, Christian (b). Arthur FEDERATION, Cbnstitution of the Woman's 297 Payne …………………………… 613 – of Women's Foreign Mission Societies, HINDU Life of Christ ……….. , …….. 386 Hinduism, Effort to Spread ………. , ….. 786 Laws of the …………………….•. 378 – New Movement in ……………. , … ,. 727 HoHand, Belgian Relief in …………….. 314 Fe..t.isRh.ism?, Mental and Moral Degradation of. 891 HOME MISSION Bulletin, Woman's. Miss ¥iIIigan…………………… FIJI, IndIans In •••••••..•••..•.•••••.•••••• 154 E. B. Vermilye and Mrs. P. M. Ross· man …….. , .• , •………… 535, 699, 858 Fiji, For the Indians in ……………….. 955 – – Schools, Baptist …. ,…………….. 394 FILIPINO Students ……………..••…• 601 –Week ………………………….. 699 –Church for ……………………… 541 Filipinos and the War …………. _…….. 711 – Education for Poor…………………. 541 Finding Her Lost Treasures ……………. 701 Finger of God (b). E. G. ..rngham ……….• 615 Foot-binding Still Common in China …….. 145 FOREIGN MISSIONS as a Soldier Sees Them (b). . …………………….. 665 – – Conference …………………….. , 89 FOREIGNERS in America " " " " " " " " 873

PAGE PAGB Home Mission Work in China …………•.. 144 INDUSTRIAL Conditions in Japan ……… 470 – Missions Council ..•………………..• 89 – Mission in Africa, Friends' (a). Martha – – in South Africa ••……………….. 152 –100 Years of ………………….. .. 556 W. Stanley ……………………… 815 Honduras, Struggle for Progress in ……… . 164 – – in Borneo ……………………… 391 Hopi Indians and Their Religion (a). L. I. Inter!,a~ional Fri<:ndship ……………. 619, 783 – M,ss,onary UOIon ………………….. 636 Thayer ………………………… .. 507 Interest, Culture of Missionary (a). R. H. Humorous Stories from Missionary Literature 209 Hungarian Soldiers, Bibles for ………… . 398 Brennecke •……•………………. , 608 Hungry for the Gospel? Are People. R. Interned Missionaries in Africa ………..• 78 E. Sp~er ……………………….. . 401 INTOXICANTS and Missions …….•….. 728 Hymns, Missionary Stories of the ………. . 691 – Fight Against •……•.. , …………..• 482 Idol Processions Begin Again in China …. : 553 Investment, Chinese Republic Profitable….. 144 Idols, Destroying ……. '.' ……………. . 947 Investments in Foreign Missions (a). Dwight 'Immlgrants to Read the BIble …………. . 473 Immorality, .Chinese Attack ……………• 144 H. Day …• '" .•…………………• 23 INDIA. The Agricultural Missionary …… . 947 Ireland, Mission Work in. Dublin ……….. 623 – Baby 9ir18. ilJ •••.•….••..•…………. 467 – CampaIgn In ••••••••.•••••.•.••••.•••••• 229 ISLAM After the War ……………….. 721 – Child Murder to Appease Gods ……….. . 946 – Challenge of (a). Paul Harrison ……… 445 – College Women in America and Their Sis- – in Berlin …•..•…………………… 476 – in Malay Peninsula …………………. 464 ter College in (a). Mrs. H. W. Peabody 681 -War and …………………………. 3 – A Community of Former Thieves ……. . 946 Islands of the Sea. Christian Union in the …. 646 , – Cooperative Bank in ……………….. . 548 – Destroying Idols ………………… . 947 ITALIAN Presbyterians ………………. 635 – Do Missionaries Die Y Dung in ………. . 549 Italians, Venture In Cooperation Among (b). – Facts About the Mass Movement …….. . 466 – Freed from Fear of Devils …………. . 946 U. L. Mackey ……………………. 59 – Ffty.fifty Plap in ………………….. . 75 – in America, How to Reach (a). Freder· – FIrst ImpressIons tn ……………….. . 301 – For the Jews of Calcutta ……………. . 707 ick H. Wright .•……………….••.. 589 – Hardships for Christ's Sake in ………. . 302 – Hindrances Due to the War in ……… . 787 ITALY, Mission College in Rome ………•. 159 – How an Automobile Helps in …….•…. 301 – War·time Work in •………………..• 717 – Hundredfold Harvest in ……………. . 465 Jail, Newspaper Evangelism in ………….. 639 – Importance of the Outcaste in ………. . 147 – In "The Village of the Gods" in …….. . 302 JAPAN and America-Friends ……..•…. 13 – Lotteries and the War Loan in …….. . 707 – and Captured Islands ……………….. 153 – Marked Man in the Town ..• ; ……..•.. 708 – and Chosen, Impressions of. Fred. B. – Mass Movement in ••…………….•. 9, 626 – Presbyterian Church of …………….. . 547 Fisher •..••……………….•.•….. 850 – Prospects in ……….••…………•… 76 – Anti·Christian Magazine in …………… 388 – Rajput's Verdict in ………………… . 547 – Attempt at. the Revival of Buddhism in – Reaching Parsees in Karachi ……….. . 148 – Redeeming Robber Tribes in ………… . 465 (a). W. R. Wheeler …………….. 661 – Remarkable Campaign in (a). H. A. Popley 251 – Buddhist Sunday·Schools in ……..•….. 305 – Secret Believers in ………••……….• 385 – Builder of the Kingdom in ………….• 77 – Special Meetings in Berar …………•.• 787 – Christian Literature in Schools in …….. 872 – Summary of Foreign Mission Work in … . 386 – Christian Members of Parliament in ….. 790 – Thieves of Benares. C. Phillips Cape … . 923 – Conditions in Factories Improve in…… 77 – Tor!, .Tracts .G,!od ".Ads" …•….••…•.• 230 – Danger of Compromise in …………..•. 554 – TraInIng ChrIstians In •••••••••••••••••• 787 – Factory Girls in Shimada……………. 703 – Transformation Scenes in (a). Edward – Factor~ Slavery in …………………. 9.10 – Final Step Taken in ………………… 554 Lincoln Smith ……•…………….. 831 – In the Slums in Kobe ………………. 872 – Union Work in South ……………••.. 466 – Industrial Conditions in .•…………..• 470 – Volunteers for the Campaign in …….. . 301 – Memorial Services for Dead in … ;……. 233 – War and Missions in. J. C. R. Ewing… . 804 – National Sunday-School Work ……….. 389 – Patriot's View of Christianity in……… 470 – What Have Missions Done for. J. T. – Peace Movement in ………………… 245 – Red Cross in …•…………………… 306 Taylor …………………•………. 674 – Results of Evangelistic Campaign in…… 805 – What it Means to Close a School in …•.. 75 – Results of Newspaper Evangelism in ….. 790 – Youthful Christians in ……..•••..•…. 230 – Sabbath and the Mill Owner in ………• 471 India's National Missions ……………••. 548 – Spiritual Unrest in ………………..• 643 INDIAN Adopts a School …………… .. 548 – Story of Captain Bickel of the Fukuin – Approach to the .•..•……•.•…….••• 394 – Babies, Opium for ……………….. .. 548 Maru (a). C. K. Harrington ………•. 651 – Becomes a Citizen .•…….•…….•..•• 474 – Temperance Movement in ……………. 703 – Camp Meeting …………………… .. 226 – Today and Tomorrow ………………. 883 – Christian Help Soldiers ………•…••… 312 – War Times in …………………….. 950 – Christians, Among …………..•..•..•• 467 – What Christianity has Given (b). Otis – Christians, Rights of ………..•…••..• 627 ~ Commission Urged, American …•…..••• 70 Cary ……………………………. 689 – ).¥h~t Won t)te Poli~em:,;n. in …………. 146 – "W:dely LOV1n,~ .Soclety In… • • . • • • • • •• 470 – Wmnlng Out In ••••••••••..•••••••••• 790 – Work for the Next Generation ……….. 703 – Worker in Slums of Kobe …………… 306 – Yokohama's "Chinafown" ……•…….. 630 – Converts, Troubles of ………….••.•.• 870 Japan's Ideals? What Shall be . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 – Evangelistic Campaign …………•..•..• 86 – Need and Response………………… 5 – Im~i~ation, Caoada and …….•…….. 547. – New Islands ………………………. 317 – InVItation ……………'………….. .. 777 Japanese Bishop Proposed ………..••••.•• 146 – Leaders, Development of …………….• 166 – Boys, Ideals of ………….•……….• 233 – Progressive .••………………….•..• 637 – Christian Endeavorers …………•…… 631 Indians and the Great Spirit, Canadian (a). – Christians, Honors for ………………. 305 F. G. Stevens •…….•……..•.•••..• 122 – Evangelist, Great …………………… 553 Indians and Their Religion, Hopi (a). L. – Islanders, Neglected ………………•. 873 – Officials Interested in Missions …•..•..•. 306 I. Thayer ….••.•.•…..••……..•… 507 – Salvationist ………………•..•..•.••• 146 – Baptist Work for ……… ; …………. 874 – Sunday·School Teachers ……•..••••.••• 872 – Churches and the ………………….. 474 – View of Japan's Need ………………. 190 – Conditions Among the Navajo. H. A. Clark 917 – Women Emerging from Bondage .•…•••• 245 – Gesture Language of the ……………. 774 – Women Liberated ………………….. 403 – in Fiji ……•……••..•••.••.•.••••••. 154 – New Policy Towards ……………….. 792 lava, Needs of .•.•.•..•..•….••…••..••• 391 ~ of Guatemala ……………………… 224 'Jesus Loves Me" Round the World •••••••• '177 PAGE PAGB JEWISH Flag ………………………. 718 Malagasy Christians in Europe………….. 73 – Massacres in Palestine ……………… 544 Malay Peninsula, Islam in the ………….. 464 – Missions, Advance in ………………. 566 Jews in Palestine …………………….. 868 MALAYSIA, Needs of………………… 628 ~ in Russia, Mission to: ………………. 944 – No Heathen Temple for Miles in ……•.. 231 – of Calcutta, India, For the …. :………. 707 -People of …………… _…………… 549. – ~f Lithuania, AlII;on/i the. Isaac Levinson. 913 Malekulan Martyrs, New Hebrides …….. ~ .. 153 – Pro Causa J udalca .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22l! Manchuria, Advance into ……………..•. 631 Johannesburg, In the Gold Mines of. …….. 152 Manchuria, Evangelism in ……………… 950 Junior Book for 1917-1918 ……………… 139 Manila, "We Brothers of 99"…………… 7i2 Kamerun, Conditions in the . ~ ………….. 311 Marriages, Education vs. Plural………… 949 Kanamori, Rev. Paul …………………. 553 Marshall and Gilbert Islands……………. 541 Karen Christians Build· a School………… 149 Martin, of China, ·Rev. W. A. P. (a). Arthur Kennedy School of Missions ……………. 712 Kentucky, Modern Methods Invading Moun- J. Brown ……………………….. : 195 Martyrs, March of the. C. V. Vickrey …… 368 tains in (a)_ Mrs. C. S. Everts . . . . . . . . 365 Khartum, News from …………………. 632 MASS MOVEMENT in India ………….. 626 Kongo, Miracles on the (b). C. C. Mabie. . .. 57 – Movements in India, Facts About the ….. 466 McAlI Mission in War-time …………….. 159 KOREA, (Cbosen), Anti-Christian Boycott in 307 – Mission's Opportunity ………………. 717 – .JjIible in .(a). W'!lter" C: Erdman……… 675 McNeill, Rev. Dr. John ………………… 475 – ConfeSSIOn Meetmgs m.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 471 McNeill, John, and the General. ……….. " 623 – Fruits of a Revival. ……………….. 951 Measles, Patagonian Remedy for …………. 396 – Jesus Doctrine Book ………………… 7M Mecca, Reforms a t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 0 – Missionary Education in ……………. 307 – Missionary's Idle Moments in ……….•. 267 MEDICAL MISSIONS, Battle Creek Con- – Problems of .•…•…………………. 7 ferences on ……………………..•. 69 – Sunday-Schools for All Ages…………. 471 Korean Assembly, Moderator …………… 554 – Standards in China …..•…………… 705 – Bible Conferences …….. :………….. 554 – Union in Canton…………………… 629. – Bible Students, Eager ………………. 390 Medicines in Africa, Shortage of………… 633 – Boys, Winning ••.•…………………. 308 Meetings, Scripture Lessons for Missionary – Christian Literature ………………… 147 -Church at Work (a). J. Y. Crothers ….. 353 Talks and. Belle M. Brain………… 93() – Church Life .•..••…………………. 830 Men and Millions Movement……………. 635 – Church, Unity in the……………….. 85 Mesopotamia, Oasis in…………………. 785 – Donkey's Example …………………. 791 – Red Triangle in ……………………. 546 – Evangelism, Successful ……………… 642 Mesopotamian Campaign and Missions……. 325 – Evangelist ………………………… 147 METHODIST World Program ………….. 873 – Good Samaritan ……………………. 704 – Work for Soldier Boys ………………. 952 – Lepers ……….. :………………… 390 – Missions) New Records in…………….. 70 – Pastor's View ….•..•…..•…………. 631 – Work in Mexico …………………… 395 , – Students, Winning …………………. 234 METHODS. Department of Best. Belle M.

Korean Women Give, How ……………. 951 Brain •………………………….. 930 Koreans Give, How the ………………… 234 – Missionary, in Young People's Societies (a). Kro08, Revival Among the ……….. ; …… 542 Kublai Khan, Neglected Land of (a). G. H. R. P. Anderson …………………… 63 Mexican Border, Word from the ………… 154 Bonfield……….. ……………….. 93 – Constitntion ……………………….. 793 Labrador, Medical Students in ………….. 474 Me~ican Protestants, Influence of …….. ',. 953 Laos, Spirit Worship Among the (a). J. L. – Mission Conference …………………. 714 Mexicans. as Miners in the North……….. 638 Hartzell …………………………. 437 – Fine Traits of …………………….. 862 LATIN AMERICA, In ……………….. 9 – in Texas, Reaching………………….. 395 Latin American Feeling, Change in …. ; ….• 862 MEXICO, Bible In ……………………. 156 Latrobe, Bishop of Herrnbut. …………. 956 – Christian Union in………………….. 794 Laymen's Missionary Convention in Lexington 316 – Government and Missions in …………. 801 – A Hand Written Bible ……………… 9.13 LEPER Asylum, Chiengmai, Siam ………. 303 – Idolatry in .•……………………… 862 Lepers, American Work foy ••…….•.•..•• 792 – Methodist Work in ………………….. 395 – Chapel for ………………………… 237 – Missionary Conference in. S. G. Inman .. 404 – Home for American ………………… 393 ~ Missionary Report from ……………… 317 – Korean •••… ;…………………….. 390 -New ..•………………………….. 638 – New Evangelical Seminary in (b). John Let Me Do My Work from Day to Day (Poem). Henry Van Dyke ………..• 814 Howland ………………………… 842 – Open Mind in ……… '…………….. 475 Lexington Convention, Laymen's ………… 316 – Promises for ………………………. 163 Life and Death in the Trenches (a). John – Roman Church in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225 Michigan, Mormons in … _. .. .. .. .. . .. .. …. 874 Kelman ………………………….. 491 Mindanao, For Advance in ……………… 541 Lilliputian Heresy; Down With the (a). Mrs_ – Neglected …………………………. 390 Miracles on the Kongo (b). Catherine C. E. C. Cronk …………………..••• 291 Liqnor Traffic ……………………….• 155 Mabie…………………………… 57 Missionaries' Sons, Patriotism of………… 791 LITERATURE for the Orient, Christian. MISSIONARY Captain and his Gospel Ship Alice M. Kyle …………………….. 220 (a). C. K. Harrington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 – in Schools in Japan, Christian ………… 872 – Education Movement ……………..•.. 392 Lithuania, Among the Jews of. Isaac – Fellowships ……………………….. 635 Levinson ……………………….. 913 – Occupation of Africa (a). Barton St. John 811 Loa Chao Islands ……………………• 873 – Showers. V. Leamer……………….. 773 London Missionary Society in Central Africa .. 312 – Training Institute, Union ……………. 393 Lord's Day, Protecting the …………….. 392 Missionary's Idle Moments ……………… 267 Lotteries and the War Loan in India…. _… 707 Missions and Relief Work…………•…•. 247 Luebo Results ……………………….• 382 – "Billy" Sunday on………………….. 525 Luther, Martin, Some Opinions of …….•…. 587 – Fifty Years Ago, and Now (a). Eugene Lutheran Anniversary Sermons, Suggestions Stock …………………………… 17- for …………………………….•. 621 – Waste Paper for …….•… __ ….••..• " 636 – Work in the Sudan …………………. 796 – Union Movement Among…•..•.••..•• 565, 650 – Working on Schedule ………………. 648 Ma Saw Sa, Dr………………………. 787 Mobilizing the Churches ……………..••. 568 Madagascar, Missions in .•…..•••..•…•••• 478 Modern Methods Invading the Kentucky Madras, Woman's Christian College………. 139 Mountains (a). Mrs. C. S. Everts .••••• 365 Madrasat·Es·Salaam. Ethel· W. Putney•••••• 762 Mohammedans, Blue _………………….. 232 PAGE PAGE Monastir! Americans in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Patriotic League for Girls …. , ….•.•. , .729, 768 – Christian Nurse in………………….. 74 Patriotism of MisslOnaries' Sons …….•…• 791 .Mongolia, Great Unoccupied Mission Field PEACE Movement in Japan …………•… 245 – 'Women, Missions and …………..•…. 141 (a). G. H. Bonfield………. ………• 93 Peking, College Girls in……………….. 629 Moody Institute, Graduates of the ……….. 394 – Special Meetings in ………………… 871 Moravian Missionary Spirit, Study of the Perils to American Chrisitanity, Some . . . . . . . 329 PERSIA, Call from ………………….. 75 Source of (a). R. H. Brennecke……. 608 – A Substitute for a Doctor…………… 945 MORMONS in Michigan . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 – Demand for Books in ………………. 229 Morphia Trade with China ……………… 706 – Effects of the War in ……………….. 785 Morphine in China, Menace of…………. 871 – From Eye Witnesses …… , ………….. 945 MOSLEM Africa, Schools in … , . . . . . . . . . . . 875 – Greatest Need in ………………….. 786 – at Prayer (b). Arthur V. Liley ……… 751 – Light in a Dark Place in …………….. 385 – Converted, Chinese ….•…………….. 144 – New Interest in …………………… 626 – Lands, Awakening in ………………… 562 – Relief Work in ……………………. 384 – or Christian in the Sudan……………. 327 – Relief Work in West ……………….. 546 – Sunday:~chool Boys ………………… 796 – Sad. Baptismal Service in ………… , . . .. 546 – Superstitions …•.. ,', ……. " …. , .. ,.. 784 – Soclal Changes …………………….. 5 – Thought, Progress in "', ….. ,.,…….. 403 – Word of God in …………………… 310 – Tribute to Mission Schools ………… ,. 14& – Work for Afghans in ……………….. 869 – Women, Emancipation of ………. , …. 724 Persian Mountaineers Accessible ………… ISO Moslems in Bengal, Winning …. " .. ,……. 708 PERU, Christian Activities in …………. 223 – in China, Campaign for." …….. ,…… 725 – Prohibition in ……………………… 475 – in China, Work for ……… ,………… 807 – What is Lima Like .•……………..••. 716 – in South Africa, Missions to………….. 886 Philippine Revival ……………………. 798 – Lines of Approach to ……………….. 383 PHILIPPINES, Bible in the …………… 237 – More Work for ……………………. 226 – Change in the ……… , …………….. 486 – Why Pray for (b). S. M. Zwemer ……. 450 – Christian Union in the ………. , …….• 646 – Leper Colony in …………………… 237 Moslem's Preparation for Prayer. Arthur V. – Membershi]J _Twice Doubled………….. 955 Liley …………………………… 519 – Neglected Mindanao ….•…… , ….•… 390 – Opportunity in the …………………… 153 Motion Pictures, Value of Missionary (a). – Pictures from the (b). William B. Cooke 599 Sumner R. Vinton ……………….. 429 – Progress in ………………………. 884 – Silliman Institute ………………….• 633 Motives, Missionary …………………… 142 – Sunday· School Rally in the ………….. 391 Mountams, Modern Methods Invading Ken· – Wild Tribes at School in …………….. 634 Pictures, Preaching and Teaching Thr(1bgh tucky (a). Mrs. C. S. Everts . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Munition Workers, For Swiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 (a). Belle M. Brain ………………. 369 – Workers, Testaments for. ……………. 865 Pierson Memorial Bible School, Seoul. …… 234 Nanking, Federated Work in ..•………. ,., 77 Pocket Testament Prayer· League. . . . . . . . . . .. 792 – – – a t the Front …………………. 72 National Bible Institute Winning Souls in Poland and Albania, Appeals for …….. ,… 73 New York , ….. , ……………… , .. 952 – Sufferings of ………….. , ……….•. 159 Policeman in Japan, What Won the ……… 146 Native Races After the War ……………. 570 Port Said, Camp at …………………… 310 Navy Men in Shanghai, For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 – – Madrasat-Es-Salaam. E. W. Putney… 762 Negro Christians in Canal Zone … , …… , .. 714 Negroes' Migration Northward … , ….'.. , … 645 – – Work at ……………………….. 543 NEW HEBRIDES, Leprosy in the …….•. 153 Porto Ricans, Educating the ……………. 637 – – L i f e in the ……………………… 153 –Malekulan Martyrs in ……………. 153 – – Made Americans ………………… 395 New Guinea, Many Baptisms in …………. 876 PORTO RICO Christian Students………. 21 – – Developments in ………………… 166 Newfoundland, Prohibition Victory in, …… 316 – – Education that Counts in …………. 395 Newspaper Evangelism in Argentina ……… 396 – – Evangelistic Campaign in. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 556 – Evangelism in Egypt (b). S. M. Zwemer 261 – – New Hospital in, San Juan ……….. 224 NEW YORK, Winning Souls in …………. 952 Portugal, Gospel in Spain and ………….. 313 Nicaragua Power of "Buried Poison" in …. 715 Possible Impossibilities ………………… 247 Nigeria, Critical Situation in ……………. 151 Pray for Moslems, Why (b). S. M. Zwemer 450 -Importing Bibles into ……………….. 312 PRA YER (Poem). Tennyson …………. 524 Nigerian Gifts to Belgium ……………… 543 – in the Mission Field (a). Northcote Deck. 179 NORTH AMERICA, Call to ………….. 15 – in the Present Crisis ……………….. 411 – – Preparing for Unity in……………. 225 – Moslem's Preparation for. Arthur V. Liley 519 – Present Need of the World. S. B. Ro- Norton, Ralph C…………………….. ·. 795 Not Half Have Ever Been Told (hymn). hold ……………………………. 527 Preaching and Teaching Through Pictures (a). Mrs, E. C. Cronk…………………. 455 Belle M. Brain …………………… 369 Objections to Foreign Missions, Considera- PRESBYTERIAN Board, Extra Million tion of Some (a). James L. Barton …….. 113 Needed by the ……………………. 155 Opium Fight in China •…….. ,., .. ,.,…. 76 – – ·of Foreign Missions Campaign …….. 392 – Traffic, Final Blow to ………… ,…… 388 – – Statistics ……………………….. 634 – Church of India …………………… 547 Oriental Students in America…………… 472 – Missions, Southern ……….'………• " 637 Orientals in South America ….. , .. , ……. 953 Presbyterians, Italian …………………. 635 Outcaste in India, Importance of the …… ,' 147 Problems of Aliens in America. James I.. Over-Churching and its Results (a). Egbert Vance ……………………….. , .. 929 W. Smith ……………………….. 823 Programs for Missionary Meetings. Belle Questions Raised by the War. , …………. , 487 PALESTINE, Cannon on Mt. Calvary …… 310 M. Brain …………………………. 453 PROHIBITION in England ….•..••…..• 158 – Changes in ………………………. , 309 – Jewish Massacres in ………………… 544 – in Peru ………………………….. 475 – Jews in …………………………… 868 – Victory in Newfo)1ndland …………… 316 – Refugees Problem ………… ', .. ",… 945 – Washington Goes Dry …………….•.. 316 – What Will Become of. …………….. ,. 724 Protestant Episcopal Churches, Missionary PANAMA, Church Union at ………•….. 803 Campaign in 37 (a). George C. Thomas 515 – Morals and Religion ……… , ……… ,' 484 Publicity and Censorship………………. 647 – Prison in ••.••….. , …… , .. , ………. 639 _ Religion on the "Zone." Sidney S. Conger 905 Rangoon, One Hundred Years of a Missions Press in ……. ,…………………. 302 Pan-American Labor Union …… ' ………. , 474 Paris City Mission ……………………. 866 – Society Crippled …………………… 476 – – t o the Rescue …………………… 477 Parrots in Guatemala, Influencing even the.. 71 5 Patagonian Remedy for Measles …………. 396 Pathan's Conversion …………………… 230 PAGE PAGE Recollections of Missionary Incidents (a). Siam, Where Missionaries Meet Tigers…… 464 ~~CMi~lioi~ loar~::::::: m Eugene Stock ……………………. 413 Siamese Deaconess, Fearless ……………• 871 :::::::::::::::::: Siam's Entry Into the War ………•..•.•• 870 Sister College Movement …………….•.. 226 Reformation and Modern Missions (a). Slessor, Memories of Mary …………….. 954 James I. Good … , ……………….. 583 Slums of Kobe, Worker in ……………… 306 Reformers Out of Business, Putti!,g . . . . . . . . . , 649 Smith, t Gipsy, in, France ….. : …………. 944 Refugees Problem, Palestme …………… · Y45 Smyrna, InternatlOnal College 10 •••••••••••• 229 RELIEF, $5,000,000 a Month for ……….. 384 S~cial Christianity in Brazil. ………..•••• 396 – Log of the Caesar ……, …………,…. 544 Soldier Boys, Work for……………….. 952 _ Work in Persia Kept Allve by Amencans 384 – Sees Them, Foreign Missions as a (b) ….. 664 _ _ in West Persia ….. ,……………. 546 – The Church and the ……………….. " 888 – – Missions and …………… ,……… 2940~ SOLDIERS in "Bone-Dry" States ………• 873 Religion on the "Zon~." Sidnt;:y S. Conger.. oJ – in Europe, Work for ……………….. 565 – Practical Work for. Paul D. Moody .•…. 529 Religious Conditions m Argentma (a). Clayton S. Cooper ….. , … ,……………. 844 – Reached, Million ..•……………….. 717 _ Conditions in Brazil (a). Alvaro Rets… 287 – Want, Sermons ……………………• 864 Remember the Missionaries ……………. , 533 – Work Among (a). Mrs. Grace Pettman Pout ……………………………• 171 Report of Women's Foreign Mission Boards. Mrs. H. B. Montgomery ……………. 218 – Morals, Safeguarding Soldiers'……….. 569 "REVIEW" and the Boards …… , …… _., 90 SOUTH AFRICA, Missions to Moslems in .• 886 Revolution and Religion in Russia (a). Wm. SOUTH AMERICA, Alcoholism in …….. 863 Fetler ……•……………………. 339 – Continental Program (a). S. G. Inman .. 188 – – Immigrants in ..•……………….. 639 Rhodesia, Call for a School in ………….. 478 – – Late News from………………… 715 Robert College-Past and Future……….. 545 – – Needs Christianity, Why ………..•.. 864 – – On Top of the Andes (a). S. G. Inman 837 ROMAN CATHOLIC Finances…………. 70 – – Program for ………………..••.. 863 _ _ Troops, Plans for ……………….. · 713 – Orientals in ……………………. ,.. 953 – – Sunday-School Popular in …………. 317 _ Church in Mexico . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . · … ·· 225 South American Religion………………. 953 Southern Presbyterian Missions………… 637 Romance of Cameroun Mission (a). A. W. SPAIN and Portugal, Gospel in …….•…•. 313 Halsey …………………………. 331 – Needs Most, What…………………. 557 Rum in Africa, Rubber for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 St. Thomas, West Indies, Churches Destroyed in …………•…………………•. 156 RUSSIA, Manifesto Against God in …….. 867 – A New Link with …………………. 952 STATISTICS of American Churches …… 315 _ Birth Throes of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·· …… ·.· 88 – of British Foreign Missionary Societies (a). 16 – m~et! Zionists i'!…………………… 477 – M,ss,on to Jews m •………… · ……… 944 – of Foreign Missionary Societies of the – N ew ODp~rtunities in ……. " ……….. , 563 _ on the – Threshold of-What?……….. 323 United States and Canada, 1915-1916 (a). 88 _ Religious Freedom for ………………. 325 – of Foreign Mission Work in India …… 386 _ Results of Prohibition in ……………. 625 – of Protestant Missions at Work in Africa 814 – Sapless …• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 88 _ Revolution and Religion in (al. W m. Fet- Steadyheadedness, Need of. R. E. Speer ..•• 409 ler …………………………….. 339 Studeht Volunteer, Fourteen Years of -Word of God in .•…………………. 867 Recruiting ………………………. 951 Russian Bible Institute………………… 712 – Church, Changes in the …………….. 641 _ Students m Turkey………………… 545 Russians in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · 71 Student Volunteers in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 149 Sabbath and the Mill Owner in Japan.. . . . . .. 471 STUDY, Best Methods for Mission (a). SALVATIqN ARMY in South Africa …… 383 Mrs. N. C. King …………………•. 131 _ _ Stattst1cs ………………………. 713 – Books for 1917-1918, United ………….• 138 Salvationist, Japanese …..•…………… 146 SUDAN Commission ………………..•. 542 Samoa, Chmese in …………………… · 479 – An Oasis in………………………. 954 Samoan Church, Strong……………….. ~~~ – Lutheran Work in the …………..•.•. 796 Samoa's Record Gifts …………….. , … . – Moslem or Christian ………………•. 327 San Francisco, Cleaning up……………. 473 – News from Khartum ……………….. 632 Schedule, Missions Working on ………… 648 – Sunday-Schools in the………………. 633 Scri:Qt~re Lessons for MlsslOnary Talks and, – World from Doleib Hill (a). Stephen Meetings. Bell M. Brain ………….. 930 Trowhridge ……………………..• 739 Scudder's; Ida, Three Calls in the Night (a). SUMMER SCHOOLS and Conferences. Miss, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …………………. 127 C. E. Vickers ………………….•• 62 Second Line of Defense (a). Louise G. – – of Missions and Conferences, 1917 ….•• 300 Williamson …………………….. , 763 – – SummC!ry, C!f •• '1; . .' . ';,' . . . • . • . • . • • • • •• 780 Sunday on MisslOns, B1lly…. . . . . . . . . . . .. 525 Seed Thoughts for Missionary Addresses .. 142, 380, 539 Sunday-School Campaign in England…….. 73 Senga, Missionary Experiences Among the (a). – Centennial .. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • 69 Donald Fraser …………………… 419 – Leaders, Training ………………..•. 472 Sermon Outline …………………… 142, 221 – Popular in South America ………….•• 317 Seventh-Day Adventists, Giving by………. 226 – Rally in the Philippines …………….• 391 Shanghai Child Welfare Exhibit …………. , 789 – Teachers, Japanese ………………… 872 – For Navy Men in ………………….. 387 – Work in China …………………….. 871 – Strangers in ……………………… 550 Shantung, Encouragements in………….. 82 – Work in Japan, National. …………•.. 389 Shorthand for the Chinese_ .•…………… 553 Sunday-Schools and the Syrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 SIAM, Afraid of the Dragon in………… 627 – in the Far East…………………….. 83 -An Ally …………………………. 707 – In the Sudan ………………………. 633 – Bihle for the Kamoo People ………….. 947 – Junior Societies and Mission Bands, Plans – Christian Growth in………………… 788 for …………………………….• 772 – Christians in Student Senate in. _……. , 788 Swiss Munition Workers, For ………….. 866 SYRIA Continues, Work in ……………• 309 – "I Have Been to Hell"……………. 550 – In the Kingdom of…………………. 25 – Only the Sparrows Left in ………..•.• 544 – Investigating Christianity in…………… 707 – Log of the Caesar………………….. 544 – Mission School Honored…………….. 303 – No Doctors in…………………….. 709 – Meaning of British Victory in ………•.• 868 – Only School Worth Seeing in………… 464 – Murder by Starvation in ……….•…•• 785 – Pressing on Toward the Mark in ……… , 627 – Ten Millions for Relief in Armenia and .. 473 – Prince Visits Mission Schools in ……… , 549 – United States and ……..•…………… 161 Syrian Protestant College from the Inside, – Useful . Mission Press in……………. 550 Beirut (a). E. Couyumdjopoulos …… 759 Syrians, Sunday·Sehools and the ………..• 951 PAGE PAGE TEMPERANCE (Prohibition) in Russia ….625 War and the Missionary Call. R. E. Speer.. 409 – Movement in Japan .•…..•…………. 703 – As· Stimulus to Missions .. 167 Temple Fire, Conse~uen.ces of a ……….. :. 949 – Camps, Study and Worship ;,;.:::::::::: 227 Ten Millions for Reilef 10 Armema and Syna 473 – Coune!l of C,hristians ……………….. . 556 Testaments Continues, Demand for ……… " 227 – Exper!ence In East Africa. Kala ……. . 526 . – For Munition Workers …•…………… 865 – Elfenences in West Africa (al W. M.

TESTIMONY Rajput's ……………. : .. 547 =- FUI~eE;'~~g~;'~;' . : :: : ;: :: : :: : : : : : : :: : : :: 3~r f;in~er Missions, Should the. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91414 – to American' Missionaries in China. Juhan Arnold •.••.••…………………… 130 – to Missions ………………………. 202 – £'1 ,ble Lands ……………………. . Ind1' Hindrance Due to the ………. 787 Testing Time of. ……… . .i~. ………. ··.. ~49859 Texas, 'Reaching Mexicans ……….. …. – sam fter the ……………………. 721 Thank-Offerings. Ideas for M,ss,onary. Mrs. – MlssIOns Versus …………………… 221 Mary Clokey Porter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 Themes and Texts, Mis~ionary .. '.' . _……. " 221 – Prisoners, Gospel Work for………….. 473 Things as They Are 10 Bulgana (a). Inez – Program, Christian .•………………. 407 . L. Abbott ……………………… 357 – Questions Raised by the …………….. 487 Three Calls in the Night. Ida Scudder's (a). – Results in Africa ………………….. 875 Mrs. E. C. Cronk •. ; ……………. · .. 127 – Siam's. Entry into the………………. 870 . Tibetan SBuorredetr~ Close to the………….. 626 – Spreadmg World ………………….. 321 Tide is Win (Poem) …….. – . . . .. 597 – Time Work in Italy……………….. 717 TTii ftlhiis ~gASmyesrtiecma n, Consul Report fr om.. . ….. 784 – T,me, Working for Missions in ………. 527 Main Drive of the (b). Bert – What? After the …………………. 557 Tran';;~l:~~ti~;" S~~;,~~· i~ 'i~d;'a' .(~;): .. Ed';~;d 351 – Women's Work in …………………. 481 – Work Council (a) ………•………… 499 – Work of the Y. W. C. A. (a). Louise G. Lincoln Smith …………………… 831 Wdhamson ……………………… 763 Trav;i~~a~ch~~~. ~~~~~'••~~e.r.i~:~. ~~~: ..~~~ 685 – Work, Value of the ………………… 716 Trench sW, oLrikfeers~nOd verlooked …… ….. ….. 249 Washington Goes Dry …………………. 316 Trenche Death in the (a). John West Indies, Churches Destroyed in St.

Kelman ••….•.•.•……………….. 491 Thomas ………………………… 156 -TunReis~cuBeodysC' reCwluGb iviens. ……. …….. · ….. . 78 Westminster Chapel, Giving at. …………. 396 Thanks …….. . ….. 710 What Have We Done Today? (Poem) …… 614 TURKEY, Americans Appreciated in…….. 545 – Of the Night in Armenia (a). George E.

~ Bulletins from ……••……………… 308 WhIte ………………………….. 520 – Continued Appeals for……………… 709 Why Am I a Christian?………………. 688 – Half Century of Progress in………….. 722 -Men Don't Believe in Missions (a). James – Looking Ahead in …………………. 384 L. Barton ……………..•………. 113 – Missionaries, Saf~ty. of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308 WOMAN'S Christian College, Madlas …… 139 – Cleanng House. Mrs. WIlham H. Farmer 138 – Missions and Reilef 10 ••••••••••••.••.••• 408 – Escape From Turkey (a). Mary RIggs … 182 – Need and Opportunity in Bagdad ……… 150 – ForeIgn Mission BulJetlO, 59, 138. 217, 297, – Russian Students in………………… 545 376, 460, 617, 780, 93~ – Status of Missionaries in……… . . . . . . .. 477 – Home Mission Bulletin ………. 535, 699, 858 ,-r omen and International Friendship . . . . . . . 314 – Student Volunteers in ………………. 149 – Emancipation of Moslem ……………… 724 – Suffering Greeks in …….•………. ·.. 867 – Emerging from Bondage, Japanese…….. 245 – War and Relief in ………………….. 242 – Get New Outlook, Chinese ………….. 388 – Leaders, Training Chinese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 246 – Woman's Escape from (a). Mary Riggs. 182 – Liberated, Japanese ………………… 403 Turkish Empire, Shrinking.•…………… 868 – New Magazine for Chinese ………….. 468 Turks Hold American Pr0l:rty…………. 228 – Students of the World (a). Ruth Rouse .. 273 Tuskifoet~~ I~~:l.s.•f.o.r..t~~… ~~~~ ..(~:: ..~: .~: 39 Women's Work in War ……………….. 481 UNION at Panama, Church ……………. 8{)3 Word. Hunger for the ……………….. 142 – in Brazil, Plans for ……………….. 557 World, God's View of the……………… 1 – in Central America …………………. 862 – Turning to Christ? Is the ………….. 167 – Missionary Training Institute ……… 392, 713 World's Sunday-School Association ………. 383 – Service in a Temple in China………… 706 Yale Hospital in China……………….. 789 – Work in South India ……………….. 466 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIA- United States, Among the French in Louisiana 636 – – And Canada, 1915-1916, Statistics of For- TION in Bible Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 – – – – I n Danger, Belgian ………….. 158 eign Missionary Societies of the (a)…. 88 – – – – In Mesopotamia ……………. 546 United Work in the Congo ……………. 478 – – – – In. i?eoul. . …………………. 308 Unity Demonstrated in China, Christian…. 304 – – – – MlsslOns m ChIcago………….. 69 -in North America, Preparing for …….. 225 — – – – Oasis in Mesopotamia ………… , 785 Uruguay, Opportunity in………………. 71 – – – – Representative Membership in …. 629 Young People's Societies, Missionary Methods Venezuela, Gospel as a Weapon in………. 640 in (a). R. P. Anderson…………… 63 Virgin Islands, America's new Islands…… 794 Volunteers •…………….•…………. 316 Young Women's Christian Association (a).

– For War and for the Gospel. …………. 809 Louise G. Williamson ……………… 763 Yu Ai Kai. …………………………. 781 WAR, America's Entrance Into the ……. ,. 322 Yunnan, Pioneering in ………………… 552 Zionists in Russia Meet. ……………… 477 – and Child Morality in Europe………… 313 Zwemer's Visit to China, Dr ………… :.. 807 – and Islam ………………………… 3 – and Missions in India. J. C. R. Ewing… 804 – and Relief in Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 242 -·and the Children. R. E. Speer ……….. 567

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1917

MISSIONARY

M ISSIONARY AREAS OCCUPI ~:Il 'S. UNOCCUPIED _ Ar":<l), VirhLu50 llllesofa Mission STation (==::J Areas Marc Than 50 Miles frOIn a .1J…."ioll ~rnrion AFRICA E.lIch dm (cpr..::…:nl/> a Protestant mi!'>,<;;oll M.Hion having in rC"ldenc~ ill least CIne AmeriCAn, ~:uropcan. or while South African Ivli.%ionary.

Bllrt<>n St.John 25 M~doon Awnll~ N~w Vurk Cily 1917 DENSITY OF POPULATION c:===J lJOIn!l<Ibitf:!d Under I to sq. mi. 1- 50 (o,sq . mi. 50-100 rosq. mi. 100-200 ro lO(l. mi.

c:===J 200 400 to sq. mi. ~ Over 400 to sq. mi.

J. (i. Llanhulomr AFRICA Each dot repn$CIH~ a Prulc.'lant mission stacion having in residence ijunon St. John ZS ~adionnA'uue New Vor. Ciry 1'117 EVIEWt£ VOL. November, 1917 NUMBER ELEVEN XL ® :@'f.. SIGNS OF THE TIMES iAAo _ oo~ …. oo … bOO _ .-.

THE GOVERNMENT AND MISSIONS IN MEXICO W HILE political peace has not yet come to Mexico and some United States troops are still stationed on the border; while the poverty of the people is extreme and the normal course of life has not yet been made possible; nevertheless after six years of revolution, civil strife and military rule, the outlook is much brighter than a year ago. Transportation facilities are improving and business conditions are better. A constitutional government has been established-at least nominally. It is interesting to note that in deciding contested seats in the National Congress, three tests were applied: legal, political and moral! It would be interesting if such tests were applied in other Parliaments and Houses of Congress.

The new constitution, adopted by the Carranza Government, caused considerable anxiety among evangelical workers, for it looked as though it were framed to eliminate them and their missionary work. The third article declares that all teaching in official schools as also in the primary and grammar grades of all private schools must be "laica." The question immediately arises whether "lay" instruction refers to the content of the teaching o~ to the official character of the teacher; and, if the former, whether it means absolutely non-religious. The best interpretation is that the law was intended to exclude religious teaching from all but the higher schools. It is a question whether this precludes giving religious instruction to pupils outside of regular school hours and in other places than the schoolroom.

. The governor of one of the states said that he had no instructions on the matter, but he would recommend the closing of two doors that connected the school with the church and taking the pupils around through the street to attend whatever religious services might be desired.

The constitution 'also declares that "no religious body or minister of any sect will be allowed to establish or direct schools of primary education." Mission Boards are not "religious bodies" in the same sense as are the Roman Catholic orders against which the law was directed.

The second section of the twenty-seventh article states that "religious societies known as churches, of any belief whatsoever, may under no circumstances acquire, possess or administer real estate or properties or mortgages on the same. Those which they now have, either in their. own names or in that of a third person, will pass at once to the dominion of the nation j and it will be the duty of every person to denounce to the government any property known to belong to churches," etc. The same article declares that: "Public or private charitable institutions whose object is to aid the needy, institutions of scientific investigation, those for the spreading of knowledge, mutual benefit societies or any others organized for a legitimate purpose may not acquire, hold or administer mortgages on property unless the period of the mortgage exceeds ten years. In no case may such institutions be under the patronage, direction, administration, charge or vigilance of religious corporations or institutions, nor of a minister of any sect, even though he may not be actually exercising his functions."

This looks like confiscation of all mission property, but many terms and expressions need interpretation and the whole matter is still in suspense.· There is quite a widespread expectation that, pending the possible modification of these laws, no action will be permitted in the line of their enforcement.

Article one hundred and thirty affirms that "it is necessary to be a Mexican by birth in order to exercise the functions of a minister of any religious creed in Mexico." What are the "functions of a minister"? Evangelical missionaries are agreed in not administering the sacraments, for the present at least, and to speak in the churches only as invited by the Mexican pastors. Personal work, house to house or neighborhood gatherings, Sunday-schools, etc., are considered to be as free to. us as ever; so that compliance with the law does not greatly restrict our labors, and the public was never so responsive to evangelistic effort as now. The missions planned to close the lower grades of their schools, but after consultation with lawyers and others, it has been decided to go forward much as usual, removing direct religious instruction from school hours and giving it in the churches.

These laws, most of which are simply the extension of those already existing, were framed to limit the activities of the Jesuits and other ecclesiastical orders, represented largely by foreign priests, which were acquiring an almost controlling influence in the education of Mexican children and who were suspected of seriously interfering in political matters. There are countless proofs, however, that the general attitude

OF THE

towards Protestant work is totally different from that maintained towards the Church of Rome. The effect of the new laws will certainly be to give the Mexican preachers and churches greater independence, and it is to be expected that larger liberty and greater responsibility will bring more rapid growth.

At the same time the evangelical missionary outlook is much improved. The Rev. G. A. Brewer, of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, who has recently returned to Mexico, writes that he is surprised and overwhelmed with the improved appearance of things. Crowds are literally clamoring to hear the gospel message. "There never· has been a time when the people wanted to hear and know and follow Christ's teachings as now. It begins to look almost like a mass movement such as they have had in other foreign countries. These are truly great days and we must not let these open doors close to us, for lack of men or means. The Mexico City church is holding no less than seventeen services per week in its various departments of activity. They are conducting a Chinese mission, doing some real settlement work in one of the poorer districts, feeding seventy-five hungry children every Sunday morning before the Sunday-school hour, and have from fifty to seventy-five women at the church every Friday sewing, repairing and making garments for the poor and needy."

Many government officials are Protestants and a number of former pupils of mission schools are in Congress, while others are in positions of influence. The recent National Ev:angelical Convention appointed a Continuation Committee, with subcommittees on territorial occupation, preparation of a tentative statement of belief and form of government for a National Church, unification of publications, development and coordination of evangelical schools, plans for an evangelical university, etc. The Y. M. C. A. is having most encouraging success in reaching the intellectual element, and several professional men have recently professed faith in Christ, as the result of their Bible study in the Association. In every way the outlook gives signs of promise.

CHURCH UNION AT PANAMA I F ever there was need for united Christian effort it is in the Panama Canal Zone, where the number of white Americans is about 17,000, of whom about IO,OOO are civilian government employes and the others are soldiers. It is expected that the civilian population will continue at something like the present number, and that the soldiers will be greatly increased. It is encouraging to know that a union work has been started arid that Baptists, Disciples, Congregationalists, Lutherans, Methodists, Presbyterians, Protestant Episcopalians and members of the Dutch and German Reformed Churches and other denominational bodies have united to form the Union Church of the Canal Zone. This Church

maintains regular preaching services with organized churches at five points: Balboa, Cristobal, Gatun, Pedro and Miguel. It conducts :5un- day-schools at two additional points, Ancon and Paraiso, and has also organized Sunday-schools and evening meetings at two military posts which are without chaplains. This self-supporting l!nion Church of Canal employes, without any capitalist or employer in the number, has raised some $10,000 and hopes to raise $5,000 more. These sums, however, are wholly insufficient, since five churches are very much needed, two of them of large size.

THE WAR AND MISSIONS IN INDIA G ERMAN missionary operations in India have naturally been most seriously affected by the war. At the outset, the feeling largely prevailed amongst non-German Christians that, in view of the stoppage of remittances from their country, the German missionaries and the work established by them deserved sympathy and support. It is to the honor of British missionaries that the leaders of this sympathetic movement were conspicuously from the ranks of the Church Missionary Society, the London Missionary Society, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and ,the Baptist Missionary Society. Large sums of money were given for salaries of Indian workers and the relief of the German missionaries. Later, careful investigation by the Indian Government into activities of the missionaries led to the decision, in the public interest, that restraint must be imposed upon alien enemies-an action amply justified by the circumstances. In the beginning, the individual was only required to refrain from disloyal speech and action; but soon it became clear that more stringent measures were necessary. As a result all German missionaries were either interned or deported, but every effort was madel to treat the persons concerned with consideration.

Some of the work of the German Societies continues to be carried on by neighboring missions; but the large and fruitful work of such societies as the Basel Mission, the Schleswig-Holstein Evangelical Lutheran Mission, and the German Evangelical Lutheran Mission, has been seriously hindered, and their activities in some cases entirely suspended.

Legislation affecting American Societies also subsequently came to be regarded as necessary. It was found desirable to investigate the suitability of all applicants for permission to enter India, especially in view of the unwise comments made by a few individuals. But the work of the American Societies has not been perceptibly affected.

The most serious effect of the war upon organized missionary effort in India is found in another direction. The British Societies have all paid a heavy toll from their ranks in India. Some missionaries have perished at sea, others have given up their lives and others are still

OF THE TIMES

doing active service in the army. Even more serious is the loss to the work, due to the almost entire lack of reinforcements during ,the past three years. Even though the war should end soon, many years ll).ust elapselbefore young men can be available to fill the vacancies which now are in sore need of supply.

Should God in His mercy spare the United States from such a slaughter of its brightest and best youth, as has come to Great Britain, it is clear that upon the Churches of America will devolve the task of making good the woeful lack which is already causing the work in many a field to languish.

The war has produced an emergency in India, and those who can must meet it without delay. It has in no sense closed the hearts of the people to the Christian Message. In the "Mass Movement" in India there is no a1?parent diminution of interest. On the:contrary, the current flows more strongly now than in any previous year. Amongst the educated classes, the Hindues, Mohammedans and Sikhs in general, there is evidence of an added seriousness of mood. One of these said: "We had come to think that material good and, in fact, all that is included in the term 'Modern Civilization' was the thing to be sought after. But our eyes have been opened." Mighty 'transformations of ideals and opinions are taking place. The strange spectacle of nominal Christian peoples at war has not had the rdisastrous effect that might have been anticipated.

Had it not been for the Christian influence on the thought of India's leaders both by the work of missions and by the indirect influence of Christian education from the West, the World would never have seen the great of India rising to the help of the ruling Empire in this time of stress and need.

RESULTS OF THE EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN JAPAN ONE of the best results of the three years' Evangelistic Campaign for all Japan, projected in connection with the visit of Dr. John R. Mott a few years ago, has been that Christians of all names have been drawn more closely together in Christian service. A spirit of empire-wide evangelism has been fostered, and where the meetings were characterized by earnest evangelistic effort rather than by an apologetic spirit, permanent advance is evident. This would doubtless have been greater had not the craze for money-making obtained so great a hold, since the war afforded such opportunities to manufacturers, especially in the large cities.

In spite of difficulties the tabulated results of the· campaign are as follows: Nearly 5,000 meetings held with over a quarter of a million of hearers, and 27,350 inquirers have been recorded. The cost of the campaign was about 50,000 yen ($25,000), one·half of which came from America and one-half from Japan. All the leading denominations

joined in the movement, the Episcopalians being represented by some individual churches.

As is usual in all lands, only the small part of the 250,000 hearers have shown any permanent interest. Thetonservation of results has been difficult, largely owing to the inexperience of the majority of evangelists and pastors. Last July a five days' conference was held in Gotemba, under the shadow of Mt. Fuji, where over 200 were present from all parts of Japan. This conference was characterized by a spirit of unity and. prayer, especial emphasis being placed upon service of .love for Christ, uncompromising allegiance to the one living and true God,' purity of life and doctrine. The Cross was upheld as the center of evangelistic preaching, and all believers were urged to consecrate' all to the service of God.

A general plan was adopted for the following up of the.Evangelistic campaign by a series of special conferences in eleven important cities: Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Fukuoka, Kanazawa, Okayama, Sendai and Sapporo. ' These conferences are to strengthen the Church, to equip and inspire Christian workers for service, and to educate new converts and inquirers. ,',.

RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ADOPTED FOR CHINA C HINESE Christians and their friends are,' giving thanks over the final disposition of the long debated question of religious lib- erty in the Chinese Republic. The latest draft of the Constitution, adopted by Parliament, omits the objectionable second clause in the nineteenth article making Confucianism the basis of all education, and changes the eleventh article by the addition of four Chinese characters. This article now reads: "The people of the Republic of China shall have liberty to honor Confucius and liberty of religious worship' which shall be unrestricted except in accordance with law."

This is the happy issue of a prolonged and complicated struggle. The efforts and prayers of the Chinese Christians have proved effectual. Dr. Chen Huan Chang, a graduate of Columbia University, for four years made strenuous efforts to have Confucianism made the State re~ ligion' and has claimed for his native system of et~ics all the great teachings of Christ. The opposite side was championed by a "Society for Religious Liberty," including in its membership Protestants, Catholics, Buddhists, Mohammedans and others. These enlisted the cooperation of over 100 members of Parliament, and drew up over fifty petitions, sent ISO telegraphic messages from various churches to the houses' of Parliament, sent out 10,000 circular letters and distributed 40,000 copies of printed matter. Now the preliminary conflict has been won.

There are still serious and inherent difficulties in the adjustment of China, such as the lack of able and especially of unselfish leaders;

OF THE

the predominance of politicians of the too familiar type in the West; and yet more discouraging the overwhelming dominance of the military element all through the so-called "Republic." The Monarchy mov~ failed, but true democracy has not yet come. If it does not in some way come there is danger of a Japanese domination of unknown extent and duration. This problem is intimately associated with the future of missions, not only in China but in all. the Far East.

WORK FOR. MOSLEMS IN CHINA A s one result of Dr. Zwemer's visit to China and his conferences with missionaries on methods of Christian work among Chinese Moslems, the missionaries passed some notable resolutions.

These show that they have been stirred to a realization of the need and .opportunity and that they purpose to· reach out systematically to win these Moslems to a living faith in Jesus Christ.

At Kikunghsan, Honan Province, the missionaries from seven provinces-Honan, Hunan, Anhuei, Shantung, Chihli, Shensi and Kan- suh-requested the Continuation Committee in China to make a care- ful survey of the field and to appoint a special committee to secure at least one national secretary for work among Chinese Moslems and urged the appointment of Arabic-speaking missionaries for the missions centering in Yunnan, Kansuh and Peking. Honan province was con- sidered a place of strategic importance for the work because of the large Mohammedan population especially accessible to the Gospel. It is also the gateway to the great number of Moslem peoples of Shensi and Kansuh. Work was recommended among the children, and by the distribution of Christian literature from a central book depot. One of the remarkable propositions was that the Koran be printed in Chinese and distributed as a means of convincing Chinese Moslems that it is not the Word of God. A subsequent plan provides for the Koran in Arabic, Chinese and English in parallel columns. The Koran and the Gospels printed side by side forms one of the most effective tracts to prove to Moslems the supremacy of the Gospel of Christ.

The missionaries at the Kuling and Peitaho conferences were also awakened to the opportunity presented by the accessibility of 10,000,000 Chinese Moslems. In Chefoo the missionaries resolved that three secretaries should be appointed-one traveling and two district secre- taries selected for Moslem work. .

These are encouraging signs of progress for work among Chinese Moslems. Many of them may yet be lead to Christ and become mis- sionaries to Moslems in other lands.

COMMlENT

THE RESCUE OF ARMENIA O VER a million Armenians have been murdered or have died as a result of the fiendish policy of the Turkish government. These million men, women and children are beyond human aid and be- yond earthly want. But there are over two million surviving victims of Turkish cruelty who may be rescued by the prompt help of Christians. Four hundred thousand of these sufferers are orphans, and it is from their number that the future Armenian parents, teachers, preachers, physicians, farmers, manufacturers and merchants must be developed. The hope of Asia Minor, 'humanly speaking, depends on Armenians. They are the race that has the ability and the desire to develop the resources and civilization of that important country. They must not be allowed to perish from the face of the earth, and America is the only land in a position to help them with the necessary funds to feed the hungry, clothe the naked and purchase the implements by which they may again come to self-support. The present situation is worse than can be imagined, and help must be sent soon if it is to be help at all. Telegrams give the following facts: "Bread-winners generally have perished through massacre, deportation, or in army. Practically all now destitute were self-supporting before war."

"Extermination or material diminution of Christian races greatly deplored, as the hope of future upbuilding lies with this progressive element. American and Swiss missionaries remain on the field for continuing the work for destitute as in the past. They implore appropriations."

"Expense, on moderate basis, for repatriation, rebuilding homes, seed, animals, tools, necessary for self-supporting life, $8,000,000. Present need is for keeping the people alive. Food clothing, shelter for 1,000,000 most needy people, $1,000,- 000 per month; supporting 35,000 orphans, $30,000, minimum.

"People come pleading for work until it seems sometimes as though we must go crazy from being constantly compelled to refuse them. It is one constant stream of ragged, forlorn women with drawn faces, begging with tears, and even demanding work."

The Syrian and Armenian Relief Committee (of which Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge is treasurer), has already forwarded to Turkey, Russia and Persia over $4,250,000 for relief work, and are now making an earnest appeal to American Christians to supply $30,000,000 more needed during the coming six months. The cost of sustaining life in the different areas varies from $3.00 to $16.00 a month, and this does not include money for reestablishing the Armenians in their own land. The Russian Government has already given between $7,000,000 and $10,- 000,000 for the sufferers, hut this relief fund has now been exhausted.

19I1] EDITORIAL COMMENT 80g

There are forty-nine missionaries of the American Board still in Turkey, in thirteen centers. Fifty more Americans are in Syria. Through them and through the Swiss and other neutrals, the money for the relief can be distributed.

It is impossible to describe the suffering of these people who have been forced to fly from their homes without any provision for the needs of tomorrow. Many of them are educated and refined; most of them are women, many are aged or children, and all of them could have saved themsei<ves by denying Christ to become Moslems. While these hundreds of thousands have given all their possessions and even their lives for Christ, what have Christians at home' been giving in comparison? Today is the day to minister to Christ Himself by feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and visiting the sick who belong to Him.

VOLUNTEERS-FOR WAR AND FOR THE GOSPEL O N Thursday, October 4, 20,000 Red Cross women marched down . Fifth Avenue, New York-an impressive sight. This means that more women are volunteering for Red Cross work from one city at one time…than have gone out into the mission fields as unmarried women missionaries of the Protestant Christian church in the past one hundred years. Women workers are needed for both kinds of service, but is not this disproportionate?

Ten million men have been listed in the American draft and two million men will be trained for the United States army. This is more than twenty-five times the number who ever volunteered for Christian service in foreign lands. Both armies are serving mankind, but is not God teaching us that we can do more for His cause than we have ever dreamed possible. The Student Volunteer Convention was to. have been held at the close of this year. It has been postponed until the close of the war because many of the young men and young women, the speakers, organizers, and financiers are occupied with war work. Up to the close of 19 I 6, six thousand nine hundred and thirty-four registered Student Volunteers had sailed for foreign lands since. the movement was inau· gurated thirty years ago. These are now scattered in over twenty different lands. Four hundred and forty-four sailed last year.

What of the future? Is the need for men and money less because of the war? It is greater-far greater. British and American missionaries have been called from their posts to enter the battlefields; German missions have been deprived of all their workers; native helpers have been called away by the war. Food is high, exchange rates have decreased the value of money, and many former givers in England and America have given up their salaries or have had their incomes decreased because of the war.

But the need is greater than ever. The Mission Boards of Americ~

are calling for 53·7 men, including 230 ordained preachers, 82 doctors, and I 20 teacher~, and for 385 women missionaries. "Never before," says a recent report of "the Student Volunteer Movement, "has there been a more urgent call from foreign mission boards. . . . It is the appeal which comes from the whole non-Christian world. It is the cry, not of one man from Macedonia, but the appeal of vast multitudes of mell and .women who have not had an opportunity to know Jesus Christ as their Saviour and to become His disciples."

Is it possible that God is waiting to give earthly peace until men learn to know what really pertains to their peace and until men realize how to devote to Christ the vast resources that have been placed in their hands and that they are now beginning to devote to patriotic causes.

PROMOTING CHURCH FEDERATION T HE over-churching of some districts at horne and the n"eglect of other larger field~, as described by Dr. Egbert W. Smith III his paper in this number, is a symptom of a disease, not the .disease itself. The root difficulty is the lack of true Christian unity such as is found only in absolute absorption in Jesus Christ.

One effort to correct the weakness, without reaching the root of the trouble, is in the discussions and plans presented at the Congress which met at Pittsburgh, October I to 4, under the auspices of the Inter- Church Federation of the Federal Council of Churches. Here many leading specialists met to study the causes and the remedies for a divided Church and a divided Christendom. They discussed comity and co-operation and reported some hopeful and inspiring examples of cooperation in community, education, social service and evangelism. They declared in favor of the establishment of a World Christian Order in which tens of thousands of churches of all communions shall co-operate. The Congress advocated advance movements in the interest of world Evangelism, by more thorough organization, better education, more intercession, larger giving, more recruits and trained leaders.

It is a hopeful sign that Christians are today realizing more and more the sin of their divisions and rivalries. There is a larger, deeper spirit of unity in the Church today than ever before. It is not necessary that men should renounce their individuality and liberty of conviction in order that they may be united in true Christian brotherhood and service. Unity does not mean uniformity in creed or organization or worship. Unity means oneness of aim,'motive, spirit and effort. This can come only as the living Christ, through His Spirit, dominates every branch of His Church.

The supreme business of the Church is to reveal the living Christ to dying men. Th-e world cannot be made safe for democracy except as it is brought under the control of the Theocracy.

TIANS –

t…. "' ''':I!!i".,o,'''1 Ccr u "

(Drawn by Bertha F. Bennett) "7'- A STUDY OF COMPARATIVE RELIGIONS IN AFRICA , Pagans, 85,000,000 l Christians Romanists, 4,800,000 Moslems, 40,000,000 .Abyssinians, etc., 4,000,000 Protestan ts, 1,800,000 The Missionary Occupation of Africa The Protestant Missionary Forces and the Neglected Areas BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director of the Bureau of Statistics of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America T HIS is a brief resume of the Protestant missionary occupation of a great continent. For general facts, it has been necessary to rely mainly upon the information recorded in the "World Statistics of Christian Missions."* The war played havoc with missionary policies.

Missionary reports have suffered even more seriously. This statement must therefore be less accurate in detail than would ordinarily be pos- sible. Nevertheless, it ought to give a reasonably true picture of facts at the beginning of the war.

– -T-he war has changed conditions in many missions, especially those – .World Statistics of Christian Missions. New York. Foreign Mi88ion~ Conference..

1916. 148 pages. Quarto. $2.00 net postpaid. . .

having their headquarters in Germany. How permanent this change will be cannot be foretold, but it would be unfair to consider the present status as any other than a temporary war condition. The actual mis- sionary occupation is better illustrated by ante-bellum facts.

Two statistical tables accompany this article. The first presents, as far as possible, the total of Protestant missionary work for the whole continent of Africa. The second gives only a partial statement for a few of the larger denominational groups. Both tables are a compilation from those found in "World Statistics." In a few instances data recently procured have been added to supply omissions. In other in- stances, conservative estimates have been incorporated for a like pur· pose. In neither case has this been done except to clearly improve the accuracy of the presentation.

TABLE I is arranged by groups representing the national head· .

quarters of the Societies involved. Each Society having fifteen or more foreign missionaries on the continent of Africa has been entered indi- vidually. For economy of space, all societies having less than fifteen missionaries in Africa have been grouped as "Other Societies" under the proper geographical heading. Lists of these Societies will be found in foot note. For facility in reference, the Societies have been alpha- betized according to the key word in the name, rather than by the first word in the official title.

TABI.E II is unsatisfactory, except to give in broad outline an im- pression of the denominational occupation of the continent, The so- cieties included in each denominational family are indicated in foot notes.

The heading "Holiness" is not altogether satisfactory, but it will doubt- less be understood. Nearly all of the societies under this group work through organizations so loose that it is nearly impossible to secure re- ports. The statement therefore probably does not do full justice to these organizations. – Some of the salient facts concerning the statistics of Protestant mis- sions in Africa are shown by the following general summary. In this the regional divisions are those of "World Statistics."

Region Area Native People People People People Population Per Per Per Per Com- Square Missionary VTorker muni- Mile Native cant Totals for Africa ………. . 11,710,378 136,299,329 12 25,000 4,600 186 North-east. …………….• 1,944,020 24,085,070 12 63,000 24,600 1,700 North-west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2,635,500 13,508,786 Western ……………. '" 2,017,455 5 36,000 13,000 1,000 36,326,610 18 58,000 10,000 340 South-west. …………….. 2,600,208 12,000 460 31,626,502 12 37,000 South ………………… 491,352 5,227,135 11 3,400 760 14 Southern-central ………… 753,148 East ………………….. 1,034,339 2,881,500 4 5,000 600 64 Madagascar and Mauritius .. 229,755 African Islands …………. 4,601 17,940,770 16 23,000 3,300 390 3,903,558 18 15,000 800 50 799,398 174 100,000 800,000 9,000 In this summary it is interesting to note the variations between the several regional divisions. The variations in density are due, in the main,

MISSIONARY OCCUPATION OF AFRICA 81

to extended areas with very small population, which appear in Northwest Africa and in Southern-central Africa. The very dense population of the Nile Valley is offset by the barren regions to the west. South and Southern-central Africa and Madagascar show by far the largest percentage of foreign staff, of native staff and of communicants.

It may be helpful to observe that the- total number of missionaries in China, in India and Africa is, in round numbers the same. Africa has twice as many missionaries to a given population as has India and nearly three times as many as has China. On the other hand, the native workers in India greatly outnumber those in Africa, while Africa has about twice as many as has China. Again, the total number of communicants in Africa is approximately equal to the combined number in India and China~ This is also true of the number enrolled in institutions of learning of all grades. The amount reported as contributions for church work in Africa exceeds somewhat the total of such contributions in China andlndia combined.

THE LOCATION OF MISSIONARIES The missionary map of Africa, with a dot representing each of the mission stations having in residence at least one American, European or white South African missionary, shows great areas in which there is no mission station. Careful study of the relation between the distribution of these mission stations and such facts as the "annual rainfall," "the elevation of the land," "the occupations of the people," and "natural vegetation," shows that none of these has had any marked influence on the location of missionary centres. A study in relation to the "government control" and of the "races" would show that both these elements have an influence upon their location. In fact, this influence would appear to be especially strong in regard to the races. For example a large proportion of the total work is among the true negro races. These races occupy all of Equatorial Africa and the eastern section of British South Africa.

In contrast to the negligible influence of physical conditions and the comparatively slight influence of government and races, there is a very strongrelati(;m between the location of the majority of mission stations and the density of population. This is a condition one would naturally e:x;pect to find. As a sequence of this, there is also a strong tendency for these stations to group themselves along the prominent routes of travel. There are also comparatively few stations located in regions not now engaged in international commerce. All three of these observations indicate the simple fact that Missionary Societies naturally seek to locate their work where they may reach the largest number of people along the lines of least resistance.

The two hundred fifty stations of American Societi,es and the five

hundred stations of British Societies both have been scattered quite im- partially throughout the whole of the occupied regions. The Contino ental Societies seem to have a stronger tendency to concentration. Al- most their entire number are to be found along the Guinea Coast and south of the equator. Very naturally the societies having their head- quarters in South Africa do not extend far to the north. In fact, none are to be found above the 10th parallel, sQuth.

The actual area, which is not within easy access of any main station, probably includes four-fifths of the entire area of Africa. It would be possible to enter the continent a short distance from Cape Town and wander indefinitely north, east and west and never be within two hundred miles of any mission station. Except for Natal, Basutoland and Swazi- land there is no governmental unit but has considerable area over fifty miles from any station. Many regions are from thr"ee to five hundred miles for any foreign missionary. One might even find a location as far as one thousand miles from the nearest station. It should not be forgotten, however, that these unoccupied areas are in almost every case "the less densely populated sections.

Should anyone feel inclined to get a visual representation of the work of his own society as compared with the total work being done in Africa, let him take the outline chart and mark in red the mission sta- tions of his own Board, including an area within a radius of fifty or even one hundred miles. Let him then compare this with the tremendous area of the entire continent. It will be helpful to note the number of mission stations of other societies, which he discovers to be within the radius of influence of his own Board. One should guard carefully, however, against assuming that the presence of other stations within this radius unnecessarily means a duplication of effort.

From 1736 down to a very recent date, missionary societies have been entering Africa. They have, in the main, followed the lines of least resistance. Doubtless these were also the lines of greatest fruitfulness. Perchance, when the present world war has co~e to a close, we will have reached the time of reshaping policies and for outlining new programs. These should include a plan by which one society or another would assume responsibility for every tribe throughout this mighty continent. "

Let me but do my work from day to day, In field or forest, at the desk or loom, In roaring market-place, or tranquil room; Let me but find it in my heart to say, When vagrant wishes beckon me astray- "This is my work; my blessing, not my doom; Of all who live, I am the one by whom This work can best be done, in the right way,"

L -Henry flan Dyke.

PROTFiiTANT MISSIONS AT WORK IN

FOREIGN STAFF NATIVE STAFF I CHURCH MEDICAL J I J SOCIETIES il II 'U .; ~ il so! il )! j ~ j:j ! ) 1,. 1! ,J. ! ) 1-!- Ij ·J1 ii i"i J :i-~1 j i j J J: …..T……111SocIIIIM …………………. )! S~O] )! )! 0 :!!i 'i ~l ~ a! .lJ ~ – – – – -I:> – – -I:> – a'Jf j~ i ~1 – – – – I:> – – – – — – – – – – – – – -='1 – !I.a ~ – – – -0-0- 5 _ 1m 781 1M 21 851 *1 841 *11071 *17111 8717 728187 !03 280 543 311 337127 724 858 108 15 35228 1 141 827 1127 _ AfrIeIn …… ., 203 211 110 48 181 4 _ *118 ooua .. ,818 141_ —— —— –4 224_ T….. 11 AfrIeIn ………………………….. 44 –4 26 3 – 6 6 6 14 – – – a 830 48 8 818 ~ Mia Soc•• South Africa ……………….. 1889 18 26 14 2 12 322117 .1111 41184 140 8e8ot 7 1 –1 70 —30lI0 1157ft ~tioaaI Mill. Soc.South Africa …………. 1826 M 133 10 28 113 1 709 173 –1 8 81 7110 39 2 33 2378 10 2 – 2 300 18832 2012 1 290 8284 –6 ——-1 taOOO Dutah Ormed. Gen. Com•• South Africa••… lW 300 ,.118 39 5 213 2 —– 21 –9 22 612 21 *m29 "'46 * 190 37888 t16000 t13898 25M 89 238 4 3 – 23280 MethodiIl, South Africa Mia Soc." …•…•.••••••. 1888 82 39 2 241 3 eeo "298 * 1 187 84 879 10719 78093 32295 88 874 —2 1 8enn other 80cietiee a " ….•…….••••'•••••••••. 1881 7 8111 171 22 16 4~ 1 –4 —4 333 871 152 011 M 11 10 277 31 178 8 97 71169 4478 2.a2 3862 2897 3 1 3 -6 48588 U37 18 6 388 4 19 1 1 AmerIIan …… 82 31 22 13 93 ., *UU II —1 4 — M 4.0 1 m1110 19 3 4 1~ 2 -1 .. T….. 31 ~ SocIIIIM ………………… 10a – 10 4 47 5 33 ot4I7 848 73388 11518 718015 87 872 10_ 1 -1 27290 1 148 Amerioan B'd of Com. fill' Fill'. Mill……………. 11 11 2 22 4 1274, ~ (NOI'thl. Fill'. Milo. Soc………………… 1836 88 9 62 7 103 *12 *80 *18 32 8M2 -f80—0 – 28 750 8629 11 351 -1 14 — t8000 ~(~l•. FOI'.M~B·d……………… 1884 21 44 81 t14 * 500 —1 4 – -16 1898 71 43 26 236 -8 261 -20 21 4801 — 8—75 – 2185 7023 8 3 8 -797 13 7 19 620 8 4 10 – t7 465 ~For.a nMdiMa_So nOaCr y.A. .ll.ia.n. c.e. ……………. .. 1887 36 – 13 1 7 129 —1 87 II 4 300 *4a 2842 32478 ……………. .. 1899 17 f34 2 7 466 192 2 8 1 141 1850 1 156 30962 1899 35 5 268 27 1667 3 745 7822 J'rieDdI' 'd ol For. Milo…………………….. 1902 17 33 14 36 21 19 6 4 4683 t200 142 – 33000 lOSl 85 12 9 – 54 293 3 Lutherao, General8ynod, B'd of For. Milo ………. 1800 15 15 13 23 7 8 ~ a2 43 17265 38841 Lutherao, United N~………………….. 1892 34 17 5 13 2 14 8209 15M 29 66 68 5 6 69 f200 73 414 5078 3 16 94 15 729 3 7 1 941 785 892 1 893 286 t27263 F Methoditt EpUoopaI, Afncan Milo. Dept…………. 1893 71 73 79 40 245 M* * ** 30 48313 1833 103 31 13 43 a 178 * * * * 8088 Methoditt ~&:; B'd of or. MiII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 8 .0 32 4 *198 9858 934 8 M9 14757 9215 Methodiot, 1 Milo. B'd ………………. :I'reIbyterian ~North) B'd ofFill'. MiII…………… 1885 34 1 73 65 18 1 192 t200 II 631 977 1228 IRa 68 -M 317 86 17 65M 400 27708 14431 17767 l'reIbyterian South) Exec. Com. of For. Milo ..•…. 1891 37 2.0 18 3 12 128 – t900 11 072 82.0 8ennth-J?af Adventilt, Genera1 Conference……… 1888 168 – – *2 *124 -* 43 2088 – – 4736 9624 Preb=. ,. 8wIm Interior Mill ………………………… 1892 32 14 tsoo – 300 481 6 63 60 United Brethren, For. Mia Soc……………….. 1865 26 – 10 27 1 017 tl60 1000 2196 1 279 United B'd ofFill'. Mia …•.•.••.••… IBM 129 65 423 241 86 12612 tl000 17871 16452 Nineteen 0 er Societiee b ……………………. 1838 124 44 *186 *27 63 *5686 307 3 100 *4608 2867 BrItIeII Sacletl.

TOIIIe, 38 BrII11h SooIetI…………………….. 562 218 804 432 l12li 111 603 – – *1183 "11 158 *8411 3321 288 701 303 033 322 357 177 838 325 878 -42 -4 -44 10S 820 073 – 821 130 1 20 4 -1 1 1243 AIgierI Milo. Band …………………………. 1888 23 -2 36 10 6 1 11 3 3 100 278 143 41_- 3653 Baptist Milo. Soc…………………………… 1879 90 – 44 31 17 – -1 Chriatian Milo. in Many Landa (Plymouth Brethren) . 1881 – 46 – 13 290 – – 103 179 – – – 8 263 5495 — – – – 11660 3995 12989 – – – 4 18 114 164 403 S96 Church Mi.. Soc…………………………… 1816 ~ 9 – 1 9011 99 36 83 106 25 4 324 86 4892 163 4290 449 451 49501 93047 34 108 28865 93616 11 —–1 14 16 t203 920 – ~CCoIhI;uu:rnc.IbhuMoo~fl -8~ A00.t;Ia.n;d~:FU:o:nr .:itM:e:dil:Fo:r. :eCe:o,:mF:o.:r.:..:K .:.:.i.:a.:.c:.:.-:…:..:".:….: 1876 59 10 18 17 14 –1 1826 232 7 575 2 M3 ao 30 47 II 319 2 198 3 750 1 702 13212 -1 —- ~g tt~:~ 4091 34 -2 8 te 000 1898 20 68 62 77 50 47 2899 –24 *910 *238 78 33 17U 21707 031 3tMII 111786 – – 4 – 39851 1867 102 8 19 18 – – – – – 12 1 4923 17 -9 84 7 30 81 – 14 180 3608 700 3 9 46 -8 * 1oDdoo Mill. Soc ………………………….. 1818 89 8 95 19925 6182 1 863 –2 -1 * 72 -1 20 35 13 42 12 31 3575 445 30711 51 492 36494 t6000 1M 603 36 181 23 350 3 3 7 136 – 21758 London Soc. for. the Jewa……………………… 1832 37 – – – – *4 – 1 Methodist, Primitive, Milo. Soc..••..•..••••.•.•… – 4 2 5 6 4 19 * *6 – 1 31 t4 317 200 — – – 1 tl000 84443 1870 312 24 – 3 * Methodiet, W~ Mia Soc ……………….. 1811 17 5 19 200 6 193 8 258 328 200 – 839 65126 102 240 19 193 45582 27 138 NOI'th African M……………………………. 1881 29 .0 3 t33 13 29 1359 1-26 1 235 – – 4 2 2 4 t13 604 14387 1887 14 1889 96 3 14 14 41 18 18 22 5 184 1 8 26997 ~M• iBI~o il..l….U..n.i..o..n………………….. ….. … .. .. 42 -7 1-97 – 15 3850 – ….. … .. .. – 14 – 6 204 7984 14335 13455 – 6 8120 – 19 12 6 – – – – 8 – 4 tl0000 8 45 150 Society for tiOD of the Goepel ………….. 1862 168 2 tl14 38 132 430 – 9 726 70328 67 190 29 801 93 178 – * t120 14 921 8151 7 ~6 25021 1 1 tl000 Univenitiee M…. to Central Africa……………… IBM Zombeei Industrial Milo………………………. 1892 -65 29 t62 64 32 664 -10 * – – – 11 1 833 16 159 1 1 17 196 Eighteen Other Societiee c. . …………………. 1792 15 11 3 107 8 107 1 741 3 149 2 8 21 782 18 35 31 12 34 265 14 *129 *26 66 5 160 2502 710 3004 2643 2 9 t62 200 Continental Sacl….. , TIIIaIa. 21 ContInental Sacletl…………………. 1 1170 808 180 1142 238 437 5804 *199 *4 742 – 841 208 817 148 387 44888 24223 148 778 2117 _ 16 1 12 6 Baptist, German. Milo. Soc…………………… 1892 35 109 19 81 16 6M 3 49 *331 9 3124 600 1~ 3676 -11 -4 13 28 165 892 6481 Baael Evangelical Milo. Soc… .. ………………. 1828 225 41 636 2 2 -1 1 1 * Berlin Mill. Soc……………………………. 1837 – 93 31 79 24 80 915 25 609 2 29 22 104 18050 4063 622 9877 ————1 2 t2000 a 867 P'innieh Milo. Soc………………………….. 1870 227 -*24 *726 80 31 887 32280 4637 —— —-2 —-2 -2 1 37 13 m12 12 10 57 65 *50 27324 ——-1 —1 t26 000 -950 German East Africa, Milo. Soc '" ……………… 1888 74 2 9 1370 1503 – 1200 2984 –3 —2 —1 — 19 25 – 30 17 104 -363 —2 t2000 1 985 Lutheran, Haunover Milo. Soc ………………… 1882 22 — 10 10 31 -* * –* 17 1 278 990 4850 1 1 12 31 -* 10 2848 287 2631 1 1 – 3826 — 17773 Lutheran. HermallDlburg, Milo. Soc…………….. 50 -6 48 170 888 1 117 1 — IBM 90 19 113 2 188 28 149 30867 71 743 408 2 -7 – 11s.o If=~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 73 – 30 7 8 7 32 857 6926 2 2 – 486 1893 19 16 9 9 199 -* 32* 63 19 1 821 -215 8611 3 1887 11 57 5 180 34 13 469 -1 – t6000 33777 NOI'th German. Milo. Soc……………………. 1847 55 27 3 33 20 .0 1 130 40 50 637 –1 -1 — 42663 Norwegian Church Milan Schreuder. . .••..•…….. 1862 18 58 21 41 1 160 8 185 173 11 302 4965 5 36078 – 5 1 -34 – 7311 1 15000 N==Mi.. SOC•…………•••••••••••••••.• 1844 110 -45 10 – 37 109 5 122 6 7 1990 2733 – 788 1 6451 57 39 28 5887 taOOO – t20 000 2163 Parie vangelical Mill. Soc.. .. .. .. .. .. …. • …… 1832 165 2 109 987 14 104 28187 te1o1o7o6 24999 3882 45 31 24 17 13 114 18 1 104 113 35819 14286 *12 717 31069 677 Rheniah Mill. Soc ………………………….. 1830 117 9 lOS 5 30386 M Rheniah-Weetphalian Deaoon_' Soc•.••..•……. 1867 – – 62 10 9 11 8 72 — -75 10 – – – – 33 23044 2 126 4144 2133 3063 Romanda Mia ~)……………………… 1875 39 II 3 9 224 4 104 20 140 – tl500 3763 88 16 11 JO 14 12 99 23 15 2680 M 3111 * 4048 8wediah Church iIo………………………… 1878 32 14 97 –1 79 t45000 8wediah Boline. Union ………•••••••.•.•••….. 1891 23 – – 11 1 10 13 68 9 2691 tm- 31a 1 110 1041 2 134 8wediah Milo. Soc………………………….. 1886 M 219 22 130S 898 tl000 BwediIh Nationol Soc ………………•••••.••… 1887 42 11 11 11 2020 -263 441 Nine Other llocietiee d ………….. , .. ' " …….. 1874 411 30 -4 86 8 1019 9.0 4619 300 74 12 1183 160 1243 15 4 17 8 10 1 189 83 97 405 486 Indlln SacIeIy – – – – – – – – – 7 410 Telugu Baptist Mia Soc………. , …………… 1903 – – I 2 8 – 111 – – – – I~I Sacleti. 18 80 141 78 88 4110 *10 *218 *28 228 •• 18132 8182 28111 211231 7 1 2 18 32_ 18 252 T…… 8 IntMIaIIonaI Sacletl………………… 114 12 31 33 38 27 63 * * Africa. InIand-MiIo…………………………. 1895 31 2.0 10 -* * * * * * * –2 —-1 –1 -14 — tl0000 * 11138 Mcn'l'ian Church ………………………….. 1738 136 49 19 66 2 26 129 230 175 8279 15 9118 4608 1822 14804 -6 -1 t2298-6 South Africa General Milo. …………………… 1891 12 –* *M 22 43 1314 – 2114 Sudan United Mi…………………………… 1904 78 14 14 24 26 2 -18 1336 174 863 6 137 -4 Two Other Societi.. 6 ………………………. 1915 -12 -6 -8 -232 * – M 10 26 17 11 – — 30 – – 430 *295 31 11 *Data incomplete or not reported. tEetimate. Free Church: Methodist Epiaeopal (South) B'd Mita.: Methodist lem and East Milo.• Mildmay Milo. to Jewa: Nile Mill. Pro.: aBaptist Native AM·n. SOuth Africa: Baptist Union. West Epiacopal Zion. Milo. Soc.: Methodistl…WeaIeyan. Milo. Soc.: PeDiel NP,III! Ind~ Mi…: J;'enteooatal Mill.: Beot~ N.ti~ Africa: Baptiat Union. South Africa: Bethel Qrpbanage: Ohlange Mita. Soc.: Penteooet Bands of the world: Protestant Epiacopa1, Bible Soc.: Sierra Leone Mill.: Scuthern Morocco M….: Umted Industrial School: Presbyterian Native Million, South Africa: floc.: Y. W. C. A.• South Africa. B'd of Milo.: Scandinavian AUiance Mita.: Stearn'. Church and Methodist Mia Soc. B!>c.: B,oe.: Bapt~ Bible CIa.ea: United Brethren (Old Constitution) Mi… Soc. d Bao~•.French. Mi… Baptiat, S…ediah. ¥iIo. •b Ameli,!", Bible 8ocietr: Baptist.(~th) Mill!. Breklum M…. Soc.: Ooaamer M…. Soc.: Netherlan" M_ Umon: Nationol. Mia Soc.: Baptist. ScandinaVlloD: Chriatian Woman, e AnaoIa Evanplical Milo.: Baptist Induatrial Milo.: British Norwegian Mia Union: Philafrican Mia: Bwediah Allianoe Mia: B'd of Milo.: Goepel Milo. Soc.: Hephllibah Faith Mita.: Holinoaa and FOI'.lIible Soc.: Central Morocco Mia. Church of Scotland, Sudan Pi~ Milo. Free. Milo.: Churth of Beotland. Milo. to JeWI: Friend'. Anti- Church(Canada): HoUneae Union.lnternatioDal Apoetolic: Luth…… Slavery Com.: Heart of Africa Milo.: Ikweai Lamaci Milo.: Jeruaa- • WOI'ld·. S. S. Aee'n: World', W. C. T. U.

THE PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS AT WORK IN AFRICA FOREIGN STAFF NATIVE STAFF CHURCH MEDICAL '~i 0 .as z .. .5 ! J 1 ~i i I ~ .!I J: ~ … j jj ! ) I 1J . 1 J J J ~j ji j 1Jj J – :!!.§ " DENOMINATIONAL FAMILIES ~~ I il II s-! 0 ~ – -I:> – -I:> – il )! ~ )! ] i-l l -.1•.1.- 'il i — ~ – ]1 – – – – t~ -I>< – – – -~f-t1'3- — – – 1Z1'S — —- -l'Ja-f Anglican (6080cietiee) a ……………………… 1816 866 321 73 285 207 259 6079 *282 *4 509 *486 1 301 137 200 169388 72065 31 102 136232 10 1 16 18 42 116 492 040 Baptist and Chriatian (168ocietiee) b …………… 1850 260 113 17 97 33 68 10M 143 *873 ~ .59 26711 4676 7800 14380 27 134 16 2 12 46 205 384 29 398 1818 244 •84 27 *71 624 63688 8912 186 843 49974 34 821 9 1 7 11 65 724 161 828 QoaIregationol (4 8ocietiee)•……….•.•.•…•… 1867 48 17 99 34 73 4096 *488 *3173 – 22 186 3890 Friends (3 Societi..) d ……………………….. 1891 62 21 1 18 9 – 16 136 – 20 149 6849 5643 2 16 – 6000 4108 Hoiineae (7 8onietiee) •• . ……………………. 1844 18 12 – 18 77 114 – – – – – 14 25 1308 577 1811 Lutheran (12 Societiee)i, …………………….. 1736 63 2263 6118 998 Methodist and United rethren (12 Soc.) g … ••••••. 1824 491 217 18 173 83 188 2061 *132 *1 683 *133 343 73330 82 021 14063 8765 48678 3 3 6 7 43 331 51 860 Mcn'l'ian (1 Society) ……………………….. – – – – – – 484 198 29 189 87 144 4449 320 *2 095 *72 2339 159012 115 697 110 961 97951 109 643 10 2 6 18 35826 77782 1888 136 .9 19 66 2 31 2.0 10 230 175 8279 15958 4608 1822 14804 11 138 Presbyterian and Reformed (9 Soc.)" ………….. – – – – – 834 2M 115 293 167 199 6699 *200 *26 *618 451 112 239 a 115 81818 88 'M 215 6118 30 1 22 a 266097 170183 Seventh Day Adventist (1 Society)……………… 156 29 66 56 5 M 293 *2 *124 * 43 2088 4735 9824 1 – 38841 *lnoom,Plete. c African-QhIange Induetrial, South African Union. American Continental-Breklum. Finnish. Hannover. Hermannaburg. Leiplig. a Amencan – Protestant Epiaeopal. British-Church Milo. Norwegian. Schreuder. S…edith Church. Swedish National. -American Board. Britioh-London Mi… Soc. Soc•• Jerusalem and East. London M'l88. to J…… Society for Pro- d American-Friends' For. Mise Soc. British-Anti-Blavery VAfrican-BoutJ: African. American-African. Free, North. pagation of GoaDeI. Universiti.. Mita. Soutb, WeaIeyan, United Brethren. United Brethren (Old Con.). Society. Foreign Milo. A..·n. b African-West African Native. South African. South African 6 American-Hep'hJibah Faith Mita.• Canadian HoUneae Church. Zion. British-Primitive. United. WeaIeyan. Native, South African Union. American-National. Northern. II Afrioan-Bouth Africa Presby.• Dutch Reformed. American International A)108toIic UniOD, Peniel Mi… Soc.• Penteooat Bands of Scandina'l'ian Southern. Chriatian Woman', B'd. Chriatian Foreign the World. British-Penteeootal Union. Continental-S…edisb -North. South. United. British-Church of Beotland. Free Church HoUn… Union. of Scotland, Scottish Miss. to Jewa, United Free Church of Beotland. .s… Mi… Soc. British-English. Scottish Industrial. Continental- I American-Free Church, General Synod, United Norwegian. French .German ediah. India-Telugu.

DlSPEN'~ARY. LIRHAJD,A STATION, BRITISH EAST

~/ . ,, ,- The Friends' .Ind.ustrial. Missio.n In Africa Under the Direction of the American_Friends' Board of Foreign Missions BY MISS MARTHA W. STANLEY, El)ITOR OF "THE AFRICAN RECORl)"

'F1FTEENy. ear.s ag.o, in April, 1902, a prospecting party, consisting of three young men, was senJ out by American Friends to British East Africa to select a suitable site for an Industrial Mission.

Landing at Mombassa, East Africa, they were passengers on one of the first trains that made the through trip on the Uganda railroad from the coast to Kisuinu (Port Florence), nearly 600 miles inland on the shores' of the great Victoria Nyanza. This railway was a great blessing, as it enabled them to passqi.Iickly the dreaded fever belt along the coast and to reach the more healthful uplands.

The British Government offici,als at Kisumu encouraged the pioneers in their undertaking and offete'd .valuable suggestions. After about five weeks of prospecting they came upon the present location of Kaimosi Station in the Kavirondo District, about 20 miles northeast of Kisumu. They were united in believing they had found the object of their prayers, and subsequent developments have shown that this place is admirably adapted for an Industrial Mission.

A SMALL PART OF A LARGE FUNERAL IN BRITISH EAST

These Africans believe death to be caused by evil spirits and 'death is accompanied by frightful wailing'S. Droves of cattle are driven round the hut of the dead. Mourners smear their bodies with white clay and ·wear crude bells on their hips that give out wierd no ~scs as they dance

FRIENDS' INDUSTRIAL MISSION IN

Kaimosi has an elevation of about 5,300 feet above the sea and a temperature ranging from 48 to 98 degrees. The climate is exceptionally healthful for Africa, notwithstanding that it is only a few miles north of the Equator. There are springs of pure water gushing from the hillsides and a river near by with a natural waterfall, very fertile soil, and to the east a dense forest skirting the escarpment. To the north can be seen Mt. Elgon, 14,200 feet high, and lying to the west and south is a beautiful rolling country, covered here and there with trees. Bright- colo:ed flowers are abundant, and numbers of song-birds fill the air with mUSiC.

The missionaries found that the charming beauty of the landscape was in vivid contrast to the degradation of the Kavirondo people. They were living in thatch huts with mud floors and walls, the same hut fur- nishing also the housing for cattle, sheep, goats and chickens.

The morality of the people was what might be expected to result from centuries of unrestrained impulses, and seemed to have reached a level even lower than that of the beasts with which they lived. A man's suit of clothes often consisted of a leather pocket suspended from the shoulder by a cord; and the dress of a woman was a few strands of cord made of banana fiber tied around the waist. A man was allowed as many wives as he could purchase with cattle, the price ranging from one to five head of cattle, three to eight sheep or goats and five to ten native hoes. The price depended an the woman's health, beauty (not judged by American standards), and inclination to work. As in all non- Christian lands woman does the arduous labor of the family. The Kavirondo tribe are more industrious and intelligent and their personal appearance is less revolting than many other African tribes. There was, however, an utter abserice of any impulse or motive to a better life.

Superstition made them an easy prey to the vicious practices of the witch doctors. They live in c;onstant fear of the spirits of departed relatives, which are supposed to have an evil influence. They believe that all calamities, sickness and death are brought upon them by evil spirits. Death is always the oCl:asion of frightful heathen wailing, a clamor and din about the grave and a dance, all of which make a sad, dark picture. Droves of cattle are driven around and around the hut where the corpse lies that they may help mourn for the dead. Sometimes there are thou- sands of people at a funeral and the scenes enacted are heartrending. . Mourners are smeared with white clay, wear rude bells on the hips, rat- tlers on the knees, hippopotamus tusks around the head. A doleful wail comes from their lips. How different it would be if they only knew Jesus as the Giver of Life.

Some have asked whether human beings, found in such a degraded condition as these Africans, are capable of development. Experience has proved that they may become intelligent, earnest Christians.

The Kavirondo people were friendly to white men, although many

befor~ this time had never seen a white face. The Mission was begun with camping tents for dwelling houses; a "crooked'tree was the chapel; school was held in the open, with a chart hung on a pole stuck in the ground. Broad foundations were, however, laid for an industrial mis- sion, whose policy should be to teach the natives the dignity of labor as well as help them physically, intellectually and spiritually. About a thousand acres of fine forest land was secured from the Government.

There is a river with a waterfall, which, by installing a turbine, it has been possible to use for power. A sawmill and other wood-working ma- chinery was installed, and later a brick machine. There was no means of transportation for goods from the railroad terminus to Kaimosi ex- cept on the heads of natives, so that the missionaries, with native help provided by the Government, superintended the construction of a twenty- mile cartroad between these points. "

Native labor has been hired and used for the felling of trees, log- ging, bricklaying, plowing of the land. care of the gardens, herding of the transport and other oxen, in the building of the permanent homes for the missionaries, chapels for the stations, and in the various work around the homes of the missionaries. Although at first not efficient and ac- curate, yet the lessons taught the workers were invaluable. The effect is seen in their lives, and they are now building separate apartments for their cattle and better homes for themselves. One of the most important features of tIie industrial work is that it keeps many people under the in- fluence of the Gospel by daily contact with the missionaries.

The people live by agriculture a.nd the raising of cattle, sheep and goats. As their methods are very crude it is possible to help them greatly in improving their crops of Kaffir corn, millet, beans, sweet potatoes, and other produce. Bananas grow wild and are eaten when green by the natives, who boil'them. The herds are of an inferior type.

In the improvement of all these things the native' is coming to appre- ciate the suggestions of the trained agriculturist missionary. The women do most of the work for the family. Very early in the morning many women with their native hoes can be seen going along the well-trodden paths that lead to their gardens. Here they spend the forenoon, digging away with the very crude hoe until about noon, when they gather up small sticks and limbs of trees, piling them into very straight and regu- lar stacks and tying them together with the bark from some sapling.

The bundles are immense, but as they are only women they are sup- posed to carry heavy loads. Then they hasten home to prepare the meal for the family. The men cat first, and if there is anything left, the woman has her meal. If not, she grinds some more millet on the large stone before the hut, cooks it and uncomplainingly eats it. Such is woman's lot in heathendom.

The effect of the various industrial activities on the native mind was voiced by one 'of the men who accepted Christ and developed into an

A SCENE AT A SABBATH SERVICE IN BRITISH EAST

This picture shows how the heathens are gathered together to ' bear the Gospel. The service is usually conducted by natives SOMETIMES ONE OR TWO THOUSAND PEOPLE ATTENb A SABBATH SERVICE When the mission has beco~e established it draws congregations from a radius of many miles

earnest worker. This was his argument in a meeting he was leading: "The white men came among us and told us they were going to make the river saw wood. We thought they were boasting. The river was no different than it had been as long as our oldest chief could remember. But they did it (referring to the turbine and sawmill). They told us they would make stones out of the ground to build their houses. We did not believe them, but they did it (making brick). Now we must believe them in all these things because the white man has done as he said he would, and all these things are true. We know they did not boast or lie. They tell us about a God that loves us and His Son Jesus, the Saviour. Why should we not believe them in that also?"

Like most tribes of Central Africa, the Kavirondo had no written language, and the missionaries began to make a memoranda of native words, meanwhile using Ki-Swahili through an interpreter. This was originally an East Coast language and was reduced to writing more than twenty-five years ago. The entire Bible, stories ofthe new and old Testament, books on Christian life, various text books, hymn books, a monthly magazine, and a great deal of other literature have been published in Ki-Swahili, which many familiar with the conditions think may become the universal language of Central Africa. For these reasons it is quite essential that missionaries should master it, as well as the dialect of the particular tribe among whom they are working. The Kavirondo, as well as the Ki-Swahili, belongs to the great family of Bantu languages.

Now a grammar in Kavirondo was completed and there are a few hymns, scripture texts, a small first reader and the Gospel of Mark, translated into this dialect. The work is not yet sufficiently developed to reach the higher grades, but in elementary work some have shown remarkable aptitude and have mastered all that has been given them in their own language. Advanced work is given the natives in Ki-Swahili, and the advanced pupils who are capable are placed in charge of branch schools or used as teachers for beginners. A complete printing outfit has been sent to the field during the past year and is proving of great service in this branch of the work.

Recently an educational epidemic has spread in the neighborhood of the stations. At Kaimosi Station, two Christian young men came in one morning to say that their council of native elders had decided to put their children into school, and that it would be the business of the parents to see that they attended regularly. The missionaries could scarcely believe their ears, as the chiefs and people had long been indifferent. But, true to their word, the next morning came Madaha, headman for Isiau, one of the most indifferent of chiefs, followed by fifty children. He asked that they be enrolled and taught regularly, saying that he would come with the children daily, keep them in order, look up delinquents and also "get some learning." And so he did. Day after ,day he sat among the children, keeping them in order-a wonderful help to the teacher. This proved to be only the beginning.

17] THE FRIENDS' INDUSTRIAL MISSION IN AFRICA

The countless throngs of naked heathen who swarmed about the stations claimed the attention of the women missionaries from the first. Sewing schools were started. Boys, women and girls were taught to make their clothes. When we remember that these people had never had a needle in their fingers, neither did they understand the value of a thimble nor the use of scissors, we may in a measure appreciate the task of teaching them to sew.

Many amusing incidents occur to relieve the pressure. Clothes are a . requirement for attendance at school. One young woman who had secured a dress did not know how to get into it. Finally she tried to climb into it as though it was a pillowslip with the closed end down. The native idea has been that clothes were only for ornament. It seemed the height of absurdity when a big black chief came strutting up to the mission one morning, proud as a gobbler, with nothing on but a high tile hat.

Medical work in Africa, as elsewhere, has proved an entering wedge for the Gospel. Two of the present nineteen missionaries are doctors and another is a trained nurse, while all of the missionaries have given this branch of missionary work special attention. One of the earliest operations was success- fully performed on the son of Kivini. the chief in whose district Lir- handi Station was afterward lo- AN AFRICAN WARRIOR cated. About 9,000 cases in all the Good physique but little else stations are treated annually, and it is planned to greatly enlarge this branch of the work when the hospital now under construction is completed.

In the policy of the Friends African Industrial Mission the indus- trial activities have their place; so also have the educational and medical departments, but all three are merely means to an end, and the object

of the whole is the s.alvation of the souls of the people and the establish- ment of a native Christian Church.

The Mission now has four stations. Its sphere of influence, as designated by the missionary societies operating in British East Africa, extends from a few miles north of the Equator, at a point where a meridian would pass through Kisumu, north about eighty miles to Mt. Elgon, and is approximately forty miles wide. The population of this district is somewhere between 350,000 and 500,000. One station to about 800 square miles with the responsibility of 100,000 people I The position occupied by.the Friends Africa Industrial Mission is strategic. Just to the north is the great Mohammedan belt, and the de- :'votees of Islam are rapidly pressing southward. . : . }3vangelistic work is carried on at all stations in daily and Sabbath servrces, prayer meetings, inquirers' meetings, Sabbath-schools for the children and Christian Endeavor for the young Christians. All of these ate sewing good seed and reaping spiritual harvests. In 1909 the Chris- tians were organized into a native church and with few exceptions, there has· been a steady growth in the spiritual 'life of the members. Great care is exercised in the thorough instruction of prospective members as well as by placing them on an extensive term of probation. As a re- sult, the harmful influence of "back-sliding" is largely avoided.

Christian homes have been established that are exerting a powerful influence for good. Many of those who have accepted Christ as their personal Saviour show a determination to make Him known to others and- are of great assistance to the Mission. Some of these are develop- ing into effective and powerful preachers. With their help, services are held on the Sabbath at about twenty out-preaching points, and during the week thousands of natives come under the sound of the Gospel.

Dr. Arthur T. Pierson once said: "The missionaries in Africa are, .almost without exception, practical men and women-men and women who believe in .giving industrial education-but giving it in connection with spiritual teaching." This applies to the nineteen consecrated men and women now"associated with the Friends Africa Industrial Mission~ Whatever the work in which they are engaged, whether working in the soil or in the mill, teaching, ministering to the sick or preaching, theil' one aim is to bring to these people a true, workable knowledge of sal- vation from sin through the atoning blood of Jesus Christ. Who knows but that this work is part of the answer to the prayer of Bishop Han- nington when he passed through this very region in 1885 on his way to Uganda just before he met his violent death and exclaimed: "0 that fair Kavirondo might be won for Christ I"

N ow is our great opportunity. God grant that we may measure up to our privileges and, under the leadership of the Holy Spirit, quickly plant the standard of Jesus Christ over that entire region.

Over-Churching and Its

. The Greatest Present Problem in Home and Foreign Missions BY REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, NASHVILLE, TENN.

Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S.

T HE duplication of denominational effort is vitally related to the progress of Christ's Kingdom, both at home and abroad, and yet Christians are generally ignorant of the facts. A knowledge of these facts must precede intelligent search for the remedy. Diagnosis must come before prescription. Facts are always friends. In business, in science, in religion, in every department of thought and effort, progress depends on knowing the facts. To spread' the knowledge of them is a plain duty, for the more minds we can focus on the facts, the sooner will their true meaning and bearing be perceived and the needed remedies and readjustments discovered.

Four representatives of one of the strong denominations, thre~ of them well known doctors of divinity and one a prominent ruling elder, were asked: "In the Southern States there is one evangelical church organization to how many people ?" They had never given the matter a moment's thought. When pressed for an estimate, the business man said one church to every 3,000 of the population. The three ministers guessed 5,000, 7,000 and 10,000. The average estimate of these four experienced church leaders was about twenty times the correct figure.

This incident fairly represents the prevalent lack of definite knowl- edge regarding the religious needs of America. Yet this is a subject on which the most ample and exact information, covering individual states, counties, and communities, would seem to be required by Christian workers as the first condition of wise planning and expenditure. '

WHERE MORE CHURCHES ARE NEEDED While most places are over-churched, more churches and ministers are undoubtedly needed in many districts, among many classes of people, such as miners, mountaineers, immigrants, and the like. In the effort to meet these needs a vigorous and discriminating home mission work has ample justification and incentive. The over-churching in our cities is also not nearly so marked as in the towns and country districts, but no student of city work can fail to note the tremendous disproportion between the money expended in costly church plants, and the amount spent to reach and mold the cities' masses. In the effort to abate this • painful contrast-lovers of the Kingdom will find a noble and needy field.

Some of the things I saw in Texas, while visiting a number of towns there, made me heartsick. In one little place, for example, there were four struggling Presbyterian churches, each of a different Presbyterian family. All four together would have made one really efficient church, with a well-supported resident pastor, while the releasing of three ministers and the sale of three unneeded church properties would have meant a large net addition, without any countervailing loss, to the home and foreign forces of Christ's Kingdom. The immense saving in men and money resulting from a union of Presbyterian churches in Texas along congregational, educational and other lines, would make a consolidated Presbyterian Church of Texas, for its size, one of the most efficient, powerful, and best equipped churches in America for both home and foreign mission work.

A practical inquiry is: "What proportion should the number of evangelical churches bear to the local population?" Two years ago an expert committee, under the auspices, I believe, of the Federal Council, made a report to the Commission on Church and Country Life, in which it stated that for the best results, in towns and open country, there should not be more than one church and trained pastor to a thousand of the population, except where the population of an entire township was less than this.

THE SITUATION IN THE SOUTH From a study of the United States religious census of 1906 it was found that in Alabama there was an average of one evangelical church to every 248 people j Arkansas, one to every 293 j Florida, one to 249 j Georgia, one to 258 j Kentucky, one to 362; Louisiana, one to 437; Mississippi, one to 244; Missouri, one to 397; North Carolina, one to 254; South Carolina, one to 267; Tennessee, one to 272 j Texas, one to 400; Virginia, one to 299; West Virginia, one to 356.

For seven of these states the average was one church to every 256 people, and for the South as a whole, one to every 3 19. In other words, the average is more than three churches to every thousand people, of whom only one-third are church members. Of these members nearly two-thirds are women and a considerable proportion young people. The bearing of these facts on the size, growth and financial support of churches is evident. * Whether or not the South is the most truly relig- ious part of the Union, it is certainly the most church-full. Since cities have usually more than a thousand people to each church, or three times the general average, it follows that in the towns and country the proportion of people to churches must be below this • Since the census, on which these figures are based, was taken eleven years ago, and since the church membership in the last twenty-six years has increased 94 per cent., to the population's 61 per cent., the natural inference would be that the figures are certainly not too low to represent present conditions.

OVER-CHURCHING AND ITS

average. Bishop Lambuth, two years ago, told me that he had just come from preaching in a town which had seven churches to a popula- tion of 700. Such cases are by no means so unusual as might be sup- posed.

Such facts as these have a distinct bearing on the efficiency of our church life and a profound and conscience-stirring significance to every student of the Kingdom in its world relations.

In Asia and Africa there are to-day countries with districts con- taining a population of 100,000,000 with no resident missionary among them. In America we have multiplied ministers for ourselves till in the South we have an average of one evangelical minister to every 470 people, while the whole Protestant world has sent to China one minister to every 200,000 of her people. In Georgia, with its two and three- fourths millions of people, there are more than three times as many evangelical ministers as the whole number sent to China with its popula- tion of one~fourth the human race. In every Southern town and city you can take your choice of from one to half a dozen churches in easy reach, while in China there are more' than 1,500 large cities with millions on millions of population and no resident missionary in any one of them. In Africa there are thousands of villages where Christ's N arne has never been spoken.

"YOUR SIN WILL FIND YOU OUT"

This selfish policy of the modern church has its exact illustration in the history of God's ancient people. When the children of Israel were entering the Promised Land, they came to the grassy plains east of Jordan, whose heathen possessors they defeated. This region the tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh begged might be assigned them as their permanent home in the land of Canaan. But Moses sharply reminded them that Canaan as a whole was yet unpossessed. He declared that if they selfishly settled down to the 'enjoyment of this captured fraction of the land, leaving the larger task unaccomplished, they would be committing a sin whose punishment would surely overtake them. "If ye will not go all of you armed over Jordan until the land be subdued before the Lord, then behold, ye have sinned against the Lord. And be sure your sin will find you out."

This sin, so sternly denounced in the ears of God's ancient people as carrying its own most certain punishment, is the outstanding sin of God's present-day Church-the sin, namely, of settling selfishly down in our Christianized fraction of the world, multiplying churches for ourselves till they crowd each other, while the larger part of the world we have scarcely more than touched. Has this sin found us out?

I. It has found us out in the hardships and impaired efficiency it entails upon Christian ministers. They are the chief sufferers. According to government statistics, the average salary of ministers in America

is $663, while the average wages of stablemen are $689, and of New York City hod-carriers, $900. Leaving out the largest 125 cities in America, the average salary of ministers is $573. Where a fraction of every ten hundred people must support three churches, where several ministers must be paid where one should suffice, no one receives a living support. In the investigation of one hundred of the smaller towns in Massachusetts it was found that the average salary paid in towns with one church was $874, with two churches $687, with three churches $473.

If a minister is worrying over money matters, hampered by hardships and family expenses that he cannot meet, how can he preach inspiring sermons or radiate strength and hopefulness in his parish work? Harassed by debt, he has little juice of courage or joy left for his work. Without the means to buy necessary literature to enrich his mind, starved for books and ideas, his congregations must also starve. If a few geniuses succeed in spite of poverty, that does not help the average man who needs the equipment as a substitute for genius and is doomed to deterioration without it. The utterly inadequate support given the average minister is a chief source of ministerial inefficiency and a curse to the Church. Its deadening results along all religious lines, and its underlying cause, are alike beyond question.

INEFFICIENT CHURCHES 2. Our sin has found us out in the blight it entails upon tens of thousands of churches. Where the churches are over-multiplied, the average membership must be small. Half the evangelical churches in America have less than 65 members each, of whom nearly two-thirds are women and a considerable fraction are young people, leaving a handful of men to bear the chief brunt of its support. These churches cannot afford resident pastors because no one of them can support a resident pastor. And no three or four of them in the same community can unite to support one because they belong to different denominations. They cannot support a live Sunday-school or young people's society, because there are not enough young people to make a live Sunday-school or society in anyone of them. Small church attendance begets listless activities. – Of course every large church was once little, and where they are needed and have room to grow, small churches should be planted and helped. In growing states and communities weak churches are often on the way to being strong churches. Here as elsewhere faith and foresight reap large returns. But in mature–and settled older states it has been found that there is a direct ratio between the size of the church and its prospects of growth. Normal men and women like to be connected with a vigorous and growing enterprise rather than one that is stagnant or decaying. They prefer to belong to an organization that is doing aggressive work.

OVER-CHURCHING AND ITS RESULTS &27

FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The Department of Church and Country Life of the Home Mission Board of the Northern Presbyterian Church, in connection with other agencies, made an exhaustive investigation of four sections of Ohio, taking an average of about five counties each in the Northeastern, Northwestern, Southeastern, and Southwestern sections of the state that their field of survey might be thoroughly representative, and including in it the open country and all towns and villages of 2,500 population and under. A study of the 1,5 I 5 churches in nineteen counties showed that where the membership is .

1- 25 2% of the churches are growing.

26- 50 17% of the churches are growing.

51-100 48% of the churches are growing. 101-150 58% of the churches are growing. 151-200 and over, 79% of the churches are growing.

The report says, "The regularity with which the increase of efficiency and ability to survive parallels the increase in membership is very striking." It was further found that of the churches enjoying the full time. of a mini~ter 60% were growing, while of those with one-fourth his time, or less, only 26% were growing.

The report finds that in settled and mature communities 80% of the churches having fifty or less members are losing ground, and that in such communities not till a church has at least one hundred members does it have an even chance to grow. It names over-churching, and non-residency of ministers, as the chief troubles.

In the report's final summing up we read: "It can be shown from county after county that those neighbor- hoods, in which there is a large number of small poorly equipped churches, are responding the least readily to the influence of those churches. The religious forces are in those cases so divided that their impact upon society is almost negligible. Communities with a large number of weak churches, as a general rule, show a smaller proportion of their population in the church membership. In the average Ohio county, one church to every 500 or 600 of the population gives an ample number, provided those churches are properly equipped and maintained. We may take Ashtabula County as an example. Here there are five townships which have one church to approximately every 175 of the total farming population. These five townships show an average of 17% of their population in the church membership. Six townships have one church to every 250 and show 21 % of the popu- lation as church members. Eight townships have one church to every 350 and show 24ro as church members. Four townships have one to every 450 and show 26% members. Then there are four town- ships which have not churches enough. In these there is one church to £rom 700 tQ 1,,300 of the population and but 11 % of the popnla-

tion are church members. These figures could be duplicated for other communities. Over-churching is not only a matter of having more churches than are needed, but of having more than can be so equipped and maintained as to do the work: properly and efficiently. Geauga and Defiance counties [two out of 19] are the only counties surveyed which do not show clearly the serious effects of over-churching."

THE ECONOMIC WASTE 3. Our sin has found us out in the economic waste and lack of return that marks the present system. Here are four weak churches, for example, in a village or country community. In each church a faithful few strain themselves to pay for part of a minister's time, and for fuel, light, and repairs for fheir one-room church. All honor to them! But what do they get in return? A fraction of the service of an absentee minister, who is not and cannot be a pastor to them, infrequent servkes thinly attended, a Sunday-school too small to generate enthusiasm, occasional long lapses when they have no minister at all, a poorly equipped building, a chronic sense of struggle and failure, a church too weak to exert a commanding influence in the community-nay, a church that {(cheapens Christianity in the estimation of the world and the young people by identifying it in their minds with the kind of halfstarved religious life that the present policy necessitates in myriads of communities. "

Were these four little churches to come together, they could have a resident pastor for all his time; regular and better preaching every Sunday; Sunday-school, young people's society, church fellowship, and community influence, quadrupled; while the sale of the unneeded church properties would give them i beautiful church home adequate to modern requirements; and all this, not by taxing anyone an extra dollar, but simply by substituting economic wisdom for economic waste.

IGNOBLE RIVALRIES 4· Our sin has found us out in the unworthy motives, rivalries, and competitions engendered by the present system. When three or four churches are struggling to sustain themselves among every ten hundred people, where one church would suffice, the temptation to jealousy and rivalry is too strong for average human nature. Where the financial eligibles are so few and the churches so many and poor, the results should surprise no one. The Home Mission report already quoted says, "Denominational prejudice exists in all of the communities studied. In 20% of them it was discovered breaking out into more or less open strife." For obvious reasons this temptation is far greater in towns and viIIages than in cities. How inimical it is to any community service program, I need not point Ql.It.

OVER-CHURCHING AND ITS

The story goes, and behind its humor there is food for saddest thought, that in one little town where the churches were crowded on adjoining corners within easy hearing of each other's music, one Sunday morning the Methodists were singing, "Will there be any stars in my crown ?," and the Baptists promptly replied, "No, not one; no, not one," whereupon the Presbyterians shouted, "That will be glory for me."

How often is a minister pained to see many of his most active workers inspired by a sectarian zeal to have their own church distance all rivals! Nay, how often are a minister's own motives and ideals grad- ually and insensibly tarnished by the atmosphere of competition in which he lives, by the manifest discontent of his own officers and members when some neighboring church and minister seem to be getting ahead, by their hinted or clearly voiced feeling that he is not getting the results they .want or proving himself the kind of pastor needed, by the consequent reluctant sacrifice of his highest ideals to the allurement of methods that promise visible victory and success, till Enally he wakes with a start to the realization that the old happy sense of peace and fellowship with his Saviour is gone and that he is feverishly working not from love of Christ and immortal souls, but from motives that move on a far lower plane.

Do you say that nevertheless more activity is thus generated, since competition is the life of effort? I reply, this kind of competition is the death of spiritual religion. It takes the soul out of it, leaving only the rattle and clank of church machinery. Ignoble motives are sins against Christ, and can never build up the Kingdom of God either within or around us.

SELF-ABSORPTION 5. Our sin has found us out in the self-absorption which the present. system tends to produce in the majority of churches. Since most of the evangelical churches in the United States have less than 65 members each, the struggle to live, to exist, to keep their heads above water, is so sev~re that they are forced to think mainly of themselves and to spend on .thelnselves nearly all that they can give.

A certain rare bird, writes a fellow-secretary, which its keepers had kept alive with difficulty, finally to their great delight laid an egg; but when the chick was hatched, the parent promptly ate it. Tens of thousands of weak churches undoubtedly produce eggs, often at the cost of heroic effort, but most of them they are compelled to eat themselves.

The popular idea that the organization of every new little church means of necessity the opening of a fresh and growing fountain of missionary liberality, is lamentably untrue. In settled communities the vast majority of little churches are doomed to remain little, with their gifts and activities largely absorbed in the supply of their own necessities.

N at only is this an incalculable loss to the world work of the Kingdom, but its effect on the churches themselves is spiritually narrowing and depressing. Their gaze is turned inward. They become self-centered, or, in St. Peter's language, "blind; seeing only what is near."

HOW DOES IT LOOK TO CHRIST?

How does this over-churching look to Him Who, when laboring in one city, was ever thinking of those "other cities also" yet unvisited? When His narrow-minded Jewish disciples were asking only about the restoration of the kingdom unto Israel, our Lord rebuked them with, "Go ye into all the world; make disciples of all the nations; preach the gospel to every creature." When they still clung to Jerusalem, He sent a persecution to scatter them. When, in the third largest city of the Roman world a little Christian church had a foot-hold, though it was but ten years old, and though heathenism was still regnant and rampant around it, yet God Himself gave the direct command to send away their two best men to carry the Gospel to other nations.

That is God's policy and to give effect to that policy Christ organized His Church. What must He think now, after nineteen centuries, to see 97% of His churches and ministers crowded into a few favored countries while half the world has hardly yet heard of Him? What does He think to see many parts of America so thickly planted with churches that they actually have not room to grow, while sister lands perish for lack of churches? What must Christ think?

KOREAN CHURCH LIFE A recent visitor to Chosen reports: "In Syen Chun fully one-half of the population are Christians. Market day comes every fifth day. Vhen it happens to fallon Sunday, by official act of the city, market day goes over to Monday. All differences between be- lievers are settled by the elders. 'Dare any of you having a matter against another go to law before the unjust and not before the saints?' (1 Cor. 6:1) is li teraIly carried out. "One Sunday a missionary friend called attention to a distinguished Korean gentleman and said: " 'That man has only just been made an elder, although one of the very earliest believers. He is a prominent man. He was made a deacon but the people would not elect him an elder because of his stinginess. He did not give according to his means. In fact we had him up before the session once for his lack of liberality and it was not until he had overcome at this point that he was elected an elder.' "

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The Report of an American Traveler in the Far East BY REV. EDWARD LINCOLN SMITH, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions Dr. and Mrs. Smith, with Mr. and Mrs. Franklin H. Warner, have recently returned from an extended tour to the mission /ields in Japan, China and India. Their reports are illuminatin!! and fasc;nal;n!!.-EDIToR.

T HE Church at home ought to realize, far more than she seems to do today, that mission work is not a work of the foreign or home board to which church members contribute at the urgent request of secretaries, but that it is her own· work which secretaries and treasurers are appointed to direct for her. This being true, the churches ought to be more keen in contributing to, in promoting, and in visiting their own work. "Vb-en a church adopts a missionary, one result ought to be a carefully laid plan to send a deputation from that church to visit that missionary in the midst of his distant work. When the appointed delegate' returns with report of progress and needs, attention and' enthusiasm are more apt to follow than from the exhortations of a secretary.

I went to India with many questions in the back of my head. One was, "Do these people value the Gospel highly? Are they willing to suffer for it?" Eyes and ears were open for testimony on that point. Consequently, there was deep interest in the story of Pastor Subramanian of the Wesleyan Mission of Madras. Missionaries spoke of him as a most eloquent Indian preacher and effective evangelist. He is of high caste Brahmin family. When a boy he was sent to a mission school. He soon developed a desire to become a Christian and sought permission from his parents. They refused indignantly and ordered him home at once. As the boy knew that he would never be allowed to return to the school if he obeyed, he decided to remain. One day, however, he was caught outside the school, and taken home by force. Every variety of discipline was used to eradicate his purpose of becoming a Christian. He was beaten, starved, and branded with a red hot iron, the scar of which he carries upon his forehead to this day. One tooth is gone-pried out in the effort to force poison down his throat. He was tied to a pillar of the verandah and beaten by his uncles so cruelly that now, twenty-eight years later, he carries the deep corrugated scars upon his back. His mother upon her knees plead with him to forsake this crazy idea, and not to separate himself from them aU. When he refused again, she cursed him and spat in

his face, as a sign that he could no longer be her son. "That," he said, "was the bitterest moment of my life."

After he had been twenty-four hours without food or water, pity came into the heart of the sister, who in the dead of night was taking her turn at watching. She cut the cords, gave him five rupees, (all she had) and a drink of water, and begged him to run for his life. By good fortune he managed to get to the railway station in the village seven miles away, told his story to the engineer, was taken aboard and so disguised that he escaped recognition by the Brahmins, who searched the train at each station along the road. When they reached his destination, the engineer gave him a lantern to carry, and, smeared with oil and soot, looking like an engineer's helper, he walked unsuspected through the group of searchers and successfully returned to the missionaries. They sent him to school in another district for several years until his family seemed to forget or to lose interest in him. Not even yet are they reconciled to him, but he goes his way, a minister of Jesus Christ, a constant witness to the fact that in India there are men who have had to pay dearly, almost with their lives, for the faith in Christ that is in them.

N otwithstandingthe bitter opposition of the Hindus and the loss of caste which every Christian suffers, there'are today about three million Christians in Ceylon and India.

SOCIAL UPLIFT WORK We find missionaries giving attention to every line of effort which may help the people. A recent experiment in social uplift has been undertaken by the American Board workers at Sholapur in the Marathi Mission, It is an effort to reform and establish in respectable ways of life about three thousand members of the Robber Caste. These people have been put under the care of the ~ission by the Indian Government with an appropriation sufficient to bear the cost of all that is done for them. The missionaries delegated to superintend these unfortunates act as guardians for the entire group, their authority being supported by the· government. They are trying to put the adults to work in the cotton mills of Sholapur, and to teach them to stick to their work and save their wages for their family. Day schools and night schools will be established for the children. Everything possible will be done to improve the personal habits and living conditions of these people. A large bathing tank has been constructed. Sanitation will be given attention; the construction of homes and the care of the family will be improved. Religious services may be introduced and maintained at the discretion of the missionaries; no restraint whatever is imposed by the government upon the propagation of Christianity among these people. The experiment is viewed with great hope and

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MEMBERS OF A CRIMINAL TRIBE IN INDIA enthusiasm by the missionaries. They are confident of their ability to greatly benefit their charges physically, morally, and spiritually. These people are clever, their children are quick to learn; and we may find some of the best evangelists of the future coming from this group. What a blessing to the members of this Robber Caste, hunted and hated of men, to discover that it is possible for them to earn an honest living, and to fill a respectable station in life.

While the traveller is meeting congregations, replying to addresses of welcome, receiving countless garlands, inspecting schools and hospitals, he is receiving impressions of certain activities, of which perhaps little mention is made, but which reveal much of the missionaries' life.

For example, there is the school for the blind carried on in Bombay by Miss Anna L. Millard. This work was scorned at first by the Indian people. Who cared to help the blind? What could be done for them, anyhow? Miss Millard secured quarters and gathered into them about forty blind children. These she has taught to read Braille, to sing, to repeat the Bible, to know and love Jesus Christ, and to become self supporting by working with cane. They can mend chairs. They had last October a contract from the government for repairing the cane seats in the passenger coaches and stations. But most wonderful of all is the change in the lives of these pathetic wards_ The presence of love is a new thing; that anyone cares for them is a reve. lation; and t.hat, notwithstanding sightless .eyes, they can earn their own living is a blessing for ~hich no one has ever prepared them to hope. Miss Millard is their mother, the only one on earth who cares for them, the. only one to whom they can. turn in their helplessness.

Since it has been demonstrated that something can be done for the blind, the Indian people have become liberal contributors. The work is carried on today Jargely by what they give. Another most touching and closely allied charity of the missionaries is the care of orphans. Perhaps the traveller makes acquaintance with this phase of philanthropy first at Sholapur in the orphan school of Miss ,Fulcher of the Z. B, M, (Zenana Bible and Medical Mission). Every child there has a thrilling story. One was rescued from a hedge of prickly pear into which she had been thrown to die, One was rescued from an express package at a railway station, from which she was never expected to emerge alive. By such devious ways, these thirty hapless and unwanted girls have found their way to a Christian home and a Christian woman's heart. They have found love in the world, somebody to care, and somebody to help them in their helplessness.

Here again is an argument for Christianity which no one can answer, which the Hindu does not care to dispute, and which is having its widespread though silent influence to convince India's millions that Christianity is different.

Dr. Parker's "Birds' Nest" in Madura is another example of what missionary woman doctors are doing to a greater or less degree. But Dr. Parker has cast an unusual amount of romance about her little orphan family by adopting these dozen boys and gir~s, gIVIng DR. PARKER AND HER ADOPTED INDIAN CHILDREN

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them a separate little home in the rear of the mission compound, a competent Indian woman to watch constantly over their welfare, and every advantage of education. Dr. Parker's oldest daughter is about ready now to join in the medical work of the Mission with excellent training as a medical assistant. One can easily imagine the passionate attachment and gratitude of these children in their mature years when they are able to understand what has been done for them.

The Christians of India are zealous for winning their own people to Christianity, and greatly pleased over the generous offer of a lay friend in America to pay the expenses of a great evangelistic cam- paign, by which fifty workers shall carry the Gospel to fifty new vil- lages. Great preparations are being made to send the best possible workers, and to reap the largest possible reward. Training classes are being held for these new evangelists; and in many cases, trusted and experienced workers are being set free frpm other tasks, that the evangelistic campaign may have the best chance, of success.

Signs are not wanting that a great harvest of converts to Chris- tianity will result. For example, we were traveling late one night to reach a city where we were to be entertained. We had been warned by the missionary to be on the watch at a certain station as there might be someone there to greet us. So we went to the platform and saw drawn up in line beneath the station light; the station master, his wife, his mother, and his seven children to greet the Christian travellers from America. This station master and his family had found Christ. Persecution aplenty had pursued his pathway, but he had persisted in the conviction that what he had been long seeking of truth and light was to be found in Christianity. And now it was evident in the eager- ness of his face, the warmth of his greeting, that he had not been disappointed, but that his soul was at rest through Christ in God. The pride of his heart as he presented his family and greeted us all as fellow Christians is a sign of promise.

And there is no mistake about the mass movements. They are a reality, especially in North India. The motive is not always the purest spiritual motive perhaps, but these people have been so wretched, -so hopeless that no one can say them nay when, in hope of somehow bettering their miserable condition, they turn their faces toward God and ask for Christian teaching.

India cannot do without religion. With her ancient religious faiths and ways she cannot do what she hopes to do and become the power which she hopes to become, under the confidently expected larger opportunity and freedom to be given by the British Government after the war. The logical outcome of it all for India as well as for China and for Japan, is to receive Christ as Saviour and teacher, and move on with the experience of the Kingdom of God in their hearts into the future's mysterious but wonderful, development.

A PANORAMA OF LA PAZ, THE CAPITAL OF

The situation is unique. La Paz is the highes~_ capital city in the world. It is also surrounded by mountains, one of which, the famous snow-capped Illimani, rivals Fujiyama

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BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America Mr. Inman has just returned from a six-months' tour in Latin America, <where he has been able to forward many plans proposed at the Panama <:'ongress.-EDITOR.

T HE trip from Cuzco, the old capital of the Inca empire, to Puno . on Lake Titicaca, is a long thirteen hours through the heart of the Indian country. These Quechua Indians are fascinating, and the terraces stretching from the river valleys far up the sides of the mountains and cultivated by the Indians, the glaciers and snow-capped peaks, help one to forget his shortness of breath up in these altitudes of from twelve to fifteen thousand feet. The famous Indian novel, "Aves sin Nidos," by Clorina Matto, who knew the life of the Indians in the most intimate way, shows how they are exploited by the officiaJs and the priests, and are absolutely without friends or hope. As Martina, one of the characters, exclaims, "We were born Indians, slaves' of the priest, slaves of the Governor, slaves of the chief, slaves of all who take up the club to drive us. Indians! Yes. Death is our beautiful hope of liberty." The plot is developed around the brilliant young lawyer, supposed son of the Governor, and the daughter of a poor Indian who devotes her life to a Spanish family that has befriended her. The girl is then taken into this home and educated. The young people fall in love and are about to be married-when it is revealed to them that they are both children of the same priest. "Who knows," says Madam Matto in the last pages of her book, "when will be recognized the necessity of studying closely the characters of the authorities, both ecclesiastic and civil, that are sent to govern the destinies of those who live in these far-away places in interior Peru?"

Terrible as are the conditions painted in this story, one cannot feel that it is exaggerated. These poor Indians live more like animals than like human beings, and seem to regard themselves as more akin to their burros than to the Spanish-speaking people around them. Exploited by the officials, the priests, the landlords and the traders, without schools or other agencies working for their enlightenment and uplift, they are daily falling lower in the scale of civilization.

The Government in Lima says that serious efforts are being made to provide schools and to help the Indian economically. But the very few schools established do not reach the poor Indian children. Some of the teachers actually do not know how to read and write, and have not the slightest idea of how to approach the difficult problem of putting the Quechua into contact with the life and language of his. Spanish-

speaking brother. A change in their form of s'alutation is significant. In the old Inca days the salutation was in Quechua "Thou shalt not steal, thou shalt not tell a lie," and the response was, "And thou, neither shalt thou be a robber or a liar." But now when one Indian meets another on the road, he sings out, "Ave Maria Purisima," and is answered by "SinPecado Concebida" (conceived without sin).

Arriving at Puno at se'ven in the evening, we stepped from the train on to the wharf where the big English steamer of 1500 tons was waiting to take us over to Guaqui on the Bolivian side of the lake. Something of the enterprise of the sea-going British is felt upon boarding this fine modern steamer up here two miles above the sea. She was built in Scotland, assembled and tried on the Forth, taken down and packed in parts, sent over the seas and mountains and set up again here in the heart of the Andes!

Lake Titicaca is the highest body of navigable water in the world. It was moonlight, and up in these altitudes, with the atmosphere so rare, the moon and stars seem a hundred times brighter and nearer than down by the sea. Here we are in the heart of the great Andean Plateau, over two miles above the sea and with mountains towering ten thousand feet above us still-silent sentinels, pointing us up to God. For here, certainly, He is one's only companion. The world, civilization, the rushing to and fro, the clang of traffic, the marching of armies, are all in another world-a world that seems infinitely remote. Here we are alone with the past. The only people we see are the Indians, Aymaras we now call them, with no change from the time when the Spania'rds found them. They trace their ancestry back to prehistoric folk whose age and origin are lost in antiquity.

Not among the least of the mysteries to me, is why any people should have chosen this cold, bleak, rarefied atmosphere for their breathing. The temperature the year round, though one is little over a dozen degrees from the equator, is a penetrating cold. Only the PQtato and a few other native crops can be raised. There are a few stunted trees, but no cheerful patches of green. The only fuel is the dung of the llamas and the roots of hardy mountain shrubs. Fires for warmth are unknown. Men shiver and turn one side and then the other to the sun, 'when there is sun. One ceases to wonder that the natives worshipped the sun as the greatest of all gods.

Darwin's theory, which makes the present Andes former islands in the Pacific, after which they gradually rose to their present height, would also make Lake Titicaca formerly a part of the sea. This would seem borne out by present conditions. The lake is gradually drying up. No doubt it was formerly very much larger than at present, filling all of the great depression between the eastern and western cordilleras. It is necessary to keep continually dredging the channels for the steamer's ap-

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proach at Puna and Guaqui. The area is about that of Porto Rico or Lake Erie-one hundred and twenty miles by forty. The only other bodies of fresh water that approach Titicaca in the altitude of theit basins are the lakes on the plateau of Tibet. These are not nearly so extensive. The only outlet for Titicaca is the Rio Desaguadero, which flows for a hundred and twenty miles across the desert to Lake Poopo, which no doubt was also once a part of the great inland sea of which Titicaca is the largest remnant.

From Guaqui, on the Bolivian side of the lake, ,we took the train for the four-hour journey to La Paz. A little beyond Guaqui we came to the most famous ruins of the ancient civilization in Bolivia at Tehuanaco. These are the last ruins one finds on the journey south, and they are in many ways the most wonderful. Here not only the walls of the buildings remain intact, but also a considerable amount of carving. Many believe that these ruins represent the oldest civilization in South America, and that the Incas, a less civilized, but more warlike people, succeeded in conquering its creators. Peruvian archaeologists, however, maintain that the oldest civilization is represented by the coast tribes, the life of which is revealed in the ruins near Trujillo. * Bolivia is a great land in which Texas might be placed twice and still leave room for New York and Tennessee. Its estimated population is about two million, of which fully half are of pure Indian blood. There are 23 1,000 whites. La Paz, the capital of the republic, has about 80,000 people. Three missionary boards are doing work in Bolivia, the Methodist Episcopal, Canadian Baptist and the Bolivian Indian Mission. The Methodist work is the largest and centers in La Paz and Cochabamba, in both of which cities there is an American Institute, organized under government patronage several years ago and conducted after the model of boys' boarding schools in the United States. All the features which make such school life pleasant and profitable have been introduced, including literary societies, the Boy Scout movement, school publications, athletic associations, etc. The schools have developed rapidly and are well and favorably known all over Bolivia. When the school in Cochabamba was opened, with the support and approval of the Bolivian Congress, accommodations were provided for one hundred and fifty pupils, but when the first session began, two hundred and fifty were enrolled. Several other Bolivian cities are urging that American schools be established there.

Up to three years ago the Government gave them a subvention of about $ 12,000 gold annually, which supported the schools in a splendid way, however. on account of the financial crisis, incident to the outbreak • The best works 011 this subject are Sir Clements Markham's "The Incas of Peru" and the various reports of t?e recent expedition of Prof. Bingham of Yale University. Sir Clements, a former presIdent. of the Royal Geographical Society, gave a lifetime to the study of these people. and theJr country and is the accepted authority concerning them.

of the European War, this support has recently been discontinued. This has seriously embarrassed these worthy institutions and they will have to close their doors, if the Methodist Board does not come to their rescue.

The Bolivian Indian Mission, an independent organization having its headquarters in New Zealand, does work exclusively among the In- dians, their center of operations being at San Pedro. They have five couples at the present time on the field. Mr. George Allen, head of the Mission, is at the present time in the United States soliciting funds. The missionaries live on a pitiably small financial margin and seldom return to the field after they once leave. At times they must get along on three to five dollars a week. Their work is greatly limited in this way. They cannot be assured of permanent workers nor look forward to a well-directed educational program, probably the Indian's greatest need. Evangelical work among them has been too largely in the nature of sporadic efforts under independent auspices.

While the independent workers have sacrificed in a wonderful way and have gone all through these lands sowing Scriptures and Christian tracts, there is a certain sadness in the lack of permanency of the work. If the Indians have any conception at all of the things these workers tried to give them, they must in most cases be more puzzled than be- fore as to the meaning of the Christian Gospel. In Jujuy, for example, tliere are five denominations working among the Indians. The workers come and go, not only here but throughout the whole of Bolivia. What is needed is a number of permanent centers, well-established, and with a definite policy that will continue through the years.

These poor ignorant Indians must ~ot only be given instruction in spiritual things, but, baffled as they are by their contact with civilization, they must be aided in the solution of their social and economic problems. They are essentially an agricultural people and their education should fit them better for their close relationship with the soil. In addition to their spiritual destitution, alcohol and the coco leaf are steadily destroying them physically. A prominent Bolivian in the diplomatic service of his country said of them: "The national progress . makes us more than ever desire to raise the miserable condition of our people, composed in the larger part of these unfortunate Indians, victims of unmentionable abuses and oppression. . . . It is no exaggeration to say that the present condition of the Bolivian Indian is a nation21 disgrace and a terrible indictment of the good name of the Republic."

At La Paz I met Bishop W. F. Oldham and Dr. W. E. Browning, the newly elected Educational Secretary of the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America. Dr. Browning was aiding Bishop Oldham in a thorough investigation of conditions in La Paz. The school there now has to occupy three different properties having an aggregate annual

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rental of such proportions as to seriously handicap the work. Bishop Oldham has invited the Canadian Baptist Mission to co-operate with his church in the future development of the school, which will be along more distinctly evangelical lines than was possible when the Government furnished the funds. It is hoped that the Baptist Board will co-operate. With a more positive religious influence, these schools can contribute to the development of a strong native ministry, which is such a crying need.

Here, as elsewhere, the great need is an educated ministry. At present, the Methodists have only four Bolivian preachers and the Baptists, one. None of these have had theological training. It has now been agreed that the Missions of Bolivia and Peru shall unite in the support of a training school for ministers and in the publication of a union paper. Under this agreement El Cristiano, the paper at pres~nt published in Lima by the South American Evangelical Union under the direction of Mr. Ritchie, becomes the organ of all the evangelical missions in the two countries.

The present government of Bolivia is a liberal one, favorably inclined toward the Protestant work, especially along educational lines, and has taken great strides toward the development of an adequate public school system. Bolivia did her best to get a Protestant missionary society to lead in the new program, but we were not ready. So she has recently invited a number of Belgian teachers to organize anJ direct her school system. They are doing the work well educationally, but their influence is materialistic and frankly against the Gospel. The agnosticism ofthese educational leaders makes it all the more important that mission schools be developed. The Jesuit colleges and seminaries are very finely equipped and the directors !ire more liberal than ordinarily found in Latin America. All this is making it increasingly difficult for the Mission Schools to compete.

. The Evangelical Churches seem hardly to have touched the life of La Paz. The combined congregations on Sunday evening did not reach one hundred. The Canadian Baptists, after long years of work, have only twelve members in their church. In all Bolivia there are only a few over a hundred members of the Evangelical Churches. Most of the missionaries are new. Few have had any special preparation before coming to their field, and their Spanish is not such as to draw educated people to the services. One is impressed with the lack of organization and definite plans, both in the evangelistic and educational work. The field is so undermanned that the men who are there find it impossible to do their work properly or to get time for any larger program.

One of the greatest needs for La Paz is a Christian hospital. The Government several years agel started to build a good hospital, but never completed it. If a Christian organization were willing to take it in hand, they would no doubt turn it over to them. In fact the liberal government is progressive and willing to co-operate with us.

New Evangelical Seminary of

BY REV. JOHN HOWLAND, D.D., MEXICO CITY President of the Seminary and a Missionary of the American Board, 1882 O N the ninth of July last there was opened in the Mexican capital an institution which is the fruition of much prayer and effort. It promises to be the beginning of many important developments. All the evangelical missions in Mexico have, from the first, made attempts to meet the need for properly trained workers and the theological schools established by them have produced some excellent pastors and preachers. * Generally, however, the denominational seminaries for ministerial training have been extremely limited departments of schools for general education.

The Conference of missionaries from Mexico and officers of the Mission Boards, held in Cincinnati in 1913, recommended the founding of a union seminary and a committee was appointed to advance the project. The Latin-American Missionary Conference in Panama last February gave a new impulse to the effort and in the National Convention in Mexico City in March a provisional arrangement was made to open the institution. Representatives of eight organizations pledged their societies to the support of the school, on the basis of a percentage of the total amount expended annually by each denomination for missionary work in Mexico. The co-operating societies are: the Congregationalists, Disciples, Friends, Methodists, North and South, Presbyterians, North and South, and the Young Men's Christian Association. So far as we can learn, not another evangelical institution in the world counts on the co-operation of as many different denominational bodies.

The final authority of the institution is vested in the Home Committee, composed of one representative of e~ch of the contributing societies. The local management is in the hands of an Administrative Council whose members must reside in or near the capital. Each Board appoints one member of the council and another for each thousand dollars contributed in excess of the first thousand. The institution is not to be responsible for any outlay for students, who are to be entirely dependent on mission support or on their own resources. There will thus be complete impartiality towards all the denominations. The teachings are to be those common to all the supporting communions; but special denominational doctrines and polity are to be presented by special lecturers.

• The Presbyterian school in Tlalpam and later in Coyoacan, the Methodist North in Puebla, the Methodist South in San Luis Potosi, the Baptist in Monterrey and Torre6n and the Congregationalists in Guadalajara have been in a considerable measure successful in their attempts to meet the situation.

God ·seems to have favored the new enterprise in many ·ways. A large house, owned by a wealthy English family, had been vacant for four years, and has now been leased. The house seems almost to have been built for the purpose. The "Mary Keener Institute," which the Methodist Church South sustained successfully for years as a boarding and day school for girls, had been closed for several years on account of the unsettled political conditions. The Women's Council very kindly offered the use of the furniture to the Seminary.

The location of the house is excellent-near the public library and museum and only a block from the Y. M. C. A., which furnishes special privileges for the students in the line of physical culture. The principal evangelical churches are quite near, so that .the students may study the methods and work under the direction of the metropolitan pastors.

The first five students to present themselves for enrolment were from five different denominations. Fourteen were enrolled during the first month-one from Sonora in the extreme northwest, another from Chihuahua at the north, and a third from Tamaulipas in the northeast. The revolution has caused so much confusion that the Missions are unable, as yet, to send any of their younger and incompletely prepared preachers to the Seminary for further study; but it is hoped that this may be done in the future.

The Mexican pastors and congregations show much interest in the new establishment and the dedication services on July eighth were largely attended. The Seminary is already the meeting place for the Pastors' Union and the Union Normal Class for Sunday-school teachers. Its professors are in constant demand for preaching, teaching, addresses and committee work of many kinds.

While the Seminary has been opened under especially favorable conditions, it has some vital needs which must be supplied by special gifts. The furniture it is using should be surrendered or purchased within a reasonably short time. It has no library, or even the most indispensable books of reference. The work of the professors is seriously hampered by the complete lack of secretarial equipment and assistance. It is important that scholarships be given for students from the different churches. It is hoped that hostels for students will be established as soon as the permanent location of the Seminary is determined.

While the Christian workers in this country, both Mexicans and foreigners, are enthusiastic about the Seminary as something of the greatest importance, they are more anxious that its success may be assured because they believe that it may prove to be the first step towards the attainment of a strong non-sectarian evangelical University. May the stewards of the Lord's money rise to this great opportunity!

Conditions in

BY CLAYTON SEDGWICK COOPER A RGENTINA, more than any other South American country, seems to have renounced the medievalism of the South American Republics and exchanged it for the most up-to-date modernity. The atmosphere of antiquity found in Peru, Bolivia and Chile has been dissipated here by reason of the inflow of twentieth century life from Europe and the United States. Argentina is a child of the present.

James Bryce has called her "The United States of the Southern Hemis- phere." The difference from the republics on the West Coast is especially noticeable in the field of religion. Religiously Argentina makes little or no impression upon the visitor. To be sure, there is a fashion of religious worship here, especially among the older families of the "estancia" class. Roman Catholicism is declared by the Constitution of the Republic to be supported by the State and the President and Vice-Presidt;nt are required to profess that faith. There are, however, no strictures placed upon any other form of religious worship, such as are found in Peru, for example; there is no political party allied with the clergy and the influence of the priests is not felt to any extent in the realm of politics.

The itppression made on a visitor in this exceedingly materialistic atmosphere is that the men of the country generally regard the Roman Catholic Church as one of the relics of an old Spanish world. It is a creation of the past, and to that extent, interesting, and to be retained as a traditional accompaniment of other institutions, but having little relation to present daily life and conduct. As one Argentino put it, "We are quite willing that the Church should exist so long as it does not interfere with business or politics." The theology of the Roman organiza-' tion is almost a dead letter in the minds of the educated classes, and the priests who rule the people of the West Coast of South America by making them more or less blindly submissive to the rites and ceremonies of another century, are failing quite completely to hold the new forwardlooking spirit of Argentina. The old fiery vigor and pious devotion of the early Conquistadores, who brought with their adventurous love of gold certain outward marks of piety at least, are conspicuous by their absence in this atmosphere of newness and utilitarian progress.

The deities worshipped primarily in the beautiful and ostentatious capitol of Buenos Aires are pleasure and money, especially horse-racing, theatre going, and business enterprises. There is, to be sure, a certain amount of civic idealism, for the Portenos, as the inhabitants of Buenos Aires are styled, are outdone by none in their pride of municipal improvements; but here idealism seems to end. As for religious or spiritual aspirations, they reveal very little tendency to build habitations for the spirit and religion. The first settlers who came to the shores of New England were impelled by a desire for freedom in the worship of God. while the early Spanish pioneers to South America were moved by a de- ONE OF THE SHRINES WHERE THE ELITE OF ARGENTINA WORSHIP . ., In front of the private stand where the wealthy men and women of Argentina view the races and make their bets sire for material gain. Argentina is at present in a transition stage and the dazzling of her new wealth has caused her for the moment to forget that, as Matthew Arnold has said: "By the soul only The nation shall be great and free."

The result of this indifference to religion is apparent on every hand, and there is an astonishing lack of any personal acquaintance with the Bible.

A prominent journal of Buenos Aires began recently to print quotations from the Bible in its columns without giving the source. Shortly afterward a letter was received from a gentleman in another city of the Republic, who evidently had some degree of education, asking the editor from what source these quotations were taken and inquired where he could secure a copy of the book containing such illuminating and helpful ideas. The paper continued these quotations from the Scriptures and the readers of the journal have become keenly interested in the discovery

THE COMING GENERATION IN ARGENTINA~SHALL THEY BE ATHEISTS OR CHRISTIANS?

A group of Argentina school ch i1dren from whom the future .leaders will come of a literature which heretofore has been almost entirely unknown to many of them. This is a reminder of the fact, which is vividly brought home to those who travel in the Republics on the West Coast, that the Spanish-American Republics received from Spain and Portugal a religion which was guided almost entirely by the clergy who read their Bibles in Latin and closed them almost impregnably to the laity.

Among the students of Argentina, we found a similar lamentable ignorance regarding the Christian Scriptures. A student about to sail for Europe showed to a friend of mine a copy of Victor Hugo, portions of which, he declared, he had formed the habit of reading each night before retiring, as a means of literary and spiritual stimulation. My friend, who had a Testament in his pocket, suggested that the student should make the experiment of reading parts of the Gospel in like manner. To his amazement he found that the student had never so much as opened the Bible, but was destined to get absolutely his first impression of this remarkable literature in reading this New Testament on his steamer voyage.

Lecky has said, "The record of three choice years of the active life of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften mankind than all the disquisitions of philosophers and all the exploitations of moralists," and it is pathetic that the youth of one of the most promising nations should be in almost blank ignorance of a book which has so deeply influenced human civilization and has so radically transformed individuals.

The students of the University of Buenos Aires, six thousand in

number, furnish a field for labor along religious lines which is second to none that we know. These students are scattered throughout a large, pleasure-loving and materialistic city, rarely under any supervision or moral control. 'Vhile they have turned their backs upon the Roman Catholic religion of the country because of its obscurantism, bigotry and low standards, they have as yet found no positive faith to take its place. They have putoff the old without taking on new religious beliefs and are ready disciples to infidelity, rationalism or agnosticism, and also to socialistic and anarchistic tendencies.

The professors are one with the students in their disregard of religion. One well-known and influential teacher of an Argentina University stated recently that he was devoting all the spare time of his Hfe to the att~mpt to destroy whllt he considered one of the gre3 test enemies to his tountry's pr(jgress-r~liglbfi~tneaning the Roman Catholic faith.

it seemed to be his endeavor to place iii its stead a brand of French rationalism. The instructors openly teach agnosticism and ratiol1alism in their classes. The tide of indifference, and even al1tagonism to construc- tive religious faith has riscn so high that men like the Vice-Rector of La Plata University warn their fellow-countrymen concerning the effect which this type of thinking is sure to have upon the character of the youth.

"It is with great sadness," said this Vice-Rector in one of his recent ONE OF'THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES OF ARGENTINA A well ·to-do f a rm e r and some of hi s Vaqueros . Ma ny o f the ~e la rge fa rmlng and ca ttle·rai5~ng communities are without religious infl uences

addresses at the opening of the college year, "that I witness the steady decrease in the number of unselfish, idealistic, genuine men; how engulf- ing the tide of selfishness, of rebellion, of undiscipline, and of insatiable ambition; impunity so commonly supplants justice that I fear for the spiritual future of the land of my children unless we make haste to remedy the great evil, which is dis,regard for the noble and the great, and unmeasured lust for material riches."

The influence of irreligion is so great that 'one of the teachers in the University told me that the immigrant coming to Argentina with his old world custom of worship, loses his religion almost entirely after he has been in the country for two or three years. We were surprised to find that here, contrary to the conditions found in every one of the Republics west of the Andes, the women representing the educated classes at least, have very little interest in religion and the majority of them never go to church. The Y. M. C. A., which enrolls a thousand members in Buenos Aires, 75% of whom are Argentinos, has not been able to get hold religiously of the educated men, and the secretaries say that this forms one of the most discouraging features of their work. Plans are now shaping with a view to give particular attention to the crying spiritual needs of these students, and an Argentine secretary of advanced education and training, both in Europe and the United States, has been engaged to devote his time exclusively to the far-reaching work of acquainting the University men in a personal way with the Protestant faith.

Among the foreign institutions which are doing good work in stemming the tide of materialistic indifference to religion, are the mission schools conducted by foreigners, the American Church, which has a strong hold upon a wide circle of English and American residents, and a number of private educational efforts, like the Instituto Ward, where commercial education is given to a goodly number of boys, many of whom are sons of wealthy land holders. In this latter institution we found among the teachers an ex-Catholic priest who had embraced Protestant Christianity and was most devoted to his work of teaching boys. He informed us that he believed there were many priests of the Roman Church in this country who would gladly leave that faith today if they could find any other means of earning a living. Their training had been almost entirely along ecclesiastical and _unpractical lines and when they sought employment outside the Church or monastery, they found themselves practically helpless. We find few better examples of the religious idealism of North America than that revealed in such practical institutions as this Instituto Ward, founded and supported for years bv the late Mr. Ward, of N ew York City, whose name is associated in the minds of most people only with the production of bread.

It would seem to be the time of times for those who are interested in the religious development of nations to consider Argentina-a Republic that is rapidly emerging from a period of medieval ecclesiastical

Rl<:UG10US CONl:>l'rloNS IN ARGEN'rlNA

authority, but which as yet'has not discovered the idealism of a Christian democracy. The conditions and opportunity are graphically stated in the report of one of the Christian missionaries concerning Argentina: "The loss of persecuting power and prescige by the established Church, tht: extension of education, commercial relations, contact with foreigners and acquaintance with us and our work, have replaced suspicion with confidence. There is some awakening to the fact that the needs of the people religiously have not been met. This field is absolutely open for evangelical work in all parts, provided it is carried on with sufficient means and in a sufficiently dignified way to demand respect, but the work must be of an increasingly higher grade, more thoroughly educational and scientific, and with churches and schools of adequate importance and equipment to comman-l respect in lands where public buildings are always noteworthy. On the other hand the growth of indifference and irreligion has been so rapid that there is a large class of the more highly educated people entirely inaccessible to the Gospel message under present conditions."

Those who would help this "amazing Argentina" of today, must approach her with the real- ization that they will find in this Republic an exhibition of external materialism- which combines the worship of pleasure found in Paris A LIGHT HOUSE IN ARGENTINA with the devotion to money-getting The American Bible House-Buenos Ayres seen in the most utilitarian sections of the United States. They will find here a people alert, intellectual and ready for every new thing in science, in education and in the fine arts of life. It is a people weary of a ceremonial religion which has not satisfied the cravings of either the intellect or the soul. In few countries is there a more insistent need for the vital Christian religion that reveals itself in character. The reaction time from all this "lust of the flesh, the lust of the world and the pride of life" is already be- ginning to be evident in Argentina. They who can help her in the dis- covery of a new and satisfying religious idealism will be her lasting friends.

of Japan and

BY DR. FRED B. FISHER Dr. Fisher, on his way to India, in the interests of the "Methodist Mass Movement," saw things with the eye of an expert. He here re- ports some interesting impressions of Japan and Chosen.-EDIToR.

lAPAN shows material advancement standard of livirtg. They need to be on every hand; courtesy abounds; saved not only from future hell but from unique and artistic dress; smiling faces; the hell in which they now live, and not children everywhere and always; flowers only to some future heaven but to a of all colors, both natural and artificial; heaven here on earth. For this very maidens in kimonos as though they had reason one wishes the Japanese would stepped off a fan or tea box; scenery show educational, moral and spiritual both in mountain and plain; water devotion as well as national efficiency. plentiful; gardens clean and luxuriant; Many of the Koreans are naturally energy and vivacity evident in every bitter over the loss of national indeaction and gesture of the people. Am- pendence, but foreign control of some bition and pride mark the men, while kind was inevitable. They were inshy obedience and smiling coquettishness capable of self rule because of lack of show forth in the women. Their char- unity. Now Korea must go to school acteristics fascinated us. We fell in among the nations. She must take love with the Japanese at first sight. advantage of all that Japanese rule can give her. Civilization is knocking once Passing on to Korea, now renamed again at her door, this time forcibly, Chosen by the Japanese rulers, there was and she must arise and let the worldly opportunity to see Japan at work as a stranger in. There are many things her Coloniser. Here too, material advance guest will teach her. Whether the type is the main impression. Spiritual and of teaching will mean independence in moral purpose and goal are absent. The the distant future remains to be seen. Governor General, the ]'vlinister of the Regardless of to-morrow, she must take Home Department, the Minister of Education and other officials are high advantage of to-day. minded and courteous men, justly proud Efficiency and unity are the watchof achievements during the six years since annexation. After meeting other words of Japan: She sees the need of provincial authorities, Korean students Oriental uplift and feels that her position and merchants, missionaries and native gives her the pre-eminent right to attempt pastors, Japanese travelers, European to lead all the East along her path. She and American residents-and having looks upon herself as the link between questioned them all-the conclusion is the Occident and the Orient. Her misthat Japanese occupation has given the sion must be to take the best ot -each and I(oreans the best government they ·have give to the other. It is a high ambition ever had. It is likewise giving them the and worthy of a nation's devotion. If best economic and educational oppor- she were less selfish in her approach she tunities they have known. could convince the world of her sin- cerity. Just now Japan is putting much One cannot get away from the feeling faith in the Ishii mission to the United that economic betterment is the crying States. If good feIIowship and real coneed of the Oriental peoples. What operation is established between the squalor in the villages I I t is hopeless United States and Japan, I believe the to bring them to a better life unless the future tranquillity and progress of the Christianity we carry them lifts the Pacific East will be assured.

~J"M-"'''-'B''E'~S'~T''''M"'''E''T''H-''O''D'''S''''''T'n'~

Edited by MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

IDEAS FOR MISSIONARY THANK-OFFERINGS Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, 2828 Perrysville Ave., N. S., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Thank-Offering Secretary of Women's Board of the United Presbyterian Church.

G OD'S people are always safe in welcome at any hour, and that the Host undertaking anything upon which -the Lord Himself, ever stands ready is written-HThus saith the Lord." to receive His guests in His own house.

In the beginning, when God estab- But are we to come near to our Lord lished the first family on earth, He empty-handed? Again read the invita- taught both parents and children to •tion : HCome near and bring Thank- worship Him with offerings. From that Offerings."-Offerings of praise for time until the present, God has set His God's goodness: day by day: offerings seal of approval upon gift-worship. of love and gratitude for the gift of His 'Vhile 'all our gifts to God should Son and for all the Father has done for partake of the spirit of gratitude, the the world through Him: offerings of Thank-Offering is the gift over and gold and silver that through them above the usual measure of, liberality others may learn how to draw near to and given in recognition of mercies and Him.

blessings received. This invitation is just as urgent to What Invitation Does God Give His God's people to-day as it was two thou- People Concerning Thank-Offerings? sand years ago. It comes to you, as all individual. Your name, and your ad- Listen to God's answer: Come near, dress are carefully written down in and bring Thank-Offerings into the God's record book. house of the Lord. ' What are you personally going to do 2 Chronicles 29:31 with this invitation? It is a solemn "Come near"-don't stand afar off. question. If you accept, will you plan, Do not remain away from Me. "Draw as the wise men of old, to bring your nigh unto Me, and I will draw nigh richest and best gifts to your Lord? unto you." Can it be that there is one Christian HCome near"-that you may be con- who will refuse? Is there one who wiII scious of lVIy presence; that you may make an excuse for not accepting? hear My voice speaking to you moment 'Will any say-HI am not interested in by moment. the giving of Thank-Offerings?" or-HI "Corne near"-that I may fill you am too busy to accept the invitation" or with My Spirit, and thus make you fit -HI have not means to give large for My use. gifts, therefore, I will give none?"

"Come near"-that I may know that you love to come. . Stop and Consider!

The invitation gives no date. This shows that the way is always open to If a similar invitation should come "come near" to God. No hours of from some earthly king, how eagerly limitation are given, such as are usually you would expend time and thought in included in invitations from earthly preparation to ,accept. With what care friends. !fence! we an aS$ured of a you would select your ~ift, and how

willingly you woul9 even risk paying ONE who will keep in close touch with for it beyond your financial ability in all her Women's, Young Women's and order to give a gift equal to that of your Junior Societies through letters and adneighbor! This invitation comes from dresses. the King of kings, and ·through HIs special messenger. What will you do? ONE who will persevere until she has the name and address of the chairman of Will you accept the invitation and the Thank-Offering Committee in every concarry your richest and best gift to "the gregation. house of the Lord" with a heart over- Howing with gratitude for the high priv- ONE who helps to establish a Thankilege He has bestowed upon you? 'Will Offering Circle in every congregation that you accept, and give your offering with has failed to organize a Mi~sionary Society. a prayer that God will bless it in leading others to give? Will you'! ONE who carefully and prayerfully studies the Missionary Magazine from month HOW TO ORGANIZE THANK- to month with the purpose of keeping her work up to date. OFFERING WORK. ONE who patiently answers all letters I.-Have the Woman's Board ap- of inquiry promptly, and encourages compoint (or elect) one of its consecrated, munications from her constituency. liberal-hearted members as General Thank-Offering Secretary to have spe- ONE who keeps the work and needs of cial charge of the work; to superintend the Thank·Offering Department prominent the publication of literature on the sub- before her Presbyterial, and claims a place ject of "Giving," and to keep the work on every program. before societies through letters, addresses and the pages of the denomina- ONE who plans and pushes her work so tional miSSIOnary magazine. as to have each year an increase in offer- ings over the previous year. 2.-Have each district society (Presbyterial or otherwise) elect a Thank- ONE who cheerfully commends every so- Offering Secretary to keep the work in ciety that has, during the year, made some every way- possible before its auxiliaries, increase in gifts, and who gently reminds and to report to the Board. the delinquent ones of the need of putting forth special effort for more liberality dur- 3.-Have in each congregation a ing the coming year. Thank-Offering Committee, composed preferably of the president and one ac- ONE who strives to make her work tive generous member from each mis- more efficient each year, and is willing to sionary society – Women's, Young remain in office as long as God calls her Women's and ]uniors,-to have full to that special work for Him. charge of the local work, to prepare for the "Annual Ingathering" and to report An Ideal Committee regularly to the Presbyterial Secretary. A permanent committee composed of the IDEAL WORKERS President and one active member and lib- eral giver from each missionary society in An Ideal Secretary a congregation.

ONE who "does with her might whatso- ONE that has the subject of giving kept ever her hand findeth to do." before every society from month to month, through the distribution of helpful literature ONE who loves her work and who by and through messages upon charts or black- boards. precept and example keeps the subject of giving to God gifts of gratitude before ONE that early each year sees to having societies. at least one Senior Thank-Offering box in every home and Junior boxes placed in all ONE who makes her Thank-Offering homes where there are children under fifwork an object of daily prayer. teen years of age.

ONE that begins early to plan for the Annual "Ingathering" and aims to have

9 1 71 BEST METHODS

each succeeding service more interesting and her offering annually, when very many of more inspiring than the previous one. the blessings which call for recognition in form of gifts have been forgotten, but who ONE that keeps the last offering prominent follows the Scripture rule to give regubefore the societies and Pl'ts forth persistent larly, systematically and proportionately into effort to have each Women's and Young the Lord's Treasury. Women's Society on the Honor Roll by doubling its offering and each Junior or- ONE who at the beginning of her Thanlrganization win a similar place by giving an Offering year-which is the .ci~y she will average of one dollar per member as Thank- have given her previous year's offering into Offering. the treasury-resolves to place in her Thank- Offering bolt a certain sum each day or each ONE that has its Secretary give due week, however small it must needs be, and notices of "Ingatherings" from the pulpit, as special blessings come into her life, she and sends Qut invitations to attend (printed adds a special offering. or otherwise)-to all the women whose names are upon the church roll and ad- ONE who studies to know the work which herents, whether members of societies or Dot. the Thank-Offerings help to support in order to be an intelligent giver. ONE composed of women so deeply consecrated to this special work, that they will ONE who gives and gives and continues keep in mind that the Thank-Offering work to give until she learns to love to give, so is the Lord's, and who know no fear in that all her gifts become real love offerings personally soliciting liberal gifts from all in the sight of her Lord. who are fi,nancially able to give. MY THANK-OFFERING CREED- ONE that will render cheerful aid to the Magazine agent in efforts to introduce the believe that God is my Heavenly Missionary Magazine into every home. Father an<J that I am His child.

ONE that begins, continues and ends all I believe that to me-"His mercies are efforts in prayer. new every morning," and that-nHe An Ideal Giver _daily loadeth me with benefits." be1ieve that in return I shou1d daily ONE who ever strives to stir up her own heart to gratitude by keeping watch for the load Him with thanksgiving and blessings and mercies which God daily be- prove my gratitude with Thank-Ofstows upon her. ferings. I believe that God has called me to be ONE who sees good in everything that a co-worker with Him in bringing comes into her daily life, and who proves the world to a knowledge of Christ her gratitude through frequent offerings that the Saviour. others less blessed may come to know and I believe that He wants to use my time, love the "Giver of every good and perfect my talents, my prayers, and my gift." means to this end. believe that the Holy Spirit will en- ONE who strives by precept and practice able me to consecrate my all to Him, to create and deepen the true spirit of grati- in gratitude for what my Lord has tude in the hearts of others. done for me.

ONE who makes faithful use of her Amen and Amen. Thank-Offering box, and thus helps to make it a real "blessing box" ih her home. .. Suggestion: The above "Creed" printed in attractive form on tinted panels with eye- ONE who accompanies every gift placea lets at top for ribbon and hung up in homes in her box with a prayer. should incite to more liberal giving by God's people. ONE who will practice self-denial to contribute a special gift for God's special mercies and blessings to her and hers.

ONE who is never satisfied with giving

AN OPEN LETTER 6. How can societies keep the thank- offering subject before their members? To Officers of Missionary Societies. 7. How can the thank-offerings of Very much depends upon what you congregations be increased from year to do-now-at once-whether or not the year? gifts from your societies will receive the Lord's "Well done" this year. 8. What can Presbyterials do to en- large their thank-offerings? Your responsibility for keeping the subject of gifts of gratitude before your 9. What can societies do to help the congregation is great. God has placed women of the church to be more inin your hands the power to help make telligent givers to missions? the Thank-Offering a success or a failure 10. Why is it not enough for Chris- tians to give their tithes to the Lord? Leave not one good plan untried! Why should they give thank-offerings? Leave not one prayer unuttered. Leave not one woman unsolicited. WHOSE IS IT-MINE OR GOD'S? Leave not one available gift ungiven. What say the Scriptures? "The sil- Many good Christian women fail to ver is mine and the gold is mine, saith the give because not asked. Do yours? Lord." Haggai 2 :8.

Plan now! Pray now! Ask now! Beware that thou forget not the Lord The Church needs your efforts! thy God, lest when thou hast built The work needs your prayers! goodly houses and dwelt therein, and thy The Lord needs your gifts! silver and thy gold is multiplied, then thine heart be lifted up, and thou say in He needs you! thine heart:-"My power and the might You need ,Him! of my hand hath gotten me this wealth. But thou shalt remember the Lord thy His Promise: God: for He it is that giveth thee power to get wealth. Deuteronomy 8: 11-18. "Work for I am with you, saith the Lord." -Haggai 2 :4. God giveth thee power-life, health, wisdom and talents, to gain wealth. TEN QUESTIONS Why? To be used for self? Nay! but for the uplift of mankinn to His honor The following questions may be used and glory. When God's people reach in 'a Conference. They should be that high plane of giving, where they called by number and answered by the recognize God's ownership, and that they leader or by some one or more previously are only His stewards, then, and only appointed: then, will the problems of right giving be solved. 1. What is the object in urging the giving of daily or weekly offerings rather What is needed today to bring this than annual offerings? great principle of stewardship into ac- tual operation? Children easily learn 2. Why cannot the thank-offerings the Scriptural truth that-tIThe tithe he used to make up the "mission budget" is the Lord's"-that one cent of every of a congregation? ten and ten cents of every dollar be- longs to God; that He claims them as 3. Should money given as a thank- His as surely as He claims the Sabbathoffering be used in paying a church debt one seventh of our time as His own. or for congregational purposes? It is often difficult to convince older 4. Does the giving of large thank- people that they are "robbing God" offerings lessen the amounts given as (Malachi 3:10), when they withhold contributions through societies, and the from Him one-tenth of their income, but congregational gifts to the Church when they are thoroughly converted to Boards? thr; truth of this Scripture teaching and 5. How can societies procure money to meet the expense of carrying on the thank-offering work in their congrega- tio~~ ?

• BEST METHODS

faithfully and prayerfully set apart the Then the windows of the heavens would one-tenth as the Lord's, they are not open wide at His command, satisfied till they also give free-will of- And He'd pour us out a blessing that would ferings from the nine-tenths. Then the overflow the land."

question of every consecrated life is- What more can I do to prove my love "If we only had the money it would give for my Lord? And then is placed upon redemption's song God's altar the beautiful thank-offer- To weary hearts now crying out 'How long, ing-the true love offering-which IS Oh Lord, how long?'

the cap-sheaf of giving. And the 'thirsty land' would blossom, and the 'waiting isles' would sing, WHAT IS LACKING? H we only had the money that belongeth What is one great reason why, during to our King."

nineteen hundred years, the parting com- "It would gild those saddened faces with the mand of Christ: "Go, preach the gospel to beams of Bethlehem. every creature," has not been obeyed? And the 'solitary places' would rejoice and -Lack of money. sing' for them.

Why have not all the world's fields, o ye stewards! Get ye ready! Soon will opened by God to His people, been entered? come the reckoning, -Lack of money. When you'll answer for the money that be- Why has mission work already begun been longeth to our King."

sadly crippled at times? IF YOU WERE A HEATHEN -Lack of money. WOMANI Why are student volunteers not hastening Reader! If you were one of the milto enter the wide open doors of nations with the gospel? lions of heathen women: -Lack of money. Unwelcome at birth; Untaught in childhood; Why are so many home and foreign mis- Unloved in wifehood; sionaries over-worked and falling by the Uncherished in widowhood; way? Unprotected in old age; Unlamented when dead- -Lack 0/ helpers.

Why is there this lack of helpers? What would you ask of the Christian -Lack of money. women of America? "Think on these things." Philippians 4 :8. Why is there lack of money in the Lord'. treasury? You only need to hold up to view your own present condition in contrast -Lack of effort. with the sad picture of a legion of your Why is there lack of effort by God's sisters in heathen lands, to see that God people? is literally pouring out His richest bless- ings both temporal and spiritual upon -Lack of faith. you. Are you correspondingly grateful'! Why is there such lack of faith? Do you prove your gratitude with thank- -Lack of love.

Why is there lack of love? offerings, that others may learn to know -Lack of prayer. your Saviour and love Him? If not-why not'!

OUR KING'S MONEY IN CHRIST'S LIKENESS "If we only had the money that belongeth to In this age, many generous givers- our King, yea 1 even some whose names are en- rolled as followers of Christ Jesus, are If the reapers of God's harvests would their content with feeding the hungry, cloth- tithes and offerings bring,

ing the naked, caring for the sick, and know no Saviour as we go down to death; providing comforts for the soldiers of we have never heard His word." our own and other lands. All these gifts are pleasing to Christ if given in Mountaineers the true spirit, but to be Christ-like one must go much farther in his giving. From the Southern Highlands of America, away back in the remote recesses of the Christ's chief aim in doing good was mountains, I'oices are calling! the saving of souls. Many Christians today are pouring large sums into the "Oh ye Christians! Come and save us treasury for the "sake of their country," from our ignorance of what is right, and while they contributed but mites into the from our degradation. Mormon eIders-un- Lord's treasury to carry the glad news der the cloak of religion-are winning many of a Saviour to the lost world. of our fairest and best daughters by their sly persuasive words to live lives of shame. Why not begin now to observe the Save—oh save ns, now, we plead " Scripture rule. Upon the first day of the week, let everyone lay by him in Freedmen. store as God hath prospered him. 1 Corinthians 16 :2. From the millions of blacks in the South- land I'oices are calling! Regular giving-"Upon the first day of the week." "True we are living under the Hag of the free, but many of us are bound with chains Systematic giving-"Lay by him in far worse thail slavery. Christians, will you store." not, oh will you not help to break these heavy chains that bind us down to lives of Proportionate giving-"As God hath ignorance and poverty and crime?" prospered."

Try this rule faithfully and prayer- Immigrants fully, and add your daily or weekly Thank-Offering. Then keep watch for From the sad and homeless strangers in the rich blessings God waits to give- America I'oices are calling! to the church-to the world and to the giver. "We have come from lands of darkness and sin where' we were oppressed and down- A PAGEANT trodden! We have heard of a wonderful Hearken to the Voices! story of a good and gracious Lord whose Book you have! Does He love us who are The voice of the sweet Psalmist of sunken in vice, and will He lift us up and make us an honor to Him and to our New Israel sings: America?, If so, oh will you not hasten and What shall I render to the Lord tell us? We are so weary waiting for the For all His benefits to me? good news."

How shall my soul by grace restored, India Give worthy thanks, 0 Lord, to Thee? From the hosts beyond the seas sad I'oices are calling! V~l, II "In our dark zenanas in India, the air is With thankful heart I offer now My gift, and call upon God's name, full of sighs, and our hearts are weary with longing for a better life! We cry aloud to Before His saints, I pay my vows, And here my gratitude proclaim. our gods of wood and stone, day and night, OTHER VOICES ARE CALLINGI but they do not answer. If you Christians know of a Saviour, will you not heed our Indians pitious cries and tell Him to come and free us from this prison life?" From the wigwams of the ignoant Indian wilds Foices /Ire Calling I "Haste to send Egypt us the glad tidings that you say }!ViII bring From the land of the River Nile l'oices are to us peace and comfort and happiness I We callingl

SEAS

"We are dying, dying so fast in deep Who speak for the millions far and near, and dark despair, with no God-no Christ- Who live in darkness deep and drear? no hope. Our hearts are full of wrong and 'Come over and help U8'-to us they crycruelty and sin. Ye, who know how to be Shall we not heed-but let them die? free from such bondage, hasten to help us Oh hear and heed, this very day, ere it be too late. We have waited so long I" And work, and seek, and give and pray, Until throughout the world we hear- The Sudan Our precious Saviour now is near I" From the far off Sudan millions of pagans in the heart of Africa I'oices are calling! REMARKS:. The above can be used as "Our land is full of ignorance and hatred a missionary pageant in a thank·offering and strife. Our sins are so hideous that we service-with "voices calling" from other wonder-Can your Jesus blot them out? Can nations added, if desired. The groups He make our black hearts pure and clean? of women and children should be appro- Tell us, oli tell us 1 Come hasten to help priately costumed, and each group be us! Oh don't longer pass us by I" represented' by one speaker.

An Appeal by Christianity The "appeal" at the close should be "Oh Christians! Do you hear the cry, made by "Christianity," draped in white, That comes from these who seem so nigh- standing by a large, white cross.

Two Seas The Sea of Galilee The Dead Sea I looked upon a sea I looked upon a sea 'Twas bright and blue And 10 'twas dead Around its shores were life Although by Herman's snows And verdant hue. And Jordan Fed.

'Twas fed by many rills How came a fate so dire? With fountains source The tale's soon told; On Herman's snowy peak All that it got it kept Whence Jordan's course. And fast did hold.

But Galilee's blue sea All tributary streams Lives not alone Found there their grave Because it gets these streams Because this sea received As all its own. But never gave.

It lives because it gives o Lord, help me my best, Its waters blue Myself, to give To other shores, and then That I may others bless It fills anew. And like Thee live.

Woman's Home Mission

Edited by MISS E. B. VERMILYE AND MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN HOME MISSIONS AT and hospitals under the Woman's CHAUTAUQUA Home Mission Society of the Presby- terian denomination, from Alaska to By MRS. GEORGE H. SWIFT. Porto Rico, referred to the Indians of the West. He and Miss Crawford T HE Home Missions Institute, agreed that in all contact with the red August 11-17, at Chautauqua, men, wherever they are, the Christian N ew York, was a busy week in charge religion must be emphasized, as it alone of the Council of Women for Home can make the Indian a worthwhile lVIissions. Citizen. Mr. Allaben stated that the Government and the Church are each The setting of Chautauqua is won- inclined to rob the Indian of his self- drously beautiful. The little lake nes- dependence. The medical problem tling among the wooded hills, 1,400 feet among them is a great one. Tubercuabove sea level, is very attractive. As losis is a scourge, and in some of the I sat for a few moments on its shore .towns from twenty-five to fifty per one morning and looked across the cent. of the Indians suffer with this sparkling wavelets to the undulating malady. Mr. Allaben urges an antiskyline, accentuated by "the shadows tuberculosis campaign among the Inin the valleys and the sunlight on the dians such as is waged in large cities. .hills," the comforting words of the Psalmist came to me, as they usually Another people interesting to study come to anyone who is hill-surrounded: and worthy of consideration are the "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills mountain whites.. Dr. A. E. Bishop, of from whence cometh my help." I the Methodist board, president of wondered if the Indians ever thought Murphy College, Sevierville, Tennesto look up unto these same hilfs for see, stated at a missionary rally that help from their Great White Spirit. there are nearly 4,000,000 whites in this mountain region, 600 miles long My reference to Indians causes me and 200 miles wide. These people, to wish that you might have heard Miss Scotch-Irish by descent, have been in Isabel Crawford, the Baptist mission- the mountains for the last 120 years. ary, tell ·of her work among the Indians They have preserved the old English on four reservations in N ew York State. customs, language and ballads that the No, indeed,. the Indians are not all Old Country has lost. Among the "somewhere out West." We have eight ballads collected by Mr. Cecil Sharp, reservations in N ew York: State with during eighteen years, forty that were 5,000 to 6,000 Indians. Miss Craw- lost to England were found preserved ford hopes to do work some day on all in our Southern mountains. The eight reservations. Among the Kiowa mountain district is not troubled by the Indians Miss Crawford bore the name foreign problem, and it has practically they gave her, which means "Little- no Catholics, because the mountaineers Woman-Nat-Afraid." She is living up <>riginally came to this country to escape to her Kiowa name still. On her four Catholic persecution. The problem is reservations the Baptists, Presbyterians illiteracy and narrowness. They are and Methodists have churches, but intensely but not intelligently religious. there are remaining about 2,000 In· The sentiment for prohibition is not dians who are pagan or non-Christian. stronger anywhere. No more patriotic Mr. Marshall C. Allaben, board secretary and sup~rintendent of all schools people can be found. . In the Civil War mons have been able to do much harm 185,000 of thes~ whites broke away throughout our country because of and found their way into the Union ignorance of the corporate name of Anny after walking through Virginia Mormonism. It is difficult to persuade by night and along unbeaten paths to some people that the Church of Jesus avoid detection during a period of two Christ of the Latter Day Saints and weeks. Some of the leading preachers Mormonism are the same. In the and novelists in our country to-day schools and colleges of the East may be were m01,lntain white boys who were found the brightest and most promising helped to their first education by mis- -youths of Mormonism who have been sion schools. When Dr. Bishop asked sent to disarm prejudice and suspicion James 1. Vance where more men like and to get members. Three enlightenhim could be found, he replied,. "Go to ing books on the subject are Mormon- the east mountains of Tennessee. The ism, the Islam of America, by Bruce woods are full of them." . Kinney; Lions of the Lord, by Harry Another subject presented one after- Leon Wilson, and Riders of the Purple noon was "The Cities." To illustrate Sage, by Zane Gray.

the work there, Miss Lula Morse, a It is quite bewildering to attempt to Methodist deaconess working among give one a glimpse into the busy days the Italians in Buffalo, gave a unique and the many hours of lectures and message by object lesson, showing the rallies. But I do want to indicate the manner of working ~ng the Italian wonderful lectures by that capable lec- children, demonstrating the methods of turer; Mrs. D. B. Wells, Presbyterian a kitchen garden, wherein are not of Chicago. Her presentation of the raised vegetables, as some are misled text-book, Missionary Milestones, writ- by the name to believe, but where ideals ten by Mrs. Margaret Seebach, was for homemaking are revealed and princi- masterful, and the outlines which she ples are taught. had prepared and had printed for dis- tribution emphasizing points to be con- MEXICANS AND CUBANS sidered in each chapter will be helpful In treating of the subject, "The to program makers.

Southwest," Mrs. Ward Platt, bureau MISSION STUDY HELPS secretary of the Southwest, under the Methodist Episcopal Board, pointed THE following publications issued out the influence that Christian mission- by the Council of Women for aries can exert in reaching the IHexican Home Missions, 600 Lexington Ave., women from the home-maker's point of New York, N. Y., are recommended in view. Mrs. H. L. HilI, district secre- . connection with the Mission Study text- tary of the Methodist Episcopal Board, books of the year: having recently visited Cuba in the in- Teachers Supplement ($.05), Mar- terests of missions, emphasized the need garet Seebach, author of Missionary of kindergartens whereby the chIldren Mitestones.

of Cuba can be guided early in life in Teachers Manual ($.10), Miss their social, religious and educational Applegarth.

development. She urged high-class Cut-Outs .for Juniors ($.10). All boarding schools for the girls who will children love cut-outs and these have be the home-makers of the future. been prepared by Miss Applegarth to be An address on Mormonism by Mrs. used in connection with Bearers of the George W. Coleman was given on re- Torch.

quest a half dozen times during the Pageant ($.15), Miss Cornelia F.

week. Mrs. Coleman, who is an au- Bedell. A dramatic development of thority on Mormonism through much ideas suggested by the text-books M is- .study on the subject that, said the Mor- sionary M#estQnes :mcl Bearers of the

Torch. This pageant may be conducted PROGRAM along simple or elaborate lines, or may be presented as a series of tableaux if Three One Hour Programs preferred to the more elaborate form. I. Jesus Shall Reign Missionary Milestones ($.25), published by THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF "Never has there been a time when Christ THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New needed the absolute devotion of His Church York:, N. Y. This is a graphic pres- more than He does today." entation of the great epochs of the Christian era-milestones to represent HYMN-Jesus Shall Reign Where'er the Sun. events. A great help to study classes. PRAYER-WOrship and Adoration. HYMN-My Country 'Tis of Thee. Day of Prayer for Home Missions. AIM-To be read by the leader with com- For Home Mission Week:, which is to be celebrated the third week: in Novem- ments. ber, the theme is "America for Huma~­ SCRIPTURE-Responsive Reading. ity-a Challenge for Service." The Council of Women for Home Missions The Lord shall reign forever, even at its annual meeting last January, 1917, thy God, 0 Zion, unto all generations. voted to articulate its Annual Day of Prayer with the observance of Home The Lord reigneth, the Lord is clothed Mission Week, and November 22nd has with majesty. He is clothed with been selected as the date. The following strength. program has been prepared for use either by denominational groups or inter- For God is King of all the earth; denominational organizations. The pro- sing ye praises with nnderstanding. gram emphasizes both our National consciousness and our personal relation The Lord is King forever and ever. to God, and its use at this time is IN CONCERT-And the greatness of the Kingparticularly appropriate. dom under the whole heaven shall be WOMAN'S DAY PROGRAM given to the people of the saints of the Most High, whose Kingdom is an ever- NOVEMBER 22, 1917 lasting Kingdom, alld all dominions shall serve and obey Him. – • • America for Humanity, a Challenge Alleluia for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. AIM HYMN-Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Al- mighty. To REACH-A keener sense of the Nation's PRAYER-Humiliation and Confeuion: crisis. (a) Individual sins. A truer loyalty to the National (b) National sins. welfare. READING-To be read by different persons in their order: A stronger conviction of person- al obligation to save Amer- "What America will be fifty years ica to save the world. hence, what the whole world will be hundreds of years hence, depends in A real consciousness of God. large measure on what American Chris- A deeper loyalty to the King of tianity does today."

Kings. 2 An unquestioned faith in the America has become: Lordship of Christ. A renewed enlistment of self for 1. The Granary of the Nations. 2. The Wardrobe of the Earth. the battle for righteousness, 3. The H cad-banker of the justice and peace. A consecration that makes loy- World. alty to the Kingdom of God, Shall it become the Workshop of the the chief thing in life. King of Kings for the salvation of the World?

3 Tr'ue patriotism consists not alone in War but in preserving the resources of national life by holding high moral standards, safeguarding industrial con- ditions, and a normal homelife.

I9 17] WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 86r

4 III. Calls to Heroic Service The hour of opportunity is upon Never has the Church in America had America. gr~ater resources in men and money. "Be swIft your souls to answer Him, be jubilant Th'e hour of opportunity is upon the your feet, for God is marching on." Church in America. HYMN-Hark the Voice of Jesus Calling. It is an hour of peril-the peril of lost opportunity. SCRIPTURE-To be read by four different persons. PRAYER-Earnest, importunate prayer that (1) Jeremiah, 1:7-10. the Church may recognize this peril and (2) Joshua, 1:2-9. fail not in Christian patriotism. (3) Isaiah, 6:5-8. (4) Mark, 16 :15. DISCUSSION-Has the war decreased the de- mand for Home Mission work? SOLO-I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go. Have the Home Mission problems changed because of the war? PRAYER-For the little children of war lands who cry throughout the nights for par- HYMN-O Zion Haste, Thy Missior. High ents forever gone, whose ears are al- Fulfilling. ready deafened by the thud of shells and the roar and crash of guns. II. God's Promises o God, have mercy on the innocent UNever has there been a time when the world desired more earn,~stly or has had suffering children of war land.! reason more conJidently to expect the Church to be true to Christ than today." SONG-Where Cross the Crowded Ways of Life. HYMN-Christ For the World. PRAYER-For the men and boys who are of- IN CONCERT-The Lord shall reign forever, fering their lives for high cali"eS and even thy God, 0 Zion, unto all gen- solemn duties. erations. PRAYER-For the wounded in battle-the PRAYER-By three persons for a clearer physicians and nurses who minister to vision of: them. 1. The crisis now confronting the Church. PRAYER-For the rulers of the Nations of 2. The leadership of Jehovah. the earth. 3. Our strategic position as His ambassadors. PRAYER-For America, that God may work His will through it.

TALK-The Promises of God. Emphasize PRAYER-For all those against whom we the promise that the gates of hell shall battIe, that God may speedily bring the not prevail against His Church. earth to His feet, where alone is Peace.

HYMN-I Love Thy Church 0 God. AN ApPEAL'-For the consecration and defi- nite enlistment of each life into a more PRAYER-That the new spirit of heroism and sacrificial service in God's army. sacrifice may so permeate the army of the Lord that His spiritual kingdom SILENT PRAYER-While kneeling sing: may speedily come. I Gave My Life For Thee.

SONG~Onward Christian Soldiers. THE LORD's PRAYER-Standing-_ PRAYER-(a) For the suffering mothers of EDITOR'S NOTE earth upon whom the shadows of the cross are falling and whose souls are In this hour of the world's cnSlS, let being pierced with a sword. us give ourselves to meditation and (b) For the mothers of our own land prayer. If possible, secure the assem- that, 'as they enter into the world's suf- bling together of all denominations for ferings, they may go "as seeing Him this most important service, which who is invisible" and in whose light, should be well advertised. all wrongs shall be made right. Programs may be secured from your "Being perplexed I say, Lord make it denominational headquarters, 65c per right, per hundred.

Night is as day to Thee: darkness as The new book: "The Churches of light. Christ in Time of War," by Charles S. MacFarland, will be found helpful in I am afraid to touch things which in- preparing the program. Price, 50c. volve so much, Many of the songs may be found in My nerveless hands may shake, the Missionary Hymnal. My faltering hands may break, Thou canst make no mistake.

Lord, make it right."

LATIN-AMERICA venerated in commemoration of miracu-

lous cures wrought by various saints and Fine Traits of Mexicans images.

A NEW ENGLAND business man, Many hundreds of these images, gaud- who has agencies in over twenty ily tinseled pictures and holy effigies have cities in Mexico, recently stated that been burned in the churchyard in Mex- during twenty-two years of dealing ico City in the last eighteen months. with the Mexicans he has never lost an Since the great revival in 1916 it has account. This incident is quoted by Miss become the custom for new converts to Clementina Butler as an illustration of present in public all the objects of their one of the fine qualities of the Mc;xican former worship and veneration. These people. Miss Butler, who is a mission- are then gathered in a pile and destroyed, ary and the daughter of the founder of much after the same fashion as the mis- the Methodist :Missions in Mexico, says sionaries in India and China coHect and further: destroy the idols surrendered by the converts from heathenism. "The agent of the American Bible Society, with his helpers, canvassed a Union in .Central America . Mexican city and its suburbs for one month~ offering copies of the Bible, "THE movement for the creation of Testaments, and portions of the ScrIp- a Central American Union-the tures at every door, the humble hut where famine conditions prevail and the welding of the five isolated Re- homes of the well-to-do. In that one publics into a single political organiza- month, in spite of the traditional fear tion-has progressed to such a point," of the Book, the agents of the Ameri- says the New York Herald, "that it can Bible Society sold in lhose thirty now seems probable that within a month days over ten thousand caples. So far or two steps will be taken to lay the have the Mexican people come in their groundwork: for the merger." idea that God's Word is the foundation of the true liberty for which they lang." In the stress of war little heed has been given this political enterprise, Idolatry in Mexico which has long been the dream of Cen- tral America. Gradually, however, the ANOTHER side of religion in Mex- movement has gained impetus through- ico is given in a picture which ap- out the five republics. The United States Government will probably lend peared· in a recent issue of the Wateh- its aid in bringing it to completion as man-Examiner. About 150 different soon as it can be shown that it has the objects of religious veneration are shown support of the countries involved. which have been voluntarily surrendered by their Mexican owners on becoming :public opinion in the five countries evangelical Christians. This picture appears to be generally in favor of the showed various photographs, scourges, undertaking, the only opposition com- whips for self-flagellation, cord'made of ing from some of the political leaders, prickly and spiny glass, to be worn next who are apprehensive that a general to the skin as a girdle; crucifixes, medals political merger under one government of gold, silver, brass, copper and iron, will bring about a curtailment of theIr prayer beads, scapularies of all kinds; activities. silver votive offerings, representing arms, legs, hands and heads, which are re- Change in Latin American Feeling garded as holy relics to be preserved and REV. S. G. INMAN, executive sec- retary of the Committee on Co-

FROM MANY LANDS

operation in Latin America, who has Callao, Cerro de Pasco, Huancayo and been touring South America, finds doors Trujillo. open everywhere. In Chile he was invited to speak: before the Y. M. C. A. Develop the nurses' work. and the National University, where he Build a representative work at Lima. discussed relations between Chile and Work out with the Evangelical Union the United States so frankly and hon- of Great Britain plans for press, schools estly that he was invited to speak in one and evangelism. of the city theatres. The ,principal A rgentina. Establish a strong theodaily paper reported his addresses in logical seminary. full, giving to one address a full col- Develop orphanages at Buenos Aires umn on the front page. and other points. Develop a chain of strong secondary Mr. Inman found an altered atti- schools in such places as Montevideo, tude toward the United States through- Cordoba, Mendoza, Rosario and Bahia out Latin America. The war is chang- Blanca. ing the feeling toward the United Give careful attention to the needs of States, and the work which Professor our English-speaking work. Shepperd of Columbia, Professor Rowe Panama. Negotiate with the Presbyof Pennsylvania and Professor Strong, terians concerning readjustments in Cennow of the University of Chile, are tral America, Colombia and Ecuador, accomplishing is having invaluable re- whereby the Methodists and Presbysults. Chilean students who have come terians can work in close co-operation. to the United States have had such a Establish in Panama an educational warm reception that they are writing institution modeled after Robert College home enthusiastically about the kind- in Constantinople. ness of the one-time hated "Yankees." Develop evangelistic work in the church for West Indians recently erected. A Program for South America Alcoholism in South America I N the last report- of the Methodist Foreign Missions Board is a compre- I N Latin America the Church has hensive plan for advanced operations in never arrayed herself against the each South American state. Here are a liquor traffic. The Roman Catholic few of the items: monks are owners of vineyards and manufacturers of wine. Many influen- Chile. Work out our p-rogram for tial members of the Roman Church Chile in consultation and in full co-op- have estates and sugar plantations where eration with the Presbyterians. wine is made. Pulque, aguardiente (brandy), chica, and wine are ruining Plan for a great union educational en- the Latin American nations all the terprise in Santiago. Develop a union faster on account of the Indian weakpress and bookstore plant in Santiago. ness for fermented liquors. Argentina and Chile have large sections devoted Develop the institutional work at Val- to grape-growing. In Chile, common paraiso with good day and night schools. table wine is cheaper than milk. It is significant that most of the total ab- Special emphasis on evangelistic work stainers in Latin America are members in Southern Chile. of the Evangelical churches. After the usual Saturday night and Sunday de- Bolivia. Secure adequate property for bauch twenty-five thousand workmen our school work at La Paz. in Chile are unable to return to their accustomed tasks on Monday morning. Give careful consideration to the de- The Roman Catholic Church has velopment of a farm orphanage as al- never endeavored _to control or check ready worked out for Peru.

Develop Cochabamba strongly as a strategic- center for the work on the east side of the mountains.

Peru. Plan a college at Lima with feeders at four central points such as

alcoholic excesses at her church fes- other native peoples who have not been tivals, which often terminate in dis- reached by any church whatever and are graceful revelry. as pagan as any tribe in the heart of Africa. But a better day may dawn for Chile, as it is already coming in Uru- In anyone of the ten republics of guay and Peru. Uruguayan women South America, a missionary could have are working hard to make the country a city and dozens of towns for his dry. As a starting point they are ask- parish. In some of the countries he ing for a law closing saloons and wine could have one or two provinces with- •shops on Sundays and holidays. out touching any other evangelical worker. A national temperance society, formed a few years ago in Callao, Peru, has There are more ordained ministers in gained full confidence of the govern- the State of Iowa than in all South Am- ment. The national congress has voted erica with Mexico and Central America a monthly grant for temperance propa- added.-World Outlook. ganda and the Peruvian press has fur- nished strong support. Sins Against Childhood Street Waifs in Buenos Aires I T is said that every other child in Ecuador is cared for by an unmarried T HE police records of Buenos Aires mother. One-fifth to one-sixth of the pop- state that there are 5,000 aban- ulation of Brazil are of illegitimate doned children on the streets. An in- birth, in Venezuela two-thirds and in fluential magazine, Munde Argentino, Chile one-third. Compare these with is doing its best to stir up the .. public France and Belgium which have seven mind to a realization of the neglect to per cent. illegitimate births and Eng- which these children are subject. The land with six per cent. A certain per- principal amusements of the children centage of this illegitimacy is due to are gambling and smoking. the high cost of marriage. When the minimum fee for a religious marriage Scores of children are picked up is $8 and a peon earns only a few on the street of Buenos Aires cents a day, the cost of marriage is al- and cared for by the Boca Sunday- most prohibitive. school of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This Sunday-school is in one Children in the Indian families of of the neediest sections of the city. South America have not a pleasant life -provided they are strong enough to The children of South America have survive the lack of care and the ig- not yet come into their own. The Sun- norance with which they are treated day-school is called to be a powerful as babies. With a baby coming every agency in the vindication of these child year as it does in most Indian families, rights. no child gets individual attention. The mother's chief desire seems to be to keep Why South America Needs Christianity it comatose and to do this she often gives even the tiniest baby pisco to drink, E VERY effort has been made by with the result that many children of Roman priests to prevent the two years old are confirmed alcoholics. spread of evangelical truth. The Bible is pronounced an immoral book and the EUROPE priests seize every opportunity to de- stroy it. Sermons Soldiers Want There is startling irreverence of ex- T HE REVIEW has already quoted . pression even in the most "religious" what Rev. Dr. John McNeill of Toronto says about the great spiritual countries. One comes upon such signs opportunities presented by the troops .of is "Butcher Shop of the Holy Spirit," "Furniture Shop of the Saviour."

There are several million Indians and

FROM MANY

France. This is what he says about Attendances at the dispensary number the kind of preaching that appeals to close on '10,000 in a year, while the the men: nurses pay about 500 visits to the homes "My matured conviction is that what of patients. Even the hundreds of the men need and expect and want to humble barrowmen who throng the hear is the straightforward discussion vicinity at market hours feel they have of their spiritual needs and problems. a friend in the Mission. They go to its They eagerly welcome a message that workers for advice, or for letters to be deals with their sin and failings, the written to officials, or to ask for surgi- way of salvation, and the way of es- cal appliances, trusses, elastic stockings, cape in the hour of their temptation. etc., and sometimes on bad days, for a'

They want the 'central verities,' no ticket for the coffee-stall. It is a joy beating round the bush, no skilful skat- to the workers to hear the men's con- ing near the subject and evading it, nu fidences and sllmmaries of their check- velvet-glove dealing with their failings, ered adventures, and to try and help but honest, frank, straightforward mes- them to a knowledge that God is love, sages that point the way to hope and and to the Saviour who died and lives of victory-given, of course, with sym- for them.-Londrm ChrjJtian.

pathy understanding and tenderness of appea1. This is what the men want Testaments for Munition Workers and will listen to. A reference to N OW that the work of the Scripsome feature of the war or its progress ture Gift Mission in placing the: may be used for two or three minutes Word of God in the hands of the Britat the outset to capture their interest, ish soldiers is well organized, it was but it is not on these things that they a happy thought on the part of the expect a man with a message to spend committee to issue the Munition Workhis time. Whenever a meeting is an- ers' or War Workers' Testament, spenounced as a religious meeting, the men cially bound in khaki and lettered acexpect it to be such and their respect cordirigly, and bearing as a foreword for the Christian life is increased by the King's own words concerning the absolute honesty and frankness in deal- daily regular reading of the Word of ing with the moral and spiritual issues. God. It is hoped to issue at least a This applies to all classes of men, of hundred thousand copies almost imall creeds. We have had present at the mediately to be distributed at the varimeetings and have had sincere response pus centers among munition workers. from all denominations of Protestants The need has only to be known to be as well as Roman Catholics,.Jews, Greek realized. Huge munition centers have Orthodox, and many others not so well been called into being in various parts known." of the country; men and women of all Transforming Billingsgate ranks, classes, creeds and characters are working side by side, doing the most T HE Billingsgate Christian Mission laborious and in some cases the most and Dispensary has been at work dangerous and deadly work that human for thirty-eight years in London's great hands have ever undertaken.

wholesale fish-market, and seeks unceas- British Care of German Missions ingly the moral. and physical good of T the fishing industry and waterside HE greater part of German foreign missionary work has hitherto been laborers. The operations are many- sided, covering religious services, tem- carried on in British territory or in Ger- perance meetings, Sunday-school, Sick man colonies which have now passed and Insurance Club, and the dispensary. into the hands of the Allies. German The Mission seeks to "keep touch with Protestant missionaries before the war humanity around us, in soul and body." numbered more than 1,600 men and

250 single women, and connected with the higher service.. They are very will- their missions in various parts of the ing, and not a few of the working class world were some 700,000 baptized girls are very fine and capable helpers.

Christians. Some of the most effective They seem to have entered into the spirit "German" missionary work, so called, of Association work. Will you think of was conducted under the largely Ger- our factory work and pray for the girls man-controlled Society which has its we are trying to reach there? It is difheadquarters in Switzerland-the Basle ficult work and needs much wisdom and Mission-and by the two important spiritual power." Lutheran Churches in America.

The C. M. S. Review comments edi- The Paris City Mission torially: A T the annual meeting in London of "Until the policy of the Government the Paris City Mission, it was re- ported that as the result of the work of is more clear it is not possible to meas- eight agents in France nearly 400,000 ure in definite terms what our respon- Gospels and tracts had been distributed, sibilities will be for carrying on work 1,344 meetings had been held, and over which German missionaries have begun 13,000 visits of various kinds had beert in British territory. But already it is paid during the last twelve mortths. clear that provision must be made for Evangelical work had been dorte at marty replacing German agents and German military bases and encampments in all influence in the Basle Mission on the parts of France. Dr. W. Evans Darby Gold Coast, and that the Government said that for the manifestation of praclooks to the co-operation of the British tical Christian sympathy and for the very Societies. And we understand that the kind of work that the mission was doing, United Free Church of Scotland has the present conditions in France were undertaken to co-operate with the Swiss most favorable. The terrible experience Mission in this task. We gather that of the war had brought the two nations the British Societies at work among closer together, had made hearts more the Bantu peoples of Central East and tender, and had opened up lines of sym- South Africa are preparing to face pathy as nothing else could have done. similar demands. In India the trend of The Rev. C. H. Vine, of Ilford, said future developments is· not yet so clear."

For Swiss Munition Workers that when the war came to an end there would. be more need than ever for the MADEMOISELLE MALAN kind of work being done in that mission. writes of Young Women's Chris- There would be a revulsion, he thought, tian Association work recently begun from the materialistic view of things among girls in munition factories in which had been largely held by many Geneva, Switzerland: "We began work people. in February in two factories, one employ- ing 400 and another 1,000 women. We A Country Without the Bible A s have rented an old house in a fine garden long ago as 1907 the Evangelical and hope to turn it into a home for about Alliance sought to secure permis- thirty girls. At present we mostly use sion from the Greek Government for the garden and the ground floor for a the circulation and sale of the Bible in restaurant and club house. This kind of the common speech of its citizens. The work is new in Geneva and it is rousing Orthodox Greek hierarchy, however, much interest. Our finances are at their held that the Septuagint version of the lowest ebb, and we don't know how we Old Testament and the original manu- can keep up work next winter and get script of the New Testament consti- our rooms heated. Amongst our mem- tute the only standard permissible to its bers and the outer circle of girls there is communicants and the effort came to just now a fine spi~it of consecration to nothing.

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Dr. George T. White, of Marsovan. distributing the Scriptures still makes comments as follows: steady progress. The superintendent of the Scripture Gift Mission in Petro- "All this means a serious national grad writes: condition. There is a Nemesis for any people in a refusal to allow the use of "I have never had so many ask for the Word of God in the spoken lan- the Portions, and never had so many guage. The Orthodox Church has de- thank me for them in one week as I veloped religious form, rite, ceremony, have had this week. My heart aches perhaps beyond all other churches, but that I cannot do more. Do please pray the spirit of Christ in human affairs is much that all the Scriptures being another matter. The Bulgarians have spread may bear fruit. At times I have outstripped the Greeks in popular edu- to give up work when I have the opcation, in spite of their literary heritage. portunity of giving thousands more who The twin vices of intemperance and im- probably will never have the opportunity morality flourish quite openly in the of getting any portion of God's Word coast cities of the Levant. The repu- again. Could those who love God's tation of many Greek immigrants to Word see the crowds that we can reach America for personal character and for every day, they would help you as they business integrity leaves something to have never done, especially did they be desired. Their national church is a realize, as we. do, that it will never political, social and cultural bond again be possible to reach these. With ·among its scattered hosts rather than a most it is now or never." vital Christian force." MOSLEM LANDS A Manifesto Against God ASuffering Greeks in Turkey IN a little Russian viIIage on the far N appeal issued on behalf of the Baltic the people have issued a mani- suffering Greeks in Asia Minor festo abolishing the rule not only of the quotes Dr. James L. Barton of the Czar but of the Deity. American Board as saying: A writer in the Christian Herald "Communications from Constanticomments: nople show that the condition of the Greeks in Turkey is almost as deplor- "The ignorant people of the far Rus- aWe as that of the Armenians and sian village know little of history. The Syrians. At the beginning the Turks lesson must be written out for them in spared the Greeks, but in the last few their own blood. Alas, many far more months they have seemed to turn upon learned, far wiser than they, refuse to them with unusual venom." read from the open page of life that God cannot be abolished. The Czar Greeks in Thrace and the regions could be abolished-and happy the peo- of the Marmora were deported to the ple that can set in his stead a govern- interior of Asia Minor along with the ment of good order and justice, upon Armenians. At least 500,000 Greeks which God may smile! Churches are said to be in need of relief in may be abolished; priests may be abol- Turkey alone. ished; creeds and rituals may be abolished or decay; but God can no more be Mr. W. W. Peet writes: "The abolished by manifesto of men than can refugee Greeks in Constantinople and the steady march of time or the eternal in the provinces were, generally speakcircling of the stars be stopped by a puny ing, small farmers in Thrace and the cry in the dar~." towns and villages around the Mar- mora. They have now been driven The Word of God in Russia from their homes, involving the loss of all their possessions and are here IN spite of all the unrest, revolution quartered upon an already overcrowded and upheaval in Russia the work of City."

The Meaning of British Victory The territorial losses are graphicaIly set forth in the following table: DR. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, who has spent a lifetime in Syria, TURKEYS LOSSES WITHIN A CENTURY for the last seventeen years has been editor for the Presbyterian. mission press at Greece Became indc:pendent 1830 Beirut, and who knows conditions in the Algeria Occupied by J;'rench 1880 East as few other Americans know them, Servia Received autonomy 1880 says that the effect and importance of Became independent 1878 the capture of Bagdad by the British Rumania Kingdom established 1880 cannot be exaggerated. Received autonomy Montenegro Became independent 1862 "Great Britain, with her armies now Bosnia-Herzegovina Kingdom established 1878 inside of Syria, can develop her weU- Bulgaria Became independent 1881 . formed plans for the Sultan of Egypt, Eastern Rurnelia Kingdom established Syria and Irak. Egypt is already a part Cyprus Occupied by Austria 1878 of the British Empire, with a viceroy. Tunis Annexed 1910 Irak, the ancient name for the country Egypt Received autonomy round Bagdad, recalls the former glories Crete Kingdom established 1878 of the Mohammedan world of Arabic Tripoli Received autonomy 1908 scholarship and art and robs the present Albania 1878 Sultan of Turkey of his spurious claims Turkey in Europe Annexed to Bulgaria 1908 to the caliphate and headship of the re- Turkey in Asia Ceded to England 1878 ligion of Islam throughout the world. All this, and more than can be packed French Protectorate 1885 into ten thousand words, is the meaning Occupied by Britain 1878 of the capture of Bagdad." Taken into empire 1881 Received autonomy 1882 The Shrinking Turkish Empire Ceded to Greece 1915 Occupied by' Italy PREVIOUS to the Balkan Wars in Became independent 1898 1910, Turkey held a nominal rule 19B over a population estimated at 36,323- 1 539. At the close of the Balkan Wars 1 1911 the area of the Ottoman Empire had 1912 shrunk to about 295,391 square miles with a population of only a little over 1 18,000,000. At the present time, with 1 Russia nibbling on the East, the British adding to their conquests' in Mesopo- The Jews in Palestine tamia and slowly gnawing their way to Jerusalem, with the Sherif of Mecca THE Jewish Chronicle states that it in possession of the Holy City and is with profound sorrow and con- Southern Arabia, and the Turkish Government eating out the vitals of the cern that it learns, from an absolutely empire in the relentless persecution and reliable source. the very gravest news destruction of over a million and a half of the Jews in Palestine. Not alone of her best people (Armenians, Syrians, have hllnger and disease so preyed up- Greeks and Jews) , it requires no on them that thousands upon thousands prophet to foretell the end. Within are literally starving, without the possithe last seven years the area of Turkey bility of obtaining food or homes, but has diminished to about 183,250 even worse is threatened, for the Turksquare miles and her population to only ish Governor, Djemal Pasha, has pro- 14,750,000 — a shrinkage of over claimed the intention of the authorities 22,000,000. to wipe out mercilessly the Jewish pop- ulation of Palestine, his public state- ment being that the Armenian policy of massacre is to be applied to the Jews.

A special correspondent writing from Milan says: Private letters received in Switzerland from Palestine state that the southern part of the Holy Land has been evacuated. The Turks have learned a lesson from the Germans, and have copied the latter's vandalism on the Somme by laying waste every vil- lage. N at a living soul is left in the territory south of the Andja river from a line about three miles north of Jaffa to the mountains of Judea. The Turks have conveyed all the archives to N ablon and Damascus. The civilian population which had escaped massacre or starvation was driven to Galilee.

FROM MANY LANDS

Jaffa is nearly destroyed. All the pub- 1916, and in less than six months up to lic buildings were set on fire or blown June 30, 1916, we sold in this waiting up with dynamite, and every village for room 4,166 copies. These books were in a distance of about twelve miles was 12 languages, 1 diglot, and 62 dialects.

laid in ashes. The largest number of books sold in a single day was 81. We have had motley Constantinople College Goes On crowds at the hospital, consisting not . DURING all the difficulties of the only of residents of Meshed, Jews, Ar- present situation in the Turkish menians, Russians and other foreigners, shrine students, etc., but very largely Empire, Dr. Louise B. Wallace, the made up of people from all parts of acting president of Constantinople Persia, from Karbala, Russia, the Cauca- sus, Turkestan, Afghanistan and India. Woman's College, has calmly and per- One morning six Afghans from Kabul sistently carried on the college work: as came into the waiting room, three of if no war existed. When the usual whom were sayyids, and one of them time came for Commencement it was said: 'We did not come to see the doctor celebrated as usual, and the occasion professionally but just to calL We have was graced by the customary number seen your books in Kabul, and being in of high Government officials, who Meshed we wanted to call on you. We looked on with approval during the have seen in our country lots of the exercises. Twenty-two young women books you have sold.' They bought sev- were graduated, including Mohamme- eral books." dans, Jews, Albanians, Bulgarians, Greeks and Armenians.

N The Turkish Government has shown Y. M. C. A. in Bible Lands in many ways its appreciation of the EAR the reputed site of the work of Constantinople College, among others by sending to the college an in- Garden of Eden fifty Young creasing number of students paid for by Men's Christian Association secretaries the Government, and by selecting grad- are at work, safeguarding the soldiers uates of the college for important posi- against the seductions of evil; and here tions in Turkish schools. the "Tree of Life" bears its fruit for It is a great financial straiJl to carry the healing of the nations. Near plains on this college through the war, but it where Abraham may have pitched his is very important to be able to hold such tent and Lot turned toward Sodom, a center, and thus to provide trained the Association has pitched many 9f its _Christian women, ready for all kinds great marquees, each gathering 200 to of work, both now and after the war. 500 soldiers in friendly shelter. Under the shadow of Mount Sinai, where Work for Afghans in Persia Moses received the tables of the Ten M ISSIONARY work began in the Commandments, and the voice pro- sacred city of Meshed in eastern claimed, "The Lord God, merciful and Persia, near the border of Afghanistan, gracious," thousands of soldiers wrote in 1911, but for lack of a doctor, the home from the Association's tents that little hospital was not opened till four there God's sons are as living epistles, years later. Rev. J. F. Esselstyn writes interpreting His new commandment, "that ye love one another." Near from Meshed: where Moses struck: the rock: and "In the waiting room of the hospital waters gushed forth is another Associ- ation "Centre" which provides rewe have placed a glass front show case in freshment for the King's men, parched and wearied from blistering marches. which we display a full assortment of the At Alexandria, on the Mediterranean, Scriptures in some twenty languages and at the gateway from Egypt to Africa, many dialects. The first Scriptures were sold in this waiting room on January 14.

at the Port of Suez, where Mark, the was over 400 feet high and covered many apostle, first preached the Gospel to a acres of ground. The Buddhist worship- handful, the Association greeted or sped ers are sorely bereft, as they looked upon on their homeward way a full hundred the Pagoda as of great power, able to thousand soldiers in the spirit of -the withstand the elements and all forms of same GospeL-Association Men. attack. This enormous pagoda, coated with gold leaf, could be seen for miles, INDIA AND BURMA and every two years tens of thousands Troubles of Indian 'Converts of rupees were spent on it. One of the trustees told me that hundreds of dollars' T HE persecution to which mass worth of gold and precious stones have movement converts in India are been recovered from the ruins. Through :subjected is often instigated by the the centuries pious Buddhists have made :zamindm', or the native official. The their offerings to this revered pagoda. wells from which the Chamars have for A large force ot policemen are on guard <centuries drawn water are closed to to prevent looting. I found an old nun •dIe converts. Their grazing rights are on the pagoda platform. She was moan- ing in great distress, 'My god has died I stopped. In some districts the Christian My god has gone I' I asked her what workers also are beaten. They are benefit she could possibly get from trust- compelled to pull punkas, etc., without ing in a god that couLd be destroyed. pay, and forced contributions of chick- To this she replied that it would come ens and eggs are made from them. back to life again." Moreover, in some districts the zamin- dar objects to schools being opened, or refuses to allow the boys to attend. In Siam's Entry into the War the Meerut district the people are not allowed to give their own houses for "FOR various reasons the full sigschool purposes. nificance of Siam's entry into the The Chamars are a slightly higher great war on the side of the Allies seems caste than the Sweepers, from among to have been overlooked in the accounts whom the converts in this region have contained in the daily papers," writes Rev. Wm. Harris, of Chieng Mai. chiefly been won in the past, and there are signs that the mov~ment anlOng "For a quarter-of a century Siam had them will spread. While there has never forgiven France for the events of been an unfortunate manifestation of '93, culminating in the loss of a large caste spirit on the part of some indi- part of Eastern Siam which was seized viduals, the conditions have not been by France and added to French Indosuch as to result in divided congrega- China." It was but natural then that tions, or lead communities to hold in the early days of the War the Siamese themselves aloof from each other on should look upon France's distress with account of caste origin. But if there is complacency. The significance of Sianl's a large ingathering from the Chamars, present action then lies in this: she has the danger of having a Christian com- cast aside an old, dead quarrel, in view munity that: is divided on caste lines of a present, live issue. And she takes may become very real. It has already the occasion to inform the world-and been experienced in South India. France-that she enters the War to emphasize the inalienable rights of small A Ruined Shrine nations!

'''ONE of the most renowned and an- This fairly illustrates certain spiritual cient Buddhist shrines-the great traits of the Siamese character–open- mindedness, up-to-dateness, mobility of . Shwe Maw Daw Pagoda in Rangoon- opinion,. fearlessness in facing new issues, was totally destroyed by an earthquake, a and taking neW departures.' It is be- few weeks ago," writes a Methodist mis- ,sionary. "This huge ~ass of masonry cause of these national character-

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istics, that the Message of Jesus meets head. It is certainly an anomaly for with so little active opposition, nay with Britain to send out missionaries to the so friendly a hearing. The political im- Chinese and at the same time openly to plications of this recent step, while send out supplies of morphine that it is deeply interesting, are not the concern well known cannot be used medicinally, of the missionary. To him the sig- aU for the sake of the enormous profits· nificance of it all lies in this exhibitioll made thereby. Let prayer be made by of spiritual freedom wh~ch augurs wcll the Church that this curse to the people for the future of any people. and hindrance to our work; may be speedily removed." A Fearless Siamese Deaconess Special Meetings in Peking A WOMAN missionary in Siam writes: T HE Christians in Peking held a "I have been put to shame lately by series of special evangelistic services little glimpses of real faith I have found early this year. They formed a personal in Maa Luem, one of our deaconesses. A workers' class of more than two hundred certain Christian who had stolen the wife that they trained for a month beforeof another man previously had not, as hand. Four and five small meetings was supposed, made reparation and done daily and two big night services helped the right thing since. Now the govern- the preparation. Rev. Geo. L. Davis ment is taking a piece of his land, and writes: "I have been in Billy Sunday he thinks the missionary should help him, meetings and I have never seen people and is not going to church. Maa Luem work with the joy and abandon that the does not hesitate to tell her brother and Chinese Christians worked. Some of everyone else in strong terms that .he is our business men did 110t go to work reaping the just reward of his sin. She for the entire week, and the two small has been talking earnestly with the lead- meetings in the Huashih Church and the ing lawyer of Taptieng and feels that he Chushihkou developed into great meetwill some time openly confess Jesus ings that lasted for hours. A man was Christ. He is reading the Bible and allowed to preach fifteen minutes and asking a great many questions." .then the invitation was given to all the people who wanted to become Christians CHINA to come into side rooms, and in one week this church got 605 people to sign cards oThe Menace of Morphine saying that they wanted to become PlUM is being replaced in China Christians. During the week: in four by other drugs. Attention has churches 1187 people signed cards and already been called to the alarming in- 33,481 attended the meetings, already crease in the exportation of morphinc 227 have been taken on probation and from Great Britain to China. Dr. Alex we will take the rest as soon as they R. Young, a missionary of the Free can be properly instructed. But the Church of Scotland in Tiding, Man- problem is what are we going to do churia, writes: about housing and training such a crowd. The Huashih church holds only "As pointed out by Dr. Wu Lien-teh, 230 people' and now if we add 605 to the foremost foreign trained Chinese the membership what shall we do?" medical graduate, Japan re-expol·ts large quantities of morphine surreptitiously Sunday-School Work in China. into China via Dalny and Antung. The number of men and women coming to T HE American Section of the us for relief from the morphine habit World's Sunday School Associais largely on the increase. tion has been asked to meet a war emergency in China. The Sunday- "The only radical cure is to cut off school work in this great field has been the supply of the drug at the fountain-

largely financed heretofore by the list of those who are to receive it. British Section of the Association, but Forty-nine thousand copies are dis- owing to their depleted resources they tributed every month among 308,000 have been obliged to call upon the students in 914 schools.

American committee to take over the budget and administration of China. Japanese Sunday-school Teachers The American committee, at a recent FIVE hundred and fifty teacher-trainmeeting, unanimously voted to shoulder ing students in one year is not a this burden. Under the present organization, there is maintained a head- bad record in the Sunrise Kingdom. quarters office in Shanghai, where Rev. That is the record of Mr. H. E. Cole- E. G. Tewksbury has been doing man, the World's Association Educasplendid work as the general secretary tional Secretary for Japan. These of the China Sunday School Union. It students have been enrolled in the Tokyo is proposed to continue this arrange- and Karuizawa training institutes and ment, giving Mr. Tewksbury two native in teacher-training classes in various assistants to help him in the general parts of Japan, and the work is really organization, and also to place native just starting. They have a splendid secretaries in every province which is course in Japanese. The instruction is ready for such service. China's popula- supplemented by a fine Sunday-school tion is 400,000,000. Of the sixty mil- exhibit of sixty-nine cards mounted with lion children of school age only four material in both English and Japanese. millions are being publicly educated. The Sunday-school workers' library con- The Christian primary school with its sists of 300 books besides full sets of the Bible teaching will be for many years various graded lessons. A set of Sunthe principal hope for the education of day-school slides completes the outfit.~ these millions. The Sunday School Times.

JAPAN-CHOSEN In the Slums of Kobe AChristian Literature in Schools D OWN in the slum district in the N indirect but important means of eastern part of Kobe there is quite evangelization has been in progress a remarkable group of Christian young men. The recent wave of material pros- in Japan for some time in the way of perityin Japan has reduced the amount distributing Christian literature in the of poverty and hunger in the slums, but public and Government schools. For the sin and degradation have shown no years these schools were carefully decrease. More money means more guarded against the introdu<.'tion of any- sElke (a Japanese drink), more profligacy thing pertaining to or resembling Chris- and more carousing. In the midst of tian teachings, in many cases pupils even such surroundings a dozen young men being warned by the school authorities are living and working for Jesus Christ.

not to attend Christian services outside "Just plain working men they are, but nor to give any hearing to the doctrines they are saints of God," writes Rev. H.

taught by the missionaries. Yet the W. Myers. Mr. Takeuchi, the leadnation, the Government and the educa- ing spirit of the group, has rented a good tional authorities have increasingly felt building and fitted it up for a laborers' the pressing need of moral and even re- dormitory and high school. Here these ligious instruction, and the restrictions young men can help one another in the have gradually been removed. A paper, struggle for faith and purity, and in the called the Day Star, is' published effort to win souls for Jesus Christ. They have studied together history, monthly for gratuitous distribution, but Chinese, English, mathematics and all only schools whose principals personally accept the papers and guarantee their other branches of a regular high school proper distribution are placed upon the course. After an hour of such study

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these young men have a prayer meeting, foreign missionary work. Now it has a preaching service, or an hour preach- in accessible form a practically complete ing on the street together. statement of the present condition of Methodist missionary.work throughout Neglected Japanese Islanders the world. Methodist missions have T HE Loa Chao Islands, which con- now extended to every continent and are stitute the Southern Islands Mis- literally scattered throughout the world. sion District of the Methodist Church It has therefore become of the most in Japan consist of fifty-three islands, urgent importance that the problem shall covering 875 square miles, which sup- be studied not only from the angle of port a population of 566,000. Educa- the individual mission station, but as a tionally, Okinawa is far behind the other world problem. There is a sense ill counties and herein lies one of her which the need for this world program most important problems. Owing to grows immediately out of the present deficient Japanese education on the part world crisis created by the war. Dr. of the teachers themselves, and lack of John R. Matt was chairman of the educational funds, the poorly prepared conference.-Christian A dvocate_ Lao Chooan students too seldom enter Soldiers in "Bone-Dry" States higher schools, and thus higher education wanes. The moral standard of the WITH the influx of Northern islanders is very low; sake drinkers soldiers to training camps below abound, and the one' weak Temperance Society has yet much to do. The the Mason and Dixon line, "bone-dry" Methodists have opened work on the States of the South are face to face with island of Toku-no-shima (Virtue Island) a new problem. Military and civil auwhere they now have a church and thorities find that the soldiers are parsonage va1ued at Yen 2,300. "In quenching their thirst with a gamut of no other county," writes E. R. Bull, compounds and patent medicines that "is so little known of the Christian God. contain alcohol. Highballs and rickeys It may be due to the difference of of lemon extract, of Jamaica ginger and language, the poverty of the people or carbonated water are taking the place their narrow vision because of their of the real thing. Chattanooga police isolation, but whatever the cause, this have studied the laws carefully, and say unusual evangelistic opportunity awaits they cannot prosecute sellers of the comus or whatever denomination chooses to pounds to soldiers for the reason that the articles are registered under the pure labor there." food act and the amount of alcohol they contain is printed on the labels of NORTH AMERICA the bottles. The situation in Chatta- Methodist World Program nooga, which is the nightly rendezvous for the thousands of soldiers of the regu- T HE Board of Foreign Missions, of lar army encamped at Chickamauga the Methodist Episcopal Church, Park, has become so serious that action held a conference of representative lay- to curb the sales is being taken. men and ministers at Niagara Falls. The range of artificial stimulants the September 17-19, to consider a world cravers for liquor are falling back on, program for Methodism. The last according to the police, includes spirits General Conference authorized the of ammonia, bay rum, bitters, paregoric board to create a centenary commission· and tonics.

IN to plan for an adequate celebration of Future Leaders of Nations the centenary of Methodist missionary spite of the war three hundred work in 1918-19. For more than a year the centenary commission has been students from thirty-seven different at work on a survey of Methodist countries attended the Student Con-

ferences in the summer as guests of the has a strong work among the Pawnee, Committee on Friendly Relations among Otoe and Osage tribes. The last named Foreign Students. China was repre- are wealthy, their possessions totaling sented by 110, japan by 67, Brazil by more than $30,000 for each member of 16, and the Philippine Islands by 13. the tribe. Their wealth is composed of The following other countries were lands and particularly of oil wells on represented: Armenia, Austria, Burma, their lands. The Roman Catholics are Bohemia, Egypt, England, Greece, actively at work among them. Rev. Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy, Korea, Victor J. MastersD.D., describing a Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, visit to the Pawnees, says: Cuba, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Porto -Rico, Salvador, Spain, "At the afternoon service, in the midst British West Indies, Uruguay, Nether- of my discourse, which was interpreted lands, Russia, Siam, South Africa, Syria by _Brother Gillingham, an old Wild and Turkey, Chief in the old tribal costume, with swarthy skin, and coal-black hair plaited Three were baptized and received into in a heavy braid and hanging far down the Church- during tile conference his back, arose from his seat and came period, and fully forty announced their marching up the aisle, holding high in decision to lead a Christian life. One's his extended right hand a bright new confidence in the ultimate triumph of silver dollar, uttering as he advanced Christian brotherhood was strengthened Indian words that had no meaning to as one witnessed the harmonious fellow- me. I turned and said ': 'Brother ship between Turk and Armenian, Rus- Gillingham, what does he say?' sian and Austrian, japanese and Chinese. The best proof of the inestimable value " 'He says,' he replied, 'that you have of these Conferences is found in the told good words about the .Tems Way; testimony of the delegates. that he does not know how to walk in this Way,' but that you have spoken Mormons in Michigan good words which touched his heart. He wants to give this dollar to help all T HERE is a stretch of territory in who talk to the Indians about the the northern peninsula of Mich- Jesus Way.' n igan in which there are eight towns, along the line of the Pere Marquette A Day of Prayer for Germany railway, in which there is no Protestant or Catholic church or Sabbath school of T HE Chicago clergyman who makes any denomination. The only missionary the suggestion that a day of prayer work is that carried on by the Mormons for Germany be observed in our land who are the most aggressive _missionary does so on the basis that the German peobody in Michigan." The above state- ple are our enemies, and that we are not mcnts were made recently by Rev. W. theirs. The foIIowing is quoted from j. Benn who has just completed a re- the Chicago Trihune: ligious survey of the State of Michigan. "In entire sincerity and with only the Regular Sabbath evening services are purest motives, the churches of America held by the Utah Mormons in Detroit can pray that the truth about this war and the Reorganized Church of Jesus may be made manifest to the German Christ of Latter Day Saints has a hand- people, that Germans may be given the some church at Fourth and Holden courage and wisdom to secure emancipa- Avenues. tion, and that a free Germany, peaceful because free, may take its deserved place Baptist Work for Indians in a free and comparatively peaceful world. We suggest, therefore, that the A BOUT one-third of the Indians in churches of America appoint a day of – the United States are in Oklahoma, prayer for the people of Germany. and the Southern Baptist Convention "Should this be done there would per-

1 7] NEWS FROM MANY

haps be disgust and suspicion on the branches, such as domestic economy and Germans' part, and disgust and suspicion sewing, and being trained in the laws of might last for several days or weeks. hygiene and the care of children; the Eventually, however, it would dawn up- latter training being especially signifi- on the Germans that what President cant when it is realized that sixty-five Wilson said was so. Nor do we mean per cent. of the children of Egypt are to argue that prayer is a mere ,subjective said to die before they are two years old, exercise when we predict that the news . while ninety-six per cent. of all the of an American day of prayer for the children of Egypt are reported to be German people would lead numerous afflicted with some form of eye trouble, Germans to question the cleverness of due to the ignorance of mothers relative longer starving and bleeding to postpone to sanitary laws.

frecdom."-Literary Digest. Another great disintegrating influence to Mohammedanism in Algeria, Tunis Progress in Alaska and Egypt comes from the Government WITHIN the year Alaska has gained schools, the introduction of modern busi- two great things-the prohibition ness and the employment of Mohamof liquor and the establishment of an medan young men in Government posiagricultural college and schobl of mines tions and in new, processes of agriculture, -and is attracting an in(;reasing number of citizens of a good class. When the first irrigation, and mechanical imp-rovereferendum vote was taken on the liquor question, and Alaska went overwhelm- ments. A recent report shows 30,742 ingly dry, Congress enacted a "bone dry" bill for the territory, forbidding importa- students studying in the higher schools tion, manufacture and sale of liquors. fostered by the Government of Egypt, The establishment of an agricultural while more than 20,000 Moslem young college and school of mines was set afoot several years ago, but only recently have women have been gathered into similar the necessary funds been appropriated schools, supervised by Government agencies. They are learning Western ways and becoming accustomed to see life from the Christian point of view.

Behind all this teaching and educa- tional service the predominant principles and tracts of land set aside for the in- of the Bible may be fdt.-Christian stitution. In time it will rank with the Herald.

best of the state universities. Newcom- ers to Alaska usually reach the country War Results in Africa with little money. The result is that "IT is hard to sit here with the people when a town is started, it is practically clamoring for evangelists and teachimpossible to ask these people during the ers," writes Rev. George Schwab, of first few years to support a church. The West Africa, "but it is a privilege after mission board must establish the con- being through the War to see the hold gregation in a suitable home and supply the Gospel has taken on men, as everya worker until the townspeople can "get on their feet." thing else they had believed in was fast disintegrating. We saw the calm of AFRICA those threatened with instant death if they would not consent to violate the Schools in Moslem Africa laws of God–some of them died for C HRISTIAN education in North their faithfulness to the better life they Africa is becoming a notable force. had learned to lead. Now the tribes to In' Southern Egypt there are at Luxor the East are as thirsty men fighting for and Assiout schools for girls under the water, shouting, fairly yelling for the direction of missionary societies where Gospel. It is too good to be true. It hundreds of Young women, many of is more than we of weak: faith deserve.

them Moslems, are studying practical "We are hoping that someone may be

able to go up and open the work at OBITUARY Yebekole ere long (Yebekole is another Rev. Baring-Gould and Dr. Henry Haigh of the out-stations from Metet.) Conditions are at white heat now. If we TWO distinguished English missiondo not take hold of the work there soon, ary secretaries, the Rev. Baring there wiII be a reaction. My assistant reports over 330 in his schooI. This is Baring-Gould, of the Church Missionlarger by far than our present enroll- ary Society) and Dr. Henry Haigh, of ment at Metet (the station school)." the Wesleyan Missionary Society, dur- ing the month of July, died within a few days of one another. Mr. Baring- African Prayers Gould, who was seventy-four years of T HE Rev. Melvin Fraser, of Elat, age, had been secretary of the C. M. S. West Africa, writes of some of his for twenty-five years and only retired two or three years ago. theological pupils: "Their prayers suggest a certain originality and tendency Dr. Haigh, of the Wesleyan Society, to pictorial thought, and an earnestness was on an official visit to China. After that knows no restraint of convention- nearly thirty years of valuable service in ality. At close of class each day, some India he had returned to England, student was asked to stand up and lead where, on his appOIntment M secretary in prayer. One day Obam prayed that of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, he the things the pupils were learning might became recognized by all as a true misfill their hearts until they overflowed sionary Statesman.

like water from a bucket. Esono praved Rev. Wm. M. Dager of Africa that the lessons might be locked in ilke O~ September 25th, the Rev. Wm. valuable goods in a box, so that Satan M. Dager, of the West Africa might not steal them. Abata prayed that those arguments might not hop away Mission of the Presbyterian Church, like grasshoppers. The boys certainly died suddenly in Wooster, Ohio. He have their own original and homely ways was expecting to return soon to Africa. of expressing their earnest desires when During hIS present furlough, Mr. Dager they talk to the Lord." has rendered a service of inestimable value in his tours among the churches and his inspiring words about the work ISLANDS OF THE SEA in Africa. The West Africa Mission "N Many Baptisms in New Guinea wiII sorely miss his wise counsel, his self- 0 mission po~t anywhere," says forgetful labor covering a period of eighteen years, and his much needed help The Living Church, "seems at thIS time when the work is caIling more remote from us than New Guinea, loudly for workers and they are so few.

where missionary work is in charge of a bishop of the English Church with a Dr. Charles R. Hagar of China corps of ten English clergy and a num- T HERE has been called to the ber of native clergy under him. In spite higher service one of. the devoted of the smallness of that force the missionaries of the American Board, Bishop's report for the year ending Rev. Charles, R. Hagar, M.D., who March 31, 1917, shows that moreC than sailed for China in 1883, and left 1,000 have been baptized and 860 were only when compelled by ill health in confirmed within that year. This is a 1910. His service was in the South remarkable showing for so small a force China field in Hongkong and Canton.

of workers and far exceeds what has Since his return to America he gave been accomplished in most parts of the himself in steadfast effort to the limit home land by a like number of clergy. of his strength for the Chinese and A great need for more clergy is ex- Hindus about him in Southern Cali- pressed by the Bishop." fornia. jI Fra~klin Spencer Spalding, Man and greatly succeeded. The intellectual evo- BIshop. By John Howard Melish. lution of the man is clearly evident from $2.25. The Macmillan Co., N ew York his letters to his parents. The biog- DR.1917. ' raphe~ has mad: wise choice of epistolary mateflaI. It IS easy to see in these MELISH, rector of Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, has warm intensely human letters to his given us a sympathetic biography of the mother and sister how, in the pastorate at Erie t~ere was human material by missionary bishop of Utah, whose tragic death in 1914 cut short the career of cthoentraacptiW~lIythmoartubryincgollmisiinodn with which of Spalding one of the manliest and most lovable men in American Episcopacy. Franklin was preparing for an approach to the Spalding was himself the son of a mis- social problem which could have made sionary bishop, his father's diocese in- him nothing less than a radical and cluding the States MofexicCoo. loraHdio~ social reformer. Wyoming and New Ev~n those who disagreed with Bishop mother, before her marriage to John ~pald~ng were ready to admit his perfect Franklin Spalding, was a devoted mem- sIncenty. But he was more than sincere~ ber of the Presbyterian Church. The He was tolerant. And however harsh Presbyterian strain in the Spalding blood the truth he preached, he preached it directed both of the Bishop's sons to lovingly. When men Were offended at Princeton. Franklin graduated in the certain sermons, his frequent course was Class of '87. He was known to mem- to go personally to his critics and talk bers of his own class as "Old Pop," an the matter over with them. When one abbreviation for "Old Popularity," per- of his vestrymen resigned because of a Labor Day a~dress which the employer haps a greater distinction than any merely academic honor. An athlete, a regarded as hkely to encourage strikes, solid rather than a brilliant scholar the rector courteously showed him that his were gifts of leadership due to moral the effect of the resignation upon the qualities-a keen sense of justice and man's own employees would be dis- sturdy courage. The ministry appealed tinctly disadvantageous to his business to young Spalding in its missionary and harmful to the community. The aspects. The prospects of work in China resignation was withdrawn. This was at first allured him. When finally he Spalding's way. His methods were entered the ministry, he chose work in never violent. He brought railing ac- difficult fields. cusations against no man or class of men.

After a brief experience as rector of Ardently and persistently he sought to a small church in Denver, Spalding show men the way to a better social taught in a boys' school in his father's order.

diocese. In 1897, he became rector of In 1904, Spalding was elected ~is­ St. Paul's Church, Erie, where for sionary bishop of Utah. There was seven years he labored to modernize and opposition to his confirmation, even as democratize an old and enfeebled con- there was to the confirmation of Phillips servative parish. Here he came into Brooks as bishop of Massachusetts and intimate association with the laboring upon practically the same sgouronudndi~' that the bishop-elect was not the classes and addressed himself to the task of binding them more closely to the faith. The opposition, however, did not church. Multiform as were his parish muster many votes.

activities, he could not forget that he had relationships to the community at large Bishop Spalding's work in the mis- and he strove to make them vital and sionary district of Utah, which com-

prised the State of Utah and parts of the body of Christ are to be justified, Nevada, Wyoming and Colorado, was we who profess and call ourselves Chris- almost incredibly hard. He traveled tians must have increasing care for the over all kinds of country, in all sorts of economic as well as for spiritual welfare ways, by railroad, stage coach, automo- of mankind. bile, horseback, bicycle and afoot. In his letters written on his suitcase as he Bishop Spalding was a broad church- waited for trains at w:ayside stations, or man who accepted the main results of in frontier hotel barrooms at night, he historical criticism, yet sturdily resisted gives vivid pictures of his tasks and the the extreme claims of destructive critics. He once declared he would like to write courageous manner in which he made a book to show 'that all the critics were wrong and that the fourth Gospel was full proof of his ministry. He writes: really the first and primary Gospel. "The "I'm at Echo, sitting on my grip, wait- fourth Gospel more than any other ing for the train for Park C~y where seemed to him to lead one into the real I am to preach to-night, spending the mind of Christ." His heart was on fire day calling on church people"''''*'''! called to make 'the church see that she must on twenty-five people and have still some cease to be the almoner of the rich and others to see this morning. They become the champion of the poor. His, haven't had service since Dean Eddie too, was a clear vision of Christ, as the came up last Spring. The little church Saviour of the individual. Because was crowded last night. I baptized one Christ was so much to him, other things baby yesterday, and am to baptize two -denominationalism, ecclesiastical dis- more after the communion service ta- tinctions, theological definitions, the so- called esthetics of worship-took sub- day." ordinate places. Though he had much to say about the rights and duties of His work was much like that of a man, the reality of God, the nearness of Methodist superintendent and circuit- God, the presence of God, was to him rider combined. He preached the Gospel life's most intimate and extensive fact. of good will with evangelistic fervor, "He was the manliest, most godly, and his tolerant and catholic Christian- knightly soul whom I have ever met," ity impelled him to cultivate the most fra- says Bishop Rowe, of Alaska. Collier's ternal relations with the representatives Weekly applied to him the title, "A of other churches. Not a few home mis- Man Who Succeeded." Dr. Melish sion workers in Utah objected to Bishop has given us a lifelike portrait of a bishop Spalding's attitude toward Mormonism. whom the whole church is proud to The Bishop believed that his usefulness claim. depended upon his trying to see the best in the Mormons. This is not strange, In Spite of the Handicap, An Autobiog~ for it seems to have been one of the pas- raphy. By James D. Corrothers, with – sions of his life to try to see the best in an introduction by Ray Stannard all classes and conditions of men. He Baker. George H. Doran Company, took four years to prepare a pamphlet 1916. $1.25 net. the purpose of which was to make the young and educated Mormons think. T HE problem of the negro race in America, in view of recent race Whether he succeeded greatly in that riots, seems to be far from solution. undertaking is not quite clear, but that Books like this will help the individual his sermons and lectures on the social reader to an understanding of certain problem succeeded in awakening the aspects of the negro problem not other- intelligent interest of an increasing num- wise easily gained. The difficulties ber of the clergy and laity of his church which confront the colored man in is little doubted. Not all thus affected America, both North and South, arising are able to follow Bishop Spalding's out of his relationship to his own people logic in the acceptance of a certain type of socialism, but he has helped many to see that if the claims of the church as as well as to the white race, are self admits, he has been too prone to both numerous and c:omplicated. Mr. change his field of labor. He easily Carrothers has spent most of his life in falls victim to the illusion of the far- the North. He is of mixed Scotch-Irish, the next field offers better pasture. Indian and negro stock. Born in a negro settlement in Cass County, Mich- On the whole this autobiography of igan, educated in the Northj his ex· one who is still comparatively young but perience has been both varied and event· who has lived deeply and drunk of sweet ful. His diverse occupations, ranging as well as bitter waters, affords ad- from blacking boots to preaching the ditional light to those who seek 1I sym- Gospel and writing poetry, have given pathetic understanding of the negro race in America in. OUr day. him opportunity to test the chances of the negro . in American civilization. The Students·o£ Asia. By G. Sherwood Eddy. 12 mo. 305 pp. 3s 6d net. Re- Pathetic IS the story of his early poverty ligious Tract Society, London.

and of hiS heroic efforts. to get an edu- T H!S study book is ftill of inspiracation. Whatever gifts, however, in the tIOn and enCbtiragemeht. :M1'. way of fortune Were withheld from him, Eddy's life in India and his visits to the one gift was not withheld-that of a Far East makes his estimate of their winsome personality, which accounts for present attitude towards Christianity the many generous friends who helped of greater value than that of almost anyhim on his way, among whom Miss one else. During a tour that extended Frances Willard was easily first. There over several months in India his audience is something in the negro temperament averaged 1,000 a· night, and during his which enables it, at the best, to make tour in Japan, 800 a night, and in China light of hardship and, if not to turn op- he addressed 200,000 students. From position into impulse, at least to rob Mr. Eddy we learn that the impossible adversity of half of its sting by enabling has happened, and that the younger the sufferer to see the humorous aspects generation and many of the older genof an otherwise tragic situation. There eration of the Chinese literati are eager is no other way to account for a practical to study the teachings of Christianity philosophy which is much commoner with a view to their acceptance. His than many think, which found its ex- experience convinced him that the repression some time ago in the title of a ligious appeal should take the f9rm of an book, "The Fun of Being a Negro." attempt to present the Christian message in a positive form and to avoid contro~ Mr. Carrothers writes his personal versy. Thus he writes with reference memoirs with a charming naivete. It to a special Mission held in Ceylon is no small thing to have had the friend- "many years ago." "Each day nonship of people like Henry D. Lloyd and Christian Hindus had been deciding for James Whitcomb Riley. (The latter Christ. Finally, the Hindu students was always open-eyed to the cardinal combined and practically challenged us qualities of geriius, hidden beneath to refute Hinduism. They said, 'Why however humble an exterior;) Mr. do you ignore our religiori? What is Corrothers has been equally rich in his the matter with Hinduism? Why canassociation with distinguished people of not Krishna save us?' When we exhis own race such as Frederick Douglas Hinduism-at least, to our own satisand Paul Lawrence Dunbar. The faction, there was not another convert heartbreaking difficulty of attempt to up- in that college; the whole of the comlift his own people is evident by Mr. munity was thrown on the defensive." Corrothers' experiences as pastor of several colored congregations. Perhaps Mr. Eddy makes an earnest appeal to it is one of the deficiencies of genius- missionary societies to help train those and Mr. Carrothers has marked genius who are to become China's teachers. in in literary gifts-that it lacks stability. yjew of the rapid spread of education, And the fact is, as Mr. Carrothers him-

The Red Rugs of Tarsus. By Helen Sons of Italy. By Antonio Mangano. Davenport Gibbons. 194 pp. Cloth 12mo. 234 pp. 60 cents. The Mis- $1.25. The Century Company, 1917. sionary Education Movement. 1917.

T HIS is a volume of much more than A World in Fennent. By Nicholas ordinary interest. The author, Murray Butler. 12mo. 254 pp. $1.25. spending the first year of her married Charles Scribner's Sons. 1917. life as teacher-missionary at the Amer- ican School in the birthplace of the Thirty Years with the Mexicans. By Apostle Paul, lived through the storm of Alden Buell Case. Bvo. 285 pp. $1.50. persecution that broke over the Armeni- Fleming H. Revell. 1917. ans in 1909, and in the hope that the story of one American woman's experi- Big Jobs for Little Churches. By John ence might bring home to other Amer- F. Cowan. 12mo. 160 pp. 75 cents. ican women and American men the hor- Fleming H. Revell. 1917. ror of recent massacres in Armenia she has sent out the letters written to her mother Apostles of the Belgian Trenches. By during that agonizing time. The very heart and life of the people of Tarsus J. Kennedy Maclean. Pamphlet. 92 pp. are shown in these letters, and in the midst of deepest disaster there are bright Marshall Bros. London. 1917. flashes of optimism on every page. While The Tribe of Z~mbe. By George H. separated from her husband and uncertain of his fate, her own situation be- Trull. 16mo. 85 pp. 50 cents. Board coming rapidly more desperate, she keeps of Foreign Missions Presbyterian her courage up by saying, "Don't break Church. 1917. down yet; wait for something worse. If you wait for real trouble, you are so busy Superintendents' and Teachers' Helps. there is no time to worry." There is By George H. Trull. For use With much that is helpful and stimulating in The Tribe of Zambe. 46 pp. 10 cents. these pictures of a people who have "kept Board of Foreign Missions Presbythe faith," and preserved their distinct terian Church. 1917. nationality when an easy path lay before them, had they been willing to turn from Foreign Missions Conference of North Christ to Mohammed. America. Twenty-fourth Annual Re- port. 347 pp. 30 cents. Foreign Mis- The Christian Movement in the Japanese sions Conference, New York. Empire. Edited by Edwin Taylor Igle- hart and a Board of Associate Editors. The Soul of France. By Reuben Sail- $2.00. Published in Japan, but handled lens. 5s net. Mor<!"an and Scott, Lon- in North America by the Missionary don. 1917. Education Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Protest and Progress. By Carolus P. Harry. 162 pp. 50 cents. Lutheran Students of missions and of the politi- Committee, Philadelphia. cal, economic and social conditions in the Far East who have the preceding four- My Life and Work. By Bishop Alexteen volumes need not be reminded of ander Walters. 8vo. Illustrated. $1.50 the value of this work. It is one of the Fleming H. Revell. 1917. absolutely indispensable books on the Far East, and literally packed with valuable Russia in Transformation. By Arthur information on a wide range of topics. J. Brown, D.D. 12mo. $1.00. Flem- ing H. Revell. 1917. NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND China from Within. Bv Charles Ernest MISSION LANDS Scott. 12mo. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell. 1917. Studies in Japanese Buddhism. By August Karl Reischauer. 8vo. 361 pp. The Legend of Lai-Chow. By Annie B. $2.00. The Macmillan Company. 1917. Gaston. Illustrated. 60 cents. Flem- ing H. Revell. 1917.

Presbyterian Pioneers in Congo. By William H. Sheppard. 50 cents. Pres- byterian Committee of Publication, Richmond, Va.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1917

WALPI-THE OLDEST OF THE HOPI INDIAN

The top of this Mesa is about five hundred feet above the valley and is accessable only by a narrow trail. 'The village was built in 1680

MISSIONARY

EVIEWt£ ~ ~~- = = = ~-~-~——– VOL. JULY, 1917 NUMBER SEVEN XL WOMEN'S WORK IN WAR T HE brunt of the burdens and sorrows of war does not by any means fall entirely on men. Women are bearing a very large share in the bereavements, the manufacture of munitions, the work in hospitals and camps, the financial sacrifice, and in many other forms of service. The moral and physical dangers also threaten women almost as seriously as they threaten men in training camps and in the trenches. Here are some saddening "facts not yet cold," published in the Y. W. C. A. Bulletin for June 3rd. They show the urgent need for preventive and saving moral and spiritual work among women: "In a Texas town where United States troops have been quartered are to-day two hundred 'war brides' (led astray by the soldiers)."

"Forty girls from one New Jersey factory have been dismissed from their jobs because of their condition due to war times.

"From a single High School in N ew York State forty-eight girl students have had to be dropped from the rolls. Soldiers were quartered near."

To meet the need of combating this and other evils which spread rapidly in time of war the Young Women's Christian Association has formed a "War Work Council." The President is Mrs. James S. Cushman, of N ew York; First Vice-President, Mrs. John R. Matt; Second Vice-President, Mrs. John Meigs; Treasurer, Mrs. Henry P. Davison, and Secretary, Miss Martha McCook. The Council has adopted a budget of $r,ooo,ooo, most of which will be spent in America.

The work will be directly for women and only indirectly for soldiers. About one-third of the money will be used in the communities near big army camps to erect buildings for soldiers' wives and families. An endeavor will be made to conserve the normal life of girls in sections where the thirty-two training camps of the Army are to be established. Most of these are to be found south of the Mason and Dixon line, since climatic conditions favor year round training. The War Council will also care for girls through organized clubs and recreation in mobilization centers, near munition factories, in towns where men will be brought together for long or short periods before being sent to training camps.

A third proposition has been made to the Committee from the European nations affected by the war, asking that American trained secretaries be sent to England, Russia, France and other countries for a limited time to pass on to European women who stand almost helpless before the responsibility for their young women, American methoas of work. This will require the sending of a number of secretaries. Already in response to this call two secretaries sent to Russia have arrived in Petrograd and are organizing Russian women to care for their own countrywomen.

This is the first time that work for women in war has ever been taken up so seriously and systematically by Christian women. It should be heartily supported by all who desire to combat the tide of evil forces that threaten men and women and children when war disturbs normal conditions and lets loose thet passions of mankind.

In church work the women have long been an almost dominating force; in world-wide missions they have taken an increasingly large share; among students and employed women they are doing a remarkable work; now they are organized for stemming the tide of immorality in war time.

THE FIGHT AGAINST INTOXICANTS T HERE is strong hope that the war will bring national prohibition in America. This is urged on economic grounds for the conser- vation of grain and alcohol, for the sake of efficiency in the army and navy, and on general principles by those who believe in no compromise with evil. The liquor dealers who, three years ago, were warning the farmers that prohibition would mean a trade loss of 3,000,000 bushels of grain used in the manufacture of strong drink, are now opposing legislation against such waste by arguing that last year only onethird of a million bushels was so used. It is easy to juggle figures to uphold an argument, but it is also easy to see the steady trend toward nation-wide prohibition. Last year made marked progress in this direction.

The Anti-Saloon League expects the year "nineteen-seventeen to be ever memorable in prohibition annals. The Supreme Court decision, sustaining the Webb-Kenyon act, was a challenge to the nation to destroy the liquor traffic as a menace to the public welfare. Congress immediately responded by enacting prohibition laws for Porto Rico, Alaska, the District of Columbia, the anti-liquor advertising and so-called bone dry acts, additional prohibition legislation for the Indians, provided

OF THE

$ I 0,000 extra for the Anti-Alcohol Congress, and added other important legislation. The Churches gave united support to the prohibition leaders in Congress, and are now asked to secure the passage of a resolution to submit national prohibition and other prohibition legislation. There is great need also to protect native races in Africa and other mission fields, and to pass the bills for prohibition in Guam, Hawaii and the Philippines."

The passage of the Hill-Wheeler bill in N ew York State gives to the people of the cities, by petition of one-fourth of the voters in any city except New York, the right to vote on the licensing of the sale of alcoholic beverages.

Suppression of the liquor traffic among Indians has been one of the most noteworthy accomplishments of the Department of the Interior during the regime of the present Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Cato Sells. The Indian is an especially easy prey to the demoralizing effects of liquor, so that a campaign has been waged against everything producing an effect of intoxication, not only whiskey and beer but extracts, peyote, mescal and tulapai. The fines for violation of liquor laws have met the cost of enforcing these laws; among employees in the Indian service the drink habit is now considered cause for dismissal.

The whole Dominion of Canada has just been in the throes of a campaign for Dominion Prohibition. Almost all of the Dominion is now dry. The only exception is the province of Quebec, which is more than 80 per cent. dry, having 976 dry municipalities and 182 wet ones. The leading temperance body in Canada, Dominion Alliance, has a branch in every province. All over the Dominion meetings are being held and parliament is being stirred to action. The Government is being asked to make prohibition effective at least during the' war, with provision for a plebiscite after the close of hostilities. From each of the dry provinces reports come that the law is enforced with the usual benefits resulting.

South America has never been considered very fruitful soil for moral reforms but now Uruguay is joining in the fight against strong drink. Women are working hard to make the country dry. Realizing that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain complete success at once and that the movement requires a starting point, they are asking for a law closing saloons and wine shops on Sundays and holidays. An organization, called the Anti-Liquor Women's League, addressed the Uruguayan Congress, urging the adoption of such a measure. The document is unusually strong and shows how closely the Uruguayan women have followed the prohibition movement all over the world.

May it not be that from the crucible of war will come a larger realization of democracy, a new international spirit of brotherhood, a new consciousness of the sin of compromise with drink and immorality and a new standard for giving of men and money and service in worldwide missions?

MORALS AND RELIGION IN PANAMA T HE importance of Panama to the commercial world only empha- sizes its importance as a strategic religious center. Its small popu- lation is more than balanced by the fact that people from all parts of the world there are influenced in their religious and moral life. The West coast of South America and all Central America is being brought more and more into contact with the Isthmus. Practically all the soldiers of the United States Army sooner or later see service in Panama. Civilian employees of the Canal Zone come and go frequently. This makes the religious work difficult, but multiplies its importance. It impels the attention of the Christian world to the awful vice conditions existing on the Isthmus, and challenges the help of all.

The Rev. S. G. Inman, Secretary of the Committee on Co-operation in Latin America, has recently visited the Isthmus and has investigated the conditions existing among the Panamanians, North Americans, West Indians, United States soldiers, and club houses, in the cities of Panama and Colon. The Zone towns of Ancon and Cristobal are only across the street, and so many Americans visit them that their moral problems cannot be separated. The West Indian negroes live and work in both sections. The problem of the Spanish-speaking population of the RepuDlic can be seen from conditions in its capitol city. The Canal Zone itself is protected morally by strict laws, with military enforcement. The terrible dens of vice in Panama and Colon are, however, more largely patronized by Americans than by any others. Thus the whole moral problem is one, though with as many different approaches as there are people. Mr. Inman quotes the following letter as illustrating the way Ameri- can young men go down on the Zone: "You will be more pained than surprised to learn that I am at present in Sta. Tomas Hospital recovering from the effects of another awful debauch. It seems as though I cannot control myself and I have come to the conclusion that I am rapidly developing into one of the many derelicts that frequent the tropics. I am a hopeless failure, an undesirable, and have exhausted all my possibilities. I earnestly.beg of you to intercede in my behalf with Gov. Harding and secure transportation for me to N ew York. It will make little difference to me whether I have to work my way or not. The main point is that I want to get away from here before it's too late-be only too glad to get away on Wednesday, the 25th, steamer. I'm thoroughly sick of it all. I need different surroundings, a different atmosphere, and what is most important, the restraining influence of a loving mother. I know deep down in my heart that three months at home will see in me a changed and better man."

In spite of these conditions there is only one ordained missionary doing work in the language of the people in the whole Republic of

Panama-this is Mr. Portz of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Panama owes its very existence to the United States. And when one sees what has been done in the way of physical sanitation for that republic, he is delighted, but when he finds that practically nothing has been done for the spiritual welfare of the people, then he realizes the great neglect by American Christians.

Panama may become a moral menace to the world. The people need Christian education. A Union Christian College would help .to educate the people, not only in that republic, but would also reach the five republics of Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. In all of these eight republics there are only two mission schools that go beyond the 6th grade. Panama City also needs a Y. M. C. A. which could do for it many things that are furnished by various philanthropic and governmental agencies in North American cities, such as-libraries, playgrounds, popular lectures, night classes, etc., but which are entirely lacking in Panama.

We should help elevate Panama, morally and spiritually. The 8,000 soldiers who are now there will soon be augmented to 25,000. These soldiers are the largest patrons of the immoral district of Pan- ama. The United States Army even keeps a soldier guard in the dis- trict in order that drunken soldiers and the Panamanian police may not have trouble. The conditions are about the worst in any part of Latin America, but a strong, constructive Christian work would greatly change the moral atmosphere of the community and make better coilditions possible.

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS IN CHINA T HE shadow of coming events in China is sometimes dark and ominous and again, gives promise of victory for Christian ideals. The political turmoil is due to the absence of a strong central government and the lack of experience in democratic methods. Eleven out of eighteen provinces are reported to have revolted against the Peking government. Some wish for war against Germany; others demand peace. The great need is for strong, wise leaders who can command public confidence. The greatness of China, however, makes unity very difficult. The report on June 15th was that General Chang Hsun is practical dictator of China, President Li Yuan-Hung being little more than a figurehead. There is a rumor that general Chang Hsun will attempt to restore the Manchu dynasty but there is little possibility of success in such a move as the Chinese have had a taste of power and independence.

The present need is for strong Christian leaders like C. T. Wang, formerly the General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in China, and then president of the Senate and chairman of the Constitutional Committee. Mr. Arthur Rugh writes of a recent visit to Mr. Wang in Peking:

"Yesterday he was presiding over the joint session of the two houses of Parliament drafting the national Constitution, and today 'we sat wrestling with the problem of China's students. I asked his judgment on a certain man for the secretaryship. He said, 'He will be a hard man to get but we will pray for him.' I was glad that the drafting of China's Constitution is led by a man whose natural instinct when facing difficulties is to ask God what to do next."

Some of the future leaders of China are being trained in Tsing Hua, the American Indemnity College. The 550 students are a splendid body of men, selected by rigid examination without fear or favor, from all China. About fifty of them are Christians. Most of the other 500 are far from the Kingdom, but easily led.

The conflict as to the place that Confucianism shall have in the state is still unsettled. Rev. Paul Hutchinson, of Shanghai, commenting on the motion in the Chinese Senate to make Confucianism the state religion, which failed of passage, says: "With the exception of a few members of the literary dass, Confucianism has slight hold upon China. And the Senate, when it failed to adopt the proposed state Church, showed that the ancient philosophy is not to be degraded into a political instrument for the embarrassment of Christianity, which, in its many indirect influences, has done so much to produce the republic of China."

A CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES O NE has but to visit the Philippines to realize the progress made since they were released from the rule of the friars. The out- look for Protestant missions has become much more encouraging of late because of the attitude taken towards them by many of the most prominent men in the Islands. At the recent annual meeting of the Evangelical Union of the Philippines, Manuel Quezon, president of the senate, formerly resident commissioner in the United States, said: "We welcome your missionary enterprise most sincerely. We desire for it the largest possible development and expansion, believing it makes for a more virile race and for an advanced type among Filipinos, both intellectually and progressively."

Mr. Quezon's successor as commissioner to the United States, Teodoro Yangco, is known as the outstanding philanthropist among Filipinos, a man deeply interested in the Young Men's Christian Association and other activities for young men. "Mr. Quezon urged me to study the Bible," Mr. Yangco told the Union, "because Bible study is the underlying secret of American philanthropy. He declared that business men of America have been launched into all kinds of philanthropic effort in behalf of their fellow men because America is a land where the Bible is honored and read." This is the land where twenty years ago the Bible was an unknown book to the people and where there was no religious liberty.

COMMENT

QUESTIONS RAISED BY THE WAR T HE first impulse as one views the present world conditions, after nineteen centuries of Christian teaching, is one of exasperation. Why should men use all their God-given skill in concocting schemes to destroy their enemies? Why should the flower of the young manhood of Europe and America be sacrified by wholesale slaughter while women work and mourn and little children weep and starve? Why should a few leaders in a nation determine on a program that involves the multitudes in financial burdens and untold suffering? It seems that a more wise and unselfish program would mean peace and prosperity. Why appeal to brute force when this appeal can never by itself determine or establish righteousness? Have men learned nothing in· four thousand years as to a satisfactory way to settle disputes? One is almost tempted to wish for a modern Elijah to call on God's fire-bolts to destroy evil, as with the sons of Zebedee we ask: "Shall we call down fire from heaven and destroy those who follow not with us?"

But a second thought comes as one looks over the struggling world today. It is that of humiliation and shame. Have Christians so imperfectly shown the power of their Master's love and ideals that men have not recognized the "better way?" Those who bear the name of Christ now live in every land and include one-third of the human race. Have we been so weak and imperfect that we have not commended the love and secret of peace that the Son of God came to reveal and make possible? Has the Church really been a failure? Have Christians been unable to represent Christ? Have the missions and revivals which have been boasted features of the past century been less powerful than socialism and finance in affecting the world? Why have Christians been unable to exert a more constructive influence on national life ? Is it because we have not taken seriously enough our allegiance to Christ and His standards? There is reason for humiliation.

Following on this comes almost a feeling of hopelessness. Who or what is sufficient for the reformation of the world? The heathen nations laugh as they see the "Christian" continents filled with contending armies. The European nations have put an end to piracy and tribal wars in the South Sea Islands but are now engaged in tribal wars on a vastly larger scale. Germany has linked arms with the retrogressive Turks. Russia is a seething caldron. Britain and America are still cursed with strong drink that is destroying more men than shrapnel and bullets. Men wilfully oppose that which makes for their peace. When and what will be the end? Is a cataclysm to mark the twentieth century? Is this pessimism or is it facing the facts? Nowell-informed man can doubt the

truth contained in the charges against Christendom that give rise to the feelings of exasperation, of humiliation and of hopelessness. From a human standpoint the outlook is dark and the best of men can only set faces like a flint and contend for the right, hoping for final victory. But Christians have a brighter outlook, a better ground of hope. This world war is a test of faith and of character. God rules and is 'working out His purposes. These world conditions were foreseen and pro- vided for in His program. Men must learn their lessons from hard experience and be brought by suffering into harmony with the divine ideals and program.

So the growing feeling of Christians in view of the world war is a stimulated hope and renewed zeal. This is the storm before the clearing, the darkness before the dawn, the forerunner of the coming Kingdom. Nations must learn the hopelessness of Godless programs; men must recognize God and His laws. There is no hope in militarism or in pacifism, in autocracy or in democracy, in centralized power or in Socialism, in a league of nations or in individualism. Our hope is in God-in a theocracy. "Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord." It is worth while to live in a time when God's program is being worked out-but it is important to be for and not against Him.

There are signs that God's program is being worked out. Note the breaking down of those human forces and plans in which men have placed the most confidence-money and diplomacy, science and commerce, secular education and philosophies. In place of being servants these ha~e become masters; instead of being used as highways they have been sought as goals. But there are signs of better things in the new spheres of service and reform brought forward by the war; in the demand for the abolition of strong drink and other social evils. Selfishness is being revealed in its hideousness and sacrifice in its nobility.

Another stimulating thought suggested by the war is the reasonableness of God's requirements. The devotion that men have said was impracticable toward Christ and His Church are unquestionably expected from citizens in serving their country. To-day men forsake wife and family, surrender business and fortunes, devote talents and life itself to advance their country's cause. Men are expected to show their colors, to give prompt and unquestioning obedience, to go to the ends of the earth regardless of the hardships, privations and dangers due to disease or lurking foes. Where a thousand men and a million dollars were deemed exorbitant taxes on the resources of the Church in the cause of Christ, a million men and a billion dollars are voted without hesitation at the call of country. One result of this war must be that Christian men will never again be content with small things and half-hearted service in the cause of Christ. If a college can send nine-tenths of its students into training for the army and navy, is one-tenth too many to send into the ministry? If men will leave positions paying twenty-five hundred a

year for the salary of a soldier at one-tenth that amount, will they consider a man foolish or noble to make a similar sacrifice in the service of God and humanity? If Congress can raise two billions for war in one budget, will men be impoverished by giving a tenth of their incomes to Christian work? If parents will unhesitatingly give sons and daugh- ters at the call of patriotism, will they hesitate to do the same at the call of God?

It is a time to pray that in the stress and strain of war we may learn the lessons to be translated into life in times of peace. "He must reign until He hath put all enemies under His feet."

A TIME OF TESTING P ROSPERITY and adversity are both times in which the qualities of men and women are tested. The war is sifting out the weak from the strong, the selfish from the generous, the foolish from the wise, the traitors from the patriots, the devilish from the Christlike.

Men are still living in ease while their brothers and sisters in France, Belgium and Poland are homeless and starving. Thousands are spending time and money in thoughtless gaity while their fellow men in Syria, Armenia and Persia are hounded and harried like sheep at the mercy of savage wolves. Even generous-hearted Christian men and women are becoming absorbed in the question of autocracy 'Vs. democracy, of a battle of nations and the physical sufferings resulting from the war, while they forget, or do not see, that the only solution for political problems is submission to the authority of God and that greater and even more awful than physical sufferings are the results of spiritual famine and moral degradation.

This war is a testing time. It tests men's powers of 'Vision. Can we see only the suffering near at hand in the cities where we dwell, or have we a horizon as large as the abode of man and glasses that bring into view the famine-stricken hordes of Asia and Africa? Is our vision limited to physical need, or do we look with the discerning eyes of Christ? Can we see the famished and sin-scarred souls as well as the el11aciated and battered bodies?

The war is testing men's powers of hearing. Some are moved by the drumbeat and bugle call, but not by the cry of the children of France and Belgium_ Some hear the call for volunteers for military service on the battlefields of Europe, but have never heard the call for volunteers to serve the multitudes on the frontiers of civilization. Some have ears for the President's message but none for the Lord's commission.

The war is testing men's power to love. The love of self strives for mastery with the love of humanity; the love of personal security is set over against the love of country; the love of a popular cause is set

over against the love of Christ. This is a time to discover whether love is an empty boast or if it is a reality leading to the giving of self and of substance to the Cause. In the Christian life the call is not to "enlist or invest," but "enlist and invest." Love is proved by giving.

The war is a test of strength-physical and spiritual. How many brave young hearts have been rejected because of physical weakness; and how many fine young soldiers have fallen into vice that has de- stroyed their ability to serve their country and their God and has de- stroyed body and soul. Happy the JIlen who have found their strength in God and in obedience to His laws.

The war is a test of ideals. Not only are political ideals and mili- tary ideals being weighed in the balance in Russia and Germany, Greece and Turkey, China and America, but many are reshaping their ideals of church organization and interdenominational service. Is Christ really to be men's perfect pattern and are His principles to be accepted as best for mankind, or is either socialism or militarism to be the basis of human institutions? Where do you get your ideals, from the Creator or from the creature?

The war is testing remedies. Some look to internationalism for the cure for world-ills, and others to philosophy or materialism. Christians know that Christ offers the only cure for the disease that is destroyingthe world; He is the only power that can overcome the forces of evil; He is the only center that can unite all factions; He is the only commander who can lead on to permanent and blessed victory; He alone can inspire and empower men to live spotless and sacrificial lives.

If these things are true, what are His followers going to do in this time of crisis? Can we allow His work to suffer? Thousands of His ambassadors are at the frontiers of His Kingdom-shall they be deserted? Millions of dollars have been invested-shall the investment be lost because funds are not forthcoming to make use of the equipment? Doors are open, and men in China, India, Persia, Africa, and South America are eager to hear and to see what Christ can do for men in times of crisis. Shall His followers fail while patriots are giving their all ?

This is a testing time. The British are standing the test and are giving largely to maintain their missions. Shall American Christians fail? We believe that they will not, but will accept the great opportunity of today and meet great responsibility by great sacrifices. What was said of Christ is true of his followers: "He saved others-himself he cannot save."

The strength of the horne base of supplies has determined the succ~ss or failure of practically every great war in h<istory. In the conquest of this world for Jesus Christ the determining factor from the human side is the strength or weakness of the home base-the churches of Jesus Christ.

and Death in the Trenches*

BY THE REV. JOHN KELMAN, D.D., EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND Chaplain in the British Army and Pastor of St. George's United Free Church, Edinburgh I T has been my privilege to spend many of my days during the last months just behind the trenches in France either in the hospitals among the men who have been wounded on the firing line, or in the huts, dugouts, or trenches with the officers and men. Thus I have been able to share, as much as a man can who is not a combatant, the life of those who stand between us and destruction.

This has been the most wonderful experience of my life. Every vestige of artificiality is stripped off from men as they are drawn close to the tremendous realities which are the bed-rock of human life. I thank God for the experience, especially for the revelation of human nature, and how magnificently it can rise to desperate occasions.

The British front is now about one hundred and twenty miles long. When the war broke out we were utterly unprepared. We had neither men nor guns nor ammunition that could stand against the forces sent against us. In many places where guns were set we answered twentyfour hours of bombardment with only three shells, and we held the enemy's forces back from Calais to the sea with a single trench, without a reserve. We were hopelessly, most appallingly unprepared, but we did the best we could. It was that old fighting army, with the old bulldog grip, that held through those ghastly months till they' went down and under, that saved the situation.

Today all is different. Along the hundred and twenty mile front, the depth of this army is at least ten miles (and often more) back from the trench. Every field has a British camp on the right and another British camp on the left. As for guns, they are innumerable. It is said that artillery could stand along the hundred and twenty miles, wheel touching wheel along the whole stretch of it, and still leave plenty for the beginnings of a second line.

And yet all my time at the front I have only seen two guns, and they were visible only because I knew the gunners and was allowed to see them. They are concealed, in the most amazing manner by scene painters from theatres, and artists who paint canvases to .represent the grass and mud and trees. The guns of the enemy are trained along the whole line of Armentiere on certain gaps in the walls, so that workmen going to work, or soldiers passing, come into the direct line of fire. So these gaps are filled with canvases, painted so that there seems to be no breach at all, and men can pass without being seen.

* From an address delivered in New York City at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, May 11, 1917. .

The bombardment is continual. My ground was the salient of Ypres, now known universally to the British soldier as "Wipers." Not a single roof or /loor but is penetrated by shell down to twelve miles south of Armentieres, to Arras and Bethune. One day in Ypres, for some unknown reason, 1,300 shells were fired into the square. One knocked out seven or eight of the horses of the transport; after that the square was cleared and since then no British troops have been allowed to pass through. In the city behind the square, the Y. M. C. Alive, underground.

THE AIR-CRAFT SERVICE In the aircraft service there remains the last vestige of the ancient chivalry of war. Though the risks are perhaps less than in any other arm, yet they are horrible when you think of the height at which the battles are fought.

One day a plane of ours was up, when there swooped down from nowhere a Fokker of larger size, and poured a volley of shot into the petrol tank, setting it on fire. The flames reached up the hand and arm of the pilot and his observer took the fire extinguisher, crawled along one of the canvas wings, and, balancing himself two thousand feet above ground, played upon the flame and checked it. The pilot, in spite of his burned arm and hand, tilted and volplaned till he righted her, came down on the field, and the two men walked home together.

These things are happening every day. The ancient chivalry survives in the air service. If one of our famous air plane men is knocked out, the fleet of the German air planes comes over and drops a wreath upon his grave, and the next day our /leet goes back to the German lines with a letter of thanks.

The boys who go up in the air planes are splendid fellows, young, fresh, steady of nerve and absolutely fearless.

There are five and a half million of our boys now in the fight or preparing for it. We promised the French 120,000 and we have given them forty-seven times the number. All "the best and noblest lads t~at we have managed to rear this generation are there in the great melting pot of the war, and in the great crucible of the future many things are being transformed. Men meet as brothers, bound together not unly by a common service of the highest and noblest kind, knit together by a common sacrifice and suffering in which man is heart to heart with man. The manhood of Britain mingling there is learning loyalty. The exconvict is sharing the same bell-tent with the student of divinity; and it is a very good thing for the student of divinity, whatever it may be for the ex-convict.

A NEW HUMANITY The new circumstances in which we have placed ordinary men have induced an entirely new humanity. We all know what it feels like to

AND DEATH IN THE TRENClIES

be twenty-two. The boy has done with schooldays, and has suddenly assumed a man's responsibilities. Then all of a sudden this lad, with the burden of the world on his shoulders, finds himself transformed into No. 595,214. Yesterday he was the idol of his mother, his best girl thought he was everybody and his little brothers and sisters worshipped him. Today he is nobody at all, a unit in the machine of war. The government feeds him, clothes him, wakes him up in the morning and puts him to bed at night; tells him what he must eat and what he must not drink, what he must do and where he must be, and if it lets him loose for an hour or two the government watches carefully that he comes back on time. He counts for nothing at all but the sheer weight of his human worth, and he knows it. So the heart of your soldier is transformed by his enlistment into the heart of a little child. His sins are crude and primitive, and his virtues crude and primitive also, sins of passion, virtues of splendid impulse, with a great child for the man- agement of both.

N ever was anything more cruel in appearance, more amazing in result-the heart of a little child set down among the dreariness of the trenches. That is something to make your heart bleed. The musketry and the shrapnel, the wet mud in your eyes so that you can hardly see, mud in your mouth till you can't tell the difference between beef and mutton, mud in the soul of you till everything looks drab, and the whole world the color of khaki, mud in the heart of you till you grow stupid with it all, and all the brilliance of life fades away and leaves you benumbed-the dreariness of the trenches!

Then, added to this is the horror. I am not going to describe it, but I give you my word that the horror of a great war is beyond all imaginable things, and the worst thing you have heard of does not come within miles of the experience.

From the point of view of psychology, there is much that is of great interest at the front. When you have enlisted your soldier you have changed the psychology of the important lad into that of a little child, starved him with dreariness, and made an old man of him with loneliness till you dread to look into his eyes. Men long just to touch each other's sleeves, so that we have difficulty to make them march in open order.

Add to that the strange psychology of death. For most of us, death strides into common life spectral and full of the old evil mist of the macabre, with hideous suggestions of the mere physical side, with the tremors of the spectral associated with death, and with a great authority and power. Overawed by his terrific might, irresistible by poor mortals, we took death for a magnificent thing and thought him great. At the front we are never out of whistle of him. I have never spoken to a congregation of men who would be all alive in a fortnight, seldom to any group who would be all alive in three days. The graveyard was waiting for them. I have looked over the periscope of my

trench across a "no man's land" where 500 corpses in khaki had lain for five months. When death stares into your eyes then you know death and find out his sham. I have met many atheists back at the base, where the fellows relax and have a safe time. But it is curious how their boasted atheism recedes as you approach the firing line, and on the fire-step 1 have never yet seen it. There men understand that death is not a final thing, that it is merely an incidental thing, and behind that parapet of death there lies a "no man's land" in which they will find new service. Tommy, even when he i~ not religious, looking at the fact of death, finds faith in God and eternal life.

A friend of mine was killed. His sister in Edinburgh, a beautiful girl in body and mind, dreamed three days afterwards that she went to her brother, and found him in a big mess room with his companions. She said, "I thought you were dead 1" at that he flung back his head and replied, "Dead, no, we are only waiting for new uniforms, we are going to parade before the King." That, rightly understood, is the gospel of Christ in a sentence concerning immortality: "new uniforms to go before the King." Death has overshot itself, and familiarity has ended men's fear of it. Beyond their fatalism is a splendid character growing in the trenches. The courage of the men is beyond all speech. I think everybody that goes up there is afraid, but not of the thing he is expecting to fear. "When I first went up 1 was afraid 1 would funk it," some of them have said. It is the fear of fear. L have never found a man who was really afraid when it came to the point. Remember, they are not trained military men, brought up to work with gun and bayonet, but they are bankers, clerks, men of sedentary occupations, barbers, hair-dressers, masons, carpenters, salesmen in drapers' shops, suddenly placed in these new extraordinary conditions.

One night the men were told that they were to go over the parapet at three next morning. That is a terribly chilly hour to look forward to and few men slept that night. One poor boy when the hour came had collapsed. The rounding up officer after the charge was given, found the lad lying in the bottom of the trench, with his back pressed into the clay. There was no escape for the boy if found there j to be reported meant execution. So, being a great-hearted man, he picked the lad up, lifted him over the parapet and set him down in "no man's land." Three days later they heard bombs, and looking through the periscope saw that child, out with his pockets bulging with hand bombs, in a shell hole, bombing the front trench on his own account.

AN EXTRAORDINARY SITUATION I spent the last hours of the last year in an extraordinary situation. The general had given permission to hold a watchnight service with his troops in a little hut in the midst of dug-outs (small houses of iron, covered with concrete and then with sandbags), well within gun-

AND DEATH IN THE TRENCHES

shot of the enemy. It was a tragic place to cross because it was ,;the place where the Canadians met the first gas and left 7,000 on the field. The enemy have great microphones that hear great distances, so we went very gingerly, but about 120 fellows gathered there. With their rubber coats and steel helmets, and gas masks hanging in front, they wer,e packed like sardines, as I spoke to them of the love stronger than death. Before I finished the German guns were searching the wood and at last they came so near that it was unsafe to go on. After the bursting of one shell had knocked a bit out of the sentry box, we stopped the service. I stood at the door and shook hands and wished each one a Happy New Year. Never an eye quivered and never a hand shook of the whole of them as they went out into that death-searched wood.

I invited one magnificent-looking man, a boy of twenty-three, great broad shoulders, clear blue eye and rosy cheek to come to my dugout and talk with me. He sat on one bed and I on another, shells coming both ways, and through the night we talked. He had three bars across his chest, but nothing would induce him to tell about them. "I got them for running away," or "I got them because another fellow did something and they thoughtj it was me"-and that was all I could get for a time. At last he told me. The curtain of fire means that every gun within range concentrates on a section of trench, say half a mile long, fifty yards deep, and pours in every ounce of shell it can. On many days it sends five hundred thousand in these barrages. When the whole thing goes to pieces they lift the barrage, and put it forward fifty yards beyond where the barrage was last. In one of these attacks there was a German gun sidewise enfilading and doing havoc, and my man made up his mind that it must be silenced. He fixed his bayonet, went forward to the barrage, sprang into it, forced himself across the fifty yards of fire, fell his length twice and picked himself up, got to the other side and saw the gun emplacement, sprang into the gunpit, fought the gunner and killed him, spiked the gun, sprang out of the gun emplacement, ran back through the barrage under fire of the German machine guns, and came back to his own men, having rescued the lives of all that that gun endangered.

These things are being done, not by professional soldiers, but by everybody, and they are bringing out that magnificent courage which one did not believe existed in any land today. These are some of the fine things that war has done, amid its frightful record of evil things, and for these we are reverently grateful to our God.

THE VICES OF THE SOLDIERS These men have their vices. They are very profane. The tension of war, the strain of three years of it, needs a vent and finds a foolish one.

Then, drink tempts them, but drink is banished for miles back from

the front; other temptations assail them as they assail all masses of single men, and we hear foolish things said that are grossly untrue.

Venereal disease records are that in the home camps the average is less than in peace time, and at the front where I have seen something of these hospitals there were only 4,000 cases. When one remembers that the soldiers in France are well on to three million in number, these things are worthy of note. .

The thing that every mother feels most when her son goes into the war is that her child whose pure eyes have looked into hers unafraid, is going out into horrible experiences which will harden and brutalize him. But the effect of the horrible experiences of war on manhood depends entirely on the motive. If life is taken for a selfish end; if for evil designs these men had lost their consciences and incurred a stain of that sort then the stain would have been lifelong and their lives marred to the very end of time. But they have heard the' call of their country, the call of their homes, the call of their God in a righteous cause, and they obey this call. There is a great moral resilience when the motive is pure, and when men are doing these things for high ends they spring back from the evil things of the war and it all falls from them like a blood-stained cloak.

RELIGION AT THE FRONT The curious thing about the religion of the front is that it is mystical and visionary. A "revival" of religion at the front does riot mean what it meant when Mr. Moody went through the cities. It is not an increase of the knowledge of details of the Christian faith which will bring accession to the churches and Sunday-schools. These are mostly non-churchgoing men, not interested in the things of religion that interested us. But many a man at the front has learned for the first time what we mean when we preach. In the tense strain on his nerves he begins to see strange visions. I have met twenty or thirty cases such as the strange White Christ that goes through the ranks. One boy told me that when he was ordered over the parapet, Christ appeared to him and told him to keep smiling, and said, "As long as you keep smiling you are safe," and he went into three hours' bayonetting with a smile that must have been a more terrific thing than even his bayonet. He was never touched, and he believes to this day with absolute simplicity of faith that Christ kept His word.

Strange things are happening continuously. Make what you will of them. Many of these fellows have come, not by theology but by experience, into the vivid consciousness of Christ. They have seen the great tender hands of the Good Shepherd searching the wilderness for His sheep lost and far off, and I am sure he is finding them there.

What was Jesus Christ to them before-to most of them? A mighty ecclesiastic quite out of their line. To others, a figure two thou-

sand years, more or less, away and belonging to a special class. Now they are going through, so far as we can, suffering such as Christ did for the sins of men. In their experience of sacrifice today comes the great Christ of the Cross, and these men who once lived in self-indulgence realize suddenly that Christ is their brother.

What they will do with this experience, with this realization afterwards, depends on our wisdom in the Church. God knows whether we shall be able sufficiently to understand, to follow, and to rise to the tremendous occasion.

The patriotism that is going into this war has become more than a political thing. We have discovered that the heart of the Union Jack is a blood-red cross of sacrifice. All high ideals are founded on sacrifice; all gladness that is to be real joy knows the feeling of pain and of relief from pain. In love and in patriotism, if they are worthy and noble, there is the blood-red cross of sacrifice.

The nations have sacrificed much and have given of their dearest, and on that blood-red field the foundations of the new world of freedom are being laid.

2.000.000 DIED H,oOO,OOO DIED LAST YEAR IN HEATHEN LANDS LAST YEAR WITHOUT CHRIST IN BATTLE WE ARE RIGHTLY CONCERNED WHAT ABOUT THIS?

OVER THIS Fr()m t he Foreign Christian 11 issionary Socifty.

LIFE OR DEATH FOR TIME OR FOR ETERNITY JESUS SAID: I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE; HE THAT BELIEVETH IN ME, THOUGH HE WERE DEAD YET SHALL HE LIVE; AND WHOSOEVER LIVE AND BELIEVETH IN ME SHALL NEVER DIE. John 11 :25, 26.

OF THE NATIONAL WAR WORK

NEW Y. M. C. A . "HUT " AT PLATTSBURGH, N. Y

A Four Million Dollar Task Christian Work for the American Fighting Forces The greatest task that has e~)er been seriously undertaken by the A meriwn people is not the raising of an army or supplying them with lIlunitions and equipment, but it is the effort to overcome th e moral evils that accompany war. This article gives some idea of the task and how it will be undertaken.-EDITOR.

M EN enlisted in the fighting forces of the American army are away from home. They are exposed to new and subtle tempta- tions, and are without that moral steadying which comes through the atmosphere of home and church and through the accepted moral standards of social groups to which they have belonged. Forces of evil have long regarded men in uniform as fair prey, and deliberately lie in wait to entrap them. As a result, all too often "ruined manhood is the highest cost of war." It is to this problem in the large-the conservation of the moral forces of the hundreds of thousands of young men who are about to leave our homes and schools and churches, our shops, factories and offices to enter the camps and thence to go perchance to war-torn Europe-that the Young Men's Christian Associations are addressing themselves.

A million and more men are shortly to be under arms and in the training camps of the United States. The whole membership of the Association brotherhood in America has approximated only three-quarters of a million, and now almost over night the organization is called upon to minister to the multifarious needs of a far greater number of men and to render this ministry in centers where the Association equipment has for the most part hitherto been non-existent.

The task, while enormously great, is not a new one. The Associa~ tions co-operated in the work of the Christian Commission during the Civil War. During the years between 1865 and 1898 methods of Association work for regular army men and for militia men were weli tried

out in the United States and in Canada. During the Spanish-American War another large chapter was written in Association experience of this particular kind in the great camps in the South, in Cuba, Porto Rico and even in the Philippines. Thereafter Association work in the army and navy was put on a permanent basis and has been carried on ever since.

During the Russian-Japanese War and the South African War further significant endeavors were put forth far afield-through foreign secre- taries in Manchuria and through secretaries who went with the Canadian Contingent to South Africa.

With the outbreak of the European War, large plans were made by the Canadian Associations for work among their over-seas forces; the foreign secretaries in India made provision for following the Indian troops to Europe; new life came to the Associations in England through the challenge to a vast new service, while the misunderstandings with Mexico and the sending of large numbers of American troops to the Border brought the Associations of the United States into action for an effective enterprise. .

International and even world-wide in its outreach though the Asso- ciation movement has been, never before has it been called to such heroic and daring service as is now being rendered in Europe. In the 1,600 "huts" in the military camps of England, France, Egypt and else- where and in dugouts in the forward trenches along the fighting line, the Association is serving, while it is meliorating conditions in prison camps in every land where prisoners of war are now massed. No wonder the Rt. Honorable Mr. Asquith declares the Association to be "the finest thing in Europe."

THE WAR WORK COUNCIL In order to meet the vast new demands growing out of the entry of the United States into the war and the calling of great numbers of youth to arms, the International Committee, the State Committees and the local Associations have mobilized their forces, are co-operating and have unified their approach to the problem by the appointment of a National War Work Council under the chairmanship of Mr. William Sloane and with Dr. John R. Mott as General Secretary. During Dr. Matt's absence in Russia, as a member of President Wilson's special commission to that new Republic, Mr.- Fletcher S. Brockman, formerly national secretary of China and now Associate General Secretary of the International Committee, is acting for him. The National War Council consists of laymen, but it has a co-operating committee on religious work which is composed of leading evangelical clergymen. The Council has organized by arranging for Bureaus of Personnel, Materiel, Finance, Publicity, Physical Work, Educational Work, and Religious Work, and with departments corresponding to the six areas into which continental United States is divided in the administration of the United States War

A FOUR-MILLION DOLLAR TASK

Department, and also departments for the navy, for transport forces and for expeditionary forces.

The Co-operating Committee on religious work, of which Bishop Luther B. Wilson is chairman, * is to advise with the National War Work Council on the promotion of all its religious activities in the camps, on the selection, production and circulation of Christian literature, on the relation between the chaplains and the Association secretaries, on the choice of religious work secretaries, on the enlistment of clergymen and other religious speakers to visit training camps for addresses and personal religious interviews, and in general on all matters involving the correlation of its work with that of the churches.

The Religious Work Bureau of the Council is under the directorship of Rev. Robert P. Wilder, son of the founder of this REVIEW, while the Council's Committee on Religious Work Bureau consists of Mr. Ralph W. Harbison of Pittsburgh; Mr. James H. Post of Brooklyn and Mr. James M. Speers of Montclair, N. J. Dr. Robert E.

Speer is chairman of the Bureau's Committee on Christian Literature, Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of Rochester Theological Seminary, is Chairman of the Committee on Selection of Religious Work Secre- taries for the Camps, and Dr. J. Ross Stevenson of Princeton Theo- logical Seminary is chairman of the Committee on Selection of Speakers. The raising of the $3,000,000 first thought necessary for the pres- ent year was apportioned to the various states according to their probable ability, and this distributive load was largely accepted by the groups of Associations of the various states, certain states raising even more than their assigned sums. Already the three million dollars have been subscribed, while enlarging expenditures due to increased cost of materials and unexpectedly early calls for starting work in England and France for American troops has made necessary the raising of an additional million dollars for 19 I 7.

The secretaries for service in the training camps are being chosen from among the present employed officers of the North American Associations, ministers, professional and business men, upper class students of colleges, theological and other professional schools, who qualify on high physical, educational and social standards, who show leadership for work of this kind and have the sacrificial purpose. Men like the Rev. Dr. Charles W. Gilkey of Chicago, Professor Henry Wright, of Yale, and Professor O. E. Brown, of Vanderbilt University, are appointed as Religious Work Directors for the buildings at the various officers' training camps.

* Members are: Dr. Peter Ainslee, Baltimore, Md.; Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, Rochester, N. Y.; Dean C. R. Brown, New Haven, Conn.; Bishop Charles S. Burch, New York City; Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Bishop Earl Cranston, Washington, D. C.; Bishop Eugene R. Hendrix, Kansas City; Bishop William Lawrence, Boston, Mass.; Pres. W. D.

Mackenzie, Hartford, Conn.; Dr. William H. Roberts, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. Robert E.

Speer, New York City; Pres. J. Ross Stevenson, Princeton, N. J.; Dr. J. Timothy Stone, Chicago, III.; Dr. George W. Truett, Dallas, Tex.; Dr. James I. Vance, Nashville, Tenn.

MASSED MILITARY BANDS PRACTISING IN A ARMY Y. M. C. A. "HUT"

This work for men under arms has been fully authorized in an Executive Order signed by President Wilson, April 27th, in which he says: "The Young Men's Christian Association has, in the present emergency, as under similar circumstances in the past, tendered its services for the benefit of enlisted men in both arms of the service. This organization is prepared by experience, approved methods and assured resources, to serve especially the troops in camp and field. It seems best for the interest of the Service that it shall continue as a voluntary civilian organization; however, the results obtained are so beneficial and bear such a direct relation to efficiency, inasmuch as the Association provision contributes to the happiness, content, and morale of the personnel, that in order to unify the civilian betterment activities in the Army, and further the work of the organization that has demonstrated its ability to render a service desired by both officers and men, official recognition is hereby given the Young Men's Christian Association as a valuable adjunct and asset to the Service. Officers are enjoined to render the fullest practicable assistance and co-operation in the maintenance and extension of the Association, both at permanent posts and stations and in camp and field."

At least two hundred buildings will be required, each to serve a brigade and to have a staff of five secretaries. These buildings will provide large meeting rooms for religious services and for entertainments and concerts, correspondence facilities, rooms for Bible anG other educational classes, also games, pianos and phonographs.

As an evidence of what will be involved simply in supplying correspondence paper, it may be said that in a single Association building in England, soldiers have written 3,000 letters in a single twenty-four hours. It is costing the Canadian Association this year $60,000 to supply correspondence paper for their "huts" with their forces overseas. Yet, as one Canadian secretary says: "I challenge anyone to set a money value on what these millions of letters home have meant and will yet mean to the life of Canada."

A FOUR-MTLLTON DOLLAR

DR. F:XNER ADDRESSING UNITED STATE S TROOPS IN A Y. M. C. A. "HUT"

A hymn book is now in preparation for American men under arms, and will include not only the hymns long tested and widely accepted as Christian classics, but also certain of the newer songs of the type used by Mr. Alexander and Mr. Rodeheaver in great evangelistic campaigns. The books will also contain patriotic and fireside songs, and an effort will be made at every camp to have someone responsible for leading in a good night song before the men leave the Association building for their quarters.

Dr. Mott said shortly before leaving for ,R,ussia: "We assume that it is not necessary to emphasize that this whole undertaking should be a pronouncedly Christian and spiritual undertaking, because were it otherwise it would be without interest and appeal to all true Association leaders. Let us humbly, yet earnestly, desire and resolve to render a finer and more unselfish service to Christ and the Churches than ever before through bringing all our energies and means to bear in a prompt, efficient and truly worthy way upon the lives of the one million and more men who are gathering under the colors."

SOME RESULTS The experiences on the :Mexican Border and in Europe have proved the need and the efficiency of this work for the soldiers. The following letters speak more effectually than hours of theoretical argument. The following comes from a secreta ry on the Mexican Border: You ask what men want when living under conditions such as are encountered here. First, of course, they need the creature comforts. When our NO.4-Stewart Building was burning one of the men who had

made large use of the building was heard to remark: "There goes the only place of comfort in the whole camp." Another said: "It was the nearest thing to home we had." Tears were to be seen in the eyes of many when they realized that" the best substitute for home they had was a thing of the past.

The millions of letters written from our buildings indicate how much the men feel the need of the privilege of correspondence tables and supplies. When the day's work is over and time hangs heavily, our moving picture and amateur vaudeville entertainments have filled the need for as many men each night as could possibly crowd into our 4ox80 buildings. The yearnings to be seen on the faces of the hun- dreds of young fellows who crowd to our counters each day to just talk .things over with the secretaries show the great need for fellowship and friendship. Perhaps the greatest need of all has been shown to be the strictly religious one as the men have seemed to realize that here was the one thing that would furnish them help to withstand the evil in- fluences felt on every hand. The first man of Pershing's expedition who came into Building NO.3, Camp Stewart, said: "My name is Quigsbey. I have just returned with the Punitive. Do you have any Bible classes or any other religious services here? I'm very anxious to get into something of that sort again after so many months across the Border. It seems mighty good to be back where we can have these opportunities again."

Any man in Christian work knows how difficult it is to reach the average man religiously in his home environment. Even with the best of speakers and the most complete organizations, but very small percentages usually make definite Christian decisions. Order these same men in large groups to the Border for Army service and we find an entirely changed set of conditions to meet. All the blocks and anchors that hold men at home are gone. The down-pull of vice and temptation is greater than ever and so much more difficult to cope with because of the absence of the usual restraining influences. Under such conditions all kinds of vice show their faces in more gaudy colors and in ways intended to be more attractive to the average man.

You know how keenly we have always felt that a definite organization is necessary for a religious meeting under ordinary conditions. Personal workers are scattered through the audience and every mechanical means we have been -able to devis!;! has been put in practice. Here on the Border the possibilities and requirements have been entirely different. We have not had the personal workers to use in the first place, and had they been here they could not have found their way among the men because of the crowds at our meetings. Many times the speaker has had hard work to find foot space on the platform for his own ust:. But notice the difference. Back home if we secure a few decisions with all our machinery we feel that a great thing has been accomplished. Here after the singing of two or three hymns, or perhaps the playing of

A FOUR-MILLION DOLLAR TASK 50S

some selections by one of the bands, the speaker delivers his message and gives the invitation. The signature cards are passed to the men in the front rows, who in turn pass them to the men further back. There is a time of much confusion and crowding while the signatures are being made. Pencils are furnished to some, while others are able to reach the pens on the writing tables along the sides of the building. Instead of getting back of something or hiding around the corner as though the act was something to be ashamed of, the remark has been frequently heard: "Turn around Bill and let me use your back," and men are seen AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE Y. M. C. A. AT AN ARMY BASE HOSPITAL all through the audience signing their cards on the backs of their seat mates. After the cards are signed they are handed back by the men themselves to the speaker. A prayer is offered and the meeting dismissed, and then for the next ten or fifteen minutes the speaker is thronged with men anxious to shake his hand and to thank him for the helpful message he has just given them.

We have attempted an elaborate follow-up work in connection with the men who have signed cards at these meetings. Our secretaries have found almost invariably that as they go to a squad tent to find one of the men whose name they have, the fellow immediately comes to the question at hand and is open and ready for a frank discussion of his own personal problems.

Thousands of Testaments have been distributed, and whoever

heard of men lining up as they have here in front of the Association counter and asking for copies of the Word of God!

We have tried to analyze this great difference in attitude and believe the fact that men are living in the mass rather than as individuals has something to do with it. The Association helped large numbers of fine young fellows to lead clean lives while on the Border, even though they have not been definitely reached religiously. This preventative work constitutes perhaps the Association's greatest service, although much less spectacular than certain definite features.

Here is one out of many incidents: Private D–, of E. Boston, was on the Border in October, 1916, with the 9th Massachusetts Infantry. He frequently called at our Army Y. M. C. A. shack in camp as there was no other place to go. We held a brief religious meeting in the building every night at 6.30. It was on October 26, 19 I 6, in one of these meetings that a great flood of self condemnation came over him for long ignoring the love of a devoted mother. He told me that for four years he had lived within ten minutes of his mother, but during that time had never let her once see his face. After the meeting this night he was invited to my office in the end of the building and there he told me his story, which was one of neglected opportunities, gambling, drinking and loose living. I soon saw that an awful burden was crushing him because he had so terribly wronged his pure mother by the manner of his living. In a brief time I was able to show him that One higher than his mother was the one he had abused and sinned against. He was easily brought to see that it was not his earthly mother, but his Heavenly Father against whom he had really transgressed. We at last went to our knees by the old rough table in the room and he tried to pray. The effect of his anguish and distress was shown in the tears that fell and he was trembling from head to foot. When we arose I looked squarely into his splendid face and plainly saw that which delighted my heart. He went to his tent but again had a struggle with himself when he thought of the opposition before him with his associates in camp. The next day was all hustle and excitement as the troops were leaving for home that night, but he came around to the building the second time before he found me at three in the afternoon and with delight said: "It's absolutely all right with me! The boys have our car all tanked up with booze but I told them frankly 'nothing doing' with me. I also told them of my resolutions of last night. Have written Mother telling her that we reach Boston on Sunday and I want her to be ready to go to church with me. It will be the best day of her life!" He wanted introductions to Association men which I took to his train later, together with reading matter and some games. As his train pulled past Camp, I said: "My investment in Army Y. M. C. A. work sure pays big dividends."

P hoto by Curl1ey

LOLA KANTI- A HARV EST WOMEN'S DANCE Th is "Daske t Dance" is a kind of th anksgiving fes t ival at whi ch t rays of f ood a re given a way. T he hai r do n e up in " squash blossoms" sliow~ th e central gi rls· to be of marriagea ble age The Hopi Indians and their Religion BY THE REV. LEE I. THAYER, KEAMS CANON, ARIZO NA Missionary of the Am er ic an Baptist Home Mission Society C ORONADO was the first of the Conquistadores to visit the Hopi villages. Some 2,500 Indi ans occupying ten villages now live much as they did when Coronado first saw them in 1540. They are officially known as the "Moqui," i. e., "Dead," because they do not love to fight, but they call themselves the "Hopi," i. e., the "Good," or "Peaceful." Th ey are the "passive r esisters" among the Indians. This year the government put into operation at Hotaville the last of the day schools, providing school opportunities for every Hopi child, but the pupils had to be brought in by force . Even the U. S. Census of 1910 did not include this village. They oppose every effort tending to undermine their religion, as they believe their rain-making ceremonies alone stand between themselves and starvation.

These Indians are sometimes called "Natural Christians" from the fact that they are kind and hospitable and "not soon angry." One who knew them but superficially would think them truly "without guile." Anger is considered a sin and murder is unknown. They would rather tell a lie than to hurt one's feelings by telling the truth.

They are quite industrious and frugal. When not engaged in some

Photo b)' Curney THE INTERIOR HOPI INDIAN HOUSE The corn is piled up like wood. These Indians try to keep on hand a two-years' supply to provide against drouth religious ceremony, the men are busy with flocks or fields or some productive work at home. In spare hours the women are busy with basket-making or pottery, while the men occupy themselves with carding and spinning wool, weaving blankets, making moccasins, or sewing, for the men keep up the family wardrobe. Maize furnishes 80 per cent. of their diet and is served in at least 20 different styles. They live in an arid region at an altitude of 6,000 ft. so that they have little water for irrigating, but by dry farming they make a crop of corn, beans, melons, squashes and peaches. When sugar is scarce, or for ceremonial purposes, the meal may be sweetened by chewing in the mouth, thus converting the starch into sugar. They are entirely self-supporting and receive little from the government beside protection, education, medicine and advice-the latter sometimes at the point of the bayonet.

The Hopi Indians are very religious. In the eight months, July to March, they have not less than six ceremonies of sixteen days duration each, accompanied by expensive feasts. They spend over half their time in the ceremonies. Not less than 200 spirits called "Kachinas" have been identified in addition to a long list of major deities. In connection with almost everything they do, whether work or play, there is something of religious significance.

They have great physical endurance as shown in the foot races. The runners frequently follow a course in which they wish the water

HOPI INDIANS AND THEIR

SALAKO-MOTHER OF THE SNAKE CLAN She was formerly high priestess of the Women's ceremony, but when she was baptized as a Christian at eighty years of age, she said: "I am through with the old way, I have found peace at last and will keep it."

to run, and thus make the race a prayer for water. Saul Halyve is a Christian Marathon runner. His record for IO miles is 59 minutes; for 263i miles, 3 hours, I minute and 10 seconds.

Among the interesting customs, those of house building are noteworthy. When a kiva, or underground room which serves as temple, council-room, loafing place, and workshop, is to be built, the excavation is made and materials gathered. The chief of that particular kiva, with ptayer meal, outlines the foundation on the ground, chanting the House Song, or prayer to the sun, "Si-ai, a-hai, a-hai, si-ai, a-hai." At leach corner he places a stone, and on the stone a pahu, or prayer stick the

size of a pencil with feathers attached, an embodied prayer for secure walls, addressed to the spirits of the four world-quarters. The stone and pahu are then sprinkled with sacred meal. The stone wall erected and the roof of heavy beams covered with brush and mud in place, additional pahus are placed in the rafters, a prayer that the roof may never fall nor sickness enter.

The Hopi marriage is unique. In order to insure her entrance into the future world at death a girl must have the white wedding robe which is also used as a burial robe. Being buried with this robe, at death, she goes to the end of the trail on a high cliff, spreads the robe under her feet like a cloud and on it descends into the abode of departed spirits. She therefore marries early, and herself proposes to the groom by taking a dish of meal to his home. If his mother or other person receives the meal she is accepted and begins preparation for the wedding feast by grinding large quantities of meal, while the groom weaves the wedding robe. The marriage is completed at the feast by the bride and groom eating from a common dish and having the head washed ceremonially. The husband comes to live at the wife's house, which belongs to her. Perhaps she built it, or at least plastered and whitewashed it. She owns the children and descent is in her line. When displeased she can put his saddle outside the door and he knows he is divorced.

THE HOPI RELIGION – Among Hopi beliefs there are traditions of Creation, Dispersion and Deluge. The original home of mankind was in the center of the earth, a place dark and damp. The people had disfigured bodies and suffered great pain. The gods of germs and water gave them a magic seed which they planted. From it grew a cane up through a cleft in the rock overhead. Up this they climbed into a second world where there was more light and vegetation appeared. They planted the seed again and on the growing cane they ascended to a third world where they found vegetable and animal life. Thence they climbed by the sal)1e means or on a high pine tree through a hole in the Grand Canon to this present world.

Arrived in this world, all the families of mankind were together and learned how to hunt, farm, and build houses. They receive1 gifts from the germ god and water snake and were sent out in different directions.

The Water clan claim to have lived in the distant South originally. There was an old man among them who was very bad. He would spit in the faces of those he met and heap other indignities on them. The Water Snake god was so angry that he turned the world upside down and the water covered everything except a narrow neck of land. He told all to cross on this. When the bad tried to do so they slipped into the water, and only the good reached dry land.

HOPI INDIANS AND THEIR RELIGION 5lt

The Hopi religion is a mixture of the worship of ancestors and of the powers of nature. The objects of worship include the sun, which they call "our father, sun," to which they dedicate their children, offer verbal prayers, and make offerings of prayer meal. One sun ceremony consists in turning the sun back at the summer and winter solstice.

They pray to the earth, represented by the spider, as the mother of all. By means of the ancient fire drill they make "new fire" as a symbolic prayer for the renewal of nature.

Having descended from an ancestor that gave birth to snakes, they have the snakes for brothers. In the Snake Dance the priests carry live rattlesnakes in their mouths. The snakes are released and bear to A SACRED SKAKE DANCE OF THE HOPI INDIANS A sixteen-day rain making ceremony occurs ahout August 20th. The ceremony in which Rattle Snakes are carried in the mouth and lasts about half an hour the common mother, the underworld goddess of germination, and to the great water snake, the prayer of the Hopis for corn and rain.

Lesser deities are objects of worship as "Kachinas," or beast gods, which are impersonated in the Kachina dances. By means of a mask representing some animal in many cases, the dancer is transformed into a supernatural being and receives prayer and offerings as such. By means of a death mask, certain persons are changed into Kachinas, who intercede for rain. Thus the Hopis pray to their dead ancestors, both human and beast.

Another deity is Masau, a terrible monster with power of life and death, best represented by our idea of Satan. The deities of the four world quarters are also invoked for aid. In addition, idols, fetishes, prayer-sticks, and sand paintings are employed.

A GOVERNMENT BOARDING SCHOOL AT KEAMS CANON, ARIZONA This school is for Hopi youths. In addition there are five government day schools that bring secular education within the reach of all Hopi children They believe that on the third day after death, the soul comes out of the grave on the planting stick which is stuck in the grave, and eat3 the food which it finds ready for it, then goes to the interior of the earth. Walking along a narrow trail, it meets the Judge. If it has been the soul of a bad man it is sent into the fire. If of a good man, it is sent on to the place of happiness. By a good man they mean one who has faithfully kept the ceremonies. By a bad one they mean one who has been unfaithful to the ceremonies. Conduct and character are not considered.

MISSIONS AMONG THE HOPIS Present mission work among the Hopis dates back 25 years, and is now carried on in six stations by six Baptist and seven Mennonite missionaries, with 82 converts enrolled. Though the Franciscan Fathers introduced horses, burros, sheep, melons, and peaches, on account of enforced labor in building the missions and the gross immorality of the priests the Hopis have a bitter memory of that mission period, which ended in 1680 with the killing of all the priests. They were suspicious of the modern missionaries till they learned that they were not "Castiles. "

The Hopis had a tradition that there would come from the sunrising white people with a book religion. When the teachers came their message was to be accepted as the true teaching. On this account the Hopis soon showed much interest in the Gospel, crowded into the services, took part in the meetings, and were apparently about to accept Christianity en masse. Their own religion is made up of successive

HOPI INDIANS AND THEIR

additions and they were ready to welcome God and Jesus to a place beside their own deities. When the missionaries preached that God is a jealous God and that they must leave their old ceremonies, they decided that these were not what the people foretold in their prophecy and many went back, leaving a mere handful of those who were ready to suffer for the new faith. Through continued and bitter persecution they have been coming singly and by families, leaving the old life and the old homes in the villages and building up Christian' villages around the missions. Persecution is in the form of ostracism, personal abuse, disinheritance, bodily injury, destruction of property, petty annoyances, and threats, sufficient to test everyone and deter all who are not sincere. By Sunday services, street meetings, house to house visitation and personal work, the Gospel has been brought to every Hopi Indian. Many do not understand the message simply because they refuse to listen.

The language has been reduced to writing, and scripture portions have been translated and published. A goodly collection of hymns have been composed by the Hopis or translated by the missionaries. There is an adequate physical equipment in buildings, and an efficient corps of missionaries and native helpers, so that the only remaining need is that for increased spiritual power. With grim determination the Hopis have said, "No more shall be baptized." Let the praying friends of the Hopis match this with greater determination and release the showers of blessing for this thirsty land!

THE CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OF THE HOPI INDIANS Some members of the Hopi Baptist Church at the Second Mesa

THOUSAND MEN AT THE BALTIMORE CAMPAIGN

-From The Spirit of Mi.uiolls

A Remarkable Baltimore

An Account of the Missionary Campaign Conducted Simul- taneously in 37 Protestant Episcopal Churches BY GEORGE C. THOMAS, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Chairman of the Local Committee in the Campaign for Missions and Parish Support BALTIMORE has 'demonstrated that a missionary campaign can be successfully conducted during a national crisis. Within one month after war was declared 37 churches and chapels numbering over 16,000 communicants engaged in the greatest city-wide Campaign for Missions and Parish Support ever undertaken by this Church. The Campaign was in charge of Rev. Robert W. Patton, D.D., Secretary of the Province of Sewanee, who has conducted similar campaigns in Chicago, Cleveland, Richmond and many southern cities.

The success of this great Church enterprise is accentuated, because, in addition to the criticisms and prophecies of failure usually urged against missionary campaigns, a large number of loyal Church men and women were honestly convinced that the time was inappropriate. We had been deluged by appeals for many worthy benevolent and philanthropic objects-for hospitals, for local charities, for Belgian Relief, for the Red Cross. Then, just as our preparation started, this nation entered the War, and a call was made on the citizens of Baltimore to raise $ I ,500,000 for the splendid three-fold purpose of caring for the dependents of our men volunteering in the service of the nation, for extending the work of the Red Cross and for the Alliance of Charitable Organizations in the city.

These and other objections were seriously and frankly considered, but the conclusion was reached that a patriotic was well as a religious duty demanded that the Church be equipped to render greater service to the nation and to the world in this and the darker hours to come.

Too much importance cannot be attached to proper preparation in such a campaign. A preliminary meeting of Clergy and laity was held early in March and the Campaign outlined. A Committee of nine Clergymen and eight laymen was appointed by Rt. Rev. John Gardner Murray, Bishop of Maryland. Three weeks in advance of the Campaign an office was opened in charge of the Rev. Louis G. Wood, Field Secretary of the Board of Missions, and Mr. David H. Brown, Secretary of the Virginia Joint Missionary Committees. These men efficiently handled the tremendous mass of detail, in addition to addressing numerous meetings. The local committees. and others also assisted in this work.

On Easter Monday night an enthusiastic meeting of clergymen and Parish Committees was addressed by Dr. John W. Wood of the Board

of Missions, Mr. H. F. Laflamme of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Rev. Louis G. Wood and Bishop Murray.

The largest organization in the Diocese of Maryland is the Cathedral League composed of over 2,000 representative Church women of all the parishes. At a luncheon attended by over 500 members their interest was enlisted and addresses were made by Bishop Murray and others. Chaplain H. Percy Silver of West Point also spoke on the subject before a largely attended dinner of the Churchmen's Club of Maryland.

THE CAMPAIGN The Campaign actually began on Sunday, April 29th, with special services and addresses in all the Protestant Episcopal Churches in Baltimore and suburbs. Bishop Lloyd, officers of the Board of Missions and others-in all twenty-eight visiting speakers-participated. All emphasized the fact that this Campaign was not intended primarily to raise money, although that result would surely follow, but to stimulate every department of parish life. They were able to testify personally that it had been tried with remarkable results in their own parishes. They also emphasized the need of attending Dr. Patton's Educational Conferences during the week.

The most important meetings of the Campaign-the educational conferences-were held Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, in the afternoon for women, and the evening for men and women. The Rev. Dr. Patton, in a wonderfully attractive and convincing way, developed the theme of The World Wide Mission of the Church. The interest and attendance steadily increased, until, on the last evening an enthusiastic audience filled both the main floor and galleries of Emmanuel Church.

Bishop Murray not only attended every evening conference, but every important meeting, during the campaign. His presence, interest, advice and enthusiastic support was a most important contributing cause to the wonderful results obtained.

The clergy generally entered into the Campaign with loyalty and enthusiasm. As the conferences progressed many laymen who were frankly skeptical caught the vision, realized the bigness of the undertaking and enlisted for service. We learned that laymen will serve their Church whenever their interest is stimulated by intelligent instructions.

On Thursday night at the largest available auditorium in Baltimore, a great inspirational supper was held, limited to 1,000 men for want of space. The galleries and boxes were thrown open to the ladies. Dr. John W. Wood spoke of Maryland's contribution of men and women to the Mission fields of the Church. Bishop Chas. H. Brent, of the Philippines, who arrived in New York that morning from England and the trenches of France, gave a most thrilling and inspiring address on "World Service of the Nation," while Rev. Dr. Patton spoke of the "World Service of the Church." The following day a~

four points instructions were given to canvassers who had volunteered for the great City Wide Every Member Canvass.

EVERY MEMBER CANVASS On Sunday afternoon, May 6th, about 1,600 canvassers, two by two, visited the homes of over 16,000 communicants in the interest of regular systematic contributions for missions and parish support through the duplex envelopes. This was a fitting climax to the weeks which had preceded, with preparation, instruction and prayer. Among the canvassers were men in every walk of life. A former governor of Maryland, judges, lawyers, doctors, presidents of banks and trust companies, leading financiers and business men, as well as bookkeepers and clerks, mechanics and laboring men.

The effect upon the canvassers was noticeable and deeply stimulated their interest in the parishes. All who took part in the canvass greatly enjoyed their experience and many have offered their services not only for future canvasses but for future church work.

The results in Baltimore are but a repetition of those in every parish in which the every member canvass for Missions and for parish support has been earnestly tried. Some of these results already reported are: A greater interest in the church and its work; Increased attendance at church services; Valuable information for church records; Increased number of church workers; New members of parish organizations; A closer fellowship between members. A fuller co-operation between clergy and people.

Many who thought the Church meant their own parish or diocese have learned that their Church is a much bigger and finer thing-that its field of influence must be the whole world.

Another point-parochialism or provincialism, has been hit hard, if not killed. Parishes have united in this Missionary Campaign which have never before united in anything else; and all, rich and poor, large and small, have received great blessings.

Finally, and incidentally, the financial returns to date show a gratifying increase in the number of contributors and amount contributed. Although in many parishes the canvass is not complete and additions are being received daily, the report at present is something like this: N umber of new weekly subscribers to local parish expenses…. 3,000 Number of new weekly subscribers to missions. . …. . .. . . . . . .. 3,100 Increase of pledges to local parish expenses ……………… $30,000 Increase of pledges to missions ……….•……………. " 20,000

A MOSLEM PERFORMING HIS ABLUTIONS BEFORE

Moslem's Preparation for

BY ARTHUR V. LILEY, TUNIS Missionary of the North Africa Mission T HROUGHOUT the Moslem world no "believer" under any cir- cumstance is allowed to perform his prayers before having cleansed himself by prescribed ablutions when he can obtain clean water. If traveling in a waterless desert the "believer" is allowed to use sand in his ablutions. If it is impossible to procure sand he passes his hand over a stone before each act.

The ablutions are absolutely necessary as a preparation to prayer. The "believer" tucks up his sleeves above the elbows and from a "breek" or brass jug of water before him he pours water into his hands and washes them three times.

N ext, taking a little water into the hollow of his right hand he allows the water to run up his arm as far as the elbow, and having washed the right arm, he does the same with the left. This is done three times.

Water is next taken in the right hand and sniffed up the nostrils and blown out by the finger being placed on the side of the nose.

The nose and mouth having been thoroughly cleansed he wets the tips of his two forefingers, places them in his ears and twists them around. Sometimes before his last act the Moslem will scrape out his ears with a tiny spoon of bone in order that no dirt may remain.

He next takes off his fez cap and lays it down in a clean place. He passes his wet hands over his head down to the nape of his neck_ In order that no water may fall on his linen and thus render him impure, he passes his hands around his neck, shaking off any water that may have been gathered on the forefingers.

If the "believer" has shoes and socks they are taken off before beginning the ablutions. The last act is to wash his feet and legs up: as far as the knees, the fingers being carefully passed through the spaces between the toes, thus the ablution is completed.

Between each act of washing the Moslem repeats some pious saying. When washing the nostrils he says "0 my God, if I am pleasing in Thy sight, perfume me with the odours of Paradise," and so on.

lf the worshipper is sure of having avoided all kinds of impurity it is not necessary for him to perform these ablutions five times daily before the prescribed prayers. He trusts, however, in the cleansing of water and does not believe that the blood of Jesus Christ, God's Son, cleanseth us from all sin. It is a ceremonial cleansing rather than a heart cleansing that the Moslem is seeking.

of the Night in

BY THE REV. GEORGE E. WHITE, MARSOVAN, TURKEY Missionary of the American Board, President of Anatolia College T HE night is dark in Turkey. It may be the darkness which pre- cedes and presages the dawn. Asia Minor is a great land, larger than France or Germany, and constitutes the heart of the Turkish Empire.. It is like a friendly hand reaching out from the continent of Asia toward Europe, an ap- pealing hand, a· pathetic hand. Marsovan is located just under the knuckle of the thumb and not far from the .Black Sea, a place admirably situated for the purposes of a college in the Ottoman Empire. Constantinople is at the tip of the index finger. It enjoys a matchless situation among the capitals of the earth, located as it is at the junction of two continents and two seas. It is here, almost more than at any other one point geographically, that the Teutons and Slavs meet in a dead set. The German comes from the northwest at Berlin, stretching toward Bagdad and the southeast. The Russian comes from the northeast, following the great rivers that drain his country, to the Black Sea, and seeking an unhampered approach to the salt water commerce of the world through the Dardanelles. They meet at Constantinople with its marvelous waterway. One or the other apparently must be defeated here, and whichever wins Constantinople will have one of the most important of the prizes now at stake.

There is a gleam of light in the fact that the Moslems are now weighing their own institutions and creeds. Orthodox standards have already been challenged by the Shias or Alevis in a manner that is not always fully realized. The Turks number perhaps eight million souls. Probably they are not so numerous as a race as are either the Greeks or the Serbians, but the Turks have had an advantage in maintaining the leadership among other Moslems such as the Kurds, the Circassians, and the Arabs. 'Within their own ranks the Shia or Alevi sectaries have never yielded willing assent to the control of the orthodox or Sunnite party. Shias have said to me, "Less than the thickness of an onion skin separates you Christians from us." Those people are ignorant, timid, and superstitious, but such a remark is material for a Gettogether Club right there. It is the habitual claim of Shias, when they speak with confidential frankness, that they feel nearer to Christians than they do to the orthodox Mohammedans for whom their common name is "Devil Worshippers."

There is a story among them that when their great founder, Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet, the fourth Caliph, suffered death at the hands of his enemies, his head, by some chance, fell into the keeping SOME OF THE W ORK THE TURKS HAVE STOPPED Women's Ward of th e A l1utolia Hospital, American Missio n of a Christian priest. It was demanded by the persecutors for abuse. With the consent of his wife the priest cut off her head and offered that in place of the head of Ali. When this was not received he repeated the process with the heads of his third son, his second, and finally the first born. It was only when all these offers were refused that the persecutors succeeded in getting and maltreating the head of the Moses of all" the AJevi Mohammedans. Wherever this legend is whispered from father to son or among a group of Alevis, it signifies their feeling that in the hour of their hero's death, in their hour of agony as a people, they were befriended by Christians as against their nominal Moslem co-religionists, and it has a powerful effect.

The orthodox Moslems themselves are also challenging their system and its results. One of my friends, a strong Turk of the merchant class, more than once has said to me: "Do vou still believe in that outworn idea of a God? If there were a go~d and just God seated upon the throne of the universe and ruling over all ev~nts do you suppose that we should see what we ser now as a result of this great war- bloodshed, pillage, unbridled lust? We knew that we Turks Wt:re a backward lot, but we supposed that the civilization of Europe stood for something that was real, and now we understand that it, ·too, is worthless. If I had my way I wouldfir.st sweep away every church and then sweep away every mosque, and after that it might be that common humanity would have a decent chance."

It seems to be a psychological necessity of human nature to break away from established institutions first by denying the value of all such before another offer can be considered in place of the broken ideal.

Another acquaintance, a strong Turkish governor, is well known among his friends as feeling that life is not worth living, and makes a virtual confession that in the hour of need his faith does not· satisfy him. Moslems are beginning to realize that their religion fails them, to challenge its teaching, and to compare it with the claims and the results of Christianity.

I have often heard Mohammedan prayer offered in the name of Christ. In the great mosques where a thousand men stand and wor- ship, prostrate themselves to the earth as one, rise and fall again, as the clear voice of their leader rings out the prayer in the name of Jesus; or when a regiment is drawn up in front of the barracks and is about to march away to take its place in the ranks my friend the Mufti, or another of the Mohammedan clergy, steps forward and again offers a beautiful and earnest prayer, again using the name which is above every name.

This must not be misunderstood. Mohammedan prayers could not be offered exclusively in the name of the Christian Saviour, but at the close of the earnest petitions offered is the plea that they may be heard for the sake of Abraham, the Friend of God; Moses, the Oracle of God; Jesus, the Spirit of God; and Mohammed, the Prophet of God. This is an earnest of the time when it will be realized that other names are superfluous.

A clear ray of light shines across the darkness in the Christian witness during the recent events. There arises now before my eyes a vision of one scene. A little group of College boys were led out by the sheriff's force, who had them in charge: and who did what was done, and who were profoundly affected by it. These lads requested permission to sing "Nearer My God to Thee." Their request was granted. They stood and sang. Then came the end.

Again I see the form and hear the voice of one with whom I stood as fellow laborer for twenty-five years. He knew the Turks as one of themselves. He received the best course of instruction offered in their capital. He was a man of ability, education, and consecration. He was the author of books, a compelling preacher. He delivered many lectures, and wrote many articles. He was a member of political organizations, engaged in long conversations, and all with the faithful endeavor of the Christian man to bring the principles of his faith to bear among public men and in regard to public measures, in a country where changes have been in progress with astonishing rapidity. Being dead he yet speaketh, and all his work was done as a vicarious representative on behalf of Christians in our offer of that which we hold highest and best. Indeed the Armenians in their national suffering, occupy a vicarious position in regard to all Christians. They are within the reach of Mohammedans whose fanaticism has been roused by the proclamation of a Holy War, and who treat Armenians within their reach as they would treat any Christians in the same position.

SO M E OF THE ME N – A 1HI EN f ANS A N D AMERICAN S- SCA TTEIlED B Y T URKISH TERRORISM 'fhe F a"cu lt y of A na tolia Colle ge, ]farsova n The clear shining of the Sun of Righteousness was better realized by some of us last year than ever before in a fresh view of the eternal redemptive work of God in Christ. Under the conditions of war and virtually in a state of siege, there were many things to be borne that were difficult. Sugar was sold only at prohibitive prices; there was oil for only one lamp for evening study in the College; coffee once a week was a luxury; though these things were as nothing compared with the loss of life, the clash of war, the race destruction, the separation from friends and members of the same family. At first it was inconceivably difficult to preach, conduct chapel exercises, or give the Christian message in any way. How could one do so in the midst of such scenes? Later, however, the grace of God seemed to come home. It was a rewarding year in college life though there were but five regular members of the faculty able to continue until the tenth of Mayas against twenty-five two years before, and sixty-five students as against four hundred and twenty-five at the earlier date. As the months went on, it became easier to give the gospel message, and the response was more general and more ready than at almost any other time in my missionary experience. The students were earnest, discipline was easy, attendance at church services was wholly voluntary and habitually all came. Our large chorus choir had been scattered. Instead, our music was led by a good quartet in which the soprano was an Armenian, the alto an

American, the tenor a Russian and the bass a Greek. We did not sing "I Want to Be An Angel," but we sang "The Son of God Goes Forth to War," and we strove to be worthy to follow in His train. We did not sing "Day Is Dying in the West" much; instead we had a hymn written by one of our own number beginning, "Day Is Dawning in the East." The communion service was participated in by Russians, Orthodox Greeks, Roman Catholics, Armenian Gregorians, by persons of any Christian name, as well as by those of evangelical conviction, whether members of the church or not. At each celebration of the Lord's Supper there were more applicants for admission to church membership than we could accept, and sometimes on such an occasion a number of those who partook were just about to depart for soldier servIce.

Under such conditions the great redeeming work of Christ came home to us with a vividness that surpassed our former realization of its significance. This is the central fact of Christianity. It is the distinctive feature that separates our faith from other religious systems. Mohammedanism has no redeemer. But the need for such work from above must inevitably be felt by anyone who faces the situation, who considers his own condition and the results of his unaided efforts. The supreme offer of Christianity meets the supreme need of men in the work and provision of God who was in Christ reconciling the world unto Himself.

We who belong in Turkey anticipate with eagerness the time for our return. The only unkind remark made regarding myself since 1 reached the homeland was by a newspaper reporter, who referred to me as the "Former" President of Anatolia College. There is a group of our associates back in Marsovan to hold the ground, stand by our friends, and maintain the Christian witness.

Watchman, what of the night? The answer was given with prophetic foresight by our predecessors and associates, thirty years ago, when they founded Anatolia College, now wrecked by war, and adopted the seal and motto. The seal shows the morning sun just rising over one of our Anatolia mountains, and the motto is the words, "Morning Cometh."

PRAYER More things are wrought by prayer Than this world dreams of. For what are men better than sheep or goats That nourish a blind life within the brain, If, knowing God, they lift not holy hands in prayer, Both for themselves and those they call their friends? For so the whole round earth is, every way Bound by gold chains around the feet of God.

TENNYSON.

" Billy" Sunday on

T HE devil is just as great a menace in Africa and Asia as in America. People are not born heathen or Christian. They become heathen under conditions that could be remedied if the people of Christian lands would do their duty by their less fortunate neighbors. The world is so small now, and we have become so dependent upon the people of these other lands for labor and special materials that enter into our manu- factures, that we cannot repudiate our moral responsibility for their welfare. A man would be a fool to suppose that God intended to save Americans or Englishmen only.

The devil is not dead until he is dead all around the world. Much of the devilment we see in America comes from other lands, and every year we ship enough rum to Africa to send the whole continent to Hell. Think of it-rum from Boston and brass gods from Philadelphia. If we can send them brass idols we surely ought to be able to send some live men.

I believe in the whole missionary business from top to bottom. If I didn't, what the Turks have done to the Armenians and Syrians would fix me. Was there ever such a record in all history? Such atrocities are a blot upon civilization. So long as such things are possible anywhere, missionaries are needed. One mad dog is a menace to a community. So long as one saloon exists our boys are not safe. Freedom for the Turk or anybody else to butcher his neighbor creates a situation calling for attention. Shall we apply the Turk's medicine to himself? No, that is not the Christian way. But it is Christian to make hiin behave. Encourage our missionaries among the Armenians and Syrians and throw such a cordon of good around those Turks that they will have to be good or die in the attempt.

"President Wilson says that the whole country-every man, woman and child-must be mobilized for the war. So every Christian of every Christian Church must be mobilized for the Christian conquest of the world. Don't wait to be drafted. Do your dl1ty. Give your money. Pray for the men and women on the firing line in Armenia, China, Africa, India, and the Islands of the Sea.

"Take hold and help to clean up the whole world. If you leave a bad spot anywhere its filth will run over on the good places. To make anyone part of the world really safe, we must make all parts safe. In order to be sure that one man is safe, Christ must save all. This is what the missionaries have always said. The great war has proved that they are right."

A War Experience in East

A Story Told by Kala, an L. M. S. Mission Teacher GRANDFATHERS and Grand- and 'Kisola,' comforted them, saying, mothers, above everything else, 1 'Don't cry, we are in God's hands,' but want to tell you of the power of God. they replied, 'Twice they have said they "On August 15, 1914, we were all will kill us, and they will do so,' but in our houses and the doors were shut, Katai said again, 'Crying will not save for it was night, when we suddenly you; only prayer can do that,' so the heard an angry voice outside which said, younger ones took heart, and we all 'Open the door,' and 1 replied, 'Why prayed to God.

should I open the door? 1 do not "Soon we were removed to another want to go out in the night.' The voice fort, and they compelled us to work very said again 'Open.' So I quickly took hard, so hard that sometimes blood oozed up my Bible, which was near my bed, from the palms of our hands, but what- and hid it in my clothes; then 1 opened ever they put us to we did it with all the door and some German soldiers came our might, and always prayed to God in and took hold of me and my wife. and sang praises.

"I asked, ~Why do you come to my "For five months we were working on house and take hold of me in this way?' the roads; for one month we were carry- and they replied, 'There is a great war, ing heavy loads to Katanga, and for and we are taking you because you are many months we were tilling, reaping, servants of the English. and grinding grain, felling trees, digging "In the morning the Great White trenches, and doing all sorts of hard German Officer came and asked why we work, and always had faith in our hearts were in their country, and 1 replied that that God would save us.

we came to teach the story of Jesus "After two years we heard that there Christ, and he asked: was a battle at Kasanga, and that the " 'Who sent you?' and 1 replied, 'God English were there. So we all agreed sent us.' He said, 'Very good, you are to try and escape, and when we got near our prisoners now, and when 1 return to Kasanga we met some English and re- from the battle I shall kill you all." joiced, and the Germans never looked "I replied that we feared nothing, God for us, for they all left Kasanga that was of great strength. He went away night, and the English took the fort.

and we remained in prison ten days with We visited the English officer and told very little food. him all about ourselves, and he said, 'Go "We all prayed to God and sang home to Kafakula and tell your friends hymns with all our strength, and felt no that you are free,' and we very soon fear in our hearts. We heard that the went, and great was the joy of our officer who had threatened us had been friends to see us safe again.

killed in battle. Then another officer "Everybody at Kasanga marvelled at came to us and asked, 'Are you the men our safety, and if you go and ask them from over the border ?' We said, 'We which God they pray to now, they will are men of God,' and he said, 'Our all answer, 'The God of the Teachers, chief has been killed but I remain to for He is mighty to have saved them do his work and I will surely kill you from the hands of the Germans,' and I when I return,' and he went away and tell you all here that only prayer saved some of the children and young girls us. We had friends praying for us, and began to weep. we prayed ourselves, and God in His "Two of the elder women, 'Katai' great Love heard and answered.

@ @ ~…=."B'bbEbS'TbUOM~'bB"T""H"~O''D''S'=''O

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK.

WORKING FOR MISSIONS IN WAR TIME T HERE are two lines of missionary the Sabbath, is not a holy day but a effort that should be emphasized in holiday.

wartime. One of these is the upkeep of If America would keep Christ, she the regular work on the mission field, must repent of her sins and make her which is apt to be neglected in the strenu- peace with God. It is true that since the ous days of preparation and conflict. break with Germany we have been pray- The other is practical work for soldiers, ing as seldom before. Trinity Church in sailors and airmen assembled in training N ew York City holds a daily prayer serv- camps or on guard duty especially in lo- ice at noon with special reference to the calities near to us. To neglect either is war and invites passersby to come in at to fail in our duty to God. any time for prayer and intercession. At The greatest need of the hour, no mat- the call of Ohio's governor the people of ter what work we engage in, is prayer. that great state were brought to their N at prayer such as the nations have been knees on a given date to intercede for the offering for the success of their own arms nation. An Associated Press despatch and the defeat of their enemies, but in- tells of workmen on the country estates tensely earnest prayer in which humilia- of wealthy N ew Yorkers kneeling in the tion and confession of sin play the greater rye fields and vegetable gardens to pray part. Great Britain is at last learning for the success of their crops.

to pray in this way, and we all need the This is good as far as it goes. It shows lesson. that we have not lost our sense of de- Notwithstanding the great activity in pendence on God. But this praying is missionary work and the thousands all largely begging for temporal blessings.

over the land who "have not bowed the In the old days when calamities threat- knee to Baal," the Church has been get- ened, the Church appointed days of fast- ting farther and farther from God, and ing and prayer, and confession of sin pre- many have believed that sooner or later ceded petition. This is still the way in drastic punishment must follow. Can which God would have us approach Him.

this be the meaning of the war?

In our April number we printed an Prayer, the Present Need of the World* article with a startling title, "Can Amer- BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO ica Keep Christ?" Alas, that from many an American home Christ has already de- What a revolting catastrophe has beparted. When Moffat won Liv;ng~tone fallen the world! The earth drenched for Africa he clinched his appeal bv tell- with blood, and nations seeking the deing him that in the vast plain to the north struction of each other. Mankind busily of Kuruman he had sometimes' seen, in engaged in cheering the victors and lookthe light of the morning sun, the smoke ing complacently at the vanquished. Hunof a thousand villages where no m;ssion- dreds of thousands eagerly straining arv had ever yet gone to preach Christ. every nerve to invent and supply the Whoever will take his stand on the top deadly sinews of destruction! of a high building in any large American This deadly conflict has been with us city mav see for himself the smoke of a '" Condensed from The JewiJh Era. The th~usand homes where Christ is not author, Rev. S. B. Rohold, is Associate Ediknown, where God is not worshipped, tor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW in charge of where the Bible is a lost book, and where Foreign Exchanges.

nearly three years and the operations of England's Call to Prayer war have interfered with, and in many places broken, all missionary propaganda. In this, the most serious crisis that the Practically all the best organized Euro- British Empire and the nations of Europe pean Jewish missions are at a stand- have ever passed through, we feel deeply still. the need of unitedly seeking the Face of our Holy God and Father, and hum- The fierce light of the war is searching bling ourselves before Him. the vitals of our Christian profession. What are the signs? Is there genuine He has, after many years of patience expression of sorrow, grief, regret or and forbearance, permitted His judgshame? It seems as if we have lost ments to come upon the nations, and we tenderness of heart and that compassion have not turned to Him. Surely it is has gone. When we hear that a thou- time for His children seriously to lay to sand men have perished at sea, are our heart the state of things which compels hearts affected as they once were ? We the continuance of His discipline, and read of such occurrences almost daily in to set apart time for humiliation, repent" the press and not a tear is shed. ance, fasting and prayer, believing that in answer to their cry He will, in His If ever there was a time, it is now, wrath, remember mercy. for the Church of God to bow in prayer, fasting and humiliation before God. Do For centuries God has manifested His we fully realize the dreadful effects of grace and love to us. As a nation we His displeasure? Oh! if we could only have been in a special way recipients of hear the call of God as given us by His His favor and we have largely turned grace through His prophet, Isaiah: our backs upon the supreme revelation "Come my people, enter thou into thy of His love, the Lord Jesus Christ. At chambers, and shut the doors about thee; unspeakable cost our heavenly Father sachide thyself as it were for a little mo- rificed His only Son to redeem this lost ment, until the indignation is overpast." world and make His will known to men and nations. Yet, as a people, we have This is the call to every believer; there despised and neglected His gift, and in is no other way out of this calamity that thought and deed have determined that has befallen the world, and we must do we will not have this .Man to reign over it ourselves. Ve cannot do it by us. Of this, the greatest sin of all, we proxy, and we must seek grace to be able need most humbly to repent, as well as to yield ourselves wholly to His divine of all the sins of personal, family, church Will, and make Him the sole Master of and national life, of which we are alour lives….. readv aware, and which will be made vet mor~ manifest to us as we wait upon For almost three years we have waited God. longingly for the Church of God to make a move and call for unconditional surren- That God has not left Himself withder to repentance, prayer, fasting and out witness in the midst of the prevahumiliation. At last we see some awak- lent unbelief and apostasy is evident. ening and our heart is stirred with emo- EI·erywhere groups of praving people tion. We trust that the movement now have been entering into the Secret Place started in England will flood the whole during these dark and terrible days, witi of this great American continent with a broken and contrite hearts, seeking after reflex spiritual awakening amongst God's Him, and many definite answers to children that will ultimatelv extend prayer have been recorded to His praise. throughout the whole world. We refer We feel that it would mean much to the to a call which reached us a few davs Church of Christ, and to His cause ago and which we append. The remark- among the nations, if many such groups able thing about it is that it represents in all parts of the Foreign Field, in practically all Missionary and Evange- Europe and in British colonies could be listic Societies and is signed by dignitaries linked together for a Day of Repentance of all the Churches in Great Britain.

METHODS

and Prayer, and we earnestly invite you life among them. Not one of them to co-operate with us so that this may should be allowed to go to the front be brought about in the most effective without a Bible, so far as possible with way. a strong spiritual message written in the fly-leaf. In Schenectady, New York, the God willing, we propose to set apart Federation of Women's Missionary So- Good Friday, April 6th, 1917,* for this cieties gave a Testament to every man purpose. who went to the Mexican border last year, and now the Young Men's Chris- We ask a definite interest in vour tian Associations and other organizations prayers for this effort that it may be all over the country are undertaking a kept in the line of God's will, and that similar servin'_ His deepest purposes in it may be fulfilled. May the Holy Spirit constrain There is great need, too, for practical those whom He would draw apart with Christian work among the soldiers, sail- Himself for this Day of Prayer, an:.! ors and airmen in camps and on guard may He teach us true repentance, and dllty. Few persons realize that the men so inspire our prayers that greater vic- have almost no place to go except satory may be won in the spiritual realm, loons and other resorts of disreputable and that an outpouring of the Spirir character. A sad instance of the dangers may quicken His Church into new life that beset them was recently brought to and power, for her work and witness for our notice. Four men were sent to guard God unto the ends of the earth. a bridge over the Connecticut River nest Northfield, Mass., and two of them were The Church has a stupendous burden killed by a railroad train while under placed upon her by the war. She the influence of liquor. It seems that carries the missionary obligation of the they had been out in the cold and wet whole world, home and foreign. There ronstantly and besides their tent~ had will be a tendency to cut down con- had practically no place to go save sa- tributions for regular religious activi- loons. ties, but retrenchment must not be al- lowed. At our request the Rev. Paul D. Moody, who has given up his church at Hold fast to first things in these try- St. Johnsbury, Vermont, to work lmong ing times. Remember that the program the soldiers of New England, ha3 s"nt of the Kingdom is not changed by war, the following suggestions of how we can and that our country is not worth dying help along this line. for if she loses her souJ.-The ContI- nent. Practical Work for the Soldiers Our New Home Mission Field BY THE REV. PAUL D. MOODY, CHAPLAIN The great hosts of men that the FIRST VERMONT INFANTRY. United States is calling to the colors constitute a new field for missionary ef- The first thought of some men on enfort in which the need is urgent and the tering the army is that there is nothing promise great. The fact that these men in the world so Godless as a camp and must soon stand face to face with death so remote from the best things as milimakes them peculiarly susceptible to spir- tary life. Before many days they revise itual effort. this opinion. It is all too true that there is swearing and language that offends, Everything possible should be done to but along with it is a spirit of service and lead them to Christ and foster the higher self-sacrifice that goes a long way towards offsetting first impressions. U nfortu- * It was on Good Friday, April 6, 1917, nately there are temptations which come upon men with greater force when cut that the United States finally decided to en- off from the refining influences of home, ter the war. Can it be that there was some and the government is coming to recogconnection between this ami England's prayers ?-B.M.B.

nize more and more that these are dan- instance it met with prompt response. gerous, not merely because they affect the Christian Endeavor Societies, Epworth morals of the men but also because they Leagues and Bible Classes could vie with reduce their efficiency. one another in rendering such service if they wished. It would be good for the If in any way the Church can help soldiers and better still for them. to stem the force of the appeals to the lower nature, it will be doing a service NOW is the accepted time to not alone for God but for country. work for the soldiers and sailors in a practical way. What can the Church do? It can invite men to corne to its serv- Almost any day they may be orices, though beyond a certain point this dered elsewhere and your opporis a waste ot time. tunities of personal service to them I t can throw open its buildings and be at an end. furnish quiet places for the men to read, not tracts or religious papers exclusively, MESSAGES FROM CANADA but newspapers from horne and current magaZines. The way in which Great Britain and It can make it possible for men in uni- her colonies, especially Canada and Ausform to speak now and again to decent tralia, have kept up their regular missionwomen who could go and sing for them ary work notwithstanding the enormous and perhaps sell light refreshments to drafts made on time and money by Red them. A recent visitor to our shores tells Cross and other relief work, will form us that in the Young Men's Christian one of the heroic chapters in the history Association camps in Europe most of the of missions. The French Protestants, work is done by splendid Christian too, though small in numbers and rewomen who serve their God and their wurces, have kept up their work to the country in this way as acceptably as other full extent of their ability and even bewomen do as nurses. No one who has yond it. not been through it knows quite what it means to a man under such circum- Now that we have entered the war, stances to have the opportunity of meet- what shall we do? Shall we go forward? ing and speaking with a woman of re- Or shall we neglect the work and allow finement. it to suffer? Honored commissions of The Young Men's Christian Associa- French and English experts have recenttion is blazing a path. It might have ly advised America how best to conduct been possible for the Church so to or- the military campaign. May not the ganize as to do the work directly, but on noble Canadian missionary experts who a large scale the Young Men's Christian have solved the problem for themselves, Association must do it now. Yet every- teach us how best to keep up our warwhere there are needs, particularly where fare for the King of Kings? In remen are on guard duty, that the Young sponse to a request sent to the l1ission Men's Christian Association cannot meet. Boards of Canada for brief messages of Recently I made a tour visiting some advice or encouragement, we have reof the men of my regiment who are ceived the following replies. They should scattered in lonely places. Wherever I be widely used in missionary meetings went, so far as possible, I suggested to and trust that the brave and devoted the churches that they look after the spirit that breathes through them all may comfort and happiness of the little groups give us courage to "follow in their guarding their bridges and railroad ap- train." proaches in much the same way as the Young Men's Christian Associations are Our Best Half-Year doing in the larger camps. In almost every instance it was confessed that this The Canadian Baptist Board has used had not been thought of, and in every no unusual means for meeting the pe-

METHODS 53

culiar conditions created by the war. Nor taking men's places in business and in have we found any serious difficul ty in agriculture. In the Church we must de- financing our work, though care has been pend upon our women to do even more taken to avoid undertakings involving than they have been doing. We find that new and heavy expenditures. they are not only able but willing; al- At first the sensation created by the though they are attending patriotic meet- – declaration of war was so great that for ings, helping with Red Cross work and a time the people seemed to forget every- doing many things toward winning this thing else and we were threatened with a war for world freedom, yet they are do- decline of income. But the war soon pro- ing still more for missions. We must duced a sobering effect. The religious also enlist the younger boys, many of life of the nation was deepened and, as whom are much more efficient than we the moral issues for which we were fight- had estimated. ing loomed larger and larger, there stole into the hearts of the people a new ap- Our younger men and women need an preciation of those great moral and spir- increased amount of missionary informa- itual values for which missions stand. tion. To fight ignorance and indifter- cnce at home, there is nothing better than The response to the appeals of the Bel- the good news of success on the mission gian, Armenian, Servian, Red Cross, Pa- fields.-REv. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D., triotic and other Funds has been phe- Young Peoples' Secretary, Missionary So- nomenal and all these, by awakening the ciety of the Canadian Methodist Church. spirit of generosity, have given a multi- tude of people the "giving habit." "Funds Are All in Advance'"

Many, too, see that the only guaran- The :Methodist missionary women of tee against a repetition of the present war Canada equal in valor their gloriously lies in a vigorous, world-wide and in- brave, gallant sons at the front. So, stant missionary propaganda. after nearly three years of war during which they have suffered anxiety, agony Last year our Board met all its esti- and loss irreparable, they have only words mates and reduced its deficits. The first of cheer to send to their comrades south half of the present financial year which of the border. closes September 30, has been the best in our history-REv. ]. C. BROWN, Sec- Personal suffering and sorrow have retary Canadian Baptist Foreign Mis- not weakened their hold on the eternal sion Board. verities; they have come to realize that they are one in their work for God with "World-Wide War and World-Wide their dear men who are living, fighting and dying in France that liberty and Missions" truth may be established; so they calmly "carryon" work day by day in the There is much in common between the sure and certain hope of the final victory present great world-wide war and world- of the Cross in all the world. wide missions. They both call for prayer, study and sacrifice. They both call for Officers write, as the year is now clos- a well-organized home base and for ing, "We are singing the doxology softly trained men and equipment. as funds are all in advance."-MRs. W. E. Ross, President of the Woman's For- If we are to keep up missionary work eign Missionary Society, Canadian Meth- in war time we must look well to our odist Church. organization at home, and keep in close touch with our representatives on our New Viewpoints mission fields. Since the war began missionary appeal We must remember that the first vol- has automatically changed. Uncon- unteers to go to the front are the loyal sciously a new viewpoint has emerged. young men-leaders in our Sunday- Such questions as these have arisen: schools and Young People's work. In Canada and Great Britain women are

1. What would happen should China A Canadian Church at Work and Japan, having adopted Western sciences, adopt the ideals of the Germans? In addition to these messages from Canada, we have received through the 2. If humanity is a unit, must we not courtesy of a friend, the annual report Christianize others that we may be Chris- of a prominent Presbyterian Church in tianized ourselves? Toronto.

3. Is not selfishness the "root of bit- In a printed pamphlet of about 60 terness" that has corrupted the world? [s not Germany's ~mbition for worId- pages a complete resume of the work for power a legitimate development of that the year 1916 is given in detail. Though principle? the war has made a heavy draft on the church, and there are frequent references 4. WeaIth is stewardship and it has to it, it is evident that it has not been al- lowed to interfere with the regular work been selfishly used. May not the pres- of any department. ent destruction of wealth be interpreted as a Divine judgment? The various missionary organizations have kept up their regular meetings; mis- The tendency of the Church in all sion study was conducted; the annual ages has been to rely upon organization Thank Offering was taken in N ovemand allow the inner life to evaporate. ber; and liberal contributions were made Reformation, "back to Christ," means a as usual both to home and foreign misreturn to primitive Christianity, the in- sions. Notwithstanding the large gifts dwelling- Spirit. And nothing but Pente- in money and service reported for Red costal Christianitv will overcome.-REv. Cross and other relief work, the custom- R. P. MACKAY,"D D .. Secretary of the ary missionary boxes were sent out and Board of Missions, Canadian Presby- the poor of Toronto were not forgotten. terian Church. It seems incredible that in the midst "A New Spirit of Service" of so much sorrow and anxiety, time and money could be found for so many lines Even amid the sorrow and loss that of Christian effort. But when sacrifice have come with the war our reports show and self-denial are the watchwords, there a hopeful and progressive spirit, and give seems no limit to the powers of achievemany instances of an unflagging devotion ment. to the work. Indeed it would seem that the new spirit of service called into be- "When we closed last year," says the ing by the struggle of the Empire for pastor, "we called it the 'year of challiberty and righteousness has awakened lenge.' For so it was.' And we held it manv to a more vivid realization of the to the praise of our God that we met worid's need of a Saviour. the test that 1915 brought us. That was the vear in which we first felt the With courage and hope we look to the strain of the. war. 'Somewhere in future, a courage and hope based on the France' our dead were sleeping. When power of prayer and on the leading of our we faced the new year-wondering Heavenly Father who wiII in His own what 1916 would bring us-we could good time bring peace to the world. think of nothing better than the words When this blessed day comes, may we be of a favorite hvmn, 'In Jesus' keeping found worthy of the noble lives that we are safe-and they.' In this faith we have been laid down for us in the con- have passed the 'year of the greater chalflict. May we labor to make a better lenge.' Again and yet again we have world because they have died, and may been tested, but as the year left us, it we never rest satisfied until we have done was in the fullness of the experience of our full share in helping to give the the apostle, 'He giveth more grace.' God blessed hope of everlasting life to the dis- never failed us. He made Himself our tant peoples who now know nothing of rock." Christ.-BESSIE MACMuRCHY, Secretary of the Woman's Missionary Society, These messages come with especial Canadian Presbyterian Church. force in vieW of our entry into the war.

METHODS

REMEMBER THE MISSIONARIES in miSSIOns (think of it!) recently stood up in Wednesday evening meeting and One thing we need to remember just offered a fervent prayer for "the misno," is that (to use Carey's simile), the sionaries who must be so lonely at this missionaries are down in the dark mines time." of heathenism digging out souls while we at home are holding the ropes. We Where Suffering Is Chronic have pledged them our support and theee pledges must be kept at all hazards. We do not minimize the suffering Vhatever else we undertake we must be caused by the Great War and feel that true to the men and women at the front it would be impossible to do too much -our substitutes in the outposts of the in the way of Red Cross and other re- Lord's army. lief work. Nevertheless we believe that such facts as the following, presented in The position of the missionaries the right way, would not only help to throughout the war has been a trying keep us loyal to our missionary obligaone. None of them, so far as we know, tions, but awaken a sympathetic interest has met a tragic end while at the post in the work on the part of those who are of duty. But a number have suffered now indifferent to it. death frum over-strain, especially in Persia and Turkey, where conditions 1. We are appalled at the awful sufhave been so terrible and relief work so fering and loss of life in Europe, yet it heavy. is a mere drop in the bucket compared with the sacrifice of life and the end- In other lands, too, their lot has been less agony endured year after year as a far from enviable. Many have seen their normal condition in many parts of the work suffer, and far away from home mission field. Last year 2,000,000 died and loved ones, the uncertainty of the on the battlefield; during the same perfuture, which hangs like a pall over the iod 33,000,000 died without Christ on whole world, is doubly hard to bear. the mission field. We are rightl}' con- One has but to read the chapter, "When cerned over the two million; what about the Great War Came," in Mary Sles- the thirty-three? sor's biography, to get a glimpse of what the war has meant to those on the field. 2. We cannot bear the thought of lit- To Mary Slessor herself, ill and over- tle children starving in Europe and send worked, it proved a death blow. Though shiploads of provisions to relieve their she went on bravely with the routine distress. Yet, according to Robert E. duties of the station- she did not rally Speer, 30,000,000 half-fed Chinese chillong after the news came of the invasion dren cry themselves to sleep every night of Belgium and the reverses of the Allies. and this condition has been going on for The hardest thing to bear, in her far ages. But only a few seem to care. away African home, was the lack of news from the front. "Oh, for a telegram," 3. We feel the keenest sympathy for she would cry, "or even a boy bawling in the war-sufferers of Europe who are the street I" homeless and lack sufficient food. Yet, according to Bishop Thoburn, more than For the sake of the missionaries we 100,000,000 people in India, China and must guard our treasuries well. In Africa (more than the population of the these days of many appeals there will be United States) sleep without shelter danger of funds given for their support every night and more than 200,000,000 being diverted to other more popular lie down to rest with hunger unsatisfied. channels. How little we care about this!

And we must redouble our prayers 4. OUf indignation is intense at the and seek to enlist the sympathies of the treatment women have received during indifferent. Perhaps this may not be so the war at the hands of their captors. hard as we think. We have been much Yet it is more than matched by what has touched to learn that an elder in a Pres- gone on unchecked for centuries in many byterian Church who has never believed mission lands. Let W. P. Livingstone

in "Mary Slessor of Calabar," Dan missions along two lines: (1) The large Crawford in "Thinking Black," or number of Bibles carried into the coun- Donald Fraser in "Winning a Primitive try in the knapsacks of the soldiers and People," tell you something of the indig- the work of an agent of the A;nerican nities women have endured for ages in Bible Society who traveled with the Africa with scant sympathy or help from army much of the time, paved the way for their white brothers and sisters. Protestant missions later on. (2) At the close of the war all the territory now Do you know about the immense occupied by the states of California, Ne- amount of relief work done by Cyrus vada, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah Hamlin for the British forces during passed into the hands of the United the Crimean War? States, and became accessible to Gospel effort. (See "The Centennial Historv He tells about it in his biography, of the American Bible Society," by "My Life and Times." It is a fascinat- Henry Otis Dwight.) ing story that cannot fail to be of in- terest just now. 3. The Civil War (1861-5) : This war threatened disaster to missions. But, Former Wars and Foreign Missions there was no cessation of effort, though great progress was hardly possil:le. One way of keeping up interest in Sorely as both North and South needed missions in war time is by means of men and money, new missionaries were timely papers and addresses. We be- sent out by both sides and there was lieve the topic, "Our Former Wars anti' money enough for the work. The rec- Foreign Missions" would prove of in- ords 0.£ the Northern Presbyterian terest just now and suggest the follow- Church show that 58 new men and ing outline for its development. women were sent out during the years 1861-5, and we understand that the con- 1. The War of 1812 (1812-14): This tributions increased during the period. war apparently had no effect on missions. (See "The War and the Missionary Though attacks upon American shipping Call," pp. 409-411 in the June, 1917, iswere of frequent occurrence and war sue of THE REVIEW.) seemed inevitable, the infant Arn"erican Board sent forth its first missionaries in 4. The Spanish-American War February, 1812, on what proved to be (1898) : This event proved a great thing the last vessels that sailed for Asia be- for missions. Undertaken to assist a fore the break came. They reached their single island in the Atlantic in its strugdestination in safety and the Board was gle for freedom, in the providence of able to finance the projects. (See "The God it opened a whole archipelago in Story of the American Board," by the Pacific to the Gospel of the Lord Strong.) Jesus Christ. The Philippines had been rigidly closed to Protestant effort and in In 1813, notwithstanding the war, Cuba and Porto Rico the work had met great interest was aroused in missions with bitter opposition. When the Uniamong the Baptists owing to the J udsons' ted States took possession of these islands change in faith. In May, 1814, while the l1ission Boards at once entered in, the war was still in progress, the Ameri- and the gains have been rapid. In 1900 can Baptist Foreign Missionary Society there were no Protestant Christians in the Philippines; by 1910 there were was organized, the Judsons were adopt- 76,000. (See "The Centennial History of the American Bible Society" and the ed as its missionaries and funds were following articles in THE MISSIONARY quickly raised for their support. (See REVIEW OF THE WORLD: "The Friars "Life of Adoniram Judson," by Edward in the Philippines," July, 1898; and "Ex- Judson.) pelled From the Philippines," December, 1898, both by F. DeP. Castells. 2. The Mexican War (1846-7): The war with Mexico, a land tight closed to the Gospel, proved an advantage to

WOlnan's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS E. B. VERMILYE, NEW YORK THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Woman's American Baptist Home Missions Society. MISSIONS Christian Woman's Board of Missions. THE Council of Women for Home Woman's Home Missionary Federation Missions was organized in 1907 in (Congregational) . response to the growing sense among Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Protestant denominations of the need of Society, Evangelical Lutheran Church, Gen- closer union for more effective service. eral Synod. Its formation was contiguous with that Woman's Missionary Society, Lutheran of the Home Missiorts Council, and General Council. shortly following the first meeting of Woman's Home Missionary Society, Metho- the Federal Council of Churches. It dist Episcopal Church. crystalized the realization of the Wo- Woman's Missionary Council, Home De- men's Home Mission Boards of the need partment, Methodist Episcopal Church South. of closer co-operation in spirit, planning, Voman's Auxiliary, Presbyterian Church, and action for the coming of the kingdom U. S. A. of Christ in our own land. Its purpose- Woman's Board of Home Missions, Presas expressed in its Constitution-is "to byterian Church, U. S. A. establish a medium through which N a- Women's Board of Domestic Missions, Retional Women's Boards and Societies may formed Church, U. S. A. co-operate in wider plans and more ef- 'Nomen's General Missionary Society, fective work for the Homeland." While United Presbyterian Church of North Amer- the Council occupies only an advisory ica. and co-ordinating position among the Corresponding Boards. Boards which constitute it, it can do for Woman's Board of Home Missions, Chrisall in interdenominational lines what no tian Church. one can do for itself. Voman's Home Missionary Council of Friends in America. The Council is made up of eleven N a- Woman's Missionary S(;ciety, Evangelical tional Women's Boards for Home Mis- Association. ~ions-called consti tuen t members; six Woman's Missionary Society of the Genboards-national in scope but doing more eral Synod, Reformed Church in the United restricted Home Mission work, termed States. corresponding members; the Young Wo- Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary men's Christian Association, and the Society, United Evangelical Church. National Woman's Christian Temper- Woman's Missionary Association, United ance Union, as consulting members. Brethren in Christ. Ten Summer Schools for Missions are affiliated with the Council which main- A /filiated Summer Schools: tains with them co-operative and advisory relations, while in no way interfering in Boulder, Colorado-June 13-20. their management. The individual mem- East Northfield-July 18-24. bership of the Council is made up of Los Angeles, California-(?) nine representatives from each Constitu- Minnesota-June 13-19. ent Board; two from each Correspond- Mount Hermon, California-July 16-21. ing Board; and the Chairman of each af- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 3-9. filiated Summer School. Representatives Omaha, Nebraska-Winter session. No from the Consulting Boards are invited Summer school. to sit with the Council at its meetings Winona Lake, Indiana-June 22-29. and serve on its committees. De Land, Florida-Winter session. Denton, Texas-June 10-15. The Constituent Boards and Societies of the Council are: The Council also conducts and entirely finances a Home Mission Institute at Chautauqua, N. Y., early in August. As no Summer School can be conducted at Chautauqua independently of the man- agement, or with separate revenue; and as this presents a great opportunity for presenting Home Missions, tl-.e Council gladly takes advantage of the invitation to hold its Institute.

The Council largely conducts its ac-

tivities through the following standing interest in and knowledge of Home Miscommittees .. sions among young women students. As the chairman notes: "It is evident to Home Mission Study Courses and Litera- those who have come into close touch ture. Mrs. J. S. Allen, Chairmnn. with the recent trend of thought prev- alent in the universities and colleges of Home Mission Summer Schools. Mrs. Mary this country which are not under Chris- Fisk Park, Chairman. tian administration, that there is a strong tendency-especially in courses on psy- Home Mission Interests in Schoob, Col- chology and philosophy to disparage the leges and Young People's Conferences. Mrs. influence and power of the Christian faith D. E. Waid, Chairman. as a life force. Christian students to- day demand a practical expression of the Home Mission Interests Among Children. soul's higher impulses that shall be al- Miss Edith Scammon, Chairman. truistic in character. If they study the Bible the subject is quite likely to be the Home Mission Comity and Co-operation. social teachings of Jesus with a view to Mrs. O. R. Judd, Chairman. practical application to service." In view of this undoubted tendency the work of Home Mission Interests Among Immi- this committee is far-reaching and valugrants. Mrs. J. A. Lewis, Chairman. able.

Home Mission Day of Prayer. Mrs. The Committee on Home Mission In- Luke G. Johnson, Chairman. terests among Children is striving to reach the children through suitable litera- The Committee on Study Courses and ture and by approved modern methods, Literature has charge of preparing the and to present missions in an attractive text books for Seniors and Juniors, issued garb in order to stimulate their interest by the Council; and of all other litera- and increase their knowledge. ture published or revised. The purpose of this Committee-and of the Council The Committee on Comity and Co- -is embodied in a statement from the operation seeks to strengthen interdenomlast Annual report of the Chairman: inational fellowship and co-operation, and "These more apparent objects being the in agreement with the Home Missions spread of information on some objective Council to assist Women's Home :Misphase of Home Missions from year to sion Boards and societies to avoid overyear, through the publication of text lapping on Home Mission fields. books and promoting their use so as to increasingly add to the number of those For the Committee on Home Mission interested in and sustaining the cause of Interests among immigrants there has Home Missions. The farthest horizon been wide scope in the teaching of Engof this perspective is found in the fact lish; in furthering Christian education that the Council has come into being and and Bible study; and, in co-operation is here to apprehend the significant tend- with the Home Mission Council, in work at Ports of Entry. The practical cessaencies and trends of thought affecting tion of immigration since the war has the development of Missions and to seek checked these opportunities and activities, to interpret these intelligibly and con- but the end of the war will bring enstructively to those responsible for lead- larged service for the strangers within ership of Protestant Church women in our gates. relation to Christianizing their own land. The Committee on Day of Prayer ar- The text books for the current year ranges the program for the Home Misare: Senior book "Missionary Mile- sion Day of Prayer in February, and stones," by Mrs. Margaret Seebach and tries to stimulate its observance. "Bearers of the Torch" Junior Book, by Miss Katharine Crowell. Both these Since the formation of the Council books have helpful supplements. Mrs. George W. Coleman has been its beloved and efficient President. Owing The Committee on Summer Schools adds to its general supervision and helpfulness to the existing affiliated schools, recommendations for new centres for such new schools as may seem expedient. The Committee on Home Mission In- terests among Schools, Colleges and Young Peoples' Conferences finds a wide field in effort to present and promote

rgr7] WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

to personal reasons Mrs. Coleman de- tion, the efforts for the Christianization clined re-election at the last Annual of our land must not be checked or set meeting. The Council accepted her aside. This land, and its attitude toward withdrawal with great and sincere regret, Christ will be of more importance than but the acceptance of Mrs. F. S. Bennett ever before at the conclusion of this of the election to the responsible office world agony; therefore, while adding all gave re-assurance for the future. The possible service, the chief work of the officers for the current year are: Council must still be for the coming of the Kingdom in our land, and the hasten- President-Mrs. F. S. Bennett. ing of the hour when He shall reign, and Vice-President-at-Large-Miss E. B. Ver- His spirit and councils prevail from shore milye. to shore. Corresponding Secretary-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox. THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Recording Secretary-Mrs. P. M. Rossman. MISSIONS AND PRESENT DAY NEEDS Treasurer-Mrs. P. F. Jerome.

Other vice-presidents representing the The Council of Women for Home constituent Boards: Missions, though not itself an instru- ment of executive work in definite com- Mrs. G. W. Coleman, Mrs. Charles L. munities, yet represents a vast influence Fry, Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Mrs. R. touching tens of thousands of children of W. MacDonnell, Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, neglect giving them power to overcome Mrs. Wm. S. Cook. the blighting circumstances of their lives and environment through Christian edu- The Council feels that the present cation and nurture, helping them to live world conditions call for more effort on physically, mentally and spiritually so as the part of every Christian organization to be useful citizens of the nation and and Christian woman. Because America members of the Household of Faith. It must now take her place actively among also interprets Christ and the ideals of the world powers, and because only as Christian patriotism to hundreds of thoushe is herself Christian can she give a sands of aliens in the land, while it Christian message or exert a Christian brings the impulses of new life to back- influence on other lands or peoples, so ward communities and nourishes the must effort for her Christianization be sources of new life and growth for the redoubled. At the recent meeting in Christian church. Washington called by the Federal Coun- cil of Churches to formulate a message To this service of Christian education, from the churches in this hour of uni- of healing, of interpreting Christ and versal catastrophe and crisis, members of Christian standards and ideals to foreign the Federal Council's Commissions and tongued peoples, the constituent groups delegates from Women's organizations of the Council have dedicated themselves -such as the Council of Women for and created effective agencies and ma- Home Missions; the Young Women's chinery for administration. Christian) Association; the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Miss:ons, If this ministry fails irreparable loss and representatives of other bodies not must inevitably follow, so the Council included in the membership of the Fed- believes that the greatest contribution to eral Council were invited to participate the needs of the day is to maintain at a in the sessions. Short reports of planned, high level the work already committed or intended work under present condi- to the Boards. tions were presented bv the invited bodies. The conviction of th~ Council as to its To this end the Council recommends: part and duty was embodied in the following message from the chairman of its First-In view of the fact that large delegates. While the delegates expressed numbers of young men are at present in the earnest desire to co-operate in any army camps, or have been ordered to deservice for war preparations or participa- tached service, such as bridge guarding, protection of factories, and so forth, the

Council urges upon the women of the a full part in promoting Red Cross acmissionary societies that they feel keen tivities in their localities not to divert responsibility for the welfare of those gifts and work of their missionary sociyoung men who are in their immediate eties to other purposes. vicinity, and that they use every endeavor to stimulate their own church and the Sixth-That Home Mission women churches in their community to active co- use their influence in maintaining the operation in providing such social life standards of hours and conditions of and such religious training as will protect labor for women and children that are the soldiers from evil influences. in line with the best social economics, that the gains already made in legislation Second-That to meet this need they along these lines may not be lost. strive that the church parlors may at all times be open to these young men for . Seventh-That the Council would rereading, writing, or for entertainment emphasize the necessity already brought and that these be in the care of such ma- before the public for the careful use and ture and trained people, as shall be able conservation of food and the mppression to help those who come to the rooms. of personal extravagance.

Third-That, as our foreign tongued CURRENT TOPICS IN HOME MISSIONS people are now unusually sympathetic and susceptible to American ideals and Chris- Metal Miners in Coeur d'Alenes tian effort, the work of the Boards among them shall be given eager and full The district called Upper Coem support, that this wonderful opportunity d'Alenes has an enormous output of lead of bringing them the appeal of Christian- and zinc. The population is large and ity and patriotism roay not be lost. The shifting. The work of the churches has women of our sor.ieties and the young been somewhat uncertain, and thus far women of the colleges are urged to ex- no adequate solution for any of the numpress to foreign tongued women the sym- erous social problems has been found. pathy and under.~tanding of Christian people in this time of anxiety and per- Wallace is an attractive town of four plexity and to assist them practically thousand inhabitants. It is the centre of through the teaching of English, home a rich mining district of four canyons, economics and sanitation. each canyon of considerable importance. Including all in the district there are Fourth-That, as the demand for cer- about ten thousand people and perhaps tain classes of labor has brought hun- not one-tenth of them attend any kind dreds of thousands of Negroes into new of religious service. All classes of ·society localities unaccustomed to minister to the can be found here-those who have enpeculiar needs of these people, and as joyed education, culture and travel; the their migration (stimulated by others) middle class, comprising the largest part imposes many hardships and dangers of those who attend church, and the lower upon them, the Council urges the Boards class of whom only a small element comto take whatever steps are possible to paratively are poor, ignorant and shiftmeet this emergency and suggests also less. the need of strengthening all their Negro work at this time, when they are faced Seven miles from here in the Mullen by so much that is difficult and bewild- Canyon lies the little town of Mullen beering in their civic relations. tween the hills. The difference between Mullen and Vallace is very great. Wal- Fifth-That, as the work of Home lace is a city-Mullen a mining town. Missions is one of the greatest patriotic The boys there do not respond to the assets of the country and in view of the same appeals. There are more foreigners irreparable loss that would ensue if the in Mullen–Finns, Swedes, and Nor- Boards turn aside from the work to wegians, and whether people be Finnish which they are committed, the Council or Swedish, Norwegian or Greek, Gerurges missionary societies, while taking man, English or Italian, all understand and respond to kindness and good wilL

THOUGHTS

MR§ SllONARY ADDRJESSJB§ Prepared by THE REV. J. RITCHIE SMITH, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Thoughts on Giving SACRIFICES OF THE NEW TESTAMENT soul and body. The soul, the inner life, is nourished by faith and prayer; the 1. Self. Rom. 12:1. II. Cor. 8 :5. body, the outer life and activity, is sus- 2. Praise. Heb.13:15. Compare the tained by the gifts and labors of its striking words of Hosea, "So will we members. ,render as bullocks the offering of our lips," (14:2). We shall be judged not only by what 3. Doing good and giving. Heb. 13 :16. we have given and done, but by what Phil. 4:18. we have failed to give and do. Dives These are the "spiritual sacrifices, ac- did not abuse Lazarus, he simply negceptable to God through Jesus Christ," lected him. To those upon the left that believers are to offer as a holy priest- hand of the Judge it is said, "Ye did hood. 1. Pet. 2 :5. it not."

*** It was the unfaithful servant who said, "I knew thee that thou art a hard Great stress is laid on the use of man." The less we do the more we commoney throughout the Scripture. Many plain. of our Lord's parables are concerned with it; much of His teaching turns upon it. *** All true giving begins with the GIFT "HONOR THE LORD WITH THY SUB- OF SELF. Every other gift is easy when STANCE" (Prov. 3 :9). This text is we have first given ourselves. There usually made the basis of an appeal for was a man who spoke of my goods, my money, but it may be used in a broader many years; but God called him a fool. way. Honor God in all your dealing with money, in earning, spending, saving, Many a man who sings, "Here, Lord, giving. I give myself away," and drops a penny in the plate does give himself away in a We may so use the riches of this world sense very different from that of the as to lay up treasure in heaven, and make hymn. to ourselves friends who shall receive us into the eternal tabernacles. He who does not put his Lord's money to use is unfaithful as well as he who *** squanders it. The servants in the parable are not commanded to keep the The old inscription is forever true: pound that is entrusted to them, but to trade with it. What I spent I had; What I kept I lost; It is not enough that a man be a good What I gave I have. husband and father, he must be a good citizen, too, devoting some part of his * '* * time and service to the state. The Christian is a member of an organiza- There were many whom Jesus healed tion which stretches round the world, and blessed. Only one of them brought and has his share of responsibility for its him a thank offering, Mary of Bethany. work. He must pray, and serve and give. Others brought spices to anoint his dead body, Mary alone of his disciples The Church, like man, is composed of anointed the living Christ in token of the gratitude that fined her heart. The woman that was a sinner poured the ointment upon his feet in penitence and faith, Mary in thankfulness and love.

GIFTS AND STEWARDSHIP come to God in the true spirit of wor- ship, unless we acknowledge that all we "lfs each hath received a gift, mmls- have belongs to Him. We may give as tering it among yourseh'es, as good a substitute for self-surrender-that is stewards of the manifold grace of God." condemned: or we may give as an ex- (1. Pet. 4:10.) pression of self-surrender-that is ac- cepted. Christ did not die to purchase 1. The gift-not some peculiar or ex- to himself one-seventh of our time or onetraordinary endowment. The strength tenth of our income; he died to redeem of mind and body with which we carry the whole man, body, soul, and spirit, on our daily work is a gift. "What with all that belongs to Him. "Ye are hast thou that thou didst not receive?" not your own; for ye were bought with (1. Cor. 4: 7.) Gifts are many and a price." (I. Cor. 6:19, 20.) varied, for the grace of God is manifold. (Rom. 12:6.) *** 2. The ministry. "Through love be In the world we grow rich by saving, servants one to another." (Gal. 5 :13.) "All of you gird yourselves with humil- in the Kingdom we grow rich by giving. ity, to serve one another." (1. Pet. 5 :5.) OUR REASONS FOR NOT GIVING 3. The stewardship. We are servants of men, stewards of God. "It is Why is it that we who have little to required in stewards, that a man be give are often so slow to give it? Sevfound faithful." (I. Cor. 4:2.) All eral reasons may be suggested: that we have is the gift of God. We hold it in trust for Him. We shall give 1. Pride. We are ashamed to put our account of it to Him. penny beside another man's dollar.

GOD'S NEED AND OURS 2. A real but mistaken humility. 3. We do not appreciate the value of God has no need of our gifts. little things. They make up life, shape "Neither is he served by men's hands, character, form the bulk of our lifework. as though he needed anything" (Acts The poor widow gave more than they 17:25. See also Ps. 50:9-12). We all, because they gave only money, while serve Him by serving His childeen. she gave faith and prayer and love, and these are more precious than gold. Her One of the most persistent and pesti- example has drawn wealth without measlent of heresies is the belief that God ure into the treasury of the kingdom. claims only a part of our time and money, "God weigheth more with how much and that the rest is ours to do with as love a man worketh than how much he we please. It creeps into our religious doeth. He doeth much that loveth literature, invades the pulpit, is taught much" (Thomas A' Kempis). in our Sunday-schools, poisons the lives of multitudes. *** *** "What hast thou in the house?" was the question of Elisha when a poor Whenever a division is made between woman asked him for help. She said God and self, self gets the lion's share. nothing, and if she had stopped there Gold for business, silver for pleasure, the prophet would have wrought no mircopper for the kingdom of God. acle. From nothing nothing comes. But she went on: Nothing but a pot of oil. We cannot give one day to God and It was little, but it was enough. A pot keep six ourselves. The week is a chain of oil with God's blessing will supply of seven links. How can we leave six every need. The miracle taught again of them upon the ground, and lift th" the old law, that increase in every seventh to the skies? We do not give sphere comes by the use of what we God the Sabbath day unless we give Him have. God transforms, multiplies; He every day. The week belongs to God does not create. What we have is the or mammon, not to both. condition, the starting point, of blessing.

We cannot give one-tenth of our in-

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ISLANDS OF THE SEA at government expense, receiving during A Church for Filipino Students this time a salary of one-half the regular A remuneration of the positions they take. NEW building, which is a combination church and library, has been For Advance in Mindanao erected on the mission property adjoining EXCEPT for the Episcopal station at the College of Agriculture at Los Banos, Zamboanga, the Island of Mindanao Laguna, in the Philippine Islands. has been assigned, by mutual agreement Elaborate exercises were held on the among the missions working in the Phil- Sunday when it was dedicated. In the morning 125 students met in a Bible ippines, to the American Board. The class, and the evening of the day was varied population of the island, which is appropriately observed by an evangelistic the largest in the Philippine group, in- service. Twenty-nine young men came -ludes the majority of the Mohammedan forward, indicating their desire to be- Moros; a large number of the so-called come Christians, and they have been 1231-Review of World-Eighteen formed into an inquirers' class. There wild tribes, reaching the coast on the are 500 students in the College of Agri- south and stretching away into the un- culture and the School of Forestry at Los explored interior of the island; and many Banos, and the opportunity for religious of the more educated and partly Chris- work among them is large. The mission tianized Filipinos. A commendable be- church has seized the opportunity of ginning has been made with a single drawing the students into its life by station at Davao and another projected building a library and reading room in at the north; but, at the annual meeting connection with the church, which is free of the Board, held in October, it was to all the young men. voted that a special fund should be raised of not less than $25,000, to start a de- Education for Poor Filipinos cided advance in the Philippine work:.

U NDER the provisions of a bill re- Over $5,000 was offered on the spot. cently introduced in the Philippine Such an amount will provide for two legislature, all Filipinos who have four or more children will be entitled to gov- new missionary families for the wild ernment assistance in their education. tribes, the head of one of which should be a physician. It would also make a Parents who desire to avail themselves trained nurse possible. The Board IS of this will present to the municipal making an especial appeal for such a board an application giving the following fund.

A facts: name and residence; occupation; The Marshall and Gilbert Islands number of children; a statement that the applicant is too poor to furnish the chil- FTER two and a half years the dren with an education, with names of American Board has heard from persons who will act as references. Mr. and Mrs. Maas in the MarshalI Under this bill the bureau of education Islands, where he had been practicalIy in- will co-operate to the extent of furnish- terned by the Japanese Government since ing poor children with the necessary they took over the islands from Germany.

school outfit, including textbooks, note- He has been allowed to work under re- books, pencils, penholders, etc. stnctlOns. They have received letter!'

I t is further provided in the bilI that from the Board but were not allowed to Filipino students receiving government write. Mrs. Maas barely escaped death aid will serve the government for one- through a severe burning.

half as long a time as they have studied The American Board has transferred

its work in the Gilbert Islands to the vention appointed a Commission to VISit London Missionary Society which is in a Liberia and that this Commission was better position to meet the needs. This authorized, in consultation with the Prereleases Rev. and Mrs. Frank J. Wood- siding Bishop and the Executive Commitward for work in the Philippines, where tee of the Board of Missions. to add to they will find a much larger field. Rev. its number for the purpose of making a and Mrs. Julius S. Augur have arrived survey of the French Central African in Mindanao and are at work. Plateau with reference to the establish- ment of a mission of this Church there- AFRICA in. Under present conditions, it is im- possible to decide upon the date of de- A Revival Among the Kroos parture. The world war and the inter- nal conditions in Africa combine to REV. WALTER WI L L I AM S render ineffectual an investigation such (Nanah Kroo via Sinoe, Liberia, as the Commission should undertake. West Africa) has for several years been The most that can be done now is to praying for the salvation of a certain complete all necessary arrangements so tribe. Recently he visited one of their as to be ready to start without delay towns and this is what he learned: whenever the way shall be opened."

"One night while the missionary, miles Growth Among African Christians away, was on his knees, a young woman in this bush town dreamed that God T HE Southern Baptist mission in spoke to her and told her she must call Africa reports progress along sevto her people to put away ju-jus and eral lines. In many sections of the every dirty thing and hold God. She African field the chiefs and elders, awoke and with the unquestioning sim- aroused by the fact that so many young plicity of a child began to give her mes- people are deserting old religious cussage. At first disregarded, the Word toms for the service of Christ, persecuted began to catch her hearers and God's relentlessly these young converts. These Spirit took mighty hold. Ju-jus were persecutions, however, have not retarded cast aside, country medicine dug up from the work, but have rather fallen out for all the devil rocks around, and a rude the furtherance of the Gospel. The concross reared before the chief's house." gregations all over the field increased greatly during the year. The spiritual fire has already spread to an adjacent town. In the first settle- The most encouraging progress was ment a church is going up and a Kroo made in the development of self-support. preacher has been put over it, who for Two of the Ogbomoso churches assumed years has preached Christ and lived the entire self-support and a number of the gospel of a clean life in his native town churches, in the Ogbomoso and Oyo without any pay. Four times the fields especially, made a decided advance heathen have broken down his house. in their contributions to the work. One stolen his property, ruined his farm, and of the churches in the Ogbomoso field beaten him. Now he comes to shepherd erected, without any outside aid, the this little flock out in the forest. largest church building in the entire mis- sion and also built a house for the pastor. The Sudan Commission Other church buildings are in progress. The First Baptist Church in Lagos, an "I T has no doubt been a disappoint- entirely self-supporting organization, al- ment to the many people who know though greatly embarrassed by war conof the critical situation in the French Su- ditions, has a credit balance in the bank dan created by the threatened Moslem for the first time in its history. invasion," says a writer in the Southern Churchman, "that no definite plans have The new class which entered the theobeen announced for the carrying out of logical training school last fall practically the instructions of the General Conven- doubled the students in that instItution. tion. It will be recalled that the Con-

FROM MANY LANDS

Work at Port Said to be taken against the depredations of white ants. If the demand for the W HEN 700 Russian sailors landed Bibles keeps up at the present level, the at Port Said, each of them was 3,100 copies will be sold within a year." presented with a copy of the Russian New Testament by the agent of the Nigerian Gifts to Belgium American Bible Society, who has re- ceived a special letter of thanks from T HE effects of the war are world- the Russian Consul. wide, and sometimes they are very curious. Who would have thought some Christian Life in the Congo years ago that people in Belgium would at this time be receiving relief from L UEBO, in Central Africa, is the freed slave children in Nigeria? Yet so principal station of the Southern it has happened. The children in the Presbyterians, who have the largest Home of Freed Slaves carried on by the Protestant mission in the Congo country. Sudan United Mission at Rumasha, To say that there is a congregation of Nigeria, on being told of the suffering two thousand on Sunday, that there is a in Belgium, asked that £1 should be school here of seven or eight hundred, donated from their contributions at Sun- and that there are two services a day day services to the Belgium Relief Fund. attended by nearly a thousand; this is These children are given the opportunity just beginning to tell the story. The of earning money in various ways, and influence of the Mission is felt far and the Sunday collections are a freewill wide. Evangelists are constantly in offering on their part from the money training, but they cannot supply the de- so earned by them. Such an incident mand that is coming in from all around possesses a peculiar interest in view of for more workers. the attitude formerly displayed by some Belgian subjects towards African natives At the saw-mill the men work until in the Congo. twelve, handling logs and lumber and then they have prayer-meetings and The "Sasswood Test" school until they start to work again at 1 o'clock. One of the workmen leads THE depths of heathenism with which the meeting and teaches school. On missionaries in Africa have to con- Wednesday and Sunday nights there are prayer-meetings all over the village. tend are illustrated in the following These meetings are all the more re- story from Angola, West Africa. markable because the natives started them without any suggestion from the At Condo, our farthest outstation to missionaries. the south, about thirty miles away, the workers have had much to try their A Load of Bibles in the Bush faith. The people are of the Songo tribe, considered almost inaccessible to A RCHDEACON DENNIS of Ebu, the Gospel, glorying in their wicked- Owerri, describes the arrival of a ness. One of our Christians moved to consignment of Bibles: "News is brought this spot. He was weak and frail to the mission station that cases have ar- physically, but a real work of grace had rived at the nearest point to the river. begun in his heart. He found the sur- Imagine a line of 124 African carriers, rounding country being depopulated each with the regulation load of sixty from what is known as the "sasswood pounds on his head, walking in single file test." Some one is accused of witchalong the narrow track through the bush. craft, and in order to establish his guilt Twenty-five Bibles in a tin-lined case or innocence he is required to drink a made a load, so that the porters carry poisonous concoction. If he vomits it up 3,100 copies. One hundred and twenty he usually lives, and is considered innocases take some stowing away when stor- cent j otherwise he is speedily subjected age room is limited and precautions have to torture until he is dead.

The drink is prepared from poison- communication with the outside world is roots with the addition of a powder almost cut off. made from parts of the body of victims who have already died. As soon as the But from time to time news filters breath leaves the body it is mutilated, through that reveals the worst possible the flesh dried and pounded to a powder conditions. It is authoritatively stated in a mortar. that from 100,000 to 250,000 have died from disease, starvation and exile in the MOSLEM LANDS province of the Lebanon alone. In Syria proper as many more may be added to The Log of the Caesar the death roll. An eye witness tells of passing through village after village I NTEREST in the U. S. S. Caesar sent where the only sound he heard was that with a Christmas cargo to the starving of his own footfalls, and where the only people of Syria is revived by the receipt live things remaining were the sparrows at the Navy Department, of the log of building their nests in the depopulated that historic cruise. It contains a thrill- houses. ing story of adventure and anxiety in a delay at Alexandria, Egypt, which partly A special correspondent in Switzerland destroyed the romance of the enterprise, of an Arabic paper in N ew York writes: but has not diminished the prospect of . ultimate success. Beginning its voyage "The land is without medicines and with a slight collision in New York Har- doctors. If one is ailing ever so little, bor, the Caesar encountered a near hurri- the only relief is that which death af- cane in the middle Atlantic. So severe fords. And if there were medicinal re- was the northwester that, upon arriving lief there is no food to nourish the at the Azores, it was necessary to restow emaciated bodies. I do not exaggerate the cargo and to give the men some rest when I say that almost everyone alive and liberty. The remainder of the jour- in Syria today is at least partially de- ney was uneventful until Alexandria was mented because of the awfulness seen on reached on January 19, where it was every side." found to be impossible, on account of the German submarine menace, to proceed Jewish Massacres in Palestine to Beirut and discharge the cargo. An examination of the cargo by Lloyd's T HE Turks have turned their eyes agent revealed that little damage had from the Armenians to the Jews, the been done, all being covered by insurance. race reported to have been the greatest While the American Committee is con- friend of the Moslem government since sidering the sale of the stores in the the deposing of the Sultan. It is said the Caesar's hold, which can be effected at Turks, enraged by the plans fathered by any time at a greatly increased valuation, Jews throughout the world to make of it is possible that these stores may be held Palestine a republic of Zion, have begun ready for delivery the moment the way killing large numbers of Jews in Jaffa. A is open. Need for food will become so cablegram to the provisional executive great that promptness of action will be an committee for general Zionist affairs in important consideration when the time New York city states that 8,000 men, comes. In case of sale the proceeds will, women and children of many nationalities of course, be cabled for use locally in the were forced from their homes in Jaffa on affected regions. April 1. The roads leading from the city were thronged with starving people, some Only the Sparrows Left dying by the roadside. Mutilated bodies of rich Jews were found on the sand I T is extremely difficult to get news dunes, the message said. Two Jews were from Syria. The censorship of the mails hanged "as an indication of the fate in is rigid, the missionaries and even the store for any Jews who might be so consuls cannot say what they might, and foolhardy" as to oppose looters. Bedouin Turks and women sacked the Jewish homes as the dwellers departed and all

FROM MANY LANDS

valuables were stolen. Mohammedans Crimea and Southern Russia have sent and Christians were permitted to remain representatives, as well as the Caucasus in Jaffa if they had individual permits, provinces. As soon as they leave school, but all Jews, even those who were Aus- the students find business openings invittrian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Ger- ing them. The populations of these magman, were ordered out. No free trans- nificent mountain districts and broad portation was afforded, but every fleeing prairies are remarkably heterogeneous, person who paid from $20 to $30 in gold but remarkably similar to the national was provided with carriage space for elements in Asia Minor. There are nine miles to another town.-The Con- Greeks in both, so also Turks or Tartars, tinent. Georgians, Armenians, Circassians; some are Moslems, some Christians. All of Americans Appreciated in Turkey the national elements of the college con- stituency in Asia ]t1inor have their rela- T HE impression which the personali· tives under the Russian flag, and this ties of some of the American mis- makes it easier for students from the sionaries in the Turkish Empire have north to come over and feel at home. made upon the officials is evident from the reports which are now coming to Before the outbreak of the War there the American Board of individual kind- were about fortv Russian citizens in the nesses shown. college, and, with the keen sense of young men for future values, there were over The German consul at Sivas has been fifty members of the Russian club and most kind to Miss Graffam, who now re- students of the Russian language. The mains alone at that point, and the Turk- college is seeking an increased endowish governor recently sent her a present ment, in order to make ready for the of flour, sugar, coffee, tea and oil-a great opportunity which will come :with boon indeed. When Dr. Cyril Haas, of the close of the War. our International Hospital at Adana, was ill of typhus, the imam (Mohammedan Robert College-Past and Future priest) and several Turkish notables went to the doctor's house and offered THE cabled news of the closing of prayers for the recovery of "the Doctor Robert College has been the occaeffendi, who cannot be spared from the country." He is reported out of danger. sion of a tribute to the institution by Dr. Miss Davies being also ill, an official James R. Barton in the Congregationalcaused ice to be brought by night from ist: Tarsus for fighting the fever, and this apparently saved her life. Liberty of As in the case of Marsovan College withdrawal was given by way of Con- whose buildings were requisitioned last stantinople, Bulgaria, Austria and Swit- May, the Turkish government will use zerland, and quite a large party, mostly the buildings for temporary military purwomen and children from Talas, Smyrna poses only. It repudiates any intention and Constantinople, have taken advan- of permanent confiscation. tage of the offer. Mr. Peet, the Board's treasurer at Constantinople, prepared the For fifty-four years Robert College missionaries throughout Turkey for the has been giving to the young men of break two weeks in advance, the Turk- Turkey and the Balkans an education ish censor co-operating. of the broadest type. The college from the beginning attracted the attention Russian Students in Turkey not only of the Western world but ot A NATOLIA COLLEGE, in Marso- van, Turkey, like all missionary Asiatics who visited that great capital educational institutions in the Near East, of the Near East. It has stood conspichas a very cosmopolitan body of students. uously as a monument to American phil- But its special opportunity seems now to anthropy and has unquestionably inbe a guide for the new Russia. The spired gifts to other educational insti- tutions in Turkey and In the Farther East.

Robert College may be regarded as the mother of other colleges in Turkey

that have had as many students as A Sad Baptismal Service Robert College and have, in their own REV. E. T. ALLEN, of Urumia, in a circle and sphere, exerted an influence no three weeks' itinerating tour in westless wholesome and potent. Among these are the International College at ern Persia, found many opportunities to Smyrna, Euphrates College at Harpoot, minister to people who had endured Central Turkey College at Aintab and countless hardships for Christ's sake. Anatolia College at Marsovan. The harassed Christians eagerly wel- The work of Robert College has not comed the missionary and the evangelisterminated, but faces a new era when, tic services he held drew all. At the less hampered than heretofore by local communion service, in one village, the conditions and in still closer relations largest room was used, and it was with the great number of nationalities crowded to overflowing. that have centered during the centuries in Constantinople, it will accomplish still But the most touching service was the greater things. This College and the baptism of twelve children. Woman's College have closed for the summer. One was dressed in what was left of a lace curtain-doubtless found among the loot. "Another," says Mr. Allen, "was dressed in a gunny sack, and a Relief Work in West Persia third in the flounce of a castoff .Cossack cloak, with one brass button showing the SOON after his arrival in Urumia. imperial eagle of Russia. Others had , Dr. Edward M. Dodd wrote: "Dr. garbs of unmentionable character, and McDowell took me out from Dilman on some-judging from the extent of their a circuit of three or four villages at raiment-were doubtless presented for one of which he preached to an open immersion." Nearly all the mothers were air congregation of the mountain fold. refugees who had been robbed of every- It was Sunday. That colony is fairly thing, including their clothes, and many typical of the conditions on the Salmas' who had brought their children did not plain. As you know, the refugees are have even enough to cover their own scattered around in the various villages bare skin, though the weather was cold and housed in all sorts of ways. At and raw. One poor woman had become this particular place they were using so deadened and heartbroken that when a pretty good sized mud-walled build- the missionary asked what name he ing. Adults, children, bedding, fuel, should give the child, she answered in- fodder and cattle were impartiallv differently: "Anything you like, sahib.

huddled into the available space. In His father is dead. It makes no rliffer- these rooms scores of people eat, sleep, ence."-The Continent.

harbor their few remnants of possessions and generally manage to exist. To be The Red Triangle in Mesopotamia sure the people are in rags and their lot is forlorn enough. but most of them look THE Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation is now conducting its work healthier than I would expect. They would simply starve, however, if it were for the troops at forty-seven different not for the relief from other countries. centers in Mesopotamia. Lectures on Their condition is a tribute to what has the country, its past and its future, are been done. It is touchin~ to see the wav keenly appreciated, and the winter pro- these poor people so far from home-and gram covers a series of such lectures, bv they have a real love for their wild moun- members of the Political Service and tain regions that make this exile much others. "Outposts of Mesopotamia"; more than a matter of physical want- "The Economic Future of the Land"; hang around Dr. McDowell and call "The Bagdad Railwav"; "The Land: down all manner of Oriental blessings Its History and Geography"; "My on his head. There is no doubt of their Wanderings Amongst the Arabs" ; "How appreciativeness. " to Recognise the Different Classes of

FROM MANY LANDS

Arabs"-such are some of the subjects So runs a letter signed by Rev. J. C. which have been arranged, and already a great deal of lecturing has been done R. Ewing, D.D., as Moderator of the upon Islam and upon Biblical aspects of General Assembly of India, which, after the country. describing the strong feeling aroused in India by the Canadian attitude, goes on In a score of places where the lec- to say: turer gave a simple illustrated talk: on the "Life of Christ," often with a very "Non-Christian India, as represented poor lantern to show the pictures, there by her educated classes, sees in this total was a crowd of from 500 to 1,000 men prohibition an insult to her self-respect listening breathlessly to the old story that and a denial of the rights of a common is ever new. The same experience is humanity. It has served as fuel to the repeated Sunday after Sunday. strong racial feeling which threatens to mar the happy relationship necessary for A Rajput's Ver~ict the well-being of the two races so mys- teriously brought together by Providence, A YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN and no less necessary for the sympathetic ASSOCIATION secretary at reception of the Gospel by India-its work among the troops in Mesopotamia, principal presentation being largely by writes: "I am working chiefly in the foreign missionaries, and its principal base general hospital. In our morning professors being western nations. The rounds we take papers, magazines, books, situation is thus a serious one for miswar gifts, and distribute them among the sionary work." patients. The men will be anxiously waiting for us, to request us to send a The Presbyterian Church of India money order or a parcel, or write an application, or change the book they were THE Presbyterian Church in India is reading for a new book. They trust us the body resulting from the union in implicity, and they think that the Association secretary has the correct infor- 1904 of five churches, United Free mation about everything in the world, Church, the Established Church of even about the war. The respect we get Scotland, the Presbyterian Church in is overwhelming-salaams all along the the U. S. A., the Presbyterian Church of way. One day a Rajput, who had been Canada and the Presbyterian Church of sent to the hospital from the firing line, Ireland. These five churches, constitutcalled me, and in the true Indian fash- ing thirteen presbyteries, and divided now ion started with my salary, family, etc., into four synods, met in an annual Genand then he told me that the Young eral Assembly for the first four years Men's Christian Association people are after the union. Since 1907 the meetthe only ones the soldiers love in this ings have been biennial. great war, and if he is well again he is going to corne back to Mesopotamia to At the present time the Presbyterian do voluntary service with the Associa- Church in India represents a total Christion." tian community of 92,678. This is an increase of 12,739 over the previous year, INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON or of nearly 14 per cent. The total num- ber of ministers in the thirteen presby- Canada and Indian Immigration teries is 262.

" 0 N behalf of the Presbyterian The statistical reports presented at the Church in India we venture to ac- last General Assembly indicate a steady quaint our sister Church in Canada with growth during the last decade, during the difficulty that has arisen in our mis- which the number of candidates for the sionary work as a result of the recent pro- ministry has doubled, the number of eldhibition of Indian immigration in the Do- ers also doubled, the communicants inminion." creased nearly 50 per cent., the baptized community more than 400 per cent. and the contributions of the congregations more than 100 per cent.-The Continent.

India's National Missions never brought to us for "treatment be- cause of the results of the habit (for the THE report of the National Mission- parents are honestly unaware of the con- ary Society of India gives an inter- nection between cause and effect) but on account of some special ailment, inesting account of the first ten years' work. directly due to the drug. In most cases The inauguration of the National Mis- it is quite obvious what is wrong with sionary Society was welcomed by all those the child. who had been waiting anxiously for a deeper sense of responsibility toward the "It is gratifying to find in how many non-Christians by the Christian Church cases the mothers are willing to carry out in India. The Society was constituted treatment when the condition is exa common platform for uniting Indian plained to them, and to see how quickly Christians of all denominations and prov- the little patients respond, unless the inces in the cause of the evangelization of case is hopelessly advanced." India. The pages of the report contain many interesting incidents in the work An Indian Adopts a School that has been carried on in the five fields in which their workers are principally REV. ALDEN H. CLARK, of engaged, and there is very much to be Ahmednagar, tells an interesting grateful for. story of a devoted Indian Christian: The results of the period may be Rambhau is a sturdy, middle-aged briefly summarized. Missionary work is carried on in five unoccupied parts of Christian, of the village of Khandala, India; thirty workers are serving in eight miles from Ahmednagar. He and various capacities in the mission; there his wife had a great sorrow-their childare 1,200 church members; educational lessness. For years the Christian comwork is carried on in seven schools; two munity in Khandala had been in a morisuccessful dispensaries are conducted by bund state, but some time ago Rambhau trained doctors; one English and several decided that he would give the village vernacular journals are published under mission school and church the place in its auspices. In each field there is evi- his life which a child would have taken. dence of a deep earnestness among the And so he set about "adopting" the workers, an earnestness which has re- church. A mission night school was sulted in gratifying response from the started and oil was needed for the lamp. people. Rambhau supplied it, saying nothing to anybody. The attendance at school was Opium for Indian Babies poor and irregular until Rambhau de- cided to see to it that the parents sent A WOMAN missionary doctor in their children. Since then there has Jaipur, India, contributes to M edi- been no trouble. The teacher was a bit lazy and neglectful of his duties, but cal Missions in India an interesting with the kindly, vigilant eye of this unarticle on a custom which does untold lettered villager constantly upon him, harm to the children of India. She says: there is now no chance of his shirking his work. Scarcely a week goes by that "The habit which prevails in Jaipur he does not walk the eight miles to the State of drugging infants with opium is missionary's bungalow and back again, widely prevalent, I fear, throughout In- bringing some suggestion for the school dia. I shall only speak, however, of and church-his "adopted child." what comes under my immediate notice. Probably forty per cent. of children be- A Co-operative Bank in India tween the ages, approximately, of three months and two years, are given regular- A NEW cooperative bank, called ly, morning and evening, a small dose "The Christian Central Cooperaof opium. The drug is given in the tive Bank, Ltd.," with offices in Madras, form of dried extract, procurable in the has recently been started. The object bazar at a trifling cost. Children are

FROM MANY LANDS

of this bank is to lend money to Chris- SIAM and LAOS tian cooperative credit societies, and thus to help in the uplift of the Christian Prince Visits Mission Schools community. N EXT to the king the most Im- The Young Men of India comments portant personage in Siam is the very warmly on the pian, and says: field marshal of the Royal Siamese army, Prince Bhanurangsi, and when he makes "Every Christian worker in the Presi- a visit to any city it is an occasion of note. dency should join in this enterprise by So when he sent word in the winter that becoming a share-holding member of the he would visit Nan, the inhabitants spent bank, and thus get personally interested days decorating the streets with 'arches, in it, so that through this medium the palm leaves and flags. The prince arbenefits of the undertaking may be made rived in royal pomp, and was received by available to every Christian village and the officials of Nan, the princes and their community throughout the Presidency. wives, the leading citizens and the mis- The conditions of membership are so sionaries. While in the city he made easy that it is within the reach of all to trips to various temples and places of affiliate by taking at least the minimum public interest, and finally visited the of one 'B' share." missionary schools. He had expressed a wish to see the boys of the Kenneth "A" shares are valued at 250 rupees Mackenzie Memorial school at work, so (about $83), while "B" shares are only classes were in session when the royal one-fifth of this amount. Very liberal visitor arrived. He was greatly pleased terms of payment are allowed. with what he saw, and on leaving made a gift to the school of $100 in gold. He Do Missionaries Die Young? also made an offering to the medical work of the mission hospital, as well as T HE Christian Patr'iot of Madras to the girls' school.-The Continent. quotes a discussion of this subject by Rev. D. D. Downie, of the American The People of Malaysia Baptist Mission, N ellore. Confining himself to his own station, he gave a nega- ONE of the interesting mission fields tive answer. N ellore has the reputation of the Methodist Episcopal Church of being one of the hottest stations in South India. The temperature is known is the Netherland-Indies district, emto have been 118 degrees in the shade. bracing Java, Sumatra, West Borneo, That is exceptional, but a temperature Bali and Banka. The Dutch, of course, well over 100 degrees is quite common form the official class in this district, during six months of the year. Three the natives are Malays of various tribes missionaries, including Dr. Downie, have and there is a large Chinese population. been in charge. The Rev. S. S. Day died The Chinese are perhaps a million in at 63, the Rev. Lyman Jewett at 84, and all, of whom about five hundred thoushis widow has just passed away at the and are in Java. They are an interestage of 91. Dr. Downie is 76 and still ing, intelligent people, many of them hale and hearty. These three lives, the rich, and all touched by the spirit of third not yet completed, cover a period progress. of 223 years; and if wives are added the total is 465 years, or an average of 77~ One of the lowest tribes of the nayears. Dr. Downie himself has been 42 tives is the Battaks. They were canniyears at N ellore and may reach a more bals only seventy-five years ago, but half mature age than his predecessor. He of them have been converted to Chrissays, "Young missionaries who come to tianity by the Rhenish and Rotterdam India with sound constitutions and who missions, and cannibalism has wholly exercise moderate care should look for- ceased. Probably before many years ward to living to a good old age." have passed all of them will be Chris- tianized except those that are Moham- Thus is dispelled another traditional fear about the ill health in mission lands.

medan. They are a fine people physic- has been translated and printed in the ally, black, but tall and well-formed, Lao character, together with eleven while many of the women are beautiful. books of the Old Testament.

The great body of the natives of these "Lao scriptures and tracts from our islands are Mohammedan, and are less mission press have found their way into approachable by Christian missionaries every part of Northern Siam. During than are the heathen. :Most of them are the past twelve years many thousands illiterate. of copies have gone Into Kengtung State, Burma, British territory. In the last "I Have Been to Hell" two years thousands of portions have gone beyond British territory into Yun- A STRANGE story comes from Siam man, the southwest province of China." of a woman, out in the jungle who, -Assembly Herald. after lying for three days in an open coffin, while her friends gathered around CHINA to mourn her, suddenly regained con- sciousness and told her story. Strangers in Shanghai "I have been to hell," she said. "I REV. E. G. FITCH, of Shanghai, was in a dream. I saw two angels guard- . finds a great opportunity for serving paths in the jungle. I tried to get ice among the Koreans who pass through past one of them, but could not. An irresistible force drew me toward the China on their way. The United States other side and the other angel let me admits Koreans without a passport-the only people from that side of the ocean through. I walked a long way and came so honored. Just now there are about to a place of torment. I saw Buddhist 200 Koreans living in and passing priests burning to a crisp. I will never through Shanghai, and at least half of go near a Buddhist priest again." Soon afterward she said to some mis- them are members of Korean churches. sionaries, "I have been to hell. I have They have been holding services in the seen who are there. Now I wish to be- Chinese Young Men's Christian Assocome a Christian, as I believe that Chris- ciation, with one of the number as leader, and there is an average attendance of tianity is the way to heaven." After forty. Mr. Fitch has been called upon learning the meaning of the Christian faith, she received it and has since been several times to preach for this group, instrumental in winning many souls to speaking through an interpreter, and oc- casionally he administers the Lord's Sup- Christ.-Assembly Herald. per. He has performed one marriage oA Useful Mission Press ceremony, and makes himself useful for all pastoral service possible.

NE of the greatest factors in the Shanghai has among its permanent successful work of the North Siam population more than 100,000 Canto- Presbyterian Mission is the mission press, nese who speak a dialect that cannot be of which D. G. Collins, of Chieng Mai, understood in Central China. They are writes: "Four times in the past twenty- like strangers in their own country, liv- five years it has been necessary to en- ing in a city noted for its worldliness large our buildings. and temptations. Among them are a "In 1892 our total force consisted of number of Christians.

the manager and three native boys, all On the initiative of Dr. Mary H.

without previous experience. For several Fulton, an independent and interdenom- years past we have employed thirty men inational church known as the Canton- and women. Our equipment at the time ese Union Church of Shanghai, was or- of opening was anything but complete. ganized in November, 1915. Nine de- Today in every sense of the word it is an nominations are represented in the mem- up-to-date plant. bership. The Church is in a flourishing "The whole of the New Testament condition and does a much needed work.

FROM MANY LANDS

What China Fears From America from which the students are drawn, such as: "I cannot read" ; "We also worship T HE Peking Daily News solemnly Heaven and Earth"; "I'm afraid of per- warns the capitalists of the United secution"; "If one does good, that is all States of the danger they run in "enter- that is required"; "I have no time"; "I ing an economic alliance with Japan at am too poor" ; "We have our own sages, the expense of China." why should we believe in Christ?" and many others. These excuses are posted It says: up beforehand so that the men may pre- "We find an insuperable objection to pare for their seriatim discussion in the American money and Japanese class. Each student has a note-book with brains' form of co-operation. It will not one objection heading a page, under pay American interests to link themselves which he writes down those Scripture up with interests that reck nothing of references, arguments, proverbs, and il- Chinese feeling or rights. American en- lustrations, which during the discussion terprise in this country stands remark- impress him as being effective. The ably free from the taint of inconsiderate teacher criticises, sums up, and supplecommercialism, perhaps freer than that ments the results at the close of the of any other nationality. The highest study period. It is refreshing to see the American interests can only be conserved interest that is aroused and to note how by the maintenance of the American varied and helpful most of the suggested tradition. 'Evil communications corrupt good manners' internationally as well as in private and personal life, and it is to methods of dealing with the difficulties be hoped that American capitalists will are.

realize this. The history of the past few Simplified Reading for China months shows that it is not necessary for American interests to be entrusted to "THE complete revolution of the Japanese manipulation. Several loans, a written language and printed page big railway building contract, and other by no means negligible pieces of business of China is a stupendous task now stand to the credit of American enter- facing the missionary," writes Mrs. prise unassisted by Japanese cerebral con- Elizabeth F. Brewster, Superintendent volutions. There is no necessary conflict of the Rebecca McCabe Orphanage, of interest between gray matter and clean Hinghwa Methodist Mission. "The old hands."-Literary Digest. system is so difficult that not more than five out of a hundred Chinese can read Training for Soul Winners a book or newspaper with ease and pleas- ure. The Chinese Board of Education THE China Inland Mission has been is realizing this and is corning out on conducting a Bible Institute in the side of a phonetic system such as is Hungtung, Shansi Province, North now used in Hinghwa. This year our China, at which over forty men who mission schools have used the Romanized have shown fitness for Christian work and Prepared Bible Lessons, which apare being prepared for further useful- peal to the children. Our next step is ness. The principles governing open- to be science readers. A literary Chinese air work, street chapel preaching, shop- man said that it would take twenty years visitation, station class and Sunday- to learn sufficient characters to read the school teaching, are explained. Instruc- sixty-six books of the Bible. After one tion is given in the art of personal soul- year's study of the phonetic system a winning and its importance is empha- Chinese could read the Bible with ease."

sized. The objects in view, the condi- Working Together in Hangchow T tions for success, and points of contact, ANGCHOW is one of the most having been pointed out, the teacher progressive cities of the "new proceeds to deal with the cornman objec- tions and difficulties met with in the area China," and there are at work there the

Northern and Southern Presbyterians, high officials in the various government the Northern Baptists, the Church Mis- boards. In view of the present agitation sionary Society, the China Inland Mis- among the military generals, who are sion and the Young Men's Christian advocating the official and government Association. Most interesting develop- recognition of Confucianism as the state ments in the line of union work are religion, Mr. Wang's attitude is fine.

taking place. For example, Hangchow He believes that Christianity will win, Christian College, conducted for forty if this suicidal war does not check it years by the Northern Presbyterians, is too seriously.

now a union institution under the two Heathenism As It Works Out Presbyterian missions. It is controlled by a board of directors consisting of E VERY day in the country tingles three missionaries from each mission, and with interesting new experiences, three Chinese chosen by the Synod. things entirely unknown before, unex- The most important union work, pected church problems of discipline and however, is the Hangchow Union interpretation, new fields of study, new Evangelistic Committee, which is com- cases to tax one's faith-experiences to posed of one male missionary from each keep one from drying up." So writes mission, one Chinese man and one Rev. C. E. Scott, of Tsing-Tau, Chini!.

woman (either Chinese or foreign) from He continues: each church organization or mission, and "For example, on one day I was in a one representative from the Y. M. C. A. temple where the coffin makers and fur- All members serve for three years. skin sellers were worshipping the same deity. Determiner of the winter winds, This committee has been responsible and each class praying for a different refor various valuable pieces of work, and suIt; the former that the winds would is now planning for a special evangelis- blow from the southeast (which would tic campaign. A British missionary, son mean unnatural warmth with subsequent of the late Bishop Moule, and a Chinese wide-spread sickness booming their busi- Baptist minister, both especially gifted ness) ; the latter, that the winds would along these lines, will speak in each blow steadily from the northwest, 'cold church by way of preparation for the enough to freeze the hair off a brass campaign. The aim is to revive Chris- monkey,' What a peep into certain tians and enlist as many as possible in phases of heathen religion this gives! In personal work, and thus reach outsiders another temple the priests were directthrough both the regular and special ing the manufacture of intoxicating liqmeetings. uor from sweet potatoes. What that A Bible Class of Officials suggests can be imagined from trying to think what it would be like if a Protes- REV. W. REMFRY HUNT, a mis- tant minister in America should direct sionary of the Christian denomi- the manufacture of intoxicating wine, nation in Chuchow, China, recently and that in his own church auditorium.

had a conversation with Mr. C. T. Wang, the vice-president of the Senate Pioneering in Yunnan T in Peking, whose work as a Yale gradu- HE Presbyterian Board has recently authorized its mission in North Siam ate, and as a secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, has already to open a new station at Chieng Rung, been described in the REVIEW. Mr. Yunnan Province, China, a field for Wang represents the new element of which some of the missionaries have been progressive religious and political reform praying for about twenty years.

in China. He teaches a select Bible Probably a million Tai, with a knowl- study class every Lord's Day morning edge of the same character used in North in the capitol. The members of the Siam, live in southern and western Y un· class are members of parliament and nan, several hundred thousand of them

FROM MANY LANDS

in easy reach from Chieng Rung where Shorthand for the Chinese in some villages 70 to 90 per cent. of the THE Presbyterian Board of Foreign men read that character. These people Missions has received the following are wholly without the Gospel, and for them as well as for the Tai in Siam the interesting news item: North Siam Mission feels a peculiar re- "A system of Chinese shorthand has sponsibility. beent invented by Mr. K. V. Dzung, a Evangelist Nan Kruang, of the Nan native of Shanghai. The whole system City Church, offered to go to Chieng contains but 39 signs of which 15 are Rung, saying: "With a heart full of vowels and 24 consonants, and yet the ingladness I would beg to be the substitute ventor 'claims that every Chinese charfor the Nan Church to go with Drs. acter is indicated, while a speed equal to Dodd and Mason to teach the religion that of most English systems, that is 150 of Jesus Christ in Chieng Rung. If the words a minute, can be attained. He ministers and doctors and the Christians says that the course can be mastered as think it fitting I would be ready to un- readily as any and can be used in condertake this work, even if my wife and junction with the newly invented Chinfamily cannot go along. I would be will- ese typewriter. The value of such a ing to substitute for the Church for a system of writing in Chinese cannot be year. If it does not seem fitting, let it overestimated because of the great numbe according to the mercy of the Lord." ber of characters in the Chinese alphabet, -Assembly Herald. and not only that but they cannot be written rapidly owing to their compli- Idol Processions Begin Again cated construction. Mr. Dzung acquired his English shorthand through an Amer- A REVIVAL of idolatry is noted by ican correspondence course, and is plan- Rev. O. C. Crawford of Soochow, ning to open a Chinese correspondence China. He writes: school of shorthand with headquarters in "This is seen in the revival of the Shanghai."

great idol processions which had practi- cally stopped at the time of the first revo- JAPAN-CHOSEN T dlurteidosn,gOa.lnlldginthe J apanese to the sapcilrgerdimmaoguenstaol. lflshau• nnd- A Great E vangeI1· st famous temples, of which there are sev- HE story of Rev. Paul Kanamori, eral in our country field. The very at- once a member of the Kumamoto mosphere in which we have worked has Band, then for many years an unbeliever, been different. The people were just as and now a devoted Christian again, has polite and even as friendly as before, but been told in the REVIEW, and reference one could not help but feel that he was has been made to his powerful book on working against a force which he had not Christianity. Recently he has had re- felt for some years. Everything indicates markable success in his evangelistic work, that now is the time of crisis in China. and an account of his methods may be "This is not a subject for discourage- of interest.

ment but a signal for renewed effort. His first service in a place IS only for Unless some radical change occurs in the Christians. At that time he talks to political situation I believe we have be- them for about two hours, enlisting their fore us the greatest opportunity we have support for the future meetings. Circu- ever had. A republic is far from being lar letters outlining the work he wishes a panacea for all ills, much less will it them to do have already been sent ahead furnish a plan of redemption, but it will to all the Christians some time before he remove fear and give a freedom of be- reaches the place. The remaining nights lief and practice which a monarchy could he preaches to non-Christians, taking not. And this will be quickly noted in from two to two and a half hours for the country places where superstition and his message. He tries to give the main fear are most easily and fully felt." teachings of Christianity, emphasizing

the teaching about God, sin and salva- English school four years ago he used to tion through the atonement of Christ. come to me on Sunday evening and we He then makes his appeal that they ac·- read the Gospel of Mark together. His cept Christ as Saviour and Lord. Few, elder brother with whom he lived opif any, preachers in japan preach so posed his Christian interest and forbade simply and expect immediate results. He him to read the Bible in his house. One works only where there are churches to winter morning, therefore, this earnest follow up his work and train those who lad got up at five-thirty and studied have made the decision. his Bible for an hour out in the cold by the light of an electnc lamp under a The Danger of a Compromise bridge. Later, becoming impatient with his brother's persecution, he ran away to A CCORDING to Rev. Albertus Kobe, found work in a store, and was Pieters, of Oita, japan, one of the later sent to the branch office in Seoul. greatest problems in Japan today is a In November I sent him a picture postcomparatively new one. He says: card of my Inner Circle Bible class which prompted him to take the final "With the increasing number of men step and join the Church." in public life who become Christians on the one hand, and a strong reaction in Moderator of Korean Assembly favor of maintaining the ancient institutions on the other, there has arisen a de- T HE Presbyterian Church of Korea sire on the part of the authorities and of is the name under which is united many Christians to find some workable the work of the Australian Presbyterians, compromise. The constitution of the country guarantees religious liberty, but U. S. Presbyterians, U. S. A. Presbythe government wishes the ancient rites to be kept up, and of recent years has terians and Canadian Presbyterians. The insisted that school teachers take their present moderator of the General Aspupils to the temples to do reverence. To sembly of the combined church is Rev. gloss over the inconsistency of this posi- C. P. Yang. Mr. Yang twenty years tion, the government declares that the ago was the only evangelist in his provshrines are not religious institutions, but ince, where there were only 200 or 300 are intended to keep alive the memory of Christians. In the same district there the illustrious dead and that to worship are now 30,000 Christians. The church at them is not a religious act. of which Mr. Yang is moderator has a total membership of 150,000. There are "Already in more than one influential over 3,000 organized and unorganized Christian quarter one hears voices in churches, 120 ordained pastors, 650 eldfavor of compromise on this issue. ers and 300 evangelists. During the year just closed these native churches raised "A missionary naturally hesitates to be for their own expenses $100,000. During confident when japanese Christians dif- the vear 9,000 were baptized. fer among themselves as to the character and significance of certain ceremonies, for Mr. Yang is described by those who I know now from experience that a cer- know him best as a "Scotch" Presbytain line of uncompromising argument terian. He is now pastor of the largest will appeal to a japanese of intelligence church in the northern province of Korea. who desires to do what is right." The attendance at Mr. Yang's church is about 1,500, and when he does not face The Final Step Taken 1,000 members at the prayer meeting Wednesday night he is greatly disap- GEO RGE GLEASON, Young pointed.-The Continent. Men's Christian A~sociation secretary at Osaka, Japan, writes in Foreign Korean Bible Conferences Mail: "A letter has come from Seoul T HE missionaries in Korea are agreed that the cornerstone of their work saying that another friend had joined the lies in the system of Bible Training Church. This young man had a remarkable experience. While a student in our

FROM MANY LANDS

Classes, which is in vogue throughout the and enjoyment. It is to be a great afcountry. The plan was originated almost firmative system, instead of a merely at the commencement of mission work in sterile negative one. Korea, and the land is today honeycombed with these unique gatherings. Raymond B. Fosdick, the chairman, They are annual Bible Conferences lasting for a week or ten days, modelled discussing the work of the Commission, somewhat along the lines of the Keswick has this to say: and Northfield Conferences, but devoted more exclusively to the study of God's "The Commission has two distinct Word than either the English or Amer- functions: First, we are charged with ican gatherings. Instead of there being the responsibility of keeping the Secreone such Conference for the Christians tary of War informed as to conditions in of Korea, there are no less than a thou- training camps and the zones surrounding sand throughout the country. First there them. Secretary Baker is determined is the local conference held in a single that the training camps shall be as free church for the Christians of that com- from vice and drunkenness as it is humunity. Then there are scores of district manly possible to make them. In the secclasses, where the members of many ond place, our task is to co-ordinate the groups will gather together for a week different agencies that are seeking an of Bible study. Finally, there are more opportunity for service among the soldthan a score of general classes, where iers. Weare operating as a clearing sometimes 1,000 or 1,200 Christians house to eliminate the waste and comgather from long distances to listen to petition of overlapping organizations, at God's Word expounded by the mission- the same time stimulating rational rearies and leading Korean teachers. The creational facilities." Koreans frequently walk a hundred miles or more to attend these gatherings. They A Million for Red Cross pay all their own expenses, and then for ten days revel in the study of God's T HE multiplication of war councils Word. and war funds in the United States is one sign that Americans are taking the NORTH AMERICA war seriously and are planning for a seri- ous and prolonged struggle. The Red To Protect Training Camps Cross War council has raised $100,- 000,000 to help the wounded, sick and I N the United States the problem of suffering. This is a small amount in camp evils is to be attacked in a way comparison with the actual needs. Tuand on a scale never undertaken in the berculosis in France, and lack of supplies world before. Greatest emphasis is to in Russia make the situation more seribe placed on prevention, on effective ous. Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge promaction before the fact, instead of after ised to be one of twenty-five to give it. To achieve this, to evolve a new $1,000,000 each. While millions are kind of soldiers' training camp, is the fighting for the cause of liberty and task of the newly appointed Federal righteousness and others are doing con- Commission on Training Camp Activi- structive, moral and spiritual work ties. among men and women, it is fitting that those unable to help in other ways should Immediately around the camps will be give largely to relieve suffering and to zones, according to the plans of the Com- save life. mission, to bar out infections and alcoholic excess, but the aim will be, in fol- What would have been the result if lowing out the later principles of psychol- Christian men and women had been as ogy, to withdraw, so far as possible, the thoroughly aroused in the cause of Christ attention of the soldier from the rigid as they are in the cause of their country? restrictions of the zones by the organized Millions of men and money withheld presentation of better means of recreation from service are now being poured out like water. The resources of America have scarcely been touched.

100 Years of Home Missions Dr. Worth M. Tippy, who has just taken charge of the Washington office of IN 1817 John M. Peck, the first Bap- the Federal Council, made a detailed re- tist home missionary, was sent to the port on measures which the council is taking to secure proper chaplains for the West. At Cleveland in May the de- increased military and naval forces. nomination accordingly celebrated the completion of one hWldred years of Bap- The convention also considered meastist home missions on a national scale. ures to hold standards high while war is Field Secretary L. C. Eames reviews on. It sent to Congress a delegation some of the outstanding features of the headed by Governor Milliken of Maine work of the centennial rear. to insist on suppression of liquor making and liquor selling as a measure of na- The work for negroes made marked tional defense. And in several utteradvance in the right direction, a number ances the council voiced the protest of of schools having completed building the churches against legislation which funds, or paying off indebtedness. In would let down labor standards now. the work among foreign-speaking peoples there was a marked development in the Educating the Eskimo missions for Rumanians, the beginnings of a church among Serbians in Detroit, ONE of the latest magazines to apand the opening of the Russian Bible In- pear is The Eskimo, a new monthly stitute in New York. Special efforts have been made to reach foreigners in various magazine published in the interests of the industrial centers. Eskimo and of northwestern Alaska, from which we quote the following: On specific fields in Latin-America the conspicuous items of the year were, in "The Eskimo by reason of his inherent Porto Rico, the consolidating of all evan- qualities and because of his geographical gelical periodicals under the editorship of position is fit and able to survive, and by Juan Cepero; in Cuba, the overcrowding our system of education for him we are of the school at Cristo; in Central Amer- making him not only more fit to survive, ica, the purchase of a good lot within but he will be a vital factor in the detwo squares of the capitol in San Salvador velopment of northern Alaska. and the sending of two new men and their wives into El Salvador; in Mexico, "The key-note of our school system the greatest revival in the history of the for the Eskimo is its direct relation to Republic, with some 700 conversions, and the village life. Thus the school republic the practical completion of a splendid becomes the village council, the school hospital at Puebla. garden soon becomes the village garden, the cooking-class becomes the bread-bak- A War Council of Christians ing class for the village, the clean-up of the school ground becomes the· village T HE special war meeting of the Fed- clean-up, the bench-work for the boys' eral Council of Churches, held in class becomes the boat- and sled-building Washington in May, "was virtually a center for the village. And, most striktypical cross section of American Pro- ing of all, the schoolboy who is sent to testantism on its highest intellectual and the reindeer herd as an apprentice, in moral levels." The American Bible So- four years becomes the trained herder, ciety outlined its plans for the distribu- the supporter of his family, and a future tion of the Scriptures to soldiers and leader of his people." sailors. The plans of the Young Men's Christian Association were stated much LATIN AMERICA as they have been already outlined in THE REVIEW. The Young Women's Evangelistic Campaign in Porto Rico Christian Association promises to start work for women close to all mobilization A RECENT evangelistic campaign camps hoping to purify conditions. carried on by the united efforts of several of the denominations at work in Porto Rico resulted in over six hundred

IgI7] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

public profession~ of faith in Christ as a EUROPE personal Saviour. In one small town it After the War-What? was prophesied there would be fifteen conversions, but the number reached one REV. JAMES BLACK, of Edin- hundred and four. In another town all burgh, who has served as chaplain stores were dosed during the men's. for two Scottish battalions, thinks that meeting that all might attend. In all the real period of thoughtfulness will places many preparatory prayer meetings come after the war is over, when men were held, and results were seen in the have time to look back, weigh things up, awakened interest in spiritual things. and see everything in its true proportion.

That much is being done in the de- That will be the day of the Church's velopment of Christian character in opportunity.

Porto Rico is evident from the work car- In The Missionary Record he raises ried on week by week at each station. some very serious questions as to the ef- One missionary writes in the Home Mis- fect which army customs will have on sion Monthly: "At our regular month- the after life of the men. He says: ly temperance meeting an interested "What effect on conduct after the war audience of sixty young men and women will the rum ration (a fairly potent were present. Nine different persons spirit) have on the thousands of young presented pictures of the destructive lads, many of whom have never tasted power of the rum traffic and the neces- intoxicating liquor before? I am certain sity that this island be freed from this that, even militarily, it has had a ruinous great evil. They did so in an intelligent effect on the men when given in the usual way that proved they had given thought doses before a big action. The vitality of to the subject, and spoke with a forceful- a wounded man, with little in him except ness that promises well for the success rum, is seriously lowered, and the effects of any attack made against wrong cus- of exposure are greatly increased. But toms or habits." afterwards? What about the new habit Plans for Union in Brazil and acquired liking? Then again- T HE irresistible trend toward union "Sunday doesn't exist in the Army. A and co-operation in mission fields chaplain holds his services any time and was strikingly exemplified a few weeks anywhere he can get them, and, speaking ago in Brazil, when representatives of personally, I have had more services on the five evangelical denominations at week-days than on Sundays. What efwork there met and drafted plans for a fect will three years of such life have on Christians and the Church?"

Union Christian University and a Union What Spain Needs Most Seminary. The conference was called by Dr. W. A. Waddell, President of Mc- pROFESSOR UNAMUNO, of the Kenzie College, and was participated in University of Salamanca; has writ- by twenty-six missionaries-Methodists, ten a letter on the religious needs of Baptists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Spain, quoted in the Record of Christian and Disciples. They were a unit in Work, in which he says: agreeing upon plans for the co-ordination "Spain needs Christianizing. The of educational missions in Brazil, head- lowest forms of paganism persist, sanc- ing up in two great union institutions. tioned ordinarily by the Church. I went The plans have been laid before the sev- through towns and cities preaching eral denominational Boards interested against lying, which is the thing that and their approval requested. It is sig- kills us. The people heard me respect- nificant that the movement originated on fully. Two years ago they considered the field and was worked out entirely by me mad. They begin now to take me the missionaries. This is the kind of more seriously and I hope with the help statesmanship that is greatly needed in of God to make them hear certain things all the mission fields at home and abroad. calmly. Barbarous intolerance corrodes

us and especially the fear of the truth, the Gospel Ship, which was built for the fear of confronting mysteries, the special work among the people inhabit- fear of thinking for one's self. People ing the islands of the Inland Sea.

here are accustomed to accept everything. Captain Bickel held a high place in They seek only dogmas, formulas, re- the affection of missionaries of every de- o ceipts. Spiritual laziness exposes us to nomination, and in the confidence of all kinds of excesses. The scandal must Japanese of every class. All these will cease that in a so-called Christian land mourn him, and government officials will 9,999 out of 10,000 have not read the consider that an influential factor in the Gospel. Rather is it used-the Latin promotion of international good will has text-for cutting into pieces, locking in been removed.

embroidered m 0 n ey- purses, stringing around the necks of children as amulets Henry Otis Dwight or taken internally by women who feel ON Tuesday, June 19th, the Rev. Henry Otis Dwight, LL.D., died the coming pangs of childbirth."

OBITUARY NOTICES suddenly at his home in Roselle, N. J.

Rev. H. L. Morehouse of New York Dr. Dwight was born in Constanti- nople, Turkey, in 1843; prepared for col- REV. HENRY LYMAN MORE- lege there, entered Ohio Wesleyan Uni- HOUSE, D.D., LL.D., who died versity, but left it in 1861 and was a sol- May 5th in Brooklyn, N. Y., in the dier in the United States Army during eighty-third year of his age, had been for the Civil War up to 1865. Later he was thirty-eight years connected with the ordained to the ministry of the Congrega- American Baptist Home Mission So- tional Church and returned to Constan- ciety, first as Field Secretary, and then tinople as a missionary of the American as Corresponding Secretary. Board his work being to a considerable Four achievements of his denomination extent editing publications of the Turk- which bear the mark of his personality ish language in that Mission. In 1901 are an organized, enlarged, and vitalized he returned to America, and in 1907 be- Home Mission Society; the organization came Recording Secretary of the Amer- of the first National Baptist Education ican Bible Society. His chief life labor Society, out of which grew the Uni- was literary work in the Turkish lan- versity of Chicago; the General Conven- guage. He was the author of several tion of the Baptists of North America; books, including "Turkish Life in War and the Ministers' and Missionaries' Time" (1881), "Constantinople and Its Benefit Board which, though started but Problems," and the "Centennial History six years ago, has funds amounting to of the American Bible Society," published nearly $900,000. in 1916.

Captain Bickel of Japan Mrs. Henry H. Riggs of Turkey T HE Christian movement in Japan, T HE American Board reports the and especially the Baptist Missions, death in Harput, Turkey, on April have sustained a great loss in the sudden 27th, of Emma Barnum wife of Rev. death of one of its best known and most Henry H. Riggs, at the age of fifty beloved missionaries, Captain Luke W. years. Mrs. Riggs was the daughter of Bickel, who for nearly twenty years gave Rev. and Mrs. H. N. Barnum, former himself with rare devotion to the work missionaries of the Board, and was born on the islands of the Inland Sea. in Turkey, though educated in Amer- ica. With her husband she has re- He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in mained bravely in Harput for the last 1866, and in early life went to sea, three years, enduring the strain for the in time becoming an officer on one of the sake of the service to be rendered. Her trans-Atlantic steamers. After his con- death means a sad loss to her family and version he engaged in Christian work in to the Armenians. England, until he was called in 1898 to take command of the "Fukuin Maru," Brazil Today and Tomorrow. By L E. based upon beginnings already made. Elliott, F. R. G. S. Illustrated, maps, Altogether the volume makes good its 5%x874 in., xi, 338 pp. $2.25. The claim to being an extensive survey of Brazil today and a striking forecast of TMacmillan Co., New York, 1917. the country's future. HE author, who has spent years in South America, is now literary edi- tor of the Pan-American Magazine. We In the Land of Ararat. A Sketch of the in the North forget what his volume so Life of Mrs. Elizabeth Freeman Barclearly shows that Brazil is another rows Ussher, Missionary to Turkey and United States with an area almost as a Martyr of the Great War. By John extensive as our own, including Alaska; that it has 4,000 miles of seacoast, 9 tis Barrows. Illustrated. 5~x774 an incomparable system of waterways, In., 184 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1916.

thousands of square miles of primeval BIRTH in Turkey and life in a New forests, vast deposits of untouched min- England parsonage were good start- erals and millions of acres of grassy up- ing pOlints for the brave and gifted wom- land waiting for the farmer and stock- an whose story is told here by her raiser. He is mainly interested in dis- father, who has perhaps for the reason cussing the material side of this vast re- that she was so near to him failed to see public, and missions are conspicuous by the largeness of her life as related to the absence of practically all mention of world propaganda.

them. Even religion calls forth only a At the threshold of her missionary few paragraphs, about as illuminating as life she met with adventures which al- St. Patrick's chapter on snakes in Ire- most cost a vice-consul his life and which land. The author practically says that brought into the foreground a young mis- Brazil has no masculine religion. He sionary doctor, resourceful and daring, tells us that women and negroes are the who six months later became Elizabeth church-goers, while the educated men are Barrows' husband. Two-thirds of the sufficiently French to be satisfied with volume chronicle the events of her mis- agnosticism and in the far South with sionary life. It was a simple one like Comtism. Religious toleration naturally that of her Master "who went about follows such indifference. doing good," though Mrs. Ussher per- For its main objective, the volume is formed most of her tasks in her home to be commended. After the introductory and in Van. Here the bloody attacks chapter, mainly geographical, and those upon the Armenians brought 5,000 ref- on Brazilian history and colonization, ugees to her door and later a thousand the body of the book takes up social con- Turkish women and children. Aiding ditions which are reminiscent of those in her, after the Russian occupation of Van, Paris and the Iberian peninsula, with the was a daughter of the novelist Tolstoi.

negro and primitive element superadded. The sending home of her fourteen-year- The Indian is but little removed from old son, from whom she never heard his old stone age and cannibalistic life, again, was a prelude to the parting from and promises little in the development her husband through an attack of typhus of the republic. Early water communi- which seized them both, and from which cation and execrable roads are yielding she did not recover.

to automobile highways demanded by It is regrettable that the author's fa- cheap machines from the United States, miliarity with Turkey has kept out of and railways and shipping are making the story so much of the interesting Lev- rapid advances. While we know Brazil antine background and the intimate chiefly from its coffee and rubber, Mr. views of Mrs. Ussher's ministrations Elliott's chapter on its industries is al- which would have relieved the volume of most startling in its array of possibilities its prevailing commonplace and made his daughter's history more attractive to the Tahan, Out of Savagery Into Civiliza- reader. tion. An autobiography, by Joseph K. Griffis. 8vo, 263 pp. with illustra- In the Heart of India. The Work of tions. $1.25 net. George H. Doran the Canadian Presbyterian Mission. ACo., New York. By J. T. Taylor, B. A. Illustrated, N amazing story that reads like maps, 5Yzx7Yz in., x, 225 pp. 50 cents. romance, and yet is true. Arthur Board of Foreign Missions, Presby- C. Parker, State Archaeologist of New Tterian Church in Canada, Toronto, 1916. York, writes the introduction and HE "Heart of India" is the Native vouches for the trustworthiness of the State of Central India, its western narrative. Mr. Parker followed Tahan's section, where the Canadian Presby- trail through the West and had from terians for almost forty years have won the lips of the Indians with whom Ta- their way against many obstacles and han lived and from captives with whom have made the jungle blossom as the rose Tahan bunked in tepee and barracks, -in certain garden beds which they have confirmation of the story. Tahan is the cultivated. How they did it-the story Indian name of the Rev. Joseph K.

of the Campbells in Rutlam among the Griffis, a Presbyterian clergyman, former rolling plains punctuated with lIat hills, pastor of the South Church of Buffalo.

and of Dr. Buchanan who won the heart His father was a hunter, trapper and of the aboriginal Bheels by the lure of scout, famous many years ago on the kindness and medicine, and the later an- frontier under the soubriquet of Cali- nals which tell of the triumphs of educa- fornia Joe, companion of such men as tion, culminating in the first grade col- Kit Carson and Buffalo Bill. Tahan's lege at Indore which even admitted girls mother was an Indian woman of the -are told in detail, though with little Osage tribe, and was killed by a Kiowa color because of the brevity of the book war party. The boy was brought up and for the reason that apparently it is among the Kiowa Indians, and the story primarily intended as a study-class text- of his boyhood is vastly interesting. He book. took part in Indian sports, was initiated The methods used include all those into Indian mysteries, and in time him- common to Indian missions, with leper self became an Indian warrior. He work in addition. The account of the served as scout and interpreter for Canadian Presbyterian policy of not pay- United States troops, deserted, was cap- ing native pastors with Board money and tured, sentenced to death, and escaped.

Mr. Taylor's summary of reasons for Years after this episode, a Christian and church unity in India are among the a minister, Mr. Griffis was able to ob- comments very helpful to students of tain an official pardon for his military missions. The Indian replies to the ques- offense. In his development out of sav- tion asked, "Why am I a Christian?" agery, Mr. Griffis first found friends in and the testimonies from eminent men the Salvation Army in Canada. Ar- as to the value of missions in India rested with other Salvationists, he was are both interesting and profitable. One sent to prison, where he learned to read wonders after reading what the book has and write. He became an officer in the to say of Mass Movements, some of Salvation Army in Toronto. His phe- them not far removed from their own nomenally alert mind and habits of in- field, why this Mission has not attempted dustry in self-education presently quali- to do the same thing by methods akin to fied him for the ministry. After serving those employed by the Methodists. While as assistant pastor and engaging in rescue a total Christian community of 3,126, of mission work, he was admitted to the whom 1,048 are communicants, is not a Presbyterian ministry in which he has small reward for four decades of service, had commendable success. His style is it compares very unfavorably with the vivid and colorful. His observations on returns of the Methodists for the same racial differences and life in general are number of stations. shrewd and thought-provoking. Through the Jews to God. A Challenge. o~uhso., Lelo is introduced as a mere child at a palaver, is given as a slave giri B~ ~. C. Kirkpatrick. 8vo, 157 pp. with Illustra~lOns. 2s. 6d, net. Society In ~eturn. for a jug taken from a neigh- AfLoorndPorno,m1o9t1i~ng Christian Knowledge , bormg chief. Marriage to a man whose lo~e was negligible, his death leaving two BRIEF popular study of the Jewish chtldren to solace her, flight to her childpeople by one who knows them and hood's home only to find that her mother who hopes and believes that in time Jew ha~ perished in a fire following the and Christian shall see eye to eye and pOlson ordeal, a second marriage to a work together as equal partners in the polygamous husband-a subordinate govspiritual conquest of the world. The ernment official, a miserable experience chapters on The Promised Land, Origin ending in her own silencing of enemies and Dispersion of the Hebrews Sources by successfully drinking the poison cup, of Judaism, and Divisions within J uda- the coming of increased misery when a ism, effectively present the Jewish back- child wife was added to her husband's ground of Christianity. The chapter on harem, his anger when she resented his Doctrine, Custom and Ritual fills in the gift of part of her garden plot to the atmosphere of the national portrait. The bride and the resultant suit at Barna author confronts the problem of the before the Belgian official, her liberation disintegration of Judaism, a condition from slavery and from submission to a clearly perceptible in every land where husband whose many wives gave her re- Jews have liberty of commerce, education lease by the new law, the reversal of that and intermarriage. He believes that decision through the bribes of her purthe European War is drawing Jew suing master, her return home and sepand Gentile together. We are all fa- aration from him, her real love for a miliar with the tragedy of the persecu- Christian and her subsequent marriage; tion of the Jews, but we are not so -these are the main events of the story. familiar with the fact to which Mr. Midway in the tale the Christian messag~ Kirkpatrick adverts, that in the East End comes to her, and from that time onward of London-and probably elsewhere- the Gospel and the ever watchful, help- the Jew in his inner thinking looks ful missionaries form the bright lining of down upon the Gentile. In answer to ever lowering clouds. The story is as.

those who oppose Christian efforts at full of ordeals and the woes of polygamy Jewish evangelism, or who are indifferent as Mary Slessor's biography is of CaIa- to the subject, the author is not only bar twin tales. While the book lacks ~nti~ely evangelical but equally logical the naive charm of Jean Mackenzie's in- m his argument. He reminds us of the terpretation of Bulu life, it has the same Christian program, that "repentance and intimate touch with African experience.

remission of sins should be preached in It suffers from the free use of native His name, unto all nations, beginning at words which are often untranslated.

Jerusalem." He does not allow us to forget that Christianity owes much to The World, the Church and the Devil. By John A. Morgan. 12mo. 198 pp. Judaism and that we who are true $1.25. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916.

Israelites spiritually, hold our treasure I rows Ussher, Missionary to Turkey and N the form of an interesting story, a not alone for ourselves but also in trust Presbyterian pastor of New Bruns- wick describes the social and theological for the Jew. The book contains the full conflicts of the church. The author dis- credits the religion which demands an list of authorities quoted and an ade- orthodoxy of faith rather than orthodoxy of life. Sometimes he obscures the disquate index. tinction between true and false grounds for belief and the relation between faith A Congo Chattel: The Story of an Afri- and life. The emphasis is on righteous- can Slave Girl. By Rev. Henry D. Campbell. Illustrated. SYzx7y,( in., 213 ness. PP. $1.25. Christian Alliance Publish- Ting Company, New York, 1917. ~IS t~le of wom~n's lot and suffer- mgs m the Belgian Congo is sub- stantially true, though names are fictiti- New Books on Missions Mormonism, the Islam of America. By Our Work in the Orient. Edited by Bruce Kinney. 12mo. 210 pp. $1.00. N. G. Prescott. Pamphlet. 256 pp. Fleming H. Revell. New enlarged Women's American Baptist Foreign edition. Missionary Society, 1917.

From Romance to Reality. By Henry Literatura Escogida. Pamphlet. 78 pp. C. Mabie. 8vo. 396 pp. $2.00. 1917. $ .20. Committee on Co-operation in Latin America. Franklin Spencer Spalding. By John Howard Melish. Bvo. 297 pp. $2.25. Library of Christian Co-operation. Re- The Macmillan Company, 1917. ports of Third Quadrennial Meeting of the Federal Council of Churches. Six The New Archeological Discoveries. volumes. $5.00. Single volumes, $1.00 By C. M. Cobern. Bvo. 698 pp. each. Missionary Education Move- $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls, 1917. ment, 1917.

The Devil in Modern Society. By J. W. The Immigrant and the Community. By Grace Abbott. 303 pp. 8vo. $1.50. The Lowber. 20B pp. $ .50. Standard Century Company, 1917. Press, 1917. Alaska, the Great Country. By Ella Hig- The Revolt in Arabia. By C. S. Hur- ginson. 8vo. $2.50. The Macmillan gronje. 16mo. 50 pp. $ .75. G. P. Company, 1917. Putnam's Sons, 1917.

"Will There Be Any Religion Left After ALL CHRISTIANS s~ould make an ~lFort. to the War?" WIn others to ChrISt. ..In effective method is by the use of an interesting Gospel tract, prayerfully handed or inclosed in a letter, Fr:() sampJes of good tracts for Christians and the unsaved'.

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Their answers are found in Parts II and III, MAX CHAS. PRICE, Architect under sub-titles "The Cry of the Times" and "The Hope of the Age," with subdivisions Sn•••nor to BENJ. D. &: MAX CHAS. PRICE which hint of what these answers are. ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS NEW JERSEY Dr. Orchard's opening question sounds pessimistic; his final assertion s reveal an elastic FABER FOLDINg optimism. He believes in a "Holy War to ORGANS which Christ is now calling us." They are the most compactl ha.ve the. 8vo. Cloth. 271 Pages. $1.S0 Nd. Average carriage largest volume and sweetest tone of any charges 12 Cents Folding Organ on the market. Send ~~i~:rr~i~~. catalogue. price list an~ Fold8 like a 8uiioo8e HOMO FABER, Dept. 308 53 W. Jackson Blvd.. Cbiuco Volumes of THE REVIE~ 1890 to 1916 at $3.00 each These volumes contain nearly one thousand pages of most I yaluabl~ missionary information, with maps and photograph~ FUNK 8< WAG NALLS COMPANY, Publishers ,llustratlOns. ACCEPT THIS OFFER NOWI 354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _……J j 156 Fifth Avenue New York City – – – – – – – – – – – – ~——- – – – – – _ . _ – – – – – – – ————~~ The Missionary's Preparation May Be Improved By Study at Home High grade correspondence courses, at only $5.00 each, Homilities, Systematic Theo!oE!'y, Christian Worker's Course, and four other courses, offered by The Chicago Evangelistic Institute 1754 Washington Blvd., Chicago, Ill.

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New York, 354-3&0 Fourth Ave. – Londoa, 134 Salisb…" Sq. 354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals t DR. FRED B. FISHER plans to sail August 2nd on a tour of investigation of India's edu- i cational system and its relation to the Mass Movement of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. Fisher will also visit Japan, Korea and China. f MRS. HORACE G. UNDERWOOD, widow of the pioneer missionary to Korea, herself the I first medical missionary to that land, and physician to the empress, has returned to Korea with her son and his wife, where they will all be engaged in educational work in Seoul. J REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, recently a missionary of the Presbyterian Board in Persia, ;I has received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Marietta College, Ohio. Dr. Labaree is a graduate of this college and of Princeton Theological Seminary. He has recently found i it necessary to leave the mission field in Persia to take up work' in Ameriea. I DR. J. A. McDONALD, distinguished editor of the "Toronto Globe" and "world citizen," delivered the Cole lectures at Vanderbilt University. The series included such themes as I "The Law of the World's Good Will," "The Conflict of Ideas" and "The American Idea," and many who heard him have been given a new conception of the righteousness of Amer- ~ ica's cause. I BISHOP WILLIAM F. OLDHAM, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, arrived in New York from South America on June 26th. t ARTHUR RUGH, B. A., after seven years of administrative work in America with the i Foreign Department of the International Association, has returned to China as National Student Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. Previous to his first term in I China he was Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement. I EDGAR M. MEDLAR, M. D., has been commissioned by the Yale Foreign Missionary Society for service at Changsha, China, in connection with the "Yali" Medical School and t Hospital. The Yale-in-China movement has been described by a Chinese wit as "New Heaven in China." In twelve years a plant, faculty and student body have been developed i equal in size to what it has taken Yale in America one hundred years to produce. .

MISS TSAI, a Bible woman of the Nanking Station, China, has been remarkably successful in carrying the Gospel message to her less fortunate sisters.

DR. TIMOTHY RICHARD, called by the scholars of China "Li-ti-mo-tai," has very largely helped by his personal efforts to forward the Reform Movement in that country. The books he prepared in the Chinese language gained for the Christian message an entrance into the official circles of China when other methods of approach had failed.

SIR JOHN KENNAWAY, BART., C. B., for thirty years president of the Church Missionary Society, has felt constrained to resign this office in view of the new and difficult problems opening out before the Society.

MR. WELLESLEY C. BAILEY, founder and superintendent of the Mission to Lepers, after forty years' work, has resigned his position because of advancing years. He is to be succeeded by MR. W. H. P. ANDERSON, formerly the Secretary for India.

XIII

THE MISSIONARY MARK ON THE MAP Chap! MENTAL In &re~l'I of memorizing PHY~ICAL In dailY abnegatIons Loeate also MORAL In unwonted. 8elf-coflQu~t .,your own Board Trdil of IItatIOTlS. Wrought in the" R,wel' with God"

o SUGGESTIONS FOR MISSION STUDY CLASSES For use with the Text books on Africa-Drawn by Miss F. p. Bennett SOLDIERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE IN A REFRESHMENT "HUT" NEAR THE FIRING LINE WAITING IN LINE AT A FRENCH Y. M. C. A. CANTEE N I N FRANC E ONE OF THE SOCIAL CENTERS NEAR THE TRENCHES IN FRANCE England's finest women are hostesses to soldiers A Y. M. C. A. BIBLE CLASS FOR GERMAN PRISONERS OF W AR- SOMEWHERE IN ENGLAND MEXICO'S NEED NOT CROSSES BUT THE LIVING CHRIST Our The only Lord god many of the Mexicans Poison know WAYSIDE CROSSES IN NEW MEXICO .. Crosses there are in abundance, but when shall the doctrine of the Cross be held up? ..

I

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1917

Leonard was for over twenty-five years Associate Editor of the

He was born on July 20, 1834, and was for some years a Congregational Home Missionary in Utah. He died at his home in Oberlin, Ohio, on Friday morning January 26, 1917. He was well known as a missionary historian and statistican.

MISSIONARY

EVIEWife VOL. MARCH, 1917 NUMBER THREE XL SIGNS OF THJETXMES THE UNITED STATES AND SIAM SIAM enjoys the good will and friendly feeling of all the world, but she has no more earnest and sincere friends than the people of the United States. Her just and patient conduct in international relationships, the freedom and happiness of her people under their government, and the cordiality of the relations between the American citizens-almost entirely missionary-in Siam, and both the government and the people, have fostered and strengthened the special go~d will of America toward the Siamese. As has been the case with Chosen, the chief relationship has been through the Christian missionaries, and in consequence the problems have not arisen which are likely to grow out of the collision of commercial or political interests.

When the first treaty between the United States Government and Siam was negotiated in 1856, Dr. Wood, of the American Embassy, who was later surgeon-general of the navy, wrote that "the unselfish kindness of the American missionaries, their patience, sincerity and faithfulness, have won the confidence and esteem of the natives, and in some degree transferred those sentiments to the nation represented by the missionary and prepared the way for the free and national intercourse now commencing. It was very evident that much of the apprehension they felt in taking upon themselves the responsibilities of a treaty with us would be diminished if they could have the Rev. Mr. Mattoon as the first United States Consul to set the treaty in motion."

In I 87 I the Regent of Siam frankly told Mr. Seward, the United States Consul-General at Shanghai, ."Siam has not been disciplined by English and French guns as China has, hut the country has been opened by missionaries."

The Siamese Government has often given expression to this deep

appreciation of the spirit and work of the missionaries. During the reign of the present king's father there were many utterances like the following: "Many years ago the American missionaries came here. They came before any other Europeans, and they taught the Siamese to speak and read the English language. The American missionaries have always been just and upright men. They have never meddled in the affairs of government, nor created any difficulty with the Siamese. They have lived with the Siamese just as if they belonged to the nation. The government of Siam has great love and respect for them, and h",s no fear whatever concerning them. When there has been difficulty of any kind, the missionaries have many times rendered valuable assistance. For this reason the Siamese have loved and respected them for a long time. The Americans have also taught the Siamese many things." The missionaries brought the printing press, modern education, the hospital, the use of quinine and vaccination and the care of the leper to Siam. "Your missionaries first brought civilization to my country," said the present Minister of Foreign Affairs. And some years ago, at a banquet given in honor of Prince Damrong, then the leading statesman of Siam, the prince said to the American Minister in a voice to be heard by all present: "Mr. King, I want to say to you that we have great reo spect for your American mis.sionaries in our country, and appreciate very highly the work that they are doing for our people. I want this to be understood by everyone, and if you are in a position to let it be known to your countrymen, I wish you would say this for me. The work of your people is excellent."

The present king, who was educated in England, has been equally cordial in his expressions, and has now sent a number of Siamese students to colleges and universities in America. Among them has come his own brother, who, although one of the highest princes in the land, desires to be treated in America as a private citizen, and who is applying himself to a long seven-year course of study in sanitation and hygiene with a view to returning to devote himself to meeting the conditions of life in Siam. It has required no small measure of courage for one of the leading princes of the kingdom to choose such a sphere of activity, and all who have met him have been greatly pleased with his modesty, his good sens~, and his ability. At a recent dinner in New York, where he was the guest of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, he gave renewed expressions to the friendly feeling of the Siamese Government toward the American missionaries, praising their careful abstention from all political interference, their sincere and unselfish efforts to serve the Siamese, and the purity and consistency of their lives as representatives of Christianity.

It is greatly to be desired that the present group of Siamese students should make such friends and gain such help from their studies in America that larger numbers will follow them to take back to their own land the best that America can give. Christian people in the com-

OF THE

munities where the students are living have a distinct Christian duty of helpfulness and friendship toward them.

PROMISES FOR MEXICO THE withdrawal of American troops from Mexico and the appoint- ment of Mr. Fletcher as United States representative to the de facto government of Carranza is the result of the joint deliberations of the American-Mexican Commission. What will be the ultimate effect is yet to be seen. The Mexicans should recognize in these concessions the helpful spirit of the United States and the desire to avoid the use of superior power to enforce rights. It is unfortunately true that the United States has spent some $200,000,000 in the unsuccessful pursuit of Villa and in the protection of the Mexican Border from armed raids.

Many in the United States are working to preserve the peace and to create confidence in the Carranza government. The Mexican-American League, under the lead of Dr. David Starr Jordan, has recently issued a pamphlet to explain the progress which Mexico has made since the outbreak of the Revolution. The pamphlet says: "Communal lands have been restored to the Indians, a sixteen-year factory limit for children established, arbitration courts, minimum wage, eight-hour day, and needed divorce legislation, are all in running order. There are in Latin America twenty times as many schools in existence as five years ago. President Carranza has sent to the United States 500 teachers for advanced normal instruction. Laws have been passed against bull fights, cock fights, and, in many states, drinkshops have been suppressed.' , Encouraging news comes also from the evangelical mission reports. AIexico, the Methodist organ, speaks of 700 girls in its Puebla school and 600 in that at Pachuca. Several able men in the State schools are on the teaching faculty. Mr. Davis of the Baptist Mission says that 200 new converts have come into the membership of the mission-seventy of whom are already baptized. "We have a big doctrinal class which meets every Monday night. It is the most enthusiastic class I have ever taught. .These new converts want to get as far as possible from Rome." Mr. Fritts of Chihuahua mentions a canvass for new members which the Young Men's Christian Association of that place conducted. The Roman Catholic priest publicly warned the people to have nothing to do with the enterprise, but more than 1,000 new members signed, everyone paying fees three months in advance. People are much more accessible to the Gospel than in former years.

The revolution has continued to make it impossible to carry out the missionary program for Mexico. The Constitutionalists only nominally control the country, for outside of the larger centers bandits roam

at will, and very little effort is made to get rid of them except when they molest the lines of communication. A correspondent writes to the Bap- tist World: "The Constitutionalists have abolished the constitution which they were supposed to be fighting to uphold, and there is now no other law than that of the will of the military chiefs. The people, seeking by force of arms to rid themselves of the dictatorship of Diaz, have fastened upon themselves a dictatorship still more arbitrary. The economic situation is critical in the extreme. The masses. were in Paradise in the times of Diaz compared with their misery and suffering now.

"Yet good has been accomplished. The power of the priests has been broken, although by no means annihilated. The common people have learned that no dictatorship can sustain itself perpetually, even though it cover itself with the seamless robe of religion or clothe itself in the sheep's clothing of constitutionalism. But in the country at large, by the mere fiat of the first chief, the national pastime of bull-baiting was abolished, and in some States the military governors have effectually suppressed the traffic in alcoholic liquors. A small amount of land has also been divided among the common people, though not much, and some of the egidos or communal lands have been restored to the Indian villages. But as a whole the revolution lacks that moral motive which would make it the success it might be.

"Evangelical work has suffered the inevitable consequences of a condition of revolution, lawlessness and brigandage. The American missionary societies, under the idea that their responsibility for the safety of their workers was greater than their responsibility for the work, recalled their missionary workers. Many schools of all grades from primary to theological have closed. Outlying stations have been abandoned, and the work in general has been greatly interfered with. Yet our churches in the larger cities have had a most prosperous year. The workers on the field are agreed that there never was a time when the people were so ready to hear the Gospel as at present. Bibles, Testaments and tracts are eagerly accepted and read with avidity. There seems to be a general expectation of a great movement toward evangelical Christianity in the near future. Various denominations are planning a union theological seminary and college, and a fusion of their missionary work."

STRUGGLE FOR PROGRESS IN HONDURAS SOME Latin American States are endeavoring to lift themselves by their boot straps. It cannot be done. There is need of a power from without or new life within. Last year the Department of Public Instruction in Honduras made a spasmodic effort to educate the neglected and primitive Sambos and other aborigines along the malarial coast of "The Mosquitia." Much of this great "un-

known," the largest and least known part of Honduras, awaits her Livingstone and Stanley. Four or five teachers were equipped with schools for primary work. This is good, but it should be supplemented by an evangelical Gospel-the only true regenerator and hope for such unfortunates.

Last year Jesuits were expelled from Honduras as they were making an attempt to impose another Bishop upon the poverty-stricken people.

The Government is now making spasmodic efforts to improve material conditions. A good macadamized road is being built from the Capital northward, 125 miles toward the railroad, which extends inland from Puerto Cortes some 65 miles. A big theater building, which the city needed about as badly as a small rural school needs a big brass band, has been put up with amazing speed. If these $200,000 had been expended upon a good graded road north to the coast new life-blood would quickly flow into this sequestered and rather self-complacent "Athens." The principal business mail of the capital city now comes in once, sometimes twice a week, on the back of an Indian! If the government money that is invested in the Boanilla Theater were invested instead in soII"ie good fruit steamers plying between the North Coast and New Orleans, Mobile and Galveston, by which private parties could market their produce, the country would soon feel the benefits.

Unfortunately, Honduras has been caught by the sophistry of government control, ownership and revenue, by means of the traffic in intoxicants. Since millions of bananas rot for want of transportation facilities, a mistaken remedy was propounded by which these decaying bananas could be converted into aguardiente, the intoxicant by which the country is already cursed. The two products most fatal to the welfare of the Republic are aguardiente (native rum) and tobacco. The sagacity and courage of the Governors of Yucatan and Sonora in MeXICO, who have put a ban on tobacco, are qualities needed in Honduras.

Another evil is the recently organized national lottery, which was doubtless instituted to check the flow of thousands and thousands of pesos pouring into the coffers of the Salvador lotteries. The Government winks at the great immorality and the example and temptation to gambling that is set before the people. Honduras should also suppress immoral pictures and vile literature. The moral corruption of the youth seems as universal as it is abominable and degrading.

We believe that the authorities measurably recognize and deplore the existence of some of these evils, but know not how to begin the campaigns of reformation and purging. When the life of the body politic is at low ebb morally it takes rare courage and skill to play the reformer. They need the courage to undertake these reforms speedily, but there is no hope that this will be done effectively until there is a better knowledge of God through Jesus Christ.

DEVELOPMENTS IN PORTO RICO WORKERS in Porto Rico may well be encouraged in considering the progress which has been made there in the last few years. Illiteracy, superstition, a low moral standard, fanaticism, and open opposition confronted those who came as the pioneer messengers of the Gospel. Then only fifteen per cent of the population could read or write. This has been raised more than twenty per cent and is stead· ily rising. At that time only six per cent of the children of school age were in attendance at school. Now the splendid schools in every town and barrio of the island are filled.

It may be said that it is too much to count this as a result of the Gospel, yet it is indirectly so. Less fanaticism and open opposition exist. Because of the fruits of the Gospel and the general diffusion of knowledge which has come through improved educational advantages, there is a greater spirit of tolerance on the part of all and of sympathy and friendly interest from many. Where it was impossible to get any recognition whatsoever from the press toward evangelical work, now the leading periodicals send their reporters and photographers to religious conferences.

All of these might be mentioned as results of the Gospel as a moral force. Its direct influence upon the religious life of those it has touched and blessed is seen in the churches, Bible schools and Young People's Societies which have been established throughout the island.

DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN LEADERS I NDIGENOUS Christianity with native leadership is the goal of missionary endeavor. It is therefore encouraging that the past year has shown an increase of forty-five per cent in the secretarial staff of the National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association in India. Eighty.five new secretaries have been secured during the year, making a total of 275. The largest portion of these was sent from abroad through the efforts of Mr. Edward S. Carter. Twenty promising young Indians have been taken on the staff during the year as probationers looking forward to the secretaryship. Of these all but two or three have already been engaged by local Associations for a period of years. More encouraging than numbers is the advanced position of responsibility which many of the Indian secretaries have taken.

Scarcely three months of 19 I 6 had passed when it seemed necessary for Mr. Carter, the senior national general secretary, to go to England and America to recruit more secretaries and raise aaditional funds. In February he sailed, and left Mr. Paul, an Indian, in entire charge of the work, both British and Indian. During Mr. Carter's absence Mr. Paul guided the Movement with the utmost prudence and ability, so that it had advanced in all directions by the time of Mr. Carter's return. Mr. Paul is an example of what Indian leaders may accomplish.

THE WORLD TURNING TO CHRIST?

ANSWERS to this question will vary according to one's viewpoint and understanding of what "turning to Christ" means. There is unquestionably an increasing appreciation in all lands of many of the ideals and blessings of Christian civilization. A writer in a recent number of a secular magazine declares that Christianity is conquering the world. He declares that in Korea there is an average of 3,000 converts a week; in China 7,000 students, scholars and officials are enrolled in Bible classes; in Japan evangelism is winning thousands; in India the mass movement is enrolling 150,000 candidates for baptism, and whole villages are turning to Christ. Afrka has single churches with memberships of 10,000, and even South America is showing signs of evangelical awakening. There are enough signs of the working of God's Spirit in the world to encourage everyone who works and prays for the coming of God's Kingdom on earth.

On the other hand, there is far too much worldliness in the Church and too much ungodliness in so-called Christian lands to give ground for complacency or satisfaction with present conditions. The world can never be termed Christian, even in outward life, until the marriage tie is held sacred, while dishonesty is countenanced in business, and selfseeking rules in politics, until white slavery is unknown and intemperance is ostracised. The world will be Christian only when man's laws are identical with God's laws and man's conduct is in harmony with them, when God's Name is hallowed, God's Word is known and obeyed, and God's Day is sacred to rest, worship and Christian service. When will this time come? It is worth working for and praying for, but it will not be ushered in by wholesale movements for political and social reforms. It will come when Christ Himself comes to reign in the hearts and lives of men.

THE WAR AS A STIMULUS TO MISSIONS THE great opportunities which the European conflict presents for furthering Christianity, that have been mentioned in the REVIEW, are also revealed in the recent visit to the front in France by Mr. J. H. Oldham, editor of the International Review of Missions.

His recent book, "The WorId and the Gospel," has been read and pondered over by soldiers in their hours of respite from shot and sheIla fact that is an augury of good for the future of British Missions.

Still more directly stimulating were the instructions recently give~ to outgoing missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, when attention was called to the lessons of the war that are applicable to the pres-

ent mIssIOnary situation. The great principle of co-operation and corporate action taught by the unity of the Allies must be fundamental in this enterprise if missions are to succeed. The missionaries were told the value of unity in diversity; the value of united enterprises, like the union language schools, the Madras Christian College for Women and the union of Chinese medical missions to provide proper medical instruction for that Republic; above all, the supreme need of an intimate spirit of brotherhood is taught by the war. The importance of the indigenous Church becoming self-propagating and the urgent need for equipping natives themselves as ministers and leaders in their own communities was illustrated by Britain's sending her armies to France, "not to deliver her, but to assist her to deliver herself."

Strategy in missions is also to be learned from the present conflict. India needs it for her problems in great mass movements, and in the Christian approach to Moslems and others there. CHina is confronted by questions such as these: Which party must be won first, old or new China? Which work must go forward, the old village evangelization, or the new work for students? The need of co-operation among women in their work, just as men are laboring together, must prove equally strategic. Rev. E. S. Woods, Chaplain of the Forces, struck another chord, that of a holy spiritual world warfare. He sounded the appeal from the "Prince Leader" for soldiers of the Cross to strive for worldwide issues in this time, when history is working out on broader lines, and when world crisis may lead to world redemption.

"The thing which is over and over again deciding the fate of engagements, where the other factors are more or less balanced, is that triumph of light-hearted joyousness which has been one of the revelations of the war. Vhat is the secret of this characteristic joy manifested broadcast in types of character as far removed as English and Colonial, French and Russian? It would seem to have three conditions and to appear wherever the three are present all together. First, a great and worthy cause; second, full and complete sacrifice for that cause; third, leadership that inspires confidence. Given these three, and you will also find this joy, which is a very harbinger of victory."

Such advice, given by the Society to its outgoing candidates, and such manifest proofs that these three may be in every missionary's life, are stimulating to American missionaries as well as to those from Great Britain.

DELAVAN L. LEONARD-MISSIONARY HISTORIAN F EW men have done more, in a quiet unostentatious way, by the • use of mind and pen for the missionary cause than was done by Delavan L. Leonard, who was called to his reward from his home in Oberlin, Ohio, on the morning of January 26th of this year. Dr.

Leonard was for over a quarter of a century the statistician and news editor of the REVIEW. It was his painstaking effort that first gathered

COMMENT

the yearly statistics from all the Protestant Missionary Societies of the world, and tabulated them for the use of students. These yearly statistics, printed in the REVIEW, have been for twenty-five years the basis of comparison in studying foreign missionary progress. Dr. Leonard for many years examined some three hundred papers and magazines a month to take from them the cream of missionary news and the most interesting facts and incidents. Even at the age of eighty-two, when his eyesight was rapidly failing, his appetite for missionary intelligence was as keen as ever, and he was as eager to gather up and serve the best items discovered in his daily search for the benefit of our readers. He was the author of several well-known standard volumes, including: "A Hundred Years of Missions" ; "Missionary Annals of the Nineteenth Century," and "The Story of Oberlin."

Delavan Levant Leonard was next to the youngest of fourteen children of Thomas and Betsy Peck ILeonard. He was born on July 20, 1834, on a farm in Pendleton, Niagara County, New York. His parents were earnest Christians, and after a district schooling, the young lad decided to study for the ministry. He entered the Union School at Lockport, N. Y., and from there went to Hamilton College at Clinton. It was here that he first formed what became a life-long friendship with Arthur T. Pierson. Both boys were working their way through college,' and later through Union Seminary, New York City, and the young man from the farm and the lad from the city each saw in the other sterling qualities of courage, honesty, thrift and high ideals of Christian service' that drew forth respect and admiration.

Arthur T. Pierson was called to large city churches and prominent leadership in foreign missionary campaigns. Delavan Leonard served smaller, but needy fields in Connecticut, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri and Minnesota, and then became Congregational Home Missionary Superintendent for Utah, Montana, Idaho and Western Wyoming. He lived in Salt Lake City from 1881 to 1887, and became an authority on Home Missions and on Mormonism as it is in theory and in practice. He endured hardship as a good soldier of Jesus Christ during those pioneer 'days. Many long hours were spent in summer arid winter in stage coaches on the western plains as he visited small churches and explored the country to see where missions were most needed.

In 1887, Dr. Leonard moved to Oberlin, Ohio, where two sons were attending college. He became pastor of a Congregational church in Bellevue, and later Secretary of various Church and Missionary Societies. In 1890, he became Associate Editor of THE MISSIONARY RE- VIEW OF THE WORLD, and so continued until his death.

Dr. Leonard was a diligent worker, a faithful friend and a humbleminded follower of Christ. His physical heart weakened after eightytwo years of service, but his heart of loving devotion to God and man beat strong even to the end of his earthly journey. Then the Master called him to cross the river of death easily where the ford was narrow and shallow, and he entered into the unlimited Life beyond.

SCOTCH MEMBERS OF THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE IN

(From a photograph loaned hy the founder 01 the League_ MIS_ Charles M. Alexander)

God's Battle-Line

Two Crowded Years of Work and Witness Among the Soldiers BY MRS. GRACE PETTMAN POFT, BRIGHTO~, ENGLAND Mrs. Pout, as a loyal English q].'oman, ltas avoided tlte mention of names of places that might embarrass Iter country in the present conflict. She gives, ho'wever, a graphic story of Christian service in the midst 0/ 'War.-EDITOR.

'TWO years and six months ago, when, out of the silence of a sum- mer midnight, the word WAR! flashed round the world, the word rang out as a challenge to the Church of God to awake-to mobilize its forces-to shoulder arms and be about the business of the King ~f kings. In a few hours the whole nation suddenly sprang to "Attention I" Armies of men flocked to the colors. Within a few hours, too, the forces of God's Far-Flung Battle-Line were being marshalled for the spiritual conflict: plans of campaign were drawn up, men and women were on their knees seeking special enduement of Power from on High for the great opportunity thrust suddenly upon them-for that this war has brought unparalleled opportunity and unparalleled victory to the Gospel, and the Word of God, none can deny.

To crowd into a short article a record of all the Christian service that has been done among the warring nations would be to attempt a task impossible-one can only touch a point here and there, and cry in wonder and praise: "What hath God wrought?" The front rank in this battle-line of gospel effort in the midst of a world at war is, of course, occupied by those societies which have been distributing the Scriptures.

THE WORD OF GOD ITSELF The Scripture Gift Mission easily surpasses all records for actual numbers, for in the first two crowded years of war service they have distributed about se'l;enteen millionJ of '''Active Service'" Testaments, "Khaki" and "Navy" gospels and text-books, in eighty-eight languages, including all the tongues of nations engaged in the war, at a cost of £70)000 ($350,000) -the free-will offerings of God's people. Such a record is unique, and the story of the distribution would fill a volume. Soon after war broke out the late revered Lord Roberts wrote the now famous autograph message which is inserted in the millions of Gospels and Testaments issued by the Scripture Gift Mission. It is as follows: "1 ask you to put your trust in God. He will watch over you, and strengthen you. You will find in this 'little Book guidance when you are in health, comfort when you are in sickness, and strength when you are in adversity.

"ROBERTS, F.M."

Shortly after penning these words Lord Roberts was called to his eternal reward, but the message he gave to our soldiers still goes on. Admiral Sir John J ellicoe also kindly autographed two verses to be inserted in the Testaments and Gospels issued to the men in His Majesty's navy: H.M.S. IRON DUKE "Be strong arid of good courage, be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed; for the Lord thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest. Honour all men.

Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the King. "Yours very truly, "JOHN ]ELLIeOE."

At the end of each Gospel a few familiar hymns are printed, and a decision form, which reads: . "Being convinced that I am a sinner, and belie'ving that Christ died for me, I now accept lfim as my personal Sa'uiour, and with His help I intend to confess Him before men."

What this has meant to thousands of soldiers when face to face with danger and death can be judged by the fact that a lance-corporal wrote from the trenches "Somewhere in France," enclosing a British Treasury note for £I, dirty and crumpled, looking as if it had been through many engagements, to help send out more Gospels to his com- rades. This lance-corporal said it was part of his work to go and reverently tend the bodies of those who had laid down their lives upon the battle-field, to collect their belongings and search their pockets. He found in nearly every case that the man possessed an "Active Service" Testament containing Lord Roberts' message, but the most cheering thing about it was that the men had signed the Decision Form! In- deed, in the case of one young officer, whose body had been stripped of every identification mark before it was found, the only clue to his name was his signature to this Decision Form in an "Active Service" Gospel, and this, sent back to England, brought comfort and solace to his widowed mother.

Results like these might be multiplied, for workers everywhere have been busy placing the Two-Edged Sword of the Word of God in the hands of the British soldier from the day of his enlistment till he reaches the first-line trenches and the firing-line. Hundreds of letters have been received telling the story of God's blessing on this work. The Secretary of the Scripture Gift Mission has seen numerous well-worn and much-read Testaments that have passed through the fiercest of the warfare. In many cases, too, the copy of the Word of God, carried in the breast pocket, has stopped the bullet and saved the soldier's life, and the mutilated Testament has come back as a trophy. It is no idle boast to say that the best way of recording this wide work of distribution of the Word of God is to take a war map of the world and enumerate everyone of the fighting nations, for the Word of God is

GOD'S BATTLE-LINE

spreading ev.erywhere. In France, open doors have been entered in all directions. The Belgians in England and Holland have received the VV'ord of God. The workers of the Scripture Gift Mission among the soldiers in Belgium were allowed to go right to the front-line trenches, and had the honor of an interview with the heroic Queen of the Belgians herself. She accepted a khaki French Testament, and said: "I think this is very nice for the sol- diers to have, and it is very kind of you to give it to them I" In Rou- mania, too, a princess of the royal house has taken the deepest interest in the work of distributing the Word of God to the soldiers of her coun- try. But the story of the distri- bution of the Scriptures in Russia is the most wonderful of all, for the honorary superintendent of the work of the Scripture Gift Mission in that country has been able to cir- culate among the Russian troops Testaments, Gospels and smaller por- tions of God's Word to a total of over five millions! The royal fam- ily of Russia have identified them- selves with this effort by allowing A POCKET TESTAMENT THAT SAVED THE the following message to be printed LIFE OF A PRIVATE SOLDIER IN THE in each Gospel and underlined in 1ST WORCESTER SHIRE AT ARMENTIERES, red: AUGUST 20, ]915 "His Imperial Highness, the Heir-,1pparent to the Russian Throne, most graciously gives this Gospel) which has been sent to him by Sundayschool scholars in the British Isles and Colonies.)) The secretary to the Empress of Russia wrote recently: "Her Imperial Majesty, the Empress, has asked me respectfully to report: Concerning the gift of Testaments and Psalms by the Sunday-school children of England and the English Colonies placed by'you at the disposal of His Imperial Highness, the Czarevitch, for consignment to the active army, Her Imperial Majesty has graciously commanded me to thank the contributors in the august name of His Imperial Highness for the above-mentioned gift, and to have the same forwarded to the active army by means of Her Imperial Majesty's own supply train."

Thank God for the open doors of such an opportunity I What hath God wrought? No wonder the superintendent of this work in Russia wrote only the other day: "It is grand to be living, and to be living here at present I"

Associated now with the Scripture Gift Mission is the old and val-

uable work of the Naval and Military Bible Society, which, founded in 1780, has over a century's record of successful service.

Turning to the British and Foreign Bible Society, which for over a century has been circulating the Word of God all over the world in no less than 500 languages and dialects, we find, as we might expect, that directly war broke out their plan of campaign was formed for seizing the tremendous opportunity thus given. Over five million copies have been issued in the various languages· required by the war; the staff of trained colporteurs in all countries were ready to deal with the work. When war broke out the Bible Society already occupied "strategic points"-a depot in every country at war. Thank God, even in the countries with whom Great Britain is at war, not one has closed the Bible depot! In spite of the war, the Bible depots in Berlin, Vienna, Budapest, Warsaw and Constantinople have been able to keep open. This has given the British and Foreign Bible Society opportunities of work that are altogether unique, and the story the workers have to tell is wonderful indeed.

Besides a huge work of distribution among soldiers in the fighting- line of many countries, the Bible Society has done a marvelous work among the sick and wounded and prisoners of war. The Bible House in London is in touch with over 1,200 military and voluntary aid hos- pitals for the wounded in Britain. For King George's Hospital in Lon- don alone Testaments were provided free for 1,680 beds, and to this and hundreds of other hospitals new supplies of the Scriptures are sent as fresh convoys of wounded arrive. The real missionary service that Red Cross workers are doing among those who are broken in the war, let . a noble Christian nurse's own letter tell, written from a great British hospital after a convoy of wounded had arrived. She says: "Our big rush began on Wednesday. . . . To get them fed, bathed and their wounds dressed was a task we did not finish till 10.30 P.M. Some of the poor boys are very' badly wounded. Friday and Saturday we worked from 6-45 until IO P.M., only taking three minutes for dinner, which consisted of bread and butter and water, and for tea we got what we could in passing. The boys have done their duty, and it is now our turn to do ours. The privilege God is giving us is a very great one, and the boys are all so cheerful and brave. Pray for me very specially at this time. God is so good to me. You will be surprised to know that I never feel tired either in mind or body. If you will send me some Tes- taments I shall be so glad."

Needless to say, a grant of copies of God's Word was immediately sent to help this noble nurse in her work for the bodies and souls of our fighting men!

A Canadian officer confessed that he had set little store by the Bible until the day came in France when he and his battalion found themselves in a perilous corner. They were under fire and dared not move. The officer noticed a few of his men who had crawled into a

GOD'S BATTLE-UNE

group together, and saw one man take out his knife and cut a,T~sta"

ment into half a dozen bits and distribute them among his comddes, who there and then began to read. It must be wonderful to read the story of Gethsemane, the story of Calvary, the story of the Rede~ption while lying under fire, and those men had learned by actual experience what it means to be obedient unto death-learned, too, that nothing else matters but the things of the soul, the sinner and his Saviour, the real.ity of God's message in His Word concerning salvation when face to face with eternity.

Despite the loss of books, which to some extent has been shared by of all the societies through the torpedoing of vessels carrying consignments of the Scriptures, the work distribution has gone on in every country affected by the war. In one eastern country, where the officials naturally now require all mission workers to be registered," a policeman stopped a Bible Society colporteur and asked for his permit.

"Here it is !" said the colporteur, and opening his Bible he pointed to the words of the "Great Commission," "Go ye into all the world and prea"ch the- GOspel to every creature." , "He was allowed to pass. The work,of distribution on "every: hand has been dorie with care and discrimination and prayer. An officer noticirig a man firing wildly and blindly one day cried out: "Where in the world do you think your bullets are going?"

"I don't know, sir," said the soldier, "but they're leaving here!" "

Not so do the workers seem to distrihute aimlessly the Word of ", G~ The Bible Society records one fact which alone js sufficient to point out the" horrors involved by war. Men who have been eniployed as native colporteurs" in different lands have been called 10 the colors of the various countries, some actually fighting each other as enemies ! No nobler record exists than the wonderful work which all societies have done amongst the enemy prisoners of war of all countries and interned aliens in our midst. Besides this, copies of the Word of God have been sent to the prisoners of war interned in warring countries, of whatever nation and class and creed, and in some camps a real revival of the work of God has taken place. At one large camp over a hundred men have decided for Christ.

While actually penning this article the writer received this postcard from an Irish lad, a prisoner of war, sorely wounded when captured two years ago, and ever since interned in a German prison camp: "I am more than thankful to you for your kindness toward me, also very thankful for the books which you sent. I wish you could send some more, as we could pass away our time more easily!"

Besides the societies distributing the Word of God among prisoners of war in all countries, there are other societies who have answered nobly to the claims made by the war, and enabled us to respond to letters such as these. To the fighting men on" land and sea,to prisoners

of war, to the wounded and the suffering, to the soldiers of all countries engaged in war the Religious Tract Society has sent Gospel books, tracts and text-cards to the number of many millions. In addition to the 286 languages in which the Society has already issued Christian literature, special publications in seventeen languages have been prepared for soldiers and others affected by the war. A great work in this connection has also been done by the Sterling Tract Enterprise of Scotland. In addition to their usual work on manifold lines this society has disposed of about two and a half millions of gospel publications among soldiers, the wounded and prisoners of war. Standing true to the clear Gospel of sin, substitution and salvation, this society has done a valuable work in many countries, and at least one of their allied agencies is practically unique, the ministry of comfort to the sorrowing, some eighteen thousand booklets containing messages of hope and solace to the bereaved having been posted to homes of all ranks stricken by death.

SOCIAL WELFARE WORK Much more might be written concerning the work done by these and kindred organizations, for all have been trying to do their bit; but attention must now be given to those agencies which have had for their object the personal welfare and comfort of the soldier. First and foremost in this, the magnificent work accomplished by the Young Men's Christian Association stands out prominently. Wherever Britain's fighting forces have gone, there has gone also the sign of the Red Triangle-the Young Men's Christian Association. In a thousand training camps at home, in more than a hundred centers in France, in various parts of the Mediterranean and the East, there the sign of the Red Triangle marks a place of rest and recreation and refreshment-a welcome and safety and shelter for the soldier and a center for spiritual work as well. Within ten days after the outbreak of war the Y. M. C. A. had erected 200 marquees for the men, continually increasing the number as time went on, and replacing the canvas tents by substantial wooden huts as winter drew near. Where other buildings were available they were promptly "commandeered." The editorial secretary tells the story of strange contrasts in some of the places utilized as Y. M. C. A. centers: from an old disused pig-sty and a converted brewery to a "Court" in the Crystal Palace, His Majesty the King's own riding-school at Buckingham Palace, and a Sultan's place in Egypt, while huts have been given by royal donors, by school children, by towns and cities. Their Majesties, the King and Queen, Queen Alexandra and Princess Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein are among those who have taken the keenest interest in the work of the Y. M. C. A., and visited the huts in person. Officers and men, soldiers and sailors and munition workers j men in training and men in the trenches j men of every nationality and color j men who need a shelter and men who need a meal; men who want a book to read or a sheet of paper to write a letter-all wants are met

GOD'S BATTLE-LINE

at the Sign of the Red Triangle, while the spiritual needs of the men have not been forgotten. Special services have been held, many have signed the war roll, pledging themselves to the service of Jesus Christ, while thousands of Testaments and Gospels have been given to those who wished to have them.

What the Y. M. C. A. has done on a scale of immensity hitherto undreamed of for the men, the Young Women's Christian Association has done in a much smaller way, quietly, but nevertheless effectively, for the vast arousing of Britain's girlhood and womanhood, who, by setting free a man for war service, are "doing their bit" for King and country in various ways.

While not forgetting the social needs of the soldiers, the work of the Soldiers' Christian Association has specially met the spiritual needs of the vast armies which the war has called into being. Besides the S. C. A. huts, which have been built in camps all over this country, there are eight at least in France, and at each and all of them a great work for eternity is going on.

The Army Scripture Readers' Society is an older organization, which, formed in I852, has done a wonderful work, having the seal of royal approval. Men of mature age who have seen long years of actual service in the army, and proved their Christian character by years of faithful witnessing for Him in the ranks, should surely be useful workers among soldiers, and some sixty are employed as army Scripture readers, spending and being spent in the service of their fellows.

The Church Army and the Salvation Army have both, in addition to their manifold organizations, done much, very much, for the welfare of the soldier-building huts and canteens, arranging for special services, for meals, for reading and writing-rooms, lastly, but by no means least, doing a grand work in alleviating the awful sufferings of British prisoners of war, hundreds of parcels of food and clothing being despatched every week to those unfortunate men in German camps.

Out of the strange new circumstances that are daily bringing the changes in the quiet order of our lives, every opportunity is an opportunity to witness for God.

A city missionary whose work lies among the men of a great British fire brigade tells a wonderful story. One dark night of desperate danger and death a Christian fireman had been called out five times to extinguish fires caused by bombs dropped from a Zeppelin upon "somebody's home" "somewhere." The danger was over at last, and the crowd, to relieve the tension of pent-up feeling, was ready for a laugh and a joke. The fireman, exchanging his heavy helmet for a cloth cap, dropped a paper out of the lining and a rough-looking man shouted out in fun: " 'Ere, look, 'e's dropped a love-letter!" Stan~ing six feet high, the giant fireman stooped and picked up the paper, saymg:

'~Aye, aye, mates,' it is a love-letter. You can have it, here you are I" Greatly surprised, the laughter of the crowd was hushed, and the fireman went on: "I'll read what it says!" And slowly and clearly he reads from the paper, the printed invitation to a Gospel service, and underneath the old familiar verse. John iii. 16. "Let me tell you what it means I" went on the fireman, addressing the crowd, who had just escaped from dreadful danger and possible death. "This is God's love-letter, and it is for you, for me and everybody else. That love has done everything for me ! 'Vhen the bombs began falling to~night I was ready for the work. I answered the call and have done my bit. I'v.e been as tough a customer as any of you, but when I came across God's love-letter it pulled me up and changed me, and here I am, to face bombs and fire, because I believe in that love-letter. Now; let me ask you, weren't you in a fright when the bombs began bursting? You need have no real fear if you believe in God's love-letter 1 I've done, and must get away; you take that letter home and think about it!"

The fireman climbed on his engine, the crowd dispersed. The Gospel message had been given in the darkness of midnight from the lips of a workingman-a message out of the recent horrors of a Zeppelin raid. Has it not been written for all time that God maketh even the wrath of man to praise Him? – Until the clock was actually on the very stroke of that fateful summer midnight, two years and a half ago, when the nations suddenly sprang to arms, the cry went up to God fro,m a myriad hearts for peace-if peace were possible 1 Instead, God permitted war~war which has drenched half the world in blood and tears.• Why were our prayers for peace unheard? 'Vas it because God-'who sees the end of all things from the beginning-was giving to 'Us 'the answer to another longuttered prayer ? For years we had cried to Him to show us how to reach the young manhood of the nation-the manhood that would not listen to a Gospel message, or open the Word of God j the young manhood and yoangwomanhood who cared only for pleasure and were lost to the things of God, sunk in the deadly sleep of utter indifference? God heard that cry and gave us the answer-not in our way, but His 1 Those who were the hardest to reach-the young manhood of the nations-are just the ones in whose hands millions of copies of God's own Word have been placed, just the ones who, in the midst of danger and death, have come face to face with the reality of eternal things. Out of the midnight darkness has gone forth the cry: "The time is short. . . . Be ye also ready. . . . Prepare to meet thy God." Those who have spent two crowded years of busy service for the warring nations have one story alike to tell-many, very many, are yielding themselves to Christ and crowning Him King! To Him be all the praise for all the work of witnessing the glory and the victory in God's own Far-Flung Battle-Line 1

in the Mission

"The Weapons of Our Warfare Are Mighty to the Pulling Down of Strong- . holds ?"-2 Corinthians x. 4 BY DR. NORTH COTE DECK, AOLA, SOLOMON ISLANDS I Na recent battle in Europe a strong position had to be taken. The enemy's lines were so defended by trenches, parapets and barbed wire that any assault, however determined, by whatever number of men, must have failed. However brave the attackers might have been, not a man would have reached the enemy's trenches alive. It was quite impossible for the place to be taken by infantry assault. But the attacking general had collected large numbers of artillery, firing the most powerfully explosive shells. Vith this excessive strength of massed artillery a continuous fire was kept up for sixty hours on the one objective, until trenches were blown in, palisades thrown down and wire entanglements torn to pieces.

Then, when the artillery had done its work, the waiting troops were at last able to go up "every man straight before him," and.to capture the position with comparatively little loss. What had been absolutely impossible to them before had been made possible by the sustained fire of the artillery.

This is an instructive picture of spiritual warfare. There are positions of the adversary that canriot be stormed or starved. There are defences that are impregnable. There are obstructions which effectually bar the progress of the most devoted members of God's great missionary army. Before such can possibly succeed the sustained and continuous fire of the artillery of prayer is necessary. Nothing else can take its place. Nothing will avail till this has done its work.

Too often, in the absence of prevailing prayer, the assault is made and precious lives are sacrificed, time is lost, and all efforts are in vain; not because God is unfaithful, or the servant not devoted, but because the artillery of prayer has been lacking, and no breach has been made in the enemy's defences. Many defeats and tragedies come to mind where, after brave efforts, often for years, teachers have barely escaped· with their lives, and where, though bright prospects and brighter hopes once prevailed, nothing now remains but the ruins of little churches, and there is no present prospect of advance.

Why has the assault failed in these places? Why have precious souls been passing out, while the bread of life was at their gates and while in other distritts hundreds of heathen are passing from death unto life? Whyhas God's Word thus apparently failed in its effect after long years of effort? There seems one main answer. These devoted soldiers of the Cross have been leading the assault without adequate sup–

port. Some of them have had to advance almost alone against the entrenchments of the enemy. They have not been sufficiently served by the artillery of prayer. The breach which should have been made with the dynamic power of intercession has not been made.

A WAR OF MUNITIONS This holy war is a war of munitions, and of these there has too often been a tragical shortage. "To your tents, 0 Israel," has too often been sounded in the Church's ears, while the cry of the great Captain of our Salvation still rings out: "Ye that are the Lord's remembrances, take ye no rest, and give Him no rest" (Is. lxii. 6, R. V.). These wild outposts of God's everlasting empire may rise or fall and pass unnoticed, but I believe that we may find in them vital object lessons in spiritual warfare. Would that the Church at home might learn such lessons, and ensure that no more of God's pioneers in the regions beyond should need to advance to the attack without more adequate support, that no more devoted soldiers of the Cross should need to dash themselves in vain against the Edoms of the enemy. Would that, through the sustained artillery fire of prevailing prayer, the walls might be caused to "fall down flat" that every man might go up straight before him.

For prayer in the Spirit is God's provision for all the perils and problems of the Church. Until the breach is effected, the Church must have recourse to prayer. That is the only weapon which may prevail. It seems to me that the failure of an attack is often more a reflection on the intercessors than on the attackers. The sooner we realize the allimportant function of prayer the sooner we shall learn to put first things first, and to be resolved that, in our lives at least, nothing shall be allowed to usurp its place; and that we will not allow ourselves to be so cumbered with other clamant duties that prayer shall be crowded out.

In England there is a historic body of men known as The Honourable the Artillery Company. Commissions in this brigade have long been coveted and hard to obtain. Their function is the all-important one of breaking down and destroying the enemy's defences. They have their counterpart in God's great army of occupation, which contains a body of saints who have an equally important and essential function to perform. These might well be called the Honourable Company of the Intercessors. Their numbers, alas! are far too small, their ranks too thin. This service, in spite of its honor, is little sought after. For the great bulk of God's children are so short-sighted-indeed, so blind to spiritual warfare-that they cannot follow the flight of the projectiles of prayer nor realize the effect they produce.

Yet God will give the far sight of the seer to those who desire it, that at last we may realize the function and the urgency of prevailing prayer. This work of breaking down the walls and effecting a breach has got to be done. It is going to be done. But is it going to be done

PRAYER IN THE MISSION FIELD

by you? All cannot be great preachers or teachers. But I do not see anything in God's JVord that would prevent the humblest saint or the simplest believer from becoming a great intercessor. George Muller was raised up by God to be, not an exception, but an example. Intercession may be hidden service, yet it is none the less effective, none the less honorable. It is a service, too, with which many might be trusted, for it does not expose us to the deadly chill of popularity and applause. H ow often we ask for power from God that we might do greater things, and He needs to give us weakness that we might do better things! Here is a service worthy of the highest or the humblest. Recruits are needed, never so much as to-day!

PRACTICfL PRAYING Speaking as a learner to other learners, the best way to become a true intercessor, to learn to pray really, is to do it; to make a definite and sober beginning. We need not be so much concerned at first about knowing how to pray. 'Ve need to be intensely concerned about giving God a chance to teach us how to pray. Being then convinced that prayer is the greatest essential to holy living and effective ministry, it will be found a great help to make a covenant with God, that by His grace and as far as He enables we will devote a certain definite time each day to waiting on Him in intercession. As has been recently said, "God's acquaintance is not learned by pop calls," though that is all that many give Him. To know God, to have power with God, time is needed. Throughout the Word of God the greatest emphasis is laid upon waiting. There is something particularly healthful to the soul, and specially effective with God, in waiting. Short prayers have power mainly because of the long seasons of waiting that have preceded them.

If we are (or think we are) too busy to wait, then we must at once abandon the most effective service of the soul for God. Such waiting may be found toilsome at first; persisted in, it becomes a passion.

The one paramount essential, however, to power in prayer is, of course, and must always be, the enduement of the Spirit. However He may come in fullness; whether like a slowly rising tide in the surrendered soul, or, as with many of us, after long years of bitter wandering, through a single act of faith and a revolutionizing experience, more resembling the sudden change in the disciples at Pentecost; however He may come, He must be in charge. He must be, not Guest but Guide, not on the threshold but on the throne. With His enabling we shall have repeated the experience of the disciples-"When they had prayed the place was shaken where they were assembled, and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost." Then indeed shall we pray effectively; then indeed shall our weapons become mighty to the pulling down of strongholds, for He is the first prerequisite to prevailing power in prayer.

A Woman's Escape from

This story of this missionary's escape from the land of the Turk has a vital interest, especially in view of the fact that there are about .2,000 A meri- cans in Turkey who may be in difficulti~s in case of war with Germany. For obvious reasons the name of the Author is not g;ven.-EDIToR.

G ETTING out of Turkey, especially out of the most interior part of Turkey, is no small problem even in normal times, and in war times it truly seems next to impossible. Contrast the ease with which a man in New York may make a sudden decision to go to Chicago, throw a few necessary articles into his bag and start on the long journey, made short by electricity and steam, with the difficulties of a journey in the land of the Turk, as pictured in the following story. In America you pay three cents a mile and try not to complain too bitterly of the discomforts of the journey. How would it seem to pay fifteen cents a mile fQr the transportation of yourself and your steamer trunk and to spend fifteen days or more covering a distance of about two hundred and seventy miles! Luxurious travelers in America, "count your blessings, name them one by one."

Our journey was divided into two distinct parts: the first from Ba to Beirut, from November 15th to December 14th, only one day of it being by rail; and the second from Beirut to America, from June 23d to July 25th, all but twelve hours being by train or steamer. The first difficulty in both parts of our journey was that of getting government permiSSIOn to go. In each case the application waited over two weeks before the permission was granted. Not only a written Turkish permit was necessary, but an American passport; and for crossing Europe we had to have our passports viseed by the consuls representing each. country to be crossed. For each vise we spent much time and patience and about one dollar in cash. A letter, written in Turkish and si.gned by Jemal Pasha, the "king" of Syria, rec<,>mmending that oUT party be allo'wed to use military trains, etc., was without doubt the cause of our getting quickly and safely to Constantinople, and for this we have to thank our influential friends in Beirut. A second difficulty was that of finding means of transportation. It took several days and careful management finally to secure the vehicles with which we traveled from S—. All respectable horses had long since been commandeered by the government, and most of the professional drivers h<;td peen sent off to the front as soldiers. Of the spring wagons, without seats, in which we usually travel, only one was to be found, and tllat was furnished with horses too small and wretched for military use, even as pack animals, and with a drunken driver, whose one ambition was to compel those poor horses to go a little faster than they were able. This wagon carted one family- a father, mother, and two babies. N ext we engaged an ancient and decrepit landau, in which three ladies rode, so packed in with bundles and baskets that they dared not move lest they lose out their precious provisions for the journey. A springless wagon was also secured, with a skeleton of a cover, over which was thrown a bit of carpet_and, when it rained, a piece of oiled canvas j in this wagon another family of four rode. And for our trunks we had another springless wagon, wholly uncovered. A third difficulty was in the matter of food and drink along the way, We could, and did, carry along with us practically all the food we ate, but a party of eleven cannot carry a fifteen days' supply of drinking water. On the road going to Beirut we were traveling in the wake of the deported Armenians, ONE MEANS OF RAPID TRAKSIT FOR THE MISSIONARY -and'we did not dare to drink the water from springs and wells along the' way unless'it had been boiled for twenty minutes at least. It was as if w'e were traveling constantly through a cemetery where not half of the bodies had been buried. In the Turkish villages through which we passed we found sickness and death very prevalent, undoubtedly caused 'by the use of water ·which was not fit to drink. Whole villages depended for their drinking water upon wells into which, they told us, Armenian women" had thrown themselvesiri their despair. And between Beirut and· Cons"tantinople the numerous cases of cholera, typhoid, and other disease's among the soldiers ori and near o'ur route made it unsafe to drink a <:!rop of unboiled water. Our solution of the problem there was to get boiling water from the engine of our train, whenever ·we could, add sufficient tea to conceal any apparent impurities, arid drink it either hot or cold. .

Our journey from S– to Beirut was a memorable one. It was a time when law and order seemed to have been forgotten, and no redress for anyone could be expected and no human help depended upon in case of attack. We were supposedly traveling with police escort, but of the five mounted police requested, only two started out with us, and that number soon dwindled to one. These guards would travel along with us for only a few hours, then disappear. Generally another would join us after a short time to take the place of the pre- vious man. Sometimes we were much delayed by having to wait for our guard, for it did not seem safe to go on without one. After spending a day or two in one large city, we started early, with the as- surance that our guard would be waiting for us at the city gate.

But no guard was there, and after sitting in our wagons for three long hours, one of our number went back to the police headquar- ters to hunt up our man. At one stopping place we were plainly told that there was no guard for us, because they were all off on loot- ing expeditions. Before morning, however, some of them returned and we were able to have one to "protect" us! We traveled eight or ten hours a day and had to put up with whatever accommodations we found for the nights. Several times the so-called rooms offered TURKISH ZAllTIEH us were human pig-pens, and we were obliged to set up our beds out under the stars or stay in our wagons all night long. It was not easy, after riding all day through a veritable battlefield, where the contest was entirely one-sided and the slain were our fellow Christians, to close our eyes in sleep on an open flat roof, easily accessible from the ground.

But even there we could both lay us down and sleep, for the Lord made us to dwell in safety. All along our way were signs of cruelty and mur- der, and we even saw the ending of an innocent life at the hands of cruel men. Was it not a marvel that we were not molested from the beginning of our journey to the end? We constantly felt that the ninety-first Psalm was being fulfilled in our case.

At one place we left the direct road and took a less frequented

A WOMAN'S ESCAPE FROM

one in order to visit our friends in a mission station. A steady ram demoralized the already degenerate road, one wagon wheel went to smash and the wretched horses were almost exhausted. Some of us had to walk through mud and water for about five miles to reach our destination; and then at the entrance to the city we were made to wait for four hours, shivering in the December wind, because the quarantine doctor's permission was necessary for us to enter. If our good missionary doctor had not heard of our predicament and secured the necessary permit from the quarantine doctor (without examination) and come after us with a lantern, we would probably have been obliged to spend the night there. We were thankful enough a little later to find ourselves in good, clean, wholesome American homes, where we could stay for a few days and recover from the hard experiences we had been through. One never realizes more the blessings of an American home than at the end of such a journey.

IN A KHAN YARD, WHERE THE MISSIONARY STOPPED Our purpose in going to Beirut was to be able to go aboard an American man-of-war and sail toward our homeland. But during the next six months no steamer entered that port, where in normal times steamers are coming almost every day. Finally, in June, after the close of the school year, a party of adults started on the long overland journey to Denmark. Only adults in good physical condition could take that journey, because of its privations and exposures to fatigue and disease. Most of the way there were railroads, but there were no such luxuries as sleeping cars nor, as far as Constantinople, dining cars.

And, since the Amanus and the Taurus mountains between Aleppo and Konia have not yet been tunneled, we were obliged to leave the train, using other means of transportation over the mountain passes. We considered ourselves fortunate to be able to ride in military automobile trucks, springless and seatless, but more or less speedy. The roads were thick with the dust of the dry season. In lieu of seats, we tried to use our dress-suit cases and shawl bundles, but at every bounce these seats would be dislocated, and we often found ourselves on the hard floor of the truck.

At the end of the second of these rides we were informed that the filthy floor of the railroad station was the only place available for us to stay till time for our train, thirty-six hours later. We appealed to the German commander of the military camp for a tent. He was courteous, but replied that there was none available. Then, pointing to an officer's restaurant, he said: "Go and ask the man who keeps that place." With a prayer for help we approached the shack, noisy with Turkish soldiers. "Weare American missionaries," I explained, "on our way out of the country, and must spend the night here. Can you provide us a fit lodging?" His reply was like water to our thirsty souls. "I, too, am a missionary," he said in German, "and was forced to leave my field in Africa. So we gladly make you very welcome to the best we can offer for the night." He provided us with two rooms in his unfinished house, where the doors and windows were not yet in, and our heels sunk into the wet mud floors. But this was a palace compared to the station, with its publicity and -its filth, and we thanked God for the shelter.

When we reached Constantinople, after a most strenuous journey of one week from Beirut, we were informed that the through train, called the "Balkanzug," was out of the question for us, as we were neither invalids nor children_ So we set about getting the necessary papers and small money of various denominations and bank checks for our journey. By dint of unwearying perseverance we astonished all our friends by succeeding in getting off on a way train, the second morning after our arrival. That train carried us through Bulgaria to a point on the Danube, where we took steamer for an all-day ride up the river to a place in Austria, where we again took the train.

Those who have traveled in Europe know what a nuisance the customs regulations are, and how difficult it is to get back into trunk or suit-case the things that have been pulled out by the officials in their vain search for -something contraband_ We were searched at every frontier, not only our baggage, but our persons. Once we were examined by a doctor to see that there was no rash or eruption on us. And several times the examiners looked over each garment, separately, to persuade themselves that there was nothing concealed in, or on, the garments. The sales of our feet, the roofs of our mouths, and the coils of our hair were objects of special investigation. We were

A WOMAN'S ESCAPE FROM

relieved of every book and every paper, except our passports, and, after much discussion and consultation, our drafts, with which we were to pay for our passage to America. Our Bibles were placed on a shelf, with the remark, "You give these to the Red Cross."

Except for the brusque and severe treatment which we received in these places of examination, we met with uniform courtesy and kind- ness. We saw signs of the war-soldiers and officers everywhere, wounded and maimed men, women in widows' weeds, and many women in kinds of work which are generally considered men's work-and there was a certain strain and stress in the atmosphere which was wearing to the nerves.

SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF ASIATIC TURKEY It was a real joy to go aboard our steamer and feel that that was the last stage in .our journey. For us, who had seen a bed only six of the fifteen nights of our land journey, the complete rest of an ocean voyage was delightful.

There are blessings in a journey like this: the blessing of getting out of such a land as Turkey; the wonderful blessing of coming into a land like America; and especially the blessing of realizing that it was God's hand that led all the way.

A Continental Program for South

BY THE REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK, Executive Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Lat.in America M ISSIONARY statesmanship to-day is thinking in terms of con- tinents. This has never been better illustrated than by the remarkable document recently prepared by the deputation holding regional' conferences, following the Panama Congress, in the four great centers of South America-Lima, Santiago, Buenos Aires, and Rio de Janeiro.

The deputation which sailed from Panama was composed of some twenty well-known Christian leaders, representing practically all the American mission boards doing work in South America. From one to two weeks were spent in each center studying the problems with the Church leaders. Each conference made out a set of findings dealing with local problems, all agreeing on: I. The need of a division of territorial responsibility; 2. A common name for the Evangelical Church; 3. A union of effort in production of literature; 4. United effort in the education of a native ministry; 5. The appointment of permanent committees to continue the work begun by the conferences.

Aside from these pronouncements drawn up by the forces on the field, the deputation from North America, under the chairmanship of the Rev. A. Woodruff Halsey, D.D., met recently at the College of Missions and drew up a remarkable set of findings which mapped out a cooperative missionary program for the whole continent. Dr. John R. Matt says of them: "These findings constitute a remarkable statement. I have had to give not a little attention to similar activities in different parts of the world, and I am constrained to regard what you have done as the finest example of this kind with which I am familiar."

Dr. Jose C. Rodriguez, editor of the J ornal de Comercio of Rio de Janeiro and one of the most influential men in South America, says: "You have here admirably condensed the conclusions arrived at, as to Latin American Christian needs, by the most devoted and intelligent investigators of that vast field. While we are now being visited by great numbers of commercial, financial, and other committees, your Committee on Cooperation are fully alive to the primary necessities of our people; they want not a business intercourse wherefrom they will increase their own wealth, but they strive to have us come to Christ and to keep ourselves all profit from it."

The most profound conviction of the deputation is concerning South America as a needy missionary field. Business men and board secretaries alike, who before had seen only the Oriental fields, came back with the conviction that South America is one of the greatest mission fields on earth.

NEGLECTED AND UNOCCUPIED AREAS The first section of the Findings deals with .the paucity of evangelical work as compared with. the great need. The field is divided according to the extent to which it is occupied by evaJ?gelical missionaries.

1. UNOCCUPIED AREAS include: The Republic of Ecuador, with a population of more than 1,500,000. Though there are five or six independent missionaries in the country, none of the larger and wellorganized boards of missions are represented. The country enjoys religious liberty. The spirit of modern progress and development is being awakened and foreign capital and enterprise are being invested in the country.

The northern half of Peru, with a population of 2,000,000. Bolivia, with a population of nearly 2,500,000, is an unoccupied territory, with the exception of three centers-La Paz, Cochabamba, and Oruro-and two or three industrial farms among the Indians. The great area of the Argentine Provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Rios, lying north of Buenos Aires and between the rivers Parana and Uruguay, with a population of three-quarters of a million. The Republic of Paraguay, with a population of about 800,000, an unoccupied field, save for some work among the Indians and activities recently begun by the Salvation Army. In Brazil mission work has been limited to the southern section and the coast cities, leaying more than three-quarters of the entire area of a country larger than the United States and with a population of 22,000,000 altogether untouched.

II. INADEQUATELY OCCUPIED AREAS include: The southern half of Peru, with a population of 2,000,000, is very inadequately occupied. At Lima, the capital city of 300,000 inhabitants, is located the famous University of San Marcos, antedating the founding of Harvard University by a century. The present evangelical missionary force in Peru comprises a mere handful of workers, only one of whom has been on the field more than six years. This force needs to be greatly enlarged.

The Republic of Chile, with 4,000,000 inhabitants, has been generally, considered, and rightly, the best occupied territory of South America, but our deputation found it to be in need of large reenforcements. Most of the small force now in this field is at work in the central part of the country.

The southern half of Argentina, with the exception of the Prov- . ince of Buenos Aires, is practically unoccupied. The area west of the

Parana River and extending through the central and northern parts of the country is partially occupied. The deputation believes there is no call for new societies to enter Argentina, provided existing societies greatly reenforce their work and adjust their territory so as adequately to occupy this rich and rapidly developing country.

Uruguay was found to be the most Latin of the South American republics. Free from racial and international problems, it is making steady and rapid progress in the solution of educational and social questions common to all the republics. With comparatively small effort a strong and thoroughly representative national church has been established. In this important country there are very few missionaries, all but three of whom are engaged in educational and Y. M. C. A. work.

THE INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA A small but excellent work is being done by two or three European and Australasian societies among the Indians, but no North American society has yet included in its program any work for the uncounted millions of these aborigines who are still living in primitive or in slightly modified paganism. Here is a challenge to every mission board to take its share in pioneer evangelism among non-Christian peoples.

NEEDS OF THE CHURCH IN THE FIELD The deputation was profoundly convinced that the North Ameri- can Christians, through their mission boards, must also form a much larger program for the work already established. The liberalizing movements of education, of politics, of international commerce, and of social reform are presenting to the Evangelical Church most wonderful opportunities. While in some places notable results have been attained, a hesitant policy by the boards, due to a lack of interest on the part of the home churches, the pathetically inadequate facilities for training a native ministry, a failure to impress the social message of the Gospel, the lack of dignified and adequate church buildings, and too little cooperation among the various forces at work, are causing the forces to fail to enter in these great open doors as they should.

A deep feeling is expressed that the time is ripe for all the evangelical forces on the field to undertake, with the cooperation of the boards, a thoroughgoing reconstruction of their work, keeping in view in a large-minded way the great common ends of all missionary endeavor. South America has come to the psychological and providential moment for Christian evangelization. For the Church in this field to keep unchanged the methods and standards and type of administration which have obtained in the past would be disobedience to the heavenly vision vouchsafed at Panama and at the Regional Conferences.

For the more rapid development of the Church the following needs are particularly stressed:

Increased Responsibilities of National Churches.-"The deputation is convinced that it is neither possible nor desirable to delay further the commitment of greatly increased responsibilities to the national churches for their own administration. In all the countries where a substantial work exists there is a considerable body of sentiment favorable to the recognition of greater autonomy for the Church in the field. In Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile this sentiment might fairly be described as clamorous."

"Urgent as is the need of wisely encouraging the development of the churches under the direction of independence and self-support, the deputation holds that it is equally important to guide them into the unity which Christ prayed that His followers might ever possess. Our observations convince us that denominational divisions have been a great handicap to the growth of the Christian Church in South America. The members of the deputation cannot be true to their own consciences and fail to take high ground as to the sinfulness of further developing these Latin churches along lines of Anglo-Saxon Protestant denominationalism. We believe that if there must be divisions among them-which God forbid I-they should be divisions growing out of issues which are vital to the churches themselves, not the unmeaning divisions imposed upon them by our denominational propaganda."

The Training of a N alive Ministry.-It became a strong conviction in the minds of the deputation that a trained, competent national ministry is one of the most urgent needs of the evangelical movement in each of the South American republics. The limitations of a foreign missionary are obvious. Only as evangelical leaders are raised from within the national life can we hope in any adequate way to reach large numbers of individuals with the Gospel, or to release and control those forces whose cooperation will reconstruct the social order. It is evident, therefore, that increased stress should be laid upon a program for the equipment of Christian leaders. The deputation worked out a careful recommendation that three union theological institutions for the training of Christian workers be established at Lima, Peru, Santiago, Chile, and some Brazilian city, and an international union theological seminary be established at Montevideo to offer advanced training of a character equal to that afforded by the best theological seminaries of North America.

THE MISSIONARIES AND THE MESSAGE NEEDED In regard to the missionaries needed for South America, the deputation placed great stress upon the fact that, in addition to having a thorough technical equipment such as that outlined by the Board of Missionary Preparation, they should be men and women of broad culture, accustomed to move in refined society and possessed of the diplomatic temperament.

On account of the cost of living in most countries of South Amer- ica being exceptionally high, the mission boards are requested to con- sider the question of a readjustment of salaries and allowances.

After seeing the mission work at first hand, the deputation found itself in full sympathy with and desired to reaffirm the positions taken by the report of the Panama Congress on Message and Method, which advised the constant maintenance of a positive, constructive, sympa- thetic attitude in all departments of work. Several methods are sug- gested to secure a wider hearing for the Gospel.

Evangelistic and Apologetic Lectureships.-There are multitudes in South America whose intellectual attitude toward evangelical Chris- tianity makes it impossible for them to be reached by the present mis- sionary activities. It is the judgment of the deputation that an effective means of bringing the Gospel message to the attention of this large and influential class, whom it is difficult to bring into the church services, would be the presentation of Christian truth by means of lectures in theatres or other public halls. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America was asked to enlist foreign and local leaders who, under their general supervision and in cooperation with the regional committees in South America, could be set apart periodically or permanently for this public ministry.

Individual Evangelism.-We are persuaded that, perhaps as with no other people, the method of private presentation of the Gospel by individual to individual should be especially emphasized in South America.

Institutional Jf7ork.-There was found to be a lack, in both the Roman Catholic and the Evangelical churches, of agencies and institutions aiming to express the Christian spirit by ministering in practical ways to the community life of the different classes of people. The extension of the Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations' work to other centers is urged, and also the establishment of institutional churches in the larger cities on the order of the People's Central Institute in Rio de Janeiro.

The deputation was also impressed with the strategic importance of the government universities of South America. These institutions, few in number, are educating the future leaders of every department of thought and activity in their respective republics. While providing an excellent intellectual training, these universities have as a rule not concerned themselves with the larger problem of character building, and the nature and spirit of their philosophical and scientific instruction have been such as to discredit religion and to force the students into an unbelieving or antagonistic position. It is suggested that the mission boards now operating in South America divide among them the fifteen or sixteen chief student centers, agreeing to set aside in each center at least one pastor who shall give his whole time to regular evangelistic

A CONTINENTAL PROGRAM FOR SOUTH AMERICA

work for students and who shall be provided with a church edifice and such other equipment as may be adequate for this important task.

Sunday-schools and Education.-We believe that the value of the Sunday-school as a recruiting and educative agency in South ~America should be emphasized, that the recent appointment of a continental Sunday-school secretary is a step forward, that it should be supplemented as soon as possible by the appointment of two other secretaries, one to work on the west coast, the other in Brazil.

Some of the most valuable findings refer to education. The establishment of evangelical primary schools is encouraged where the government provision is inadequate or unsatisfactory, and it is urged that the standard of these schools should in every case equal or surpass the government standard, the teachers being able to give elementary instruction not only to the pupils, but to their families, in sanitation, personal hygiene, and care of children.

An increasing demand for the standardization of secondary schools is recognized, as is also the demand for an improvement in dormitories, which should not be inferior in comfort and sanitation. Laboratories, gymnasiums, and general classroom equipment must stand comparison with those provided by the government. Teachers must measure up to the level of the government teachers.

The necessity for meeting these demands emphasizes as funda-' mental the need that the evangelical denominations cooperate in their educational work, as none of them is strong enough single-handed to meet the situation.

If together they could adequately equip and man one secondary school in each republic, that would lead in the secondary education of the nation, evangelical Christianity would be sensibly advanced.

. In several countries it did not seem wise to attempt the establishment'of normal schools to compete with government institutions, but to seek a Christian influence over the future teachers by means of hostels provided for them near the institutions they attend. It is recommended that this experiment be made in Santiago and in Buenos Aires, by particular or ·cooperating denominations in rented quarters, or by the Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations.

In Peru, however, the establishment of an interdenominational school at Lima is strongly urged, in which shall be offered instruction from the kindergarten through the normal course, in the belief that such an institution would hold a vital place in the development of evangelistic work in Peru.

It is rather surprising to have the deputation say that efforts to establish Christian universities in South America are not practicable at the present time. The expense would be so enormous that it is better to foster less pretentious secondary schools and federate these along the lines of the present movement toward the coordination of the four

higher evangelical schools of Brazil-Lavras, Mackenzie, Granbery, and the Baptist College at Rio de Janeiro.

In view of the imperative demands of the educational situation, and of the need for an adequate literature, the deputation recommended that the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America seek two associate secretaries to work under its direction, one to give his time to evangelical education in South America and the other to literature in all of Latin America.

They also urge that the executive secretary of the committee make a trip to South America at the earliest possible time to confer with regional committees, which each conference appointed to continue its work, and to study minutely the problems on the field.

The Committee on Cooperation has already passed on several of these recommendations and is now seeking the right men for the two secretaryships. It has requested the executive secretary to make a visit to South America, lasting some six months, beginning in the spring of 1917. The mission boards are taking a profound interest in their conti- nental program, and a number of them have already voted to set aside definite workers and funds for carrying out the plans.

NOTE.-At the annual meeting of the Committee on January 8th, Dr. G. B. Winton, the author of "Mexico To-day," and closely identified with the production of evangelical literature in Spanish for many years, was elected as Editorial Secretary. Dr. W. E. Browning, director of the "Instituto Ingles" of Santiago, Chile, one of the best known missionary educators in South America, was elected as Educational Secretary for that continent. The Southern Methodist and Northern Presbyterian Foreign Boards, respectively, will allocate these men to this service.

A STREET IN LIMA, PERU ON A FESTIVAL DAY

W. A. P. Martin, D. D., of

BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., LL.D.

THE death of the Rev. Will- iam Alexander Par son s Mar tin, D.O., LL.D., marks the passing of one of the last of the great pioneer mission- aries of the modern Church. The life and work of that remarkable man deserve larger consideration than it is possible to give within the brief limits of this sketch. I can only epitomize a few of the essen- tial facts and express the hope that someone will in due time write a volume which will be an appropri- ate addition to the great mission- ary biographies of the Church.

Born in Lavonia, Indiana, April 10, 1827, educated at the Univer- sity of Indiana (class of 1846) and at the Theological Seminary in New Albany, Indiana (afterward removed to Chicago and named McCormick Seminary), he died in Peking, China, December 17, 1916, ~ell advanced in his ninetieth year -the senior in age and continuous service of all the foreigners resident in China. It is difficult for Chris- tians of this generation to realize the vastness of the change which has taken place within the period of a single lifetime. When Mr.

Martin and his young wife were appointed missionaries to China by W A P. MARTIN the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, January 29, 1849, conditions were so different from those which now prevail that they seem to belong to a far-off era. The young couple-for Martin was then only twenty-two years of age and had just been married to Miss Jane Vansant, of Philadelphia-sailed November 23, I849. The small ship was over four months in making

her tedious way to port. When the missionaries, somewhat battered by the experience, landed April 10, 1850, they found a China still under the sway of age-old customs and superstitions, and almost wholly uninfluenced by the movements of the modern world. The' Chinese knew little about foreigners, and that little was so unfavorable that they regarded the few white men they saw with suspicion and often with open antagonism and contempt. There were no foreign legations in Peking, the capital, until 1861, and, if we exclude three old treaties between Russia and China in 1689, 1720 and 1727, respectively, the first modern treaty was the Treaty of Nanking with England in 1842, the first one with the United States being two years later. Only five of China's cities had been opened as ports by the Treaty of N anking- Nanking, Shanghai, Amoy, Canton and Foochow. The interior was almost as unknown to the outside world and almost as inaccessible as when, in 1552, the dying Xavier had cried: "0 Rock, Rock, when wilt thou open I"

Missionary work was in its infancy-a small, obscure movement, deemed of no consequence except as a nuisance when an occasional missionary had to be protected from violence on account of his citizenship in a western nation. When Martin was seven years old, there were only three Protestant Christians in the Empire. Ten years later there ° were only six, and when he arrived in 185 there were less than three °) hundred. The report of the Presbyterian Board for that year (185 shows only three stations in all China, with twenty-four missionaries, including wives, a total expenditure of but $ I 8,000 and no Chinese communicants. Missionaries and supporters of to-day, who feel that progress has been slow, may be encouraged by the contrast with the present facts. Dr. Martin's Board reports ten times as many new baptisms last year as there were Protestant Christians of all communions in China when Dr. Martin arrived in 1850, and the Board's appropriations for China were forty times as much as the Board's appropriations in 1850. And this is only a part of the mighty work of God in China to-day, which, as conducted by all Protestant communions, is now represented by 5,338 foreign missionaries, 20,460 Chinese ministers, teachers and evangelists, 6,716 stations and out-stations, 4,748 primary schools, 902 academies, colleges and industrial, medical, nurses' and normal schools, 330 hospitals, 76 special institutions, such as orphanages, leper asylums, homes for untainted children of lepers, boarding schools for the blind and for deaf mutes, rescue homes for fallen women, opium refuges, industrial homes and an asylum for the insane, 3,880 churches with 33°,926 members, a Christian community of 750,000, and property valued at millions of dollars, all this not including the missions of the Roman Catholic Church. Surely we may thank God and take courage. Such statistics are not dry, but are vibrant with the life of Christ.

The young missionary applied himself not only to the Chinese Ian-

W. A. P. MARTIN, D.D., OF CHINA

guage but to the study of Chinese history, literature, art and customs. Dr. Arthur H. Smith, of the American Board Mission, has observed that "his early school preparation was what would not be thought patchwork and casual, yet by using it to its limit he got more out of it than most young men from the far better advantages of to-day." He speedily won such recognition as an expert that, when the diplomatic representatives of western nations began the negotiations with China which culminated in the Treaty of Tientsin in 18S8, Mr_ Martin, although

only thirty-one years of age, was called upon to assist the famous Rev. Dr. S. Wells Williams as interpreter and adviser of the United States Minister, the Honorable William B. Reed. During all the long and difficult discussions which these negotiations involved, Mr. Martin was closely in the confidence of Mr. Reed, and he and Dr. Williams deserve no small share of the credit for that epoch-making treaty, which was successively signed by Russia, the United States, England and France, and which really opened China to the modern world and marked the beginning of the great movement for the regeneration and reconstruction of China.

In 1863 the Presbyterian Board opened a station in Peking, and he was transferred to that city from Ningpo. He did not obtrude his opin- ion in political matters, but it was sought on so many important ques- tions that he became an unofficial and confidential adviser of the Ameri- can Legation. His fame grew among the Chinese as well as in the diplomatic world, and in 1 S68 the Emperor asked him to organize the International Law and Language School in Peking, called the Tung- Wen College. That the Chinese Government, with all its pride and exclusiveness and veneration for years, should have turned to a foreign missionary forty-one years of age to train its own young men for its highest posts is a remarkable testimony to the absolute confidence which the Chinese authorities had formed in his ability and trustworthiness. Missionaries are seldom willing to leave their distinctively missionary work to accept government service; but this opportunity was deemed so exceptional that there was universal concurrence of opinion that he should not refuse it. He therefore resigned as a member of the Presbyterian Mission and entered upon his responsible duties under the Government. This college has been well called "the first little rill from which the refreshing waters of western learning trickled into the minds of the coming statesmen of China." In "The Lore of Cathay" he wrote that he began with a class of boys, ten in number, who were studying English. In after years he wrote: "Our students, who went abroad in connection with embassies, were some of them interpreters, some secretaries, some consuls and vice-consuls, while one or two even rose to the dignity of minister plenipotentiary: notably was this the case with Mr. Ching Chang, late minister to France. The late Marquis Tseng, minister to England, though not a student of the college, took private lessons from me."

When, in I 898, the Government founded the Imperial University of China, Dr. Martin was called to the presidency. But the high hopes that were cherished for this institution were shattered by the Boxer uprising of 1900. This tragedy was a peculiarly trying experience for Dr. Martin. He might have been justified in assuming that the prestige of his services for the Chinese would exempt him from the fury of that unhappy period. But the frenzy of the Boxers against foreigners knew no distinctions, and even Dr. Martin and the all-pow-

W. A. P. MARTIN, D.D., OF CHINA

erful Inspector of Imperial Maritime Customs, Sir Robert Hiut, were forced to take refuge with other foreigners in the British Legation. His laborious and valiant participation in the toils and dangers of the siege were gratefully recognized, and his photograph, with a rifle slung over his shoulder, appears as the frontispiece of his graphic book on the siege.

DR. MARTIN AND SOME OF HIS STUDENTS (From "The Lore of Cathay," published by Fleming H. Revell Co.) After the Boxer outbreak had been quelled he returned to America for much-needed rest. He was then in his seventy-fourth year, and might fairly have considered his active life-work done. But he was still in vigorous health and with his extraordinary mental powers unabated. The Chinese, now in saner mood, again turned to their wise and faith-

ful friend of many years and begged him to return to China. Among several offers he chose that from the great Viceroy Chang Chih-tung to take the presidency of the new government university at Wuchang for a period of three years and to instruct the junior officials of his viceroyalty in international law. After fulfilling this engagement he again returned to America, this tim"e to ask the Presbyterian Board to reappoint him to Peking, where he said: "New openings for usefulness in connection with a union mission college are beckoning me forward. While I can do such work I am too young to quit the field." A characteristically noble utterance, this, by a man then seventy-eight years of age, and its unselfishness appeared in his refusal to accept any salary. The Board gladly made him an honorary member of the North China Mission, and he promptly sailed for Peking, happy as a youth in the thought that he was to close his manhood's life, as he had begun it, as a missionary. The Chinese Government again availed itself of his ripe experience and expert knowledge of international law by seeking his advice in several disputes with European powers. When I saw him in Peking in 1909, the son of Yuan Shih Kai, afterward the famous President of the Chinese Republic, was coming regularly three times a week to Dr. Martin's residence to receive special instruction in political economy and international law.

This many-sided man was keenly interested in scientific discoveries and inventions as well as in the problems of education and government. Nothing escaped his alert mind. When the telegraph was coming into general use in the West, he secured a set of instruments, installed them in his study, learned how to operate them, and then invited some of the highest government officials to see the working of the new wonder. They did so, and listened with unconcealed wonder and awe to his illustrated lecture. When he urged them to adopt the telegraph for China, one of the dignitaries replied that China had gotten along four thousand years without the telegraph and did not need it now. Within a few years, however, the telegraph was established, not only in the capital but in all the principal centers of the Empire, including the one hundred and eighty-one prefectural cities.

Dr. Martin was probably more familiar with China than any other foreigner of his generation, and perhaps than any single Chinese. He said in his book on "The Awakening of China": "To more than half of the provinces I can offer myself as a guide. I spent ten years at Ningpo and one year at Shanghai, both on the southern seacoast. At the northern capital I spent forty years; and I have recently passed three years at Wuchang, on the banks of the Yang-tse Kiang, a special coign of vantage for the study of central China. While residing in the abovementioned foci it was my privilege to visit six other provinces, some of them more than once, thus gaining a personal acquaintance with ten out of the eighteen provinces and being enabled to gather valuable information at first hand."

W. A. P. MARTIN, D.D., OF CHINA

As an author he was prolific. In addition to hundreds of news- paper and magazine articles, he published the following volumes in English: "Hanlin Papers," "The Analytical Reader" (English and Chi- nese), "The Lore of Cathay," "The Siege in Peking, It "A Cycle of Cathay," "Chinese Legends and Other Poems," "The Awakening of China and the Chinese-Their Education, Philosophy and Letters." In addition to these books, Dr. Martin published many in the Chinese lan- guage. I do not have a complete list, but among the titles are the fol- lowing: "Evidences of Christianity," "History of Greece," "History of Rome," "Three Principles-International Law, Geography, Arithme- tic," and "National Philosophy." These books have had a wide circula- tion and great influence. One or more of them are to be found in every well-stocked public library in America and Great Britain. The volumes in Chinese are read all over China, and some of them have been trans- lated into Japanese and Korean. The Christian Literature Committee reported at the China Centennial Conference in Shanghai that Dr. Mar- tin's "Evidences of Christianity" has received the most votes as "the best single book" published in Chinese.

Honors in abundance were showered upon this eminent missionary.

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Lafayette College in 186o, and the degree of Doctor of Laws by N ew York U ni- versity in 1870 and by Princeton University in 1899. He was elected a member de l'Institut de Droit International, and de la Societe de la Legislation Compare. In China, the Imperial Government made him a Mandarin of the Third Class in 1885 and of the Second Class in 1898.

A writer in The Outlook of August 24, 1907, said: "If the question were asked: 'vVho are the most remarkable two foreigners in China to-day?' there would be but one response-it would be 'Sir Robert Hart and Dr. Martin.' In several respects the two careers have been paral- lel. Both have been resident in China for more than half a century; both have mastered Chinese, which has been wittily described as 'not a language but an oculage'; both have practically made themselves neces- sary to the Chinese Government, the former in the administration of the maritime customs, the latter as adviser on questions of international law; both have survived the heart-breaking experiences of the siege in Peking; and both have received exceptional honors at the hands of the Chinese Emperor."

Dr. Martin's family life was very happy. His wife was his devoted companion and helpmeet until her death in 1893. In 1894 he dedicated his little book, entitled "Chinese Legends and Other Poems," as follows: "To the Memory of My Wife, Whose Love Made Life a Poem, and Whose Presence was a Constant Inspiration." Two sons were born to them, both of whom became prominent in America. – He retained his remarkable physical and mental powers far beyond the usual period of active life. On his eightieth birthday he rode a don- key two hours to the Western Hills, proceeded on foot a thousand feet

to the summit, walked down, rode back to the city, received many callers, foreign and Chinese, with congratulatory greetings, after dinner made a social call on some missionary friends a mile from his own house, chatted vivaciously with them, and then returned to his home apparently unwearied.

It would be difficult to over·estimate the value of his services. Dr. Arthur H. Smith, in an article entitled "The Nestor of Protestant Missions in China," wrote in 19 ro: "At some perhaps distant day the Chinese will begin to get an idea of what it means to have a scholar of the West give the whole of a long and fruitful life to China for no other reward than the service of man and the glory of God. When the American traveler, Bayard Taylor, had an interview with Alexander Von Humboldt, then advanced in years, the great German savant remarked sadly: 'You see before you a ruin!' 'No,' said Taylor, 'not a ruin, but a pyramid!' Dr. William A. P. Martin is a 'pyramid,' with the widest base and the highest peak that was ever seen in the ranks of at least American missionaries in China."

Eminent as Dr. Martin was as a scholar, an educator, an author, and an authority on China and on international law, it was as a missionary that he most desired to be known. He went to China as a missionary. He brought the missionary motive into all his numerous and varied activities. In the service of the Chinese Government, as much as a member of a mission, he never permitted his allegiance to Christ to be obscured. By voice and pen and daily life Christ was "all and in all."

One speaks of the passing of such a man with sorrow indeed that he has gone from our sight, but also with solemn pride and rejoicing for a life of extraordinary length, marked by extraordinary powers, filled with extraordinary labors, and crowned with extraordinary achievements. The missionaries of the second and third generations who are now conducting the work in China owe much to the mighty men of the pioneer era. Morrison, Nevius, Kerr, Taylor, John, Mateer, and now Martin-these, and others that might be mentioned, form a group of the first magnitude, men of God who laid foundations broad and deep for later workers to build upon. Maya double portion of their spirit rest upon those who follow them!

ANOTHER TESTIMONY TO MISSIONS.

By a Professor of the University of Michigan, now an advisor of the Chinese Government at Peking.

"When I came out to China, I did not think much of foreign missions or foreign missionaries, but I now take off my hat to the missionaries. I have never contributed much to foreign missions, but when I get home I shall put everything I can spare into the foreign missionary collection. They are a noble lot of men and women and are rendering a very great service to the people of China."

bu the InttJTnafional Fitm

A CHINESE WOMAN VOTER AT THE POLLS IN CALIFORNIA Some Oriental American Citizens BY THE REV. GEO. W. HINMAN, SAN FRANCISCO America is the soil in <which groqu some peculiar plants. The care quith v:liich they arc cultivated determines 'Whether they 'Will be fair flowers or noxious weeds.-EDITOR.

I T is used to be taken for granted that every immigrant would be- come an American citizen by a sort of political law of gravitation within a few years after he had landed in America. For a time the assimilative forces of Western civilization seemed to work automatically and with fair success. But in recent years the machinery has not been running so smoothly, and the work of transforming the immigrant into a true American citizen has claimed the serious attention of the leaders of missionary work and social service.

The Y. M. C. A., in its citizenship classes and the public schools of various cities have also systematically undertaken the preparation of immigrants for citizenship by night classes in English and civics. Most noteworthy, however, is the splendid movement for education of the immigrant under the leadership of a department of the United States

Bureau of Education, with its slogan "America First," and its extensive publicity program through the newspapers and striking posters and through direct co-operation with great factories in establishing immigrant classes. The dignity of American citizenship is impressed on allnative-born and new-comers-by naturalization festivals, like the graduating exercises of a school, when the new citizens receive, with proper recognition of its significance, a certificate of citizenship.

The granting or refusal of the privilege of naturalization to immigrants is coming to be recognized as of little significance unless an adequate opportunity is given for that Americanization of spirit which should precede formal entrance into citizenship. Many who have been refused naturalization on account of coming from Asiatic instead of European countries have shown a stronger sympathy with American ideals than have some against whom there are .no legal barriers. Few persons familiar with the conditions of Oriental immigration and settlement on the Pacific Coast would favor the removal of all restrictions to the coming of Chinese and Japanese and Hindus, but it is difficult to understand why the Oriental, who has been given proper opportunities and helpful contacts with American life, should be "incapable of assimilation," or should be denied the right of naturalization.

The native-born Americans of Chinese parentage, who comprise 20 per cent of all Chinese in the United States, are not so different from their fathers and mothers who can never become Americans as to make clear any logical reason for refusing naturalization to foreignborn Chinese. No county in California has more than 9 per cent of Orientals in its population, and throughout the State the proportion is only 3 per cent. Neither the number of Orientals in the United States nor their concentration in one locality would give the Oriental vote any special influence or significance, and the refusal of citizenship to Chinese and Japanese is an arbitrary, unnecessary and invidious distinction.

Before the courts began to reflect the anti-Chinese feeling in their decisions denying the right of naturalization, and the exclusion law expressly disallowed it, several Chinese were naturalized, among them the great reformer Yung Wing, the first Chinese to graduate from an American university. In 1876 he came to New England in charge of the first Chinese Educational Commission, invited by. General Grant, and was always a leader in the movement to bring Chinese students to America. When he went back to China to advocate American ideals in education and in government his naturalization papers were not recognized by the American consular officers. He took a prominent part in the reform movement of 1398, and when I saw him in 1899 he could get no protection from the United States Government and was hiding from the vengeance of the reactionary Empress Dowager, who had suppressed the efforts of the young emperor, Kwangsu, to inaugurate reforms.

The census reports of 1910 give 1,368 foreign-born Chinese who

ORIENTAL AMERICAN CITIZENS

have been naturalized and 483 more who have received first papers. This is probably very much in excess of the actual number who have legal naturalization papers, as the census enumerators would be unable to check up statements made to them through misunderstanding or misrepresentation.. Only 132 Chinese are reported as naturalized in Hawaii, though the Chinese there have been generally recognized as especially loyal to the United States, :lnd have taken a considerable share in patriotic demonstrations. It is not likely that more than a few hundred Chinese have ever been naturalized. A bulletin of the United States Census states that probably most of these were naturalized prior to 1882, when "their legal ineligibility was made more explicit," and a few more Chinese and also some Japanese "admitted illegally prior to 1906, when the Federal Government undertook a closer supervision of the matter."

The census reports show 420 Japanese as naturalized citizens of the United States and 387 more who have first papers. It is known that about three hundred Japanese in an agricultural colony in Florida were naturalized at one time, and the others have probably been in scattered localities in the Eastern and Central States. Only eleven Japanese have been naturalized in Hawaii.

Recent action of leaders of Japanese opinion in Japan as well as in the United States and official action of the Japanese Government make it probable that a large proportion of the Japanese now in America would welcome the opportunity to become American citizens, and would be quite as loyal to American ideas as immigrants from other countries. Japanese thinkers have realized and have declared in an extensive publicity campaign what seems to have been unrecognized by many Americans, that the actual Americanization of the Japanese in America is the only solution of the problem which they p,resent. One of the foremost Congregational pastors of Japan was called to the United States two years ago; and visited every large Japanese community on the Pacific Coast to preach the gospel of Americanization. This campaign was suggested and financed not by any American religious organization but by the Japanese Association of America, interested only in caring for the general interests of its members.

AI1ERfCiN-RORN ORIENTALS Whatever may be the progress of actual Americanization among Orientals, and it appears to be much more rapid among the foreignborn Japanese than among the Chinese, there is little doubt that the native-born American of Oriental descent is becoming quite as insistent a problem as is the Oriental immigrant. In IgIO there were in the United States II,921 native American males of Chinese descent, 8,463 of them twenty-one years old or over. There were 3,614 native American females of Chinese descent, of whom 1,000 were over twenty-one years of age. There is in San Francisco a Chinese organization of

"Native Sons," with branches in twelve cities, including Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Chicago. It enrolls altogether 8,000 members in the central and branch organizations. Its officers declare that there are many Chinese eligible to membership who have not taken the opportunity to assert their birthright as American citizens. Actual registrations for voting are only a small proportion of the American-born Chinese.

Considering that the practice in reference to the Chinese right of residence and right to vote is exactly opposite to that of our law courts, where a man is to be regarded as innocent until he has been proved guilty, it is discouraging for most Chinese to attempt to claim citizenship -rights. Still, politicians think the Chinese 'vote in San Francisco is worth cultivating. There are probably 'at the present time about 10,500 Chinese male voters, born in the United States, and perhaps 1,300 Chinese women over twenty-one, born in the United States, of whom about a thousand have the right to vote. Women in Massachusetts and New Jersey who were refused the ballot might well feel that there were some prejudices stronger than anti-Chinese feeling when the State of Dennis Kearney allows Chinese women to vote.

CHINESE AMERICANS OF INFLUENCE One of the best known American-born Chinese in San Francisco is Luk Tin Eli, president of the Canton Bank and manager of the ChineseMail Steamship Company. He is a man of wealth and influence among both Chinese and Americans. Sid Back, Jr., is a practicing lawyer, born in America, the son of one of the wealthiest and most respected Chinese in Portland, Oregon. A number of American-born Chinese are engaged in engineering work in the East, and some are in newspaper work, among them Leong Kow, editor of the Chinese Republic Journal and vice-president of the Chinese "Native Sons." A clever Chinese student, who IS thoroughly Americanized, if not Ameri- can-born, draws cartoons for the Seattle Post-!ntelligencer. Another young man, American-born, in some respects the most cultivated and consecrated Chinese I have known in the United States, has grown up in the Congregtional missions in California, and is now in charge of one of the most important of them.

Many American-born Chinese are doing splendid service in the land of their fathers, and are not at a disadvantage there, like other foreigners, except through their lack of thorough education in Chinese. Samuel Young, a graduate of the University of California and Columbia, has been president of the Tong Shan Engineering College, and invited to assist him the two older sons of Rev. J ee Gam, who brought up his large family in the Congregational Chinese Mission House in San Francisco. One of these brothers, Luther M. J ee, was on the staff of the Chinese Legation in London, and Dr. Pond J ee helped fight the

ORIENTAL AMERICAN

pneumonic plague in North China a few years ago. Another Americanborn Chinese is chief engineer of extensive coal mines in Canton province, another has been building railroads in North China, another is president of the Canton Bank in Hong Kong, and another shows his true American spirit as a daredevil aviator, in charge of the aviation school at Canton. Not a few of the American-born Chinese who have gone back to help China, though still retaining their American citizenship, are products of our Christian missions.

AMERICAN-BORN JAPANESE Comparatively few of the Japanese born in America are old enough to vote. There were 2,340 native American males of Japanese descent and 2,162 females in 1910, of whom only 209 of both sexes were over SOME PROMISING AMERICAN CITIZENS Japanese children in training at the Congregational ChurchJ~Lo(Angeles twenty-one. It is probable that there are now 500 American-born males and 250 females of Japanese parentage who are voters by right of birth. The increase among the Japanese by birth is very considerable, causing a continual slight increase in the numbers despite the return of many to Japan and the almost complete stoppage of immigration. The Japanese are pathetically eager for educational and cultural opportllllities for their children, organizing kindergartens wherever practicable for those too small to attend public schools. Mission day schools supplementary to the public schools help greatly in Americanizing these little Japanese Americans.

Though the proportion of the Japanese communities who are American-born is still comparatively small, about twelve to fifteen per cent, there is a gradual alienation between them and their parents which is already deeply concerning the more intelligent Japanese in America. A large number of Japanese young people, educated in American schools, do not readily follow a sermon or lecture in the Japanese language and cannot read the Japanese newspapers, and are consequently losing touch with any influence over the other members of the Japanese community. They cannot be teachers or leaders of public opinion, even though they may have considerable acquaintance with the English language and American ideas, for they have lost one important source of power in gaining another.

The new Americans of Japanese parentage are also providing a new and important factor in the solution of the land question. There have been a number of cases where the law against sales of land to Japanese ("aliens incapable of naturalization") has been evaded by transferring land titles to the minor children of Japanese farmers, who as native-born Americans have every right guaranteed under the constitution to other Americans. Of course, the situation is not at all changed by this technicality, and never can be changed till religion and education have made real the Americanization of the community.

The American of Oriental descent finds a great gulf fixed between himself and other Americans, and the bridging of that gulf is still an unsolved problem. No wonder that the Chinese Americans and the Japanese Americans find it hard to break with the old life, knowing • that there is scanty place for them in the new economic life, the new social life, or the new religious life of other Americans. Is it not clear that only by an assimilation which affects the entire Oriental community will we be able to assimilate completely any part of that community? The program of the Japanese Association of America, in an educational campaign reaching communities rather than classes, should have been adopted long ago for the Americanization of all immigrants, as is now being done in the great "America First" campaign. Our public schools and our religious organizations must both recognize the new social viewpoint, particularly in dealing with the immigrant communities, seeking to educate, Christianize and Americanize the community and not simply the individual, till "there shall be no more strangers and foreigners" in the Kingdom that is to come.

Prayer is not primarily asking God to do special things for us; prayer is never expecting God to alter His plans to suit our whim; prayer at its deepest must always be the soul's endeavor to open the way for God to do His divine will. 'Ve do not try by prayer to "move the arm that moves the world," but rather so to enter into spiritual fellowship with God's purpose, that the arm that moves the world can move us. Prayer is one form of co-operation with God, by which we give Him the opportunity of doing in us what he has wanted to do, perhaps, for years.-Harry Emerson Fosdick.

@~"""""""B""E"""S~bT~'""M""""B""T"''H''O'''D'''S''''''@n

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

HUMOROUS STORIES FROM MISSIONARY LITERATURE T HERE was a time, years ago, when periences, written for his children and levity was considered unbecoming illustrated by his own pencil. That in a missionary and the' fitness of a can- must have been a remarkable susceptibil- didate who engaged in much laughter ity to the ludicrous which made soaked was seriously called into question. clothes by day and wet sheets by night Even as late as 1850, when it became powerless to 'damp' his spirits; which known that pretty, vivacious, witty made him laugh outright, notwithstand- Murilla Baker was going to Burma as ing his illness, when, as he lay half the bride of Missionary Ingalls, her shielded by his umbrella, a hippopotamus Baptist sisters shook their heads and almost stumbled over his cot and, 'bel- sighed their disproval. Such a frivolous lowing out its surprise,' started on the young woman ought not to be allowed double quick for the lake; nay, which, to go to the mission field. Yet Mrs. when he thought he was about to be Ingalls proved a missionary of rare murdered, made him laugh aloud at the power and achievement, and her mem- very agony of his situation-his clothes ory is still fragrant in Burma. She it torn to pieces and wet through, and his was who sent to America for a large body half naked, and every limb strained, iron dog to guard her premises, and while he was deliberately dragged, when the natives ridiculed the idea of pushed and jostled along at five miles the image of a dog being able to pro- an hour."

tect her, turned the tables on them and What Doctor Pierson says of Han- said that if her dog was no good neither nington has been true of other mission- were their idols! They were quick to aries also. The recent life-story of see the point, and the dog may still be Mary Slessor shows how constantly this seen at Insein, where he continues to heroic woman was saved from depres- preach his silent sermon. sion by her sense of humor, and how In these days we have come to appre- often she was able to turn tragedy into ciate the value of the missionary who comedy by her ability to make the na- can laugh as well as pray, and to realize tives laugh. "She is very serious," she that the power of seeing the humorous wrote of a newcomer in the mission, side of a serious situation is a very great "and will take life and work more in the asset. sense of tasks than of a glad free life.

"Hannington's humor was his actual . . . We want one to laugh, to hitch salvation in more than one experience," on to the yoke and joke over all we says Doctor Arthur T. Pierson. "In don't like."

the midst of the most intense suffering Many of the great mIssIOnary writ- it never forsook him. In an encounter ers have been blest with a sense of the with a lion he forgot the danger as he ludicrous and have written in humor- saw his excited companions rally to his ous vein. Missionary literature, there- defense, one armed with a revolver, the fore, contains many amusing stories that other with an umbrella! There was a have the power to entertain and, in heroic element in his humor, and it many instances, to teach a lesson as well.

enabled him to say of all the multiplied The following stories, which by no tortures of his journey that they were means exhaust the supply, will be found 'trifling drawbacks.' Nothing could be useful for after-dinner speeches at mis- more delightfully serio-comic than his sionary banquets and luncheons, and oc- own description of his 'hammock' ex- casionally for missionary meetings.

SUNSHINE AND SHADOW his nerves by going into an old aban- doned church which had its windows William Goodell, the saintly and be- broken out and its floor broken up.

loved missionary of the American Board There was a graveyard close by, and the to Turkey, had a sense of humor that superstitious regarded the place as was keen and refreshing. It bubbled haunted. In "My Life and Times"

up on all occasions, sparkling even in Doctor Hamlin tells the story of what the darkest hours of tribulation and per- happened as follows: secution. On the other hand, his chum It was a ghostly night with flying and much-loved colleague, Daniel Tem- clouds and a heavy wind, but the freak ple, of Smyrna, was grave and serious took me of going out there and climb- in temperament, always looking on the ing up into that old pulpit in absolute dark side. In "Fifty-three Years in darkness, and offering a challenge to Syria" Doctor H. H. Jessup gives these all the ghosts of the buried dead and stories illustrating their difference in the hobgoblins of the air to meet me temperament. and do me wrong and I would send One day at Andover, when they were them howling into the abyss. I accom- sitting together in their room, Temple plished this with great care, lest in the said to Goodell with a heavy sigh, "Ah, absolute darkness I should tumble into me! I don't see how I shall ever get a hole and the joke would be on me. I through the world!" began my address, competing with the "Why," replied Goodell, "did you roaring of the wind, when unmistakably ever hear of anybody who stuck fast by I heard a groan or a grunt. .

the way?" "Halloo, there! who are you? what Just before they started abroad as do you want?"

missionaries they were visiting together Then two or three heavy raps on the at the home of a hospitable lady in Sa- side of the house and a peculiar scraping lem, Massachusetts. sound and another grunt or groan!

"Take the rocking-chair, Mr. Tem- I was in for the contest I had chal- ple," she said, after welcoming them. lenged and I would see it through. I "No, madam," said Mr. Temple; "if got out of the old house as quickly as you please, I will take another. Mis- I safely could, and stepping upon some sionaries must learn to do without the sticks lying around, I picked up, by feel- luxuries of life." ing, a good club and went around to "Well," said the lady, turning to Mr. call the intruder to account.

Goodell, "you will take it." The first thing I stumbled upon was "Oh, certainly," he replied; "mission- a good old cow! I found that a whole aries must learn to sit anywhere!" herd of them had sheltered themselves Goodell's wit and mirthfulness made from the wind under the lee of the old perpetual sunshine, but sometimes church, and licking themselves, as cat- Father Temple felt called upon to re- tle will, had knocked their horns prove him. . against the church! I went away satis- "Brother Goodell," he once said to fied that ghosts could not frighten me, him, "do you expect to enter heaven and that I had no fear of a graveyard in laughing?" the night or darkness. Why should "I don't expect to go there crying," anyone have?

was the quick retort.

CYRUS HAMLIN'S GHOST RATS TO THE RESCUE STORY At one time the Judsons found them- After eleven o'clock one stormy night, selves in sore straits for food in while on his way home from a college Burma, and Mrs. Judson (Emily supper during his sophomore year at Chubbock) became so reduced in Bowdoin, Cyrus Hamlin decided to test strength that sometimes in walking across a room she fell to the floor from

METHODS

sheer physical weakness. But one day said, "We have nothing in the world they had a grand dinner. Mrs. Judson for the great man; not bread enough tells about it in a letter to a friend: and no roast; we shall all die."

"You must contrive and get some- My wife told him she would take no thing that mamma can eat," the doctor bread and that canned meat would said one day to our Burmese purveyor; suffice for "potluck"; and as the com- "she will starve to death." missioner was a considerate gentleman there really was no occasion for any "What shall I get?" one to expire. "Anything. " "Anything ?" "We shall all die and go to perdi- "Yes; anything." tion," he insisted, meaning that the Well, we did have a capital dinner, honor of our house would fall. though we tried in vain to find out by the bones what it was. Henry said it Dinner was served, the boy came was touk-tahs, a species of lizard, and I sweeping in with the soup as though should have thought so, too, if the lit- there were an abundant supply. Later tle animal had been of a fleshy consis- we were awaiting the modest remnants tence. Cook said he didn't know, but of bread and canned meat, when the he grinned a horrible grin, which made door swung on its hinges, and the boy, my stomach heave a little, notwithstand- with an expression of oily radiance ing the deliciousness of the meat. In peculiar to the East, burst into the room the evening we called Mr. Bazaar-man. with a roast of beef fit for Confucius! "What did we have for dinner to- There was bread enough and to spare. day?" My wife sat asphyxiated. What could "Were they good?" she do but accept a choice piece for her- "Excellent." self and express the hope that the com- A tremendous explosion of laughter, missioner would be helped a second in which the cook from his dish-room time! joined as loud as he dared. "What were they?" .It was an eminent success as a dinner, "Rats!" but the question of where the roast was A common servant would not have procured in a city destitute of Chrisplayed such a trick, but it was one of tian beef, and hread where there are no the doctor's assistants who goes to the hakers, 'was bearing hard upon her; yet bazaar for us. You know the Chinese it was not curiosity, but fear that filled consider rats a great delicacy, and he her soul. When we withdrew for cofbought them at one of their shops. fee, she asked in breathless suspense: A BORROWED DINNER "Kamyongt, where did you get the roast and bread?" In the Orient the head servant is called the "boy." Like the "maid" in "Just sent over to the commissioner's American households, he may be young and said, 'The great man will dine here; or old, married or single. In "Korean bring along anything you have cooked!' " Sketches," James S. Gale devotes a chapter to "The Boy," and tells a num- With a look of mortification that was ber of stories in which he plays a lead- pitiful, my wife confessed then and ing part. One of them is as follows: there to the commissioner. He was an old hand in the East, and the light of The boy is full of resources; a situa- past days twinkled in his eye as he ention that will baRIe him is hard to im- joyed to the full the joke of that most agine. The commissioner of customs excellent dinner. made us an afternoon call, and we prevailed on him to remain for dinner. THE DRAGON'S PROPOSALS· When my wife informed the boy that we would have him for our guest, he BY JAMES S. GALE The Dragon, WiIIis' "boy," was old, he was over twenty, and not yet mar- ried. He had been betrothed, yes, years .. Condensed from "The Vanguard."

ago, when he was a baby, but his parents This was like a stroke of paralysis and the Dragon was stunned. A new were dead and the agreement had been kind of girl he had met! He really did not like her in this reply; yes, he did, lost; he must look out now for himself too, it showed character.

or go unmarried. "If I had only left that Confucian nonsense out and gone at it with Scrip- He wanted a wife, one who was ca- ture, I would have done better, but I thought she'd like poetry." pable and a good Christian, and, withal, The Dragon was distressed. Yes, he pretty. However wide he wandered in was the goose, and she had answered that geese had no sense; what did she his search for one, he always came back mean by it? He would give anything in the world to know her thoughts. to Chungee, the best scholar in Miss He must take time now and go· steadily. He would write again, and this was Stillman's school, whose name meant the letter: Bright and. Clever. He had seen "To MISS CHUNGEE.

Chungee across the meeting-house, and "Please condescend, be kind enough to con- sider! she had looked at him, but had turned "If Pilate had minded his wife, he had away. He had heard her voice but had not sinned. I'm like Pilate, and need help.

never spoken to her. "THE DRAGON."

Now that he was a Christian, the The answer came quick by the bearer.

Dragon launched out on no projects "To THE DRAGON.

without praying first and asking the "Adam would have been better without a wife, and so. would Ananias. moksa (missionary) as well. "CHUNGEE." "Moksa," he began one day, "I'm, "Pshaw! This is no answer at all, eh-eh, thinking of marrying." not a bit of sense in it. I'll give her up and try some one else." "Indeed, with whom will you Something of the old unconverted marry?" asked Willis. Dragon almost showed itself as he clashed around among the tinware, but "With Chungee, Mrs. Kim's sister." he thought better of it. Never had he ventured on such a contest. Did she "Have you asked her, does she refuse? Not exactly, but pretty nearly. N ever in the historv of Korea had it know?" been so. He would' Jay the matter be- fore the M oksa. He showed him the "Oh, no," said the Dragon, "not yet; letters he had written and the answers. Willis laughed and said: but that part is easy enough." . "But, Dragon, why did you hint at "Hadn't you better ask her before it in that kind of vague way? Why not write it plainly?" you decide to marry her? She is a good "But this is the only way I know, girl, you have all my heart in the mat- and she can understand this."

ter." "Let me write you a letter that you can copy," and Willis took up the brush The Dragon went to his room and pen while the Dragon looked on. This is what he wrote: wrote a letter. "DEAREST CHUNGEE. "To MISS CHUNGEE. "I love you better than anyone else in the "Please consider. whole world; will you consent to be my "When the wild goose /lies too long alone, wife? he calls plaintively. It means that his heart is lonely and desires a companion. "THE DRAGON."

"MA, THE DRAGON."

The letter was rolled into the smallest sort of size, and entrusted to the brother of one of Chungee's girl friends who was calling at the school. The night passed and no answer came, and the next day dragged out like a thousand years. The Dragon had never dreamed of this and felt shaky. But with nightfall came the letter. He tore it open and to his amazement read the following: "To MA, THE DRAGON.

"I know nothing whatever about the wild goose. Geese seem to me to have very little sense, anyway.

"CHUNGEE."

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The Dragon's eyes opened wide with "In a few seconds Yakin appeared. wonder. "Speak it right out like that?" Nelwang's bearing and appearance were rather inconsistent with the feeling of "Just as you please, Dragon, but I worship-but what on earth was I -to would have more confidence in that kind do when the figure and costume of of a letter." Yakin began to reveal itself?

So he copied, sealed and sent it off. "The first visible difference betwixt I t was Friday and no answer came that a Heathen and a Christian is that the day, nor on Saturday. On Sunday, Christian wears some clothing, the deeply crest-fallen, he went to the meet- Heathen wears none. Yakin was deing-house. The letter had failed and termined to show the extent of her he sat in the corner humble. Christianity by the amount of her cloth- ing. Being a chief's widow before she In came Miss StiIIman's school, and became Nelwang's bride, she had also all sat down behind the screen. But he could see a little and there sat ehungee, some idea of state occasions, and had composed and quiet. She watched the donned every article of European appreacher and her head absolutely re- parel, mostly male, that she could beg fused to turn. They were about or borrow! through and would all put on their cloaks shortly and depart. He looked "Her bridal gown was a man's drab again and-sunshine was nothing to it. colored great-coat, put on above her Chungee's face met his. She sort of native grass skirts, and sweeping down dropped her eyes for a moment, and to her heels, buttoned tight. Over this then looked up again and the expression she had hung on a vest, and above that -no words could half express it. again, most amazing of all, she had superinduced a pair of men's trousers, On that Sunday afternoon there came drawing the body over her head and a note, a very short note; it simply said: leaving the legs dangling gracefully over her shoulders and down her back. "Chungee loves the Dragon, too, and gives Fastened to one shoulder there was also her consent." a· red shirt, and to the other a striped shirt, waving about her like wings as It was the Dragon's passport into she sailed along. Around her head a the world's elysium. They would red shirt had been twisted like a turban shortly be married. The M oksa was and her ideas of art demanded that a right and the Dragon hastened to tell sleeve thereof should hang aloft over him so. each ear! She seemed to be a moving monster, loaded with a mass of rags. HER BRIDAL ATTIRE The day was excessively hot and the perspiration poured over her face III In his "Autobiography," John G. Pa- streams. ton tells the story of Nelwang, a stalwart young native who, at his sugges- "Nelwang looked at me and then at tion, eloped with Yakin, a young widow her, smiling quietly as if to say, 'You with thirty suitors, each of whom was never, in all your white world, saw a prepared to shoot down the lucky man bride so grandly dressed!' who won the prize. The pair were married and remained in hiding three "I little thought what I was bringing weeks. Then, at Doctor Paton's re- on myself when I urged them to come quest, they made their public appearance to church. The sight of that poor creaat church as man and wife. Doctor ture sweltering before me constrained Paton teIls of this as follows: me for once to make the service very short-perhaps the shortest I ever con- "As the beIl ceased, Nelwang marched ducted in all mv life! in, dressed in shirt and kilt, and grasping very determinedly his tomahawk! "The day ended in peace. The two He sat down as near me as he could souls were extremely happy; and I get and then turned and looked eagerly praised God that what might have been at the door through which the women a scene of bloodshed had closed thus, entered the church.

even though it were in a kind of wild some of her colleagues jollied her on grotesquerie !" the number of trunks she had with her.

A PATENT STOP-COCK "You are surely richer in household gear than usual," they remarked. On one of his medical missionary tours in Labrador, Doctor Wilfred "Household gear!" she retorted. Grenfell was obliged to pass the night "They are filled with cement. I had in a small, over-crowded house where nothing else to bring it in " there was no place for him to sleep except the top of a chicken-coop. He Once a lady in Scotland asked her was so used to hardships that he did not if she had had any lessons in making mind it at all until a rooster in the coop cement. began to make a great disturbance. The missionary needed sleep and the noisy "No," she replied. "I just stir it lik~ bird seemed determined not to let him porridge; turn it out, smooth it with a have it. stick, and all the time keep praying, 'Lord, here's the cement; if to Thy What should he do? He could glory, set it'; and it has never once gone wring the rooster's neck but that was wrong." not to be thought of. At last he reached down between the slats, grabbed the dis- A Novel AlarTn Clock turber by the neck and held it tight enough to keep it still, but not to strangle To Mary Slessor's mind there was a it. This worked like a charm and way out of every difficulty and she lost Grenfell soon dozed off. But as his no ti:91e in finding it. sleep grew sound, his hold relaxed a little. Once when a lady missionary from Calabar stopped at her new headquar- "Cock-a-doodle-do I" crowed the roost- ters at Use to see her, she found her er, glad to be free. "Cock-a-do–" living in a one-room native hut and sleeping on a mattress laid on a sheet Alas! for the rooster. The first note of corrugated iron. aroused the sleeper and his grasp tightened so that the poor bird could not The visitor had to leave early and make a sound. In a moment Grenfell there were no clocks in the hut. So was asleep again and once more relaxed "Ma" promptly adopted the novel dehis hold. vice of tying a rooster to her bed! The plan succeeded; at the first cock-crow "Squawk! Sq-" began the rooster, the sleepers were aroused from their only to find itself again cut off. slumbers in ample time for the journey.

This performance was repeated the Saving Her Face long night through. In the morning the rooster was alive but it had a stiff Buried in the wilds of Africa and busy neck and Grenfell had slept-a little! with multitudinous tasks, Mary Sles- sor's calendar occasionally got tangled "MA" SLESSOR STORIES· and a few times she misplaced Sunday.

Though a woman, Mary Slessor was "I lost it a fortnight ago," she wrote, a "Jack of all trades." She became "and kept it on a Saturday. Never quite expert in making cement and mind. God would hear the prayers and when her house at Itu was completed, answer them all the same." laid the floor herself. Cement underfoot was preferred for many reasons, On another occasion she was discovone being that it was proof against ants ered on a Sunday on the roof of the which were a terrible pest. house making repairs, thinking it was Monday. On one of her trips up from Calabar Mr. Ovens, the mission carpenter at * Condensed and adapted frem "Mary Duke Town, relates that once when he went up to her station on a Monday Slessor, of Calabar," by W. P. Livingstone. to do some work, he found her holding Published by George Doran, New York. a service. She was glad to see him; "but what," she said, "is Duke Town coming to when its carpenter travels on the Sabbath Day?"

METHODS

"Sabbath Day!" he echoed. "It's few who still came unclothed would, in Monday." future, have to put on something, were it only a fathom of calico, which they "Monday! I thought it was a Sab- all had or could easily secure; that, a bath. Well, we'll have to keep it as a month's warning being given, thereafter Sabbath now." no naked or painted person would be allowed to enter the church. "Na, na," he replied, "it's no Sab- bath wi' me. I canna afford twa Sab· When the month was up and we were baths in a week." assembling in the church, there slipped in a heathen, clothed in nothing but the "Ah, we must though," she said, most startling war-paint! adding in a whisper, "] was white- washing the rooms yesterday /" I spotted our friend and vowed he should not escape the Missi's notice Realizing that he must "save her either. So, when John had finished read- face," he took part in the services and ing the hymn and looked across for me started his work the next morning. to begin playing, he found me calmly leaning back with folded arms. His SHE ASKED TO GO! amazed face said, "What's the row?" I gave a slight inclination of the head In "Black Sheep," Miss Jean Ken- toward the painted individual and John yon Mackenzie tells of an absurd blun- at once took action by requesting him der she made in the early days in Africa to leave the church. owing to her imperfect knowledge of the language. She wrote it home as The gentleman, however, had no follows: more intention of leaving the church than I had of beginning the hymn. It SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER I I. was a question of which would win, and soon began to be exciting. Had I been "Yesterday I tOQk to myself and went given to betting, I would have backed for a long walk. I meant to say to "our side" to any amount. Bitum, 'I will walk presently.' I said something in Bulu, very proudly. Af- John repeated his request firmly, but terwards Mrs. Lehman explained to me, kindly, setting forth the reasonableness between her laughs, that I had asked to of the rule. This was enforced by walk in hell. Small wonder that Bitum whisperings all around, but our young looked at me oddly, shaking his head. I hero sat complacently grinning, with his suppose he thought it was time to call chin resting on his knee. The Missi a halt." then began gently to collect his books saying that he meant his rules to be A TUSSLE IN CHURCH* obeyed, and would therefore leave the church and worship with his family at BY MRS. JOHN G. PATON home.

One of the things I fought for on That, however, would not be toler- Aniwa was that no one should enter ated, as the young man gathered from the church without what appeared to me the ferocious looks directed against him. a decent covering. John was thankful to On the chief of his district being seen get them there in almost any condition, to move with serious intention of ejectbut I maintained that we had a right ment, the big fellow swung out of the to church privileges as well as the building like lightning, carrying his natives, and that I could not worship dirty nakedness with him. the Lord in his sanctuary with practically naked people stuck right in front That same afternoon at a preaching of us, nor was it good for our children. service at this man's village, the poor savage, who had got one side of his face So the Missi was at last induced to washed, turned that to the Missionary. fire off one of my bullets amongst his But John told him to make himself "beloved flock." He solemnly an- comfortable, as there were no rules to nounced in the church assembly that the exclude him from the open-air service.

* Condensed from "Letters and Sketches from the New Hebrides," by Maggie Whitecross Paton.

AN INCONSIDERATE HEN was attracting, for the people retained their gravity until he rolled over like a In "Forty Years Among the Zulus," ball on the floor! Then the risibles of the Rev. Josiah Tyler, a missionary of the missionary as well as the natives bethe American Board in South Africa, came uncontrollable. tells the following story of a hen which greatly disturbed the peace of a native WHICH ARE YOU? in church. In Chengtu, West China, not far One Sunday morning a man walked from the Tibetan border, there is a into church carrying a beaver hat of fine educational institution known as which he was very proud; the gift of Union University, which is the outsome European and his only article of growth of an educational union formed civilized dress. He seated himself, the by the Baptists, Methodists and Quakers, hat by his side, and listened attentively all of whom are working in this field. to the introductory exercises. Then a By agreement the denominational prachen took occasion to walk in, fly up, and tices of the co-operating bodies are relay an egg on one of the boards over- tained but denominational names are head. The egg rolled over to one side omitted-all are simply called Chrisand then fell directly into the beloved tians. hat! But the natives were quick to note The Zulus have a great repugnance the differences and felt the need of some to eggs. They will not touch one if way of distinguishing the different they can possibly help it. The man's groups. So they invented names of disgust was indescribable as he arose, their own. They call the Baptists who took up his hat, and holding it at arm's immerse "Big Wash;" the Methodists, length, walked out of the chapel. It who sprinkle, " Little Wash;" and the completely upset the gravity of the audi- Quakers, who do not observe the rito, ence and he did not return to service "No Wash!" that day. STORIES FROM HAWAII Pride Before a Fall In the early days of missions in the Another amusing episode related by Hawaiian Islands, many amusing things Mr. Tyler occurred at Umtwalume, a happened owing to the fact that the conneighboring station. verts grew in Christianity faster than in civilization. Some of these are as One Saturday evening a young man follows: who had decided to abandon heathenism, called on Mr. Wilder, the missionary at A Tardy Bride Umtwalume and asked for a shirt. One afternoon there was a wedding "I want a long one that will cover in the church at Kohala. Half a dozen my knees," he said. couples came to be married at the same time and they presented themselves in The sewing machine was brought a long line before the missionary. When into use and in a short time the man their names were called and their hands had the satisfaction of putting on his joined, one of the brides was found first article of civilized clothing. On missing. Sabbath morning he did not take his seat with the unclothed heathen in the "Where is she?" the missionary asked. back of the chapel, but sat down di- "At the door, putting on her dress!" rectly in front of the pulpit. the bridegroom replied, without the slightest embarrassment. The bench he occupied had no back She had probably carried her costume and to make the most of his new gar- for miles under her arm. In a few minment he raised his feet and pulled his utes she appeared and the ceremony proshirt over his knees. He remained in ceeded. this attitude and presently, a fit of drowsiness coming over him, began to sway to and fro. He was entirely unconscious of the general attention he

Woman's Federation

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS OFFICERS OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS President, Mrs. James H. Moore (Congregational), Chicago, Ill. Vice-President, Miss Margaret Hodge (Presbyterian), Philadelphia, Pa. Secretary, Mrs. E. M. Bowman (Disciples), Lake Forest, Ill. Treasurer (pro tern.), Miss O. H. Lawrence (Dutch Reformed), 25 East 22nd St., New York City.

CHAIRMAN OF STANDING COMMITTEES Methods of Work-MRs. E. C. CRONK (Lutheran), Columbia, S. C. Summer Schools-MRs. MARY CLOKEY PORTER (United Presbyterian), Pittsburgh, Pa. Student Work-MRs. H. R. STEELE (Southern Methodist), Nashville, Tenn. Publications and Literature-MRs. H. W. PEABODY (Baptist), Beverly, Mass. Christian Literature for Women and Children of Mission Lands-MIss ALICE M. KYLE (Congrega- tional), Boston, Mass. Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-MRs. WM. FRASER McDoWELL (Methodist Episcopal), Washington, D. C.

AT GARDEN CITY-JANUARY TWELFTH work. Again and again did interces- BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER sion arise, or the Doxology become vo- cal, while in the eyes of the women A WOMAN who doubted the charm gleamed faith and hope, and, as one dear of friendship in the foreign mis- worker said, "Our hearts surely burned sion service was sent to Garden City within us." as a delegate to the annual meeting of the Federation. She tested the tran- Praying never hinders a work of God sition from the usual January outdoor -not even a business session. Changes theme of cold breeze and wintry sun to in the constitution and by-laws, as well the spiritual warmth of Christian har- as suggestions from the Executive Commony which pervaded that much-con- mittee, were considered and voted with ferenced hotel. She studied the ninety- commendable speed; reports of treasurer four women, winsome, consecrated, and of standing committees were precompetent, gathered there from Canada sented and discussed. Certain recomand from nineteen States, including mendations that were carried will be such distant ones as California, Ver- noted in the April REVIEW.

mont and Georgia, women chosen to FRIDAY AFTERNOON represent twenty-seven Boards of for- Changes in the officers are inevitable eign missions. Seeing was believing. and advisable-inevitable, because the She returned home to say, "Who would leaders are all burdened women; adhave expected so wonderful a house visable, that the Federation may gain party! What a pity we cannot meet the viewpoints of different localities and oftener !" churches. The election resulted as in- FRIDAY MORNING dicated at the head of this department.

Mrs. Montgomery, the President, The chief interest of this session cen- greeted the delegates, many of whom tered in the presentation of our Union had attended the preceding conference, Institutions on the Foreign Field. The and the session was opened by a tender, Federation realizes its wonderful op- earnest service of prayer and praise, led portunity to shape along Christian lines by Mrs. William Frazer McDowell. the higher education of young women By her was struck the keynote of con- in India, China and (we hope soon) fidence in a God who lives in us and Japan.

works through us, and it was never lost Miss Frederica Mead spoke for Gin- in the varied harmonies of the day's ling College, Nankin, China, and we

were all urged to pray for a much- given to each member of the class, and needed science teacher. l/[iss Kate G. the balance will pay necessary expenses Lamson spoke of the development of when the classes number from 100 to Madras College, of which Miss Eleanor 500. Discussion at the close of each McDougall (London University) is lecture adds greatly to the interest. The the Principal. An eloquent appeal for Peace Pageant may be given at the the Medical College of Vellore, India, close of the course on a small or large was made by Dr. Belle Allen, who has scale. been a medical missionary under the Methodist Board, and is now making Mrs. Twitchell, 832 Carteret Avespecial preparation before going to India to assist Dr. Ida Scudder in this nue, Trenton, N. J., will furnish, at promising and needy work. moderate prices, programs and costumes On Friday evening, after necessary for the pageant, and may be secured business, Dr. Sidney L. Gulick gave an to direct its presentation. illuminating address in regard to the contribution missionary women may EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF CHAIRMAN make to promote international friend- OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF ship. THE FEDERATION CENTRAL CO:fMITTEE NOTES BY MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY VORLD MISSIONS AND WORLD PEACE, I T is evident, from correspondence and by the popular author, Caroline At- conference which members of the water Mason, author of "The Little Executive Committee have had, that the Green God," "The Lily of France," function of the Federation is not yet and valuable books of travel. Price, clearly understood by all. The possi- 30 cents, paper; 50 cents, cloth. bility of future usefulness of the Fed- Postage, 7 cents. eration may be seriously impaired, if at this time it is attempted to make the This powerful "Tract for the constitution a too rigid or minutely Times" has had a remarkable sale, not- supervisory instrument. It has seemed withstanding the general desire to to the Executive Committee that the study Latin America. The first edition experience of the Garden City Conferof 75,000 is exhausted, and the second ence of the General Boards is most edition is out. It is hoped that many valuable to us in this respect. That Lenten classes will be formed for a Conference has found that the confercareful study of this profoundly inter- ence with purely advisory functions esting and important book. and no legislative power has steadily grown in weight and influence with thOe I t treats of the rise and growth of Boards. The temptation which is permilitarism, its power over the Church, haps particularly strong with women to its effect on missions, the contrast be- define and map out an exact program tween the constructive work of foreign for the Federation is, we believe, to be missions and the destructive results of avoided. A brief, flexible instrument, war and of the glorious heroism and leaving much for the future to detercourage displayed in the peaceful con- mine or develop, would seem to be the quest of the world. ideal constitution for our type of Fed- eration. A copy of the book will be sent free to any pastor who will organize a study Another question which needs discusclass or a lecture course before May 1st. sion is that of emphasis. Is the princi- Several such courses are now in prog- pal function of the Federation to be disress. The various churches in a town cussion of Board problems and methods, furnish the lecturers; pastors, profes- promotion of fellowship between Board sors or some one person finely quali- members and sharing the stimulus of fied may give the course. At the price of helpful presentation through thoughtful 50 cents for the course a book may be addresses and papers? Or is there a further work of stimulation and inspi-

ration among the constituency which years ago. The same results, on a more can be done jointly with a power which limited and less spectacular scale, would no separate endeavor can hope to have? follow the annual pilgrimages of the Federation, with its emphasis on our But are not the activities enumerated common faith and duty to those who under the second head those that ought know not Christ. to claim the chief place of emphasis? There are many arguments that might ENLISTING STUDENTS FOR MISSIONS be urged. 1st, The women of the Protestant churches are still, except for BY MRS. H. R. STEELE an aroused minority, unconvinced of either the duty or need of foreign mIs- N0 part of the great missionary work sions. In some denominations not one- for which we are responsible is tenth are yet enlisted, in a few, if any, more important than the work of the are one-third convinced and loyal sup- Young People's Missionary Societies, no porters of their Woman's Board of For- opportunity greater than the opportunity eign Missions. Here is a great body of enlisting the students in our schools that ought to be reached. 2nd, Little is and colleges in the great enterprise being done to advocate and advertise, in which has so truly been called the great- a worthy and compelling way, the cause est business enterprise of the day. to whose advance our Boards stand com- mitted. 3rd, A National Federation of Many times we have heard it said that all the Boards, by its very nature, has the young people of to-day are the the power to do a work of inspiration world's to-morrow, that the young peo- and information which no less compre- ple of to-day are the Church's to-mor- hensive body can hope to have. row. We know that the future pastors and teachers, Sunday-school superin- In view of these facts does it not tendents and missionary leaders are to- seem that the work to which this Fed- day in training, and the responsibility is eration is preeminently summoned is great to touch the young life of the along these lines? There are many lo- churches with a spirit of service. cal missionary federations. There ought to be more. Who is to stimulate The young men and young women of them? There is at least one State Mis- to-day occupy a unique position of sersionary Federation, that of New Jersey. vice. What the world will become when Might there not be one in every State? the present terri"ble war is over largely Vho is to promote them? The Coun- depends upon the students now in our cil of Women for Home Missions has colleges and universities. Their standalready begun to do fine work in the ards of life, their faith in Jesus Christ, line of popular stimulus and inspiration. their surrender to God will hasten or Does not our particular work stand in hold back the Kingdom of God in the even greater need of emphasis and ex- earth. planation to the big church public? The work of the Committee on Stu- Is the policy of always holding our dent Work of the Federation of Foreign meetings in or near N ew York City Mission Boards of North America is to one that tends to spread and increase ascertain the present status of missionthe usefulness of the Federation? arv work in denominational schools and Would it not be possible, at least bi- coileges and to secure, as far as pracennially, to arrange for a strong, ticable, the presentation of foreign misdeeply spiritual and permanently im- sions in these schools and to direct the pressive presentation of the claims of missionary giving of students during foreign missions upon American Chris- their college life to the enterprises for tian women? Such a conference, if which the respective Boards are responwell planned, could hardly fail to stimu- sible. late the organization and the work of local federations. We have not yet lost I t is most important to preserve dethe impetus given by the Jubilee of five nominational loyalty during the college life and to prepare young women for definite service in the home church. By

agreement between the representatives of now about 3,100, and is lengthening. the denominational Boards and of the Each month the magazine, with its Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. and quaint Chinese pictures and its borthe Student Volunteer Movement, the rowed American cuts, goes now into almissionary cultivation of the students in most every province in China, where the denominational schools has been there are missionary friends, into homes given to the representatives of the of the Chinese in Burma, and subscrip- Boards. The missionary work done tions are now and then sent by friends through the Missionary Committees of interested in Chinese in America for the Association in these schools shall be use in Chinese Bible schools. the work done by the Young People's Missionary Societies of the church Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, the dewhich the various Boards represent. A voted editor, serves entirely without great responsibility rests upon the repre- compensation, but her task has so ensentatives of the Boards to use this op- larged this past year that she has been portunity to keep these young people- compelled to employ a young Chinese citizens of to-morrow, upon whose shoul- woman as her assistant, and for her salders will soon fall the burden of the ary and small office rent she asked an work of the world-in touch with the additional $400 from the committee, work of the church to which each be- which, however, they were unable to longs, that the full measure of their grant in full. God-given opportunity and responsibility may be met. The experiment of having a Chinese picture book, made up of selections and A Questionnaire has been prepared by cuts from the magazine, proved so sucthe Committee on Student Work of the cessful last year that an edition of Federation and sent to the co-operating 10,000 of a similar book was prepared Boards, by which we hope to ascertain for this last Christmas, for which twenthe number of denominational schools ty-five cents a copy was charged, thus and colleges in North America, and the increasing the revenue of the magazine. provision that has been made by the We hear, however, from Shanghai, the various Boards for the missionary culti- same story of increased cost of paper vation of students, and to secure, if pos- and ink, so familiar to magazine and sible, the presentation of foreign mis- bookmakers here, and the entire $500 sions and svstematic mission study, so pledged by the committee has been that the y~ung people of Christian needed to meet the higher prices of pub- America, who, by the manifold grace of lishing. God, are permitted to live in this twentieth century of opportunity, shall be Most commendatory notices of the prepared for service and for leadership. little visitor are received from the mis- sionaries of many boards and from lead- The call of the world is the call of ing Chinese. It is published in Man- God. He is ever saying, "Follow thoJ darin and easy Wenli, and the friends Me." Our service is but the continua- in South China are asking for a special tion of His work upon His plan, in His edition in Wenii for their constituency. power, and for His praise. Perhaps this step may be taken in the coming year, thus enlarging the influ- CHRISTIAN LITERATCRE FOR THE ence of this, the only magazine for Chi- ORIENT nese children, with distinctively Chris- tian teaching, in all China. EXTRACT FROM A REPORT TO THE FEDERATION A small grant of $50 was given to BY ALICE M. KYLE Rev. A. C. Clayton, of :Madras, to aid him in printing some simple Bible text- THE little magazine for Chinese books to be used by the Bible women in children, Happy Childhood, is in visiting the homes of the Tamil-speaking women-the first work in Tamil which its third year of life, and is a lusty- we have aided. growing child. The subscription list is

THOUGHTS

MIS SKONAJRY ADDRESSES MISSIONARY THEMES AND TEXTS brought into the Christian Church in the next two years. God's Vision at the Warld. Genesis vi. 5. 5. The Challenge of China. Unusual opportunities. The students (I) Disorder. (2) Sin. (3) God's of Christian China are turning to Remedy. Christ. Two thousand walled cities without a missionary. At the Fran! and at Harne. Numbers xxxii. 6. 6. The Challenge of the WorId. While the Church of Christ is send- (I) The Minority at the Front. (2) ing out only 8,000 male missionaries to Those Who Stay by the Stuff. (3) overcome 800,000,000 heathen, Canada The Need for Cooperation. (4) The is sending 80,000 men to fight in Eu- Value of United Effort. rope, and plans to send four times this number to aid the Allies. Meanwhile, layful Offerings. I Chronicles xxix. 9. the Church is ten years behind the ( I) The Willing Giver. (2) The providence of God in following up the opportunities that He has provided in Resultant Blessing. the world. "We have been saying that we could not afford to give eighteen A SERMON OUTLINE million dollars a year to foreign mis- sions or to send four thousand men BY PRESIDENT J. CAMPBELL WHITE abroad. Yet to-day Great Britain, with less than half our population, is spend- Challenges Confronting the Church ing twenty-five million dollars a day; and Canada, with less than one-tenth 1. The Challenge of the Home Land. our population, is sending three hundred Over fifty million in America are thousand men to fight and die in Eustill outside of any church. rope. We are asking too little for the There are one-quarter of a million cause of Christ and the salvation of the immigrants returning to Europe this world." year. What a missionary force that would be if we had led them to know IMPRESSIVE FACTS Christ! Mhlsions Versus "",~ar 2. The Challenge of Latin America. Of the seventy million people in our American Protestant Christians gave sister continent, one-half are illiterate $28,000,000 for foreign missions last and one-half are of illegitimate birth. year. That is encouraging, because it is an increase over the preceding year, 3. The Challenge of the Moslem yet we are told that Great Britain is World. spending for war over $28,000,000 a day. For missions, $28,000,000 in a There are only 531 mIssIonaries year; for war, $28,000,000 in a day! among the 200 million Moslems. The Can we quite take that in? We wongreat problem in Africa is not the con- der how long it is going to take the version of the pagans but the stemming world to learn that the best possible of the tide of Islam. armament, the only armament which will effectually prevent war, is the 4. The Challenge of Hinduism. armament of the clean heart and the If a missionary had begun to go the right spirit. If the Christian nations of rounds of the villages of India on the day that Christ was born and had proclaimed the Gospel in one village each day from that time until now he would not yet have given the message of Christ to all the villages. Bishop Warne says that if he had the men and the means two million people in India might be

the world should spend in any two years for local current expenses and $9 for for missions, home and foreign, the missions in the last ten years. In twenamount which some of them have spent ty-three years that church has given during the past two years for war, would more than $153,230 for missions. For there be any more war ?-Exchange. fourteen years it gave an average of $6,880 a year, and about nine years, *** $8,272 a year. The current expenses of this church have never exceeded The American Government is re- $3,000 a year. ported to have spent $200,000,000 during the last year for the armed expedi- (hnittiIlJ~; the Fourth Stanza tion into Mexico and the protection of the border. This is ten times the BY MRS. E. C. CRONK amount spent for evangelical Christian missions in :Mexico, in one hundred years. "Let us conclude our meeting by The money spent for the military expe- uniting in singing Hymn 102, omitting dition would have put a church, a school the fourth stanza," announced the preand a hospital, with the necessary siding officer, with an effort not to apequipment, and with salaries of workers pear hurried. included, in one thousand cities and towns in Mexico. Number 102 was a favorite hymn, and the society sang heartily: Cost of City Churches "Take my life and let it' be, w. C. Poole, in The Expositor, re- Consecrated Lord to Thee.

ports the following facts in regard to Take my moments and my days, Let them flow in ceaseless praise." the finances of six large city churches in "Madam President," said a voice America compared with cost in smaller when the third verse had been sung, "I am opposed to omitting that fourth churches: 6 Large 140 Small stanza."

Churches Churches People looked in amazement, for :Miss Sparkman had never opposed any- Capital invested $1,95°,000 :"1,900,000 thing in the society before. She was a wheel horse, and pulled hard and never Running expenses … 65,900 34,000 balked. Now two spots of bright red burned in her cheeks, which were usu- Cost for ministerial ally colorless.

support ………. . 47,°00 170,000 Almost unconsciously the women Total cost of main- opened the hymn books they had just closed, to see the fourth stanza. Miss tenance ………. . 300,000 Sparkman read aloud the words of Offerings for benevo- the omitted verse, on which the eyes of every member of the society now lence ………… . 75,653 30 ,000 rested. Membership reported. 9,7 80 50,000 Converts reported …. 286 "Take my silver and my gold, Average spent per 5,200 Not a mite would I withhold."

convert ……….. 736 36 "I'm opposed to omitting the fourth stanza," said the little lady. "If it were The average spent per convert by just in our singing it wouldn't be so churches in Philadelphia was reduced to bad, but we are omitting it in the life of one-third through the Sunday Cam- our society. The amount of money that paign. America spends $250,000,000 a has come into our treasury this year is year for building and running churches; shamefully small. The appeals from double this amount, or $500,000,000, our mission fields are read and we for candy and ice cream, and four times listen to them and say placidly, "How the amount, each, or $1,000,000,000, interesting,' but we 'omit the fourth for moving pictures, automobiles and stanza.' " jewelry and bric-a-brac. Is it time to go over accounts with the Divine auditor and allow Him to suggest changes with a view to efficiency?

STORIES FRO:}I LIFE A Giving Chur('1t – One church in Pennsylvania has given an average of $25 per member

fROM MANY 1ANDS

LATIN AMERICA ica at Lima, Peru," writes Missionary Hays P. Archerd, "are uniting to form Fact.. About Argentina a Young Men's Club for the moral and social benefit of its members. It is based BISHOP STUNTZ, m a recent re- on the model of the Young Men's port letter from Buenos Aires, Christian Association. Some of the friends here believe that it will lead to gives some interesting facts: the entrance of the Association into Argentina is as large as all of the Peru.

United States east of Omaha. One "Our local missIOnary society in province in it is as large as Illinois, Lima, composed, with one' exception, Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowa and half of wholly of native Peruvians, has col- Missouri. It is enormous. lected funds for opening a mission hall in one of the popular centers of the city, Buenos Aires, the capital, is as large where, up to the present, no evangelisas Philadelphia and quite as rapid. It tic work has been done. This is to be is a great center, and is the third city a self-supporting enterprise, carried on of the American continents. New York and directed by the society with the aid comes first, Chicago second, Buenos of the pastors in Lima. As soon as a Aires third, and Philadelphia fourth. suitable hall can be found the work will If Buenos Aires and Chicago continue be started." to grow at the same rate they have followed in the last fifteen years, Chicago The Religion of Brazil will be behind Buenos Aires. I t is a city of outstanding importance, but NOMINALLY the people of Brazil with appalling spiritual destitution. It are Roman Catholics. For four has only fifteen evangelical churches, while in Philadelphia, a city of about hundred years the Roman Catholic the same size, there are seven hundred. Church has been without a rival in South America, free and favored in her I have gone through a section of Ar- enterprise. With what result? Bishop gentina, including 4,000 towns, with Kinsolving, of the Protestant Episcopal but forty-seven evangelical churches in Church in Brazil, asserts that not two the whole area! One hundred mission- in a hundred of the students acknowlaries should be sent to various large cen- edge relationship with any religious orters where the people have not yet a ganization. One who was for six years witness to the saving power of Jesus a Roman Catholic priest in South Amer- Christ among them, but where agnos- ica said several years ago: "I do not ticism, or atheism, or an encrusted, think that the Church in any case superstitious, sacerdotal Catholicism is reaches ten per cent of the people, and in the citadel. in many places this is saying too much. I do not believe that of the 1,000,000 The Methodist Episcopal Church has people in Buenos Aires there are 200 successful schools and churches at vari- men on any given Sunday at service." ous points in Peru, Bolivia, Chile and The Honorable James Bryce, in his Argentina, having entered into an agree- book on South America, makes this ment some years ago with the Metho- statement: "The absence of any religdist Church South, according to which ious foundation for thought and conduct the latter confines itself to work in the is a grave misfortune for Latin Amerplaces where Portuguese is spoken, and ica." One of the most influential men the Northern Church is free to develop in South America said to a traveler: "It in all the Spanish-speaking countries in is sad, sad, to see my people so miserable South America. when they might be so happy. Their ills; physical and moral, spring from a Cbristian Activities in Pern "T HE young men of our two Metho- dist churches and the church of the Evangelical Union of South Amer-

common source, lack of religion." The supposed to be especially effective in Bible has been kept from the people; curing the sick and bringing evil upon the Bible colporteur has been persecuted an enemy.

and his books burned. This is the cause A of lack of religion and of illiteracy and Ne,"v HOSI)ital in San Juan immorality. No country in the world NEW building, with accommoda- is more in need of real Christianity. tions for seventy-five patients, has been erected for the Presbyterian Hos- The Indians of G'natemala pital in San Juan, Porto Rico. The old THERE are in the republic of Gua- wooden building, which this structure temala between 1,200,000 and 1,- is to replace, has a capacity of only for- 700,000 individuals of pure Indian ty-three beds, and was planned and blood. A good-sized proportion of equipped conservatively in the days these Indians, through being employed when a hospital on the Island had much on the plantations or living in daily con- the significance of an almshouse among tact with the Spanish-speaking people in the poor people, and to it the well-to-do their towns, are losing their distinctive did not care to go. But, as the people characteristics and are adopting the Eu- learned what an American hospital was ropean dress and the Spanish language. like, antipathy gradually vanished and There remain, however, many large In- the work of the hospital increased from dian communities which are practically year to year, until, with this limited ca- uninfluenced by the Spanish civilization. pacity and equipment, by the end of De- The proportion of the Indian population cember some thirty thousand patients which can read either their own lan- will have been treated in clinic and hos- guage or the Spanish will probably not pital during the year 1916–exceeding exceed ten per cent. The proportion. by several thousands the number of pa- that can be reached directly with the tients in any previous year. In some Gospel by the Spanish-speaking evan- months there have been as many as gelist will perhaps be twenty per cent. ninety surgical operations. The pa- The social organization of the Indian tients have been from all classes and communities where they are as yet unin- conditions-the cultured and the illit- fluenced by outside civilization borders erate; the wealthy and the indigent; the on communism. Each community has a white and the colored; American, Eng- costume which is peculiar to it. In the lish, French, German, Dane, Syrian, Republic of Guatemala alone there are Porto Rican, and also those who inhabit some thirty-six different languages and other of the West Indian Islands.

dialects spoken. Even between villages With the present capacity, if so much which use the same language there is can be done, how much more may be little or no fellowship between the in- accomplished with the new seventy-five- habitants, and an Indian from a neigh- bed hospital properly equipped?

boring village who should come preach- The Woman's Board of Home Mis- ing the Gospel would probably be sions has planned a special cruise to looked upon with more suspicion than Porto Rico in March for the dedication a Spanish-speaking evangelist. of this hospital.

The Catholic Church has a nominal hold over the majority of the Indians, Haiti Deli,~ered frO-ill Fear and practically all of them baptize their ROMAN CATHOLICISM is nomi- children into it. But much more deeply nally and officially the religion of seated than their Catholic faith is the Haiti, but Voodooism, or African ser- ancient pagan religion, which, in spite pent worship, is the real religion of of the opposition of the priests, has sur- Haiti to-day.

vived until the present day. This is a Under the veneer of Romanism to be sort of primitive sun worship, having. seen in the towns is established a firm be- altars on the high hills and volcanoes. lief in these African superstitions; while The prayers of the witch doctors are in the country the veneer furnished by

FROM MANY LANDS

Romanism is almost altogether wanting. press, against the freedom of worship, In a country where trees and plants against public elections and other demo- are sacred as the abode of malignant cratic institutions. The close alliance and powerful spirits, whose propitia- of the Roman Church with the dicta- tion must be sought, and where the torial and absolute power of the State witch doctor is a recognized power has also been resented by the people.

whose threat causes even the President Another factor in the uprising of the to tremble in his chair, the liberty people against the Church has been the brought to the soul through belief in the loose life of the clergy in general, and gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ is a the frequent public scandals affecting very real thing indeed. the moral life of the community and in An illustration of this liberty is to which one or more priests are involved.

be seen in the Baptist Church of Jacmel Finally, the Roman Catholic Church and vicinity,.which has some seven hun- has done little in Mexico for the real dred members. They have erected betterment of the poor classes. The their own church building at Jacmel, charity work of that Church generally and several chapels in the country. The has a tendency to degrade the individual doors of the church in Jacmel are made instead of putting him on his own feet."

from the wood of a tree which had been NORTH AlIERICA worshiped for centuries. The workers Preparing for Unity tell how the owner of the tree was converted and gave it as his donation A S the European War continued to toward the building. When the day make it impossible to send a depu- carne to cut the tree in order to saw it tation to Europe to explain the object up for lumber, the whole neighborhood and methods of the World Conference gathered to see Whllt would happen, as on Faith and Order, which is proposed the great majority expected some un- as a step in preparation for the reunion toward accident to those who were so of the divisions of Christendom, the forward as to dare to meddle with this Commissions resident in North America abode of the spirits. When the tree decided to establish a North American fell, doing no one any injury, the peas- Preparation Committee to collect mate- ants gazed in astonishment and could rial for the World Conference, and to only say, "None but the Protestants explain and spread in North America would dare to do this!" the conference spirit, instead of that The Roulan Church ill Mexico spirit of controversy which has for so many years kept Christians apart.

pROFESSOR ANDRES OSUNA, This North American Preparation for eleven years General Superin- Committee held its first meeting at tendent of Public Education in the Garden City, New York, January 23- State of Coahuila, sees not only a po- 24, 1917. The Committee consists of litical upheaval now going on in Mex- about one hundred and seventy-five men ico, but a religious upheaval as well, and from all parts of the United States and brings a severe indictment against the Canada, and includes members of the Roman Church as one of the principal following communions: Anglican, Ar- reasons for the present struggle. He menian, Baptist, Congregationalist, Dis- says: ciples of Christ, Friends, Lutheran, "She stands against any system of Methodist, Moravian, Polish Catholic, public education conducted by the State. Presbyterian, Reformed, Roman Catho- The Catholic schools are for the benefit lic, Russian and Serbian. It is believed of the wealthy alone or are used to that never before have so many men of counteract the influence of the Protes- so many different communions worked tant or public schools. The Church has together for the common· purpose of try- also been opposed to democracy. She ing to understand each other and to works against separation of the Church bring out the points of agreement which and the State, against the liberty of the they hold in common as Christians.

Nine Dollars Per Capita placed in the hands of the Board, to THE Seventh-Day Adventists report enable it to carryon the work for at remarkably high per capita gifts to least five years, and has specified that their missionary work-namely, $9.08 these funds be in addition to the con- per member. The principal denomina- tributions now given for the work in tions usually count their people gener- Japan and China. A special committee ous if they give an average of $2.00 per was appointed to consider this important member to foreign missions and $5.00 matter.

per member to all benevolences. A Sister College Movement The Seventh-Day Adventists show A NEW plan has been proposed for an income of $706,293 from North America. They have 733 missionaries the enlistment of American college in foreign fields, and these employ I 17 girls in work for their sisters in the languages and dialects in their work. Orient. Each girl in the American col- leges is asked to contribute from her The City in Epigrams spending money to help the College FROM an address by Rev. Charles Y. W. C. A. work in Asia. Denomina- H. Sears, Superintendent of City tional colleges in America will help Missions in New York: similar institutions in the Orient, and The City-What is the City? other American colleges will contribute A city-that is where Dives and toward work in Union colleges. A Lazarus both live. committee has worked out definite plans A city-that is where men die of for study and for the presentation of loneliness in a crowd. the plan of campaign in the colleges.

A city-that is the land of plenty Further information may be obtained where men die of starvation. from Mrs. Mary Carr Curtis, Carralta A city is where a thousand people live Place, Salem, Ohio.

on an acre of ground that they never see. An Indian Caml' Meeting A city is where thousands live 111 a MRS. WALTER C. ROE writes of single block and never know that they a camp meeting which was con- have a neighbor. ducted among a tribe of Indians for A city is a place where may be seen whom no missionary work had been done both the glitter of vice and the glow of before: "Ed Ladd, the tribe's best inter- virtue. preter and most progressive man, took A city is a place where vice centers his stand for Christ bravely, all alone.

in sunless spots, and where virtue shines N aiche, and Solon to interpret, had come in secluded places. up from distant Mescalero, and Naiche, A city is all desert for some, all oases the old-time war chief, now just as truly for others. a chief, but for God, stood and again and A city is a place which some greet again addressed the Indians in their own with a cheer; which others endure with tongue, pleading that they corne and fol- tears. low Christ. He sang alone his Indian But a city may not be characterized songs, wild and barbaric, but sweet to in epigram.-Missions. them and impressive to us.

"The next day, after the sermon, when TMore Work for Moslen1.8 . the invitation was given, half a dozen HE German Reformed Board at its Indians, mainly men, came eagerly for- annual meeting took definite action ward, and, instead of returning to their in regard to the opening of a station in seats, they collected in a group in front.

the Moslem world. It is prepared to Some white-haired, some young and select the field and the missionaries, a strong, and all free from self-conscious- physician and an evangelist, when the ness, they turned to us a group of dark, necessary funds or negotiable guaran- eager faces that I shall never forget.

tees, amounting to $5,000 annually, arc Before that camp meeting closed, thirty-

FROM MANY LANDS

one Indians, mostly adults, mostly men, tion in idleness, and several thousand had found the Jesus Road. Among these students were soon enrolled in serious was the chief of the tribe, Porfirio, and pursuit of learning. In one set of camps his sweet girl wife, a daughter of Ed 5,000 Russians are reported studying Ladd; and also Mrs. Ed Ladd, besides English under teachers from among two of his brothers. The school people their comrades. came almost in a body. Everyone cooperated and it seemed to us that God's The "huts" established by the Asso- Spirit was in our midst. With these ciation make provision for the three new converts to train and educate, and types of worship represented among the next spring to receive in the church, prisoners. There is a main central hall some new names have been written in to which on occasion the Roman altar God's book and a new mission has been or the Greek altar is brought, or in born." which the Protestant services are held. The altars have their place in side TThe Eskhno of Daflintun,} rooms, suitable for private prayer, when HE Christian devotion and loyalty not in public use. For the conduct of of the Eskimo have been displayed these services no additional chaplains are in an attractive light by Rev. E. W. T. required, since virtually every camp con- Greenshield, of Baffinland. Formerly tains priests and ministers, who are glad it used to be said that the best Indian to render their fellows this ministry. was a dead Indian; but now Canadians All the countries have given and lost of have come in thousands to fight for the their best. It is these well-equipped Empire because all the Indians are full men whom the Association is discoverof loyalty-one outcome of the work of ing and organizing into efficient servants missions. There is not only loyalty but of the desperate need of the prisoners of spirituality. Where there are not white every warring country. missionaries, brown ones will be found. And when you see an Eskimo in the Denland for Testan1.euts Continues pulpit, you may be sure of a genuine believer; for in a region where every- "I SEND you my deepest gratitude thing is public, hypocrisy would be for the Book, which shall be my easily detected. The post visits Mr. preferred companion, a comfort in Greenshield's parish only once a year, trouble and an inspiration to faith." and telegraphic surprises are unknown. This message is received from an offi- The honesty of the natives appeared cer of the Austrian army in acknowlfrom a story of how they got a foun- edgment of a Testament given him by dered vessel off the rocks. The captain an agent of the International Young asked what he could do for them by Men's Christian Association. In reway of recompense. They said : "We sponse to Dr. Mott's appeal to the are believers here; believers ought to World's Sunday-School Association, help people; we don't want anything." $7,500 of the funds contributed by Sun- day-school children in America have been EUROPE turned over to the Association for their work in the prison camps, the hospitals oStudy an.:1 Worship in War CRnlPS and trenches of Europe. NE of the ingenious features of the work of the ¥oung Men's Chris- The agents of the Association in Italy tian Association in the European war ,,,rite of the remarkable readiness-even camps is the use of the special abilities eagerness-on the part of the I talian solof the prisoners themselves. Men of all diers to read the Gospel. Colporteurs callings, professions and trades are have been invited into the barracks and available. In the larger camps whole hospitals and given a free hand. Offiuniversity courses are in operation. cers have taken copies to distribute. The Eighty-five trained instructors were eagerness of the Italian soldiers for the found in one camp, pining for occupa- Word makes the present occasion strategic. Between three and four mil- lion men, representing every class in

I talian society, are eager to read the life- which leads to entire impoverishment and giving Word. And similar conditions extirpation. . . . The committee will are described by a representative in Rus- work to the end that the press and all sia of the Scripture Gift Mission, who political parties who represent justice writes: shall help the Jewish cause. They ask Jews and Christians who desire to help "I have just finished another week's this good cause to say so." work. It has been one of the grandest and most wonderful weeks of my life. MOSLEM LANDS With my own hand I have distributed 10,000 Gospels and Scripture portions. Turks Hold AJUerican Property In no week of my life have I had so many people thank me for the Scriptures MESSAGES from Constantinople to given, and in no week have I had so the officials of the American Board many come to me and ask me for Scriptures." of Commissioners for Foreign Missions state that the Turks are still holding the A Bible on It Watch Chain American property in Marsovan, which includes college buildings, large hos- SOME Russians carry the Bible on pital, library, residence, etc., although their watch chains. The book is only large and commodious buildings of Turkish ownership are standing empty one inch square and three-eighths of an or have been vacated for the purpose of inch in thickness. It contains all the moving into the mission buildings. A five books of Moses in Hebrew, and the similar situation exists in Talas, where title of the chapters in Latin. The type the American Board has also a hospital, is so small that a glass is needed to read, boarding schools for both boys and girls, but the Russian does not trouble himself and missionary residences. Other inabout that. He is satisfied that he car- stances might be cited where American ries the Word of God with him. school property, etc., had been seized on various pretexts by the Turkish authori- "Pro Cansa Judaiea." ties, their action seeming to indicate a disposition to deprive the Americans of A COMMITTEE of prominent Jews the title to buildings and land which has been formed in Switzerland and they have long owned. has sent out the following appeal: ChriKtnlR8 Ship at Alexandria "The Committee Pro Causa ludaica has given itself the task of drawing the A CABLEGRAM received in New attention of the civilized world to the Jewish question. This contains the two ~ York the end of January angreat Jewish problems: the demand for nounced the arrival at Alexandria, equal rights, through the granting of Egypt, of the United States collier which millions of disqualified Jews "Caesar," which sailed from New York would get into possession of human December 16th as a Christmas ship, rights, and the. question of colonizing bearing a cargo of food and clothing emigration of that part of the Jewish for the destitute people of Syria, Palesnation which strives after its own cul- tine and Western Asia. The cargo was tural and economic existence. . . . In officially consigned to the United States Russia and Poland more than six million Consul-General, W. Stanley Hollis, at Jews live in the most sad conditions, Beirut, who, with Mr. Hoffman Phillip disqualified, huddled together, without and the Beirut Chapter of the American having the right of free movement, con- Red Cross, supervised the distribution tinually fearing bloody pogroms, exposed of the cargo along lines that have alto the despotism of irresponsible bureau- ready been approved by the Turkish cracy. In Rumania 250,CX>O Jews are Government. Included in the vessel's considered aliens, in spite of the Berlin cargo were two automobile trucks, for agreement and the formal promises of use in transporting the foodstuffs into the Rumanian Government, and exposed the interior, where the destitution seems to a policy of persecution and oppression most acute.

FROM MANY LANDS

During the voyage of the "Caesar" "The story of the year now closing across the Atlantic the American Corv.- must be told in terms of war, famine mittee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, and pestilence. Much of our work has N ew York, had been cabling to Beirut been carried on to the accompaniment such funds as were available with of the boom of heavy guns on OUf sea which to meet urgent needs pending the front, the hum of air craft overhead, arrival of the Christmas ship. Recent and the bursting of their destructive cablegrams state: "The number of des- shells within a quarter of a mile of our titute refugees has been greatly aug- campus. Indeed, our campus has been mented" and "The distress much more strewn from time to time with shrapnel acute than last year." The cargo of the fired at the enemy air craft during their "Caesar" at best can provide only tem- attacks on the neighboring aeroplane porary relief for those accessible from base, or on passing military trains from the port of Beirut; other shipments artillery on the neighboring heights, must follow and additional funds are while the windows of some of our homes needed to provide the simplest necessi- have been shattered by the bursting of ties of life for the hundreds of thou- heavy shells within a distance of less sands in sections that cannot be reached than three hundred yards of where this from Beirut. report is being written. Military tents now extend close along the southern Dellland for Books in Persia wall of our campus, and some of them within a few feet of our auditorium- M ISS G. Y. HOLLIDAY writes placed there as a protection against from Tabriz: aeroplane attack. "Two small Turkish tracts, printed on the U rumia press, are taken from "Not the least of the difficulties that the series of story parables brought out have beset us is that of being unable by the Nile Mission Press. Turkish to communicate with our Board of Direaders are pleased with them. rectors in Boston throughout the entire college year, or for the past few months "There is a phenomenal demand just with Mr. Peet in Constantinople. Yet, now for the Scriptures from all the in spite of these multiplied distractions races and tongues of this polyglot coun- and calamities, we are able to report a try. The two colporteurs of the Brit- year of successful achievement." ish and Foreign Bible Society go out, expecting to stay several weeks, taking INDIA, BURMA, CEYI,ON all the books thev think they can dispose of in that time, and return in a The CaD1paign in India few days all sold out and asking for more. REV. H. A. POPLEY writes of the evangelistic campaign in South In- "The Armenian pastor, who does not know Turkish well enough to use it dia that, in addition to the many who fluently, conducts the Armenian services, have been "definitely influenced to place and is very useful, while the Rev. Abram themselves under the leadership of Moorhatch, who is a fine preacher in Jesus Ch rist, thousands more have been Turkish, but does not know Armenian, influenced to some extent to feel that has charge of the services in Turkish Christ is indeed the hope of India." and Syriac, and is also active in Moslem evangelization. We have a good at- Other reports come in, of which the tendance of Moslems at the Turkish following are typical: "Travancore tells service, and some who come talk about of a demon worshipper who deserted Christianity." his shrine and declared that he would erect a temple to God in its place. A College in the Millst of War From the north Tamil field comes the cheering news that meetings are freely DR. ALEXANDER MAcLACH- allowed in Hindu temples, and the LAN, who is in his twenty-fifth workers were requested to speak frankly about Christ and His salvation. In anyear as president of the International other place, on hearing the preaching, a College in Smyrna, writes:

devil dancer promised on the spot to be- ing her that she would have nothing to come a Christian. In one of the Telugu do with the 'Christian epidemic' which churches twenty-eight adults were pub- had invaded the village. But the godly licly baptized." … "The greatest good and experienced Biblewoman by kind- is that the laity have been awakened to ness and love soon made friends with a sense of their responsibility." "Every her. While Engeltina was washing rice Sunday afternoon, immediately after the or cutting up fish in the compound, the service, the whole church goes out to Biblewoman would sit by her and read preach the GospeL" "The campaign has her stories from the Bible; and grad- brought a new vision to our church. ually a great change ,vas wrought in For the first time the higher classes in Engeltina's mind. The Spirit of God the church went and preached the Gos- began to work in her, and within a few pel to the poor and depressed." months it was apparent to all that she was a changed woman. She began to Youthful Christians in India attend Sunday services, and later she and her pretty little daughter were bap- THE Sholapur Church, of about six tized, very much against the wishes of hundred members, have a native her mother and relatives. She is to-day one of the most godly-minded Christian pastor, who preaches and talks so that women in Valahapitiya. After her the children can understand. They en- baptism she began to pray, and to ask joy sitting on the hard stone floor, listen- others to pray for the salvation of her ing to his Sunday afternoon sermons. husband, whose chief fault was his fond- His illustrations are so simple and yet ness for arrack. God has answered these so effective. He is not afraid to raise prayers, for the man has given up his a laugh from the younger ones by his liquor and is a Christian to-day; and manner in the pulpit. He seems to act they are now a very happy Christian especially for their benefit, and he family." makes the hour interesting for them, so that it is not irksome to go to church. A Patluln's Con"'ersion I t is a virile, strong religion which he preaches; but one day it verily surprised A T the C. M. S. Hospital, Peshawar, even him, not to say the other people a Pathan young man of seventeen in the building, to hear the boys and brought his father for some operation, girls, some of them not more than thir- which was successful, and before leav- teen years old, arise in weekly prayer ing the place the boy bought a Gospel meeting and offer voluntary sentence for two pies. Three years after, the prayers in answer to a call for prayers. boy, now a young man, came to the They have done it frequently since, and hospital, declaring that he wanted to they do it naturally and reverently, too. become a Christian. He had had no The religious side of the boy's nature is instruction whatever except what he by no means neglected. Bible stories gathered from the Gospel he had pur- are taught him in the daily school for chased. His people began to persecute three-quarters of an hour each day. him, took everything he had, and with Each one of the older boys learns to ask only the clothes he was wearing he came grace and offer thanks before his mates to the hospital, and is now working in "for the daily food that is provided. the hospital for a wage to support him- self and join the Christian community. A Stol."Y fl·Olll. Ceylon T01'n Tracts Good "Ads" "ENGELTINA was at one time a harsh and quarrelsome woman. THE Brindaban mela, a great Hindu festival which brings together every Her neighbors dreaded her tongue, and her husband feared to come home after year thousands of pilgrims from all his day's work, as she would often quar- parts of India, has been used by the rel with him. When one day the Bible- Methodist missionaries in Muttra as a woman went to see her and read the great opportunity for evangelistic work. Gospel to her, she drove her away, tell-

FROM MANY LANDS 23

Rev. Matt Keisler writes, however, that pastor, the Rev. Lim Po Chin, all ready growing opposition on the part of the with written reports, each taking an Brahmins indicates that thev see in the active and intelligent part in the proadvance of Christianity their own sup- ceedings. planting. He says: "The Brahmins organized their forces and taught the CHINA small boys to make a disturbance while our workers were teaching the people. Why Should Missionaries Fig-ht J1"'ire? They followed us everywhere. Snatching tracts from the hands of people who A T a serious fire which occurred in had received them, they tore them up the city of Kiating, Szechuan Provand laughed in derision. One boy ince, West China, the people were so bought a Gospel and at once tore it to much impressed by the efforts put forth shreds. An old woman, looking on, said by the men members of the missionary to him, 'Vhat good will that do? You community that they proposed doing may tear up their books, but you can't several things to show their gratitude. destroy their printing presses.' Many After the usual native procrastination, of the people picked up pieces of tracts about five months after the fire, each and gospels, and putting them together member of the foreign fire brigade reread them. The very fact that we were ceived a large white scroll upon which opposed made the people more anxious was inscribed a long eulogy, one sento learn about these forbidden things. tence of which reads as follows: "Al- The torn tracts were splendid adver- though these foreigners owned no goods tisements, for people were sure to think or houses in the danger zone, nor were there must be something worth while in the least concerned, yet they ran to in them. The opposition made our do this public service. They earnestly work very difficult, but also effective." looked upon the dangers of another peo- ple as if it were the urgent pain of their MAI,AYSL"- own skins."

No Heathen Temple for 'lliles Under the leadership of one of the missionaries, the gentry have formed a T HE influence of missionary work In society to purchase and maintain some the agricultural settlements of up-to-date hand pumps and distribute Sitiawan and Sarawak, Borneo, has put them at important points in the city. an end to practically all forms of This is Christianity at work in a heathen heathen worship, even among those Chi- city along civic lines, and it is one of nese who are not members of the many ways to influence a city for Christ: church. "On my last visit to Sitiawan," writes Rev. W. G. Shellabear, "I was Devoted Chinese Christians told that non-Christians are constantly coming to our church to be married. T HE last report of the American No heathen temple is to be seen for Presbyterian Board tells the story miles around. And there is practically of a Chinese Christian druggist who no idolatry in the homes of these peo- was shipwrecked last year on his way to ple." A Chinese Board of Education, Canton. Of seventy· persons afloat on if you please, has assumed responsibility the upper deck of the steamer, eleven for all village schools, and appoints and only were alive after thirty-six hours of· controls the teachers. Prejudice against exposure vhen rescuers arrived. This the education of girls is now a thing Christian layman spent the time preachof the past, although the Chinese here ing Christ's salvation to those who, one have always been more conservative by one, were being washed from the than those in other cities of Malaysia. deck. At the district conference it did one's heart good to see the fifty official mem- The story is also told of a poor stone bers from seven quarterly conferences mason in the village of Lai Yang, where under the leadership of their itinerant he is about the only Christian, who for the last two years has hired one of the best school-teachers employed in the mis- sion, paying him half of the $go yearly

salary, and even contracting debt to do public." The editor of the Intelligen- this. Unsatisfied with the cramped and cer adds, "The three kang are auto- crowded quarters in which the school crat, father and husband: the five fun has to meet, he has erected a large are the relation of autocrat to the building with rooms for both school and princes and nobles, of father to son, of church, giving his own land for the husband to wife, or elder brother to site, most of the stone, and much of the younger, and of friend to friend." The work. "The result is a building al- statement of the new President is full most as large as any in our whole field, of encouragement to missionaries and of where there have been organized far-reaching significance to China.- churches for forty years." He has done The East and the West. all this without money and in the face of discouraging opposition, yet has never "Blue Mohanllnednlls" lost faith or courage. FEW people know that in the Middle A ~lonnstel·Y for R ]-lissioll Ages the Jews penetrated even as REMARKABLE news comes from far east as China. The settlements of the Chinese province of Fukien. "Blue l10hammedans," as the Chinese call their Jewish fellow-countrymen, The public schools are being turned are said to date from the twelfth cenover to the missionaries because the offi- tury, and were at one time very imporcials are beginning to realize their own tant. But in China the Jews have inability to make them efficient. While failed to preserve their national inthe motive may be purely political or tegrity. For long they have not been educational, the final religious harvest found outside of the old city of Kaiwill be all the greater. One village has fengfu, the capital of Honan Province. actually given to the missionary the Even there, where the ruins of a synadeeds and endowment of its local monas- gogue can still be seen, they have not tery, and the proceeds are to be used had a rabbi since the beginning of last perpetually for the support of a Chris- century. tian school. This transformed and transfigured monastery is already or- In 1908 it was estimated that there ganized and flourishing. were 400 Jews surviving in Kaifengfu. In other words, there were 400 persons Confncianislll not DelllOCI"atic who preserved a tradition of Jewish de- scent; for, according to an agent of the A WRITER in the Chinese Chris- Bible Society, nothing remained to dis- tian I ntelli;;encer, published in tinguish them from the heathen Chinese Shanghai, describes an important inter- saving two Jewish customs-that of view which a Chinese missionary re- never eating pork, a favorite article of cently had with Li Yuan-Hung, the diet in China, and that of doing no new President of the Chinese Republic, work on one day in seven. But for all in the course of which the President practical purposes this Chinese Jewry "said plainly that after a fair trial Con- exists no longer. fucianism is found to be ill-suited to the needs of a republic; 'the system "Iarket Towns ns G.ospei Centers necessitates an autocrat,' said he, and the three kang and five {un of Confu- T HE market center in China seems to cianism must be thoroughly investi- Rev. Charles E. Patton, of Kogated before a republic can go on with chow, "a providentially arranged disefficiency. The principles of equality tributing center for the dissemination of and freedom inculcated by the Chris- the Gaspe!." It is the business center tian religion are bound to prevail in for at least twenty villages which have China. The young men and women in no shops of their own. Every second this land who have been taught these or third day, according to a fixed cusprinciples are to be depended on. They tom, is market day in a given market make good, strong citizens of the Re- town, where from many villages and from neighboring market towns as well

FROM MANY LANDS

come streams of people to do their trad- service.' We find that atheistic and maing. Into these market days practically terialistic ideas and ideals are rapidly all the business of the month is concen- becoming widespread among the edutrated. Crowds throng the streets for cated and younger generations. We find several hours. These may be addressed the government recognizing a great as one sees fit. Toward evening these need and appealing to the religious leadlisteners, bearing the day's message and ers of the country for help. What ansome Christian literature, scatter in swer shall we make?" every direction to their villages and homes, recounting to their friends the Memorial Services for Dead incidents of the day. For the dissemination of the Gospel a better and more ONE of the taunts flung at the newly natural arrangement could scarce be made Christian in Japan used to conceived. be : "You Christians seem to have no There is another form in which the regard for your dead. Our people es- teem our dead and offer sacrifice to market center serves the same purpose them at stated intervals." As an anin south China, as actual experience and swer to this sneer, Japanese Christians church records show. These market have instituted memorial services on the town Christian groups suffer much in anniversary of the death of their loved membership by transfer to other places, ones. A simple Christian service is but while the membership of the parent held, with only members of the family group is kept small by this natural present, and outsiders are thus given process, the result is the springing up proof that the Christian's dead are still of a numerous progeny which, in many held in tender memory.

instances, soon become larger than the IlleR]s of Japanese Boys parent. The business population of the market town is of a transient and often A CERTAIN primary school prina roving nature. Branch shops are cipal in Japan has twice canvassed opened and the business men move about the pupils in his school at an interval of among a number of these towns, at ten years. In both instances he asked home in each. Thus it is that the Gos- what they considered to be the most pel is carried from place to place by this precious thing in life, and what they believed as to immortality. The first natural process. inquiry was made in 1906 and the sec- JAPAN-CHOSEN ond in 1916. The replies as to the most What Shall He Japan's Ideals? precious thing in life were as follows: REV. MORTON D. DUNNING, 1906 19 16 of Kyoto, Japan, sees in the grants Life itself …………….. 41% 63% which have been made by the Japanese The Emperor …………… 33% 5% Government to mission schools a desire Father …. ……………… 5% 2% for help and guidance along ethical lines. He says: Mother ………………… 3% 3% Money ………………… 16% 0% "Here, then, is the situation: we have a proud, sensitive and highly civilized Uncertain …….. …. .. .. … 1% 25% The replies as to personal immortality give the following result: people entering our modern world life, 1906 1916 with little conception of the Christian The soul continues living after 63% ideals which form the core and alone death ………………… 53% 9% The soul ceases to exist. ….. 28% make possible the existence and contin- The soul merges with the uance of our modern civilization. How earth ……………….. ". 18% 1% little the most fundamental Christian Uncertain …… …………. 0% 27% ideas and ideals are known to most of The tendencies revealed are most sug- the Japanese people is evidenced by the gestive, as there seems to be an enhanced fact that there is no word or phrase in feeling of the value of life, and a fall in the Japanese language to express what the sense of the unique value of the Em- we mean by the words 'Christian peror. The lower relative standing of

money is a surprise, and in direct con- one morning for prayer he put his sixty tradiction to the growth of materialism. books in a Standard Oil box and with a There seems to be a stronger faith in sack to receive grain (in lieu of the personal immortality, accompanied by a cash price. of the gospels) started out. greater degree of agnosticism. In his own village he sold the whole sixty before breakfast. One Lord-One Faith Winning Korean Students THE Pierson Memorial Bible School at Seoul, Chosen (named in mem- REV. G. M. BURDICK, a Metho- dist missionary in Seoul, Korea, ory of the late Rev. Arthur T. Pierson), is endeavoring to become more and writes of having baptized seven senior more a bond of union between the va- class students of the Suwon Governrious missions at work in Chosen. ment Agricultural School. These young "Why," asks the Rev. James S. Gale, men come from several different provof that station, "should we spend one inces. He goes on to say: "One of the atom of strength in propagating West- teachers, who was educated in Japan, is ern historic differences among these peo- a Christian. He brought to the bapple when the whole world is dying for tismal service a group of inquirers, and those essentials that we all claim to showed me a list of over forty students give? In these days of the world's su- who are Christians. Though the school preme trial, when true Christianity is is three miles from our church, most of being tried as by fire, the non-denomi- the students attend regularly; and they national Young Men's Christian Asso- have a special Sunday-school class all ciation has been as a camp of angels their own. More than this, they conround about the wounded, bleeding duct a student prayer meeting. Still anhosts of Europe, winning approval of other government school in Korea gives war office, generals and soldiers alike, instruction in silk-worm culture. One illustrating the beauty of Christianity pupil is sent from each county in the disassociated from sectarian differences. province. Both the Japanese and Ko- The Pierson Memorial, following the rean teachers are Christians. All the example of him whom it commemorates, pupils attend one of our nearby churches. will do everything in its power to make When so many people are anxious about one body of Christian leaders." the Korean government's attitude toward the teaching of Christianity, es- How the Koreans Give pecially in the public schools, it is cheer- ing indeed to note these signs." THE Korean Christians are proving as faithful in systematic giving as AFRICA in many other forms of Christian ac- A Unique A_uIet tivity. A recent report tells some of the methods employed. The women MRS. R. W. CALDWELL, of are taught to put aside a portion of Cairo, sends an incident which rice and other grain each time they prepare a meal and bring it each Sunday illustrates the naturally superstitious in a special little sack. Men and boys temperament of the people: are instructed to weave a pair of straw shoes each week during the leisure hours "Our delta boat 'The Allegheny' was of an evening and bring them as an tied up in the river near the town of offering. These plans were heartily B-. The workers on the boat went adopted by many churches. over into the town, held a little meet- ing and gave Sabbath-school picture A young leader of another small Ko- cards to all the children who were presrean church, becoming ashamed of his ent. One little boy who received his church's lack of zeal, obtained seventy- card was sick. The doctor told the five gospels from Andong, put aside fif- mother of the child to bring him to the teen for other members, and kept sixty boat next day and that he would treat for. his own task. Rising before dawn the boy and relieve his suffering. So the following morning she came and the

FROM MANY LANDS

child was wearing a little brown leather rica. Twenty-eight young men were bag tied to his hair above his forehead. recently taken under care of presbytery The mother said that she had put the of Corsica as candidates for the minislittle picture card, which had been given try, and one was restored who had to the child the day before, into the dropped out because of sin, making leather bag and tied it to his head for twenty-nine in all. Virtually all of a charm, believing tpat it would cure these young men were from the Efulen the child of his disease and that no and Elat districts, where war conditions harm could corne near him while he were very real. wore this bit of paper." Two churches now just a trifle over Prison Work for WOHlen two years old and served almost alto- gether by native workers received dur- IN Assiut prison a meeting for the ing the year upon examination one women prisoners is regularly con- thirty and the other eighty-six. They were both in the midst of the war zone. ducted by Miss Sabeen, one of the One has a membership of 159 and the Syrian teachers in the Girls' Boarding other 267. Another church usually School. This is the only prison in all served by a missionary received sixty-six Egypt where such work is done for during the year on profession of faith. women, and it is a very real success. This congregation had an average at- One afternoon Miss Sabeen heard tendance of 500 persons at Sunday dreadful screams and threats coming morning services, although the missionfrom one of the large rooms, and be- aries were compelled to leave the work fore her meeting was finished the ma- for a time on account of the war. tron sent for her. She found sixteen women engaged in a hand-to-hand fight, Another church, a child of the Elat some threatening to murder others, and church and served by a missionary, rethe matron could do nothing with them. ceived last year 387 persons upon ex- Taking a firm grasp of one of the most amination. This is sufficient for a reexcited women, she asked her, "Who spectable-sized church itself. And, gave life?" and after the answer, "God," although this church is but a two-yearshe asked why they should take life. old, it now has a membership of 937 After talking to them for some time members. In connection with the church they became more quiet, but all the there are fifty-nine points where regular time tending to restlessness. She told services are held during the year, and, them that she would stay all night j but in spite of war going on around them, in unison they protested that she they contributed over $2,000 out of couldn't sleep there j and then she ex- their poverty toward the support of their plained, "No, none of us would sleep. work. Ve would just sit down here to talk and pray." Needless to say, she did not Good News froIn the Congo have to stay, for they saw how intensely earnest she was, and began to realize A WRITER in Regions Beyond sees their wrong, so that it was not long be- much cause for thankfulness in the fore they were quiet. The Moslems in developments of recent years on the the prison listen as readily as the Chris- Congo. tians, but at first it was difficult for her to get the permission to teach the Mos- "One of the greatest evils on the lem women prisoners. Congo is polygamy; and in regard to this the State has come to our aid. They Chureh Growth in "Dnrkest AII'lea" have not vetoed polygamy j it would not be wise if this were done all at once, THE brightest hope for the Church but they are doing everything they can in the mission field is in the devel- to encourage monogamy. When there are twelve families, the men of whom opment of native leadership. One of have only one wife each, they are althe most cheering reports comes from lowed to make a fresh village, with a the Presbyterian Mission in West Af- chief of their own, and they are given

land and varieties of tools with which time. 'No,' yelled the Chief, 'you lie, to cultivate their ground. When a for too well I know what these Chris- monogamist has four children living he tians believe. Did they not teach me is exempted from all taxation. when I was a lad? You ask me to beat them, do you ? Yes, I will beat those "Women, who are the hewers of Christians on the very day when you can wood and drawers of water and who come and tell me truly that they have are allowed to be sold and resold in left Christ and returned to their evil Congoland, are practically given the ways. Then will I beat them for such right to-day to say what they will do. a crime.' So was there rejoicing in the No polygamist may claim identification camp of the Christians that night. Pray papers, and a woman may leave her hus- for all such, as they work out their des- band to return to her father. In the tiny in the darkness." event of her father not wanting her back (because he will have to pay back the Education in South Africa money that was paid for her) she has the right to come to the State or mis- IT is more than seventy-five years sion station, and we have the right to since Lovedale Institute, the great protect her until she finds the husband center of industrial education built up of her choice. by Dr. Stewart, was opened. Since the school, which has always been open to "Then there is the town of Loka, a all races and classes, received its first town where cannibalism was carried on students, a long line, now totalling to an extreme point. Burying people many thousands, have studied in its was unknown. If a person died in any class-rooms, dined in its refectories, part of that village, the drums were worshipped in its services, worked at its sounded and the people came and chose benches and played on its campus. what part of the body they wanted to When Lovedale set out on its history eat. To-day there is an out-station there were probably not a thousand nathere, with a native evangelist supported tives attending school in all South Afby the native churc:•." rica; to-day the number is almost a quarter of a million. In 1841 schools Tile Chief'.. Answer were rare, and of native teachers there were practically none. One of the DAN CRAWFORD, writing of a many developments at Lovedale is to be visit to the North made by one of seen at the hospital, where native girls are being trained as nurses to work the native pastors, says: "There he found amongst their own people. a genuine group of eight young men going on steadily and soberly for God. The new South African Native Col- Then along comes the Devil's eldest lege at Fort Hare is a joint undertakdragoon, Persecution, and a secret society ing of the Government and the Mission. attacked The Eight because these latter The United Free Church of Scotland had the temerity to expose the dark do- provided the site for the college and an ings of this cult. With a degree of initial gift of £5,000, pledging itself frankness that makes it impossible for further to an annual contribution of the me to record a single syllable of it, these interest on an additional £5,000. The brave men gave the Devil away utterly college is within sight of Lovedale. At and unalterably. Then the storm burst the opening exercises native chiefs were on their devoted heads-a storm of abuse present from Basutoland, Bechuana· in which the air was rent with horrible land, Swaziland, the Transvaal and the execrations, and a rush made for the Free State. General Botha, the Prime faithful Eight, who, in their way, were Minister of the South African Federathus co-sufferers with Christ. They tion, delivered an admirable speech and were seized, tied up in bark ropes and left a substantial subscription to the indragged off to the Chief for royal per- stitution's funds upon his departure. mission to drown them. But they had come to the wrong man at the wrong

FROM MANY LANDS

The college will aim to provide the na- The Bible in the Philippines tive churches with well-trained ministers. It will have a training school A RE the Filipinos progressing under which will supply the school system of Protestant influence? No one can South Africa with negro teachers. mingle with them and contrast their present condition with what it was a ISLANDS OF THE SEA few years ago without thanking God for the change. For 300 years Spanish TA Chapel for Lepers priests sought to Christianize the people HE Mission to Lepers has issued the of the Philippine Islands. Their work following appeal for a chapel for was in many cases devoted, but they atthe leper colony in the Philippines: tempted the process without the Bible.

"This large colony, certainly the larg- Before the American flag was hoisted est leper community in the world, is lo- in Manila translation or distribution of cated on the island of Culion, where either the Old or the New Testament the American Government is carefully was forbidden. Teaching it was taboo. isolating all the lepers of the Philip- A sort of metrical version of the account pines, and is, moreover, giving them ex- of the last days of our Lord was read at cellent accommodation and attention in the celebration around Passion Week, every way. but that was about all that the people received in the line of Bible instruction. "It is not, however, within their When Admiral Dewey entered Manila province to provide for the spiritual the Bibles were stored away in Singapore. teaching of the lepers. That devolves They were soon brought to the islands. upon missionary effort, and we are desirous of providing for this great leper Recently two missionaries reported community a suitable place of worship. having sold over 400 copies of the Gos- Contributions should be addressed to pels in two evenings spent in one village. our American or British offices." Andrew- Murray of South Africa Enthusiastic Eye-witnesses NEWS has just been received of the A USTRALIAN soldiers and sailors death of Dr. Andrew Murray, now doing garrison duty in Polynesia have had good opportunities to see President of the South African Genthe effects of missionary work on the eral Mission, a minister of the Dutch natives, and they have been especially Church in South Africa, and the author impressed by the honesty of the people. of many well-known devotional books. Dr. Murray was born on May 9th, Rev. J. H. Margetts, of New Britain, 1828, in South Africa, and died at the age of 88. He was of Scotch ancestry, Polynesia, quotes a conversation be- and when nine years old, accompanied tween two soldiers, one of whom says, his elder brother to Scotland to complete "I never thought there could be such his education. He then returned to his an honest people on this earth," and the home in Graaf Reinet, Cape Colony, in other replies, "Yes, the other day the 1848. Since that time he has devoted boys were being paid for having done himself to the minIstry of several some work. One boy accidentally re- churches, to missionary work and writceived more than his due. Instead of ing books. He was married to Miss keeping it he brought it back, saying he Emma Rutherford, the daughter of a had got more than he was entitled to." merchant of Cape Town, and they have given a large family of children to the Mr. Margett says further: "A mid- ministry of missionary service. Dr. shipman came to us soon after the out- Murray has made several visits to Engbreak of the war and said he had writ- land, and attended the Northfield Bible ten home to his minister, asking him to Conference in America in 1895. Thoubook him to give an address before the sands of Christians all over the world Brotherhood on the work of foreign are indebted to him for his powerful missions in New Britain; another, a spiritual messages. sub-lieutenant, did the same thing."

MISSKONAJRY UlBS1RARY

The New Map of Africa (1900-1916). A pean chancellery, such as its junior History of European Colonial Expansion and member might derive from seniors of Colonial Diplomacy. By Herbert Adams the staff.

Gibbons. Maps, demi 8vo. xiv-503 pp. The book answers some questions on $2.00 net. The Century Company, New which the man interested in missions York, 1916. might wish for light. Two or three The title is somewhat misleading, for samples will give a fair idea of the vol- the six maps are not prominent, nor are ume as a whole. Uganda, the scene of they remarkable in execution or accu- such marvelous missionary triumphs be- racy. The sub-title is the true one and came a British protectorate ifnirs1t 8d9e4~adbey indicates the valuable features of the right of exploration! The volume. The dates, 1900-1916, are not ?f this century was. r~quired to bring exact, since the author must take into Its less than three mIlhons under direct account the years of the last century, British administration. One section in some cases tracing the history back Baganda, is still under native rulership' to 1850. Still another emphatic nega- the Christian King Daudi being its wis~ tion is the fact that this is not a romance sovereign. "The British Government"

and was never intended for light read- Mr. Gibbons asserts, "has organized the ing. One must be vitally interested in country, spent large sums of money on the progress of the world and in Euro- it, and brought it into railway commu- pean expansion or his interest will flag nication with the outside world. But before he reads a hundred pages. For to the French Catholic and English the person who enjoys political prob- Protestant missionaries is due the unique lems, especially of the colonial type, this place of the Uganda natives in Africa.

is the book for him-perhaps the best Unless they are given the moral foun- in its line relating to Africa, as it is the dation upon which to build, material latest. prosperity that comes with European The author takes each political di- control is to aboriginal races certain de- vision by itself and discusses its original struction-a rapid disappearance follow- acquisition and then as augmented by ing deterioration."

treaty, understanding, or virtual con- Who are the great men of Africa?

quest, like German Southwest Africa. "Both Livingstone and Rhodes were Under these broad categories he intro- doers as well as dreamers. They were duces the reader to industrial and po- pioneers in fact, and not in fancy. But litical conditions, especially in Negro as we look back upon their life work, Africa and the sub-continent. For his we see that their ability to fire the im- information he has grubbed diligently agination of their fellow countrymen among government papers of the dis- and to inspire others to join in the work possessing European Powers-the texts they were doing has meant more to of treaties, official correspondence, con- South and Central Africa than their sular reports and parliamentary debates, actual achievements." Such were two papers of chambers of commerce inter- of Africa's heroes.

ested in the continent's exploitation, And here are the author's closing articles on African sociology, annual lines: "A regenerated, democratic Ger- registers, year books, and all that arid many, cooperating with the rest of Eu- type of literature so somnolent for the rope and America in the work of devel- average citizen, but made readable by oping and civilizing the world, will be Mr. Gibbons. He has personally vis- born out of this war, if internationalism, ited only a limited section of Africa, and instead of nationalism, and the higher the general impression is that here one interests of humanity, instead of the has the intimate information of a Euro- particular interests of the strongest, are the rulers of the Peace Conference. mISSIOnary era which began in 1872. The happiness of our children, in a In that year he made his first visit to world where peace and harmony reign, the ancient capital Kyoto, which was to depends much upon the new map of be the scene of his greatest work for Africa." the empire. During the years interven- ing before 1875, he was busied with lan- Davis, Soldier-Missionary. A Biography of guage study and itineration, which brought him into contact with men Rev. Jerome D. Davis, D.D., Lieutenant- whose later help was essential to the accomplishment of his educational plans Colonel of Volunteers and for Thirty-nine and through whom Japan's best Chris- tian College for Women, at Kobe, was Years a Missionary of the American Board of enabled to strike down its taproots. The hymnology of the Japanese Church Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Japan. and its first original tract found in Dr. Davis their author. In a training class, By J. Merle Davis. 572 x 8 in. Illustrated, which was the forerunner of the later Theological Department of Doshisha 8vo. Pages, vi, 347. $1.50 net. Pilgrim University, he had gathered and taught his twelve disciples. Self-support and Press, Boston, 1916. self-propagation of the infant Church also found in him an ardent advocate Colonel Davis was one of the "three and leader. mighties" of the group of Japan missionaries who were his contemporaries. But it was, in Doshisha University, on His early military career was an asset the diagonally opposite side of the park among a people who are so martial in from where the holy and dread Mikado their aspirations and it had set its mark had once resided, that Dr. Davis' major upon his character and bearing. His energies were to be spent in connection theological views were too orthodox and with the empire's most eminent Christoo little up to date to satisfy most of tian, Joseph Neesima, educator and misthe Japanese scholars of modern criti- sionary statesman. I ts first session was cism and philosophy; but the sturdy held in Neesima's home on November loyalty to truth and out-and-outness of 29, 1875, when six students presented the Christian kept him from losing in- themselves and all took part in the first fluence, even though some wholly dis- exercise, a prayer meeting. The evoluagreed with him in religious views. tion of that institution, with its birth pangs, growing pains, successes, defeats His son has done an excellent piece and final coronation, have never been of work with very unusual material. told so admirably as here. Dr. Davis In the first nine chapters he narrates and his Japanese yoke-fellow needed all the period of preparation and the years the diplomacy and persistence and devoof warfare which covered the last four tion that could be derived from their Alof the Civil War. The color bearer at mighty Father. Both were men of Shiloh who turned the tide of battle by faith, and the two-swarded samurai was holding his ground and singing "The matched in the combats that were chron- Union Forever," while £ve of his color ically waged against manifold enemies guard lay dead or wounded about him, by the colonel of our Civil War. That and who was as interested in the spir- institution has done more for Japan's itual and bodily needs of his fellows as Christian enlightenment than any other, any chaplain, was foreordained to finish and its history as here recorded is most his career as the "Boy ColoneL" He absorbing. carried to the seminary and to "Hell on Wheels" in the Rockies, where he served Through the throes of Japanese Chrishis missionary apprenticeship, all the tianity's struggle with Occidental critimarks of a good soldier of Jesus Christ. cism and ultra-liberalism the author conducts us, with his father always the And these marks he bore to Japan, there to continue his warfare in different ways. When he reached Kobe, his first station, in 1871, the edict boards making the profession of Christianity a capital offence had not yet been removed. He was thus ready to take advantage of the dawning of the new

defender of the older views and gradu- Human Leopards. By K. ]. Beatty. Illusally finding himself officially worsted. trated. 8vo, 139 pp. 5S. Hugh Rees, Ltd., Though interrupted in his teaching in London, 1915.

the liberalized seminary, his work was Not long ago a supposedly learned not at an end. His evangelistic efforts anthropologist suggested that a large were constant and his grip on men who portion of the African Continent be set honored his unswerving devotion to aside as a preserve in which the Africans truth as he saw it made him useful to might be kept in their beautiful primitive the end. This volume is one of the simplicity, uninfluenced by the European very best repositories of Japanese Church or American traveler, the merchant or history in the making that has yet ap- the missionary. What this beautiful peared in biographical form. primitive simplicity is may be seen from Renascent Latin America. By Harlan P. the record here presented of the inves- l Beach, D.D., F.R.G.S. 12mo. 25 8 pp. 50 tigations of the special British Commis- cents. 1916. sion into the practices and purposes of Here is an appetizer for the full reports of the Latin-American Congress the "Human Leopard Society" of Sierra held at Panama last February. As a popular story of the Congress, the vol- Leone. It is a disgusting and gruesome ume describes the preparation for the gathering, gives a digest of the various record, but one that shows clearly the reports of Commissions, quotes from the principal addresses and summarizes the depths to which man will descend when important features of this epoch-making Conference. It is time that Christians uninfluenced by the message and power in North America came to realize their responsibility for the Southern republics of God. . and the opportunity offered by the present rapprochement. This human leopard society capture and eat their victims, probably with the idea that they are thus increasing their virile powers. They take their name from the fact that they wear leopard skins in approaching and seizing their victims. The British have imposed heavy penalties on those who even pos- sess such skins or are connected in any Soldiers of the Prince. By Rev. Charles E. way with the society.

Jefferson, D.D.

This is the book for boys to study. How to Learn a Language. By Thomas F. It should be in your home, in your pub- Cummings, D.D. 16mo, 100 pp. 541 Lexington Avenue, New York, 1916. lic library, in your Sunday-school. Try it with Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls Dr. Cummings, the Director of Mis- on six successive Saturday or Sunday sionary Linguistics in the Bible Teach- afternoons out in a quiet woodland. ers' Training School, New York, has Make the heroism and courage of the prepared this compact little volume to soldiers of the Prince as real as that of explain the phonetic inductive method the armies devastating Europe. Set for foreign language study. It has been against universal military training for pronounced by experts to be exceedingly our little lads the splendid opportunities valuable in the learning of any foreign for preparation for the conquest of the tongue. Dr. Cummings explains the world for our Prince of Peace. The mastery of pronunciation, how to learn peace of the future depends less on con- to speak, the use of various parts of querors and king and kaiser than on speech, and learning to read. The mothers, who may substitute ideals of method here explained has been used peace for the horrors of war. Will you successfully, not as a laborious system of mothers and Sunday-school teachers "re- memorizing individual words and rules cruit" a class during the next few weeks of grammar, but adopting the child's and do your bit for our King and His method of learning a language by hear- cause? ing it spoken. SECONDING JEAN MACKENZIE'S MOTION MISSIONS would seem to be com- months of 1916 it had reached 4,074, ing to their own in public interest with more received than during the en- tire previous year. Mr. Dager says of through such writers as Miss Mac- the "trail-hitting": "There is a most kenzie, whose "Black Sheep" is a near careful training for church membership. "best seller," and who is liked well Preliminary to any public profession of enough to be pursued by the Atlantic faith there must be acknowledgment to Monthly, as well as by the women en- the person wronged of such sins as are trusted with the writing of mission against their fellow men as well as study text-books. Her motion would against God. This means a woman seem to be to the effect that the negro must tell her husband of her unfaithis an intensely interesting woman or fulness. The thief must tell what he man, and that all one needs is to know has stolen to the person from whom it him or her in order to believe in the was taken. Restitution must be made, race most thoroughly-and to love it. and when the catechumen is right with Her motion is most interestingly sec- his fellow men, as well as with his God, onded in the January World Outlook. then only is he enrolled. In this first Fourteen striking articles, several pages class he remains for a year under inof most perfect half-tones, Miss Mac- struction and pastoral oversight. Then, kenzie's own story, "The Host in the after a searching test, he is promoted Hut," and suggestions for using the into the advanced catechumen's class. month's issue for African propagandism, Another year of probation. Then constitute the most effective twenty-five comes the final test, which, if satisfacpages of missionary promotive literature tory, makes him a member of the that we have ever seen. church. Members secured through this process are those whose lives uphold the N at to dwell on these articles, a faith they profess." paragraph may be given to one of them, written by Mr. William Dager, upon To such a community of believers is the wonderful work of the Presbyterian left the care of the Elat church, and Board in Elat, Kamerun, or rather the this is what that means. It is their mighty working of God as illustrated business to evangelize the outlying reat that mission station. The article is gion, and not the concern of the misprefaced by a picture of heads upon sionaries. Hence monthly collections heads, and heads into the remote back- are taken to pay Bible readers to carry ground of a vast building, for Elat is the Word and the Book to all within a place where Billy Sunday is not needed reach, and the local communities where to get people to come to church. No these Bible readers are stationed are other Presbyterian church in the world asked to erect their own chapels. A has a typical Sunday congregation of native working force of 126, entirely four thousand, and this one was built supported by one church, is a record by the negroes themselves–the Bulus perhaps. Contributions for the purpose of whom Miss Mackenzie so fascinat- have risen from $105, ten years ago, to ingly writes. On April 2, 1916, the quarterly communion of this church $4,544 in 1915-a steady advance exwas attended by 5,300 persons and 500 cept in 1912, when it fell, owing to the people were baptized at one service. fact that during that year the contribu- tions and service of the congregation Do you add, "Yes, but this is a sort were used to erect the church building, of 'hit the trail' performance, with seating 4,000. The work is so well plenty of 'black sheep' among the flock"? established that even war cannot stop Look at the facts in the case and then its triumphal progress. Thus, in 1915, judge of the superficiality of Kamerun when the Allies' forces were engaged in conversions. The first open profession the struggle that drove out Elat's Gerof Christ in that church was on Christ- man masters, at the January communion mas day, 1899, and the organization 8,000 people were at church and 450 was effected in October, 1902, with a were baptized and received into the membership of six. Six years ago it membership. The Word of God is not had increased to 182; in 1914 the num- bound, and Elat is another sign of the ber had grown to be 2,528, and in 1915 times.

it was 3,596. During the first six A Converted Chinese Soothsayer BY MISS FLORENCE M. REID, TSCHOWFU MISSION I N a village eight miles from Kaoping, vided for us at New Year's will not China, lives a fortune-teller who heard forsake us, if we are faithful to Him." a little of the Gospel for some years. He "If I could see two pints of grain in the and his wife both smoked opium. He pot, I would trust Him, but the pot is read well, and studied the New Testa- empty, and we have nothing." "Will ment. He heard that God would an- you really trust Him, if He puts two swer prayer and save people from their pints of grain in the pot?" "Yes, but sins, and determined to break off opium where is the grain to come from?" "I by prayer. He had no money to buy do not know, but God does." They medicines, and though he suffered much, went to bed hungry that night, but he he got rid of the habit entirely. Later still prayed and trusted. Next morning they were surprised by a call from an he persuaded his wife to do the same, old friend living miles away, whom they had not seen for years. There was a praying with and encouraging her, till native doctor of some repute living in the village, and the friend had brought she also won the victory. Then his mind his sick boy to be treated. "Can you take us in for a day or two, old friend?" became troubled about his fortune-tell- "How can we?" the wife whispered. "We have no food for ourselves and cering, for he felt he could not be a Chris- tainly none to offer them." "God will provide," answered the husband. "Come tian and continue to deceive and terrify in, friend, and welcome!" The visitor turned to his cart, carried the sick boy, people. He lived chiefly by telling poor, in, laid him down, returned to the cart, and brought in a large basket of flour ignorant mothers that their precious and a big bag of grain. "You will cook for us and for yourselves, please." The baby boys were under a malignant spell, husband looked at his wife, but said nothing. For three days they shared the which would destroy them, but that he visitor's food, till the sick boy had im- proved so much that they prepared to would save them if they paid him well return home, taking medicine to complete the cure. The cart was brought to the and obeyed his instructions. door, the boy stepped into it, and the He spoke to his wife, but she discour- father followed. The host lifted the basket of flour, now half full, and the aged him, saying: "We are poor enough bag, which still contained more than a now, and if you give this up we shall peck of grain, to place them on the cart. "Keep them, old friend; they are not have nothing." He replied: "God says worth the trouble of taking back; we He will give us what we need if we seek have plenty more at horne. And many thanks for your kind hospitality." The righteousness, and this fortune-telling is visitors left. "Now will you trust God, wife ?" "I will, indeed, and serve Him, unrighteous. I ought not to do it." She too. I'll unbind my feet at once." She could not trust, and her lack of faith did so, and came with her husband to the Christian services. He is working hindered him. Toward the dose of the hard at any kind of honest labor, includ- ing field work, for a Christian farmer. year he felt that he must give it up. Everywhere he testifies to what God has She said: "What shall we do for New done for him. Pray for him! Year's?" He replied: "God will pro- vide." For many days nothing came in, and they were living from hand to mouth till their last cash was gone.

Then, in the last days of the year, a man who wanted some important papers writ- ten, called him in, and he did the work so well that he handed him 2,000 cash (about 85 cents), sufficient to buy what they would need for the New Year holi- dbuasyis~eslasstiisngdoanbeo.ut two weeks, when no He went home joy- fully, saying: "See what God has given us. Shall we not trust Him fully?"

But the 2,000 cash were spent, the food eaten, and again want stared them in the face. "Go and tell some fortunes, and buy us some food," said the wife.

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WITH APOLOGIES The book reviewed in "The Missionary Library" section of our February number, "The Literary History of Spanish America," was made by the "printer's devil," who has been unusually active, to appear as "The Literary History of Spain." On the Table of Statistics, published in our February number, the heading for one column was changed. The usual column included in our statistics is that of "Communicants received during the year," but by mistake the figures printed in this column were those for "Adherents not Communicants." The date for February 28th on our "Missionary Calendar" should read "Birth of Mary Lyon, of Mt. Holyoke Seminary, the teacher of Fidelia Fiske, of Persia."

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD iD writing to advertisers New Books on Missions Christian Work in Latin-America. Report Modem Missions in the Far East. A Report of the Panama Congress for 1916. 3 by William Adams Brown. Pamphlet, 76 volumes, 556 pp. Missionary Education pp., 1916. Movement, 1917. The First Page of the Bible. By Fr. Bettex. State Socialism After the War. By Thomas 89 pp. F. C. Longaker, 1916. J. Hughes. 12mo, 351 pp. $1.50. George W. Jacobs & Co., 1916. America and the Orient. By Sidney L. Gulick. 16mo, 100 pp. 25 cents. Mis- Rational Orthodoxy. 565 pp. $1.50. Funk sionary Education Movement, 1917. & Wagnalls Co., New York, 1917. Sand Table Work in the Bible School. By Is Christianity Practicable. By William Charles H. Auld. Pamphlet, 31 pp. 50 Adams Brown. $1.25. Charles Scribner's cents. Standard Publishing Company, Sons, New York, 1916. 1916.

A Yankee Major Invades Belgium. By Presbyterian Hand-Book. III pp. 5 or 10 Wallace Winchell and George Taggart. copies, 25 cents, postpaid. Presbyterian Octavo, 209 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell, Board of Publication, 1916. 1916. Bible headers and Christian The People Who Run. By Violetta Thurstan. 12mo, 174 pp. $1.00. G. P. Putnam's W~l»rl,el's 5elf.H~ltlp Hand Book Sons, 1917.

The Living Christ for Latin America. By J. H. McLean. Pamphlet, 198 pp. 35 cents. Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1916.

CHURCH Calalogu~ini.ter..

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MAX CHARLES PRICE, Architect. SUCCESSOR TO BENJAMIN D. Be MAX CHAS. PRIOE ATLANTIC HIGHLANDS, NEW JERSEY.

Some Clearance Cut-Price JUST OUT – – Opportunities – – TALKS on TALKING A FEW GOOD BOOKS AT REDUCED FIGURES By GRENVILLE KLEISER To Make Room for New Publications A NEW BOOK ON AN OLD ART Forward Movements of the Last Mr. Kleiser deals with this art in Hall Century, By Arthur T. Pierson. Nineteen Chapters, intended for pro- D.D. Regular price, $1.50. Clearance .. $0.95 fessional speakers, preachers, and the general public interested. Scientific Side-lights, By J c. He considers the various types of Fernald. L.HD. Regular price, $5.00. talkers, the phrases they use, the value Clearance …………………….. 2.95 of an attractive voice, the avoidance of mannerisms, speaking in public, and Church of Christ, By a Distinguished general conversation. He holds that Layman. Regular price, $1.00. Clearance .65 CORRECT SPEECH IS OF THE GREATEST Holding the Ropes. By Belle M Brain. IMPORTANCE TO EVERY CLASS OF Regular price, $100. Clearance……. .65 PEOPLE.

Home 01 the Soul. By Rev. Charles 12nto, Cloth. Price, 75 Cents, Net Wagner. Regular price, $1.20. Clearance .70 Average Carriage Charges, 8 Cents Economic and Moral Aspects of FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Pubs. the Liquor Business. By Rev. Robert Bagnell. Regular price, 75c. Clearance .50 354.360 Fourth Avenue, New York P06talle will be paid on eaclt. book at its Clearance Price. All are cloth·bound FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers 354·360 Fourth Avenue, New York City Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THIl WORLD in writing to advertisers I I · !!II Missionary Personals t11 II !~ REV. WILLIAM TAYLOR WARD, who is in America on furlough, is Superintendent of the Anglo-Chinese School at Medan, Sumatra. His father, the late Rev. Charles Benjamin II !~ Ward, went out to India as a missionary under Bishop William Taylor.

~~ ~~ ii DR. JOliN DIXON has announced his intention to retire from the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions on which he has been for sixteen years an associate secretary, and for two II years a coordinate secretary.

THE REV. JOHN H. ELLIOTT, D.O., who spent two years as Principal of the Australian Ii Chapman-Alexander Bible Institute, has accepted a call to become the Extension Superin- tendent of the Northwestern Bible and Missionary Training School of Minneapolis. He ~! entered upon his new duties February 1st.

II REV. GEORGE P. HOWARD has made a two·months' visitation of the West Coast of South Ii America for the Vorld's Sunday School Association. He has had an opportunity of studying II the problems of each school with teachers and superintendents. Mr. Howard spent a week in Callao and Lima, Peru, and held crowded meetings every night.

i! II MR. RALPH C. NORTON, who represents the Belgian Soldiers' Evangelistic Campaign, has been very successful in arousing interest in work for Belgians. He is returning to England II after having secured some large subscriptions. ~~ JOSHUA STARK HELMER, Secretary of the China Inland Mission at Toronto, Ontario, died 51 on December r6th and was buried at Lockport, New York. He became identified with the China Inland Mission in 1888, and was associated with its work for twenty-eight years. ,iHj I,Ij REV. RALPH WELLES KEELER, D.O., has been elected director of the Bureau of Pub- licity of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal II Church. BISHOP and MRS. BASHFORD have recently returned to America from China, where II Mrs. Bashford developed a serious illness. II MR. HARRY A. KINPORTS, who has been developing miSSIOnary interest among the young people of the Reformed (Dutch) Church for about ten years, has severed his official Ii relations to the missionary work of the Reformed Boards in order to devote his attention to his business. ii II ~! REV. D. R. MACKENZIE, of Livingstonia, is gIVIng up his work on account of his own ~~ and his wife's health. Mr. Mackenzie joined the mission in I901; in 19II, he was trans- ferred to Karonga, where he greatly developed the work.

Ii DR. G. CAMPBELl, MORG.~N, pastor of Vestminster Chapel, London, has resigned ii i~ because of ill health, and will occupy the pulpit of a Congregational church in Mel- Ii bourne, Australia, for one year.

~~ REV. FRED P. HAGGARD, D.O., formerly Home Secretary of the American Baptist For- II…. eign Mission Society, has recently returned from Petrograd, where he has been for about six months in direction of the international Y. M. C. A. work for prisoners of war in ~! Russia .

~! B ~RON MORIMURA, a wealthy Japanese Christian, has given $100,000 to establish a professorship of Christianity in the Imperial University of Japan, which has been a center II of agnosticism. Baron Morimura furnished the means for a newspaper evangelistic cam- It II paign a year ago.

iH TOKE OGURA is a daughter of the first Japanese convert to Christianity. While her f ather was pilot in the Yokohama harbor some books fell overboard into the sea. II One of them was a copy of Robert Morrison's Chinese translation of the Bible. The if Japanese pilot, being able to read Chinese, went to studying the book and was converted II by it. Another of his daughters is the wife of Admiral Togo.

iii II~i NUBAR PASHA, the European representative of Kevork V., CathoHcos, Supreme Chief of the Armenian Church, sent a check for $10,000 to the American Committee for Armenian " and Syrian Relief.

:.,_•: ;. .: MR. JAMES G. LEITCH, missionary teacher in the Blythswood Institution, South Africa, has succumbed to wounds received in action in France.

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