The Missionary Review of the World — May 1916

FOlQ

MISSIONA~Y FIRES 1. In the recent evangelistic campaign in Japan the cooperation and unity among Christians of all denominations has imprest the Japanese as especially noteworthy. (See page 341.) 2. Afghanistan is a great Moslem land from which Christians are excluded. It rr.ay be evangelized most probably through the Kafirs, an Aryan and non-Moslem race. (See page 329.) 3. The Konds, an ignorant and superstitious hill tribe in South India, have legends of their own of a world flood, and of the origin of different languages. (See page 367.) 4. "Hallelujah Kim," as a noted Japanese evangelist is called, is having re- markable success in evangelizing his fellow countrymen. He is also called the Japanese Moody and the "Billy" Sunday of Japan. (See page 335.) 5. The lack of transportation facilities has hitherto greatly hindered the evangelization of Turkey. The roads and railways which have now been built for war needs may yet become highways for the Gospel. (See page 322.) 6. Many Moslems are not worshipers of one eternal God. In Malayasia, for example, Mohammedanism is overlaid with superstItIOns con- cerning animistic deities, Hindu gods, and Persian and Arab demons. (See page 347.) 7. The decision of a company of fishermen to keep a "thank-offering jug" on their summer holiday led in unexpected ways to a total contribution to foreign missions of $268.25. (See page 375.) 8. The province of Yucatan, Mexico, has a progressive. who has instituted reforms in connection with liquor drinking and public education. (See page 385.) 9. Native Christians in many parts of India are being aroused, as never be- fore, to their responsibility for the evangelization of the entire country. The South India United Church has definitely undertaken a three years' campaign. (See page 390.) 10. Last year the baptisms in the Church of Christ in Japan, an organization composed of seventy-two self-supporting churches, equaled 10 per cent. of the total membership. (See page 341.) 11. A Chinese general, sent with his troops to dispose of the bad characters in a district in Szechuan province, visited the mission schools and ad- drest the pupils, using his own pocket Testament. (See page 394.) 12. Permission was freely given, in a Mohammedan school in Cairo, for the distribution to all the pupils of an Arabic "Boys' Life of David Living- stone," prepared under the auspices of the World's Sunday-school Asso- ciation. (See page 395.) The Japanese evangelist who has been compared to .4DiIly" Sunday because of his popular methods and the la rge results of his work. The remarkably interesting fac ts of h is conversion, entrance into Christian ,vork, contact with D. L. lIoody and Hev. V il 1iam .A. Sl1nda~', a re to.l d on pages 335·-33 9 . ISS) RY EVIE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX, No.5 MAY, 1916 Vol. XXIX, No.5 Old Series New Series 11111 IIII!!II "'

THE PLIGHT OF TURKEY present crisis. But it looks as if she STARVATION, conquest, revolu- were fast approaching collapse.

tion all threaten the government The missionary enterprise in Tur- and people responsible for the iU- key is not, however, approaching treatment of the Armenians. "With collapse; with hundreds of thousands the Russians victorious in Armenia, of dollars invested and many mis- with defeat attending the Egyptian sionaries still at their posts and God campaign, with impending union of on His throne, we believe that the best Russian and British forces in Meso- days for Turkey are to come.

potamia, with her German ally ren- In the midst of the crisis Ambas- dering small aid, and with internal . sador Morgenthau has been a faith- dissensions weakening her counsels ful protector of nine nationalities, and policies," says the Missionary besides all the American interests.

Herald, "the Ottoman Empire seems His diplomatic career has been con- to be tottering to a fall." Rumors spicuously successful and satisfactory are persistent that Turkey is seeking to the governments and their repre- to make peace with Russia, tho there sentatives.

is no intimation that the Czar will Mr. Morgenthau, who has recently break the agreement between the Al- returned to America on furlough, has lies that they will not conclude a spoken highly of the character, cour- separate peace. It has happened many age, ability, and work of the mis- times before that Turkey seemed on· sionaries in Turkey and the institu- the eve of disintegration. It may be tions they have established. He is that she will find a way out from her equally optimistic with reference to The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit .of Christ in the pages of this REV1EW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EnIToRs.

the future of the work, declaring pital in Erzroom was started by Mrs. that greater results are to be expect- Stapleton. There is also a girls' ed in the future than have been ex- high and boarding school, whose perienced in the past. grounds adjoin those of the Persian consulate, and a large boys' school in At a serious diplomatic conference the heart of the city. with the Turkish leaders upon the subject of the cruel treatment of Ar- In Trebizond, Dr. and Mrs. L. S. menians, Mr. Morgenthau was con- Crawford and the American consul fronted with the question, "Why do (Mr. Helzer) have been probably you, a Hebrew, so strenuously inter- the only Americans in the city. The est yourself in the protection of school teachers were in Europe on Christians?" Mr. Morgenthau re- vacation when the war broke out, plied: "It is true I am a Hebrew, but and have not been allowed to rethe United States is 97 per cent. turn. Christian and 3 per cent. Hebrew, and I represent that country. There- In Bitlis are a boys' high and fore, in my official capacity I am 97 boarding school and a seminary for per cent. Christian and 3 per cent. girls, known as the Mount Holyoke Hebrew." School. Last fall, Rev. George P. Knapp, principal of the Academy, There have been persistent rumors was forcibly removed under Turkish that Mr. Morgenthau will not return guard, and taken to Diabekir, where to Turkey, but at the present crisis his his death was immediately anresignation would be little short of nounced. The stories of his passing calamitous. His work in Turkey is are very contradictory. Mr. Knapp's' highly praised by the missionaries. removal left Miss Myrtle Shane and Miss Grisell McLaren alone in charge MISSIONS IN CAPTURED CITIES of the station and of the many wo- men and girls who fled to the mis- RUSSIA has recently captured sev- sion for protection. At length, their eral cities in Asia Minor where charges were driven away, their sup- plies ran low, and they were not perthe American Board has established mitted to send any messages out of schools, hospitals, and colleges. Erz- the city. Then the American Amroom, Trebizond, Erzingan, Sivas, bassador sent a government kavass Van, Bitlis, Diabekir are cities or dis- to Bitlis, and, under his escort, the tricts in which missionaries of the two ladies went to Harput, there American Board have worked among joining a larger station. non-Mohammedan peoples for nearly a hundred years. The story of the siege and evacua- tion of Van is well known, and the In Erzroom, the fortified city kindness of the Russians in taking the which the Russians took by assault, Americans, several of whom were two Americans, Rev. Robert S. Sta- dangerously ill, or exhausted, across pleton and Dr. Ida M. Stapleton, the mountains with the Russian hoswere working. Mr. Stapleton re- pital corps. mained in the city, while Dr. Stapleton, his wife, had probably gone with Sivas, another important point in her sick refugees to Erzingan, an the Russian itinerary, has, ordinarily, out-station of the Board. The hos-

I6] SIGNS OF THE

about 30,000 inhabitants, and is the the station under special permit, she capital of a vilayet having, in times was conveyed in a carriage over a of peace, a population of some 996,- fine military road. In November a 000. Here the American Board has railway was opened from Jerusalem a hospital and large graded schools to Beersheba, continuing the line and a teachers' college. It was to which had been completed from Sivas that Miss Charlotte Willard Afuleh Junction on the plains of Esfollowed a group of 40 Armenian draelon. This in turn connects with girls deported from Marsovan Mis- the Hejaz Railway at Deraa in the sian school and by the use of elo- Hauran, and thence to Damascus. quence and money-especially money At Reyak on the Damascus-Beyrout -brought them back to Marsovan. line, change is made to the standard gauge road which passes Aleppo and HIGHWAYS FOR MISSIONS connects at the Euphrates with the Constantinople-Bagdad line which WHILE the missionary problem the Germans were building before in almost every field has been the war. It is stated that the great tunnel at the Cicilian Gates, west of greatly simplified by the introduc- Tarsus, is now open and that the tion of railways, telegraphs, tele- Turks are rushing forces and muniphones, posts, and other modern tions by almost unbroken steam roads facilities for transportation and com- far into the desert on the Egyptian munication, the missionary in the border. From the Hejaz line, con- Turkish Empire has plodded on a necting Damascus with Medina, a half-century behind the times. Abdul spur is said to be driven into the Hamid finally adopted the telegraph Sinai peninsula past the Gulf of when he found he could use and Akiba. control it; but he forbade telephones and to this day there is no public Isaiah's vision of a highway from telephone service in Jerusalem and Egypt to Assyria through Palestine many other Turkish cities. Rail- for religious and commercial purways were admitted piecemeal. poses is being realized for purposes of war. When the war of the kings When the war broke out, however, comes to an end and the campaign Turkey discovered that she was of the King of kings has right of handicapped. She had no system of way, these highways of war will berailways, and but few roads over come highways of the Gospel. The which artillery could be transported. Lord is evidently preparing the way Thousands of men unfit for the in these Moslem lands for more army were compelled to build roads speedy evangelization. linking up cities. Thousands more, under German engineers, hastened to COUNTER REVOLUTIONS IN CHINA complete the missing links in the Constantinople-Bagdad railway. Miss N° sooner had President Yuan Gummoe in charge of the mission station in Beersheba, rode to Hebron Shih Kai signified his purpose to on a donkey over a rough trail when become Emperor of China, than the her' station was closed in October, mutterings of revolutions in many 1914. Five months later, visiting parts of the country persuaded him

to announce his determination to re- back with his money to Hankow, fuse the crown, and maintain the re- Twenty years ago Dr. MacGillivray public (March 22d). In Mongolia, was not even allowed to pass through in the north, in Yunnan and Szchuan the city. Violent attacks were made in the west, and in Canton in the on Christianity in books printed by south, the revolutionists have been es- the gentry. Later the blocks used in pecially active. printing these attacks were publicly Evidently China's troubles are not burned by order of the government.

at an end. It is to be hoped that the To-day a great change is noticeable great republic will learn from unhap- in this anti-foreign and anti-Chris- py Mexico to choose some other way tian city and province as a result of than unending revolutions to effect medical work and other demonstra- reforms, select its rulers, and deter- tions of Christian love. Recently mine its governmental policies. Dr. MacGillivray was invited to Kai- The progress of Christianity in fengfu, and found many external China is necessarily affected by the changes, such as electric lights, mod- instability of the government and the ern police, large schools, and mis- unrest of the people. This very un- sionary institutions. The city officials rest, however, is a sign of the desire welcomed him at a dinner in one of for something better, a hope for re- the public buildings and the Chinese form, a search for the remedy for students and gentry attended the political, social, and individual evils. evangelistic meetings in a' body.

The crowds that attend Y. M. C. A. Other cities of Honan show a similar and other meetings, the multitudes transformation and readiness to weI- .

that listen to the missionary message come missionaries to government and buy Christian literature do not schools, and even permit the holding prove that China is turning to Christ, of evangelistic meetings in temples but these things do show clearly that and public buildings. The students China is groping for the light, is of all the modern schools in China feeling the need of power, and is are especially accessible to Christian ready to listen to the claims of Jesus influences. China is moving onward Christ as the Savior of China. and the missionaries believe that no change of government or recrudes- TWENTY-FIVE YEARS IN HONAN cence of Confucianism will stop its THE Can a d ian Presbyterian progress.

Church entered the province of oFIFTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN NIAS Honan in 1888, in response to a call N account of the war the Rheinfor help in time of flood. Two years later a regular mission was ish Missionary Society was un- established there but the capital city, able to celebrate its fiftieth anniver- Kaifeng, was not opened to the sary of work in Nias with much en- Gospel until after the Boxer up- thusiasm. Missionary Denniger, as rising in 1900. When Mr. Goforth the first messenger of the Gospel, en- arrived with money for famine re- tered Gunning Sitoli, on the north lief in 1888, the people of Kaifeng shore of Nias, September 27, r865.

would not receive him and sent him The work at N ias passed through

OF THE

severe tests of patience and many their field. Six men and six women, sacrifices, but after nine years of therefore, sailed from New York on labor the missionary was able to April 8th, on the way to West Africa.

baptize in the first station twenty- Letters from Elat (dated January five people. After twenty-five years 24, 1916) give a full account of the work there were three stations and occupation of that station by the Al- about eight hundred converts. To-day lied forces. The German govern- there are thirteen main and one hun- ment had requisitioned the mission dred and eighteen out-stations, and industrial plant for an ammunition the field is worked by sixteen mis- factory, and the American mission-· sionaries and two or three unmarried aries and their belongings were sent ladies. The success of the work is to Metet and nearby villages outside very encouraging, for out of 130,000 the war zone. From Makalat, as inhabitants over Q,795 are members headquarters, Mr. Dagar, one of the of the church. In one year 2,049 missionaries, continued to superin- heathen were baptized; and there tend the work. He writes: "I went are 8,210 catechumen in training for on Tuesday to Nko'o Etye', eleven baptism. The number of inquirers miles from Elat, on a road free from is the highest in places where the any military activity, and we had a power of heathendom seems to be good communion service, which was least broken, and the whole island attended by 2,359 people, and at seems to be open to the Gospel. The which I baptized 71 people." Other most gratifying reason for the prog- plans were interrupted by the military ress of the Gospel lies in the co- activity of Allied forces. The mission- operation of the native Christians, ary work, while hampered and re- when the work of the spreading of the stricted, has never been even tem- Gospel was laid before the native porarily abandoned.

church during the year results were When the French entered Ebolo- immediately forthcoming. The elders wo'o on January 19th, the missionaries went out into the heathen villages were necessarily in a trying situation.

and surrounding territories to give the While the advance of the Allies was Gospel to their heathen countrymen, anticipated, and the Germans were and the number of inquirers grew withdrawing in haste, the rapidity of in all stations. As another result, the drive made the last few days a seven of the elders offered them- hasty flight.

selves for training as evangelists. Two days before Ebolowo'o was MISSIONARIES RETURNING TO taken, at the request of the German WEST AFRICA government, the missionaries took over thirty-one sick people, which LETTERS recently received from number was about doubled in the Elat, West Africa, report that next two days. The missionaries re- since the occupation of this German ceived, by their request, several hun- Kamerun country by the forces of dred war prisoners as refugees.

the Allies in January, the way has These increased in number, so that been opened for the American Pres- there were fully one thousand refu- byterian missionaries to return to gees under their care. The pri$Qners

were mostly women and children, organize sub-committees composed of and old, or incapacitated younger, members of the Central Conference men. They had been taken from Committee and such other persons as places near the war zone, lest they that committee may coopt; that aid the Allies with supplies of food, among these sub-committees be the or because they had given such aid. following: The Central Committee on The return of peace will be a great Christian Education; The Central blessing to the natives. Committee on Christian Literature; The Central Evangelistic Committee; COOPERATION IN PORTO RICO The Central Missions Committee.

FOLLOWING the Latin-America The conference also exprest its be- Missionary Congress in Panama lief that the time has come for a re- adjustment of forces at work in the a regional conference was held in island, and to this end proposed an Porto Rico ( March 16th to 20th). island-wide survey of the religious, This conference adopted some im- social, and economic conditions from portant measures looking to the fur- the point of view of the responsither extension and efficiency of bility of evangelical agencies. Christian work on the island. The interchange of church-mem- 1. That "The Evangelical Union of bers among various denominations Porto Rico" be formed, composed of was also urged, and a prompt enthe evangelical denominations em- listment of all evangelical Christians braced in the Federation of CJlUrches in the work and fellowship of the in Porto Rico and such other bodies churches of their community, so that as adhere to the Scriptures as the the essential unity of all believers Word of God, to the scriptural doc- may be magnified in service and trine of the Trinity, manifest the Christian brotherhood. spirit of Christ,' and seek to apply His principles to their lives and to It was recommended that the claims society, so far as these bodies may of the students of the University of desire to enter the Union. Porto Rico be presented to the Inter- national Committee of the Y. M. C. A. 2. That a Central Conference and the National Board of the Y. W. Committee of the Union be formed C. A., with the earnest request that to consider the problems common to they undertake the task of meeting all the evangelical bodies, seek to the social and religious needs of the unify and coordinate their forces in students, furnish dormitories, and common endeavor, and plan together minister in other ways to their wellfor the complete Christianization of being. the island and the eventual projection of its life to other regions. The need for aggressive evangel- ism was especially emphasized, and, 3. That general conventions of ill view of the strong, convincing apthe Union be held at such intervals peal, secured only by united action, of years as the Central Conference the committee was requested to or- Committee shall deem wise. ganize and direct an evangelizing team to give at least three months of 4. That the Central Conference 1916-1917 to a united campaign. Committee of the Evangelical Union

EVENTS

May Apr. 30th to May 2d-United Brethren Missionary Conf., Bowling Green, O. 1st-The 100th anniversary of the birth of Fidelia Fiske, 1816. 2d to 5th-Hebrew Christian Alliance Conference, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th-Universal Bible Sunday. 8th-The lOOth anniversary of founding of the American Bible Society, 1816. 12th to 16th-Inter'l Conv. Young Men's Christian Assoc., Cleveland, O. 14th-The 25th anniversary of the death of Bishop Valpey French, 1891. 17th to 22d-Southern Baptist Convention, Asheville, N. C. 17th to 24th-Northern Baptist Convention, Minneapolis, Minn. 21st-The 25th anniversary of the death of James Gilmour, 1891.

June 2d-The 15th anniversary of the death of George L. Mackay, 1901.

2d to 5th-Inter-Church Conf. on Christian Cooperation, Atlantic City, N. J.

4th to lOth-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Miss., Oklahoma City, Okla. 6th to 16th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Blue Ridge, N. C. 7th to 14th-Conf. of missionaries of Pres. Ch. in U. S., New York, N. Y. 14th to 20th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Miss. Minnesota, St. Paul. 23d to 30th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. 23d to July 3d-Woman's Summer School of For. Miss., Silver Bay, N. Y. 14th to July 25th-Summer Term, Bible Teacher's Training School, New York. 26th to 30th-Convention Anti-Saloon League in America, Indianapolis, Ind. 26th to July 6th-Missionary Education Movement Coni., Blue Ridge, N. C. 29th-The 120th anniversary of the birth of John Williams, 1796. 30th to July 9th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal.

July 4th-The 35th anniversary of the opening of the Tuskegee Institute, 1881. 5th-The 60th anniversary of the birth of Ion Keith-Falconer, 1856. 7th to 14th-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Boulder, Colo. 7th to 16th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th-The 210th anniversary of landing of Ziegenbalg and Plutschau in India. 10th to 17th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Vermillion, O. 14th to 21st-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Northfield Mass. 14th to 28th-Missionary Education Movement Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

15th to 24th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Missions, Princeton, N. J.

16th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of John E. Clough, 1836. 17th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 17th to 24th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Pen Mar, Pa. 17th to 24th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Ridgeview, Pa. 20th-The 75th anniversary of the founding of Lovedale Institute, So. Africa. 21st to 28th-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Northfield, Mass.

ILLUSTRATING RUSSIAN ADVANCE IN

By permission of Cap tain LJ'on, author of "Afghawista.., the Buffer State" AFGHANISTAN IS THE MOUNTAINOUS BUFFER STATE BETWEEN RUSSIAN TURKESTAN AND BALUCHISTAN; BETWEEN PERSIA AND BRITISH INDIA

A GROUP OF AFRIDIS TRAVELING IN

A Land Closed to Christians HOW LONG MUST AFGHANISTAN REMAIN CLOSED? BY DR. M. K. S. HOLST, MARDAN, N. W. FRONTIER PROVINCE, INDIA FGHANISTAN is one co~ntry valueless for agricultural purposes. It also is very difficult to mA ~ of the few la,nds, still traverse and almost impossible to entirely unoccupied by govern satisfactorily. The climate, as messengers of Christ. may be gaged from its physical . It has been recognized characteristics, is variable, with ex- ~ by Great Britain, more tremes of heat and cold. Many of especially in recent years, as a great its valleys are as uninhabitable in the independent "Buffer State" sand- hot season-when the deadly simoon wiched in between her Indian pos- is prevalent, as are the mountainous sessions and the Asiatic dominions districts during the winter months, of Russia. when they are like the arctic regions. The population outside of the few Afghanistan has a territory almost towns is consequently largely nomadic.. twice as large as the British Isles and is administered by a ruler, called Who Are the Afghan.? "Ameer." The country consists of a square, mountainous, irregular The people of Afghanistan number plateau, about 220,000 square miles only about five million souls. They in area, at altitudes from 3,000 to are not all Afghans, as one might 5,000 feet aoove the sea-level. It is suppose, for the term was erroneously intersected by ridges of great height applied by foreigners to denote the and valleys of varying breadth, thus rendering the greater part of the

territory ove.r which the Durani Chief could long retain the Throne of holds &way. In that territory the Kabul.

Afghans are neither the most ancient The tribes occupying the central nor the wealthiest inhabitants, but, mountainous zone are of Mongol owing to the common use of the ongm, relics of the invasion of term by Persian and Indian authori- Jhengiz Khan. These Hazaras, as ties, the Ameer now styles himself they are termed, have always main- King of Afghanistan. tained a degree of independence which The original Iranian stock of the is a source of annoyance to the country is to be found in the Tajiks, Afghan Ameers, who find it diffictllt who are closely allied to the Persians to penetrate into their mountain in language and habits, and who are fastnesses. They are a sturdy, wiry hence known as Parsiwans. These are race and make excellent workmen found in Western Afghanistan, prin- and soldiers, many of them being cipally in the District of Herat. The employed in the Indian army.

tr ue Afghans, as distinguished from Another section of the population the affiliated Afghans, are those of which, until nearly decimated by the the Durani tribes who call them- armies of the Ameer a few years ago, selves Bini-Israel and claim descent always retained its independence, from the ten lost trib~s, who were occupies Kafiristan between the 'Kabul carried away from Canaan into cap- and Chitral rivers. These tribes are tivity by Bukhtunasar (Nebuchad- remnants of divers kinds, speaking nezar). The Durani betrays distinct many dialects, and having absolutely traces of Hebraic origin, not only nothing in common with the Afghans in his traditions and family nomen- or Ghilzais and little to do with clature but even in his facial char- each other. They are of Aryan stock acteristics. and have never, as a people, em- The Duranis are the most numer- braced the Mussulman faith. Hence ous of the Afghan tribes and are the their name "Kafir" which signifies most warlike and fanatical of all the "infidel."

tribes, and have retained the chief Where Women Are Sold power by their prowess, religious en- thusiasm and control of the best arms The position of women varies and ammunition. They inhabit among the Afghans. It is true that southern Afghanistan, particularly girls are sold, but a father of a good the district of Zamindawar, and were family, in the Yusufrae District, originally known as AbdaH, the term where the writer works, does not sell Durani dating only from the days of a daughter to the highest bidder. He Ahmed Shah. The tribe has three is proud of his social position and main divisions to one of which the wishes his daughter to marry into a Barakzai, or present Royal house, family of similar stan~ing and above founded by Dost Mahomad, belongs. all into the Durani tribe to which he Another important tribe is that of belongs. Intermarriage between two the Ghilzais, who are the traders of families goes on for indefinite periods.

the community. They are powerful The writer knows a family where a and, without their support, no Ameer Khan married his first cousin. His

A .LAND CLOSED TO CHRISTIANS 33

two sons married their mother's removable by his sovereign will. The sister's two daughters, and a daughter whole system of Government is married the mother's sister's son. feudal, and only the iron hand of the The Khan's wife died and he married Ameers, ruthlessly employed, has his niece, the first wife's brother's kept in proper subjection the hetero- daughter. Another Khan who had an educated daughter able to read and write four languages married her to a cousin unable to read, because it was difficult to find another hus- band of equal rank and proper age and because the father promised her when she and the cousin both were infants.

Some of the Khans or Chiefs have several wives, some only one. In the latter case her position is very much higher in the home. The Mardan District is quite "in the jungle." Few women are able to read and most are given in mar- riage at the age of sixteen to twenty.

They do not keep pace with the Panjab in India, where girls are being highly educated, yet they too have a will of their own and among the higher classes some of them ab- solutely refuse to marry, but re- TWO PATHANS OF AFGHANISTAN main in their father's or eldest geneous elements composing the brother's house as companion to the state. lady of the house. The women of the working class are in purdah, but ( I ) North of the mountain belt not very strict. They cost about and between it and the northern RS3-4OO ($Ioo to $I30) 'and their frontier, is the province of Afghan chief duty is to see that their hus- Turkestan. (2) Northeast of the band's food is well cooked and to Turkestan province is that of Badakbear children. I f childless, another shan, the ancient Bactria, long coveted wife is taken and the first becomes by Russia and added to Afghanistan the drudge of the family. by Dost Mahomad in I859. The three remaining provinces are named The Key to India from their principal towns Herat, Afghanistan is divided into five Kabul, and Kandahar.

provinces or districts, each of which Herat used to be called the "key is ruled by a Governor, to whom the to India," but of recent years its various tribal chiefs and jirgahdars importance to Great Britain has dim- are responsible. These governors inished owing to her improved po- are appointed by the Ameer and are sition in Baluchistan.

Kandahar, the southern province, of the lake. For Afghanistan's is of most importance to Great safety as an independent state Great Britain. Maxwell Gordon considered Britain has made herself responsible the city of the same name the best and in return, the Ameer has under- place for beginning missionary work. taken certain obligations. Habib Kabul, the capital and the seat of Mullah Khan succeeded to the Af- its sovereign and supreme govern- ghan throne in Igor, and a special ment, is about 100 miles north of mission to Kabul under Sir Louis Ghazni. It is on a plain over 7,000 Dane in 1904 was cordially received.

feet high, and is a dirty, unsanitary As a Miaaionary Field city, surrounded by high mountains with the gorges of the Kabul river If the strategic importance of Afleading into fertile valleys beyond. ghanistan politically is beyond dis- pute, then also it must be of great The Picturesque Ameer importance as a missionary center. Rightly did the pioneer missionary Since 1883 the reigning Ameer has of the Church Missionary Society to received from the Indian Govern- the Punjab say when the Quetta ment a subsidy, which was originally Mission was founded : "We want to twelve lacs of rupees annually, but tttilize these people to bear the flag was increased to eighteen lacs in of Christ throughout Central Asia, 1893 (about $600,000). This subsidy to set 1~P the banner which Christ was, according to the words of Lord himself has given to be displayed Ripon, granted to him as "an aid because of truth."!

toward meeting the difficulties in the Claude Field writes in his recent management of his State." book:2 The late Ameer Abdur Rahman, "For over fifty years a Christian who finally cemented his friendship mission has been established at Peshwith Great Britain, "because Russia's awar, on the border of Afghanistan, goal lay beyond Afghanistan, whereas but not one step across the frontier the British would only enter the has been possible. The nearest apcountry in case of the necessity of proach to it was the establishment of self preservation," is said to have a medical dispensary at Lundi Kotal, likened his kingdom to a large lake in the Khyber Pass, in charge of a and himself. to a swan swimming on native Christian, but this has since its surface. On one bank of the lake been abandoned. In 1832, Joseph there lay, watching and waiting, an Wolff, the Jewish missionary, passed old tigress (the British Government through Peshawar on his way from in India), on the other was assembled Cabul and Bokhara, and held disa pack of greedy wolves (Russia). cussions with the mullahs in all three When the swan approached too near cIties. In r840, during the British one bank, the tigress clawed out occupation of Cabul, some religioussome of his feathers, and when he minded officers made a collection of went to the opposite bank the wolves 600 rupees and sent it to Bishop tried to tear him to pieces. He re- Vilson, of Calcutta, toward the essolved therefore to keep secure from both foes by remaining in the middle 1 Church Missionary Review, December, 1908. • "With the Afghans."

A LAND CLOSED TO CHRISTIANITY

tablishment of a mission for the the Brahmin in his temple sound his Afghans. But the English authorities 'sunkh' and gong; the Muezzin on at Cabul nipped the proceedings in his lofty minaret fill the air with the the bud. That there was a certain 'Azan' (call to prayer), and the Civil readiness to hear among the people Government which protects them both is evidenced by the fact that an will take upon itself the duty of proofficer's mUllshi (native teacher) bor- tecting the Christian missionary who rowed his Testament. This was read goes forth to preach the Gospel."

MOHAMMEDAN VILLAGERS OF AFGHAN ISTAN by a mullah to his followers in a Pfander a Pathfinder mosque, who requested to hear it again. A parcel of 200 Pushtu Tes- "The first missionaries at Peshawar taments which had been sent to Cabul were Dr. Pfander, a noted Arabic by the Calcutta Bible Society was and Persian scholar, whose controreturned by the authorities. versial works are still widely read among Mohammedans, and the Rev. In 1853, Colonel Mackenson, the Robert Clark, a Cambridge wrangler. Commissioner of Peshawar, declined ;1r. Clark mentions that on one occato allow any missionaries to come sion when walking a few hundred there. Shortly after he was assassi- yards outside the limit of cantonnated by a Pathan, and Colonel Ed- ments, he met Sir John Lawrence wardes, his succesior, gave the mis- and Sir Herbert Edwardes driving in sion a cordial welcome, presiding a carriage, who ordered him to enter, himself at the opening meeting. In and rebuked him severely for his his speech on that occasion he said: carelessness. Now, fifty years later, "In this crowded city we may hear the missionary can ititnerate at will

all over the Peshawar district. The have been converted; this one fact first Moslem convert was Haj i Yahya outweighs all theories and calcula- Bakir, who had undertaken the pil- tions to the contrary. The most satgrimage to Mecca and Medina. In isfying consideration is that converthe latter place he was convinced by sion is not man's work; the missiona remarkable dream of the superi- ary is sent simply to preach the gosority of Christianity to Mohammed- pel-and no nation, even from a anism. He had heard of Dr. mere moral and political point of Pfander at Agra, and finally found view, need the Gospel more than the him at Peshawar. A few days after Afghans. There is nothing morally his baptism he was found lying sense- controlling in their religion, which less and covered with wounds at the assumes the most dictatorial tone and bottom of the mission compound. A imposes a most strict code of ceredetermined attempt had been made monials and forms, while its moral to assassinate him, but he escaped standards are regarded as coming with the loss of two fingers. from a human source, and hence not binding. They are consequently not "Many who have begun inquiring simply vicious but they plunge into into the truth of Christianity at the very depths of vice. The Afghan Peshawar have gone elsewhere for penetrates into abominable refinebaptism. But a native clergyman, the ments of vice, and searches into first Pathan to be ordained, was for hidden recesses of lust, cruelty, remore than twenty years a faithful venge, hatred, from which even the convert. On his baptism his affianced lowest men in Christian lands would bride was taken from him and given instinctively shrink. to his brother, a grievous insult to a high-spirited Pathan. Once con- While the Gospel of Jesus Christ verted, the Afghans make good mis- alone affords a force sufficiently sionaries, being accustomed to roam powerful to lift the Afghan out of long distances, and also to bear ex- the pit, these abominations present tremes of heat and cold. . . . Al- a huge obstacle to the entrance of a ready one Afghan convert from holy faith. Among other causes of Bannu has done good work at Bah- opposition to the Gospel, are an exrein on the Persian Gulf." treme suspicion of the missionary's ultimate design; an apparently un- The Mohammedan does not look conquerable prejudice against the upon the world with the same eyes, ways, customs and habits of Euronor does he expect the same things peans; an inveterate habit of hairas to his future life, as one whose splitting discussion among the eduvery existence has been permeated cated; and stolid reference to their by the Christian faith. 1£ then, there religious guides among the unlearned. is such a difference between the very There is also an unreasoning bigotry fundamentals of the Christian and and fanaticism, which, at the present, the Mohammedan mind, where is the characterizes the Afghans, perhaps, standing ground from which to work more than any other Mohammedan the lever of conversion? nation.

Theoretically the answer may be (To be concluded.) difficult, but practically it is not. Men

Kim of

AN ACCOUNT OF THE JAPANESE "BILLY SUNDAY"

BY MRS. DELAVAN L. PIERSON ~P UT your whole intellect such keenness for hard work, and into the preparation} such a zeal for souls that we can not wonder at these latest chapters of your whole heart into victory.

, the presentation} your Twenty-five years ago Seimatsu whole life into the il- lustration of your Bible Kimura lived as a boy in the Niigata lesson and your work will be a suc- Prefecture, with an intemperate cess. Such was the advice of a prom- father, a mother, and two brothers.

inent Sunday-school worker to a He was forced to leave home be- teacher-training class. cause of his open confession of Japan is now in the midst of a faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The three-year evangelistic campaign in personality of President Masayoshi which the leading Christians of all Oshikawa, of the North Japan Col- denominations have been putting into lege, in Sendai, attracted the lad, and practise these three important rules. he entered its Industrial Home to The details of preparation have been work for an education. He earned planned with prayerful thought; the his way delivering milk and news- gospel message is being delivered papers, and acting as janitor.

from overflowing hearts, and un- Kimura's zeal for Christ found an selfish, devoted men and women are outlet in a Sunday-school for poor daily illustrating the truths in a children to which he devoted two- way that the people can not ignore. fifths of his entire monthly allowance The personnel of the leaders in of twenty-five cents, and all his this campaign which has for its spare hours. The children loved him, motto: "Christ for the citizens of and among the first fruits of his Japan-the citizens of Japan for labors were two young girls who are Christ," includes missionaries, native now the Christian wives of ministers pastors, college professors, evangel- in Hawaii and California.

ists, business men, medical men, and The curriculum for Kimura was school teachers. hard. Mathematics was his great One Japanese Evangelist, Seimatsu "hill difficulty"; but for two years he Kimura by name, who, because of his worked faithfully, and then, at the revolutionary evangelistic methods, age of nineteen, he set out for Amer- had to be fathered by a loving Barna- ica. He was poor in this world's bas before the inner circle would re- goods but was rich in determination ceive him, has given the most com- to live out the ideals of Christian plete and satisfactory proof of his manhood he had learned at Sendai.

anointing. The history of his life, He wished to be worthy of the con- g~thered from his personal friends, fidence of President Oshikawa and shows such steadiness of purpose, his pastor the Rev. Shimanuki, his and such a high type of honesty, two exalted heroes.

"I came to America," he says, "not Kimura worked through the sum- primarily to make money nor to mer under the direction of Bishop get an education, but to learn how Harris at San Jose, California, and to win souls for Christ." then a grateful church of his own His first shelter in his new country countrymen paid his way to Chicago was a Salvation Army home in San and added a sum besides. At the In- Francisco, and within four hours of stitute he found a scholarship await- his arrival he attended a street meet- ing him, and finished his two years ing and brought one soul to Christ. in June, I90I. He left Chicago. peni- He counted this as God's pledge of. less but baptized with the Holy greater things, and he continued for Spirit and with fire and with a great- five years a faithful worker among er desire than ever to work for God.

his own countrymen on the west In St Louis he conducted a meet- coast of _America. ing in the city jail, and after a short Then came an opportunity which talk on the wonderful offer of sal- Kimura had long coveted. Mr. vation, which had been made and Moody, the prince of evangelists, never taken back, he asked for those visited California, and Kimura, with who would accept the Savior to rise.

a persistency that reminds one of the Seventy-five arose. He thought they Syro-Phoenician woman, followed had not understood, so he made it the great man, and would not be re- still plainer that only those who fused an audience, pleading that he wanted to take Christ for full pardon had come across the sea to learn how of their sins should stand. The same to win souls, and he must not be shut number rose again, and showed such out. earnestness that the jailer allowed an When Mr. Moody was boarding extra hour for personal conversation, his train to meet further engage- and many of those poor men went ments, Kimura was at his side carry- to their cells rejoicing in salvation.

ing his bag, determined to go with Kimura's goal was Japan but as him. The evangelist talked with the yet he had no money for the journey.

young man of his ambitions, and One night in St. Louis he was on the sought to test his firmness of purpose. program with speakers from China Kimura heard of the Moody Bible In- and South America. When his turn stitute in Chicago, and immediately he came, the time had already been ex- decided to take a two-years' course hausted, so that he simply introduced there. himself and his calling, with the "How much money have you ?" words: asked Mr. Moody. "My name is Kimura. I'm from "Thirty-five cents," replied Kimura. Japan and I want to go back to win "Well!" ejaculated Mr. Moody, my countrymen for Christ. I've no "how do you expect to study two board standing back of me–only years on thirty-five cents?" God Almighty. Pray for me."

"Philippians 4: 19," quickly replied After the meeting one of God's the young man. Pleased to the core, stewards slipt into his hand suf- Mr. Moody at once began to plan ficient money to cover his expenses to help "supply all his need." home.

KIM OF JAPAN

H. S. KIMURA WITH HIS WIFE AND TWO DAUGHTERS which is at once a rest and a stimu- lant. So he went to the God of Two other donors added to this Philippians 4: 19 with this need, and amount, and he started for Japan. it was supplied in a wonderful way. On reaching San Francisco, a debt ".".1rs. Kimura is one with her husband contracted by his father confronted in all his work, a woman of prayer him, and he unhesitatingly used four- and faith, and a woman with a clear, fifths of his money to settle it, and ringing testimony for God. took steerage passage for himself with the remainder. This filial act opened With his hands thus newly the hearts of his parents to receive strengthened, Kimura asked to take his message, and they were very soon charge of a run-down church in Kyowon for Christ. to, with a membership of thirty-five. Under his ministry in six years it He began evangelistic work in became the most flourishing church Japan first when the deep and real in the ancient capital. awakening of 1901 was in progress, and led five hundred prisoners of the But wider evangelistic service drew Obihiri jail in Hokkaido to Christ. him forth and once more he started Then for six years he visited the for America. For three months en stations and out-stations of the Pres- route he waited at Honolulu, rebyterian and Reformed missions, and deeming the time with a "mission" did all he could to strengthen the that netted over a thousand souls for hands of the missionaries and Japan- Christ and produced two self-supese pastors. porting churches.

Kimura felt greatly the need of a CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH good wife, who could have that close fellowship with him in the Gospel Built by Kimura, after increasing congregation from 40 to 300

The reports of "Billy" Sunday's Trail Hitters of Tokyo work made him determine to come "In your sermon you talked about to America and study his methods a young man who strayed into sin and message, so that he might gain and you urged him to come home like all he could for his own country. the prodigal son. You told his ex- As a learner and helper he followed periences of sin. I know you meant Mr. Sunday from city to city. Ki- me because I had exactly those ex- mura never became a mere imitator periences, but how you heard about of Mr. Sunday, but he has almost me I don't know. Anyway I have unconsciously adopted many minor come home."

mannerisms of the famous evan- "You saved me from this," says gelist, and has deliberately adopted another young man, drawing a short his plan of campaign. He works ugly sword from the concealment first with backsliders, and then with of his clothing and flinging it on unbelievers. He speaks in the lan- the ground. "I intended to use that guage of the common people, but to-night if necessary. A robber must his words never wound his hear- be well armed. My business, making ers by vulgarity. "Hallelujah Kim," and selling wooden shoes, has all as he was nicknamed at the Moody been destroyed. Shrewd men have Bible Institute, not only shakes hands driven me into failure, and I am left with those who "hit the trail," but with nothing in the world but the always holds an intimate after-meet- clothes on my body. They robbed ing with them. me of my business, so I decided to The Japanese are of "subdued de- rob them to-night. First I went to meanor and introspective tempera- my sister's house to say good-by to ment," and the conservative church- her because I had made up my mind leaders of the campaign of Japan that if my first robbery was success- had grave doubts as to whether the ful I would stay a robber and never breezy western methods of evange- go back among my friends. I told lism would win out with the J apa- my sister I was going away on nese. One week was the limit of business. When I left her I started time for protracted meetings, and for Hibiya Park, where I meant to the short words of the literary class stay until midnight. Then the people were considered the correct language I wished to rob would be well asleep.

of the orator. But "Hallelujah Kim" On my way to the park I came to filled the tent at every meeting for your tent and stept in just to while two weeks and booked engagements away the time. You seemed to be almost as far ahead as the American talking straight at me, as if you knew evangelist whom he so much admires. all about the crime I was planning.

"Cool, cynical, intellectual Japan"· re- You made me see how foolish I was.

sponded, and the whole church re- To-morrow I am going to start life joices in these revivals. all over again. This time I believe The following account of some of I'll succeed because I have help."

the converts is reported in their own He strides out of the tent, leaving words by Mr. Willa:<l Price, who re- behind him the murderous steel shaft cently returned from Japan: glinting in the dust.

"r have been sent here every night for Christ 111 Kimura's meetings are good for something. He brings to keep order," says a Japanese police- about a real contact between the lost man. "At first I thought you were a and the seeking Savior. fool and I laughed at you. But tonight I couldn't hang back any long- An American friend in whose er. It's my duty to be outside this home Mr. Kimura was a frequent minute handling the crowd, but I guest says of him, "The secret of want to declare myself a Christian." his power is found in his faithful prayer life. It is a great joy to study "All the children will buy my beans the Word and to pray with him. It because there 'will be a new tone in is all so personal and so real to him, my voice," says a vendor of baked and he lets his heart overflow with peas and beans. praise so often. At one time, while with us, a friend found him sitting in The prodigal son got work at an a room alone, with an expression of honest job, the almost robber buoy- the greatest happiness on his face. antly reconstructed his fortunes and 'What are you doing here alone, Kidevoted all his spare time to Chris- mura?' she asked. 'I am just sitting tian service, the policeman showed his still and letting God love me,' was interest by purchasing New Testa- the reply." ments which were distributed gratis to converts, while the little vendor Rev. D. B. Schneder, a missionary painted with his own hands and friend who has watched the young erected on the roof of his cart two Japanese evangelist from the beginbig signs advertising the meetings, ning, calls him "a man of great power and then wheeled the cart all over in prayer-of magnetic eloquence in Tokyo, singing as he went, and sold the pulpit, of untiring energy, and a more baked peas and beans than he man with an intense, ever-present pashad ever sold before in his life!" sion for saving men."

The new Christians who come out ONE OF KIMURA'S MEETINGS FOR JAPANESE IN A CHURCH BUILDING

Warld Challenge

America THE CHALLENGE OF FOUR GREAT OPPORTUNITIES BY THE REV. W. F. OLDHAM, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church I. The Challenge of Latin America 1. Mexico is distraught. One missionary can do more for peace than 10,000 troops of soldiers. One Protestant Church in Mexico City has from 500 to BOO attendance. Mexico can not have peace until the principles of the Bible are the concerted program of the land. 2. The Panama Canal is uniting North and South America. In South America the University professors need religious and moral strengthening. The Monroe Doctrine obligates the United States to brotherliness. The signs are clear that South America is waking up religiously. When the heart is touched, South Americans will have self-supporting Protestant churches.

II. The Challenge of the Moslem World Against the Moslem motto, "By the Sword Conquer," we have the Christian motto, "By God's Word Conquer." The miracle of to-day is how a few American missionaries have stood in the midst of the holy war in Turkey and Persia. It is a proof that the Christian message has deeply affected Mohammedans.

More Moslems have been baptized in the past ten years than in any previous one hundred years.

N ow there is to be a Protestant Christian University in Cairo.

III. The Challenge of Eastern Asia .

Japan is the leader of Eastern Asia. It should become the Christian leader.

In the present evangelistic campaign one of the first converts gave 100,000 yen ($50,000) to help the work A Christian woman of a noble house is speaking in the campaign and is elec- trifying audiences.

In Korea (Chosen) there are bigger Christian congregations than ever. In this generation the land may become Christian.

China is still stirring and is seeking the way to become united and strong, without militarism. God is the answer to this problem.

IV. The Challenge of India Henry Martyn said that it was as difficult to convert a high-caste Hindu as to raise the dead. To-day there are many high-caste men becoming Christians. The men of low-caste India are awakening as they learn of the loving Father in heaven. Thirty-seven thousand have been baptized in one year, and 150,000 ar.e asking for baptism, but there is no one to teach them.

The masses in India are beginning to believe that they have been religiously betrayed, and are bursting the bonds of superstition and turning to Christ. These four challenges-the challenges of God-are calling American Christians to proclaim Christ as the only solution of the world's problems and the only satisfaction for human needs.

Work of Christ In

OBSERVATIONS DURING A RECENT VISIT BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions The United Evangelistic Campaign There seem to be no limitations upon this work except those which HERE has always been spring from the fewness of the qualified workers, or from the inrzT l~ a steady emphasis activity or lukewarmness of those upon evangelistic duty Christians who are not awake to in the churches in their duty and the exceptional oppor- Japan, and from time tunities of the present time. The to time there have campaign is now half over unless, been notable special evangelistic ef- as probably ought to be done, it forts. Effective use has been made should be made continuous. of the opportunities offered by expositions. The Taikyo Dendo was The Japanese leaders all speak a fruitful evangelistic campaign of the great gain which has come marking the beginning of the twen- from the cooperation of the different tieth century and now the churches denominations. Mr. Imai, one of the throughout the country are carry- effective preachers in the campaign, ing forward a three years' united formerly a Buddhist priest, concampaign. The staff of workers has trasts the unity of the Christians with not been large enough to make a "the chasms between the sects of simultaneous campaign possible, and Buddhism and of Shinto, neither of meetings, accordingly, have been which could possibly carry on such. conducted in different sections of the a campaign." country on a consecutive plan. There has been no difficulty in securing "Men of the most different views," attentive and responsive audiences says Mr. Uemura, "have been derepresenting any level of society lighted to find that after all they which is sought. believed so many great truths in com- mon, and that there was such joy in We attended a number of the getting together." meetings III connection with this campaign in churches, tents and "If ever in Japan a Union public halls. Almost invariably they Church should develop," said Mr. were crowded, the attention was Miyagawa, "historians will trace it rapt, the people were willing to to a natural; unpremeditated outsit and listen for hours, and when growth of this campaign." expressions were called for, the response would be surprizing. The Many churches have gained in newspaper reports were full and membership and the Church of Christ sympathetic. Great numbers have in Japan rej oiced last year in the exprest a purpose to follow Christ largest number of baptisms that it and larger numbers have manifested has ever had-equaling 10 per cent. a willingness to study the Gospel. of the total membership of the church.

The Japanese leaders speak earn- es not more than one-tenth of the estly of three great needs which the persons whose signed cards were campaign thus far has clearly re- handed to the pastors have come into vealed. church membership." With this r. The first is the need of a more same thought in mind Mr. Uemura distinct utterance of the definite urges that "first and last what is evangelical note. It is significant needed is a larger number of strong to have this emphasized especially by men especially in the ministry. Even Mr. Miyagawa, whose little book, in cities the churches are often poorly "Christ and His Mission," has called manned and it is still worse in the forth some criticism. Mr. Miyagawa country. We need to raise the has publicly declared that "There standard of ministerial candidates must be a far more vigorous, incisive and get more men in our seminaries presentation of the meaning of the with the physique and force and cross and salvation in Christ." To ability of the picked men in the this end, also, it is felt that there is government colleges. Theological urgent need of the raising up of men students should be more carefully with the gift of direct evangelistic selected and not over urged to enter.

persuasion. They should be put through a phys- 2. A second need mentioned is the ical examination and not spoiled by lack of intensive personal work. Of scholarship aid. Let us pray for this Mr. Uemura says, significantly, men, for the harvest is waiting."

"the big demonstrations and mass 3. This need of prayer is em- meetings have by no means been phasized by the Japanese leaders as wasted. They are especially appro- the third great need. "There is priate during the first year, but now one deep conviction which the last we must bear down upon personal few months have brought," says Mr.

evangelism and the thorough nurture Miyagawa, "Man's wisdom can not of seekers. In this we must seek open hearts nor save souls. Only as the aid of the missionaries more we bow before the heavenly Father than in the past. Doubtless it is the and pray for spiritual power to fault of us Japanese leaders that the convince the audience and comfort missionaries have not been sufficiently the inquirers can hearts be won to prominent as speakers and workers. Christ. Whatever results have been I earnestly hope that missionaries will achieved have come from prevailing not only be given an opportunity but prayer."

will press forward without being Two aspects of the campaign are asked." emphasized by the missionaries in "The campaign," says Bishop addition to these points of which the Hiraiwa, of the Methodist church, Japanese leaders speak. One of these "has shown that our pastors have is the activity of the laymen. Dr.

to be trained to train. They do not Fulton says, "The lay element in the yet know how to nurse into healthy church has brought to the front life and to guide on to maturity the both men and women. The call inquirers who come to them. As a upon them as speakers has given result in the majority of local church- them a new sense of responsibility,"

WORK OF CHRIST IN JAPAN

"and the healthful criticism which years for reenforcements. It is not has been received in some cases for necessary to recapitulate the general failing to utter a clear and positive argument which the mission body in gospel will not be lost upon them." Japan has urged upon the churches In the second place the campaign at home, emphasizing the strategic has helped to reveal the growing importance of evangelizing Japan for realization of the country that the the sake of Japan's influence in Asia, old religious forces are inadequate the destitution of the great village to meet the needs of the nation or of populations, the growth of huge human life. At a banquet of promi- cities like Tokyo and Osaka with the nent men entertained at the Imperial needs and proDlems which religion hotel in Tokyo by the evangelistic has to face in such communities in committee, Count Okuma, whose kin- the West, the accessibility and domiship with Christian ideals is perhaps nating influence of the student class, overestimated, in reviewing the half the need of human souls and the need century of modern Christian work in of the soul of a nation for what Japan "not only acknowledged the Christianity alone can do for their large contribution made to the better- guidance and their inspiration. If ment of society, but frankly stated the work in Japan were a stationary his own convictions that no practical or declining work it might be well to solution of many pressing problems let the missions dwindle away, but was in sight apart from Christianity." this is so far from being the case that it is fair to say we have no other In his comments on the campaign field where the needs and the opporthe Rev. Harper H. Coates of Tokyo tunities alike are more compelling. states "the monotheistic trend hitherto kept in the background of Jap- Some of the Boards have been anese thought is gradually finding quite ready to send out new missionexpression among thinkers of light aries to Japan, but the difficulty has and leading and can not fail in time been to find men. The minds of to land men in the Christian Church. candidates have been turned toward Even Abbot Kosui, the recent head other fields. Some of the reasons of the Hangwanji sect of Buddhism, for this have doubtless been the rehas said in a statement widely quoted action from the enthusiasms and unamong the people, Buddhism in fulfilled hopes of the early missionary Japan as well as in India and China advocates from Japan, the feeling is doomed to ultimate destruction for that the Church in Japan was strong it is out of touch with life." In the and able to take care of its own midst of a growing popular senti- work, the idea that Japan itself was ment of which these are expressions now pretty well evangelized, or, at the Christian churches of Japan can any rate, had the main benefits of not feel too strongly the evangelistic western civilization (an idea of incall. creasing strength where the spiritual aspects of Christianity are over- The Need of New Missionaries shadowed by the social and philan- thropic, and where the missionary Conditions such as these sup- motive is humanitarian rather than port the appeal which the missions in Japan have been making for many

evangelical), the fear on the part of and women who know how to love humble-minded men that they were and to work, whose hearts are empty not qualified to meet the situation in of pride, and who will layout their Japan, the supposition that the Jap- lives, without advertisement or meloanese themselves did not want more drama, upon the life of the people, missionaries, the greater attraction realizing that every other specialof other fields, etc. ization is trifling in comparison with the elemental application of the As the result of an inquiry made Gospel to the family life of the by a committee of the Presbyterian people. and Reformed missions it appears that most of the missionaries who New Educational Problems have gone to Japan in recent years Japan is now greatly interest- have done so in response to the effort ed in proposals of educational re- and influence of the mission boards form which are being prest by a and not because of their initial pre- large body of educational progres- ference for that field. There is need SlVes against the opposition of the of careful and continuous work on older men in the Imperial Univer- the part both of the Boards and of sItIes. The reform measures pro- the missionaries coming home on fur- posed, would (it is hoped) open the lough from Japan in the selection and graduate courses of the Imperial calling out of the reinforcements Universities to the graduates of any which Japan must have. There is professional school. This would need for men of as great promise of work a great change for the mission ability and power as can be found. schools, which are not allowed to send There is room, also, for men who do on their higher school stUdents at not think of themselves and of whom present into the Imperial University, others do not think as commanding and which for this and other reasQns leaders, but who are willing to learn find great difficulty in maintaining a hard language, to live lives of love, any higher schools at all. The whole and to preach Christ to men. body of reform proposals is stilI One of our most faithful mission- under discussion, but it is generally aries wrote in a farewell note as we believed that in some form they were leaving, "We want earnest men will be adopted and if· they are the and women (I don't see the need of problem of Christian education will a long list of qualifications), for this be greatly changed.

country work. An earnest man will For many years there has been be heard, and will secure new earnest discussion of the need of a Christian men. I am thinking and praying and University in Japan. The argument looking for this man, a man who be- for such a university and the outline lieves the Gospel and wants to tell it of a plan and constitution therefor to his people. This is 99 per cent. of and a statement of the history of the the qualification. cooperative effort among the missions More than ever I believe this. in Japan to secure such an institution There is room in the mission fields are all set forth in the pamphlet for every gift of mind and character, entitled "Proposed plan for a Chris- but t11e supreme need is for men tian University in Japan," issued by

the Christian University Promoting to the proposed college resources Committee…. Under the new educa- and support which would probably tional proposals the colleges (or enable it, better than any single de- Daigakkos) will take the place of the nominational institution, to meet the Higher School and of the lower needs of the Christian Church and work of the Imperial university, and the nation for the higher education the question has arisen whether the of women under Christian ideals.

missions might not unite in a coopera- The Church of Christ in Japan tive college instead of attempting to build up separate colleges. It is quite IV. The story of the founding clear this will not be possible. since and development of this church is at least four denominations feel that told in Dr. Imbrie's little book, "'The they should develop their own sep- Church of Christ in Japan." It is arate colleges. The Japanese one of the most remarkable Chrischurches are unwilling to merge tian churches which have as yet been their educational efforts of this grade, developed. It has nine presbyteries, so that the only general union in edu- with seventy-two self-supporting cational work that is possible will churches. Indeed it recognizes no have to be in work above the college cht:rch organization as having the full grade of a purely professional or status of a church until it is selfpost-graduate character. If the pro- supporting. In addition to the selffessional and graduate courses of supporting churches .it has 124 other the Imperial Universities are to be congregations, with 51 additional, open now to graduates of Christian which are connected with the affili- Daigakko, then a good part of the ated foreign missions, and which will old argument for a Christian Univer- in time pass over wholly to the Church of Christ. It has now a sity is taken away. Parallel with the movement for a membership of over 25,000, a body Christian University there has been of 160 pastors and 161 evangelists a corresponding movement for the and licentiates, 302 elders and 109 establishment of a Women's Union deaconesses. Of its 463 trustees 58 Christian College. Thus far this are women and 1,166 Sunday-school movement has been able to secure on teachers teach the 16,078 Sundayits promoting committee appointed school scholars. The' total value of representatives from only three de- the Church's property is Yen 615,000 nominations, Baptist, Methodist and ($307,500). Its contributions in 1914 Presbyterian, the latter including in were Yen 112,000, and over Yen Japan both the Presbyterian and the 4,300 were given to its Board of Reformed churches. The proposal is Missions, whose total contributions to unite the higher departments of from all sources, churches and indi- such schools as are willing to join. viduals for 1913 were over Yen This would not produce one women's II,000.

Christian college in Japan, as there Two meetings which we attended are two other denominations whose in Tokyo gave us a clearer idea of purpose is to establish their own the character and influence of the women's colleges, but it would bring Church of Christ. One of these ~as

the meeting of its Women's Mission- Some Problems ary Society held in the beautiful home of one of the leading physicians The church has many grave probof Tokyo, whose wife was president lems to face both within and withof the society. There were present out, such as the laxity of Sabbath women of many social relationships observance, the loss of church-memfrom a viscountess down. It was bership through the migratory habits just such a group of strong, capable, of the Japanese, the provision of an Christian women as might be met in adequate number of strong men one of our women's missionary for the ministry, and the unification boards at home. of their training, the promotion of Christian unity where denomina- The other gathering was at a tional distinctions appear to be fixing luncheon given in honor of our themselves somewhat after the fashdeputation, and the deputation of ion of the sects of Buddhism but the Dutch Reformed Board, at which without anything like their divisivethere .were present about sixty men ness and conflict. and women of the church. There were three members of Parliament, Outwardly, one of the most imthree generals in the army, three emi- portant problems is the strengthennent lawyers and three of the good ing of friendly relationships with the doctors of the city. There was a churches in Korea and China. If daughter of Prince Iwakura who led the Christians of these countries can out from Japan the embassy which not come together in love and trust came back with the purposes and what hop~ is there of the establishideas which have made the new ment of any inter-relations of real Japan. There was the executive sec- friendship? retary of the Red Cross Society, and there were many of the men The Christian girls' schools in Jawho stand at the head of the pan are doing a great deal to promote thought and life of the Christian unity of feeling by the way in which forces of the Empire. It filled one the Japanese girls in these schools with gratitude and with confidence to are treating the many Korean girls. see such a group of Christian men who are studying with them. But and women and to think of the the Chinese and Korean young men church which they represented. hold apart. New measures need These men understand the problems to be devised to make Tokyo with which Christianity has to deal not a place where racial feelin the national life of Japan and in ings are intensified as' at present, the modern world. No inrush of but a center of brotherhood. And ideas or forces hostile to evangelical some way should be found also for truth can surprize them. The Church closer acquaintance and relationship of Christ is a body with which we between the Church of Christ and can rejoice to cooperate in the evan- our Presbyterian churches in Korea gelization of Japan and the Chris- and in Northern China. There is a tianization of its influence in Asia. chance here for large-minded and constructive Christian service which will prove to be a national service on the part of the Church of Christ.

A MOHAMMEDAN MOSQUE AT KUALA LUMPUR, FEDERATED MALAY

Ideas of Mohammedan Malays BY CHARLES E. G. TISDALL, SINGAPORE, STRAITS SETTLEMENT Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society ANY Europeans and base their ideas on an ideal Moham- medanism which is unknown to the IMI Americans who have East. The foreign merchants often never been in the East remain altogether ignorant of what is base their ideas of actually believed by the Mohammed- Mohammedanism upon ans around them or of what is preach- the Koran. Others who ed in the mosques. come to the East for business pur- poses sometimes base their opinion Mohammedanism in Malaysia was of Islam merely on what they see of introduced from Southern India, and a few outward forms and ceremonies, consequently the Malays are Sunnis, such as praying in public, fasting dur- but Persian influence was so great that ing Ramazan, and abstinence from in- Shiah "heresies" are intermingled. toxicants. Such foreigners often form most erroneous opinions of Islam, Thus the Malays pay great respect and are apt to credit the religion and both to Ali and his sons, Hassan and its adherents with virtues they do not Hussein, in the observance of Muharpossess. ram, while in religious law they are Shafeites. The average Malay is not The travelers are apt to overlook aware of the existence of rival Mosentirely the social conditions prevail- lem sects nor of the divergence of his ing when the Koran was written and creed from orthodox Sunni beliefs. the development that the creed has since undergone. Thus they ignore Not only is there mixture of Shiah the real Islam as practised to-day, and and Sunni doctrines among the Ma- lays, but these are on top of and

mingled with older Hindu and Indo- tual, and intellectual level of the avernesian beliefs and superstitions. Un- age modern Malay. like the Christian missionary, who requires a convert not only to give up While the Malay, like all other Moshis belief in idols and tutelary spirits, lems, professes to believe in the One but also to give up all bad habits and God and considers the Christian doclive a moral life before baptism, the trine of the Trinity and the sonship Mohammedan mis~ionary attaches so of Christ blasphemy, he permits this little importance to the spiritual con- great central doctrine of Islam to be version of his proselytes that all he buried under a mass of superstitions requires is a confession of the faith, connected with the animistic beliefs of "There is no God but God and Mo- his forefathers regarding the attribhammed is the Prophet of God." This utes of the Indonesian gods, of the is usually made without any knowl- Hindu divinities, and of the demons edge of Koranic law or any attempt of the Persians and Arabs. to obey Mohammed's injunctions. The converts are at once admitted to Wilkinson well says: "The average the proud position of partakers in the Malay may be said to look upon God great world-wide brotherhood of as upon a great King or Governor, Islam. Not only so but the idolatrous mighty, of course, and just, but too reshrines of their old Hindu and Indo- mote a power to trouble himself about nesian divinities are also accepted as a villager's petty affairs : whereas the tombs of Moslem saints, where the spirits of the district are comparable new converts may still indulge in the to the local police, who may be corworship of the old divinities, under rupt and prone to error, but who take other designations. a most absorbing personal interest in their radius of influence, and whose The Malays are extremely lax in ill-will has to be avoided at all costs." th~ir observance of the Five Ritual Prayers which Koranic law impera- Thus we find the Mohammedan tively ordains that every Moslem shall Malay worshiping and propitiating repeat. On the whole the annual fast the tree-spirit, the four great Indoduring Ramazan is loyally observed nesian spirits of the sea, the rice-soul throughout Malaya; and more pil- at seed-time or harvest, the tutelary grims go from here to Mecca (in pro- spirit of an animal he has slain, the portion to the population) than from earth-spirit when digging a mine, the India, Persia, or Turkey. Such ob- sea and fish spirits when going fishing, servances as the rites of circumcision the malignant spirits of murdered for men and incision for women are men, of women who have died in also strictly observed. childbirth, and of still-born children.

It will, therefore, be seen that the All these represent vengeful souls Malays observe the outward forms and belief in them is widespread in and ceremonies of Islam, while they Malaysia, so that every misfortune, acneglect the inward and spiritual al- cident, or disease is atributed to them, most altogether. In fact the teaching and the pawang or witch-doctor and of the 'Koran and Mohammedan not the Mohammedan priest is invarijurists is far above the moral, spiri- ably called in to exorcise them. This he does by old-fashioned magic dis- guised by an admixture of the nameS

IDEAS OF MOHAMMEDAN MALAYS

of God and Mohammed. Fishermen since the Malay's time is so fully oc- believe in the four great spirits of the cupied with the harmful ones. All Sea, and if things are going well they these spirits are specially potent dur- address these spirits by the names of ing the confinement of a woman, and the four Archangels. If things go all sorts of methods are employed to badly, Sanscrit words are used, and s'care them away, such as hanging when things become desperate, ap- prickly branches over the door, etc.

peals are made in pure Indonesian The pawang or witch-doctor is in terms. great demand by orthodox Moham- The penunggu or tutelary spirit of medan Malays, especially in times of a tree is called a data when the Malay sickness, altho he often appeals open- thinks fit to identify it with the soul ly to Siva or uses such language as of a Moslem saint. And while it is the following: sinful to worship the tree-spirit or the I am the equal of the Archangels, four great Indonesian spirits of the I sit upon God's Judgment-seat, sea as such; to worship God manifest- And lean on the pillar of God's Throne ing His power through the medium of a tree, or to invoke the help of or to of Glory.

offer sacrifice to the four archangels To an Arabian, Persian, or Turk- is quite another matter. All the gods ish Mussulman this would be rank and goddesses of Hindu mythology blasphemy. It is, therefore, evident play their parts in the every-day life that the religion of Islam sits lightly of the Malay, requiring to be con- on the Malays, and is but a veneer stantly invoked or propitiated, while covering their primitive beliefs, while meteors, echoes, rainbows, 'changes of the spiritual side of the ·religion of light and shade in the jungle, and even Mohammed is almost non-existent, and clouds of peculiar shape and color are even the central truth of the Ope believed to be spirits. Then, besides Eternal and Omnipotent God is over- all these, every Malay is assured that looked and neglected.

familiar spirits; such as the pelesit, This is one of the weak spots in the can be generated by magicians and Mohammedan world, and as such kept in captivity to serve the will of should be immediately occupied by a their masters, and can be sent by them Christian mission. Surely a people to inflict the most awful torture on living as do the Malays, in constant their enemies; while the transforma- dread of all sorts of evil and malig- tion of men from the Korinchi district nant spirits would be glad to respond in Sumatra into tigers is considered to the teaching of Christ in a Heaven- to be a matter of every-day occurrence. ly Father who loves them, and who is The whole forest is believed to be seeking to reconcile them to Himself peopled with invisible spirits, ghosts, through His Son Jesus Christ, who and fairies, some of whom may be loved them so much that He died to good, but they are entirely neglected save them.

Mohammedanism robs the mother, the daughter, the wife, of their divinely ordained equality. Nothing can free these lands but a radical reform of the home through the acceptance of Christ.

Hindus Become Christians?

Rev. Robert A. Hume, D.D., of Ahmednaggar, India, states plainly and forcibly the reasons "why more Hindus do not become Christians" and openly confess Christ by identifying themselves with His church.

These reasons apply not only to India but have hindered the growth of the church in every age and in every land.

1. The unchristlikeness of many church-members. 2. The lack of a strong sense of spiritual need. 3. The unworthy motives sometimes suggested for joining the Church. 4. The earthly. cost involved in full surrender and an open stand for Christ. 5. The hesitation of the Church to accept weak and ignorant candidates. 6. The lack of intelligent zeal among Christians in winning men to Christ.

Dr. Hume also gives reasons why some Hindus are becoming Christians. These statements also have a general application to converts in other lands.

1. The Christlike character and example of some Christians. 2. Dissatisfaction with the old beliefs and practises. 3. The compelling power of the character and teachings of Christ. 4. A sense of personal sin and need of forgiveness and cleansing.

The greatest reason for true conversion undoubtedly is the convicting power of the Holy Spirit in connection with the lifting up of the crucified and risen Christ. Many become Christians at heart who have not yet the courage to come out and openly ally themselves with Christ's people.

Signs of a New India 1. The remarkable loyalty of the Indian people to Great Britain. 2. The passing of the old spirit of subserviency. 3. The progress of the social reform movement, as evinced by the increased emphasis on the education of women, abolition of caste, uplift of the deprest classes, and postponement of marriage to a more mature age. 4. Religious unrest, evidenced by the number of new religious movements within Hinduism, and the remarkable mass movements toward the Christian Church. 5. The unprecedented increase in education during the last ten years.

A LATIN-AMERICAN STUDENT CONFERENCE, BLUE RIDGE, NORTH

Mightier than Treaties THE AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON FRIENDLY RELATIONS AMONG FOREIGN STUDENTS BY CHARLES DUBOIS HURREY, GENERAL SECRETARY (1"./~iI.o""'if;r':?) HE presence of five Shall we help to sharpen their intel- thousand future lead- lects but deny them our best help in ers from forty differ- developing strong Christian char- ent nations in the col- acter?

leges and universities Why should we send missionaries of the United States is to their lands and neglect to share a powerful challenge to the Christian our blessings with their student- people of America. This number of representatives now among us?

foreign students is rapidly increasing, Why not win now, hundreds of because war conditions prevent them these selected leaders to Christian life from enrolling in European univer- al)d service on behalf of their people?

sities; moreover, a considerable num- In order to help answer satisfac- ber of students from Europe will come torily these and similar questions, the to us after the war. Probably not less Committee on Friendly Relations than ten thousand students from among Foreign Students has been at abroad will be enrolled in our institu- work for a few years and is now fac- tions within three or four years. ing dema:nds for an expanding pro- What impression shall these stu- gram.

dents receive of our "Christian" civili- Some of the methods employed and zation? results obtained in the program of

friendship among foreign students students to the United States. Thus are indicated in the following para- our committee is able to see that such graphs. students are given a hearty welcome Two secretaries are employed with up~n arrival, and assisted in reaching general administrative responsibility, thelr college, where local committees and two stenographers at the head- give attention to their needs. For ex- quarters' office in the building of the ample, our representatives met a group International Committee of Young of one hundred Chinese government Men's Christian Associations, 124 students in San Francisico, traveled East 28th Street, New York City. with them across the continent, guided Two Chinese secretaries are em- them to their various universities and ployed, with a view to promoting the wrote letters of introduction to 'local work of the Chinese Students' Chris- committees. tian Association in North America. One Japanese secretary is employed Scores of the best Christian homes to give all of his time, as traveling are open annually for receptions to secretary, among the one thousand foreign students. Social gatherings Japanese students, and we have had are usually held separately for differ- part-time service of three Latin- ent nationalities, but several times American secretaries among the two d~ring the year all nationalities mingle thousand students from South and With representative students and pro- Central America. In addition to this fessors. Heartfelt appreciation is ex- staff, our committee receives constant prest by these foreign students in such help from secretaries of student Chris- testimonies as: tian Associations, ministers, government officials, and mission-board "I had a fine time." representatives at home and abroad. "I was never in an American home before." There are secretaries for Korean "We ought to know American stuand Chinese students in Tokyo, and dents better-they are just as good as special lecturers and writers for Chi- we are." nese students and educators in China. "Do you think we will dare go Similarly, there is a secretary and a wrong -now? We signed our names very important work in Italy for Ital- in Dr. K–'s book in his home Friian and other students; also in Aus- day night." tria; also in England, for Chinese and "I met some of my fellow countryother foreign students, as well as men for the first time at Mrs. M–'s secretaries for the needy students in reception." Russia. Scores of letters express ap- Replies to the many hundreds of preciation of the visits and other work letters written by our secretaries inof these secretaries. dicate the value of such contact with lonely students away from home. Here Students and American Homes are extracts from a few letters: Through more than two hundred "To be a weak statesman cir to be reliable correspondents in the prin- a strong educator-to decide with am- cipal student centers of the owfofrlodr~iwgne bition or to decide with the Will of are advised of the coming God-these have been fighting in my

THAN TREATIES

mind for supremacy for many me because perhaps I have no friend months; it was in the Lake Geneva on this great continent."-lapanese Conference in the last battle that God Student in the Middle West. has won."-Chinese student in the Middle West. "What I could say in this time that you help me great deal; I am waiting "I never thought or imagined that there would ever come a time in my so long $20., because I have been sicklife when I would have to call on the material aid of my American friends. ness four weeks in November."- Korean student in a western city.

Traveling and local student secre- CHINESE STUDENTS AT A NORTHFIELD RELIGIOUS CONFERENCE I wish to express my gratitude for taries tell of spiritual needs and per- your efforts. It is my object in life plexities among foreign students.

to work for a better understanding of Some are falling before physical temp- each other, of the different races and tation; others doubt the existence of religions. I honestly believe that the God; others question the superiority time of hearty cooperation has lon~ of the Christian religion. According arrived."-A Russian lew who has to his special need, therefore, we send had no word from his people in W ar- a student, Speer's How to Deal with saw for eight months. Temptation, or Mott's Bible Study for "Your letter imprest me so much in Spiritual Growth, or King's Fight for every way because it bears 'Committee . Character, or Jefferson's Things Fun- on Friendly Relations among Foreign damental, and similar books, accom- Students.' Since I came this country panied by a personal letter requesting the word 'friend' became so dear to a reply after the book or pamphlet

has been read. Here are quotations Summer Conferences from typical replies: Perhaps the supreme opportunity "I thank you for the precious book of our committee is afforded by the at 'The Manhood the Master.' I shall iannual summer conferences. Over read it carefully."-A non-Christian three hundred selected foreign stu- Chinese. dents attended these conferences last "Your pamphlet has brought me June as guests of our committee at great inspiration; I wonder if I could Northfield, Massachusetts; Lake Gen- have the same for three of my eva, Wisconsin; Blue Ridge, North friends."-Influential Japanese stu- Carolina; and other parts of the coun- dent. try. The ten days of study, recrea- "Oh, I wish everybody thinks the tion, and fellowship with the choicest way as is stated in the little book you Christian American students and pro- sent me 'Bible Study for Spiritual fessors invariably result in Christian Growth',. then we have no war and decisions and the dedication of life to the world would be blossoms."-lap- Christian service. Among the dele- anese student in a western state. gates there were I24 Chinese, 42 Jap- Circulating Bulletins and Magazines anese, 100 Latin-Americans and a smaller number of Korean, Indian, It is the aim of our committee to Syrian, African, and other nation- reach every foreign student with the alities. The foreign delegates them- printed page, so edited as to appeal selves largely plan and conduct these most forcibly to him. We, therefore, conferences, and the discussion of the cooperate with the Chinese students in application of Christianity to their the preparation and circulation of their modern, social, political and educa- bi-monthly magazine, Liu M ei Tsing tional problems, is most interesting Nien. Our Japanese secretary, Dr. and profitable. Scores of written Kato, is issuing a bi-monthly bulletin testimonies like the following are con- for Japanese students. The Korean vincing proof of the value of these Students! Review is published twice conferences: a year in Lincoln, Nebraska. The A Princeton Chinese writes: Christian Indian students are printing "I am very grateful to God and the a monthly bulletin, The Indian Patri- American friends for the great benefit ka, and the Armenian students print I have got during the Eagles Mere annually an illustrated report and di- Conference; this Conference has had rectory of the Armenian Students' an important influence in shaping my Association in America. Plans are life."

under way for a monthly magazine Prominent Mexican student: in Spanish for the Latin-American "The Conference showed me that students. By means of these period- the strength of the American nation icals the point of view of the "foreign- is not found in her wealth or in her er among us" is exprest and special army or in her commerce, but in her important messages from Christian Christian college men; another impres- leaders reach the foreign student with sion I received is that religion and the endorsement of his own fellow- youth are not opposed to each other; nationals. I have been reaffirmed in my decision

I9 I6] MIGHTIER THAN TREATIES

to give my whole life to the service ciety," "The Hindusthanee Associaof God and the salvation of my coun- tion," and also the help of prominent try." Orientals and Latin-Americans lo- Japanese student in Oregon: cated in the United States. An effort is now being made to secure scholar- "I admired the vast personalities of ships and opportunities for self-help the leaders; I could feel in them some- for foreign students in the leading thing burning, something very deep, Christian colleges. Worthy foreign something very noble. I am glad to A JAPANESE STUDENT DELEGATION AT LAKE GENEVA CONFERENCE have met those great men; I am glad students of splendid ability are someto have known those aspiring Ameri- times cut off from all resources by can young men who are to form the "accident or misfortune at home or backbone and moral fibre of this great through the ravages of war. Our Republic." committee is alert to discover such cases and has, during the year, secured Personal Service relief for more than twenty students who otherwise would have been forced Almost every week during the year to abandon their course. our Committee is arranging a reception or some personal service for The names and addresses of a maprominent educators, government of- jority of the foreign students in fi1cials, and others from abroad. To America have been secured, printed, this end, we are enlisting the coopera- and distributed as the first directory tion of such societies as "The Japan of its kind ever published in the Uni- Society," "The Pan-American So-

ted States. We expect also to pub- personally promoting right feeling lish a vest-pocket handbook of infor- among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean mation concerning North American students assembled in Tokyo. We student life to be presented to each have also cooperated in obtaining a foreign student. liberal interpretation of immigration laws whereby Chinese and other International Goodwill Oriental students traveling second or third class across the Pacific are not In the colleges and at summer con- detained several days, as heretofore, ferences students representing differ- at the Island Immigrant Station in ent races and nationalities are brought San Francisco Bay. together on, terms of social equality and cordiality; on the athletic field The latest important development and in study groups foreign students is the securing of native secretaries are mingling freely with one another to be responsible for receiving and and with North American students. enlisting returned students in service Such Icontacts are doing much to pro- upon their return to the Orient and mote international goodwill and to Latin-America; by this method, no give a vision of true brotherhood. time nor energy will be lost in apply- Similarly, the sixty-five Chinese stu- ing the knowledge gained abroad, to dents who met at Swanwick, England, the problems of the homeland. in July, are now extending the influence of such fellowship to the three True friendship among nations as hundred Chinese students in Great between individuals is the result of Britain. sympathy, frankness, and patience; misunderstandings are corrected and Thousands of copies of pamphlets prejUdices are frequently overcome by designed to promote international face to face contact on the part of friendship have been circulated among those concerned. There has certainly students in various nations, and the never been a time in the history of services of several speakers of inter- the United States when the people of national prominence have been secured North America had such a unique opfor addresses before large gatherings portunity for making friends of the of students from many nations. future leaders of all nations as is now afforded by the presence among us of Representatives of our committee thousands of the future educated leadhave rendered inva1uable service in ers from abroad.

THE WORLD VISION It is not for us to know the times or the seasons, but it is for us to know the opportunity and the responsibility. The wide-open world should produce in us wideopen minds to study the need, and wide-open hearts to feel it. It is no petty province we have to subdue, no parochial victory we see. It is nothing less than the Christianization of all human lives and institutions-a task to challenge the scholarship and statesmanship and deathless devotion of all Christendom…. It is the call of humanity itself-East and West, black and white, brown and yellow-all bearing the tarnished image and superscription of God.-President Faunce, of Brown University.

A Lepers' Church In

BY W. M. DANNER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Secretary C. S. A. Committee of The Mission to Lepers ~~=~"'Ailii:J)IT the time of my first interest among the lepers desiring to visit to the Leper Col- attend these services that a church ony in Louisiana, about for the leper congregation became a three years ago, I real necessity. found that the Roman Catholics were caring On a recent visit I spent a day among the lepers, chaperoned again for their people among the lepers of by Sister Benedicta. The ministers of the Louisiana Leper Asylum not far New Orleans have become deeply infrom New Orleans; but at that time the Catholic nurses were under the THE l'ROTESTANT CHAPEL FOR LEPERS impression that Protestants were indifferent to the call for service in the terested in the work, and have made leper colony. Some seemed to feel regular visits and conducted services, which have been well attended by the that the Protestants were afraid to lepers. work among the lepers; and one old lady, a sorely afflicted patient, told me Words of welcome and appreciation in the presence of a Catholic nurse came from every building visited, exthat she had been trying for quite two prest in voices that frequently showed years to get a Protestant minister to traces of the dreadful disease: visit the colony. "Thank you for sending the Protes- tant ministers up here. Thank you This colony of lepers is located in for the visits of Dr. Hahn and Mr. Iberville parish, about seventeen miles Caldwell and Mr. Thomas." south of Baton Rouge, and directly on the Mississippi River. The grounds The nurse told me that the lepers and buildings are on a tract of land had crowded into the services in such comprizing 1,100 acres. numbers that no available room was large enough to accommodate the au- The religious services were ar- dience She exprest surprize that the ranged by the Mission to Lepers (the lepers should be so much interested in Protest~nt International Society) the Protestant services, and freely adthrough the cooperation and leader- mitted that the Protestant ministers ship of the Protestant Ministers' As- were not afraid to work among them. sociation of New Orleans. A committee of this organization, consist- The number of patients has now itling of Rev. W. E. Thomas, of the M. E. Church, South, Rev. J. W.

Caldwell, of the Presbyterian, and Rev. W. H. Brengle, of the Baptist Church, have provided regular preaching services at the Leper Settlement, and the good work they have done has enlisted such a large

creased to 105, seven at least of 22-"A merry heart doeth good like whom are little children. Not only a medicine." The lepers caught were the lepers uniformly gratified by clearly his note of optimism, and the provision we had made for Prot- yielded to his appeal for everyone estant services, but one after another to make the best of life in spite of vied with each other in expressions all handicaps. of thanks for every little .courtesy . A handsomely inscribed pulpit that had been provided during the Bible was presented, with greetings past years. from the American Bible Society, and a message of appreciation by the In response to an appeal issued by leper congregation was ordered sent the committee, funds were secured to the Society. and a chapel was built, so that on June 14th the first Protestant church After several brief addresses and ever erected in North America for a responses, the closing song, "My leper congregation was dedicated. Faith Looks up to Thee," was wafted heavenward by many whose voices Despite excessive rains, delega- had lost their natural tone because of tions from Baton Rouge and New leprosy. Even those whose faces Orleans came to the Leper Colony clearly manifested the destroying grounds at an earl1Y hour on June presence of the dread malady did 14th to participate in the dedicatory their utmost to swell the volume of service. I came with the first dele- consecrated song. gation to arrive from Baton Rouge, and occupied some time in personal At two o'clock in the afternoon it visits and talks with the lepers, all of was my privilege to lead a conferwhom seemed most happy in the ful- ence, in which many of the congrefilment of their long-cherished desire gation participated. The arrangefor a church of their own. The pul- ment for the chapel to be open daily pit was almost concealed from view was earnestly desired and approved by the flowers furnished from the by the Leper Home authorities. The women leper residents' own gardens. women residents gladly assume the Rev. J. W. Caldwell, of the Carroll- care of the interior of the chapel, and ton Presbyterian Church, New Or- daily song and devotional services leans, presided at the dedicatory ser- will be held under a committee, of vice, which was opened by singing which the chairman is a former acthe lepers' favorite song, "What a tive worker in a large Western Friend we have in Jesus." Most of Young Men's Christian Association. the people present in the well-filled He does not want to have his old chapel were leper residents of the friends know of his confinement by Settlement. Then Rev. W. W. the terrible disease from which he is Holmes, President of the New Or- suffering. The closing songs of the leans Ministers' Association, and lepers' own chosing were, "God Will Presiding Elder of the New Orleans Take Care of You," "Nearer, My District of the M. E. Church God, to Thee," and "God be with Y<;lU Till We Meet Again." South, preached from Proverbs I7:

U nreached Latin

· REV. S. G. INMAN Secretary of the Latin America Congress EGINNING at Panama fields unoccupied. In Buenos Aires, mB itself, we find only one evangelical mis- the third largest city on the American sionary speaking the continent, I doubt whether there is Spanish language to such a neglect of religion in any city on the globe, including the great cities the 450,000 of the of the Orient. Taking it all together, population of the Panama Republic, in that city of 1,700,000 people there a republic which owes its very exist- are not a hundred churches and tem- ence to Christian North America. ples, Protestant, Catholic, Mohamme- In Ecuador there has never been dan, Jewish, and every other kind; not one church erected for the preaching one place of worship for every 25,000 of the Gospel as we understand it. people. Of the 1,700,000 people, you There is 'not one organized board of will probably find, you might be able the evangelical churches doing work to count in the Protestant and Catholic in the whole Republic of Ecuador. churches all together on a Sunday There are some six independent mis- morning 1,700 people. In the Univer- sionaries who are there, helping to sity of Buenos Aires, 5,000 students, support themselves, distributing tracts hardly five of those who are willing to and working as they may, but no or- say that they believe in Jesus Christ as ganized board in that great republic. their Savior.

In Peru, in the whole northern half About 98 per cent. of the 50,000 of that great republic, a stretch of students in the universities of Latin territory greater than our thirteen America are agnostic, do not accept original colonies, not one voice raised any kind of religion. When you speak for the preaching of the simple Gospel to the leaders of these countries about of Christ, probably on the field con- religion, they say: "No; we have had tinually not more than seven or eight enough of that. vVe want progress.

ordained missionaries. Religion is what has kept us back."

In Bolivia we have not yet been able In Mexico, the 3,000,000 Indians to count 100 members of the evangeli- there are being touched by no Chriscal churches; a million Indians that tian organization, Protestant or have never been touched by the Roman Catholic. Those eighteen Gospel. Americans that were put to death day The Minister to Brazil from the before yesterday in Mexico are cry- United States said the other day: "Oh, ing out to us because we have not would that I had the opportunity of evangelized those peoples. We are presenting the appeal of these hun- talking intervention. Our interven- dreds of thousands of Indians to the tionists are crying out to-day. Are we American Christians. I can not un- going to intervene with a sword, or derstand how you go so far away in- are we going to give them the Gospel to the Eastern world and leave these of Christ and of peace?

Man Who Pays the

SOME FACTS FOR THOSE INTERESTED IN HOME MISSIONS TO CONSIDER BY A WESTERN MANUFACTURER IaI AM the man who pays key men of the Lord's army joined ~ the bills. In my village hands for the fight. The little, divi- four weak churches ded band of believers is making compete for members small headway in winning souls in and strive to raise cur- our community. I am asking whether rent expenses.. I would not be a stronger fighter in On a Sunday morning the several the ranks were we to sit together in audiences combined might total three one church under one pastor for this hundred souls. Twenty-five hundred work of witness-bearing.

dollars may pay the several pastors' I am the man who loves good mu- salaries. This money, raised with the sic. Back East we had a pipe-organ greatest difficulty, takes no account of and a large choir of young people.

heat, light, and repairs. I am asking Our four churches could furnish a whether the money is best spent to goodly array of singers, and the or- give the Gospel to our town. gan could be bought with money now I am the man who would see the spent in keeping up four rival weak- Sunday-school flourish. Scattered lings. I believe the non-churchgoers among our four churches is a strong all about us would be the more easily corps of workers. In no single church drawn out by better music. I ask is the material at hand for the suc- myself whether we are not losing out cessful conquest of the place. Certain as a neighborhood force, through the officers do the work of two, so short- present arrangement.

handed are we. I would see these I am the man who appreciates the able workers relieved of extra tasks rare combination of generalship, con- until their loads are reasonable. I secration, and sermonizing ability in would see one "going" school, where a pastor. I know that money can several now strive for life. not put these into a man's makeup.

I am the man who is lonesome. I Yet I know that when the salary. is .

sit among half-filled seats in a small sufficient, the man of such class.is building. I am used to the crowd of usually found. As one restless ~ at faces in the packed auditorium of seeing constructive programs set size. I know that hearts grow strong aside to make way for petty money- and that zeal mounts up when all the raising schemes, I crave the day of like-minded of a section unite for one big man and one big church for worship and service. our section.

I have seen many a town, yes and I am the man who would see our .whole states, outlaw the liquor traf- church throw her influence beyond fic when the denominational fences the front gate of the neighborhood, went down for a month while the out to the foreign colonies of city and state, out to remote hamlets of The moving-picture shows are so foreign lands. It sometimes seems easy of access on Sundays. and the that in church affairs, as in family country beyond the· town so full of life, when poverty comes in through picnic nooks, and the weather so inthe door, love goes out by the win- viting for months at a time that the dow. When four weak bodies strug- unchurched pass by these little comgle side by side for four pastors' peting efforts of the various denomisalaries, love for the needy abroad is nations. In view of all this, as the exprest by but meager gifts. Give us man who sits in the pew and pays more time and money for the con- the bills, I pray that the day of quest of the Cross and we will come church union be hastened, until the into more knowledge, interest, and fences fall and good men be permitthen more love for the masses yet to ted to sit in one army for the Kingbe reached. dom's glory.

The Churches in Some Oregon Towns POPULATION THE VARIOUS DENOMDJATIO~S AT 'VORK Bandon -. 1,803 R M* P B e E Mo Bay City 281 Beaverton 386 R F Brownsville 919 R Central Point 761 M* A Cg Clatskanie 747 Coquille M P B" e Dayton 1,398 M P* B* e Elgin 453 S Gervais Jacksonville 1,120 R M* P' B* eEA Myrtle Creek 276 R Myrtle Point 785 R M2* P* U Nyassa 429 Oakland 836 M* BC S Ev Prineville 449 Redmond 467 M2 P* B e E Stayton M' P* Turner 1,042 M* P* A Cg Wallowa 800 R Woodburn 703 R M2 P* B e Yoncalla 191 M2* P* e UB 793 Me> 1,616 R M P* E 233 M* P* B E M P* B e A* M* P* B'

M' BC M' p' e M P* e eEA M P' G MF M' P* *Indicates supported in whole or part by Home Mission Boards.

R-Roman Catholic; M-Methodist; P-Presbyterian; B-Baptist; C-Christian; E-Episcopal; Mo—Mormon; VB-United Brethren; A-Adventist; S-Christian Science; U-Universalist; Ev- Evangelical; C,,-Ccmgrega'lional; M2-Methodist, North and South; MF-Methndist (Free); F-Feder· ated Church; G-Saints of God.

Evangelism Through United Effort did work for the Kingdom in Free- Superintendent George E. Paddock water. I spent a part of last Sunday writes: "Freewater Church is testing out a new movement. They have en- with them, and it was an inspiration tered into a federation with other denominations, and the result is a splen- to face the audience and to feel the harmony of thought and life which animatys those p. eople who only a, .

short time ago were competing with three of those churches were supporone another. The millennium is not ted by Home Missionary money, and here, and Freewater is not ushering the others did not even support themit in, and there are many things to selves, but just had preaching once in criticize in the plan and results of the a while as they could. Now there is federation, but Freewater has but one federated church, and the Home about five hundred people, and the missionary societies are not asked to Baptists and Methodists and Presby- support it, and they are showing a terians and Congregationalists were life that commends Christ to the five all in there, and some other organiza- hundred people far more perfectly than tions without names that I recall, and the four or five organizations did."

THE CALL OF CHRIST TO ME From the far frontier on the border line, Where scattered hamlets are beaded on steel; From the roistering life in the camp or the mine, Where the lush of prairie grass follows the wheel; By the orchard rills of mountain dyke. Where the cattle trail o'er measureless range; INhere fitful, tropic warfares strike And the isles are rife with the fever of change; vVhere the missioner labors in parish wide, And the chapel car rolls to ministries new; From the lonely cabins of mountain side, From plantation singers of dusky hue; Where immigrant throngs are streaming forth From Israel's tribes, with a veil on the heart; From Indian wigwam. or frozen north- I hear the call which wakes with a start, The call of the Christ to me.

And what dost thou answer Him, 0 my soul? Is it nothing to thee as the ages roll, That the Lord of Life should suffer in vain? That he who was Prince in the Realm of Pain Should seek for the sin-stricken children of men, That by way of the cross He might bring them again To the fold of His care-His infinite care, That thou shouldst turn from this, His prayer, And deaden thine ear to His wondrous plea, The call of the Christ to me.

WHAT LACK I YET?

The spirit of unwillingness to give to missions is prompted by Lack of Knowledge Lack of Sympathy Lack of Love Lack of Faith Lack of Gratitude All of these have their roots in selfishness -Missions

Liberation of the Slaves*

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D., NEW YORK Pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York N a little synagog of law." They are in the grip of a vio- lated law, and they can not escape from mI Nazareth, far away the nemesis of their revolt. They can from imperial presences not recover the freedom of innocence, and imperial c 0 u r t s , nor can they gain the restful fields of . and among simple vil- holiness. They are haunted by their lagers old and young yesterdays, and they can not appease the who have met together for instruction fierce hounds that follow them. One of and worship, the Lord of life and glory, them wrote to me this week-one of Himself clothed in peasant attire, sent Hawthorne's Hester Prynnes, yearning forth His first decree of emancipation to get rid of her scarlet letter. Well, proclaiming "deliverance to the captive," all these would be in the procession-'- and announcing Himself as the fulfiller men and women harassed by the things and fulfillment of His own decree. Of of yesterday, driven like leaves in the whom was He thinking when He an- autumn gale. nounced this deliverance? What kind of slaves had He in mind? Let us exercise Then there would be a big company of our imagination and bring such captives those who are the slaves of opiniontogether-bring them from mansion and men and women who are afraid to be from tenement, bring them from the themselves, because of the oppressive realms of music and of art, bring them judgment of their fellow-men. These from abodes of discord and ugliness. slaves are always watching the vane of Gather the slaves together and marshal opinion, and trimming and talking acthem in ranks, and let us note who cording to its whims. Opinion is their would be found in the awful procession. .tyranny, and they move in its servitude every day. They never act on their own The Bondage initiative. They always consult the slave-driver of opinion, and act accord- First of all, there would be the vast ing to the crack of his Whip. They crept throng of men and women who are in about in the time of our Lord. They slavery to any form of sin; and if these bore labels of this kind: "For fear of were to wear an appropriate label, it the Jews," " For fear of the multitude," would be just the Scriptural phrase, "For fear of men." All these would be "The bond-slaves of sin." And if hid- in the procession, everyone of them den things could be made visible and driven by the tyrannical blast of public shown to the spectator standing by the opinion. way, we should see that every soul had its slave-driver-a sleepless, unyielding Then there would come a vast multityrant-in the shape of some distinctive tude of men and women who are in the and regnant sin. All these would go bondage of the world. They have got along, whipped and driven by their in- into what they call "the stream," and dividual sins. they can not get out of it. And what is the stream? It is the mighty suction Then, in the second place, there would of organized worldliness. It is the terbe the company of those wearing the rific force of socialized habit, which Scriptural label, "In bondage to the • From The C~1I World.

holds the individual life in the tyranny your eyes and gaze upon a whole host of its fashion, and almost destroys the of free men singing, in every cIime- very desire for the glorious liberty of the children of God. A11 these slaves Give me the wings and faith to rise of worldlines's, the victims of garish Within the veil, and see sensationalism, the captives of the ex- ternal, confined to the mere shells and The saints above, how pure their joys, cases and frames of things-all these How bright their glories be. would saunter along, many of them un- conscious of their servitude, but all of And then, with your eyes filled with .them carrying a flag bearing the Scrip- the brightness of this glory, turn back tural words, "In bondage to the world." again to the children of pall and shadow, So these would go along their way. "who, through fear of death, are all their lifetime subject unto bondage." All Then would come a very mournful these would tremble along in this en- and distressing company of men and slaved procession. women whose home is in Doubting Castle, and who are under the tyranny But before I leave this imaginary proof Giant Despair. They are the moral cession, let me say that there are other failures of the world-poor souls who ways of describing the forms of cap- are something like the abandoned hull tivity" besides those I have already of the Volturno: their furnaces are out, given; and it may be that by glancing their compass is lost, their helm is for a moment at those other forms, broken. Life has lost its flavor and more of us may find ourselves in the savor: the past brings' no comfort, the procession-if, indeed; we are still left present has no inspiration, the future out. Now, we can hold an eagle capoffers no hope. These are the slaves of tive by confining it within a cage; and despair. And this heavy-foote~ com- we can hold an eagle captive, as is done pany would pass along their sunless way. at the London Zoo, by removing the I will mention another contingent in the cage and tethering the bird by its limb. strange procession-that company of The removal of the cage gives a sugmen and women described by Scripture gestion of freedom; but the servitude is as those "who, through fear of death, just as galling and severe. Yes, you can are all their lifetime subject unto bond- fetter an eagle by the limb, and you can age." Death continually throws its fetter the soul by a singl~ power. A shadow over these people, and chills musician can be wealthily endowed; the them like a skeleton at the feast. They wings of his imagination may beapare never free to live, because they are parently free and untrammelled, and yet so afraid to die. The pall of the future he may be fettered by a passion-say is over the present, and they creep along the passion of lust, or the tyrannous pasin unrelieved shade. When this form sion for drink. Well, people of this type of tyranny is thrown round the soul, would be in the procession-the folk who the captivity is so oppressive as to be are richly endowed, but tethered by a intolerable. limb.

If you wish to realize its opposite, Let me give you another example, and just turn your eyes away from this let it be found in a descriptive phrase I somber, dingy company, and look at one heard the other day: "She is faithfulness of the Lord's free men, and hear him itself, but she is so melancholy." If you sing, "0 death, where is thy sting! 0 wish to imprison an eagle, there is no grave where is thy victory?" Or turn need to build a cage, or even to tether its limbs. All you need to do is to cut its wings. And in human life a sou} can be held in bitterest servitude by just cutting the wings of imagination and

LIBERATION OF THE

hope. Yes, just cut those wings, and him out of captivity, and then left him the eagle becomes a groundling; and in the street. The Lord's deliverance even faithful men and women are grip- is not a transient release. The Lord's ped by the tyranny of melancholy. emancipation is' by incorporation. He lifts the slave into His own sonship, The Liberation binds him to Himself in the same bundle of life, like a branch in the vine, like a And after looking upon the proces- babe at its mothers breast. sion so long,. let us now turn into the little synagog at Nazareth, and hear There is the Gospel of Christian de- One who can always say what He liverance: the Divine Emancipator in- means; and can always do what He corporates the slave. It is salvation by says, proclaiming the good news that communion: "I in you," "Ye in Me," He came to give "deliverance to the cap- "If the Son, therefore, shall make you tives and the opening of the prison to free, ye shall be free indeed." them that are bound." Let the Gospel ring out along the avenue to all the When the slave-life becomes united children of twilight and night. But how with the Christ-life in this amazing indoes the Lord Jesus give deliverance to corporation, what happens? The glothe captives? Have we any light upon rious life of the Emancipator flows into it, either in His own word, or in human the life of the slave, and breaks up his experience? Yes, there is light given tyrannies, as the Gulf Stream dissolves us both in the word and in the testimony the icebergs that drift into its warmer of history. The first step in the Lord's floods. The grace of the Emancipator deliverance is the revelation of our flows to the binding power of guilt, and bondage. You know it is possible for a makes the slaves exultant in the joy of slave to be waving the flag of freedom, spiritual freedom. The might of the while all the time he may be enthralled Emancipator flows to the enslaved and in the deepest servitude. His concep- fettered will and energises it, giving it tion of freedom may be so pathetically the liberty of recovered strength. The small and narrow that he does not real- love of the Emancipator flows to affecize the tyranny that holds him in op- tions that have been smitten by blight pression. In Christ's own day there or enslaved by disease, and frees them, were slaves who, when the Master as by resurrection, into the liberty of spoke of freedom, flung the reply in His holy sonship. The fearlessness of the face, "We were never in bondage to any Emancipator flows into the fearfulness man," They waved their little flag of of the slave, whether the fear be the liberty, while all the time their souls fear of man or the fear of death, and were sunk in grimmest bondage. So changes it into boldness, and so condo I say that the first work of the Lord verts a life of trembling timidities into Jesus Christ in effecting His deliver- one of contagious heroism. The light ance is to reveal to us our servitude. of the Emancipator shines into the "I saw the Lord, and I said, woe is me, darkness of the slave's melancholies and for I am undone." despairs, and changes the midnight into the sunrise of golden expectation. And then, in the second place, the Lord Jesus delivers the enslaved by in- I proclaim this Gospel: that the Dicorporating them into His own son- vine Emancif:ator frees the slave by inship. The deliverance effected by the corporating him into His own life, fill- Lord Jesus is not like that effected by ing his emptiness with Divine fulness, the angel, when Peter was brought out as the fulness of the advancing ocean of prison in Jerusalem. The angel led tide fills every bay, nook, and cranny along the empty shore.

and Tree Worship

India * mL ITTLE is known of the In the East the welcome shade and the early history of South many uses to which trees were put India, and still less of early led some races to adopt them the origin of the relig- as their totems, and later, under certain ion of its people. The circumstances, to regard them as objects Hindus of this region of worship. are to-day worshipers of Vishnu or of Siva; but the origin of these two forms Of the sacred trees of India, one of of religion can only be conjectured. Be- the most common is the Pipal, a fine hind them is the still more primitive tree, very like a poplar, which, with its worship of serpents and trees, which constantly rustling leaves, naturally imstill frequently crops up in connection prest the simple folk, who were ever with Vaishnavism, and in some places ready to see spirits and personal life supersedes Hinduism. The golden in natural objects which were strange image of the seven-headed Naga (ser- or attractive. pent) is still to ue seen in two of the most famous Hindu temples of South Pipal trees are botanically male and India. At Congeeveram, near Madras, female, and are frequently planted in it is the principal image, while in the pairs and solemnly married with approgreat temple at Madura it stands be- priate rites. The religion of a Hindu tween the two chief Hindu gods. woman consists almost exclusively of circumnambulating the tulsi, or holy Serpent worship is one of the most basil, plant, and making prayers and primitive religions in the world, and at offerings to it, as a form of Sita, the the same time one of the most degrad- faithful wife of Rama, and the type of ing. In early times it was invariably perfect womanhood to every Indian girl. connected with human sacrifice, and beautiful young girls were always de- But, thank God, there is to-day anvoted to the service of its temples. other religion in South India, with something like a million worshipers. The extraordinary veneration for In contrast to the degrading temples snakes on the part of certain savage and worship of Siva and Vishnu is the races is probably connected with the simple worship in a Christian church. strange habit the snake has of changing Even more satisfying and encouraging its skin. These races supposed that the are the little Christian villages that snake took on a new lease of life every cluster round these houses of God. . . . time it did so. This, together with the long life of many snakes, their deadly In every house lives a Christian fambite, and their way of turning up quite ily; the Bible is regularly read; family unexpectedly in dwelling-houses, seems prayers are carefully observed; and day to have greatly imprest the simple by day the happy little Christian children races who knew much about nature, but pass down the street to school or church. little of nature's God. Truly it is a strange and wonderful Intimately connected with serpent land, worthy of careful study, and callworship is the worship of trees. ing above all for lives willingly dedi- cated to the service of its people.

* From The Mission Field, EnJlland.

A Strange Jungle Tribe In India*

THE KONDS-THEIR ORIGIN, CUSTOMS, AND BELIEFS BY REV. PAUL SCHULZE, SALUR, SOUTH INDIA Missionary of Schleswig-Holstein Evangelical Lutheran Mission aT ~ HE name Kond is de- taining the full harvest expected, they . have recourse at once to the Telugu rived from konda, the money-lender, who supplies them with Telugu word for hill. money at exorbitant interest and keeps The Konds are a num- them continually in his grip. They are erous tribe, and in the addicted, moreover, to strong drink, and in March, when the mahua flower falls, Vizagapatam District they distil a liquor from which many re- main hopelessly intoxicated for days. and the Jeypoor State alone number Each village has its own N aidu or more than three hundred thousand. They Hauta, who is responsible for its good behavior. The title to this office is are said to be of Dravidian origin, like hereditary. The Hauta and five others, including the village priest, the musimost of the South Indians, and they cian, and the astrologer, form a court, which exercises jurisdiction in matters speak a language of their own which has affecting morality or caste regulations. In some cases, when the evidence is indialectical differences in various dis- conclusive, the person accused is ex- pected to prove his inocence by subtricts. One branch of the tribe is al- mitting to ordeal. In other words, un- less he can dip his hand into a pot of ready provided with the Gospel of St. boiling oil without injury, his guilt is taken for granted. Mark. The Kond believes in the existence of The Konds are described as "bold and one good God and many evil spirits. The good God, whose name is Paramushela, fitfully laborious mountain peasantry, of is' the creator of the universe. He loves his creation, but is apparently not strong simple but not undignified manners, up- enough to shield his people from the power of the evil spirits. The people right in their character, sincere in their are accustomed, therefore, to offer pray- er to both parties. superstitions, proud of their position as It is interesting to find a variation.of land-holders, and tenacious of their the Flood-story prevalent among the Konds. As the popUlation of the earth rights." They 'are nomadic, constantly increased sin increased also, and there ca'me a time when Paramushela determoving from one section of the hills mined to destroy all people by a great flood. When the flood was over, howto another. They burn down a small ever, Paramushela began to repent of his drastic action and wondered how he portion of forest, till the soil and sow it, could undo it. He therefore despatched and remain there until the harvest is reaped. Then they move on somewhere else. Being surrounded by wild beasts, they have developed into a race of huntsmen, and eke out their living by means of the chase. The men are gen- erally armed with a tangi, or small ax, and with bows and arrows, which are used for hunting game.

Neither men nor women wear any- thing, as a rule, save a small strip of cloth round the loins and a profusion of bead necklaces.

The Konds are lazy, and do not ap- ply themselves either to cultivation or to hunting more than is necessary for supplying their barest needs. Accord- ingly, if they are unsuccessful in ob- • Reprinted from The Statesmon, India.

a crow to scour the earth and see Among the sacrifices observed by the whether anyone had escaped. The crow Konds is one which is offered on their discovered some leaf plates such as are new year's day to Durga (known in used by the people of India when eat- northern India as Kali), the blooding their food. The clue was reported thirsty goddess of cholera and smallpox. to Paramushela, who then sent a wood- On this occasion a buffalo is tied to a pecker to search for the people who had post, and at a given signal the people used the plates. At length a man and a fall upon it with knives and spears. woman were found hiding in the hollow Formerly it was customary for each one of a tree, and by means of them God to bring a rupee and thrust it down the repopulated the earth. animal's throat, tho he ·took good care to recover his money after the animal The origin of languages is explained was dead. The blood is offered up to by a curious story. The first man and Durga, and the flesh is eaten by the worwoman had five children, who were al- shipers. ways quarrelling. To put an end to the quarrels God gave each of them a dif- Human sacrifice to the earth-god was ferent language, with the result that they prevalent not long ago. The victim was were not able to understand each other. purchased or kidnapped. On the day appointed he was stupefied by intoxi- The Konds are very superstitious in cants, and then, after the performance regard to omens. For example, if a party of certain ceremonies, was whirled is on its way to a village to ask for a round on a horizontal bar affixed to a girl in marriage, the· sight of an empty vertical pole and hacked to pieces while waterpot will decide the travelers to still alive. His body was cut up into abandon their errand and go somewhere many sections, which were buried in difelse in quest of a bride. The appearance ferent parts in order to fertilize the of a monkey, however, is a good omen. fields. If a person goes out early in the morning and meets a childless man or woman The Schleswig-Holstein Mission has who does not smoke tobacco, he expects been trying to evangelize the Konds as ill-luck to befall him. Tuesdays and well as the other tribes who inhabit the Thursdays are auspicious days for sow- field of their operations. The Konds ing, while huts must always be built on are not very easy to influence, and their a Friday. To set out on a journey on ignorance and superstition are stupend- Saturday or Monday is certain to lead to ous. Nevertheless in one district alone misfortune. some three hundred of them, including children, are now Christians. Barely Infanticide was common among the half-a-dozen can read, but efforts are Konds, and is still practised occasionally being made to get them to school. They despite the vigilance of the British have no written language, but a gramgovernment. On the birth of a child the mar has been prepared, and Gospels are father visits the village astrologer and being translated, making use of the asks him to cast its horoscope. Should Roman character. This will be one of the poor child prove to be ill-starred and the first lesson-books whereby the peolikely to bring misfortune upon its par- ple will be taught to read their own ents, a pit is· dug and it is buried alive. hitherto unwritten mother-tongue.

The increase of population in India during the last ten years was only 7 per cent., but the increase in the number of Christians during the same period was 50 per cent. So, surely and steadily, spreads the Gospel of Jesus Christ in India.

Multiple Life of a

Missionary* BY REV. J. M. MACPHAIL, M.B., C.M., SANTALIA, INDIA E hear a great deal about him. I told his friends that there were good hopes that he would recover, but lWi the urgency and import- that it was not a case in which medicines ance and the attractions would do any good. They begged and and possibilities of social begged me to give him medicine, and at work at home. Far be it last they took me aside and said that if from us missionaries to I would give him medicine that would disparage the claims of such work; but we cure him they would pay me for it. may safely assert that there is no place where social problems are more interest- "Don't you think," I said, "that if I ing or more insistent to-day than in had medicine that would cure him, I China, India, and Africa, that there is no would gladly give it to you for nothing." place where the Church has a greater opportunity for social service than in "Yes," they replied, "we know you the mission field. Missionaries must put would, but then medicine given for noth- their hand to anything that needs to be ing never does much good." done, they must do the work that is nearest, tho it is often dull, and not al- A Schoolmaster together to their taste. They have never I am a schoolmaster, with thirty to any difficulty in finding opportunities for forty-nine small schools under my super- serving God and their fellow men. vision. Our educational work among the Santals is exceedingly elementary, but Medical Work we are making two blades of grass grow For instance, I am a minister of the where much less than one was growing Gospel. I magnify my office, and regard before. Nowhere is the educational fruit all my other duties as subordinate to that of missions more manifest than among of preaching the Gospel. Then as a the jungle tribes, where it is the creation, medical missionary I am a doctor with and still to a great extent the monopoly, a large practise. Our medical work of the missionary. Here again a great would serve as a peg upon which to hang deal might be said about self-support. In a discourse on self-support in missionary the mission field we are working in the work. Vve used to pay our patients to very opposite direction from our edu- induce them to come for treatment; now cational friends at home. We begin by they pay us for the treatment, very will- making education free, and feeding or ingly and in many cases very liberally, paying the children who came to school. so that we have now reached the standard Gradually we have been reducing these of self-support in the medical work. We inducements, and it is our ambition and find, too, that the people appreciate the our hope to get the people to pay fees benefits they receive aU the more because for their children's education. At home, they pay for them. lone day visited a fees used to be charged, but now edu- village when out on tour, to find that cation is free and in many cases children the son of the headman was insane. are fed. All that is to be said in favor They asked me to see him and to treat of self-support in medical work applies to educational work as well.

* From The Mi.<Sionary Record, "A Jack of All Trades."

A Magistrate One remembers the old laird of Dum- I am an honorary magistrate. For two biedykes' advice to his son, "Aye be stickreasons I was induced to undertake this in' in a tree, John; it'll be growin' while duty, one geographical and the other you are sleepin'." Out our way everylinguistic. The nearest Government body is keen to cut down trees, and very magistrate is over thirty miles away, and few people take the trouble to plant it was often a hardship to the people them. All over the world a great deal when they had to attend court as witness- of harm has been done through deforeses at a time when they could not afford tation, and it is a good work to repair the to leave their fields. It was also con- loss to some extent. We have planted sidered desirable that there should be at about 5,000 trees entirely at the expense least one magisterial court in the dis- of the Government, and in days to come, trict where the Santals could give evi- when our church and school and hospital dence and be examined in their own may have returned to dust, weary waylanguage. One thing that reconciles me to farers' along the roads will bless the doing this very uncongenial work is that unknown man who planted the trees that it gives me opportunities for acting as a shelter them from the Indian sun. peacemaker that I would not otherwise have. The missionary-magistrate's court Builder is distinguished by the number of cases that are settled by compromise or friend- Most district missionaries have to ly agreement. undertake building operations, and III Santalia when we decide to build a A Road Contractor church or hospital we have to begin by making our own bricks, burning our lime, As a contractor under the local govern- and felling our timber. With absolutely ment I am responsible for the upkeep and no knowledge of the subject I have had repair of fifty miles of public roads. Why to build a church, a hospital, a school, should a missionary undertake work like and various dwelling-houses', to dig four that? For one thing, to keep him out of wells and construct a reservoir. the way of temptation. It was one of David Livingston's principles to respect Meteorologist the manhood of the meanest savages, and one of the temptations to which we are Recording and reporting the rainfall exposed in working among the miserably is another small duty undertaken at the poor people of India is that of aggrava- request of the Government. The rainting and perpetuating their poverty by in- fall is a matter of very great importance discriminate charity. Under the mission- in India, where the agricultural operaary-contractor the work is done and the tions depend largely upon the amount of workers are paid, and that is not always rain that falls between the middle of the case. One of the characters in one of June and the end of. September. The Charles Reade's novels utters a prayer Government has stations throughout the that some old Roman would rise from country for the observation of the rainthe dead and paganize our Christian fall, and our mission &tation is one of roads. But in Chakai the Christian roads them. It is my duty to measure the rainare the best roads, the pagan the worst. fall in a prescribed way, and to make weekly, monthly, and annual reports on Tree-Planter the subject.

Tree-planting is a sort of recreation, Money-Lender but it, too, provides work for a number of people, and improves the amenities of I am a money-lender. Indebtedness is the country and its economic resources. one of the many evils under which the people of India , and als~ of other East-

THE MULTIPLE LIFE OF A FORgIGN MISSIONARY

ern lands, groan. This is the result tage of the much lower rate of interest. partly of their poverty, and partly of Our bank has been working successtheir ignorance. When face to face with famine as the result of a failure of the fully for several years, with the result rains, they will borrow money or grain that on a small scale we are making the at any rate of interest the money-lenders wilderness to rejoice and blossom as the like to demand. There is a form of slav- rose. The greatest economic need of ery, as the result of indebtedness, that is India is irrig'ltion, and for that cooperaquite common to-day in our part of India. tion and cheap capital are required, both A man in desperate need of money and of which are provided by this scheme. too poor to furnish security, goes to a Apart from the direct boon of providlng money-lender and borrows, say, tt'll shil- capital, if affords a most useful lesson lings or less. The money-lender makes in the advantages and possibilities of him put his mark, for he can not write, corporate effort. to a bond, which he is unable to read, by which he binds himself to work for the Literary Work money-lender without wages, in payment of the interest alone. The money-lender Every missionary has more or lesstakes good care that the borrower never literary work to do. There is a limit gets the opportunity of earning money to the number of languages into which to payoff the debt. He is a slave for the Bible can be translated, but it would life, and his son often inherits the servi- seem that there is no end to the work of tude, continuing to work as the serf of revision. Bible translation and revision the son of the man who lent his father are the work of experts,. but as a rule ten shillings, perhaps twenty years be- the cooperation of all who have suggesfore. No humane government can con- tions to offer is welcomed. Then there template the condition of things like is the work of creating a Christian literathis with equanimity, and the government ture, either in the way of translation or of India lately introduced a scheme of of original composition. I remember what is called Cooperative Credit Sa- that when, in my student days, Henry cieties, with the object of providing a Drummond came back from a visit to the remedy. missions in the Pacific, he told us of two worthy men, Christian missionaries, So the government made me an offer. who had fought with their fists over the If I would organize a local agricultural right word to use for "God" in a transbank on these lines, they would lend me lation they were making together of the Bible into the language spoken in the money at 67i per cent. I was to lend island which was the scene of their labors. The moral of the story was to it out at 12~ per cent., and on recovering warn us of the spiritual dangers of life the loans would be able to refund the in a heathen country. For my own part, government loan and to have a small I have always felt a good deal of symbalance which would, in course of time, pathy for these two men. After all, the accumulate and enable me to carryon name of God is better worth fighting for the scheme independently. I believed than ninety-nine out of a hundred things the scheme was a sound one, and that that men do fight for. I know of nothwith proper safeguards the investment ing that causes so much high feeling would be a good one, 5'0 I declined with among missionaries as' questions in conthanks the government's offer. I said I nection with Bible translation, and it is would undertake to find the money my- not unnatural when we bear in mind the sel£, and would lend it out at 6}4 per immense importance of these matters, cent., thus giving the people, through the the great influence they will have over abolition of the middleman, the advan-

the minds of men for generations to petition with traders who have their livcome. ing to earn, but in some circumstances trading is justifiable. For example, we Another form of literary work is writ- have established a trade in soap at ing home, with the object of maintaining Chakai. We have been selling tons of or increasing the knowledge of missions. soap in halfpenny cakes. and you have If you succeed in making the people, the no idea what a luxury soap is to those children in the school, the women in the who have never used it before. We zenana, really live before readers, you carryon the trade on strictly business are an artist. principles as part of the medical mission. vVe buy wholesale, the bar of soap cost- Colporteur ing us 3Y>d. We cut it up into eight pieces at a halfpenny each, and the profit goes Every missionary ought to be an agent to the hospital. I think our people have of the Bible Society, using every oppor- now reached the happy stage of not being tunity for circulating the Word of God. able to do without soap, and I hope that Here again the principle is to sell, not to we shall soon be able to retire from the give away for nothing, a plan which is trade, which others will take up. sure to bring the Bible into contempt. In connection with the Centenary of the We also do a small business in tea, an Bible Society in India, in 1911, I had the article which is very little used among very interesting experience of reading the people in India. and which was not the annual reports of the Calcutta Bible to .be had in the bazaar at Chakai. The Society for a hundred years. One fact cup that cheers without inebriating serves that emerged was that for the first fifty a very useful moral and social purpose. years of its life the Bible Society did not We found it very desirable to have some seem to contemplate the possibility of alternative to pig, roasted whole and selling the Scriptures. It seemed to think devoured entire, for a social meeting in that a man conferred a favor upon it by church, and have found the solution in receiving a Bible as a free gift. It real- tea, with white bread, which the Sanized by degrees that people were willing tals regard as a great delicacy. to pay for the Scriptures, and selling is now the rule, free distribution the ex- These are my more or less· regular ception. When I began work twenty occupations. I have officiated as postfour years ago, it was such a rare thing master; I have served my turn as a memto meet among my patients a man who ber of the District Board or County could read, that I used to give him a Council ( I prefer to be a contractor Gospel as a gift, and I sometimes found under the Board, which I could not be it torn up and thrown away just outside if I were still a member) ; and if I were the dispensary. I do not think that ever to add my domestic duties the list would occurs when the Scriptures are sold. be endless. All these various duties are In India people do not throwaway things subordinate to, or are rather auxiliaries they have paid for, not even a farthing to, the supreme duty and privilege of Gospel. making Christ known to the people as their Savior and Friend. They create Seller of Soap and Tea the opportunity for evangelistic work; they gain for us the confidence and good- Most missionaries have done some will of the people; they materialize Christrading in their own way; it may be to tianity in a form they can appreciate. introduce new and desirable articles of There ~s not a single agency I have mencommerce; it may be to raise money for tioned that I have not found useful in missionary purposes. We should avoid this way. trading that enters into unfair com-

DEPADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

TOURIST OPPORTUNITIES FOR MISSIONS mA T the suggestion of Miss ing out of all unnecessary impediments. Helen B. Calder, the All missionary literature is relegated to Home Secretary of the the shelves to await our return from our Woman's Board of Mis- vacation. (Here I stopt to find out what sions of the Congrega- "vacation" really means. The first defini- tional Church, we take tion given in the Standard Dictionary up this month the very important topic is, "Vacation: an intermission of proof what tourists can do for missions. cedure." I looked no further. For my purpose this is very satisfactory!) This is a form of service about which very little has been written. . Yet the That you and I-and some other touropportunities for it are boundless. Not ists-are really interested in missions is a little such work has already been done, vitally true. There is no mistake about but vastly more could be done if only it. We, in common with thousands of Christian tourists who' have the cause of other Christians the land over, work and missions at heart could be made to rea- give and pray for missions; we rejoice lize its possibilities. with a real joy in every success; we try to help a wee bit more in every time of We shall appreaciate it very much if stress.; we pray earnestly in times of those who have done such work, or have tribulation or sorrow. All this is true, seen others do it, will send us accounts absolutely and sincerely. of it. But now we are going on a vacation; OPPORTUNITIES OF THE SOUTHERN and "a vacation is an intermission of pro- TOURIST cedure." So, as a matter of course, we propose to intermit all missionary work BY THEODORA CROSBY BLISS, without thinking much about it. We are not using our consciences! WASHINGTON, D. C. During the winter season when church Southeastern Secretary. Philadelphia Branch of life everywhere is most vitally alive, the the Woman's Board of Missions, Congregational South, especially Florida, is crowded. Tourists are everywhere; and within Church reach of most of them are churches. Some are strong and well equipped; "Men hang up their consciences off others small, struggling, weak in num- Cape Horn"; bers, weaker financially, and weakest by far in all that makes for inspiration. "God does not exist west of America." Right here is one of the biggest and Startling statements are they not? best opportunities given to Christian man especially the latter. But they have or woman. To go; to see; and then to come to mind frequently as I have trav- give-themselves! The people in these ersed the highways and byways in the churches are in earnest, even as we. But South where every prospect pleases and travelers abound.

Suppose we are going on a vacation. Anticipating the restful days before us, we pack our trunks with a careful leav-

where are their tools? Listen to the and usually with an ax to grind. The leader of the little missionary society in little churches have suffered, some of a tourist town where possibly you have them. Don't talk-first. Just do-give been. She is the only one who knowi yourself and be sure if you can talk they anything about missions. Some one in will find it out, and this opportunity too the North sent her her missionary maga- will be yours. zine for a few months and then-well, it stopt coming and she had nothing; no Second. Any hint of patronage is literature, no helps to inspiration. deadly. "Up home" these people may have outranked you, and they know it. "Every winter on Sunday mornings," lt is not safe to judge by appearances. she says, "our church is packed with Not patronage, but help, offered from tourists, and I often think there must be heart to heart, whether the one heart many among them who could help us if beat under satin and the other under they would! But that is all we see of calico, will meet with instant and sincere them. Think of all they know! and all appreciation in the majority of cases. their privileges–" And what if it, seemingly, does not? Underneath is' the heart hunger and The listener, with a guilty feeling, everywhere the need. thinks of all the unused books and papers and other missionary literature stacked It is missionary work-this putting on those shelves awaiting the end of the into the hands of others the tools which "intermission of procedure." It is not you have used. God has, perchance, been comfortable, somehow I putting into your hands an over-abun- dance of these tools-so you have This is only by way of illustration. thought. But He knew what you did not, You who are going far afield in search of that He was sending you to this, the bigre-creation (doesn't that tiny hyphen gest opportunity perhaps the average throw a bit of light?), pause a moment. Christian-that means most of us-is Then get together your surplus mission- likely to have. ary and other helpful "fuel" and if your trunk will not hold it, send it ahead by Ever and always, for good or for ill, parcel post, to be a reminder on your travelers carry their influence with them. arrival. One can not get away from that.

As soon as possible after your arrival, Don't "hang up your conscience" anyunfurl your flag; intimate to anybody where on the way! Remember, God you can find connected with the local exists wherever you go, and will meet church-your own, if there is one-that you on your arrival. God, and His little at home you are a worker, and if you can ones! help in any way-(If you can! Just mention it, that's all!) TOURING THROUGH THE NORTHERN RESORTS Go to the little prayer-meeting-it is almost certain to be little! It will only BY A MISSIONARY BISHOP* take an hour. I have been recently going, partly on Go to the meeting of the Missionary business, partly on pleasure, through a Society, if there is one; if not, set your large section of the summer resort region wits to work and leave one behind you of New York, Massachusetts, Maine, and for them to remember you by. New Hampshire, whither our people spend weeks or months of recreation. It Incidental1y you might seek out other has really been a delightful experience like-minded tourists to share these op- to see the hotels and homeS' situated in portunities with you.

By way of caution. The South is full pf would-be lecturers, anxious to speak,

OF BEST METHODS

the choicest spots in the land-along the story was told years ago in ChiLdren's sea coast, on the tops of the hills, on the Work for Children by Doctor John Gilflanks of the mountains and amid en- les'pie. circling meadows and orchards. "On the western slope of the Adiron- Everywhere was natural beauty; dacks," he says, "there is a charming everywhere als'o was an attractive human- enclosure called Edrington Park through ity. No one could move about amid which the Salmon River, a silvery mounsuch scenery and the people so heartily tain stream, flows down in many graceenjoying it without sharing the delight ful curves. The park is what is known and being in sympathy with it. as a 'trout preserve' and is a delightful place for fishing. The continuous stream of automobiles along perfect roads, the canoes, yachts, THE FISHERMAN'S . KOIIEY'JUG and motor-boats on the streams and lakes invited to a constant interchange "The owner of this mountain park is of happy greetings from their occupants. the superintendent of one of our large One could but thank God for it all.. .. and wideawake Sabbath-schools. And he is a superintendent who believes that I could not but wonder how far those children should be trained to give to participating in thes'e ' pleasures were various mission objects through the r eally appreciative of them and how boards of our Church and that they far they were in any worthy way render- should give more to foreign missions ing thanks to God for the good things than to any other one object because He was giving them. Of course, I saw the field is larger and the need greater. many of them attending Sunday ser- So in addition to the regular collection vices and I knew that some of them had made by the school to foreign missions, been making large gifts for human need he gave to each teacher and scholar a at home and abroad. And every now little clay missionary jug. They were and then I heard something said with to be thanksgiving jugs, all the money r ega rd to the missionary ' work of the dropt into them to be expressions of church. thanksgiving.

But I could not help thinking as I saw the wealth about me in costly mansions and hotels, that after all, the thankfulness evinced in contributions to missionary work was not in proportion to the reasons for thanksgiving.

One room less in one-half of those country houses; one day less in those expensive hotels ; one seat or one cylinder less in those motor-cars or boats-if the cost were given to missions-would have raised our $400,000 Emergency Fund twice over, if each of the vacation folk had made that offering.

THE FISHERMEN'S JUG Carefully preserved in a glass case in the Sunday-school room of the West- minster Presbyterian Church, Elizabeth, New Jersey, there is a little clay jug which has had a remarkable history. Its

"Many of the jugs were beautifully bids rose at once to $30, $40, $50, and it decorated, most of them by the owners was finally knocked down at $100. The themselves. But the superintendent had explanation is this-a number of gentlehis decorated by a well-known artist in men had resolved during the evening to accordance with the tastes and instincts buy it for $100 and present it to the of a fisherman. The design was a school with the understanding that every speckled trout jumping to catch a fisher- year it is to be loaned to the fishermen man's fly. on their annual visit to Edrington Park."

"When the season for trout-fishing Such is the story of the "Fishermen's rolled around and a little company of Jug" which in two years yielded $268.25 invited guests-ministers, lawyers, and for foreign missions. Tho no longer in merchants-went for on outing to Ed- use it is still a treasured possession of rington Park, the superintendent's jug the school. "The good old days when was taken along. By common consent the jug was used are still referred to in it was put in a conspicuous place so that the school," says the Rev. L. B. Crane, the fishermen, returning from the day's the present pastor, "and there are many sport, might be reminded of their bless- who still remember the enthusiasm which ings and make grateful acknowledg- it occasioned. Only the other day the ment by dropping something into it. At man who painted it told me the story all the end of the season it remained in the over again." hands of the superintendent who kept dropping in pieces of silver as the days The full amount that the fishermen's went by. jug has yielded to missions is not known. Like the widow's mite, its influence can "When at length the jubilee for the not be measured. "This Sabbath-school," jug-breaking was held, and the concave says Mr. John Davidson, the superintendbottom of the fishermen's jug was gently ent, in a little book on the work of the tapped, how much do you suppose dropt school published some time before his out of it? Fifty-eight dollars! In ad- death, "was the first to suggest and introdition to this, when, with the other deco- duce the earthenware missionary jugs. rated jugs, it was put up at auction, one The now celebrated 'Fishermen's Jug' of the fishermen kept bidding on it until which belongs to this school, has been he secured it for $10.25 !" copied in thousands of schools of our land and in lands beyond the sea. Many Such a jug was too valuable to foreign thousands of dollars have been collected missions to be kept merely as a piece of in these little jugs for the cause of forbric-a-brac. So when the new jugs were eign missions." distributed to the school the fishermen's jug was repaired and it went forth once All this because a little company of more with the anglers to remind them fishermen resolved to return thanks to of their blessings. Then, wher. the teach- God in a substantial form while away ers and scholars assembled again with from home on a summer vacation. their hundreds of little consecrated treasuries to present them to the Lord, it A GIFT FROM BIRCH ISLAND apeared among them. Imagine the surprize and delight when the fisherman who A year or so ago the American Board had bought it held it up and announced received a generous contribution from a that the silver had changed to gold this little summer community at Birch Island, year and it contained $100! Lake Winnepesaukee, which goes to prove that there are tourists who so earn- "When the decorated jugs were put up estly desire the coming of the Kingdom for sale, to the astonishment of all, the that even in the days given over to rest fishermen's jug was started at $25! The and pleasure they are not forgetful of

OF BEST METHODS

its needs. The following note which at this southern resort could be dUPliaccompanied the offering and was printed cated in '/thole or in part in many a in The Missionary Herald, gives a beau- northern resort' during the coming sumtiful picture of Sabbath observance on mer. the part of a little group of vacation folk who took their Christianity with them. "St. Petersburg is a tourist city," says Miss Davidson, "situated on Tampa Bay "We have a very interesting service at and has a popUlation of at least 25,000 the lake," the writer says. "About an in the winter. Many people make their hour before sunset we gather in our homes here for eight or nine months of boats in some sheltered nook under Birch the year; many others for the winter or Jolly Island, and for an hour sing the months only. There are hotels and songs of Zion. Some one offers a brief boarding-houses galore, but it is pracprayer and then the boats untie and de- tically a city of homes owned by persons part singing, 'God Be With You.' known in the local phrase as 'resident tourists,' who return year after year, "We gather 125 persons on the aver- and to some extent identify themselves age through the season. It was a great with the town and its interests. satisfaction to me when this group, by a sort of spontaneous combustion, last Sun- "This situation makes possible such an day desired their summer life to stand organization as' our Woman's Club, which for something tangible in the work of was organized three years ago largely the church. We are of all sorts and through the eff(Jrts of Mrs. Benjamin A. conditions religiously, theologically, Greene who had been president of the Woman's Club of Evanston, Ill" and rather. Biif: we are united in wanting to whose husband was at that time a pro- fessor in the Divinity School of the gather our summer outing into a definite University of Chicago. task. This money came easily and gladly and I am sure it will be continued." "The club is federated and draws to- gether not only many members of other A TOURIST MISSION STUDY CLASS federated clubs but many of the most in- teresting women who visit the town as Two years ago there was held in St. tourists. It makes a point of contact for Petersburg, Florida, a mission study class these women with the more nearly perattended by residents of sixteen states manent residents; provides' us with cerand members of eight denominations, tain educational advantages, for almost which was a great joy to those partici- always we have a number of tourists who pating in it and was productive of large are specialists along certain lines; and results both locally and in far distant gives us an opportunity to work for the centers. town through the local philanthropies and to foster, as best we may, interest in those It was held under the auspices of the things that minister to the higher life. St. Petersburg Woman's Club and was conducted by Miss Clara W. Davidson, "It was Mrs. Greene's great desire that of Pleasantville, Pa., who last year the club should meet actual needs. So, served the Woman's Board of the North- at a meeting early in January, she anwest (Presbyterian) as Field Secretary nounced that classes would be formed of Young People's Work and last sum- for the study of such subjects as the mer conducted study classes at the sum- members might elect. Oddly enough, mer schools at Lakes Geneva and Win- no one asked for any but mission study, ona. and the demand for that was so weak that we dismissed the idea. At our request Miss Davidson has' given the following very suggestive ac- "A day or two la,ter a woma,n fro111 count of the work, and we bespeak for it very careful attention. What 'H as done

Minneapolis came to me-I had been and south and had observed conditions' one of the ushers appointed to receive in widely separated sections of the counrequests at the club meeting-and said try. Our little class became a regular that four or five women of her acquaint- clearing-house for their experiences and ance wished to join a class and wanted opinions. I have never been in a class me to lead it. I demurred at first as where the members worked so hard or they were much older women. But tho so intelligently. The only difficulty was they were eager to study they were not in limiting the length of the sessions. It willing to teach. I had had much ex- was a perfect joy to act as their leader. perience with mission study in' Smith College days and after, and I was much "The last session was given up to a interested in missions. So I could not discussion of the ways in which we could -efuse. help. All the various organizations through which we could make some posi- "The announcement was read in the tive contribution toward solving the probleading Protestant churches of the town lems were thoroughly talked over, the and when the hour came we found at possibilities of mission study and wothe appointed place-a centrally located men's missionary societies being by no boarding-house-25 women very much means forgotten. in earnest and eager to begin. As I had already taught The New America, and "From the beginning we had opened had taken Immigrant Forces at Silver and closed our sessions with prayer and, Bay in the summer, and the women were as the course neared its close, the inglad to study immigration, we chose the crease in earnestness and in a sense of latter book as our text-book, supplement- personal responsibility was vCjl marked. ing it with the former. Most of the We agreed to try, each of us, to do at members bought the text-book and con- least one thing that could be counted as tributed something to the cost of the positive help in the year to come. reference library we sent for. "But we also wanted to do something, "The class met weekly in the afternoon as a class, at once. So we gave our referfor nine sessions. There were no formal ence library to the small semi-public social features, but at the outset the mem- library and decided to give 'The Immibers were personally introduced to one grant Gateway,' a demonstration put out another and a most cordial, friendly spirit by the Missionary Education Movement. prevailed and the basis of some lasting As I had already managed this twice for friendships was laid. We had occasional Presbyterial and Synodical meetings in visitors and some accessions to member- Pennsylvania, I was familiar with it ship; but as' not all could remain for the and had many costumes. I sent north for entire nine weeks, our attendance aver- these and we made many more. aged about 25. "We engaged a large hall and decor- "We used the regular classroom ated it with our own flag and the flags method. All members studied the text- of all nations. About 75 people took book, and special topics and reports were part in the program. This consisted of assigned and prepared from the reference the songs of the various immigrant nabooks and other available material at tions rendered with the aid of a small hand. We had charts and posters and orchestra; the demonstration proper; the literature from various agencies at work reading of 'The Scum 0' the Earth' by for the immigrant. a very talented woman; the singing of 'America Befriend' by the audience; and "Many of the members of the class the reading of Professor Rauschenwere women of wide experience. They busch's 'Prayer for the Immigrant' by a had come from east and west and north pastor at the close. Large quantities of

OF BEST METHODS

free literature was distributed through represented. There was the regular sumthe audience and carried home. mer resort crowd, who came over in tour- ing cars; there were the small tenant "We tried to make the whole affair as farmers and their famili.es; there were impressive as possible and charged only children with their parents from the mis- 10 or 15 cents admission so that no one sion Sunday-schools; while grouped could think it a money-making scheme. around under the trees were negro ser- The expenses were rather heavy, but vants-former slaves and descendants of after they were paid we had $60 to send slaves of the mistress of the place. to the Cuban Mis'sion at Ybor, Tampa's Cuban quarter. Incidentally, many peo- "The missionary program began with ple heard of that work for the first the hymn, 'Jesus Shall Reign,' then Miss time. Hairston spoke a few words of welcome and Mrs. Blair, of Greensboro', gave an "People were very enthusiastic about instructive address. The diocesan presithe affair and wanted it repeated the dent then gave an illustrated talk with following year in the theater. But I living motion pictures-little children did not return that winter and the rest from the Sunday-school at Walnut Cove. were scattered. A choir of young girls marched out to the strains of 'Greenland's Icy Moun- "Many good results of our study class tains,' and the president presented the came to light later. One of these was special objects we are emphasizing this the study of Immigrant Forces by a summer. group of 60 young society women in a cotton-mill city of the Old South, during "The beautiful rolling grounds with a whole year, with much more enthu- stately magnolia trees in full bloom and siasm than their limited programs had the Laura Mountains in the distance ever elicited before." made a most effective background.

A GARDEN PARTY AT A SUMMER "The remainder of the afternoon was . RESORT given over to social enjoyment and tea was served at small tables on the lawn. In April, 1915, in a letter addrest It was all so easy and so delightful that to local societies, Miss Julia C. Emery, we believe many similar gatherings could Secretary of the Woman's Auxiliary of be held. Best of all, each guest seemed the Protestant Episcopal Church, sug- imprest by the missionary features of gested that, during the summer, mission- the occasion and we trust this may bear ary garden parties be held at the various lasting fruit." summer resorts. Many were held, and, through the courtesy of Miss Kate MISSIONARY GUIDE BOOKS Cheshire, President of the North Carolina Branch of the Woman's Auxiliary, World travelers have exceptional opwe were enabled to give an account of a portunities for helping or hindering misvery successful one. sions, not only at home where their re- ports are accepted without question, but "We held the first garden party in our on the field where they leave a trail of diocese at Laura Town, the beautiful either good cheer or discouragement. summer home of Miss Ruth Hairston," says Miss Cheshire. "On July 1, 1915, The trouble with many world travelfrom three to six o'clock, guests from ers who come home and belittle missions, Walnut Cove, Winston-Salem, and more is that they did not take time to hunt up distant points gathered on the spacious the missionary and investigate his work. grounds. In some instances this was due to the fact that they did not know just where "Laura Town is one of our old coun- to find him. try estates, and every type of society was

To remedy this, two missionary guide would you call me if I condemned the books, one for Latin-America, the other great engine in the hold saying it could for the Orient, have been issued by an not carry us to Yokohama, and insisted interdenominational committee repre- that the engineer was so ignorant and senting all the foreign mission boards unskilled as to be unable to manage the in North America. These little mission- machinery. Yet I knew nothing about ary "Baedekers" are packed with in- engines, and had never met the engiformation and are very fully illustrated. neer?" They give much valuable general information in addition to the list of the "I would call you a fool I" was the principal centers of missionary work and quick retort. the places in Anglo-American communities where religious services are con- "Then what are you," asked the doctor, ducted in English. "with your sweeping assertions against missions, when you acknowledge you Every English-speaking traveler who know nothing about them?" visits mission lands should carry one of these guide books. They are free to "It does not seem fair," was the honest tourists and may be obtained on Trans- answer. "What book is that?" Pacific steamers, at prominent points in mission lands, and in America by ad- " 'The Transformation of Hawaii.' " dressing "The Anglo-American Com- "Oh, indeed 1 May I borrow it for half munities Committee, Room 809, 156 Fifth an hour?" Avenue, New York, N. Y." To those not He took the book to his stateroom tourists the cost is 20 cents each. where he would not be observed and read for half an hour. Then he returned, say- CONVERTING A TOURIST-CRITIC ing he had promised to write for his county paper in Vermont and had found Not long after the close of the Span- the book so interesting he would like ish-American vVar, when Doctor W. C. to quote a few paragraphs. Lambuth (now Bishop) was en l'oute to "You may quote as much as you like," China, he found among his fellow travel- said Doctor Lambuth, "provided you ers the secretary of one of the great give the proper credit." naval heroes of the conflict. This man He returned to his stateroom and had no use for missionaries and was afterward confest that he had copied loud in his condemnation of their work. two or three chapters bodily. Ey and by he changed his mind. What At Honolulu he was shown the miscaused this was told in Go FOrlc'al'd, sionary at work; the native preachers somewhat as follows: whose ancestors were heathen; and the great church built of solid coral blocks Shortly after reaching Honolulu, dug from the reef by native Christians'. while sitting on deck with Doctor Lam- And he was told of the annual gift of buth, this critic reopened his tirade, $45,000 raised for the spread of the asserting that missions were a failure Gospel by these islanders who less than and the converts "rice Christians." a century ago were idolators. On re- turning to the vessel he avowed himself "Have you ever seen missionaries at a friend of missions. work?" asked Doctor Lambuth. "Never again," he said, "will I open my mouth against men and women who "N0," was the reply, "I have not. I have worked so devotedly and so suchave no use for such misguided men." cessfully. The cause of missions needs no advocate. It speaks for itself." "My friend," said the doctor, "what

I DI

MISSIONS-SPIRITUAL AND betterment of mankind, and none can see the ignorance, suffering, and poverty, M MATERIAL especially in Asia and Africa, without a ANY good men and women who are desire and effort to better conditions. engaged in laudable enterprises are This is good. Is the good the enemy of criticized because of the things they the best? Should social service be conleave undone, the words they leave un- demned because it is not evangelism? said, the influence they do not exert. Is Should schools be closed because there this just? are not trained teachers available with missionary motive? Should hospitals re- For example: The·Y. M. C. A. in Great fuse. grants to make them efficient be- Britain is just now receiving unusual cause such grants of money will secularpraise and unusual criticism for its work ize them? Should industrial enterprizes for soldiers. The commendations come which improve living conditions be closed from those who formerly have thought because they do not produce Christian the work too narrowly religious and un- converts? Should Y. M. C. A. work for practical, and who now see the social and soldiers be discredited because of the physical benefits of the "huts" in concen- limits put upon religious propaganda? tration camps and at the front. The criticism comes from those who object Most Christians will reply, "No," emto the "broad" position of the Y. M. C. A. phatically to these questions. However workers, the inclusion of Jews and Cath- much all may wish to have every agency olics without an effort to convert them, and method inbreathed with the evanand a general lack of an openly evan- gelistic spirit,· and productive of spiritual gelical and evangelistic motive and aim results, men see too obviously the need in all the work and workers. of these agencies for physical and social betterment to permit them to discredit Missions and missionaries are subject such agencies or their benefits. to similar criticism. Many who hold strictly to preaching the Gospel object to While this is true, one caution should the large expenditures on secular educa- be noted, for it represents the cause of the tion and the employment of non-Chris- dissension: Work should not be misrepretian teachers. Some believe that the sented; claims should not be made to win medical mission work in China will lose support that would not be given if the its missionary aim and fruitage through real facts were known; money should not the Rockefeller gifts, with the larger be used for purposes for which it has not employment of non-missionary physicians been given. This cuts both ways. It is and the emphasis on the technical rather not right to ask for contributions for than on the spiritual results. Industrial evangelistic work from those who, if missions have been criticized on the they knew the facts would only give to ground that they strive so eagerly after intellectual, social, or physical bettermaterial and financial success that the ment. Claims should not he made for the missionaries have no time or inclination spiritual character of Y. M. C. A. work for spiritual work. and some missions that can not be sub- stantiated. Much of the work for s01- There is undoubtedly great need for the educational, medical, and industrial

diers and some mission work in China, missionary work gives an opportunity japan, and India is philanthropic, but not to enlist the cooperation of all classes of distinctly spiritual. It appeals to men's people. A world-wide missionary prodesire for temporal benefits, not for a gram is inspiring on account of its greatspiritual life. A sense of need and fail- ness-its universality. ure is awakened, but no sense of sin against God; there is a desire fOf reform 4. The achievements of Christian but not for repentance; Christianity is missions offer the conclusive answer to accepted as a possible improvement on the honest skeptic. They furnish exold religions, but there is no real ac- amples of modern miracles and of aposceptance of Christ as Son of God and a tolic power. The life stories of missionpersonal Savior. Let us call things by aries are thrilling and elevating. their right names, and make only the claims that can be substantiated. S. An interest in the progress of mis- sions on the frontier strengthens faith The good need not be the enemy of the and leads to more earnest and definite best, for if the best is achieved the good prayer. No one can see the obstacles in will be possest. Surely when the Master the way of the Gospel without realizing comes to judge the deeds done in the the need of human dependence on God body He will not discount any loving and none can see these barriers fade service for the benefit of suffering man- away by divine interposition without inkind, but will He not say to some who creased confidence in the power of God claim to be His disciples who have been to overcome the lesser difficulties at absorbed with less abiding labors: "These home. things ought ye to have done and not to have left the others undone." 6. When a pastor and his people really learn to give cheerfully to mis- MISSIONS AND THE PASTOR sionary work, their hearts are enlarged and their purses are opened so that they MANY pastors are flooded with liter- give more gladly to the needs seen at ature to show them what they, as home. It is always the experiences of key men, should do for missions. They churches that there is that giveth and sometimes overlook the things that mis- yet increaseth, and there is that withsions will do for them and their congre- holdeth more than is meet, and it tendeth gations. Many a church has found that to poverty-in local expenses and in new life in every branch of service and personal matters. new power in preaching come with a revivified interest in missionary work and a 7. Lastly, a whole-hearted cooperalarger acceptance of responsibility for it. tion in world-wide missionary work links a pastor and his people more closely to 1. An interest in world-wide missions God and His loving purpose and probroadens the pastor's horizon and re- gram for the world. The result is seen duces the provincialism of his people. in deeper sympathy with divine ideals and methods, stronger spiritual life and 2. A knowledge of other races, their a renewed consecration of boys and customs, creeds, and needs increases in- girls and young people to the service of telligence, and deepens sympathy. It Christ, where even He may call them. gives the culture of travel to stay-athomes. No pastor, when called to his last ac- counting will have cause to regret that 3. The advocacy of missions at home he manifested too large an interest in and abroad gives the preacher a larger the divine program for the world but message and an authority and courage many will lament their failure to lead based on the great commission of our their people in larger visions, greater Lord. The varied character of modern faith, and more unselfish service.

WODLD-WIDE

MISSIONADY NE S AMERICA accepted the call of the International Raymond Robins' Evan&,elistic Work Committee of the Y. M. C. A. to go to THE evangelistic campaigns conduct- Russia and take charge of the work there on behalf of the German, Austrian, and ed by Mr. Raymond Robins have Hungarian prisoners of war. There were been, for the students of many institu- more than four millions of men and boys tions, the great event of the present col- in the prisoner-of-war camps of the Allege year. During January and Feb- ruary twelve college campaigns were lies and their opponents. Of all the coun- held; four of thes'e were in the South- tries where these prisoners of war are west, three in Canada, and five in the found, Russia affords possibly the most Eastern field. In these 12 campaigns, significant opportunity. In European and there were 72 men's meetings, and all- Siberian Russia, chiefly the latter, there university convocations, with a combined are to-day concentrated in scores of prisattendance of 46,645; nine special meet- on camps over one million Teutonic sol- ings for women students were held, with diers, massed in companies from a few a total attendance of 3,362; in 10 of the hundred to over ten thousand. They have institutions faculty conferences were all their time on their hands, and are se- conducted, with an average of 64 pres- rious and responsive to kindness and to ent at each meeting. truth. The International Committee of In the 12 campaigns there were no Young Men's Christian Associations has less than 3,600 men students and faculty been granted the unique privilege of en- members who made decisions for the tering all of these camps and of organiz- Christian life. While it would be wrong ing practical Christian work on their be- to assume that all of these decisions rep- half. What lends even larger significance resent primary confessions of faith in to this movement is the fact that the Rus- Christ and His program, there is no sian government has given permission to denying that a good many, perhaps a work among the Teutonic prisoners, on majority, do fall in this class. condition that Germany and Austria Special mention is made of the results' would give similar permission to the In- at Dartmouth College. Similar meetings ternational Committee to do a corre- were held in other colleges during sponding work among the Allied prison- March. Letters of appreciation speak of ers in these countries. This condition has the effectiveness of Mr. Robins' appeal, been accepted. It would be difficult to leading as he does to the personal need exaggerate the importance of this enter- of Christ through the social, economic, prise on behalf of the prisoners of the and political problems of the day. countries on both sides ·of the war. It is believed that this unselfi5h service un- Dr. Haggard Goe. to RUlSia der American leadership will do more to THE Rev. Fred P. Haggard, D.D., for- promote right feeling and relationships merly Home Secretary of the Ameri- after the war than anything else which can Baptist Foreign Mission Society, has is now being accomplished.

Religious Sight-seeing ond National Missionary Congress. It THE Junior Clergy Missionary Asso- will plan the future work of the move- ciation of the Diocese of New York, ment, both denomin~tional and interde- nominational. Attendance is restricted convinced that many members of choirs, in number, and will be by invitation only. brotherhoods, Sunday-schools, and mis- The congress will be inspirational as well sionary societies would be interested and as deliberative-this is assured by the informed by seeing how the Church participation of the nation's most noted works in a great diocese, have made ar- missionary leaders. rangements to conduct parties on special tours of inspection and information. One War Problems In Northern Canada of these is to the cathedral grounds in New York, with their important and in- THE effects of the war are being felt teresting buildings, and includes also St. in the farthest part of Northern Can- Luke's Hospital. A second is to the immigrant station at Ellis Island and the ada. Missionaries living at or near the Seamen's' Church Institute. Others cover Hudson Bay Company's trading posts the Tombs, police headquarters, the insti- find that higher rates are being charged tutions on Blackwell's Island, and sev- for goods, provisions, and freight. This eral of the charitable and philanthropic means that the missionaries must pracinstitutions connected with the City Mis- tise more self-denial and endure more sion. Guides are furnished on any af- privation. In an interesting letter, the ternoon when arrangements are made Rev. R. Faries of York Factory, one of beforehand. It will certainly be the case the oldest mission stations in the Dothat visiting church people from outside minion, says that the perplexing effects of New York city will be glad to avail of the war are not easy to deal with, for themselves of this opportunity of seeing the Indians are asking the missionaries the important institutions which may be many questions, especially desiring found in the metropolis.-Spirit of Mis- to know why nations are at war if they sions. have been taught to worship the God of love. When it is explained that this warfare is due to sin and unfaithfulness A Ten-Year Program for Laymen to God, the Indians are still puzzled to T HE Laymen's Missionary Movement know where the power of Christianity plans at Washington, D. C, April comes in, and so missionaries have to 26th-30th, to determine a ten-year pro- teach them again the simple secret of gram. The laymen are putting into the personal religion as the only power for movement the same business sagacity holy living.

that they use in their commercial enter- A prise. These men are not day-laborers at Labrador Missionaries on Parole CTING under instruction from the Christian work; they work by decades.

This information should be an inspiration Dominion Government, Captain to thousands of churches that have never Jackson of the Labrador coast brought worked by program. A man or an organi- with him to St. John's, Newfoundland, on zation that merely wants to keep aRoat his first trip southward in the summer, all can meet defensively the demands of the the male Germans connected with the day as they come. But a movement that Moravian Mission in Labrador. As a re- moves-that does things-must plan ag- sult of an interview which the captain gressive progress. This spirit the Lay- thereupon had with the Minister of Jus- men's Movement is helping to put into tiee at St. John's, and of the previous in- our churches. tervention of the Governor and of the The meeting at Washington is the sec- mission agent in that city, the mission-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

aries and storekeepers who had been of the twentieth of ]ohn."-Record of brought down were all allowed to return Christian Work. to their posts, but they were accompanied by three or four policemen. These had The Missionary Conference In Cuba instructions to stay at the stations until the last ship visited the coast in the IMMEDIATELY following the close autumn, when they were to return south. of the Congress on Christian work at At first the intention was, it s'eems, that Panama, a number of the delegates went these German members of the missionary to Cuba, to attend the conference on staff on the coast should be interned: evangelical work which was held in Hahowever, that was altered, and they have vana. The official count showed 120 now been allowed to resume their work registered delegates, both from the on parole. They went north on board United States and from the Cuban field, the Harmony. and interest and enthusiasm were evi- (lenced to a remarkable degree. The po- LATIN AMERICA sition and influen<;e of the Catholic church in Cuba were discust thoroughly. Porto Ricans Know Their Bibles Altho Rome is large numerically in Cuba, it exerts comparatively little influence on IN Fajardo, Porto Rico, is a Porto the political situation. Throughout the population there is a noticeable indiffer- Rican Congregational church founded ence to all religion, and this lack of any by the late Dr. Edwards. The region desire for religious things is one of the is owned by sugar companies and the missionary's problems. The questions church members are chiefly native em- of comity and overlapping were taken ployees of the company. The church up, and it is anticipated that very soon is thoroughly grounded in the Bible. all unoccupied territory will be taken Miss McLiver, who has supervision over care of and duplications corrected. A it at present, said to a recent visitor: "committee of conference for Cuba" was "If you desire it as a part of the Scrip- appointed to work with the large central ture lesson this evening, you may ask committee provided for at the Panama the congregation to repeat in concert the congress. Sub-committees on education, nineteenth, twenty-third, or ninety-first survey and literature were also arranged Psalm, the fifty-third of Isaiah or the for. The Porto Rico conference, which fourteenth of John, the thirteenth of began March 16th, followed a somewhat First Corinthians or the twelfth of similar program. Romans." "I regarded her in astonishment. I have spoken in churches in A Progressive Mexican G,overnor various parts of the world, but never had heard of a congregation that could be IN returning to their work in Mexico, depended upon to do anything like that. They recited the twelfth of Romans in the Presbyterian missionaries reconcert perfectly, from beginning to mained for a time in Merida, Yucatan. end….. Miss McLiver has told me From there Miss Blanche B. Bonine since that this church of Porto Ricans wrote in the winter: could repeat in concert the Books of the Bible and Divisions of the Bible, the "I don't believe there is a place in the Ten Commandments, the first, nineteenth, Republic that needs a good normal school twenty-third, fifty-first and ninety-first more than this does. This new governor Psalms, and the chapters above men- is a very great reformer. One of his tioned. Also the first twenty verses of reforms is that there must be a seat in a the second chapter of Matthew for the school provided for every child in the Christmas' lesson and twenty-two verses state between the ages of five and four- teen. He told them in October that this

would go into effect February 1st. There finances of the Society have been in such is such a scurrying and hunting of teach- a serious condition that it seemed necesers as was never seen. For in the mean- sary to announce some time ago that time they have discovered that he means unless there was an increase of £20,000 what he says, that warnings grow into in contributions, the work of the Society realities. Each haciendado must supply in Calcutta and Mirzapur, India, would his own school and the consequence is have to be given up, and the activities the poor men do not know where to turn. in the South Seas greatly reduced. The danger of the abandonment of this long "Another reform he has instituted is established work has proved to be a sufin connection with liquor drinking. After ficient summons to the constituency of February 1st, the only thing that it will the Society to make the needed effort. be possible to buy in Yucatan at a By the first of March three-quarters of drinking place will be beer." the sum required had been secured, and it was confidently expected that by the A Peruvian Family Baptized close of the fiscal year, May 1st, the remaining $5,000 would be con- SHORTLY after the passage of the tributed. Rev. Basil Matthews, editor act establishing religious liberty in of the London Missionary Society Chronicle, says of this response of the Peru, the missionary at work in Huanuco churches to the need of the Society: wrote of some who had presented themselves for baptism: "This is an event not simply in the history of the Society, but in the spiritual "There was a happy cluster of three. life of the churches of our land. It re- The man, eighteen months before, had veals an awakening of soul, a quickened thought of stealing some books on witch- passion for the coming of the Kingdom craft from the shelf of a woman he of God. It is, in a real sense, revival." knew; in the act of doing so he saw that she had a more uicked book still-a Bibles by the Hundred Thousand book denounced by priests and all religious people. His eyes sparkled. He W HILE books are becoming increassaid to himself, 'I'll be as wicked as I ingly difficult and expensive to can find out how to be … I'll read that produce, the directors of the Bible Sobook.' It was a Bible. Night after night ciety have been looking carefully ahead he sat up reading this book straight in order that their supplies may not run through, and was converted. The second short. At their meeting on January 17th to be baptized was this man's mother. the committee sanctioned orders for Her papers show how she would have 500,000 copies of the penny English none of it when he offered to read her the Testament; 300,000 copies of the two- Protestant· Book. So he used a little penny English Testament; and 75,000 guile and never let her know what book copies of the latter printed on India he was reading from. At last the light paper. At the present rate of distribubegan to dawn, and she said: tion these should be sufficient to meet the demand for such Testaments at the Bible "'Those are holy things you are read- House through the greater part of this ing.' year. At the same meeting the com- mittee also authorized the printing of "The third was the Bible-stealer's wife. 440,000 Gospels in French. They further She knows the difference in him." sanctioned the printing of 120,000 Rus- sian Gospels; 20,000 New Testaments; EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN and 10,000 New Testaments with the T The L. M. S. Cri.i. Averted HE Directors of the London Mis- sionary Society have been passing through a time of great anxiety. The

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Psalter-all for Russian prisoners o:f vided more than 400,000 Testaments war in central Europe. In addition to among the soldiers of Europe. these, estimates were accepted for printing 24,000 copies of the Scriptures in With the Italian Soldier. various foreign languages, mainly for missionary purposes. THE Waldensian Church in Italy has fully realized the new opportunities A Simultaneous Campaign for Christian work due to the fact that no lesS' than 3,000,000 soldiers, the pick T HE Y. M. C. A. are proposing to hold and the flower of the country, are massed a campaign, or series of campaigns, in a comparatively small territory in the the first of which will take place in the proper mood to receive and assimilate areas from Suffolk to Devonshire, "to the message of the Gospel. Steps were enlist on the side of God and the right, accordingly taken to reach as many as under the standard of the Lord Jesus possible and sow broadcast the Wora Christ," the men who during past months of God. The Italian government nomihave come under the influence of the nated three Waldensian pastors as chapcamp-workers. Large numbers' of the lains to their co-religionists in the army men will most likely be drafted abroad with the same rank-captain-salary, during the spring, and it is hoped by this privileges and duties as the chaplains of effort to bring the claims of Christ home the Roman Church. They hold services to the great mass of them, many of regularly in the trenches, whenever poswhom, before the end of the war, will sible, visit the wounded in the infirmaries without a doubt pass into eternity. It and hospitals and comfort the dying. No is a supreme opportunity for influencing other denomination has had this privithem-"the chance of a generation." The lege. A committee of assistance and reperiod decided on is from March 12th lief for Italian evangelical soldiers has to 26th, and a campaign, generally of been organized in Turin to keep in touch three days' duration, will be held in each with all the Protestant soldiers, over Y. M. C. A. Hut. 5,000 now. Every soldier is supplied with a New Testament, a comfort kit THE CONTINENT and possibly woolen clothing. Relief is also given to families of reservists. Read- Thank. for Teatamenta Given ing-rooms and rest-rooms for soldiers have been opened by the Waldenses in THE Empress of Russia has sent a Rome, Turin, Milan, Brescia, Verona, letter to John Kilburn, Secretary of Venezia, Bori, under the direct superthe Russian National Bible Society, ex- vision of the local Waldensian pastors. pressing thanks on behalf of Grand Duke In some of these places notices of the Alexis, the nine-year-old heir-apparent opening of the rooms have been posted to the Russian throne, for a nUillber of in the barracks by permission of the Testaments given by American Sunday- military authorities. school children to the Russian soldiers. The letter was prompted by a recent in- News of German Missionaries stalment of 8,000 Testaments which will be sent to the army by the Empress' own THE first shipload of German missionsupply train in the name of the young aries expelled from India has ar- Grand Duke. Thirty-three thousand rived in Germany. The Golconda ar- Testaments have already been distributed rived January 13th at the mouth of the among Russian soldiers. The World's Thames with 600 prisoners. From there Sunday-school Association has collected they were transported on a Dutch from the Sunday-school children of steamer, where the treatment was ex- America over $21,000, which has pro-

ceptionally good, to Vlissingen, where unselfish men and women. I have come the inhabitants gave the fugitives a royal to respect all and love many of them. reception. They met here the repre- As an American citizen I have been sentatives of their societies and were proud of them. As an American Ambastaken home. sador to Turkey I have been delighted to help them. Concerning the work of German missions in the war zone, scarce but yet "They are in Turkey not through any gladsome news arrives from the coast desire for political favor or self-agland of North Kamerun, from German grandizement, but for the service to the East Africa, and from the district of Turks only. My own greatest task has Kiautschau, where the Berlin Mission been, perhaps, to convince the Ottoman is able to keep on each one of its three government that the great schools and stations at least one missionary. Every- colleges, created by the Americans, must where the native Christians remain faith- be left untouched, no matter what hapful.-Evangelisches Missions M agazin. pens. I told them that l1nless that was done when a time came for the settle- MOSLEMS IN ASIA ment of the war they would find me an advocate against them. I did not suc- Ambassador Morgenthau's Tribute ceed because of any great personal power, but because of the fact that I represented MR. MORGENTHAU, the American a great and just nation." Ambassador to Turkey, has been the object of many attentions, to express Armenians Under Persecution appreciation of his official service at Constantinople. Altho a Hebrew, he has had THE missionaries bear convincing very close relations with Christian forces testimony that, for the most part, at work in Turkey, and has borne the heartiest testimony to their value and im- Armenians have met the test as Chrisportance. In an address in New York tians should, with fortitude and strong City he declared that the American mis- faith. One young lady missionary speaks sionaries in Turkey were among the for them generally when she describes finest people he had ever known. The what happened at one of the American man to whom he "most often turned for Board stations. advice and counsel in Constantinople is an official of the American Board for "Miss — and I saw the departure Foreign Missions, W. W. Peet." He said of hundreds of Armenians into a hopealso: less exile. It was heart-breaking and too awful even to imagine in detail, yet we "A residence of over two years in praise the God of all mankind, whether Turkey has given me the best possible Moslem or Christian, that we were peropportunity to see the work of the mitted to see the spirit of Christian faith American missionaries and to know the and humility manifested by so many in workers intimately. Without hesitation the darkest period of Armenian history. I declare my high opinion of their keen There may have been examples of hardinsight into the real needs of the people heartedness and cursing against God and of Turkey. The missionaries have the an utter losing of faith, but we did not right idea. They go straight to the personally come in contact with them. foundations and provide those intellec- How often did we pray together with tual, physical, moral and religious' bene- those about to go, and with the tears fits upon which alone any true civiliza- streaming down our faces beseech God tion can be built. The missionaries are to keep our faith sure! How often did the devoted friends of the people of Tur- men and women clasp OUr hands at partkey and they are brave, intelligent, and ing, saying, 'Let God's' will be done, we

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have no other hope!' – – Effendi – – , are 12,000, and probably 10,000 more in the Protestant preacher, came to our the Khoy and Albak regions-nearly 50,- compound the morning of his leaving 000 in all. The aid granted by the mis- and asked that with the girls and teach- sion and relief organizations heretofore ers we might all have worship together. has been just enough to keep the fam- His young wife, who was about to be- ished Armenians and Syrians alive-not come a mother, was left to our care. enough, in countless cases, to keep them Whether they will ever be reunited I do from illness.

not know. With entire calm he read Mrs. W. P. Ellis, writing of the dis- from God's Vord and prayed God's pro- tribution of quilts, says: tection for us all who were left behind. "People at home, tucked warmly in At the close he asked that the girls sing 'He leadeth me.''' their snug single beds, can not appreciate what it meant to these poor refugees to receive the warm covering which would A Center of Neutrality keep life in not a single body, but a DURING the past year and a half, stu- whole family." dents from the Syrian Protestant For awhile the mission was able to College have gone out and fought and give employment to women and children died on both sides in the world war.. in making the quilts, but even this has Others have worked in the Red Cross, had to be stopt now, and these helpless binding up the wounds of the fighters refugees are without means of support. and carrying the principles of the Good Prayers are going up from the mission- Samaritan and kindly service into the aries all over Persia that American land of the Moslem, under the sign of Christians will realize how terrible is the Red Cross, thus actively illustrating the situation and give-give quickly and the principles of Christ in the land of largely.

His birth. The students in the college represent a dozen races and a half-dozen What the Future May See In Persia A religions. In the classroom, on the ath-LL the Church Missionary Society stations in Persia have now been letic field, and in their social life they meet on a basis of international friend- evacuated. The missionaries left Ispa- ship and mutual trust. On that college han, under government orders, in Octo- campus the work of reconstruction in ber, and Kerman and Yezd in December.

the Near East is progressing at the very Those from Kerman reached Bombay time when armies are fighting over the about January 19th, while the Yezd mis- possession of this historic land. And sionaries arrived safely at Teheran about when the war is finished and the coun- a week later. Mis:;ionary work in Persia try turns to its young men for leaders, has always been uphill work, but that the lasting work that the Syrian Prot- there is every promise of an abundant estant College has been doing will be harvest can be seen from the following, evident in a new spirit of brotherhood written by Mr. W. H. Allinson some little in this link-land among the nations. time before leaving Isapahan: "It has been my joy and privilege to take a regu- A Misery In Urumia Unabated lar share in the preaching at the Persian NOTHER call for immediate relief evangelistic services. To see a congrega- for the afflicted people of the Urumia tion of 300 Moslem men and women, plain has been sent out. practically the whole of them non-Chris- In Urumia there are 30,000 people de- tians, is inspiring, and to know that very pending on charity for the meagerest many of them are really open to the kind of an existence. In Salmas there teaching is most hopeful for the future<

ingathering when more perfect freedom villages. 29 cities of more than 100,000. of conscience is granted." Languages.-147 distinct languages.

Doctor Burned Alive 23 in use by a million or more.

DR. JACOB SARGIS, an American The Hope of India To-day Methodist medical missionary, who arrived in Petrograd after narrowly es- IN summarizing the results of his recaping death at the hands of the Turks cent work in India, Mr. G. Sherwood and Kurds in Urumia, Persian Armenia, Eddy says: aserted that among the outrages committed against the Christian refugees was "An evangelistic campaign has now the burning to death of an American been launched in various parts of India. doctor named Simon or Shimmun, as he The South India United Church, with a was known there. He said: community of 165,000, has undertaken a three years' campaign for winning the "Dr. Shimmun was in the village of Hindus. The Syrians of Travancore, in Supurghan when the Turks attacked that even larger numbers, have joined the place. He was among those who took movement. The Bishop of Madras, the refuge on a mountain near the lakes. He Bishop of Tinnevelly, and others are was captured and told that, since he had cooperating in the south. The General been a good doctor and had helped the Assembly of the Presbyterian Church wounded, they would not kill him, but for all India has decided to undertake that he must accept the Mohammedan such a movement in the north. The faith. He refused, as almost all Chris- Marathi Mission in western India, the tians did. They poured oil on him, and, Bengali Pastors' Union in Calcutta, and before applying the torch, gave him an- other bodies have already joined the genother chance to forsake his religion. eral movement to prepare the Christians Again he refused, and they set his clothes by prayer, training in Bible study, and afire. While fleeing in agony due to the voluntary personal evangelism to reach flames the Turks shot him several times. the non-Christians. In all India to-day After he fell to the ground unconscious it is this arousing of the Christians that they hacked his head off." is the most encouraging and promising. Given an awakened Church, and the INDIA future of India is assured. Without it, no methods, meetings or men can hope to Facts Set Forth by Figures win many or solve the problem of India's evangelization. It is this awakening of THE following convenient figures are the Church that is the greatest hope of furnished by the Madras Y. M. C. A. India to-day." They were compiled from reliable sources and were used in the prepara- Caring for German Mi..ions tion of the charts for Mr. Sherwood Eddy. THE essential spirit of Christian brotherhood is being manifested in Area.-l,802,192 square miles. 7 times India in the provision that is being made Germany, 10 times Japan, 15 times Brit- by the representatives of other nationish Isles. alities to maintain the work of the Ger- man missionaries, who, because of the Population.-315,OOO,000 or 1-5 of war, have all been removed from their world, 3 times United States of America. fields. Madras and Mysore, more people than Japan. The Directors of the Leipzig Mission, the largest German mission in India, Divisions.-14 Provinces, 675 Native which was at work in Madras Presi- States.

Distribution.- 9-10 of population in

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dency, have legally made over all the lish schools and finance the scheme property to the Church of Sweden Mis- throughout. The board should provide sion, which has for many years been the mlsslOnary superintendent, who working alongside of the Leipzig Mis- would take full charge and have a free sion and in friendly cooperation. The hand in the management; and should London Missionary Society permitted also furnish teachers for the schools. one of its missionaries to go to Shiyali The government would provide the and take charge of the high school there. superintendent's dwelling, the board giv- This arrangement has been greatly ap- ing his salary. A thousand acres' of land preciated. are available for the settlement. It will take nearly a year to make plans and to The Basel Mission, working on the put up buildings, but a resident missionwest coast and in the Bombay Presi- ary is likely to be needed toward the dency, is international, and British and close of 1916. Swiss missionaries were working with Germans. Since all the Germans have A similar opportunity is opening bebeen interned, the Swiss and British have fore the Marathi Mission in its Sholapur done their best to man the stations. district, tho matters are not so far ad- vanced there. No definite arrangements As has already been stated in the have yet been made, but the sum of REVIEW, the English Bishop of Chota $1,500 has been given by a group of men Nagpur, Bishop Westcott, has under- in St. Louis to finance the missionary taken the support of the Gassner Mis- side of the enterprise. sion during the course of the war. He has obtained the help of some clergy, SIAM AND THE LAOS but he needs a considerable sum of money monthly to enable him to continue the Leper Asylum In Chiengmai schools and institutions in an efficient state.-The Harvest Field. ONE of the best known of the insti- tutions which are carrying on the Saving a Robber Tribe ministry of Christ to lepers to-day is the THE cooperation of the British gov- asylum conducted by Dr. J. W. McKean, ernment with missionaries in India in dealing with robber tribes has already of Chiengmai, Siam, who is now in this been mentioned in the REVIEW. A new country on furlough. An island in the and striking opportunity has been placed river, five miles from the city, had long before the Madura Mission of the been used as the playground of a very American Board in its relations with vicious royal elephant, but when this the Kallar tribe, which numbers about animal died six years ago, Dr. McKean 200,000 people. succeeded in obtaining, as a royal gift, half the island, 160 acres, on which to The Kallars have been robbers for establish the first leper asylum in the generations, regarding theft as a business kingdom. It was opened in 1913 with and theirs by heredity, just as the car- 100 patients, now increased to 179. Dr. penters claim their trade by inherited Robert E. Speer visited the asylum durright. ing his recent trip to Siam, and wrote of it: Government proposed that the mission should take charge of a settlement for "The morning that we were there 25 these people. The district magistrate lepers were baptized and welcomed to and superintendent of police, with a com- the Lord's table. I think the highest mittee from the mission, made a plan to honor I ever had in my life was to be the effect that government should estab- allowed to hold the baptismal bowl out of which these lepers were baptized. I

am taking it home as a priceless memo- adjourned meeting was held at the rial. Of their own accord, the lepers Second Church of Bangkok, which is brought to this Communion service a located at Wang Lang, for the purpose gift of 36 rupees, given out of their of ordaining Elder Kim Heng as pastor poverty and meager earnings to help of that church. A very impressive serlepers in other lands who might be more vice was conducted, which has had a unfortunate than they." good effect all over the city of Bangkok. This is the second native pastor in the Good Things Seen In Siam presbytery, and it has caused the Siam- ese to take the matter of native pastors THIS picture by a visiting missionary more to heart than heretofore. in Siam should be carefully read. We may well learn lessons both from its CHINA methods and its native workers. China's Contribution to Christianity "Sunday we spent nearly three hours in a little palm-leaf church, with its BISHOP BASHFORD, whose knowlearthen floor and uncomfortable benches, edge of the Chinese people gives listening to one quarter's review of the Sunday-school lessons conducted by men his words unusual weight, says that Chinwho had not been Christians many years. ese Christians will undoubtedly make a The whole church there is the Sunday- distinct contribution to Christianity. In school. Everyone takes part, asks and extracts from an article by one of the answers questions. I have never been Christian Chinese leaders will be found a in a more satisfactory Sunday-school suggestion of what this contribution may in any part of the world. Several mem- be: David Z. T. Yui, a live-wire among bers of the church were away in dif- Chinese Christian young men, in the ferent neighborhoods holding Christian Chinese Recorder, on "A Constructive services wherever they could get a con- Program for the Christian Church in gregation, and prayer by the church was China," points out that efficiency, cooffered for all who were thus giving the operation and personality are needed to Sabbath to work. Later in the afternoon make the best use of the present opporthe women of the church met in prayer, tUlllties. Under personality he says: and in the evening the men held by "We firmly believe that Christianity themselves their prayer meeting. The stands for the personality of Christ, and missionary has a unique training-class for Christ himself, and that the Chrisfor Christian workers. Some six men tian Church represents men and women meet with him very early in the morning who form themselves in a fellowship to and study the Scriptures two or three worship God, and to be imbued with hours. They are then sent directly with Christ's personality, and through such the message they have learned out to the personality to attract and win others to different houses and districts, wherever God and to Christ." "The more of they have an entranGe." Christ's personality we have incorporated and exemplified in our own lives the THE The Progress In Siam stronger and more powerful shall we be Presbytery of Siam reports the in winning others to Christ." "We net gain of church members for should pray that Christ's personality may the year was 181, which brings the transcend al1 our work whatever it may total number in the presbytery up to be. For every endeavor, even with 1,002. There is manifest on every hand methods of highest efficiency and most an unusual degree of hopefulness in the beautiful cooperation, if not marked by <;hurch work. On September 30th an Christ's personality, will be in vain,"

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A Coal Mine and a Church Hangchow, 160 who had signed cards at recent meetings decided to become Chris- AN interesting place in which to tians; the majority of these came from study in operation some of the some 13 government schools in Hangforces which are making the new chow. In Foochow, about 450 of those China is Ping-Hsiang, in Hunan prov- who had signed cards in evangelistic ince, where a bituminous coal mine is meetings have since decided to become employing in entirely modern works, Christians. Of these, more than 100 under foreign engineers, some ten have already been baptized, and 200 more thousand men. Rev. Walworth Tyng, are in probationers' classes preparing for of the American Episcopal mission in baptism.-Chinese Recorder. Changsha, writes of it: Timothy Richard's Resignation "The mine is only 90 miles from Changsha, at the end of our one piece 'THE Christian Literature Society, of of railway. Years ago graduates of the Mission schools began to figure in China, will greatly miss Dr. Timothy the staff of the company, as they do Richard, who has recently resigned from in every great modern enterprise in the position of secretary, after 24 years China. So from Changsha we began of service. Great changes have occurred occasional visits to them; yet not long in China during Dr. Richard's connecafter, on the division of the British tion with the society. When he began and American dioceses, we surrendered his term of office, China, as he has said, the work to British control. lacked four things: true science, true history, true economy, and true religion. "The congregation has steadily pros- As to the first, Chinese text-books said pered. Altho there are only about nothing about chemistry or physics. As thirty communicants. they were able, to history, the text-books spoke of China on July 1, 1915, to present for dedi- as the only civilized nation! As Jo cation a new church building built economics, the Chinese books never told largely with their own contributions. students about the advantages to be de- Remarkable indeed for China is both rived from international trade. Finally, the busy mining town and also its as to religion, any Chinese who became church built more than two-thirds by a Christian was liable to be dismissed native funds. from the government service.-Outlook.

"The European war called away many Union Meetings In War Time of the German engineers, including the chief. The new chief is a Chinese and BESIDES the Yale Mission and ceralso a Christian. His wife is an earnest tain other American missionaries, graduate of St. Mary's Hall. It would be difficult to convey an understanding there are to be found in the city of of the growing influence of the half- Changsha, Hunan, representatives of the million Protestant Christians in China." English Vesleyan Society and a group of German missionaries affiliated with A Results Gathered In the China Inland Mission. Rev. G. G, S a result of the "follow-up" work Varren, of the former, writes: in connection with the evangelistic meetings held during 1914-15 at Cant')ll, "As far as I know, the war has not 148 of those who signed cards as "in- made the slightest difference to the revestigato.rs" have since been baptized. lations of the Chinese Christians and Simultaneous evangelistic meetings held Christian workers. . . . in 17 centers in Canton, subsequently, have resulted in 83 more baptisms. In "The oneness of the Chinese Christians seems to me to be fundamental in de- ciding the relations that should exist b~-

tween German and British missionaries JAPAN-CHOSEN working in the same field. In Changsha we have a weekly prayer-meeting, in Buddhist Comments on Christian which the missionaries Ull1te to plead Conference for the work of God in the city and province. Altho the attendance is small ONE of the editors of the Chugai (so small that usually everyone pres"ent leads in prayer), there are almost al- Nippo, a Buddhist daily, has been ways both German and English mission- contributing a series of articles on the aries present. Young Men's Christian Association sum- mer conference at Gotemba, in the course "We do not pray about the war; or, at of which he makes the following comany rate, nothing more than the most parisons between the latter and a congeneral petitions for the wounded and ference under Buddhist auspices: bereaved, or concerning the effect of the war on home supporters of missions. . . . "The Buddhist conference aims to in- fluence the people of the neighborhood "We quite know that we are not at one where it meets, whereas the aim of the on questions concerning the war. But Christian conference is rather to train in the work for the Kingdom of God in the delegates for service among those to China we are one." whom they return. It emphasizes spiri- tual fellowship, training, and inspiration. A Christian Chinese General It has clear-cut purposes, and generates power for attaining those purposes. On THE West China Mission of the the contrary, the Buddhist conference is Church Missionary Society has been vague and ineffective in purpose, in leadership, and in the work to which its having some interesting experiences, members are committed. owing to the presence of about 2,000 troops which were sent from Peking "The Christian conference is a natural to dispose of the robbers and other bad and necessary outgrowth of the Chrischaracters who had been infesting the tian Church and the Young Men's Chrisprovince of Szechwan. Miss Wells, of tian Association. The Buddhist confer- Mienchow, writes: ence is an excrescence without vital con- nection with either the temples or the "Major-General Feng, who is in com- Buddhist Young Men's Association. The mand, is a Christian and at once identi- consequence of all this is that the Budfied himself with the Church here. Some dhist conference has no roots and bears of the other officers and two doctors are no fruit; whereas the Christian conferalso Christians, the latter having been ence is one stage of a continuous process educated at the Union Medical College in of life and work, giving impetus to fruit- Peking. The General visited both the ful service all ever the Empire." boys and the girls' schools, and at the latter he spoke very earnestly concerning The author concludes: "I admire the the Christian life, pressing home the need power and progress of Christianity, but -of daily Bible reading and prayer. He I do not relish it for myself." had his pocket Testament with him, and used it. At the closing exercises of the Factory Slavery In Japan school the General was unable to be present, as he had expected, but he sent five MR. GALEN FISHER draws in the other officers instead, one of whom on Christian Movement in Japan a his behalf presented each girl with a terrible picture of the exploitation of copy of the marked and illustrated New girls in Japanese factories. T.here are Testament and the Pilgrim's Progress." 471,877 women and girls employed, which is 56 per cent. of the personnel of these establishments. Sixty-four p"er cent. are

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under 20 years, and, of these, 23 per cent. mocks and about the decks reading the are under 14 years. Hours range from Scriptures. The little handful of Chris- 12 to 16 in silk and weaving factories, tians among that crew of 1,200 had up to and night work is common. Not infre- that time made their devotions a secret quently the girls eat their rice while matter. tending their machines, for to take the allotted time would incur the ill-will of Korea's Record Year the foreman. The weighing of 1,350 girls after a night shift showed an aver- REPORTS indicate that 1915 was a age loss of weight of one and one-half record year for the Church in Korea. pounds, and in the succeeding day shifts this weight is not recovered. Wages run In the wide preaching of the Word, in from 26 to 31 sen a day (say, 14 cents!), the work of the Bible training c1ass'es, in which is a little more than one-half what number of inquirers and accessions to is paid to male factory workers. the churches, and in the quickened and more earnest life of the membership, it Japanese Sailors Accept Testaments surpassed all former times. The mission- aries are rejoicing over the promise of THE Young Men's Christian Associa- yet greatel: harvests. Even the new rules of the imperial government affecting re- tion of Kobe took advantage of the ligious instruction in mission schools and presence of a large fleet of war vessels the regulation of church extension and in the harbor during the coronation cere- evangelizing efforts, when carefully conmonies to offer to the' sailors proofs of sidered and explained, seem not to be so Christian good-fellowship which were obstructive as at first thought. It is afmuch appreciated. A three-day recep- firmed that the government has no detion provided a continuous entertainment sire to block missionary work or to inin the Association auditorium from 9 terfere with religious liberty; it wishes A. M. to 3 P. M., consisting of music, to afford Christian leaders every proper theatricals, folk dances, story-telling, etc. opportunity for their labor. The only Tea and cake were served. A general purpose of the rules is to bring all eduinvitation was extended through the com- cation throughout the empire, both pubmander of each ship, and printed pro- lic and private, into accord; to treat all grams were distributed to the members alike, and to make sure that the governof each crew. The response was over- ment is aware of all that is transpiring, whelming. The capacity of the audi- and that it is being done in orderly fashtorium was unequal to the occasion, and ion. If the assurances of the officials are hundreds of men were entertained in fulfilled, mission work in Korea faces an the roof garden. By the third afternoon auspicious future.-Missionary Herald. not less than 7,500 had been entertained. AFRICA The most remarkable feature was the ready, even earser, acceptance of the Welcomed In a Moslem School Gospels and New Testaments offered through the kindness of the British and REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, Foreign Bible Society. Probably not over Secretary for Sunday-school work half of 1 per cent. of that entire body of men were Christian, yet they took away among Moslems for the World's Sunday- 7,300 copies of the Gospels and 1,000 school Association, after describing a New Testaments. A Christian officer visit with Dr. Zwemer to a new Sundayon one of the new battle-cruisers said school in a crowded Mohammedan secthat the next night he was' amazed to tion of Cairo, writes: see hundreds of the men in their ham- "After this we went to the government elementary school in that neighborhood, and the principal and teachers were most

hospitable, taking us to see every class. worked on bravely in spite of great op- The principal, teachers, and scholars position. One of them even refused al! were, without exception, Mohammedans. salary to avoid the reproach that he came I showed the principal a copy of the to Duala to make money through preach- 'Boy's Life of David Livingstone,' and ing and baptisms'. The services are well he looked it over with interest. I asked attended in Bonaku almost as in usual if we might give copies to all the pupils, times. Church dues and voluntary offerand he said there was no objection what- ings are collected. Numerous baptisms ever; so we made a general distribution, have taken place. and the boys were very keen to receive the copies. It seemed wonderful that we A Interned British Missionaries were allowed such freedom." FTER a most anxious period of sus- pense, extending over 12 months, Testaments by the Thousand news has. reached the headquarters of the Universities' Mission to Central Af- ONE of our correspondents from rica of the safety of the 42 missionaries Egypt writes: "At the edge of the interned in German East Africa. Names of all places were censored, even post- Sahara Desert, near old Biskra, we were marks' obliterated. One of the missioninterested in a long camel caravan carry~ aries (Archdeacon Hallett) writes that ing huge packages and evidently starting they have all been lodged in military upon a long journey into the desert. I prisons. "We are, on the whole, wellasked what they were carrying, and was treated and content, but, of course, our told that tlley were transporting 2,000 hearts are very sad and anxious, as we copies of the New Testament, translated are allowed to receive only fragments of into Arabic, into the desert country. news." These Gospels were purchased by the Moslems at two cents apiece, and were Refugees at Port Said the means of bringing to many a desert nomad his first knowledge of this text- THE four thousand Armenians whose book of Christianity."-Bible Society arrival in Port Said was ref:rred to Record. in the REVIEW for November, have been G German Missions In Africa efficiently organized by the British au- ERMAN missionaries at the Gold thorities into an orderly camp, and the Coast who at the beginning of the American Committee for Armenian Re-. war were limited to their stations, have lief in Cairo has been made the Amerireceived permission to travel about, and can Red Cross chapter for Egypt, with are able to visit their schools and out- Rev. Stephen Trowbridge as its secrestations. tary. Miss Ethel Putney, who has been helping in the work for women and chil- The members of the North German dren, describes' the camp: Mission in South Togo, as far as they are under English dominion, arc able to "At first they had only the absolute continue their work pretty much un- necessities of life-food, shelter of army troubled. At the coast the work of the tents, hospital facilities for the sickestschools continues. In the interior the but gradually various additions have school work does not seem to prosper, been made to the equipment of the camp. and the news from the churches is varied. The members of the churches "The Armenian Red CrosS' furnishes who had been scattered in the beginning teachers and equipment for schools kept have gathered again. This is largely due in tents for about 1,200 children between to a few devoted native helpers who five and fourteen years old; a bake-shop built by the Ametican Committee sup- plies better bread at Jess cost than that

obtained from the contractor; new hot teachers.-Allegemeine Mis~ions-Nachbaths, also built by the American Com- richten. mittee, are just now ready, so that the colder weather and water will furnish Madagascar Editor Converted no excuse for not keeping clean; and we are just finishing a children's ward for THERE are two anti-Christian papers the hospital which we are going to equip published in Madagascar, one French with what is necessary." rtnd the other Malagasy. The editor of the latter has been a Mr. Ravaonjana- Every family in which there is a mem- hary, an out-and-out militant agnostic. ber who can read has been presented This paper, the Sun, is now without an with a copy of the Bible or the New editor, for Mr. R. has become a Chris- Testament in Armeno-Turkish by the tian and a member of the Congregational British and Foreign Bible Society. church at Faravohitra. It has cost him much, for he has a wife and five children An African Native Christian on the WAr and his former position was both secure and lucrative. Now, instead of writing T HE native preacher, Andreasaku of infidel tracts, he is devoting his great Lome, of the North German Mission abilities to preaching the Gospel. He is in Togo, has the following opinion of a brilliant French scholar, a speaker and the war: 1. Missionaries, like govern- writer of power, a man of genuine charment employees and merchants, must go acter-in short, a powerful accession to to the war. Since the natives do not the mission force of Madagascar. This know European conditions, they stumble Saul become Paul is now speaking on over the fact that missionaries have to "Why I am a Christian," in the Malatake up arms. 2. European civilized gasy capital.-Record of Christian Work. Christian nations fight each other in the land of the heathen, hate each other be- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC fore the heathen, give each other bad nameS', take each other prisoners, and Australia Bible Institute kill each other, and ask the heathen to do such deeds with them. What can now T HE great European war has had many heathendom think of the Christianity of and serious results in almost every de- Europe? This thought alone should have partment of life even in Australia. An kept a Christian power from a colonial illustration of this is afforded by the war. 3. The war caused mission work- experience of the Australas'ian Chapers, Europeans and natives, to be despised man-Alexander Bible Institute. Recently by the heathen and, in a measure, to be at the closing exercises three students persecuted by them. 4. The war caused were graduated and given the first dithe increase of idol worship and an in- plomas for having completed the two crease of the power of the heathen, years' course of training. During the which is especially noticeable in places same evening it was announced that Dr. where there are Christian churches. 5. The war caused many mission schools J. H. Elliott, formerly of Chicago, who and churches to be ruined, and many Christians at once gave themselves over has been acting as the first principal of to idol worship. 6. In many out-stations the Bible Institute for the past two years, the children cease to go to school, even was about to resign in view of the serithe children of Christians. 7. The mis- ous difficulties which had been experision is not able to support all the native enced owing to the continuance of the miSSIonary helpers because many war. He retains his official connection churches are not able to pay their with the Institute until February 1st, when he will return to America. The departure of Dr. Elliott is causing keen regret to hosts of friends, especially to

those connected with the Bible Institute. the home field as shall hasten the coming He has done a good work in organizing of the Kingdom by the most rational the Institute and he is leaving it in such process-the winning of the generation condition that the work can be carried of children and youth who are with us. on along the same lines in the future. He has pioneered the movement wisely and Some Things the War Hasn't Stopt well, and the Institute will doubtless profit from his labors through all its future 1. A Three Years Evangelistic Camhistory. paign in Japan: Wherein the Jap- anese churches in general, with MISCELLANEOUS their own leaders and the mis- sionaries, are engaged in a power- Change In World's Sunday-School ful and systematic undertaking to Committee cover the empire in the effort to win converts to Christianity. W [TH the increasing interest of the denominations in their own Sun- 2. Educational Advance in China: day-school work, and the growing im- Wherein the governmental system portance of the Sunday-school as a fac- of new education for the people tor in missions, a more direct repres:en- having become demoralized for tation of the denominational Sunday- lack of funds and of teachers, school and missionary leaders upon the overtures are being made to the Executive Committee of the World's missions to cooperate in the task. Sunday-school Association was felt to be The American Board has thus desirable. An agreement has, accord- new and stirring undertakings in ingly, been reached and ratified by the Shansi and Fukien provinces. constituent bodies, to the effect that onehalf of the Executive Committee of the 3. Uplifting of the Out-castes of India: American Section of the World's Asso- 50,000,000 of them, "untouchciation shall hereafter be composed of ables" to the Brahmans, neglected denominational representatives, ·12 of of Hinduism, but of whom Christhese repreS'entatives from the Foreign tianity is making transformed Mission Conference, whioh represents all communities to the wonderment the Mission Boards, and six from the of the rest of India. Sunday-school Council of Evangelical Denominations, which represents 93 per 4. The Misery of Turkey That Cries cent. of· the Sunday-school membership For Sympathy: Christian hospiof the country. The other 18 represen- tals, schools and colleges, the tatives upon the American Committee friendly club, the kindly personal will be nominated as heretofore by the approach have been reaching and triennial Sunday-school Convention, held are now still more sure to reach at different world-centers, and the Con- the suffering and distracted followvention is to be recognized as the author- ers of Islam. ity in the affairs of the Association. 5. The Tremendous Need of Every It is the conviction of all that this ac- Mission Land: Of Austria crusht tion portends not simply an enlarged in the conflict; of the little islands future for the World's Sunday-school of the Pacific, helpless pawns in Association, but such an emphasis upon the great game; of Africa, remote the Sunday-school in the foreign fields yet shaken by Europe's catasand missions in the Sunday-schools upon trophe; of Mexico, facing the perils and problems of reconstruc- tion.-The .American Board.

LANDS m

BOOKS ON MI – IONS AND – ……:……………,……/i MISSION The Union of Christian Rorces in Amer- conceptions of religion." As a matter of ica. By Rev. Robert A. Ashworth, D.D. Bvo. American Sunday-school Union, fact, both of these conceptions are held Philadelphia, 1916. in the organic unity of several commu- It is a significant illustration of the nions whose members differ from one growing interest in the subject as one of another no more widely than "close practical present-day moment that the communion" and "open communion"

American Sunday-school Union should Baptists, and who work together have offered a prize of a thousand dol- quite as harmoniously in the same lars for the best manuscript on Christian churches. However, Dr. Ashworth's Unity. Many manuscripts were submit- book as a whole is an excellent one. It ted, and the prize was taken by the Rev. contains a good deal of interesting and Dr. Robert A. Ashworth, pastor of the valuable information, and while his ideas First Baptist Church of Milwaukee, Wis- as to how unity will be achieved may not consin. The prize-winner is an exceed- commend themselves to every reader, he ingly interesting and valuable book. We has succeeded in a very effective way in are inclined to think that it would have strengthening the conviction that a con- been better to omit the closing chapter tinuation of the present divided condition on "The Basis of Organic Unity," for of the churches ought to be considered "the basis" which Dr. Ashworth indicates impossible and that the most resolute and impresses us as hardly adequate to the prayerful efforts should be put forth to structure of modern Christianity. He bring about a better conriition of affairs.

does not state in so many words that he Devolution in Mission Administration, believes that organic unity is possible as Exemplified by the Legislative History only by regarding each local congrega- of Five American Societies in India. tion as independent of all other congre- David Johnson Fleming, Ph.D. 310 pp. gations in polity and doctrine as $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1916.

associated with them only by a general Thirteen years in India, a critical mind feeling of Christian fellowship, but this and first-hand data from published and appears to be a natural inference from manuscript material of the Congrega- his last chapter. We have high admira- tional, Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist tion for the churches of our day which and Dutch Reformed Boards have pro- are based on this principle, but we duced almost the first sample of what is seriously doubt whether Christian Unity greatly desired for the science of mis- would be realized if all of us became sions, exhaustive studies of specific Baptists or Congregationalists. Nor do topics. Unfortunately the "devolution"

we believe that the author is right in or "euthanasia" of most missions is still stating that "no compromise is possible in the future; yet in a few fields it has between the two varieties of the Chris- been and now is a pressing problem. Dr.

tian ministry, sacerdotal or priestly, and Fleming states the problems of ecclesias- the Republican or Protestant," which tical and administrative devolution, gives "represent two mutually contradictory the legislative action of the five societies

in connection with each, and in some Java, Past and Present. By Donald Mac- cases adds a brief summary of the varied laine Campbell. 2 vols. Illustrated. Map. views held. The subjects treated under xx-1.236 pp. 36s., net. Heinemann Lon- don, 1915. '

the ecclesiastical section are these: The The Orient Pearls: Indian Folklore. By development of the ideal of indepen-' Shovona Devi. 2s. 6d., net. 177 pp. Macdence, the ecclesiastical relationship of millan, London, 1915. Forty Years in Constantinople. By Sir the foreign missionary and how ideal and Edwin Pears. Illustrated. 390 pp. $5.00. method in regard to ecclesiastical inde- Appleton, New York, 1915. Human Leopards: An Account of the pendence have been realized in practise. Trials of Human Leopards Before the On the administrative side, the author Special Commission Court. With a note presents the utilization or dissolution of on Sierra Leone, Past and Present. By the missions, the appointment of Indians K ]. Beatty. lIIustrated. 139 pp. 5s., net. Hugh Rees, London, 1915.

as full members of the mission, and plans Sleeping Sickness: A Record of Four Years' War Against It in Principe, of devolution between mission and Portuguese West Africa. By the Por- Church, each remaining distinct, to which tuguese Medical Mission. Translated by is added a conclusion. Lieut.-Col. J. A. Wyllie. Illustrated. While the volume is true to scientific xii-262 pp. 7s. 6d., net. Baillere, Tindal & Cox, London, 1916.

method, and aims to present clearly the Pioneering on the Congo. By John M.

data found, with no generalizations not Springer. Illustrated. Map. xx-315 pp. fully warranted by that material, one $1.00. Methodist Book Concern, New York, 1916.

could wish that the author had added a The Red Indians of the Plains. By J. Hines. 322 pp. 6s., net.. S. P. C. K, third part in which he might further London, 1916.

and more independently discuss the topics The Mystery of the Jew. By E. L. Langs- of his volume. In other words, it is too ton. 67 pp. Is., net. Society for Promuch like the report of the Asiatic Con- moting Christianity Among the Jews, London, 1915.

ferences of the Continuation Committee, Comparative Religion: Its Adjuncts and held by Dr. Mott. True, it is not a mere Alli.es. By Louis Henry Jordan. 574 pp. collection of bones like that volume, but 12s. Oxford University Press, London, 1915.

while it puts on the flesh of actual argu- Visions: For Missionaries and Others. By H. H. Montgomery, D.D. Third Series ments and legislation, it reminds one of 207 pp. Is. 6d., net. S. P. G., London, Confucius' claim for himself, "A repro- 1915.

ducer and not a maker." Yet these Grenfell of the Congo. Thirteen Mission- ary Lessons Arranged for Children and findings of Dr. Fleming are fairly Young Teachers. By Margaret Hardy.

typical of Indian conditions, and there Illustrated. Map~ 60 pp. 6d., net. Carey Press, London, 1916. is enough said to stimulate thought of men in other mission fields. Had it been Bolivia. By Paul Walle. $3.00, net. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1915.

practicable to include the investigation A City of the Dawn. By Robert Keable. $1.50, fief. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, of the theme through the records of 1915.

other Indian Boards, notably the Church Through South American Southland. By Missionary Society, it would have been M. A. Zan. $2.50, net.. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1916. more helpful to the science of missions. Heralds of the Cross. By E. B. Trist.

NEW BOOKS Some Battlefields of the Cross. By E. B. Trist. The Story of a Hero. By The Apostles of India. The Baird Lec- Gertrude Hollis. Boys and Girls I Have tures for 1915. By J. N. Ogilvie, D.D. Known. By Bishop Osborne. 80 cents a 447 pp. 6s. Hodder & Stoughton, Lon- volume. E. S. Gorham, 11 West 45th Street, New York. don, 1915. Walker of Tinnevelly. By Amy Wilson- Campaigning for Christ in Japan. By Carmichael. Illustrated. 458 pp. 6s., net. Rev. S. H. Wainwright, D.D. 75 cents. Publishing House of the M. E. Church Morgan & Scott, London, 1916. A History of the Japanese People. By F. South, Nashville, Tenn., 1916. Brinkley. lIs. Encyclopedia Britannica -Confucianism and Its Rivals. By Giles.

Company, London, 1915. , Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1916.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1915

A ViEW OF MUSCAT- ONE OF THE D001{S TO

MISSIONA~Y fIRES 1. The worst massacre of Christians that has taken place in the last thou- sand years is now going on in Asiatic Turkey. Who is responsible? The American Government has protested. What next? (See page 841.) 2. There are hundreds of thousands of Indians in South America to whom the message of Christ has never been presented in any form. These constitute an appealing field for missionary effort. (See page 809.) 3. The Christian workers at the Panama-Pacific Exposition are conducting a night-school and using other means to prepare the 1,500 young women employees for work when the Exposition closes. (See page 831.) 4. The Armenians are people whose history goes back 4,000 years. They occupied Asia Minor long before the Turk. Their church dates back to apostolic times. Why are they being exterminated? (See page 845.) :J. Over one hundred Latin-American students were entertained at the sum- mer conferences of the North American Student Movement last June, and many went away with new Christian life-purposes that promise much for their respective countries. (See page 817.) 6. A Christian professor in a government normal college in Japan has been asked to give a course of 30 lectures on Christianity. (See page 851.) 7. Mr. Sherwood Eddy has started for India to conduct student evangelistic meetings in India, similar to those among Chinese students which have been productive of such great results. (See page 808.) 8. A worker in Buenos Aires asked the first twenty men whom he met on the street what they knew of the Bible. They represented six nation- alities, and fifteen of them knew nothing whatever about the Bible, while only three had read any portion of it. (See page 864.) 9. The Protestant Episcopal Church Board of Missions has not only secured its desired Emergency Fund of $375,000 by the "one day's income" plan, but has obtained $20,000 more than the usual gifts on the regular apportionment. (See page 866.) 10. The faith of many of the younger Mormons in their religion and its founder has been shaken by the statement of Egyptologists that certain documents which they had reverenced as the writings of Abraham are among the most common of Egyptian antiquities.

11. The Bible is being used as a text-book in several Chinese government schools, and in India is considered by many British officials the most valuable ally of the Government in carrying out their high aims for the people. (See page 872.) 12. The Buddhist scandals in Japan, involving the misappropriation by the priests of hundreds of thousands of dollars, are leading many thoughtful Japanese to renounce Buddhism and to study and accept Christianity. :Muscat is on the Penian (~111f and is one of the stations of the Arabian 1Iission of th e Ue formed Church in Arabia MI "IIlIII-RY E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 11 NOVEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 11 Old Series New Series 111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111 111111 'I~ 11 ,SIGNS·OFvTHEvTIMES mJ~ 11111111111111111111111111111 N CAlLS TO PRAYER In Mexico, tho there is talk of EVER have there been more ur- recognizing General Carranza, there gent and incessant calls to sac- still seems small hope for permanent rificial prayer, service, and giving peace through any of the contending than there are to-day. forces. All of the leaders are in- efficient and self-seeking. The coun- In Europe, Asia, and Africa there try is being desolated, and the outare the millions of struggling, dying look for good government is dark. men giving their lives fan what they It is time to pray that God's solution believe to be the call of duty and hu- of the problem may be discovered and manity-some of them believe they followed. are answering the caIl of God. There are the physicians and nurses caring In China, the hoped-for reforms for the wounded, and the chaplains under the republic have been only and other Christian workers distribu- slightly successful. A new conventing Testaments and booklets to those tion is to be called early next year to in trenches, hospitals, arid prison- decide the question as to whether camps. These are unusual oppor- China' shall or shall not return to .a tunities which are bringing rich re- monarchy. sults in conversions. :There are the appeals from Persia and Turkey for In India there is native unrest, and the intervention of God and for hu- German missions are almost at a man help to relieve the distress of standstilI through the internment of widows, orphans,. and other destitute those in charge of the work. Africa thousands. is, in many parts, a battle ground, when~ the natives see their white The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spiri,t of Christ in th~ pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITOIlS.

masters engaged in deadly combat. even where the Church, as in Chile Pray also for Africa. and Argentina, is still subsidized in a measure by the State. The mixing of North America is entering on its the Church in politics is increasingly. winter campaigns-commercial, poli- resented. In Uruguay there is practical, religious. The Laymen's Mis- tical separation of Church and State. sionary Movement has recently opened its national campaign in Chi- 3. The distribution of the Bible is increasing in spite of the keen oppocago and is to hold meetings in 75 sition of the Catholic Church lead- ers. Penzotti was imprisoned in Peru centers to arouse the men of the for its sale. When told he would be church to their responsibility in the released if he ceased to sell and world-wide work of Christ. Their preach the Word, he said that his call to prayer is for the guidance and bones would rot first in prison. In power of the Holy Spirit, for the some places in South America, where Mission Boards and their officers, for the opposition was formerly strongthe speakers and other workers, for est, the Catholic Church is now even the delegates and the churches, for a encouraging the sale of the Book. In deepening of spiritual life and a more Brazil Protestant missions are called earnest spirit of prayer at home and Bible churches. In Bolivia, as in abroad. "The neglect of prayer by some places in the interior of Brazil, the church at home means defeat at the Roman Church, and officials unthe front of battle," says Robert E. der its influence, still seriously ham- Speer. per the circulation of Scriptures by Bible Society colporteurs. In 1914 RELIGIOUS ADVANCE IN SOUTH the two Bible Societies circulated 388,807 Scriptures. AMERICA 4. A growing democracy. South AFTER the long night of four hun- America for years has been ruled by an oligarchy, a professional class dred years of misrule and re- which has fattened off. political conligious intolerance and superstition in trol, while the mass of the people South America there is the flush of have suffered. Argentina is leading the dawn of a new day. the way to better things by a law re- quiring all citizens to exercise voting 1. Substantial religious freedom is privileges, and by a large Socialistic nearly continent-wide. While in Peru party which is demanding accounta- Protestant worship can not be ad- bility of office-holders to the people. vertised, services are not disturbed. A Socialist demonstration of 15,000 In the interior towns of some of occurred last March at Buenos Aires. these countries there are still some evidences of opposition and persecu- 5. The upper classes are being tion. In Bolivia, while there is a statutory grant of religious liberty, reached for Christ. Evangelical misthe enforcement of the law is lack- sions began among the poor, and until ing, and Christians suffer boycott and opposition, both open and secret. recently no statesmanlike effort ha5 been made to reach the waiting edu- 2. There is a growing 0IJPosition cated and wealthy class, in which the to union of Church and State in nearly every South American country; this growth of opposition is evident

OF THE

men are indifferent to the dominant Protestant Church, young people are Church. In Chile and Uruguay some meeting for games and social purnotable men have been reached, and poses under wholesome conditions. with better church-buildings and Physical exercise has been recently more educated native preachers, this introduced for the first time at Rio movement will become more pro- de Janeiro by the joint effort of Rev. nounced. The educated men are H. C. Tucker, of the Brazil Sundayawaiting a leader to crystallize this School Union, and the American growing sentiment toward a Protes- Bible Society, and the Y. M. C. A. tant form of worship. In Brazil The new public-school plans at Rio Rev. Alvaro Reis is such a leader. call for gymnasium and playgrounds. In Buenos Aires, during the last 6. New ideals for social service year, the first set of Spaulding apare being developed. The educa- paratus has been introduced for tional aim for boys has been profes- school exercises. sional and political life; for girls, preparation for marriage. Education 8. The literature is being purified. for useful service to the community At the source of much of South and State has been neglected. In Ar- America's impurity will be found a gentina, for the first time, the social vile literature from French and Spanpurposes of education are now being ish sources. This is publicly vended. emphasized by Dr. Nelson, Super- and vilely illustrated and open to intendent of Secondary Education view, and purchased by boys and for the State. His book on this sub- young men in all the South American ject is the first native contribution to cItIes. Quite recently, La N acional, this theme, and is to be followed by at Buenos Aires introduced a cheap others. library in Spanish, composed of best literature from all sources, and this In Mr. Morris's philanthropic is being vigorously pushed into cirschools at Buenos Aires an educa- culation. American publishers are tional example has been set in the aiso circulating reprints in Spanish remarkable results of industrial edu- of choice literature. Such books as cation of the poor and in the spirit Smikys' "Self-Help" are having a of service to the home, community, good sale. and state. Over five thousand are gathered in these schools. Several 9. Christian education is developing sets of clothing are given annually to sympathy. Gradually the results of the children who are too poor to be education through Christian Protesadmitted to the public schools. It is tant institutions is being manifest in clear salvage work of the most im- the conversion of parents, in a new pressive kind. sympathy for Protestant work, and in the gradual preparation of a lead- 7. The new emphasis on social ership. The quality of the native and physical recreation. Spanish so- leadership needs toning, and plans cial standards have practically shut are being pushed with increasing sucout young people from social ac- cess by the Y. M. C. A. to enlist quaintance excepting as chaperoned, young men in the university life. and from physical exercise. Gradu- Such Christian institutions as the ally, through the influence of the

.Anglo-American colleges in Bolivia win a continent.-FR,ANK L. BROWN, are having marked influence through Secretary of the World's Sundaythe high-grade character output of school Association. the graduates. The Mackenzie College at Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Meth- RENEWED INTEREST IN MISSIONS odist Girls' Schools at Rosario, Ar- TO MOSLEMS gentine, and Santiago, Chile, are instances of institutions having a MASSACRES and other efforts to strong influence. As moral educa- blot out the Christian races of tion receives a higher rating in South America, Christian institutions will Persia and Asia Minor have aroused assume positions of leadership. corresponding truly Christian inter- est in the welfare of these peoples 10. Evangelistic preaching meets and in the need for the conversion of with marked success. This is notable Mohammedans to Jesus Christ, the in the Methodist and Presbyterian Savior from sin, and the Prince of work of the West Coast, also in the Peace. A remarkable meeting was mission work in such places as Ro- held in New York on October 1st in sario •in Argentine, and under the the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian preaching of Rev. Alvaro Reis in Church under the auspices of the Rio, Brazil. The Latin temperament American Christian Literature Somakes this a fruitful line of ap- ciety for Moslems (Interdenominaproach, and mass movements may tional). In spite of a downpour of easily result from the Gospel appeal rain that ~ould have dampened the by consecrated men. ardor of most congregations, two thousand people gathered to listen to I I. The Sunday-school opportu- an address by Dr. Samuel M. Zwenity. The welcome given in all the mer of Cairo, on "The Present Crisis native churches in the recent Sunday- in the Moslem World." This masschool tour of South America was terful address, which will appear submarked by large gatherings, a friend- sequently in the REVIEW, set forth ly spirit and an eagerness for help in the need of. Mohammedans for the making the Sunday-school efficient Gospel revealed by Jesus Christ, the as an educational and evangelis- natural products of Islam as seen in tic instrument. Rev. George P. the present massacres, the great pr.es- Howard, born in South America, an ent opportunity of reaching these educated Sunday-school enthusiast millions of Arabic-speaking peoples and a fine Spanish linguist, has been with the truth through the printed appointed the Sunday-school secre- page. The close of the present war tary fot South America by the will almost certainly mean the open- World's Sunday-school Association, ing of the Mohammedan world to to act under a committee of the Mis- Christian influence as never before. sions doing work in South America. This seems to be the last st~uggle of He is preparing himself to lead a a dying religion which appeals to continent-wide Sunday-school move- force of arms and edicts for support ment, to develop a better literature, rather than to the truth of its creed and to utilize the Sunday-school as and the character of its adherents. the most widely effective agency to The Dardanelles have not yet been

OF THE TIMES

forced; and Bulgaria's entrance into west. After the breaking-out of the the affray may delay the final out- war the Armenian revolutionists of come of the struggle. Constantinople Van joined the Russians, and those has not yet fallen. Some of the mis- at the Mediterranean Sea conspired sionaries have thought it best to also against the government. The send away wives and children from consequence of this is slaughter in the scene of turmoil, but the large the north and deportation by force majority of this advance guard of from the southwest and, of course, Christianity remain at their posts to great misery of the innocent. To help render what aid they can to those in this, the mission (the German ,Aid dire distress, and to prove by their Society) is doing its best. The guilt sacrificial lives the reality of the love of the one and the misfortune of the and power of Christ. other <;loes not make, it very easy for oTHE PLIGHT OF THE ARMENIANS the German Mission. And yet it is N another page will be found the her work to be the peacemaker among the nations of the Turkish story of the wholesale massacre government wherever possible. It is and deportation of Armenians by also reported that Germany has pro- order of the Turkish government. tested against the massacres.

Whoever is responsible for this das- The article on another page also tardly deed must expect to pay a tells the main facts about the Ar-'

heavy penalty when God's time of menian people-their long history, reckoning comes. It is said, on good their racial characteristics, and their authority, that when the American religious beliefs. Their church dates Ambassador, Mr. Morgenthau, asked back to apostolic days, and while, the German Ambassador to use his like most of the ancient historic influence to stop the wholesale mur- churches, its early beliefs have be- der, the latter replied: "I can not; come mixed with error and its life these people should have been elimi- has become formal and lax, still this nated long ago." In any. case, it is church has kept alive a belief in God useless to deny the established fact and is sympathetic toward Christ and of the massacres, and Germany must the Bible. It is among them that bear a heavy responsibility for not most of the work of the American intervening to stop such butcheries missions has been carried on for al- by her Moslem ally. most a century.

The German viewpoint is given in It is reported that 800,000, or one- the August number of Sonnenauf- half of the Armenians in Eastern gang (Frankfort, Germany), which Turkey, have been killed, deport- says: "After the constitution of rgo8 ed, kidnapped, or have died as a re- hope arose in the hearts of the Arme- sult of the Turkish cruelty. Those nians. Therefore the slaughter of destroyed and deported include the I909 made the despair the worse. most able and intelligent leaders in Russia incites the Armenians and the Protestant and Gregorian church- Kurds in the province of Van; Eng- es; the pastors and teachers, the land and France arouse hopes lawyers and merchants. Whole mis- among the Armenians of the south- sion-schools and colleges have been

almost or' quite depopulated; churches day extreme urgency that the cam- have been burned and villages laid paign be earnestly pushed to win the '

waste. Some of the Armenians in coming generation to Christ. Dr.

the Van district have escaped to Rus- Samuel M. Zwemer gave a convinc- sia; some 5,000 or more others in ing appeal for the eighty millions of Southern Asia Minor have found Moslem children, who have no mod- refuge in Egypt. Rev. Stephen Van ern schools, no uplifting home train- R. Trowbridge, formerly a mission- ing, no pure literature, and no right ary in Aintab, Turkey, and now a idea of God. Mohammed could not representative of the World's Sun- have said: "Suffer the little ~hildren day··School Association in Cairo, has to come unto me for of such is the appealed for immediate help for these kingdom of Islam," for Mohammed's destitute sufferers. life, his home, his heaven were such It is gratifying that the American as would blight the purity of child- Government, that failed to protest hood.

against the invasion and despolia- It is to reach the millions of neg- tion of Belgium, has protested against lected children in Moslem lands, in this unprovoked and inexcusable India, in Africa, in China, in South murder of innocents. Americans America, and in Japan, that the have sent money for Belgian relief, World's Sunday-school Association for Persian relief, and are now for- is working to-day. Mr. Frank L.

warding funds for the Armenian suf- Brown is the secretary in N ew York ferers. If steps are not taken soon and Rev. Carey Bonner in London.

to end these atrocities there will be no Armenians left to relieve. Tho A CHANGE OF TACTICS IN INDIA many of them may not be Chris- HITHERTO the missionary work tians of an evangelical type, they are, in India has almost necessarily nevertheless, suffering because they are Christians in name and not Mos- been confined largely to the lower lems. castes and outcastes. These people have been more ready to accept WOR,LD.WIDE WORK FOR CHIL· Christianity and have come in such DREN numbers that the time and strength of the missionaries has been over- THE World's Sunday-school As- taxed to instruct them. Now, 11OW- sociation, which includes the ever, more systematic effort is being world in its field and all Protestant made to reach the higher castes and Christian denominations in its mem- educated classes, and from them to bership, is made up of over 24,000 recruit leaders.

Sunday-schools with 27,000,000 pu- Mr. Sherwood Eddy, whose work pils. It was founded in London in among the students and higher I 88g, and has since spread to all classes in China has been so greatly parts of the world. At a dinner in blest, sailed last August for India New York, given by Mr. H. J. to conduct there a series of union Heinz, chairman of the Executive evangelistic services. First, he is Committee, Dr. John R. Matt ex- holding training conferences for pas- prest his conviction that there is to- tors, catechists, teachers, and other

Christian workers in South India. RECRUITS FOR THE FRONT These conferences are in preparation for the effort to win the middle I N spite of the unrest in the world, and upper classes to Christ's standard. The Church has been prepared and the danger of travel on the for this work in a remarkable way, sea; in spite of the financial depresand there is, in India, a great spirit sion that has curtailed the income of of prayer and expectation. All the many Christian givers; in spite of Presbyterian and Reformed churches the uncertainty as to the outcome of in South India are uniting in the the great war, missionaries continue movement. to leave England and America to carry the Gospel to those in non- A second part of Mr. Eddy's pro- Christian lands. gram is to break through the serried ranks of caste in the colleges of In- In London recently, the Church dia. Few of the Brahmins and high- Missionary Society held a farewell caste students have been touched by meeting to bid Godspeed to 148 misthe Christian message. The mass sionaries, 40 of whom were going movements have been wholly among out for the first time. the lower and outcaste classes. But the Gospel of Christ is the power of God A remarkable report of the largest unto Salvation unto every one-in- party of missionaries that ever sailed cluding the Brahmin-that believeth. for their field on one steamer, comes Has not the time come to prove from Mr. Mason Olcott, a Princeton this true? Mr. Eddy is holding honor-man, who recently left his meetings for thousands of these high- home of culture in New York to' caste Hindus who are attending the serve in Veliore, India. Mr. Olcott Christian colleges-and others in the writes of 140 mISSIOnaries who large cities. Only God can achieve sailed from San Francisco on the the desired results-but He can and S.s. Mongolia on August 25th. Of will, in response to believing prayer these, 84 were bound for China, 23 and faithful witnessing. The dates for Japan, 14 for India, 8 for Korea, are as follows: South India, Con- 5 for Siam, I for Burma, and I for ferences-September 16th to 30th; the Philippines. They were going South India, evangelistic campaigns out to engage in many lines of ser- (Bangalore, Vellore, Madura, Pala- vice-Evangelistic, educational, medimacottah)-November 1st to 18th; cal, nursing, executive, orphanages, North India, evangelistic campaigns Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A.-under (Ahmednagar, Delhi, Agra, Luck- r6 different denominations and other now,' Calcutta, and special colleges) religious organizations. The return- -November 22d to December 25th. ing missionaries had already served a total of 739 years. Who can foretell Mr. Eddy expects to arrive back in what sacrifice and joyful service may America on February I, 1916. He be in store for the 80 new missionasks for prayers of Christians at anes. home, as he engages in the work which is the most difficult. he has The difficulty and danger of presever attempted. ent-day travel is indicated by the re- cent experience of a party of 32 mis- sionaries who sailed from America for Egypt and the East on the Greek

steamer Athinai. The vessel took The United States Government fire in mid-ocean and burned fiercely. has submitted the following ten-year A wireless call brought help, and the program to the new Haitian Presipassengers were safely transferred to dent, General Dartiguenave, with the the Tuscania, which brought them request that he sign it promptly: back to New York. Nothing daunted, the missionaries, in spite of the "1. A Haitian receivership of cusloss of their goods, were soon headed toms shall be established, under Ameriagain for their fields of service. can control. ' They were not, like Jonah, fleeing from the Lord's work, but, like the "2. A native Haitian rural and civic apostle Paul, were not to be hin- constabulary is to be established under dered by adversaries and obstacles. the command of American officers.

CHANGES IN HAITI "3. Through its customs-control the United States shall govern absolutely all LIBERTY is not synonymous with expenditure of public moneys to the ex- independence. Small, weak na- tent necessary to prevent speculation and safeguard the interests of the tions that are unable to preserve sta- American people. ble governments or to protect life and property seem destined to come "4. Haiti shall cede no portion of" under the control of stronger na- her territory to any nation other than tions. A friendly power may con- the United States of America. trol a smaller nation to the great advantage of the latter. Already Porto "5. All revolutionary forces are to Rico is reaping the benefits of be disarmed. American 'administration, and Hawaii and the" Philippines are in much Secretary Lansing refers to the armore prosperous and enlightened rangement as a "protectorate," and conditio~ than they would be if self- says: government were attempted. "We have only one purpose-that is, After years of turmoil and pere- to help the Haitian people and prevent nial revolutions in Haiti the Ameri- them from being exploited by irresponcan Government has found it neces- sible revolutionists. These are not propsary to establish, for a time at least, erly revolutions; they are unorganized a protectorate over the "Black Re- enterprises which invoke no question of public" of the West Indies. There principle, and they are ruining the is no doubt that the little republic country. While they are in progress needs the strong hand of a big people are starving in the streets of Port brother to put an end to the internal au "Prince because they call not secure conflicts, the graft, and political tur- the supplies of food which abound in the moil. The small boy may not relish country. Things have been going from the discipline and restraint, but the bad to worse, and something must be friends and neighbors will appre- done. The United States Government ciate it. Mexico would profit by a has no purpose of aggression and is ensimilar arrangement, but is so large tirely disinterested in promoting this that she should be expected to govern protectorate." herself. The only Protestant missions in Haiti are those of the Protestant Episcopal Church and of the colored branches of the Methodists and Bap- tists.

EVENTS

Novemher 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Baltimore, Md. 7th to lOth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Portland, Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 16th to 19th-Conference in Behalf of Israel, Chicago Hebrew Mission. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. 1st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Albany, N. Y. 6th to 11th-Meeting of the Council of Women for Home Miss., Atlanta, Ga. 8th-The 75th anniversary. of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Toledo, O. 25th-Tenth anniversary of the National Missionary Society of India, 1905.

January The one hundredth anniversary of the American Bible Society. 2d to 9th-World's Week of Prayer. 12th to 14th-Foreign lIissions Conference, Garden City, L. 1. 17th-Fifteenth anniversary of the death of Elias Riggs of Turkey, 1901. 19th to 21st-23d Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Houston, Tex. 19th to 21st, 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Duluth, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New Orleans, La. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Paul, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Minneapolis, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Rochester, N. Y. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Jackson, Minn. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fargo, N. Dak. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Reading, Pa. 29th-Fiftieth anniversary of sailing of James Chalmers for South Seas, 1866. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wilmington, Del.

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Tribes, Bolivia,S.A. -1 df.M Hi ~ ,…

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". E yo ARGENTI N[ A NEGLECTED AREA OF THE NEGLECTED CONTINENT Drawn by Rev. Gerhard J. Schilling, D.D.

HO:fE OF SOME OF THE NEGLECTED AHIARA INDIANS, IN

U nevangelized South America THE CALL OF TEN MILLION NEGLECTED INDIANS BY REV. GERHARD J. SCHILLING, D.D., BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINE Missionary of the M.,thodist Episcopal Church (North) mD ~ URING my stay in the get that there are millions of souls United States I have in that continent who have never often been asked: yet heard of the Christian faith, and What is the use of other millions who have a very sending missionaries to wrong idea of it. Surely these be- South America, when nighted souls constitute a legitimate all the Southern republics are Chris- field for missionary labor. tian of the Roman Catholic type? Few American Christians have any An experience born of many definite idea of the number and conyears' residence in Argentine, Chile, dition of these unevangelized multiand Bolivia has taught me that every tudes. Their number is not known. reason which makes it necessary to In the United States it is estimated preach the Gospel in North America that there are 260,000 Indians and is equally applicable to South Amer- many mission boards in North Ica. Besides this, we must not for- America which carryon work among

the various tribes. Contrast the condi- the Gran Chaco of Argentine. There tions in the Southern continent. In are the Patagonians of the South Ecquador, for instance, out of a and the Araucanians of Chile. One population of 1,250,000 the Indians could fill pages with only an enunumber 870,000. These are very meration of their. tribal names and a low in the scale of civilization, and guess at their numbers. the majority of them are absolutely Indian Life and Character unevangelized. Moreover, 200,000 of The manJIer of living among these the Indians in that republic, have Indians is as varied as the area in which they dwell. Begin with the never as yet been politically subdued. southernmost, the Onas of Tierra del They still roam in the forests, kill- Fuego. Altho they are exposed for ing game with their poisoned arrows months during the rains to frost and and bringing down birds with their snow, they go about almost naked long blowpipes. Any approach to and entirely so in their poor habitathem is unsafe, and no one seems tions, which take often the form of willing to expose his life in an effort caves dug into the side of a hill. to win them to Christ. Many of them are polygamists and all show very little respect for the Look at Peru. The last census government. Not long ago a Chilian reveals the fact that 57.6 per cent. Army officer stationed among them, of its population of 2,592,000 are In- was found pierced by twenty-five ardians. Some of these have heard of rows pointed with splinters of glass. the Christian faith, and some will even salute a church when they pass, A much sturdier race are the Araubut two millions of them could not canians. Among all the aborigines give a reason for the faith that is of the region now called Chile, they within them. only have never been conquered, neither by the Incas who extended In Bolivia we find 50.9 per cent. once their empire as far as Maule, of the people Indians, or 920,864; of or by the Spaniards who had to withthe 486,018 of "mixed population" draw from them. It has been my returned in the last census, almost all privilege to preach to them in 1907, have little Spanish and much Indian and I found among the family of blood in their veins. So we can Mapuches, near Carahue, a very safely add one million Indians as kind reception. They live in large the Bolivian contingent. huts, called, rucas, the sides of which are made of branches, straw and oc- No man living can tell how many casionally of hides. Some of these Indians live in Brazil. Baron de rucas are large enough to shelter all Santa-Anna Nery, authority on the the members of one of the smaller question of Indians in the Amazon tribes. valley, actually gives the names of 373 tribes in that region. I venture The Indians in Southern Argento say that there are. from seven to tine, south of the Rio Negro, have eight millions of Indians in Brazil. wonderful physical endurance, es- pecially where pain is concerned. Dr. In addition to these millions there are the unnumbered Guaranies and Lenguas, 25,000, as Rev. W. B. Grubb estimates, in Paraguay and

1 51 UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERICA 8u

F. Corbin of Mendoza, who lived a This was ten hours after an operalong time among them in the neigh- tion involving a large flesh wound. borhood of Viedma, told me the following incident of his medical prac- The Indians of the Gran Chaco, tise among them. Two Indians had the northwestern reserves of Argenbeen fighting with knives. One had tine, . and the Guaranies are first been severely cut in the abdomen. cousins. The Rev. W. B. Grubb, He managed to reach the doctor's who knows most about them, says: house, simply closing the wound, "Altho cannibalism is not practised holding the sides together with his in the Chaco, the people have many stories about it, which may be only . MASKED SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN DANCERS COMING FROM THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH bare hands. Dr. Corbin sewed up a invented. But it 'is . quite, possible large flesh wo~nd and left the man that they are the result of a longin one of his outhouses. When he forgotten habit. These cal1nibals are' came to visit the man the next supposed to be located. in. the far morning, he found the Indian's squaw West, and in that direction among a sitting by the door of the hut, people of Guarani descent, such smoking a cigaret. She fell down practises were evidently in vogue. at the doctor's 'feet, imploring him not to be angry. with her husband. The most pr.evalent crime She said that necessary business had among the Lengua-Mascoy (one of taken Lim to his home, "But," added the Paraguay tribes) is that of inshe, "he will be all right, doctor, he fanticide, which they do not .rank in did not go on foot but on horseback." the same category as the murder of a grown child or adult, aott this

evil is so general, that the very ex- are the Quetchuas and the Aimaraes. istence of the race is endangered. Having lived several years in Bo- There are many reasons for infanti- livia, it was my joy to establish cide. The strongest incentive to the preaching services among the Aim- crime is the difficulty of nurturing araes. The Quetchuas belonged to and bringing up a young family the four original tribes which unitedly under the most unfavorable condi- composed the Inca empire. tions, especially the shortage of food. It is for this reason that an Indian Much of the history of these pre- mother nourishes her child up to historic people is shrouded in mys- even four and sometimes five years tery. But we know that there was of age, and she feels that in her at the end of the twelfth century an hard, exposed, and trying life, it Inca Empire. This was composed of would be absolutely impossible for the Incas proper, the Quechuas, her to maintain and suckle a numer- Canas, and the Cauchis. At about ous family. There is no doubt that the middle of the twelfth century infanticide owes its origin to stress these men of the highlands built the of circumstances, and that sanction famous city of Cuzco. They made was sought for it on religious it the capital of the em?ire. From grounds, in order to obviate the in- that city expeditions of the neighbor- stinctive repugnance to such a crime. ing tribes were conducted. It was the Inca-for the word Inca origin- Another feature of heathenism, ally is a title, such as Emperor- found among the Lengua-Mascoy In- Viracocha, who, in the territory now dians, which is apt t~ strike one at called Bolivia, attacked the Aima- first sight as extremely cruel, and in- raes and conquered them. In their dicative of a total lack of natural midst he built upon the ruins of an affection, is the habit of hastening the old city, Taipacala, the magnificent death of the aged and the victims of temple-city and palace of justice of a serious accident or sickness. So Tiahuanaco. Its name implies "The long as there is any probable hope of Desired One on the border of thl! recovery, the patient is kindly treated lake." Lake Titicaca has receded and attended to, but their attitude some ten kilometers since then. The to these unfortunates at once changes mighty city is a heap of ruins and when they realize that their efforts jackals live now where grave judges are in vain. Then they hasten death once decided questions that involved .by starvation and neglect, sometimes the life or death of the accused. even by violence, and wilful, prema- The proud Aimara, then considering ture burial is by no means an un- himself the lord of the eternal moun- common occurrence. tains, is now a shy and crusht ser- vant. He evades the white man Some Bolivian Tribes who so treacherously treated his fore- bears in the days of Atanualpa. the In Bolivia there are even to-day a Crcesus of his time. With the great number of distinct tribes of Spanish political yoke the religion of Indians. From the map which ac- the conquerors was enforced upon companies this sketch, it will be seen all natives. Many of them little that the two most prominent families

UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERICA 81

cared whether one image, that of powerful mission will begin its work the sun or moon, or another, that of of evangelizing these descendents of the cross or of the "mother of the lordly Incas, to bring them to heaven," adorned their temples or know the King of Kings, Christ, surmounted the hills. The symbol their Savior? was to them of but little value. And so in his heart to-day, as then, both From the map it will be seen also the Aimara of the mountain or the that there are twenty-five more Indian of the plain, worship the sun, major tribes of Indians in Bolivia. the one imploring the giver of heat On the official maps used in the and light to shed his benign rays Bolivian schools, drawn by Dr. Dan. Bustamante, all these are called "sal- ONE OF THE MASKED SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN DANCERS AT A CHURCH FESTIVAL upon the cold, gray, misty mountain vajes" or savages. Some of these, abode; the other pleading with the as the Guanas who are bordering on shining sun, lest he burn his body, Paraguay, or the Chacaros of the dry up the fountains, and consume East Andes, are still cannibals. No his growing crops with his fire. one knows their language, and they There is at present a society for the hide in the marshes or climb into the protection of the Aimara Indian in trees at the approach of the white La-Paz, but its members simply man. Lucky, indeed, the foreigner thlnk of helping them against the who, having been saved from their sharper, brown or white, who tries poisoned arrows, has been permitted to swindle the poor native out of his to reach the outer border of their land and inheritance. When will the domains. day come in which a great and I little wonder at the wild heathen

rites and orgies after having seen dians who have pierced the lobes of several of the festivities and pagan their ears, and, by inserting coils of dances performed by the so-caIled bamboo bark, have created holes that Christian Indians in Bolivia. These are from two to four inches long.

dances took place during one of their Almost all of these Indians are mere church festivals. savages, living from hunting, fishing, Wild Indian Dances or on the wild fruits they fin~.

Cross over to the Guianas n, ow, I saw them gather for the dance, and you will find even in territory sewed into the skins of the alpacca, belonging to European nations wild imitating bears, or wearing masks re- Indians who worship the Ceiba tree presenting lions or rats. This consist- and place food at the root of such ed of stepping slowly.to the weird trees nightly. Ghastlier still is the sound of bamboo fiutes, meanwhile occupation of the Jivaro Indians of describing large circles. Suddenly Ecuador. They know how to ex- they stop at the sign of their leader, tract from the heads of the enemies turn about and retrace in dancing -which, like the Dyaks of Borneo, step the circle just marked. At an- they carry away as trophies-the other signal they stop altogether, skull. Somehow, I imagine, they when their squaws regale them with must break the skull into fragments.

small tin cups filled with diluted raw They do this, however, without desalcohol, manufactured from sugar- troying the overlying flesh. This cane. In a few minutes dancing is they shrink by some process, leaving resumed, amI some of the men kept all hair on the head, until the whole this up for forty or forty-eight hours, has contracted to the size of a man's when they fell in death-like stupor to fist. During this process they know the ground. They never took off how to mold the flesh in such a their masks or fancy dresses during all manner that it retains the general this time and even slept out their semblance of the former being, redebauch in the attire of their orgies. duced only in size to a diameter of This was in honor of the feast of the about four inches. Ghastly, indeed, Immaculate Conception of the Virgin appear these trophies of an unbridled Mary. Can the pagan Indians have hatred against their enemies.

more horrible or degrading feasts Missions to the Indians than these?

From the Bolivian border of the Efforts to reach the South Ameri- Pilcomayo district we come into the can Indians with the Gospel have almost unknown regions of the been few and very far between. The Amazon Indians. Somewhere there scattered location of the tribes would are the Uginas, of whom even seri- not have been so detrimental if the ous white men affirm that the tribe efforts had been directed by re- has short tails. There are the Mojas sponsible boards and in a systematic of the Beni, who beat the bark of way promising continuance. But the some tree until they can make of the majority of these missions are of a fiber smocks to cover their naked- spasmodic character. Two' of the ness. Again, there are the Napo In- stations I know are exceptions. I

UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERtCA 8I S

refer to the work of Rev. Grubb in not want to buy. But the colpor- Paraguay and the successful mission teur prest his wares and, really so of Rev. Mr. Sadlier among the as to get rid of the man, Chiriotti Araucanians in· Chol-Chol. These bought a copy. "So, now you can are under the direction of the So- go on," said he to the colporteur, ciety for the Propagation of the when, to his surprize, that man said: Gospel. "N0, sir, now my real work begins. You have no idea how to handle the A Remarkable Conversion Bible, nor how to get the best out of her." So he took a copy and made But some others, conducted by Chiriotti open with him at the same men and women of deep piety and WORTH SAVING- TWO PUMA INDIANS OF BOLIVIA unquestioned consecration, are of a passage. .He turned to a prophecy and very doubtful value because of their then to its fulfilment. Chiriotti told lack of backing. One had a very me that the colporteur remained . remarkable beginning. Antonio Chir- three hours at this first visit. A dive iotti, an Italian, lived in California of three hours into "The Book and owned a flour mill. He was a Charming" will set any man to know widower and childless, a prosperous more about it, and so our Italian man and, of course, held to the friend began to study for himself Roman Catholic faith. One day a and, finally, was soundly and scrip- Danish Bible colporteur offered him turally converted. Naturally, he a copy of the Scriptures. He did wanted to do something evangelical

for others and finally decided to go independently work for the evangeli- to the Argentine Republic and start zation of the Indians. They often a mission among the unevangelized live in abject poverty, and while Indians in the Gran Chaco. When they are most Christlike, healing the he reached Buenos Aires he was al- sick and helping the needy, no con- ready advanced in age and rather a stitution can stand the strain they sick man. He deposited some $40,- put on theirs, and with their disap- 000 in two of the banks and then pearance from the field the work is wanted to make his will, giving all likely to come to an end. The same this money to the work he had may be true of some workers who planned. How great was his sur- have come to establish themselves prize when he learned that under among the Indians of San-Pedro, Argentine law he could not make Bolivia. They are connected with such disposition of his money. Then some "Faith Mission" in Australia.

his attention was called by a godly It seems to me very apparent that physician who had practised some the heavy drain upon the finances in years in Bolivia to that country, and Australia caused by the present war, in 191 I old Chiriotti actually arrived will greatly diminish, if not stop al- in La-Paz where I was one of the together, for some years, these special witnesses to his will, giving all his gifts for independent mission work.

money for the evangelization of the The world is paying attention to Aimara Indians. Then he died. The the great continent of the South as four executors of his will bought a never before. The war in Europe, large tract of land on the border of the completion of the Panama Canal Lake Titicaca, and with the land and, to the Christian worker, the were taken over some thirty families notices of a great Latin America of Indians. The interest of the resi- Christian Vorkers' Congress during due of the capital is just large enough the month of February of 1916 in to pay for the salary of one married Panama, are some of the factors mIssIOnary. The work is excellent, which produce this interest.

but I doubt the wisdom ·and the per- We hope that the movement south- manency of such isolated efforts. ward will not only result in com- Past history has shown that somehow mercial profits to all concerned, and they come to grief. How much not simply strike an international better had Chiriotti left his money and an intercollegiate note, but we to some constituted board of mis- hope that definite plans will be dis- sions who would continue the work cust and adopted, whose sole and and enlarge it even if something had persistent aim will be to bring the happened to the original gift. truth as it is in Christ Jesus to these In Puno, Peru, an excellent Chris- millions of unevangelized Indians of tian couple, Mr. and Mrs. A. Stahl, South America.

It is a fearful sin to be going through the world with a light kindled by the Holy Spirit to guide sinners to Jesus, and yet to carry this as a dark lantern, which can give no benefit to anyone. But how vain is it, on the other hand, to hold up a lamp when the light is almost out.-WM. C. BURNS.

Students of I.Jatin

BY CHARLES IJlllllllS IHJRREY, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students ~~~~~HY are the students which the teachings of the Author of of Latin America a the Sermon on the Mount are dis- supremely important seminated and obeyed among the factor in causing the educated leaders of Latin America. will of Jesus Christ to The spreading of knowledge of the be respected and obey- sublime truths of the New Testament, and obedience thereto, constitutes a ed in their nations? Certainly not solemn obligation and inspiring opbecause they are numerically strong: portunity facing the Christian people it is doubtful whether one in a thou- of North America. The same fundasand of the total population is a mental factors essential in building student of university grade; surely and fortifying character among colnot on account of financial power: lege men of the United States and many will inherit and acquire vast Canada are indispensable in the conwealth, but as undergraduates they struction of South American manare not taxpayers; their impetuous hood. radical speeches and writings do not vitally influence political life. Not During the past year forty thouwhat they are, but who they are, and sand North American college men what they are becoming, require that were enrolled in devotional Biblethey be reckoned with in any enter- study groups, and other thousands prise affecting the future of their read and studied the Scriptures pripeople. vately. Nearly as many followed regular courses in an investigation Within ten years Latin students of the needs of the nations for the who are now pursuing their studies Christian religion. Ten thousand enin Mexico, South and Central Ameri- listed voluntarily in definite altruistic ca, and abroad, will be making the service to fellow students and others. laws, directing the industries, editing The study and practise of prayer are the journals, and determining in widespread in college circles; three large measure the policies of a score thousand selected student leaders deof republics. Will the laws be voted ten days to study ·and training framed and executed for the welfare in summer conferences. Every Sunof the people? Will industry rec- day finds over one-half of North ognize and respect the rights of the America's student popUlation astoiler? Can the press be reckoned sembled in the churches for worship as a powerful ally of righteousness, and communion. and will national policies be such as will advance the cause of internation- Scarcely a Bible-study group can al good-will? be found in all of the student centers of Latin America. Mission and An affirmative answer to these inquiries will depend on the extent to

8IS THE MISSION ARY R~VmW OF tHE WORLb

social-study courses are practically of his own nation, and in abstaining unknown; here and there one dis- absolutely fr0111 attacks upon any covers examples of social service, form of religion. but the majority of university students are allowed to live in selfish- Those Anglo-Saxon people who ness. N at five per cent. of the stu- have been most suocessful in winning dents attend church, and the practise the confidence of Latin American of prayer is practically abandoned. students have quickly established One student conference enrolled one points of contact in the study of hundred students representing a half- English, athletics, social life and love dozen institutions of higher learning. of country; participation jointly in these exercises and in discussion of These facts are not stated with a the claims of patriotism has opened view to making odious comparisons, the way naturally for reading the but rather in order to reveal to Bible, the abandonment of practises Christian people in North America the that cripple physical efficiency, and wonderful opportunity they have for for heart to heart talks about the sharing and cooperating with Latin life and mission of our Lord. America in applying approved methods of character-building to the needs That there are obstacles in the of student life in the Latin American way of making Latin American republics. Successful cooperation universities truly Christian no one will depend largely upon the attitude can deny. That the obstacles are of North Americans. One who insuperable no one dare affirm. The would awaken interest in the Bible response of students and professors as a guide to true living, and inspire to a sympathetic approach is most confidence in the Church as God's encouraging; the generous backing organized plan for extending right- offered by individuals and governeousness, must not move among ments to efforts for the moral and Latin students with an air of super- religious welfare of students chaliority and racial pride; let him rather lenges our admiration. Thousands recognize his own personal short- of thoughtful students and professors comings and the mistakes of his are waiting for friends who will nation; let him appreciate the show them that belief in God and achievements of Latin American immortaJity is rational, that religion civilization and the noble qualities is to be incorporated in daily life, of her citizens, and let him fully and to manifest its power in transidentify himself with their interests formed lives and communities. and aspirations. He will not go far afield if, in this spirit, he emphasizes The people of North America the supreme importance of high should not overlook the opportunity moral character among the youth to interpret the best in their civiliof a nation, and the indispensable zation to the two thousand students contribution of the religion of Jesus in the United States from all parts Christ in achieving such character. of Latin America. They are study- He will be wise in refraining from ing here for a few years, and will references to the glory and greatness soon return to positions of influence an-lOng their people. They should have no occasion for feeling that the

STUDENTS OF LATIN

"Yankee" is selfish and provincial. sented the Philippine Islands, Porto- Every facility should be placed at Rico, Cuba, Mexico, San Salvador, their disposal which will acquaint Costa Rica, Colombia, Brazil, Para- them with the best homes, with agen- guay, Argentina and Spain. Many cies and organizations seeking the came for the good time they would welfare and uplift of the people, and have, resolved to skip all they could above all, they should come into per- of Bible study, etc. Several rebelled sonal touch with the ablest students at the start, and I believe were only and professors who are earnest held to the system of the Conference Christian men, disposed to share their religious convictions. by their sense of the duty of a guest. One started a theosophist and a dis- Over one hundred Latin American torter of .the Bible and ended a students enjoyed the hospitality of Christian, eager to learn all that the the North American Christian Stu- Bible contains. One man, caught in dent Movement as guests at the sum- the grip of a habit that meant the mer conferences last June. The pos- destruction of his mind and eventusibilities of such fellowship are thus ally of his life, found most joyous stated by one of the wisest leaders release. in Christian work in Latin America: "At Northfield, church difference, "I am just finishing twenty days international jealousy, and personal of work in the Latin American sec- aversion to piety, threatened to distion of the student conferences. In rupt the Conference. Within two the eleven years of my residence in days of the end of the Conference, Latin America I have never expe- in a discussion class, a dispute arose rienced anything that has brought me which threat~ned to lead to intersuch certainty as to the ultimate suc- national complications at every point cess of the task we have in hand in and delayed the session an hour. This these Latin republics. I have always seemed to be the final explosion of been confident; now I am sure. I the pent-up feelings of men who had have seen in the last three weeks been fighting for self-control for a young men from the best classes, the week: The very next evening was leaders of their peoples, yielding marked by a deeply spiritual disthemselves not only to the influences cussion on "What Does It Mean to of friendship, but to the highest work be a Christian?" The decision meetof the Holy Spirit. I have seen men ing held on Sunday was the most transformed from agnostics to fer- moving I have ever attended. Every vent disciples, from relentless parti- man present voluntarily signed a conzans to apostles of aNew Brother- tract to follow and serve Jesus Christ hood, from careless seekers of selfish as Master and Lord, and to read the pleasure to resolute warriors for hon- Bible and pray. Those who had esty, purity, and kindliness. I at- been open and flagrant in opposition tended the conferences for the full frankly confest their sin and begged time at Eagles Mere and at North- forgiveness. field. At these two conferences a total of thirty-four men, exclusive of "The results are far-reaching. One the leaders, attended. They repre- representative of a splendid family said he was going home to be a

Christian engineer and a promoter of K3 LOIJ1Il1Creiai congresses and Christian work for young men. An- trade commissions dre desirable and other, a brilliant graduate in engi- necessary, but Christian people of neering, offered a month's salary all nations should hail with great joy whenever Christian work can be the approaching congress on Chrisopened in his city, one of the un- tian work in Latin America to be opened student ~enters of South held in Panama in February. May America. Otic, a brother oi the presi- it mark the beginning of genuine dent of a republic where the Chri~­ cooperation of the Americas in great tian Association has never had a 1110r:,: 2nd religious ente:prises! It welcome, declares it as his intention will certainly recognize the important to use his influence to introduce the relation of the universities to the Association there." spread of Christianity, and will adopt plans which will result in the centers In the past, selfish motives and the of learning becoming sources of desire for gain have too largely de- moral and spiritual enrichment for termined the attitude of North all the people. American people toward La:::1 Amer- Shall We Send Missionaries to Argentina?

BY REV. ERNEST N. BAUMAN, JlUENOS AIRES Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church BOUT twelve years ago year, and in a short time it was very evident that it would soon be mA a Methodist local much too small for the ever-growing preacher began to hold congregation. The best feature of occasional services in the year has been the prevailing a private house in this spirit of conviction. Sunday after suburb of Buenos Sunday sinners followed the Gospel Aires, known as Flores. For years call, young and old became convicted the work was carried on by lay- of sin, repented and surrendered to workers in private houses or rented Jesus Christ. One night we were halls, finally a regular pastor was deeply stirred by the conversion of appointed, and the work flourished a young man, whose wife was a so well that it was decided to build faithful member of our church. We a chapel. Almost everybody was knew that she and her parents were ready to make sacrifices so that this earnestly praying for her husband, chapel might become a reality, aed and· were overjoyed to see their finally the prayers and good works prayers answered in this way. Some of this congregation bore fruitage. time afterward another young man came under conviction as a result A chapel, measuring forty-five feet by twenty-seven, was erected last

WE SEND MISSIONARIES TO ARGENTINA?

of the prayers of his sweetheart. were held and the matter was prayer- His family is still indifferent to vita"l fully brought before them; hence we Christianity, but the young man has believe that what was done was not experienced a wonderful change and merely a result of a momentary im· does not fear to do personal work pulse but rather a deliberate choice for the Master. About the same inspired and invigorated by the time a woman, on whom I had called, prayers and personal talks of parents was happily converted. Her life had and teachers. The children have been 2. peculiarly sad one, her hus- since been organized into a probationband had been a confirmed drugkard ers' Bible-class so that their early for upwards of thirty years. One decision of childhood may be A GROUP OF MISSION – SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ANENDOGA son, who for several years had fol- grounded and built up on the word lawen the evil example of his father of God. One of the most helpful was converted three years ago, and features of the work in this congreit was due largely to his influence gation is the fact that the parents that the mother took the same step. are so deeply concerned about the Now both mother and son are anx- spiritual well-being of their children. iously praying for the speedy conversion of the drunken father. From these and other similar re- sults, we must conclude that the In our Sunday-school we have had Protestant Church has a right to the privilege of seeing about twenty work in this land. But there is anchildren decide for Christ. Parents other reason. Argentina, Uruguay and teachers had been praying and and Paraguay have together 8,000,000 working for this for a long time, inhabitants, and about three hundred special meetings for the teachers thousand immigrants land on these

shores annually. Italy and Spain The city of Rosario, with 170,000 in- furnish almost all of these .tho there is also some sprinkling of Germans, habitants, has but seventeen priests. English, Russian, etc. Ve priests are hated, reviled, and Buenos Aires, the second Latin city of the world, has 1,300,000 in- despised. We can not even take a habitants. It is by far the largest and most cosmopolitan city of all religious census in our own parish South America. It is noted for its splendid avenues and parks. It is without being molested. It is conjust as busy and modern as any other city in the world. It has a most sidered bad luck to meet one of us modern electric light system, and its street-railways are a great improve- on the street. We American priests ment on those of New York. An extensive subway system is under have petitioned the Pope to allow us construction at present, in order to relieve the very much congested to wear ordinary clothes and to put downtown district. aside· our priest's dress when we go In New York City there are but forty Roman Catholic churches, about out, so that we may be better able the same number as in Philadelphia, where there are also 500 Protestant to reach the people. Should Proteschurches, while Buenos Aires has but twenty. Is it fair that New York tants have missions here? Why not?

should have about 900 Protestant The two churches get along very churches; Philadelphia 500, and well side by side in the United States, Buenos Aires only twenty? why not here?" . A Roman Catholic priest from North America, who has a parish in The above statement was made to this city, throws light on the subject, when he says: "We have no Robert E. Speer and to Rev. S. D. such liberty, power, or influence in Argentina as we have in the United Daugherty, a Lutheran missionary States. Both native and foreign elements are entirely irreligious. In still resident here. The prevalent our own parish only 8 per cent. attend church, and when they do immorality all through these repubattend they are so noisy that no one would ever dream that they are in lics is a fact that can hardly be a church service. All our work is fearfully undermanned; there are exaggerated. Not long ago a promonly 1,000 priests in all Argentina, and I know one parish of 130,000 inent citizen of Buenos Aires assured souls here in Buenos Aires which has only one priest and two assistants. me that not one man out of ten in this city is true to his wife.

There are scores of towns which are not yet occupied by any Protes- tant Christian missionary. The large cities are being touched only slightly by the preaching of the Gospel, and there are still some of the capitals of provinces which have no regular Gospel preaching.

What greater argument does the Christian need than this: South America is still groping in moral and spiritual darkness. South America does not know the saving power of the Lord Jesus Christ. This is the Macedonian cry from South Amer- ica. We Christians have the Gospel to-day because St. Paul said: "I was not disobedient to the heavenly vis- ion." Are we disobedient?

Latin-American Congress*

BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK · .Chairman of the Commission on Unity and Cooperation of the Congress on Christian Work in Latin America HE events of the last, was explored and conquered in a fTl few years have made a new American map. lust for gold and glory. Its people in large measure have failed of the The finishing of the impulse for noble living which comes by a noble inheritance. If we have , greatest engineering achievement in all our inherited high moral ideals it is not history has reconstructed our geo- to our praise, but it constitutes a graphy. reason why we should share them North and South America, united with others less fortunate.

ge"ologically by continuous mountain It is this appeal which may be ranges, are now bound by the living confidently made and which will be ties of commerce, and social and a mighty leverage in the endeavor to educational interest as well as by lift to higher levels and purer forms common political ideals. It is there- of Christian truth people who have fore important that they should been made cold or indifferent by t~e understand each other religiously, formalities of religion without its and that by both of them common spirit.

standards of Christian thought and It is to be hoped, therefore, that life should be accepted. For such is the mind open to recognize elements going to be their unity in all other of truth and goodness in any form respects that for their common wel- of faith will characterize the Panama fare the same ethical and Christian Conference. While from the pre- ideals should be acknowledged and vailing religion of Latin America as made effective among all the people. an institution we may not expect It is in no spirit of superiority that much welcome or cooperation, yet we own the fact that to North doubtless there are many individuals, America there came a type of life, nominally or by inheritance attached and an inheritance of reformation to that faith, who will give us wel- truth, denied to South America. It come in our program and help at all is no reflection upon South America least along some lines of Christian for them and us to own the advance. Even as in the United fact that, whereas the upper half of States such help is given in matters the continent was settled and occu- of temperance and social reform, so pied by men of sturdy religious con- it is believed it will be in Latin victions, who sought only a home America. Indeed, we have been as- where they and their descendants sured by men high in civic authority might enjoy civil and religious free- in South America that an approach dom, the lower half of the continent to those republics-not in a way of • From the tenth to the twentieth of February next there will be held in the City of Panama a Congress of all missionary societies working in Latin America. It is the purpose of this paper briefly to state tbe reasons for such a gathering-its scope and the ends it is hoped it may serve.

condescension, but of helpfulness to isters of religion the people would better enable people to carry burdens get little help, because their lives so which they realize are too great for definitely contradict their preaching. them-will be welcomed. Let us The same spirit which sends us as then manifest an eager readiness to missionaries to barbarians across cooperate with any who will unite oceans should impel our steps to the with us on any plane of the great he'lpless and hopeless savages of Christian enterprise. Let us not South America. demand cooperation in the entire program as a condition of accepting This much as to the mission field allies for any part of that program. of Latin America as a reason for calling the Congress. Two further There are two other important reasons pertain to what is called the reasons for considering our Chris- home base. In the first place, the tian duty to Latin America. First: Christian Church of North America There are probably forty thousand has not seriously considered her students in her various universities- great opportunity in the southern of most of whom it may truly be half of the continent. Here are said that the doctrines and cere- seventy millions of people-our monies of religion to which they neighbors, our allies in repUblican have been accustomed no longer principles, inheritors with us of make any strong appeal to them. many of the fundamental principles But they are to be the leaders of of Christianity-to whom our conthought and action for all those re- tribution of educational and religious publics. The future of those re- forces has been almost negligible. publics will be determined largely And yet, they with us must deterby them. If they become skeptics, mine the destiny of the new world. or totally indifferent to all religious They, without us, can not shape that questions, it will bode no good for destiny. It is equally true we withthe future of those lands. If we out them can not worthily shape that have a message that will appeal to destiny. Especially now-when the inquiring minds, and if we can open civilization of the old world seems up to them possibilities of a higher to be going bankrupt-now is the life than any that now seems open, time for America to manifest a we will be doing much for the sta- solidarity of peace and Christian bility and permanence of Latin- brotherhood which may be this dark American institutions. world's final hope.

Again, there are eight million In- Again – even the little that has dians in Latin America for whose been done for the spiritual uplift of spiritual life almost nothing is lOW Latin America has lacked the statesbeing done. We do not forget that man's view and program. More than there was a time when Jesuit and a score of missionary societies have Franciscan priests did heroic service carried on work but often feebly in their behalf and lifted many of ll1anned and supported and without them out of their age-long bar- coordination with each other. There barism. But those priests have few have been many soldiers-but not an successors now. From many mm- army. The spirit of cooperation be-

LATIN-AMERICAN

tween denominations has been largely is hampered, if not imperilled, by absent. Nor has there been any such the low average of intelligence.

general and united consideration of Illiteracy ranges from 40 to 80 per the vast field and its many problems cent. Of course there are many edu- as alone would supply the knowl- cated and cultured people. There edge and the program necessary for are circles in their great cities which effective advance. In the hope of will compare well with like circles such consideration and such action anywhere. But the safety of a re- following as will write a new day of public depends on the diffusion of progress in Latin America this Con- intelligence. For lack of it there gress is called. have been many small revolutions in Now, as to its scope.-As in Edin- South America. They who would burgh, eight commissions have been best help Latin America to a surer appointed to consider the main sub- progressive civic life must inspire a j ects pertaining to missionary work. deeper desire for general education These commissions, appointed last and must lead the way in securing it.

winter by a general committee repre- The matter of popular education senting alI the societies doing work should, therefore, have large atten- in Latin America, have given diligent tion at Panama. And in this the consideration to the themes CO'11- Congress wiII have cordial welcome mitted to them. They have con- and hearty support from the leaders ducted most extensive correspond- of national life in all the republics.

ence with missionaries and others in Moral character is, of course, an- all the republics, and have studied other foundation stone of the life as carefully as they could the social, of a republic. In many parts of educational, moral and religious con- Latin America the morals of the ditions. They have also had confer- people are at low ebb. It does not ences with leaders in the politicallife indeed become us to cast stones.

of some of the republics. From We have too many sins of our own.

these wide surveys they are making A prominent South American said· up their findings, which will be re- to the writer, "The social life I wit- ported first to the workers in the nessed in some of the N ew York various fields for criticism and cor- hotels would not be tolerated in rection, and finally in printed vol- Buenos Aires." That is the call for umes will be presented to the Con- home mission work in the United gress at Panama in February. States, and it is loud and urgent.

While Latin America is behind In But so is the calI in Latin America.

the march of American progress, That the types of sin are somewhat even the steps it is taking are handi- different (and each nation seems to capped by serious failures in some furnish its own brand) does not directions. Thus, all the govern- make the national peril less. South ments are republican; some of them America needs what North America of an advanced type. Those farthest needs-the Gospel of Christ. Only from North America have made the that can finally lift the moral level.

greater progress-as Chile, Argen- If a facing of moral conditions as tina, and Brazil. But their future they exist in many parts of Latin

America shall stimulate the Chris- columns. Missions among nontian Church here and there to more Christian people have given us a united and persistent efforts, there lesson we may well learn and apply will be fewer revolutions in Latin in Latin America. If in China and America and surer national progress. Japan bodies differing in doctrine and polity can get together as a One of the most important ques- united Church, surely on this contions the Panama Congress will have tinent we should be able to do the to face is why, after fifty years of same. Latin America furnishes a Protestant mission work in Latin fine field for such an experiment. America, the fruit of it is so incon- Its languages are few, its people spicuous. Separate denominations, homogeneous, its ecclesiastical hisoperating each in its little corner, have been more or less content with tory, tho sad, is suggestive. It is to what they have done, and have had no just conception of how little im- be hoped, therefore, that a spirit of press Protestant Christianity has the utmost cooperation will rule the really made on the life of Latin America. When in more statesman- proceedings wt Panama. It is our like fashion they get together to survey the whole vast field, they will only hope for impressing ourselves be forced to see that their small or our message on peoples accusgains are scarcely visible among the tomed to a united Christian front. seventy millions of the population. Doubtless a consideration of edu- Along with that fact will come the cational problems, for example, will further conviction that some new make it plain that in all grades a methods not only must be adopted combination of different denominabut an entire new alignment of tions can do far more creditable and Christian forces must be had. Then appealing work. A few great instithey wilI see that their science of the tutions in each republic will be far mISSIOnary propaganda has been better than a score of feebly supradically wrong in this respect-that ported schools. Even union theothey are in the presence of a unified logical education is not beyond an Church, while their own forces are easy possibility, as Porto Rico and hopelessly divided and often at vari- Japan and China have revealed. ance with each other. Instead of antagonizing a unified Church, The time has come on every misbecause associated In our minds sion field at home and abroad when with teachings we can not ac- denominations must get together and cept, it were far wiser to see in it work together, or be at a hopeless an ideal that may be worth striving disadvantage in comparison w~th the for. Instead of combating such an world's great enterprises in all other ideal, were it not far better to make realms. Christ's prayer "That they of it an appeal for a reorganization all may be one" is coming to its of Protestant forces? We have answer. May the Panama Congress failed to conquer wi,th our divided be bold to accept the fact and head lines. T,et us try the effect of united alI its program for Latin America toward that divine ideal. Then it will mark the mightiest advance that the Kingdom of Christ on this con- tinent has ever known.

BEFORE SUNDAY AFTERNOON SERVICE IN FRONT OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S

CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING At the San Francisco Exposition AN IMPRESSIVE GLIMPSE OF THE RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL WORK BY E. M. PAGE, NEW YORK [There are two sides to every phase of human life-the good and the evil. The Panama Exposition at San Francisco, which is so beautiful and so uplifting in many respects has also been severely criticized for the immorality that characterizes some of its features and its patrons. Long before the Exposition opened, the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America took measures to induce the authorities of the Exposition and the city of San Francisco to maintain a high moral tone within and without the grounds.

Fortunately, there is at the Exposition the counteracting work of such organizations as the Committee of One Hundred of the Federal Council, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the California Social Hygiene Association, the Young Men's Christian Association, and the Young Women's Christian Association. Some of this work is described in the following interesting article.-EDITOR.] S this the only religious "If you have grasped the true thought of its originators the whole I exhibit on the Exposition has a religious signifi- grounds?" I asked one cance," he replied.

I . Q of the men in charge When the tourist enters the grounds and, passing around the •.. ~ at the. Palace of Edu- Fountain of Energy with its joyous exuberance, walks under the Tower . cation.

He turned anel looked at me 11- tently.

of Jewels and pauses in the arched tion there. This is threefold. There recess to face the fountain group of are ( I ) the religious conferences El Dorado, he meets the first and congresses; there is (2) a large phrasing of the message of the Ex- religious exhibit; and there is (3) position. actual religious work carried on.

A line of struggling human figures All this has been arranged by the push and jostle their way up each Young Men's and the Young Wo- side to the magic portals of the men's Christian Associations, and the Land of Gold. Some are stagger- Committee of One Hundred. The ing to a fall, some are already down. Committee is an' organization of rep- Here .and there one stoops to lift an resentatives from twenty-seven de- unfortunate, but the main rout rushes' nominations united for Christian on unheeding, their arms out- work in San Francisco and to ar- stretched, their faces frenzied by de- range for the exhibit in the Educa- sire. Guarding the gate stand the tional Building.

heroic figures of an Aztec man and In the southwest corner of the woman, holding the great doors in- Palace of Education, over forty de- exorably shut. With a high pity nominations and religious organiza- they watch the impotent pygmies at tions have considerable space for their feet. their striking exhibit. Booths built "Behold the emptiness of the against the walls have been allotted search for gold, its horror and its to separate organizations, such as the cruelty!" their calm detachm€llt Girls' Friendly. Society,. the, Wo- seems to say. men's Christian Temperance Union, Beyond, in the Court of the Uni- the Salvation Army, and others.

verse, is another step. Theinscrip- Here' are dainty models of buiidings tions speak of Truth, the couns-ellor that never fail to attract a crowd, and guide; the groups on the arches here are easy-chairs to tempt the to right and left march forward in footsore and weary. Out on the search of an ideal, the "adventurous main floor is a large space divided by archer" stands fearless at the end of screens into narrow lanes containing a world and directs his arrow still the denominational exhibits of photo- out and up, while the figure on the graphs.

column of the Rising Sun leaps from A moving-picture theater is set up its pedestal with outspread wings, in the corner where one may rest the day all before it and a universe and watch scenes from mission fields to conquer. at home 'and' abroad enacted before Not once but many times is the his eyes with illuminating comments theme repeated; the material is not by an enthusiastic lecturer.

everything, the material alo'ne IS Once as we were passing through empty, spirit transcends all else. the building we were attracted by the But the visitor at the Exposition sound of singing.' I'n the open space is not" left for religious inspiration at the center of the religious exhibit to the chance of his interpreting the we came on a pretty sight. A young sculpture' aright. Religion has an- Japanese minister from the city had other and more definite representa- brought out a portion of his SUll-

THE SAN FRANCISCO

day-school and was proudly putting a collegiate reunion to the congress them through their paces as a prac- of the American Sweet Pea Society. tical demonstration of mission-work. One by one the chubby slant-eyed The reason given by the Exposilittle beings were lifted to a com- tion authorities for the calling of manding position on a chair, where congresses was that the aim of the each child bravely recited his bit of latest vVorld's Fair is "the meeting Scripture. The tiny ones began with of the needs of the world by social, brief quotations such as Christ's sum- educational, and industrial service." mary of the law, or the twenty-third An Exposition auditorium has been Psalm, the older aspiring to the built in the Civic center of San Francisco with halls to accommodate THE CAFETERIA IN THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATWN BUILDING As many as 3,560 have eaten here in one day lengthy achievements of the com- twenty-one meetings at one time. A mandments and the thirteenth chap- Festival Hall and a Congress Hall on ter of First Corinthians. the grounds are also available.

The second type of religious work Active Religious Service at the San Francisco Exposition has been the holding of religious con- Even more definite religious work ferences. The mere number of is being done. In San Francisco these is significant. Over eight under the committee of. One Hunhundred are listed in the official announcement and one out of every dred, a lot has been rented in' a twelve of these has a religious aim. This is a remarkable showing when central spot where a large tent has one considers that this list includes been set up. Here, week by week, every meeting held at the Fair, from come popular preachers and noted evangelists, Billy Sunday among the number, and a vigorous campaign

SUNDAY AT THE BIBLE DAY CEREMONIES OF THE WORLD'S BIBLE CONGRESS (AUGUST 2, 1915), AT THE

FRANCISCO EXPOSITION

THE SAN FRANCISCO

has been carried on for San l'ran- a kitchen and bathroom at one side cisco as well as for the stranger and the charge for all this is twentywithin her gates. five cents a day.

The problems of the Exposition it- Every Sunday afternoon a brief self have been handled largely by service is held on the porch before the the Young Men's and Young Wo- building, one of the most prominent men's Christian Associations. The spots on the grounds. This service service of tourists has been taken is listed by the Exposition along over by the Young Women's organ- with band-concerts and balloon asization, its building being the first to censions as one of the "attractions" the left of the main entrance. There of the daily program. is a wide shady porch with inviting rocking-chairs and with a view across Cornet solos and a trio of cornet, the pools and flowers of the South violin, and piano, attract the crowd, Gardens to the Tower of Jewels. and selections are sung by the choir. Within is a large reception-hall with When the shifting audience seems !nore easy-chairs, writing-desks, and largest the preacher gives his tent;>bles. Behind a curving counter a minute talk. Unexpected diversions group of workers are ready to direct sometimes tax the adaptability of the the tourist to hotels, eating-places, leader. One man was about to speak exhibit palaces, the best band-con- when the whirr of an aeroplane ancert, or the funniest laugh-producer nounced the approach of Art Smith ('11 the zone. Behind is the cafeteria, for one of his spectacular flights. All so inexpensive and deservedly popu- proceedings were suspended while aular that at meal times the line of dience, choir, and even the minister, hungry ones waIting to be fed watched the graceful dipping and stretches through the reception-room turning of the winged machi1}e. When and far along the walk outside. Up- the spectators turned back to,>;:iew the stairs is an emergency hospital on a discomfiture of the interrupted speakdllninutive scale where over five er, they were greeted with the text: hundred first aid treatments were given in the first four months. Here "And when the living creatures are rest-rooms with comfortable went the wheels went beside them; couches for tired women. At one and when the living creatures were side is a day-nursery with a kinder- lifted up from the earth the wheels garten teacher and a trained nurse were lifted up. . and . in charge of the thirty or more I heard the noise of their wings like babies. A fenced enclosure with see- the noise of great waters." sa·w, sand-pile, and swings affords a playground for the older children, Not a man moved away during the and a cool, dark room with a row of stirring and timely talk that followed. tiny white cribs is the sleeping-place of the littlest ones. The big, airy For the employees and those who playroom is fitted out with low tables are adding to the pleasure of the Exand ridiculously small chairs, while position visitors much is being done playthings are everywhere. There is by both organizations at work. The Young Men's Christian Association has put its building in the form of a large club-house by the Presidio, or United States Military reserve, where

it deals primarily with the needs of food, some energetic county adverthe Army and Navy men, who are on tisers had supplied two fascinating the grounds in large numbers. films of Californian country and ranch life to amuse and instruct, and The girls emp·loyed in all the Exhi- prizes were given to the girls from bition palaces are organized by the the county and state which had the Young Women's Christian Associa- largest delegations among the worktion in groups. Each leader has one ing force. One of the girls said on or more buildings under her direct leaving that it was her first party in supervision. A committee of volun- five years. teer workers from outside cooperate with leaders among the girls in such Out on the zone, tucked in behind a way that there are practically no the gaudy houses of Mirth is a club THE GIRLS' CLUB HOUSE IN THE (lZONE'" Conducted by the Young Women's Christian Association for the dancers and other performers during their leisure hours women employed who are not known house for the workers there. It is to the working force. Parties have a low, brown house with broad eaves been given for the various groups, the and nasturtiums running up over the girls from California acting as host- windows. In a large but cosy room esses. are little tables for eating, large com- fortable chairs, a book-case filled with In the Food Products Building one books and magazil~es, and a few good evening, . the doors were closed as pictures hanging on its walls. A usual at six o'clock, and by six-thirty smal1 window, like a pantry-slide, in a space in the center had been cleared, one corner, opening into the kitchen, tables were set with white linen, silver is a lunch counter, where a hungry and flowers, and two hundred and girl may get a square meal for fifteen thirty girls sat down. The exhibitors cents. On one side is a rest-room, in that department had provided the

THE SAN FRANCISCO

and a large bath-room equipped with and to employ those who make good. the only bath-tubs on the Zone. If an international exposition is a Three visits at the club-house constitutes a girl a member with the free- reflection of the spirit and thought dom of the house and a card of per- of the world, then these are indeed sonal introduction to the nearest times after the Master's own heart. Association when she leaves the Ex- The world is awake to the preemiposition. nence of spiritual things, and it con~ siders the ideal of service large The problem of unemployment enough to be taken as the central after the Exposition is one which the thought of its latest World's Fair. workers are trying to solve. A night- There is a yearning and a striving A BANQUET GIVEN BY THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE GIRLS EMPLOYED IN THE FOOD PRODUCTS BUILDING WHICH THEY HAVE TERMED "PALACE OF NIBBLING ARTS"

school has been opened to give the toward what the Church can give, and fifteen hundred employees a lift the Church is alive to its opportunities toward the top. Classes meet in the in San Francisco as never before. Association Building, and teachers Let us take courage from this lesson from a standard commercial college of the Exposition and lay hold on give their services three nights a the great task before us in something week, and on alternate nights one of of the spirit shown in Weinman's the largest department stores offers statue of the Rising Sun, knowing a course in salesmanship. This store that the time is at hand, the day is has promised to give preference to indeed before us, and the world to these students at the holiday season, conquer.

the Dominican

THE MISSIONARY WORK OF THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH lC:;~~~~ HE Dominican Republic February, 1915. This occasion occupies a part of the brought together the largest and most island of Santo Do- representative gathering of Protes- mingo, which it shares tants ever held in the interior of the with the Haitian Re- Dominican Republic, about forty new public. The people of converts came forward and as many the Dominican Republic speak Span- more were received into the mission ish, while the Haitians generally use and church as members and pro- the French language. Recurring re- bationers.

volutions from its early history until Last February evangelistic meet- the present time have kept the island ings were held at Jababa, Santiago, in a: constant state of turmoil. The Maca, Palmar, Salcedo, Barbaro, and unsettled conditions of governments Sanchez, and were very fruitful, for have prevented most of the mission about ninety persons were received boards ·from sending missionaries to as members or probationers. At these fields, so they have not been Moca, where there are two large so well cared for as have Cuba and Roman Catholic churches, the Prot- Porto Rico. The nominal religion estant workers before mentioned, of the island is Roman Catholicism. marched through the streets singing About twenty-four years ago, Rev. and giving short addresses in the S. E. Mills, a minister of the Free parks and on the corners of the Methodist Church, went to the Do- streets, and at evenings held their minican Republic, taking his family services in a building. At the first with him, and commenced work in evening services, while the mission- the interior on the north side. Later ary secretary was speaking stones other missionaries of the same church began to come against and on the joined him, but the. frequent revo- iron roof of the building. The Chief lutions have hindered the work, and of Police, however, later gave ade- some of the workers have been quate protection.

obliged to return home. The only other Protestant mission Some of the converts have been in Santa Domingo is carried on by organized into a Free Methodist the Women's Board of the African class at San Francisco de Macoris, Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, where a commodious church has been who have a station at San Pedro de built, a school building and mission- Macoris. In Haiti, the Seventh Day ary residences. This first Protestant Adventists are at Cape Haitien and church ever built in the interior of the southern Baptists and Protestant the island, was dedicated by the Rev. Episcopal societies have workers in B. Winget, Missionary Secretary, in Jacmel and Porto au Prince.

A Visit to a ] ungle Station

Siam* BY ROBERT E. SPEER Secretary of the Board of Foreign 1-Iissions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

AP TEANG is one of The Tap Teang station equip- ment consists at present of a resimT the newest stations of dencecompound for Dr. Dunlap and the Pre s b y t e ria n Mr. Snyder, a hospital compound for Church, in the prov- the hospital and residence (the gift ince of Trang on the Bay of Bengal side of of the Siamese high Commissoner), the lower Siam Peninsula. The station and a church compound on which it is the outgrowth of twenty-five years is desired to erect also a school for of itinerating work by Dr. and Mrs. boys and girls and a residence for Eugene P. Dunlap, who traveled up the unmarried women of the station.

and down these provinces when there The little mission school is the only were only jungle paths through the Christian school in the whole state forests and crazy little sailboats of Puket with its seven provinces along the coast. On one of Dr. belonging to the Tap Teang field.

Dunlap's first visits to Tap Teang Twenty or thirty children have al- village through a Christian Chinese ready gathered in the school and who had emigrated to the peninsula are delighted at the prospect which from Hong Kong, he met an old it has opened to them. There is a Siamese gentleman who, by his re- chance here not only to train Chris- flections upon natural religion and tian men and women for intelligent especially upon the wonder of the service as they go about their own structure of the human hand, had lives, but also to prepare teachers come to believe in a beneficent and for the Christian schools which fatherly creator. When he first should be scattered up and down heard the Gospel, he welcomed it as these provinces. The only schools the full revelation of the truth which available for the people now are the he had already dimly grasped. Forty unorganized, inefficient schools in the of this old man's descendants have Buddhist wats or temples. For sev- since come into the Christian Church eral years Dr. Dunlap, who is be- and now in the villages north and loved and honored by the Siam south there are scattered three hun- officials from the royal family down, dred baptized believers connected was superintendent of schools for with the central church in Tap the government in the Trang prov- Teang. Far and wide through a re- ince and was building up an efficient gion untouched by any other agencies system.

of Christianity, Dr. Dunlap and his As the little Christian school is companions are sowing the seed of the only center of such enlighten- the Gospel on fruitful soil. ment in these provinces. so the hos- • A Letter from Nakon Stritamarat, Siam, June 3, 1915.

pital is the only place of real succor and they would end by climbing up and relief to the sick and needy and on the platform. Forgetting all other its influence has gone out far and errands, they learned all they could wide. As we came away from of this new story to take back with Trang one of the passengers in our them to their villages. We saw the coach was an old priest from the seed of the 'Kingdom sown on abso- Chinese temple in Penang, conduct- lutely new soil and realized that each ing. a cocoanut grove now in the one of these old men would be the province of Trang for the benefit of beginning of a new work of evanhis temple. Robbers had pounded gelization. him up not long before, and only Miss Christianson's skilful care at This is mission work in its truest the hospital had brought him through. and purest and most Christ-like He and we had no common language form. It is the heroic pioneering in except our common appreciation of which men do not build 0'n other the Christ-like spirit and the skill 111¥n's foundations, but go out into of Miss Christianson, and our com- the heart of the jungles and lay rnon gratitude to the great Love t11ere the first stones of the walls which had brought her to Siam to of the city of God. The men and conditions vastly different from those women who are doing this w0'rk she had known at home. In Dr. have no borrowed glory, indeed, they Bulkley's absence there has been no do not know that they have any medical missionary in the station glory at all, but every hour there we since January a year ago, and for all saw the glory as of the messengers this time Miss Christianson has car- of God who forget themselves and ried the full responsibility, doing in whom the grace and truth of the critical surgical work at times simply heavenly spirit shine forth. This is because it had to be done, and there 110t the sort o:f missionary work was no one else to do it, and, singie- which exploits itself or is clever in handed, doing work which half a its aqvertising and appeal, but if dozen workers at home would not there is any work regarding which have undertaken. the Lord Jesus must be pleased and in which He must recognize to-day The morning of our last day in the very likeness of the work which Tap Teang we spent in the corner He did while He was here on earth, of the market, where the evangelists it is work like this at Tap Teang. preached to the people. It was fascinating to watch especially the old 'Vhat makes work like this possible men from the country drift by in the is love and faith in the hearts of throng and stop to listen. Then as men and women. Neither the slow they were caught by some word of toil of the years nor the wet miseries truth we would see them sit down of the jungle, nor the isolation and on the edge of the platform from loneliness could quench that love or which the evangelists spoke. As the quell that faith and now at last the truth was opened out these old men rich fruitage of peace and joy is would begin to nod assent, to ex- being gathered in. What greater press their delight, to ask questions, privilege could we have than to share yet more fully in this fruitage?

BLA.CK. gUSSIA «

lU SEA Vl eTABRI2. ~ RUMIA ~) ~ -J<A'2..B/N 0 't-'

HAMADANe ~ ~ y PROTESTANT MISSIONS ARABIA. INTHE TURKISH EMPIRE AND SURROUNDING COUNTRIES SHADED TERRITORY INDICATES ARMENIA. TOWNS WHERE MASSACRES AND DEPORT" ATIONS OFARMENIANS HAVe BeEN RE- POR.TEO-ARE UNDERLINED. • M I 551 ON STATIONS- – R.AI L ~OR OS

MISSIONS IN EUROPEAN AND ASIATIC TURKEY BEFORE THE

– I STATIONS , i I FOREIGN STAFF I I I NATIVE AGENCY CONGREGATIONS SCHOOLS MEDICAL MISSIONS .~ …; I .!2 .", ~" III ~ .o.-..l …. .~.~, ….. …. ~ :: :: ~ :: .e~.. . . .a .!2 .~ :: ·1 ~ ·..t i ….~.. ~" SOCIETIES ,/:, .·"S… .~ f! ~ .~ .j".. ~ ~" ~… 'i. :x": ~ -"l ~ II .0.. i 0 t; til 0 ~ "~ "'! It ~ ~ * Cl ~ ~ ~ ~ -.; ~" i ~ .~ ~ ….~.. ~~ ~ .~ R.

2: I .. .. .. .. . American Board ……………………………

Kaiserwerth Deaconesses' Homes ………………. 308 ! 55 14 65 ! 75 209 102 1015 192 15,748) 55,240 i13 1,865 437 24,146 9 11 134,357 .,. .. .. 32 , .. …. ·1 …….. …. 3 490 1 1 1,430 Lohmann's Armenian Aid Association …………… 5 10 9 j1 33 SO 6 71 108 …. .. . . . 1 . . . . . 1 .. 21 1,900 2 3 4,856 Dr. Lepsius' Germau Orient Mission …………….. 4 2 I, 1 2,848 2 . .. 1 7 1 5 … ….. ….. ,' .. . … 2 300 1 Friends' Armenian Mission ………………….. 1 ." 1 .. .. .. 2 , '" … … ….. ….. I .. …. 1 400 .. .. ……

98 100 .. …. 5 308 1 ….. ….. .. …. … ….. .. . American Reformed Presbyterians (Cililia and Cyprus) 3 " 321 2 .. 8 … 23 '" 1 7,888 British & Foreign Bible Society ……………….. 1 … 1 .. .. … 1 … … … …… .. American … Bible Society ·····················t···· 1 26 1 I .. .. … '" 26 … ….. . …. .. …. -'" ….. .. . ….. – – — — — – -'- – – – — – — — – – — TotaL ……………………………… 39 334 74 18 73 146 275 109 1140 300 15,846 55,340 113 1,865 469 27,534 14 17 151,379 Proteaiant Societies W orkinc in Turkey Mission Stations, or Places Where Mis- and Syria Before the War sionaries Reside 1. American Board of Commissioners (The figures refer to the Societies occupy- for Foreign Missions. ing each) 2. American Bible Society. Acre, 17. Jerusalem, 4, 17, 22, 3. Asia Minor Apostolic Institute.. Abeih, 7. 23, 32, 36. 4. Christian and Missionary Alliance. Adabazar, 1. 5. Friends' Foreign Missions Associa- Adana, 1. Kefr Yasif, 17. Adrianople, 15. Kessab, 1. tion of New England. Ain Karim, 4. Kochanes, 11. 6. Mennonite Church. Aintab,1. Konia,3. 7. Presbyterian Church, North. Alexandretta, 29. Kortcha, 1. 8. Reformed (Dutch) Church in Ameri- Aleppo, 27. Larnaca, 9, 22. Antioch, 29. Latakia, 9. ca. Baakleen, 28. Marash, I, 33. 9. Reformed Presbyterian Church. Baalbek, 18. Mardin, 1. 10. Seventh-day Adventists. Bagdad, 17. Marsovan, 1. 11. Archbishop's Mission to Assyrian Bardizag, 1, 10. Mersina,9. Busrah (Bassora), Monastir, 1. Christians. Mosul, 17. 12. Baptist Missionary Society. 8. Moush,33. 13. Beirut Orphanage. Beersheba, 4. Mt. of Olives, 17. 14. British and Foreign Bible Society. Beit Marl, ZO. Nablous, 12, 17. 15. British Jews' Society in Adrianople. Bethlehem, 17, 24. Nazareth, 17, 19. 16. British Syrian Mission Schools. Beirut, 7, 13, 14, 18, Nicosia, 9, 22. 17. Church Missionary Society. Oorfa, 1. 18. Church of Scotland Mission to Jews. 22,32. Ramallah, 5, 17. 19. Edinburgh Medical Mission Society. Bir Zeit, 17. Ramleh,17. 20. Friends' Foreign Mission Association Bitlis, 1. Ras el Meth, 20. Brousa, 1. Safed, 23, 31. of London. Brummana, 20. Salonica, 1. 21. Jaffa Medical Mission and Hospital. Cesarea, 1. She farner, 17. 22. Jerusalem and the East Mission. Constantinople, I, 2, Shemlan, 17. 23. London Society for the Propagation Shweifat, 25. 14, 18, 20, 23, 31, Sidon, 7. of Christianity Among Jews. 32. Sivas, 1. 24. Miss Dunn's Home. Damascus, 18, 19, Smyrna, I, 18, 23,32. 25. Miss Proctor's Mission and Schools. 23, 310. Suk el Ghurb, 7. 26. North African Mission. El Mouktareh, 18. Tarsus, 1. 27. Presbyterian Church of England. Erzerum, 1. Tiberias, 31. 28. Palestine and Lebanon Nurses' Mis- Es Salt, 17. Tirana, 1. Famagusta, 22. Trebizond, 1. sion. Gaza,17. Tripoli (Africa), 26- 29. Reformed Presbyterian Church of Hadjin, 1,6. Tripoli (Syria), 7. Haifa, 17, 22, 23, 35. Tyre,18. Ireland and Scotland. Harput, I, 33. Van, I, 11,33. 30. Tabeetha Mission Schools. Hasbeiya, 18. Zahleh,7. 31. United Free Church of Scotland. Hebron, 4, 31. 310. Presbyterian Church of Ireland. Jaffa, 4, 17, 2f, 23, 32. Deaconesses of Kaiserwerth. 30,35. 33. German Hiilfsbund. 34. German Orient Society. 35. J udischer Verein. 36. Moravian Church.

Assassination of

THE TURKISH PROGRAM OF ANNIHILATION DESCRIBED BY GOVERN- MENT REPRESENTATIVES, TEACHERS, MISSIONARIES, AND OTHER EYEWITNESSES ~T HE most brutal, the~ sible for the systematic program of most ruthless, the most extermination. Is not Germany also ~ inexcusable, and the responsible-if not for inciting the most widespread mas- outrage, at least for failure to de- sacres of Christians in mand that Turkey, her ally, imme- the last one thousand diately put an end to these butcher- ies. Turkey would not dare to conyears are deluging Armenia with the tinue a course that would involve the loss of German military and financial blood of men, women, and children. support.

Whole villages are wiped out by fire, The following is the text of the government order covering the case. sword, and deportation. It seems Art. 2d. "The commanders of the army, of independent army corps, evident that this movement against and of divisions may, in case of mili- tary necessity, and in case they susthe Armenians is part of a concerted pect espionage or treason, send away, singly or in mass, the inhabitants of scheme against all non-Turkish and villages or town, and install them in other places." Christian inhabitants of Turkey. It The original orders to commanders is estimated that already 800,000 have may have been reasonably humane; but the execution of them has been for perished at the hands of the Turks the most part cruelly harsh, and in many cases accompanied by horrible and Kurds in their fiendish "Holy brutality to women and children, to the sick and the aged. Whole vil- War." In the massacres of 1895-6 lages were deported at an hour's no- tice, with no opportunity to prepare under the Sultan Abdul-Hamid II., for the journey, not even, in some cases, to gather together the scattered according to carefully prepared sta- members of the family, so that little children were left behind. tistics, 88,243 Armenians, of whom The accounts of the sorrows of Arabout IO,OOO were Protestants, were menia are harrowing reading. -Many of -the facts have already been pubmurdered; more than 500,000 robbed lished. VIle gather many of them here that the readers of the REVIEW may of all they possest; 2,493 villages make them a subject of sympathetic and towns were plundered; 568 churches, of which 50 were Protes- tant, were pillaged and destroyed, and 282 others were turned into mosques.

In many places the victims were of- fered the choice between death and Islam and unhesitatingly chose to die rather than to give up even the little light that most of them possest. In 1909, soon after the Young Turks came into power, there were 5,000 or more who died in the Adana onslaught for which the government disclaimed responsibility. To-day, however, the Young Turk government is respon-

prayer, and that some may be led to people was manifestly a part of a campaign of extermination. give financial help toward the relief of the surviving widows and July ro. Persecution of Arme- nians assuming unprecedented proorphans.* portions. Reports from widely scat- tered regions indicate systematic at- For obvious reasons the names of tempt to uproot peaceful Armenian populations, and through arbitrary arthe various writers can not be given rests, terrible tortures, wholesale exat this time. These are known to pulsions and deportations from one end of the empire to the other, acthe American Committee, who vouch companied by frequent instances of rape, pillage, and murder, turning for them and their statements. In into massacre, to bring destitution and destruction upon them. This is most cases it is necessary to conceal not in response to fanatical .or popu- lar demand, but is purely arbitrary, the place from which the statements and directed from Constantinople. Untold misery, disease, starvation and were written, and even the name of loss of life will go on unchecked. _ .

the cities and towns referred to, in July 16. "Deportation of and ex- cesses against peaceful Armenians are order that the writer or his inter- increasing, and from harrowing re- ports of eye-witnesses it appears ests may not suffer irreparable that a campaign of race exterminaharm. tion is in progress." Protests and threats are unavailing and probably Documentary Evidence incite the Ottoman government to more drastic measures, as they are VVe quote from a few of the docu- determined to disclaim responsibility for their absolute disregard of capituments which are in the possession of lations, and I believe nothing short of actual force, which obviously the Unithe American Committee: ted States is not in a position to ex- ert, would adequately meet the situa- The reports of persecution, plun- tion.

der, and massacre of Armenians in July 31. "Armenians, mostly wo- men and children, deported from the the interior parts of the country be- Erzroom district, have been massa- cred near Kemakh, between Erzroom gan to come in April, when the scat- and Harpoot." Similar reports from other sources, that probably few of tering of large numbers of innocent these refugees wilI reach their des- tination. . . . * A special American Committee of eminent In many cases the men were (those Americans has investigated the reports, and while of military age were nearly all in the the sources of information must be withheld for the present. the committee vouches for the truth of the statements. This committee includes the Right Rev. David H. Greer, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of N ew York; Oscar S. Straus, former Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and ex· Ambassador to Turkey; Cleveland H. Dodge, of Phelps, Dodge & Co.; the Rev. Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Rabbi of the Free Synagog, New York; Charles R. Crane. of Chicago. Vice·Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Democratic National Committee during the last campaign; Arthur Curtiss James. Director of many railroads and of the Hanover National Bank, the United States Trust Company, and of Phelps, Dodge & Co.; the Rev. Dr. Prank Mason North, of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church; /ohn R. Mott, of the International Committee 0 the Young Men's Christian Association; William W. Rockhill former Ambassador to Turkey and former Ambassador to Russia; William Sloane, Presi· dent of W. & J. Sloane, 575 Fifth Avenue; the Rev. 'Dr. Edward Lincoln Smith, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; the Rev. Dr. Frederick Lynch, of the New York Peace Society; George A. PlImpton, of Ginn & Co., a trustee of Constantinople College; the Rev. Dr. James L. Barton, for many years a missionary in Turkey, and now the Secretary of the American Board of Commissjoners for Foreign Missions; the Rev. Dr. William J. Haven. one of tl)e fou'!.

ders of the Epworth League; Stanley White, Sec· retary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Professor Samuel P. Dutton, an authority on Balkan affairs.

Gifts for the relief of survivors may be sent to Chas. R. Crane, Treasurer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York.

ASSASSINATION OF

army) bound tightly together with places added to this feeling. The ropes or chains. Women with little special Armenian troubles began in children in their arms, or in the last the beginning of May. In the middle days of pregnancy, were driven along of the night about 20 of the leadunder the whip like cattle. Three ing men of the national Armenian different cases came under my knowl- political parties were gathered up edge where the woman was delivered and sent to where they have been on the road, and because her brutal imprisoned ever since. In June the driver hurried her along she died of government began looking for weaphemorrhage. I also know of one case ons. Some of the Armenians were where the gendarme in charge was a seized, and, by torture, the confession humane man, and allowed the poor was extracted that a large number of woman several hours' rest, and then arms were in the hands of different procured a wagon for her to ride in. Armenians. A second inquisition be- Some women became so completely gan. The bastinado was used freworn out and hopeless that they left quently, as well as fire torture (in their infants beside the road. Many some cases eyes are said to have been women and girls have been outraged. put out). Many guns were delivered, At one place the commander of gen- but not all. The people were afraid darmerie openly told the men to that if they gave up their arms, they whom he consigned a large company would be massacred as in 1895. Arms that they were at liberty to do what had been brought in after the declarathey chose with the women and tion of the constitution with the pergirls. . . . mission of the government, and were for self-defense only. The torture The Use of Torture continued, and under its influence one fact after another leaked out. The trouble for the Armenians be- Under the nervous strain and physical gan, as for all other nationalities, suffering many things were said with the collection of soldiers. The which had no foundation in fact. government swept off all men possible Those inflicting the torture would for military service. Hundreds of tell the victim what they expected him the bread-winners marched away, to confess, and then beat him until leaving their wives and children with- he did it. The college mechanic had out means of support. In many cases constructed an iron "shot" for the the last bit of money was given to athletic games, and was beaten terfit out the departing soldier, leaving ribly in an effort to fasten the making the family in a pitifully destitute con- of bombs on the college. Some bombs dition. A number of Armenians were discovered in the Armenian were quite well off and paid their cemetery, which aroused the fury of military exemption fee. A much the Turks to white heat. It should larger number escaped in one way be said that it is very probable that and another, so there were more Ar- these bombs had been buried there in menians than Turks left in the city the clays of Abdul Hamid. . . . after the soldiers had gone. This made the government suspicious and Through the intervention of a fearful. The discovery of Armenian Turk, the college was able to free plots against the government in other

those of its teachers already taken, with people petitioning to become and obtain a stay of proceedings Mohammedans. Many did it for the against all of its teachers and employ- sake of their women and children, ees, by the payment of the sum of 275 feeling that it would be a matter of Turkish liras. Later this same Turk only a few weeks before relief would said that he believed that he could come.

obtain the permanent exemption of This deportation continued at in- the entire college by the payment of tervals for about two weeks. It is a further sum of 300 liras. The estimated that out of about 12,000 money was promised, but after some Armenians in – – – , only a few hun- negotiations, which shewed that no dred were left. Even those who definite assurance of exemption offered to accept Islam were sent would be forthcoming, the matter was away. . .

dropt. Dragged to Exile Panic and Outrage June 28, 19I5.

The panic in the city was terrible. I ,vish to inform you of conditions The people felt that the government here. They are very bad and daily was determined to extermi:1ate the getting worse. I suppose —- told Armenian race, and they were power- you of the horrible things taking less to resist. The people were sure place in – – – . Just such a reign that the men were being killed and of terror has begun in this city also.

the women kidnapped. Many of the Daily the police are searching the convicts in the prison had been re- houses of the Armenians for weap- leased, and the mountains around ons, and not finding any, they are – – – were full of bands of outlaws. taking the best and most honorable It was feared that the women and men and imprisoning them; some of children were taken some distance them they are exiling, and others from the city and left to the mercy they are torturing with red hot irons of these men. However that may be, to make them reveai the supposedly there are provable cases of the kid- concealed weapons. Four weeks ago napping of attractive young girls by they exiled IS men and their families, the Turkish officials of – – – . One sending them to the desert city of Moslem reported that a gendarme had —, three days' journey south of offered to sell him two girls for a here.

mejidieh. The women believed that The Gendarmerie Department seems they were going to worse than death, to have full control of affairs and and many carried poison in their pock- the Mutessarif upholds them. They ets to use if necessary. Some car- are now holding about 100 of the ried picks and shovels to bury those best citizens of the city in prison, and they knew would die by the wayside. to-day the gendarmerie chief called During this reign of terror notice was the Armenian Bishop and told him given that escape was easy; that any that unless the Armenians deliver one who accepted Islam would be their arms and the revolutionists allowed to remain safely at home. among them, that he has orders to The offices of the lawyers who re- exile the entire Armenian population corded applications were crowded of – – – ~.S they did the people of

ASSASSINATION OF

We know how the latter been brutally deported, deprived of were treated, for hundreds of them all their possessions, to the deserts of have been dragged through – – – Mesopotamia. A great number of on their way to the desert whither families have embraced Mohammed- they have been exiled. These poor anism to escape a certain death.

exiles were mostly women, children A Widow'. Story and old men, and they were clubbed and beaten and lashed along as tho A week before anything was done they had been wild animals, and their to – – – , the villages all around had women and girls were daily crimin- been emptied and their inhabitants had ally outraged, both by their guards become victims of the gendarmes and and the ruffians of every village marauding bands. Three days before through which they passed, as the the starting of the Armenians from former allowed the ,latter to enter – – – , after a week's imprisonment, the camp of the exiles at night, and Bishop – – – had been hanged, with even distributed the girls among the seven other notables. After these villagers for the night. These poor hangings, seven or eight other no- victims of their oppressors' lust and tables were killed in their own houses hate might better have died by the for refusing to go out of the tity.

bullet in their mountain home than Seventy or eighty other Armenians, be dragged about the country iu this after being beaten in prison, were way. About 2,000 of them have taken to the woods and killed. The passed through – – – , all more dead Armenian population of – – – was than alive; many hundreds have died sent off in three batches; I was from starvation and abuse along the among the third batch. My husband roadside, and nearly all are dying of died eight years ago, leaving me and starvation, thirst, or being kidnapped my eight-year-old daughter and my by the Anaza Arabs in the desert mother extensive possessions, so that where they have been taken. We we were living in comfort. Since know how they are being treated be- mobilization began, the – – – com- cause our – – – exiles are in the mandant has been living in my house same place, and one young Armenian free of rent. He told me not to go, doctor, who was there making medi- but I felt I must share the fate of cal examinations of soldiers for the my people. I took three horses with government, has returned and told me, loaded with provisions. My us. . . . daughter had some five-lira pieces The Young Turk government pur- around her neck, and I carried some sues unceasingly, and every day with twenty liras and four diamond rings added violence, the war to the finish on my person. All else that we had that it has declared against its Ar- was left behind. Our party left menian SUbjects. The provinces in- June 1st (old style), fifteen gen- habited by Armenians, which were darmes going with us. The party already under the reign of inde- numbered four or five hundred per- scribable terror, have been evacuated sons. We had got only two hours by force. Thus the Armenian com- away from home, when bands of munities, – – – and – – – , have villagers and brigands in large num-

bers, with rifles, guns, axes, etc., she would not be separated from me. surrounded us on the road, and Finally we were both taken into their robbed us of all we had. The gen- wagons on our promising to become darmes took my three horses and Moslems. As soon as we entered the sold them to Turkish mouhadjirs, araba, they began to teach us how to pocketing the money. They took my be Moslems, and changed our names, money and that from my daughter's calling me – – – and her – – – . neck, also all our food. After this they separated the men, one by one, **** and shot them all within six or seven days-every male over IS years of The Plight of the Exiles age. By my side were killed two priests, one of them over 90 years If it were simply a matter of being of age. These bandsmen took all the obliged to leave here to go somegood-lookin~ women and carried where else, it would not be so bad, them off on their horses. Very many but everybody knows it is a case of women and girls were thus carried going to one's death. If there was off to the mountains, among them my any doubt about it, it has been resister, whose one-year-old baby they moved by the arrival of a number threw away; a Turk picked it up and of parties, aggregating several thoucarried it off, I know not where. My sand people, from Erzroom and Ermother walked till she could walk no zinggan. I have visited their enfarther, and dropt by the roadside on campment a number of times and a mountain-top. We found on the talked with some of the people. A road many of those who had been in more pitiable sight can not be imagthe previous sections carried from ined. They are, almost without ex- – – – ; some women were among the ception, ragged, filthy, hungry, and killed, with their husbands and sons. sick. That is not surprizing, in view We also came across some old peo- of the fact that they have been on ple and little infants still alive but the road for nearly two months, with in a pitiful ,condition, having shouted no change of clothing, no chance to their voices away. We were not al- wash, no shelter, and little to eat. lowed to sleep at night in the vil- The government has been giving lages, but lay down outside. Under them some scanty rations here. I cover of the night indescribable deeds watched them one time when their were committed by the gendarmes, food was brought. Wild animals bandsmen, and villagers. Many of could not be worse. They rushed us died from hunger and strokes of upon the guards who carried the food apoplexy. Others were left by the and the guards beat them back with roadside, too feeble to go on. clubs, hitting hard enough to kill them sometimes. To watch them one One morning we saw fifty to sixty could hardly believe that these peawagons with about thirty Turkish pIe were human beings. widows, whose husbands had been killed in the war; and these were go- As one walks through the camp, ing to Constantinople. These women mothers offer their children and beg wanted to take my daughter, too, but one to take them. In fact, the Turks have been taking their choice of these children and girls for slaves, or

5] THE ASSASSINATION OF

worse. In fact, they have even had Lord Bryce's statements are contheir doctors there to examine the firmed by reports which come direct more likely girls and thus secure the from those who have firsthand best ones. knowledge.

There are very few men among Of the Armenian people as a whole them, as most of them have been one third or more are gone, and this killed on the road. All tell the same third includes the leaders in every story of having been attacked and walk of life, merchants, professional robbed by the Kurds. Most of them men, preachers, bishops, and Governwere attacked over and over again, ment officials. There is no certainty and a great number of them, especial- for those who are just now free. It ly the men, were killed. Women and is only temporary measures, such children were also killed. Many died, as bribes or special favors, that' have of course, from sickness and exhaus- secured postponement. tion on the way, and there have been deaths each day that they have been "It seems possible that something here. Several different parties have can be done to save those few who are arrived and, after remaining a day left. Permission has recently been obor two, have been pushed on with no tained through the German Embassy apparent destination. Those who for those connected with the German have reached here are only a small Mission, teachers and their families, portion, however, of those who orphans and servants, a circle of sevstarted. By continuing to drive these eral hundred, to remain. It is time people on in this way it will be pos- that America take whatever steps are sible to dispose of all of them in a possible to secure permission through comparatively short time. the American Ambassador for the remnant of the Armenians to remain A Plea for Intervention in their homes or to escape unharmed to more hospitable territory.

Viscount Bryce, formerly British American Missionary Interests * Ambassador to the United States, has made, through the Associated America has more interest in Tur- Press, a powerful plea that America key than any other country, or posshould try to stop the Armenian sibly than all Europe together. This slaughter. Lord Bryce is not one to interest is not political, but huma.nimisstate or exaggerate facts. Among tarian. In r8r9 the American Board other things, he says: "In Trebizond of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- City, where the Armenians numbered sions began work in the Ottoman over ten thousand, orders came from Empire, and has now for nearly a Constantinople to seize all Arme- century prosecuted that work with nians. Troops hunted them, drove vigor and statesman-like foresight and them to the shore, took them to sea, breadth. The missionaries have threw them overboard, and drowned introduced into the country the printthem all-men, women, and children. ing,press and a periodical literature, This was seen and described by the modern medicine and sanitation, the Italian Consul." • Paragraph quoted from The Outlook.

modern hospital, new industries and night and was severely beaten several commercial enterprises, and western times. About June 20th he was taken education, culminating in the well-or- out toward Diarbekir and murdered ganized colleges and graduate schools. in a general massacre on the road.

Some of these institutions are: the "Professor Nahigian, who had stud- Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, ied at Ann Arbor, was arrested about with its graduate schools; Robert Col- June 5th and shared Professor Tene- lege at Constantinople; and the Con- kejian's fate on the road.

stantinople College for Girls, each one "Professor Vorperian a Princeton of these incorporated in the United man, was taken to see a man beaten States and possessing a plant worth almost to death. He started into exile more than a million dollars. Besides under guard with his family, about these institutions of international re- July 5th, and was murdered beyond pute there are others, like the Inter- Malatia.

national College at Smyrna, Anatolia "Professor Boojicanian, an Edin- College at Marsovan, Teachers' Col- burgh graduate, was arrested with lege at Sivas, Euphrates College at Professor Tenekejian, suffered the Harput, Van College at Van, Aintab same tortures, and in addition had College at Aintab, Central Turkey three finger-nails pulled out by the College for Women at Marash, the roots, and was killed in the same American Collegiate Institute for massacre.

Girls at Smyrna, St. Paul's College "Of the female instructors one is re- at Tarsus, and, in addition, three ported killed in Chunkoosh, one re- times that number of high schools ported taken' to a Turkish harem; and academies with their intermediate three have not been heard from; four and preparatory schools dotting the others started out into exile, and ten country from Smyrna to Persia, and are free.

{rom the Black Sea to Arabia. The Armenians as a people have Among the many institutions to suf- been the most responsive to the ap- fer is the American Mission College peals of modern education. The ma- at Harput. One of the reliable in- jority of the 25,000 students in the formants writes: "Approximately schools north of Syria have been two-thirds of the girl pupils, and six- from this historic and virile race.

sevenths of the boys have been taken Thousands have taken graduate away to death, exile, or Moslem courses in the United States. It can homes. Of our professors four are be said that America discovered the gone and three are left. Armenian race and introduced it to "Professor Tenekejian, who was the Western World. It is, therefore, the Protestant representative of the eminently fitting that at this time of Americans with the Government, was death-struggle America should be the arrested on May I st. No charge was first to lift its voice in protest, and the made against him, but the hair of his 1110st ready to offer its help to save head, mustache and beard was pulled this nation from annihilation.

out in a vain effort to secure damag- There are some four hundred ing confessions. He was starved and Americans now in Turkey connected hung by the arms for a day and a with the various boards and institu-

ASSASSINATION OF

tions. With these are associated fully believe (and among these are the ten times that number of trained na- missionaries in large numbers, as well tives, mostly Armenians, Greeks, and as others) that Enver Pasha is under Syrians, all engaged in conducting a the pay of the Kaiser.

work that aims at bringing to that Who are the Armenians?· country the blessings of a Christian civilization. These Americans are In the strict use of the term, there remaining at their posts, endeavoring is no Armenia at the present day.

in every way in their power to re- The name is not used either politi- lieve and save their people. cally or geographically with refer- Upon the Armenian!> and the ence to a definite territory. When Greeks the blow is falling, but there used, the name refers in general to have been intimations that the Jews' a region centering about Lake Van turn will soon come. There are many in Asiatic Turkey, and extending indications that the Turks as a whole thence north and southwest. Ancient entertain no hostile feelings toward Armenia was a country whose bounds the Armenians and the Greeks, continually changed with the fortunes and would not carry out these drastic of war. The greater part of the remeasures of extermination were they gion now lies within the Turkish not forced to do so. Some have de- Empire, and is also called Kurdisclared that the measures are un-Mo- tan. This region contains only a hammedan, and so contrary to the fraction of the Armenian race. It is teachings of their religion. inhabited by Turks, Armenians, Rus- sians,' Persians, 'Kurds Circassians, In many places the local Turkish ;reeks, Nestorians, Yezidees, Syrauthorities have emphatically pro- ians, and Jews. tested. The Governor of – – – was called to Constantinople to answer to The early history of the Armethe charge of not obeying orders in nians is so mixed with myth and legcarrying out the drastic measures of end that the truth is difficult to find. the central government. Others have During the Assyrian and Median petold the missionaries that the meas- riods there was evidently a great orures were most cruel and unneces- ganized monarchy, with a strong milisary and even disastrous to the coun- tary power, in the Lake Van basin. try, but they were finally forced to At times they were formidable eneobey. Lenient and unwilling gover- mies of the Medes. This country was 10rs were transferred, like the one well known to the Assyrians as early at – – – , in whose place was in- as the ninth century B.C. It was in- habited by four races-the Mairi, the stalled the Governor of –, who U rarda, Minni, and the Hittites.

had already carried out with vigor These races appear to have main- the order of massacre and exter- tained the;r independence until the mination. time of Assur-bani-pal, about 640 So far as can be ascertained, the n.c., when the last king of this se- two Turkish officers, Enver Pasha ries succumbed to the Assyrian yoke.

and Talaat Bey, are the source of these measures. There are many who • Information gathered from the 'Encyclopedia of Missions.

But, at the time of Herodotus, every- It was the constant effort of Persia thing seems to indicate that a strange to subvert Armenian Christianity and people had entered the land, bringing establish Magianism in its stead. To with them a new language, new this end, cruel persecutions were un- names and customs, and a new re- dertaken, and frequent incursions ligion. The source from which they were made. From 632 to 859 A.D.

came is doubtful. Herodotus and Armenia was the scene of almost in- Stephen believe they came from cessant struggle between the Eastern Phrygia, while their language and Empire and the Mohammedans, and religion would indicate Media. One it became by turn subject to each.

thing is certain: the old Turanians It maintained its independence until had ceased to rule, and the Armenian 1375, when the last Armenian king, race had been formed, which is un- Leo VI., was captured by the Egyp- doubtedly a mixture of the ruling tians and banished.

Aryan tribes with the primitive Tu- From this time Armenia lost its ranian populations. (The word "Ar- separate national existence. The menia," used in Isaiah 37 : 38 greater part of the country was an- and 2 Kings I9: 37, is an incorrect nexed to Turkey, while the eastern translation for "the land of Ara- section remained subject to Persia, rat.") Armenian histories describe and the northeast to Russia. Russia the events of some sixteen centuries took another large section of Ar- respecting which contemporary evi- menia in 1878.

dence has not yet been found. Ac- In moral traits the Armenian com- cording to them, the first ruler of Ar- pares favorably with the other races menia was Haik, the son of Togar- of the East. The Armenians are . mah, the son of Gomar, the son of cultivators of the soil, artizans, mer- Japheth, the son of Noah. The Ar- chants, and bankers. They are per- menian histories also narrate that at severing, and shrewd in financial the time of the captivity of Israel a dealings. In Asiatic Turkey the certain number of the Hebrews es- Greeks alone can compare with them caped to the mountains of Armenia in trades, professions, business abil- and intermarriages took place. Later ity, and general intelligence. In .spite the· Armenian king, Kikran (Ti- of the general increase of poverty granes), was the friend and ally of throughout Turkey, the Armenians, Cyrus. His successor was Vahakn, up to the period of massacres of celebrated in song and story for his I895-96, held their own better than great victories, and deified after the other races. The number of Ar- death. menians in the world is estimated at In 67 B.C. Armenia became an ally from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000, two- of Rome, but rebelling, their king, thirds of whom reside in Turkey.

Ardavaz, was captured by Pompey The remainder are in Russia, Persia, and beheaded in Alexandria by Cleo- India, China, Africa, Europe, North patra, 30 B.C., and the country became and South America, and other coun- tributary to Rome. The country was tries. Up to the present time the na- in turmoil for two and a half cen- tion has preserved its individuality to turies thereafter. a remarkable degree, resembling in

ASSASSINATION OF

this respect, as in others, the Jews. of the Armenian beliefs are the fol- With their dispersal throughout the lowing: world, however, the Armenians intermarry with other races, and a dis- I. They believe the Spirit protinct tendency to race disintegration ceeds from the Father only. has appeared. 2. They accept seven sacraments, The Armeni'an Church and Beliefs altho in practise, baptism, confirma- tion, and unction are intermingled. Armenian writers claim that the Armenian Church goes back to the 3. They baptize infants eight days time of Christ. One Abgar or Ab- old or less by threefold immersion, garus, King of Edessa, is said by immediately offering them the com- Moses of Khorene, the Armenian munion. historian, to have been converted by hearing of the wonderful works of 4. They accept transubstantia- Jesus, and to have been baptized by tion, and worship the consecrated ele- Thaddeus, one of the seventy disci- ments as God. ples first sent out as missionaries. This Abgar is held by the Arme- S. They use unleavened bread, nians to have been their king, altho which is dipt in the wine and given Tacitus caJJs him King of the Arabs. to the people, who receive it into the It was not, however, until the mouth from the hand of the priest. fourth century that the Armenian nation as a whole accepted Christianity. 6. They pray for the dead, but At the beginning of that century Gre- deny Purgatory. gory the Illuminator preached at the Court of Armenia with such effect 7. They practise auricular conthat from that day to this Chris- fession to the priest, who imposes tianity has been the national religion penance and grants absolution, but of the Armenians. For this reason gives no indulgences. the Armenian Church is often called "The Gregorian Church." The Ar- 8. They pray to the Virgin and menians themselves, however, call it to the saints, and have great faith "The Church of the Illuminator (Lu- in their mediation. With the Greeks, savorchagan) ." they reject images and accept pic- tures. Persecution, as usual, only served to endear the Church to the people, 9. They believe in the perpetual and from that time it has been iden- virginity of Mary, "the Mother of tified with their nationality. Under God." Turkish rule each religious body is also a political organism. The Arme- 10. They regard baptism and renian Chur,ch is little more than that generation as the same thing, and at present. It is, therefore, insep- have no practical conception of a new arably identified with the race, and is birth. All are saved who partake of pervaded by much of the corruption the sacraments, do proper penance, of Oriental Christianity. observe the fasts of the Church, and perform good works. Among the leading characteristics I!. Original sin is believed to be removed by baptism, actual sin by confession and penance.

Services are held in the churches every morning at sunrise and each evening at sunset throughout the year.. The altar is invariably toward the

east. The sacrament of the Lord's sive with the Armenian race, so that Supper is observed twice a week, but one who withdraws from the Church the people partake usually only twice rej ects his nationality. (2) The a year. Mass is observed as one of Church is already nominally Christhe formal rites of the Church. Con- tian, but Christian life has little relafession to the priest is a necessary tion to the Christian profession. (3) preparation for participation. The poverty and oppression suffered by Armenians, and Oriental penuri- Originally the Church was under ousness. (4) The turning of young one spiritual head, the Catholicos, men to the Western world, as a refwho was the general bishop. He re- uge from oppression and massacre, sided at first at Sivas, but later con- and the consequent emigration of tentions arose, and with them divi- large numbers of the best youth. sions, until now there are three who hold his office. The Catholicos alone There have, however, been special can ordain bishops and consecrate the encouragements to the work among sacred oil which is used in the vari- Armenians. These include: (I) The ous ceremonies of the Church. religious nature of the race, and the fact that they accept the Bible as the Besides the Catholicos, there are in Word of God. (2) The general de- Turkey two patriarchs, one of whom sire for education. (3) The peculiar resides at Constantinople and one at relation of the Armenians to the Jerusalem. These offices were estab- 14,000,000 of other races among lished by Mohammedan authority for whom they dwell, and who must be political purposes alone. The patriarch reached largely through the evanmust have a bishop's office eccle- gelized Armenian Church. (4) Since siastically, but to this is added con- mission work began among the Arsiderable influence with the govern- menians, there has been a gradual rement and over all Gregorian Arme- jection of their superstitions and of nians in civil matters. The Patriarch their reliance upon rites, and a of Constantinople is, by virtue of his marked awakening in the line of office, the recognized civil head of the education. (5) Of late years, owing Armenian Church in Turkey. The to the urgent demands of the people priests are married, and must have a for the Gospel preaching, the bishops wife at the time of ordination, but and sometimes the priests and teachcan never remarry. The priest can ers, preach, and their sermons are not become a bishop unless· his wife often evangelical in tone and full of dies. wholesome advice. Some twenty thousand Armenians in Turkey are Evangelical Missions in Armenia members of Evangelical Christian churches and many others have be- There have been many obstacles to come enlightened through the work evangelical missionary work among of Protestant missionaries. Armenians. Among these are: ( I ) The idea that the church is co-cxten-

Christ's Conditions of

BY THE REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D. Pastor of the Fifth Avenue P,-esbyte,-jan CllUrcD, New York NE hundred years ago the shall we begin the Christianizing of our thoughts? I JO American and British people signed the famons Our God treaty which ushered in the century of peace. First, we must Christianize our con- Difficulties have been ception of God. "He that hath seen Me met in good sense and self-restraint, and hath seen the Father." Our conception as Mr. Bryce has said, "Whenever there of God must begin and end in Christ our were mad manners in London there was good temper at Washington, and when Lord. Our conception must not be n. there was a storm on the Potomac, there was calm on the Thames." c. or A. D., but C. What shall we think Now at the end of the hundred years about God? Just what Jesus Christ ,ethere is a spectacle unprecedented in the veals. Lately we have been using the word history of the world, four thousand miles "God" without its Christian content. We of frontier line, invisible, undefended, have been going back to the Old Testawithout fortresses, without cannon, with- ment for our conception of God, and out military patrols; but marked hy even back to the early records of the Old happy homesteads and prosperous farms, Testament, back to the twilight of reveand stretching through almost endless lation, back to the God revealed in the leagues of waving grain. That U11- world's childhood, back to the e)emenguarded line is the most significant line tary standards, back to the time of the on the surface of the earth to-day, and first syllable, before the fuller Word had its profound significance lies in the won- yet been spoken. derful fact that it can not be seen. We have been opprest by the way What about the next hundred years? in which the name of God has been How is the shy, delicate genius of peace, used in the course of the present war. which is so easily offended and driven But what has been the value of the into exile, to be strongly and intimately name? By no chance have I seen him settled among us, and not only among called "the Father" in the invocations of the English-speaking peoples, but among kings or Kaiser. By no chance have I all the peoples of the globe? seen him addrest as Christ. No, it is the name of "God" robbed and emptied What is the guiding Word of God? of its Christ significance. It is the early "He that hath seen Me hath seen the Old Testament God, the God of battles, Father." We are tragically forgetting the Lord of Hosts. It is God, minLIS this word, and erasing it from our Christ! theories, and ignoring it in our practise. The significance is this: Christ is the The Old Testament is the wonderful ultimate expression of eternal realities. record of the slow education of a par- In Christ we see things as they really ticular people. The revelation begins in are. All our thinking must begin with the dawn, in the mist and dull haze d what He has revealed. If we would passing night, and the day brightens and secure lasting peace our thought-molds broadens until the full sun rises in Jesus must be Christianized. Where, then, Christ our Lord. Here is one of the things of the early twilight: "Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for

wound, stripe for stripe." That is where "Ye are all the children of God by * we are to-day; but that is not one of the faith in Jesus Christ.* * There is things revealed to us in Christ. Listen neither Jew nor Greek."

to our Lord: "But I say unto you, love "There is no difference between the your enemies." We have gone back co Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord the twilight for standards for the noon. over all is rich unto all that call upon This is one of the most deadly prac- him."

tical heresies of our time. We have un- "Where there is neither Greek nor christianized the name of God, and the Jew, Barbarian nor Scythian."

first and paramount necessity, if we arc How vast is the contrast between this ever to establish a lasting peace, is to conception and the one which I have restore that name to its Christian value. just named! But does the Christ-con- When we use the word "God" it must be ception wipe out the element of nation· Jesus whom we see. "He that hath seen ality and disregard it? By no means. It Me hath seen the Father." We shall disregards nationality as an ultimate, it never have peace until the God we wor- honors nationality as a mediate; it mag- ship, and to whom we offer our prayer, nifies nationality as a means; it rejects is the Lord and Father of us all, re- nationality as an end. Christianity con- vealed to us in the word and life and ceives national differences as the in- death of our Lord and Savior Jesus tended ministers of a richer union.

Christ. Nationality is not an orchestra, it is'only Our Nationality an instrument. Nationality is not a com- Another conception which needs to he plete picture, it is only a tint in the Christianized if an abiding peace is to making of a picture. In Christian teachmake her home among the children of ing endowments are specialized for the sake of a larger and general service. men is our conception of nationality. The nation is the servant of the race. Here again we can choose to live in the dim, hazy twilight, or in the fuller noon. Christianity, therefore, seeks to create We can choose to live in the early Old and nourish "the international mind." It Testament with Moses and Joshua, or is the mind which escapes from its own in the New Testament with Jesus Christ. national emphasis and moves sympa- We can do our thinking about nation- thetically over the universal field. That ality among the primitive standards, or is not a conception which disparages the we can go into the high school of Christ. unique endowments of a nation. Chris- tianity says: Cultivate your national Now where shall we get our thought gifts to the last degree of strength and molds of race and nationality? Shall refinement. Practise the mastery of we get them from Samson or from your own instrument to the last degree Christ? It is my deep conviction that of power, but always hold in view as the much of our evil practises have arisen aim of the mastery the enrichment of the from our unchristian thinking about racial orchestra of which you form a these things. We have wiped out the vital part. It is this Christianized con- Christian revelations and standards. We ception of nationality which is imperhave ignored Christ, and we pursue our atively needed in the world to-day if we thinking as tho He had never been. The are to enjoy the purposed relations of consequence is, our conception of nation. universal peace. ality is too often tribal and exclusive.

That is Old Testament thinking. It is Our Politics not the Christianized thought of the Another conception which needs to be New. Christianized, if human affairs are to lie Turn to the Christian revelation. in the bosom of peace, is our conception

of politics. Politics has become a de- ception of life. This is too often matebased word. It originally meant the rial and barbaric. It moves on the plane science and art of government. It meant where envy and jealousy breed, where the regulation of man in all his relations misunderstandings multiply, where strife as the member of a nation and a state. is engendered, and where fiery war springs to sudden birth. rt was a science and an art with large What, then, is life? Is it a collection ideals, and with correspondingly noble of things, or is it a set of relations? Is endeavor and achievement. To-day, pol- it a realm of having or a realm of being? itics too often means self-seeking, wire- If life is constituted of things, then in pulling, secret maneuvring, the pursuit the scramble for things we shall have of personal advantage, sectional cam- envy, and strife, and war, as long as the paigns, the magnifying of party interests world endures. But if life is determined above the welfare of the Nation and the by noble relations then the pursuit of State. It is too often a low scramble and true life will make war impossible. "To not a lofty crusade. And, therefore, be carnally minded is death, but to be there is urgent and immediate need that spiritually minded is life and peace." we Christianize our conception of politics. We must get back to Christ. What is this Christian conception of life? Here it is. "This is life, to know What is the aim and end of govern- Thee, and Jesus Christ whom Thou hast ment in the life and teachings of Christ? sent." Real life is to be intimate with It is this: "Thy kingdom come." And God, to be the friend of God, to find what is the kingdom? It is the kingdom delight in the pleasures of God. That is of "righteousness, and peace, and joy." life. From that august spiritual relation Therefore, the Christianized conception come all manner of spiritual fruits; love, of politics is such an intelligent direction purity, fidelity, sympathy, sacrifice. To of human government as will make all live unto God is to live God unto men. that is crooked straight, and appoint such relations in righteousness as will This is the word of the Christ. And provide a nest for the holy dove of peace, this must be the Church's contribution to and for all the singing birds of sacred the establishment of peace among men. joy. Christianized politics are human She must call men, by all the constraints regulations in the sphere of government of love and fear, out of the sultry for answering the prayer of our Lord, swamps of materialism, where fever "Thy kingdom come." breeds, and strife brews, up to the heights of the spirit, the hill of the Lord, When the politics of all nations be- the heavenly places in Christ Jesus. come the strenuous wrestlings of noble men and women, intent upon noble Chris- Once get that ideal enthroned in the tian ends, the fair spirit of holy peace minds of men and war shall be no more. will come and settle in the earth as a Life will have an altitude where war joyful and abiding guest. germs can not thrive. When life rings with the song of "Glory to God in the Our Life highest," there will be peace among men Again, if permanent peace is to be in whom He is well pleased.

secured we must Christianize our con- "If a wren can cling to a spray a-swing, In a mad May wind and sing and sing, As if she'd burst for joy, Vhy can not I contented lie, In His quiet arms, beneath His' sky, Unmoved by earth's annoy?"

"Tiger Year" In ]apan*

BY MISS GRACE NOTT ~~~,..a,;~IROBABLY no nation, say that this may largely be traced to either in the eastern or the Christian influence and Christian western hemisphere, is ideals which are quietly but surely per- without its own peculiar meating the. country. Then, again, the superstitions, Japan is non-Christian community had a won- no ex~eption to this rule. derful object-lesson in the self-sacrifice and the eager desire to help shown by 1914 was, according to Japanese reckon- the little band of Christians, who truly ing, the "Tiger Year," and as such was out of their poverty made others rich. greatly dreaded by a large proportion of the Japanese people, who felt that it 2. Death. of Prominent Persona must inevitably bring in its wake calami- Japan's losses by death in 1914 were ties of all sorts and kinds, and who were also very great. Among those who consequently only too thankful when it passed away are many whose lives had run its course and they were fairly seemed essential to the welfare of the launchoo on the "Rabbit Year," which nation. First among these stands the might spell monotony, but which would Empress Dowager. A quiet, retiring, assuredly mean less stress and strain. essentially womanly woman, she was still an ardent and wise reformer, and 1. Public Calamities in her the nation lost a representative of the best type of Japanese woman- The year 1914, so the superstitious hood, one who was loved by Old and say, lived up to its reputation! Early New Tapan alike. Out of the long list in January the Hokkaido was visited by a terribly severe famine, as a result of of other nam~s I will only mention which large numbers were starved to death, whole families subsisted on leaves three: Prince Arisugawa, the founder and roots, and parents were forced to of the Japanese Navy, who died in July; sell their daughters into virtual slavery Prince Katsura, one of the greatest in order to keep soul and body together. statesmen of modern times, and to whom we owe the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Hot on the heels of this disaster came who died in October; and Count Aoki, another, for on the 12th of the same one of the few prominent Christian month the southern island of Japan, Japanese statesmen. Kiu-Shiu, was visited by an earthquake so severe that the whole of Sakurajima 3. Outbreak of War (an island in Kagoshima Bay) was des- In August came the outbreak of the troyed, and 20,000 people were left war. What Japan's navy did at Tsingtau homeless and without means of susten- is well known, and a recent letter to the ance. Times from one of our Admirals who was on the spot emphasizes once more A wful as these visitations were, they the valor as well as the humanity of had their bright side. For one thing, her officers and men. Her splendidly the Government came to the aid of the organized Red Cross Society is helping sufferers with a promptitude and in the countries of the Allies. A conhumanity hitherto unknown; and surely tingent of some twenty nurses is in we are not assuming too much when we * From the Church Missionary Review, July. 1915. England; about the same number are in he is in his seventy-seventh year, and, Russia nursing their former enemies; according to custom in the Sunrise Land, while others may be found in France. anyone who has reached the age of What effects the war will have 011 sixty is "Go Inkyo" (honorably retired) Christian Missions in Japan it is difficult and has no further say in either public to say. It was at first greatly feared or private affairs; but Count Okuma is a by some that the sight of Christian glorious exception. He is a liberal and nations at war would inevitably hinder all on the side of reform, an ardent the preaching, or at any rate the accept· patriot, and loved by Old and New ance, of the Gospel of Christ, but so Japan alike. It is reported that lately, far we can thankfully record it is not when speaking of his age, he said that so. Japan's sympathy is entirely with a man was only as old as his heart, and Great Britain. Letters from the front that he felt sure he would be spared to say that Young Japan is more eager work for Japan till he was 120 if his than formerly for the teaching of Christ. beloved country needed him. He has One of the British missionaries writes already suffered somewhat on his under date of December, 1914: country's behalf, an attempt having been "I have found no difficulties, but, on made on his life, which, tho happily the contrary, daily new openings on ac- frnstrated, resulted in the loss of one count of the war. The conduct of leg. He is not an avowed Christian, British troops and the line taken by the but his influence is all on the side of Government henceforth will be of tre- <::hristianity, as he has shown time and mendous importance. The East is again during his long public life.

watching keenly, and any moral failure Markedly was this the case some years on our part will do infinite harm." ago when addressing a mass meeting of 4. Relations with Americ"a students in Tokyo. He was not speak- ing to a Christian audience, or from a The Californian land question is one Christian standpoint, and yet he reiterof the most burning, and alas! it still ated his belief that if Japan were to 'seems as far from settlement as ever. keep her place in the forefront of the It is not so much that the Japanese wish nations, it was Christianity alone which to buy land and settle in California, but would enable her to do so. their plea is that they have a right to the same treatment as Italian and other To his influence may be traced the immigrants, and the solution seems to greater leniency of the Educational Delie, to quote Count Okuma, not so much partment toward Christian Missions, in diplomacy, law, and statesmanship, as and perhaps also the continuance of the in the power of the Christian conscience present Emperor's favorable attitude to· in America and in the teaching of human ward Christianity, as evinced by the gift brotherhood. of $50,000 to St. Luke's Hospital, and possibly also in a minor degree by his 5. Home Politics use of one of our mission schools in The baneful influence of the "Tiger Osaka as a rest-house during the mili· year," so say the superstitious, is trace- tary maneuvers.

able also in the stormy atmosphere of At this time, when Red Cross and home politics. Conditions have been hospital nurses are so much in our terribly strained, but the situation was minds, it may be interesting to note that saved, at any rate for the time, by the the Emperor was greatly imprest with return to office of the veteran states- the beauty and power of Christianity by man, Count Okuma. From a Japanese the faithful witness of a Christian nurse standpoint he is indeed a veteran, for who, at his own request, nursed him

through a severe illness when he was to revivify herself some years ago, and, Crown Prince. finding that Christian methods had so much success, started a campaign on 6. Social Questions the sa.me lines, even going so far as to print "Bibles" in which the only differ- If we turn to social questions in Japan ence from our own was that Buddha's we find that the national conscience is name was substitnted for our Lord's! at last awakening to the terrible indus- Such efforts were naturally doomed to trial and social conditions, and that the failure. Now the nation is faced by Government now, for the first time, is the Hongwanji Buddhist scandals. The working side by side with the Christian priests are accused of living in luxury churches for their amelioration. Plans and extravagance on the offerings of the are being made and carried on for the faithful. The misappropriated money is relief of sufferers from insanity, con- put at the enormous figure of two milsumption, and leprosy, as well as for lion yen, and the whole matter is being the improvement of the condition of investigated by the Government. factory workers. Of the heart-rending condition of the 200,000 lepers in Japan, Sad as all this is, we can surely see who are truly without hope, either for that here also "God is working His purthis world or the world to come, I can pose out." These scandals have helped only say that the Government is at last to plunge the nation into a mood of in some degree recognizing its respon- introspection and self-questioning, and sibility toward these sufferers, and is there is a general holding out of the holding out a hand of fellowship toward people's hands to God. As one result, the four well-known Christian leper several well-known men and women hospitals, two Protestant and two Roman have become Christians; others are Catholic, which have for so long been studying the New Testament and buycarrying on their Christian work, and is ing Bibles in an unprecedented way. In also making plans of its own for the one of the Government colleges alone relief of those suffering from this ter- the students bought one thousand copie!! rible scourge. of the Scriptures, and in another six hundred; while in the normal colleges a Of the condition of the 471,877 wo- Christian professor has been asked to men and children employed in factories give thirty lectures on Christianity. The it has been weI! said that "there is but searching of the nation after God has one life in Japan worse than that of the been emphasized again most strongly by factory slave." Twelve per cent. of the the holding of the second Conference of workers are under fourteen, and most Religions, called together by the eduare working fifteen hours a day, under cational authorities, who invited Shinconditions which are utterly demoral- toists, Buddhists, and Christians to take Izmg. Some of our missionaries have part.. If measured by actual results in long been working among them as far as the shape of formal actions its value is, the conditions would permit, while the perhaps, small, but in so far as it places elder girls from Miss Tristram's school Christianity among the recognized rein Osaka have also had the joy of tell- ligions of Japan its worth is enormous, ing them the Gospel story-which in and we may indeed take courage and go some cases has been eagerly accepted. forward. The Christians proved their moral power in this conference by the 7. Religious Conditions very practical questions which they On turning to the spiritual condition forced the authorities to consider, and of the country, we find that the old re- the general result has been to prove to ligious foundations have long been tottering. Buddhism made a great effort

1 5] THE "TIGER YEAR" IN JAPAN

the Japanese in authority that Chris- 10. The Japanese Language School tianity is a very practical religion and is far more fitted to meet the moral The Japanese Language School is an needs of the nation than any other. accomplished fact, and has received the recognition of the Educational Depart- S. Evangelistic Campaign ment; by this means experienced J apan- ese teachers are now available for all That the Christians themselves are desirous of learning the language. What alive to their responsibilities and to the this will mean to missionaries can great field which lies before them is again best be realized by those who have evinced by the three years' Evangelistic had to learn Japanese as best they Campaign of which the moving spirit is could from teachers who knew no word Dr. Mott, and which has now entered of English. on its second year. It is the direct outcome of the Japan Continuation Com- Even a brief survey of the chief mittee. Foreigners and Japanese of all events of the past year must make us sections of the Christian Church are realize afresh the tremendous opporworking side by side, and it is note- tunities that lie before us in the Sunrise worthy that the leadership of the Cam- Land. Probably there has never been paign is in the hands of the Japanese, a greater conviction on the part of the and that half the needed money is being nation at large as to their need and as raised by them. to the inadequacy of their moral stand- ards, or such constant public utterances Letters from' friends at the front tell by those in authority as to the value of of many encouraging results and of a Christianity for meeting that need. widespread spirit of inquiry, but they emphasize the lack of workers who are To quote from the address of the sadly needed to prepare the soil before- chairman of the Conference of Federhand and to gather in the harvest. The ated Missions held in 1914: Japanese themselves also are still prone perhaps to fall into their old temptation "There is no nation in the East better of speaking above the heads of their prepared for a religious awakening than audience, and using the occasion rather Japan, or one that realizes so well the as an opportunity for showing their value of the Christian character. Japan's powers of oratory than of preaching the recent humiliation over the naval scansimple Gospel. Still, the gigantic effort dals and other national lapses and weakis being owned of God and used to win nesses have served to turn the mind of many souls to Christ, while those who the people toward God." are taking part in it need much prayer and encouragement. The opportunity is tremendous, and our missionaries far too few for the work. 9. Christian Education Spirit-filled men and women are needed as never before to teach, yes, ,but above Christian education in Japan is still a all-in the language of that oft-quoted burning question, and the establishment address of Count Okuma's–Itto live of united Christian Universities for both Christ" before the eyes of the nation; men and women is under discussion. to prove to them that the divine life The Church Missionary Society has al- can be lived by men in purity, sywready decided to cooperate in the Cen- pathy, self-sacrifice, and love; to prov~ tral Theological School in Tokyo which that those who live this life have someincludes representatives of the Society thing which it is worth the while of the for the Propagation of the Gospel, the Japanese to seek, something which will Missionary Society of the Canadian crown all their best ideals and be the Church, and the American Episcopal only answer to all their struggles and Mission. unrest.

Missions In Haiti *

BY THE RT. REV. CHARLES B. COLMORE, D.D. Bishop in Charge of the Work of the Protestant Episcopal Church [In view of the fact that the United States Government has temporarily established a ten-year protectorate over Haiti, "Vest Indies, the following account of work in the island is of special interest.-EDITOR.] 1A-~""""""'''''liil1!J AITI is a black republic, worship allowed by those in authority. and as such presents pe- In the cities, as in most Latin-American culiar difficulties. Whites countries, there is more indifference to there are living in Haiti, religious matters than in the country. but that there are ex- The Church in Port-au-Prince has had tremely few will be read- other difficulties to contend with as well. Three times the city has been burned, ily understood from the fact that the laws and each time our church building has forbid any foreigner to hold property in been destroyed. A temporary structure of wood has been erected in such a way the land. . that when the permanent church is erected they can build over this one and In 1861 the Rev. J. T. Holly went to so not be deprived of a place of wor- ship. There is a great opportunity to Haiti to investigate the conditions there, establish a model missionary work in and he was so enthusiastic about the Port-au-Prince with the threefold accountry that he took his family and tivities of evangelical, educational, and practically the whole of a well-estab- medical work. Two schools have been lished school from New Haven, Conn., begun in the city, which, with proper to cast in their fortunes with those of equipment and supervision, can be helpthe repUblic. This was the beginning of ful. The Protestants say that they have the Protestant episcopal work, which to send their children to the Roman has been fostered by the American Catholic schools as these are the only Church. In 1874, the Rev. Mr. Holly ones which are sufficiently equipped and was chosen Bishop and received his con- organized. secration at the hands of the American Bishops. The Church was now organ- The material at hand may be undeized as an independent body in com- veloped and ignorant, but they are humunion with the Church in the United man beings with souls which are pre- States and was called "The Orthodox cious in the sight of our Heavenly Father. The vision may not be the Apostolic Church in Haiti."t brightest, but it is such as to inspire The country is nominally Roman one to effort for God. After all, it is mission work we are endeavoring to do, Catholic, but altho practically every child and that is to help others to a plane of is baptized, there is still much adherence life higher and nobler and more God-like to the African cults. The people, gener- than that which they know at the presally speaking, are kindly disposed to ent. Is there not a great opportunity other forms of religion, and there has to do God's work right here at our own always been a remarkable liberty of doors, among these less fortunate breth- ren of the Republic of Haiti? t In 1911 Bishop Holly died, and later the Can· vocation of the Orthodox Apostoltc Church voted to request the ChlfTCh ip.. the Un~te~ States. to ,re- ceive the Church In Haltt as a m1sstonary dlstrlct, and at their request Bishop Knight was placed. in charge until such time as the General Convenhon should determine the matter. In 1913 General Convention accepted the cession of territ,ory and placed it under the jurisdiction of the Blshop of Porto Rico.

* From The Living Ch«rch. ~ DEDADTMENT ~ , , OF . '" t;). / ' ……………. ".~…/ / BEST METHODS J CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY SUGGESTIONS FOR CHRISTMAS ~C ~, HRISTMAS is coming. presents to one another on His birthday Already the shops are than we give in a whole year to win for gorgeous in holiday dress Him as a crown the world He died to save."-WrLLIS R. HOTCHKISS. … and rich in displays that ~ tempt the eye and fire We have made more of Christmas " the imagination. There than we have of Christ.

is the penny mechanical toy for the child We have made Christmas gifts to many people, but few direct to Him.- of the tenement and the costly electrical MRS. MAUD JUNKIN BALDWIN. affair for the child of the avenue. There Christianizing Christmas are make-believe automobiles that cost a "The tendency of late years to make few cents, and really truly ones that cost Christmas a mere holiday, a festival of lavish exchange of presents and of thousands of dollars. There is cheap, material ostentation, has so wrought upon interested church-members that there tawdry jewelry for rough, toil-worn has been a widespread reaction which assumes larger proportions each year," hands and wonderful gems for dainty, wrote William T. Ellis (The Religious Rambler), in his weekly contribution to toil-free fingers. In a few days the streets a syndicate of daily papers shortly be- fore Christmas last year. will be crowded with shoppers spending "The restoration of Christmas as priincredible sums. marily a day of religious significance is being wrought more definitely by the "Through it all I see the pinched faces Sunday-school than by any other agency. Their vast potency enables them to touch of the poor; I hear the sob of the suffer- practically an entire generation at once. So they are introducing the idea of a ing. Over against the gorgeous trap- 'giving Christmas' among the children. The Sunday-school celebrations, with pings of the day is the pathetic spectacle their 'treats' for the children, have been so common that even the joke-makers of a world, two-thirds of which is still know about them.

unreached by the message of a Savior. "All this is being boldly assailed in the ranks of the Sunday-school itself. In Up through the sounds of festivity in an increasing number of schools the chil- honor of the advent of His Son there comes to the ear of God the discordant noises of a world out of harmony with Him.

"A thousand millions have never heard the name of Christ, and yet the placid surface of our indifference is hardly ruffled by the fact. We write sweet nothings and talk sweet platitudes about the Babe of Bethlehem, shutting our eyes to the sight of myriads of children in heathen lands who have never had a chance to hear the story that has glad- dened our lives and gladdens the lives of our children. And we spend more on

dren are being trained to bring gifts to the holidays we have all been longing the Christmas celebration instead of for." taking them away. Mr. Riis proved a true prophet. The To associate Christmas with the un- idea met with such immediate response selfish idea of sacrifice and of service to that now many communities have their others is the goal which has been set. Christmas-trees with people of every In this connection it has become the nationality and every walk of life gatherusage in many denominations to make ing '!round them to sing the much-loved a Christmas offering for home and for- hymns of the Nativity. eign missions. The day is primarily the incarnation of the missionary idea, and But not every community is making the growth of gifts at this season for full use of the opportunity the tree afcarrying the Gospel into lands afar has fords to bind together the various nationbeen very marked in recent years." alities included in its population. Every- where it serves to rally the people to a As we are succeeding in a nation-wide new recognition of the fact that Christ- effort to crowd out the insane celebra- mas is the birthday of the Christ, but tion of the Fourth of July, let the missionary workers especially should see churches and Sunday-schools take cour- to it that it also preaches a winsome ser- age and begin at once a united move- mon on inter-racial brotherhood and fur- ment in every town to have an unselfish nishes a place where Italians and Poles, and joyous Christian celebration of the Swedes and Lithuanians may mingle "holidays" which many have forgotten with one another and with Americans, means "holy days !"-WILBUR F. CRAFTS, and, for the time at least, forget race- D.D. prejudice in the common homage they offer to the Christ. THE COMMUNITY CHRISTMAS TREE Some of the smaller communities, no- No nation ever had a more wonderful tably in Massachusetts, have taken the opportunity than America at the present lead in this. At Fitchburg each nationtime. The whole world has come to us ality was invited to sing national airs and we can, if we will, preach the Gos- and Christmas hymns around the tree, pel to the whole world from our own each in its own language. And at Southdoorstep. Christmas affords many op- wick an important feature of the proportunities for doing this if only we will gram was as follows: make use of them. Christmas Exercises in Many Tongues: The Community Christmas-tree is one 1. In English by School-children. of these. From the day, three years ago, 2. In Polish by Polish-Americans. when a wonderful 60-foot tree in Madi- 3. In Swedish by Swedish-Americans. son Square, with blazing star, gave all 4. In Italian by Italian-Americans. New York a sense of brotherhood, a new note has been sounded in the country at On the front cover of Southwick's at- Christmas time. tractive program this bit of rime was printed which served as the motto of the "Doubtless this tree in Madison Square day: was the first of a great many such THE FIRST TOWN TREE Christmas-trees in America," wrote Ja- "Tho differing in ways and speech, cob Riis, from whom it is said the seed- 'vVe gather round our Christmas tree, thought originally came. "Indeed, it was Our Christmas thought this day shal1 born a twin-its sister grew the same be, night on Boston Common. But it was more than the first tree. It was a mile- Each one for all and all for each." stone marking the new appreciation of

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On the back cover a Christmas mes- United States, because she had been in- sage was printed in the varied speech of vited to spend her Christmas vacation the town-English, Swedish, Italian, and in a fellow student's home. Polish.* "For the sake of the great plastic YOUR CHRISTMAS GUESTS nations they represent, the future of which they will so deeply influence, I be- Inviting a foreign student to spend speak for the Oriental students in this the Christmas holidays in a Christian country the friendship of Christian home, or even to spend an evening or people who will put them in touch with partake of a single meal, is a beautiful the people and influences most helpful service to a lonely soul which may, with to them."

the blessing of God, result in great Last Christmas Mrs. Henry W. Pea- things for foreign missions. body invited six of the young Chinese "Especially would I bespeak for the girls, who had recently come to New Oriental students in this country the hos- York as students under the Indemnity pitality of Christian homes," said Miss Fund, to spend Christmas with her in Margaret Burton, Foreign Secretary of her beautiful country home in Beverly, the Young Women's Christian Associa- Mass. There was a trip to Boston on tion, in an address at the Student Volun- Christmas Eve with dinner in town, the teer Movement at Kansas City last year. great Christmas tree on Boston Com- "One of the first Orientals that studied mon, the carols on Beacon Hill, and the in the United States said, many years stores with their Christmas goods and after his return to his native land, in gay decorations. Returning home, stock- looking back on his years here, that the ings were hung by the fireplace and early greatest blessing of his life in America Christmas morning, before it was light, was the opportunity it gave him to know Mrs. Peabody was awakened by a chorus the home life of our people. of joyous Chinese voices which sang "It would be ideal if all Oriental stu- just outside her door, first, "Holy Night"

dents could live in American homes while in their native Chinese, then, "0, Come here; but where this is not possible it All Ye Faithful," in English..

means much to them to be welcomed into Other beautiful homes in and around American households at vacation times, Boston had also been opened to this first for week-ends, or even for single meals. company of women Indemnity Students, Few experiences are so highly appre- so that each of the young women was ciated by them. One young girl who able to spend her first American Christ- has been in the United States almost two mas in a real Christian home. There years told me that so far she had had were many festivities during the week, almost no opportunity to know what our the crowning of which was a reception homes are like, and that she was most on New Year's Day at Mrs. Peabody's eager to know American family life. home to which all the officers of the Judging from a letter I received from ,,vomen's Foreign Missionary Boards in her just before the Christmas holidays, Boston and vicinity were invited.

that time would probably be the hap- To the girls it was not only a time of piest she has known since coming to the great enjoyment but of very great privi- lege. "The best time I ever had," said * Excellent articles on "The Community Christ· one of the most homesick ones to Miss mas Tree," with many suggestions, will be found Burton. "But the things we loved bes(" in The Survey, December 5, 1914, pages 258-260: wrote another after recounting all the The Craftsman, February, 1913, pages 497-500: and good times, "were the morning prayers Overland. December. 1914. pages 561-2. As these and the quiet talks with Mrs. Peabody." magazines are on file in most public libraries they can easily be consulted. See also HThe Christmas Spirit," by Irene Mason, Missionary Education Movement, price 10 cents.

The hostesses, too, had their reward. of them of such general interest as to Most of the young women are products be acceptable to persons who have little of Christian Mission Schools in or near or no interest in missions. The follow- Shanghai and Canton, and by their quiet, ing belong to this class: modest demeanor and sweet Christian characters, made a most favorable im- "Love Story of a Maiden of Cathay." pression. "It may be a pleasure to the (Revell.) . 50 cents. Chinese girls to be in our homes," said a charming hostess to Miss Burton, "but "Love Stories of Great Missionaries." I can assure you that it means more to (Revell.) 50 cents. us to have them than it can mean to them to come." "The Little Green God." (Revell.) 7S cents. The Oriental students are by no means the only foreign students in colleges and Grenfell's books, "Harvest of the Sea" preparatory schools. There are thou- (Revell, $1.00) and "Off the Rocks" (Sunsands of them from Mexico, South day-School Times Company, $1.00). America, and indeed almost every missionary land. What a joy it would be Steiner's "The Broken Wall." (Revell.) and how much it might mean to the $1.00. Kingdom of God if each of them should this year share in the festivities in honor For the dog-lover, be he man or boy, of the Christ Child in a Christian Amer- Egerton R. Young's stories of his misican home! sionary dogs, "My Dogs in the North- land," would be especially good. (Revell, YOUR CHRISTMAS GIFTS $1.25. ) By selecting things missionary in 3. Games. The game, "Who's Who character Christmas gifts may be made in Missions" (Sunday-School Times to do double duty. They may not only Company, 50 cents), would be approserve as reminders of love and friend- priate for children and adults who wish ship but will perhaps be the means to become familiar with the faces and of awakening an interest in the great task the Savior of the world has placed mprl.iSn.ScliOpanlane.evse.nts in the lives of fifty great in the hands of His Church. Here are a few suggestions: 4. Pins and badges. For members of women's missionary societies, the pretty 1. A subscription to a missionary mag- little "Coronation Pin" adopted by the azine, denominational or interdenomi- Federation of Women's Foreign Misnational. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF sionary Societies as their official badge, THE WORLD, with its broad view of world would be a pleasing gift. These may conditions, its wealth of fine pictures and be ordered from any woman's board at its practical helps, makes an ideal gift. 35 cents for composit metal and $1.75 The same is true of Everyland for the for solid gold. There are also denomichildren and Men and Missions for the national pins especially in young women. The publishers of almost all mis- men's and children's societies, that would sionary magazines are prepared to send make pretty gifts. attractive gift certificates bearing the name of the donor so as to reach the 5. Curios. For Sunday-school classes recipient on Christmas Day. there is nothing better than some little 2. A missionary book. There are curio from a missionary land. In small many inexpensive missionary books that cities where there is no oriental store it would make ideal Christmas gifts, some is not always possible to get them, but by searching through the ten-cent stores they may sometimes be found. A pair of chopsticks would be a great novelty to many children, and boys especially would be pleased with the little cowrie shell stick-pins which may be obtained

15] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS 86~

in lots of ten or more at the rate of 2 members of the Sunday-school and cents each from the David C. Cook Pub- church, or shall we impress anew the lishing Company, Elgin, Ill. Cowrie real significance of Christmas Day and shells formerly took the place of money give expression to the Christmas spirit in many parts of Africa, and it will add by gifts to those who are less fortunate? to the value of the pins if something is told of the use of the shells. For this The great danger in many Christmas see "Eighteen Years in Uganda," by celebrations is to forget the tidings of Bishop Tucker, page 339, vo!. 2. great joy and let the Christmas season lose its real meaning to the hearts of The following novelties put out by the men. More emphasis needs to be placed Beacon Hill Farm Association, Fu- upon the fact that it is Christ's birthday, chau, China, would also make good and that through His coming, His life, His death and His resurrection, we now gifts: (1) Little leaden boxes of Jas- have the Christmas cheer and the spirit of peace and good-will toward men.- mine Flower Scented Tea, which has a JANE B. SMITH, Hartford School of Redelicate and most unusual flavor. Price ligious Pedagogy, in The Sunday School 25 cents a box, postage 4 cents extra. Times. (2) Packages of Chinese Lang-gang, containing four, five, or five and a half If Christ Had Not Come yards, according to the grade. This is a narrow, hand-woven ribbon in attrac- Some months ago a little story was tive designs and gay colors, used in published in The Epworth Herald that trimming women's dresses and shoes, can be made the basis of a very effective and is fine for tying Christmas pack- object lesson for a Christmas program. ages. Price 25 cents a package, 5 pack- Nothing better could be found to give ages for $1.00 to one address. (3) children some idea of the social value of Christmas and New Year's Rainbow foreign missions. Flag Book-mark souvenirs in Chinese envelops ready for mailing. Price 7 A little girl had been given a very cents each, 4 for 25 cents, 20 for $1.00 to complete model of a village, which she one address. All these may be obtained liked to play with very much. from Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Fuchau, China. The tea may also be had (usu- "What kind of a town is it?" her father ally without delay) from Miss Flora asked one morning when she had set it Starr, 718 Simpson Street, Evanston, up. II!., and the Lang-gang and souvenirs from Miss Sarah Avery, 14 King Street, "Oh. a Christian town," the child Worcester, Mass. All profits go to the answered. support of children in China who would otherwise either starve or be sold. "Suppose we make it a heathen town," the father suggested. "What must we THE CHRISTMAS PROGRAM'" take out?"

The Chief Aim.-In planning for a "The church," promptly answered the Christmas program thoughtful Sunday- little girl, taking it out. school workers must seriously consider the purpose of the program. Shall we "Is that all?" the father asked. aim only to amuse and entertain the "I guess so," the child answered. "No, indeed," her father said. Then * The Best Methods Department of THE M,S· he took out the public school and the library. ~IONARY REVIEW for December, 1913, and Novem- "Anything else?" asked the child. ber, 1914, contained a large number of suggestions "Isn't that a hospital over there?" for Christmas missionary programs. Others may "Yes; but, father, they have hospitals, be found in "The Christmas Spirit," by Irene don't they?" Mason, Missionary Education Movement, price 10 "Not in heathen countries," he excents.

plained. "It was Christ who taught us continuous impulse by which the original to care for the sick and feeble ones." light of Christ's revelation has been spread over all the world. Taking a large The little girl looked soberly around candle to symbolize this original light of the little town and presently took away Christ's truth, the Apostles, Evangelists, also the Old Ladies' Home, the Orphans' and St. Paul are lighted directly from Home, and the Insane Asylum. this. It is the Christ-light burning in another life, fed by that life's experience. "Why, father," she exclaimed, "there's From St. Paul the light is given to St. not one good thing left. I wouldn't live Luke and the Churches of Asia Minor, in such a town for anything." Rome and Greece. From Rome it is given to Europe, from Europe to England, and In using this as a Christmas object- thence by the way of our Church and lesson the model of a little village such others, on and on. The transmission and as is described in the story should be multiplication of the original light must provided. This can either be purchased go on until the whole world shines with or made from cardboard. The patterns Christ. The candle-flames may be so and directions for making a Japanese arranged that at the end they will form house given in "Missionary Helps for a cross of light, stretching out its arms Junior Leaders,"* pages 11 and 13, to infinite need. would help in this. The liquid glue now obtainable in tubes will he found of great "For equipment use a short step-ladassistance. der, draped, and the requisite number of candles (29 in this case), of which one, The subject matter may be given either to represent Christ, should be very large. by two persons-an adult and a childwho impersonate the father and daughter, or by some one person who takes the part of the father and calls forth the child's part from the school. The latter plan would probably make the most lasting impression.

If greater length is desired, the dialog can· easily be elaborated by having the father add brief statements concerning the .animal hospitals of India and the treatment of the sick and insane in lands where Christ is not known.

Christ the Light of the World Order of the Candle-LighlillY The following object-lesson on mis- 1. Christ. sionary history devised by the Rev. P . .R. Osgood of the Protestant Episcopal 2. St. Matthew } From Christ Church and printed in The Spirit of 3. St. Mark 111issions, is especially appropriate for the Christmas program. Care should be 4. St. John taken to guard against fire. Do not place the candles too close together, as the heat 'of so many lighted at once will tend to soften them and make them bend over.

'The missionary enthusiasm of the Church," says Mr. Osgood, "has been a * "Missionary Helps for Junior Leaders," by Margaret Tyson Applegarth , and. Nellie Prescott. . Central' C01Dmittee on Unite<!Study' of . Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass. Price, 25 cents.

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j516 oTtheenr having a getting Christmas we have a 7 Apostles giving Christmas and help them out." ~ tak~~h~ ~lace 10 of Judas From Christ This met with an enthusiastic response and mite-boxes were at once distributed. 11 Two Evan- Every Sunday items of information were 12 gelists presented to keep up the interest, and each class was asked to keep its gifts 13 were secret. When at last Christmas Eve 14 Apostles) came, when the gifts were to be brought in, the church was beautifully decorated. (15) St. Paul- From Christ Miracu- "Never was there a more gorgeous tree, lously nor a more crowded audience," says one of the members. 16. St. Luke-From St. Paul After the opening exercises the pastor 17. Asia MinOr} From St. Paul called the classes, the superintendent and 18. Rome assistant standing by with pad and pen- cil. When Class 1 was called, a tiny 19. Greece girl came through the crowded aisles carrying the gift of the primary class. 20. Europe-From Rome "Nine dollars," she whispered as she 2l. England-From Europe. handed the money to the treasurer. "Nine dollars," announced the superintendent 22. U. S.-From England. of the school. "Class 2" brought a small 23. Canada-From England. boy of six, who announced "Seven dol- 1 So far as our lars and seventy-six cents," as he proud- 24. JCahpianna ly handed it in. 25. 26. Africa As class after class responded, the in- Church is con- terest became intense. The room was 27. South America cerned, from the very still, the children hardly daring to 28. Alaska I United States breathe lest they lose some announce- 29. Philippines J ment. $28 from one class was greeted by a chorus of supprest A Christmas Gift to the Laurel Country "Oh's" from all over the room, and $32 from another capped the climax. The A few years ago, when a Presbyterian last gift was $5, from a member of Sunday-school in Cadillac, Michigan, the school who has since gone to China. was asked to help send a missionary When the sum total, $235.00, was anteacher to the mountaineers in the Laurel nounced, a hush fell upon the school, Country, South Carolina, the superin- which was broken by the superintendent tendent resolved to make it a special ob- saying, "The Laurel Mountain children ject at the coming Christmas. The Home will have their teacher. Let us sing, Mission Monthly tells of his success. 'Fraise God, from whom all blessings The first thing he did was to tell the flow.' " children something about these people isolated in the Southern Mountains. N ext he read a letter asking for a teacher for them, and at the close made his appeal. "We can not have those boys and men come over the hard trail for news of what we will do for them," he said, "and then go home to the girls and women with the word that Cadillac Sunday-school will not send them a missionary teacher. I move that instead of He knows, and loves, and cares- Nothing this truth can dim- And does the very best for those Who leave the choice with Him.

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MISSI AnY NEWS LATIN AMERICA the theory of Christianity without this service. Why has not the Church seen Protestants in the Mexican Crisis this wonderful opportunity here in Mexico as well as in the remote corners A WRITER in The Missionary Sur- of the earth. The best hospitals and vey says that the Protestant Church sanitary cars of the country are mere in Mexico is wielding a tremendous in- makeshifts. The wounded are not atfluence-not as a Church, but through tended to, principally because they have the individual members now associated an inadequate corps of doctors and in the various armies. It is said that helpers-inadequate in numbers and igthe wife of Carranza, the first chief of norant of the first principles of sanitathe Constitutional army, is a Protestant, tion and first aid; also for lack of inand he himself, tho not actually a mem- terest and a lack of funds and of heads. ber of the Protestant Church, is openly It is the way the average Mexican does friendly. Many of the native ministers the average thing. Fortunately, I have hold positions of importance in the had Protestant Mexicans to help· me and various armies, and the story goes that they are always different. in all of the armies there is not a single Protestant who was enrolled as a pri- AA Mixed Multitude in Argentina vate. Whether that statement be strict- VIVID glimpse of the cosmopolitan ly accurate or not, it certainly indicates immigration into Argentina-where the part that Protestants are playing in more than 300,000 newcomers arrive the hour of the nation's crisis. A mis- each year-is given in a letter from sionary who has spent years in Mexico Mr. W. C. K. Torre. The following says that he has not heard the word paragraphs are of special interest: "Protestante" used in contempt since the We have in this city of Buenos Ayres opening of the revolution. 1,500,000 souls, and the population in- creases. With the natural growth and Medical Opportunities in Mexico the inflowing tide of immigrants from Europe, the need seems to me to be in- E VEN in the midst of revolution and creasing. The other day I asked a turmoil in Mexico there is still a call brother who has been visiting the imfor missionaty work. Miss Mary migrants on arrival, distributing Gospels Turner of the Presbyterian Mission among them and seeking to help them, writes from the hospital in Aguas if he would go out into the street, Calientes: If Christian doctors and speak to the first 20 men he met, and • nurses could know how great the needs see what they knew of the Bible. He are here for efficient help and money, did so, and the result is most instructhere would certainly be a few who tive. These twenty men represented would volunteer to come and a few of 6 different nationalities-Spanish, Ital~ the rich who would send them. The ian, Servian, Uruguayan, Portuguese, evangelical Church could gain more and Rumanian. The Uruguayan said within a few months of practical service he had read portions of the Bible. One in the army of wounded and ill, than with years of preaching and teaching

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Spaniard knew something about the special interests as Bible study with all Bible, but he had never read it. A departments-city, college, railroad, etc. Portuguese said he had read the Bible. An Italian had read the Bible and Mr. Mott is to have two associate seemed to have faith in the Lord Jesus. general secretaries, Frederick B. Shipp, Another Spaniard said he had studied who will give special attention to the at a Jesuit College in Spain, but he had business concerns of the committee, and never had a Bible in his hands. And Fletcher S. Brockman, who is called what about the other 15? N one of home from service in China to at- them had ever seen a Bible, and by tend to the foreign department and to their replies they knew nothing about serve as lieutenant to Mr. Mott in special it.-Bible in the World. tasks within the home department as well. Charles D. Hurrey, who has been Brazilians Publicly Accept Christianity the executive of the college department, succeeds in the foreign student's de- D URING the past month we have had partment Willard D. Lyon, who has gone the joy of reaping some of the re- out to Shanghai, while David R. Porter sults of our sowing. At Pirassununga is promoted from high school work to fill we received fifteen on profession of Mr. Hurrey's position among American faith, and seven at Santa Rita, leaving college men. Mr. Mott will continue on the roll of candidates several who had without cessation his work on the Conapplied for membership in the Church. tinuation Committee of the vVorld's Mis- In the last week several, the majority of sionary Conference and on the World's them men, have publicly accepted Christ. Christian Federation. At Dourado where we opened work in January, I preached three nights in suc- A A Baptist Five-Year Program cession, using the stereopticon for the T its meeting in Los Angeles in May, first time at that point. My congrega- the Northern Baptist Convention tions varied from one hundred and adopted the following five-year program ninety the first night to almost five hun- of aggressive spiritual activity, which dred the last night, and many were takes as its obj ective the development of turned away. At the close of the last every church into an evangelistic and service I gave the people an opportunity social force in its community. The defito accept Christ, and thirty-three re- nite goals set before the denomination sponded.-W. G. BORCHERS, Santa Rita, by this program are: A million addi- Brazil. tions to the churches by baptism; a mis- sionary force of 5,000 men and women NORTH AMERICA in America and the non-Christian world; two million dollars of endowment for John R. Matt's New Work the Ministers and Missionaries Benefit Board; six million dollars for additional JOHN R. Mott has accepted the posi- educational endowment and equipment tion of general secretary of the Inter- at home and abroad; an annual income national Committee of Young Men's of six million dollars for missions and Christian Associations as successor to benevolence. The methods recom- Richard C. Morse, who has been the mended for the accomplishment of this official leader of American Young Men's high aim are: A persistent, pervasive Christian Associations since his election Evangelism-personal, pastoral and voas general secretary in 1869. cational; the systematic and propor- tionate giving of not less than one-tenth The entrance of Mr. Mott upon this of the income, with larger giving by new service involves a complete re- those of larger resources; the Annual organization of the International Committee staff, and efficiency has further been promoted by a plan relating such

Every-Member Canvass for weekly the closed door of a church. The text giving and spiritual efficiency; an in- has a militant note reading; "Men creasing emphasis on education-Bib- wanted, National Missionary Campaign, lical, missionary and scholastic; the de- 1915-1916. Enlist for World Service. velopment of every Church in social Conventions in 75 cities." service; prevailing prayer-personal, public and social. As a reminder of the aims of this National Campaign it may be well to The Episcopal Emergency Fund quote from the call issued by the movement at its Lake Geneva con- W ITH the $375,000 contributed to vention; To the end of making oc- the Emergency Fund of the Prot- casion for such deep and grave inquiry estant Episcopal Church Board of Mis- and such lofty resolution as the great sions, the emergency has been met, even day in which we live requires of us all, tho the fund was not completed on Sep- the movement has provided-as it trusts tember 1St. In other words, the mis- under inspiration of the Spirit of God sionary treasury is practically out of -for holding great rallies for men of debt for the first time in eight years! the Church in seventy-five distributed The church has not only given the Emer- and accessible centers of American popugency Fund of $375,000, but has also ex- lation from October of the present year ceeded by $20,000 its gifts on the regular to April of the next. To each of these apportionment; so that about $400,000 there will come chosen leaders of over and above the giving of last year thought and action, to lay before such has come into the treasury. as are desirous to meet and confer there- upon the great charge of God to His con- One feature worth noting is that the temporary Church, the measureless fund has not been padded or inflated in resources with which He has enriched any way. There have been no com- His people for the doing of His will, and mittees of two waiting upon wealthy the means which will fairly put to test churchmen, and no whirlwind canvass the primary question of the agesmethods; neither were any large sums whether the followers of Christ are inheld back to be announced at the last deed able to take the world for Him. moment. The largest gift was $5,000 and there have been about 8,000 con- A New Inter-Church Commission tributions. The giving was real, spontaneous and personal; it represents de- INCREASED Christian efficiency in sire rather than pressure. dealing with community problems which concern the Church is the task set National Missionary Campaign for the new commission of the Federal Council of the churches of Christ in A POSTER in· four colors is to be America. Last June a conference of displayed in front of thousands of representatives from Christian organizachurches to announce the National Mis- tions doing cooperative work on a nasionary Campaign, the opening feature tional scale, was held at Atlantic City. of which is a great interdenominational Strong delegations were present from convention for men in Chicago, begin- such organizations as the Laymen's ning October 14th and closing next April Missionary Movement, the International in Washington, D. C. Sunday School Association, the Inter- national Committee of Y. M. C. A., the The poster is symbolical of both home National Board of the Y. W. C. A., the and foreign missions, the non-Christian Home Missions Council and other simiworld being typified by a great idol with lar organizations. This conference a group of worshipers before it, and mission work at home by a man standing bewildered in a city street before

asked the Federal Council to form a worship, and the Archbishop pointed out commission to make a careful survey of that England on her knees at home can all federated work now being carried on accomplish more perhaps than England throughout the country, to help federa- fighting in or out of trenches abroad. tions already formed, and to cooperate It is reported that a national movement in forming new ones where conditions has sprung up in the churches of Engwere favorable. land and Scotland in favor of family prayers in the home. It is said that This commission has been organized Free and Established church people are The membership in a large measure re- interested in about equal numbers, and presents unofficially the movement which that speakers are setting out to the protook part in the Atlantic City confer- vinces to talk in its fayor.-The Churchence. It is thus practically a federation man. of federated movements, and Rev. Roy B. Guild was elected Executive Secre- Jewish "Endeavor" Movement tary. AN interesting development is in prog- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN ress in connection with the Kil- burn and Brondesbury Hebrew and British Charity Religion Classes. In order to provide a "Jewish atmosphere" for young THE world-war has produced world- people who might otherwise suffer from charity on a scale hitherto unknown. religious neglect, juvenile services have The total value of British contributions been arranged in the local synagog, last year is estimated at $125,000,000. If whereat young Israelites have been engifts from the British possessions are couraged to read the liturgy and to added, the amount will be nearer $175,- carry through the general proceedings 000,000. Australian contributions in of public worship. In short, there has money alone exceeded $15,000,000. The arisen in the midst of Jewry an ana- Prince of Wales Fund for the year log of the world-wide Christian Enreached a total of $27,500,000, and local deavor movement, and impartial obcontributions brought this up to $40,000,- servers declare that it promises to pro- 000. The Belgian Relief Commission mote reverence and an intelligent incollected nearly $10,000,000 and the terest in the services of the synagog. Times Red Cross Fund brought in Letters in the Jewish papers show that $8,000,000. the movement has not yet passed the stage of opposition. . A Revival of Family Prayer THE CONTINENT THREE marked tendencies in the re- ligious life of England and Scotland A War Prison Y. M. C. A. to-day are by many observers attributed to the war. One is a popular wave of THE bringing together of great enthusiasm for family prayer. Another bodies of young men in military hosis better observance of Sunday as a day pitals and in camps as prisoners of war of rest. And the third is such measure offers an almost unprecedented opporof cooperation between the Anglican tunity for Christian work, and the Inand Free Churches as was not dreamed ternational Y. M. C. A. has not been possible one year ago. A great meeting slow in recognizing this. In response has recently been held in London, at- to a formal inquiry, the German War tended by Free and Established church- Ministry stated that they would welmen in about equal numbers, and having come the cooperation of the Young for chairman a Free Church layman and Men's Christian Association in the work for principal speaker the Archbishop of Canterbury. The subject was family

for the prisoners of war, and in con- and love among differing races. I ex- sequence there has been erected near perience this fact every year at the GOttingen the first war prison Y. M. C. Eastern Conference at Teschen in Aus- A. building in the world. It contains a trian Silesia. German and Polish large hall, which will be used for wor- brethren sing the same hymns at the ship by pastors, priests, and rabbi; for same time in their respective" tongues. concerts and lectures, and as a reading One prays in Polish and is immediately room; a small hall as a quiet room for followed by another in German. I prayer, also for choir and orchestra prac- rejoice greatly to be a connecting link tises, and three small rooms for edu- in all Austria for these little groups- cational work. The equipment consists Bohemian, Polish, Hungarian, German, of a library of English, French, and Slovak, and Ruthenian. It is gratify- Russian books, piano, harmonium, ing to see how the Gospel is beginning tables, benches, blackboards, maps, and to gain entry among the Slovaks. pictures. Brother Chraska, a member of the Free Reformed Church, has just completed "In front of the building, which is a translation of the Bible into Slovenbeautifully situated, the Commandant ish and along with him a young, fiery has had laid out a formal garden. The Slovene believer, Brother Chlastan, has building was put up by the men them- started to spread the Bible among his selves, and they are also making the people. He has done this without legal equipment." authority and has had, consequently, to suffer fine and imprisonment repeat- The extension of similar work in the edly. The Society of Christian Enmilitary camps of Germany is under the deavor in Agram, under the active direction of a committee appointed by leadership of Mr. Schumacher, a school the National Committee of the German principal, proposes to engage a mis- Y. M. C. A. sionary for the Croats.-Recard of Christian Work. The Bible in Ireland Indian Troops in Europe T HE annual report of the Bible and Colportage Society for Ireland rec- THE Y. M. C. A. of India has been ords a welcome increase in sales for the making a record in its service to year. In Ireland, as a rule, the colporteur confines his attention to scat- the native troop contingents sent to tered country districts, where the people Europe. All the money for this extra live far from book-shops, and where the work has been raised in India. Beginmeans of getting literature is difficult. nings were made by the Bombay Asso- It is here the agent does some of his best ciation as the native troops came pourwork as a missionary and evangelist, as ing into the city for embarkation. Last well as "the man with the Book." Dur- October, twelve secretaries sailed from ing the year 5,500 copies of the Scrip- Bombay to be with the troops in tures were disposed of, and nearly 20,000 France, among them being Dr. S. K. tracts and booklets distributed. Datta, one of the young leaders in the Indian church to-day. They organize Sure Cure for Race Hatred literary, athletic, and social events, pASTOR MONSKY, Secretary of the provide post-office facilities, write let- ters for the natives by the ten thou- Evangelical Society of Austria, sand, issue a little paper in Urdu to affirms that the unhappy racial ani- furnish them with war and home news, mosities of that land cease within the run barber shops, sell mustard oil, circles of the Gemeinschaft (evangelical Christians) . "Where Jesus is really in men's hearts there are peace

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

carry stuffs, soap, matches, etc., and countries as gifts of American Sunday- actually hold French classes for the school scholars, is trying hard to meet Hindu officers, having issued 25,000 the great demands that are being made copies of a booklet of French-Urdu upon it. Rev. A. C. Harte, working in phrases. The secretaries are both In- prison-camps in Germany writes: "I dians and Englishmen. am beginning to distribute the Testa- REV.Russian Protestants in War-Time ments, and long before this reaches you, I will have used up the 40,000. WILLIAM FETLER, the Rus- . It will be good if you can get another sian Baptist preacher, who, as the 40,000 or 80,000 for us." REVIEW has already stated, is now in A worker in Austria writes: "Thou- New York, is far from enthusiastic sands of soldiers and prisoners of war over the prospects of real and general :n this way get their own New Testareligious liberty being soon established ment or a copy of the Gospels which in that country. Many signs since the most of them never possest before. outbreak of the war, such as a new That the men in the trenches prize the spirit toward the Jews and the Poles, gift is evident from extracts from solhave encouraged English observers to diers' letters, such as these; . predict an era of liberalization, but "A book in the trenches is better Mr. Fetler is inclined to quite the op- than the knapsack full of provisions. posite forecast. At least, the Protes- Anyone who has spiritual food for us tants of Russia have experienced more is welcome." trouble since war began than for a long "We are hungry after spiritual food. time before it. My library consists of Faust, Lillien- Immediately after Russia plunged cron's Selected Poems, and the New into the great European struggle, Testament which one has learned again officious government agents recalled to read." that the Stundists-the original Rus- sian Protestants-were mostly non- MOSLEM LANDS resistants, and on principle opposed to The Future of Armenia war. Also, it was remembered that the Stundists arose originally in a German A CORRESPONDENT in the Mancolony within Russian bounds. On cheJ:ter Guardian, referring to Art. these grounds it was assumed that Rus- 61 of the Berlin Treaty, writes: sian Protestants were likely to be sympathetic with the enemies of the nation, "When the general settlement takes or at least indifferent to the progress place at the close of the war, the Powers of the war. Shortly after Mr. FetIer's should not forget the interests of the arrest and exile, already described, Armenians, and that not for the sake of eleven other Protestant preachers were the Armenians alone, but also for the sake banished, ten of them being sent to of Turkey and of the maintenance of Siberia. It seems plain that the most peace in Europe. Because if Armenia bigoted party of the Russian orthodox is allowed to remain in her present church has employed the war situation wretched condition she will surely convery skilfully to its own advantage. tinue to appeal to Europe and to Eng- land for help, and Europe, being moved, will seek to interfere, and thus the East- Testaments Wanted in Germany ern question will still remain open.

THE "Million Testament" Movement, "It is evident that the geographical inaugurated by the World's Sunday- and ethnological conditions of Armenia school Association to send Testaments do not permit of her being constituted and Gospels to soldiers in the warring an autonomous unit. Being a commer-

cial people in the towns, and agricultural elements of arithmetic and science. The in the rural districts, what they demand boy must drone away aloud at the is the possibility of carrying on their bus- strange rhythmic sentences without a iness, commerce and agriculture, with- word of interpretation from the teacher, out being molested by the lawless. There until he has memorized the Koran from is no need of elaborate schemes or drafts cover to cover! The Koran has some of new laws. It is quite sufficient that exalted portions, approaching in style a governor-general be appointed with and power the Book of Psalms and the consent of the Ambassadors of the Job; but as a whole it has had a degrad- Powers for a number of years. The ing and retarding influence both on the jurisdiction of this governor would ex- personal and social life. It is after all tend over the six vilayets mostly popu- a reflection of the tragedy of Mohamlated by the Armenians. This governor, med's Iife-a character gifted with rare endowed with judicial and executive spiritual powers, but under the stress of powers, would be responsible for the temptation yielding to lust, revenge, depeace and tranquility of the country ceit and the fire of fanaticism.-REv. and for the carrying out of the laws. STEPHEN V AN R. TROWBRIDGE. The governor should organize and have at his disposal a local force of militia INDIA recruited from the inhabitants, and in the case of need the military forces of German Missionaries in India the country would also be at his command. Such a governor would be quite THE British government of India capable of pacifying the country and in- has decided that all enemy aliens troducing good government, happiness in that country must be either interned and contentment in those lawless prov- or deported. The decision wiII chiefly Inces. affect the German missionaries, of whom there are a large number in A A Need of Moslem Children India. At the beginning of July, a NEED which characterizes the child considerable number of these mission- life of Moslem lands is for a Holy aries had' been removed from Assam, Book that can be understood and that is Behar and Orissa, but a fair number in the common language of the country. still remained, especially in the dis- I have often looked in upon a room full triCts of Chota Nagpur, where a Luof Turkish school boys seated cross- theran mission long has been establegged on the floor, each with his Koran lished. At the beginning of April in front of him, memorizing each line there were 442 alien enemy missionin that strange Arabic language of which aries in the whole of India, of whom he knows nothing save the alphabet. The 115 had been interned or paroled. Only Koran is a little longer than the New a few Germans and Austrians were Testament and contains a confusion of pt:rmitted to remain at large in Upper ecstatic poetry, historic legends, cere- India, and those now have been sent monial laws, and personal adventures of to the detention camp at Dagshai in the Prophet. All this is in a language the Simla district. and style as unintelligible to a Turkish or a Persian boy as Virgil's "JEneid" The work of the Schleswig-Holwould be to a boy in one of our grammar stein Mission in India has been comschools. He is under the sharp eye and pelled to stop because of the war. At threatening rod of the schoolmaster, the beginning of the war Superintenwhose whole training has been in schol- dent Timmke dismissed 200 boarding astic Moslem theology, instead of in the pupils and 78 seminarists and 194 teacher helpers who were laboring in baptismal instruction, etc. ; teachers were placed on half pay and the gov-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

ernment was successfully petitioned to these ten years. Everywhere we went take over the expense of the upkeep we could hear the people talking of of the seminary, three high schools and "The Jesus Church." Great crowds two hospitals. The male missionaries came for all the services. Except for were all placed in concentration camps two or three times when it was raining at Ahmednagar near Bombay, while the hard, the tent, seating about one thou- women and children were taken to sand, was full and most of the time more Waltair. Two sisters were allowed to than full. Fully 2,500 people attended return to Europe. The imprisoned the services each day for twelve days.

missionaries are compelled by the sub- All classes cam~. Some 1,200 portions ordinate officers to do hard labor daily. of the Scripture were sold, and 4,000 Superintendent Timmke is only allowed tracts distributed. Over 200 proba- to write once a month to the mission tioners were enlisted.

stations where there are 17,000 Chris- tians and 7,000 catechumen without an Modern Methods in Chuchow ordained native pastor. Missionary THE report of the missionaries in N eudorffer of the General Council of Chuchow, China, brings together a the Lutheran Church of North America was able to visit the field twice and striking group of facts which illustrate was of great help and benefit.-All- both the wonderful transition in China gemeine Missions Nachrichten, August, and the marvelous openings for the 1915. Gospel there now. In a small $3,000 hospital the medical missionary treated CHINA over 1,600 cases during the month and, Thirty Thousand Hear the Gospel with his Chinese helpers, vaccinated 346. The missionaries are directing L ATE in the year 1914 the two de- famine relief for 800 people by build- nominations (Southern Presby- terian and Southern Methodist) doing ing a macadam street, the money all work in this city, met to discuss the furnished by Chinese, and Christian advisability of having some sort of a services for these people are held gathering to celebrate the tenth anni- weekly in the Confucian temple! The versary of the coming of Protestantism adult Bible class in this interior Chi- to Changchow. To be sure many mis- nese city has had seventy in attendsionaries and Chinese workers had been ance, and these non-Christian officials here before and some of them left and business men have been studying faster than they came, and that to the the Gospel of Luke to find out the tune of stones and the then usual title basis of Christianity. This Chinese given to the foreigner; but it was in city is not only being led to do the the year 1904 that the first house was unheard of, construct a macadam rented and the first Protestant preach- street, but the missionaries have pushed er moved into the city. It was decided them along toward Christian ideals for to have the celebration in April, 1915. child life until they actually have a We had such a meeting as this people city playground, and gymnastic ap- had never seen. All former pastors paratus has been provided for it. And were invited and some came. The finally, China has a Boy Scout move- Suchow District tent was used, as no ment, led by the missionaries.

church was large enough to accom- A Chinese Children's Magazine modate the crowds. This we pitched on the lot formerly occupied by the. HAPPY CHILDHOOD, the new jail in the center of the city. Chang- magazine for Chinese children, is chow has never been so stirred in all meeting with unexpected success. Mrs.

MacGillivray, its devoted editor, says they considered a more acceptable in a recent letter: dress, in order to acquaint the literary class with its contents and remove the "I know you will be delighted to hear prejudice against Christianity. The that so far the magazine has met a Bible has also been introduced into very warm welcome from all parts of some Government schools as a text- China. For instance there is a mis- book. To its influence Dr. Hykes atsion to rickshaw coolies here in Shan- tributes not only such reforms as the ghai. The founder and director is a abolition of torture, the decrease of business man, and the mission take in infanticide, the going out of fashion forty copies per month and say they have of footbinding, the tendency to subnever had anything that has helped stitute monogamy for polygamy, but them so much. Miss Bonnell of the also reforms in the administration of Door of Hope says the girls have never justice, the abolition of opium-smoking, had anything to read in which they the adoption of a national scheme of have taken such interest as this mag- education, and the growing recognition azine. I also have had letters of ap- of the right of free thought, free preciation from Manchuria, Shantung, speech, and free conscience. Foochow, Canton, and many other places. General Chang in Peking of German Mission in China the Chinese army subscribes for eleven copies, ten of which he sends to an THE Missionary Magazine of the orphanage and one for his own family. In writing he said, 'This paper is truly Allegemeine Evangelische Missionsa light for the children of China.' verein reports: Since' March 1, 1915, The children's competition page is also our Seminary in Tsingtau has again a great success. Children from all been opened; about 50 pupils are now over China are sending in answers, and instructed. In March one of our Chinthis month we sent little prizes to ese was baptized. Our Chinese lady Foochow, Shantung, Manchuria, Ki- teacher, Mrs. Dschang, returned to angsi, and one to Shanghai. The sub- Tsingtau. The girls are awaiting anxscription list now stands at over six- iously the opening of our girls' school. teen hundred, and we hope for an in- Missionary Voskamp, of the Berlin Miscrease in the autumn." sion, is again allowed to preach and has opened one schoo!. The Chinese The Bible and Chinese Civilization Christians and helpers were a credit to themselves, not one of them back- MANY of the radical changes for slid. They all pray for Germany and for a speedy peace.-Calwer Missions- . the better in Chinese life, char- blatt. acter, customs and government can be directly traced to the influence of the On the China-Burmese Border Bible. The Rev. John R. Hykes of THIRTEEN thousand converts have China reported facts to prove this at the World's Bible Congress in San been baptized on the Kengtung field Francisco. Besides the various trans- in the extreme east of Burma. About lations made by missionaries, the Bible 4,500 of them are on the Chinese side was translated into Chinese by Chou- of the line. With the exception of fu, Provincial Treasurer of Shantung, eight churches near the border, these in conjunction with Li Hung-chang. converts have not been organized. They copied out the entire Bible in the When the first ingathering took place literary language, their object being to on this field eleven years ago, within produce an independent version in what a month groups came from across the China border, both of the Wa and

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Lahu tribes, begging the missionaries on John 14: 6. The prominent ladies of to come to them at once with the the city attend this class, and some of Gospel. This same appeal has been them were baptized this year. I think sounding ever since. Native workers many preachers in America would envy who have toured the section regularly me, if they could see the enquirers' report many villages where the entire class on Saturday nights. This year population has exprest a desire to be we have had about 30 in attendance, baptized. In one of these, Ho Hko, most of them young people, and the whose 130 families all desire baptism, time is devoted only to study of the the teacht;rs stayed a few days, and Word. Ve have nine out-stations in eighteen villages from the surrounding the province, where workers are living. country sent in representatives saying There are one hundred and forty their entire villages desired baptism at towns with an average population of once. Rev. W. M. Young, in writing 5,000. Our work will be finished when of this situation, says: we shall have built up a self-supporting church in all these towns." "If we open this work on a proper basis and give them the Gospel I have Good and Evil in ConRict no doubt we will soon have more converts on this field to the north than we INa recent Church Missionary Review have in all Burma to-day." Grace Nott says: "Buddhism mad( a great effort to revivify herself some JAPAN-KOREA years ago, and, finding that Christian methods had so much success, started REV. Work in One City a campaign on the same lines, even CHARLES A. LOGAN writes going .so far as to print 'Bibles' in home: "Our work in the city of which the only difference from our own Tokushima (population 70,000) lS was that Buddha's name was substigrowing. The self-supporting church is tuted for our Lord's! Such efforts making steady progress, and gradually were naturally doomed to failure. Now reaching the more influential people of the nation is faced by the Hongwanji the city. There are two other mission Buddhist scandals; the priests are acchurches where evangelists are working, cused of living in luxury and extravaand one preaching place in the center gance on the offerings of the faithful. of the city, where I preach twice a The misappropriated money is put at week, and conduct a night-school. We the enormous figure of 2,000,000 yen, are now planning for a union evangelis- and the whole matter is being investitic campaign for this fall. About gated by the government. Sad as all eight promil1ent speakers will come, and this is, we can surely see that here also speak' in the churches, theaters, public 'God is working His purpose out.' As hall, government schools, railroad sta- one result, several well-known men and tion, and other companies' offices. Some women have become Christians; others of our most interesting meetings are are studying the New Testament and held in our home. English Bible classes buying Bibles in an unprecedented way." for students on Tuesdays, the ladies' cooking class on Wednesdays, Christian Tokyo Sunday-School Convention Poatwomen's meeting on Fridays, and the poned children's meeting and Bible study for enquirers on Saturdays. The ladies' ANOTHER result of the war has cooking class met here to-day. Mrs. been the postponement of the Logan taught them how to make ice World's Sunday-School Conventioh, so cream, and then their Bible lesson waS long announced as to be held in Tokyo in October, 1916. 58 n<l,tions wen:

represented at the Zurich Convention cation in Korea. The Korean Sundayin 1913, and it had been confidently school Association during the present expected that the holding of the next year has by the adoption of Sundaygathering in Tokyo would do much to school standards and the energetic prostrengthen the bonds which unite Chris- motion of Sunday-school· work been tians throughout the world. The Ex- fitting the Sunday-school for the greatly ecutive Committee of the World's Sun- increased responsibility it must bear for day-School Association, however, real- the Christian education of Korean ized that the belligerent nations would youth in the near future. not send delegates, and therefore decided at their meeting in September to AFRICA postpone the convention to a date soon after the close of the war, the date A New Y. M. C. A. Building in Egypt to be suggested by the Japanese Committee, of which Count Okuma, Prime REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROW- Minister of Japan, is Chairman. An- BRIDGE sends an account of the other reason for this decision, also due opening of the new Y. M. C. A. building to the war, was that difficulties have in Alexandria on September lIth. The been encountered in the matter of building, which adjoins the Regina Palproper transportation facilities for ace Hotel, is to be used especially for the American delegates because of the scar- benefit of British soldiers and sailors. city of desirable ships. More than 3,000 The cost was met jointly by the British Americans have asked for information Y. M. C. A., the British and Australian in view of possible attendance at the Red Cross Societies, and by the Y. M. convention, a full year before the date C. A., in America. In opening the new set. building Sir Henry MacMahon, the High Commissioner, paid a high tribute to the When conditions permit, the eighth work of the Y. M. C. A. in Egypt. Mr. convention of the world's Sunday-school Jessop and his helpers have done releaders will be held in Tokyo with all markable service-both social and spiritthe features originally planned. ual-among the troops in Egypt. Not only have reading and writing tents been The Sunday-School Opportunity in established for their comfort but many have been converted in the Bible classes Korea and Evangelistic Meetings.

IN view of the Japanese ordinance Mr. Trowbridge also writes of the great opportunities presented for Chris- against religious education in mis- tian work among the wounded soldiers sion schools (already referred to in from Gallipoli who are filli,.-g the hosthe REVIEW) the Sunday-schools will have an added responsibility. While pitals of Alexandria. ~fa~y of. them the regulation is technically no more hostile to Christianity than to other having faced death are now beginning religions, and simply separates religion a new life that will never end. from education in regular schools, whether public or private, it does de- European Bishops on the West Coast prive Christian missions of one of their most valuable agencies of religious FOR a European an episcopate of education. The fact that there is yet twenty-one years in West Africa is 10 years before the full operation of the regulations gives ample time for unique, and Bishop Oluwole in his adthe organization of the 8unday-school dress to the Synod said: as a serious agency of Christian edu- We have so far had 13 European bishops of the Anglican Church on the West Coast: 9 of Sierra Leone, 2 of Accra, and 2 of Western Equatorial Africa. The first 3 bishops of Sierra

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Leone died within 7 years-an average Ifon, and Imeri, in the Owo district, of two and one-third years. Two re- besides passing through some of the tired, each at the end of ten years. One Akure stations on the way here. At retired after 14 years, and his successor I fan and Imeri several candidates were after 4. The next died after 8 years. baptized. During the year six new The present bishop succeeded in 1910. churches have been built, and three new Bishop Hill died about six months after houses for teachers, two of these hav- his consecration. Bishop Hamlyn had ing been built in anticipation of having to retire after six years, and was suc- teachers to occupy them soon."

ceeded by Bishop O'Rorke, in 1913.

Thus you see that the episcopate of Remarkable Progress our bishop is far and away the longest NEARLY 11,000 people (7,627 of European episcopate on this coast. Nor whom were adults) were baptized should we forget that he had previously in the diocese of Western Equatorial served as a missionary among us for Africa last year-the highest number four years, so that this year also marks ever reported in one year in any Church his semi-jubilee in the country. Only Missionary Society mission. Of the six other European male missionaries adults the men numbered 5,752 and the had a longer record in West Africa: women 1,875. There are 21,399 catechu- Townsend and Wood, of 40 years each; mens on the registers, and of these Mann and Maser, of 32 each; Hinderer 14,179 are men and 7,220 women. Comof 28; and Harding of 29. menting on these figures at the first session of the fourth synod, held at The following statistics are of in- Lagos, Bishop Oluwole said: "These terest as indicating the growth of the statistics constitute a loud call to the Church in Western Equatorial Africa clergy and to all church workers to during Bishop Tugwell's episcopate: 1894. 1914. labor to instruct these multitudes in the Native Clergy ……… 17 66 things of God. . . . Let us not aim at Communicants ……… 4,000 15,600 large annual returns, but let us labor in Baptized members ….. 7,500 52,470 teaching and prayer that every candidate Catechumens. . . . . . . . . .. 1,240 21,400 baptized may indeed be born again. . . . Baptisms in the year.. 586 10,935 It is a real danger to the life of a church Scholars …………… 3,080 26,800 to fill it with baptized heathen." The Contributions ……… £3,360 £29,780 total amount contributed by Christians Communities of Christian Adherents THE Rev. H. F. Gane wrote from in the diocese tor religious purposes was Owo recently: "An interesting and £29,779 against £23,343 in the previous distinctly encouraging feature of the year.-Church Missionary Society Ga- work is that in all the small villages zette.

immediately connected with Owo there German Missions in West Africa are now small communities of Chris- T tian adherents, and in most of them HE North German Mission, whose territory in Togo which, in the besimple buildings have been erected for services by the converts themselves. ginning of the war, was an easy prey Members of the Owo church go out for the allied English and French, and Sunday by Sunday to conduct services of whose 17 European workers no less in these places, and I cycle out to one than six were imprisoned in Dahomey, or other of them as often as possible has cause to be very grateful in com- when I am not away visiting other parison to other German Missions in parts of the district. Since our arrival which the colonial war has made great it has only been possible to visit Ipele, devastations. Yet the war has been a

great hindrance. The schools are behavior were allowed to remain at their empty in 97 places, and the number of posts. Several missionaries have been pupils has decreased from 7,311 to 3,311. dismissed from the concentration camps Yet the membership in the churches, so far; from the Hermansburg Mission where 394 were baptized, numbers now all except one, from the Berlin Mission 11,682; 341 more than in the last year. all except two or four. This has been Mission property was not taken away effected, it seems, through the labor of nor destroyed by the events of the war. good Christian circles in England.- The fund for invalids deposited in the Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten. West African Bank, belonging to the native helpers, was not touched. The ISLANDS OF THE SEA missionaries, who were arrested for a short time during November, have rea- The Church of Rome in the Philippines son to hope to be able to remain in Togo during the war. The order given to the H DOnat let the Church at home think missionaries the 21st of January not to that we are facing a decadent, preach in the German or Ewe languages did not hurt the work as was feared at weakened Catholicism," writes Rev. D. first. This order was only for Lome, C. McCallum. "It is a mistake to speak and forbade the missionaries the solemn of the Roman Catholic Church in the sermon from the chancel, but not divine Philippines as decadent, and the ruined service; the native helpers were not churches here and there are not indicatroubled at all. In the interior, preach- tions of its state. Enormous sums of ing in the Ewe language received no Catholic money are being poured into the greater hindrance than that the mission- Philippines, and scores of her most inaries are only allowed to visit out-sta- telligent and capable workers are contions in the district of one day's jour- stantly coming to the islands. Dozens of ney, while the native pastors have full dilapidated buildings are being repaired liberty to go where they please, and their and numerous new buildings are being work has full recognition from the Eng- erected in new communities. Other revlish officials. Industrial conditions in enues are taking the place of the lost Togo are very difficult since the price State revenues, and a far more able and of kako has fallen from 80 to 25 cents. efficient body of workers is taking the -Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten. place of the discredited Spanish friars. Many of the newcomers are able, thor- German Missions in South Africa oughly trained, and possest of much mis- sionary zeal. The Roman Church is C ONCERNING the welfare of the straining every nerve to adjust herself German missionaries in South Af- to the changed conditions, and, one must rica, the authorities have had great appre- confess, with considerable success. The hension since the middle of May. The greatest, most bitter and prolonged brother mission received word from Eng- struggle is yet before us, and it will reland that all their missionaries should quire the highest concentration and the keep themselves ready to be imprisoned richest gifts in men and money." in concentration camps on the 23d of May. Not even the petition of Bishop Episcopal Progress in the Philippines Kalker to remain free to look after the work seemed to be successful. Fortu- THE mission to the Philippine Islands nately these things did not come to pass. which is under the direction of Bish- The German missionaries were not im- op Brent and is supported by the Ameriprisoned, but on the promise of goor! can Episcopal Church, is making solid progress. At Sagada, a station which is 5,000 feet above sea level, in the course of ten years, 1,200 persons, chiefly Igo- rQts, have been baptized. The Rev. J.

1 5] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Staunton and 12 assistants, Americans there were other public exercises, and and Filipinos, are in charge. Among on the 15th, "Centenary Sunday," there the industrial features of the work is the were special services throughout New operation of a great sawmill providing South Wales. A centenary offering of work for hundreds of men, women, and £50,000 is being collected, a per capita children. There are also workshops in gift of about ten dollars a member. which a great variety of tools and tin- The Methodism of Australasia, which ware are manufactured. The girls do began in 1815 with one minister and lace work and weave native fabrics. A 20 members, now reports 1,020 minisprinting-press furnishes all the printing ters, 149,767 members, 260,500 Sundayfor the district. A great stone church is school scholars, and 630,970 attendants in process of erection, as well as a hos- upon its services. pital.-The Mission Field. MISCElLANEOUS War Rumors in Borneo Sunday-School Standard. RHEINISH missionaries tell of wild reports which have spread in Bor- THE fivefold standard suggested by neo because of the war. So it is said the Missionary Department of the that after Germany had been conquered by the English and the French, International Sunday-school Associait asked help from Turkey, which had tion, adequate missionary instruction, been granted under the condition that definite missionary prayer, systematic Germany must become Mohammedan. missionary giving, practical missionary The Emperor immediately accepted Is- activities, enlisting missionary recruits, lam, and the German soldiers had the has been enlarged to a ten-point stanhalf moon sewed on their uniforms. dard, in order to make the work of the In the meantime the real truth has State and County Associations more become known. In general the respect definite in the Missionary Department. of the natives for the white man has A Ten-Point School: (1) A missionary greatly diminished through the war.- superintendent. Instruction – (2) The Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten, Au- United Missionary program; (3) Misgust, 1915. sions in the graded lessons; (4) Mis- sionary exercises and drills. Offerings Australasian Methodilm -(5) Home Mission Boards; (6) For- eign Mission Boards; (7) Union mis- METHODISM in Australia is cele- sionary movements. Service-(8) Com- brating its centenary and .Ameri- munity social service; (9) Surplus matecan Methodism will soon be celebrating rial department; (10) Recruits in prepits sesquicentenary. An English Wes- aration. leyan, the Rev. Samuel Leigh, was the pioneer minister, and he landed at The Influence of the Bible Sydney, August 10, 1815. Since that time Methodist services have never OF the many great religious gatherfailed. August 8th was Preparatory ings which have been held at San Sunday. Tuesday was Centenary Day, Francisco during the present summer, when Dr. W. H. Fitchett, of Mel- one of the most important has been the bourne, preached the commemorative World's Bible Congress, which occurred sermon in the Town Hall of Sydney early in August, at which delegates from -a city of 700,000 people-followt!d by all parts of the world were in attend- "tea meeting" and a demonstration to ance. Figures were given showing that which other conferences sent speak- during the calendar year 1914, more than ers. On Wednesday and Thursday 28,000,000 copies of the Bible or por- tions of the Bible were printed and dis~

tributed, this distribution reaching to cessant fight he waged for nearly half a every corner of the globe. century against those who would cor- rupt and mislead them. Dr. Scudder, of the Arcot Mission, stated in his address that the Bible has Mr. Comstock has died in the midst been translated, in whole or in part, into of his battle against gambling and immore than a hundred Indian dialects, and purity, but the war is to go on. The it is estimated that 250,000,000 of the Society for the Suppression of Vice has people of India have some portion of th<:! appointed as his successor Mr. John S. Scripture in their own language. It IS Sumner, for three years his associate regarded not only by British but by secretary. The offices are at 140 Nassau many Hindu officials as one of the most Street, New York. During Mr. Comimportant aids to the English nation in stock's term of office he has destroyed the government, education, and better- 50 tons of obscene books and 2,500,000 ment of the people; is studied as a text- vile pictures by which the vendors book in a great number of schools and sought to spread moral plague. colleges; is bringing together the conglomerate races into a human fellow- T Rev. G. P. Knapp, of Turkey ship, and by imbuing them with a spirit HE death at Diarbekir, Asiatic Turof humanity is gradually undermining key, of Rev. George Perkuns Knapp, the caste barriers, which have hitherto a missionary of the American Board been one of the greatest obstacles in the for twenty-five years, occurred about way of true human civilization in India. August 10th, but was not known in Amer- ica until October 1St. Mr. Knapp had OBITUARY NOTES been stationed at Bitlis, which, on the withdrawal of the Turkish forces from The Rev. Dr. Thomas S. Barbour Van before the Russian advance, be- came one of the storm centers of the T HE REV. DR. THOMAS S. BAR- war. He was formerly stationed in BOUR, formerly Secretary of the Harput. American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died suddenly at his summer home Many of the missionaries in the intein Stoddard, New Hampshire, on Sep- rior have not been heard from ciirectly tember 28th. Dr. Barbour was highly for two months. honored and much-beloved among Baptists and others who knew him, and was A Two Missionaries in Egypt an efficient missionary secretary. Dur- WOMAN of rare charm and ability ing the last years of his life he was at as a missionary "has recently laid work on a history of the American Bap- down her life in Egypt. Mrs. A. W. tist Foreign Missions. As head of the Pollock who with her husband, were foreign mission work of his denomina- missionaries of the United Presbyterian tion, he became prominent a few years Church, had burned out her life in serago as leader in the movement to put a vice on the mission boat Allegheny. stop to the atrocities in the Kongo. Dr. After thirteen years of devoted service, Barbour was a half-brother of the Rev. she was called Home after an operation Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of for appendicitis. the Rochester Theological Seminary. Rev. Thomas J. Finney, D.D., a mis- Anthony Comstock, of New York sionary in Eygt since 1882, has also re- T HE United States-and, in fact, the cently gone to his reward. Dr. Finney world-can never adequately ac- was editor of the Church papers in knowledge what its youth owe to An- Egypt and was a wise counsellor, a faiththony Comstock for the brave and in- ful friend and successful missionary of Christ.

1m II ttl!

: BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND ………….. ……….. ………./ S5ION LANDS .,…, ……………// 11 South America. Observations and Im- small, and it had not yet developed many pressions. By Hon. James Bryce, LL.D. of the problems and ramifications which 8vo. 611 pp. $2.50, net. The Macmillan now characterize it. The growth has Co. New edition. 1915. been so rapid during recent years that The approach of the Congress on to-day the foreign missionary movement is generally recognized as the vastest en- Christian Work in Latin America, to be terprise of modern Christianity, repreheld at Panama in February, 1916, and senting over 300 missionary societies, the renewed discussion of South Amer- about 25,000 able and highly trained forica which it has developed, justify our eign missionaries, 2,531 educational incalling fresh' attention to this valuable stitutions, ranging from kindergartens volume, which will be one of the great to universities, 1,616 hospitals, a staff of standard works on South America for native workers numbering 130,262, a many years to come. Americans do not communicant membership of 3,167,614, need to be told that the author is one of and a Christian constituency of 7,253,- the most competent men in the world to 836. estimate correctly the character and institutions of a country and people that This immense work is scattered all he studies. His two volumes on the over the non-Christian world, and it and American Commonwealth are the best its related problems are challenging the and wisest accounts of the United States attention of thoughtful men and women that have ever been written. This states- everywhere. The great task of writing man of wide experience, comprehensive the history of this splendid movement knowledge, and sympathetic mind, re- from the beginning down to the present cords in the best literary style his ob- time has been undertaken by Charles servations and impressions of South Henry Robinson, D.D., the well-known America, to which he has added excel- Honorary Canon of Ripon Cathedral, lent notes and maps. We earnestly hope England, and Editorial Secretary of the that not only the delegates to the Pan- Society for the Propagation of the Gosama Congress, but many ministers and pel of the Church of England. His book others in America, who can not attend indicates an almost incredible amount that Congress will read this book. of labor, and it presents a wealth and variety of information which makes it History of Christian Missions. By Rev. not only exceedingly useful but really Charles H. Robinson, D.D. 8vo. 533 indispensable to the missionary student. pp. $2.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1915. John Hus. The Martyr of Bohemia. By A good history of Christian missions, W. N. Schwarze, Ph.D. Illustrated. 12mo. 152 pp. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co. comprehensive in scope and yet reason- 1915. . ably limited in size, is an exceedingly difficult book to write. The very fact The 500th anniversary of the martyrthat it is difficult is indicative of the magnitude which the modern missionary dom of John Hus was widely celebrated. enterprise has attained. A generation ago it was easy to write such a book, for He was a remarkable character, and missionary work was comparatively came of a remarkable people. The story of his life is stirring and full of lessons

for men of to-day. Hus was born in The Progress of Doctrine in the New 1369 in a small village in South Bohemia, and was well educated in the Testament. Considered in eight lectures leading university of the day. His student life, his interest in national ques- preached before the University of Oxtions, his work as a professor and preacher, his literary work, the contro- ford, being the "Bampton Lecture" of versies with the Church of Rome, his de- 1864. By ~homas Dehany Bernard, M.A. nunciation of religious abuses, his condemnation and martyrdom are all de- 12mo. xVI-223, Is., net. Pickering & scribed concisely but graphically and Inglis, Glasgow, 1915. with power. It is a story worth reading, and if it does not inspire to similar mar- Why Four Gospels? By F. D. Van Valtyrdom, it will at least awaken an admiration for this reformer who led the kenburg. Frontispiece. i2mo. 92 pp. revolt from Rome, and will inspire to 'a similar spirit of loyalty to God and His 50 cents. Pentecostal Publishing Co fruth, Louisville, Ky., 1915. ., Comrades in Service. By Margaret E. The Social Teachings of Jesus Christ. Burton. Illustrated. 12mo. 196 pp. 60 cents, net. (Paper, 40 cents.) Mission- A Manual for Bible Classes, Christian ary Education Movement, New York, 1915. Associations, Social StUdy Groups, etc. These brief biographies are unusually By W. Beatty Jennings, D,D. 16mo. 111 interesting stories of men and women pp. 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell who have achieved great success in ser- Co., New York, 1915. vice. They include some well-known names like D. L. Moody, Samuel Crow- A Life at its Best. (College Voluntary ther, Chundra Lela, Jacob Riis, and others less known but worthy of ac- SBtyudRy icChaorudrseHs,enSryecoEnddwaYrdesa ra-nPda rEt thI~)1 quaintance-such as J. A. Burns of Ken- Cutler. 16mo. 145 pp. 50 cents. National Board, Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915. The Maze of the Nations and the Way Out. By Gaius Glenn Atkins. 12mo.

128 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915.

Millard Fillmore. Constructive States- man, Defender of the Constitution Presi- dent of the United States. By William Elliot Griffis, D,D., LH.D. 12mo. 159 pp. Paper, $1.25; cloth, $2.00, net. An- drus & Church, Ithaca, N. Y., 1915. The Credentials of the Cross. By North- cote Deck, M.B., Ch.M. 12mo. 133 pp. Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London, 1915.

Economic Aspects of the War. Neutral Rights, Belligerent Claims, and American Commerce in the Years 1914-1915. By Edwin J. Clapp. 8vo. xiv-340 pp. $1.50, net. Yale University Press, New Haven 1915. '

tucky, Kaji Yajima of Japan, Li Be Cu PAMPHLETS of China, and Frances Coppin, an The One Hundred and Third Annual Re- port of the American Board of Com- American negro. The lives are of varied missioners for Foreign Missions. To- gether with the Minutes of the Meeting interest-some relate to service in the held at Kansas City, Missouri, October 26-28, 1913. Illustrated. 259 pp. Pub- United States, and some abroad; some lished by the Board, Congregational House, Boston, 1915. ,had black skins and some white; some The One Hundred and Fourth Annual passed their days in comparative ob- Report of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. scurity and some in the limelight, but all Together with the Minutes of the Meet- ing held at Detroit, Michigan, October were Godly, hard-working, self-sacrific-, 13-16, 1914. Published by the Board, Congregational House, Boston, 1915. ing, and succeeded in the work they un- Five Hundred Thousand of a Hundred dertook. The life stories are inspiring Million. A Sketch of the Evangelistic Work of the Presbyterian Church in and make a valuable volume for young non-Christian lands, the third of a series of booklets published by the Presbyterian people. Board of Foreign Missions. The others in the senes deal with the educational NEW BOOKS and medical work of the Board. IlIus- trated. 87 pp. Board of Foreign Mis- Childhood in the Moslem World. By sions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, Samuel M. Zwemer, F.R.G.S. Illustrated. Bvo. 274 pp. $2.00, net. Fleming H. 1915. Revell Co., New York, 1915.

Protestant Missionary Directory of In- dia for 1915-1916. Compiled by Jas. In- glis. 12mo. xxx-242 1>P. Scottish Mis- sion Industries Co., Ltd., Ajmer, Raj- putana, India.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1915

f012

MISSIONA~Y FIRES 1. Leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement formerly estimated that 20,000 students would be needed to evangelize the world in this gener- ation. People said this was too large a number to call for, yet 45,000 students from Germany alone have volunteered for the present war. (See page 574.) 2. There are said to be 700,000 gypsies in Europe-not all of them wandering tribes. Very little Christian work is being done among them. In Bul- garia twenty families of gypsies have been formed into an evangelical church, and the whole life of the community has been transformed. (See page 622.) 3. Pope Benedict IX. has put himself on record in a striking way in favor of the reading of the New Testament in the vernacular in the homes of the people. (See page 561.) 4. Seventeen hundred walled cities of China are now, for the first time, open to the Gospel. Fifteen of these cities in Shantung province are to be occupied by graduates of Shantung University, some of whom have given up well-paid Government positions to undertake this Christian work. (See page 589.) 5. Many non-Christians in Japan and in China are being reached with the Gospel through the wise use of space in the daily secular newspapers. (See page 594.) 6. Ten thousand girls are at work in factories in Buenos Aires under very unsatisfactory conditions. The majority are between eleven and eighteen years of age. Child-labor laws are sadly needed in the Ar- gentine Republic. (See page 600.) 7. N estorian Christians in Persia are showing a martyr spirit. One girl of seventeen not only saved her life and her right to remain a Christian, but won praise from the Turkish commander for her course. (See page 563.) 8. Gratitude to the missionary doctor who saved the life of his little son has led an Indian Rajah to erect a fine new building for the hospital at Guntur. (See page 625.) 9. Hindu idols, discarded by native converts, and melted down, formed the material out of which has been cast the church bell in Travancore. (See page 626.) 10. Aeroplanes are being used in missionary warfare as well as on European battlefields. During the recent evangelistic campaign an enterprising Japanese aviator scattered Christian pamphlets over the city of Osaka. (See page 630.) 11. The entire population of an Indian island off British Columbia has become Christian, tho forty years ago the people were head-hunters. (See page 633.)

HENRY W

An El ect Lady in 1fissionary Service (See page 59 7 for sketch o f he .. w<}rk fo r mi ssions) I E IE F THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.8 AUGUST, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No.8 Old Series New Series mSIGNS'W OF'W THEw TIMES i I 1111111 ,1111111 II!; 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIillllllllllllllllllllllili 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,", BIBLES FOR ROMAN CATHOLICS their origin in the fact that the doc- trine and works of Jesus Christ have T HE Society of St. Jerome in been utterly forgotten and men no longer draw from them their inspira- Italy was formed, in 1902, under tion for daily life." the sanction of Leo XIII, and endeavored to secure the wide circu- The Pope went on to say: "We lation of the New Testament in ardently desire that, as a result of Italian. Nearly a million copies of your zeal, you may obtain not only the Gospels and Acts had been scat- an ever larger spread of the Gospels, tered among the people of Italy but also that the holy books may find through this agency, when its work their way into the homes of all Chriswas stopt by the opposition of the tian families, and there may become advisors of Pope Pius X. the evangelical 'piece of silver' dili- gently sought after and jealously The Society was, however, kept kept, so that all the faithful may get secretly alive, and when Benedict accustomed to read the holy Gospels XV. was elected pope, Cardinal Cas- and to comment on them daily, and seta petitioned for new pontifical thus may learn to live in perfect approval. Benedict, in his answer, harmony with God's will." recalled the fact that he himself as a bishop had been one of the foun- Professor Luzzi, the Waldensian ders of the movement. The object leader of Florence, understands the of the society-dissemination of the reference to "comment" on the Bible Scriptures-he pronounced an "aim in the homes of the people as implywhich has, indeed, been useful in all ing an allowable exercise of that ages but is especially adapted to our private judgment on Scripture which times. . . . Experience teaches that the papacy historically tried to supall deviations of present society have The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge' responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-~EDITORS.

press. This is the most significantly effective, except in North Persia, liberal utterance to which a pope has there has been a general upheaval appended his signature in centuries. and spirit of unrest throughout the FREEDOM GAINING IN SPAIN Turkish Empire and Persia. In Palestine, the Jews have been T HE Spanish Government has re- opprest, and thousands have been cently introduced a bill abolish- compelled to flee in poverty, leaving ing the clause that compelled naval families and possessions behind them.

officers to attend the Roman Catholic 1t is a reversal of the Exodus, for Mass of the Holy Spirit, if by so now the Jews are forced to flee- doing they violated their consciences. sometimes five thousand on a single The bill was subsequently withdrawn, steamer-and are finding a refuge in but will no doubt be again introduced Egypt. There is persistent talk of at a later date. Palestine being made a Jewish state after the war is over-if so, it will A Spanish evangelical Christian not long ago left a large sum of be a clear fulfilment of prophecy. money to build a fine church in The British and French mission- Madrid. This has now been com- aries in Palestine have, for the most pleted and opened for Protestant part, been expelled, but American worship. In Sabadell the church missions are t1l1molested, and have under the direction of Bishop Cabrera proved a haven of refuge for many. has also acquired a magnificent center Van, in Eastern Turkey, was long for its work, which will give it a besieged by the Kurds, but has regood church, excellent schools, and a cently been relieved by the Russians, residence for its minister. More than and now the Christian missionaries 250 pupils attend the schools, a hun- are calling for relief for the sufferdred communicants are on its roll, ing Moslems there. Letters from all and a Christian Endeavor Society is over Turkey speak of great distress an active aid to recruiting the con- and of the need of relief for sick gregation. The Rev. Franklyn Smith, and wounded, orphans and widows. the Wesleyan minister in Barcelona, Am.bassador Morgenthau has cabled: reports many signs of progress and "All stations begging relief funds. a great change of public opinion to- Some say starvation is threatened. ward the vigorous educational and Please help quickly." evangelical movements under his charge. There have been threats of mas- sacres of Armenians, not only in Van IN TURKISH BATTLE FIELDS but in Aintab, Zeitoun, Marash, and elsewhere, but these have been avert- W BILE many of the mission ed through the prompt action of fields in Africa and Asia, and Turkish officials and foreign repre- even in South America, have been sentatives. In the midst of danger, seriously affected by the great war, turmoil, and suffering most of the those that will probably most per- American missionaries have remained manently feel the results are the mis- at their posts. It is reported that sions in Moslem lands. While the Ohristian families from Marash are Jihad, or "Holy War," has not been being deported south into the Mosul-

OF THE

Bagdad region of Turkish Arabia. urgent need for at least $50,000 more Armenians and Greeks in the Vilavets of Erzerum, Va-n, Bitlis, Diar- for the relief of the despoiled and bekir, Harput, Sivas, and Adana are suffering Christians. also said to nave been pitilessly evicted by thousands, while their prop- In U rumia the death of Mrs. Mcerty has been confiscated, and they Dowell and Mrs. Shedd was folhave' been driven away to die of lowed by the very serious illness starvation. This will mean the crush- from typhoid of Dr. Packard, Mrs. ing of the educated Christian popu- Cochran, Dr. Coan, Mrs. Coan, lation, and will menace the noble Misses Lewis, Schoebel, Lamone, work of the American mission. and Bertha Shedd. Most of these missionaries were, however, on the The crisis in Moslem lands can not road to recovery. Mr. Labaree concontinue indefinitely, and when the tinues : power of Turkey is finally broken and the last strong Moslem govern- "There are no funds to help these ment falls, it is likely to affect the people, and thousands are looking to temporal condition of all Moslem us for bread. We have done all we peoples. The time may then be at could, and if our efforts fail we can hand when new opportunities will only wait and see them die of discome for the preaching of the Gospel ease and starvation unless God finds of Christ throughout the Mohamme- some other way of helping them." dan world, and when those who have feared to confess their faith in Him In the college compound at Urumia will see the impotence of Moham- six hundred Christian refugees died med, will remember the loving and and many more in the city and disself-sacrificing service of Christian trict. Many incidents of heroism on missionaries, and will turn to Him the part of the Christians show that who is the Light of Life and the only these Nestorian Christians have the Savior of the world. spirit of martyrs. One Christian girl of seventeen who remained in WORD FROM PERSIA Salmas with her old father, saw him killed by the 'Kurds, and escaped only THE Rev. Robert M. Labaree, of by shooting the horse from under her the Presbyterian Board, wrote on pursuer. The Moslems tried to bribe her to become a Moslem, but May 6th last that he had arrived she refused, and threatened to kill safe at home in Tabriz, after a sud- herself if any attempt was made to den and exciting departure from Sal- compel her to change her faith. The mas. An overwhelming force of Turkish commander at Dilman final- Turks and Kurds attacked the place, ly sent for her, saying she was braver and Mr. Labaree, in endeavoring to than any of his soldiers. She found negotiate terms of peace, was nearly a refuge with the Karguzar until the caught between two firing lines. return of the Russians. Many Mos- lems in various villages did their best In Persia, the reign of terror seems to hide and save their Christian to have passed, since the Russians neighbors from the cruel Kurds. It again occupied U rumia. But the is not surprizing that some of the distress still continues, and there is Nestorians could not resist the temp-

tation to turn Moslems, but most of baptism has had to be withheld in them chose death in preference. In some places because there were not larger districts of Northern Persia enough workers to train the inquir- the Christians have practically been ers. In the United Provinces, par- obliterated-nay, rather, they are like ticularly in the districts around Mee- grains of wheat that have fallen into rut and Aligarh, village after vil- the ground and have died, but will lage is asking for teachers, amI ba- thereby bring forth much fruit. zar and village preaching has had to be stopt at Aligarh, as all the SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN SIAM workers were needed to instruct con- verts. Church Missionary Society T HERE has been a revival of workers say that with increased ef- forts a mass movement of the whole Buddhism in Siam. The King race of the Santals might result, but says that a man without religion is with the present staff no forward but little better than a beast, without movement is possible. There is a sim- a soul; and Buddhism is his religion ilar hopefulness in the Gond mission. and that of his people. On all sides there is much more devotion to Bud- The one solution of the mass dhism among all classes of people movement problem lies in the train- than formerly. Work along all edu- ing of a greater force of Indian cational lines in Siam has greatly ad- workers. How would Christianity vanced. A very large tract of land flourish in rural England or Ameri- east of the city of Bangkok has been ca if 90 per cent. of the people were selected, and preparations are rapidly wholly illiterate, and there were no being made to establish a University resident clergymen in fully 90 per for Siam. Schools for girls are being cent. of the villages containing Chris- opened in all provinces, and super- tians? intendents for schools have been ap- pointed. The mission schools (Pres- "EFFICIENCY METHODS" IN CHINA byterian) have also been more full of pupils than ever. Several missionary HE FFICIENCY" is a byword of teachers took part, last September, in the Conference of Christian Workers, the present day. It has be- held in Bangkok. For the first time come almost a "fad," but the defi- a Siamese chairman was elected, and nition and standard of efficiency is he conducted the meetings with ease not universally acknowledged. In and dignity. recent years many improved methods have been introduced into mission PROBLEMS OF MASS MOVEMENTS work both at home and abroad. On IN INDIA the foreign field missIOnaries are working for better organization, and T HE mass movement in India is toward giving the native church a larger share of responsibility. In still a very urgent problem before the North China Mission of the the Christian Church. In the Pan- American Board, for example, where o jab the gathering in of thousands is all questions had heretofore been in hindered only by lack of workers. In the hands of foreigners, the annual Western India, among the Mahars, meeting last year changed the rule

and formed a Chinese and foreign tions-all working independently, but organization. more or less closely associated with the various denominations. With a The Station Association consists of view to bringing about closer coall foreigners with proper language operation between these societies, the qualifications, ·Chinese who have had Federal Churches of Christ in Ameritheological training and others, both ca called a conference of leaders to men and women, elected by the meet in Atlantic City on June 4th. churches. The principal committees The following organizations respondare evangelistic, medical and educa- ed: tional, with executive and business committees made fr0111 members, The International Sunday-School Asboth foreign and Chinese. sociation.

"One feels sure," says a mission- Sunday-School Council of Evangeliary, "that every bit of capital in- cal Denominations. vested now, of money or time or thought or prayer, is going to bring Internatiomi.l Committee Y. M. C. A. big dividends." Nationa1 Board of the Y. W. C. A. United Society of Christian Endeavor. NEW PENTECOSTS IN KOREA Epworth League. Baptist Young People's Union. REPORTS that have been coming Brotherhood of Saint Andrew. from various centers indicate Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip. Denominational Brotherhoods. that Korea is being blest with an- Brotherhood Bible Class Movements. other great revival such as it had in Laymen's Missionary Movement. ICjo6-1907. The beginnings of the Missionary Education Movement. work in Seoul have already been de- Home Missions Council. scribed (p. 326, May). The revival Woman's Council for Home Missions. has set the whole city on fire. In Religious Press Association. Pyeng-Yang the revival followed a Local and State Federations. Bible class for Christians. Rev. Wm. Blair writes: "Counting the local The theme of the entire confer- Christians, a total of over twelve ence was the possibilities of an adhundred organized workers took part vance step in "working together in the campaign, and the best thing among the Christian forces in Ameriabout it all is that the men from the ca." Mr. Fred B. Smith was selected country went back to their local as chairman, and a commission on churches so enthused that we are inter-church activities was appointed. now having repetitions of the Pyeng- The one hundred men and women Yang meetings on a smaller scale III present as delegates constitute aggresevery direction." sive leaders actually engaged in the fields of labor they represent. The INTERCHURCH ACTIVITIES commission is to call a conference of leaders some time during the year to THERE are in the United States outline a program for fuller and more of America fifteen or more inter- effective cooperation.

denominational religious organiza- "He who has said 'Our Father' is either a missionary or a hypocrite"

EVENTS

August July 28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movt. Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. July 30th to Aug. 8th-Woman's Summer Schools of Miss., New Concord, O. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Old Orchard Beach, Me. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church in U. S. Missionary Can£., Mt. Gretna, Pa. 1st to 3d-World's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal. 3d to 8th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Okoboji, Arnold's Park, Ia. 4th to 8th-Missionary Education Movement' Conference, Lake Geneva, Wis. 6th to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lorima, Wis. 8th to 15th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. 8th-United Presbyterian Mission established in India, 1865. 13th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Wooster, Ohio. 20th-The 80th anniversary of the founding of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of Protestant Episcopal Church. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chatauqua, N. Y.

September 2d to 5th-International Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical As- sociation Convention, Marion, Ohio.

9th-The 75th anniversary of the death of Ko-thah-byu, Burma, 1840.

October 7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Chicago, Ill. 17th to 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Buffalo, N. Y. 19th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Detroit, Mich. 21st to 27th-National Congregational Council, New Haven, Conn. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Chicago, Ill. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Pueblo, Colo. 25th-American Missionary Association Conference, New Haven, Conn. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Con£., Pittsburgh, Pa. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Denver, Colo. 28th-Tenth anniversary, martyrdom of Eleanor Chestnut, China, 1905. 31st to Nov. 3d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Topeka, Kan.

November 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Baltimore, Md. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th to lOth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conference, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conf., Milwaukee, Wis.

Message of the Hour*

BY JOHN R. MaTT, LL.D., NEW YORK Chairman Continuation Committee of the Vorld's Missionary Conference LTHO I have been go- other day I read a new book called "France Herself Again." The Ro- IAl ing to Europe each man Catholic writer seeks to bring year for twenty-five out the fact that in recent years years (with the excep- France has reverted to her best type. tion of one year), I have never known Eu- Instead of that old volatile, emo- rope until my recent visit. You can tional, talkative and changeable not know a nation, as you can not France, one finds to-day a France know an individual, until that nation characterized by poise, by quietness, has been subjected to impossible by great firmness of purpose. The strain; then one becomes acquainted same is true of the other nations. with the weaknesses of a nation as well as with its strength. When a 3. Then in each country the peo- people are not thinking of how they ple seem CONFIDENT as to the ultiare appearing or what they are say- mate outcome. Even the Belgian ing, you see that people as they are. refugee, swept out of his borders in A few months ago I was permitted the darkest hour of the history of to enter into fellowship with the suf- his people, had no mental reserva- ferings of these wonderful peoples tions whatever as to the .ultimate of Europe. triumph of his cause.

Recent Impressions of Europe 4. Then it was very interesting to notice how each country is trying to 1. Each of these countries now at justify its position before the rest of the world. This war is not an indiwar is apparently PERFECTLY UNITED. cation of the breakdown of the Christian religion. Wha't event have There are rifts in each one beneath we had in the history of the world which has shown so fully that Christhe surface, but they are not appar- tianity has been getting in its work of education and of quickened conent. Take France, for example. sciences, so that every people in this great struggle seem to be uncomfort- How strange it seems to find Prot- able unless they can make clear the righteousness of their cause. estants, Roman Catholics, Jews, and War and Religion Agnostics fused together in a com- 5. Each country looks upon this mon patriotism and devotion. In as a "HOLY WAR." I think that the Germany, too, we find such extremes Russians are the most religious peo- ple in the world in the sense of reas the Social Democrats and the ultra autocratic section of the government, have blended their ·differences In a common central purpose.

2. I received the impression, also, that the people in each country are THOROUGHLY DETERMINED. The • The substance of an address deliYered at tbe Laymen's Missionary Convention of the Southern Preshyterian Church, Charlotte, :,. C, February 16, 1915.

sponsiveness to religion and its emo- Thy love, for Thou hast given us all tional manifestations. The Russians things; are literally going in this war from their knees. The following are a few "Grant this, 0 Lord." extracts from a Litany now in use 6. Hitherto, I have been imprest among the Russian Orthodox church- by the fact that in France the edues, not only in Holy Russia, but even cated class, and the most virile and in Siberia: purposeful men of that class, were indifferent or hostile to religion. "Fight with those that fight, and pro- This year, wherever I went I found tect the sailor, defend the widows, shield churches and chapels and cathedrals the orphans, succor the wounded, heal crowded to suffocation, not only the sick; with women, but with the men who had not actually gone to the front. "Grant this, 0 Lord. In Germany, too, I think I never "Remember all those, the brave and found greater religious devotion the true, who have died the death of than in this year. The churches are honor, and have departed in the hope of filled, not only on Sundays but on the resurrection to eternal life, in that week-days as well, and no regiment place of light where sorrow and mourn- goes forward without partaking of ing are far banished; give them rest, 0 the Holy Sacrament. The song that Lord, thou lover of man; I heard sung most by the soldiers "Grant this, 0 Lord. was not "Die vVacht Am Rhein," or "Stretch forth Thy hand from on high "Deutschland Ueber Alles," but the and touch the hearts of our enemies, that Luther hymn, "Ein Feste Burg." they may turn unto Thee, the God of They kept repeating the second peace, Who lovest Thy creatures; and verse: for Thy Name's sake strengthen us who put our trust in Thee; and by Thy might "Did we in our own selves confide, hear us who beseech Thee; and have Our strivings would be losing, mercy, Lord, have mercy." Were not the right Man on our side, The Man of God's own choosing. Notice this-it meant much more Dost ask who this may be? to me after I saw the awful suffer- Christ Jesus it is He, ing of the horses: Lord Sabaoth is His name, From age to age the same, "And for those also, 0 Lord, the dumb And He must win the battle." beasts who with us bear the burden and heat of the day and offer their guileless I was talking with an English sollives for the well-being of their country; dier who had been invalided home. we supplicate Thy great tenderness of He was an earnest Christian, and heart, for Thou dost promise to save said to me, "It was awfully hard to both man and beast, and great is Thy turn the machine-guns on a regiment loving kindness, 0 Master, Savior of the of Germans when we heard the famiworld. liar strains of the Luther hymn."

"Lord, have mercy. In England and Scotland I found "Bless by Thy spring, the crown of the spirit of religious awakening also the present year; stay the hinderers markedly manifest. There is a reof justice; restrain the raging of the na- vival of religion all over Europe totions; and accept us all in Thy kingdom; "Make us sons of the light and sons of the day, and bestow on us Thy peace and

MESSAGE OF THE

day. I would characterize it as an the out-of-the-way recesses of Scot- Old Testament revival-one toward land and Wales. In Germany, even the God of Battles or the Lord of on that one journey I passed over Hosts-as contrasted with a revival 200,000 soldiers being moved to the toward our Lord Jesus Christ. But western border. It reminded me of discerning leaders in these countries that word of Bismarck, as he looked recognize the danger, and are seek- down to the time when Germany ing to carry this religious movement would have enemies on both fronts; over into a spiritual experience. he said, "Then we will have three 7. There is a great underswell of armies-one on the east, one on the REFORM sweeping over the European west, and one on the railways."

nations to-day. Take, for example, In France, the battle front, that the abolition of the production and vast arch of fire and blood, reached sale of vodka, the most damaging 360 miles from the English Channel of all liquors, in Russia. A few to the Swiss Mountains. I saw the years ago, that great Russian 'states- gigantic proportions of the struggle man, Witte, gathered under the con- that has summoned to the colors of trol of the government all the pro- all these belligerent nations over 20,- duction and sale of vodka, and from 000,000 men. If you add nearly that income financed the Japanese- 4,000,000 more who have been mobi- Russian war. To-day, when all the lized in Italy, the Balkan States, other European nations are scraping Switzerland, Holland, and the Scan- together all the money they can get, dinavian group, a gigantic force Russia, by one stroke, has done away stands out before you.

with an annual income of $35°,000,- It is a COSTLY wAR. From the 000 gold. This abolition obtains not first of this war, the average expense alone in cities where troops are con- per day for military and naval pur- ,centrated, but in hundreds of thou- poses has been over $37,000,000 gold sands of villages, stretching away out -some say over $5°,000,000. That even into Siberia. is the smallest part of it. Add the In Paris, on the day that war was awful work of demolition in Nor- declared, the Prefect of Police in one thern France, Belgium, Galicia, Po- day abolished the sale of absinthe. land, and East Prussia, and we get a His lead was followed by the other better idea of the great price that is prefects, and a friend said to me: being paid. Then nearly all the ar- "Now you can not buy absinthe mies of Europe, with the exception from one end of France to the of England, are conscriptive, so that other." not enly the peasants and low-paid A Colo••al ConOict individuals must go, but bankers, 8. Of course, the COLOSSAL DI- heads of corporations and companies, MENSIONS of this struggle impress lawyers, doctors, statesmen, profes- me. The British Isles are a vast sors, all high-paid labor, and others, armed camp, soldiers drilling not are summoned to the ranks. By this only in the parks and open spaces of process the' constructive works of the the great cities, but even in the nations are tied up at tremendous peaceful university retreats and in cost. Think, too, of the steamship

lines, like the Hamburg-American, and causes them to start in the night that now has marooned over 430 –that 'pain of the wives and mothers ships. and children. As' I was walking along one of the streets of Berlin Suffering Europe with some of the leaders of the Christian Student Movement, we 9. Then consider the SUFFERING. passed the Christian College where Remember what it costs to produce a one great general was once Proman and to keep him up to the time fessor of Mathematics. My friend that he is shot down, and you begin led me up into a large room. My to see what this war costs economi- eye instantly caught the sign, "Walk cally-not only economically, but softly, speak softly." On the long in the million men shot down! Can side of the room was an alphabetical we comprehend that? I began to take arrangement where a person could it in when going from one house of go up and present a certain number tears to another all the while I was and receive any information they in Europe. A good friend in Ger- might have. Many were waiting many said that already thirty-one of their turn, and I was imprest not by his family and relatives had gone to cries and sobs, but to see women go the war. He had just let his only forward alone or with little children son, a boy of sixteen, go two weeks tugging at their skirts, and then to before. Already nine of the thirty- come away without saying anything, one had been killed or seriously and pass out silently. The truth .wounded. In London, Lord Balfour began to break in on me-the sufferof Burleigh, as I was having ing Europe! breakfast with him, received a letter of condolence from Arthur A medical missionary just back Balfour, the statesman, on account from China, told me of a young of the death of his eldest son in bat- wife who went down to say goodtle. Thus it was all over Europe. by to her husband as he joined his Over 3,000,000 had been wounded troop-train. She kept up splendid before I left Europe. The number is courage, but as the train moved out much greater now. of the great station, she fell dead on the platform. I repeat it-it is a One man reported that while he was suffering Europe! It is stretched on in Belgium in eight days he counted a cross! 151 railway trains, averaging 20 railway carriages each-that is, over An UlUlel&.h Europe 3,000 railway carriages-all filled with the German wounded. It re- 10. Thank God, it is also AN UNminds me of rivers of pain. When SELFISH EUROPE. When I called on I visited the French hospitals, I saw our Ambassador in London and the little rivulets of pain trickling asked his advice on a certain deliout. It is a suffering Europe. It is cate point that involved my approachstretched on a cross! ing some people on the continent who would be absolute strangers to me, But that is ·not the principal suf.- I said to him: fering. The principal suffering is that dull pain, that ceaseless pain, "Would it not seem presumptuous that /ieems to become subconscious for me, an absolute stranger, to ask

MESSAGE OF THE HOUR 57!

those men to help me in this thing?" ing. I am concerned lest in this "Oh, no," he said, "you will not tragic hour we do not enter into find a selfish man in Europe." I fellowship with the sufferings of the found it true, for in all those European peoples and the Asiatic crowded months, I did not find a peoples, and with our Lord Jesus selfish man or a selfish woman in Christ. He is suffering, He is being Europe-that is a new Europe. Ii crucified afresh, if ever since the day is something new in the world. Hol- of Calvary.

land has six millions of Dutch My Three Objectives people, but two days after the fall ,of Antwerp-think of it-they had I went to Europe for three pur- taken in two million Belgian refu- poses. First to study what is being gees! I saw. peasants bringing in done and what ought to be done for great brass milk cans filled with , the soldiers from the point of view milk, with clusters of cups, and put of Jesus Christ-that is, in the way them down at the railway stations of supplementing the valuable work and at little sub-stations in the city, of the Red Cross. We have be~a that the refugees might have their instrumental in setting in motion milk without buying. Altho the many practical measures to minister Dutch in their frugality had begun to these twenty millions and more of to mix their white bread with potato men in the armies, men in the camps.

meal and rice, the peasants out of in the trenches, and in the fortresses, their poverty were bringing in heaps in hospitals and in prisons.

of loaves and putting them down My second object was to study for the refugees, without price. the effect of this war upon the uni..

Dutch families took in from one to versities-that is, the great centers fourteen refugees each. The leader of influence, because, if we are to of one of the missionary societies have a new Europe, we must have a in Rotterdam took me to one of new leadership of that Europe. I their theaters that would hold 3,000 therefore wanted to study the feel- people. They had taken out all the ing of the professors and students, seats, and scattered straw gr hay the remnant that remain, and especi..

all over the floor, and at ten o'clock ally the effect of the war on the at night I saw many Belgian fami- Christian Student Movement in each lies, and that pathetic sight-the of these nations.

•orenme npalnact e.of families-2,000 in this The third obj ect of my going Little Holland is helping was to study the result of this war to bear the burden and saying noth- upon the foreign missionary work of ing about it. the churches of the Protestant world.

vVe see the suffering in Belgium As Chairman of the Continuation out of perspective. There is even Committee of the World's Mission- worse need in Poland and much ary Conference of Edinburgh I felt worse in Galicia, and quite as bad it l11(Y duty to confer with the lead- in Turkey. My fear is that we in ers of the missionary societies of America will fall short of bearing both sides in this great struggle and • our share in this burden of suffer- to place myself at their ·service. The

Protestant missionary operations of this in the world, going forward to the British Isles involve an expendi- their death. ture of $IO,<XlO,<XlO a year, and those of the continent of Europe an ex- We are depleting the nations not penditure of $4,600,<XlO a year. That only of money and of masses of men, is a vast stake. I spent long days but we are depleting them of leaders. with the administrations in charge of A vast and 'disproportionately large all these Protestant societies in each number of officers of the British of the countries and brought in Army have been killed in this war. leaders of the societies in the neutral Every Oxford and Cambridge stu- countries, such as Norway, Sweden, dent who enters, enters as an officer, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland, Hol- and already two-thirds of the stu- land. I came to this conclusion- dents of Oxford and Cambridge have that if this war does not last over gone into the Army. The other third a year the British societies will not were largely in training. How we require any outside financial he'p; shall miss these leaders! but already the missionary societies of France and Germany are in des- 2. This war has blotted out some perate need. The societies of HoI- of the finest mission work in the land and Switzerland are also in world. Station after station has had actual want. to be abandoned. How much of the mission work has had to be stopt! The Effect of the War on Mi..ions Hundreds of hospitals and dispen- saries have had to be either closed 1. One effect comes from the de- or abridged in their operations, and pleting of these nations. You can thousands of mission schools have not spend money. as those countries had to be closed. The "message of are spending on military and naval the hour'" is to remind ourselves of expenses alone-twice as much each the most tragic fact known in our day as all the Protestant societies in time and its bearing on the expand- the world are spending each year on ing kingdom. foreign missions – without sapping the missionary possibilities of the 3. Many advance movements have Christian nations. Moreover, you had to be halted, and in the last can not mow men down with ma- chine guns as you mow down wheat, mom~ut of the history of the world . without cutting into the missionary operations of this generation and the when we would wish to have them next. It is a sad sight to see this halted. This is the time we ought generation .of men being shot to to be advancing. It is not a time to pieces. I went into a private ward call upon· the missionary societies to 'in France to call on an officer who stop expansion. I would not be had ninety-seven wounds. It brought sane if I tried to give the impression tears to my eyes in Germany and that this is not an adverse result of France, England and Scotland to see this war. the finest young men, that can be very poorly spared at a time like 4. The faith of many Christians has been confused by the war; not only in America but in Asia. A letter from Japan, signed by six of the best educated Christian leaders in that country reads:

MESSAGE OF THE HOUR

"The effects of the conflict are already been making in the four or five very great, even in this country, Japan. years since Edinburgh! What prom- Japanese Christians are very sorry to ise there was 1 N ow think of the see such a war among European coun- bitterness among some who are now tries which we are accustomed to think forfeiting their future spiritual of as Christian nations. leadership, giving way to language they would not use if they reflected "Does Christianity have no power to that it is not given by Jesus, who control the nations that are known as teaches love of enemies. Christians? Is it not possible to make peace by uniting Christian hearts throughout the world? Is it because Some Beneficial Results Christianity is not united enough that at present it is at war? Is it not a re- But on the other hand think of proach to Christianity that it has no the favorable considerations, not of power to avoid the present war? this war, but the achievements God is making possible at this time. "Under present conditions there.seems to be no one who can say, 'Put up thy I. This struggle has revealed as sword into thy sheath, for they that take nothing else could have done the the sword shall perish by the sword.' strength of the world-wide mission- We are eagerly hoping that some demon- stration or some movement. may be ary movement. The missionary move- started in Europe or America on the part ment and the Christian Student of Christians to remove this condition of Movement are the only movements international war. We Christians can which have preserved their solidarity, not stand still and see such barbarous and the leaders of which, on both murder of other Christians in this Chris- sides in this terrible struggle, have tian century Asking your consideration, entered into an agreement not to emwith earnest prayer." barass one another by asking for im- That is not an easy letter to an- possible audible or visible coopera- swer, but it is typical of not a few tion. The moment this nightmare is that have come from different parts behind them, they will go forward of Asia. The serious thing is that together in the common constructive we have not a sufficient number of work of the world. I have seen the missionaries and discerning native greatest miracle the world has ever leaders stationed all over Asia to seen. It is the one that the enemies help these people distinguish between of Christianity had in mind in the pure Christianity and so-called civil- early days of Christianity when they ization, between fo.rmal Christianity could explain everything else except and vital Christianity, and to remind "how these Christians love one an- them that what is now taking place other !" I know not simply individ- in the world is not caused by Jesus uals here and there, but hundreds of Christ but by the lack of Jesus' people who behind each others backs Christ. on both sides of this tragic turmoil 5. Another adverse result is the are showing by their prayers and by maiming of that wondrous inter- their deeds and by their silence, their national Christian unity which has love for one another. How many been coming apace, notably since meetings of intercession I have en- Edinburgh. What progress we had gaged in in these last few months, in

which I have heard English and drifting! What might not the mis- Scotch praying for the Germans, and sionary movement on both sides of Germans pouring out their hearts for the Atlantic have done in drawing their brothers in this missionary down the strands of international work and the student movement. If friendship, in magnifying the good I had no other evidences of Chris- points of rival nations, in binding tianity I have had enough new evi- together the people in common enter- dences brought into my experience in prise.

these last months to convince me Capacity for Vicarious Suffering that Jesus Christ not only was, but 5. This war has revealed capaci- is the Savior of the world. He not ties for vicariousness-great latent only commands that we love our capacities for suffering and sacrifice enemies, but !;Ie makes it possible. of which we little dreamed. I have No other religion has ever done it. been criticized for advocating "The 2. This war is demonstrating not evangelization of the world in this only the strength but the helpfulness generatjon." By thjs 1 mean, not the of the missionary movement. I wish conversion of the world, because that that we in America were where we will obviously take centuries, but could get a more vivid impression of giving everybody who is now living the awful suffering, of the impossible an adequate opportunity to know the burdens, that we might likewise be- living Christ. I estimated it would come uncomfortable and unselfish. take at least 20,000 of the strongest The reasoning of Christians when students of the "United States, Can- they stop to think is that now while ada, Great Britain, Germany and hundreds of thousands are laying other continental countries, a peri:)d down their lives, and millions are of thirty years, and the college pro- stretched on beds of pain, they feel fessors and some others said that it uncomfortable unless they are doing would be too great a strain on the something to bring relief. home base to send out 20,000 addi- 3. This war ha~ revealed the ne- tional missionaries from the colleges, cessity of the world-wide missionary under our regular boards, in a period and student movements. Happily this of thirty years, from all Protestant war will differ from all which have Christendom. I will never let off preceded it in this respect, that it the colleges as easily in the future.

will not be followed by forty years In the University of Toronto, and of revenge, like the Franco-Prussian Queen's University, and McGill Uni- war. The moment the war is over, versity, with 1,500 to 3,000 students· the international Christian structure in each, over one-half the students will arch over and these peoples will have volunteered and the rest were go forward in Christ's name. Ithinking of doing so. In England, 4. This war is revealing our short- 56 per cent. of the students had comings, and that is always a good volunteered, and 66 per cent. of the tiling. This reflection is with me by members of the college Y. M. C. A.'s, day and by night-what mjght we and 90 per cent. of the officers of not have done had we realized the the Y. M. C. A. I received a letter rocks toward which the nations were a week ago froni Hungary-just

think of this-saying that all the the Christians of Europe. Tbe dross students in the six Protestant Cal- is being burned out, and what is vinist Theological Seminaries have left is gold and precious stones. And volun,teered either as chaplains or as the fire is not only purifying faith, it soldiers, doing even more than the is simplifying faith. The Christians Roman Catholi~s in that Roman in Europe do not believe so many Catholic dual monarchy. A friend things as they did a few months ago, sent me a book from Germany that but the things they believe, they do had been prepared from composite believe. They are the things that addresses of leading professors and hold people in the crises, when they ministers, and stated: "We have sent come to face machine guns and live this book to 45,000 German students day and night under incessant shell in the trenches." In Paris, where fire. When it comes to saying good-by usually there are r8,000 students in forever to those that are dearest to the Latin Quarter-and yet I couldn't us, and have the long wait at home, get but seventy-four to volunteer for people cast around to see what there mission work-I found that thousands is in their creed that holds, and they had volunteered in this war. In find that faith has centered on a view of these facts I say; I will Person. In those dark trenches faith never again make such small de- takes on the form of linking to a Permands upon the students. I here and sonality, even am Lord Jesus Christ. now call upon Christian students to face this world-wide opportunity. 8. This war is deepening acquaint- May something of the spirit of de- ance ~ith God. N ever have I found votion which is leading these men to people studying the Bible as they are go on to the service of their nation, this year. Never have I found lead us in the colleges to go in the people praying as this year. Never spirit of Christ the King. have I found people studying God's Providence as this year. What in- 6. The work ought to have more finite gain that they have God, that money. Have you ever reflected that their eyes are in the right direction, most of the great ~issionary societies looking to the Source, to the hills of Europe began in war 'times, the whence alone cometh our help. We church missionary societies, too, in need to discover this God ourselves. the world, with an income of over $2,000,000 a year, the Wesleyan, the Unparalleled Opportunity Baptist, the London, the British and Foreign Bible Society, the progeni- 9. Again I want to remind you of tors of the two Scottish societies, the the unparalleled opportunity for Religious Tract Society, everyone evangelization. The work of the of them began in the Napoleonic Y. M. C. A. among the millions of wars. The men should rise up etl- soldiers is beyond all praise. In the masse and make possible missionary history of the British Isles, never expansion. At a time like this, have strong men had Christ so Europe can not expand. America preached to them as He is being must not be found wanting. preached in those seven hundred camps. Theological seminaries are 7. This war is trying the faith of sending their students and professors into th~e camps, giving ten days of sian, it has riveted attention where time, and then going back to the we want to see it riveted. The semmanes. It doesn't trouble them world is now ready to think about to mix Calvinism and Arminianism. One who is the same yesterday, to- There is the opportunity for evan- day, and forever. gelization .not only in the camps but in the trenches. In Germany, I was ro. We now have an unparalleled told, "'vVe spend every waking hour opportunity for reconstruction. What writing letters to the men in the does foreign missions mean? In a trenches.· We urge them to be true sense it means the reconstruction of to Christ, and we search our Bibles the world by the living Christ. In with sole reference to feeding their previous years we have faced a spiritual lives, and we urge each plastic Far East. To-day we face German student who is a Christian not only a plastic Far East but ~ in the trenches or back in the re- much more plastic Africa as a result serves, to gather around him other of what is now happening in Turkey; German soldiers and have Bible read- and a much more plastic Near East, ings and hymns and prayer." In even including Russia. Europe itself France the men had gone, and we is in the melting-pot. The world had to fall back on the French over, old things are passing away; wom.en students, and now eveIry two all things may become new, but we weeks those French women students will not drift into new things. It prepare a mimeographed letter and will not be a work of magic. As send it to every French student in our faith is, so will it be unto us. the trenches. There is nothing we can not do now and after tfi'ls war if we have the Christ is being preached under the requisite faith. The nations now at most awful circumstances, not only war will come out of this struggle, in 'the trenches, but in the hospitals. even if it ends within two months, Over three millions, that IS more exhausted, depleted financially, ecothan we have ever had lined up nomically, ph)Tsically, one must add, against each other in any previous and exhausted will they be in faith war-there they are on their beds and hope and courage. If American of pain, or in prison. Had you heard Christians, under the touch of the that there are over 2,700,000 military martial cry, will rise in their strength prisoners? I am now trying to get and travel Christ's path, what may Americans who can speak German we not do? to work among the' German prisoners, and Germans who speak In Conclusion French among the German prisoners in France. I have not yet seen my My last word is this: While whole way through to the Russian problem. nations are stretched upon a Calvary cross, how incongruous it would be There has never been a moment for anyone to go out to live a selfish like this for pressing the claims of life! Let us rather place ourselves the living Christ. This very trag- and all we possess or may ever edy in Europe has led the world to possess at our Lord's disposal, hencethink, and by a process of exclu- forth to do His will and not our own-cost what it may!

A N T c

'"",8.

.'.i MAP OF PORTO RICO I BB EA N s t L………J 10 I::; to THE DIVISION OF MISSION FIELDS IN paino RICO 1, 1. Presbyterian (also San Juan) 4. Congregational i. Lutheran 2, 2. Methodist 5. United Brethren 8. Christian Alliance 3, 3. Baptist 6. Christian Church 9. Chmch of Christ To-day In Porto Rico BY J. ERNEST MCAFEE) NEW YORK Secretary of- the Presbyterian Bo'ard of Home Missions FFAIRS move rapidly There never was a full-bodied re- volution m Porto Rico. On one mA in Porto Rico. There occasion in dim history there was a is no considerable sec- slight outbreak, which the presence tion of the hemisphere of a few Spanish soldiers promptly where fifteen years discredited and dissipated. The have wrought such people have never been riotous nor profound changes as in this small rebellious. Indeed, some have been island. At no point has American inclined to belittle the Porto Rican enterprise and altruistic endeavor character because it did not show itmore completely vindicated itself: self sufficiently aggressive to rebel against the oppression of the Spanish As a rule, people do not fancy overlord. being arbitrarily reformed. Much altruism is thrust down the throats It is, therefore, perhaps not enof unwilling patients. The Porto tirely to their discredit that Porto Rican people have made some wry Ricans have sometimes become resfaces over the medicine with which tive under the American occupation. they have been served. But special There has been much ' heated political credit is due this same American oratory and not a little invective in enterprise and altruism in that the the newspapers, but the attitude of prescription for Porto Rico has for the people is to-day, as it always has the most part been wholesome and been more or less, that of welcoming has to a remarkable degree been American leadership and of recog- 'accepted as such -by a thankful nizing the benefits of American inpeople.

fluence. In an illuminating conver- hood. As Governor Travieso put it, sation, Acting Governor Travieso, they realize that statehood would dehimself a native Porto Rican, assured prive them of ~ertain privileges which me that no considerabl~ element they even now enjoy. Under the among the Porto Rican people, of present system the revenues of the whatever political party, has any island all go into the insular treasury other desire but that the Stars and and are used directly in the admin- Stripes should float there perma- istration of government on the island. nently. Under statehood it would be neces- sary to contribute in addition the Politics in Porto Rico island's share of the expenses of the Federal Government. Their foreign The political situation on the island customs would revert at once to the is one of inexhaustible interest. For federal treasury. several years, the Unionist Party has held complete sway. Its more re- Perhaps Porto Ricans ask too much actionary elements have, at least by when they seek to perpetuate this voice, advocated independence of system. They have all the privileges, American political relations. The immunities, safeguards and other adwhole party has resisted some of the vantages of a part of the United policies inaugurated and maintained States with no obligation to support by our Federal Congress. The re- the central government affording mark of Acting Governor Travieso is these benefits. Yet this looks much here apropos, however. He is him- like the British colonial policy. Britself a member of the Unionist Party, ain makes no exactions of her coloand, by virtue of his present office, nies in the support of the Imperial may be said to be the leader and Government, depending rather upon dominating influence in it. He as- the advantages she gains from censured me that while there are two tralized control of a world-wide comor three "bosses," as he styled them, merce to which the colonies conwho for demagogic purposes wave tribute and from which she vastly this red shirt, even the Unionist profits. Perhaps a similar consider- Party, while insistent upon certain ation on the part of our Federal political reforms, is no less insistent Government might justify acceding upon maintammg the rights and to the desires of the Porto Rican in privileges of the island under the maintaining a policy to the same American government and the Amer- effect under our different American ican system. system. But is this good American- ism? Can the policy be worked Yet on all sides there is recog- successfully? Statesmen must wrestle nition that our federal. policy should with those questions. be re-shaped to do Porto Ricans greater justice. After reading sev- Educational Advance eral speeches made in Congress I was surprized to have Governor Travieso, At no point does the new order and others, declare that the Porto under American influence reflect such Ricans do not wish American citizen- honor upon itself as in the splendid ship, in the ordinary acceptance of public school system now fully esthe terms i they do not desire state-

TO-DAY IN PORTO RICO

SAN GERMAN, THE EARLY CAPITAL OF PORTO RICO This is supposed to be the oldest building in the Western Hemisphere tablished on the island, and rapidly increased from 26,000 to 161,785. improving even upon the present The percentage of illiteracy in the high standards. In mClny centers the whole population has been reduced school building is the most imposing from 80 per cent. to 66 per cent., structure of the community, and and of persons between ten and while 111 others very inadequate twenty years of age to 53 per cent. equipment is still used, the diffusion Night schools and other exceptional· of education is the astonishment of provisions are appreciably reducing every visitor. the illiteracy among persons over twenty-one years of age. In one in- During the American occupation land town I visited, a man sitting at down to 1913 the school enrolment

a small curbstone was seen laboring chance to break down prejudice by a over an algebra printed in English wise and efficient policy.

and opened at quadratic equations! Improved Standard.. of Living The ambition of the parents for their children, and of the children The climate of Porto Rico makes themselves for education, is one of few imperative exactions upon its the striking phenomena of the island. inhabitants. Some thought must be I frequently passed one school build- given to shelter, and somewhat more ing at the hour of the day when one to food, but, on the whole, life cqmes thousand pupils poured out on the easy. Yet there is much hunger, actual physical hunger. Anemia, street, each clothed and in his right hook-worm, and similar diseases are mind, and rapidly gaining a mind prevalent. Thousands from year-end still more rightened. I visited an- to year-end do not have food to other school where nine hundred satisfy their animal cravings. The pupils were efficiently instructed, all island is perhaps the most thickly in one plant, and were handled with peopled rural region on this hemia discipline which would have re- sphere, and few country regions of flected credit upon the most advanced similar size elsewhere in the world system in the States. contain more people.

The young people partially edu- Doubtless by intensive methods of cated are coming in ever-enlarging agriculture the soil could be made to numbers to the States for higher produce an abundance of food for education. Those who return en- the present and even a larger popu- counter no embarrassment, but quite lation. But the present. industrial the contrary, in taking their places conditions need serious attention. Re- in the community life. Even a par- cent tariff changes have embarrassed tial education in the States is an asset several industries. Yet out of this em- recognized to be of value everywhere barrassment there may come a more on the island. This situation is in healthy economic life. There has al- notable contrast with that in other ways been much too great a uni- sections of Latin ·America. In Santo formity in the industries of the Domingo, the republic immediately island. A greater diversification is adjoining, there is a strong prejudice needed on every consideration. The against American influence, and an island now imports beans and rice American from the States, or a na- and many of the commodities most tive educated in the' States, is said generally used by the people. In ad- to lose caste. The same situation dition, centralization under highly prevails in several other Latin Amer- capitalized corporations has crowded ican countries. out many small enterprises with the This contrast shows how unique effects ordinarily following such a is the American opportunity for shift. The war has seriously em- leadership in Porto Rico. In senses barrassed the coffee industry. Porto not always comprehended Porto Rico Rican coffee is more highly esteemed thus holds the key to the situation in in Europe than here. In Paris it Latin America. It furnishes our best sometimes commands the highest

TO-DAY IN PORTO

market, and commonly does so III municipal hospitals on the island in Austria. which he would trust a friend.

There has been recently a great Those three, however, are creditable, impetus to the fruit industry, and and missionary and private hospital doubtless in this field lies Porto provision is doing much to tone up Rico's richest future. Around San the physical life of the people, and Juan, where the transportation prob- reduce the excessive mortality which lem has at least been partially often prevails in the tropics. One or solved, the development of fruit two municipal hospitals I visited were plantations has been remarkable. A little short of gruesome. The ap- more adequate transportation system proach to one carries each patient to will incite a similar development else- the door with the reassuring spectacle where. before his eyes of a pile of coffins It can only prove in the end a boon ready for service beneath the main to the island to be compelled so to floor of the institution.

diversify industries as to bring about Proposed legislation will reorganize self-support at least in respect of the and put on a far more effective basis staples of diet. the sanitary and medical system of The sanitary conditions are vastly the island.. The mortality has already improved over those which sometimes been greatly decreased. The people prevail in the tropics. Tropical are being educated to safeguard the housing conditions would often be in- public health. The insular police tolerable in a climate where doors system would seem to the visitor a and windows must at seasons of the model of discipline and effectiveness.

year be kept tight shut. Yet city One police system extends through- congestion has already begun. In a out the entire island.

few centers I saw populations packed Present Religious Conditionll into quarters under conditions quite matching in their way the slums An energetic educator, herself a which are the despair of our northern member of the Roman Catholic cities. Church from the States, has declared The selection of the centers of that not IO per cent. of the popula- population for special school' equip- tion of Porto Rico is Roman Catho- ment is having the effect in Porto lic. She means by that statement Rico which similar policies have in that the nominal Catholic population the States. The rural regions are in Latin American countries is largely being deserted and parents who are alienated from Romanism-a system able move into town for the sake of which has done little for the people affording their children superior for generations. The churches are school advantages. The last census located only in the towns. I saw no shows that certain municipalities have Roman Catholic churches in the lost rural population while the total rural regions or the smaller villages.

for the whole municipality has Immediately adjoining, or in the greatly increased. midst of the plaza of the municipal The head of the sanitary service towns, there is invariably a. Roman told us that there are only three church, the most imposing feature of

the old architecture. But attendance really something else under that upon the church is greatly neglected name. except at fiestas and other special occasions. The attendance is some- There are many Freemasons whose times reduced to nothing, or practi- system is sometimes classified as a cally that, for the ordinary services religion. On occasions an individual of Mass. will say, "No, I have no religion; I am neither a Catholic, nor a Protes- Free thinking, or what goes by that tant, nor a Mason." Among the name, prevails quite generally. A more intelligent, however, Masonry periodical antagonistic to the church, and membership in an evangelical and nominally to religion, gains a church involve no inconsistency, but THE BAPTIST TRAINING- SCHOOL BUILDING AT SAN PIEDRAS wide circulation throughout the is- many pronounced evangelical Chrisland. This propaganda is really ini- tians are also Masons. mical more to the Roman Catholic system than to religion or a thorough- Soon after the American evangelily democratized institution embody- cal churches began work in the island ing religion. Frequently, evangelical the leaders of the time wisely enworkers are assured by those who tered into an agreement by which the have detached themselves from the territory has been marked off into Roman system that their sympathies zones. This zone system is still remain truly religious in spite of maintained, under which it is protheir break with the only institution vided that all the territory of .the which has for centuries represented island is the definite responsibility religion on the island. Atheism is of some evangelical body, and, on the not quite compatible with the Latin other hand, by the terms of the mind, and usually its profession is agreement only the principal centers are occupied by more than one de-

TO-DAY IN PORTO

nomination. There is thus, perhaps, ing for the evangelical effort made less overlapping and duplication of in the island. There has been no effort in Porto Rico than in any sweeping evangelistic movement, tho other territory of similar size and steady accessions have been made to containing so much evangelical ac- the membership of the various tivity. In the cities of San Juan and churches. One of the greatest needs Ponce several denominations are at of the present is a more vigorous work. .otherwise, each town and evangelistic movement of a type rural region is the exclusive respon- . suited to the peculiar conditions of sibility of a designated denomination. the island. The religious bodies doing work in The evangelical truth has, however, THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL AT SAN JUAN This has grown too small and is soon to be pulled down to make room for a large, new, modern equipment the Island are Baptists, Methodists, worked, and worked fal' beyond the Congregationalists, Presbyterians, centers from which its influence radi- United Brethren, Disciples, Luther- ates. Leaders.n various walks of ans, Evangelical Alliance, the Chris- the island's life have gained their tian Connection and the Protestant training under evangelical influences. Episcopal Church. The last named In the last election the candidate of has not accepted the zone system, and the RepUblican Party for delegate to its mission work is scattered in all the United States Congress, who parts of the island without regard to barely failed of election after a most the zone system, tho its work is not vigorous and educative campaign, was strong outside of the principal a prominent officer in one of the centers. evangelical churches, who is known throughout the island ouly less defi- The actual church membership nitely as a speaker on religious topics does not present a remarkable show-

than as a politician and statesman. and stir whole communities to the Another officer in an evangelical appreciation of fundamental human church in his municipality is super- values would be as successful as it vising principal of the schools and is greatly to be desired. A more enjoys a most enviable reputation as pronounced cooperative program a leader. The principal of the schools among the evangelical workers would in one of the other important centers make the adoption of such a policy is likewise a strong evangelical leader. natural and easy.

Individuals of this standing are The Next Steps gradually multiplying, and their in- fluence, together with that of the My impression leads me to empha- church membership in each com- size the following as the next steps munity, is gaining strength and help- desirable in cooperative evangelical ing more largely to vitalize the life work: of the island every year. I. In the training of native leaders.

The evangelical work has reached Substantial progress has already been a critical stage. At many points made in this direction. Several of there are needed new methods the denominations are now coopera- adapted to new conditions of thought ting in a training-school at Maya- and to new economic standards. The guez. The Baptists have just now first lively interest manifested in the. completed a serviceable plant for evangelical message is more or less trainrng work at Rio Piedras. The consistently maintained in the country building is wholly creditable in ap- regions. Much testimony seems to pearance as it stands immediately ad- indicate that it is waning in the joining the campus of the insular centers. The same symptoms appear university. The proposal is now . there which cause discouragement to made that a union training-school evangelical workers in the States. shall be maintained at this center, The message actually presented does involving the cooperation of at least not seem altogether to fit community the Baptists, the Congregationalists, needs. The need of social service the Presbyterians, and the United and the interpretation of a social Brethren. It is not impossible that gospel through the church is quite others may desire to join m so as manifest in Porto Rico as else- promising a proj ect.

where. A highly intelligent and well- 2. In the production and distri-'

educated native ministry was never bution of evangelical literature.

more urgently demanded than now. Spanish literature in general is un- A well-organized social service wholesome. Before the evangelical program should be buttressed by a propaganda can gain its true repre- vigorous evangelistic policy, pecu- sentation there must not alone be liarly desirable in reaching the Latin leaflets and pamphlets setting forth character. The people like to see eitectively in the Spanish language things go. They readily join enter- the particular doctrines of the Prot- prises which move in the mass. A estant faith, but a large volume of vigorous evangelistic program which the inspirational, and even scientific would preserve broad human appeals and philosophic, literature, so abun-

TO-DAY IN PORTO

dant in English, should be intelli- formed that every evangelical church- gently translated into Spanish. member would feel himself more a Several of the denominations al- part of the one evangelical church ready cooperate in the pUblication of of Porto Rico than an adherent of a "Porto Rico Evangelico," which is denomination which may have his- the most creditable evangelical pub- toric distinction and value to a resi- lication on the island both in appear- dent in the United States, but which, ance and subject matter. Its sub- in the nature of the case, can have scription list has grown until the only artificial value in Porto Rico.

paper is already on, a substantial The rallying of all the evangelical financial basis. Other denominational forces to back island-wide moral re- periodicals may soon be merged in form is now impossible. As the this. leadership is more and more brought A printing plant is already main- on from among the native people; tained for cooperative work. It and they assume enlarging respon- should be enlarged to turn out not sibilities, the need of such an island- only the valuable leaflets now sup- wide organization becomes the more plied in limited numbers, but also, to imperative. There is already a dis- publish more of these, and certain position among the more intelligent books immediately adapted to Porto native evangelical leaders to move in Rico's needs. In addition, there this direction. They will soo'ner or should be a depository and book store later demand a union of their forces, for evangelical literature. and certainly those who have gone to Ai: the proposed Council of evan- the island to carry the evangelical gelical workers in Latin America, message should not be in the attitude of February, 1916, in Panama, this of checking or hindering such a rea- problem of literature will receive sonable and wholesome tendency.

special consideration. Methods of They should rather be forward to effective distribution of the literature promote it, encouraging every move- 'now available are perhaps of even ment among the Porto Rican people more immediate importance than the in this direction, and guiding their supply of new literature. counsels so that the initial errors, 3. In the closer drawing together otherwise inevitable, may be avoided.

of the native churches. I am con- Several of the evangelical Amer- scious of taking ground further ad- ican leaders are already eager to vanced than do some others when further such a project. It should be I plead for the earliest practicable wisely, tactfully and patiently pro- organization of an evangelical church moted, but the end should not be lost on the island, which shall draw into sight of as one whose speedy con- one the churches of all the evan- summation is to be desired.

gelical bodies. This organization In no other field as in Porto Rico need not completely obliterate dis- is there opportunity to demonstrate tinctions between the denominational the essential unity of the evangelical forces sent into the island from the forces, and no time should be lost in religious bodies in the States. It improv:ing this incomparable opporshould, however, be s~ compactly tunity.

Women's Congress

Missions BY MRS. GEORGE W. COLEMAN, BOSTON, MASS. President of the Council of Women fo-r Home Missions HE women that pub- recognized that a Congress of Mis- sions should have a place in the long mT lish the tidings are a series of conventions meeting in San great host, wrote the Francisco during the exposition year. Psalmist many cen- It is a strategic time and place. The turies ago, and the opportunity afforded by such a Con- Women's Congress of gress for giving to the cause of mis- Missions, which met in San Fran- sions a strong and widespread imcisco in June, was a striking fulfilment pulse was seen immediately, and it of his words. It is not because "a great was felf that in order worthily to host" was in attendance, tho the reg- represent that cause and its relation istration exceeded two thousand; nor to the Kingdom of God, the Congress because every mission field was rep- must include within its scope all misresented, tho delegates came from sions, at home and abroad, must give thirty-nine States and seven foreign fresh encouragement and 'inspiration countries; but because the audiences to missionaries throughout the world, were. truly representative of the and must deepen the conviction of ingreater hosts upon the near and dis- dividual responsibility in the hearts tant fields, and in the homes, church- of the women of the churches. To es, and local circles of missionary achieve this high aim, the Council of women. Home missionaries, foreign Women for Home Missions, the mISSIOnaries missionary physicians, Federation of Women's Boards of missionary teachers from the kinder- Foreign Missions, and an Executive garten to the university, Christian- Committee, representing the missionsettlement leaders, native-born, for- ary women of the Pacific Coast, set eign-horn, Jew and Gentile, were themselves. In view of the fact that there-each one standing for hun- the Council and Federation include dreds of others upon the scattered fifty-six women's boards, of home and fields of the world. Officers of mis- foreign missions, the Congress was, sion boards, leaders of State and dis- from its inception, broadly representrict organizations, and of local tative of the missionary women of groups, junior and guild workers, the country, both geographically and also, bore witness to the hundreds of by denominations, twenty-two denomthousands of women who are en- inations being listed in the registralisted in the work of world-wide mis- tion. sions. The Congress met in the First The Woman's Congress of Mis- Congregational Church of San Fransions was born in the mind and heart cisco from June 6th to 13th inclusive. of a California woman, who early The theme chosen for united mission Christ, the Redeemer of Society. study during the current year, "The Christ the Teacher; Christianity a Church apd the Nations," and the accompanying watchword, "Thy King- Teaching Religion. dom Come, Thy Will be done upon Christian Unity the Result of Christian Earth," were adopted as the theme and watchword of the Congress. The Missions. coronation pin previously adopted by Christian Testimony, the Method of the Council and Federation as the emblem of Christian womanhood, Christian Conquest. was made the emblem of the Con- Christ the Prince of Peace. gress, and the hymn, The study of the book for foreign "Crown Him with many crowns, 1111SSlOns, "The King's Highway," The Lamb upon His throne," was led by its author, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery, and the companion vol- was the Congress hymn. The key- mne, "Home lfissions in ActIon," -thought of the Congress was thus the was presented by Mrs. D.. E. Waid. supremacy and exaltation of Jesus Christ as Lord, and the whole pro- Th~ last Sunday afternoon of the gram was designed to translate this thought into a conviction and a pur- Congress was a noteworthy session. pose in every heart. Thirty-two missionaries were gathered on the platform, and presented the Early in the year a call to prayer needs of India, China, Japan, Korea, was issued by the executive commit- the Philippine Islands, Turkey, Bur- tee in San Francisco, summoning ma, Siam, Cuba, Porto Rico, Mexico, Christian women to daily prayer at Spanish-speaking peoples in Americ~, nine o'clock, and suggested a petition Negroes, Indians, Orientals in Amerl- for each day of the week. During the ca, foreigners of many races in citie.s, Congress a prayer-room was set aside in mines and factories, Jews and Alas- where those who desired to do so kans. All were represented by men could gather at any hour, without and women who are giving their lives formality, for intercession. Who to the redemption of these peoples shal1 say how much of the power and nations. The mission fields of that was increasingly felt from day to the world were thus made to live be- day was due to the unceasing prayer fore the hearers. that had been and that was being "made unto God"? Several simultaneous meetings were held during the week, both in The themes for each day were the city and aCrOSS the bay. These based upon the chapters of the text- included drawing-room meetings (nobooks considered and were also defi- tably on~ in the home of a Japanese nitely related to the general subject. lady, Madam Aboki), others in the The daily themes were as follows: foreign sections of the city amol}-g Persians, Russians, and Italians, a Jesus Christ, the Hope of the Nations. meeting for business women, and a Christ, the Builder of Nations. supper for young women. The Re-Creating Power of Christ in The program of the Congress was National Life. also emiched by two pageants. The Pageant of Peace was prepared by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, and was presented in the Court of the Ages on

the exposition grounds. It is hoped a redemptive power for the individ- that this pageant will be widely used ual, the Gospel was constantly pre- by missionary women in a propa- sented as a social force, and by none ganda against war. The Pageant of more forciMy or persistently than Home Missions was written by Mrs. by the missionaries who, at home and John S. Allen, and was given in the abroad, find themselves fighting at church and also in the Greek Theater short range the appalling results of of the University of California in Sill.

Berkeley. Perhaps never in the history of The Congress of Mis'sions, in con- missions has the unity of the work junction with the Federal Council of at home and abroad been so striking- Churches of Christ in America, ac- ly set forth as in the program in the cepted Monday, June I4th, as its Congress of Missions, and it may be day at the Exposition, and marched that this will prove one of its great- in procession to Festival Hall, led by est contributions to the cause of mis- a platoon of exposition guards and sions. No dividing line between by the exposition band, playing the home and foreign missions was found stirr,ing hymns of the church. About in the Congress. In every session the I ,000, said to be the largest com- consideration of home and foreign pany representing any organization missions was inextricably intermin- that had thus far appeared on the . gled in a union that was felt to be of grounds, marched to Festival Hall. God. Missionaries and speakers and The spirit, the influence, the re- members alike thought and spoke and sults of the Congress of Missions are prayed as belonging to one great and beyond human measurement. Only undivided army serving under the He whom the Congress sought to orders of one Lord and Master.

crown as "Lord of All" knows, and Finally, a broader and deeper con- ,only eternity will reveal the impulses ception of the relation of America to received, the convictions deepened, the world-wide work of missions was the lives stimulated. The Congress gained, as it was realized that the was rich in information, in enthu- great struggle in Europe is thrusting siasm, in inspiration, and in the spirit upon the churches of our land a of prayer. From day to day, the heavier responsibility than ever be- feeling deepened that God was in the fore for the work on the opposite side midst of His people and was making of the world. Not only must the His presence manifest. As a natural churches of America stand back of result, the conviction of the imme- the work which is in danger of fail- diate, the imperative urgency of the ure because of the withdrawal of men work in every mission field was in- and means by the demands of the creasingly prest home on every heart, war, but more than ever must our and the condition of men and women, churches look to themselves and to whether in America or in the utter- our land to see that America is won most parts of the earth, who are for Christ and for His Kingdom in without Christ and who are ignorant order that she may be His messenger of His Gospel, became exceedingly to every nation of the earth.

real. Side by side with the Gospel as "Who is sufficient for these things '!"

TO ONE OF THE WALLED CITIES OF

The Central Tower of Tungchow, the street of which is paved with mill-stones The Challenge of China's Cities A PLAN TO SAVE THE 1,700 WAILED CITIES STILL UNOCCUPIED FOR CHRIST BY REV. CHARLES ERNEST SCOTT, TSINGTAU, SHANTUNG, CHINA OR the first time in ism, "And to do it now. Five years m. cient walled cities are hence may be too late." F. Christian history, the The church in one hundred !years portals of 1,700 of has made little impression on the four hundred millions of Chinese. China's great and an- It has labored under a' tremendous handicap because of the mail-fisted open to messengers of policies of the "Christian" Powers of Europe. The gentry residents of the Gospel of Christ. General Li these cities-elegantly clad, learned in Chinese lore, rich, powerful, proud, Yuan Hung, Vice-President of the Republic, urged John R. Mott to ask the .Christian Church in America to occupy these strongholds of heathen-

self-sufficient, reactionary-have here- leaders have proposed an "Indepentofore scorned the Gospel message. dent Church" movement which will Now the literati, the government bring about full cooperation between students, and the officials are ready them and the foreign missionaries. to listen. These centers are therefore actually open, provided the One mission-the American Preschurch will gather itself together for byterian-is beginning to take care this vast enterprise. China's cities of its share by opening at least IS MOI)[ RN C O MMfO: I1CE ENTElING TH3 C [ TI ::';S cities in Shantung province. A potent An , opening made in the wall for a new ga te into factor in this work will be the Chris- the city wall, Tsinanfu, China tian University of Shantung Prov- ince, a union institution em bracing chalIenge the Church by a new and schools of Arts, Medicine and Theolunparalleled opportunity. ogy, supported by several lea~ing Protestant Missions in that section But these cities can not be evan- of China. Missionary statesmen have gelized even by a large equipment of declared this union mission univer-· foreign missionaries. There are too sity to be the most potent single edumany handicaps. Neither can the cational factor in the non-Christian ordinary Chinese village evangelists world toward making that world "a do it for they are not equipped for new creation in Christ." Graduates the work. Shantung alone, with its o f this university are scattered all forty million people, has 108 walled over China, and a re the leaders in its cities , besides many additional im- re-making, men in the greatest deportant market towns and multitudes mand and holding every sort of a of villageS. position of influence at1(f responsi- bility. Educated men of ability, ex- To capture these centers and the perieiIce, and consecration-men who ruling classes for Christ a new move- have suffered for the name of Christment has been started among the are willing to leave positions as heads Chinese Christian leaders. Some of of departments in the Government, these high-grade native workers and and as professors in schools of higher learning, with all the prestige and honor that such positions in China carry, in order to take 11P this work, and at. grea~ redltced salaries. Ac- cordingly, the Presbyterian mission has met them half-way by requesting the Church in America to raise twenty-five thousand dollars at once and one hundred thousand ultimately for the carrying out of the project. About five thousand dollars will be spent for the plant in each city-a small sum compared with the cost of a missionary-manned .station. Each building will contain a large audi-

CHALLENGE OF CHINA'S CITIES 59

torium, a street chapel, a guest-room will also assist. The whole project for men, and one for women, school is entrusted to the oversight of six and Bible classrooms to be used men, three Chinese selected by the both day and evening; and, with Synod, and three missionaries se- separate street entrance accommoda- lected by the Mission. , tions for a Y. M. C. A. A Workable Project Engaged in the work in each city will be an older, and a younger col- This project is the outgrowth of a lege graduate, a Bible woman and a long and slowly maturing conviction gateman. In each chapel the salaries, and has been evolved by able mis- together with incidental expenses, wiII sionaries on the field.

ANOTHER WAY OF ENTERING CHINESE WALLED CITIES Scaling the ancient walls of one of China's cities require five hundred dollars annually. The project has commended itself It is proposed to have an educated physician traveling among each five to leaders of other missions in China of these cities, seeing patients four days every month in each city; also and s•toompeutoift them are planning at a general Y. M. C. A. secretary for once into execution in their the fifteen cities. The Shantung Christian College is proposing to fields. Among other reasons are the make this their benevolent enterprise, securing gifts from the alumni scat- following. tered all over Cnina. The Christians of the country whose city is occupied I. Strategic centers are to be occu- pied. For the vast population of each county, the county seat is be- coming more and more the command- ing political, commercial, educational, and social center. In Orina, as else-

where, the country streams into the that a "foreign" church is being city, and much. of its ablest and best plant1ed throughout China. The Chilife finds itself permanently located nese church itself will never be a therein. large' success until its members are filled with the realization that this is 2. Able Chinese leadership will be an enterprise for which they are reutilized. High-grade lead€rs are not sponsible. It sounds ridiculous to satisfied with a pastorate among scat- many Chinese for a foreigner to tered country churches, but are at- asseverate that the "Jesus Doctrine" tracted to the centers of pow~r. With is not a "foreign" religion, but it churches developing among these strikes home with power for a Chithickly populated counties, the man nese of social position to proclaim it in the central city will, without the as indigenous. office, be a veritable metropolitan of wide and commanding influence. 6. In this way the large amount oj Some such men are ready for this effort and money put into higher work, and an inspiring program is educat,ion in China will be utilized for outlined that will command their evangelism. Able and consecrated services as rapidly as funds are avail- graduates feel drawn toward the inable. fluential task of bearing witness for Christ in city centers where the men 3. Available resources will be used who are shaping the destinies of to establish a new and permanent e1:tina go and come.' work. A station adequately manned by foreigners is expensive and hard 7. The needed prestige will be to establish. The sum of money re.- gi1Jcn to directly evangelistic work in quired ranges from $40,000 to $100,- t'he eyes of the influential classes. The rapidly increasing prominence 000 for outfit, as against the ,$.s,ooo given to church education by so many Chinese-manned "Jesus Do~trine fine plants with the turning of almost all college graduates to the more Preaching-Hall" planted in the midst profitable work of teaching, is calof a great city. culated to misrepresent the mission- ary obj ect. We need the prominence The missionary looks toward the of city evangelization to balance the day when his work may be gradually several departments. turned over into the hands of the convert, and he be eclipsed in favor This preaching movement by eduof those who preach to their own cated Chine~e will be a sane cornationals. Men trained on the field rective of higher school work. can begin at once what will be a permanent occupancy. 8. The campaign is commended by its plan of approach. Preaching and 4. This plan promises Chinese and teaching is to be supplemented by foreign cooperation instead of separ- lectures, schools, woman's work, ation. The native leaders have devel- medical work, and Y. M. C. A., and oped' so fast and progressed so far various kinds of Bible classes, thus that any makeshift, rather than giving touching many different points of them large responsibility and full approach to mind and heart. It will credit for all they do, will spell disaster, as mission history warns.

5. This plan disposes of the idea

CHALLENGE OF ,CHINA'S CITIES

be feasible to invite the dwellers in the wisdom and urgency of the surrounding villages to special evan- above program. gelistic services. IO. The project has already passed 9. This evangelistic effort prom- the theoretical stage. ises to stem the rising tide of an atheistic, materialistic' philosophy of Two leading Chinese Christian life among tihe educated classes. men are already at work in two cities with splendid results. They This is the greatest menace to the are men who could command much future of China. With the grip of larger salaries elsewhere, but who THE ANCIENT WALLS OF KAO MI CITY, SHANTUNG A Chinese city wall built before Columbus discovered America. This city was captured by the Japane"e on their recent march to Tsingtau the old religions gone, with atheism prefer this soul-winning work 10 the popular form of educated these cities, especially among the thought, and agnostic literature young men and young women stuwidely read, together with a more or dents. less conscious desire of the educated to find something to satisfy the It would be hard to find a Chriscravings of the soul, it is easy to see tian appeal combining so many atthat a veritable crisis has come in the tractive and impelling considerations" religious history of China. Hence and with such "long reach for the Kingdom of God."

Secular Allies In

BY REV. DONALD MACGILVARY, D.D., SHANGHAI, CHINA Editorial Secretary of the Christian Literature Society for China . bers. The result is that there is E have discovered a scarcely a missionary or a Japanese preacher, however devoted, able or lWi hit her t 0 unworked eloquent who commonly addresses force which, before audiences containing forty or fifty the advent of the daily ~ paper in Chine~e, was not in existence. Even unbelievers."

after the newspaper came the force In February, I9I2, Dr. Pieters be- was so clogged and bound that it gan work of this description in Oita, could not be used in missionary work. Japan, a district as large as two or Now these obstructions have sudden- three American counties, with a popu- ly been removed, and the mission- lation of nearly I,OOO,OOO souls. The aries have discovered new allies in town has three newspapers, one with a the secular press. They are indeed circulation of 10,000 issued every not yet under the banner of the second day, one of 7,000, and one of Cross, but many are willing to take 4,000, the latter two being dailies.

their place among the things that work Space was rented in these papers at together for good to the Kingdom of the usual rates. At the close of the God in China. articles invitations were given to People of the vVest long ago dis- correspond with the author, and '

covered that space in secular papers offers of free literature were made.

may be bought and used for the A follow-up department was organ- propagation of special ideas. The ized, and a card index was kept of great publicity campaigns, to secure each case.

clean government, the driving out of The first year has proved that the saloons, the restriction of the social method is very successful. It has evil and the like. have found in the carried the message to the most re- newspapers most powerful auxiliaries. mote and inaccessible portions of Missionaries have watched with the province. Everyone of the interest the rise of the press on the twelve counties into which the prov- mission field, and' those in Japan ince is divided have contributed en- have the honor of being the first to quirers. They have written from use this form of propaganda success- lonely islands off the coast and from fully. The Rev. Albertus Pieters of hamlets in the distant mountains, the Reformed Church in America places that have no chance of being noticed that there were multitudes of visited by a Christian worker, either Japanese who would not enter a in this generation or in the next.

church to hear a preacher. At comparatively small expense thou- "No device," he says, "has yet sands of people are being reached.

been found that will induce non- This work is a species of tract dis- Christian Japanese to attend religious tribution, but Dr.. Pieters claims that meetings in any considerable num- it surpasses all other methods in economy and efficiency. What won- them reprinted in proof form, and derful results might follow if the sent them out to other papers. Alplan was used regularly, systematic- most from the first there was a gratially and wisely in every province of fying response, and during the year Japan for five or ten years! there were hundreds of reprints in all parts of the country. The Ta This. work in Japan soon attra~ted Tung Paa not only published articles the notice of missionaries in China, of a purely Christian character, but and in 1913 to 1914 a beginning was TWENTY-SEVEN CHINESE NEWSPAPERS-SECULAR ALLIES OF CHRISTIANITY made along somewhat different lines. also articles on burning questions In Japan there was intensive culti- treated from a Christian standpoint. vation of a narrow area; in China But even articles of the evangelistic an attempt was made to reach the and doctrinal character were releading newspapers in all the prov- printed as frequently as the other inces. The China plan also differs articles. from the Japan plan in that no money was used to secure space. The Editor The following is a sample list: of the Ta Tung Paa, a Christian ~eekly, took his leading articles, had "Changing Customs in IIl(}ia." "Too Many Law Students and Too Few Doctors."

"The Power of Public Opinion." advantage, namely: that' we can not "The Root of Morality." add to our articles our address with "The Livelihood of the People." offers of free literature and corres- "Way to Pacify the Country." pondence with enquirers. The fol- low-up department which would "True Liberty." greatly enhance the value of this' "The Red Cross Work in Japan." form of work ~ari not· be organized without further financiaL help. With "The Home and Its Elevation." it the plan is capable of large de- "The Importance of Home Education." velopments. Besides a central office, "True Basis of Religious Liberty." local offices could be organized in "Newspapers and Industries." the large centers whose object it "Education Suffers from Militarism." would be to cultivate the acquaint- ance of the edi!ors by personal visi- The following daily papers re- tation, and adopt the same method. for newspaper evangelism of a limprinted these articles: ited area now being used in Japan.

Suchau ……… 1 Shantung .. , . .. I Chefoo …….. 3 Chihli. . . . . . . .. I Tientsin ……. I Anhui ……… I Shansi …….. 2 Amoy ……… I Pekin ……… 5 Manchuria …. I Canton …….. I Szechuan …… I A mIssIonary statesman from Chekiang …… I Kwangsi America who recently visited Shan- Shanghai …… J ghai, had looked into the work of The success thus far obtained Dr. Pieters and enquired eagerly shows that many editors are not only concerning our plans. He was con- willing to be called our allies, but vinced that the missionary Boards actually look upon missionaries as ought to cooperate in financing this their allies in the common task of plan of evangelism, and when the regenerating their country. The time time is ripe steps ought to be taken was ripe for the beginning' of this to secure their cooperation. Some of movement. The publications and the advantages are as follows: periodicals issued by the missions ( I) The plan works, and with have been doing their silent work. money would work better -and secure They existed before the newspaper larger results.

press of China was born. They con- (2) The truth reaches unreached tinued to exist during the period of classes.

its rise and progress. (3) Intelligent classes are reached.

The China plan has obvious limi-. for they only can read papers.

tations and defects as compared with (4) The plan helps the mission- the Japan plan. It has the advantage aries in every province without re- at this early stage of costing little, gard to denominations.

but this is at the expense of efficiency (5) The articles have an influence for these reasons: on the editors and the tone of the ( I) We can not print exactly what rest of the papers. Other articles we desire, for the editors print only must measure up to the standard set what they like. This objection is by our articles.

inseparable from a free use of their (6) Friendships thus begun open columns. up the way to all sorts of coopera~ ( 2 ) There is a more serious dis- tion in social service.

Elect Lady In

AN APPRECIATION OF MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY (See Frontispiece Portrait) THE modest lady who is the subject of this sketch is one of the notable Jiving missionary leaders of the world. She has been a successful teache~', a devoted wife, an ideal mother, ·a heroic missionary, a successful Board secretary, an unusual business woman, a charming hostess, an able executive, an inspiring leader, a skilful editor, an influential author, a valued member of the Continuation Committee of the World's Missionary Conference, and through it all and above it all, a most attractive and cultured Christian woman.

Lucy McGill received her education in Rochester, New York, and then, while still a young girl, married Mr. Norman Waterbury, with whom she went out to India as a missionary under the American Baptist Missionary Union. In less than six years she returned to America a widow with two little children to support. Last year she revisited for the first time 'in twenty-six years the scene of her early life in Madras. There she was still remembered with tender love by those who had been children in her school, and, wonderful to relate, the long-forgotten Telugu speech came back to her so that within a week she was giving extemporaneous addresses to large audiences.

"It is the gift of tongues," said some. "It is lik~ sitting down at the pian.o and finding one's fingers unconsciously fall into the rhythm of forgotten tunes," said Mrs. Peabody.

For nineteen years after her return to America Mrs. Waterbury was the Home Secretary of the Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society and devoted her splendid powers to the development of the home base. Her skill as an editor was developed in the Helping Hand, while her executive ability and power as a speaker, were brought ont in the work among women and young people. The cheeriness, the warm personal interest, the deep spiritual purpose of her service made her the best-loved woman in the constituency of the society.

These tasks were preparing her for broader interdenominational work inaugurated in connection with the Ecumenical Missionary Conference in New York in 1900. A system of interdenominational mission study was proposed at a session of the women's societies, and a committee was appointed to prepar'e a text-book for the women of all denominations. After the death of Miss Abby Child, the first Chairman of this Committee, Mrs. Waterbury became, and has continued to be, the Chairman of the Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign Mission-one of the most influential factors in the missionary development since 1900. Text-books have been issued each year by thousands and have been studied by women in all the churches. The circulation has steadily grown until it now reaches more than 150,000 copies annually. Beginning with a capital of $25, without solicitation of funds or incurring of debt, the committee, the members of which serve without salary and with small expenses, has been able to pay its authors, publish the books. and has financed summer schools, organized the Jubilee, started a children's magazine in China, and helped many other mission enterprises. The able women who have represented the various denominations on this committee

be the first to say that the success of this work has been due in no

part to the initiative foresight and ability of the chairman.

In 1910, the year of the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of Women's Boards for Foreign Missions, this "elect lady," who had in the meantime become Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, set on foot the plans for the Jubilee, one of the most far-reaching missionary movements among women in recent years. Without machinery, other than the magnificent organization of the women's boards, without the employment of paid secretaries, without the collection of a big fund, within six weeks after the project of the Jubilee was first born, Mrs. Peabody had under way the plans for a nationwide series of conventions. Within three months the first Jubilee celebration had been held and within a year the forty conventions, the million-dollar thanks-offering, the pageant, and the hundreds of echo jubilees were all realities of history.

While hundreds of women all over the land cooperated enthusiastically and efficiently in the work, Mrs. Peabody was the heart of the movement as well as its originator.

It was the natural thing that Mrs. Peabody should have been chosen as the American woman representative on the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, one of two women thus honored. On this great committee she has been specially interested in the higher education vf Oriental women. During her recent tour around the world she was able to give substantial help to the committees at work in establishing interdenominational Christian colleges for women at Madras, Canton, Nanking, and Tokyo, and she has since been interested in the organization of suitable boards in America to supervise the higher Christian education of Oriental women.

Two years of happy married life with Mr. Henry W. Peabody, a man of distinction and of noble personality, were followed by bereavement. Her exquisite tribute to her husband's memory in the biography which she wrote, has found its way in a thousand copies into all parts of the world.

Tho enlisted in great enterprises Mrs. Peabody never loses interest in the charm and courtesies of e'eryday life. The garden, at her home in Beverly, Massachusetts, is her own creation, and her home expresses her personality in every room. Her hospitality is so characteristically radiant that it might seem to be her first thought. Her sunny, selfless, deep-hearted life, makes the world a better, happier, more Christian place.

WOMEN'S WORK FOR MISSIONS The sowing, cultivating and, I fear, harrowing of the home field by the indefatigable Woman's Missionary Societies is one prime cause of the missionary harvests of the past twenty-five years. Such are the different conditions of the lives of men and women that it is possible to secure from women what can not be given by men-unpaid service. There are thousands of women of wide vision and ability who are able and glad to give their services to this work. How short-sighted and wasteful it would be if the church of Christ should leave unutilized such resources. We learn by doing, and it is only because we have been given a definite task for which we are solely responsible that the women of our churches have awakened to intelligent and efficient cooperation in the stupendous work of evangelizing the world.

HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY.

MISSIONARIES TO THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

Women's Rights and Women's · Wrongs In South America BY MR~. KATHERINE A. HODGE, LONDON, ENGLAND < . OMAN has not yet her and wealthy class, visiting with her IWi rightfu~ place in the .. Repubhcs of South seventeen-year-old daughter, in the course of conversation remarked that America. if her husband was kind and sup- ported her, that was all she could ex- , – In the past, women in South American pect. This is by no means an excep- — countries have been considered not tion but is the rule throughout the only inferior t.o man, but as crea- cities and towns of all the republics. In a letter from Northerll Brazil tures to Serve man's interest and will. Until recent years few have a lady missionary* says: "The lot of thought that girls were deserving of the women is sad indeed. A large number work in the cotton fahcetorerieis~ special education. Even the latest of which there are several Government census shows that 80 per cent. of the population is illiter- Maranhao. Their hours ate from ate. Parents have sought to marry 6 a. m. to 6 p. m., and wages very off their daughters at the ages of low. When these women reach home thirteen to fifteen years. in the evening, after having been on A Brazilian lady of the cultured their feet all day, after a simple dinner which many of them have to SiO:.Mrs. Miner~. of the Maranhao Christian Mis- prepare for themselves, they are so weary that they go to their ham- Bible, so that a v~ry small percent- mocks, in which they remain until age of them ever get a knowledge of the 5 o'clock call of the factory Bible truth. Maranhao women, in whistle wakens and reminds them the majority of cases, are born, that another day of toil is before reared, and die having no hope and them. There is no half-holiday without God. They are to be greatly during the week, so that on Sunday pitied."

their time is taken up with washing, Women m South American coun- ironing, making and mending in tries are subjected to rude remarks order to look as nice as possible at and insults if they walk the streets of the. beginning of the following week. the cities unaccompanied by men. In Their homes are poor, and the sad Buenos Aires, the capital of the Ar-'

part of it is, there is not much pos- gentine Republic, a f~w years ago it sibility of their ever being otherwise. was not considered safe for an Argen- When sickness comes, a doctor's tine lady to go out by herself in visit costs ten milreis ($2.80), which the daytime, and tho she can do is the equivalent of five days' wages, this now with greater safety, it is, and medicine is a most expensive nevertheless, considered inadvisable item, often costing six milreis-the for any woman, European or Argen- .

equivalent of· three days' labor. :A tine, to be seen in the city at night sickness of a few weeks means loss time without a male escort. Work of 'wages, rent unpaid, provisions among women in cities like Buenos bought on credit, and these, with Aires, Rie de Janeiro, Pernambuco, doctor's and chemist's bills, accumu- Valparaiso, and elsewhere is thus late a debt which often takes twelve fraught with great difficulty, unless months to pay. the worker is married, and even then "Physically, the women of Maran- it is considered inadvisable to go hao have everything in their disfavor. visiting alone.

The intense heat has a debilitating Altho modern times and Christian effect upon their system. The food influences in a progressive Republic is of an inferior quality, so that they like Argentine are making some do not get the nourishment which char'Iges in the customs of the people, they require. The married woman still woman's position is one of sad has a baby almost every year, and neglect. Something is being done one can quite understand what a for the education of girls, but in a weakening effect this has upon her general way it is only to give a little system. As many work in the fac- exterior polish.

tories, one can see how hard their lot White Slavery in SOlith America must be.

About three 9ut of every four· The white slave traffic has free women can neither read nor write, course everywhere in South Amer- and those who can have but little ica, and in such centers as Rio, inclination or no time. From· in- Buenos Aires, and other cities this fancy they grow up in a mist of evil abounds in a most appalling prejudice against Protestants, and no degree. Buenos Aires has been con- effort is made to teach them the sidered to be the plague spot in

IN SOUTH AMERICA

South America. The Secretary of some sentiment in favor of the supthe National Vigilance Association pression of this social scourge. visited that city last year to find out Concerning the women of Ecuador, the actual state of things there re- Mr. Paul Fountain says: "The garding the white slave traffic, and women of pure Spanish blood are kept more secluded, or rather more select, and these fall victims more rparticularly to priests, and 'from what I heard, backed by what I saw, the misdoings of these unfortunate women are often punished by im- murement in a convent, where they . .are more in the power of their seducers than when at liberty. When I observed to a priest that I wondered why the priesthood did not marry, he replied: "We would be fools to bother ourselves with wives when every man;s wife is at our INDIAN MOTHERHOOD as a result an act for the protection LADIES OF LAPAZ.. SOUTH AMERICA of young women and the punishment of the traffickers has been command." But the husbands have placed on the Argentine statute book. to be reckoned with sometimes, and America and Europe will watch with it is not an uncommon thing for a keen ioterest the futute work of priest to be waylaid and murdered." this association for the suppression of this abominable evil in Argentina. Nothing is being done for the It is earnestly hoped that this good cause will spread, and that the hands of the lady worker who was recently sent out may be strengthened by many sympathizers working in the city. In other republics some police regulation and 'momentary effort is occasionally put forth to suppress this horrible evil, but on the whole there is comparatively little whole-

women and girls in the factories in In Buenos Aires many of these Argentina, except a feeble effort here people live in "conventillos," in some and there by some lady, probably of which there are as many as two the wife of the owner. In one of hundred families. One family, and the busy thoroughfares of Buenos sometimes more, occupies every room Aires, in a district south of the city and all open into the common courtwhere so many factories are to be yard (see illustration). Here the found, is an enormous building full washing, cooking, and many other of girls and women engaged in the domestic duties are performed, so making of "alpagatas," a kind of that these people know nothing of foot-wear. Another is close by privacy or home-life as we underwhere girls are employed in making stand it in England and America. matches. In another, corsets are made; and there are many more. The servant-girls, too, are often One factory employs about nine pitiful drudges, and frequently have hu~dred girls, and others several two or three nameless children in hundred each. Altogether, in Buenos the Roman Catholic orphanages. Aires alone there are said to be some Scores of girls in South America toten thousand working-girls, the great day are mothers at fourteen years of majority of whom are between the age, and the baby grows up without ages of eleven and eighteen years. any knowledge of a father. They have been forced to leave the protection of home in order to aug- In Chili, there are women streetment the income of the family. Of car conductors, and' in Colombia the sad facts concerning the things women are employed as scavengers. that occur in these place,; among these work-girls a voh'lIne might be In Bolivia, the women of middle written such as could not be pub- age know nothing-as the mother of lished. Many are the vi,tims sacri- four daughters, who scorned the ficed, disgraced, and br(ltll':ht to thought of music, drawing, and emmisery. In the suburban t!i;tricts, broidery, said : "We just rock!" where the factories are most n.lmerous, many horrible stories might be A great work could be carried on told relative to the disgraces heaped among the women of Bolivia, for upon the girls, who are launched there are not only the wealthy "gentc into corruption from the moment decente," but Indians and cholas (or they enter the factory. To cite one half-castes). The Bolivian Indian instance: At the north end of the Mission is working among the latter. capital, where in one of the districts Among the "cholas" the women are various £actories are giving employ- very badly treated. They are the ment to the girls, at least thirty of beasts of burden, the servants of the girls have fallen into vice. One their lords, and seldom receive anypoor mother told of two daughters, thing but blows in return. Even a ages sixteen and eighteen, in one fac- bride of less than a month is not tory, who had fallen into sin as a surprized at having her face bruised direct .result of working there. and blackened or a tooth knocked out by her newly made husband. Poor creatures sometimes give as a reason for their immoral lives: "Why should we marry to be beaten? One

IN SOUTH

must endure the blows of a husband, business in life but to adorn themand there is no escape; but when selves and to spend hours on the there is no marriage, and life be- balconies hoping to attract the attencomes too hard, we can take our tion of some eligible young man. children and leave the man who iltreats us, and he can not force us Among the Indians and half-castes to return." the need is great, especially among the sick, for no Spanish doctor wit! Scarcely a "chola" can read, for touch an Indian. These people have altho they generally go to school for remedies of their own, the witch- A TYPICAL ';~ONVENTILLS/ OR GENERAL COURTYARD, IN SOUTH AMERICA a year or two at least, their time doctor making fried eggs, not into is mostly spent in a parrot-like repe- sal1dwiches, but pOUltices. Mashed tition of many prayers, and they beetles are considered good for rarely get much beyond the alphabet. ulcers, and dead frogs are an excel- Even when they learn t6 read a lent application for wounds. Herbs little it is soon forgotten when they of all kinds, rancid fat, newspaper, leave school, for they have no books pig's bristles, and unmentionable beyond, perhaps, a small book of things all find their place in their prayers. materia medica. Among these people the Bolivian Indian Mission is The women of the better class ministering, but "the harvest truly is great and the laborers are few; and learn little more than to read "pray ye therefore the Lord of the write. They leave school at twel I'e or thirteen, and after that have no

harvest that hoe will thrust out more hideous in the extreme, causing pain laborers into his harvest." by their awful misrepresentations to one who knows something of the There is great need for women loving heart of Christ. In one room doctors and nurses everywhere in as many as thirty-five of these pic- South America, for the physical con- tures were hung up, and a skull was dition of women of the lower classes, placed over the door." especially, is unspeakable. Consecrated Christian women are needed There are also the outdoor pato go among them, where disease tients to be attended, teeth to be and dirt reign to an alarming de- drawn, and patients visited, and the gree. What a. tremendous boon a nurses are oftentimes called up at mission hospital and a nursing-horne two o'clock in the morning. The would be in such cities of Peru as Spanish doctors will not go out at Cuzco, Arequipa, and Lima. Miss night, and so the people corne to Iza Elder, of the Evangelical Union the nurses. One day Miss Elder was of South America, in Cuzco, writes': summoned to the Urco Farm, some "Many of the mothers, having gained twenty-four miles out, to attend a confidence in us, corne again for little Indian boy. She says : "We advice and medicine for themselves left Cuzco at 10 p. m. on horsebJick. and their children. So our dispen- Darkness and the roughness of the sary work grows. One woman .re- road hindered our progress, but we marked the other day that we were arrived early in the morning, The 'more charitable than Christians !' boy had fallen from his horse, cut- This, of course, reflects on their idea ting his face badly, while one eye of Christianity." was completely lost. We admin- istered chloroform and put III five Shortly after Miss Elder's arrival stitches, and the little chap IS now she was called to a case about which doing well." she writes: "I prepared a nice basil) of warm water and was just ready to Nothing has been said of the vast put baby in for his first bath when interior of the continent. Here and two women rushed up, one on either there a missionary is working, and side. One poured in alcohol, and much of interest could' be told about the other a large cupful of greasy the women in Paraguayan Chaco, the soup. On asking the reason of this, Tereno Indians in the heart of I was told it was to make baby Brazil, on the river banks, and in strong! So with a smile and the the dense forests. If the women remark that I had not heard of .the who read this article will take their custom I manfully proceeded with South American sisters into their my work. This took place in the hearts and do something soon to house of one of the upper-class give them the Gospel, then this will people !" not have been written in vain.

"The darkness and superstition is For the time will COme when a Christawful. Many of the rooms we enter less host have the walls covered with pictures of the saints, and sometimes of the Will ll,ppear at the Judgment Seat, Savior-pictures, many of them, And shall it be said that her soul was lost For the message you did not repeat?'

PROTESTANT SERVICES IN WAR-TIME

Protestant church service held in Krugg & Company's wine-cellar, November 8. 1914 The MeAll Mission and the War'

BY REV. GEORGE T . BERRY, NEW YORK American Secretary of the MeAn Mission in France [JTJHE effect of the pres- are ministering to the wounded and ent world-war upon the dying. The big Frat'ernite at missionary enterprizes N antes is unde~ government requisi- is particularly acute in tion as a hospital, as is one of the the MeAll Mission. portable chapels, La Semeuse Bre- tonne. The director of one of the .. This work, unlike the largest mission-halls in Paris accom- panies a hospital ship to and fro from great Asiatic mISSIons, is located in Dunkirk to Brest. Other members of the McAll staff, who are beyond one of the countries actively engaged the age-limit, await in patient forti- tude and prayer the news from their in the struggle. Like Cromwell's own flesh and blood-Hnews" which, in some instances, has been but an cavalry, the troops of the enemy are unbroken silence for many months. Some of the noblest and best of our bivouacked in some of our houses of mission workers have paid the toll prayer, and the oldest of our chapel- boats, early in the war, was sunk in the river. From the battle with evil, some of our' strongest Christian lead- ers have been called to the trenches.

Others, as chaplains and orderlies,

of death, as by miracle God has A recent statement from the vet- spared oth(lrs whose efficiency has eran evangelist, Monsieur Hirsch, , made them indispensable. Of the preacher at the old Salle Baltitnore- habitues of the missions, many will the Dean of all our Paris establish- never return to their accustomed ment1;-reveals the nature of the places. situation: The situation is naturally one of "The reunions of the Salle Baltimore have never been suspended except during August and September, when they took place only on Sunday and Thursday.

Since October they have been held Sun- day, Tuesday and Thursday.

There has been no one at the door TO invite lieople to enter or to return ~., forrnerly. Nevertheless, those whom we calI the habitues have invited' others to come with them, and th6se who in pass- ing see persons enter in large numbers are interested to know the reason for the luminous sign, "Conference." Hearts are anguished when they are not broken, and it is not an exaggeration to say that the preaching of the Word is listened to with avidity.

Formerly conversation dwelt upon other subjects than that which led me to them. It was difficult to find a place for the Evangel. To-day it is the Gospel message which takes precedence of any- CENTRAL BUILDING OJ,<" THE MCALL MISSION, PARIS thing else. I can 'read, I can speak without encountering any difficulty, any grave concern, 90 grave as to lead obstacle or any lassitude. This is true an imaginative friend to say, "I sup- of men and women, young men and, pose you are all shot to pieces !" We young women, of patrons and work have, indeed, been hit, been hurt, people, intellectuals, Catholics and Protbeen obliged to suspend some of our estants, skeptics and deists. Sorrow is operations altogether, and to curtail the universal language. The Salle Baltithe services in many establishments, more is an admirable hall of evangelibut no work of God can be stopt by zation."

bullets, and, despitl! the temporary The war has provided an unparal- evacuation of some of our northern , ~led opportunity, in that it has given stations, the Egyptian darkness of us an unwonted chance to demon- the Paris streets by night, and the strate our Gospel-to reenact the absence of many leaders at the front, miracle of the Incarnation, and liter- the work of the Mission goes on, ally to make the word flesh to those deepening in intensity and increasing whose bread has been taken away.

in efficiency from Rouen and Amiens These lines will fall under the eyes to Marseilles and Nice. of many who have contributed to the

McALL MISSION AND THE WAit

Mission's relief fund for the women being closed in the absence of all and children of France, and it will the able-bodied men, those who were interest them to learn that the pro- left behind were found by our agent phecies of the director-in-chief have face to face with starvation. But the already begun to be fulfilled. soup-kitchen opened by the Mission is not like the bread-lines of our own In a recent letter, written in de- great cities, from which men too scription of the work already done often snatch their loaf and run to the through the eight ouvroirs (work- nearest saloon. Under the direction rooms) opened in as many of the of some of our own converts-no- Paris establishments, in which the tably a converted drunkard, since bedouble privilege is given of earning a A PORTABLE HALL OF THE MCALL MISSION small daily wage and of securing come a member of the municipal meals at minimum prices, Monsieur council-and under the emotional Guex wrote: strain of those who wait for evil tidings, the habitues of the Desvres' "In each hall this work is supervised Fraternite sit down to eat and drink by the Biblewoman, with the help of and rise up to pray! It is "grace bevolunteers, and I know that many of fore meat," and during meat and afthese women have benefited by their stay ter meat, and sympathy and, tenderin our ouvroirs, and a number who have ness and mutual prayers-a forenever come to us before, altho they no taste of the fellowship of those who longer need our material help, are now break bread in the Kingdom of God. regular attendants upon our meetings." The lamented Francis Monod, of The story of the soup-kitchen at Lille, co-worker at the Foyer du Peu- Desvres is like a reminiscence of the pie there, student for the ministry love-feasts of the early Churdi. The and anticipating the life of a foreign cement works and porcelain factories

ONE OF THE MCALL MISSION BOATS-SUNK EARLY IN THE WAR, AND LATER RAISED missionary, dead on the field o{ carry forward his campaign. Will honor, shortly before the fatal shot these-be forthcoming, and a great and was fired wrote to his gifted father, historic work thus saved from death, Pastor Paul Monod: and a nation regenerated?

"I am persuaded that this war will "Hitherto God has helped us," writes have great results for our country, for our director, and as for the future, how the work to be accomplished in her and can we be anxious when God has not by her. It will serve the cause of evan- ceased to give us proof of His comgelization both of France and of the passion? But the Mission Populaire is world in this generation." more necessary than ever to the people of Franch at this critical moment of her For the McAll Mission this is more history. There must be a renewal of than an invitation-it is a solemn her inner life, of her moral and religious challenge. The acceptance of that energies, and how can that be obtained challenge depends, under God, on without the preaching of the Gospel that those friends of Christ who would we seek to bring her? Help us! Conhave Him known and loved in France. tinue to support the Mission to which Many of these "friends" are to-day God assigns now a task as great, if not incapacitated from helping; England greater, than in the days of its infancy and Scotland, Switzerland, Holland, that followed the war of 1870." Alsace, even France herself can at the present moment do little or noth- I might cite many instances in eviing. To the loyal-hearted men and women of America comes the Mas- dence of the fidelity not only of those ter's call for the resources needed to who have gone to the front, but of those who have been compelled to stay behind, and whose efforts, while

McALL MISSION AND THE

• ARMY CORPS, AMBULANCE SERVICE In the center is a McAn Chaplain; with him, a Jewish Rabbi and a Catholic Priest less conspicuous, have, nevertheless, in numbers, has once again had an not been the less significant or pro- opportunity to demonstrate its imphetic.. In the absence of her hus- measurable influence in the life of band, the devoted wife has main- the French people. One of our Mctained the Mission's usual services, All chaplains, who has been daily in and, while awaiting heart-breaking the trenches since the war began, news from their sons at the front, bears witness in regard to the heroic not a few of our older directors and and Christian faith and death of one agents have, with heroic courage, car- of his helpers in the words of a comried forward our wbrk, both in Paris rade of the unfortunate man, who and in the provinces. In his annual gave his life for his country: "'VVe report our Director, whose eldest did not like him, we worshiped him. son, after distinguished service at the front, has twice been compelled to He was like a brother to us, our seek convalescence in a hospital-bed, exprest his hope for the future in the whole company weeps over him." most optimistic terms. Without a The twentieth century Frenchman word of complaint our Associate Director-whose first-born son has has proved himself the equal of the not been heard from since his wound, finest and noblest among mankind. received last August-continues his Once committed to the crusade of work of evangelization. Such high Christ, he will go forth as the leader and noble faith must have its re- of the world's hosts to the conquest ward. French Protestantism, small of the world in the name of the Son of God. The war ended, who can re- fuse his help to this incomparable crusader?

With R<;:>man

gT 'A MESSAGE FROM A FORMER CATHOLIC PRIEST I .HE writer was a Roman pathetic. There was no amused toler- Catholic priest. When ation, no wondering impatience. He was . 'he left the Roman com- explicit and painstaking, and he waited ;t!munion he decided that for Nicodemus a long while. ' ~o one should ever have A Catholic may come to a Protestant . ' a chance to catalog him when his mind is disturbed and his l'e- as an "ex,'" or a "non," or an "anti." ligious convictions unsettled. In deal- 1t was not a question of being afraid to ing with such a case the course is plain talk; much less was it a question of if you know just what you have to ac- having nothing to tell; the scandal- complish.

monger always can produce a sufficiency. The program of help is in three parts.

It was simply the result of his ambition 1. You must know how to abstain from to do and to be something positive. saying anything which will antagonize While he has, therefore, always regard- this Catholic brother. You must not do ed his experience in the Roman anything which would prove to him that Church as personal, as a phase in what he has heard of Protestant pre- his own religious development, it has j l1dice is well founded. 2. You must left him with a supply of first-hand point out the weaknesses of those points knowledge which he would like to share of Catholic teaching which are the very with his brethren in the Protestant min- essence of his prepossessions. 3. Lastly, istry, in order to enable them to deal you must explain to him some points intelligently and helpfully with the Cath- about Protestantism on which he is to- olics who come within the sphere uf tally misinformed.

their inft uence. 1. What not to say: Protestants who "go over to Rome" (a) No intelligent Catholic worships are uniformally treated with courtesy, images. The fact that in some parts of consideration and sympathy. It would the Catholic world there is every appear- be a pleasure to be able to record the ance of image-worship does not apply to same for Catholics who come over to the American Catholic, who does not Protestantism. There would be more worship images himself and doubts ii consideration and sympathy, I am sure, anyone anywhere does do it. To en- if their case were understood. large on this matter will not help him, There is only one Christ-like way to and will waste valuable time, and will c1eal with anyone who comes to you in convince him that Protestant sources of need of your ministry. Jesus' treatment information on religion are not reliable.

of Nicodemus is a fair example. Nico- Whether he does or does not know as demus was timid, ment;J.1ly bound to tra- much as you do, he thinks he knows ditions with which Jesus had no natural more.

sympathy; he came in the night and he (b) It is equally foolish to talk to did not immediately embrace the cause him as if you believed that he had been of Jesus Christ as his own. Jesus, how- forbidden to read the Scriptures. He ever, was tender and gentle and sym- never remembers having been forbidden * From The Expositor. to read the Scriptures, and any insist- 2. The Confessional.-In the confesence on your part will only convince him sional he has found the only sense of that you are biased and misinformed. pardon and relief from sin he has ever What has happened in his case is this: known. Here he has found what he behe has not been forbidden to read the lieved to be God's own assurance of for- Bible, but he has never been encouraged giveness. He has been taught to regard to do it.. It is sufficiently difficult to in- this as the one and only way open to him duce Protestant people to read it when of reconciliation with God. It holds him we not only do not forbid it but insist by the dominion of fear. He has never on it with all our power. Noone has gone straight to God with anything, and ever urged the Catholic to read it. More he finds it difficult to go straight to God than that, he has been imprest in many with this new difficulty. His condition subtle ways with the ·idea that the Bible is very painful. His very prayers arc is a difficult book to read; that the text mediated by the church and now, being is hard and the meanings obscure, amI at odds with the church, he can not that it would be better for all concerned achieve confidence in his prayers. His if he would read books written Ly very prayers seem to be offenses. Be scholarly Catholics who, presnma.liy, gentle with him. The "man who went read it intelligently and tell them what down from Jerusalem to Jericho anti to think. fell among thieves" was in an enviab:e condition as compared with this man. (c) Do not talk as II you were CJl1vinced that all priests and monks and 3. The Re'al Presence.-The docnuns were impure. For every case YO:1 trine of the Real Presence in the Euknow in support of your theory, he charist and in the Church is very real knows fifty men and women whose lives to the Catholic. He has been taught to compare very favorably with anything believe it from his earliest years. He he has seen among Protestants. He be- has never in his life entered a church lieves that all this talk is exaggeration, without making an act of reverence to it and, as a matter of fact, he is right. Tn and his convictions "grow with expresany case, your business is to help him, sion." He has found in it the only direct not vindicate your own opinion, q;nd this communion he has ever known. His won't help him. prayers have all been directed through this Real Presence. Now he feels that, Three Difficulties "if it should be true after all, he is really turning his back on Jesus Christ. He There are three doctrines of the Cath- has been taught that all doubts enterolic Church which make it difficult for tained are sins and here he is doubting the Catholic to get any other viewpoint the central fact of his religion. This than the one he has been taught. man is not just "superstitious," to be dealt with in a spirit of amused tolera- 1. The Primacy of Peter.-Tllis in- tion. What~ver your estimate of the volves the teaching and governing power basis of his suffering, the pain is very of the Church, the Catholic's rather real. vague, but altogether fearsome impressions of the "power of the keys," and Constructive Wark his suspicion that so old an institution as the Catholic Church must have some When all this work has been accomgood grounds for maintaining so vehe- plished what have you done? You simply mently that Peter was the first Pope and have now a dis-established Catholic. He that he passed on his authority to his is not a Protestant except in a negati 'e successors. This is really the founda- sense. You have now to remove some tion of all his habits of mind and his false impressions of Protestantism. He religious prejudices.

has believed in a religion which has a The Roman CathQlic has been relying ceremonial expression for every attitude on a religion of ceremonial and sacraand emotion. For penitential moments mental "props." His learning to walk he has the shadowy confessional, the religiously without them is a process. living confessor' in his robe and stoIc, His conversion will come in steps, and the whispered words of advice or reproof one step at a time. Don't make the misor consolation. In his moments of re- take of exploiting him in your prayerligious exaltation in the Holy Com- meetings. He will not expect you to munion-the only kind of real com- suggest it and will respect you if you do munion with Christ he knows- he has not. the hushed multitude, the dim religio;]s light, the solemn bell, the golden glow Remember, too that the Roman Church of the illuminated altar, the murmured does not let a member go without a fight words of the priest in his vestments, and to retain him. Every family tie and thcn the solemn laying on his tongue of every religious intiuence will be broug;1t the wafer which he has been taught to to bear to get him back. Cases diffcr, believe contains "the body and blood, and it will be a question for your dis· soul and Divinity" of Jesus Christ. ln cretion how you can help him. Lead the Protestant house of worship he se'!s him to read the Bible thoughtfully and none of these things which have been prayerfully, and explain its difficulties to associated in his mind with all the re- him. This will lead him to understand ligion he has ever known. It looks the simplicity of the Gospel of Christ "bare and cheerless." and the reality of direct access to Christ for salvation and power.

WHERE ROMAN CATHOLICS ARE SUCCESSFULLY REACHED Sunday afternoon, between services, in one of the MeAll establishments at Lille, France

DEI>ADTMENT ~

OF . •• ..~ .-~._I .'/ BEST METHODS ,., .. ,-.-…– CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK HOW EVERY ONE CAN WORK FOR very many had applied he would have MISSIONS found his resources taxed to the utmost.

I JI N the average missionary At the close of one of the great Lay- ~ society (as well as in the man's Missionary Conventions of the . average church) the ma- Southern Presbyterian Church, two pas- jority of members do tors were discussing this problem. almost nothing in the ~ way of individual wOl-k "Almost every speaker urged us to go home and put our men to work," said for mISSIOns, They come to the meet- one. "But I can't see how any pastor ings (when it does not interfere too could find enough definite tasks for all much with pleasure and convenience), the men in his church."

pay something in the way of dues, help "Perhaps I can help you," replied the occasionally with refreshments and go other. "There is a wise and simple home considering that they have done solution of the problem that holds good their duty. This lack of real work by no matter how many men there are in individuals is a great source of weak- the congregation. Let me tell you a ness. story from the experience of a well- The remedy lies in getting everyone known pastor as related by himself."

to share in the work instead of leaving The story was as follows. Tho not it all in the hands of the overburdened strictly missionary, it could easily be few. How can this be done? changed to make it so. The principle Years ago the Best Methods editor had holds good for any line of Christian work the great privilege of working under a. as well as for Christian living.

young Sunday-school superintendent "What's Come Over Murray?" whose methods were very nearly ideal.

He had a great desire to see his whole A young man came to me recently to school at work for Christ, and Sunday ask, "What Christian work can I do?"

after Sunday appealed to the members, 1 said to him, "What time do you get up young and old, to take up some form of ·in the morning?" definite service. But at length when one young girl responded to his appeals "At half-past six." and came to ask for something to do, he "What do you do after breakfast?" was dismayed to find that he had nothing "Go to the dffice, and work steadily until to give her! It was a perplexing and .1 go to lunch at twelve o'clock." embarrassing situation, but he soon "What do you do after lunch?" found something suited to her capabili- "Work steadily until half-past five or six, or sometimes later." ''What do you do after supper?"

ties which she was glad to do. But tf "Read the paper, or sometimes go to a

lecture or a concert. I'm too tired to do his oft-reiterated way of stating one of much." his fundamental principles.

"Whe~ would you do Christian work if At the Ecume~ical Conference in New I gave you any to do?" York in 1900, Mr. Eugene Stock named Moody's campaigns of 1874-75 and 1882- "I don't know." 84 in Great Britain as one of the prin- "Murray," I said, "God has so placed cipal causes of the immense advance of yoU, so filled your day, that I don't see the missionary spirit in England during where you can get time for much outside the last quarter of the nineteenth cen- Christian work. I don't think God expects tury. Yet these campaigns were not in you to add any Christian work to your any sense mIssIOnary. "Mr. Moody daily burden." never referred to foreign missions," said Murray looked at me a moment, and said, Mr. Stock. "But all the while there was "I guess that's so." being fostered a new sense of the claims "But wait a bit," I said. "Are there of Christ upon His people to do as He other men employed where you are?" bids them and go where He sends them." "Yes-a great many," he answered. "Do you do your work' as well as the The outcome was that men went forth rest, or not so well, or better?" -such men as John Kenneth Mackenzie, "Oh, about as well as any of them, I Wilfred T. Grenfel, and the Cambridge think." Seven-to carry the Gospel to the utter- "Do they know that you are a Christian?" most parts of the earth. Students of m;s- "'Vhy, yes, I suppose so." sionary biography are constantly amazed "See here, Murray, here's something you to find how great Moody's contributions can do. Do your work better than you to missions have been, in the men he inever did. Help the other fellow who is fluenced to give and go, and it was done behind, if you can. Let them all know that almost entirely through laying upon them you are a Christian, not hy talking, but as individuals a tremendous sense of reby living. Get in a helpful word here and sponsibility for the advancement of the there. Get some fellow to drop his oaths Kingdom of God in whatever place the or his beer. Show Christ living in you Lord called them to work. and controlling you. Preach the gospel among your associates by the best life you HOW CAN I HELP? can live with God's help. Will you try it ?" Two comprehensive lists of missionary He promised, and went away. Six weeks services that can be rendered by indilater I met the superintendent of the de- vidual workers have recently been ispartment where he worked. He said, sued-one for men' by the Kansas State "Isn't Murray one of your men?" Sunday-school Association, the other for "Yes," I said. "Why?" women by the Woman's Auxiliary of the "What's come over Murray?" he asked. Protestant Episcopal Church with head- "I don't know," I said. "I didn't know quarters in New York City. Both lists anything had." are worthy of careful study and prayer- "Well, there has. He's the best clerk in ful consideration. Every Christian the whole force, and has become so in the should go through them twice, checking last month. He's the best influence about first the things he is already doing and the whole place. The men all notice it. second the things he could and should be He's quiet, earnest, and full of a spirit doing. It would also be well to make a that imparts itself to others. Something typewritten copy of either or both and has come over Murray!" place it on the missionary bulletin board in the church vestibule. The lists are as Mr. Moody's Method follows: D. L. Moody's method was almost identically that of the foregoing story.

"I would rather put ten men to work thi-n to do the work. of tcn men," was

OF BEST

Twenty-five Missionary Services for Men HOW WOMEN CAN HELP'"

1. Serve on the class missionary com- PRAYER mittee. I can pray daily for the advancement 2. Serve on the church missionary com- of Christ's Kingdom. mittee. I can pray for individual persons. 3. Promote an annual church-wide mis- fields and needs and for onr Missionary sion study campaign. organization.

4. Conduct one of the discussion groups, I can pray for the reunion of Chrisfor men or young men. tendom.

5. Aid the church to make effective the I can make these ;ubjects of special United Missionary Programs. intercession once each month at the Holy Communion. 6. Help make missions a normal part of every organization of your church. READING 7. Furnish the church bulletin with fresh As I read my Bible I can mark each missionary items. text which bears on the subject of Mis- sions. 8. Make a larger use of the press for the extension of Christian truth. I can take some definite time each week to read my denominational mis- 9. Distribute widely some of the leaflets sionary magazine and other missionary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. literature.

10. Be a missionary intercessor. I can form a missionary reading circle. 11. Assume a prayer-responsibility for I can lend missionary magazines and some definite work and worker. books. 12. Promote prayer groups, meeting in I can mail magazines and leaflets to different homes. friends. 13. Be a "hilarious giver" of "the tenth and beyond." CONVERSATION 14. Be one of the canvassers for the annual every-member canvass for the weekly I can always speak of Missions with offering to missions. respect and affection, and on suitable 15. Assist personally and financially the occasions, with enthusiasm. community philanthropies. 16. In cooperation with other churches I can find opportunity from time to investigate and meet the religious needs of time to introduce the subject in talking the community. with my family and my guests; at table, 17. Participate in Gospel Team work, in traveling, at hotels, in winter and holding evangelistic meetings in shops, summer resorts, and visiting. places of business, and in the open air. 18. Visit rural Sunday-schools, aiding by STUDY address or song. 19. Help carry the Gospel to the neg- I can join a study class or a normal lected adjacent rural communities. class. 20. Hold religious meetings in jails or hospitals. I can teach a study class or organize 21. Show friendliness to foreigners, one. conducting English classes and gwtng pleasant evenings with stereopticon pic- THE PASTOR tures. 22. Correspond with social service work- I can talk the whole matter over with ers and missionaries. my pastor, show him my interest in Mis- 23. Help your church maintain a parish sions and my willingness to help. abroad. 24. Support a substitute Christian work- * Condensed and adapted from a leaflet, "How er on the foreign field. Can I Help?" cop,ies of which may be had from 25. Discover and help train missionary The Woman's Auxiliary, Church Missions House, leaders and missionary recruits. . 281 Fourth Avenue. New York City.

I can ask him to conduct a Bible Class GIFTS or a Class in Church History that will develop an intelligent interest in Mis- I can give myself to the cause of missions. sions at home or abroad.

THE PARISH I can study the means at my disposal and encourage myself to give constantly I can join the Woman's Missionary and increasingly. Society and help try to make it an ideal society. I can make my offering a glad and free-will gift, asking God's blessing)U I can give my personal help in the it. parish, trying. to upbuild it in spiritual things-the same help we expect mis- I can study: ways of giving up, so that sionaries in the field to give-in Sundayschool, choir, guild, with the poor, the I may have more to give. sick, the lonely, the depraved. GIVING UP TO GIVE MORE MEETINGS Those who are willing to adopt the I can have a drawing-room meeting last suggestion il} the foregoing listfor the Forward Movement, for the giving up in order to have more to give United Offering, or for a missionary. -will find abundant opportunity for it during the present month in the matter I can prepa~e myself to take part in of indulgence in cold drinks and frozen the meetings. dainties, the constant use of which is bad for one's health and robs the mis- Enlisting Workers sionary treasury of large sums that ought to find their way into it. I can keep a list of workers needed and help to find them by prayer and by "To-day in my Indian home many making friends with the young women memories throng upon me," wrote in the church and in girls' boarding- a missionary in India after her furschools, training-schools for nurses and lough. "One vision that often comes to teachers) colleges. me is of ice-cream tables and counters. I thiuk of the rows and rows of men, MISSION ARIES: ON FURLOUCH women, and children who every day, every hour, every minute, are consuming I can entertain missionaries in my mountains of ice-cream or drinking home for one meal or a longer stay. rivers of ice~cream soda. I think of the dimes paid for all this, and I covet them I can invite friends to meet them and for India. Truth, however, compels me give them pleasure-a drive, music, to say that, missionary's wife tho I am, flowers. in the awful iceless heat of my Indian home I have rather enticing visions of MISSION ARIES: ON THE FIELD those dear little mountains of ice-cream and charitable thoughts for the con- I can send Easter and Christmas cards sumers thereof. Nevertheless, I still to individual missionaries and mail them covet all those dimes for India." papers, magazines and books after reading. Last summer a Baptist man in an Eastern city read the statement in a I can write bright, cheery letters to woman's missionary magazine that ten them, expecting no reply. cents woul<.l buy either a glass of ice- cream soda or pay the rent for one Sun- I can dress a doll for a missionary's day of a room in which thirty children child or to be used as a reward to the from the street are gathered each week native children.

I can gather kindergarten, hospital and school supplies.

OF BEST METHODS

for Sunday-school in India. Whereupon 0, to do nothing, nothing! he wrote to the editor, Mrs. Helen Bar- Others who will, may work; rett Montgomery, a letter in which he complained that she had greatly dis- But I much prefer to be quiet, Life's burdens and cares to shirk. SODA OR CHILDREN-WHICH? Lilies and sparrows do nothing, turbed his peace of mind. "Just think," Yet all their wants are supplied; he wrote, "what this will mean to me tomorrow, and the next day, and for day~ Much of our' labor is wasted to come. I will start for a cool glass of And gets not a "Thank you" beside. soda-water and find in the bottom of the glass the faces of thirty street chil- Chorus-O, to do nothing, nothing! dren of India looking at ine !" 0 ; to do nothing, nothing! In the letter, however, he enclosed two Ministers-what is their trade dollars (with the promise of more) to be credited to the woman's missionary But doing the .work of the Master? society of his church, the purpose of the And for it they're pretty well paid. gift being, "to restore his peace of mind for a couple of weeks at least ." Of course, some people are fitted, Which I don't pretend to be; SONG OF THE CHURCH DRONE 0, to do nothing, nothing! They like to make speeches in meeting, Which is out of the question for me. Only to live at my ease; And swing in a silken hammock Chorus-O, to do nothing, nothing!

While fanned by a gentle breeze. 0, to do nothing, nothing! Sweet is a life of pleasure, That is the way to be blest; Sipping the honey of flowers; There can be no labor in heaven, Like a butterfly in the sunshine For that isa perfect rest.

Enjoying the golden hours. Rather do nothing, nothing, Chorus–O, to do nothing I Than always go bustling about, Trying if I can't do something, And never quite making it out.

Chorus-O, to do nothing, nothing I [Reprinted from THE MISSIONARY RE- VIEW of April, 1889.] MAKING CALLS FOR MISSIONS One of the most helpful and fruitful forms of individual missionary service is the giving of personal invitations to missionary meetings. This costs no money and not much effort, yet if every one made it a practise the army of mis- sionary workers would soon be greatly augmented. In a recent article in The Continent Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- gomery made a plea for such help, and gave a remarkable illustration of what one earnest worker can accomplish.

"For fifty years now," she says, "the women's missionary societies of the Protestant churches of the United States have been carrying on a beneficent and far-reaching work for the women and children of non-Christian lands. They have built schools, hospitals, colleges, have collected millions of dollars and

won great trophies for Christ in many are interested in knowing something of lands. But at the end of fifty years they our society," says a letter received from have only succeeded in securing the co- one of the members, "and I certainly operation of one-sixth of the women of would be pleased to tell you something the churches. Why is it? about it for we are very proud of it. A "Perhaps we have been content to gifted, consecrated woman laid the foun- rest down on a 'large auxiliary,' a dations years ago and when she re- 'flourishing branch,' with no urgency for signed to take a synodical office, the the nine-tenths, the three-fifths, or the presidency fell on the shoulders of a one-third yet unreached. There is many a succession of women, good and true, woman grieving because she can not who served the society faithfully and give more for the Christianizing of well. Then God raised up one who was women and children in heathen lands in every way fitted for the task. She who would add immensely to her effec- brought to it a life consecrated to the tiveness if she could see that her part work and was literally willing to spend of the task is to win recruits on the and be spent in it.

home field with all the persistance, "She has a charming persopality and prayer, ingenuity and devotion with at once undertook the work of person- which the missionary seeks to plant the ally visiting everyone of the three or empire of Jesus Christ in the foreign four hundred homes connected with our field. church. This, together with constant "A heartening instance lately came to reminders to the women of their duty light of the work of one girl in a single and responsibility caused the society to church. There were 350 women in it take great leaps in membership. She i;; and when she began only about fifty gracious in her manner to all alike and of them were in the missionary so- every woman was pleased to do what- ciety. After a year of calling, prayer, ever was asked of her. To God first explanation and invitation, during which who heard her prayers, then to this she made over 1,000 calls, the propor- devoted woman, the just credit of our tion was reversed. All but fifty of th,~ flourishing society is due. She is no women were enrolled in the missionary longer our president, having been called society as contributing members, and the to an important synodical office, out we contributions had incr,eased from $200 LO still have the inspiration of her examplt!

$1,200! . to help us in our work."

':When asked the secret of her amaz- During the past eighteen months the ing achievement she said, 'I prayed that Best Methods editor has been watching God would give me tact to say the right . with peculiar interest the development word; I studied that I might know the of a woman who has always been inter- facts; I distributed literature; I did not ested in missions to a certain extent (her scold; I always spoke of the love of husband was born in China, the son of Jesus.' " Presbyterian missionaries), but has Some months ago we heard of a mis- never done much active work. But on sionary society in Ohio that had made the accession of a new president in the the same phenomenal growth and wrote missionary society she evidently made to ascertain what method had been used. up her mind to do what she could to It proved to be the same-the personal help her. Every month, a few days work of one woman. But in this case before the meeting she either called her it was the president of the society who up on the telephone or made a personal did it. visit to her home to ask whether there "Incidentally I have learned that yOlt was anything she could do to help. She

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made it her business to invite people to not, perhaps, worthy of wiae adoption, the meetings and usually brought one but it proves two things-first, the pos- or more of her neighbors, in many in- sibilities of individual effort; second, the stances women who had never before value and power of small contributions.

attended. INDIVIDUAL PRAYER The results of her work have not been spectacular, as in the other cases In these days so much stress is laid cited, but she has done what she could on the power of united prayer that we and is gradually working into a place are apt to overlook the fact that the of great responsibility in her society. Scriptures teach that the "fervent.

£ 1,000 IN PENNIES effectual prayer of a righteous man availeth much." It is true that the One of the most remarkable instances "righteous" man was the great prophet' on record of individual effort for mis- Elijah, but it is stated that he was "a sions was inspired by the addresses of man of like passions with us." With his Alexander Duff, the silver-tongued mis- faith, our prayers may become as effec- sionary orator who is said to have ac- tual as his.

complished as much for foreign mis- The story is told of a church in which sions in the homeland as he did by his there was a great awakening among the great work in India. young people. No special efforts had In 1839 when he was raising funds heen put forth along this line and the for the buildings and equipment of his church was unable to account for it.

famous college in Calcutta, many in- But by and by it was traced to an 'old dividuals, especially Christian women, colored auntie who came early every b~came his ardent helpers. One lady in Sunday and took her seat in an unused London raised by her own exertions the gallery of the church. She knew every sum of £500. Inspired by her example body, and her old heart was so burdened two Scotch ladies of high birth, the for the young people that as they en- Misses MacIntosh of Raigmore House, tered one by one she prayed with all the Inverness, whose father had been the fervor of her earnest soul that God founder of one of the six great com- would touch their hearts and win them mercial and banking houses in Calcutta, to Himself. Her prayers were answered lIndertook the stupendous task of raising and by and by she had the inexpressible £ 1,000 in pennies, "each of which joy of seeing them, one by one, stand should represent so much intelligence, before the altar and publicly name the faith and prayer." name of Christ. She had literally prayed It was a plan akin to Carey's "penny them into the kingdom. Anyone who a week and a prayer." By enlisting a feels the burden of souls and has the great army of small givers (an English faith in God can do as much.

penny being two cents, it would take A wonderful instance of the power of something like 250,000 to make £1,000!) individual prayer is related in a little they hoped to arouse interest in mis- pamphlet entitled, "A Modern Pentecost sions in every parish in Scotland. in South China." Here in America the "Through indefatigable exertions," says invalid mother of a missionary in China Doctor Duff, "the object was at length began to pray for a revival on her loved really accomplished, and in carrying it one's special field and by and by it came out no doubt a vast deal of fresh interest in great power. Such was the mother's in the mission was diffused throughout faith that six weeks before the revival the church." came she wrote to her daughter from Such a method of raising money is….o-her s~ut-in home that God had given her

full assurance that her prayers for an rendering service to Christ along the line outpouring of the Holy Spirit had been of his secular employment. A good il- heard and that it was surely coming. lustration of this comes from the South.

At Gossner's grave it was said of him A few years ago Mr. Allan Nicholson that "he prayed up the walls of a hos- of Union, South Carolina, editor of a pital; prayed mission stations into being country newspaper, decided to see what and missionaries into faith; prayed open he could do to arouse interest in mis- the hearts of the rich and gold from sions through the columns of his paper. distant lands." With like faith any He began by devoting about half a Christian may do likewise. column in each issue to the trials, dis- comforts, discouragements and sacrifices USING TALENTS FOR MISSIONS made by those who leave home and "Who does all this beautiful letter- friends to do God's work in foreign ing?" asked a professor in an eastern lands. Then, early in November he college, as he examined the diplomas secured the nameS and addresses of all that were to be given to the graduates workers Sent out by those Southern . at the coming commencement. denominations having churches in the "Mr. W–, of the Savings Bank," territory covered by his paper. These was the reply. "He does it for us every he published together with an editorial year." in which he urged those of his readers Now it so happens that Mr. W– is who honored heroism to send to these a member of the Presbyterian Church in men and women, in time to reach them which the professor is a ruling elder, on the coming Christmas, at least a line yet he had never known that he could of good cheer and the assurance of do such work. That year there had prayerful interest in their work. The been great need in the church for some list itself made a profound impression. one to do lettering on posters for the Few had realized how large a number of bulletin board. But, tho Mr. W– is persons from the South were at work in a tnost obliging man and very faithful foreign lands, to his church duties, he had rendered no assistance along this line. Just why The editor himself set the example by is a question. As no one knew he could writing personal letters to the mission- do such work he was not asked to help; aries of his own denomination. Later as no public ,appeal was made, he may on it occurred to him to ask those to not have known the need; as he is a whom he had written to send him brief very modest man, he may not have been accounts, to be published in his paper, willing to offer his services. Whatever on "How I Spent Christmas." The re- the cause, the church, the cause of mis- sponse on the part of the missionaries sions, and Mr. W– himself, all suf- was so generous that the letters when fered loss. published occupied more than six col- One of the most important things a umns and furnished reading of a most church can do is to discover the talents fascinating sort. of its members and urge their use for Christ. No better way can be found 0f As a result some 7,000 persons, most developing individual service. of whom rarely if ever see a missionary Making Daily Occupations Count magazine, and who have no interest whatever in missions, read and enjoy~d Daily occupations, too, can be made these letters and came infO close contact to further the cause of missions. It is with the missionaries. What this editor surprizing how many opportunities the did others could do-and editors are not truly consecrated Christian can find for the only men who can make their daily occupation count for missions.

WODLD-WIDE

MISSIONADY NEWS EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES ford is still at the Church Missionary Orphanage at Nazareth, where abOut Britain'a Tobacco Bill 300 Turkish soldiers are quartered, for whom her ser~ices as a nurse are re- ACCORDING to R. P. Moncrieff, of quisitioned. The isolation of these and Newcastle-on-Tyne, the statistician other workers is a trial, but no doubt of the Anti-Tobacco League, the Brit- their testimony is being maintained, so ish t(j)bacco bill for 1914 amounted to that the things which are happening to over $160,000,000: This represents a these will fallout rather to the furtherconsumption of 110,983,215 pounds, or ance of the Gospel. an average of 10.80 pounds for every family in the United Kingdom. The Soldiers' Favorite Hymns increased consumption of 3.18 per cent. over the previous year, at a time when CANON SCOTT-HOLLAND, who almost every other form of luxury has ..J has recently paid a visit to the solsuffered, he attributes largely to the diers at Havre, writing in the CommoJlwidespread appeals for tobacco for the wealth says: "Never were such hymntroops. Mr. Moncrieff regards, "the singers known. They never tire of piteous appeals of the soldiers for tobac- hymns. No sing-song that does not culco" as "striking evidence of the hold minate. in hymns. You ought to hear the tobacco habit has upon the smo- the shout of their jolly voices. They all ker's system," and demands that "the in- have their favorites. And, tho we do a evitable cigaret" shall be rigidly pro- good deal in the way of 'Throw out the' hibited in the military hospitals, because life-line' or 'At the roll-call I'll be of the effect of tobacco in delaying the there,' or 'Hold the fort,' still far the healing of wounds. most popular are the best. Put it to the vote, and the strength of the §hout Misaionary Prisoner. of War will be for 'Holy, Holy, Holy,' or ,'Abide with Me,' or 'Jesu, Lover of my Soul,' TWENTY-FIVE of the London Mis- and very often for 'Lead, Kindly Light.' sionary Society's missionaries are They sing and sing, and if you give them a bit of religion they have their prisoners of war. Fourteen in German grip on it at once. They listen as they East Africa have been completely cut do not know how to listen at home. off from all communication with their There is no beating about the bush, and friends for many months. In Palestine no apology needed.' They want you to six Church Missionary Society mission- talk about religion right away. There aries have been under restraint, Dr. is no wall up between you and them. Sterling, of Gaza being kept in prison You need have no fear at all. Whatever for several days. In Turkish Arabia you, can give they are hungry to take." five men and women workers have been detained by the Turks. Five of the Palestine missionarieS /Were permitted to leave for Egypt. Miss E. A. Law-

THE CONTINENT manner of life has been changed and elevated. Dr. Thomson hopes that some- Basel Mission in War Time time the great English "Gypsy" evan- gelist may visit these new communities THE extensive and valuable work of of "followers." the Basel Missionary Society in both India and Africa has been seriously Bishop Muelson, of the Methodist hampered by the war. Tho Basel is in Church, also reports a revival at Varna. Switzerland, its missionaries are for the The whole city has been greatly stirred, most part from South Germany, and at and many have joined the Protestant the outbreak of the war most of the Church. students in the great Training Home were called to take arms in the German Poland'. Sufferings service. The Indian Government has interned many German missionaries at THE indescribable desolation and ruin various centers-64 men, 41 mission- which have been visited upon Bel- gium have their counterpart in Poland's aries' wives, 7 unmarried ladies, and 40 experience. Much less has been written and published of the Polish loss and children, in all 152 persons. suffering, but later reports from that In Africa, 120 persons have been re- sphere of the war indicate that it would be hard to exaggerate them. The cor- moved from their stations, 34 of the respondent of the London Chronicle thus men, chiefly mission-merchants, having summarizes the situation in part: Over been brought to England and interned a line of 650 miles some 3,000,000 Austro- there, while the ordained missionaries Germans and 4,000,000 Russians are and their wives and children were a.l- fighting each other. For more than six lowed to return to Germany. months they have been treading down and tearing in turn the Polish land and .Gypsy Revival in Bulgaria famishing and exterminating its inhabi- tants. The Poles have hitherto fur- REV. ROBERT THOMPSON, of nished 1,500,000 soldiers, almost equally Samokov, gives in The Orient an divided between the Russian and Austro- account of an awakening in the gyp:>y German armies. Up to now 400,000 of communities of Bulgaria. The revival them have been lost, killed, wounded, or has taken place at Golintsy, and has fol- taken prisoners. Everywhere the tide of lowed the preaching of a Methodist fighting has repeatedly overrun the . evangelist. Twenty families have con- country. It has submerged about 200 stituted themselves an evangelical towns and 9,000 villages. The material church, and at the dedication of their damages amount to more than 120,000,- church building, eight more conversions 000 pounds ($600,000,000). About 5,000 were registered. This gypsy community of these villages have been razed to the is fervent in spirit and intensely inter- ground either in battle or in retreat. ested in the spiritual welfare of their More than IOO churches have been puned orthodox neighbors. They delight in down and more than 1,000 badly dam- the singing of hymns. They study the aged. All stores of corn and forage Bulgarian Bible, but it may be necessary have ·been seized or destroyed and 1,000,- to provide them with the Scriptures and 000 horses and 2,000,000 cattle have been hymns in the Romany-the Gospel of taken for the armies or have perished Luke alone being now available in their for want of pasture; The rural popula- own tongue. A great exterior reforma- tion of 7,000,000 is r~duced to beggary. tion has gone with the spiritual change. All factories have stopt working. Many Homes. have been immensely improved- are greatly damaged; 100 very important girls as well as boys are going to school -faces are clean, daily language has been purged of evil-and the whole

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

ones have been destroyed. The whole distributed. Notwiths~anding what has of the industrial production amounting been done, how much yet remains un- to above $400,000,000 yearly, has been done. An appeal for another million ruined, and 400,000 workmen are now copies, such as is made, can not be without means of subsistence, together lightly passed by.-London Christian.

with a multitude of artisans and trades- German Missions in Japan men deprived with their families of any earnings. ORE. SCHILLER, a missionary of the German Protestant Mission, Jewish Missions in Galicia writes hopefully of the work, in spite of the war. The decree of the Presi- PASTOR ZOECKLER, who for years dent of the Cabinet, Count Okuma, or- has been employed by the Lutheran ders the authorities to treat the Germans Jewish Mission of Leipzig, and also by living in the land in a friendly way, the Danish Israel Mission at Stanislau, saying expressly: "We are sorry that we Galicia, as their mis'sionary among the were compelled to declare war against Jews in Galicia, has been forced to leave Germany, but we have not the least une his field on account of the Russian in- friendly feelings against German subvasion of the city. The large home for jects. Germans who live in the emchildren in this city also had to be closed, pire may remain here in peace; those and the children with their teachers had who desire to leave may do so without to flee for their lives. Pastor Zoeckler hindrance, and those who desire to has now been appointed superintendent come may also -do so. As long as they of the Deaconess Institute at Gallen- live peacefully and according to our kirchen. Pastor E. Clumsen of the laws, their occupations, their persons, Danish Israel Mission in Galicia has their honor, and their property will De been forced to give up his work among protected by the law." Missionary W. the Jews, and at present is at home in Gundert writes: "I have regular meet- Denmark.-Missionstidnig.

Another Million Bibles for Russia ings, and they are well attended. The NEVER in the history of Russia, so work of Germans in Japan is far more far as we are aware, has there been important than' ever before. Never was such a call for the Word of God as there a time for missions as now, so there is at the present time. The news hope for something great."-Calwer of the distribution to the soldiers at the Missionsblatt.

front, and to their families, who hitherto Spanish Mayor Studying the Bible have not possest the Scriptures, is most T cheering. Some are walking miles to HE Spanish Religious Tract and Book Society last year distributed get a copy, and when they receive them they show their gratitude in the most about 195,000 evangelical tracts, 130,- extraordinary ways. The very highest 000 copies of the International Sunday- of the land are engaging in the effort School lessons, and 15,000 Bibles and to circulate that Book, which alone can Scripture portions. The agent of the give real and lasting peace to the torn Society in J aen, Spain, reports that on and sorrowing hearts of those bereft the day after one meeting the priest of their dear ones, and also give like and his housekeeper told the landlord peace to thos'e who are so bravely fight- of the agent's house that he was circu- ing for their country's honor amidst so lating Anarchist literature. Then they many dangers. Last month alone more went to the maYOr, to the judge, and to than 340,000 Gospels and smaller por- the captain of the Civil Guards, but no tions of Scripture had been carefully one took any notice. A few days later

the mayor sent .an official to say that he are in their graves. But Jesus Christ, wished to read some of the books, and whose kingdom is to include all nations the agent gave him "The King who is and kindreds and tribes, is not encoming," a Bible, and four Gospels. tombed: He is risen. And all power in The village has been completely roused heaven and earth has been given unto by the evangelical literature. Him. That is our hope."-BrsHoP F.

War Reforms in France W. WARNE.

W AR conditions have developed in Mission Buildings Seized by Turks the French people a new spirit of idealism. Dr. E. W. Bysshe, superin- THE Turkish authorities have seized tendent of the Methodist Episcopal and confiscated the training coIlege Mission in France, writes that '''formerly frivolous, selfish, pleasure-loving, of the British Syrian Mission at Beirut, the all-absorbing purpose of the French also buildings at Baalbec and Damas- cus. The Edinburgh Medical Mission- ary Society's hospital at Da!llascus has to-day is to fight this war to a finish, in also. been seized.

the belief that lasting peace may thus The Missionary Herald states that a be secured not only for their own na- building of the American Board in tion, but for the whole world. Not only Asia Minor was seized, the cross upon has the war chastened and sobered the it taken down and a crescent substipeople of France, but it has added other tuted, and the building renamed the new elements to their character that are "Patience 1;10sque," in recognition of weIl worth while. Formerly materialism the patience the Turks have so long and socialism prevailed. A tremendous shown in hearing the bell call to Chrisspiritual awakening is spreading over tian worship!

the country which will, as I believe, Reports also come from Safed and produce a greater France to take her from Tiberias in Palestine, that the rightful place among the nations of the mission-school buildings' in those cenfuture." ters have been taken, by order of the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Turkish Government, and converted Christ and Mohammed into Moslem schools. The Scotch Mis- sion hospital at Nazareth was, however, I Na one of the villages in North India, continuing its work, at last reports, un- missionary was preaching in a ba- der the matron who chose to remain at zaar. After he had closed, a Moham- her post.

medan gentleman came up, and said, A Millllions on Sinai Peninllula "You must admit that we have one MISSION dispensary and a girls' thing you have not, and it is better than anything you have." The missionary school were opened a few months smiled, and said, "I shaIl be pleased to ago in the town of EI Areesh, 60 miles hear what it is." The Mohammedan from Gaza, Southern Palestine. The gentleman said, "When we go to our town, of some 8,000 inhabitants (all Mecca, we find at least a coffin. But Moslems), lies near the seashore in the when you Christians go to Jerusalem, northwest corner of the Sinai Peninsula, which is your Mecca, you find· nothing on the direct route from Egypt to Syria.

but an empty grave." The, missionary EI Areesh has come into prominence in replied, "That is just the difference. consequence of the unsuccessful Turk- Mohammed is dead. Mohammed is in ish attack on Egypt. Detachments of his coffin. The founders of all these the army, after passing through Gaza false systems of religion and philosophy and Beersheba, concentrated at El

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Areesh for their final advance against The Hindu'. Test of Character the Suez Canal. REV. R. A. HUME, D.D., of India, Canon Sterling, the Church Mission- says: "My experience as a mission- ary enables me to give some testimony ary Society missionary from Gaza, as to how Indians estimate the -influwrites: "Many anticipate the overthrow ence of the Bible on Europeans. In 40 of Turkey and her passing away from years I have had some intercourse with the scene of European and Asiatic poli- over a hundred officials in the highest tics. It will be the end of a long reign ranks of the Indian Civil Service. In characterized by oppression and tyran- the case of one assistant collector whom ny toward the alien races and faiths I had not then met, a Hindu came to within her domain. It will be a day of me and said, 'I know that this new asblessing for Christian and Jew alike. sistant collector is a" good man, because For the Armenians and other nativ~ every morning in his tent he reads a Christians it will be a restoration of re- book which we all know to be the Bible.' ligious and political liberty, the day of Later I became acquainted with that ofemancipation from the hand of the op- ficial, and have not been surprized to pressor and spoiler, and new doors for find him one who was most trusted by Christian work will be opened."

Indians, and that he rose very rapidly in INDIA the most eminent official service in the Medical Mi..ions on the Frontier world. Few things so depreciate an English official in the eyes of Moham- D R. ARTHUR LANKESTER, of the medans and Hindus as open disregard Church Missionary Society Medi- of the Christian religion."

cal Mission at Peshawar, on the Afghan Frontier, who has undertaken special Book. Which Evanselize work in connection with the prevention ATRACT society in India makes the of tuberculosis on behalf of the Govern- following remarkable statement: "A ment of India, paid a farewell visit to very large part of our sales of devo- Charsadda, a place of some 20,000 in- tional books such as 'The Imitation of habitants twenty miles from Peshawar, Christ,' 'In Green Pastures,' 'Come Ye Yhere three years ago he had the great- Apart,' 'Daily Light,' etc., are to non- est difficulty in getting the bigoted Mo- Christians. Such books are used by the hammedan inhabitants to allow one of very priests in the preparation of their their number to fulfil his promise to let discourses and prayers in Hindu tem- a sugar warehouse for a branch hos- ples. Whole communities are being inpital. The inhabitants held a tamasha fluenced in this way."

(demonstration) as a fervid expression The Rajah'. Thankofferins of gratitude for the work of the medical D mission, and Dr. Lankester and Dr. J. R. KUGLER is the head of the mag- nificent Lutheran hospital at Gun- F. Richardson were received with great e~thusiasm. Mohammedans and Hindus tur. They are just building a large new alike vied with one another in carrying wing, and the rajah has given a fine new out the most energetic and effusive dem- inn for the friends of the thousands of onstrations of appreciation. The change" patients. He gave it to the mission in in the attitude of the people from one gratitude for the life of his son, who of suspicion and actual hostility to one was saved in the hospital. Dr. Kugler of cordial good-will and friendship, is slept for two weeks out on the veran- entirely due to the agency of the medi- da near the little prince, who she feared calmis-sion.-Maslern W orid. would die. One night she heard foot-

steps. She did not move, but listened, these are well attended and are con- and in the dim light she saw the father, ducted by themselves.-MRs. E. P. DUN- the rajah of that great district, bend· LAP, Tap Teang, Siam. ing over the little white cot praying, "Our Father, who art in heaven," and The ·Laos Epidemic pleading for his son's life. God gave the little son back, and that. father has ABOUT 5,000 Laos have become given his heart to Christ. He has not Christians since the epidemic of yet had courage to be baptized, but it is thought that he will come in time. malignant malaria began in Northern OI:1e can see everywhere the love tho,e Siam. Many striking incidents illus- people bear the doctors and nurses at the trate God's power in saving both body hospital. and soul. In many instances, when some members of a family were restorerl Making Good Use of Idols to health, all the family would become Christians. One important feature of MISSIONARY in Travancore saw the work is a wide distribution of the A one morning a native coming to his Scriptures. The leaders among the new house with a heavy burden. On reach- Christians are being trained in the Theoing it he laid on the ground a sack. Un- logical Training-School, and schools fastening it, he emptied it of its con- have been opened for the children. tents-a number of idols. "What have Funds are urgently needed to take adyou brought these here for?" asked the vantage of the present opportunity. missionary. "I don't want them." "YOIl Gifts may be forwarded through Dwight have taught us that we do not want H. Day, treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, them, sir," said the native; "but I think New York City; or may be sent direct they might be put to some good use. to Rev. H. Campbell, Chiengmai, North Could they not be melted down and Siam. made into a bell for ~ur church?" The hint was taken. They sent the idols to CHINA a bell-founder, who made them into a bell which now summons the native The Outlook in China converts to praise and prayer.-Evangelical Christian. T the jubilee meetings of the China A Inland Mission, which were held in Three Generations of Christians in Siam London in May, the secretary of the Chinese Students Christian Union in T HE joy of seeing the third genera- England (Mr. K. L. Chau, B.A.) gave tion of Christians being brought to an impressive address on the outlook of . the church is great. Mr. Dunlap has Christianity in China to-day. In rehad the privilege of baptizing all three viewing the field, he found four great generations. One of the most powerful barriers against the advance of Chrishelps in the church is the mid-week tianity in China: (1) The revival of prayer service, where some of the most Confucianism; (2) the study of political earnest, well-worded prayers are offered economy and science; (3) an undue eleup by men who can not read a word, -and vation of education; (4) nationalism. we have marveled at them, and in listen- The other side of the picture, however, ing can not but feel that they are very is full of hope, and there are four great near the Master. The men also hold a forces which make for Christian adprayer service every Sabbath evening vance in China: (1) The Chinese leadin the different homes, while the women ers see the need of Christianity; (2) and .children have their own sen-:ice. All with the birth of the Republic there has been tlie dawn of the erl,L of religious freedom; (3) the. bond of superstit~on

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is breaking; (4) China is being governed duced some other students to join a by students. Mr. Chau then spoke of Bible class in Tientsin Union church. the work being done by the Chinese Presently most of these men were, bap- Christian Students Union in England.- tized. They became diligent in study, The Christian. patient in healing, and energetic in preaching the gospel in other schools. I Rejoicing in Self-Sacrifice have decided to become a Christian be- cause I wish to be like Christian men THE one big missionary feature that whom I have observed-a man with pure stays by me most notably from my heart, red blood, true patriotism, perfect zeal. I decided to make whatever perrecent trip to Asia is the glad self-sac- sonal sacrifice might be required in takrifice by native Christians in order to ing a public stand, in order to lead have and give the Gospel. Again and tempted and half-fallen young men into again this readiness to make great sac- paths of righteousness and morality." rifices in order to extend the knowledge of the truth imprest me. In Hang Chow Union Undertakings in China I found that our Chinese minister had recently received an offer from the city I N China, as in no other foreign misauthorities to take charge of the principal department in the public schools, sion field, union educational instituat just three times his salary. That sal- tions are being tried. A map of .China ary was $7.50 gold per month-just a and Korea, worked out by a Committee starving wage, for he had a fair-sized on Christian Education in the Mission family. But he did not hesitate for a Field, of which Dr. T. H. P. Sailer is moment to decline the offer, saying: the expert secretary of the American "China must have Christ, even if I section, shows 54 schools located in these starve." In other countries, instances countries that are under interdenominaof self-denial made voluntarily by tional auspices. They include IO colgroups of men and women were re- leges of arts and sciences, IS theological peated to me, many of them so great schools, 9 medical schools, 5 Bible trainas to touch me profoundly. Does not ing-schools, 6 high schools, 2 nurses' this fact challenge the Church at home? training-schools, and 7 normal schools. It ought to put us' to shame; but does it? Thirty-eight societies cooperate in one When we learn to draw the line between or more of these institutions, 22 Ameriour wants and our needs, we shall find can, IO British, 4 Continental, 2 reprethe realm of eager stewardship bearing senting Australia and New Zealand, more fruit than now.-REV. H. A. JOHN- respectively. Peking, Foochow, and Canton, named as 3 of the 7 important STON. union centers, are the only ones of the cities in which the American Board has Chinese Statesmen Led to Christ stations. Yet it is cooperating in IO institutions. In all three of these cities THE secretary of state of Chekiang plans are under way for still broader province, China, is a Christian. He union undertakings. In Peking it is anticipated that all the denominations determined to enter the church during represented will. combine in one large meetings held recently in Hangchow, Christian university, including profeswas examined, and in time baptized by a sional schools. At Foochow also a union Presbyterian missionary. Of unusual college or university' in which the six interest is a statement made by him in American and English societies workconnection with his receiving baptism. ing in that city shall join'is already ac- Wen Shih Tsen said: "My first impulse toward Christianity was received when I was a student in the medical college at Tientsin, and after President Liu in-

cepted by all in its plan, tho the lack of missionary at Changsha, as its general funds for property and equipment delays secretary. Next, it proposed the crea- the execution of the scheme. In this era tion of a new missionary district, over of China's huge awakening and clamor which it is suggested to appoint later a for education, it is inspiring to see the native Bishop, either as an assistant to Christian forces getting together to pro- one of the European Bishops or as an vide some worthy and commanding in- independent administrator. It also be- stitutions of learning. ~an the wor~ of creating a ,general On the Chineae-Tibetan Border theological seminary for the education of the native clergy; it promulgated a MR.. J. H. EDGAR, in the eight Book of Offices, considered the revision months which have elapsed since of existing rules on social and racial rehe was appointed by the China Inland lationships, and decided upon a cam- Mission to Weikiu, has traveled 2,025 paign of education by means of a series English miles, and sold more than 13,000 of periodical publications in Chinese. Scripture portions and other Christian All these are strategic moves of the booklets, about one-fourth being in highest importance and mark an ad- Tibetan script. Of a recent journey he vance in constructive planning that is writes: "My destination was up a deep bound to have far-reaching results in ravine to Tsaopo, in the Washi terri- the future.

tory, a journey by no means easy at any The End of Opium in China time, but now made almost impossible O by broken rope-bridges, torrent-rent N the authority of the National Re- view, published in Shanghai, it is roads, rolling rocks, and blazing sun.

At Liang-ho-k'eo I found one of my stated that a scheme has been formul- 1907 enquirers, who, altho lost sight of gated, approved by all parties con- all these years, is giving a sure testi- cerned, under which the opium stocks mony in the wilds of Washi. In my_ at Shanghai and Hong Kong will he work I am careful to leave only anno- purchased by the Chinese Government, tated Gospels and simple tracts, and I to be applied for medical purposes only.

am confident much of the literature is It is certainly not to the credit of Great understood. The tracts, books, alman- BritaIn that it has been left ttl China to acs given or sold to Chinese, Tibetan, bear the cost of buying up the stocks of or Kairurig-speaking peoples amounts to Indian opium. The Chinese Govern- 1,600 portions. This will mean that the ment is going steadily ahead with its greater part of the Washi population, policy of opium suppression, and is de- and the Chinese of the border towns and vising means whereby the whole traffic markets have heard the Gospel." shall cease at the end of this year. The The Churc:h in China provincial governments are also doing their part. Much credit for the sup- THE Spring Synod of the Episcopal pression of opium-planting in Fukien is Church in China, which was held at due to a Christian, the head of the Anti- Shanghai, was attended by the Anglican Opium Bureau. "Drastic measures were and American Bishops, the native and employed by the government. One man foreign clergy, and a select body of lay- was shot for planting opium poppies. No men, representative of nearly all the opium will be harvested in Fukien this more important mission-stations. This ~ear. Stringent measures were also Synod decided some important questions. taken against the smoking of Indian It created a Home Missionary Society, opium, which was smuggled into the and selected the Rev. S. C. Hwang, a country from Amoy. A moderate smo-

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ker, with present high prices, must spend year; 759 adult natives were baptized about six shillings a day for the pure against 1,217 the past -year. This dedrug. Consequently, many are perforce crease can be explained both by the war turned into abstainers. On the slightest conditions and the smaller number of suspicion of a litigant being addicted to workers. Hong Kong and Khitschung the vice his opponent charges him with are unoccupied. Longheu was also for it, and, if true, the opponent scores." some time without a European mission- ary. There are 122 schools, with 4,928 Influence of Japan in Manchuria pupils, against 112 schools, with 5,151 pupils, last year. This does not mean HOW will the recent action of Japan a very considerable decrease, and can in the Far East, and especially in be explained by the war. Manchuria, affect missions? Hitherto the presence of Japan, and her great in- JAPAN-KOREA fluence in Southern Manchuria have not been detrimental to Christian mis- Dr. Speer'. Comments on Japan sions. During the Russo-Japanese war the Scotch Presbyterian missionaries, ROBERT E. SPEER compares his especially the medical missionaries, re- present visit to Japan with one made ceived many expressions of esteem from eighteen years ago, and sums up his im- pressions as follows: military and civil officials, and the y. "Externally there are fewer changes M. C. A. of Japan, which was run by in Japan than I had anticipated. I see Christian missionaries, was very highly no such outward changes as one sees all appreciated by the Japanese Govern- over our country, but inwardly there has ment. There has been a Japanese Chris- been great change, and in nothing more tian church in Mukden for a number of than -in the place and influence of Chrisyears, and some of the highest Japanese tianity. Eighteen years ago, when I officials in Manchuria are well disposed was here, audiences were small, and the toward Christianity, if not themselves government schools were closed to professedly Christiah. There is, there- Christianity, the churches were shabby, fore, judging from their bearing in the and torms of worship ragged, and the past, no reasonable· ground for appre- temper of the nation was distinctly antihension that their attitude toward Chris- Christian. Now great congregations tian missions will be other than friendly. come to hear the preaching. Worship has grown far more fervent. The na- Basel Mission in China tion 9penly confesses its need of re- ligion. I wish you could have seen the THE Evangelische Missionsgesell- eager faces _of the students, or looked at schaft in Basel has received the re- that great gathering of attentive men in port from China concerning their mis- Osaka, and heard old Mr. Morimura, sion workers, congregations, schools, the millionaire business man from Tokand pupils in that field: The number of yo, speak to them of the nation's moral workers is 71, 13 less than last year (35 needs, which could only be met by faith ordained missionaries, 2 teachers, 1 in God. We have been greatly imprest medical missionary, and the general also with the strength and ability of treasurer, 29 wives, and 3 sisters). T;le the best Japanese pastors. Mr. Fujidecrease can be explained by the fact moto, who interpreted for me in Osaka, that during 1915 some missionaries had is a man after one's own heart, eager, – gone home, but no missionaries could be glowing, vigorous, and instantly responsent out during the year. The total sive ·to the deeper notes." number of native Christians January 1, 1915, was 12,506, against 12,185 the past

I Aeroplane Evangelism ]850, while that of the individual is N a strenuous mission campaign on a about six times as great. The exempt large scale at Osaka, Japan (May l- real estate, which was estimated at 15), the novel plan was used by MI'. $12,314,000,000, or $129 per capita, in Sakamoto, an aviator, of scattering 1912, includes the buildings, other struc- printed lectures from an aeroplane over tures, and public works owned by thc the city, writes Dr. Nitobe, one-time ex- Federal, State and local governments, change lecturer sent to American uni- with the land on which they stand, to- versities. Colonel Gumpei Yamamuro of gether with such real property of educa- the Salvation Army in Tokyo, and other tional, charitable and religious institu- prominent Christian workers assisted at tions as is exempt from taxation. The the special meetings. American Christians only give about $16,000,000 a year to foreign missions, or "TKorean Villagers Banish the Saloon ·50 cents per capita for church members. HE other day," writes Rev. John Z. Are We Reaching Our Share?

Moore, a Methodist missionary, "I E have in North America 24,000,- W visited a busy little Korean village, not 000 Protestant Church members, far from Pyeng Yang. Eight years ago' it had twenty-five houses and eight and about 14,000,000 or 15,000,000 saloons. Now it has sixty houses a:1d Roman Catholic members. Added tonot one saloon. Only three or four gether, these make almost one-third of drinking men are to be found in the the population of these two countries; in whole place. Many entire families have other words, if we divide our field ro been converted, and there is said to be be reached in North America by the at least one Christian in ('very home. A number of us that ought to be active as thriving school work is another hopeful Christian workers, each one of us has sign. Much credit for all this adyance to reach two persons in order to make is due to the wide-awake native pastor," North America wholly Christian. Against that, every missIOnary has NORTH AMERICA 70,000 people to reach, or a field exactly Wealth of the United States 35,000 times the average size of the field of each one of us here at home. Yet T HE national wealth of the United some of you, in your thought about your States is officially estimated at tremendous importance, are wondering $187,739,000,000. or $1,965 for each man, whether this country or Canada can get woman and child in the country. Such along if you happen to decide to g-o are the figures contained in the special bulletin, "Estimated Valuation of Na· away !-J. Campbell White. tional Wealth, 1850-1912," issued by Receipts for Miuions-a Correction B Director S. L. Rogers, of the Bureau of y mistake the amount of the income of the Board of Foreign Missions the Census, Department of Commerce.

In less than two-thirds of a <;entury- of the Methodist Episcopal Church was from 1850 to 1912-the total wealth of given as including the Woman's So- the nation, excluding exempt real estate, ciety. This was an error. The General increased from $7,136,000,000, or $308 Board received $1,588,755.29 and the per capita, to $175,426,000,000, or $1,836 women gav,e $1,096,228.27, a truly grand per capita, the percentages of increase total of $2,684,983.56.

being 2,358 for the total and 496 for the There were also some errors in the per capita amounts. In other words, the figures for increase and decrease of gifts.

wealth of the nation as a whole is nearly The Baptist Foreign Missionary Society twenty-five times as great as it was in increase amounted to $253,475 (includ,

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ing gifts to deficit), and the Baptist of their inability to give money have Home Missionary Society increase w:ts been enlisted to give a day of prayer. $91,877. The Southern Methodist necrease for Foreign Missions was $60,530. A Million Dollar Goal Reinforcements for the Front THE United Presbyterian Church, HE annual candidates' conference c)f 'u. S. A., which is already one of T the American Board brought together forty-three of the sixty-six young the largest per capita givers to mispeople whom that Board is sending out sions, raised the standard in its General this year. Eleven had already sailed. Assembly (Loveland, <;:olorado, May The company included several represen- 26-June I), of one million dollars for tatives of well known missionary fami- its Mission Boards this year. The imlies, Riggs of Turkey, Fairbank of India, mediate plan calls for an expenditure of and Cary of Japan. The 'wide range of $750,000 or $5,00 per capita. Of this service under the American Board ap- amount foreign missions received 40 per pears in the fact that among the new cent. for the work in India, Egypt, and missionaries one goes abroad as a far- the Sudan, and Home Missions 30 per mer, one as a printer, several as nurses, cent. for its 230 missions in America.- doctors and teachers. All sections of R. A. Hutchison. the country had their representatives, from California to Massachusetts, from Congress on Christan Work in Latin the Carolinas to Maine. The Presby- America terian Board reports seventy-six new and returning missionaries going out HIS is the new title adopted for the this year. T coming Panama Conference on Mis- sions in Latin America. The "One Day's Income" Plan The word "Congress" expresses to the HE plan of appealing for a special Latin mind the idea of a deliberate as- T gift of one day's income adopted lJY sembly much better than "Conference" the Episcopal Board to raise an emer- ("Conferencia," usually signifying a gency fund of $500,000 has met with ,a '·lecture"). "Christian Work" will better gratifying response. One of the Board designate the scope of the Panama meet- Secretaries writes: "We have never ing, inasmuch as the problems of inhad anything which so appealed to the dependent churches and institutions in imagination and stimulated the con- these fields are to be discust as well sciences of our individual givers. There as those directly under missionary ausis not the slightest doubt that as a defi- pices. It will please Latin American nite, appropriate and Christian plan, friends better because it does not seem giving the one day's income or wage has to class them am01~g heathen tribes, and made a deep impression on those who will cause the Panama gathering to be have really stopt to consider it." much more sympathetically considered all over Latin-America. At the date of our going to press, the fund amounts to $257,000. The Anniversary of Lull's Martyrdom Many reasons might be given for the SIX hundred years after the martYi– success of this movement, but first among dom of Raymond Lull brought to an them would surely be the practical, defi- end his apparently useless efforts to connite and personal nature of the appeal. vert Mohammedans to Christianity, a Much has been made of the power of number of commemoration meetings prayer, and persons writing regretfully were held in Great Britain and America. At these, special prayer was offered for the conversion of these two hundred millions of the antagonists of Chris-

tianity. In Philadelphia, and New Religious Forces at San Francisco T York, and in Twilight Park, in the Cat- HE American fondness for conven- tions is in full swing at the Panama skills, such meetings were held on June 30th. At the last-mentioned place a Pacific Exposition, under the auspices of notable company gathered at the invita- which 825 such gatherings are being tion of Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Olcott, and a held in the course of the year. The powerful address on Raymund Lull was great $2,000,000 auditorium, built for· the delivered by Dr. James M. Cantine, one purpose, can accommodate twenty-one of the founders of the Arabian Mission. conventions at the same time, and the Another address, given at the same time largest of its halls has a seating capacity -and place, by Mrs. E. E. Calverly on' of 10,000. A large proportion of these Women of Arabia, will later be pub- conventions are religious in character, lished in the REVIEW. and many of them revolve about the Moral Conditions at the Exposition idea of peace on earth. The diversity and yet the united in- MORE than two years ago the Fed- terests of the religious organizations of eral Council of the Churches of the country are being demonstrated in Christ in America petitioned the Ex- another form in the great religious ex- position authorities and the Mayor of hibits, displayed in the Palace of Edu- San Francisco relative to moral con- cation and Social Progress under the ditions at the Exposition. direction of the Federal Council of A voluntary committee, representing Churches.

several social and reform agencies, in- Not only has the field of the consti~ cluding the American Social Hygiene tuent bodies of the Federal Council been Association, the Young Women's Chris- fairly covered, but other agencies, either tian Association, and other similar officially or practically recognized by the bodies. has also been bringi~g constant Evangelical churches, are also included.

pressure to bear. In connection with the exhibit a So far as securing promises and moving-picture room seating 200 people, formal acknowledgment of responsibility, affords opportunity for daily.illustrated the moral forces of the nation were vic- lectures upon the Home and Foreign torious. The official attitude of the Mission Work, Sunday-School, Educa- Mayor of San Francisco and of the Ex- tional, Social Service, and the Temper- position authorities has been satisfac- ance Work of the federated Evangelical tory, but the actual conditions on the churches. Bulletins are displayed from grounds do not meet these expectations. day to day announcing the special fea- Liquor is sold at all but one of the dance tures and program for the day.

halls and cafes dansants on the Zone. The Big Sister Movement Many girls have been found intoxicated T in or near the grounds, since the Ex- HE Young Women's Christian Asso- ciation of Madison has been enlistposition opened, tho fewer now than at first. ing girls in the University of Wisconsin Some of the concessions are decidedly in various forms of social activity.

objectionable. Several organizations, Among these is a Big Sister movement, notably the Young Women's Christian which cooperates with the Madison pro- Association and the Travelers' Aid So- bation officer. Seventy-five girls act as ciety, are doing protective and preven- big sisters to girls between the ages ~f tive work on the grounds. The number nine and sixiteen, guiding and aiding of unemployed young women constitutes them in a variety of ways. Once a week one of the special dangers. the two sisters, big and little, meet for

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diversion-basket ball or friendly inter- 300, is well filled at every service, and cours'e. The social service committee is at least three of their number are abJe also in charge of a social room for fac- to take charge of the service and tory girls at the city Y. W. C. A., and preach. What a testimony to the trans- has complete charge of two campfire forming power of the Gospel !-The groups-one for factory and the other Living Church.

for high school girls.

THE Catholics in America LATIN AMERICA official Roman Catholic Directory An Overlookecl Mission Field of the United States for 1915, just published, contains the statistics of the T HE neighboring republic oJ Hon- duras presents a mission field of Church for 1914. In the United States great need and opportunity, which has proper there are reported 16,309,3TO Ro- hitherto been almost overlo()ked. The man Catholics, a gain of 3,846,517 in the Church of Rome has been at work there last ten years, aI).d a gain of 7,231,445 for nearly five hundred years, but the during the past twenty years. According ritualism and idolatry .of the pagan to the editor, at least TO per cent. should aborigines have simply been supplanted be added for "floating" Catholic popUla- by so-called Christianized forms, little tion, of which no record can be kept. improved and equally abortive.

There are 18,994 Catholic clergymen in Politically, the country seems to have the United States', with 14,g61 Catholic reached a coveted tranquility, and is, churches, showing 310 new Catholic with a wise and conscientious and pop- churches established during the past ular president, upoo the upgrade.

year. It is to be borne in mind that the The first evangelical mission is just whole Roman Catholic population, not being established in Tegucigalpa, the merely adult membership of the Church, capital city, by the Friends Church of IS included in these figures. California. One year ago the Central American Mission made a good begin- From Heacl-Hunters to Christians ning in Comayaguela. It seems that hut four of the sixteen great departments of SOME forty years ago, when a British the republic, with a population approxi- admiral cruising in northern waters mating 500,000, have evangelical mission stations thus far. anchored off the Indian town of Masset on Graham Island, British Columbia, a The Gospel in South Brazil chief drove his war canoe alongside the man-oi-war. A covering which con- T cealed some object in one end of the HE Rev. C. A. Carrie! of Curityba, Brazil, writes: "I have come back canoe aroused the admiral's curiosity and he questioned the man about it. from my first itinerating trip thanking With pride the chief lifted the covering, God for the insight I have into the real revealing a heap of the gory heads of life of the Brazilian, with a new faith his enemies! in God and a new sense of the great Recently the Bishop visited the home opportunity to preach the Gospel in of this man's son, and found a Chris- South Brazil. The people are more tian family, who entertained him in open to the message of the Master than their home with every evidence of T had supposed, in fact they seem to ~e comfort and refinement. The change waiting for what Protestantism lias to had been wrought by a mission of the 'lffer them."

Church of England. Every' native in Mr. Carriel's work was not only to the place is an enthusiastic Christian. preach the Gospel to those who had not Their place of worship, which holds heard it, but to strengthen the little

.bands of Christians already formed. Of faction, he was suspected as a partisan San Francisco of the South he writes: and put in jail, where he barely escaped "Imagine a church whose members are execution. During his absence from of the first generation of Protestants, Paraiso, his house was looted and the who are surrounded by the most de- school building was set on fire.

grading influences, and who have some- Mr. Coffin is now at San Juan Ball- times passed a whole year without a tista, where he has rented property for single visit from a minister. But this his school, and is bringing his orphans IS what we found here." to this new location to get started on a South American Students more permanent basis. 1t is a large undertaking, but he expects to carry the T HE students of South America 0nterprise to success. The present State present a striking field for mISSIOn- Government is very kindly disposed toary effort. From Mexico to the Straits. ward the school.

it is estimated that there are not far AFRICA from 40,000 university students, besides thousands in preparatory schools. These Drawback& of Islam universities recruit their students from the ruling classes of their respective "I NFANT mortality," according to countries, and, when they have finished their courses, these students go out w Bishop Hartzell, "is enormous in take places of power and responsibility. Mohammedan lands. In Algeria it is said to be 60 per cent., in Egypt and Like students of other lands, these Morocco over 75 per cent. Illiteracy Latin-American students have great also is a shocking drawback. Almost temptations, and being without strong, 95 per cent. of the Mohammedans in spiritual undergirdings, it is not sur- Asia and Africa are unable to read and prizing to learn that many of them fall. write. Superstition, belief in witches, [n the university life of our southern the evil eye, the use of amulets, prevail neighbors there seem to be few of the everywhere among these peoples." strong constructive religious and moral The Liquor Traffic and the War A influences that mold the students of the BENEFICENT issue of the war might reasonably have been ex- United States and Canada. The univer- sities are giving the most destructive pected as regards West Africa, namely, interpretations of philosophy, the most that the disastrous liquor traffic should materialistic conceptions of life, and are have been brou~ht to a standstill. For doing nothing to counteract the tempta- Germany has been incontestably the tions that are destructive to character. chief manufacturer as well as exporter War Orphans in Mexico of spirits to Nigeria. In a paper re- cently read before the Royal Colonial A SCHOOL for Mexican boys carried Institute by Mr. R. E. Dennett of the on for some years in Paraiso by the Forests Department in that Protectorate, Rev. Jose Coffin, a Mexican Presbyterian the following striking figures were minister and his wife, has been destroyed given: "Gin and Geneva, Great Britain, by the ravages of the revolution in £9,570-Germany, £92,034; Rum, Great Mexico. It will be opened up anew in Britain, £928–Germany, £16,640." Yet San Juan Bautista, for children made· so far from the traffic having been stopt orphans by the war. through the arrest of Germany's oversea Mr. Coffin engaged in Red Cross work commerce, Bishop Tugwell has stated upon every opportunity, but on one occa- that the only difference during the first sion when he buried nine soldiers in one five months of the war had been that

9 1 5] WORLD-WIDE MlSSION, ARY

instead of being shipped at Hamburg in making enquiries regarding a suitable German vessels, the liquor had been sent site for the new depot. For this build- from Rotterdam in English ships. Some- ing a generous friend of the Society in thing even worse would seem to be in London has given a special donation of contemplation. The figures quoted £500.-The Bible in the World.

above appear to have been regarded as an argument why England ~hould cap·· ISLANDS OF THE SEA ture this dishonorable trade and begin to make the export liquor, assuming I South Sea Dancing thereby the fullest measure of respon- N the South Seas the missionaries have sibility for the harmful traffic. a constant struggle to prevent a re- crudescence of tribal dancing with its African Inland Mission ' immoral features. Here, too, they meet T HE Africa Inland Mission (Philadel- the French official. Mr. Hadfield of the phia), of which Charles E. Hurlburt Loyalty Islands describes the immense is general director, has five missionaries appreciation this individual has shown in German East Africa who can not l)e for a revival of heathen dancing at Mu, reached. Efforts to transmit funds The visitors included M. Cane, chief of through the United States government the bureau of native affairs, the presi- have not succeeded. dent of the New Caledonian parliament, This mission has 110 missionaries, and and the mayor of Noumea. M. Cane, in 25 candidates are being considered by a speech which was translated verbatim the American Council. Recently 14 fur- for the large concourse of natives', eulo- loughed workers and nine new workers gized Bula, the great chief who had or- returned to the field and four new sta- ganized the fete, and exprest his earn- tions were occupied in British East est desire that old customs and pastimes Africa. A hospital has bee'n equipped should be revived. He assured his hear- at Kijabe through the gift of a friend. ers of his readiness to protect them Thus a great need has been met. The against interference from any source mission is conducted on similar lines as whatever. The names of all Bula's sub- those that characterize the China Inland jects who refused to dance were entered mission. in his black list for future punishment, The Bible in Abyssinia Two pastors· absenting themselves were AGAIN and again, in God's good complained of to the government. providence, we find that when one MISCELLANEOUS door shuts, another opens. With the ap- proval and aid of the Archbishop of "The Poor Heathen"

Abyssinia the Bible Society is establish- "pEOPLE talk complacently about ing for the first time a depot at Adis the 'poor heathen.' Why 'poor'?

Ababa, Mr. Henry Athanassian, who is Because the heathen have not received an Armenian by birth, set out from Port their share of the inheritance which the Said early in the present year to travel Father left us to give them. What to the Abyssinian capital, where he will shall we do about it? There is only one act as otlr sub-agent. He has reached thing to do. Have you an inheritance?

this destination in safety, with about Is it worth anything to you? Would 1;400 copies of the Scriptures-in Am- you part with it and go back to th~ state haric, Ethiopic, Coptic, Arabic, and of poverty your heathen brother lives other suitable versions. These books in? If then it means anything to yOtl, Mr. Athanassian will endeavor to dis- why should you not find a joy in bring- pose of in Adis Ababa, while he is ing your brother and his waiting in-

heritance together? Yes, there is only ducted missions,' preached the Gospel, one thing to do, and that is to take that and conducted missionary conferences. inheritance to him and make him un- Rev. F. B. Meyer says of him, "He was speakably rich. You do that when you richly gifted, and might have stood for pray for missions, give for missions, and the portraiture of the man with five especially when you offer yourself for talents." missions. While Christian nations just now are dealing death to the missions, Th. Waldmeier of Syria how necessary for the Church to bring life !"-TheLutheran. THE fate of the insane in non-Chris- OBITUARY NOTES tian countries is unspeakably sad, and the ministrations of Christian mis- Dr. J. H. Wyckoff of India sionaries to them recall the deliverance of the Gadarene demoniac. The men- T HE Rev. Dr. John Henry Wyckoff, tally afflicted in Bible lands have lost a President of the Theological Semi- devoted friend in the recent death of nary of Vellore, India, and a missionary Mr. Theophilus Waldmeier of Beirut. of the Dutch Reformed Church in that A Swiss by birth, the early part of his country for more than 40 years, died in life was spent. under the Basel Mission June at Kodai-Kanal, India. He was in Abyssinia. In 1870 he went to Syria, horn at Raysfield, N. J., in 1851, and was where he developed a flourishing station graduated from Rutgers College in 1871. with all the regular departments of Three years later he was graduated from work. In 1896 Mr. Waldmeier relhthe New Brunswick Theological Semi- quished this, to dedicate the remaindoer nary and went to India as a missionary 0f his life to the mentally deranged. He of the Dutch Reformed Church. erected the Lebanon Hospital for Mental Diseases, to which patients now come Dr. Wyckoff returned to this country from all the leading cities and villages in 1886 and became pastor of the Dutch of Syria, as far east as Bagdad, from Reformed Church at Claverack, N. Y., Persia, from thl: southern part of Asia where he remained until 1892, when he Minor, from the Greek Islands, Cyprus, returned to India. I~ addition to his Egypt, and from countries in North work in Vellore, he was President of Africa. the Board of Trustees of the United Theological Seminary at Bangalore. The religions represented by these patients are as varied as the races. This Dr. Guinness of London is the work which, in the name of Christ, Mr. Waldmeier built up, and by D R. H. GRATTAN GUINNESS, son which he revived in the East the merci- of the well-known founders of the fulness of Christ who "had compassion" Regions Beyond Missionary Union, died on the demon-possest. in London, May 25th, at the comparatively early age of 53. He had given Mrs. Daniel Bliss, of Beirut his life devotedly to the service of the missionary cause and the missionary ABBY MARIA WOOD BLISS, wife journeys of Dr. Guinness were a salient of Rev. Daniel Bliss, D.D., presifeature in his career. In Australia, dent emeritus of the Syrian Protestant South America, India, the Unitecl States, College, died on April 12th, at Beirut, on the Kongo, in various parts of Syria, in the eighty-fifth year of her age Europe, he had itinerated in missionary and the sixtieth of her missionary serstations, 'visited lonely outposts, con- vIce.

From Chinese Folk-Lore. By point of his profession. He

Nellie N. Russell. With Memorial does not give a comprehensive view of South American conditions, and outside Sketches of the Author from Associates of his special sphere his discussions are and Friends. Compiled by Mary H. 110t always adequate. His reference to missions are so fragmentary and super- Porter. 12mo., 170 pp. $1.00, net. ficial as to indicate a failure to compre- Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, hend the spiritual forces at work in South America. It is odd that a man 1915. . who can see a certain class of subjects with such scientific precision should re- An essential element in the mission- gard a few exceptional cases as fairly representative of the missionary enterary's equipment is the quick insight into prise in the countries that he visited. Other features of the beautiful volume . the genius of a people, the understand- make it valuable, however. There arc vivid accounts of the native races, labor, ing of racial traits and emotions. A caste, women and the family, morals, character, education, politics and governdirect way to reach this interpretation ment, class denomination and other topics relating to the social life and or· lies through the pleasant field of folk- ganization of South American countries.

lore. The stories, as told in Chinese tea- The Vital Forces of Christianity and houses or sung in the ballads of artisans, Islam. Six studies by Missionaries to Moslems, with an Introduction by the here gathered by Miss Russell, reveal Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and a con- cluding study by Professor D. B. Macideals of high-mindedness-of heroism, donald, D.D. 250 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Ox- ford University Press, London, 1915. self-sacrifice, and aspiration for the The outstanding impression of these Eternal Light. To reach them is to studies, which are reprinted from The International Review of Missions, is that enter into new appreciation of the Islam is indeed a world. Altho limited to the tropical, and semi-tropical belt of Chinese character. The pathetic story the earth's surface, it includeS' differ- ences of race and temperament as of Chi Hsiao Tang, who withdrew diverse as those of Christendom itself and every grade of culture and social "into the purple mountains to attain the distinction. It, therefore, calls for the most careful specialized study on the god-life," might be called the Buddhistic part of any who would serve as evan- gelists to. MoslemS'. These papers furcounterpart of The Vision of Sir Laun- nish facts and experiences upon which fal.

In the memorial sketches of Miss Russell's life, especially of the 21 years in Peking, Miss Luella Miner, the Rev.

Charles F. Goss, Mrs. Chauncey Good- rich, and others, pay tribute to the unique and lavish missionary service of an intense and gifted nature.

South of Panama. By Professor Edward Alsworth Ross, LL.D. Illustrated, 8vo. The Century Co., New York, 1915. Students of Missions are already in- debted to Dr. Ross for "The Changing Chinese," and other important volumes. The present story of his tour of South America is delightful reading, the style clear and crisp, the observations keen. Professor Ross is a trained sociologist and studies his subject from the view-

such study may be based. The Moslems truth, but a man's attitude toward the of China, Russia, the Western coast- truth will determine his own destiny.

lands of North Africa, pass unmen- No church or Christian need fear the tioned, while Arabia and even Turkey- truth, or even slander; only evil will in-Europe are only touched upon in pass- avoid the light. It would be well if ing, Yet it is 11 good starting-point for both Roman Catholics and Protestants wider study. would study this volume and weigh the There are papers by Dr. Shedd, of evidence presented. It is a clear state- Urumia, Persia, an{j Professor Craw- ment of facts as to Roman Catholic ford, of Beirut, Syria; also accounts of teachings, worship, government, and the Batak Mohammedans of the Dutch conduct. Spiritual ideals of religion East Indies by Pastor Simon, and of the are also presented on the other side to East African Mohammedans by Conan show God's way of revealing Himself Dale. Dr. Shedd and Pastor Simon and His will; the conditions of salva- both mention with emphasis the prone- tion, spiritual power and worship. The ness of the Moslem toward allegiance book is of particular value to those who to a personal guide. Canon Gairdner, work among Roman' Catholics, _and to of Egypt, and Professor Sira-ud any who may be inclined to consider its Din of India, emphasize the vital force claims to supremacy and infallibility as of the chanting of the Koran in the in any degree justified. The appendices devotional life of the Moslem. contain copies of valuable documents.

The concluding paragraphs of Pro-· The Lure of Islam. A Novcl. By C. M. fessor Macdonald's paper are of peculiar Prowse. Illustrated. 12mo. 255 pp. 6s. interest as coming from "an outsider," Sampson Low, Marston & Co., London, as the writer describes himself. He 1914. makes a series of practical propositions The American or European woman which seem to him essential in missions to Mo~lems. We commend these studies who becomes a Moslem, or the wife of a to all missionaries to Mohammedans. Moslem, is destined either to an untimely death or to the moral degradation of an oriental dance-hall. In spite of this, Roman Catholicism Analyzed. By J. A. many unwary maidens-for some inex- plicable reason-yield to the "Lure of Phillips. 8vo. 310 pp. $1.50, net. Islam." . Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915. The scene of this story is laid in South This book by a Methodist missionary Africa, where many white girls have in Mexico is a study of the aims, teach- married by Mohammedan rites and have ings and results of Roman Catholicism become Moslems. Some white children in that southern RepUblic, which was have been given to Malays to adopt. dominated by that church for nearly four The story is not a pleasing one, for it hundred years. is a story of downfall, but it contains it warning, and may accomplis'h a mis- There is much truth in the Roman sion among women who are in danger Catholic doctrines, and this truth is of thinking too lightly of the Moslem uppermost in lands where Protestant marriage and too highly .of Islam as a Christianity prevails. There is also religion. much error in Roman beliefs and practises, and this is most clearly seen in Roman Catholic lands_ The good that is in the Church and the good men and The Making of Christianity. By John C. Clarke, D.D. 12mo. 423 pp. $1.50, women who belong to it should not blind' net. Associated Authors. Thomas Y.

our eyes to the false and the evil that Crowell Company, New York, 1914.

dominate. This is a volume on the prophecies of A man can do nothing against the the Old and New Testaments by a

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

former professor of the Chicago Bap- was missionary wherever there was tist Union Theological Seminary. Dr. real spiritual life. The church of the Clarke interprets these prophecies, not middle ages was dead, and lacked the as historical discourses or predictions, zeal for spiritual missionary service. but as symbolical writings with a spiri- To-d~y, churches and Christians may be tual meaning. Many readers will be divided into two classes, the true and interested in his interpretations of much the nominal, the strong and the weak, discust FJassages in the books of Reve- the self-centered arid the sacrificial, the lation, Ezekiel an,d Daniel, but the living and dead, the missionary and the practical elimination of the historical non-missionary.

and predictive elements is without suffi- In this excellent little volume the cient basis. The apocalypse of St. John closing chapters have particular refer- is taken as the key to earlier prophecies ence to the missions and churches .of and as interpreting the meaning of the Church of the Brethren.

Christianity itself. Dr. Clarke does not Early Heroes of the Mission Field. By believe that the book of Daniel is his- Rt. Rev. W. Pakenham Walsh, D.O. Il- torical, but wholly symbolical like Reve- lustrated. 12mo. 249 pp. 50 cents. lation. The studies are full of spiritual Fleming H. ReveIl Co., 1915. Modern Heroes of the Mission Field. truth but are not an authoritative inter- By Rt. Rev. W. Pakenham Walsh, D.O.

pretation of the Scriptures. Illustrated. 12mo. 343 pp. 50 cents.

Memories and Musings. By Canon John Fleming H. Revell Co. Widdicombe. Illustrated. 8vo. 492 pp. These biographical sketches of famous $4.00. George Allen & Unwin, London; missionaries have already won their way E. P. Dutton, New York, 1915. and are now p1!lblished at the popular A canon of the Church of England price. The first series tell the life-stories and a former director of St. Savior's of missionaries from Apostolic days to Mission (S.P.G.) in Basutoland, has the year 1800-Ulphilas, apostle to the wI1itten this popular story of life in Goths; SL Patrick; . St. Augustine; South Central Africa. His narrative is Boniface in Germany; Anschar, apostle particularly valuable for the view it of the North, Raymund Lull, Francis gives of South Africa fifty years' ago, Xavier, John Eliot, Hans Egede and the South African war, and the transfor- Frederic Schwartz. mation into a United South Africa. The The second series includes' Judson, closing chapter is a plea for Christian Martyn, Carey, Morrison, John Wilreunion, from an Anglican viewpoint. liams, John Hunt, Allen Gardiner, Alex- Many interesting personal explilriences ander Duff, David Livingstone, and are recorded in these memories and others. Both series are well written, and musings of sixty years' experience. give in brief space the inspiring accounts There are views of men influential in • of noble missionary heroes and martyrs political and religious life, and some of the Christian Church. They will be thoughtful discussions of missionary valuable for young people's libraries and and social problems. give excellent material for missionary Missions and the Church. By Wilbur B. sermons. Stover. Illustrated. 12mo. 204 pp. $1.00, net. Brethren Publishing Company, El- Prince and Uncle Billy. By Charles Lin- gin, Ill, 1914. coln White. Illustrated. 12mo. 145 pp. The central theme of this little study 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell, 1914.

book is the thought that Christian mis- An appealing Home Mission story for sions are the real evidence of a living children, in which a dog and a horse are church. This is proved from history two of the principal characters. The and from the Bible. The early Church animals report on mi~ion lands and the

work they have seen there. The idea of The Meaning' of Prayer. By Harri .Emerson Fosdick. With introduction by the story is good, but there is a lack of John K Matt. lOmo, pp. X'1-lY6. .'lU cents.

continuity, and from a literary stand- Association Press, New York, 1915.

point the style and interest do not Efficiency Points. Studies in Missionary measure up to that of other good books .Fundamentals. By W. E. Doughty. 16mo., 25 cents, pp. 106. Missionary for children. :Education Movement, New York, 1915. The Will of God and a Man's Lifework.

The Italians. Immigrants in the Making. By Henry B. Wright. 8vo., pp. xii-280, By Sarah G. Pomeroy. Illustrated. 12mo. 60 cents. Association Press, New York, 61 pp. 25 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell, 1915. 1914. Rising Churches in Nein-Christian The Bohemians. Immigrants in the Mak- Lands. Lectures Delivered on The Col- ing. By Edith Fowler Chase. Illustrated. 12mo. 63 pp. 25 cents, net. Fleming H. lege of Missions Lectureship, Indian- kevell, 1914. apolis; The Severance ~ectureship, Wes- tern Theological Semmary, Pittsburgh. By Arthur Judson Brown. Illustrated, These home mission study books give 12mo., pp. 236, 60 cents. Missionary a compact story of these people in their home land, their characteristics and Education Movement, New York, 1915.

The Churches at Work. By Charles L. White. Illustrated, 12mo., lip. 226, 60 religion. We see here, through sym- cents. Missionary Education Movement, pathetic eyes', the material from which New York, 1915. many American citizenos are to be made The Study of a Rural Parish. A Method of Survey. By Ralph A. Felton. Bvo, and the need for Christian work among 50 cents. Missionary Education Movethem. It is worth 'while for American ment, New York, 1915. The English Hymn: Its Development Christians to become acquainted with and Use in Worship. By Louis F. Ben- son, D.D. Bvo., 624 pp., $3.50 net. them through these books as well as in George H_ Doran Co., New York, 1915.

the unsympathetic sphere of manu- Comrades in Service. By Margaret E.

factures and trade. Burton. Cloth, 60 cents, paper, 40 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1915. NEW BOOKS Masoud the Bedouin. By Alfreda Post The Jubilee Story of the China Inland Carhart. A Series of Sixteen Stories Mission. By Marshall Broomhall, M.A. based upon fact and laid in Syria. $1.00.

lllustratecj, 8vo., pp. xvi-386. Supenol:' Missionary Education Movement. New edition 3s. 6d. and $1.25, net. Cheaper. York, 1915.

edition, 2s. and 75 cents, net. China In- Working Women in Japan. By Sidney land Mission, London and Philadelphia, L. Gulick. 50 cents. Missionary Educa- 1915. . tion Movement, New York, 1915. The Spell of Japan. By Isabel Ander- Jaya: Which Means Victory. By Beason. Illustrated, 8vo., pp. 396, $2.50, net. trice M. Harband. 6s., net. Marshall The Page Co., Boston, 1915. Bros., London, 1915.

The Japanese Problem in the United Missionary Directory (New Edition).

States. An Investigation for the Com- Scottish Mission Industries Co., Ltd., mission on Relations with Japan, ap- Ajmere.

pointed by the Federal Council of the All Along The Trail. By Sarah Gertrude Churches of Christ in America. By H. Pomeroy. Illustrated, pp. 96, 45 cent~. A. Millis. 12mo., xxi-334 pp. The Mac- Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 19b.

millan Co., New York, 1915. A History of Persia. By Lieut.-Colonel The Life That Pleases God. A Practical P. M. Sykes. Maps and Illustrations. 2 Treatise on the Preservation of the vols. 50s., net. ,Macmillan Company, Spirit, and Soul, and Body. By A. T. London, 1915.

Schofield, M.D., M.R.eS. 12mo., pp. Patriots of the Kingdom. By Basil Mat- 134, Is., net. Pickering & Inglis, Glas- thews. 2d. United Council for Mission- gow, Scotland, 191;'i. . ary Education, London, 1914. The Bible and Life. By Edwm Holt Hughes. 12mo., pp. 239, $1.00, .net. PAMPHLETS Methodist Book Concern, New York, Photography in Five Lessons. 28 pp. Free. Burroughs-Welcome & Co., New 1915. York, 1915. The Sunday-School Teacher and the Who Are The Fools? By Sir Robert Program of J esus.By George H. Anderson. 16 pp., Id. Pickering & In- Trull and Jay S. Stowell. 12mo., pp. 160, glis, Glasgow, Scotland, 1915. SO cents, net. Westminster Press, Phila- delphia, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1915

rOJ2

MISSNON~Y fI~[S I I ®!!I!I!I!llflll!lIUIII!"n!,!!,!!!gi r. In the period since William Carey went to India, the population of the entire world has increased 50 per cent., and the number of Christians ISO per cent. (See page 2.38.) 2. An American diplomat who is a Hebrew, a great American business cor- poration, and a Mohammedan religious organization recently cooperated to relieve the financial troubles of the Christian missionaries in Turkey. (See page I87.) 3. Marriage laws enacted in Cuba during the first American intervention and the influence of Protestant missionaries to replace concubinage by mar- riage have done much to purify the home life in Cuba. (See page I79.) 4. Korean churches have been competing for banners awarded to the ones doing the most preaching per capita, selling the most gospels, and gain- ing the most new members. (See page 235.) 5. The "Peyote worship," which is spreading among American Indians, in- cludes the use of a harmful drug which they call the "Holy Ghost." The results are degrading and disastrous. (See page 201.) 6. The school and church property of the Methodist mission in Queretaro, Mexico, was recently defended from the attacks of a mob by Mexican citizens, the majority of whom were Roman Catholics. (See page I95.) 7. The Chinese Secretary of State in Hangchow accepted Christ and was bap- tized during the Eddy meetings, and at once started Bible classes among his officials and household servants. (See page I70.) 8. The income of the foreign mission boards of the United States and Canada has increased from $7,800,000 in J<)04 to $I7,I60,000 in I9I4. Last year native Christians in mission fields contributed $4,243,000 to the work. (See page 225.) 9. Bibles have been placed in 160,000 American hotel rooms by the Gideons, an organization of Christian commercial travelers. (See page 225.) 10. A negro student in Tuskegee was the successful one among nine thousand competitors in a popular magazine essay contest on "Vhat 'Ve Have Learned About Rum." (See page 226.) I I. More than ten thousand British soldiers on Salisbury Plain have promised to carry a "!'ew Testament with them, and to read a chapter every day. (See page 227.) 12. The report is circulated in Tnrkey that the German nation has been con- verted to Islam, and that the Kaiser is a descendant of Mohammed and is to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. (See page 230.) I3. Poor Siamese lepers, at Chiengmai, have again this year made a generous contribution to the work of the American Bible Society. (See page 232 .) 14. A Chinese Commissioner of Education has asked for one thousand Chris- tian Chinese teachers for his province. (See page 233.)

OF THE OPEN MINDS IN CHINA-EVANGELISTIC MEETING IN

A part of audience in theater at Hangchow listening to Mr. Sherwood Eddy's evangelistic address, October, 1914. There wert: 2,500 inside and 2,000 more outside, waiting for a second meeting. The use of the theater was given free of charge MISSIONARY REVIEW ~",_~V OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 3 MARCH, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 3 Old S,ri,s New S.r;es 1111111 INCREA$ED INTEREST IN LATIN the . questions to be considered in T AMERICA connection with non-Christian coun- HE opening of the Panama Canal, tries were large enough to occupy the increasing trade with our the undivided attention of the Con- Sister Republics, and the Panama ference. It is possible that the Exposition are attracting the atten- omission of Catholic countries from tion of Christians all over the world discussion at Edinburgh has proved to the opportunities and problems in a blessing in disguise since now they Latin America. In February, 1916, are to receive special consideration.

it is proposed to hold a Latin-Amer- by a strong body of men and .women ican Missionary Conference at Pan- to study the peculiar problems in- ama, organIzed by a Committee volved in the work in some of these under the chairmanship of Dr. Robert lands.

E. Speer, of the Presbyterian Board In preparation for the coming re- of Foreign Missions. The Edin- presentative Conference at Panama.

burgh Conference, for reasons that a number of commissions have been seemed to be sufficient to the General appointed to make an investigation Committee, omitted frQm their pro- of Latin America (induding Mexico.

gram the work in Roman Catholic Central America, the West Indies, and Greek Catholic countries. This and South America), and to present was due in part to the desire to win reports on their findings as to the the cooperation of members of the fields occupied and unoccupied, and Anglican Church, and in part to the other phases of the work. These fact that many of the problems in commissions are designated as fol- these mission fields are unique and lows: (1) Survey and Occupation. p.. The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the .pirit of Christ in the of thIa REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positioll8 taken by coa· tributors of slfned articles in these pagn.–EDJrou.

(2) Message and Method. (3) Edu- plans for a redivision of the 'terri- cation. (4) Literature. (5) Wo- tory among the Protestant societies men's Work. (6) The Church in can not be put into effect until some the Field. (7) The Home Base. degree of peace and order have ,(8) Cooperation and Union. been restored. In spite of the dan- Practically all the Protestant so- gers and difficulties some of the cieties of North America have sig- missionaries have remained at their nified their approval and their readi- posts, and a few are planning to ness to cooperate in this Conference. return in the near future.

A special Executive Secretary has Practically all of the societies par- been secured in Mr. S. G. Inman, ticipating in the Mexico Missionary formerly of the, People's Institute at Conference in Cincinnati last June, Piedras ·Negras, Mexico. have reported in favor of some or Following the Conference in Pan- all of the proposed plans of action.* ama, it is proposed to send two The American Baptist Home Mis- deputations to visit the mission sta- sionary Society ,expresses their sym- tions in Latin America, and to hold pathy with the spirit and aim of the post-conferences III western and Conference and approves of the eastern South America and. in plan to establish a joint depository Havana and Mexico. The Inter- for Christian publications III the denominational Committee on Mis- City of Mexico, and for a consoli- sion Study is also planning to pre- dation of lhe present church papers.

pare mission study courses on the They question the advisability of Two Americas for 1916. Thus at- establishing a joint training-school tention will be focussed on the needs for Christian workers, but recog- and opportunities in these important nize the desirability of uniting in countries. It is expected that at other educational work. They agree least 300 delegates will meet to- to the general recommendati~ns for gether in Panama, representing all the division of territory, but do not the Protestant Mission Boards con- approve of the adoption of a com- ducting work in Latin America. mon name (the Evangelical Churches Possibly as large and pennanent re- of Mexico) for all Protestant Mexi- sults will come from their deliber- can churches.

ations as have followed the Edin- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- burgh Conference. Christians in sionary Society of the Protestant every land are asked. to remember Episcopal Church expresses its sat- this proposed conference and its isfaction in the spirit of cooperation various committees in prayer. proposed, but can not act on the ques- tion of division of territory since THE PROGRAM FOR MEXICO this is determined by the General Convention and the work is com- T HE hoped-for solution of Mex- mitted to the bishops elected for the field. For similar reastM'ls they find ico's internal troubles has not it difficult to cooperate in the plans for union educational institutions. yet been discovered, or at least the I remedy has not taken visible effect.

Missionary work by foreign agents is practically at a standstill and the 'See REVIEW for September, page 641.

OF THE

Bishop Aves has exprest his interest of German-Austrian defeat, or the in the proposals of the Conference request of Turkey for peace, France and has promised to take up the may ask to work out her ambition in matter with missionaries of other Syria, and an international comchurches in Mexico. mission may take control of the HOly City and the Holy Land. Meanwhile, There is every reason to believe the balances of war are possibly that with the establishment of peace ,waiting the hour when the Jewish in this distracted country and the purse will decisively turn the scales. return of the missionaries there will Palestine and the Jewish purse are be a great advance in many direc- now inseparable, and the price of tions. Native pastors and other peace for the Turk may be the long- Christian workers have, so far as looked-for restitution of political possible, kept up the work in the freedom to the Jew in the land that absence of the missionaries, and if God gave to his fathers. a just and strong government is established the hindrances to evan- If such an event takes place, what gelical work, which have prevented will be the result for Christian misgreat progress in the past, will sions? Will the door be closed ?By largely be removed. no means. Liberty must first be guaranteed to Jew, Moslem, ,and TTHE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE Christian on equal terms. When the HE recent attack on the Suez Jews recover the Holy Land then Canal has directed particular at- look for other fulfilments of prophtention to Palestine and the vexed ecy. political problem there. That the attack has actually been made has sur- Whatever the immediate issue, Moprized missionaries and others who hammedan intolerance and Turkish have recently been in Egypt and Palestine. It is another proof that exclusiveness can never again hold T u r key is stumbling to a fall. unhindered sway in Palestine. Nei- Nothing but an Egyptian insurrec- ther Jew nor Christian will consent tion, of which there is no sign, or a to this. When Turkey took Italy's miracle of war, can give success to place in the Triple Alliance that such an invasion by the Turks. Their question was settled. The giUled bait little army may easily be enveloped caught the Moslem fish, with the in the desert they are seeking to usual result to the fish, and the ancross, and their retreat may be cut off gler may not be able to retain undisby a comparatively small force of puted possession. British or French landed in Palestine. A British conquest of Palestine is far There was a remarkable awakenmore probable than a Turkish vic- ing in the Moslem mind in Palestine tory at the Canal. just before the war, but that Opell- mindedness suddenly turned to a British diplomats deny that they flame of passionate hatred against have any territorial designs on Pales- everything foreign. There will, no tine, but events may· precipitate an doubt, be a reaction when peace reunexpected program. In the event turns. That will be the day of op- portunity for Christian mlSSlOns. There will be then no time for prep-

aration; the Church must be ready then the work has grown, a new for immediate action. If advantage building has been purchased in can be taken of the opportunity that Cairo, and the publication and dis- will undoubtedly be presented after tribution of Khutbas (sermonic . the war, days will show greater prog- tracts) and other volumes has in- ress than months in the lagging past. creased to over fifty thousand copies, Why may not Palestine yet become a and these have gone into nearly new center, as in the days of the forty different countries where Mos- Apostles, for the evangelism of Tur- lems reside. key and Russia, Western Asia, Arabia, and Africa? Some thirty thousand dollars was contributed from America for the AMERICAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS new premises and about three thou- A sand dollars a year is sent by the LITTLE over twenty-five years New York committee for publica- ago two young men, Samuel M. tion work. Friends have increased Zwemer and James Cantine, with in number and have recently organrare courage, dedicated their lives ized an "American Christian Literto the work of preaching the Gospel ature Society for Moslems." in order . to Moslems. They selected Arabia that they may increase their activias the most neglected and difficult of ties and range of service. The . all the Mohammedan lands and set Directors include. Dr. Robert E. out to plant a Christian lighthouse on the East coast of that Peninsula. Speer. of the Presbyterian Board, American missionaries had gone to Dr. James L. Barton. of the Amer- Moslem lands before and were at ican Board, Dr. Frank Mason North, work in Egypt and Turkey, in Persia of the Methodist Board. and Dr. and India, but since these young men Charles R. Watson, of the United became champions of the cause, in- Presbyterian Board. The Treasurer terest in this difficult work has is Mrs. E. E. Olcott. of New York, and the Secretary is Mrs. James M. steadily increased. The campaign is better organized and the conversion Montgomery. * of Mohammedans seems less hopeless. , The new Society was successfully Ten years ago the Nile M~ssion launched at a parlor meeting in New Press was started for the purpose York City on January 29th, at the of printing and distributing Chris- . home of Mr. and Mrs. Olcott, and tian .Literature to Moslems. The the membership includes over one hun- Executive Committee is in Great dred friends of missions to Moslems, Britain, while the Press is located in from many evangelical denominations. Cairo. About four years ago Dr. The. Constitution states that the ob- Zwemer was called from Arabia to ject of the Society is to assist the Nile devote a portion of his time to the Mission Press and similar agencies in preparation of this literature and the preparation, publication, and disto assist in the direction of the Press. tribution of Christian literature to At the same time aNew York com- Moslems.

mittee was formed as an auxiliary *Writ~ to Box 888, N~w York City, for further to the London committee. Since information. .

GROWTH OF AMERICAN FOREIGIII Missions is indicated in the valuable MISSIONS statistics prepared by the Home Base Committee of which Dr. F. P. Hag- TWO outstanding addresses at the gard is chairman. These figures show Foreign Missions Conference of a large increase. in missionary gifts in North America, which met at Gar- North America since 1901, when the den City, January 13th-14th, were Dr. John R. Mott's masterly report statistics then ;lvailable reported $6,- of his recent visit to Great Britain, France, and Germany, and Mr. Sher- 228,000 (home income). Last year, wood Eddy's remarkable story of the according to Dr. Haggard, $17,168,- recent evangelistic campaign in China. 000 was given for the same purpose (This latter is printed on another -an increase of nearly 300 per cent. page.) Another unique feature of This is one million dollars larger the Conference was the announce- than the amount reported last year, ment of a conditional gift of $50,000 and ten million dollars in advance of a year for five years from the Rocke- that given ten years ago. A very feller Foundation for the inter- noticeable increase in the last ten denominational work of the Ameri- years. has been the amount given by can Foreign Missions and of the native Christians-an advance from Continuation Committee of the Edin- $1,000,000 to $4,236,009. Surely the burgh Conference. This is some- native churches are developing in seIfthing new in large gifts and is only support. conditioned on the raising of an additional $20,000 to complete the bud- The whole number of Protestant J{et. The Rockefeller gift has en- mISSIonaries supported by North abled the interdenominational com- American churches is nearly 10,000; mittees and organizations to estab- in 1904 there were only 5,489. The lish headquarters at 25 Madison native Christian workers have also Avenue, New York, to house the doubled in number during the same Student Volunteer Movement, the decade, and now 50,000 are employed various interdenominational commit- in these missions. The total memtees, and the growing missionary li- bership of churches connected with brary. The budget of the Student American missions is 1,439,000, an Volunteer Movement is not included increase of nearly 200 per cent. since in the' $70,000 toward which the 1904; 159,000 converts were added Rockefeller Foundation has made its last year, three times the number addlarge gift. After five years the ed in 1904. Foundation fund is to be decreased at the rate of $5,000 a year. The AMERICAN HOME MISSIONS Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Confer- T HE Home Missions Council, ence has asked for authority to become incorporated, in order that they which held its annual meeting in . may care for these funds satisfac- New York, January 12th to 14th, torily. reported important progress in the s?lution of interdenominational prob- The growth of American Foreign lems. The churches and societies represented in this Council contrib- ute $12.450,210 a year to home mis- sion work. This includes for:

Church Sustentation ……….. $2,157,527 larger sacrifice in substance and life. General Evangelism ………..• 1,638,048 Cooperation is to be given by the American Indians ………….• 944,315 Work for Immigrants …•….• 424,334 Boards represented in' the Council in Work for MOl;lntaineers ……• 319,271 the coming United Campaign of the Work for Negroes .•……….. 702,832 Laymen, and in the use of United Work for Orientals in U. S. A." 129,399 Mission Study text-books. Next Work for Other Dependent year the course is to take up "The 120,553 Church and the Nations" (the Native Peoples ……………….. . 135,043 Church). Work for Alaska …………. . 181,496 Work for Cuba ………….. . 62,318 Some of the greatest strides in Work for Hawaii ………… .

Work for Mexico ………… . 104,598 Home Mission work during recent Work for Philippines …….. . 83,457 Work for Porto.Rico …….. .. 203,239 years have beep in relation to the Work for Sunday-schools …. . 81,525 Education ……………….. . 959,001 immigrant problems. The services Publication ………………. . 450,499 of the Rev. J. H. Berry have recently been secured to study how best to Administration …………… . 690,893 reach these incoming millions at the Specials and Miscellaneous ….. . 858,223 various ports of entry. Plans are $12,450,210 being formulated to give various denominations special responsibility The largest amount is this, ex- for definite concentrated groups of pended on the support of mission foreigners in America. churches, and· the next largest on "S evangelism. The Presbyterian Board WHAT SHALL B~ DONE?

of Home Missions represents the HALL we aU become Chris- largest budget with $1,490,338, and tians?" asked caste leaders in '

the Methodist Board is second with a council in an Indian community $959,697 (not including the appor-. which includes 2IO villages and over tionments through annual confer- 3,000 souls. These people of the ences. The increase in the reported United Provinces voted to hold a big total incomes fol' the year is nearly council meeting to discuss the sub- two million dollars. ject. Rev. J. T. Robertson, of the The Council strongly advocated a Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- unified program of Home Missionary sions, asks that this incident be pre- Education, to include (I) The church sented . to the praying people of service and pastor; (2) the prayer America. "If these people decide to meeting; (3) the Sunday-school; become Christians, as we believe that (4) the women; (5) the young they will-then they must all be taken people; (6) .Mission Study classes; at once while they are willing, (7) books; (8) periodicals; (9) en- or the opportunity wi11 be lost. Then listment of,~ volunteers, and (IO) the problem will be to care for them.

every – member canvass. This pro- Last year the Methodists reported gram should .have before· it the ob- 1,158 baptisms in Bulandshahr, and jective to produce conviction as to this year the converts in the same the need of more efficiency in the district numbered 3,032. Such suc- local parishes and the nation, to cess is an' embarrassment, but it is a deepen the prayer Iiie, and caU iprth sign of the times in India."

EVENTS

March loth to 14th-ParEament of Churches in Toronto, Canada. I 3th-The 100th anniversary of the Birth of James C. Hepburn, 1815. 14th-60th anniversary of United Brethren Foreign Missions. 17th to 19th-Ohio l'1cthodist Men's Convention, Columbus, Ohio. 29th-The 75th anniversary of the Birth of Isabella Thoburn, 1840.

April 1st-The lOoth anniversary of the Birth of Villiam C. Burns, ISIS.

May 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 19th-Presbyterian United Movement Conference, Rochester, K. Y. 20th-The 225th anniversary of the Death of John Eliot, 1690. 29th–The lo)£h anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, ISIS.

June 4th-The 50th anniversary of the Birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 4th to 14th-Y. W. C. A. Studcnt Conference. Blue Ridge, N. C. 18th to 28th-Y. VV. C. A. Student Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 23rd to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 23rd to July 2nd-Y. W. C. A. Student Conferencc, Eagles Mere, Pa. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education M ovt. Conf., Blue Ridge. :f. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315.

July 2nd to IIth-Missionary Education Movnnent Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth Anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 7th to 12th-Fifth vVorld Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 9th-The 75th anniversary of the Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Chris- tians, IS40. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education }v[ovement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Estcs Park, Colo. 20th to 3oth-Y. [17. C. A. City Conference, Silver BGY, N. Y. 21st to 31st-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 22nd to 30th-l1[issiol1ary Education it[ovement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23rd-The looth anniversary of the Baptism of Africaner, ISIS.

August 1st to 3rd-V/orld's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal.

6th to 15th-Missiollary Education Movement Confel'ence, Lake Geneva. 6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Asilomar, Cal. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, 'Visconsin. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Lake Geneva. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

S a.me of the 4,000 students leavi ng the pavilion erected fo r the meetings conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, with the permission o f the Government

to the Sacred Alta r, where the Emperor formerl y worshipped. For the fi rs t time in histor y Ch ristia n mee tings we re conducted within th e precincts of the Forbidden City The Four thousand Chinese stud ents listening to the Gospel at Mr. Eddy's opening meeting in the specially erected pavilion in Peking CHRISTIA N EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS INSIDE THE FORBIDDEN CITY, PEKING, CHINA, sEPrEMBER, 1914

NEW OPEN DOORS IN

Educated Chinese outside the theater ill Hangchow, waiting for an opportunity to hear the Gospel at the Eddy Evangelistic Meetings The Wide-Open Door In China BY MR. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY* Secretary,for Asia.,-Foreign Department of the International Y. M. C. A.

~~~?lS~T would be wrong to Christian forces in every city and ~ suppose that the won- province where meetings were con- 'derful responsiveness ducted. Nor do I wish to give the of 'the students of impression that the' work was easy, China in the Evan- or that the victory has been won, for gelistic campaign this it bristles with unsolved problems and difficulties. year was accidental or wholly spontaneous. It followed the most care- During 'the last few months' in ful preparation and organization on China we visited thirteen cities. Bethe part of the Christian leaders in ginning at Tientsin, we went thence China, who combined' prayer' and to Peking, then to Paoeting-fu, then pains,fiith and works, with de- to the city of Chang-sha, in Hunan pendence on God and the best human Province; thence to Wu-chang, Sooorganization. Then, again, we must chow, and Hangchow, down the coast not think of it as the work of any to Foochow, Amoy, Hong Kong, and one man or group of men, nor of any Canton-thirteen provincial capitals organization or grottp of orgillliza- and metropolitan cities. tions. It represented the united Without stopping, to tell of the ~From an address at Garden City, L, r., January 14, 1915; wltb',extracts fr~m tetters.

work in all these cities, I will take' were enrolled in Bible classes in only four that are typical. The re- twelve churches in different parts of sults may not be as great in some of the city.* these four as in other places, but they It is a great problem how to lead stand as illustrations of four different the educated Chinese, composed of of- types. ficials, modern Government students, We began work in Peking in Sep- and commercial men, into the' church- tember,. where I had a most enjoy- es, which are generally made up of able half-hour with President Yuan the lower classes. But t wei v e Shih Kai. He is China's strong man churches are in line in their efforts to-day, and exprest an interest in to reach those literati, and to main- the meetings. He does not profess tain Bible classes for them.

to be either a Christian or a Con- More than two thousand inquirers fucianist; he is a practical man of in Peking exprest their desire to affairs. China has not thus far made study the Bible in groups. Last year, Confucianism the state religion, and with far less preparation, five hun- while the President, the Governors, dred non-Christians were in Bible and certain officials worship Heaven classes and more than ISO of these or Confucius, it is never obligatory. were later received' by the churches.

The President, altho not a deeply The results this year will be far religious man, sees the alarming greater. The response of the officials growth of immorality, with the break- and leaders of China was most no- down of old standards before table in the capital city, which has new ones have been formed, and he long been the most conservative believes in supporting morality or center of China. At one meeting any religion that will uphold the for inquirers who were deemed near State. The Vice-President also re- the point of decision for the Chris- ceived us very cordially, and gave us tian life there were present one an opportunity to present Chris- former governor, two generals, a tianity to him. private secretary to the President, The change in Pekin, compared the director of China's national bank, with fourteen years ago, is striking. prominent officials, and a young non- In 1900 the Boxers were killing our Christian philanthropist who has given Christians, and attempting to drive this year $I2,000 to Christian work.

foreigners out of China. This year, My interpreter was a young man re- for the first time, the Chinese officials cently converted in prison. His opened the Forbidden City, where the father was the governor of four foot of the "foreign devil" was for- provinces, his uncle the celebrated merly never permitted to rest, and Marquis 'Tsun, China's minister to gave us a site fnr our tabernacle England and Russia, his grandfather right near the palaces of the boy Em- China's greatest statesman, Tsen Quo peror, and close to the sacred altar Fan. Tho a recent convert, he has where the Emperor annually wor- become a bold witness for Christ. shipped. Four thousand students as- In this small group there were three sembled in this tabernacle to hear the men of prominent official position Gospel, and some six hundred men *See account on page 5 (January).

WIDE-OPEN DOOR IN CHINA 169

who had all been baptized and be- as they were convinced that His come earnest Christian workers dur- claims were just. ing the year. Probably in no other country in the· world to-day are the Four years ago, immediately after officials so accessible to Christianity the meetings in Hangchow, the prinas in China. cipals and teachers of the government colleges strictly forbade the attendance . When we reached Hangchow, we of the students at Bible classes and went from the railway station to the opposed our work. This year, howmodern theater which had been se- ever, these same principals invited us cured for the meeting. The Con- to a banquet, thanked us for helping fucian owners of the theater had can- them in their work for the students, THE EVANGELISTIC MEETING FOR WOMEN IN HANGCHOW, OCTOBER, 1914 celled an entertainment scheduled and received cordially an address.·.in there, and gave us the use of the which we asked for the opening of theater free of charge, which would the government schools to voIunt~y have been twelve hundred dollars. Bible classes. One is deeply iJn- The Governor granted a haH-holiday, prest, in going from city to ·city, in order that the students might at- with the open-mindedness of· the tend the meetings, and they all came. Chinese leaders to-day. Our. ·inter- When we arrived at the theater, we preter at these meetings was Mr. C. found twenty-five hundred students, T. Wang, the young Christian statesofficials, and business men, filling man of China, formerly a member of every seat up to the top gallery, and Yuan's Cabinet and Vice-President two thousand were waiting outside. of the National Senate. He is now The same thing was repeated the next National Secretary of the Y. M, C. A. day. About a thousand of these men signed cards, promising to study the The Governor of the province life of Christ and follow Him so far asked us to a banquet, at which were present many young progressives who

THE SPECIAL MAT SHED ERECTED FOR THE EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN CHANGSHA had made a fight for righteousness first he asked for private baptism, but I said, "Let us be plain; we must and against opium. The young inter- be courageous, and work for the glory of Jesus Christ. Will you go preter and I went from our knees to down to the little church and be baptized in public?" that meeting with the Governor. "I will," he said. The following F or an hour we presented Jesus day this fearless man took the chair at the meeting and stated publicly Christ to that Governor and Secre- that he had decided to become a Christian. Even the non-Christian tary of State, Mr. S. T . Wen. Fin- students broke into applause. The next Sunday he went down and gave ally, I said to the Secretary, as I his testimony before the people in the little church. He said, "I may lose took out my Testament: "Mr. Wen, my official position, but I take my stand to-day once for all for Jesus when the eunuch had heard the Gos- Christ." Over a thousand young men Ilad signed as inquirers in the theater pel that Philip preached to him, he meetings, and Mr. Wen said, "I can not ask them to join the church if I ' said: • do not lead the way." He immediate- ly -started Bible classes among his "'What doth hinder me to be household servants and officials; and on the last day of meetings in China, baptized ?' What hinders you from when illness prevented me from con- ducting the meetings as scheduled, becoming a Christian here and Mr. Wen came down and carried now?" Mt:. Ven replied: "Mr.. Eddy, some day I will; but now it would complicate my official position. Some day I will retire from political life and go into private life and become a Christian."

"Why not do it now?" I urged.

"We need Christian leaders now.

Will you not do it now?"

He answered: "I will!' Then we shook hands, and I said: "Mr. Wen, when will you do it?"

"Next Sunday," he replied. At

WIDE-OP~N DOOR IN

them on with 11r. C. T. Wang. I there were but four Christians in this have seldom seen a man more 10- part of the empire. He himself was stantly trnsformed in his character driven out of the city by the mob. than was that man, a witness known To-day, practically every student in of all men. the city was attending the meetings, as well as the leaders of every ~ec­ vVe went to Foochow, at the invi- tion of the community. More than tation of the Governor, the Chamber of Commerce, and all of the Confu- sixteen hundred students and youns cian College presidents. (It. was there that eleven missionaries were torn men enrolled themselves as inquirers limb .fr0111 limb by the angry mob to join Bible classes to study the fOl1r twenty years ago.) Now, when I Gospels. went to the Guild Hall, I found two . The Governor asked us to dine with thousand inside, and fifteen hundred him and other officials. I had some more outside waited there an hour charts that showed the material bankto get in anel hear the Gospel. The ruptcy of China caused by her moral same thing took place the next day. bankruptcy, which was in turn caused by her spiritual bankruptcy, bec~use Sitting on the platform was the she had left God out of account. aged Archdeacon VloHe. When he After explaining this I presented arrived in China fifty-two years ago Jeslls Christ as the only hope of CHINESE OFFICIALS AT EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN FOOCHOW In the front row are Mr. Sherwood Eddy and (on his right) the Governor-General and other Qfficials of Fukien Province, at a special lecture by Professor Robertson, in connection with the evangelistic campaign, October. 1914

China. We had an open hearing for sent men out into the province in Jesus Christ that night, before the teams of two, one Chinese and one Governor and his officials, and I foreigner. The results in those sec- presented the Governor with a Bible. ondary cities were proportionately An official who was present is to be greater than in the larger cities. In baptized within two months. one place three Buddhist priests Two days after the meetings the joined a Bible class.

Governor subscribed several thousand The darkest and hardest city was dollars toward the purchase of a site Canton-the center of new revolu- for a new Y.M.C.A. building in the tions against the Government. The student quarter. Some forty edu- day that we arrived a bomb was cators and college principals, with thrown that killed twelve men. A the Minister of Education, gave us a battle had been fought within seven banquet on another evening and said miles of the city. All public meet- to us in an address: "Confucianism ings of every nature were forbidden, alone can not save China. We need and the great shed that had been the moral dynamic .and principle of erected for our meetings was taken pr<;>gress which Christianity can give. down before we arrived. What could Christianity has long appealed to the be done? On our arrival the Gov- lower classes, but has not the time ernor 'called together all of the col- now come for you to appeal to the lege principals of the city and gave leaders and· 'educated men of the us an opportunity to present the Gos- nation?" Several of these college pel message first to them. Then principals exprest a desire to study they invited us to the colleges; there the life of Christ, and a number was no law against that, so that for offered us the privilege of opening the first time in history many col- Bible classes in the government col- leges in Canton opened to the mis- leges themselves. The Chamber of sionary message.' Their great law Commerce invited us to address school alone has seven hundred stu- them on two successive evenings. dents. We could only take about five More than a hundred of these men colleges a day, and held one meeting promised to join Bible classes to in a church, where five hundred and make a study of the New Testament. thirty Confucianists signed as inquir- A few years ago there was no ers and bought Bibles. The next Chamber of Commerce here and these Sunday seventy-five men were bap- men would have been deeply hostile tized. The terms of baptism were to Christianity. always fixt by the local church bodies.

But the significant thing about that A hundred and fifty non-Christian province was the new plan of a students in Canton decided to enter province-wide campaign in which all the Christian life, including sixty the Chri?tians were united. Six hun- medical students. One college prin- .ared Chinese pastors, laymen, and cipal writes: "Weare full to over· l~aders were called together for a flowing with joy. On Sunday we re- week's training conference at Foo- ceived into the church forty-two stu- chow and Amoy. After they had dents and sixteen others. I have attended the central meetings we never seen anything like it in this

WIDE-OPE~ DOOR IN CHINA

school." Even more important was When we arrived there we fo~nd that the Training Conference for Chris- the Lieutenant-Governor had sent out tian workers. We found gathered his proclamation announcing the here a thousand Christians and work- meetings to such an extent that they ers of all denominations, including a did not dare give out tickets for the hundred and fifty from outlying meeting. AlI of these audiences were cities and towns who had come in to not people admitted from the streets; attend this training conference in they were picked audiences of those preparation for a province-wide cam- three classes, officials, students, and paign next year for the Kwangtung business men. In order to gain ad- Province, which numbers thirty-seven mission to the evangelistic meetings millions of inhabitants. men were compeIIed to go to a cer- In Canton a thousand Christians tain place and sign written applica- gathered for a training conference, tions. Eight thousand men came in many coming from other centers. advance and signed those applica- They are now preparing for a prov- tions. The opening night five thou- ince-wide campaign for next year. In sand gathered-the place only held two fact, other provinces are asking for thousand, and had to be fiIled three these province-wide campaigns. times. The next day it rained, Some of the Results and as in China they don't go out in the rain, I did not expect that a meet- Our campaign this year was quite ing would be held. I was taking din- different from that held last year in ner at six o'clock, when I was sum- many respects. First, there was a moned by a messenger to come at larger hearing on the part of the stu- once. Three thousand men had come, dents. Last year t/:te student audi- and they sat while the rain dript ences averaged about two thousand a down, some of them wiping the rairt night; this year they averaged over from the seats. For one hour they three thousand every night at the listened as we talked about sin, their public meetings. sins-gambling, graft, and the sins Second: for the first time also this that are honeycombing the life of year the officials were ready to give China. One business man who signed an honest hearing to the Gospel of a card got ten others to join his class.

Jesus Christ. The President, the Men said, "Wherever there is a Vice-President, members of the Cab- Christian to teach you can form inet, and the Governors of almost classes all over the city."

every province that we visited, either Some New Problems erected pavilions for the meetings or The work this year also raised new gave the students half-holidays, or· problems. I will mention only three invited us to a banquet, with an op- in passing. The revival of Con- portunity to address the officials. fucianism is very sure to come in this Third: a beginning was made not decade. The door will not forever only with the students but with the remain open to Christianity as at merchant class, who are harder to present. The movement toward Con- reach than the students. We tested fucianism is not united, it is not selfthis in the great port city of Amoy. conscious y~t, but it is growing. One

party is trying La prCl110te a material- Lastly, we have to face the probistic movement, but a far larger party lem raised by this war. Not only is is trying to strengthen the religious the Chinese Government seriously element in Confucianism. It reminds embarassed, but our home base is me of an old watch that has run threatened at a time' that calls for down, into which they are going to advance and not retreat. I expected put a new mainspring, the main- that this war would cripple the meetspring of patriotism and nationalism, ings far more than was the case. For so that the old watch will not only instance, in Shanghai I was introkeep time, but will go faster than the duced to the late Premier, and I normaL I no longer dread that move- said to him: "Will you accept Jesus ment, however, after what I have seen. Christ ?" He replied: "Then I see Europe drenched in the blood of As in the war in Europe, every your so-called Christians, and when time there is a change on the part of I see the foreign city of Shanghai the enemy, there must be a new flowing free with opium, six hundred alignment by the other side; so the shops, to curse our nation, I do nQt churches must form a new alignment want to put my foot in that mess to meet these new conditions. In that you people have made of Chrissome places the Chinese churches tianity." have been so long accustomed to deal with the lower classes, that they do I hung my head with shame. I ex'- not know how to go out and meet pected that this would be the attitude with warm hand these men of the of the students; but it was not. They upper Classes. Then there are not hardly know that war is wrong. They enough trained Bible teachers to meet are ready to listen to the claims of them and shepherd the inquirers. The Christ and are ready to join Bible wonderful growth of the Christians, classes by thousands, and to join the however, is encouraging. church by hundreds.

The Christian forces are many times When was there a time when the as effective as they were four years leaders of a nation of over four hunago. Then, after the meetings, the dred millions, one-quarter of the huinquirers would slip right through our man race, after four thousand years fingers; but now the Christians are of preparation, after a hundred years growing in the thoroughness and de- of missionary work, were so open to votion of their follow-up work. the Gospel of Christ as in China to- It is inspiring to see three or four day? Will you call for retreat or for hundred Christians praying and the crippling of forces to-day? Not pleading with inquirers, and grap- only in those few cities, but in all pling with a great situation. That is parts of China, not only for the upbound to lift their Christian life. We per classes, but for all classes, the do not go into any city or province Church ought to advance. Every unless all the church bodies unite, church in America ought to support and set apart local leaders to follow the work for a great evangelistic adup the· work, with Bible-class lead- vance. The door is wide open, but ers. None the less, the great prob- the opportunity may pass. lem is the Chinese churches.

RECENT PUBLIC I MPROVEM E N T I N

The Ce ntral Railwa y Sta tio ll , opene d in 1913, cost $5,000,000. There are fift y train s a day ea ch way Fifteen Years In Cuba RESULTS AND PRESENT STATUS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA BY REV. J. MILTON GREE NE, D.D., HAVANA, CUBA Superintendent of the P resbyterian (North) Mission IlAJN article on "Protest- The blessing of God upon our ~ ant Missions in Cuba," work in Cuba has been so marked written by Richard and the response to our efforts has Sumerle Maher, and been so hearty on the part of in- ~ published in the Cath- creasing thousands, that we are at a otic World of Novem- loss to account fo r the basis of the ber 19, 1914, makes statements so statements in Mr. Maher's article.

strangely and glaringly aside from They seem to have been born of the the truth that I feel impelled to give imagination. 'When I recall, for ex- the real facts of the case concerning ample, an experience last year, when the need, the fruits, and present I organized two churches, one of S8 status of evangelical work .in the members and another of r4, baptizing island. For thirteen years I have them all, and marryi ng. in the fIrst been in closest touch with these case, 7 couples, all of whom were activities, and have been at pains to parents, and several of them grand- verify a t fIrst hand the data con- . parents, all but one having been born tained in this article. out of wedlock, and all being Cubans,

UNDER THE OLD REGIME IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was before the first intervention by the United State.

I am imprest anew with the need and tolerance of the opinions of for Protestant mission work, as seen others. The Protestant missions have in social conditions. taught the people to examine all things and to hold fast that which is It also appears how important and good. Thus while able to give a vital are the reconstructive influences reason for the hope that is in them, which proceed from Protestant mis- and with the moral courage of their sions. Another instance, that oc- intelligent convictions, they have a curred last year, was the reception in larger charity for those who differ our Vedado congregation of four from them in religious belief. This married couples and their children. was sorely needed in Cuba to sup- Hundreds of youth of both sexes in plant the hatred which formerly preour Bible Classes and Endeavor So- vailed so extensively. The quickencieties have had their ideals of life ing of intellectual life, the purification elevated and purified and their moral of domestic conditions, the inculcanature strengthened under the influ- tion of industry as a religious virtue, ence of an open Bible and the simple the condemnation of the lottery and Gospel. These young people are other forms of gambling, all these to-day enthusiastic champions of a and other similar influences have patriotism free -from the trammels of created an atmosphere which we are ignorance, superstition and immor- wont to consider the indirect result ality. They are conspicuous in their of Protestantism. various communities, for civic righteousness and social rectitude. Remembering the American inter- vention for Cuban independence and Nor can I forget the immense ad- the disinterested attitude of the Am– vantage of a spirit of investigation

YEARS IN CUBA

UNDER THE NEW REGIM E IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was im proved after the first intervention by the United S tates erican Government, the masses of sonal observation an d from the testithe Cuban people are quick to dis- mony of Catholic friends we judge cern in all this the outworking of that Protestant example has stimu- Protestant principles in contrast with lated the priests to a higher moral and the four centuries that preceded. evangelical tone in their pUlpit utter- The result is a predisposition to re- ances. They have also been stirred ceive gratefully whatever of good we up to repair their dingy church edihave to offer them. This is also fices and to furnish them with pews very frequently recognized by Roman instead of leaving the faithful, as Catholic friends . SCdrcely a day formerly, to stand, kneel or sit upon passes that we are not invited to open the cold stone floors. work in new centers. On every hand are many sympathizers who say The other noticeable effect is the frankly that we may count on th~ir very marked decrease in ten years ·of moral support, altho for personal and the number living in concubinage. domestic reasons they can not yet W herever Protestant influence ' exopenly affiliate with us. This means, tends, marriage is insisted upon as an in most cases, that the wives, moth- ordinance of God, and concubinage is ers, or sweethearts oppose their join- set forth as a sin. Our clergy are ing the Protestant Church. always ready to solemnize marriages without any charge, thus lifting from Two other beneficial effects of Protestant work may be mentioned. the people the heavy yoke fonnerly The first is the noticeable change in imposed upon them in the excessive the few sermons preached by the marriage fees demanded by the priests. Roman Catholic priests. From per- In order to appreciate the results of Protestant missionary work in

Cuba one must bear in mind the census showed the number of those physical, intellectual, social and reli- living in confused concubinage to be gious environment existing in the r68,c){Xl. island at the close of the Spanish war. It is a type of civilization which In religion almost everyone was may justly be termed unique and is labelled a Roman Catholic, having essentially what was found in all the been baptized as such in infancy, but former Spanish colonies. It is a civil- with at least 90 per cent. of the male ization hobbled, handicapped, re- popUlation there was no evidence in prest, cast in the mold of an in- daily life of a fear of God, obedience veterate traditionalism and saturated to His commandments or devotion to the Savior. For wholesale worldli- ONE OF THE NATURAL PRODUCTS OF CUBA Children in Havana growing up uneducated and indifferent to responsibilities with]esuitical principles. Here were ness and sinful indulgence no other found the two extremes of wealth and day was equal to the Sabbath. Expoverty, culture and ignorance, moral- c~pt on festal occasions the many ity and laxity, churchliness and indif- cathedrals and churches were very ference-with the second element in sparsely attended. Nine-tenths of each case overwhelmingly in the as- those who frequented the Mass were cendancy. In a country well-nigh women. Many of the church edifices unparalleled for fertility, poverty was were in a deplorable state of repair, widespread and the conditions of life so that the impression made upon a for the masses could hardly have been visitor was that for the great maworse from a hygienic standpoint.. jority of the men at least Roman From 60 to 80 per cent. of the people Catholicism as a religion in Cuba was were illiterate. In r899 the official in a decadent condition, the existing

YEARS IN

Church having lost the confidence of Hict with the marriage laws enacted the people. It is undeniable that the during the first American intervenpriests, as a class, with some noble tion with the express object of lesexceptions, are treated by the ma- sening the number of illicit unions jority of Cubans with cold indiffer- and of illegitimate children. From ence. This is due to their lack 1885 to 1900 the Judicial district in of culture, and in too many cases to 'Havana registered the largest number their social laxity. of marriages, filling seven books, each book composed of 400 leaves ~lore and more the masses are and each marriage occuping two turning to the Protestant ministers leaves. From 1900 to the present for marriage. My own list has A CULTIVATED PRODUCT OF CUBA Children of the Presbyterian Sabbath School at San Antonio, delos Banos reached a total of J 75 and that of one time the district which has registered associate 3,200. In many cases the the least number of marriages has pastor has also paid the registry fee filled seventeen books ,of 600 pages of one dollar, and in not a few in- each, assigning to every marriage one stances it was necessary to secure page and a quarter. In the Southern the inscription in the civil registry of Judicial district of Havana the numthose whose parents had failed to ber of matrimonial inscriptions from report their birth. 1910 to 1913 reached a total of 1,579. Of these 982 were Protestant, 418 It is worth while to note that three were Roman Catholic and 179 were years ago, Sr. Carlos Ortiz y Coffigiu, civil. Secretary of Justice, issued a circular to the municipal judges of the island, What we found in Cuba may be urging upon them to put no obstacles summed up in general terms, and in the way of registering the mar- speaking of the masses, as followsriages celebrated by Protestant minis- stagnant intellect, enfeebled will, perters, as such action would be in con- verted conscience and irreligious life.

ONE OF THE NEW CHRISTIAN INSTITUTIONS OF CUBA The new Y. M. C. A. Building to he complet<:d in April, 191.1 The people did not know how to quentiy no public conscience to be think, and were afraid to investigate, relied upon as a last resort, and men They were like animated machines, did what for the time being seemed manipulated from without and ac- to serve their own interests. The ' cepting what was told them or what idea that the end justifies the means they had inherited as truth. They made itself felt most disastrously delegated their decisions on moral in the matter of truthfulness, questions to others, knowing nothing honesty, chastity and even of friendof the right of private judgment. ship and matrimony. This explains Conscience with them had been ~o to a great extent why Cuba well-nigh misguided in their education that leads the world in the number of her moral distinctions were sadly con- suicides, ravishments, robberies and fused. Men had lost the native in- graft. stincts of right and wrong in obedience to an artificial code of morals. Certainly what has been written They worried about sins that were will suffice to justify the presence no sins and they had lost the con- of Protestant missionaries in Cuba. sciousness that men may be sinners Some of the statements made in even when they are obedient sons the article in The Catholic WarId of the Church. There was conse- stand in marked contrast to the facts which can not be refuted.

FIFTEE:t-l" YEARS IN·· CUBA

Statements in the "Catholic World" Oflicial Facts of Protestant Work "Not a single established Protestant One hundred and forty-nine organ- congregation of Cubans." ized churches with a membership of 10,975· "There are 30 per cent. less missions Established missions, 290, with 170 and 50 per cent. less workers (Protes- ordained missionary workers. tant) than there were six years ago."

"All over the island men and women Average gain In the last six years, are giving up the struggle and coming over 100 per cent. in church-member- home." ship.

"The Episcopal Mission has spent Protestant Episcopal Mission average $100,000 yearly in Cuba for salaries and expenditure since 1904, $35,000. running expenses since 1900."

"It is well below the truth to say that Total average expenditure of all Prot- $400,000 are being spent annually for estant societies, $221,429 a year. the (Protestant) conversion of Cuba."

The Protestant pastors and their been circulated to the number of assistants preach the Gospel in 300 300,000, and millions of tracts have pulpits each week. There are over been given away. Surely, from any 700 teachers in the Sabbath-schools unprejudiced standpoint, Protestant and r60 teachers in the boarding- and missions in Cuba have not been a day-schools conducted by the mis- failure and the money given has sions. There are five Protestatlt not been wasted. The manifest blesschurch papers published, Bibles have ing of God has rested on the work.

STATISTICAL RESULTS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA (1889-1914) – -. — ——– _. Denomination <; ~ ..!< .$ ~ -~"~"~" .""~.~"", ..I ~~~ ., 1l~ .., ." "I '" '" -"" """S <; ~~ .~~ >- .E" t -.:,;,:,~ 1l t.~ .:l " " '1'"; .~ c "'''' ~…"cc,-,"", ~~ ""'""'" C;; ..~..,..",."~.,. o~~ u~"'- ~ Q'" 'C"1i'""'-i tu":;VJ .:l O.. Cu': .." """,,,,,'..-~.. ~~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ Baptists (S.) 1899 $40,000 29 27 1,900 31 35 2,000 7 200 75% Baptists (N.) Protestant Epis. 1899 40,000 98 37 1,537 33 56 1,640 11 565 1000/0 (In 10 yrs.) Friends Presbyterian (N.) 1904 35,000 32 19 1,677 19 19 1,237 5 669 175% Presbyterian (S.) Methodist (S.) 1900 5,714 36 7 467 21 36 621 5 353 75% 1901 33,000 31 20 1,108 20 28 1,788 12 600 20% 1899 13,000 15 9 600 7 9 750 4 500 100% -5-4,7-15 – 49 30 -3,6-86 – 3-9 – 5-1 2,597 6 -5-52 40% ~- — – -18-99 $221,429 290 149 10,975 170 234 10,633 50 3,439 100%

A Key Man at Constantinople

WILLIAM W. PEET, TREASURER OF AMERICAN MISSIONS IN TURKEY Thirty-four years ago Mr. William W. Peet, then a young man only thirty-one years of age, gave up a responsible position with the railroads of Nebraska to accept appointment as treasurer and general business agent for all the Turkey missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. It is an important office, the duties of which are manifold, and often perplexing. During the last sixteen years Mr. Peet has also discharged with signal ability the delicate task of representing mission interests at the foreign embassies and at the offices of the Turkish Central Government.

When Miss Ellen M. Stone and Mme. Tsilka and her infant son, born in captivity, were held for ransom by Bulgarian brigands, it was Mr. Peet who, with Dr. House and the dragoman of the American embassy, successfully negotiated their rescue. Turkish officers high and low, civil and military, had been instructed to shadow the rescuers every moment, night and day, to break up their plans for payment of a ransom, and at all hazards to arrest the abductors-their enemies. Mr. Peet was positively assured that the ladies were dead, but he quietly replied, "Then we will visit their graves." For wearisome days and nights he and his two comrades, with $66,000 in gold coin (250 pounds weight, done up in sacks), sought to elude the vigilance of the Turks, but in vain. Finally one night, while the guard slept, they crept out to the appointed place on the hillside, and successfully delivered the ransom money into the hands of the brigands–assuring the release of the captives. Thus they accomplished the seemingly impossible task.

In the years r895-97 more than $r,ooo,ooo for Armenian relief and orphansupport money was distributed through Mr. Peet's office without the loss of a dollar. Again, in the recent utter collapse of banking facilities, due to the European war, Mr. Peet has been able to meet the needs of 200 missionaries all over Turkey, with a minimum of inconvenience and delay.

In the reign of Abdul Hamid, there were many business transactions with the Turkish Government that required both business ability and diplomatic tact of an unusual order. When Mr_ Wingate of Talas purchased, as the site for a high-school, an elevation commanding a view of the Caesarea' plain, the local government declared: "That is a site for a fort, not for a school," and demanded the return of the property. Mr_ Peet, like Antonio, opposed his patience to the Turks' fury, and made use of the Turkish device of postponing any settlement until a more propitious hour. -{s a result, the Ta1as High-School building now crowns that eminence.

The success of Mr. Peet is due to certain prominent characteristics. He masters each case, and when he is sure he is right, he goes ahead. With imperturbable self-control, he is ah1e to keep an impassive face, never raising his voice even under great provocation. His manifest sincerity, his Christian principles, and his mastery of self and of the matter in hand, inspire confi'dence with men of every class. He is a model associate and friend, uniformly considerate of his colleagues and assistants. He is the executive force. His indomitable will, his calm judgment, his unassuming dignity, his consideration of others, his weighty personality, his years of experience, constitute the solid basis of his success.

EUPHRATES COLLEGE BUILDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MISSION AT HARPUT A STREET IN ERZERUM, TURKEY The large building is thc Girls' Mission School of the American Board CENTERS OF AMERICAN MISSION WORK IN TURKEY The War and Missions in Turkey BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Author of "Day Break in Turkey," "The Unfinished Task," etc.

T is a gratifying fact The entrance of Turkey into the conflict was evidently not sponmI that the present con- taneous, and was without the ap- flict is not a religious proval of all Moslem leaders. Their enthusiasm for the conflict is not on war, whatever may b'e said to the contrary. Roman Catholic and the increase, and the Christian popu- Protestant countries are in alliance· lations have never favored it.

against other Protestant and Roman The significance of the Turkish Catholic countries. Mohammedans, factor in the conflict is not due to Greek Catholics, and Jews are also the addition of 20,000,000 to the fighting upon both sides. It is a war number of peoples involved, but is in which religious and class lines are because for half a century or more obliterated. Turkey has been the storm center Turkey entered the conflict not of the Near Eastern question. Since from choice but from necessity, and the Crimean War Russia has because of pressure from without. crowded from the north for influ- From Turkey's standpoint the war ence and territory, while England, against the Allies is not a religious France and Germany have skir- war in the generally accepted mean- mished for position and influence in ing of the term. At the same time the Balkans, in Asia Minor, and in it was necessary for the Turks; be- Mesopotamia, Syri~, Arabia and fore entering upon formal hostilities, Egypt. Now that the "balance of to declare a "holy war," since all power" is in the melting-pot, Turkey Mohammedan wars are supposed to is thrust into the superheated furnace be more or less identified with re- into which are cast questions of con- ligion. The unreasonableness of the trol, sovereignity and supremacy of situation is made apparent from the more than one European nation.

fact that Turkey is in alliance with As a missionary land Turkey com- nations that are fighting Moham- mands unusual attention because of medans. In fact, they themeselves, its Mohammedan Government. It if they attempt to invade Egypt, will is practically the only country where come into open conflict with their Christian missionaries labor to-day Mohammedan brethren, while, at the that is openly and constitutionally same time, their Mohammedan army Mohammedan. It possesses a great and navy have Christians in their variety of divergent Moslem sects ranks and are fighting under the and races besides being the home of leadership of Christian officers. some of the most ancient and historic Clearly, even fr0111 the Turkish Christian races and churches. For standpoint, the war is not strictly nearly a century this mission field religious. has been occupied, mainly by the American Board and by the Pres- soon as the British Ambassador with- byterian Board of Foreign Missions. drew from Constantinople, British In no other field have more con- subjects were put under the pro- spicuously successful Christian in- tection of the American Ambassador, stitutions been established than those Mr. Morgenthau, who at once se- in Turkey. These include, besides cured from the Grand Vizier the strong, aggressive Protestant churches, assurance that all British subjects a notable list of colleges and semi- connected with the work of the naries, other schools of all grades, American Board (30 or 40 in alI) hospitals and dispensaries, printing would be undisturbed. So far as establishments, industrial enterprises, we have been able to ascertain, the and many other activities related to Turkish Government has carried out organized mISSIOnary operations. this pledge to the letter.

These institutions are distributed For a brief period one of the over the country, from -the Balkan alarming effects of the war upon peninsula on the west, "to Russia and mission work in Turkey arose from Persia on the east, and from the the abolition of the "capitulatiolIs"

Black Sea on the north to the Indian that have been in operation in Turkey Ocean on the south. They reach all for centuries. This was accompanied classes, and during the last three or by the declaration that hereafter alI four years a rapidly increasing num- foreigners and all foreign institutions ber of Moslems have been eager pa- wOl1ldcome under the laws of Tur- trons and supporters. key. There is still some misunder- The American Board and the Pres- standing as to how far this proclam- byterian Board, together with some ation will affect the Armenian, Greek, smaller missions, support fonr or Protestant and other communities, five hundred foreign missionaries, but assurance has been given by most of whom are connected with Turkish officials that American mis- the American societies. They repre- sions and institutions will not be sent an investment of more than hindered. The Grand Vizier stated $30,000,000, with an annual expen- that these institutions are carried on, diture of about $700,000 in gold, and nof under "capitulations," but under have won the patronage of the lead- the laws of the Empire. This ing official classes. There are also proclamation, which went into effect French Roman Catholic missions of on October 1St, has, so far as we considerable proportions, many of know, not unfavorably reacted upon which have strong institutions and the missionary work, and the mLs- carryon a most commendable work. sionaries are hopeful that their work At the beginning of November this will not permanently be disturbed.

entire territory, almost without warn- Turkey was most quickly and ing, found itself in open war against seriously affected by the financial Russia, England and France. All crisis caused by the outbreak of the British and French missionaries were war. This was probably due to a lack compelled to withdraw, and their of confidence in the financial system institutions were closed, except where . of that country. As soon as it was kept open by trained natives, A'i> known in Constantinople that a gen-

9 1 5] THE WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY

A COMPANY OF TURKISH SOLDIERS ON' TIlE MARCH IN ARMENIA eral European war had begun, a Finally, it was arranged, through moratorium of thirty days was de- the State Department, that a Iimitclared. Later this was extended, eO' amount of gold should be and it was impossible to secure carried to Turkey by the United money from any of the banks, and States cruisers and paid over to the merchants refused to transact busi- 111issionaries. The amount was, howness on credit. The American Board ever, very inadequate to meet the Treasury at Constantinople alone re- need. Ambassador Morgenthau quires $600 gold a day, or $18,000 a also paid personally to the treasurer 1110nth for the support of the regular of the Board in Constantinople mission work and the institutions de- $17,000, cabling the American Board pendent upon it. A dispatch was to put that amount to his credit in received at the offices in Boston on Washington. Even this generous August 19th (by way of Naples), help would not meet bills already stating that the missionaries in Tur- due, much less provide for the future. key were suffering terribly for want The question arose as to whether it of gold. No bank in Boston, New would not be necessary to withdraw York, or London, or elsewhere could all the missionaries from Turkey. be found to assume the responsibility At this crisis the Standard Oil Comfor making payments in Constanti- pany of New York agreed to instruct nople. its agents in Turkey to pay limited

amounts of money into the hands of In this emergency, Mr. W. W. the institutions and mIssIonary Peet, the treasurer of the American societies there. This plan of co- Board ,missions in Constantinople, sent operation solved the problem of word to the interior that he would transmitting funds to Constantinople, pay full cash value for all drafts on Smyrna and Beirut. himself sent by the various stations. It soon "became apparent to the There was, however, a further people that the only way to send difficulty, for it was impossible to money safely from the interior to transmit the money from the mis- Constantinople was through the mission treasurers at the seaports into sionaries. It also became noised abroad that the Bible House was the FAST FRETGHT IN TURKEY only place in Constantinople where drafts .were cashed at their full face It is over such roads that money mllst be trans- value. ported to the missionaries in Armenia Now another method of relief apthe interior where are located most peared. The Mohammedan religof the missionaries and institutions. ious organization, that has endow- Under norma[ conditions it is possi- ments scattered throughout the emble to send gold from Constantinople pire, found it impossible to send the to the remotest interior stations income of those endowments to their through the mails, but now no com- headquarters in Constantinople, and pany would insure the safe delivery when they learned that the mission of such remittances, since brigan- stations offered a safe means of dage was on the increase. Under transfer they also paid in this money the panic conditions of the war other at the various stations, where it was means of exchange between Con- used for the support of the missionstantinople and the interior were in- a r i e s, and received in exchange terrupted, so that the salaries of drafts on Treasurer Peet at Conteachers and pastors could not be stantinople. These drafts were prepaid, and there was not even money sented at the Bible I-louse by the to buy daily bread. head of the Mohammedan organi- zation and were cashed at their face value.

In this way a great business cor- poration in America and the great Mohammedan religious organization in Turkey cooperated to keep mis- sionarie"s alive and at their posts, and furnished the funds needed for their work. This experience also gave to missions a new reputation of busi- nesS integrity and ability.

In September there was a serious question as to whether schools could be opened at their regular time. A

WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY IB9

protest was, however, raised by all Leasona from the War classes in Turkey aga'inst any change in the usual program, lest it would The war in Turkey has taught. us throw the people into a panic in fear some lessons of no little value. of some · unknown impending disaster. The missionaries, therefore, de- First: It has revealed the lack of cided to open the schools as usual. solidarity among the Mohammedans And this was done throughout the of Turkey. A short time before country, with an attendance generally Turkey entered the war a sermon was preached in the Mosque of ,st. Sophia, Constantinople, in which the AMERICAN MINISTRIES TO TURKISH SUBJECTS A group of ·morning patients at th e International Hospital in Adana, Eu ropea n Turkey somewhat smaller than usual on ac- preacher called upon his great Mocount of the financial distress and the hammedan audience to draw the difficulties of traveL sword and enter into a holy war to exterminate Christians and cause The drastic military mobilization Islam to triumph. The only response took some teachers from mission was a loud "Amin," after which the schools, and by removing wage- audience peacefully scattered to their earners and harvesters brought great homes, hardship upon the entire country. Beasts of burden and supplies for Again, when Turkey entered into feeding the army were also requi- the war, the Sultan issued a proclasitioned to such an extent that many mation to his people that they 'were homes were left absolutely stript. entering upon a "holy war," and cal1~ By payment' of the exemption tax ing upon the Mohammedans throughmany teachers escaped service in the out the world to rally to the banner army, so that American schools have of Islam and overthrow the foes of not been seriously crippled, Mohammed, This proclamation also

called out no enthusiasm even £r0111 defense of Islam. Even Turkey the Mohammedans in Turkey. The would not expect Christian Artne- Kurdish Hamidieh, upon whom Sul- nians, Syrians, and Greeks to fight tan Abdul Hamid relied in his con- for the defense of Islam or for its flicts with the Armenians and Rus- extension.

sians, have refused to fight under the To-day the bringing of officers flag of the Sultan of Turkey, and it from a Christian nation to organize is reported that some have gone over and lead the Turkish army and the to the Russians. The Arabs, when Turkish navy is a more complete forced into the army, are also said demonstration of the disintegration to be deserting by hundreds and of Turkey as a Mohammedan mili- thousands. tary power.

This call to a "holy war" from one Fourth: The present crisis dem- who claims to be the Caliph of Islam, onstrates the influence and power the successor of Mohammed, has of Christian missionary institutions.

met With little response, and many The Turks have turned to the mis- even Df the leading Moslems of sionary hospitals as the chief source Consta'ntinople are arrayed in oppo- of medical help for soldiers as well sition to it. as for civilians. The missionary Second: This war has revealed the schools have not only been undis- fact that Turkey does not command turbed, but local officials, and even the following. of the Mohammedans Turkish generals have exprest of the world. While this, the only re- their appreciation and confidence in maining strong Mohammedan. Gov- them, and have given assurance that ernment, was issuing a call to arms they would be protected. The' Com- against the Christians, the Moham- mander-in-Chief of the Fourth Tur- medans of India were giving money, kish Army Corps, located in Smyrna, and were offering their services to and the Civil Governor, have been the British Government. The Egyp- particularly friendly toward the In- tians also, nominally a part of Tur- ternational College and' to President key, declared their loyalty to Great MacLachlan, altho the latter is a -Britain, while Turkey and Russia are British subject.

in conflict. While friends in America have Third: The Turks themselves are been alarmed lest the American mis- proving their inability to continue as sionaries should suffer hardship, the a self-governing nation in the face missionaries in Turkey have not of the onward march of civilization. seemed to be disturbed or anxious.

Since the days of Mohammed the They have confidence in the local Turkish army had been, theoretically government, and believe that when at least, the main support of Mo- the storm is past, and Turkey is hammedanism. When, however, the again at peace, all classes will look Constitution was proclaimed in 1908, upon the missionary work as among and Christians were admitted into the the most permanent and most worthy . army on equal terms with Moham- of perpetuation of any of the uplift- medans, the Turkish army ceased to ing and civilizing influences and in- be one that could be used for the stitutions in the Turkish empire.

Toleration In

BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., LL.D. MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church ~I T is significant that the Creator." No review of Mexico men high in the coun- is complete which ignores this great struggle which began in 1810 and is , cils of both Church still in progress.

and State should, at Most Americans to-day seem to be as lacking in sympathetic patience to- about the same time, ward our distrest brothers of Mexico as were their grandfathers appeal to the public some seventy years ago, when Daniel Webster said to a circle of friends: from the pulpit and the press with "We have a sister republic on our southern border almost in mortal energetic claims that the revolution- agony and no one among us seems willing to lend it a helping hand." ary leaders of Mexico had initiated The truth is that the Mexican people, as a whole, have never had a chance. a campaign of persecution against The few who have had a chance have "made good" and, as a result, the Roman Catholic Church of that many of their. professional men, merchants, farmers, mechanics, and country. Two Cardinals, several others, will compare favorably with their brothers north of the Rio priests, some national representatives Grande. But the masses have never had what we, in the .United States, and one ex-President of the United call "a square deaL"

States, are among those who tell of When the accumulated wrongs of three centuries were almost crush- "churches confiscated or looted, con- ing the life out of them and the bitter murmurings which escaped vents destroyed, priests shot in cold their lips reached the ears of their masters, who came from across the blood, Jesuits, secret orders and sea to lord it over them, the Viceroy aded fuel to the fire by a proclamaciergy sent out of the country, nuns tion containing the following para- graph: "Let the people of these outraged, and other evidences of dominions learn once for all that they were born to be silent and obey intolerance." In all lands and at and not to discuss nor to have opinions in political affairs." all times Protestants are foremost Under circumstances less afflictive in condemning such wrongs, and are the first in demanding equal toleration for all creeds. Some things, however, should be said about the reprehensible intolerance and fanatical excesses now being laid at the door of the revolutionary leaders and authorities in Mexico.

The public utterances referred to completely ignore the provisions of the Constitution of 1857, and the Laws of Reform, as well as the long and bitter struggle which a suffering people have endured, with tremen- dous sacrifices, in order to reach part of the way toward democracy and all those other "inalienable rights"

with which they were "endowed by

what did American patriots do in foreigners) have always been against 1776? What did the French people the best interests of the masses.

do in 1789? And, going still further The aristocracy, largely descend- back, what did our forefathers do ants of the conquerers and Spanish in 1640 and 1688 in order to rescue grandees, wanted the peons to work from the battleground of four hun- on their great estates, and for their dred years that grand Magna Charta purposes they did not wish them that they might plant it as the Con- educated. Most of the priests from stitution of a free and liberty-loving Europe were too worldly, and par- people? To each of these questions took too largely of that "lust of gold"

the answer is the same; they which characterized the early con- revolted, and by so doing set the querors, to have much concern in the example to our Mexican brothers as real uplift of the Indians. They, the only possible method open to therefore, generally played into the them for righting their wrongs. hands of the aristocracy. The ruling Surely, then, no American or Eng- class has always 'sided with the rich lishman or Frenchman should with- as against the poor.

hold sympathy from these struggling The indigenous people of Mexico people. Harsh criticism smacks of had thus been under control since at apostacy. vVhen that unrighteous least a thousand years before the proclamation went abroad, in the Christian era, and part of them early days of the nineteenth century, represent a civilization equal, in some Divine Providence, who created all cases, to that forced upon them by men equal, raised up leaders among "military eloquence." These people the common people who cried and are compelled to li'e in ignorance, cried aloud, "vVe will not lay down degradation, and superstition, are our arms till we have wrested the deprived of the ownership of their jewel of liberty from the hand of own God-given lands, and are then the oppressor." required to till them for masters It has been an uneven struggle from over the sea. The native against great odds, dragging its Mexicans are given absolutely no weary way through more than a participation in the choice of their century, but it means for them free- rulers, and then, after three hundred dom from Spanish domination, from years of Christian civilization ( ?) religious oppression, from serfdom they are told that they "were born to imposed by landlords, and from ig- be silent and obey." Can we wonder norance. Even now, 80 per cent. are that these creatures of God rose up still illiterate, tho nominally under to throw off the yoke, and that now the influence of the historic church the slogan of their revolution is for four centuries. A powerful "effective suffrage" and "the return trinity of the privileged classes has of our lands?" This is the crux been united against the people at of the whole trouble in Mexico.

every renewal of their effort; for Some American correspondents who the rulers, the aristocracy (which go down into the country seek out included military officers), and the "sore spots," and returning home are high clergy (who were generally generously paid to' write magazine

TOLERATION IN MEXICO

articles about "Barbarous l'vlexico." press without exaggeration. vVhat vVhy do not some of them give more· has actuaIly taken place in Mexico is prominence to the mistakes and fail- bad enough, and at times has rivaled ures of the past 400 years? the atrocities of the French Revolu- The Christian people of the United tion. vVrongdoing is never justifi- States need a more careful con- able, however great the provocation, MAKING A PILGRIMAGE IN MEXICO A :Mexican Roman Gatholic devotee making a pilgrimage to a holy shrine on her knees. She collects coins in the pan on the ground in front sideration of the facts before hastily and yet the provocation should beget condemning everything south of the sympathetic consideration. That is Rio Grande. All the Mexicans are all we plead for in the case of poor not cut-throats, nor are all the revolu- Mexico in these days of her sore tionists bandits. Nor are the ac- trial. In this spirit let us look at counts appearing in the American some of the charges to which we refer.

Some of the Charges that, according to law, no such con- The first is that the leaders of the vents have existed in Mexico for revolution are ruthlessly confiscating church property in Mexico. This is over fifty years. not correct. All church property was confiscated under the Constitu- Another mistaken charge is that tion of 1857, and now the Church can not legally hold property as an the present leaders of the revolution investment. Mexican historians make clear why such drastic measures are expelling Jesuit priests, nuns, and were incorporated into the Constitution and emphasized by the re- other religious orders from Mexico. form laws of 1859. It was, as one of them says, "because the Church The same reason, given above as to became a very prominent factor in politics and could upset and establish the political influence of the Church, governments at its pleasure, fomenting the many revolutions which were applied with special force to all constantly breaking out." Therefore, it was that the political power of secret religious orders. Hence, in the Church was destroyed by effecting a complete independence of 1873, Mexico promulgated additional Church and State, and the confiscation of all Church property-from the reform laws, which expelled all such most magnificent cathedral to the smallest chapel, and from the moat secret societies from the country. In expensive convent to the humblest shrine in the country. All Church this they only did what several counproperty not built in recent years belongs to the government, which, tries in Latin America and many in turn, gives a free lease to the Church of such edifices as are re- countries in Europe had found it quired for public worship. All this was brought to pass by the Liberal necessary to do. If, therefore, Party, most of whose members lived and died in the Roman Catholic fold, Jesuits, nuns, and members of kintho they were decidedly opposed to the Church as a political insti- dred orders have recently been tution. Rare, indeed, was the case when a Liberal de~lared himself op- found in Mexico, they were there posed to Christianity. Reports of the confiscating of Church property against the law, the existence of in these days is a mistake-such confiscation occured nearly sixty years which they certainly were not· ignorago. As to the destruction of convents, it is only necessary to say ant. The present authorities were fully authorized in reminding them of the law. .

It has also been asserted that many of the clergy have recently been expelled from the country. The Constitution of 1857 provides not only for the separation of Church and State, but it also guarantees full religious liberty. This means equal toleration for Roman Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, or Jew; and no one has more reason to be grate- ful for those reasonable and just provisions of the Constitution than the ancient people of God whose descendants in Mexico were, in for- mer times, subjected to much cruel treatment simply for following the faith of their fathers.

It appears to be true that a con- siderable number of priests have been sent out of the country, but

TOLERATION IN

the revolutionists claim that all such Methodist Mission School and were foreigners and had given Church. Every room on the premprovocation. They claim that many ises but one was looted, two cabinet of these left "because of troubled organs, furniture, books, and clothconsciences," or for fear that they ing were carried out and publicly might be expelled.. The famous burned. Then the mob set fire to thirty-third article of the Consti- the building, which would have been tution was framed at a time when utterly destroyed had not the townsthese secret orders were giving people organized, armed themselves, trouble to the government. It em- driven off the mob and extinguished powers the authorities to expel from the fire. Probably 90 per cent. of the republic, without process of law, these townspeople were Roman any foreigner found meddling with Catholics who have thus incurred our politics. It is a tremendous power lasting gratitude. An inventory to place in the hands of any man, made out by a notary public of but the experience of the past called Queretaro puts :the damage at it into existence and it has. a special $13,800 silver. No complaint has terror for transgressors of the law. been lodged with the Government at Vashington because of this un- Other evidences of persecution are provoked attack on the Methodist mentioned, such as the outraging of property, nor for the indignities sufnuns, the desecration of sacred places, fered by both missionaries and native the burning of confessionals. All clergy during the past four years. such acts the Protestants emphatically condemn. Such things are a dis- A few hours after the Queretaro grace wherever and whenever they mob had done its work, General Villa oc<:ur. Good people of all creeds and General Gutierrez arrived in the lift their voices against them. In city, and on being informed of what the present case, however, these had happened, immediately sent men excesses were not the acts of the to repair the buildings. Two of the authorities or leaders of the revolu- ringleaders were arrested and would tion, but of irresponsible mobs, have been shot but for the earnest among which, at times, may have pleadings of the Methodist pastors, been found soldiers. who declared that they sought not revenge but simply the restoration of One concrete case will suffice to their property. Protestants and illustrate our meaning. After the Roman Catholics, alike, are suffering fall of the Huerta Government a the horrors of war in Mexico, and mob entered a Roman Catholic yet, these acts, like similar events in Church in the city of Queretaro, Europe, too awful to narrate, are brought out a confessional stall, and not be laid at the door of the leaders burned it in the streets. The Con- except in very rare cases. They are stitutional forces which entered the committed by degenerate soldiers or city soon after restored order. A irresponsible mobs. few days later, when these forces evacuated the city, and before the Two other charges have been rearrival of Gen. Villa's army, another peatedly made to the effect that mob sought to wreck revenge on the General Huerta was promised "that if

he Lecame a .Mason it would secure All the aLove has for its object him election and American recog- to show two things. First, that our nition." According to the New York Mexican brothers deserve a more Times of December 17th, Father sympathetic hearing on the part of McMahon publicly charged also that the American public than they have "recognition and support were hitherto received. Armed interven- offered to Huerta if he would em- tion is the last thing that ought to brace Protestantism." The first be considered. Secondly, historic charge is certainly open to doubt. Christianity in Mexico needs to be Irregular and irresponsible Masons, vitalized before it can adequately ful- of Wh0111 there are some in Mexico, fil its sacred mission among the may do reprehensible things, but the Mexican people. Historic Christian- Masonic Order, as stich, would never ity, with its splendid cathedrals and have done what is alleged in this religious pageantry alone, in the case. There is no Masonic con- centers of the country, are not suffi- spiracy in Mexico. cient. Roman Catholics and Protes- " The second charge is a most sur- tants alike must go into the towns, hamlets and rural districts in the prizing piece of news. I have been simplicity of primitive Christianity, the dean of the missionary corps in and 111 the spirit of its Divine Mexico City for several years, and Head, until every last man and intimately associated with the native woman of these 16,000,000 111clergy for a much longer period. habitants has been lifted out No stich offer could have been made of degradation, superstition and without my knowledge. Moreover, idolatry, and has been brought into all readers of the MISSIONARY vital touch with "the God and Father REVIEW will know that no Protestant of lIS all." When that glad day apcould ever make such an offer. It is proaches, as the immortal Lincoln absolutely contrary to the genius of declared, "Mexico will rise again," Protestantism, and the man who and her people "will learn war no could offer any worldly or political more." Protestant Christianity, with consideration as a motive" for joining his church would be unworthy of membership in any Protestant or- the open Bible, the living Christ, and ganization. The only door of en- a liberal education, stall(~s now as trance is by repentance and faith in always for those forces that will Jesus Christ. hasten the coming of that glad day; MODERN CHRISTIANITY Modern Christianity is rapidly recovering the social impUlse of its earliest days. It is glowing once again with the old fire. The fatalist-whether he wear the garments of materialism or of predestination-does not count in the forward march of the Christian army to-day. The Church is convinced that a Christianity which does not go about "doing good" is not the Christianity of Christ. A religion which ignores the healing of the body is not the religion of Him who "took our infirmities, and bore our diseaseS." A religion which ignores child labor and child mortality is not the religion of Him who took the children in His arms. A religion which has nothing to say about vice and crime in the modern city can not claim kinship with the power that speaks out ih the great apostolic letters to Corinth and Rome and Ephesus. A faith that merely hopes the will of God will be done in heaven as it is not on earth, is not the faith of the Lord's Prayer.-W. H. P. Faunce.

E. HIGGINS-THE LUMBERJACKS' SKY

The Lumberjacks' Sky Pilot BY RE V. THOMAS D. WH I T T LES, NORTH EAST, PEN N S YLVA N IA Autho r of "The P a ri ~ h of the Pines"

fJN o messenger of religion the great forests of the north has left a broader trail and west, where he blazed the trail, and founded the mission to . in the lumber districts lumberj acks and riverpigs. The tale of the camps can never be writ- of the United States ten without telling the story of Hig- gins. In bunkhouse and byway he than Frank Higgins, delivered his message of regenera- the well-known Sky Pilot. For nearly twenty years he was active as a missionary in

tion, in city and town he graphically the response that he, who a moment told the narrative until the chur~hes ago had desired to lead an army of were awakened to participate in his stumps to victory, fled to the cover unique labor of love. His message of the forest, pursued by the convul- went beyond our national boundaries, sive laughter of his friends. Year!'

and Canada and England listened afterward, when commenting on this with responding interest. incident, he said, "You see, it was a Francis Edmund Higgins was sermon to men after all."

born forty-nine years ago in Toron- Men were always his auditors, and to, Canada, of Irish parentage. His among the stumps of many a far-off boyhood years were passed on a pinery he preached with results that farm north of Toronto, and the great caused mothers and angels to laugh factor that entered into them was in gladness.

the godly spirit of his stepfather, He was twenty years old when he who by life and precept led young returned to Toronto and entered the Higgins into the presence of the sixth grade of the city schools. He Nazarene. Many times I have heard remained there until he completed his Frank Higgins declare, "For my re- second year in the high school. At ligion I am indebted more to my twenty-five he returned to Dufferin stepfather than to any other person. county and was licensed to preach on He pointed to higher things, and led the Rosemount Circuit of the Metho- the way." . dist Church. The Methodist breth- No sooner had Higgins experi- ren found Higgins an unusual propo- enced ,religion than he began to sItIon. He could not, would not, propagate it, and through his per- work along the normal conservative suasion m 0 s t of his companions lines, but insisted on going his own joined the company of believers. A pace and along new trails. Finally, semi-weekly prayer meeting was or- they decided to dispense with his ganized in the school house, Frank services for three sufficient reasons Higgins leading the first meeting, -first, he was too old to study for and nine of the young men who at- the ministry; second, he was too ig- tended these gatherings afterward norant; and third, he had 110 relig- became preachers of the Gospel. ion.

Long before he united with the So it has ever been, the truly great Church the desire to preach possest have been misunderstood. To Frank him, and daily he discoursed to the Higgins' religion alone was his great- stumps while laboring in the fields. ness due. His love for Christ was Once, at the climax of an eloquent the spring of his service. His relig- sermon, as he vigorously chided the ious life was too natural, simple stumps for their inactivity, and with and unaffected, however, for the boyish enthusiasm bade them un- understanding of many, and even in sheath their swords and possess the later years some doubted him. But promised land, his stepfather and the thousands of lumberjacks have rea- hired man, who were unsuspected son to thank God for the man who listeners, thrust their heads above the knew no cant, whose life retained silent audience.. So unexpected was the simplicity of childhood, and

LUMBERJACKS' SKY PILOT

FRANK HIGGINS CONDUC'IING A CA.MP MEETING his beloved lumberjacks. Here he learned of the roaring "riverpigs" whose love for Christ brought him and wilful "timber savages," and the into closer relation with the Ishmaels unconventional 'love of the Higgins of humanity. heart went out to them with a desire that was stedfast to the end. The The opinions of men, however, unchurched for est e r s became his could not deter Frank Higgins. He hearers, and by the swift-flowing was determined to preach, and hear- streams and in the low-built bunking of the mission needs of Minne- houses, he declared to them, Christ's sota, he crossed the boundary and way of reformation and salvation. was appointed to the Annandale Methodist Church. After two years From that spring day in Barnum there he went to Hamline University, his marriage tie to the lumberjacks supporting himself by preaching on was never broken, never strained, the Sabbaths. The presiding elder and in his a'fter-work at Bemidji he found the Irish Canadian a problem devoted more effort to the camp men hard to solve and two years later than he did to the congregation he Higgins was left without an appoint- had been sent to serve. It was this ment, and his school-days closed. devotion to the lumberjacks, and the The man· had not yet found him- time it took from his studies, that self. caused his ordination to be so long withheld. The Presbyterians found He had been raised a Presbyterian him as hard to understand as had the and, when in 1895 the way opened for him to enter the service of the Presbyterian Church at Bar n u m, Minnesota, he gladly returned to the denomination of his youth. It was ilt Barn.um that he fou1~d himself and

Methodists, but finally, in 1902, he churches and to raise funds for the was ordained by Duluth Presbytery. 1111SSlon. The following March, In the fall of that year Higgins while visiting the Montana camps, he resigned his position at Bemidji and received additional injuries in a rail- accepted appointment u n d e r the road wreck at Thema. He was car- Evangelistic Committee of the Pres- ried to Spokane for treatment, and byterian Church. His entire time while in the hospital it was discov- was given to camp work, and the ered that sarcoma had developed :It byways of the Minnesota forests the point of the former fracture, have never known a more devoted which necessitated an operation. Al- and persistent traveler than this mes- tho two-thirds of the left collarbone senger to the "down al1d outs." No was removed, he recovered quickly camp was too far away, no man and returned to his labors. Then the was too low to reach. He knew no right collarbone showed evidences of respect of persoris, no class, but to the disease~ and on the 1st of Octo- millionaire and pauper preached thc ber, 1914, he again submitted to the same unfaiLng Gospel. The comforts knife. Evidently the bones had been of home, so dear to most of us, were weakened by the packs he had car- forgotten when the privilege of ser- ried from camp to camp.

vice presented itself. The rebuffs After the second operation the Sky that discourage weak men found him Pilot gradually lost his great physical clad in the armor of hope. He had strength, but he would not rest.

a message, and with God's help he Vithin four weeks he was again on would deliver it-and the help of the rostrum pleading for his "boys"

God he never doubted. in the woods, ancl continned to do After the logging camp work was this nntil within a month of his transferred from the Evangelistic death. A few days before Christ- Committee to the Home Board it mas he went to his boyhood home in grew from a Minnesota work to one Shelburne, Ontario, and there, in the of national dimensions,' and at the afternoon of January 4th, he entered present time nine states have organ- irito rest. A wife and daughter and ized work under the care of the thousands of friends suffer a per- Board. For this increasing work sonal bereavement in. his departure.

Frank Higgins raised most 'of the On Janm.ry ninth, the body that needed money in his appeals to the had so often carried the pack over churches, and few men have ex- the long trails, was laid away at perienced a more hearty response. Rockford, Minnesota, but the spirit H i g gin s grew with his work, lives in the lives of men made better, broadened mentally and spiritually in the camp missionaries he inspired, with his ever-widening view of the and in the city dwellers who learned vision. Every success made him more through him a new message of lowly, and his constant prayer was brotherhood. The piney trail has led "make me more worthy, more useful." to the heavenly landing, and I doubt In November, 1913, Higgins frac- 110t the Divine Scribe entered beside tured his collarbone, but in spite of the name of the Lumberjacks' Sky discomfort he continued to address Pilot the sufficient word-Love!

Indian Peyote

BY MRS. DELAVAN L. PIERSON lf"TIHE efforts of St. Paul the red man. The blossom, when to rid the Corinthian dried and eaten, intoxicates to de- Church of the excres- lirium, and gives enchanting exag- cences of heathenism gerations of color, and of sound, and ~ which clung to their of time. It is popularly known as worship are being "mescaL" duplicated to-day by a brave company of men and women who are The early Franciscan fathers found fighting to save the American Indians the worship of the peyote so firmly from the degrading cult of Peyote entreflched in the religion of the worship, which has spread its blight Mexican Indians that, as a comfrom Mexico to Canada within the promise, they transferred its miraclelast fifteen years. working powers to a calendar saint- Santa Nina de Peyotes, and in the SAMPLES OF THE '''MESCAL BUTTONS'" village of Rosales there stands to-day a little wooden image of Saint Nina Natural size of the top of the cactus plants used in as she is said to have suddenly ap- peyote worship peared among the peyote plants on the hillside. Around her neck, as a Growing on the rocky ledges of sort of rosary, hangs a chain of the the hills in Central and Northern blossoms. Mexico is a diminutive cactus, known in Spanish as the Peyote, but called Altho no Indian rites center around by the Indians since prehistoric times that statue now, the pernicious mescal "the plant of Life," and' held sacred cult or peyote worship spread from by them as a special gift of God to that center to the Kiowas and Comanches of Southwestern United States. It has journeyed steadily northward, dropping off its pagan elements and clothing itself with Christian rites, until now it mas- querades as the special revelation of Christ for ,the red man, and the places of meeting are called "God's tent."

The Indians use a decoction of the plant for baptismal and communion services, and account it holy water for purification purposes. 'They give it in large doses as medicine for all ailments, and pour it into the ears of new-born infants. Many cases of im- becility, insanity, and suicide are directly traceable to its use. They affirm that it is a specific for tuber-

culosis and for certain loathsome plant is a great asset in the propagadiseases. tion of the "gospel of the bean."

It is argued by the Indians that The Indian'. Territory the eating of the "mescal. bean," or peyote, destroys the taste for liquor The following are verbatim ex- -and in a measure this seems to be tracts from documents sent to Washtrue. A peyote debauche is never ington by leaders of the Winnebago accompanied by acts of violence, so Indian Peyote Church: that it is, from the standpoint of the guardians of the law, the lesser evil. "We have adopted a form of wor- Many officials have strongly seconded ship in which we use the medicine petitions drawn up by the Indians, and have f,orwarded to our Govern- * generally referred to as the mescal ment in Washington personal requests that no legislation be con- but which is known to us as the sidered which would take from the "peyote." We feel that we are en- Indians "the peyote button, which titled to exercise one of those first they treasure more than their prop- and fundamental principles estaberty." lished in this country-the right to worship God in freedom and accord- This last statement, made by an ing to the dictates of our own conofficial in charge of the Kiowas and sciences. We prize this medicine as Comanche Indians, is, alas! only too highly as we do our farms, our true. A peyote-eater becomes an blankets, and our homes. . . . To idle, worthless member of society, us, this 'medicine' is a portion of loses all interest in improving his the body of Christ, even as the comgrant of -land, and will sacrifice any- munion bread is believed by other thing, however dear, to obtain the Christian denominations to be a porsacred bean. He defies all influences tion of Christ's body. We read in that tend to lift him out of this the Bible where Christ spoke of a degraded state. Comforter, who was to come. Long ago this Comforter came to the From the standpoint of the Chris- whites, but it never came to the Intian missionary, peyote-eating presents dians until it was sent by God in the more than a mere physiological form of this holy medicine. We problem. It is not alone a "dope" know whereof we speak. We have which the pure food laws should tasted of God, and our eyes have legislate into the class with morphine, been opened. It is utter folly for opium, and cocaine, it is a system of scientists to try and analyze God's worship inimical to Christianity. It body. No white man can understand has its roots deep in the historic it. It came from God. It is. a part past of the red race, and because of of God's body. God's Holy Spirit is this it makes the strongest kind of enveloped in it. It was given excluan appeal to the Indians. They hail sively to the Indians, and God never it as a revival of an ancient religion intended that white men should underaltogether their own, as against the stand _it. Our ranks are constantly white man's foreign religion, and the increasing in numbers. . . . It (this mysterious drugging power of the religion) will never cease nor falter *uYesca1," a Mexican term, meaning "booze."

AMERICAN' INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

till every Indian within the boun- one day: 'My friends, I am glad I daries of our great country has can be here and worship this medilearned the truth and knows God as cine with you, and we must organize God intends they shall know him." a new church and have it like the Mormon church.' Whenever they A description by eye-witnesses of pray in meeting, they put the bean the services held weekly in the on a white cross or a white napkin "mescal" meeting-house will help us on the ground, and they touch the to form a just idea of how much the bean first, and they touch their lips, Indians are being helped to "know and they hold up their hands, and God" by this method of direct com- they rub their breasts, and then pray munication through 'the mouth.

AMERICAN INDIANS AT MESCAL-WORSHIP IN A TENT AT WINNEBAGO, NEB. The mescal, or peyote, is in front of the man in the center Peyote worship seems to have at- to the peyote, and then to God. They tained its highest development among consecrate themselves to the peyote. the Winnebagoes, and the following They begin taking the medicme along description is given by an Indian at- about dark, and when they pass it tendant of that tribe: they ask you how many you want, and urge you to take more. The "The leader sits in the center of medicine doesn't work right away, but the circle and has twelve apostles, after it begins to take effect along six on each side of him, drest in toward midnight, they begin to cry white. Rattles, gourds, and drums and sing and pray, and stand and are beating time. They baptize you shake all over; and some of them with a tea made from the peyote. just sit and stare. One of the 'mescal Then you drink some of the tea and eaters' said: .'1 see Jesus' picture in they make signs on your forehead the bean tea.' The women have no with it, and then they take an eagle part in the mescal meetings, only to wing and fan you with it. I heard eat the beans. and they lie around an educated Indian say in meeting

the corners of the room like a lot of spiritual visions follow after. Several dOgs. They do very bad things, so leaders in the Indian work have taKen it is like they lose all their ashamed- the drug that they might know the effects, and that these effects might ness." be scientifically noted by physicians. A mission worker visited the serv- Effects of the Drug ice among the Poncas. "The meeting place," she writes, "was overcrowded The following experiences of Inand overheated with the large central dians are told in their own words:* altar which is kept constantly burning. ·1 found that the members were "After I ate peyote the first time composed of the educated young I was kind of afraid of it. It made Ponca men, who, tho long past the me feel kind of dizzy and my heart days of paint and feathers, were de- kind of thumping, and I felt like corated with them, and frequently crying. They told me this was bewore a Catholic rosary in their hair. cause of my sins. When I shut my The peyote was served by their leader, formerly assistant carpenter of the eyes it makes me nervous, because I Ponca· Agency. I was informed by members of the cult that out of the see things I don't see when my eyes bean, lying on the crescent-shaped are open. I was sick to my stomach, altar in the center of the tent, would and trembled all over. After I had emerge the body of our Savior, visible taken twelve beans I saw a mountain only to those who partook "Qf a suffi- with roads leading to the top, and cient number of beans to obtain this people drest in white going up these concession from Deity" To their wild roads, and I sawall sorts of colors songs and ~he incessant beating of the and arrows began to fly all· around tom-tom was added the deadly nar- me. I began to perspire freely, and cotic influence of the peyotes, as all to' hear voices just like they came eyes remained intently fixt upon the from all around the ceiling. After I altar. At times incense was thrown ate thirty-six of these peyote I got on the altar, and the fragrance wafted just like drunk, only more so, and I by the leader over the sacred bean. felt kind of good, but more good than A modern corruption of the historic when I drink whisky. I just felt peace-pipe was pa"ssed around in the as I could throw my arms out and form of a cigaret, and at midnight my arms left me and went off in the the communion cup–peyote tea-was air. And I felt I was all going to given. I sat between two educated pieces. Everybody that I saw looked Poncas, one ate fourteen beans, and so much larger. Whenever you eat stated that ne could eat forty. The these beans it makes you {eel more· limitation is reached when nature whatever you are thinking about, and rebels "and uncontrollable nausea sets so if anyone has passions it makes in. The' tc:int at this stage is dis- him feel more so. The lead~rs tell gusting in the extreme." as an argument, that if you belong "'This process is recognized as that to the society you can indulge yourof repentance, and'the casting out of self all you please. The treasurer of the sacred peyote society was sitting all sin from the body. The uplifting *From a" r~port to the vovernllJent gathered by the CommissIOner of Indian Affairs of the D… partment of the Interior.

INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

next to me, and I asked him if he lazy. We have our meetings Satur- heard young kittens. ,It sounded as day night, because we don't work on if they was right close to me, and Sundays. Many are getting blind then I sat still a long time. They say who use this medicine very much; that if you eat this bean, it will cure When I was eating it I just saw you from whisky drinking, and it flames shooting out from my eyes, makes you saving and a better worker. and I could not sleep or close my I know this is noLtrue. I have royes. One man ate seventy-five been to Sioux City with many of the beans, and it killed him, so they re- Mescal Society, and got drunk with 1 duced the dose to twenty or thirty.

them on whisky. I am sure that if I think I was killing myself, and my I had kept on taking the mescal I mind was going. The Government would have died, because I. nearly ought to stop this, because it is worse died as it was." than whisky."

Another Indian says, "I was sick, and I took six big beans of mescal An Agent'. Experiment to make me well. They told me to One of the agents of the Cheyenne think about the Spirit. After I took arid Arapahoe Agency, who experi- the medicine about three hours' I mented with the plant, says: "I do began to fed like I was going to be not believe that any person under dead. It feels like my blood would the influence of this drug could pos- stop running and my heart moves sibly commit murder, for crime seems very slow. When it nearly stops I absolutely foreign to the state of began to see things, and I see every- mind which exists. The thoughts are thing moving around me-snakes and rather along the line of brotherly love.

all kinds of animals, just like circus An incident occurred during the test.

pictures passing me, and many ani- My physician saw a young bird which mals I hever see before. I see pic- had fallen from a tree. He lifted it tures of the devil with red clothes up to replace it in a nest. This is and horns. After this I began to what he really meant to do, but it fe<:l good and happy, more so than seemed to me that he was undertaking when I am drunk on whisky. I ~as to bring about universal brotherhood happy all night, and I felt like in the' bird kingdom!"

laughing all the time. Something It was hoped that the young Gov- was laying on the floor in the corner ernment-educated Indians would re- of the room, and I was verymtich volt from such superstitious rites,and afraid of it;, but I feel very foolish, that peyote worship would die out and I know something was wrong with the old Indians, but it is not with' my head, because it was my doing so. The Government is not overshoes! When breakfast was sufficiently recognizing it as an evil, cooked' I was hungry, but could not and thousands of these peyote buttons eat because my mouth was all covered are coming unchallenged into our In- with, that stuff. It seemed like red dian schools, sent by the parents of fleas was walkirig' all' over me. 'I the children. School-hays run away rlever feel like I could do anythjng from school to attend mescal meet- when I eat mescal. It makes me' feel ings, ,:an~ always: return· mentally de-

ficient and incapable of study for These statistics were gathered several days. several years ago. To-day's figures would present a still more disturbing The younger men are attracted to comparison. its use, not only because of its pleasurable sensations, but because Many Christian Indian congregathey can rise to leadership as mescal tions are a sad sight resembling those prophets in these lodges and gain of the war zone. The aged and the prominence which, under the old re- children are there, but the youth who gime, was denied them. "Old, ignor- should be the present-day strength ant, full-blood Indians," says one who of the Church have been lured away knows, "will part with considerable by the peyote habit. sums of money and property just for the privilege of shaking the hand of The Indian'. Appeal the spiritual leader and receiving his blessing at one of these ceremonial In December, 19II, the Kickapoo meetings." Indians of Kansas 'sent to the Honor- able Commissioner of Indian Affairs A regular missionary propaganda, at Washington the following appealsimilar to that of the Mormon church, ing note: is carried on by the more established "peyote lodges." Attractive young "We most earnestly petition you to men are sent out by twos to visit help us keep out the peyote from our other reservations and encourage their people. We realize that it is bad for cult. In~ians to indulge in that stuff. It makes them indolent, keeps them At present nearly all the buttons from working their farms and taking come in from Mexico free of duty, care of their stock. It makes men and there is no restriction on their and women neglect their families. sale, unless we call the statutes We think it will be a great calamity enacted in Oklahoma in 1909 restric- for our people to begin to us~ the tive. There were no provisions made stuff. If the Government has any for the' enforcement of this law, and power to keep the, people from bringit is a dead letter. ing this stuff on Indian lands, we most earnestly petition you to send Two organizations, one Christian our superintendent instructions to and the other peyote-users, both com- take action against the introduction posed largely of the younger element of peyote on the Kickapoo reservaof the tribes, presented the following tion in 'Kansas. We urge you to telling statistics: take immediate action before the stuff gets hold of our people." Christ-worshippers Per cent. In the three years that have passed since the letter was sent to Washing- Self supporting …………….50 ton, the peyote habit has invaded the Partially self-supporting .•.••…. 33 Kickapoo Indian Reservation, brought Idle ….••..•………. ',' .2-3 of 1 by zealous Cheyenne and Arapahoe Non-able-bodied .•……….•.• 10 delegates from Oklahoma. To whose charge will the guilt be laid? And Peyote-worshippers when will we learn that the King's Per cent. business requireth haste?

Self supporting …………….21 Partially self-supporting .•.•.•.•4O Idle ..•…………………•.•10 Non-able~bodied '••.•…••••••••26

Test of Discipleship 'f

BY THE REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, D.D. Secretary of the Dome.tic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church mT HE story is told of a points of contact between our Master saintly professor of and the souls He is seeking, or whether theology who was met we may not become centers of inter- by one of his students ference? I am reminded of one clergy- and was asked this man of our own communion-I am abrupt question: "Doc- thankful to say he is not representative tor, do you believe in the Incarnation?" -who on being reminded that he and His reply was: "My dear fellow, the his little congregation had, through a Incarnation is taking place every day. space of five years, done nothing to ex- The Divine life is entering into human tend the Kingdom of God outside their relations and the living Christ is com- own borders, S'ent this brief response: ing to dwell in human bodies." Do you not see how this brought the idea down "My dear. Sir: I am very sorry that from the realm of dogmatic theology we can not help your work." and made it concrete as a matter of personal religious experience? Per- Do you not see where he had arhaps it did not categorically answer the rived? In spite of his sworn disciplequestion in the student's mind, but it ship, in spite of his acknowledged remust have answered the cry of his soul. sponsibility, he had come to think of Christ is seeking to be reincarnated in himself as concerned only with the welus. He asks us to become his human fare of a single congregation, while my feet to carry the message, his human work was to preach the Gospel in all hands to minister to his brethren, his the world, and he exprest a perfunchuman voice to tell the old, old story. tory regret that he could not assist me This is the test of discipleship. in it! It was very much as tho some county in England, on being asked to And what is a disciple? Surely, one send troops, should reply to Lord who follows a master and learns of Kitchener: "My dear Sir: Weare very him; ~ne who with listening ear and sorry that we can not help your war." eager heart strives to reproduce that But it isn't Kitchener's war, and if :;0, master's message for the world. That, it is doomed to failure from the start. I take it, is the attitude of us all, for I am speaking to those who are in the It isn't even the war of the men in closest way the sworn disciples of the trencheS'. If it is not England's Jesus Christ, and his interpreters to his war, it is worse than useless. I ask, brethren. therefore, do we realize" as a test of our discipleship, our responsibility for Weare indeed disciples, but wherein the entire enterprise? Let me say that do we find the test of discipleship? Let the criMcal place in the mission field is me mention briefly three things, which not in the mission field, but in the pews for our present l>urpose may constitute of our churches and in the hearts of such a test. our pastors. Our sense of responsi- bility is a real test of our discipleship. I. The first is responsibility. Do we not need to ask ourselves, 2. The second test is brotherhood. again and again,' whether we are really Slow as it has been in permeating the human race, the spirit of brotheI'- "From Men and Missions. Summary of address delivered at the Ministers' Convention in Rocbester, N. Y.

hood is the essence of Christ's religion. forever impossible, and the means Yet how perfunctorily and inadequately thereto is in the Gospel of Jesus Christ. this sense of brotherhood is sometimes Other devices have led only to bitter exprest. I confess to a sense of ex- disappointment. They have told us that asperation at the "good works" of some education would do away with war, and of our Christian congregations. They yet the nation which claims the great- talk about their Master's mission as est enlighte1'lment throws down the tho participation in if were a "work of battle-gage. They told us that com- supererogation," to which a special sort merce would do it; that civilization of reward should be attached. They wDuld dD it; that armaments would do conceive Df themselves as magnani- it. And all these theories 'were ex- mously dispensing spiritual riches tD ploded with the firing of the first gun. benighted and impDverished nations, About great armaments we ought never· and therefDre as entitled to plaudits to have been deceived. We were asked and resDlutions of gratitude. But the to believe that elaborate preparations spirit of brotherhood is the spirit of to commit wholesale murder were the sharing. Weare only decently honest best guaranty against murder I No I if we try to tell our brother of the brethren, there is only one peace in- great riches left for him in our Father's surance; it is in the hearts of men who will. To keep silence, while we our- have found their Christ, and been found selves enjoy the benefits, would be un~ of Him. And that power is strong thinkable for a true brother. 1£ we enough, if we can concentrate and· are to be real disciples we can not be- develop it, to influence the future of come blind allies of grace. We can no the world. This of all times is not the more stop to debate as to whether the yellow, or black or brown brother shall time to limit or intermit the world- hear about his Father's love for him, wide preaching of the Gospel of Peace.

than we can about the white brother. May I press upon you one closing Are we pressing this point of view thought? The tests of discipleship upon our congregations, or are we might easily be multiplied, but they are permitting them to continue, in a sort all alike in that they each present a .of spiritual snobbery to patronize the wonderful opportunity for us to know poor heathen so many times· a year? our Master. We miss our greatest joy and compensation if we have not looked 3. The third test of which I wish to into His heart of love and recognized speak is the "preparation of the Gospel His supreme passion. And what is that of Peace." passion? It is to bring al1 His Father's children home! Jesus would not have Since time began there has been no crossed the street of Jerusalem merely greater responsibility laid upon the am- to discuss theology with Nicodemus, but bassadors of Christ than that which He would come so far as from· the exists to-day. The Church faces her Throne of Glory to the Cross of Cal- greatest opportunity tD show herself vary to help Nicodemus understand Christian. We must, I believe, with all what His Father is like. our heart and strength try' tD create public opinion which shall make war 'Paganism values power as a means of exercising authority; Christianity .values power as a means of rendering service. Nor is this merely an ethical difference. Paganism reveres God because of His power and authority, and is a religion of fear. Christianity reveres· God because of His love and His freely offered service to His children, and is a religion of loyalty and hope.

A Bishop's Adventure In Mexico*

It is frequently very exciting, and sometimes expensive, to be an American bishop in Mexico, as illustrated by the following experience through which Bishop Aves and his family recently passed in GUadalajara, as told in a letter dated Christmas eve.

1.. O1· N December 17th, the beat him with their guns to make him night of Villa's entry tell where his master had his money (which was greeted hidden. They also deprived him of his blanket and shirt. . with great demonstra- I tried to reassure the family by . tions of rejoicing), at saying that they were "soldiers, who about 10 :30" as I was sitting alone reading-the other mem- had mistaken the house." But the light bers of the family having retired-I showed otherwise. They were bare- heard the chain on the front gate legged, wearing only breech-clouts, rattle and went to the door, turned on blankets, sombreros and sandals. When the light in the corridor and asked who the family and servants (and an Indian was there. The reply came "Please boy, who had come from the country come here." I thought it was the to attend our St. Andrew's 'School, and m030 (man-servant) from the next was passing the night with us) were door, where an old American lady was assembled, and the chief had become ill. assured that no other men were pres- I proceeded toward the gate, and ent he ordered his men to point their w):J.en within ten feet I saw some ten guns at my head while he said: or twelve men lined up with their "We must have from you at once rifles and pistols reaching through the ten thousand pesos, or we will take iron pickets of the fence. I was you and your son (Henry) with us "covered." "Soldiers," I thought, until it is paid."

"after some enemy, who have mistaken To this I replied, with a laugh the house." The leader demanded ad- (rather forced, it must have been), "I mISSIOn. I protested that I was an have no money for you. Weare American and had no one in hiding. Americans, as you may see by the "Open or we shoot I" was the answer. flag at the door. You have made a "I will get the key," I said, and mistake."

turned toward the house. "INe shall see," said the chief. "Show "No I No I Stand, or we will shoot. us the rooms. We must have your Call your mozo for the key." m~y. . . . "

I called Fidel, asleep at the rear of During the next naIf hour little the house. The calling awakened the Mary was with me. She played a family. splendid and useful P!lrt-comedy with When the gate was unlocked the a tragic setting. As soon as she joined leader took his position behind me with me I said to her (in English) : his pistol pointed over my right shoul- "We must play for time. Help will der and fifteen men followed to the come."

front door. Eight bandits entered the And we did. No key would readily house. Eight remained in the yard, fit tho they were grunting "Pronto, and a"s many more kept guard outside, prontol" Mary kept up a constant where they put Fidel on his knees and stream of talk (in Spanish). They -From The S{>irit of Missions (February).

demanded that she should show them is a bishop, you know-an American at once the safe (caja de fierre). bishop. See! Here is his cope, and this his chasuble, and this his mitre." "Oh yes, the safe! Come this way!" And she led them into the butler's "No, no, shut the box I We want pantry and showed them the ice-chest. money. Show us the safe 1" How greedily they pounced on it I And how the chunk of ice cooled their "Come this way, Captain." She ardor with its disappointment! tripped ahead into her own room, turned up the light and called out, "No, no, dinero puro I Dinero solo I "This is my room, Captain. Come in." Pronto !" (We filed in-past the safe.) Next she led them into the store- "Don't you think this is a pretty room, with its score of locked closets room, Captain? This is where I keep and drawers, which we proceeded (very my little jewelry. No, Captain, that sl~wly) to unlock. bracelet is not solid gold; but take it for your little girl. You have a little "You see, Captain, here is sugaT girl, Captain ? Yes, that little watch is only. And here is only flour. And gold; take it. YeS', that little watch is here-is-coffee," etc. silver. It will not run-but take it; it may please your little girl. No, there "N0, no, money! Only money!" is not money in that purse, I am sorry ~'Oh, yes I Well, we will now go to -oh, yes, fifty cents! No, the purse this next room." And we all filed is not silver, but your wife might like into the kitchen. it; take it," etc., etc. At this their patience, I felt, was Ilearly broken. Poking me with a The five men helped themselves to pistol in the back of the neck and everything that looked good, even to using some hard words, they followed clothing. Then they took Mary aside, us into Mrs. Aves' room. She had keeping me away with a pistol at my preceded us from another room under head, and with four pistols at her guard, and we found her trying to face and breast whispered to her. I divide equally between her two escorts soon heard her say, $71.00 in U. S. bills. Then Henry came under guard and found for them "No Captain, you shall not take away his Christmas savings of $50.00 in my mother! I am an American; I do Mexican. Then in answer to Mrs. not lie. Captain, have you a mother? Aves' pleadings to give them all I had And would you like to have your I produced from my pocket-book mother carried off? No! My father seventy-five dollars-Mexican. This only and my brother and I will die, die for whetted their greed. her." (You may imagine the despera- I warned Mary to keep them away tion of my helpless rage.) from the safe in which was a little jewelry, several hundred pesos and Just then a low whistle sounded outsome American money. It was kept side and the chief said "Vamonos I" in a clothes press between her room We filed out into the parlor. Mrs. Aves and mine. And she did. After con- was sitting where they had placed her ducting them into the bathroom she led ( with Henry near) and her guard the way to my bedroom. (who had shot himself) standing in. "This, Captain, is my father's room. his pool of blood. With the warning Here (opening bureau drawers) is 110t to leave the house until morning, where he keeps his clothes. (And they stole away. they took nearly all.) And in this big chest he keeps his vestments. He Fidel came in nearly naked and very cold. He said there were twenty-five besides others surrounding the house.

TO KEEP OUT OF DEBT

In a very few minutes, with the help have a little and (here he reached in .of a ladder (the bandits had IDcked his bosDm and drew out a clDth which the gate and taken the key) and the he unknotted, revealing a few small Indain bDY, we had warned the neigh- silver cDins) it is YDurs. And I will bDrs. Our material IDSS, including pray to God my thankS' that YDur lives three gold watches, jewelry, silver- are all spared." Of course I tDok it I ware, clothing and mDney, was not as SD beautiful an act wDuld not be great as it might have been, and YDU marred and so fine a spirit wDunded may be sure we are thankful the affair by a refusal. He had walked from waS' nDt more tragical. home-thirty miles-tD save that money, I must tell YDU .of a pretty little and he walked back feeling richer sequel. When the family was abDut than he came. I, tOD, am richer in to retire the Indian boy said tD me heart, with the feeling that not a few aside: "Now, by dear bishop, you have of these Indians are good and 'true and nD mDre mDney. YDU are pDDr. I' Christlike, and that all can be redeemed.

How to Keep Out of Debt AN IMAGINARY CONVERSATION IN THE BOARD ROOMS· [JTJ HE Traveled Layman entered the office of the Secretary and, began at once. "Suppose, .of course, you're greatly delighted at raising those debts!" "Yes, indeed, it takes a burden .off and makes better work pDssible." "Well, you're going tD plunge right into another debt, aren't you?" "I hope nDt; but of this year's incDme we can't be sure till the books are closed."

"Well, I came in to say that if there is another debt I am going to draw out. This isn't business, and I wDn't stand for it."

"Quite SD. I feel that way myself. In fact, I have SDme prDposals ready tD make to the Board in connectiDn with the next budget that will gD far tD CDrrect matters and make debt unlikely."

"Glad tD hear that. That sounds new and businesslike. But how are YDU going to dD it ? You can't make the people give more than they want tD."

"ND; that is nDt the idea. We must not ask them to give so much. In other wDrds, we must cut down .our budget."

"That's right. Now YDu're getting at it. The budget has been swelled abDve the giving capacity."

"YDU don't believe that, dD you? You mean beyond the willingness tD give."

"We won't quarrel about terms-the result is the same. We are spend- ing mDre than we can get."

"And my prDposal is that, since we must cut dDwn sDmewhere, and we have already pared the missionaries down to the discouraging and distressing point, we simply begin tD retrench by dropping our missiDns in India."

"India! Why, you don't mean the Teluga Mission, the 'Lone Star' field where they baptized 3,000 in a day-where Clough was?"

*From Mtssio…, February. 1915.

"Yes; that is South India." "Well, I can tell you the denomination wouldn't stand that, not for a minute. Why, that is preposterous." "Very well, I'll change the proposition. If you think it wiser, I'll propose that we get out of Japan." "Japan!" in a high voice; "at this time) when we've got to do all we can to keep on friendly terms or find ourselves run out entirely in our trade. Why, of course we can't leave Japan now. We might as well declare war at once, for the missionaries have saved the day for us so far." "That's true; but what can we do? I have no particular choice, and I'll make it China, then." "Are you crazy, man? China! Why, I was there myself and saw how the doors ate all· open to our missionaries, when they are shut to other folks. China is the biggest missionary field in the world to-day, and we ought to have ten tit):les the force we now have there. Don't talk about China, unless you want to take men from somewhere else and put them in there." "That's the way I used to talk, until you and the others like you said so much about running into debt that I saw it was no use, and we must do in- stead of talk. We haven't a mission that isn't undermanned at·present, and we are working our missionaries to death and denying them aid and the tools needed to work with. I have come to see that it is criminal to let things go on in this way, and that we might far better lop off a whole country and put the balance of our work in proper shape, and keep out of debt. So I don't see but it must be one field or another, and you can take your choice." "I won't make any choice. The Baptists wouldn't listen to any of these proposals. Just go up to the Convention with a proposal to drop China and see what would happen." "I know very well; and I know, too, that debate, however impassioned, and resolutions, however strong, will neither raise the money from the chutches nor sustain the missions. It is time the Convention and the denomination faced this matter with something besides resolutions. The Board is helpless; it can not make appropriations out of fine sentiments or even indignant protests. What can you suggest ? We mustn't go into debt, you say, and we mustn't reduce the appropriations-what on earth can we do?" "I hadn't seen the thing in just this light, I confess. Debts won't do, I'm as sure of that as ever, because they wear out the people's patience and get ,on the nerves. But it won't do to talk about cutting off any of our missions either, because the people won't stand that. As a business man, and I hope one of some sense, I can see only onc way out-I rather think we've got to hustle around and raise more money. I'll do my share, Mr. Secretary. And, say, don't put in that proposition just yet. Let's put it up to the Convention, and see if we can't organize a League of Individual Underwriters-five hUQdred or more of our laymen-who will help present this matter in a business way to the churches, and then stand back of the Board and see that there is no debt." "I think that if you could bring that about, the churches would rally to it,' and we could put the extra men in China, and begin to carryon our mission work as tho we realized that it was God's work and the noblest enterprise He has committed to us."

READER, WHAT SAY you? Olf . . . .~.~•. . . . r) i BEST METHODS ', . …'!!/."

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK OBJECT TALKS AND EXERCISES FOR MISSIONARY RALLIES CHENECTADY has– Dollars for Self and Cents for Christ Three boys were on their way home . been trying some of the from Sunday-school one Sunday. Their S plans outlined in the names were Philip, Thomas, and James. A missionary from Afnca had just been , Best Methods Depart- telling them some wonderful stories about his work in the great Dark Con- ~ ment. One of these was tinent that Livingstone explored. He a May Missionary Rally had been very much in earr.est, for his heart was overflowing with love for the of all the Sunday-schools of Schenec- poor black creatures he was trying to teach about Christ. As he told 0'£ the tady and vicinity modeled after the wretched, degraded men who have no hope, either in this life or the life to Children's Rally at Harrisburg, Pa.'" It come, and of the downtrodden women ao.d helpless little children, the sympawas held under the auspices of the Mis·· thies of the toys had been deeply stirred.. They went away with a solemn feeling sionary Department of the Schenectady in their hearts. He had asked them to help, and they wanted to do it. Ori the County Sunday-school .Association, amI way home they talked of what they could do. was such a success that it is to be held "I always give to missions and every- thing else," said Phil. "I give something regularly in May of each year. every Sunday, don't you?" "No," said Tom, "but I give five or The program consisted of stories and ten cents when I think I can spare it- when I have a good deal of money and missionary hymns sung from memory don't want it for something special." "I give whatever father and mother by ·the children. It was printed in full give me for it," said Jim. "Sometimes it's more and sometimes it's less." in The Empire State Sunday-school "I always give my own money," .said Phil. "1 don't think it's any giving at Leader in July, and the title of one story all unless you do that." "That's the best way, I'm sure," said ("Dollars for, Self and Cents for Tom, soberly. "They say it's regular giving that counts, don't they?" Christ") made such an impression that "It means that what you give is just S'O much out of what you would like to requests for it have come from such dis- tant points as Nova Scotia and Texas.

As it appeared in The Indian Witness more than thirty years ago, and is now inaccesslble, we reprint it here, with some changes to bring it up to date.

The Best Methods Editor, who told it at the Rally, has used it many times.

To make it more effective, the items of expenditure should be written in a little account book, which the children will examine with eager interest at the close. As given here, it is a story for boys; but by changing the names and the expense items it can be made equal- ly effective for girls or young women.

The story should be told, not read.

·See'REVIEW for February, 1914. spend on yourself, doesn't it?" asked "Oh, stop, Uncle George; that isn't it 1 Jim, thoughtiully. That's when I was at Grandfather's, last summer, and I promised mother I would "Yes," said Phil, feeling very self- put down every cent I spent. She gave . denying and virtuous, "it does." me $5.00 for expenses, and wanted me to treat the boys." "I believe I'll try your ,way," said Tom. "And I'll keep an account, and see how But Uncle George did not seem to hear much it amounts to." and went on: The missionary had suggested that the August 8th: Baseball cap, 50 cents. Sunday-school children form little 5'0- August 10th: Chewing gum, 5 cents; cara- cieties to study and pray about missions mels, 20 cents.. and raise money. So the next afternoon August 12th: Shoe m~nded, 40 cents. several boys came to Phil's house to talk August 13th: Bananas, 25 cents. it all over. They decided to organize a August 14th; Missions, 5 cents; church, society, and Phil brought down his ac- 3 cents– count-book to take the names. [The story-teller here produces a small ac- "Please, Uncle, let me have it." count-book and lays it on the table.] A preamble in which there occurred many August 15th; Strawberry sundaes (for high-sounding words setting forth their the boys), 50 cents. resolves and intentions was composed and written in the book, and underneath August 16th:' Necktie, 25 cents. the boys sigped their names as charter- August 17th: Doughnuts, 15 cents. members of the society. That evening Augttst 18th: Ice cream soda, 10 cents. Phil's Uncle George came in after tea August 19th; Popcorn,S cents. and found the account-book lying on the August 20th; l'1eanuts, 10 cents; phos- table. phate, 5 cents; marbles, 5 cents. August 21st: Church, 2 cents; Sunday- "What's this, Phil?" he asked, pick- school, 1 cent. ing it up and turning the pages [the August 22nd: Jack knife, 50 cents. story-teller does likewise]. "I'm glad you don't forget your benev- "That's my account-book, Uncle. I olences, Phil," said his uncle giving up brought it down this afternoon to take the book at last with a suspicion of a the names of the boys and draw up reso- smile. lutions for cur missionary society." Phil was covered with shame and con- "May I read it? It isn't a secret so- fusion. He had not thought much ciety, is it?" about his expenditures, tho he had kept his promise to his mother to keep an ac- "Oh, no. You may read it.. I am count of the money with which she kept simply trying to work up the idea of him so liberally supplied. Now, in look- liberal giving to missions among the ing over the hasty entries [story-teller boys." looks over the pages], he was astonished.

"A most excellent idea," said his uncle, "Well, well!" he exclaimed, as he add-· trying to conceal his aqlUsement at Phil's ed up the items. "Most of it for my- rather pompous tone. "Let me see." self: $4.25 for eating and play and 17 [Story-teller reads from the account- cents given away. And I bragging to book.] the boys about giving regularly and sys- tematically I" August Srd; Ice cream soda, 10 cents; ball game, 25 cents; peanuts, 25 cents. Phil was a conscientious boy, and he could not help thinking how much this August 4th; Baseball bat, 35 cents. money would have done for missions. If August 6th; Candy, 15 cents. his mother had aimed to teach him a August 7th: Church, 4 cents; Sunday- lesson through his account-book, she had school, 2 cents–

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

succeeded. Presently he got up and journed to the lawn, where an exercise stood before the glass. was given by eleven children-ten girls "Now, my young man," he said, shaking his fist at the boyish face he saw representing the ten republics of South there [the story-teller does likewise], "this must stop. You know very well America and one boy representing the that a quarter for peanuts looks as small as a pin's head, and a quarter for giving Indians. The children were grouped at looks as big as a cart-wheel! It's gQt to stop, sir I This book isn't going to show the head of the map in a little clump any more accounts of dollars for self and cents for the Lord Jesus Christ." of trees, and came forward one at a time to take their places on the country they represented, and give some infor- . •.. I matlOn concernmg It..

The girls were drest in white, and each carried something typical of the LAWN MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA AT UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

A LAWN MAP AT UNION COllEGE country. Each had also a broad band across the breast, cut .from inexpensive Another plan tried at Schenectady last cream-colored cambric, with the name of year was an exercise with a grass map the country stenciled in black. These similar to those made at Birmingham were held in place by two knots of col- ored crepe paper, one fastened on the * and Rushden, England. right shoulder, the other belo.w the waist on the left side. The colors used were It was done at a porch meeting on the principal ones in the flags of the South America, held last August by the different republics. Woman's Missionary Society of Union Presbyterian Church. at the residence of It was a pretty and profitable exercise the president, Mrs. "Varren C. Taylor, and the map, which did not wash away on Union College Campus. On the lawn for many weeks, attracted a great deal Professor Taylor had outlined in mar- of attention. Many stopt to. examine ble-dust, applied with a funnel, a great it-postmen, delivery boys, and workmap of South America, measuring about men as well as chance visitors. 24 to 30 feet. At the close of the' program on the porch the company ad- So far as known this is the first time a grass map has been used at a mission- ·Described in Tm: REVIBW in May, 1914.

ary meeting in America. It proved a large country we need a great many planweII worth importing. For' an in- more. Will you not send themr'

door meeting the same idea could be Bolivia [a smaner girl holding some- ousredt~pthee map being outlined with string thing made of silver]-"I am Bolivia. on a large rug or' marked in I live next door to Brazil (looking up with chalk on the bare floor. The ex- at her) and feel very small by her side.

ercise used was as follows: r, too, supply you with precious metals and rubber. But more precious still are The Ten Republics of South A.nerica* the many souls who live in my bounds Argentine [holding a toy she~p]-"I without Christ. Argentina and Brazil am Argentine. I keep you supplied with are more fortunate than 1. I have to sheep, wheat, hides, frozen meat and be mostfy content with flying visits from sugar for the table. I am rather flat missionaries and colporteurs from the and uninteresting compared with the Bible Society. They bring us Gospels other republics (waves her hands to- and Bibles, but fe~ of my people know ward them), but I have an inJeresting how to read. We need missionaries so city called Buenos Aires, where people badly. But they would have to travel of all nations and languages are living. .on horseS' and mules, for there are no There are a few missionaries at work nice roads for bicycles and motor cars.

and many boys and girls in that city, are My country is very hilly for the wonder- being taught about the Good Shepherd, ful Andine Mountains run through me."

but we need many more. You owe a Chili [holding a piece of nitrate of debt of gratitude to me. Will you not soda or a jar of salsoda]-"I am Chili.

do something for my people in return? But my climate is not chilly I I am all Souls are more preciOtts than sheep and squeezed up by the side of Argentina the Bread of Life than wheat that and they tease me about being 'two perisheth." thousand miles long and two inches Brazil [a large girl with a bag of 'wide.' I was looked upon as' a barren coffee]-"I am Brazil, the biggest re- country until some clever person dis- public in South America. If I opened covered that I am full of nitrates. I my mouth wide enough I could swallow have coal, too, and petroleum. So, tho the whole United States and still have I am long and narrow, I am very rich- room for more I And. the greater part ,richest of all in precious souls who of me is unexplored. If it were not for need the message o,{ the Cross."

me you would all go short of coffee for Colombia [holding a piece of raw breakfast. And think of me every time rubber or something made of ru1;>ber]- you crack a Brazil nut! I also supply "My name is Colombia. I,.' too, grow you with bananas and oranges and rubber in my territory. I wish I could rubber for your bicycle'and motor tires. grow missionaries ! We need them so I f my rubber trees could speak they very badly here. I am not so very small would tell you stories of cruelty by and I can't see why I am so neglected.

wicked white men that would make you The South American Missionary So- ·weep. I am also full of hidden treasure ciety has one good missionary here and such as gold and diamonds. In the cities there are a few sent by the American and towns my people speak Portuguese, Presbyterian Church. But we need but it is not difficult to learn. We have many, many more; Please send them about 200 missionaries. But in such a soon."

· 'Condensed and adapted from a complete pro· Ecuador [rather a small girl holding g,-am on South America, coml1lled hY' Katha'ine A. a Panama hat]-"l am Ecuador. I am Hodge and published by the Evangelical Union of sandwi,ched between CoIom1;>iit and Peru ·South Arnerict,· 8 and 9 Essex Street, Strand, Loridon, W.C., England. Price 3 pence.

OF BEST

and am rather small compared with tains of difficulty in the way of giving my sisters. Cocoa and ivory nuts the Gospel to me, but only obey the abound in me, and raw rubber. I am Lord and Light shall come to my very hot, for the equator runs through people."

me. But missionaries can come to me Venezuela [holding a cocoanutJ-"I without fear of sunstroke, for I can am Venezuela. My condition is much keep any number of them supplied with the same as my sister republics–neg- Panama hats I My people need the lected and forgotten. The beautiful Gospel, so send us missionaries and Orinoco flows through me. South do not mind the heat." America is full of rivers, the mighty Paraguay [holding a Mate cup and Amazon, the River Platte. But the tube or a small bowl and a glass tube] River of Salvation-where is' it? Alas, 1-"1 am Paraguay. Nobody hears it is not here, for there are no chan- much about me, but I am very inter- nels. Will you not send missionaries esting nevertheless. I supply the con- to be channels through which the River tinent with Mate, the native tea. We of God may flow to us?"

do not drink it out of cups and The Indian [holding a bow and saucers as you do, but draw it through arrow]-"I represent the Indians.

a bombi11a or tube. A few mission- There are hundres of tribes in the aries have been working among my interior. You will find us in every people for years, and there are bright republic-in the rubber forest, on the rays of light where they have been. banks of the Amazon, on the Andine But we need so many, many more." Mountains, in the Land of Fire at Peru [holding. a nugget of gold, or the foot of the continent. The great something that looks like itJ-"1 am Darwin thought one tribe of our dusky Peru. I am sure you must know brothers was the 'missing link,' but he something about me, for my history is afterward acknowledged his mistake.

so thrilling and romantic; Prescott's We, too, have souls that Jesus died to 'Conquest of Peru' is more exciting save. Hundreds of us have never than any English novel you can read. heard the Gospel, and no one can Let me tell you something my sister speak our many tongues. Some of us republics have not told you. We have are civilized, but most of us are wild an enemy. Can you guess her name? and savage. The great enemy of the It is Rome and she has worked tiS republics (waves his hands toward lots of harm. But we need not fear them) is our enemy too. Rome has her any longer, her power is broken. taken everything from us–our liberty, We have had a few missionaries but our homes, our children. What has now you have a great opportunity to she given us in return? Oppression send us many more. They will receive and slavery. We must toil on the a great welcome." farms and work in the mines. The Uruguay [a very small girl with a rubber-gatherers hunt for us as they model of a cow]-"I am Uruguay. I hunt for wild beastS'. Unless we bring am so small I am afraid you will not in enough rubber, we are .beaten, notice me at all. But you have heard starved, tortured, and then killed or of my port, Monte Video. It means, left to die in the forest. Our blood 'I see a mountain.' South America is cries to you from the riversides, the full of mountains, and Jesus said, 'If plains and the forests. Hundreds of.

thou shalt say to this mountain, be thou us pass away yearly into Christless removed and cast into the midst of the' graves. Is it nothing to you?"

sea, it shall be done.' There are moun- At the close the ten republics and

the Indian unite in singing "Rescue The talk to be given with the dolls ·the Perishing," or some other appro- is as follows: priate hymn. "I am going to tell you a story to- TEN LITTLE INDIANS· day about a boy named Jack, whose An Object Talk on Giving —-_ …

F or this exercise ten home – made Indian'

dolls and a mite-box, – – – – – …. ,, with a penny inside, will be necessary. To I tI make the dolls, take ten pennies with Indian I heads on them (if bright ones can not be :IJI~I~~~. had, scour some old ones) and glue them to strips of cardboard three – eighths of an inch wide and two inches long. (See fig- father gave him ten little Indians to ure 1.) These will do what he pleased with. Perhaps form the heads and necks of the Indians. you would like to see them. Here they For the bodies use clothespins-the are (open the box or basket containing patent kind with springs. Insert the cardboard strips in these with the penny and about a quarter of an inch of the cardboard protruding. The springs will hold them in position.

To make the dresses cut ten rect- angles, four inches by six, from brown wrapping paper and fold them through the middle crosswise. With the fold at the top draw on each the outline shown in figure 2. With the sheets still double cut on the dotted lines and make slashes to represent fringes, three-quarters of an inch deep for the sleeves and one inch for the bottom of the skirt. Slip the dresses over the heads of the dolls and tie in around the waist with red ribbon. To make the dolls stand up, glue the clothes-pins to circles of heavy cardboard one and a half inches in diameter. (See figure 3)· 'This little talk, given by the Best Methods the dolls and stand them on a table editor at Union Presbyterian Church last year on where all can see them). Can you see' Children's Day, is especially appropriate for this year when so many are studying about the North their faces? Each little Indian is on American Indians. The seed-thought came from a Iit.tle poem in "Missionary Gems for Juniors. H – B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

a copper cent! (If one little Indian is The eighth little Indian he traded off held close to the children they will for marbles (remove number 8). Then quickly discover the penny-head&). there were two. The marbles were fine ones, but they all ran away-rolled Jack was delighted to have so many down the register where no one could Indians to do just what he pleased get them.. with. He decided at once to make them buy things for him. So he took With the ninth little Indian Jack one into a store and exchanged him for bought a popcorn-ball (remove number a penny top (throw one Indian down 9). Then there was one. But the into a box or basket out of sight). popcorn went so fast, Jack wondered Then there were nine. It was great where he'd put it. fun spinning the top. But one day Jack lost the peg and the fun had to The tenth little Indian, the very last stop. of all, Jack put in his mite-box and there he kept it close (remove number He took the second little Indian to 10 and produce a mite-box with a a candy-shop and handed him over the penny inside). Jack could hear him counter for a lolly-pop (remove Indian dancing (shake the mite-box) and number 2). Then there were eight. making merry all alone. Then Jack The lolly-pop was good, very good began to wish he had the other nine indeed, but before Jack knew it was that he had spent. all eaten up. That is what Jack did with his The third little Indian he traded off little Indians. Do you think he was for jack-stones (remove number 3). a wise boy? The nine that he spent Then there were seven. The jack- for eating and playing did not do him stones were fine fun, but there was a very much good, did they? They are hole in Jack's pocket and one day he all gone and the things he bought with found them all mis·sing. them are gone too. What has he left? Just the one he gave to God. That is The fourth little Indian he invested always the way. The only things we in a penny whistle (remove number 4). really keep are the things we give Then there were six. The whistle away. They are laid up as treasure in made a jolly noise. But he blew it heaven, and when we go to God we in school one day. You know what will find them again. happened-the teacher took it away! That is one lesson the little Indians The fifth little Indian rolled down a can teach us. But there is another. crack (remove number 5). Then there Suppose we put them all up on the were five. Jack had been fooling with table again, those Jack used for him: this little Indian, tossing heads and self all together, the one he gave to tails. Suddenly, to Jack's dismay, the God by itself (put the Indians back little fellow ran away. on the table as suggested). How many did Jack spend on himself? Nine. With the sixth little Indian Jack How many did he give to God? One. bought a big fat doughnut (remove Look at those nine standing all tonumber 6). Then there were four. gether and then look at that poor lonely The doughnut was delicious, but it was one. It does not seem as tho he ha'd gone in half a minute. given a very large proportion, does it? Yet he gave one out of ten, and that The seventh little Indian went into is what God asks us to give. But a slot-machine to get a piece of gum many Christians think it entirely too (remove number 7). Then there were much. three. Jack chewed and chewed and chewed, but at last got tired and threw the gum away.

When anyone gives a tenth, we call "Of such is the kingdom of heaven," it tithing. I wish that now, while you Our Lord Jesus' Christ has said; are children, you would make it the rule of your life to tithe all you get. He wants not only the white ones, When anyone gives you ten cents, But the black, the brown and the red. first of all (not last of all, like Jack) put aside one penny for God. Then My story is first of our Northland, God will bless you. How do I know? Alaska's great mountains and vales, He says so in the Bible. Listen (take tip a Bible and read from it Malachi Where children are waiting in darkness 3 :10)-HBring ye all the tithes into the For the Light that never fails. storehouse, that there may be meat in my house, and prove me now herewith, Even tho you have never heard it, saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not There are little white people out West open you the windows of heaven and pour you out a blessing that there shall Who have never heard of our Jesus, not be room enough to receive it." And how in Him we are blest.

UNCLE SAM'S LITTLE CHILDREN Many little folks live in the mountains-:- Mountaineers, they are called, I am told; This little exercise, reprinted from They need all the help we can give them, The Sunday School Times (January They are out of the great Shepherd's 24, 1903), was' prepared by Amy Brain fold. Taylor, to show the scope of Home Missions.* In giving it select twelve I n the great big State of Utah, children and have each one learn one And some of the other States too, of the following verses. Stretch a wire across the platform and cut the There are thousands of Mormon children twelve initial letters from cardboard, That should learn to love Jesus like you. the colors rotating red, white and blue. At the top of each letter put a hook Such great, great numbers of foreigners to hang it by. Give the letters to the Have come to our land from abroad; children, and as they recite their verses let the reader hang the letters on the Neither they nor their little children wire ,so that when the exercise is com- Have heard very much about God. pleted the words, "Home Missions" will appear. Still others that live in our country Are the Indian children so strong;. Have you ever heard of the children That uncle Sam can claim, They are waiting to hear about Jesus, They have waited already too long, And how we are trying to'.tell them The story of Jesus' name? In the seas to the south of the homeland, Porto Rico and Cuba both lie; *The work in the Hawaiian Islands is largely under the care of the Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- There are thousands of little dark children, ciation, a local organization with headquarters at "Oh, send us the Gospel I" they cry. Honolulu, and the work in the Philippines is under the carE: of the Foreign Boards, and comes under Of all Uncle Sam's little people, the head of Foreign Missions. None more need the story that saves Than the bJack boys and' girls of the Southland, The children of those who were slaves.

Now down by the Mexican border, But still in the country we love, Are hundreds of Mexican children, Who know little of Jesus above.

So you see there are many to work for, And many to pray for as well.

We children must help to send workers The story of Jesus to tell, 'This war is irresistibly leading to the conclusion that the only civilization that will meet the requirements of this ,century and of the generations to follow is that which receives its sanction and guaranty from a Christian world federation for universal good order and protection.-lames L. Barton, D.D.

OF THE PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONAR'f' SOCIETIES OF ENGLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES

(Copyright, 1915, by the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD:) STATISTICS GATHERED BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CAN.

A number of the smaller societies have failed to answer our enquiries; others have rendered only partial reports. These statistics are, however, the most complete obtainable.-EDITOR.

FOREIGN MISSIONARIES NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER OF BAPTISMS PHYSICIANS NAME OF ORGANIZATION Foreign Countries in which Missions are Sustained (Abhreviated) .." and Number of Missions ·o~5 England $608,800 $51,008 168 17 3 150 109 456 57 807 864 1,320 78 1,113 571 25,170 2,250 427 17,793 21 525 968 16,876 26 29 104,331 Belgian and Portuguese Kongo, India, Ceylon, China, Jamaica, Eumpe.

Baptist Miss. Society (incl. Zenanna Mission) …. 1792 130,000 235 198 126 565 565 175 741 1,275 71,500 Belgian Kon!!"o, West Indies, Argentina, etc., India, China, Spain, Malaysia, Angola, Christian Missions in Many Lands …………… 1836 3,447 243,563 'Propagation Society (S. P. G.) ……………. 1701 N. RhodeSIa. Church Missionary Society………………… 1799 15 India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Africa, W. Indies, etc., Ceylon, Mauritius, China, South American Missionary Society ………..•• 1844 1,035,619 220,000 490 24 28 271 822 253 3,041 3,294 4,116 543 544 936 88,875 159,574 6,797 15,709 31,433 3,200 14 22 20 Japan Amertca. 'Jerusalem and the East. . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . • . . .. 1888 386 16,289 Universities Mission ….••………•…..•..•.. 1861 2,444,295 14,525 1 403 65 21 58 373 420 1,340 454 9,871 10,325 11,665 569 4,936 121,110 274,069 55,212 17,225 15,593 55,212 I 1,987 94,822 109 2,893 54 1,327,466 Africa, Egypt and Sudan, Palestine, Arabia, India. Zenana Missionary Society (Ch. of Eng.) ……. 1880 76,622 19 22 Friends Foreign Mission Association ..•……… 1868 25,082 18 4 35 i 98 16 16 114 16 24 12 4 Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine, Chili. Friends Pemba Industrial Mission. . . . . . . . . • . . . .. 1896 'Primitive Methodist. ……………………. " 1842 41,495 20,865 18 2 2 7' H 43 44 78 9 10 Palestine, Syria, Egypt, British E. Africa, Portuguese E. Africa. 'United Methodist ………………………… 1857 Wesleyan Methodist Miss. Society… . . . . . . . . . . .. 1813 244,394 51 29 71 153 24 625 649 802 29 402 14,190 10,321 19,822 1,371 8,275 4 200 On most stations. Nyassaland, German E. Africa, Zanzibar, Rhodesia. Presbyterian Church of England ….•……..•.. 1847 British and Foreign Bible Society …………… 1804 21 "British Syrian Mission ………………….. · 1860 China Inland Mission …………… ··········· 1865 300,730 .. ··1 18 •••• I 291 309 1,158 1,158 1,467 65 12 24 42 412,255 India, China, Ceylon and Singapore. Egypt General Mission ………….. ·······.··· 1897 'English Council, Y. M. C. A………………… 1890 145,203 15,552 3: 31 2 34 26 i 103 1,233 1,233 1,336 25 66 197 4,128 17,931 :1:300 233 10,008 17 1,618 i 116 5,581 tll •••• 21,480 India, Madagascar, China. 'Indian Christian Literature Society ……….•… 1858 'Kinku and Central Indian Hill Miss …………. 1890 1 ! 10 8 8 18 3 2 34 194 . . . . . . 1' 3 37 1! East Africa. Lebanon Hospital for Insane ………….. · … ·· 1900 London Missionary Society………………… 1795 10,901 5,368 2 …… North Africa Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ····· ….. 1881 'Regions Beyond Miss. Union ……………….. 1899 10,000 29 20 18 i 68 50 57 125 21 55 I 2,800 500 200 60 3,000 2 20 1,000 Western, Southern and Central China. Salvation Army ………………..••………. 1865 15,531 1 26 South Africa General Mission …………….. ,. 1889 54,045 I 10 304 5 1 325 129 3,598 55,000 China, Eastern and Western Africa, China, W. Indies, South and Central America. Sudan United Mission ……………….. ··· .. · 1904 22 6 6 35 5 59 29 629 658 717 346 236 1 387 16,688 603 109 10,411 136 6,531 Zenanna Bible and Med. Mission …….•..••. ··. 1852 74,973 i 15 Livingstone College………………. ···· …. · 1893 107,270 West Africa, South Africa, India, Ceylon, Burma. Y. M. C. A. (British) …………………….. 1891 847,600 1,202,805 358 18 : 122 813 359 3,969 4,328 5,141 302 1,400 1,700 133,680 181,196 6,372 2,085 118,330 24 4,414 27 5,840 10 184,782 China, Formosa, Japan, Bengal, Sweden and Denmark. Medical Missionary Ass'n ….••••…………… 1878 British and Foreign Sailors' Society…………. 1818 179,985 30,500 30 161, 4 36 127 52 457 509 636 15 334 149 12,900 9,402 30,000 639 918 49 3,000 10 384 199 4,607 i 15 The Strict Baptist Mission ..•….•.•……… ··· 1861 17 Nile Mission Press.••…….•…………•….. 1905 32 20 1,830 1,850 1,882 All countries excepting U. S. A., Norway. Moravian Missions …….•••.•.•..•• •·····•···· 1732 866,035 511,200 Syria.

30,992 7,513 20 20 87 87 107 8 27 23 801 2 119 40 3,339 2 227 1,006 322 7,712 475,271 12,569 U408 20 4 326 342, 1,100 17 2,555 2,572 3,672 721 30,710 :1:4,546 9 68 55,035 China, Japan. 6 7 350 19,339 4,773 8 4 21 35 33 33 68 8 39 205 3 ' 15,385 Egypt. 18,169 I 2 13 8' 21 ····1····1i 21 2 Egypt, British East Africa, India, Burma, Malaysia, China, Palestine. 197 104 60,202 2 1i 6 •••• i .~~~ I 17 1,630 27 898 •••• ! India. 12 2 6,572 India. 191 1! 1,172 46 Syria. 12,369 3,938 8 7 'i 8' 23 21 22 45 27 2,248 8 , 175 102 550 20 10 435 18 80 10 6,500 12,470 •••• i 3' 12 12 15 20 55 …. I 1,132,420 271,526 9 179 i 82 471 852 6,628 7,480 7,951 80,889 31p,882 1,900 86,071 2,230 102,827 50 315,899 Africa, Madagascar, West Indies, South Seas, Papua, China, India. 43,532 5,464 11 4 90,000 164 33 4 18 3: 75,700 13 25 39 65 12 12 77 100 80 North Africa. 65,552 11 69 2,113 549 13,993 I 82 2,000 9 49 60 60 109 10 188 3,150 9i Central Africa (Kongo), India, Portuguese East Africa. 54 3,186 22 •.•. 1 4' 35,120 South Africa, Dutch Indies, India and Ceylon.

51 947 955 6,149 6,149 7,104 1,059 30,958 231 •••• I 15 24 77 104, 104 181 20 Figures not availa ble. 11 20 I South Africa, South Central Africa, Portuguese East Africa.

13 Western Africa.

3 19 10 50 50 …. I 55,845 6 83 ····1 89 314 314 403 2 357 6 112,474 India.

108,250 Interdenominational Medical School, London.

10,000 ….

9 9 3 12 8 India, Malaya, British East Africa, Palestine.

17,500 Supports Medical Missionaries under various societies.

10,000 18 289 289 289 112 Work among sailors in many ports.

216,915 3 18,000 1,500 3 13 100 100 113 4 20 3 20 24 2,000 24 India.

7,700 4 39 39 43 Egypt.

9,608 ~ 2 … [ German East Africa, etc., Labrador, Alaska, West Indies, South Africa. All British Colonies. 129,397 155,566 142 2 44 166 12 367 48 2,122 2,170 2,537 156 187 35,238 61,274 5,238 660 3,793 1,535 189 25,375 9 256 440 36,198 Colonial Missionary Society……………….. 1836 27,910 6 230 200 120 557 557 180 500 "' ….. . About forty countries. Open Brethren ……………….. ······· …. · 141,435 Missionary Leaves Ass'n …………………… 1868 §162 162 162 Prints Tracts and papers. 10,538 Distributes Christian Literature.

Religious Tract Society……………………. 1799 97,905 Assists :Missions in the Levant. 20,000 Nyassaland. Bible Lands Missions Aid Society …. ' ………. 1854 16,965 101 >:~~~ I:::~ 8 Zambesi Industrial Mission ••.•…•…………. 1892 Argentine, Brazil, Peru. Evangelical Union of S. America. '.' .,'. '.' ….. , .. 1911 24,861 16 13 i 29 29 8 93 1,579 1,579 390 1,122 101 3,000 51 London Society for Promotmg Chrlsttamty Among 5,846 190 the Jews (L. J. S.) ……………. ··• …… · 1809 402,519 British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 70,000 1 3,500 2 24 21 62 16 16 78 19 10 6,536 Among the Jews ………….• ··············· 1842 248,617 1 23 11 64 42 "165 305 .. ··11 305 38 120 18 2,729! 2 ttJ,428 Holland, Morocco, Roumania, Russia, Syria, Austria, Ahyssinia, England, Egypt, Barbican Mission to the Jews ……………. ··· 1819 35,865 ' i Germany. Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel. ……….. 1893 :8 I;8 10 :~: 5 ' 34 ' 34 14 :::: 1 60 57,815 . . . . 'I I Seventeen Other English Societies ………….. . 3 15,376 England, Austria, Germany, Russia, Turkey. , Total ……….. ··························· . I …… i London. I Scotland 20,920 ·• .. 1 I I : : ! . . . . . . Church of Scotland For. Miss. Com………….. 1824 I …… I … . England, Germany, Hungary, Russia. Edinburgh Medical M. S…………………… 1841 'John F. Paton Fund ………….. ·········· … 1892 1 :· …. , ::: '. 4 …. I …. 1 1 •• .. 1 45 2,759 I … . Mission to Lepers in India and the East. ……… 1874 United Free Church …………….. · ………• 1900 20,000 I' 78 i 84 i 113 I 69 _._.._. I~ i__4 1[ 50 8 3,227 69,337 17,753 '29 6 10 37 5 591 ……

7 ',6 [[ 236 lOll !~ 1 …. …. 15 1 448,479142,966 36,122 109,044 1 8,309 2,462 [ 117,497 8,382 448,3281 246 281 2,793,100 $10,375,751 $2,707,414 2,416 1,901 12,227 i 9,392 1 2,180. 42,712 44,892 54,284 4,373114,553 6,286 569,945 695,938 26,926 39,203 1 i' 'I I II I I 31: 10 I 3 1,539 1,4341 4,548 233 6 2,013 4491 20,751 8 …. 1 131,826 India (6), Africa (2), China (1) 151,860 40,750! 19 40 15 118 211 1,149! 1,170 1.288, 28 8,494 4 I 29,890 ! …. / 'I! 7,790 I ••• 20 i 1 2 21 16,568 Syria, Palestine 2,019 115,567 i Melanesia. 41· . . . 2 4 10 I 10 1 10 2i In all foreign lands where leprosy is found. 16,000 …….. I 5 I 31 …. , 2 5 5 20 …. : 200 200 220 I 5! 38 45 551,000 West Indies, Arabia and Lebanon, India, China, Africa, New Hebrides. 142,340 45,170 i Reported under the missions to which missiona! ies employed belong. 1 86 4,346 613 48 839,592 600,935 223 1,358 120 I 44! 181 69 1661 133 550 70 1 4,6371 4,707 5,091 223 59,858 67,719 P,994 13 2,514 Continuation Com. of World's Miss. Conf…….. 1910 14,125 ".'" ; I ;l;I ;I " " " " ;;;I ' 180 202 11 453 10 1,152 2 3 27,276 Hungary and Turkey. Jewish Com. of U. F. Ch. of Scotland (Women's) 1841 40,280 22,180 13 1 . . . . ' 6 •.. ·1 28 19 19 ~ i_ _ 14 1,114 1 2 Jewish Miss. Ass'n) ……….•…………. ,I 1894 1,256,267 "''''' '"'1M " "'" ,,,,,, 2,190 9 Five Other Societies …………. ·············· ~ m I '" '.'" '.m '.'" '.'" 223 68,532 66,331 72,065 10,146 1,482 4,548 259 64,924 20 4,531 2,481 138,584 51 52 726,670 Total ……………. ······················ .

Ireland 184,570 23,950 341 5 –8' –7 ,32[ 23 :1 109 21 687 708 817 1 26 207 31 8,174 10,884 2,876 805 584 2,626 297 8,459 457 245 10,452 12 17 132,573 China (2), Hamburg (1), Damascus (I), Spain (I), India (3).

Presbyterian Church in Ireland …………….. , 1840 I51 …. I Presbyterian Church in Ireland Jewish Mission .. . 27,565 . . . . . . .. ! 4 I •••. 4I 59 2 3 200 6 543 391 Hamburg and Damascus.

Qua Iboe Mission (Q. I. M.) ……………….. 1887 19,810 15,385 I 1 13 I 4 I, 2 19 6 162 168 187 6 154 13 2,850 15,143 577 5,143 160 13,450 2 48 155 12,176 4 6 1 10,000 West Africa. Hibernian Bible Society ………………….. , 1806 12,185 244,130 , 1 I ____IPuhlishes Bibles for missionary purposes. Total ………………. ·.······ •……••••• -m 1—-z71 .. " …. I .. .. .. .. 1 •••• 1 …. 20 20 . ." I 20 39,335 —;s –5 8 7J 40 –2-5 869 896 1,024 34 361 44 11,024 10,884 18,019 1,382 584 7,769 460 22,109 9 505 406 23,171 17 23 142,964 =====: ===== ==== ======- ====== ====== ===== ======= Wales . 1 • 1 I …… 2 171 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist. ………………. 1840 86,023 12,900 19 3. …. . .. '1I 19 1 26 639 665 723 15 397 32,871 20,844 4,090 1,280 1,986 482 24,494 6 1,013 549 13,757 Assam, India, Brittany. 1,857 200 29,448 385 17 : 58 –i= ==i==1 West Indies "'.'" 1=== =~1~= ~i_·_·_ I~ =1==1==1= 90 128 lIO 43,000 266,478 :1:8,523 1 Jamaica Home and Foreign Miss. Society . . . . . . . . 1861 193 27,784 …. 1 90 387 .. 2,749 TOTALS FOR BRITISH SOCIETIES (1914). $12,111,446 $3,474,719 I 2,456 2,5051 2,732110,871 2,344 50,284152,628 63,274 a4,862 16,401 7,060 724,472 793,997 809,131 64,297140,174 123,218 9,710 543,494 2,498 123,931 12,011 651,624 317 373 3,662,734 TOTALS FOR 1912 ……………… , ….. . 9,889,012 $2,550,015 7,153 15,646 3,252 597,826 890,9051947,453 38,396 [ 34,4671 95,841 6,092 332,424 2,049 97,855 418 2,453 223 I 9813,20711,9461 2,496, 10,423 . 2,257 45,529)47,786 58,209 10,312 650,675 I 300 I I i I II II *Last year's statistics. UOrdained and laymen. "Including 109 school staff. §Including 120 children. iAdults and children. tHospitals and dispensaries. ttln·patients only. a Incomplete returns.

I DI

THE REVIEW AND THE BOARDS As a link connecting the Mission SOME five years ago the Foreign Boards represented in the Conference Missions· Conference of North with the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE America appointed a Committee to con- WORLD, it would seem very desirable sider the advisability of establishing a that some Committee should be con- new interdenominational mlsslOnary tinued. This Committee acting as an magazine. After considering all sides intermediary would serve the Magazine of the question this committee, of which in keeping the channels of information ~ev. Stanley White, D.D., is Chairman, open, and could serve the Boards in recommended to the Conference in 1914 conveying to the Magazine any sugges- that they be continued in order that tions which they might make. It would they might "cooperate, as far as seems also bring the Magazine before" the practical and best, in the plans and de- Annual Conference, and, in "a sense,"

velopment of the MISSIONARY REVIEW "enable it to act as the organ of the OF THE WORLD." This action recog- Conference. Therefore, your com- nized the service that the REVIEW has mittee would offer the following reso- rendered and is rendering to the mis- lutions to be sent to the Business Com- sionary cause and exprest a readiness mittee for consideration: to cooperate in a brotherly. way without (1) That the Committee as now organized obligation to either party. An Editorial be discontinued.

Council had already been selected by (2) That a Committee of five be appointed, the REvlEW, composed of representa- as far as possible from those who tives of various Home and Foreign could be accessible to the office of Boards and Interdenominational socie- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ties. This council has met quarterly WORLD, whose duty it should be to and has tendered efficient service-as serve as a medium of communication improvements in the REVIEW indicate. between THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF The Missionary Magazine Committee THE WORLD and the Boards. That the members of this Committee should be has also made valuable suggestions, and members of the Editorial Council of has brought the REVIEW into closer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE touch with the work of the various WORLD. Boards and the constituencies that they represent. (3) That this Committee should also, as Now a further step toward coopera- far as occasion may arise, represent" tion has been taken. The Mllgazine Committee of the Foreign Missions the Conference in any further devel- Boards presented their report at the recent annual Conference in Garden opments for more effective magazine literature. – (4) That the Conference express its ap- preciation of the service which THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD City and, after reviewing the work of has rendered and is rendering to -the the past year, offered the following missionary cause.

. resolutions.; which were most heartily The Committee has been duly ap- . adopted by a rising vote. pointed to consist of Dr. Stanley

White, of the Presbyterian Board a spiritual power to advance the cause of Foreign Missions, Dr. ·F. P. Haggard, of Christ. They serve without re- of the American Baptist Foreign Mission muneration, but not without sacrifice. Society, Dr. Hugh L. Burleson, of the We covet also the prayers of each of Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- our wide circle of readers. What ciety of the Protestant Episcopal might not the REVIEW accomplish if, Church, and Dr. George Heber Jones, in addition to its present assets, there Editorial Secretary of the Methodist were an endowment to set it free from Episcopal Board. These friends have financial limitations. been cordially welcomed as members of the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. BRITISH MISSIONARY STATISTICS Another step toward efficient co- T HERE is unusual interest in the sta- operation was taken when the Home tistics of the Protestant Missionary Missions Council, at its annual meet- Societies of the British Isles published in ing, January 13th, invited the editor to the accompanying table, prepared by Rev. address the conference and as a result S. B. Rohold of Toronto, with the cooper- appointed a subcommittee of the com- ation of the British secretaries. Th~se mittee on promotion to represent them statistics give the figures for 63 English with the REVIEW. Those named are societies, 12 Scotch organizations, 4 Mr. ]. Ernest McAfee, of the Presby- Irish, I Welsh, and I West Indian. They terian Board of Home Missions, Mr. show a total home income of $12,lil,- W. T. Demarest, of the Reformed 456. This, as compared with $9,889,000 Church in America, and Rev. H. F. reported for the year 1912, and $10,200,- Swartz, of the Congregational Home 000 reported by the Missionary Press Bu- Missionary Society. These have also reau of Great Britain for 1913. In 1904- , been invited to join the Editorial Coun- ten years ago-there was reported a home cil of the REVIEW, in order that they income of only $7,625,000. There has may help to keep before our readers the apparently been a steady increase in the needs and progress of the work in British gifts. North America. The total number of British mission- The editorial policy and basic prin- aries supported last year was 10,871, an ciples of the REVIEW remain unchanged, increase of 450 over two years ago, and but it is our hope that we may more 3,000 more than in 1904. ,The native adequately than ever present the needs workers have also increased in two years of the world for salvation through by about 5,000, and are 1,500 more than ] esus Christ our Lord, and the pro- ten years ago. This shows a healthy gress of His Gospel and Kingdom in growth to the work, and, as with the all lands. The World is our field- Continental societies, calls attention to God's field; all lands and peoples that some of the great problems introduced know not Christ claim our prayers, by the present war. The work of 100,- onr efforts and our sacrifices; the work 000 Christian workers receives a setback. of all agencies presenting Christ as Who can estimate the loss to the King- the divine Savior and Lord finds in dom of God by the recall or non~support the REVIEW a friend and advocate. of this large band of workers? There are reported 724,000 communicants con- The Editorial Council, which meets nected with the British mission fie1ds- next on March 4th, is now composed an increase of about 125,000 over two of. twenty leading men and women re- years ago, and more than 300,000 ov~r presenting United States, Canada and the number reported in 1904. The adults Great Britain. They are a praying added last year on confession of faith company, who seek to make the REVIEW

I9I SJ

numbered 64,297, nearly double those re- factorily established. Certain it is that ceived two years ago. God alone is capable of judging all the claims. Every Christian sorrows be- The largest of all the British mission cause of the hatred engendered and the societies is, of course, the Church Mis- suffering entailed; all interested in the sionary Society, which has an income of progress of the Kingdom of God see the two and a half million dollars, and a great damage done and the hindrances communicant membership of 121,000 thrown in the way of missionary work. (one-sixth of the total reported by Brit- All pray that the cause of God and huish societies). The Society for the Pro- manity may speedily triumph, as they pagation of the Gospel has an income of must ultimately prevail. one million dollars and a native member~ ship of nearly 89,000. The Wesleyan Exception has been taken by some Methodist Society stands next, with a Christian friends to the articles on the home income of $847,000, and a commu- war and its effect on German and British nicant membership of 133,000. The pe- missions. Each side seems to claim that culiar feature of this society is that they the other should not be given a hearing. report an income from the field of $1,- Irrespective of the justice of the respec- 202,000, which is larger by one third tive causes, it is only fair to allow .the than their income at home. Two years other side to state his case. Germans ago they reported a little over $1,000,000 have contended that they had no such from the field. The London Missionary opportunity in America and England. At Society has a home income of $1,132,000, our request both a German and a British and a communicant membership of 80,000 writer, of whose desire to manifest a Christians. Christian spirit there can be no doubt, were asked to write freely their view of It is sad to note the large number of the war and its relation to missionary these mission fields which are now dis- work of his own country. These papers turbed by the world war. In addition to were printed without comment and withthe inconvenience and suffering caused out either criticism or endorsement; they by the financial stringency and the in- speak for themselves. "The fire will try ability of missionaries to return to the every man's-and every nation's-wor-k, field or to take their needed furloughs, of what sort it is." Also each one shall there is a state of warfare in many of "stand before the judgment seat of the fieldS' such as Africa, Angola, Kongo, Christ." the Kamerun country, South Africa, German East Africa, British Central Af- A SUFFICIENT SAVIOR rica, and all of the Turkish possessions. The British missionaries have been re- ONE of the questions raised by the called from Falestine, and those who re- war between nominally Christian main are hampered in their work in Asia nations is: Has Christianity proved in- Minor, Constantinople, Arabia, and Per- sufficient to meet the needs and .test of sia. .such a crisis? Intelligent Christians and even many educated non-Christians know In our April number we plan to pub- that it is not Christianity that has failed, lish a table of the American missionary but men have failed to follow Christ's statistics, gathered by the Home Base ideals and teachings. Still, some who are Committee of the Foreign Missions Con- earnest enquirers after truth are perference. plexed or disgusted or dismayed, while others, who are weak in the faith,ques- BRITISH AND GERMAN CLAIMS tion the power of the Gospel to tnns- form mankind. A Japanese Christian in THE truth about the charges and Korea recently said to the Rev. Frederick . counter-charges that have arisen out of the present war may never be satis-

S. Curtis ;s'Surely a greater Savior than less, when men and women have be- Christ must yet be born into the world, come careless and selfish, and material- one who can not only teach peace and istic, the shock of war and the suffer- truth and love, but who can prevent such ing involved may act like a chastening an outrageous war as that which is now rod. Already the war has sobered men devastating Europe." in America and Europe, and the final What reply shall we give? Can it be result of the conflict may be a sanctified true that Christianity is doomed to fail Church and a purified State. Sir Wil- _ of the realization of Christ's ideals even liam Robertson Nicoll stated what, in among those who profess to believe in his opinion, are some of the uses of them? The answer given by Mr. Curtis war, in a recent address at a meeting solves the riddle. "Christ and the sal- for intercession; vation offered by Him i.r sufficient for all (I) War develops the spirit of sacri- who will accept and follow Him, but it is fice. It emphasizes the things that true that a greater day is yet to dawn, count and indicates how easy it is to not in the coming of another Savior, but forget common mercies.

in the return of Jesus Christ Himself to (2) War teaches the nobility of reign in greater power and glory. Then courage, a virtue which the ancients His Kingdom will truly come and will considered to be the root of all other extend throughout t)1e whole earth. Then virtues.

all mankind will crown Him Lord of All. (3) War inculcates the power and "Every knee shall bow . . . and every comfort of prayer; many soldiers in the , tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord army realizing this for the first time.

to the glory of God the Father." (Philip- (4) War inspires the hope that soon pians 2 ;10, II, and 3 :20, 2I.) all war will end. There must always be "THE MAILED HAND AND THE conflicts until despotism is dethroned; it is, therefore, essential to look for- I NAILED HAND" ward to that time when God will usher N which power do you most pro- in permanent peace through Jesus Christ. foundly believe-physical force or sacrificial service? ' Which is your idea ACCEPTABLE SERVICE of a "Holy War"-that of the Moslem Present your bodies a living sacrifice, armies or the Christian missionary? Is holy, acceptable unto God, which is your ideal the mighty monarcli of the your reasonable service.-Rom. 12. I. mailed fist or the Christ pouring out Among the hundred words which His life blood for mankind on Calvary? stand most' prominent in the Bible this Is your program of sacrifice one repre- word, Service, is very conspicuous, and sented by that of others, or your own more so is the conception it represents. living sacrifice for others? The hand Here is the ultimate end toward which mailed with steel may win battles, but all else properly tends-the true goal of it will never win the world. The salvation and sanctification. No man hand nailed to the Cross may seem to lives to himself. He is saved that he ,betoken defeat, but it is the hand of the may be sanctified-conformed to the im- Lifted-up One-who will draw all men age of God's dear Son; but even such unto Himself. conformity reaches its highest result in helping others to a like destiny, and so BLESSINGS OF WAR all culminates in glory to God. How THE curse of murder, lust and hatred plain it is that those who are content to is so manifest in war that the be saved from ruin themselves, and do benefits of such conflict seem to be nothing to rescue others, are "blind insignificant In comparison. Neverthe- and can not see afar off."-A. T. P.

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MISSI' ADY NEWS AMERICA-NORTH and religious institutions. The two largest bequests were half a million The Statiatics of Last Year dollars each to the Teachers' College of Columbia University and the Na- THE foreign mission statistics of the tional Board of the Young Women's United States and Canada for the Christian Associations of the United calendar> year 1914 were announced at States. Other large bequests include the annual meeting of the foreign mis- $200,000 to the Young Women's Chrission conference in Garden City, Long tian Association of the City of New Island, January 14th. These statistics York; $25,000 to the State Charities were compiled under the direction of Aid Association; $25,000 to the Young Fred P. Haggard, D.D., chairman of Men's Christian Association of New the Home Base Committee of the con- York; $25,000 to the Travelers' Aid ference, and form a part of the report Society; $50,000 to the American Colof that committee to the conference on lege for Girls at Constantinople, Turthe outstanding features of the work key; $25,000 to the Northern Presbyof cultivating the home constituency on terian Board of Foreign Missions, and behalf of foreign missions. The total the same amount to the Northern income of American foreign mission Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. boards for recent years was: Trust funds of $15,000 each ultimately will go to the Working Girls' Vacation 1914 .•$17,168,611 1907 •• $ 9,548,633 Fund, Teachers' College of Columbia 1913.• 16,043,631 University, and the Presbyterian Board 1906.. 8,980,448 of Home Missions. Twenty-five thou- 1912 .• 17,317,366 1905.. 8,120,725 sand dollars were left to the World's 1911.. 12,290,005 1904. • 7,807,992 Student Christian Federation for the benefit of the women's department of 1910.• 11,908,671 1903.. 6,964,976 the organization. 1909.. 11,317,405 1902.. 6,727,903 Good Work of the Gideon. 1908.• 10,061,433 1901. • 6,228,173 T HE Gideons, the well-known aggres- Other interesting facts are revealed as sive order of Christian commercial travelers, have carried their campaign follows: $4,243,967 were contributed by for supplying hotel rooms with Bibles to a point where 160,000 rooms in high natives to the work being conducted by grade hotels have now been "Bibleized." They ,are increasing this number at American missionaries; there are 9,969 the rate of 5,000 rooms per month. In addition, many thousands of rooms have missionaries enrolled by the several been supplied through other agencies imitating the Gideons or by' proprietors organizations; 159,286 persons were who have taken the idea from them. The most extraordinary testimonies baptized during the year as compared with 121,8u the year before; 9,946 churches' are reported, a gain of 510; there are 606 colleges, theological semi- naries and training-schools and 12,969 other schools with a total attendance of 547,730. (See also page 163.) MLaree Giving for World.Betterment ISS GRACE HOADLEY DODGE, the Christian philanthropist who died recently in 'New York, left nearly a .million and a half dollars to public

come to the Gideon leaders of the good their own tale, and the conclusion is that their Bibles have accomplished. inevitable.. One man converted by this means has since been instrumental in the con- T A Tuakegee Prize WiDner version of fifty-five Italian laborers, HE first prize of $500 for the best thirty-five of whom he has brought essay on the subject, "What we into connection with the Church he Have Learned About Rum," was himself joined after becoming a Chris- awarded by Everybody's Magazine last tian.-The Continent. September to Isaac Fisher, a negro student at Tuskegee. He had some: lncreaeed Baptist Equipment 9,000 competitors. The incident is sig- nificant and encouraging from several SOUTHERN Baptists are celebrating points of view: That a popular mag·· . the Judson Centennial by raising azine should engage in this helpful $1,250,000 for foreign missions. This temperance education; that such a large money is not to be kept for endow- number of articles should have been ment, but is to be spent entirely upon contributed; that the arguments against equipment, $250,000 of it is to be used drink should be so decisive; and that a for general equipment, such as church representative of the negro race, so buildings, hospitals and missionaries' sadly afflicted with intemperance, should homes; $200,000 for publication houses have won the prize.-Congregationalisf. for the circulation of Bibles and Christian liter~ture; $800,000 for schools of Bible Station at Panama all grades, from the kindergarten to the college and theological seminary. THE American Bible Society is The $1,250,000 was apportioned to dif- making plans to have a Bible-disferent States, and the campaign began tributing station built on the Panama with enthusiasm. The sum of $800,000 Canal. Colonel Goethals has planned a had been secured in cash and pledges place for the Bible station at Balboa, by Christmas. The whole amount will at the Pacific end of the canal, and the be raised beyond doubt. This is an American Bible Society will distribule achievement worth while, especially in Bibles in 127 languages. Every sailer a year in which the chief crop of the who passes through the canal will· be South has failed of a market.-Watch- given a Bible free. man-Examiller. New Bishop of Cuba DR. Products of the Saloon SLEYSTER, of Wisconsin, who T HE first service in consecration of as the superintendent of an asylum a bishop to take place in the Cathfor the criminalIy insane has treated edral of St. John the Divine in New 1,800 patients, states in Everybody's York City occurred in January, when Magazine that from investigating the Archdeacon H. R. Hulse was made facts concerning 590 of the 1,800 men- bishop of the missionary district of tioned above he had discovered that Cuba. Bishop Guerry, of South Caro- 36.8 per cent. were the sons of drunken lina, preached the sermon, and said in fathers; 40.4 per cent. were addicted to conclusion: "Your aim should not be the use of alcohol before the age of to make the Cubans Anglo-Saxon or fifteen; 52.5 per cent. habitually drank American Christians, but to strive to to excess; 64.9 per cent. spent their build up within the people under your evenings in saloons, at cheap shows, care a type of Christianity which will or on the streets; and only 9.6 per cent. meet the needs and fulfil the aspirawere abstainers. These figures tell tions of the Cubans themselves, so that if the time should ever come when we can aid in establishing in that Island hnd throughout the great republics of

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Spanish America national and independ- sionaries and contributes $600,000 a ent churches, our Church's mission in Cuba may be but a step toward the year. Scandinavia has 700 missionrealization of that larger Federation of aries, the amount contributed is not the churches of Latin America which known. All the Continental societies under the Providence of God may in combined maintain about 2,500 missiontime become an accomplished fact."- aries and spend about $4,000,000 a year The Churchman. for their support. It will be easy to see what serious hardships the labor- I Reform. Needed in Haiti ers will be likely to be called upon to N Haiti prisoners are not fed, and endure as the war continues. are entirely dependent on the generosity of their friends while they are in M A Host Readinc the Bible jail. Women and children from the ORE than 10,000 soldiers on Saliscountry bring food to their husbands bury Plain alone have joilled the. and fathers who are thus confined. Pocket Testament League, agreeing to This is the case with all classes of carry a Testament with them and read prisoners in Haiti. If.a prisoner has a chapter daily. This is the outward no friends, he is, indeed, in a sad plight. and visible sign of what seems to be Sometimes he goes begging in charge a genuine revival, which is the outof the jailer. come of a short mission led by Mr. Charles M. Alexander. The rush to Under some or the more progressive join the League and obtain the handpresidents, the practise of the cruel some little khaki-bound Testaments has rites connected with the voodoo wor- been extraordinary. The behavior of ship has been forbidden and supprest, the troops in many of the tents has altho there is no doubt that they con- completely ch:j,nged. "When I came tinue to be practised in secret in the here, the tent was a hell upon earth," mountain recesses. Now, however, says one soldier. "Language was so there seems to be absolutely no re- dreadful and behavior so wretched straint in the practise of these de- that we could not get to sleep. When grading ceremonies; in fact, under one some of them came in we got up out or two of the recent presidents they of their way. Everyone has joined have been carried on in the palace itself. the Pocket Testament League, and now there are hymns and Bible readings." EUROPE Help Offered to English Societies The Effect on Minion. THE Episcopal Board of' Missions THE maintaining of their church has called the denomination to work at home is likely to be a larger service in the interest of worlddifficult matter among Christians in the wide missions during the war, and has nations at war. Still more will it ca1l especially suggested that some of the for self-sacrificing liberality to sustain missionary obligations of the English the mission work abroad. We read that Church societies for next year should Great Britain has 10,000 missionaries on be assumed. Certain dioceses haverethe foreign field and contributes $10,- sponded promptly to the' suggestion, 000,000 a year for their support. Ger- but the English societies have not as many has 1,200 missionaries and con- yet found any need for accepting the tributes about $2,600,000 a year. France proferred aid. has 120 missionaries and contributes about $150,000 a year. Holland has English churchmen are responsible, 130 missionaries and contributes $216,- through several missionary societies, 000 a year. Swit1:erland has 450 mis- for the administration of eleven ~s-

sionary dioceses in India, five in Japan, ror the battlefield equipped with Testa- seven in China, three others in Asia, ments and religious tracts. Further- twenty-two in Africa, twenty-three in more, the entire French popUlation Australia, seven in New Zealand and seems to be. feeling the need of a re- Melanesia, two in the Pacific ocean, vival in religion. Only recentI'y a ten in the Vest Indies and Central and South America, and in addition, French editor, heretofore an atheist 01 for the Jerusalem and Egyptian bishop- ri<;s with their work, and some con- the first rank, sent out a plea to his siderable aid to portions of the work people urging them to seek God. in Canada. The Canadian Church also maintains one diocese each in China Refugee Students in Europe and Japan. Some few of the dioceses in Australia and South Africa are T HE war has thrust upon the Chris- self-supporting and some aid to the tian Student movements in several adjacent missionary work is given by European countries grave problems and both of these; but the immediate re- great opportunities in the presence of sponsibilities of English churchmen in- large bodies of refugee students. In volve a budget of several million the London colleges alone there are at dollars annually.-Living Church. least two hundred Continental students, Belgians, Russians, and Russian and Spiritual Result. of the War Polish Jews, who had been studying in the Belgian universities. They are DDRING these dark days in Europe, lonely and very poor, and the British men's hearts are turning to God Student Movement is seeking funds, as never before. Dr. E. S. Count, and a man to work among them. Many superintendent of the Methodist mis- Dutch speaking and other Belgian stu- sion in Bulgaria, for example, writes: dents are in Holland this year, and the Dutch government has generously ar- "In times of peace and prosperity ranged for them to be quartered in one the people had but little regard for place, so that they may carryon their spiritual things. But trouble has caused studies under their own professors. them to feel more dependent upon the Almighty. Our Methodist congrega- Hundreds of foreign students from tions have been larger than ever before Eastern Europe have been in Switzer- in the history of the mission. Never land since the beginning of the war, has there been such success in our cut off from home and friends. The Bulgaria work as there is at this very World's Student Christian Federation, in hour. Revival services are being held conjunction with the University authori- in practically all the churches, and some ties, have been supplying these students of the very finest types of conversion in the Swiss cities with cheap meals. are taking place." Similar work is' being undertaken in Paris by the French Women's Students' In nearly all the messages which come Christian Association. In all these to Baptist headquarters here from countries the workers report that the France, in spite of the pictures of foreign students have never been so suffering, there is a note of faith and open to religious impression as they are fine optimism. The majority of the at this time. Baptist laymen, as well as the pastors, are in the army, but the religious meet- French Protestant Minion Work ings are well attended, both Protestant and Catholic giving eager heed to the MORE than eighty years ago, the . message. The soldiers are attending in Protestant churches of France, good numbers and many are leaving awakening from a period of spiritual lethargy, felt called upon to take some share in the evangelization of the

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heathen world. The outcome was the the books for fear that they would formation of the Paris Missionary So- steal them I Nominally Romanists, ciety, which commenced work in 1833, these students openly declare themby s'ending out three missionaries to selves atheists. The most Catholic of Basutoland. The society now supports nations has produced the most irremissions in the French colonies (Sene- ligious and godless students of Europe gal, Tahiti, Kongo, Madagascar, Mare In this atmosphere of unbelief and low and New Caledonia) and in British moral ideals the Y. M. C. A. has South Africa (Basutoland and Barotsi- started a Student Association. It has land). Basutoland has now a popu- less than fifty members, but these arc, lation of about 450,000 natives, of Mr. Babcock says, "as attractive a whom about I I per cent. are profes- body of young men as I have ever sing Christians, their spiritual' needs met. Most of them are Protestants." being ministered to largely by the Paris Society, the church-members MOSLEM LANDS numbering over 21,000. Conspicuotts success has attended the work of the A Wealthy Armenian Evangelist missionaries, and a strong native church, which already has a large BARON TARAYANTZ, a Baku measure of self-government, is being Armenian business man of wealth, built up. The native pastors number is giving his whole time to the work more than the European missionaries, of evangelization and is meeting with the figures being respectively nineteen great success among Russians and' and sixteen, and these are aided by a Armenians. Last year he held a rebody of 222 native evangelists and 473 markable three-weeks' series of meetnative teachers. The work done by ings in Teheran, Persia. "The effect the native helpers is largely self-sup- of his mission," says a reporter, "was porting, the church-members contribu- truly wonderful, and brought to light ting ever £4,000 annually, while the the deep stratum of age-old Chris:" educational work is almost entirely tianity in the Armenian heart, even supported by Government grants. the most callous and most worldly. When one considers that perhaps the The Case of Spanish Students bulk of these nominal Christians' had never before in their lives heard the MR. G. ]. BABCOCK, writing in the Scriptures preached, one is profoundly Student Warld on Spanish stu- grateful for the impression made' on dent life, describes the standards of the hearts of so many." honesty as painfully low in university circles. The professors owe their po- A Miuionaries and Mullah. sitions largely to political inflence, and MOSLEM friend told a Church take their work with so little serious- Missionary Society miSsionary in nes:; as to be almost invariably from Mesopotamia a very interesting story' fifteen to forty minutes late at classes. the other day. It was that 'his brother No rolls are kept. All students pass had been visiting Nejef-an old city the examinations, as it would injure a of Shiah Moslems, not very far from professor's reputation if they did not. Baghdad, from which a number of When attending a course of lectures patients come to the Church Missionat Madrid, Mr. Babcock asked what ary Society Hospital-and was one day use was made 'of the departmental conversing with some of the mullahs library, where he observed students about the English miSSIOnaries in w'ere never seen. The answer came Baghdad. The mullahs admitted that that students did not have access to they were undoubtedly" very good folk, who served mankind by good works in

the hospital and taught the people about the soldiers and hastened to head- God, while the mullahs themselves quarters, altho it was the busy s.eason were sinners, and did not serve man- of the .year and the animals were kind by good works. Nevertheless, in needed for the life of' the people, to the Day of Judgment, God would take complete the threshing of the grain the good works of the missionaries and its transportation to market."

and put them to· the credit of the ! From Mardin the report comes: Moslem mullahs, and He would take "Everything is in confusion, trade is the sins of the mullahs and put them utterly paralyzed, travel is impossible, upon the Christian missionaries. transportation is stopt, schools are Germany Converted to Islam? stript of their teachers, money has ceased to circulate, drafts can not be SOME curious details of the methods cashed, grain remains unthreshed and employed by Germans to impress unwinnowed for lack of animals and the Turkish army and win over public men to do the work; the labor market opinion in Syria are supplied by a mis- is closed, and hunger in the midst of sionary of the Evangelical and Medical plenty is already looking in at the Mission to Israel, and quoted in the door of thousands of homes whence newspapers. two, three, four and in so~e cases five To celebrate an alleged victory over of the bread-winners have been sum- the Russians in Transcaucasia a Turko- moned to the ranks. Our help is in German fete was recently organized at the Lord and in America."

Haifa, one of the principal features INDIA being a great possession in honor of Mohammed and the German Emperor. India and the Gospel For the benefit of the Arabs, some T HE religious situation was forcibly of whom appear to have accepted the described in The Call, issued in story readily enough, it has been dis- connection with the recent Day of covered that the Kaiser is a lineal Prayer for India. It was shown that, descendant of the Prophet's sister and while the deeper movements among the that he has undertaken to go on a educated classes and the student compilgrimage to Mecca when the war is munity give encouragement, vast multiover. That the German nation as a tudes of the people are little affected, whole has been converted to Islam is if at all, by the ·new forces at work, generally believed by the less educated and remain sunken in indifference, members of the native community. worldliness and superstition. The Call proceeded: L Mobilization in Turkey "The present crisis has led to a wise ETTERS from missionaries in and searching examination into mis- Turkey give graphic accounts of sionary' method and organization.

the hardships incident to mobilization. Changes are imminent, retrenchments One writes: "Not even in the great imperative. It may be that thus the war with Russia a generation ago Indian Church is to come more rapidly were so many men called to the colors than anticipated into her own posses- as are now drawn away from all pro- sion of authority, and her own work ductive occupations to camps in the of self-propagation. There is need that variolls localities. All men, Christians the ability and devotion of her mem- as well as Moslems, from' the ages of bers may be given more fully to India's 24 to 45 were called for at once, regeneration, and the number of her Wherever any horses or mules or voluntary workers largely increased."

camels were seen they were seized by In such circumstances the people of

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Bod have a continuing reason for Still, a Christian map of India to-day prayer in regard to India. would be a bewildering, piebald thing, showing much cross-coloring. In re- An Outcast, One of God's Noblemen cent years, however, there has grown up, especially in South India, a strong PRESIDENT JANVIER, of Ewing movement in the direction of ,closer College, Allahabad, writes of his approach and a better common undermeeting with Labbu Mal, who some standing. The Indian Christians themfifteen years ago was not only an selves have shown special and inignorant idolater, but an outcast, who creasing zeal in this matter, with the was brought to Christ in the United result that, after careful and unhurried Presbyterian mission in the Panjab, deliberations, several denominations and has been a mighty power in Sial- have come together, and now form kot in recent years. the South India United Church. A common confession of faith has been "Three things especially imprest me. adopted, and a fairly comprehensive There was nothing cringing or ob- and elastic Church organization has sequious in his bearing. He was cour- been agreed upon~" teous and deferential, but wholly selfpossest and manly. There was a fine A Ruler of Promise dignity about him, which showed that the spirit of Christ had made him free THE Maharaja Holkar of Indore not only from the law of sin and bids fair to become a ruler of death, but from that of hereditary ser- whom India may well be proud. He is vility and degradation. He imprest me twenty-four years of age, having atas one of God's noblemen. Then the tained to full sovereignty in his State language he used was not that of the three years ago. At the end of his first average preacher, but that of a thinker year Lord Hardinge visited the State, who had thought God's thoughts, and and on the occasion of a banquet in who was full of God's word. his honor the young ruler made a speech in which he said: "Ii is no" And once again I was imprest by the twelve months since I was investeu way that he went straight to the one with ruling powers; during this time I message which meets the need of sin- have devoted myself to getting a grasp ful men everywhere-the message of of the details of administration, and the cross of the Lord Jesus. I felt .have only been able to make a beginthat if the U. P. Church had never ning with a few important reforms, accomplished anything else in. India which, God willing, should produce than to find and call and equip Labbu beneficent results in time." The regu- Mal, the work would have been worth lation of the age of marriage for girls, while."-Tlw Continent. education, and the opening of public libraries in all the important centers; Agitation for Church Union the improvement of the capital of the State with a view to the prevention of A DEVELOPMENT full of import- plague, and also looking to increasing ance and well worth watching is the beauty and comfort of the city; taking place in India. The matter is the foundations of municipal governwell put for us as follows: "Christian ment under the guidance of British work in India was started, of course, officers, and experiments in the introin different sections of the country by duction of silk culture; these are the representatives of different Christian reforms desired by the Maharaja. The bodies. It was the only way at first, young ruler has fitted himself by study tho it has had to be progressively modified through the years by the good sense and good will of all concerned.

and travel for his difficult post-difficult SIAM if successfully filled.-Indian Witness. Bible Circulation in Siam Giving Two Thousand a Chance EV. ROBERT IRWIN writes from REV. C. H. BANDY writes from Fateh- R Bangkok: "The work of this garh: "We had a boarding-school agency during 1913 was carried on with such vigor and energy that all previous for Christian boys and one for Chris- records of distribution were greatly tian girls, and in nearly all the large exceeded. The net circulation for the centers we had a day school for Chris- year was 135,206 volumes, which makes tian children, but, in spite of all this, an actual increase of 36,650. The total there were yet 2,000 boys and girls of circulation since the establishment of school age who were not getting their the agency in 1890 amounts to 1,021,- chance. That is to say, there were 889. Mr. Irwin was assisted by thirty- 2,000 healthy, wide-awake Christia~ two persons in the work of distribuboys and girls living in small, out-of- tion, and the records show that 10,400 the-way villages, who, unless greater days were spent in the work, 700 vileffort were made to reach them, would lages were visited, and the distance never learn to read and write. This traveled was 20,000 miles. Mr. Irwin condition of things had grown up himself traveled 3,271 miles by steamer, around us so gradually, that we had railway, canoe, motor car, buggy, bulfailed to be imprest by it as we should, lock-cart, and horseback. Mrs. Irwin, till we returned from America last who has the distinction of being the fall. As a first step we set before our- only lady physician in Siam, accoms'eNes the task of creating within one panied her husband on a tour' of three year 500 readers o{ the New Testa- months, to the north, during which she ment. We began what we caIl the spent 31 days in the saddle, covered a "contract" system. Suffice it to say distance of 1,147 miles, and aided him that it is teaching boys and girls to greatly. by her medical work and general read by the job. We pay the teacher assistance. Her travel was without no salary, but pay for results. Four cost to the society. Most of the Scripannas, or eight cents, for teaching the tures circulated during the year were letters to the pupil. One anna, or two in the Siamese and Laos langJIages, cents, for teaching each lesson to the but many copies of God's Word were twentieth, and three pice, or one cent distributed in fifteen or twenty other and a half for each subsequent lesson languages." to the end of the book. At these rates, it costs $I.75 to take a boy. or girl Donation from Leper. from the raw, on to where they can read the Bible and hymn book for ONE of the most encouraging inthemselves. The scheme has worked stances of the year was a gift of wonderfully well. At this date, we have 172 boys and girls, none of whom the lepers at Chiengmai to the work of knew their letters in December, and the American Bible Society. Early in who now are reading the New Testa- the year they contributed 3,300 portions men1, and passing examination on what of the Scriptures for general distrithey have read each month. Besides bution, and later SeiJ.t two cash contrithese, we have an equal number who butions, amounting to over twenty-five are at the point of graduating' into rupees as their Christmas gift to the the New Testament. We examine these Society. The names of these wonderpupils each month ourselves. The ful Christians'-the lepers of Chiengmai motor car has made that possible. -should be written on the roll of princely givers, for their gifts repre- sent real sacrifice, and are striking

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evidence of their gratitude for the had made. Bordering the' sides' of the benefits of the Gospel of Christ. Their front were 3I silver stars overlaid own letter, dated February 9th, reads with gold. Engraved in Chinese charas follows: "We, the elders and mem- acters each one bore the name of one bers of the leper church of Chiengmai, of the 3I churches of this field, which disciples of the Lord Jesus, with one this veteran toiler had brought into mind and heart, have great gladriesS' in being and nourished into strength. sending our small offering to the American Bible Society. And we beg that Wanted: A Thousand Chineae T eachera . qUI' .gift of twenty-five rupees ($8.09) may be graciously received by you and To show what an opportunity there used for the distribution of the Holy is for educated Christian Chinese, Scriptures. To have a share in this Prof. Paul Monroe, of Columbia Unigood work will give us. very great versity Teachers College, said on rehappiness. (Signed) Elders Peang, turning from his visit to China that in Toon, Gnok." one province the Chinese Commissioner of Education exprest his willingness to CHINA employ a thousand Christian Chinese as teachers if he could only find them. A Sack Full of Idol. Our mission schools ought to be fur- nishing them. – But where are our MRS. McCLINTOCK, writes from schools that can do it? Nodoa: "Pastor Tang baptized over 50 adults this summer. Our new Two Candidate. for the Church chapel in' the Mandarin district proves fair to be a success. One of our col- MISS DELIA LEAVENS, of Tungporteurs came into the compound with chou, China, writes in a recent an old gunning sack full of idols. He letter: "Changes are coming, however, had not' only the idolS', but the bowls far more quickly than we dare to hope. which had held the ashes of their an- Only yesterday I was helping the Bible cestors, also, the shell with which the women examine. two candidates for adpriest had called the spirits, and some mission to the church. One was a of the false money which the heathen middle aged woman, who little more offer. to their ancestors and idols. The than a year ago was burning incense. Chinese worship deities whom they can to the kitchen god, but who has been deceive. No wonder they themselves much influenced by the teaching she deceive each other,and are deceived, has received,· and is trying her best to and ·live in an atmosphere of deceit all live a better life. One of the things the time. Another c6lporteur was walk- they said of her was that she has ing around our mission grounds with cleaned' up both herself and her house a lot of men following· him, and told to quite a marked degree since hearing me very eagerly that these were people the doctrine,. and that" she has ceased from the district where our chapel is." to use bad language to her neighbors. She is doing what she can, but she is DR.Fittin. Honor. to a Mi..ionary a lifetime behind the other candi~ate, J. E. WALKER, a missionar~ of not half her age. This was one of our the American Board, has recently school girls', who shows the effects of seven years of study. Not so very returned to the United States for a much education, it is true, and neither furlough, after a service of 42 years, culture nor edu~ation back of her,· yet mostly in the city of Shaowu. As he she seemed to me miles ahead of the was leaving, a pastor of one of the older woman, and I realized, as I have station-churches made him a present of not before, what our girls' schools will a white satin vest, which he himself mean to the next generation."

JAPAN-KOREA In the HOkkaidothe evangelistic meet- ings arranged for the autumn were put "TA Christian Message from America off, "on account of the war and other AKING stock" of the results of kindred reasons," but the Rev. W. P. missionary effort in Japan, the Buncombe, of Tokyo, writes: Rev. J. Waller (of the Missionary So- "It was thought at first that the out- break of war, in which Japan also was ciety of the Canadian Church), of involved, would have put a stop to the Nagano, in the diocese of Mid-Japan. plans of the three years' evangelistic writes: "Japan has become rapidly campaign, but, thank God, that has not Christian at heart, tho not yet in name. been the case, and the plans are being It is true that some other influences carried out with even more earnestthan that of the missionary have con- ness owing to the seriousness of tributed to the advance in Japan. the times. In Tokyo the great cam- Foreign literature and intercourse have paign itself is bdng planned for the in some degree assisted. But some, in spring of next year, but special work America and Europe, lay far too much as a commence~ent and preparation stress on the Christian and civilizing has been arranged for this autumn and effect of these non-missionary agencies. is now being carried out. The plan was Indeed, Japan would almost certainly prepared by a committee and presented have been far more Christian to-day at a large gathering of the pastors and had she known foreign lands onlv members of the church committees. through the missionary. For each Estimating that there were one hundred Christian book that the Japanese people, churches' and mission halls in this great as a whole, read, they take in at least city, they proposed that special evanten anti-Christian ones. Almost all gelistic meetings should be held in each foreign sailors, merchants, and travelers place for two nights, Saturday and who go to Japan are regarded by the Sunday, which sho1.!ld be well prepared Japanese as Christians, but many of for, and carefully followed up afterthem show little trace of Christ's spirit ward. It was decided to reach the and teaching, and are a stumbling-block whole city thus in the three autumn to the Japanese who studies Chris- months, by taking eight of the churches tianity. The Japanese who has dished in turn on the Saturdays and Sunldays, up to him every morning. the American so that every church and mission hall and European record of crime and dis- would have its turn within the thirteen honesty is apt to look askance at the weeks. The object to be kept in view Christian messenger who asks him to in these meetings was that of enadopt the religion which is supposed to deavoring to bring as many as possible reach its climax in places which his to a definite decision." newspaper portrays. as morally much worse than, Japan. So if the entire What Japanese Think of the War moral advance has not been, under God, due to the missionary, he may pROFESSOR W. E. HOFFSOMfairly claim to have been the instru- MER writes to the. Christian lntelment which has brought about the greater part of the advance." ligencer; "So far, as I have been able to see the effects of the war among Evangelistic Campaign in Progress the Christians ip Japan, there is noth- ing to worry about. They are an re- A UNITED three years' evangelistic adjusting their ideas of just what is Christianity and what are the ideas of enterprise was inaugurated in Japan Christ in regard to the questions that last spring, and prayer-meetings were held in various parts of the country.

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are burning issues to-day. And they established as there is need. The na- are judging, too, more closely, the mes- tives are being taught new trades.'

sengers of this religion. Tho~e of Lectures on agriculture, stock breeding, them who have caught the spirit of sericulture, fishing, mmmg and the Christianity and applied it to their per- trades are being given.

sonal lives are shaken only, and not Voluntary Korean Colporteur. upset. But it seems to me that the T question is a diffel ent one when we HE Presbyterian missionaries in Andong district, Korea, have tried come to speak of the non-Christian.

He looks at the living epistles, and for to impress upon the church-members the man in Japan who does not dis- that it is their business, and not that tinguish between different forms of of paid colporteurs only, to sell por- Christianity, it is a difficult problem to tions of the Scripture to unbelievers.

solve how these teachings of the Chris- Last year the six paid colporteurs sold tian religion and some of the practises some 7,000 portions, while the other agree." church-members sold 10,000. A novel Japan'. Work in Korea plan for stimulating effort was also tried in this district. Three banners THE Governor-General of Korea has were maXIe for each helper's circuit issued an elaborate illustrated (from three t6 twelve churches), one official report on progress and reform going to the church doing the most in this new Japanese province in 1912- preaching per capita, another to the 13. The report is in English. !twas church selling the most Gospels per compiled under the date of December, .capita, and the third to the church 1914, at Keijo, as Seoul is now known. gaining the most new believers per Its maps are many in number, and the capita. All might go to one church, or illustrations' in photogravure are a re- all might go to different churches. The markable feature of it. Korea was banners are held for one year, and then taken over by the Japanese for colo- will be iost if the church does not nization and political purposes. It is also for this year do the best in its already the receiving ground for circuit. Two churches sold over 2,000 throngs of Japanese. It is evident Gospels each, one church preached to from the report that the government- over 30,000 people, and another doubled general is paternal. That much is its' membership.-Assembly Herald. being done is manifest. The Koreans as a race are backward. The Japanese AFRICA are aggressive, and this quality is pic- tured in the administration of Korea. Egypt No Longer Turki.h T Judging from the comparative statistics HE Crescent comes down, the Cross is lifted. That is, Great Britain and photographs, railroads are being built where there were only trails, has established a protectorate over schools have been erected, police intro- Egypt, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Arthur duced and law enforced. A point is Henry McMahon has been appointed distinctly made that the government- His Majesty's High Commissioner, and general desires to be just to the Kor- Prince Hussein Kemal has been made eans. Old usages are followed in ad- Sultan. This is thought to be the first ministering justice. The temples of act in the dismemberment of the Turk- the Koreans are preserved and the ish Empire. For many years Turkey sacred compounds protected. Some 400 has been nominal sovereign in Egypt public schools are now subsidized by but Great Britain has been virtual the government. Hospitals. have been master. .When Turkey foolishly at-

tempted to incite its population to par- evangelical church. There is, further, ticipate in the present war, raising the a idistinct movement of reformation in appeal for another "Holy War," Great the ancient church of Egypt-an ad- Britain met the challenge by lowering vancing use of the Arabic colloquial in the Crescent at Cairo and lifting the place of the unintelligible Coptic, an Union Jack. And now let us hope, in increasing use of the Scriptures in the spite of the fact that the flag of Great services, more preaching and Bible ex- Britain is floating to the breeze where position, growth of schools for girls, men are engaged in a most unchris- and other work for women. The detian war, that the Cross will be magni- velopment of Sunday-schools in the fied for all the future in the land of Coptic churches is proposed as the the Pharaohs. The territory included most promising way of transforming it in the protectorate is about 6,000 square in an evangelical sense. There could miles and the population coming com- hardly be a more certain guaranty of" pletely under British dominion is about a Reformed Church of Egypt than a 6,000,000. widespread movement of this kind.

A Refonn in the ~optic Church A New Bible Tranalation BOUT six per cent. of the popu- lation of Egypt. or some 670,000 THE British and Foreign Bible Sopersons, we are told, belong to the ciety is publishing a tentative ver- Coptic Church. They constitute a distinct community, with their own schools, sion of St. Mark's Gospel in a new cemeteries and civil laws. While only African language: a form of Somali four per cent. of the Moslem popu- which is current in Italian Somaliland lation can read and write, more than and further south across the frontier ten per cent. of the Copts can do so. of British East Africa. St. Mark's The Copts in the cities are clever Gospel, which the Society is now mer-chants and the number of extremely printing, has recently been translated wealthy Coptic families has consider- into Somali by the Rev. P. Olsson, ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- who is a member of the Swedish Evantants are largely persons who have gelical National Society's mission at abandoned the Church of the Copts, Yonti, near Kismayu in British East but there is no such chasm between Africa. He has been helped in his Protestantism and Romanism. Protes- version by Somali natives, including tants feel a sense of historical relation- one named Daher bin Abdi, who has ship to the ancient church, desire its been educated in Sweden and in Engreformation, contribute" to its schools land. The translator informs us that and church construction, attend its con- the number of Somalis in British East gresses. American missionaries are in- Africa was estimated a few years ago vited repeatedly to speak in Coptic to be 20,000; but along the banks of churches. This has gone so far that the J uba River there are living about the solemn ritualistic services on Good 20,000 Bantu negroes'-former slaves, or Friday have been suspended, and Mr. the children of slaves, of the Somalis, Reed, a Presbyterian clergyman, in- and these also speak Somali. The bulk vited in to give an exposition of the of the Somalis are, however, found Scriptures. Great numbers of Coptic across the river in Italian territory. It laymen and school-teachers and some is believed that the Ogaden-Harti "dta- Coptic priests have been educated in lect in which St. Mark's Gospel his American Presbyterian schools and been prepared will be intelligible to cherish the friendliest feelings for the the greater part of the tribesmen in Somaliland.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Work Amona Moslems in Nilleri& churches in the Islands,' that authority be sought from the Mission Boards in MISS CLARK of the Sudan Interior the United States permitting mission- Mission tel1s a remarkable story aries to labor without perpetuating deof a spontaneous movement among cer- nominational names, and that plans be tain Mohammedans of the Sudan. Some made for and methods of cooperation forty-five years ago a Mallam came adopted among the various bodies ~t from the East to Zaria (Nigeria) and work. began preaching that Mohammed was not a prophet of God and that the AInc:lustrial Mission in the Philippines Koran was a lying book. After a time TYPICAL example of the kind of he was arrested, and his disciples fled work being done in the Philippines further east, and, tho not attaining to under the direction of Bishop Brent at any positive faith, continued to uphold Sagada, a place lying in the wild mounthe doctrine of the Koran's worthless- tain regions inhabited by the Igorots, a ness. A few years ago, Dr. Barjary, pagan people of Malay origin. In one of the Church Missionary Society of the adjacent mountain gorges is a visited them, but found no response great saw mill run by the mission, which among them. Last year, however, a provides employment for hundreds of man came into Zaria, to Dr. Miller, men, women and children, and which .is and asked for teaching. He returned called by the native director, "A benelater with another, saying that what diction from Heaven." At Sagada there they wanted was not learning, but re- are large workshops where all kinds of ligion. They then opened up their tools and tinware are made. In other hearts and told how they and many buildings the girls do lace work, and others of their people had been waiting weave beautiful native cloth. A great for the Word of God. Dr. Miller has stone church is in process of erection, sent out Christian young men who have and also a hospital. The whole mission chosen a central town and for twenty is lighted by electric light, the plant miles around these anti-Mohammedan being under the direction of two Igorot Protestants gather each Sunday for in- boys, and there is a first-class printing struction in Christianity. establishment under the direction of an Igorot young man twenty-three years ISLANDS OF THE SEA old, with Igorot assistance. At a recent visit to the mission by Bishop Brent, Unity in the Philippine. over eighty candidates of all ages were confirmed, and after ten years' work A CONFERENCE looking toward the there have been over twelve hundred more complete union of the evan- persons baptized in the community.- gelical churches at work in the Philip- The Churchman. pine Islands, was held in Manila in October last, and was characterized by MISCELLANEOUS a very helpful spirit of unity. Two Americans and two Filipinos from the A The Unreached Millions Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, CCORDING to carefully compiled United Brethren and Christian Mis- statistics, about twenty million volsions were present. Representatives umes of the Bible, or portions of it, from the Congregational and Baptist were printed during 1913, and of these Missions expected to be present but about eighteen million were put into failed to. reach Manila. Resolutions circulation. But "what are these among were passed requesting that the Lord- so many?" Asia alone contains about ship of Jesus and the authority, of the 934,000,000 people. The total popula- Holy Scriptures be fully recognized. that a common name be found for all

tion of the world to-day is approxi- of view. It is, "Forward to Christ." mately 1,730,000,000. Asia,the~efore, con- Christ, the Captain of our Salvation, tains in itself 138,000,000 more people like King Henry of Navarre, is far in than are to be found in all the rest of advance of his army. He is in the the inhabited world. In other words, if van. He calls on all his faithful fol- all the people of the 'world, Asia ex- lowers to advance to his position. We cepted;-. were in the continent of Asia can never overtake him in. his eager there would still be room for one and advance for the conquest of the world; a half times as many people as there but we can devote every energy to are in the United States of America. pushing toward the front of the far- In British India there are over 312,000,- flung battle line. "The Son of God 000 people, in China about 400,000,000. goes forth to war, who follows in His When it is realized how many millions train ?"

of people on the earth's surface are ONE The Ex-Governor of Bombay on Minions still unreached by the Gospel and do of the speakers at the last annot possess God's Holy Word, the great nual meeting of the Oxford Misimportance of the work of the Bible sion in Calcutta was Lord Sydenham, Society is slightly comprehended. formerly governor of Bombay Presi- L Let the Pessimist Take Note dency. ET those who think Christianity is An English newspaper quotes his ad- a spent force ponder the following: When Carey, the first Protestant dress as follows: "Lord Sydenham said missionary of the world, went to India, that after five and one-half years of the whole number of nominal Chris- careful study of the tendencies and tians in the world was about 200,000,- conditions of modern India he had come 000. Now there are 500,000,000. When to the conclusion that missionary effort he, in the eighteenth century, went out was playing a far greater part than was from Christendom as a missionary to realized in the raising of high ideals the dark world of heathend6m, the among the people. . . . Perhaps the population of the world was about greatest tribute of all to the work of 1,000,000,000. It is now supposed to the missionaries was the growing numbe about 1,500,000,000, which is only ber of Indian institutions which, withanother way of saying that, while the out being professedly Christian, were population of the world has increased still the direct result of Christian induring this period fifty per cent., Chris'- fluence working upon Indian minds and leavening Indian thought."

tianity has increased 150 per cent, and OBITUARY the ratio shows that the cause of Christ advanced more within the past 25 years Robert .1. Willingham than it did in the 75 years preceding. Our God is marching on. T HROUGHOUT the South there is great sorrow over the death of Dr. A "Forward to Chri.t" Robert ]. Willingham, for thirty years FOREIGN missionary has sounded the devoted and indefatigable secretary . of the .foreign Mission Board of the the right note. During the past Southern Baptist Convention. During quarter century, he says, the cry has his term of splendid service the gifts been, "Back to. Christ." That cry has to foreign missions in the Southern value, for Christ is the ineffable and Baptist Convention increased more than the infinite model of all that is p.erfect 500 per cent. Dr. Willingham .was a in the manifestation of God. But there man who was respected by all and loved '

is a better cry from a missionary point by all who knew him.

'1111

Pl/",'It BOOKS ON MISSIONS "'01 I AND f '. MISSION LANDS ;, :' ;"

………….. …….,…….,// …….. ….~."…..:;-'/ The Present World Situation. John R. shall at the same time relate itself to Mott. 12mo. Student Volunteer Move- the historic, the universal church? Can ment for Foreign Missions, New York, we increase an effective Christian liter- 1914. ature? Can the crushing social problems The reader of Dr. Mott's latest book of the Orie~t be solved, or must we see the new industrial era add to these probmeets with one inevitable disappoint- lems the problem of the slum and tl"ce ment. "Before the war broke out the congested district, which social reformers book was written just as it now appears." are trying to solve for America? Shall The author truly says that the catas- the gulf which separates the whites and trophe "lends a peculiar timeliness and blacks in South Africa become "the meaning to the treatment of the subject"; grave of Christian ideals in that part of but we all feel that the war has wrought the world?" These are among the quessuch a vast international upheaval that tions which mediocre men can answer the present world situation can not be only as they rise to the stature of statesfairly treated without a discussion' of men. the influence of the war. One who has read "The Decisive Hour of Christian After showing that "by far the great- Missions'," and has followed the author's est obstacle to the world-wide spread of message as given before the Kansas City the Christian religion is the unchristian Convention, and in the MISSIONARY RE- impact of our Western civilization," the VIEW OF THE WORLD and the Inter- author enters upon an illuminating disnational Review of Missions must con- cussion of methods by which the impact fess, too, to a certain disappointment that may be Christianized. There is demandthe new book does not contain more new ed a world-wide "campaign of friendmaterial. It is a satisfaction, however, to ship," in which must cooperate the mishave in a single compact volume these sionary's home, the Christian Student messages, as well as other chapters which Movement, the Laymen's Miss,ionary were given as lectures in Andover Theo- Movement, every Christian in America logical Seminary, at Hqrvard University, who comes into contact with foreign stuand at the Boston University School of dents. Theology. In his closing chapter the writer indi- Dr. Matt dwells upon the unprece- cates the chauging emphasis of his own dented opportunity, danger, and urgency thought. On returning from his first of our world situation. He points out journey around the world, he placed chief the contrasts between his earlier and empha,sis upon the need of "a large inlater experiences in various countries. crease in the number of foreign mis- sionaries." At the end of his second The work of Christian missions must journey throughout the principal mission be "empire building." "Few churches fields of the world, he insisted upon "the and missions are planning their work necessity of augmenting the native arm with reference to the inevitable demands of the service/, He is now constrained of even the next ten years." 'Shall the "to shift the emphasis entirely from "untouchables"be absorbed by Hinduism, numbers to quality, and especially to the Mohammedanism, or Christianity? Can we hope for an indigenous church which

spiritual aspects of the life and activity the rural church is in a position of inof the workers." "The conviction deep- fluence out of all proportion to the size ens that what is needed is not so much of his congregation or the amount of his to quadruple our numbers as to quad- salary. Wide-awake pastors. of rural ruple ourselves." Thus at last he would churches will be deeply interested in call the leaders ~f the missionary forces these ideas forcefully presented by Mr. -and all of us-"not only to a more Wilson. thorough handling of the facts and methods, but also to a larger discovery of The World Outlook superhuman t'esources and a greater irradiation of spiritual power.". The second number of this new month- ly is quite equal to the first-which is The Problem of Leadership. By Ernest high praise. .It is devoted to South E. Elliott. 12mo, 119 pp. 50 cents. America, and has remarkably fine illus- Fleming H. Revell CO, J914. trations and. interesting reading. Practical suggestions gathered from The combination price of The World the experience of the National Secre- Outlook and the REVIEW is' $3.00-for tary of the Brotherhood of the Dis- new subscribers only. To foreign counciples of Christ. The human problem in tries postage must be added. Church and State is. almost wholly a problem of leadership-those who are NEW BOOKS faithful, efficient and beloved. Methods are suggested by Mr. Elliott and mate- The City of Dancing Dervishes ahd rial is listed. The book is of practical value to pastors at home and abroad. Other Sketches and Studies from the Near East. By H. C. Lukach. Illus- The Church at the Center. By Warren H. Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. 98 pp. trated. 257 pp. 7s. 6d., net. Macmillan, 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- London, 1914. ment, New York, 1914. The work for country churches has A Great Missionary Pioneer. The Story of Samuel Marsden's Work in New Zeabeen developed on a new scale in recent years. Mr. Warren H. Wilson, the land. By Mrs. E. M. Dunlop. 16mo. secretary on "The Church and Country 89 pp. Is., net. Society for Promoting Life" for the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, had signal success in his Christian Knowledge, London, 1914. own rural parish, and has greatly stimulated interest in this important work. His Kiowa. The History of a Blanket Indian present volume deals with the mode of survey for a country parish, suggestions Mission. By Isabel Crawford. Illusand program for the rural church, gives some very useful examples of such work; trated. 8vo. 242 pp. $125, net. Fleming presents some suggestions for rural H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. • church buildings, and ideas that will make the village church a leader in the A Sunday-School Tour of the Orient. country life. When we consider that a By a Commission authorized by the large proportion of students for the ministry and of other leaders in civic and World's Sunday-School Association By religious life come from rural commu- Frank L. Brown. 12mo. Illustrated. nities, and when we see the power which some of these village churches have ex- xvi-374 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garerted to transform the life of the com- den City, L. I., 1914. munity, it is evident that the pastor of A Hero of the Afghan Frontier. The Splendid Life Story of T. L. Pennell, M.D., Retold for Boys and Girls. By Alice M. Pennell. Illustrated. 12mo.

209 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York (Seeley Service, Lon- don), 1914. .

Missionary Crusaders. Stories of the Dauntless Courage and Remarkable Ad- ventures which missionaries have had while carrying out their duties in many parts of the world. By Claude Field, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo. 220 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. .

Missions and the Church. By Wilbur B. Stover. Illustrated. 16mo. 204 pp.

Brethren Pub. House, Elgin, Ill., 1914.

The Real Turk. By Stanwood Cobb.

$1.50. The Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1914.

Life in the Moslem East. By Pierr.e Ponafidine. $1.75, net. Dodd, M-ead &: Co., New York~ 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1915

for Missionary

SOME SIGNIFICANT FACTS FOUND IN THIS NUMBER Suitable for LJse in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings 1. The ten Chinese girls, the first sent to America to be educated on the Indemnity Fund, are all Christians, and eight are daugh- ters of Chinese pastors. They were chosen by competitive I I- examination in Peking (see page 63).

2. Mohammedanism is hopelessly divided. The attempts of the I kl Sheikh-ul-Islam of Constantinople to arouse all Moslems to a "Holy War" against Christians have failed (see pages 2 and 13).

3· In the United States there is one ordained Protestant minister to every 594 people; in China there is only one to every i c, 476,462 people (see page 61).

4· If China arms and drills her people up to European standards she will have a standing army of 36,000,000 men. Is it not worth while to teach China the power of the Gospel of Christ?

(see page 26).

5. Seventeen hundred walled cities and thousands of smaller towns in China are now open to missionaries for the first time. If we do not quickly use this opportunity the tide will turn as it has turned in other lands (see page 71).

6. Mr. Morimura, a wealthy Japanese business man, who recently found Christ in his old age during the evangelistic campaign, has given $100,000 to establish a fund to promote business morality (see page 74).

7. The Christians of Aintab, Turkey, astonished the Turkish soldiers, when they arrived hungry and thirsty, by giving them a hot dinner and cool water. "Verily," said the soldiers, "such kindness has never been shown by Christians to Mo- hammedans since the days of the Prophet" (see page 3).

8. In the recent evangelistic campaigns among Chinese students, conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, 7,000 inquirers in seven cities asked to join Bible classes. The average attendance at the meetings was 3,000 students (see page 5).

9. In the Peking evangelistic campaign the Minister of the In- terior gave the ground for the pavilion in the "Forbidden City" ; the Minister of War gave the use of 200 army tents; the Minister of Education gave a half-holiday to enable students to attend the Gospel meetings; and President Yuan Shi Kai exprest his deep interest in the campaign. In what ~I Christian lands would officials do as much? (See page 5).

10. During the present war, Great Britain has restricted the sale of intoxicants; Germany has forbidden traffic in alcoholic liquors; France has prohibited the manufacture of absinthe; and Russia has dosed alI the drink-shops in the empire. The anti-alcoholic movement spreads (see page 67).

A PORTRAIT OF ARTHUR T. PIERSON (1837·1911

oiEditor-in-Chie£ of the jfISSIONARY REVIEW OF T.1IE WORLD.. 1888 until his decease in 1911 111111111111 I 111111 rr.:

AllY Vol. XXVIII, No

HE New Series o JANUARY, 1915 Vol. XXXVIII, No. I Old Series SIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1914 no less significant. These have been noted from time to time in the THE year that has just closed will REVIEW, and are listed here that we first of all be notable as one may see them at a glance. The De- cember index refers to the months m marked by the greatest war in his- which full particulars are given: tory. Men and money, all resources and treasures have been sacrificed North America without stint for national success. It is still too early to forsee the re- The Student Volunteer Convention in sults of the war, or its full signifi- Kansas City. cance to the Kingdom of God. There . will be changes in the map of Europe Campaign of World's S. S. Association and of the world; the loss of men in behalf of Moslem children. and material resources are incalcu- lable, the exhibition of hatred is de- United Every-Member Canvass in the plorable. AU is against the Spirit of ChurcheS'. Christ. On the other hand there are lessons that may well be taken to Con;ention in behalf of American Ne- heart by all Christians-the ineffec- groes, Atlanta. tiveness of an "armed peace"; the "heroic self-sacrifices of which men are Co~operation Program adopted by Home capable; the enormous supply of men Mission Council. -and money available, if people are but aroused to the need of giving; Hebrew-Christian Alliance formed. the futility of all foundations for American Baptist Missionary Centenary. peace and 'brotherly love other than United Conference of Missions III loyal surrender to Jesus Christ. Mexico. Buf there were other events of the International Sunday-school Convention, year which, in the sight of God, are . Chicago. Dedication of the Christian Synagog, Toronto. United Missionary Campaign among churches of all denominations. South American Leaders' Conference, Uruguay.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in ,the pages of this REVIEW, hut do not acknowledge responsihility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eon· tributors of signed articles in these pII&I'B.-EDITORS.

Interdenominational Ministers' Mission- Spiritual Awakening in the Nile Valley. ary Conference, Rochester. (Report Marsden Centenary in New Zealand. later) . German Islands taken over by British. Cure for Leprosy discovered in the Europe Philippines. Hebrew Christian Conference, Hal11burg. Wesleyan Methodist Centenary. Some Notable Death. Opening of the New Waldensian Church Samuel B. Capen, President of the in Rome. American Board C. F. M. Great Protestant Meetings in Barcelona, James S. Dennis, Author of "Christian Spain. Missions and Social Progress." Spiritual Awaking in France. Temperance Movement in Russia. E. E. Strong, Editorial Secretary of the First Laymen's Missionary Cqnference, American Board.

Great Britain. Fred S. Arnot, of the Garenganze Mis- Salvation Army Congress in London. sion of Central Africa. Revival in Bulgaria. The World War in Europe, Asia, Africa, H. A. Robertson of Erromanga, New Hebrides. the Islands of the Sea. Bishop Tucker of Uganda. Moslem Land. Young Men's Christian Association ATHE "HOLY WAR" OF ISLAM VERY significant sign of the Building Opened in Constantinople. times has appeared on the hori- The Robert Wilder Meetings in Constan- zon from the direction of Moslem lands, in the failure of the efforts tinople. of Turkish Moslems to arouse enthu- The Opening of New Buildings of Con- siasm for their program for a "Holy War" against Great Britain, France stantinople College for Women. and Russia. The Sheikh-ul-Islam and United Evangelistic Campaign in Con- several local Moslem leaders have issued proclamations to arouse their stantinople. co-religionists not only in Turkey,but The "Capitulations" Abolished by in Persia, Africa, and India, to join in exterminating the infidels (except Turkey. Turkey's allies) . Thus far these Turkey seeks to foment a Holy War calls have been of no avail. The Mohammedan world is hopelessly against Christians. divided. In Asia Minor and Syria bands of Moslems will doubtless wel- India, China, and Japan come any excuse to pillage and des- Awakenings in North India, 150,000 troy their Christian neighbors; in Persia, where the local government· Baptisms. is weak, there will probably be much Other Christward Mass Movements in disorder· and some attacks on Chris- tians; in Arabia there will continue India. to be manifestations of fanaticism, Attempt to Reestablish Confucianism. but there are too few Christians The Eddy Evangelistic Campaigns in there to make a fight worth while. In Egypt, however, the former Khe- China. Idol Burning in Yunnan, and elsewhere. Chinese Board of Missions Formed. The United Evangelistic Campaign, Japan. Africa and the Islands Spiritual Awakening in South Africa. Christward Movements in Uganda. Christward Mass Movement in West Africa. Church Union Movement in Livingstonia.

OF THE TIMES

dive has been deposed and is in exile they said to one another, "this is and the present Premier, Rushdi something new; never since the days Pasha, has declared in favor of Great of the prophet until now has such Britain. In India also the Moham- kindness been shown. No Moslem medan rulers are generally loyal and friend has come to give us food and refuse to follow the lead of Turkey. drink without money and without price, but these Christians have sup- There is little to fear from a plied our every need without our general unholy "Holy War." There asking." is little danger of a Turkish invasion of Egypt, either by land or sea. This is the way of Christ. It is Reports to this effect are thus inven- the way that will end in victory. tions of those with whom the wish is father to the thought. There are, THE ASSOCIATION MOVEMENT IN however, some causes for anxiety on account of the missionaries and other TURKEY Christians in Asia Minor and Syria. These are greatly in need of our HOW many hopes are shattered or prayers and help. Thieves and brigands are now free to pillage the their fulfilment delayed by the friends of the European allies. Har- war in Turkey, it is impossible to bors are mined and traffic by land estimate. The Young Men's and and sea is irregular or entirely broken Young Women's Christian Associaup. Some Europeans are reported tions, for instance, had only recently imprisoned and their property con- formed a union, including both orfiscated. ganizations, for the Turkish Empire, the only country in which this has .In the midst of this picture of been done. The first annual meeting brigandage comes the report from of the Gener.al Committee of this Aintab that Christian kindness won Union' was held in Constantinople the esteem of Turkish soldiers. last summer, and not only were Troops arrived before this city of achievements recorded, but plans 80,000, after a march of 70 miles, were made for the future. These during which they had been without will be interrupted by the participarations. It would not have been St1[- tion of Turkey in the war. Miss prizing if they had looted the Chris- Frances Gage, General Secretary of tian quarters and abused the "infidels." the Y.W.CA., reported that Student The Christians of the city, however, Associations are now in several misincluding the American mission col- sion schools, and city associations, lege students, united in a movement so-called, are carried on by: (I) to give the Turkish troops a good groups of foreign girls living in coast hot dinner. The troops had 'been cities ; (2) organizations of women obliged to drink only muddy water, and girls in the Protestant churches but now the Christian women brought and (3) mixed groups, organized an abundance of cool, refreshing, something alter the form of women's pure water to quench the soldiers clubs. The presence of women by thirst. Imagine the surprize of these the thousands in the silk mills of hungry and thirsty men. "Verily," Brousa, the tobacco factories of Smyrna and the cotton mills of Adana, constitutes a strong appeal

ior the development of Association throughout the Empire will be care- activities. ful to treat with fuIl consideration all Mr. E. O. Jacob is the leader of American residents within those do- a strong body of Y.M.CA. secre- mains. A telegram received by the taries, and the Association Quarterly Secretaries of the American Board is published to represent both sec- from Secretary of State Bryan on tions of the work. The Student November 9, reads: Associations, both men's and "Our Ambassador at Constanti- women's, voted to apply for admis- nople with hearty cooperation of sion to the World's Student Chris- Turkish officials has situation com- tian Federation. It was decided that pletely in hand. Missionaries and the women's department should apply their work fully safeguarded. Every- for affiliation with the World's thing proceeding as tho normal con- Y.W.CA. ditions prevailed. You may safely NEWS OF THE ARABIAN MISSION reassure all friends."

'THE entrance of Turkey into A letter from Rev. John Van Ess active participation in the great at Busrah (under date September 2I, European War which has nOw ex- 1914) gives assurace of safety. He tended to Asia has caused some says: anxiety as to the welfare of mis- "Turkey has been intensely pro- sionaries in Armenia, Syria, and the German, and the rapid advance of Persian Gulf. Busrah and Kuweit, the German forces a while back had stations of the American Reformed its effect in making our friend the Church Mission, are in the territory Turk a bit overbearing. . . . The of the Turkish Empire. For some most serious matter is that of the ex- time the relations between the British tensive mobilization on the part of representatives at Busrah and the Turkey. One of Dr. Cantine's men Turkish authorities have been strained, in Amara, was imprisoned for not reflecting the relations of the respec- presenting himself to the army, and tive governments. In order to remove finalIy was released on payment of causes of friction the British Govern- £T43, of which £TIO was given him ment withdrew its gunboats from the by a Turkish officer as evidence of river and harbor of Busrah and his friendship, a gratifying circum- closed its post-office. The only other stance. Two other evangelists were means of communication was there- gotten off as being readers in the fore through the very unreliable Turk- church, and my head teacher as being ish post-office which is never user:! by preacher. Two others of my teachers the "missionaries. have, however, been taken into the Americans have not been interfered army, and so my work will be seri- with and since the Turkish Govern- ously crippled, altho it is a comfort ment at Constantinople has asked the that all Government teachers have American Ambassadors at London, been taken, without exception, and in Paris and Petrograd to take charge consequence all Turkish schools are of the interests of Turkey in those closed. Further remarks I shall omit, capitals, there is every reason to fearing the censorship to which this think that the Turkish authorities letter is subject. The announcement

by Turkey that the Capitulations will offered a site for the evangelistic be abolished on October 1St, makes pavilion within the Forbidden City us feel a little uneasy, tho I can not itself. It is the first time in history believe that the Powers will con- that Christian meetings have been sent." allowed within these sacred precincts.

A WAKENINGS AMONG CHINESE The Ministry suggested that this pa- vilion be placed next to the sacred STUDENTS -altar where the emperor annually worshiped the "Spirits of the Land." "S EVEN cities, 7,000 inquirers, average attendance; 3,000. The Ministry of War gave the use President, officials cooperating. Mr. of 200 tents to make the pavilion Wen (Commissioner of Foreign Af- rainproof, the Minister of Education fairs of Chekiang Province), Hang- granted a half holiday to all the gov- chow, baptized. Evangelistic cam- ernment- students in Peking to enable paign not affected by war. Oppor- them to attend the opening meeting, tunities double last year." Thus and the Minister of Foreign Affairs reads a cablegram from China giving sent his representative to the meeting.

some of the visible results of Mr. After Mr. Eddy had spoken one Sherwood Eddy's Evangelistic Cam- night to over 3,000 students for over paign among Chinese College stu- an hour, more than 1,000 men signed dents in fourteen of the cities of cards as inquirers. A meeting was held China. The deeper, abiding results in another part of Peking attended by only God can know, and yet the fruits 1,700 of the gentry and business men, of the meetings held last year are so and the Board of Trade asked for 300 encouraging that those here referred reserved seats at this meeting. Three to. are full of promise. hundred and fifty of these men in- In Tientsin the Guild Hall was dicated their desire to join Bible crowded with 2,000 students and sev- classes. At one meeting for inquir- eral hundreds were turned away. On ers there were present: one former the last day over 1,000 inquirers governor, two generals, a private exprest their desire to join Bible secretary to the President, the direc- classes. Last year after the meetings tor of China's national bank, promi- in this city 500 Confucian students nent officials, a young non-Christian were enrolled in Bible classes, over philanthropist. Probably in no other 200 of whom were later received in country in the world to-day are the the churches by baptism or as proba- officials so accessible to Christianity bilities. as in China. Two hundred Chinese In Peking the President, Yuan Shi Christian young men have been nor- Kai, exprest deep interest in the meet- mally trained to lead the Bible classes ings, and the Vice-President, General in conserving the results of these Li Yuan Hung, requested Mr. Eddy to meetings. In Paotingfu, where address his family and guests. The Horace Pitkin laid down his life with cordial cooperation of the officials was the martyrs of 1900, 500 non-Chris- in striking contrast to their attitude to tian students and leading men indi-· the Gospel in the Boxer Uprising of cated their purpose to join Bible 1900. The Ministry of the Interior classes as inquirers. "The blood of

the martyrs has proved again the on the·· program, the facts gathered seed of the Church, and China, after were thrown on the screen. A vol".

the last spasm of heathenism, hate ume will be published giving the prin- and cruelty, is turning to-day, sobered cipal addresses d~Iivered at the con- and chastened, with open mind to vention and the survey materials in consider the claims of Christ." chart and tabulated form. A continu- ation policy was adopted and echo T a NEW ENGLAND METHODIST MEN meetings will be held all over New HE men of the Church, as England to inspire the churches and whole, are taking their larger share to put the policy into actual operation.

in missionary work. The denomina- A MISSIONARY CONVENTION OF tions are enlisting their men in lay- MINISTERS men's movements as was evident when twenty-four hundred delegates T HERE have been missionary con- registered at the New England Con- ventions of laymen, of young vention of Methodist Men in Boston people, of women, of secretaries, and (November IIth-13th). This was the of ministers and others, but a con- largest company of men from the vention for ministers only, that is Methodist churches of New England planned and carried out by laymen, ever assembled. The meetings of the is a new departure. Such a con- General Committees of Home and vention was held in Rochester the Foreign Missions preceding and fol- first week in December, under the lowing the convention made possible auspices of the Laymen's Mission- the attendance of the members of the ary Movement. There was a large committees, including nearly all of attendance and a strong program"

the bishops of the Church, and a very planned wholly with. reference to strong program resulted. The con- helping the pastors in grappling with vention had two unique features. their problems. All the evangelical One was a Jesse Lee demonstra- ministers in the Western half of New tion on the site on Boston Common York State were invited and the where Jesse Lee, the founder of churches of Rochester provided free Methodism in New England, preached entertainment.

his first sermon. The principal ad- The theme of the Convention was dress was delivered by Bishop W. F. "The Church at Work in the Com~ McDowelI on "The Fathers." munity, the Nation and the W orId," – The second unique feature was the and eminent speakers were enlisted use of slides and motion pictures to because of their special experience report the results of a "Survey of along some particular line that would Religious Conditions in New Eng- make their testimony valuable to pas- land," including the work of Morgan tors. A full report, with address", Memorial Institutional Church in wiII be given in the REVIEW for Feb- Boston. For months trained workers ruary. Over seven hundred ministersI have been making the investigations were present from the 2,000 Protestant' '

and gathering the statistics. At the churches in the western half of the beginning of each session, and related State. If the pastors catch the mission~ to the topics which were to be discust ary fi·re, the contagion will spread.

LEE CELEBRATION AT THE NEW ENGLAND CON VENTION OF METHODIST

On Boston Common in r 860, Jesse L ee, the founder of New England Methodism, preached h is first ser mon. The event was commemorated in Kovcmber, 1914.

Methods of Educating the Church in Missions 64 X 367- 431 say Preaching 7 at WorK 160 say Literature 116 say Classes 26 say Special Speaker 16 have no methods 24,361 at work in 67 do not report Church organizations .. :31 per cent. Personal Evangelism .. 3 per cent. Missionary Education . . 2 per cent.

Where do you COUll!?

CHARTS USED AT THE NEW ENGLAND CONVENTION OF METHODIST MEN

UNCHRISTlANIZED ZULU RICKSHAW BOYS IN NATAL, SOUTH

DR. TAYLQR, MR. SMITH, AND THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS AT IMPOLWENI, SOUTH AFRICA CONTRASTS IN THE NATIVES OF SOUTH AFRICA (See article by Fred D. Smith, page 29 )

Missionary Aspects of

Year 1914 BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Politics in Asia.'· "Missions and 1fodern History," etc.

i,TlHE past year began with tend the Centennial anniversary of the greatest gathering the establishment of the' American of students in the, inter- . Mission in India and was on his way est of missions which home by way of China when he died has ever been held. of pneumonia in Shanghai on Janu- Five thousand repre- uary 29. In many ways Dr. Capen sentatives of the faculties and student was a representative Christian man, bodies of the United States and typical of his time. He was a layman Canada met at Kansas .City for five who in business, municipal adminis- days. There were delegates also tration, education, his local church, from every other great race, one hun- the Christian life of the nation and dred and sixty from the young men the evangelization of the world rose and women of China who are in our to trusted leadership without display American colleges and universities, or self advertisement or any influence forty from the Japanese, with smaller ex~pt the affectionate purity and groups or single individuals from the simplicity of his character and his other nations of Asia and from good sense and loyal high-minded- Europe, Africa and South America. ness. He was an embodiment of the The influence of the convention in newly recovered priesthood of the deepening missionary convictions and laity and of the world-citizenship spreading abroad the knowledge of which missions have created.

missionary work reached out to the The most notable missionary an- ends of the world. niversary of this year was the cen- The opening month of the year tennial of the founding of the Ameri- which brought this accession of can Baptist Missions. The centenary vitality and power witnessed also the on the field was celebrated in Ran- passing on of one who was beloved goon, Burmah, in December, 1913, and trusted as a missionary leader, but while Baptist missions abroad bewho could ill be spared and ~ho was gan in 1813 thrQugh Judson's adop- eager to live to share in the further tion of Baptist principles on his voy- advancement of Christ's Kingdom age to India, the General Convention over the world, Dr. Samuel B. Capen, for Foreign Missions was established president of the American Board of at Philadelphia, May 21, 1814. The Commissioners for Foreign Missions anniversary was held in conjunction and since its organization the chair- with the annual May meeting' of the man of the executive committee of Baptist societies in Boston in May. the Laym~n's Missionary Movement. From the courageous beginnings of Dr. Capen had gone to India to at~ Adoniram Judson the work has grown

to 127 stations, 701 missionaries, of territorial assignment of responsi~ 1,575 organized churches, 6,I06 bility aiming at adequate provisions native workers and 166,330 church- for every part of the field. Not all, members. The strong denominational natu!ally, are ready to go as far as convictions which have characterized some, but a notable advance has been the work of the Baptist missions are made and an ideal set up for other yet enriched with a true fraternal mission fields.

spirit. During the year a long stand- The year ends with no apparent ing problem of territorial adjustment prospect of peace and order in Mex- in the state of Kengtung in Burmah ico. There are sections of the coun- was most harmoniously adjusted be- try where tranquility prevails but no tween the Baptist and Presbyterian central and responsible government Boards which have also for years has been set up. The pressure for worked happily together in China and intervention by the United States has the Philippine Islands in the same been resisted with the avoidance of stations and even in the same institu- bloodshed which would have been in~ tions, and have during the year united evitable and of the weakening of our their schools in Tokyo, Japan, in moral influence in Latin America and fruitful cooperation. especially in the world situation con- Cooperation in Mexico sequent upon the war. The mission- aries are returning to their posts in But the most notable advance In some states and find the religious missionary cooperation has been made needs of the nation deeper than ever.

possible by the situation in Mexico. The animosity of the various revo- The utter chaos in that distrest land lutionary movements has been intense led to the temporary withdrawal from against the Roman Catholic Church the field of all but a half dozen of on the ground of its alleged hostility the missionaries. It seemed a provi- to liberal thought and institutions and dential opportunity to the missionaries to all freedom. Priests and nuns at home to consider together the have been harshly treated and church whole arrangement and program of property appropriated. In conse- missionary work with a view to such quence we have seen the interesting measures of readjustment and cooper- phenomenon of the Roman Catholic ation as would make it in the highest Church in the United States appealing measure efficient and comprehensive to the American government to in- upon the return of the forces to the tervene in behalf of religious liberty field. Sixty or seventy representatives and toleration in Mexico, the very of the mission boards at work in land regarding which Pope Pius IX.

Mexico met accordingly on June 30th wrote to Maximilian urging that and July 1st in Cincinnati, and ap- Roman Catholicism should be the only proved the most thoroughgoing scheme religion allowed "to the exclusion of of occupation and cooperation which every other dissenting worship" and has ever been outlined for any mis- "that instruction, whether public or sion field, contemplating united work private, should be directed and in publication, education, home pub- watched over by· the ecclesiastical licity and field conference and a plan authorities." Mexico was included in Pius's Encyclical issued the same solution, has troubled the history of year, contending that the opinion that the past year. It was one of the liberty of conscience and of worship irrepressible issues in the discussions is the right of every man is not only in Congress over the questions of an erroneous opinion, very hurtful to the Philippines and of Asiatic immithe safety of the Catholic Church gration. The last few years have and of souls, but also delirious. seen a very substantial transfer of self government to the Philippine peo- The prompt and cordial accept- ple and they surely have not lacked ance by the United States of the declarations as to the ultimate purproffered mediation of Brazil, Argen- pose of the American occupation of tina and Chile when our peaceful re- the islands, but the measure known lations with Mexico which had en- as the Jones bill proposed further dured long and difficult strain were commitments and raised the debate unreasonably imperiled by a trivial as to whether the United States was incident, exerted a beneficial effect going too fast or not fast enough througho~t Latin America. We are in providing autonomy for the so confident of the rectitude of our Filipinos. That the people are moving political sentiments toward the other forward wonderfully under the edu- American nations that we utterly fail cational and political tutelage of the to appreciate the' distrust which many United States there could be no of these nations feel toward us ana doubt. Nowhere else in the world we have too easily forgotten the has there been a more wonderful ingrounds which we have given them stance of social and intellectual transfor this distrust. Sf. Garcia Calderon's formation. That there should be book on "Latin America-Its Rise divergence of view as to our govand Progress" illustrates the habit of ernment's policy both among theorists thought of the younger leaders in and among practical men is inevitable. Latin America and the misapprehen- Progress and just action are desions and suspicions which charac- pendent upon the attrition of terize it. It is to be gratefully recog- diverse opinions. But it is unfornized that we ended the year with tunate that in every such debate a distinctly better feeling toward us vicious conceptions of racial relationon the part of Latin America. There ship are revealed. Among the misis need of wise and unselfish cultiva- chievous and timorous words spoken tion of this feeling that all these in the debate by a leader in Congress Western nations may work together were these: in peace and mutual helpfulness and by God's grace avoid the deadly "I have no doubt that a conflict will errors of the older world. come between the Far East and the Far West across the Pacific Ocean. All Problems of Race Relationship WUlch IS taking place in the world, the logic of the history of the human race In various forms apart from the ttP to now, teaches us that the avoidance European war the great problem of of this conflict is impossible. I hope it race relationship, which the world will be only a commercial conflict. I has never been able to solve and for hope war may not come, that there will which it will not accept the Christian be no conflict of arms; but I have little where, embittered by their experience, faith that in this world of ours people a riot broke out which cost a dozen and races are able to meet in competition lives or more. The same paper which for a long period without armed con- reported the incident described also flict. A fight for commercial supremacy the triumphant landing of the Sikh leads in the end to a fight with arms, be- troops at Marseilles, where they went cause that is the final arbiter between ashore greeted with flowers and nations." shouts of welcoming joy. The Sikh Such words are mischievous be- husbandman with his shovel on his cause they bring on the very situa- shoulder coming to toil and increase tion they profess to deplore, and our wealth flung back from the they are unmanly because they repre- western gate, and the Sikh soldier sent a surrender to the supposed with his gun, coming to kill and de· fatality of history. But why should stroy, welcomed in at the opposite man deliberately accept defeat at the door!

hands of his own deeds? Why Japan and Korea should he first brutalize his inter- Especially has the problem of race- racial relationships and then be brow- relationship been prest upon the na- beaten by his own brutality? tion by the necessity of a more equit- Never have we had a year, how- able and adequate solution of the ever, in which race prejudice and question of Japanese immigration, fear has been allowed so pitifully to with the Chinese question in the back- blind human judgment. The trial of ground. The agitation and anti-alien the Jew, Beilis, for alleged ritual land legislation in California gave murder in Russia, the wild discus- the national government one of the sion of the various immigration meas- three most difficult diplomatic prob- ures in Congress, the race collisions lems of the year. And the issue is so and the case of the Hindu laborers far from being settled that it stands in South Africa, the public recrudes- ahead of us as one of our most per- cence of century-long race repression plexing tasks-how on the one hand in some of the Latin American lands, to afford American labor the protec- the antagonism of the Indian peon tion to which it is entitled, and to to the Spanish landed aristocracy in conserve American institutions, and, Mexico, were but a few of the ex- on the other, to do absolute justice, pressions of this prejUdice and fear. to fulfil the highest obligations of in- Two incidents reported in the same ternational fair dealing and good will issue of one morning paper were and to perpetuate the principles of tragically illustrative of the confusion democracy and equality on which the and untruth which becloud the whole nation was founded. A commission problem. The Sikh immigrants from on Eastern race-relationship was es- the Panjab who had sought admis- tablished by the Federal Council of sion as laborers into Canada and who the churches and is dealing carefully had been kept prisoners on their ship with the problem. Meanwhile it is at Victoria and prevented from land- the duty of all patriotic men not to ing and finally sent back to India were talk as the congressman who lJasbeen reported to have arrived in Calcutta. qU9tt!Q. t~lk~d, but to declare in season and out of season that this Three-Year Evangelistic Campaign problem must be solved and that projected two years ago has been carthere can not be and will not be any ried on with moderate energy. rupture of the relations of friendship and respect which have bound to- There has been a marked improvegether the United States and Japan ment in the relation of the Japanese e~er since Japan had any relations Government and the Christian Church with any Western power. in Chosen (Korea). Not only have the Japanese continued their remark- In Japan the year has brought able work in the improvement of government and people alike closer to every department of government and the ,sober fundamental moral problems of social and industrial conditions but of national life. Count Okuma, the Count Terauchi has shown most most nearly Christian of the elder friendly appreciation of the missionstatesmen, has become Prime Minis- aries and their work and of the ter, and his attitude toward 'religion, character and influence of the Korean and especially toward the Christian Christians. There have been frereligion, is far more serious and in- quent rumors that Baron Yun-chi-ho telligent than Prince Ito's ever was: and the two or three other Christians The old hostility of the Educational who alone were convicted of the Department to Christianity has largely scores of Korean Christians tried for disappeared and the bureau of re- conspiracy, might be pardoned. In ligion has now been associated with any case there have been no other this department in recognition of the charges or rumors such as were freessential place of religion in ethical quent while General Akashi was in education. Buddhism has suffered Korea, and on the other hand the a great deal in public esteem through missionaries and the officials have the exposure by government prose- been on most friendly terms and the cution of the ecclesiastical authorities Seoul Press, June 30th, reporting a dinof the great Hongwanji temple in ner given by the Governor-General to Kyoto, who were accused of im- the missionaries, after referring to moralities and peculations involving past misunderstandings, declared in an many millions of dollars and result- editorial, "The success that attended ing in the finqncial ruin of one of the Count Terauchi's dinner is further wealthiest of the Buddhist establish- evjdence that good feeling is now ments. Christianity, on the other growing between the Governmenthand, has distinctly grown in the esti- General and the missionaries. This mation of thoughtful and earnest is very satisfactory; because we hope men. Baron Shibusawa, the foremost that the latter will continue in their business man and banker in the em- good work in the peninsula, which is pire, has been having teachers come certainly in need of disinterested ento instruct him in the Bible, and deavors for the moral and religious Count Okuma and others have said elevation of its people." quite openly that they see no solution of the race questions between the The Religious Need. of China United States and Japan except through the Christian religion. The The events of the year have in no wise diminished a similar moral and religious need in China. The repub- missionary reports conditions which lican forms of government and the are typical: democratic yeast upheaving the ac- "As I look back over the trip, the one tual administration and institutions thing which remains most clearly in my of the land have temporarily disap- mind is the new eagerness on the part of peared, but human thought can not these many people to listen. I have be turned backward, and the new life often been in crowds during my life in has come to China to stay and to China, but never before in such listenwork out in Chinese ways the new ing crowds, never wh~n there were so destiny of the nation. The threat- many who seemed to come, not because ened establishment of Confucianism of curiosity, but because they wanted to as the State religion, with the abridg- hear about God. It is a very inspiritment of the principle of free relig- ing memory, and a very sobering one, ious liberty has ended for the pres- too, for how are we meeting this op- portunity? How are we entering into ent in the provision of certain cere- these new doors which God has so monial observances in Peking and a . wonderfully opened for us? Perhaps certain official emphasis on Confu- we .should meet it with the same prayer cianism, which has not hindered the that was overheard among the women in spread or the influence of Christianity, Meng Chen. A roomful were trying tc and which has not succeeded in memorize the Lord's Prayer. There putting any real vitality into the old was much noise and confusion, and one ancestral system of China. Some of faithful old soul, trying in vain to keep the Confucian propagandist organiza- up, finally went off to a corner, and she tions have dismally collapsed. Of the was heard there repeating a little prayer one thousand members of the Hong of her own. It was short, and she said it softly, again and again-"O Lord, Kong Confucianist association, only thankful and unworthy."

forty attended the meeting last sum- Progress in India mer, and the failure of the work was sorrowfully acknowledged. The results of the India census of 191I have appeared during the year, The war in Europe has given and show a growth of Christianity in China a breathing space. It has pre- India far in excess of the boldest vented its contracting any more for- missionary hopes. eign loans, which is a good thing, and it has allowed it to try to reor- The total number of Christians in ganize its government without the India at the time of the census was foreign machinations and exploita- 3,876,203, or 12 per mille of the popula- tions which of old made Peking a tion. During the decade since the pre- nauseous place. A new spirit breathes vious census, the increase was 32.6 per through the administration, and while cent., and the number of Christians has little more than a beginning has more than doubled since 1881. The probeen made, nevertheless it is a new portional increase is by far the greatest era that has begun, as anyone who in the Panjab, where there are now three has dealings with Peking can dis- times' as many Christians as in 190I; cover. in the Central Provinces and Behar the increase is 169 per cent., and in Hyder- The missionary opportunity remains abad, Assam, and the United Provinces undiminished. A country itinerating the increases are 136, 89, and 7S per cent., respectively. Lutherans, chiefly know the character and power of Islam found in Madras and in Behar and as never before; 3. The political power Orissa, have increased by 41 per cent., of Islam has collapsed and almost all of and Methodist adherents are two and a the Moslem world is under Christian half times as numerous as a decade ago. governments; 4. The social and intel- Presbyterians have achieved even more lectual status and standards of Islam are remarkable results. With r81,000 ad- changing; 5. There is a present-day herents they are more than three times spiritual crisis and opportunity in Islam.

as numerous as in 190r. The Panjab has shown a phenomenal increase among The developments of the year con- Presbyterians, whose numbers have firmed these statements. The old grown from 5,000 to 95,000 in the ten unity of the Mohammedan world is years. gone. Perhaps it never existed politi- cally to the extent that has been As to the effect of Christianity on the usually represented, just as it is sure converts, Mr. Blunt, one of the Census that it never existed theologically. Superintendents, draws attention to the The call to a Holy War, and the greater cleanliness of dress and habits union of Islam against Christendom, among converts as compared with the which has issued from Turkey has classes from whom they are drawn. "The fallen upon unheeding ears. The new convert, maybe, is no better than his predecessors; but a new generation, the children of the first generation of only Moslem people who enjoy peace, converts, is now growing up. . . . The justice, and prosperity are those who children of the converts, born in Chris- have lived under nominally Christian tianity, are .very different from their governments. Why should they reparents; their grandchildren will be spond to a call to follow leaders better still. It is this which provides the whose incompetence is written in the other side to the black picture so often tragedy of Mohammedan ruin and drawn of the inefficiency of Christian decay? conversion. . . . The Hindu fellows of these converts' have now to acknowledge, There are no adequate facts at not only that the Christians are in hand to show what advance Islam material ways better off than the Hindus may have made in Africa this year.

but that they are also better men." The In Persia, while Moharrem was ob- Mysore Superintendent, himself a Hindu, served with more zeal than for some says, that missionaries work mainly years, it seems to have been the zeal among the backward classes, and "that "not of the full faith but of the lurkthe enlightening influence of Christianity ing doubt." The Boundary Commisis patent in the higher standard of com- sion was locating the disputed line fort of the converts, and their sober, between Turkey and Russia when disciplined, and busy lives." the war broke out, and three weeks Interest in Mohammedans before Turkey began hostilities in the At the Student Volunteer Conven- Black Sea her Kurdish subjects tion in January Dr. Zwemer gave five crossed the newly defined line to atreasons for a new missionary interest tack the Russians in U rumia. in the Mohammedan peoples: ' The most interesting single fact 1. For the first time in history the among the Moslem peoples, apart whole of Christendom is face to face from the war, was the proposed ab- with the whole of Islam; 2. To-day we rogation by Turkey of the capitulation defining the rights and privi- scribed in the newspapers, and least leges of foreigners resident in the of all by Rustem Bey, but it prob- Turkish Empire. It is supposed by ably referred to the abrogation of many that these capitulations were extra-territoriality and customs imhumiliating regulations imposed on munities, such as Japan dealt with Turkey. by European nations, enforc- hy a reform of her codes and prisons ing the extra-territorial status of the and judicial systems and economic citizens of these nations, and abridg- administration, which secured a willing Turkey's sovereignty. Doubtless ing revision of their treaties by forsome abuses had grown up, and with eign powers and their relinquishment the desire of any nation, as Japan or of their former privileges. Siam, to exercise a full national autotlQmy, our people have ever sympa- It was the European war which thized. But the capitulations have seemed to afford Turkey an occahad a far greater significance than sion for her action, and for the last our ordinary thought has assigned six months of the year the war enthem, and they embody a long his- tered into everything everywhere and tory. It was not foreigners who im- is now affecting the life of the world posed them on Turkey. It was Tur- in all its renlotest recesses, and will Key who imposed them on her Chris- affect it forever. tian subjects and on foreigners. Indeed, we can go further back, and The Effects of the World-War find the extra-territorial features of the capitUlations in existence before There is room here only for brief the Turks conquered Constantinople. reference to some of the effects of and can see them taken up by the the gigantic conflict upon missions. Mohammedans as the only possible Indeed, this is all that is relevant or device for providing for the con- appropriate. tinued residence in the Mohammedan state of subjects whose presence the The immediate economic effects of Mohammedan rulers desired, but for the war were most embarrassing. The whom some exemption from Moham- cost of exchange advanced. In some medan law had to be provided. To fields it was impossible to get money abolish all the capitulations now to the missionaries at all. In lands would bring Turkey's Christian sub- where trade was chiefly export and jects and foreign residents under laws import, and whose revenues dependwhich prohibit peaceful relations be- ed upon duties upon such trad~, ..s tween Moslems and non-Moslems, re- in Chile, for example, a d~sastrous quire the latter to become Moslems commercial depression fell. TraNSor to pay tribute, and provide that portation was disarranged and, – in the collection of this tax be made some cases, as in Western Africa, harshly. Such a situation would be wholly ceased. The cost of all forimpossible, alike for Turkey and for eign . business increased through adother nations. And Turkey could vanced freight and insurance charges. – not contemplate it. The abolition Income from the customary sources proposed has not accurately been de- of fees, .contributions, etc., upon the mission fields decreased. And at home the first instinct on the part of men was the contraction and curtailment of gifts, threatening the cutting now, 'Turnhara Masih kahan ?-Where off of the home support of missions. now is your Christ? Why is it that Chris- Many of these difficulties have since tianity has failed to save Europe, and diminished. The industrial depres- even non-Christian India has to come to sion in most countries still continues, the rescue and help to stop this unholy however, tho not without its blessings war' Oh, it is sad indeed; our mouths if if leads nations like the· Latin- are shut. Dr. – – said to me two days American states to depend less upon ago, I haven't the heart now to preach export duties and on continual loans to the people of India. What can I say from Europe. In the United States, to them? Oh, pray for us and pray for happily, as during the Civil War, the the work here, that God may take care first instinct to cut down benevolent of it and remove this terrible reproach.'Y giving has been succeeded by a fresh recognition of the claim of the Chris- In Africa Dr. Cairns' forecast of tian principle of sacrifice, and it battles between Germans and British seems likely that missionary gifts on the African lakes, which missionmay increase not only in spite of aries discovered, and before the eyes the war but because of it. of African Christians, has been ful- fi:led. In Kamerun the poor people, The distressing influence of such dumbfounded by the sight of white un-Christian conflict between nomi- men fighting one another, have taken nally Christian powers upon the to the bush in terror, and the effect thought of the non-Christian nations has been made worse by the incitewas at once perceived and deplored. ment of African tribes to join in the The evidence of this influence has conflict, as the Indians were engaged been only too prompt and clear. "The in the early wars in America. It is sight of eighteen to twenty million all dreadful enough. And yet there men," says the Peking Gazette, "en- is another side to the picture. "I gaged in the brutish work of slaugh- believe on the whole," writes one ter-in the filth of blood-is indeed missionary, from India, "that the war a terrible commentary upon the in- has had a wholesome effect upon Influence of Christianity in Europe dia. These people out here are quite during the past nineteen hundred able to distinguish between real and years. The situation is so startling superficial Christianity, and as the in the contrast presented between war is making people sober and theory and practise, that a mere pa- thoughtful, I believe it will lead to a gan is surely permitted to ask, what great outpouring of God's Holy can our missionary reader urge in Spirit upon all flesh." defense of events now happening in 'Christian' E,urope?" The repudiation of Christianity by western civilization has also cleared One quotation from a missionary up a great deal of confusion in misletter is representative of many: sionary preaching, and restored to many a pure Christian gospel. As "What shall we say of this wicked, one missionary writes from China: this most unjustifiable war? Or to put it differently, what do the non-Christians "The war will have a very marked in India say of it? What answer can we effect on the whole work of the Church give when they say to us, as they do in foreign lands. I believe we will have a better Gospel to preach, however, when we disregard the argument of the great forward the work of the past years, it prosperity of those lands that profess can only be by the assistance of others. Christianity. The outbreak of innate The history of the societies concerned, savagery and brutality revealed through the large benefits in philanthropic, eduthis war makes us realize anew how the cational and evangelistic effort which most advanced modern sciences do not India has received from their labors, necessarily carry with them more of the make it imperative that all possible steps spirit of Christ. I believe on all mission should be taken to preserve the confields the missionaries have found them- tinuity of the work they are doing. selves driven back to a new study of the life and teaching of Jesus and a more "It is true that most of us are ourvital interpretation of many of His words selves feeling the strain of the present that were glossed over in compliance crisis. There has been curtailment of with the spirit of the age. Christianity our own efforts and the financial sky is will have to become more Christian." by no means clear. It may, however, be possible to give a personal monthly dona- One of the most dreadful conse- tion of at least Rs. 10 to enable our Conquences of the war has been the tinental brethren and sisters to carryon rupture of the international fellow- their work for India and Christ while ships which have been so laborious- the war lasts." ly built up, and to which the Edinburgh Conference made so great a Not altogether, thank God, have we contribution. In nothing have the lost the wonder of the early daysboasted glories of war more belied "Behold how these Christians love themselves ,than in their murderous one another." influence upon the larger human brotherhood. The unification of the Into what new world the war will Protestant missionary forces of the thrust us forth when at last its awful world has been halted, and greater thunders shall have died away no man difficulty has been developed in the can foretell. Shall we have a new R9man Catholic Church, whose bish- age of peace on furrowed soils where ops are arrayed across the gulf of ra- we have buried the armaments which -:. cial hate and war. But, on the other hand, whatever ties still hold acros~ have crusht mankind, or will the the chasms are the Christian ties, and statesmen who brought on the war Christians have been prompt to unite show themselves as impotent to learn to relieve those who have been left its lessons as they were to prevent its destitute by whatever nation. Some horrors? Shall there be a new comof the American missionary socie- pany of true nationalities each fulties, for example, have authorized filling its mission in the bonds of a their missionaries to give needed help world brotherhood? Shall the backto German and French missionaries, ward nations be helped unselfishly to and the National Missionary Council find their full place in the .human of India, whose president is the Ang- family? Shall the strong bear the lican Metropolitan, has issued an ap- burdens of the weak and not please peal for a "Continental Mission Re- themselves? To these and a score of lief Fund," in which it says: kindred questions the past year has answered, "No." Shall this new year "If Continental Mi~sions are to carry or some year after it, show itself worthy to be called a year of our Lord by answering, "By the strength of God, Yes?"

War and the Way

BY GILBERT A. BEAVER, NEW YORK HEN Schiller sang "all those who know the love of Christ were uniting, as never before, to show IWI ~en .sha~l b: brothers," its true meaning to the, world, and hls msplratlOn cam e when the races hitherto in ignorance from J e sus Christ. or in doubt about it were becoming ~ • Christ alone "has set eager to learn its application to them- forevermore in human selves-at this supreme time of tran- thought . . . the vision of a civiliza- sition, these races are called to wit- tion in which each man in every na- ness professedly Christian peoples in . tion shall wish for all men in all na- a life and death struggle of brute tions such a fair chance at all good force, and are even themselves drawn things as a man would like his broth- into battle on both sides of the de- ers to have."* This hope shines out in moralizing conflict. His teaching and in His prayers. It triumphs in His life and death, and This statement of actual conditions in His power to reproduce His char- is not meant to impeach the sincerity acter in others. or devotion of those on either side who believe that they are following The present world war brings in- the only possible course under the numerable contradictions of this hope. a p p a I lin g circumstances. Never- "Many international fellowships which theless, these very circumstances. and were contributing to its realization are their consequences must be considered now either shattered or are strained with courageous humility in order to the breaking point by the un- that all peoples may be helped to brotherly feelings and misunderstand- appreciate the better program of the i,ngs which war engenders. The Prince of Peace. If past wars have future is jeopardized, not only by the had results immeasurable and unfore- slaughter and malmmg of the seen, how much more should we ex- strongest, by the spread of disease pect far-reaching consequences from and misery, by the destruction of the present conflict, affecting, as it industries, and by the waste of great does, the entire world, and every- resources, but even more by the where stirring the thoughts and pur- moral degradation .which fo119wS poses of multitudes to unsuspected hatred, lust and other passions in- depths. No man can forsee what separable from war. hindrances may be raised, or what unparalleled opportunities may be Moreover, far beyond the imme- opened to the triumph of Christ. diate effects, criminations and recrim- But everyone who sees the only hope inations are everywhere breeding sus- of the future in His triumph is called picions, cynicism and despair of true by the very magnitude and complexity brotherhood., At the very time when of the issues involved to follow Co:~::::-'!' I~lot'l,:or~o~;~~or§t~fd~~tstc'ft~~~f;~ Federation" (page 32).

scrupulously His way of dealing with who ignore or limit His power lead them. the way to a new order of good will and righteousness in all the rf'- These issues can be understood only l<>tions of men and nations? How, as one appreciates, in the light of the on the other hand, can His folbest experience of himself and others, lowers lead the way if they are the transformation which Christ is careless in thought and speech, or waiting to complete in his own life, indifferent in faith and action, and the reasons for his own failur~ concerning great impending changes to reflect the brotherly character of in the social, industrial and po- Christ in any social, business, or litical fabric either of their own political relation. Is not the present community or of the world. "The war merely the multiplication of such spread of industrialism, with its failures? Undoubtedly more indi- struggle between capital and labor, viduals and nations are in some way the unification in political ideas, the responsible than have yet realized transformation of the status of their part in this world catastrophe. women, the triumph of the scientific But the way of escape is not found method in study, the practical by seeking first to fix responsibility standardization of education from lIpon others. Our Lord's condition the kindergarten to the university, for clear vision requires rather that are working changes in society beeach one should first cast out of his side which the differences of race, own life any feeling or motive which, history, climate, and even inherited intensified and multiplied, would in- religion seem almost incidental. crease unbrotherly relations between Western civilization is conquering the different classes or races. Moreover, world as it has conquered Europe and His commands to seek first our America. Will the Gospel conquer Father's Kingdom of brotherly love civilization? That is a vastly more and His righteousness, and to pray comprehensive question than whether that His will may be done on eardl it can conqtler Buddhism, Brahmaneven as it is done in Heaven, de- ism, or any other of the Asiatic remands the study and readjustment of ligions."* In the present plight of personal habits and purposes. These civilization, this central question commands of Christ require also that should drive us to Christ, Himself. His followers grapple with great All else has failed. This is the time issues which are involved in His pro- to try conclusively, to an extent gram for the world. never before attempted, both the preparation and the methods of If believers in Christ flinch from Jesus Christ. facing these personal and social questions in the spirit of His self-sacrifice, Christ'. Methods and Our'. what hope is there of any solution? In all history Christ alone has Because He came to give help to brought real brotherhood among men, not through His ethical teaching, men rather than to angels, therefore merely, but by the transforming "it behooved Him in all things to be power of His spirit in the life of made like unto His brethren, that individuals. How then can those "Dean Shailer Mathews, International Review of Missions, page 438.

· THE WAR AND THE WAY OUT

He might become a merciful and hopefulness. On that night of suffer- . faithful" representative of the people ing when the fear of Jewish hatred in sympathizing prayer. So much and Roman power was soon to at least, of the larger truth of the scatter His followers, Jesus prayed, Letter to the Hebrews applies to every with far-seeing faith, not for them one who would help to realize only, but for those also who would Christ's vision among men. In the believe on Him through their word. home where His own brothers did His prayer at the grave of Lazarus not believe on Him, in the car- suggests that He prepared for and penter shop and in the village life even accomplished His greatest works of despised Nazareth, as well as in when alone with God in prayer. It His crowded ministry, He identified throws light upon the way in which Himself with men of various occu- He often spent the night or early pations and points of view, was morning in a solitary place with His tempted as they were, and "learned Father. This was His habit after, obedience by the things which he as well as before, important events. suffered," in order that He might He also conserved His work in combe :liorever merciful and faithful to munion with God. tl1em. Of the perpetual work for which He thus prepared we are told Prayer was to Christ the means, that "He ever liveth to make inter- not only of helping individuals, but cession," and that thereby "He is of dealing with intricate social able to save to the uttermost." His problems. Then He had been· healcontinuing life of prayer is empha- ing, teaching, and preaching in the sized also in the Letter to the Ro- cities and villages of Galilee, and was mans as a ground for confidence in moved with compassion for the disthe ultimate triumph of the love of tressed and scattered multitudes, He God in a vast family of brothers.l saw with deeper insight than His disciples that the real difficulty was By this constancy in helping others not with the multitudes: "The harvest through prayer, Christ enforces the indeed is plenteous, but the laborers teaching and example of His earthly are few." For this reason, He turned life, and calls us to our most im- to the fundamental lack, and' comport.ant service. In Him we see manded: "Pray ye therefore the Lord that, as other duties vary with chang- of the harvest, that he send forth ing circamstance, and call for clear laborers into his harvest." This thinking and courageous sacrifice, diagnosis is correct for the world the duty of prayer for others, as well as of personal communion with God, to-day; this remedy applies to ill must always be given primacy in order to insure the right preparation social disorders. Christ goes to the and performance of all else. heart of present problems when He calls His disciples to pray for At the great CrISIS in Simon laborers who share His spirit ami Peter's life, Christ first prayed for who will employ His methods. him, then warned him with loving Shall Christ-like leadership, on 'See Romans 8: 26·39, Weymouth's translation which everything e1s'e depends, come into modern speech. to Church and State at home and abroad? Shall it come out of the

tribulation of Europe and the un- based on scholarly and world-wiele rest of Asia? "The laborers are few, investigations. In. the light of recent pray ye therefore." Shall the leaders events, these conclusions become a of the coming day be delivered from prophetic challenge, calling us to a false ideals, from selfish ambitions, more absolute dependence upon God, from habits which make men slaves? and to an undisc0urageable practise "This kind can come out by nothing, of prayer, such as the first followers save by prayer." Shall they learn to of Christ learned directly from Him. work by prayer as the first apostles had to learn to work before they "The Apostles were driven· back could accomplish lasting results? on their memories of the Lord, they The laws of spiritual life have not were driven into closer fellowship changed since the first century. with Him, because the opportunities and the dangers of their task taught Since then, however, the tempta- them the insufficiency of all their tions to depend upon material re- past discoveries of Him. New faith sources and upon merely human in- is always born out of new emergenfluence and organization have become cies. .. . The historic peculiarity of more subtle and insistent than ever. the present situation is that, after Shall this disastrous dependence be long neglect, the Church is once again continued in the present extremity of facing the emergency. The age~ the world's need, and notwithstand- which flinched from facing. that ing its revelation of human in- emergency were necessarily shut off sufficiency? In transformations of from . . . the pressure of that excharacter, Christian activities to-day, tremity of need which is God's optho more numerous than ever, have portunity of revelation. To-day we proved with instructive exceptions, stand in that extremity once more. comparatively fruitless and fragment- . . . We have before this present ary. Prayer can fill all these ac- generation one of the greatest perils tivities with the transforming power and one of the greatest opportunities of love and unity. The need in the of human history. . . . As compared present collapse of man's devices is, with the numbers, the resources, and therefore, not merely to mUltiply the organization of the Church toactivity and money, but primarily to day, the Church of old was but a multiply prayer, the secret of all feeble thing when it adventured forth fruitful activity. into the great arena of the empire to win it for God. But in its faith in The Verdict of Leaders God, in Christ, in the Spirit, in the power of prayer, in its love, and in This need is expressed in many its unity, its life was of a nobler tone. ways; in none, perhaps, more im- It was able, therefore, to believe in pressively than in the independent victory, and so victory came, however conclusions of representative states- partial that victory might be. . . . men, educators, and leaders of the So only can the Church of to-day Church in all lands who served on rise out of its divisions and compardifferent commissions of the Edin- ative impotence. . . . Weare back burgh Conference. Their conclusions once more in the ancient condition. are particularly noteworthy because

WAR AND THE WAY OUT

Duty has led us into extremity, and may have a real share in the' mis- extremity casts us upon' God."2 sionary labors of the Church if they "Every grave crisis in the expan- will give themselves to the mighty sion of Christianity which has been ministry of prayer. It is the successfully met has been met by highest effort of which the human the faithfulness of Christ's disciples spirit is capable. Proficiency and in the secret place. That there is power in prayer cannot be attained a necessary connection between the without patient continuance and prayers of Christians on the one much practise. The primary need is hand, and on the other hand, the not the multiplication of prayer revealing of Christ's plan, the meetings but that individual raising up of workers, and the Christians should learn to pray. If releasing of the great spiritual forces this work is to be taken seriously, of the Kingdom, is a fact as clearly the hour of prayer must be definitely established as any fact can be estab- set apart and jealously guarded in lished. The Church has not spite of weariness and many dis- yet discovered, still less begun to tractions.'"

realize, the limitless possibilities of Essential Conditions intercession. How to multiply the The conditions for effective prayer correspond to the conditions for number of Christians who . . . will Christ-like character. They can be learned in no easier way than Christ wield this force for the conversion Himself found necessary. We must take time and pains to be human in and transformation of men, for the the deep and broad sense in which He became human. We must share inauguration and energizing of spiri- His sympathetic contact with our brother's need as well as His intimate tual movements, and for the breaking communion with our Father. "To get to man by way of God, and God down of all that exalts itsel f against by way of man, is the only way to keep the entire health of the soul." Christ and His purposes-that is the A life of prayer grows rich, strong and free from strain in proportion tn supreme question of foreign mis- the closeness and constancy of Iel-' lowship with Christ in His ministry sions."3 to men. In no other way can we share His sympathetic insight into "The greatest leaders of the mis- the deep needs and latent possibilities of individuals, and exercise through sionary enterprise have been men of Him a transforming faith on their behalf. This is a matter not merely prayer. The volume of testimony is of the affections and the understand- ing, but of the will. "If any man overwhelming that 'Prayer is power.'

. . . The missionary enterprise has led many adventurous spirits to ex- plore unknown territories and tread unbeaten paths. The same spirit of adventure is needed to discover the wealth and resources of life in God.

The work of evangelization must wait until Christian people resolutely set themselves to put to the proof 'the availability of God for faith. Many who cannot go to the mission field .2 Commission IV. "'The Missionary Message." 'Commission VI. "The Home Base of Missions," Chapter VII, General Conclusions. Chapter I.

·Commission T. "Carrying the Gospel to all the non·Christian World." Part III.

willeth to do his will, he shall know so leads into the deepest experiences of the teaching." "If ye abide in me of Christ's heart and mind. May and my words abide in you, ask not, therefore, a loving Father well whatsoever ye will." condition His own activity upon the prayers of His children in order that These are Christ's conditions also they may learn to think and desire for dissolving doubt. The way to and achieve with Him, in the fellowdiscover the real possibilities of ship of His Son, and so have His prayer is to learn from Christ its Spirit become their disposition. Jn true nature and requirements, and to this way only can they be fitted for follow Him in its daily practise. Let the greatest usefulness. The un-' a man begin to pray so far as he conscious influence of Christ-like honestly can, even if at first he character has proved more pervasive seeks' only to know God and to be and potent for the real transformareconciled to Him. But let him not tion of individuals and races than hesitate to pray for others because has all the knowledge and power of of any supposed conflict with a fixed self-sufficient men. order of nature. By persevering to follow Christ in prayer, he will Enlisting Others learn that- God is "in some vital sense a personal being, and, therefore, can When the character of Christ is do what other persons can do. reflected in daily living, and His namely, put a thought into the mind practise of private prayer is made a of a man. This opens a wide door great reality, the desire and purpose for answer to prayer, because almost to pray will be communicated to all of the petitions we ever have oc- others also. After Jesus had becn casion to make to God are such as praying in a certain place, one of can be answered by His producing his disciples said:. "Lord, teach us feeling and thought in the mind of to pray." Unselfish prayer will lead some man."5 Prayer moves in a tiS also into the most sympathetic and realm where its laws can be verified helpful relations with our fellow only by experiment. men. Like Christ, we should identify ourselves with those for whom we In this time of testing for men and pray, and also with those who pray nations, the needs of the world and with us. No kind of meeting for of one's own soul call for great ven- prayer seems more neglected in our tur.es in prayer for others. Men wait day than that for which Christ refor faith to gain mastery of them- peatedly set the example, and espeselves, for love to make real brother- cially promised His presence-the inhood possible. Nothing purifies and timate meeting "where two or three strengthens both faith and love like are gathered" in His name. Shall definite, persevering prayer for not our Lord's promise be appreothers. Nothing brings men so in- ciated and given more constarit fultimately into friendship and co- filment in daily life by taking operation with God; because nothing advantage of the opportunities for prayer with one or two others which 'See further, "Can Prayer accomplish anything will surely come if we are praying aoart from the man who prays?" an address by Dean Bosworth, published by the Laymen's Mis· sionary Movement, New York City.

and watching for them, and also by country move us to pray that their making regular appointments for sacrifices may not be made in vain prayer? Many who hesitate to take by bringing only a deceptive peace the initiative are eager to respond. which will prepare for deadlier war- Immeasurable influences will flow fare. Christ offers the on(y alter- from even two learners who have native. Therefore, let us pray that, each other's confidence, and are through the sufferings and disillu- uniting at any cost to cooperate with sionments of this war, men and Christ in praying for any who need women of all nations may find in help–for those bearing large respon- Him the undying love and the per- sibilities and facing far-reaching de- suasive righteousness which He cisions, as well as for the tempted, reveals and makes possible. How perplexed and discouraged. When a can lasting peace ever be established group meeting for this purpose grows.. without these great essentials of en- in numbers, it can often multiply its during character and government?6 influence by dividing, and thus escape the danger of formalism. In making the objects for prayer vivid to the minds of those who have Such groups will prepare the way met for intercession, care is necessary for larger meetings for united inter- lest too much speaking take the place cession, which should broaden the of sufficient time given to prayer horizon and enlarge the sympathies itself. Moreover, no amount of time by presenting vividly great needs and spent in united prayer can compensate objects for prayer. For instance, the for the loss of adequate preparation unusual opportunities and difficulties in secret, on which Christ laid such of real brotherhood, now arising from stress by His teaching and His ex- deep dissatisfaction with things as ample. This alone will increase they are in Europe, in Asia, and in vicarious prayer; without it public our own land, and the consequent prayer and talk about prayer becomes need for right leadership, and for empty and even repellent. When the true missionary spirit as "a moral Charles Simeon had given private equivalent for war," should be prayer the chief place in his life, brought home to men concretely until and let nothing interfere with its they realize their own responsibility daily practise, students of Cam- and insufficiency. Then experiences bridge University came to his rooms like those of Abraham Lincoln will week after week to learn the ways . follow: "I have been driven many of God with men. He had won his times to my knees by the overwhelm- battle with sloth by forfeiting a ing conviction that I had nowhere sovereign every time he allowed his else to go." No one comes to his hahit of prayer to be broken. He fuIIest dependence upon God, or to the literally prayed his way through op- most effective practise of prayer, position and ill-treatment at Cam- until he faces an urgent need, and bridge, and for fifty years profoundly . realizes that only God is sufficient. Shall not the very hopelessness of 8 Many have been helped in the present· emer~ multitudes who are now paying the gency by '4Aids to Prayer," a cycle for daily use in full measure of devotion to their view o~ alI that is involv~d in this war. (Mi~lionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth. Avenue, New York, 20 cents lIer dozen, or $1.00 per Iltuldted.)

influenced students to enter the min- same seriousness and strength of purpose that it has devoted to other istry and the mission field. Well forms of Christian effort, it will see the Kingdom of God come with might Lord Macaulay, looking back power . . . The call that is most urgent and most insistent is that on his own student days, say of Christian men and women should deeply resolve to venture out and Simeon, "His influence extended make trial of the unexplored depths of the character and resources of from Cambridge to the most remote God."7 Shall we not take Christ at His word, and individually and corner of England. His real sway unitedly conform to His conditions and commands for effectual prayer? over the Church was far greater "Enter into thine inner chamber, and having. shut thy door, pray to thy than that of any Primate." Father."

How best to encourage and direct 'JCommissio.n VI. "The Home Base of Missions."

prayer is the problem of the greatest undeveloped possibilities in the whole range of Christian service. Why has not this "whole subject .

yet received the careful thought and serious investigation that its import- ance deserves? When the Church sets itself to pray with the Some Aids to Prayer* FOR AMERICAN CHRISTIANS IN VIEW OF THE PRESENT WAR T HE situation occasioned by the great me consider with honesty and thor- war presents the largest and most in- oughness: sistent call to intercession which has ever Wherein my own patriotism has been come to the Christian people of America. The highest office of friendship is to help tainted by national glorification, our friends in the deepest things of life, suspicion, ill-will, or any manifestaand the deepest things of life are those tion of a selfish or unbrotherly spirit. which have to do with preserving a right Wherein I have been blinded by trarelation between man and God and be- dition or popular ~pinion to the tween man and man. Among the differ- moral and spiritual evil in warfare. ent ways of helping in the present world Wherein I have failed to exert my crisis, there is none which will compare influence, however limited, in favor in vital importance with that of wielding of basing international relationships the force of prayer. . . . upon righteousness and good-will. Wherein I have failed to show the love The cultivation of the habit of re- of Christ in discharging my social, flection on the character, wishes and re- business, and political responsibilisources of God will establish confidence ties and in fulfilling my personal in Him, lead to a better understanding obligations to those of other nations of His will, and help to ensure effective and races. prayer. Let me confess my sins and shortcomings I-My Own Attitude to my merciful Heavenly Father, in whom all men are brothers, and seek In the light of what is true and with the His full forgiveness. illumination of God's Holy Spirit, let "Extracts from a leaflet that may be had at 20 cents per dozen, or $1.00 per hundred, postpaid, from The Missionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

AIDS TO PRAYER

Let me give my life with new obedience That all who through this war are and daring faith to praying as my brought to poverty or hunger may feel Lord commands: Our Father, Thy the nearness of the Great Burden- Kingdom corne, Thy will be done on bearer, and that those who have the earth as it is in heaven. . . . comforts of life may be led in the spirit of Christ to' provide effective II-For International Justice and relief. Good-will That they may realize as never before That all who mold public opinion or that through Christ alone can races have authority in the warring nations and nations corne into right relations may be purged of every evil motive, with one another, and may devote endowed with clear and balanced themselves to accomplishing His all- minds, given the needed courage and sufficient program for the world.. humility to uphold what is right and follow what is true, and be restrained V-For Christians Everywhere from whatever would hinder the early establishment of a lasting peace. . . . That the hearts of Christian people may be lifted above all tumult and strife to That those in positions of influence or God in His majesty and love, and that power in neutral nations may be given through this time of stress the bonds an impartial, unselfish and righteous which unite those who are in Christ attitude toward the nations in mortal may be maintained unbroken. . . . combat, and may be alert and wise to seize every opportunity for promoting That the present experiences may con- a new international understanding vince Christians everywhere of the founded on principles of cooperation sins which make war possible; may and justice. . . impres's upon them the wide range of their civic and political responsi- III-For Those Who Are Fighting bilities. . . .

That the soldiers and sailors engaged in That they may be especially eager and the present conflict may be kept from wise to lead those who are tempted, yieldirrg to lust, vainglory, revenge, perplexed or discouraged to the source or other unholy passion, and that in of strength, wisdom, and hope in Jesus the midst of peril they may be bold Christ, our Lord. through life or death to put their trust in God. . . . VI-For Christian Work Throughout the World ~ That those who minister to the physical or spiritual needs of the sick and That non-Christian peoples may be able wounded may manifest more and more of the sympathy, skill and faithful- to distinguish between certain motives ness of Christ Himself. which lead to war and the unselfish IV-For All Affected by the War purpose of the Prince of Peace, and, That those who are bound by ties of blood or friendship to the men in the by the very tragedy of what is at fighting forces may cast all their cares upon Jesus Christ, and be brought variance with His will, may be im- through the fellowship of His suffer- ing to give themselves with abandon pelled to seek first His Kingdom and to praying and working for a civiliza- tion that shall realize His vision. . . . His righteousness. . . . .

That all missionaries and Christian workers may be granted, in this time of anxiety and suffering, an unfalter- ing faith in God and in His all-em- bracing plan, and may sanctify them- selves anew for Christ-like service in

the difficulties' and opportunities which vance of His Kingdom falters, the challenge their faith. victories that wait for reinforce- ments. . . . VII-For the Missionary Spirit That by the self-sacrificing loyalty of That those who are fitted in mind and heart for Christian leadership may be millions to their country, Christian preserved amid the perils of war and people everywhere may be inspired disciplined by its hardships for a more with complete devotion to undertake faithful and effective service in the the spiritual conquest of the woricl for caus'e of Christ. Christ, and to win, wherever the ad- Missions and Militarism BY WILLIAM C. ALLEN, SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA WELL-KNOWN mis- stood with fixt bayonets over it the sionary from China re- various Christian faiths would have cently illustrated the massacred each other long ago." handicap of western militarism upon mi<;- But not alone do the Oriental sionary effort by the Christians in the Holy Land come following incident. One day when under condemnation. We;tern Eupreaching upon "The Love of Christ rope and America are also recreant to and the Brotherhood of Christians," the sweet basic principles of love an old Chinese shambled up, struck which were emphasized by the Saan attitude in front of him, and in- vior, and were unqualifiedly confirmed terrupted with the question: by His early followers. "Vhere do you come from?" "The United States." Joshua Rowntree, M.P., in "Brute "Got any warships?" Force versus Brotherhood," has writ- "Yes." ten: "Christendom, to its lasting The old man gave a grunt of dis- shame, has been compelling the dain and shuffled away. My mis- Chinese by the fear of the partition sionary friend said to me: "That of their Empire to copy its own mort' sermon was spoiled-but what could efficient and exalted battle array, and I say?" iO introduce for the first time mili- A Jewish writer has declared that, "Above all, the war makers are the tary exercises into their schools. Ts favorites of Christian people." KiamiI Pasha, the recent head of it generally recognized that if China the Turkish Cabinet, speaking of the goes on arming and drilling up to bitter spirit manifested by Christians the European standards she will come at the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem to possess an army of thirty-six miltauntingly declared: "Had not Turkey lions of men?"

Sir Robert Hart, whose eminent services 011 behalf of the Chinese Empire are well-known, gravely sug- gested that China may some time use this force to compel Christian abroad and at the same time help to nations to disarm. He asks, "Could furbish the sword at home? Does any satire be more severe on the she preach Jesus as the exponent of militarism and mammon worship of eternal Love to the pagan and at the Christendom ?" same time, without protest, allow her A Tokyo newspaper rises up in statesmen menacingly to throw a judgment against Christian countries cruiser at his feet?

as follows: "It is well that mission- Why should the Church fail to aries and supporters of Christian trust the promises of the Prince of missions to 'the heathen' should know Peace? Why should she not every- that the Oriental mind now defines where testify to the reality of her Christianity as battle-ships, cannons, conviction that preparation for war and rifles, devised and constructed -which in spite of lame reasoning for the plunder of the earth. The to the contrary both psychologically bleeding figure on the Cross which and physically makes for strife–is missionaries hold up to the view of outside of the Gospel and is admit- non-Christian peoples gets blurred out tedly a sin?

of their sight, for on their horizon The Friends-or Quakers as. they looms largely the figure of the armed are often called-have during a no- robber, with cannon and rifles level- table existence of 250 years had the led, threatening 'your country or your most extraordinary experiences in life.' " civil and international wars among Some acknowledge this is all too barbarous and civilized peoples, and true, but hopelessly inquire: "How yet not one consistent Friend during can we help ourselves? Can we dis- all that period has lost his life on arm? Is not the thought Utopian?" that account. Does God really take In the first place let it be said that care of those who put their trust in if the big international combinations Him? If we prepare for war, we of military men, manufacturers .of will have war-as the European situ- armaments, contractors, and the ation amply proves-if we prepare "armor-plate press," all of which for peace we will have peace.

make prestige or millions out of this The modern missionary is an am- un-Christianlike business, fail to bassador of peace. Trade does not cease manufacturing their war-scares so much follow the flag as it does or do not stop their poverty-creating the path blazed by the missionary.

work, no doubt democracy at no dis- The Japan Mail has acknowledged tant period will compel them to do that "no person has done as much as so. Labor unions, educators, bankers, the missionary to bring foreigners and chambers of commerce, as never and Japanese into close intercourse."

before, are grappling with this ques- The late Samuel B. Capen, former tion. President of American Board of Where is the Church with all her Commissioners for Foreign Missions, home machinery and with all her quoted Sir Chas. Warren, Governor foreign mission work? Does she lag of Natal, who said: "For the pre- behind? Does she lack faith in her servation of peace between the col- Christ? Does she exalt trust in God onists and the natives one missionaI} is worth a battalion of soldiers." the very context of everything that Missionaries in many oountries have Christ ever did and said." He reproved their influence in shaping the minded his hearers that the success diplomacy of the world owing to of the world-mission is recognized their superior knowledge of local by its leaders to be closely wrapt conditions, combined with personal up with the preservation of concord reputations, which inexperienced gov- among the nations. ernment representatives or officials from abroad can not always com- The reports indicate that Amerimand.. can Protestants contributed in the year 1913 the sum of $16,398,000 to Under such circumstances a broad foreign missions. That is only a vision will indicate that the possi- trifle over the cost of a single battlebilities of the foreign missionary are ship. The same group of Protesalmost limitless. It is the oft-times tants, almost without thinking about failure of his friends at home to it, expend annually, by means of testify against the non-Christianity of direct or indirect taxation, many militarism that so frequently handi- times more than $16,398,000 for the caps him. He, of sheer necessity, most improved murderous machinery, preaches the fundamentals. He does and naval equipment, that will lie idle not preach so much the Mosaic law and useless unless they are used to as the Gospel of Christ, which is kill and mangle "Christians" or based on the fulness of love. Unless "pagans" for whom Christ died. Does the missionary can show his pagan not this fact unconsciously chill our critics-who nowadays know what hearts? Does it not affect our ability goes on in the world-the practical to contribute more money to the affect of the operation of that love missionary work of the Church of as indicated individually and inter- Christ? nationally in the land from whence he came, his ministry must often be The Oriental races, particularly, nullified. His home church, if it is should know the real spirit of to realize to the fulI a rich fruitage, humanity and brotherhood that animust itself proclaim against anything mates the Christian people of Amerthat is glaringly contrary to the ica who send missionaries among gospel it professes. The church has them. They will never know this. testified at home and in non-Christian and their cultured classes will never lands against the evils of intoxicants, be disarmed of suspicions regarding and thel"e are reasons as potent and the ulterior intent of our civilization, fundamental why it should declare until the church organizations more against the hideous damage and pas- fully repudiate militarism as being in sions of militarism. We must be essence antagonistic to the religion of consistently loyal to our Prince of Jesus Christ. Keen business men are Peace if we are to win men per- denouncing war for business and manently to Him. economic reasons. The churches must do the same from humanitarian. Dr. John R. Mott recently referred religious and missionary considerto the ideal of peace as being-Hin ations.

OFFICERS OF THE SHANGHAI Y. M.C.A., AND THE MEN AND RELIGION

Will Christianity Win?

IS THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD A REALITY OR A DREAM?

BY FRED B. SMITH," NEW YORK Former Secretary of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association CONFESS to having not. I still believe that, and would not turn aside even if no stronger evimI once cherished some dences had been forthcoming. But I sympathy with those am unspeakably thankful for the who have been bewil- impressions which have been vouch- dered by the practically safed in three tours to missionary – staggering task of pene- fields, bringing this program into the realm of actual reality. Nine years trating the seemingly bottomless pit ago I visited India; five years ago South Africa, and two years ago Asia of a bilIion souls, steeped for and South Africa. As a result I am fully persuaded that the evangelizacenturies in the superstitions of tion of the whole world is not only a moral and spiritual obligation upon non-Christian faiths. For many years those who call themselves Christians I held to a theological sympathy and cooperation with foreign missions be- cause I knew the program of spread- ing the G 0 s pel everywhere was right, whether it ever succeeded or "Mr. Smith returned not . long ago from a world tour which brought him in contact with the missions and missionaries of Japan, China, South Africa, and India. He did Dot go primarily upon a campaign of missionary promotion or investigation-a fact whicb adds something to tlle si~i.ficancc of hia conclusions. The impressions may also have been intensified by tbe fact that be has never been officially related to any foreign missionary soeiety, but haa been more taken up with home problema.

but I am filled with great joy in the placed upon "time" as well as eterdeeper conviction that it is being ac- nity, upon what result any given complished. I do not venture any faith may produce in helping people prophesies concerning the proportion to live their highest and best lives of growth in actual communicants to here and now, then the collapse of the the various churches. "iVhile that is old non-Christian faiths is surely forean important item, it is not the sover- told. Christian schools, colleges, unieign one. I do not see any spiritual versities, hospitals, doctors, and farmalchemy by which all the people of ers as well as evangelists, furnish the Orient will suddenly become good, an unanswerable argument for the happy and prosperous. All the peo- final universal reign of Christ. ple of Great Britain, Germany and the United States are not members of This unrest is not seen only in the the churches, or good, happy and Orient, for in a greater or lesser deprosperous, and yet, in spite of preva- gree it is everywhere. But wherever lent evils, there are in these nations the call is being sounded for democstrong evidences of the power of the racy, the rights of women, the proper principles of our Lord and Savior care of children, economic justice, J eSlls Christ. There are also signs and all human welfare, Christianity that the triumph of these same blest welcomes it with an open mind and truths is coming in the non-Christian a glad heart as a part of the Gospel lands. The activity of Mohamme- of Jesus. The absolute indiffetertce dans in A f ric a, of Buddhists in of traditional Buddhism, Mohammed- Japan, of Hindus in India, or of ism, Hinduism, Shinto and Confu- Confucianists in China can have no cianism to these appeals, as contrastpermanent effect on the ultimate re- ed with the alertness of the leaders sult. The sovereign principles of and exponents of Christianity to pro- Jesus Christ are destined to conquer mote them as a necessary result of the worI'd. This conviction is based their faith, leaves room for but one upon the following carefully thought- conclusion, namely that the evangelout impressions. ization of the world by the Gospel message is· to be a reality.

First: The openly admitted dissatis- Second: The character and quality faction of the leading men of the of the representatives of the non-Christian nations with the Church in the foreign field. results of the old religions. Not all who have gone as mission- At every point of the compass we aries to foreign fields have been men were brought into contact with the and women of exceptionally high unrest of the nations, with expres- character. There have been some sions of religion which have no solu- notable failures, for some societies tion for the real needs of living peo- have been lax in their selections. ple. So long as a religion professes But after ten years of close observato deal only with eternity, "Nir- tion I am persuaded that the avera.ge vana"-any kind of weird philos- quality is vastly higher than in the ophy may remain in the forum of home field. I am filled with confident debate. But when the emphasis is hope for the foreign missionary en-

CHRISTIANITY WIN?

terprise because, as a whole, the repre- Africa you must consult Rev. Fred- sentatives of the Church have so erick Bridgeman, of Transvaal." manifestly those elements which are necessary for victory. These men are all missionaries, and I believe that the sentiment is typical In the first place they are imbued of the impression being made by the with sacrificial devotion. God only knows the heart aches, the sorrows, c. S. LIANG, OF HONGKO NG the privations, the Gardens of Geth- Editor of the First Christian Daily P aper in China semane through which the conquering missionaries pass. They do not call major portion of those representing for pity, but I would be glad if the the C h u r chin the non-Christian inspiring thought could be grasped world. It is said that "knowledge is that these soldiers of the Cross at power," and if so it is not easy to the front are of that mettle which estimate the immense asset to the ·has always won mighty victories in Christian forces, which this thorough the world's great history. They have investigating habit of the missionaries to conquer climate, natural distaste is destined to be in the great final for alien and unlovely people, hostile struggle. social distinctions, bitter, unsavory reputations of Godless white men, In the third place, they are almost and superstitions steeped in centuries without exception people of deep perof traditions more binding than ever sonal religious experience. It is esknown in the West. Yet they stay sentiaLly no more spiritual· to serve , at their posts and win. This is of Christ faithfully in Borneo than it itself an omen of triumph. is in London. It is, however, quite possible to engage in . some form of , In the second place, they are for the most part careful students of the countries in which they serve. No one item was commented upon more often by the most leading men, native and foreigners, I met than this. A great educationalist in India said that the best·informed man concern.:. ing the whole life of that people was Dr. Robert A. Hume of Ahmednagar. A similar comment was made by a high official in Chi n a concerning Fletcher S. Brockman of Shanghai. Much the same thought was exprest by the Mayor of a Japanese City as to Bishop Merriman C. Harris of Tokyo. Even a stronger assent was given to this fact by the second highest officer in South Africa, when he said: UIf you want to get the most accurate facts about South

Christian work in London or New tion of the world when led by 22,000 York with a less degree of genuine people of such experience.

personal experience than is apt to Third: The rapid advance of the impel one to a similar task in the nati've Church. wilds of Borneo. Somewhere, some One can not soon forget the de- pression of earlier days when at- tempting to compute mathematically the conversion of the world by so many missionaries required, and so much money for each. The task L1pon that basis is for ever impos~ sible, and some harm may have un- wittingly been done by that method of reckoning. The deaths in the ranks of missionari es, the increase in population in the foreign fields and the limitation of financial resources made the outlook oppressive.

The present view that the problem is to be mastered by the development of "self-supporting, self-governing, self-propagating" spirit-filled church- es, and ' Christians of every kind, REV. C. NAKAYAMA has changed every tint in the Chris- Thirty-e"ight Years Methodist Minister in Japan tian horizon. On this plan there are already abundant evidences that by day, God spoke very definitely to the Grace of God the work can be these missionaries, and the dee p s done.

were stirred as they placed their all An old missionary in Japan intro- upon the altar for life or death. No duced me to the second or third con- one can be with any of them vert he had baptized. This convert very long without feeling the sense Was the pastor of a church of 2,626 of this power. Everyone of them members, where not one dollar of has 'gone out expecting to win. Even foreign inoney had been expended.

r'educed to the lowest terms of human Examples of this kind are found in energy only, this becomes almost in- many places, and teU with gladness vincible; but when we add to that an that we are beginning to see over the unfailing faith in the supernatural hill of this program. The West !Ieed power of Jehovah, there is left no not weary itself by attempting to Language for expressing defeat. We compute ,the outcome according to may ,as well prophesy about , the seemingly impossible n u m b e r s of heavens falling, the Bible disintegrating; or Jesus Christ being ad- missionaries ' or dollars. Wh ~ tit ~itted a myth, as to 'take account of any reCkoning~ ~cept for a ' final mu~t d,oi~to. 's~ndout enough strong leaders fo ' teach ' ,and inspire this grow~ng native 'church; ' and t~ suP: glorious victory for the evangetiza- port these' leaders -Wen :enough thaf

they may do their best work unham- and writing out the specified requirepered. One hundred glorious years ments to encompass the entire task of this effort have written the spirit- in a reasonable time. At the same ual romance of church history. God time another group of messengers, only knows how fully the consum- quite independent of the fi rst, have mation may be realized if the twen- been preaching with unwonted pastieth century Christian Church at sion the doctrine of stewardship. The home' will prove true to this present men of the Vest are under its spell vIsIon. as no generation has been in the his- tory of man. The Orient calls and Fourth: The Renascence of Stew- declares its need, the Occident hears ardship. and is answering with the sinews of war. A man must be blind to the God never causes only one thing to most signal manifestations of God happen at a time. Somewhere in His who fails to seein this the omen of wisdom the complement is also always triumph for the cause of Christ. being prepared. When Martin Luther was pleading in the Diet of These and many other tokens move Worms for freedom, a western con- the Christian, heart to believe that tinent was being prepared as the right speedily Jesus Christ is to be arena in which to give the most made known unto the uttermost parts superb illustration of his doctrines in of the earth. The missionary proaction. This dual Providence can be gram is not an ethereal, sentimental, read in all history. Nowhere has effervescent dream; it is magnificent, this been more marked than in the hardy, worthy reality, and ought to coming together of two great chal- command large investments of life, lenges in the daybreak of this twen- prayer, thought, and money upon the tieth century. Upon one side of the part of all those who love the name world great engineers have bee n of Jesus Christ and await His apcharting the unevangelized regions pearing.

TYPICAL CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN WORKERS FRO,M TWENTY"THREE CH'URCHES U{ K0B!!=,. lAf'A?{

of a Woman Tourist*

GLIMPSES OF WORK IN EGYPT, CEYLON AND INDIA BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BOSTON, MASS.

I[IJN the American Mission missions we found in Egypt. The College for Girls in whole missionary work at Assiut is Cairo we met a beau- wisely planned and successfully car- tiful girl, whose face I ried out.

~ shall never forget, and Some men of wealth who have she was as charming given themselves to Christ have mar- as she was beautiful. She was ex- ried women who also have learned to quisitely refined, well educated, and love the Savior, and within the last is one of the most useful Christians two years such a baptism of God's in all Egypt. She is the daughter of spirit has come to them that those a very wealthy man and when she cultured women go out day by day first came to Christ she thought that to the poorest and lowliest of the every Christian ought to preach the peasant women along the Nile, and Gospel; but, she said, "I did not know sit down with them in their humble how to preach; so I began with the little villages to teach them of the farm laborers on my father's estate love of Jesus Christ. Those women up the river." From them she went believe the message, for they say: 011 always finding people to listen, and "It must be so or such people would she is now giving all her time and not come to tell poor people like us."

talent and wealth to help other girls At Kandy in Ceylon, where the and women to find Jesus Christ. great Buddhist temple is supported At Assiut we visited two fine by gifts of tourists, we saw some re- schools, called United Presbyterian markable English mission work on schools, but which the missionaries the rubber estates. A young Oxford said are not theirs. The schools were man has gone there to work among in two old palaces belonging to two the poor coolies and he told us rich Egyptian gentlemen who had quietly of the five thousand Christians built other palaces up the Nile. These in the native churches. Last year men said, "These houses have been in they did not ask money from the our family a long time and we do not mission but from their poverty paid wish to sell them, so we will turn Rs. 14,000 (nearly $5,000), in sup- them into Christian schools, one for port of their work.

boys and one for girls." Now the Dr. Ida Scudder at Vellore, invited boys' school has 300 pupils, and the her high caste patients from the girls' school a like number-both Zenanas to a party, while we were maintained by the Egyptian gentlemen visiting her. Three beautiful Moham- who are paying the salaries of the medan girls wished to come, but their American teachers. This is a sample father is a high official, and they had of the spirit of appreciation of the never been outside their own home.

*Extracts from address at Northfield, Mass., July 12, 1914. Since the girls could not attend the We found a case. The doctor at – – party Dr. Scudder suggested that we came to meet us in an automobile. g~ and see them. The oldest girl Of course we enjoyed it. It was repeated for us some musical Arabic much better than an ox-cart; but was poetry. The youngest recited a psalm it right for a missionary? The next in perfect English: "I will lift up day he proposed going over to the mine eyes unto the hills from whence leper asylum; and I wish you could cometh my help. My help cometh have seen the row of little white from the Lord, who made heaven houses, the bright bits of gardens, and earth." There are beautiful the quiet peace, and the sweet purple hills all about Vellore, but she Christian life of these poor sufhad never seen them. The lives of ferers. As we came away, the those girls, shut in tho they are, will Doctor said, "Isn't it fine that I can always be brighter because of their come over here so often? Having friends the women missionaries. this machine makes it possible. There are only two of us doctors at the At Guntur, there is one of the most hospital, and we are very busy with marvelous women in the world, Dr. our medical school. The Rajah gave Kugler, at the head of the magnificent it to me." So it was not a Presby- Lutheran hospital. They are just terian automobile at all! It w~s from building a large new wing and the a Hindu Rajah, who said, "There is Rajah has given a fine new inn for no one who can really understand and the friends of the thousands of pa- treat me as well as these Presbyterian tients. He gave it to the mission in missionaries, and it is such a trouble gratitude for the life of his son, who to keep sending my car for them and was saved in the hospital. Dr. Kugler it takes too long to bring them in slept for two weeks out on the veran- ox-carts in missionary fashion, so I da near the little prince, who she will give them an automobile." The feared would die. One night she doctor said, "We use it for visiting heard footsteps. She did not move, the lepers, too, and that sanctifies it." but listened, and in the dim light she saw the father, the Rajah of that At Lucknow is the wonderful great district, bending over the little Methodist school, the Isabella Thowhite cot praying, "Our Father who burn College, where are gathered not art in Heaven," and pleading for his only Christian girls but the girls from son's life. God gave the little son the college started by Annie Besant back and that father has given his in Benares. The story of her recent heart to Christ. He has not yet had trial and conviction has gone over courage to be baptized, but he will India, and the girls who were in her come. One could see everywhere the school have now been put in this love those people bear the women at beautiful Christian college in Luckthe hospital. now. There is nothing finer or more progressive in American colleges than We had heard frequent criticisms that group of college girls-no, not of the missionaries for their extrava- in WeHesley, Smith or Vassar. Of gance, and wanted to see to what course, we criticized a little, as that extremes they could go on their is always proper for tourists. We salaries of a thousand dollars a year.

said, "We understand that these girls ence in the sacred city of Benares are very well cared for here, that with Its revolting temples, but in the they do not live as they did in their great popular temple of the modern mud huts at home. Is this advis- city, Calcutta, under the shadow of able ?" "Yes," they admitted, 'it is the most popular idol, Kali, goddess true, because in this province there of blood, we were held by villainous are eight hundred young men to be Brahmin priests, whose evil faces graduated from colleges this year and made us shudder at the thought of a large proportion of them are Chris- falling into their hands. They demandtians. They are going to hold lead- ed money which we gave them, and ing places in this province, some finally with a sigh of relief we found will be called to very high positions, ourselves outside the gates. The and we have so many matrimonial filthy court was a veritable shambles applications that we· can not begin after the usual sacrifice of a thousand to supply them all. Those young goats to the goddess. The cheap men do not want girls who know booths with pictures of the hideous nothing but mud huts. They want idol, her red tongue hanging out, the women of intelligence and culture vile symbols, the groups of bold who can take their places with their painted women who serve in the husbands as educated Christian wo- Temple, and above all the wicked men." That seems reasonable, and faces of the oily Brahmin priests we were rejoiced to see throughout left a real and definite impression of Asia just this type of women-the the religion of India that can never "new woman" of the. East. be effaced by either Annie Besant's pleasant interpretations or by the So the mosaic grows, bits of bright- Hindu swamis who lecture to Ameriness taking lovely forms against the can women. For days we were black background of heathenism. It haunted by the horror of it. Not is a darkness that one. who has once did we see in any city or temple not seen can not fulIy understand. of India one pure, elevating, spiritual We four women traveled 30,000 suggestion. Heathenism has not miles with perfect ease, and with- changed since the first chapter to the out accident or fear. The only Romans was written. It will never time we were really alarmed, was in change until the pure Gospel of the the Hindu Temple at Kalighat, in Son of God shall come. Calcutta. We had a horrid experi- "The evangelization of the world in this generation is one of the most urgent of questions, because the moment in which we are living is perhaps the most critical of any in the history of the non-Christian races. The Christian races are permeating every part of the world for material profit. But if the best results to both Christians and natives are to follow this tremendous movement-if the Christian nations are to develop national wealth in peace and under the be"t possible conditions to all concerned-then they must caJ;ry the evangelical truths of Christianity to all these non-Christian people."

-The Right Hon. Viscount Bryce.

Christ's Missionary

BY HENRY W. FROST, SUMMIT, N. J.

Director for N Drth America of the China Inland Mission HERE has been in re- have Christians look high in order that they may live high; and He IDT cent years a marked would have them live high in order change in the kind of that they may lift others equally high. motive presented t a It is supremely important, therefore, men in order to induce to discover what the divinely given them to g i v e them- motives are. The Apostle Paul felt selves to missionary service. In many that these could be exprest in one quarters there has been a positive phrase: "The love of Christ"-that is, decline from the scriptural· and spirit- Christ's love for us-"constraineth ual to the selfish, or at least to the us." But other portions of the Word simply humanitarian. This has re- of God indicate that this one motive sulted in a weakness, both in the includes several others. These moappeal and in its results. It is true tives appear to be three in number. that non-Christian nations are in a It is our purpose to consider these, pitiable state, governmentally, educa- one by one. tionally, commercially, socially, and physically; and it is equally true that A First Motive nothing but Christianity will alter the existing conditions. But such condi- During the earlier portion of the tions do not constitute the appeal ministry of Jesus on earth, He spoke which God makes to His people when very little about missions; but after He urges them to Christianize the His resurrection, until His ascension, nations. The conditions above named He spoke of nothing else. This is a have all to do with the present tem- striking fact, especially as there were poral life and tho a total transforma- many other matters about which His tion might be secured in these re- disciples might have wished to have spects, the peoples so affected-as the Him speak in those last days and present condition of Japan demon- with which He might have desired to strates-would have been brought no occupy ~Himself. During the forty nearer to God than before. While it days of His ascension, one theme was is always true that Christianity civil- uppermost in His mind, and that one izes, it is never true that civilization burden lay most heavily upon His Christianizes. heart. His redemptive work having been accomplished, He longed to have If men are to be made inwardly His disciples proclaim the glad tidings right, and eternal security and bless- everywhere; hence He spoke of this, edness are to be obtained, divine mo- and of this alone. tives, leading to divine methods and results, must prevail. This is the Moreover, when ever our Lord disreason why God sets such high mo- coursed upon the theme of missions, tives before the Church. He would He always spoke as a master to his disciples, as a captain to his soldiers,

as a king to his subjects. At other men and gave them sight; another times He suggested, He exhorted; but was when He saw a leper and here, without equivocation, He com- touched and healed him; another waS manded. Not once did He explain when He saw a widow mourning the how He could demand what He was loss of her dead son and where He requiring; not once did He ask if raised that son to life; another was there were any arguments in answer when He saw the hungry multitudes to His proposals; in full knowledge and fed them; and the last was when of the terrible cost, without allowing He saw multitudes uncared for and any escape from the obligation im- asked His disciples to offer prayer in posed, He simply said, "Go!" their behalf.

In face of such a burning passion All of these passages are interest- and heavily imposed obligation, there ing, as revealing the heart of Christ.

is but one conclusion to reach; the He being the "God of compassion"

Church of Jesus Christ has no choice whose "compassions fail not." But as to whether she will or will not do the last passage is particularly inter- the thing ordered. One who has pur- esting, as it gives a view of present chased His people with His own world-conditions and God's thought blood, One who owns them in spirit, concerning them. For what was true soul, and body, One who is, indeed, that day in Galilee is still true the Master, Captain, and King, has posi- world over; and what Christ was, He tively commanded that His Gospel stiB is.

sha1l be preached throughout the As a result of His ministrations, world. Of course, the Church mav Jesus had gathered great crowds disobey, as, speaking generaily, sh·e about Him, made up of men, women, is disobeying. But under the condi- and children, who had now no place tions prevailing, this is high treason, to turn to for the night, and had and is at her present loss and future many physical and spiritual needs peril. The thing which Christ has still unsupplied. That Jesus had had commanded, is the thing which ought compassion upon the people all to be fully and immediately under- through the day, His words and acts taken. This, then, is the prime mo- attest. But now, seeing the multi- tive which God sets before Christians, tudes in such a pitiable condition, He individually and collectively, namely, had peculiar compassion upon them. that He who has a right to com- Then it was-these physical conmand has done so, and that the ditions suggesting the spiritual-that command, because of the Per son, the great heart revealed its longing, caBs for unhesitating, uncompromis- aud that there came forth the appealing, and continuous obedience, until ing, pathetic cry: "Pray ye therefore the task ordered is fuBy and finally the Lord of the harvest, that He will accomplished. send forth laborers into His harvest."

Christ ever looked on things with A Second Motive a divinely prophetic eye; and there Five passages in the Gospels speak was everything in that present view of Christ as moved with compassion. to suggest a wider vision. We can One was when Jesus saw two blind but think that not a little part of the

CHRIST'S MISSIONARY MOTIVES

emotion which Jesus experienced that which, in the divine economy, makes day was occasioned by the fact that the one and the other possible. As the multitudes before Him were a these passages are vital to our sub- picture of those other, greater multi- ject, we quote some of them without tudes which went to make up a lost comment: world, and also of those other, and "The Son of Man is come to seek and still greater, multitudes which were to save that which was· lost." yet unborn and which would go to make up the lost world which was yet "Other sheep I have, which are not of to be. So the heart bled out its grief; this fold; them also I must bring; and they shall hear my voice; and there shall and so the voice plaintively asked the be one fold (flock) and one shepherd."

help of man. And this same Christ is "Go ye therefore, and teach (disciple) ever looking down from Heaven's all nations."

throne, the same heart is ever feeling "Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature." its weight of compassionate wo, and "Ye are witnesses of these things." the same voice is ever pleading with "Ye shall be witnesses unto me both His disciples to see as He sees, and to feel as He feels. This, then, is in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in the second motive ·which God sets Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth." before Christians, namely, to enter "Delivering thee from the people (the into Christ's compassion for the lost. Jews), and from the Gentiles, unto whom souls and lives of men, and thus to now I send thee; to open their eyes, be moved as He was moved, and to and to turn them fro111 darkness to light, be constrained to do as He did. and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of A Third Motive sins." "That by me the preaching might be The Gospels, recording the earthly life of Jesus, are full of promises- fully known and that all the Gentiles mostly from the lips of the Master might hear." -concerning a coming which would "Blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be for the purpose of establishing be come in."

a Kingdom. The Epistles, represent- "And this gospel of the kingdom shall ing the testimony of the risen and be preached in alI the world for a witglorified Christ, continue this theme, ness unto all nations; and then shall and always give the same order, first the end come." the Coming and then the Kingdom. And at the end of the New Testa- "A great multitude which no man ment, a whole book-the Revelation could number, of all nations, and kin- dreds, and peoples, and tongues."

-is taken up with the expansion of Impressive as these passages of the now familiar thought, and tells Scripture are, and clear as their in detail how Christ will come, and teaching is to the effect that mission- what the Kingdom will be. ary service is related to all the world In addition, Gospels, Epistles, and and is for the purpose of gathering Revelation speak of a work to be to God an innumerable number of accomplished, which is preliminary people in preparation for the King to the Coming and Kingdom, and and the Kingdom, there is yet an-

other passage which is even more im- article, makes it clear what share the pressive and clear as related to the Church has in its fulfilment. To put same particulars. As if to remove it in a single sentence, it is this: God any possible misunderstanding in re- is visiting the nations, and Christians gard to the divine plan, the Spirit have the high privilege of visiting led to the declaration and preserva- them with Him. He goes forth, in tion of words which tell us what God the persons of the missionaries, not purposes to do in this present age in to "convert" all the world-since not preparation for the age to come, and all men will accept of Him-but to what part the Church is to play in gather out from it a willing people, the fulfilment of the purpose so an- heavenly in quality and innumerable nounced. We refer to Acts IS :13- in quantity, which shall be to the 18. There James, quoting Peter, is glory of His name throughout time the spokesman, and the great Apostle and eternity. Manifestly, this preconfirms his utterance by stating it paratory work will bring to pass the as a foundation truth that "known event which is described as following unto God are all his works from the it, that is, the Coming of Christ. This beginning of the world." He thus then is the final motive which God says: sets before Christians, namely, to go forth everywhere, preaching the good "Simeon hath declared how God at the tidings to every creature, in order first did visit the Gentiles to take out of that the Church may be made comthem a people for his name; and to this plete and that the King and the Kingagree the words of the prophets; as it dom may come. is written, After this I will return and will build again the tabernacle of David, The Effect of Scriptural Motives which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set These three divine motives, the it up; that the residue of men might command, the compassion and the seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, Coming of Christ, are worthy of upon whom my name is called, saith the being accepted by the noblest and Lord, who doeth all these things." most devoted of men; first, because they represent spiritual and eternal Here, then, is a divine utterance truths; and second, because they and program which set forth the make for the highest glory of God following facts in the following or- and the greatest good of mankind. der: First, a present work of grace No other motives are so uplifting in which God visits and gathers out, and purifying to the person who is preeminently from the Gentiles, a moved by them, and no other motives people for His name; second, the are so sure of divine favor and blessreturn of Christ; third, the restora- ing in their exercise. There is enough tion and establishment of the Jewish power in these motives, singly and theocratic kingdom with its attendant collectively, to raise the missionary worship; and fourth, the salvation in propaganda above everything earthly, the Kingdom-age of the "residue" of selfish and narrow, and to place it, the Jews, and of "all" the Gentiles where it ever belongs, upon the upon whom God's name shall be plane of the heavenly, the spiritual called. And this program, in its first

and the infinite: Moreover there is ese in Toronto. There seemed nothenough potency here to turn the "for- ing to hinder her proceeding to China. lorn hope" of present-day foreign But as we talked, my growing conmissions, in which a Gideon's band fidence was suddenly arrested when of men and women are bravely fight- Miss Stayner unexpectedly declared ing on against overwhelming odds, that there was one difficulty in her into an ever-victorious army of the way which was insurmountable. Church, where the battle will not only be fought but will .also be won, and "I have to confess," she said, "that where the end of saving the elect, and I do not love the Chinese. They are thus of bringing back the King and so ignorant and dirty!" bringing in the Kingdom, will be surely and speedily brought to pass. This was a real obstacle, especially For what foes on earth, or what as she had been working among the demons in hell, could stay the on- Chinese. But in spite of it I replied: ward progress of a people which had determined, in the power of the Holy "Do you know, Miss Stayner, I do Spirit, to obey Christ's command, to not think that the question whether or show forth His F compassion, and to not you love the Chinese is the one press forward with uplifted faces to to be considered; it seems to me that the rapturous and victorious meeting the real question is whether or not with Him who one day will descend you love the Lord." with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of At this, her eyes kindled, and she God? Such motives as these are not exclaimed: "Oh, yes, I do love Him!" simply constraining; they are invincible and triumphant. "Then," I said, "if you love Him, how can you do anything else but An Illustration obey His command, and go?"

Some years ago, a young woman She looked at me earnestly, and of Toronto-a Miss Stayner–came to said: "Do you think, then, that I confer with me about the possibility may dare to go?" of her serving in China. She had heen born and bred a gentlewoman; "Under the circumstances," I re- plied, "I do not see how you may and had had im exceptionally good dare to stay."

education both in Canada and A few days later Miss Stayner Europe; she was an heiress'; and, applied to the Mission; and a few being an orphan, she was free to months later, shortly after her accome and go as she might choose. ceptance for service, she went on her As our conversation advanced I per- way to the field. ceived that she was a young woman of great devotion, having turned her Miss Stayner was not, however, back upon all social allurements and to have the easy time in China which havin~ committed herself to. an many missionaries experience there. earnest and self-sacr~ficing service for At first she was located at the inviting Christ, including work for the Chin- station of Wenchow, where she en- tered into an old, well-developed, and very promising work. She made re- markable progress with the language and she gained the confidence and love of the people. But one night, when she was staying with her Bible-

woman at an out-station, she was "Oh," she answered, "I had forsuddenly aroused from her sleep by gotten that I ever said that; but that lights and voices, and discovered that was before I knew the Chinese; I robbers had forced their way into her love them all now!" room and were stealing whatever they could lay their hands upon. Miss A few years later Miss Stayner Stayner protested, whereupon one of became affiicted with a climatic disthe robbers struck her with a bamboo ease, which is terrible in its process pole. Later, she and the Bible-woman and effect, and it soon became evident escaped from the back of the house, that she must leave the country. She and, clad as they were and in the cold went to a certain "Spa" in Germany, of the winter night, they fled over the where happily she got better, and at hills to a clump of trees and bushes last was able to go back to her muchwhere they hid themselves from view. loved work. Later, her old trouble There they remained for a long time, returned and for a considerable time chilled and horror-stricken, until the she fought against it and would not robbers had sacked their house and give up. But at last it was a question departed. They were found by some of life and death, and she reluctantly of the villagers and were brought took her way back, first to Germany back to their almost ruined home. and then to England. Here, her Miss Stayner was seriously affected, strength gradually failed, and, finally, and it became necessary that she she finished her earthly course by should visit Shanghai for quiet and falling asleep in Christ. It was my rest. Just at that time I visited that privilege to see our friend during place, and, one evening, I asked her this last visit. She was, in spite of about her work and her recent ex- her youth, a physical wreck, her hair perience. After the tale had been being gray, her face being thin, and told, I said: her strength and vigor having de- parted. But she had not one word "Miss Stayner, may I ask you a of regret to express at having gone question ?" to China and was full of grateful praise to God that such a privilege "Yes," she replied, "what is it?" had been hers. And she confest that "It is this," I answered; "do you the one thing which had led her on love the Chinese?" and which gave her ever ample com- I shall never forget the look of pensation for all that she had suffered astonishment which she gave me. was the knowledge that she was doing "Why," she said, "what do you mean? what she could to take the Gospel to Of course, I love the Chinese!" the heathen and thus to hasten the "I was just wondering," I replied, return of her beloved Lord. "if, having gone through such an experience at their hands, you were An Interpretation sorry you had come to China, and if, possibly, you now almost hated the Miss Stayner's life shows beyond Chinese." misunderstanding what is the effect of This remark perplexed her more true scriptural motives upon an open than my first. But I reminded her of mind and heart. Here was a woman our conversation in Toronto. who had everything, naturally speak-

A PROSPEROUS SCHOOL IN BURMA

ing, to keep her at home, but who much to say that if Christians should· deliberately chose to go abroad. Here follow Christ as she followed Him was one who had faced the question it would not be long before there of her responsibility tow a r d the would be produced a veritable revolu~ heathen, not emotionally, but calmly, tion in missionary methods and reand who finally had gone forth for sults. Then, indeed, we might hope no other reason than that her Master to see the work of missions turned had commanded her to do so. Here into an apostolic triumph, where the was one who at first had little love old figure of speech, "terrible as an for the heathen, but whose heart, in army with banners," would but feebly the path of obedience, became filled express what God would make His with compassion for them. And here, Church on earth to be. For it is finally, was one who had remained manifest that our Father in Heaven stedfast and even praiseful through has large thoughts toward the heaall her suffering and sorrow because then and that He is ready to use His she had learned to serve with her· saints in their fulfilment whenever eyes on Him who is the Coming One. they will allow Him to do so. It is . Thus the interpretation becomes an to be remembered, however, that this inspiration. Miss Stayner's life and last can only come to pass in the service are a constraining call to all measure in which the followers of who know and love the Lord, to Christ are possest and controlled be wholly obedient to God and to by those motives which are truly and commit all to Him. It is not too wholly divine.

A Prosperous School in Burma BY MISS LILLY R. GRACEY IiA]T the foot of Kipling's lives are greatly influenced by the Old Moulmein Pagoda, education received there. .A new looking eastward to building was recently added to the the Sea, there rises a old one, the need for which had beautiful pile of white prest more and more as the years bricks built into a went by; even "three in a bed" could form very unlike the pagoda above it. not squeeze in all who wanted to It is the Morton Lane Girls' School, come.

a name quite as familiar in Burma as Burma is surprizingly modern and "Wellesley," or "Vassar" in America. wideawake to the opportunities of For nearly half a century, about present-day life. Consequently the three hundred Burmese girls have missionaries have found it necessary been, attending this school each year. to provide for the intellectual· as They are of varying ages, and their . well as the spiritual welfare of its

large Christian· constituency and to begins to 'form' on Saturday, when make it possible for non-Christian in a part of the compound, wee tots boys and girls to come under Chris- sit patiently while a barber shaves tian influences in the formative the hair from the southern hemi- period of their lives. The number sphere of their heads, and the juniors of mission schools has therefore in- work patiently on the part or creased and ·well-trained teachers and 'equator' line of theirs, lest one hair superintendents from the homeland due to run north should by chance are training the rising generation. be falling south. That part must be The Morton Lane School in Moul- just right .or no self-respecting Bur- mein has an interesting setting, for mese girl would think of taking it the city with its 65,000 inhabitants is to church with her next day.

ranked among the most beautiful "When the six o'clock bell rings cities in the East, and it is situated Sunday morning the girls get up, at the j unction of three rivers, the put dormitories in order, and at seven Salween, the Attaran, and the Gyne. o'clock go to morning prayer and Pagodas make it picturesque. Over the study of the Sunday-school the hills of Moulmein Judson used lessons. After: that comes br.eakfast.

to walk. The pulpit in the church Then comes dressing for church and in the city, from which he used to Sunday-school, and forming of the preach, is held very sacred by the line with the little ones in front and Burmans, and still livin·g in Moul- the older ones at the rear, and in- mein are three women baptized by spection by teachers. When all is the immortal Judson. ready the long line moves down the Every Sunday the girls of this road. How picturesque it looks!

school march to church, and so This line grows longer every year long is the procession that it is one and this means more gms under of the sights of the city. Of this Christian influences and more lives Sunday "line-up" of girls, Miss consecrated to Christ and His ser- Hughes gives a vivid picture. "It vice."

MORTON LANE BURMESE GIRLS' SCHOOL, MOULMEIN, BURMA

1915J A PROSPEROUS SCHOOL IN BURMA

A SUNDAY MORNING PROCESSION OF BURMESE GIRLS OF THE MORTON LANE SCHOOL, GOING TO CHURCH

Against

In Rangoon, Burma ANGOON is a by-word The plea for abolition is regarded by the timid local press as a wild piece .· for gross and shameless of fanaticism-whereas it is backed by immoralit~, says the the example of many cities which have tried segregation; street preaching in R Young Men of India. the "segregated area" is regarded as "bad taste" and futile whereas it is the ~ So callous has public only sound method of attacking the – . opinion become that evil, and the Bishop and nearly all the clergy have joined in it. The Christians some 500 prostitutes are allowed, under are soundly abused for letting "black men preach to white women," whereas "police control" (which usually means these poor women are daily insulted by any man who cares to do so! "controlling the police") J to carryon Yet there is much encouragement, their odious trade within half a mile says Mr. K. J. Saunders; of schools and colleges, where 8,000 (I) We have demonstrated that the school-boys and hundreds of school- present system, so far from minimizing the evil, is spreading it all over the city; girls are being educated; the "segre- there is hardly a street in the business part of the town without its brothel. gated area:' of Rangoon is intersected by (2) We have been granted an interthe streets through which these children view with the Lieut.-Governor, who showed us all sympathy and courtesy. pass to and from school; the women (3) Some leading doctors agree with strut half-naked through the streets, our claims and methods, and three have spoken at several large meetings of Europeans, natives of Asia Minor, the Y. M. C. A.

Chinese, Japanese, Burmese, Indian; (4) The men of our Indian Branch and some from the Central Branch many of them solicit men quite un- have done splendid work.

checked; some go out in rickshaws; (5) The 'Boy Scouts' of our Central Branch have sold and distributed our all expose themselves without restraint. pamphlets and posters.

Can such be the method by which a (6) Several girls have been sent to hospital; two rescued from a life of British Government seeks to "control" slavery; and a Rescue Home has been opened. vice? Segregation never segregates (7) People are getting angry; This vice; in Rangoon the name is a farce; is what we want.

loose women have entered mlSS101l (8) We are being tried on a charge of trespass and intimidation; but this schools, vile pictures are sold at the only gives more publicity to the scandal.

gates of Christian colleges, very few protests are heard.

At last a Vigilance Campaign has been organized. Mr. John Cowen, known in Colombo and elsewhere as a fearless champion of purity, was in- vited to come and make a study of Rangoon and lead in putting an end to the segregated system.

Mr. Cowen pointed out that prayer and publicity are the simplest and quickest methods: God is waiting for our cooperation, and pUblicity drives out evil as the sunlight drives out the germs of disease.

IN TIPS AND IN TITHES

(9) Meetings are being held in pri- consult ( a) the Bible, ( b) the Ceylon vate houses. Police; these are in closer agreement than they have ever been before. (10) Burmese tracts for schools and colleges are being printed. 6. To "segregate" prostitution in the center of the schools of a great city (II) The Burmese people as a whole is racial suicide; 8,000 school-boys are support us. being educated within half a mile of the "segregation area"; (12) Not one of our statements, circulated broadcast, has been challenged. 7. The parent who sides with the enemy of his children is a monster; (13) The name of Christ has been steadily held up and honored. 8. The schoolmaster who tolerates the present state of this city is unworthy The following is one of several state- of his trust; ments which the committee is circulating: 9. The doctor who says that vice is necessary to health ought to retire or SOME HARD FACTS FOR RANGOON to go back to college; (Guiding Principles of tlu present Purity 10. The citizen of Rangoon who re- Campaign) fuses to take sides is on the side of the devil; I. The policy of segregation is contrary to the principles of British Law; II. The "preachers" are content to be called fools and fanatics for they 2. Prostitution is contrary to the Law are sure of victory. of God, upon which British Law is based; 12. The police are playing up splen- didly and are on the side of righteous- 3· The quickest way to cleanse the ness; city is to preach Christ; 13. The segregation policy of this city 4· This is the only way that is per- is doomed. manently satisfactory; 5· If any man is skeptical let him I· Giving 10 Tips and 10 Tithes IMIR. GEORGE INNES of custom and good nature, and not a says there was a time legal or moral obligation. in his life when he gave for missions as he Mr. Innes gave regularly to support gave to the porter on the local church of which he was a the sleeper or as he member, and in doing so felt that he gave to the waiter at the hotel. He discharged his obligation to the Lord. confesses that he was guilty of tipping But he was willing to go farther, and the Lord. On a sleeper or in a first- he gave a trifle extra to extend the class hotel it is not respectable to fail boundaries of the Redeemer's King- to give a gratuity to the porter or to dom. In doing what many other the waiter in recognition of the service members of the church did there was rendered. The berth and the meal are no sense of obligation, no recognition paid for in full; the tip is a matter of stewardship. Rather than be con- sidered selfish and penurious he gave • From The Missionary Intellizetlcer.

the Lord a coin or a bill in precisely who are able to work at their own the same spirit as he gave a quarter charges and not only support them- or half a dollar to the boy that cleaned selves but support whole stations.

his shoes in the sleeper or supplied his Why should they not do it?

needs at the table. It is not clear to all that the law In the Mosaic economy the people of the tithe has been transferred from were required to give a tithe of all the Mosaic dispensation to the Chris,~ their income from every source. The tian. Some say that there are those Law plainly and pOSitively said, "The who can not afford to give as much tithe is the Lord's." If the tithe was as a tenth of their incomes for the withheld, the people were charged with Lord's work. The testimony of those robbing God, and they were punished who have put God to the proof is that for their sin. The Prophet Malachi nine-tenths with His blessing will go accused the people of his day of rob- farther than ten-tenths' without His bing God, and called upon them to blessing. Does it not appear probable bring the whole tithe into the store- that if the Jew could give a tenth of gouse, and he assured them that, if his income, and if the pagan could and they would do this, the Lord would can give a tenth, the Christian can open the windows of heaven and pour give as large a proportion? Does a out such a blessing upon them that Christian wish to give less than a Jew?

there would not be room enough to If all Christians were to give a tenth, receive it. After the tithes came the there would be money enough in the "free-will offerings." Lord's treasury for local church ex- Since his financial and missionary penses, for missions of every kind, for conversion Mr. Innes has devoted benevolence, and for education. Treas- himself exclusively to the Lord's work. uries would be overflowing. The tithe He has opened an office and furnished is the least that we should give, for it, and supports a staff of workers. many could well afford to live on a Now he is a steward; what he has he tithe and give the remainder.

holds in trust for the Lord. The day Is it not high time that we were of "tipping" is over. substituting the tithe for the tip? Is . Mr. Innes is not the only one who it not high time that we were giving has been tipping the Lord. As long as as the Lord has prospered us? Can we the average offering of the Christian say that we honor the Lord with our people of America for Foreign Mis- substance, when we hand him a tip?

sions does not exceed one cent a week, He is not a pauper asking alms; he is it is plain that the number of "tippers" a preferred creditor, and his claims is very large. There are men and should be satisfied first and to the full.

women whom the Lord has prospered Tip or tithe-which shall it be?

GIVING AND LIVING Forever the sun is pouring its gold He is dead whose hand i3 not open wide On a hundred worlds that beg and bor- row; To help the need of a human brother; His warmth he squanders on summits He doubles the length of his lifelong ride cold, Who of his fortunes gives to another; His wealth on the homes of want and sorrow. And a thousand million lives are his To give Is to live. Who carries the world in his sympathies.

To deny Is to die. – S elected.

~ I"'~t.>/ DEPADTMENT ~- i I"

OF '–. ,………-.'……….~.,.-./.; BEST METHODS 'CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK SOME PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR HE best possible New and they were raised up. We asked for money and it came, often from most fJT Year's resolution any unexpected sources. We pleaded that missionary leader can some of our number might go to the make is a resolution to field, and five volunteered. We asked depend more upon prayer and the deepen- for help in making our programs and ing of spiritual life as methods in mis- received wisdom to devise the plans sionary work. afterward outlined in "Fuel for Mis- "The problems are just the same old sionary Fires," and now in use all over problems of how to make zealous our the world. We prayed that the young present members and how to interest people might be faithful in taking their 'the other half,''' says the secretary of parts, and tho 700 assignments were made a Woman's Board in her annual report. in· five years less than a dozen failed in '''Oh, for a Moses to lead us out of any way.

the wilderness of dead-level and in- Such blessings await you, 0 mission- difference!" ary leader, wherever you work, if only The Leader is ready, the Lord Jesus you will meet the conditions!

Himself, and the weapon he offers is prayer. But we make small use of it Unto Him that is able to do and depend on our poor human in- All that we ask ventions instead. All that we ask or think Any society whose leaders are willing Above all that we ask or think to pay the price-the price of earnest Abundantly above all that we ask or prayer-may have a measure of success "exceedingly abundantly above all that think, they ask or think." The Best Methods According to the power that worketh in us, Unto Him be glory.

-Ephesians 3: 20.

Editor has had abundant proof of this.

Years ago, in her old home church Keeping in Touch with Great World (the First Presbyterian, Springfield, Movements Ohio), she was president of a Young Keeping in touch with the great world People's missionary society that was movements of the missionary enterprise able to accomplish a great work through is an important thing for any church.

the prayers of a little inner circle of How best to do it is a question that intercessors that were ever ready to has often puzzled missionary workers.

meet at her call. The sources of information are many, Everything was taken to the Lord in In these days the daily paper may, per- prayer and practically everything prayed haps, be 'placed first. Then there are for was given. We asked for members the religious weeklies and the monthly and got them, We prayed for leaders missionary magazines. THE MISSIONARY

In 1914 How MANY 5 MISSIONARY MEETINGS f DID You ATTEND?

( CONCERTS AND LECTURES { How MANY MISSIONARY BOOKS } DID You READ? NOVELS How MUCH MONEY DID You GIVE FOR MISSIONS?

SPEND ON YO,URSELF?

How MUCH TIME DID You DEVOTE TO PRAYER FOR { MISSIONS? YOURSELF?

In 1915 WHAT SHALL YOUR RECORD BE?

REVIEW OF THE WORLD covers the whole suffice to keep the whole church in field fully with up-to-date news and touch with the whole world. inspiring articles, and once a month the Sunday School Times prints "From the At the present time, when events of Missionary Watch Tower," a page of the utmost importance to the kingdom news gathered by Doctor Harlan P. of God follow one another with such Beach, who is in communication with lightning rapidity, this ,is a matter of hundreds of missionaries all over the special importance. "Let the daily world. papers supply your topicS' and subjects for intercession," said Mr. Benjamin In many societies "Current Events" Starr of Homer, N. Y., at a recent con-' form part of the program. One society ference in Schenectady, "If there is wrote the items of news on slips of news of a battle or other disturbance paper and inclosed them in envelopes where your missionaries are at work, decorated in imitation of a mail-bag; bring this into your weekly prayerothers have used messenger boys de- meeting and turn it into a special meetlivering information in the familiar ing for prayer for that mission. Almost yellow envelopes ·of the telegraph co;~­ every paper has something that could panies. The Presbyterian Church of be so used."

Camden, N. J., makes use of "Minute Such news items give point to the prayers and make them real and vital. Men," a group of persons appointed to In a little pamphlet describing the represent different fields for a year, and Monthly Concert of Prayer in his give one-minute reports of them at the church before he became a secretary of monthly missionary prayer-meetings.* the Presbyterian Board, Doctor A. W. Halsey shows how the two can be Bulletin boards in the church vesti- woven together. bule and the calendars distributed in the pews can also be utilized for this pur- "If any missionaries or mission stapose. But, after all, in this as in so tions are in special need," he says, "a much els'e, the pastor is the key-man. prayer is offered for them, for the Even very brief mention of important native workers and the native Chrisevents in the Sunday sermons, the tians. If there has been any special prayer-meeting talks and the opening ingathering in any field, this is spoken exercises of the Sunday-school would of by the pastor for a moment and a prayer is offered that the new converts *For a detailed account of this —'plan, see "'What may stand firm. If a missionary or a b'MY. itnhueteReMv.enS'amDuidel for a Church Prayer-Meeting," D. Price, in the Sunday·School Times, January 10, 1914.

OF BEST ME'rHODS

secretary is ill, the fact is noted and Sunday-school and the mission bands. prayer offered for him. The sailing of The pastor should always be a member of missionaries, the publication of the the committee e% officio, but it is usually Bible in a new language, a deficiency in considered best to have a layman at its the receipts of the Board, the gift of a head. large sum to the work, and a hundred and one items appearing in magazines, The duties of the committee are to papers or books', or received directly formulate a miss'ionary policy for the from some one on the field-all these church as a whole, to coordinate the are mentioned and made the subject of activities of all the variouS' organizations, earnest, intelligent, brief petitions which and to foster the work in every way serve to intensify our interest in the possible. An excellent manual of sug- work and give a distinct character to gestions indorsed by all the Home and our meeting." Foreign Boanl.s of this country and Canada, entitled "The Church Mission- At some meeting early in the New ary Committee" may be obtained at five Year it is a good plan to give a resume cents a copy from any of the mission of the missionary events of the year boards or from the Missionary Education previous. Abundant material for this Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, is always to be found in the January N. Y. number of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, and it never fails to arouse A Simple Church Program interest. The following program recently drawn up and adopted by the Sessi.on of Bed- . The Church Mis.ionary Committee ford Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, A church that wishes to be really N. Y., has many good features, and will efficient in missionary work should have prove helpful to other churches not as a permanent missionary committee for yet thoroughly organized for missions: the general supervision of aU its missionary activities. "Without an active I.-A Church Missionary Committee missionary committee 'in each chuJ"ch One member each from Session, Bible there is little chance of any steady School, Men's Forum, Woman's Missiongrowth in missionary interest," says' ary Society, Young People's Society-mem- bers to be selected by Session in consulta- Doctor A. V. V. Raymond, chairman of tion with pastor and officers of organiza- ,the Consolidated Missionary Committee tions-Committee to meet in October and of the Presbytery of Buffalo, which is April, to plan general missionary program endeavoring to secure, for the benevolent of church and organizations, and to report boards of the Church, a more systematic to Session in November and May. and generous support on the part of its constituency. "A part of our work for II.-Missionary Meetings and Addresses the coming year therefore, is the organ- 1. Two Sunday morning sermons (not ization of these local committees counting July and August)-one by pastor, wherever possible." one by best outside speaker obtainable. 2. Two or more Sunday evening meet- Such a committee should be appointed ings-one, as at present, to be addrest by or elected at the beginning of the church outgoing missionaries (in June). year, at the same time as other church 3. Wednesday evening meetings-at least officials, and should consist of represen- one every two months, arranged with refertatives of aU the various organizations ence to Sunday morning and evening presof the church-the official boards, the entations, with outside missionary speaker brotherhoods, the women's and young whenever possible. To relieve pastor the~e women's societies, the young people's might be in charge of Missionary Comorganizations, senior and junior, the mittee.

III.-Literature and Calendar Notes 1. A representative in each organization to help distribute leaflet literature and to secure SUbscriptions for periodicals-"The Bulletin," "All the World," "Assembly Herald," "Woman's Work," "Home Mission

Monthly," "Over Sea and Land," "Every ary enterprise. The Best Methods Editor Land," "Missionary Review of the World." was happy to place at his disposal her . 2. A special missionary secretary for missionary library and was interested to church calendar, to supply missionary note that he asked first for historical letters and news notes once a month (one- works covering the whole range of mishalf third page and back page occasionally) sionary achievement, such as Leonard's also to suggest books for reading and "Hundred Years of Missions'." These subjects for prayer and thanksgiving. mastered he took up missionary bio- graphy and the fascinating stories of mis- IV.-Correspondence with Missionaries sions. At the same time he read THE 1. Special correspondents selected to send MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD from church calendars regularly to our mission- cover to cover, that he might be in touch aries, to correspond with them, arrange for with present-day needs and achievements. Christmas, and other gifts, and to note needs on calendar. Where did he get the time? He was 2. Letters or extracts from missionaries' a very busy man occupying a respon.sible letters, be read from pUlpit occasionally by position in a large construction ·company. pastor. But his home was five miles from hi5 office and he was obliged to spend more V.-Maps and Pictures than half an hour in the cars both going Showing missionary fields of the church and coming. For more than a year he are to be hung in chapel or elsewhere. put this time into missionary study with the result that he is now one of the best- VI.-Mission Study Classes informed men on miss"ions in the country One or more should be organized to fol- -a leader in missionary work in his low some of the excellent text-books avail- city and church and in the college in able. which he is now an assistant professor of civil engineering. Vll.-Great Missionary Movements . That we keep in touch with the denomi- At the present time the Best Methods national and inter-denominational mission- Editor is having the privilege of placing ary movements of men, women and young her library at the disposal of another people. office-bearer-this time a young woman, secretary of her missionary society-who VIlI.-Proportionate Missionary Giving desires to be thoroughly informed about 1. That this subj ect be presented on Sun- mISSIOns. She, too, is beginning with day morning at least once a year (October Leonard's "Hundred Years of Missions." preferred) . Next she wiIl take up McConaughy'S 2. That a systematic method be adopted "World Work of the Presbyterian for securing pledges from all members of Church," to give her an intelligent idea the church and arranging for special offer- of what her own church has done and ings to various benevolence objects. is doing. Then she will take up mission- ary biography and stories of missions. Educating Church Officers Like the young engineeer, her time is much occupied, but by keeping the books The office-bearers of the church-the on the living-room table and picking them up whenever she has a spare minute, men chosen to be the leaders in spiritual she is making good progress.

things-should not only be interested in The value of inteIligent office-bearers such as these is greater than can be estimissions but should know something mated, not only to the local church but to the whole missionary enterprise. about the past history and the present needs of the great world work committed to the Church by her Lord. Yet the average church officer knows little or nothing about it.

There are, of course, exceptions to this. While residing in Detroit the Best Methods Editor had the pleasure of see- ing a young civil engineer who knew that he would 50on be elected to the eldership in. the Presbyterian Church of which he was a member, deliberately fit himself for the office by a thorough and reverent study not only of the doctrines of the church but of the whole mission-

OF BEST METHODS

Miuionary Anniyerearies in 1915 26, 1890.-Samue1 N. Lapsley sailed for Africa to found the Congo Mission of the Observing missionary anniversaries is Southern Presbyterian Church. 25th annione of the best ways of arousing interest versary. See "Daybreak in the Dark Conand conserving the influence of import- tinent," by Naylor. ant persons and events. An entire program can with profit be devoted to the MAltcH more important ones, and thoS'e less im- 13, 1815.-Birth of James C. Hepburn. portant can be commemorated by some- IOOth anniversary. See "Life of Hepburn," thing in the way of a story, motto, hymn, by Griffis. Scripture lesson or prayer. "Five Mis- 29, 1840.-Birth of Isabella Thoburn. 75th sionary Minutes" devoted to this by the anniversary. See "Life of Isabella Thopastor at regular Sunday or mid-week burn," by James M. Thoburn. services, the superintendent in the Sun- 29, 1855.-Bishop Patteson Eailed for the day-school, the missionary committee in South Seas. 60th anniversary. See "Life the Young People's Society, or the of Bishop Patteson," by Page. president of the Woman'S' Society, afford 31, 1820.-First missionaries arrived at opportunities for arousing missionary Hawaii. 95th anniversary. See "Transfor- mation of Hawaii," by Brain.

interest not to be despised. APRIL In the. following list of anniversaries 1, 1815.-Birth of William C. Burns. 100th occurring during 1915, an unusual num- anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- ber have to do with events in the lives sions." of native Christians. An interesting and 10, 1875.-John Kenneth Mackenzie sailed profitable series' of talks running through the year might be built up around these. for China. 40th anniversary. See "Life of Mackenzie," by Bryson. JANUARY 13, 1855.-Death of Doctor John Scudder. 13, 1835.-Birth of Jacob Chamberlain. 60th anniversary. See "Men of Might in BOth anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY RE- India's Missions," Holcomb. VIEW, August, 1908. 14, 1885.-Baptism of Boyinto, the first Mongolian convert. 30th anniversary. See MAY "Gilmour of Mongolia," by Lovett. 23, 1890.-Death of Joseph Hardy Neesi- 11, 1835.-Asahel Grant began work in rna. 25th anniversary. See "A Maker of Persia. 80th anniversary. See "Encyclo- New Japan," by Davis. pedia of Missions." 30, 1885.-First martyrdom of converts in Uganda. 30th anniversary. See "Mackay 20, 1690.-Death of John Eliot. 225th anof Uganda," by his sister. niversary. See "Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh. FEBRUARY 21, 1875.-First missionaries sailed for Livingstonia. 40th anniversary. See "Day- break in Livingstonia," by Jack.

29, 1815.-Founding of the Basel Mission- ary Society. looth anniversary. See "En- cyclopedia of Missions."

5, 1885.-Sailing of the Cambridge Seven. JUNE 30th anniversary. See "The Story of the China Inland Mission," by Guinness. 4, 1865.-Birth of George L. Pilkington. 50th anniversary. See "Pilkington of 8, 1890.-Death of Alexander Mackay. Uganda," by Harford-Battersley. 25th anniversary. See "Mackay of Uganda," by his sister. 15, 1870.-Close of Hawaii Mission of the American Board. 45th anniversary. See 13, 1830.-Alexander Duff shipwrecked off "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain. the Cape of Good Hope. 85th anniversary. 25, 1865.-Founding of the China Inland 26. ·1835.-First anti-Christian edicts in Mission. Jubilee year. Madagascar. 80th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909. 30, 1315.-Martyrdom of Raymond Lull.

600th anniversary. See "The Life of Ray- mond Lull," by Zwemer.

JULY 29, .1875.-0pening of the Doshisha. 40th anniversary. See "History of Missions in 9, 1840.-Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Japan," by Cary. Christians. 75th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909. DECEMBER 13, 1830.-Founding of Duff's College, 8, 1840.-Livingstone sailed for Africa. Calcutta. 85th anniversary. See "Men of 75th anniversary. See any life of Living- Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb. stone.

23, 1815.-Baptism of Africaner. 100th 11, 1825.-Baptisrn of Bishop Crowther. anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, 90th anniversary. See "Life of Crowther," July, 1912. by Page.

AUGUST 21, 1795.-Birth of Robert Moffat. 120th anniversary. See "Lives of Robert and 2, 1785.-Death of George Schmidt. 130th Mary Moffat," by John S. Moffat.

anniversary. See "Moravian Missions," by 25, 1905.-Founding of the National Mis- sionary Society of India. 10th anniversary. Thompson. . See "The Christian Conquest of India," by Thoburn. 20, 1835.-Founding of the Domestic and 25, 1885.-Baptisn:I of the first Ainu con- Foreign Missionary Society of the Protes- vert. 30th anniversary. See "History of Missions in Japan," by Cary. tant Episcopal Church, 80th anniversary. Honoring a Missionary'. Birthday See "Encyclopedia of Missions." The annual birthday gathering held in SEPTEMBER honor of Doctor Swain, the first woman 7, 1850.-Allen Gardiner sailed on his last to go as a medical missionary, by the voyage to South America. 65th anniver- Doctor Clara A. Swain Missionary sary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Society of the Methodist Episcopal Field," by Walsh. Church, Castile, N. Y., affords a good 9, 1840.-Death of Ko-thah-byu. 75th an- illustration of the pleasure and profit niversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, that may be derived from the keeping May, 1910. of a missionary anniversary. 21, 1795.-Founding of the London Missionary Society. 120th anniversary. See Dodor Swain was born at Elmira, "Encyclopedia of Missions." New York, but she removed to Castile with her parents at such an early age OCTOBER that the pretty little village has always 7, 1885.-Keith-Falconer sailed for Aden. claimed her as its own. It has always 30th anniyersary. See "Servants of the delighted to do her honor, and shortly King," by Speer. after the Rev. H.. Clay Milliman became 12, 1835.-First missionaries landed in the pastor of the church with which she Fiji. 80th anniversary. See "Fiji and the was so long connected, this annual birth- Fijians," by Calvert. day party was inaugurated. 12, 1875.-Launching of the !lala, first steamer on an African lake. 40th anniver- "We have held it for the past four sary. See "Stewart of Lovedale," by summers-ever since we came to this Lovett. little town," says Mrs. Milliman, wife 28, 1905.–Martyrdom of Eleanor Chest- of the pastor and president of the misnut. 10th anniversary. See "Servants of sionary society, in response to the the King," by Speer. request of the Best Methods Editor for 29, 1885.-Martyrdom of Hannington. information. "How did we come to 40th anniversary. See "Bishop Hanning- start it? Just because I have a fondness ton," by Berry. for anniversaries and because I felt that we could not do too much to honor the NOVEMBER 4, 1835.-0pening of the first hospital in China by Peter Parker. 80th anniversary. See "Uplift of China," by Smith. 15, 1875.~Stanley's appeal for missionaries for Uganda published in the London Daily Telegraph. 40th anniversary. See "Uganda's White Man of Work," by Fahs.

memory of such an illustrious mission- letters read from absent friends of ary pioneer as Doctor Swain." Doctor Swain and make music an im- portant feature." The celebration is held on July 18 ea,ch year (Doctor Swain was born July 18, Last autumn the anniversary of an- 1834) on the lawn of the beautiful resi- other event in Doctor Swain's career dence she built in 1898 when failing was also observed, tho in an entirely health compelled her to give up her work different manner. This was November in India, and which is now occupied by 3, 1914, the forty-fifth anniversary of her her relative, Mrs. Fred Horning. The sailing to India in company with Isabella hours are from two to six in the after- Thoburn. In commemoration of this noon, and after the program a dainty event, Mrs. Milliman gave on the Sunlunch is served outdoors beneath the day evening following (November 8) in trees. By means of a notice read from her husband's church, a stereopticon the pUlpit and inserted in the village talk on "The First Woman Physician in paper, all friends of Doctor Swain are the Orient," with nearly one hundred invited to be present. Last summer pictures.

nearly one hundred were in attendance, Enlisting an Entire Church and the occasion was most enjoyable. A very remarkable campaign conducted "We vary OUr program as much as by the First Baptist Church, Bridgeton, possible each year," says Mrs. Milliman. N. J., in connection with the Judson "We are fortunate in having an excel- Centennial last year, shows what can be lent sanitarium in our little town which accomplished when an entire church is attracts many missionaries home on enlisted for missions and how mission- furlough. When available we call on ary anniversaries can be used to stimu- some one of these for an address. We late missionary interest and activity. In have had Miss Mary Means, who went response to our request, the pastor, the with Doctor Swain when she returned Rev. D. E. Lewis, has sent us the fol- to India for the jubilee; Ida Grace Loper lowing details: of India; Emily H. Hartwell of China; At a business meeting held early in Esther Baird of India; and Mrs. Char- January, 19I4, the church voted to con- lotte Haskins, also from India, a life- duct such a campaign and appropriate long friend of Doctor Swain." $25 to the expenses. This was used for "We always invite the clergy of sister postage, lantern slides, pig banks, tracts, churches and the presidents of foreign books and other literature put out by the missionary societies in our town to give Baptists for the J tidson celebration. The words of greeting, and sometimes have pig banks were for the offering, one reminiscences from town's people who being given to each family connected knew Doctor Swain when a little girl. with the church. In all 225 were dis- One year when we were studying tributed and each was marked as follows: 'China's New Day' Doctor Isaac Taylor "To be fattened for the Judson offering Headland, whom I met at Chautauqua, and slaughtered at a great meeting of wrote, at my request, a lovely letter of the First Church, April 10."

greeting to the society to be read at the The campaign began on Sunday, Jan-, birthday gathering. Doctor Swain uary I8, and continued until May Jbrought from India 'many interesting almost fifteen weeks. Every organi~a­ costumes which she gave to Doctor tion connected with the church, including Mary Greene of the Sanitarium. We the mission school at South Chapel, was have sometimes harrowed these, dressing enlisted, and letters inviting cooperation our young people in them for missionary were sent not only to the 340 resident, dialogs and exercises. We also have members but to the roo non-residents

also. Throughout the campaign Doctor Books Corson, formerly a missionary at Moul- mein, Burma, now a deacon in this 311 resident members ……………. 533 church, gave very great assistance. The 31 non-residents ……………….. 40 program as carried out, included the 10 Crozier students …………….. 11 following features: 15 Colgate students …………….. 15 5 Missionaries at Ramapatnam ….. 15 Public Missionary Services.-There 10 Christian converts at Ramapatnam 30 were five missionary sermons, six mis- 7 Christian converts at Moulmein " 7 sionary prayer-meetings and three stereopticon lectures during the cam- 389 persons ……………………..651 paign. Three of the sermons were preached by the pastor, one by Doctor Adding to this the 120 books used by John M. Moore, secretary of the Baptist Department of Missionary Education, the u6 members of the study class gives and one by Mr. John S. Ware, Assistant State Treasurer. Three of the mid-week the amazing total of 771 missionary meetings were conducted by the study classes and three were "specials." At books read and studied through the one of the latter Miss Anna Prince of Moulmein was present; at another the efforts of one church in fifteen weeks! Rev. Thomas C. Hanna, of Pottsville, Pa., a grandson of Judson; at the third, The Woman's Missionary Circle accomthe memorial offering was taken. plished the remarkable feat of getting Study Classes.-Special emphasis was placed upon this work and eight classes every member to read "Following the were conducted-six in the Sundayschool, one in the intermediate Christian Sunrise," Mrs. Montgomery's history Endeavor Society, an'd one, a joint affair, in the Senior Christian Endeavor Society of Baptist missions. and the Beacon Lights', a young woman's missionary circle. 116 different persons In addition to conducting study classes were enrolled in these classes. As four persons took two courses, a total of 120 and reading books, all the various organtext-books were sold and studied. izations of the church and its miss'ion- Reading Circles.-One great object of the campaign was to get as many persons the two Sunday-schools, the Woman's as possible to read missionary' books, especially those prepared for the Judson Society, the Beacon Lights and the four Centennial. Accordingly books were sent and letters written to many. Christian Endeavor Societies, Senior, The books used were "Ann of Ava," Intermediate and two Junior-did an "Judson the Pioneer," "Following the Sunrise," "The Call of the World," "The immense amount of special work in the Immortal Seven," "Jesus Christ's Men," and about half a dozen of the old-time way of holding meetings, conducting Judson books that were brought forward and reread by some of the older mem- special exercises, framing pictures, purbers. The results were extraordinary, the total number of books read being as chasing maps, and memorizing mottoeS'. follows: Other features of the campaign were 44 new members added to the church; the distribution of 50 copies of Missions followed by a campaign for new sub- scribers; an Every Member Canvass that increased the pledges for missions and added $100 to the pastor's salary.

The memorial offering amounted to $rr5. "I would like to put in a special word for those crockery pigs," says Mr.

Lewis. "I have used them before and they always interest boys in missions.

On April 10 when the "slaughtering"

took place, a dozen or so were broken and then the whole meeting turned into a social with little groups trying to· gel their money out without breaking the pigs. Everybody had a good time that evening and many members have asked for the privilege of giving again in the same way." .

E I DI

GOD IMPARTIAL-NOT NEUTRAL lowers of Jesus Christ to agree as to MUCH comment has been made since the side which God approves, but this does not mean that God is neutral. It is the beginning of this world-war true that no pleadings, no arguments, no or the fact that the Christians and other personal sufferings can blind Him as to believers in the power of prayer have the real issues at stake or the righteousbeen on different sides earnestly be- ness of the cause that should prevail. seeching Almighty God for His protection and favor to their cause. A paper In view of the wisdom and power of in Italy assured its readers that such God it is indeed foolish for men to petitions have no effect on the Ruler of think that they can, by their prayers, the Universe as he is "Neutral." A turn Him aside from aiding the cause perplexed inquirer in America asks: of justice and love. He will be im- "Have we lost our faith; and is that the partial, but He can not be neutral. He reason why our prayers are not an- will not show favoritism to one party, swered?" but He can not fail to side with the right. In the natural phenomena of the No one who believes in God, the earth, the sky, the sea; in the storms and Father in Heaven, the Creator of the sunshine, in cold and heat; in the in- Universe, the Ruler over all, the One fluence He can exert on the hearts and who so loved the world that He gave His minds and spirits of men, there are a only begotten Son, none who believe in thousand forces at the command of God, this God can believe that He is neutral by which He can determine or teror indifferent when He sees the sorrows, minate the conflict when He deems it the cruelties, the sin inseparably con- best. But there are lessons for men nected with great hatred and bloodshed. to learn that they will learn only through Neutrality implies a degree of indiffer- struggle and suffering, failure or sucence as to the outcome and an unwilling- cess. It was after the experience of ness to influence the final result. Man both victory and defeat that David can not see or foresee with divine vision learned to exclaim: "Some trust in but it requires no prophet to predict chariots and some in horses, but we will that the outcome of this world conflict remember the name of Jehovah, our God." must profoundly influence the progress of the Kingdom of God on Earth. He What then is the use of prayer, and wlio sent His Son to save the world, for what should Christians pray in such is not indifferent as to the horrors of a time of strife when Christendom is war or to the character of the ideals divided? The greatest value of true and forces that succeed. He who prayer is that it helps to bring us into "wills not that any should perish," and tune with the mind of God. None can who is "of purer eyes than to behold hope and none should wish to dictate iniquity," is not likely to hold in check to God as to what He shall do or when all the powers by which He could con- He shall act. The best that we can do trol the outcome of a world~conflict. is to pray that God's will may speedily be done, and that His will may clearly It is impossible, in the present period be revealed to us so that we may coof blind patriotism, even for all true fol-

operate more perfectly. The French, diers. They are knitting warm clothing, the Germans, the Belgians, the Russians, are contributing other comforts, and are the British, the Americans, have In- forwarding literature to those cut off valuable lessons to learn from this war- from the home land.

fare if (lur minds are but open to the There's another more important war- truth. There are lessons of the true fare going on all over the world, one ideals of life, the true forces that make that seeks to spread Iife, not death, to for righteousness, the weakness of extend the spiritual Kingdom of God, materialism, the need for self-sacrifice, not the selfish material advancement of the unity of the race, the supremacy of men. At the front in this campaign God. The sooner men and nations learn there are thousands of men and women thes·e the sooner this war and all war who are cut off from the comforts and will be ended. God will answer prayer comradeship of the home land. Their but it must be prayer that follows the advantages are limited by their isolation . line of His allseeing wisdom and not the and the lack of money. They have not prayer for favoritism. the lecture courses, so plentiful at home, Let us pray that the clouds of battle and are without the wealth of hooks smoke may clear our vision; that the and periodicals so accessible In o·ur thunder of cannon may enable us to hear libraries and our newS stands. A gift more distinctly the "still small voice"; of a broadening, stimulating magazine that the sufferings of the wounded and is often of the utmost value to them destitute bodies may teach us to under- in their personal life and work.

stand the compassion of Christ'for des- The Editors of the REVIEW will be titute souls and that the heroic and grim very glad to cooperate with friends at determination of soldiers to fight and die home to send the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF for country and king may awaken in THE WORLD for one year as a gift to our hearts the loyal purpose to count no some of these self-denying workers 011 sacrifices as a hardship in the service of the home and foreign mission fields.

our Savior and King. This is a time Some of our readers may count it a to pray for enemies, that they may be .privilege to join in this effort by giving on God's side and in His fellowship; the REVIEW for a year to one, ten or to pray for the spirit of peace and pa- one hundred missionaries. We or they tience and love in the face of bitter can select the names in cooperation with antagonisms and sorrow; to pray that the Mission Boards. A special rate is the present waste of men and money offered at $2.00 a year, plus 50 cents may not prevent the progress of the for postage to foreign lands. Whil.: spiritual work of Christ; that the eyes many are remembering the sufferers in of men may everywhere be opened to Belgium, let us not forget the mission- see their sin, their weakness, their aries who are often hungry for mental foolishness and that they may be turned and spiritual food, such as may be to seek forgiveness and wisdom through found in the REVIEW. Will you join Jesus Christ; that in the face of death in this movement to send the REVIEW they may seek eternal life-the God- free to 5,000 missionaries at home and life in this age and in that which is to abroad? So many letters come asking come. for the REVIEW from those who can no~ TREMEMBER THE MISSIONARIES afford to subscribe, that we are unable HE patriots in the countries now at to meet the demand. . war, who are not able to go to the There are other ways of "remember- front, are seeking in many ways to help ing" the missionaries that should not 1;>e bear or lighten the burden of the sol- neglected. Remembering at Christmas time is one way to lighten their burdens, hand there will be a general scheme of another and most important and effec- topics to be presented month by month tive way is "remembering in prayer." so that the whole world-fidd may be Many missionary workers have testified covered adequately in the course of the to the remarkable uplift and power that year. For the sake of those who wish has come in their work, giving victory 5n to use the REVIEW in making programs answer to prayer. How many are pray- we give below a partial list of topics: ing for their brothers and fathers and husbands in Europe. Should we not JANUARY: more earnestly and constantly remember in prayer the officers at home and The World Outlook. the workers on the field who are giving Church Plans for the Year. their lives to the cause of Christ? Thus Prayer and Missions. we may share in the conflict,· the victory The Home Base. and the reward. FEBRUARY: THE PROGRAM FOR 1915 China and the Chinese. EACH year brings new needs, new Confucianism and Taoism. problems, new leaders, new. strug- Chinese in America. gles, new victories in the missionary work. Eternal vigilance is required to MARCH: keep abreast of the campaign, but he who fails to keep a broad outlook loses Mexico and Central America. in inspiration and in power. City Missions and Social Service. Oriental Christianity. During the coming year the Editors of the REVIEW plan to make the maga- APRIL: zine still more effective and attractive, if possible, than it has been in the past. The Indian Empire. Hinduism. The leading writers on mIssIOnary Foreigners in America. themes are h'elpillg to make it invalu- The Native Church. able. In this number, for instance, we have articles by Robert E. Speer, Henry MAY: W. Frost, Gilbert Beaver, Fred B. Smith, and others. In the coming Siam and Laos Malaysia. months, we are to publish papers from Buddhism. Dr. John R Mott, Mr. Sherwood Eddy, Bible Distribution. Rev. John H. Jowett, Dr. Charles L. The American Indians. Thompson, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, William E. Griffiths, and from many JUNE: Fetishism. other workers at home and mission.aries abroad. The Department of Best Africa and Madagascar. Methods is to be maintained with its Industrial Missions. invaluable practical suggestions to pas- Negroes- in America. tors, Sunday-school workers .and leaders in local missionary societies. A special JULY: page of stimulating facts is to be added that will be suitable for quotations on The Islands of the Sea. church calendars and in missionary Arctic Missions. meetings. Missionary Administration.

In addition to articles of timely inter- AUGUST: est that can not be announced before- Roman Catholic Europe. The Papacy. The Mountaine.ers of the South. Woman's Work for Women.

SEPTEMBER: Japan and Korea. The Japanese in America. Shinto. Evangelistic Missions.

OCTOBER: Moslem Lands. Mohammedanism. Medical Missions. Young Peoples' -Vork. NOVEMBER: the cause before giving, or shall at least refer to other responsible parties South America. who have investigated. Frontier Home Missions. Educational Missions. Many appeals come to the Editor of The Greek Church. the REVIEW to help needy and worthy causes, and many inquiries are made DECEMBER: concerning those who are collecting money. A good story of "wonderful The Jews. wnversion and remarkable evidences of Missionary Literature. Unoccupied Fields. Children's Work for Children.

CONTINENTAL MISSION STATISTICS the power of God," an eloquent tongue or pleading voice, is not sufficient evi- NOone can examine our statistical dence of the worthiness of an object. table showing the figures for Prot- Oftentimes the more useless the cause estant Foreign missions of Continental the better wiJI be the story-a good societies without a feeling of sadness. story is necessary and does not need The work of these flourishing and grow, to adhere to facts. A few years ago a ing societies has been almost paralyzed. New Zealander told a wonderful story The missionaries are cut off from their and obtained large sums of moneyhome base and many are living in an which he used on himself. Another enemy's country. The British govern- man from India told of a – remarkable ment is giving protection, but many are farm which he had made a Christian necessarily under surveillance because of colony-but he was described as a liar the danger of spies. The British mis- by those missionaries who were his sionaries are treating their German neighbors in India. But of all lands, brethren as Christian comrades and are Syria, Armenia and Persia seem to be ready to offer ass'istance to any _who most prolific in false money-beggars. may be in need. Word has just reached us from The work of the German societies Canada that certain Armenians from shows a distinct gain over last year. Asia Minor have been deported (into The home income increased nearly the United States) f0r obtaining money $500,000, and 32,000 are added to the under false pretenses. They tell a good total number of communicants reported. story and have collected thousands of French, Netherlands and Scandinavian dollars. They produce letters from societies also report a gain over 1913. Bishops in Asia Minor and Persia and What will be the report next year? The even from Christian missionaries in Continental missions and missionaries America. There are nine of these men should be earnestly remembered in our engaged in -this business who have been prayers. Their missionaries are at work deported at one time, but there are in African colonies, in Turkey, Persia, hundreds of others who must be guard- Russia, India, Egypt, Micronesia, and ed against. Their letters are either other countries involved in the war. forged or obtained under – false repre- MISSIONARY "CONFIDENCE MEN" sentations, their photographs are unre- M ANY a good cause suffers because liable and their "orphanages" are mir- of its goodness, and many a gener- ages or belong to missions that have ous giver is imposed upon because of given them no authority to collect funds.

his – or her generosity. There are There is too much need for money in "fakirs" in missionary circles as well as reliable missionary work for Christians in business, and it is advisable that to be careless stewards. If unknown those whose hearts prompt them to give men and women call, their stories to the great work of God and the relief should be inyestigated and if found un- of suffering humanity shaH investigate true the police should be notified.

OF THE PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETIES OF THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE

(Copyright, 1915, by the M,SS'ONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.) STATISTICS GATHERED BY PASTOR E. BERLIN, GERMANY (See page 60) FOREIGN MISSIONARIES NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER HEATHEN PHYSICIANS LAST YEAR .!:l CONTINENT OF <<>> EUROPE ….0..:. Foreign Countries in which Missions are NAME OF ORGANIZATION V) Sustained and Number of Missions (Abbreviated) "..0: (5 1. Germany I 1 I I 1 I Berlin •.•••…..•.•.••••.••..•••• 1824 $380,812 I $59,052 1181 2 33 113 : 31 2971 31 I 1,615 1,646 1,9431 6;: I 58 39,023 34,552 5,620 I 309 3,630 1 5,620 I ? 12 295 738 29,7141 21 ? I 18,504 China, (2), Eastern and Southern Africa. 166 220 2, 1 96,325 i i 46 4,140 12,410 7,471 1,339 1,393 7,471 i '66 523 2 84 Breklum …………•…..••.•.•• 1877 2: [… ~ 21 1 7 54 …. 166 29 43 2,638[' …• 1 18,000 India, Africa (2 leper asylums). 1,211 67 106 ,; 34 ! 104 184 Charity in the East……. . • • • . • • .. 1896 112,524 :1 3 3 10 ;I ? ? •… 1 …. [ 2 29 *37 3,400 1 3 ? Turkey, Asia Minor. General Prot. Miss. Union •••..•… 1884 46 …. German Baptist …••.••.••.••.•••• 1890 I 6 1,053 1,154 13 19 I 5,918 I 5; 1 14 8 21 360 479 ?3 ? ? 2 154 103]' 2 3 6,087 Japan, China. 67,315 I , I 25 31 3,557 ••.. 17 1 . . . . 39 7 60 128 9 ? 3,124 312 :J 8 1,643 1 6 2 ? German West Africa. 59,4961 2,367 ! ?30 6 218 German East Africa .•.•.•••….••• 1886 62,860 3,432 19 ' … . 25 80 •… 104 :: 1 1,278 990 571 109 1 104 3,850 ] •.•• German East Africa. German Orient …….•..•••..•••• 1900 5,122 1 32,359 i 1 ••.. 2 31 1 ?1 *4 *290 I 1 1 5,072 Bulgaria, Turkey, Persia, Russia. •••• i 8,873 4 4 73 507 i ····1 ? 66 341 10,106 1' … •••• i 3 Gossner ••……•……••.•.•••… 1836 99,9261 14,1541, 47 ..•• 8 37 9 101 43 1,010 34,538 66,371 12,125 1,541 4,872 12,125 I 459 (2 asylums for lepers), India (3), German West Africa. Hermannsburg ..•………….•.•• 1849 134,923 I Jerusalem Union …………•….. 1852 32,554 35,867 61 , •… 55 3 119 4 356 220 34,945 42,268 1,769 1,353 2,933 43 287 (Asylum for lepers), India, South Africa, Persia.

….. i 1 2 63 22 4 2 ? ? '::-:1 5 12 10,::: Ii : : : : Palestine. 3 3 Kaiserswerth …..•.•….•••.•.••. 1836 ?I 128 67 6 5 474 4 7,422 Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor, Turkey.

Leipsic .•……•…….•• , …….. 1836 225,636 937 56 1 …. 7 17 81 23 148 171 252 287 11,132 12,034 717 924 904 717 230 357 19,237 1 26,594 India. British and German East Africa. 11899096 61,233 9, 1 96 174 . …………..•……• 1j 29 1 …. 19 29 78 .••. I 96 37 3,015 ? *437 *78 *437 '39 *2,0281 …. 2 Micronesia (China, see China Inland Missi<>n). Lelbenzell 325,789 524 2,170 2,537 Moravians *…………………. 1732 *52,381 50 108 255,688 i 142 1 …. 40 172 12 367 48 2,122 187 35,238 65,368 6,773 660 3,793 1,535 189 25,375 9 256 440 36,198 4 India, South and Central Africa, West Indies, South and 2 38 41' 1,523 1 …. Central America, Australia, Indians, Eskimos. Neuendette1sau ….•..•……….. 1886 473 II 26 …. , ..•• 8 22 2 58 … . 50 29 2,718 1,260 1,636 364 154 1,636 …. 1,050 New Guinea, Queensland.

N eukirchen ….•……••••.•…•.. 1881 43,519 630 I 33 I 1…. ? 9 43 … . 129 129 172 38 ? 3,111 1,043 161 841 311 15 253 2 20 41 2,442 7 31,183 Java, British and German East Africa.

North German ………" ………. 1836 128,579 I 11,448 1 21 1 •… .••• 5 9 51 6 245 251 302 164 ? 4,955 6,386 406 628 9071 406 •… 1 87 187 7,224 German and British West Africa. Rhenish ..••……….•…..••.•• 1828 312,4881 25 385 6113 116,531 23,625 Eight Other Societies ..•.••..••.•.. .:..:.:..:.1 217,864! I = 77,6451 171 4…. 20 40 I 2,881 i 2,921 3,306 117 42 ? 1 102,622 9,231 16,891 23,625 73 43,624 7 277 839 50,549 2 6 83,744 South Africa, Dutch East Indies (5), China. 2,446,5831 3,048 3,871 742 Total •…•••……..•..•.•••.•• 17,0181 68 3 . • . . 87 27 212 21 144[" 49 ? I 4,752 368,276 62,954 205 ~I~I-?- ? 1 10 87 6,108 1 4 ? –rn 146 358 500,486 –s4Q l—-ui I i l l -70-4 i l l -3-6-3 -2,-16-6 I 9,169 9,387 11,553 I ?108 278,356 19,336 35,957 56,856 755 80,358 54 1,601 3,630 190,4341 26 29 197,656 I iii 1 1 I ! iii 1 1 I Bas}~oc~:~~~~~~~~~•••••.••• 1815 1 483,242 127,685 1 214 5…. 125 190 Ii 33 __ 567 57 i 2,0391 2,096 2,663 73 : 816 39 41,166 30,435 5,346 3,450 I 3,501 5,346 5,640 12 261 853 56,611 6 8 65,214 India, China, German (2) and British West Africa. 24 21 ? 2,994 South Africa, Portuguese East Africa. Mission Romande •.•.•..••..•••••• 1875 I 69,125 12,866 18 4 10 77.:..:.:..:. ~"I ~ ~ 1_31 ~ ~ 2,529 151 I 18 2,994 ? 2 68 101 3,191 3 ..•• 216, 30,435 8,340 3,601! 3,519 I 8,340 Total (incl. one other society)… I 555,390 140,551, 232 9 1381 59 654 57 I 2,147, 2,204 2,8581 86 ; 898 39 43,695 5,640 14 329 954 59,802 9 8 –65–,21–4 — — — — — -. – —— .n '.'" I " I ", '" I "" Pari~;o!~a~~.~ ,I…. " .•.•••••.•.••••• 18221 I I .. ! "'" '"'''' ".'" I"'" I".'" ?? ? ? t24,040 i? ? Africa (5), Melanesia (2), Polynesia. "'.'" '".''' I " I 'SO , =1= 4. Netherlands 25,536 1,490 71 1…. 2! 3 i 2! 15 i …. I ?161 16 31 6 5 …. 1 645 1,541 ? I 44 …. i ? 1 40 16 1,000 zI 2 38,000 Dutch East Indies (2).

Neth. Mennonite Union ••••••••.••• 1847 Neth. Missionary Union ••••••.•••• 1858 *27,209 *3,007 i ? 12….. .•. 4 31 19 ••.• i 80 1 80 99 10 20 …. i 1,408 1,358? 64 79 ? 1 33 30 1,611 4 1 3 24,151 Dutch East Indies.

Netherland Society ••••••••••.•••• 1797 80,565 1 ?1 19 31 1 8 i ?: 8 1 39 •.. , i 159 159 198 15 159 …. I ? 18,503 ? ' 911 1,061 ? 2 32 126 10,845 2 2 61,487 Dutch East Indies (3).

? : ? 51,655 II 153 i 16 146 .•.• ! 7,647 ? i 506 i 649 1 ? Dutch East Indies (2), Dutch New Guinea. Utrecht Union ……………….. 1859 18. ••. . ..•…. I ? ' …. : 18 …. I 153 171 ? 1 33 128 ?I–?- 4,567 1 …. ········1 59,286 ?831 60 Four Other Societies•••••••••••••• iIi = l—m ——m I 14 27 244,251 ~ –8-6 1–4 –1 ? I " 113 1 . "'1 ? ?1 3,000 _ _6 _ _ ? '] 30. .•• 24 : 41 58 ••.. 1 i 83 141 I' 20 1 50 ••.. I 1,177 [ 1,410 Total •••…•••…….••••• ••••• i 11491 640 ~ I 380 -.-..-. 3,230 30,459 –?-: 1,6381 1,789 –?- ? 5 138 360 21,023 15 7 1123,638 5. Scandinavia I 3~ 6 1 Danish Society . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . , 1821 119,885 1 2 •••. 26 21 86 7 263 270 356 20 42 7 1,032 1,613 286 136 ? 64 3,035 3 3 83,591 India, China. Seven Other Danish Societies.••••. 53,000 China. 782 10 12 34 … . 25 25 59 7 ? ? ? ? 55 ..• 9 360 3 ? South Africa, Madagascar (2), China (2 asylums for lepers). India, Ceylon, South Africa. Norwegian Luth. China Mission ..•• 1890 68,942 131 19 1 •.•. 17 9 46 … . 89 89 135 11 27 716 130 176 30 ? ? 1 18 11 401 1 ? China, Chinese Turkestan, Belgian and French Kongo, Russia. Norwegian Miss. Society……….. 1842 248,925 6,679 India. East Africa (3). *68 *2 *2 …. *58 -30 *160 lOt 1,460 1,561 1,721 49 ?114 883 30,301 57,633 5,680 2,662 3,956 5,680 813 23,365 7 23~ 221 8,989 3 3 25,350 German Southwest Africa, China. Japan. Three Other N <>rwegian Societies… • .•. 28,115 193 8 …. 6 7 21 ?127 132 153 7 67 1,378 2,269 657 329 141 657 64 1,276 Church of Sweden Miss•••…….. 1874 88,907 4,775 266 271 340 20 119 5,237 Belgian Kongo. Swedish Missionary Union .•…..•• 1878 123,637 1,422 24 1 •••• 2 22 20 69 297 297 424 18 92 3,420 4,246 1,573 395 301 1,573 1 40 230 5,876 21 ? Swedish National Society …•….•. 1856 3,909 239 337 3 20 101 2,576 98,080 ! 56 1 …. 40 30 127 1 20 201 3,394 ? 422 20 ? 14 1,512 2 4 I1 13,586 29 2 .••• 8 24 35 98 234 24 31 1,661 2,077 197 ? 1 .•.. 13,800 Seven Other Swedish Societies ….. . 134,006 1 ?I,033 20 1 ••.• 37 I 46 44 148 259 260 408 36 ?65 16 2,551 ? ? 60 1,500 1 8 ? Finnish Miss. Society ••…..•…..• 1859 66,894 1,752 141 212 27 •.•• 2 …. I 25 17 71 •.•• 141 12 63 1,848 1,675 284 150 2 66 61 3,715 2 2 8,695 Lutheran Finnish Society ………. 1873 16,033 2 •••• 4 2 3 11 …. 7 7 181 4 – -? – – 1 ? 1- -?- ?50 ? 22 2? 9 350 ····1···· 12 837 25,282 —- Total (incl. one small society) ..• 1,053,174 20,676 292 16 – 1 – 5 57 274 242 888 124 3,174 3,298 4,186 212 709 " 9181 46,301 69,908 7,910 4,789 4,736 7,910 – 1 – === – – 17 405 943 32,965 16 22 145,022 —— — 1,593 111,280 i I 1,621 121,161 — I ==== I 6. Belgium 1 ! II I i I Societe BeIge des Miss. Prot. au ! 1 . I I I I — — — — — — _ 1 – =~I1=~ 90 2,478 15,887 328,264 I I I= Kongo* 1 1910 ===4=,3=1=0 5,396 1,065371,582 499,078 90,040 No Report Rece I ived = I = 1 = = = 1 = Total Continent of Europe (1914 = 1 ~ ~ I~ Reports) ……….•.••……• — — —- — $4,503,883 [$732,148 [ 1,5081 j _6 /1,292 4,036 488/15,765 16,253 20,289 1 1,070 30,765 47'3781183'9421' 531,530 31,463 63,938 81,747 Total 1913 Reports.••..••••..••. i 469 3,812,3691 687,4731 1,435 41 I 6 378 1,081 657 3,802 14,887 15,356 19,1581 1,002 5,467 ?76 ! 356,694 623,791 89,580 94 2.189 5,456 301,568 63 36 567,580 'Signifies that no recent report was at hand. Last year's figures given. tReport incomplete. Rieport of "Miss. Fran~aise, Prot., et Kabylie" not received. tAn international society. "Includes both adults and children.

WODLD-WiDE

MISSIONADY NE S THE WORK AND THE WORLD year ago, the sum he named was com- pleted. Every penny earned will be "0 God'. Search for Man used in Christian work. "These stores THER religions have risen out of will support missionaries, they will pay man's search for God, but Chris- the salaries of ,ministers, they will comtianity is God's search for man. And fort the needy, they will furnish the we dare not interrupt it-we who have lessons of Christianity to the untaught." received only to give. It came to us Mr. Duke is sixty years of age, and has when we were savage and comfortless, been a member of a Baptist church for and has made us what we are, and from twenty-five years. Since his young manus it must go to the old and new peoples hood he has given a tenth of his earnof the earth. Asia, Africa, and these ings to Christian work. islands that sleep in the lap of the Pacific are pleading, 'We would see The Miuionary Physician Jesus.' " NOT long ago a missionary who "'Oh, where is He that trod the sea? studied theology and medicine was 'Tis only He can save.''' believed to be doubly equipped for the foreign field; now, concentration and Who Will Go? not diffusion is the word. Nevertheless, the idea that the missionary should be I N the United States there is one or- doubly equipped has been conserved, in- dained minister to every 594 people; asmuch as the spiritually minded mis~ in Africa there is one to every 82,152 sionary physician can do the work of the people; in Korea there is one to every physician and the evangelist. 123,7II people; in Japan there is one to every 172,538 people; in India there is The missionary physician has marvelone to every 321,448 people; in China ously unique opportunities which make there is one to every 476,462 people. possible his being a doubly equipped There are 1,557 principal cities in China man. His point of sympathetic contact, unoccupied by missionaries. The vast- physical disease, is assured from the ness of the caU seems to be beyond our very start. Further, if the doctor shall powers of comprehension. Certainly it inspire his nurses and helpers with the is beyond any adequate response on our evangelistic spirit to the extent of part as yet. creating an evangelistic atmosphere, one can scarcely imagine conditions more M The Profits for God suited to the winning of men to· the R. H. Z. DUKE, a Ba:>tist of Texas, Savior. In addition to all this the is giving to the cause of religion the hospital may send out its nurses through proceeds of his twenty-one "nickel" (five a city and find the distrest who would cents or 20d. per article) stores. He gladly come to the hospital-haven if and his wife agreed with their con- orily they could, and so may actually science four years ago to turn the earn- bring help and heal them. The ordinary ings of these stores to the use of Chris- evangelist must go to the mountain, hard tianity, when his savings should amount and obdurate with prejudice while the to a hundred thousand dollars. Over a

physician evangelist stands in his lot, Disciples of Christ beckons, and lo! the mountain comes to him, and truth-seeds are sent back for MEN and millions: these were the planting in the homes and villages 01' key words of the sixty-fourth anthe country.-Korea Mission Field. nual convention of the American Chris- tian missionary societies of the Dis- Perils in the Every-Member Canvass ciples of Christ, held in Atlanta, Ga. The attendance at several sessions of the I. Unprepared church for the canvass. convention numbered 10,000, including 2. Untrained leadership. 3,000 delegates. Thirty-eight States 3. Unprepared canvassers. were represented. Less than a year ago 4. Overemphasis on either budget for A. E. Cory of pncinnati, then a mis- sionary in China, was sent back to current expenses or missions. America by his fellow missionaries to plead for a quarter of a milIiondoIIars 5. The canvass is made an end, not a for missions. When he landed it was with the determination to raise $1,000,- means. 000. The Board of Missions had even 6. Inefficient check-up. greater faith and after much praying 7. Not foIlowed up quarterly. and planning the sum of $6,300,000 was 8. No missionary treasurer. decided upon for enlargement of mis- 9. AU done by the preacher. sionary and educational work at home ro. Not made annually. and abroad. R. A. Long of Kansas City gave $1,000,000, and the second million NORTH AMERICA is already nearly raised.

RAmerican Roman Catholics and Mis.ions The movement also has definite plans OMAN Catholics of the United for s'ecuring 1,000 young college men States are steadily advancing to first and women for missionary fields and is place in support of the missions of their adopting the "Every-Member Canvass" communion, and supplanting France in plan, giving each and every member of that respect. Ten years ago the French the denomination an opportunity to par- Church gave $815,000; five years ago, ticipate in the maintenance or extension $675,000; and last year, according to of its missionary, educational and reports just made public, $590,000. Ten benevolent interests. years' ago the United States Roman Catholics gave $45,000 a year, and last I Methodist Finances and War Relief year, according to the same report, N spite of the European war and busi- $44°,000. The headquarters of the one ness depression the regular receipts great Roman Missionary Society are at of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Lyons, with considerable offices in Paris Methodist Episcopal Church for 1914 and Rome. The Society's income last were $1,170,258.97. This shows an inyear was $1,622,996. It was the largest crease of $I2,789.57 over 1913, which in its history, but the total is far smaller had held the record as banner year. than that of a dozen Protestant societies in America. The great givers to Roman There was received in February from Catholic missions are, among American a friend whose name for the present is dioceses: New York, with gifts last year witheld from the public, securities, the amounting to $157,000; Boston, $57,000; market value of which at that time was Philadelphia, $53,000; Cleveland, $7,800, estimated at $175,000. The money wasand B,altimore, $7,100. Not a city in ta be used for the ~rection of a building Rom~J1' countries, like AUl'tria, Italy, at Budapest, Hungary, and another at Belgium anq.Spain, comes ,anywhere near Petrograd, ·Russia, and for the benefit of th,e gifts .~af these gener9us Roman the William Nast CoIlege at Kiukiang, Catholic Americans.–,-Th~Chfwchman.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

China; $50,000 was to be set aside for to fore given to Turkey. Successful rethe Permanent Fund of the Board. sults imply careful preparations, and the plans for this campaign included an The retired missiqnaries fund which illustrated and clever circular addrest was begun last year by a gift of $75,000 to all undergraduates, another circular was increased by a gift of $50,000. to all the alumni, a group of forty can- vassers representing dormitories, "frats" At the November meeting of the and clubs, wide advertisement by posters General Committee of the Methodist in dormitories and prominent points on Board, the effect of the war upon mis- the campus, an outside speaker to presion work was carefully considered. The sent the conditions in Turkey, a public loss of ministers and men in the belli- meeting where subscription cards were gerent countries and in neutral states passed and signed, followed by a canvass under military mobilization; the depres- of all the dormitories begun immediately sion of business in Italy, Scandinavia on Sunday night following the meeting. and Switzerland; the war rates of ex- On this night they reached 30 per cent. change in the trasmission of funds; the of the college and the next night the rise of prices, even in South America, attempt was made to complete the list. the Philippines and Korea; the demoralization of Mexico and the poignant Chinese Women Student. in America hurt of Belgium were cited. A strong committee recommended an appeal to ONE of the most significant pieces of the Church to raise by special collections work carried on by the Foreign at least $225,500 for war relief. Department of the National Board of Young Women's Christian Associations Missionary Exhibits Accessible is the hold which it has obtained upon Oriental young women studying in T HE Missionary Education Movement America, . Association leaders have has organized a department to act brought them, as far as possible, into as an interdenominational agency for the close touch with the best American home supply of material which may be rented life, and the generosity of one friend for missionary exhibits, entertainments, has made it possible for every Oriental plays, and meetings. woman student in the United States to be invited each year to one of the sum- It has issued a "Catalog of Exposition mer conferences conducted by the Naand Exhibit Material," in which are an- tional Board in various parts of the nounced costumes, scenery, curios, and country. It is appropriate, therefore, other accessories used in dramatic pres- that the Association should concern itentation in connection with missionary self with the coming of ten Chinese girts, education. This material is illustrative the first to be sent on the American Inof the life, customs, and religions of demnity Fund, tho China has sent numnearly alL non-Christian peoples and of bers of young men in the last five years'. several phases of Home Mission work. It is a striking fact that they are all The catalog may be procured from any Christians, and eight of them are da:ughof the Home or Foreign Mission Boards ters of Chinese Christian clergymen, or Societies, or direct from the Mission- They were chosen by competitive examiary Education Movement, New York. nations held in English in Peking. All the way from China officers of the How Dartmouth Students Did It· Y. W. C. A. have had friendly oversight of the girls, and the National Board in A MISSIONARY finance campaign at New York will assist in sdecting the' Dartmouth College, Hanover, New schools they will attend. ,It is a chal- .Hampshire, in the interests of the work at. Mardin, Turkey, raised $712, in contr~st to the $35 that Dartmouth has here-

lenge to the Christian Church of the $750,000. Last year those churches and United States, in whatever institutions organizations which are reckoned in the or communities these young women may tabulation of missionary offerings confind their home, to put about them the tributed $604,895, being $42,794 in exstrongest Christian influences and to see cess of the previous year; so that it that these women from far-off Chinese seems probable that the larger amount, churches shall be so matured in their $750,000, will be contributed. All this Christian life that they may go back to is heartening, in view of the hundred become leaders in the vital development and one demands made upon Christian of the womanhood of China. individuals and churches; in view of th.e business depression that has prevailed; Oriental. at Service. in California and in view of the many, Christians and others, who are not enthusiastic in the I T is worthy of note that when the matter of missionary operations. When crypt of the new cathedral in San three hundred and fifty busy Christian Francisco was dedicated this year, men gather at a banquet at such a time "From Greenland's Icy Mountains" was as this, and resolve to go forward in this sung by a choir from the Japanese mis- matter of advancing the Kingdom of sion, and "Jesus shall Reign where'er the God, it may be expected that, by the Sun," by a Chinese choir. Addresses blessing of God, the end will be achieved. were also ·given by Chinese and Japan- -Canadian B($ptist. ese clergymen. Fifteen hundred and fifty-three Bibles and New Testaments LATIN AMERICA were presented to the officers and men of two Japanese cruisers in San Fran- Improvement in Porto Rico cisco. Representatives of the Bible Society, of the Federation of Churches REV. C. J. RYDER, who went to and of the Japanese-American evan- Porto Rico in 1902 to open the gelization society, Dendo Dan, partici- Congregational miSSion, has recently pated' in the formal presentation which visited the island, and writes in The took place on the afterdeck of Admiral Advance of the marked progress in these Kuroi's flagship, the Asama. The flag- twelve years along industrial, educaship's band played the national airs of tional, ethical, and religious lines. He the two countries, and in addition, "I says: "The sanctity of the home has love you, California," which, in view of been emphasized by the Protestant Californian legislation, indicates a rea- churches that have been established. The sonable spirit of forgivenes.s· on the part public school system developed by the of the visitors.-Record of Christian superintendent of education of the Work. United States is excellent and compre- hensive. It includes kindergarten, in- CANADA dustrial training and high-school work in many of its schools. An excellent Missionary Giving in Toronto university has been erected at Rio Pied- ras that would be an honor to any SEVEN years ago, the combined giv- country. '(he percentage of illiteracy ings of the Protestant churches in has been reduced and bright, energetic Toronto to missionary objects amounted students are being trained in these difto about $150,000. In November, 1907, ferent institutions." Industrially, the the Laymen's Missionary Movement, at most striking feature is the gradual its inaugural meeting, decided to make development of a middle class, which did the objective for the ensuing .year; not exist when Spain surrendered the $350,000. That objective was attained; island. and now the objective for the current year has been made no less than

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The Opportunity in Mexico local Evangelical Alliance has been in successful operation for several years. A LARGE number of former pupils The membership is made up of repre- of the People's Institute, a school sentatives of the same four organizaconducted by the Disciples of Christ at tions. It holds monthly meetings for its Piedras Negras, are now occupying members, and has carried through sevpositions of influence in the government eral union evangelistic efforts. This of Mexico, or in its army. It was of year it is holding a monthly union this school that Carranza, when he was prayer-meeting which itinerates from president of Coahuila, said that twenty- one church to another in 'widely separfive such institutions would permanently ated parts of the city.-WM. B. BOOMER cure Mexico of revolutions. Rev. S. C. in Assembly Herald. Inman, the Principal, writes that the wonderful opportunities in Mexico pre- Disciples' Commission on Latin America sented to the Evangelical churches today, make it difficult to be patient until RECOGNIZING the great part Latin peace is assured before the great body America is to play in the world's of missionaries return to Mexico. Every community is disorganized. The Roman life in the twentieth century and the Catholic churches and the public schools great need of the Christian forces' of are still closed, and rich families who North America to contribute in the generally lead in the community life broadest and most scientific way to the have not yet returned' from the United development 9f this life, a Commission States. This is a time for manifesting on Latin America has been named to some of the old heroic spirit of missions. represent the Disciples of Christ in the Mr. Inman asks: "Has our missionary new movement· toward our neighborscience and carefulness brought us to ing republics of the South, which is being the point where we are willing to walk felt in all parts of North America. Comonly by sight? How much longer will mercial and political relationships bethe whole Evangelical Church in North tween the two continents will not be America stand in an attitude of watch- solved save by a uniting in spiritual reful waiting while these people are neg- lationships. To bring about the latter lected at the time they most need our means a more thorough study of the hishelp and our message." tory and philosophy of life of the people of South America, and a deeper appre- Miaaionary Cooperation in Chile ciation of them than the North Ameri- can has s'o far been willing to accord. T HE last three or four years have It is the aim of the Commission to con- seen considerable advance in co- tribute as far as possible to the formaoperation among the American and tion of broad and sure foundations for English evangelical forces in Chile. In the future friendship of the peoples of the southern part of the country an in- the two continents. terdenominational Sunday-school Association holds a successful annual con- DR.Earl Taylor on South America vention, in which workers of the Church S. EARL TAYLOR, of the of England, the Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- Presbyterian Churches of the United sions, who has recently returned from a States and of the Christian and Mission- trip through South America, reports ary Alliance work together harmoni- that: "There are many chances for mis- sionary work in Panama, and cooperation ouSlY. between mis'sionaries laboring in the northern part of South America and in In Santiago, the capital of Chile, a

Mexico is likely eventually to solve many England and the Continental Missions problems." M' LE PASTEUR BIANQUIS (Sec- Ecuador is the only country in South America from which Protestant mission- retary of the Paris Missionary So- aries have ever been expelled. "In other ciety) in writing a letter of thanks to countries of South America," he said, the London Missionary Society, for cer- "a number of the churches, particularly tain services rendered to his Society the Protestant Episcopal, have been in- says: strumental in securing civil liberty. Conditions are excellent in Bolivia and "I have already told you how touched Peru. The government of Bolivia sub- I was by the tokens of Christian frater- scribes to the support of the Methodist nity which your Society has given us. Episcopal school. Chile contains the We do not believe that our country will 'Yankees' of South America. Argentine be subjected to a defeat, but we believe is growing as our West did in the early the victory will be very hard to win, and days, and with this difference, that her that it will leave us exhausted for many pioneer towns are according to the years."-L. M. S. Chronicle. standards of new towns that are develop- ing in a state like Ohio, for instance. War and the MeAll Mission There are great opportunities in Peru and Chile." MOST of the leaders in the McAll Mission are now in the trenches on EUROPE the battle lines in northern France, and the work of the Mission is being kept Difficulties of Bible Work up for the most part by the wives and children of the workers who are in the IN the continental countries which are army. now at war the British and Foreign Bible Society's normal work is largely at Five of the Paris mission halls have a standstill. Indeed, many of its col- been converted into workrooms for porteurs-who number nearly 200 in women whom the war has rendered des- those countries-have been called out to titute. Two meals a day are provided, serve with the colors', and are now in and a small sum of money is given to some cases fighting against each other. each woman. The Mission workers are The mobilization authorities in Turkey on half-pay, which is entirely insufficient, have even laid hands on the Society's and if the war lasts more than three workers in places as remote as Port Said, months it is a question how the workers Bagdad and Mosul. Since hostilities can live. began, however, it has been found pos- sible to distribute 130,000 Testaments and Meanwhile the work of the Mission Gospels among the German and Aus- is more necessary than ever. Part of its trian soldiers; while the Society's agents work has been conducted on two boats in Russia have been authorized to dis- that went up and down the little rivet's . tribute Gospels as far as practicable of northern France running through the among the Russian armies. Within the terrible battlefields. One of these boats British Empire, the Society has already was at Meaux, on the Marne, when the supplied 300,000 New Testaments and war broke out. With the approach of Gospels for distribution among the troops the Germans toward Paris it was a proceeding to the front-recn~its, refu- military necessity to sink all the· boats gees, p'ri~oners. of war, "and wounded that could help the invaders across the! soldiers-in the various ,languages re- river, and a Mission boat, Le Bon M es- quired. sager, on whose wide decks in days of peace the Gospel was so often preached, was sunk by a detachment of English troops. J

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The War and Strong Drink workers,- and having 246,6g0 communi- I T was in r899, in October of which cants, carryon active service in the year the South African war broke out, regions beyond. In our own Mission, that the drink: bill of England reached over 100 Germans are united wit:h us in its highest point-namely 186 millions. evangelizing China, and they are a most From this it gradually fell in ten years devoted body of men and women. These to 155 millions, rising again to 166 mil- are facts which are not to be forgotten, lions last year. The principal com- and we should beware of any spirit of batants in the present struggle appear to generalization which leaves them out of have no faith in the fortifying properties account. In our prayer and praise then of alcohol. From the press we learn let us be sure to remember all of the that Lord Kitchener has intimated that German Christians as "brethren be- "No presents of cases of wine or spirits loved."-China's Millions.

can be accepted for the troops at the front, and no consignments of this Spiritual Quickening in Spain nature will be forwarded to them." THE leader of the Presbyterian Germany.-"There is absolutely no al- churches in Spain; Senor Don Cip- coholic liquor being sold. The sale has riano Tornos, was, as a young man, a evidently been forbidden." Catholic and court preacher to Queen France.-"The manufacture of ab- Isabella II. He was converted to evan- sinthe has been suspended." gelical Christianity by study of the Bible Russia-"The drink shops throughout when preparing for a debate against the Empire ha'e been closed since the Protestantism. For many years he has mobilization began, and Russia is now been one of the ablest leaders of the mOTe sober than the State of Maine." Reformation in Spain. The largest In various parts of England some re- Protestant Church in Madrid, with a duction is proposed in the hours for the membership of over 200, occupies a sale of drink, but such petty reforms building which has also been converted will never meet the case. from Catholicism. It is a gloomy struc- ture in a narrow street and was once I A -Good Word for German. the residence of a leading Inquisitor. N these days when so much criticism Subterranean pas-sages lead to torture is being exprest toward Germany, it is chambers. For many years the buildwell for us to remember that in the ing was occupied by the depot of the midst of that people are many godly Bible Society.- Now it res"Ounds with saints to whom the world owes an un- the voices of Sunday-school children.

payable debt of obligation and gratitude. MOSLEM LANDS Not all German theologians are higher Mi••ionariea Safe in Turkey critics, and not a few are deeply evan- gelical. Also, many of our best de- THE American Board received, No- votional writers are Germans. Also, the vember 10th, through the State De- German misionary spirit is a strong one. partment at Washington the following In former days, Gutslaff-one of the dispatch from W. W. Peet of Constanti- pioneer missionaries in China-was the nople, treasurer of all the Board's Turk- example and inspirer of Mr. Hudson ish missions: Taylor, and thus, in a sense, he was the "American Ambassador with hearty co- founder of the China Inland Mission. operation of Turkish officials has situa- In the present days, some tw~nty-~ tion com,Pletely in hand. Missionaries missionary societies. having a totltI men'i~ and their WQ,k fully safeguarded. Every- bership of 2,II5 forei?'J1,and 8,766 nativ.,e thing proceeding as' though normal con-

ditions prevailed. You may safely re- particularly vitalizing just now and the assure all friends." Jewish work is not interfered with."

This means that the American Board's A Arab Againat Arab 174 misionaries at twenty centers all MISSIONARY writes home: over the Turkish Empire, together with "The day Dr. and Mrs. A. K. Ben- their homes, their schools, their seven nett left for Bagdad there was a little colleges and nine hospitals are not only disturbance that threatened to turn into safe from injury, but are proceeding rather serious trouble between some with their work as tho Turkey were MUlltefib Arabs and the head of the not at war. Great credit is due to Am- Arabs here. For a few days the most bassador Morgenthau for his skill and wild-looking Arabs from all around enterprise in conserving their manifold Busrah came in to fight for their leader, interests. The dispatch also gives grat- but I think they have all returned to . ifying evidence that the Turkish Govern- their villages. Miss Holzhauser had ment appreciates the worth of the Ameri- planned to stay on her side of the creek can missionary enterprise among its at night, because she wanted to be near people.-Congregationalist. the hospital, but during the disturbance she slept here. But she has gone back The Situation in Palestine again, and the dispenser and his wife are staying with her so she is not alone." MISSIONARIES of the Christian and Misionary Alliance in Pales- The Situation in Persia tine report as follows: AT present the population of Persia "Most of the English and Scotch is nearly 10,000,000, 9,500,000 of missionaries have left Palestine and which are Mohammedans. There are much of the German Mission work as well as the French ·Roman Catholic ac- eleven Provinces, the capital is Teheran. tivity is suspended. Altho the Shah is the nominal ruler he has little real authority. The south- pur mission intends to prosecute our ern part of Persia is under the in- work in so far as possible. American fluence of Great Britain, and the north- institutions hold vantage ground just ern part is under Russian influence. now, but even they are facing serious The Persians are making an effort to difficulties. Local' opposition to our build up their own government, but work in Beersheba has again been mani- they are gradually growing weaker, and fest.ed by the officials there, and we may Persia seems destined to be swallowed be compelled to withdraw our staff for up by her neighbors. They have no a time. The Scotch Mission Hospital funds to keep a standing army. in Hebron is closed, and it may be found advisable to shut up OUf mission house While nearly all the inhabitants arc there. Itineration is impossible. We Mohammedan, there are many sects: are thankful that we are still unhindered in Jerusalem, and onlyan unprecedented Most of these sects believe in the upheaval would make work and residence Koran, but some do not believe in its here impossible. We have sent notices inspiration. There are also fifty or to our Boarding-school students that if sixty thousand fire worshipers, or they will bring their full fee when they Parsees; 70,000 nominal Christians, the c<;>me;. ~e hope to be able to open both Armenians and Nestorians; and about schools' as .welI'"as -the Bible Training 40,000 Jews. School. We do this in the hope! that Several Protestant denominations have will all promised help from America be missionaries in Persia and the Roman Catholics have a school for,· boys in forthcoming. The church services are U rumia, with 70 to 90 students being

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trained for the priesthood. They also and industrial knowledge to modernize have a girls' school where 60 girls are our ancient and glorious land." being taught. Most of the 20 or more priests are married and have children. AT A Great Ingathering They have church buildings in Tabriz Bulandshahr, ninety miles north of and in Teheran and other places, but their Agra on the Delhi Meerut road, the congregations are small. The American Rev. J. S. C. Banerji, after three years' Presbyterians have a school for Chris- steady work and patient teaching, is betian children and another one for Mo- ginning to see a mass movement. On hammedan boys', and have four self- August 27th some 80 Chamars were bapsupporting churches-between twenty tized. These people are the leather and thirty small congregations with workers of India, and though not so low about 1,400 members. They also have in caste as the sweepers, yet they are some small schools'. outcastes, part of the great "submerged tenth" of India. In the Rev. L. Perfumi's The work of the Russian Greek district of Meerut there is already a large Church is successful at present, as it is and flourishing Christian congregation under the control of the Russian Gov- drawn from this caste. Once begun, the ernment. Many nominal Christians join ties of caste and marriage prove a great their church for personal protection. source of evangelism. THe baptismal They have a school, where boys are service took place on the banks of the trained for the priesthood. There is Ganges canal. also a girls' schOol, and a press.

INDIA THE Work Amona Leper. Rev. K"Cannon, chairman of the The Pre.ent Problem in India Calcutta Church Council, among his many other duties has the supervision MR. RABINDRA NATH TAGORE, of the work at the' Gobra leper asylum. in a stirring message to the Hindu- He writes.: There are about fifty Chris- tian lepe!~in the asylum, and there have stan Association of America, states what been four adult baptisms and six infant he considers to be the present problem of baptisms during the year. Leah, an old India: leper woman who has been in the asylum for over eleven years, was under in- "The present problem of India is not struction for two and a half years. Her political. We shall nev:er be able to fit greatest joy was kneeling down in prayer ourseJyes for higher privileges unless we to God. Without prayer sue found no can,do away with the narrowness of our true happiness. She only survived two mind and the weakness of our character. months after her baptism, and just before All the poison of ignorance, indifference her end she said, "I have waited for and disunion that are in. the very marrow baptism a long time, and now I am of our society are standing in the way going to Jesus' bosom." One old Chrisof our fullest development. Our war- tian woman, Martha, who is blind, fare is with these. We have to train preaches the Gospel every day to the nonourselves to extend our vision from the Christian lepers. And if, for any reason, family to wider circles and to eradicate she is .unable to preach, she can not eat the hedges of effete customs. We need her food. She seems always full of joy, the training of mixing with the outside and has a real love for the people around world. Following the beaten track of her. She is led about by another Christhe. drudgery of governmental clerkship, tian woman, Mary, who helps her to we have become disgracefully worthless. preach sometimes. For the first time, I Shake our country to its very foundation at this' point, and teach our countrymen to walk in pursuit of modern scientific

have taken the communion service in occasion of a banquet in his honor the Hindustani there, as very few know young ruler !Vade a speech in which Bengali. he said: "It is now twelve months since German Missions in India I was invested with ruling powers; THE Gossner Mission of Berlin (says during this time I have devoted myself to getting a grasp of the details of the Bombay Guardian) has a staff administration, and have only been able of 50 Europeans in Chota Nagpur and Bihar. Its Secretary, Rev. Paul Wag- to make a beginning with a few imner, has received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal. The situation of the Mission is portant reforms, which, God willing, critical. The Bishop of Chota Nagpur, should produce beneficent results in and others, are dealing with the need. time." The regulation of the age of The Schleswig Holstein Mission, with marriage for girls, education, and the more than 40 European missionaries opening of public libraries in all the working in the Vizagapatam District of important centers; the improvement of Madras and the Jeypore Agency, has the capital of the State with a view to already taken drastic action; 275 .Indian the prevention of plague, and also lookagents have been dismissed, ISO more ing to increasing the beauty and comput on half-pay, and a seminary of 78 fort of the city; the foundations of students closed. The Leipzig Lutheran municipal government under the guid- Mission works in the Tanjore, Madura, ance of British officers, and experiand Ramnad Districts of the Madras ments in the introduction of silk cul- Presidency and in Trichinopoly. Its ture: these are the reforms desired by monthly expenditure has been very large, the Maharaja. The young ruler has and is obtained by monthly remittances. fitted himself by study and travel for Since the war broke out nothing has been his difficult post-difficult if success- fully filled.-Indian Witness.

received. Schools have been disbanded Great Strides in Siam and children sent home. The Indian educational staff alone numbers 580. MISS MARGJRET McCORD writes Similar facts with slight variation are home from Bangkok: reported from other German Missions. "In the year that has passed, Siam has Continental Missions other than German made great strides along some lines. The are also in hardship. The strain of the railroad in the Malay peninsula, that will present crisis is upon them, and the pros~ in time join Bangkok to Singapore" and pect is still more serious. The National open to travelers the great beauty of the Missionary Council of India has been Malaya, is nearing completion. Toward facing the situation. The Bishop of the north the railroad is slowly creeping Chota Nagpur has proposed that there nearer to Chieng Mai. Some three years should be a personal appeal to every ago, three Siamese young men were sent English and American missionary to sub- to France to learn the mysteries of the scribe Rs. 10 a month while the need aeroplane. A few months ago, these men lasts. returned and brought with them the fruit A Ruler of Promise of their labors. Several days ago, we HE Maharaja Holkar of Indore bids heard a great shout from the children and T fair to become a ruler of whom a strange humming, buzzing sound over India may well be proud. He is twenty- our heads, and there passed three aero- four years of age, having attained to planes on their way to visit his Majesty, full sovereignty in his State three years who has been spending a few weeks in ago. At the end of his first year Lord his palace in the little city of Prapa- Hardinge visited the State, and on the tome. The journey, by these airships,

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was successfully made in forty minutes. Work in Chinese Cities' It takes our railroad train an hour and a half to make it. We hear that Siam THE Mission, China Council, and the is bringing five more airships into this Presbyterian Foreign Board have country, and the military activity is taking precedence over every other depart- sent Rev. Charles E. Scott, of Shantung, ment of State. For many years the water home to work up the "China Cities Evansupply of Bangkok has been the river and gelization Plan." The great and ancient the canals that act as the sewerage of the walled cities of China are now open to city; but a system of supplying the city the Gospel for the first time. There is a with well-filtered water is fast nearing feeling on the field that relatively too completion. There is also an extensive much emphasis has been put on the school scheme for irrigation being planned, with work at the expense of the evangelistic the hope that this fertile land may pro- work. This proposition seeks to correct duce the utmost from well-watered fields. the emphasis, in so far as we can.Seven- teen hundred great walled cities, with CHINESE REPUBLIC thousands of smaller administrative cen- ters are now open for the first time to The Flavor of the Gospel the missionaries, a marvelous condition of affairs. This is due to a series of· ACHINESE evangelist in Shantung international events in the Far East, discovered a truly remar~able per- which have made the Chinese leaders son in a village seldom visited by mis- dissatisfied with their religion, realizing sionary preachers. About five years ago their impotence. 1£ we do not quickly this old man had by some means secured meet this opportunity and give them the a large-print Gospel of St. John. When Gospel, for what they have given up, the the evangelist arrived, the old man tide will turn, and we will lose our opshowed that he understood the message: portunity, as it was lost in Japan. Gen- "I know that Jesus· came down from eral Li Yuan Hung, Vice-President of God, from Heaven. I have the book that the Chinese Republic, himself a Christells about Him, Yo-han Iu-yin ('John's tian, has urged the missionaries to press Good News'). I read it constantly." He this upon the home church. "Five years was told that St. John'S was only one of hence will be too' late." many sacred writings; he replied: "I do not care for any others; this flavor is Moral. Taught in Chinese Schools excellent; I read this constantly, and ten parts (i.e., perfectly), believe in Jesus. UNDER the caption "Will Teach You need not exhort me to trust in Him. Morals in Chinese Schools" the For nearly five years I have read about Philadelphia Public Ledger of recent date Him in this book, a~d wa~t nothing bet- devoted a column to an account of the ter." The evangelist then taught the old system of ethics and religious training man to pray, and urged him to become just authorized by the Chinese minister acquainted with the communities of of education, Mr. ~t'ang Hua-Iung, for the Christians near him, with whom he might public schools of the Chinese Republic. have fellowship. The nearest missionary "Mr. Tang," says the Ledger, "holds that says: "We have sent him a large-print morality and right living are as much a New Testament, and invited him to visit part of the educational equipment of us. This man knows no church, no or- China's youth as are mathematics, readdinances, no fellowship, no teacher, Sl!-ve ing and writing. He .has approved a Jesus' book, and the Holy Spirit, who plan which, without interfering with the reveals the deep things of this simplest, constitutional declaration assuring comprofoundest Gospe1." plete religious liberty and freedom of be-

lief in the Chinese Republic, will admit hospitals, free schools, public lecture as part of the curriculum in the primary halls, prisons, a Door of Hope and one schools principles of morality and right insane asylum. The very existence of living enunciated by China's great sage, these institutions under Chinese man- Confucius, and essential Christian prin- agement is itself a proof of the leaven- ciples." This is only a step, but it is a ing influence of Christian ideas, and a step in the right direction. Christian prophecy of the power that will come missions must supplement this teaching to the nation when the spirit that is with the message of the "Gforious Gospel behind such enterprises fully controls of the Blessed God." the people.

The institution showing the greatest The End of "White WolE" development of a really scientific solu- tion of a social problem was the in- ALL who remember the reports that dustrial prison, completed about a year have come from time to time of the and a half ago, the superintendent of attacks on life and property committed which traveled all through Japan and by the company of Chinese bandits led. Europe studying prison construction by the notorious "White Wolf" will read and discipline. with especial interest the following item from a letter written by Mr. James Stark, Sunday-Schools in Heathen Temples of the China Inland Mission: T "The 'White Wolf' was, some time ago, HE decay of heathenism and the advance of Christianity is evireported as having been killed in Honan, and the payment of the reward offered denced in the new opportunities for for his head authorized by the Central Sunday-school work in the Far East.

Government, but in some quarters doubt These are especially noticeable in has since been exprest as to whether or China. This progress was manifest to not the announcement has foundation in members of the World's Sunday-school fact. In any case, the activity of this .law- Association Oriental Commission, when less leader and his followers has ceased, the party visited Kiukiang, on the and the provinces which principally suf- Yangtse river, a city of 82,000, and fered at their hands now enjoy quiet. The the center of a populous district of Szechwan soldiers, whose presence and 5,000,000 souls. They were very much reputation on the Shensi border did much imprest by the work being done there to save the situation in the Hanchung by Miss Jennie F. Hughes, a Methodist plain, have been recaIled."-China's Mil- misionary and an enthusiastic Sunday- lions. school worker. Her "Bible Women's A Public Institutions in Peking Training-school" is turning out num- bers of Sunday-school teachers, and T the Y. M. C. A. student confer- everyday-school in her district is a ence in North China this past Sunday-school as well. Over 2,000 boys summer, the general topic was "Social tmd girls are enrolled in these district Service and the Christian Message." schools. Old picture post cards· are As a part of the preparation for this, given as a reward for attendance, red a group of students representing three paper bearing a Bible verse in Chinese of the colleges in and near Peking having been pasted over the address.

spent ten days in the metropolis study. There are seven Sunday-school& in the ing its institutions of a public nature, city, with an attendance of 1,500 pupils, and at the conference they made re- and the city authorities have thrown ports upon all the institutions visited. open the Confucian and Buddhist tem- These included poorhouses, orphanages, ples for free use as Sunday-schools.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Chinese School for the Deaf direction and advice for their athletics. Over 500 students are organized in Bible A PRESBYTERIAN elder in Hang- classes, and the efficiency of the asso- chow (Province of Chefoo) had a ciation's leaders in their behalf is indideaf son whom he sent to the mission cated by the fact that 125 joined vaschool for the deaf at Chefoo. When rious churches during last year as an the boy graduated he quickly secured acknowledgment of the truth of what a position at the Commercial Press, they had been taught from the Bible. Shanghai. This so pleased the father All students in Peking are really Conthat a second son, not deaf, was sent fucianists or Christians. to take the same training. With this son as a teacher, the father has now JAPAN-KOREA opened a school for the deaf in his own home at Hangchow. The mother, Protestant Missions in Japan Mrs. Tse, is matron, and there are already six pupils in residence. Mr. THE Rev. H. Loomis gives the statis- Tse has interested 20 of the leading tics of Protestant Missions in Japan Christians belonging to the five mis- for 1913 as follows, the figures for 1912 sions in Hangchow, who have organ- being in parentheses: Adult baptisms, ized a society, "The Founders of the 6848 (6089); communicants, 80,383 Hangchow School for the Deaf." They (73,226); C h u r c h – members, 98,325 purpose to finance the school without (90,469); organized Churches, 858 the aid of foreign funGs. This is a (831); self-supporting Churches, 182 characteristic instance of the budding (186); partly self-supporting Churches, of institutional life in the Church of 675 (645); preaching places, 1256 China.-Record of Christian Work. (1280); ordained Japanese ministers, 728 (702); unordained Japanese minis- A Live Y. M. C. A. ters and helpers, 732 (652); Sunday- school scholars ~.nd teachers, 108,495 THE Y. M. C. A. of Peking, which is (106,580) ; amount of Japanese contribu- supported by the students and alumni tions (in yen), 374,538 (318,693). The of Princeton University has at the cen- increase in adult baptisms and communitral building a membership of about cants is remarkable. 1,300 young Chinese men, drawn from the student and business classes of the AA Government Christian Lecture Hall Chinese capital, who enjoy just. such GOSPEL hall was opened in Ueno privileges in their building as d() the P"rk, Tokyo, on the grounds of the members of similar institutions in Ameri- great Taisha exposition in which all can cities. Japan and many foreign lands partici- . The various educational institutions in pated. At the dedicatory services the Peking have under their instruction not Mayor of Tokyo, Baron Sakatani, less than 7,000 young men upward of J6 abandoned his MSS. to speak in warm years of age. To them the Association extemporized words of the special value appeals not merely with advantages for which he placed on this building and themselves, but with many challenges for its work. "It seemed," he said, "inservice. A social service club of stu- significant in comparison with the imdents from both government and mis- posing structures about it; yet, in his sionary colleges now has a membership opinion, it was the center of the most of over 200 men from thirteen different ptofound reality and value of the whole institutions. exposition. It alone represented spiri- tual achievement; all the rest referred The association exercises likewise a to material things only." Such senlarge influence over the students through timents seem not uncommon among

the leaders of present-day Japan. in action in their immediate environ- During the Sei Kokwai week 61 meet- ment.-Record of Christian W prk. ings were held, and over 7,000 persons came in and stayed through the ser- 5tatiaties from Korea vices, 384 responding to invitations to after – meetings. Seventy thousand THE Missionary Survey gives the foltracts were given out in a single week. lowing statistical summary of the Divinity school students and lay Christians cooperated actively in the work situation in Korea :-"The Northern of literature distribution. Presbyterian Mission is responsible for th:e evangelization of a population of Christian Buaineas Men in Japan 4,785,000; the Methodist Episcopal HE evangelistic meeting held in Church Mission for 3,000,000; the T Saga, described by the Rev. H. V. S. Southern Presbyterian Mission for Peeke, show strikingly the"' recent drift of 2,291,000, and the Southern Methodist public favor toward Christianity. At Mission for r,Il3,000; both tht;: Austrathe meeting greetings' were read from lian and Canadian Presbyterian Misthe Governor of the Province, the Mayor sions are responsible for more than a of the City, and from a Christian official million each. •The extent to which these at the head of the Kyushu Railway De- forces have succeeded in their respecpartment. After the sermon addresses tive fields may be approximately indiwere made by Madame Hirouka, the cated by the following figures: The wealthy business woman, sixty-six years Northern Presbyterian Mis'sion has one of age, whose recent acceptance of CHris- adherent for every 49 of the populatianity has been referred to before, and tion, the Southern Presbyterian Mission by Mr. Morimura, an octogenarian busi- has one for every 150; the Northern ness man of great wealth and influence, Methodist Mission one for every 63; who has found Christ in his old age. while the Southern Methodists have one Subsequent upon the recent exposures of for every IIS. The Australian and graft in high places, this Mr. Morimura Canadian Missions have approximately established a fund for the development one for every 120 of the population. of a plan to promote business morality. We cannot claim for these figures any He offered $roo,ooo and Baron Shibusa- degree of absolute accuracy, yet they wa added $25,000 to the fund. suffice to indicate somewhat the force and its distribution, as well as its effec- tiveness in the respective fields:"

Travelers' Aid in Japan Buddhist Propaganda in Korea HE Y.W.C.A. of Tokyo has A RECENT issue of the Zen, a T initiated a Travelers' Aid work at Buddhist magazine, says that the the Ueno station in that city. Two priests of the Myoshinji sect have women are employed to meet the trains been hard at work engaged in the profrom five o'clock in the morning to pagation of their religion in the Sagten at night, in order to assist friend- halien Island, Manchuria, Korea, and less women. A large number of extra- Formosa. In Korea results extraordinarily interesting and needy cases ordinarily large have been obtained. have come within the purview of the In Pyeng Yang a building, tho small, two matrons. Those in need of tem- was erected a few years ago, dedicated porary lodgings are cared for in a to the diffusion of the doctrines of the hired house in the Hongo quarter. Myoshinji sect. A large temple has One result of this undertaking has been recently been established, and neg'Otiaa religious quickening among the sta- tions are n'Ow going 'On between this tion officials at observing Christianity new temple and the main temple at

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Kyoto for the dispatch of a venerable and Rausa also; these are the langu- and learned priest to become the chief ages I understand. The name of my priest of the new temple. The abbot, in country is Gongola. There are cattle Kyoto, desired to send out twenty-five there, and horses, and many things, priests at once. So he dispatched urgent and health as well. If you please, I circulars to various temples and thereby want an answer from you. This is obtained a greater number of priests my crying. I am, SAMU1LA.-Trans- than was needed who exprest a wil- lated in the Sudan United Miss.ion.

lingness to go to Korea. The priests selected are expected to sail the last C! f Hindered by the European War June for Korea and to set to work propagating the teaching of the Zen THE missionaries' of the West Africa sect. This undertaking will be the first Mission of the Presbyterian Board organized work of Zen Buddhism in who were due to leave Africa on fur- Korea. lough, early in August, did not leave AFRICA ,..-/ until August 20th, on account of the war. This party, numbering 16 persons, ON"'The Task and the Toilers' j was unable to leave because they could the whole continent there are get no funds from the bank for their 3,244 missionaries, each with a par- passage money, but on Dr. Weber's ish of 3,6I4 square mileS' and 46,239 presenting the case to the Colonial people. In the heart of Africa there Governor of Kamerun, he very courare 50,000,000 of people-almost one- teously furnished the party with a small third of the continent-not only un- st~amer which took them to Fernando reached but without any existing agency Po, a neutral port. The Governor, behaving their evangelization in contel11- cause he had postponed orders of the platibn so far as any actual projected mission which the Government could plans and hopes are concerned. There not pay on account of the war, gave an are unoccupied areas, the smallest of order to Dr. Weber on the German conwhich is four times the size of the sul at Fernando Po for the amount State of New York. necessary to honor these orders, but the German consul had no government Appeal From a Christian Sudanese money. The consul then telegraphed MY Fathers': Rear ye the account to the Governor of Kamerun for in- of my greeting which I make to structions, and the German Colonial you in the Lord; receive it with pa- Governor asked the Spanish Colonial tience and the faithfulness of the Governor of Fernando Po to advance Lord:-I am Samuila. money with which to pay the passage, Very well, What I beseech the Christ which he did.

for, give ye to me. My heart is kin- A Christian man in Fernando Po, and dling me, kindling me all the time. the superintendent of the English Behold the reason. The Lord hears Primitive Methodist mission, planned my earnest crying to Rim.-Be pleased among themselves to raise the funds to to give life to the people of my send the party on its way if no other country.-If there is help, I am here provIsIon was made. Special note to guide to the place where I was should be made of the extreme courtesy born. There are very, very many and kindness of this superintendent. As people, and different languages in my one of the party said, "Words would country which I understand-Filani. fail to expresS' the gratitude and appre- Kanuri, Maka, Bola, Bura, Habe, Fika ciation of his hospitality."

The Berlin Mission in Africa Better Off, but Not Better THE Berlin Mission has been severely MR. DAN CRAWFORD'S stories hit by the storm, which is devastating from Africa laid hold of the im- agination of the American churches as Europe and other lands. Before the war they did in England. Speaking of the broke out there was especial occasion for natives of Central Africa, he said: thankfulness because the financial troub- "They have copyrighted a phrase. They les of the mission had been greatly alle- say: 'The victory of Golgotha.' That viated. In German East Africa the which was seemingly a colossal defeat, number of schools had also increased they call a victory!" The retort of the African native regarding material greatfrom B9 schools, with 3,395 pupils two ness was as much relished in America as in Britain. It will be remembered years ago to 30r with I4,384 pupih, that the African, after hearing of the This great mission opportunity aroused wonderful achievements and acquirehope that this largest German colony ments of the white man, stolidly remight be saved from Islam into which marked: "To be better-off is not to' be it was drifting. better." Whereupon Mr. Crawford comments: "Build a castle or build a In South Africa about 6,000 baptisms cottage-it is only a tent. We are only took place among the Zulus of Natal, traveling through; and the bigger the and in other territories of the mission pile you pile up, the harder to leave it." during the past year, a much larger number than ever before. War Scenes in Central Africa Nine Years' Progress H ELL is let loose, and no one can BISHOP TUGWELL writes from tell what is going to happen," Niger :-" vVe have paid our first writes Dr. H. E. Wareham, of the London Missionary Society, from Kavisit to Owerri, and have been greatly wimbe, Central Africa, "The Germans imprest by all we have seen. The have enrolled the natives by hundreds, developments which have taken place and encourage them to burn and kill. in the last five years are remarable, etc. The result is, that tho the Starting from Ebu-Owerri as the cen- authorities' here have done all they ter, there have sprung up, under thc could to keep the natives of the country inspiration and leadership of Archdea- out of it, they have been compelled to con Dennis, thirty outlying congrega- call our people out. The Amambwa tions, all self-supporting, The average and Awemba have been told to come attendance on Sunday in connection to the aid of the English, and are with these congregations during the flocking in, delighted to get a chance first six months of the year exceeds to burn and kill. 6,500. Schools have also been opened in nearly every station. "The chief of this part arrived in great form, looking forward to carry- "Before leaving Ebu-Owerri, I con- ing 'fire and sword' into German East firmed on Sunday fifty personS' in the Africa. This is the method he and presence of a congregation of over 900. his people were going to adopt: kill all Eight years ago, I sat one Sunday males above puberty-take the women, morning on a log near the site of the cut off noses, lips, or ears, and use them present church, and, addressing a crowd (the women) as they liked, and kill all of naked heathen, asked them if they the children. would welcome the coming of a Christian teacher. They immediately res- "Kyakonta, this chief, is' a very decent ponded that they _would. That was in ,J the year 1906."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

man, but this is what war raises in him tion for the purpose of securing econo- and his people." my, comity and efficiency in the service of God in this archipelago." The Union Malaysia and the Islands has made marked progress, and Mr. L. Wilbur Messer, of Chicago, who has T HE recently published 84th annual just returned from the islands, giv:es report of the Rheinische Missions the following report: "There are 160 Gesenschaft, a society which has work evangelical missionaries, and a large in German South Africa, China and number of Filipino helpers. Over Sumatra, states that 219,000 Christians 200 young men are in the schools pre- are enrolled in its various missions, and paring for Christian work. There are six adds: It took 76 years to reach the mission schools exclusively for women; first hundred thousand, and 7 years for 4 boarding schools for boys; 6 mission the second hundred thousand! Su- printing plants; aiid 20 stlJdent dormi. matra has far more than half of the tories. There are 75,000 evangelical total number. . church members, and as many adherents. There is a Young Men's Christian As- Humanly speaking, "the Batakland sociation building for Americans; and would be Mohammedan to-day but for one has been erected for Filipinos, and the Rheinish Mission, and now there another is assured for Filipino students. are 159,000 Batak united in a Christian There is also a very successful army church. There is a so-called Holland- branch at Fort McKinley. There are ish school, where instruction is given in 2 orphanages, 8 hospitals and 20 disthe Dutch language for the education of pensaries in the islands, operated by civil employees. Many young Batak the evangelical missions. There are 6 have great ambition, and want to study. evangelical churches for Filipinos and It is good, therefore, when these p~o­ for Chinese, and 4 for Americans in gressive young men remain under ChrIs- Manila. The American and the British tian influence. In Sumatra also are and Foreign Bible Societies distributed two trade-schools. In them the fol- over lOO,OOO Bibles and Testame"ts last lowing trades are taught: carpentry, year, printed in more than 20 languages locksmith, boatbuilding, bookbindinl!. and dialects." watchmaking, and even dentistry. With one of the trade-schools there is also a CALENDAR OF MEETINGS AND printing plant connected, where an ever- CONVENTIONS increasing literature is printed. January to August, 1915 A large hospital with branches and with a trai111ng-school for native medi- January 3 to 4-Laymen's Missionary cal students and a leper asylum, accom- Movement, Baton Rouge, La. modating several hundred inmates, are among the other activities of this mis- January 5 to 6–Laymen's Missionary sion in Sumatra, many of which must Movement, Crowley, La. be seriously curtailed by the war. January 7 to 8-Laymen's Missionary America's Gift to the Filipinos Movement, Lake Charles, La.

AMONG the many advantages that January 8 (lO.30-12.30)-International Day have come to the inhabitants of the of Prayer for F. M. Federation of Philippines through American rule, none Women's Boards, 1 West 48th St., N. Y. are greater than the establishment of Protestant missions. The Christian Ad- January 10 to ll-Laymen's Missionary vocate tells us that twelve years ago Movement, Beaumont, Texas. there was formed an Evangelical Union of the Philippine Islands, "an organiza- January 12 to 13-Laymen's Missionary Movement, Galveston, Texas.

January 12 to 14 – Foreign Missions Boards' Conference, Garden City, L. I.

January 12 to I4-Home Mission Council August 16-25-City Conference, Asilomar, New York. Cal.

January 14 to 15-Laymen's Missionary August 24-September 3-Y. W. C. A. Con- Movement, Taylor, Texas. ference, Lake Geneva, Wis.

January 15, 16-Triennial Conference of August 24-September 3-Y. W. C. A. Stu- Women's F. M. Board3, Collegiate Re- dent Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

formed Church. N. Y.

January 17 to 18-Laymen's Missionary Movement, Austin, Texas. OBITUARY January 17-Mass Meeting, World Peace and Missions, Central Presbyterian Miss Mary Sharp of Liberia Church, N. Y: 4.30 P. M.

January 17-Missionary Mass. Meeting, A CABLE message from Dr. J. B. Carnegie Hall, New York. Coleman received at New York, an- nounces the death of Miss Mary A. January 19 to 20-Laymen's Missionary Sharp of Monrovia, for more than 35 Movement, Temple, Texas. years an olltstanding figure in African missionary work. As an independent January 21-22-Laymen's Missionary Move- worker among the Kroo people, she ment, Cameron, Texas.

January 24-25-Laymen's Missionary Move- ment, Waco, Texas.

January 26-27-Laymen's Missionary M'Ove- had her own church and school at ment, Corsicana, Texas. Krootown, a suburb of Monrovia.

February 16-18 – Laymen's Missionary Without stated compensation, she gave Movement (Presbyterian C h u r c h, her entire time to the task of Chris- South), Charlotte, N. C. tianizing and educating the natives of February 23-25 – Laymen's Missionary that region, her interest centering :n Movement, Dallas, Texas. June 4-14—Y. M. C. A. Student Confer- lhe boys and girls, with whom she was especially successful. Her own church ence, Blue Ridge, N. C. at Mansfield, Pa., voted her a local June 18-28-Y. W. C. A. Student Confer- preacher's license and she was accus- tomed not only to preach, but in the ence, Silver Bay, N. Y. June 23-July 2-Y. W. C. A. Student Con- ference, Eagles Mere, Pa, absence of the presiding bishop, often June 25-July 4—Missionary Education baptized her converts. Given in her Movement, Blue Ridge, N. C. own words is the story of the church July 2-11-Missionary Education Move- she had built. "I went to Krootown ment, Asilomar, Cal. and engaged some men to put me up a July 9-18-Missionary Education Move- bamboo church. It was to cost $10, ment, Silver Bay, N. Y. and included not only a bamboo frame, July 16-25-Missionary Education Move- but a thatched roof made of palm ment, Estes Park, Colo. leaves, benches of withed-bamboo and a ground floor. After it was done, I July 20-30-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y.

July 21-31-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, paid the laborers promptly the sum Blue Ridge, N. C. agreed upon: For some time thereafter July 22-30-Missionary Education Move- whenever I met anyone who couId ment, Ocean Park, Me. speak English I was greeted with the August 6-15-Missionary Education Move- words: 'Tank you mammy. Tank you plenty. You did dem Kroo boys fine.' ment, Lake Geneva, Wis. I had asked the President's wife what August 6-16-Y. W. C. A. Student Con- they meant. 'Oh,' was the reply, 'they expected to be cheated. They thought ference, Asilomar, Cal. of course, that you would give them August 14-23-Y. W. C. A. City Confer- ence, Lake Geneva, Wis. August 13-23-Y. W. C. A. City Confer- ence, Estes Park, Colo. only a few yards of cheap calico.'"

· · · ·····., .;i""

w tIl ………… . ………l BOOKS ON MISSIONS "'«.. ./'

. AND – ! I ": MISSION LANDS …•………..•_….// Life of H. Roswell Bates. By S. Ralph make the 30,000,000 Christians of our Barlow. Illustrated. 12mo. 159 pp. churches ashamed of themselves. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. Mr. Douglas has written a thought- Here is a stirring and inspiring tribute ful, tho not a popular, study book, dealing with the past, present, and to a beloved and self-sacrificing young future home missionary problems of the minister who devoted the last few years American churches. He believes- i'1 of his brief life to the making of Christ the social aim and program for social real in the neighborhood of Spring Street betterment, and from this viewpoint Presbyterian Church, New York City. studies the foreigners, the race problems, Mr. Bates was a very lovable and noble and the social conditions and country dishuman, and his life story is a very tricts, with the various forces and methhumal1 document. He was also a devoted ods at the command of the churches. It is Christian worker and this brief biog- a restatement of the home missionary raphy gives many valuable glimpses of his Christlike social service in the church needs and aims that is worthy or' carewhich he rescued from death and established as a strong neighborhood center. ful study. Two other features of his work are To our mind too much emphasis can worthy of notice-his influence on the college men and women who came to not be placed on the need for socia! work at Spring Street, and the abiding reform and reconstruction, but too little results of his personal touch on students is often placed on individual regeneraat Northfield Conferences and elsewhere. tion. The former may temporarily Mr. Barlow shows his hero at work and take place without the latter but the at play, his humor and his sympathy. latter must produce the former. The life was one that continues. From the Bread Line to the Pulpit. By The New Home Missions. By Harlan Frederic C. Baylis. 12mo, 43 pp. 25 Paul Douglas. Illustrated. 12mo. 266 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1914. pp. 60 cents, cloth. 40 cents, paper. Mis- The stories of "twice-born men" are sionary Education Movement, New York, 1914. always of compelling interest. Here is The principal argument, with any the short account of a man born in Stratford-on-Avon, educated in the element of truth, that can be urged school made famous by William Shakesagainst extensive foreign mission work peare, ruined by strong drink, rescued is the fact that America is still so far in the Bowery Mission, New York, a from Christian. It is not a valid argument but the amount of work still to "cowboy preacher," and now a Methobe done in America before the foreigners, the negroes, the mountaineers, the "dist minister. It is a good book for lumbermen, the slum dweller.s, and young men. others are brought into vital relationship with Christ is great enough to Battling and Building Amongst the Bhils. Illustrated, 12mo., 95 pp. Is., net. Church Missionary Society, London, 1914. The mission to the aboriginal tribes of BhiIs in India is' on the borderland of Rajputana. The anonymous author

has given here a view of the peculiari- 169 pp. 60 cents, net. Westminster ties of this tribe and an excellent ac- Press, Philadelphia, 1914. count of Christian progress among them. The Modernizing of the Orient. By The New Life in China. By Edward W. Clayton Sedgwick Cooper. Illustrated. Wallace, B.D. Illustrated, 12mo., paper. 8vo. 353 pp. $2.00, net. McBride, Nast Is. net. United Council for Missionary & Co., New York, 1914. Education, London, 1914. This bright, up-to-date picture of New The Individual and the Social Gospel.

China makes an excellent popular intro- By Shailer Mathews. 16mo. 84 pp. 25 cents, postpaid. Missionary Education duction to the study of the country, the people, the religions, and the missions. Movement, New York, 1914.

There is a real human interest in the Though War Should Rise. By Mrs. presentation. No one alive to the forces and opportunities of the present can fail Howard Taylor. 16mo. 64 pp. China to be stirred by this story of the present , Inland Mission, London, 1914.

situation in New China. The Vital Forces of Christianity and The Regeneration of New China. By Islam. Six Studies by Missionaries to Nelson Bitton. IIIIustrated, 12mo., 282 pp. 2s., net. United Council for Mis- Moslems, with an Introduction by the sionary Education, London, 1914. Rev. ,S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and a Con- cluding Study by Professor Duncan Black Macdonald. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. net ($1.15). Oxford University Press. Lon- don, 1914. • The New Life in China. By E. W. Wal- lace. Is. net. United Council for Mis- sionary Education, London, 1914.

The "Welcome" Photographic Exposure Record and Diary, 1915. Burrough Welcome & Co., New York, 1914.

Mr. Bitton, formerly Assistant Editor PAMPHLETS of the Chinese Recorder, has given us Karen Folk-Lore. An Unwritten Bible. Collected and Annotatrd by Ko San Lone, a valuable study of the conditions and a Christian Karen. Translated into Eng- lish by H. M. N. Armstrong. 31 pp. 3d. problems in China to-day. Emphasis A.B.F.M.S., Rangoon, Burma, 1914.

is placed on the problems of the Chinese Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian youth, the religious problem, the social Church of North America, 1914. Con- taining the 55th Annual Report of the problems, the reform movements and the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at New Castle, Pa.; Report of the trend toward Christian unity, training Women's Board to the General Assembly; The 59th Annual Report of the Mission of Chinese leaders, and the problem of in Egypt; the 58th Annual Report of the Mission in India; The 13th Annual Report Chinese Communism. of the Sudan Mission; General Statement of Receipts and Payments, etc., etc. 292 NEW BOOKS pp. Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Wild Woods and Waterways. By Wil- 1914. . liam Chalmers Covert. Illustrated, 12mo. 245 pp. $1.35 net. Westminster Press, Our World-Wide Work. A Survey of Philadelphia, 1914. the Field of the Woman's Board of Mis- sions. Illustrated, 180 liP. Congrega- Sight to the Blind. A Story. By Lucy tional House, Boston, 1914. Furman. Illustrated. 12mo. 92 pp. $1.00, net. Macmillan Co., New York, Isles Afar Off. An Illustrated Handbook 1914. to the Missions of the London Missionary Prince and Uncle Billy. A First Reader in Home Missions. By Charles Lincoln Society in Polynesia. By Rev. George White. Illustrated. 12mo. 146 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Cousins. 104 pp. 6d. net. London Mis- York, 1914. sionary Society, London, 1914. The Making of Christianity. An Exhibit of Hebrew and Christian Messianic Pioneers. Being Studi~ in Christian Bio- Apocalyptical Philosophy and Literature. By John C. C. Clarke, D.D. 12mo. 423 graphy. Edited for the use of Study pp. The Associated Authors, New York, 1914. Circles in Schools and Colleges. By K. J. Saunders. 164 pp. Association Press A Man and His Money. By Harvey (India), Calcutta, 1914. . Reeves Calkins. 12mo. 367 pp. $1.00, net. Methodist Book Concern, New York, The Nemesis of Armaments. By Charles 1914. Edward Jefferson, D.D. 14 pp. Church Peace Union, 70 Fifth Avenue, New By-Products of the Rural Sunday- York, 1914. school. By J. M. Somerndike. 12mo.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1914

to the

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, NOVEMBER, I9I4 SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. Where does a paper bag do the work of a tract? 2. Why did the African chief order the women to join the Chris- tians? 3. In the minds of Chinese thinkers what is the chief requirement of religion? 4. Seeking God by following the course of the sun, what did the Kongo natives find? 5. How near did the number of conversions come to the number prayed for by the evang-elistic committee? 6. Why did the South American say he would not wait to see the grain weighed? 7. Why is it difficult to count the Canadian Eskimo by families? 8. How did the chart affect the small boy's prayer? 9. As the Christian Endeavor secretary went to the war, what was his prayer? 10. How did the difference in motive affect the character of the early immigrations to California and to Oregon? I I. The centenary of what event is to be celebrated in New Zealand in December? 12. What unexpected invitation did the Persian official receive? 13. When the young man's mother looked through the keyhole, what did she see? 14. In what country are government officials giving lectures on the effects of alcohol? IS. Instead of a knife and a bottle, what does the Indian now carry home? r6. What was the score in the novel relay race? r7. In what publication are the achievements of missions celebrated in epic verse? 18. How m;my ceremonies have been necessary for the inauguration of Uganda's Christian king? 19. iVhat type of appeal won missionary volunteers at the English college? 20. When the Kopu Chinese came to the harvest festival, what book did they bring with them?

FALLS OF SNAKE RIVER

The river here is 1,000 feet wide and falls 210 feet MOUNT HOOD, OREGON, ONE OF THE GREAT PEAKS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA RANGE TYPICAL SCENES ON THE WESTERN AMERICAN FRONTIER

~y W

Vol. XXXVII, No. Il E D Old Senes NOVEMBER, 1914 Vol. XXVII. No. II New Series II SIGNS FTHETIMES i THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAR ON commerce received a staggering blow but it was for a time impossible to A MISSIONS send money to workers in India, Tur- LREADY the widespread distress key and other fields. In Turkey, caused by the fratricidal strife in horses. camels, and donkeys have been Europe is being felt throughout the taken for the army, and all men who world. The reports of the effect of the could do so have fled to cover to eswar on mlSSlOns, given on another cape being drafted. This has caused page, present only a faint idea of the the closing of mission presses and situation. other institutions. The West Africa Mission, which is in German territory, Naturally, the German missions are is shut off from communication with most deeply affected at present. The America and Europe, and South twenty-six Protestant societies sup- America is feeling the suppression of port over two thousand German and European trade. The Board has 9.000 native workers, in some. 3.500 been obliged to authorize missionstations and outstations, scattered in aries to sell mission property in various parts of China, in Japan, in India, Persia and elsewhere, in order Eastern, Western, and South Africa, to obtain funds for food, if necessary. in Turkey, Persia, Russia, India, Micronesia, Latin America, the East From Busrah, Turkish Arabia, Indies and Australasia. The workers comes a letter from a missionary, in these lands are now cut off from reporting unusual excitement among the homeland and are without money. Moslems on the eve of the feast of Some of the German colonies are al- Ramazan. Many open threats are ready captured and in others there is uttered against Christians, and disconflict with British, French, or Jap- astrous results are feared if Turkey anese forces. should enter the conflict.

The Presbyterian Board (U. S. A.) The brighter side of the European reports world-wide conditions un- struggle is in the sobering of muItiparalleled in history. Not only has The edjtor~ seek t(' pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

tudes as they face the realities of ruin awakenings have often taken place and death. There is also the op- in the darkest hours of history. In portunity offered for self-sacrifice times of distress men look to God and heroism, and for the exhibition of for help, and when earthly possesforbearance and the spirit of service .sions seem insecure Christians are and brotherly love even toward an often more ready to lay up treasure enemy. It is possible, too, that this in heaven. breaking of the war cloud may clear the atmosphere, so that the spirit of Surely there is no need to urge warfare may be laid low, neighbors upon Christians everywhere the duty may forget their petty quarrels and and privilege of earnest prayer to selfish rivalries, religious liberty may Almighty God that the Spirit of Christ be given a broader application, and may soon dominate the policies and common suffering may prove a bond plans of governments and peoples, of brotherhood. Already the Czar and that the war may not retard the has promised new privileges to the work of Christ, but may be over- Jews, and new liberties to Poland. ruled to open larger opportunities for A cablegram from Petrograd says the preaching and acceptance of the that Russian Methodists are helping Gospel of Christ. Christians in the wounded and there are new op- America and England and even in portumtles for the Gospel. The France and Germany should not be people of India have showed an un- so engrossed and disturbed by the expected spirit of loyalty to Great distress of the present strife that Britain, and the domestic strife in they neglect the eternal and spiritual Ireland and on the part of suffra- mission of the Church. Out of cirgists has been quieted-at least for cumstances of suffering and difficulthe present. It is difficult as yet t ties come the heroism and self-sacrisee the benefits that Germany and fice "vhich are so radically linked Austria will derive from the struggle with the advancement of the Kingin the event of their defeat, and years dom of Christ. must elapse before wounds will be healed, so that the spirit of brotherly Since the days of the Son of Man love shall prevail such as was mani- on earth and the hour of His crucifest at Edinburgh and in the Con- fixion, through the early persecutions tinuation Committee Conferences. The of Nero, the dark ages, the Refor- Protestant work in Germany is also mation and the pioneering days, the suffering greatly and in need of help. cause of Christ has always advanced A silver lining to the cloud of dis- in the face of difficulties. Let it be so tress in Germany may be seen in now. If ever there was need for the notable fact that a fund has been Christian missionary work it is tostarted in England to provide for the day. German, French, Dutch and Swiss missionaries who are temporarily des- NEW INTEREST IN SOUTH AMERICA titute. T HERE is, apparently, a world- Weare encouraged also by the fact that the greatest spiritual movement toward Latin-America that is increasing more and more rapidly. This is manifest in the realms of commerce and politics, in

OF THE

learning and religion. Here is one of Woman's Board of Missions of the the greatest neglected fields of Chris- Disciples of Christ has also recently tian missions in the world. The great appointed a special commission to masses of the people, while nominally study Latin America, to study the Catholic, are in reality irreligious. spiritual needs of these republics, to Buenos Aires, the third largest city seek and send missionaries to the on the American continent, has only field, and to spread information one church of any kind, Protestant, among people at home. Catholic, or Mohammedan, to every 20,000 people, and only one Protes- A SOUTH AMERICAN LEADERS' tant church to every 120,000. Physi- CONFERENCE cally, it is probably the finest organized city in the world, morally it "ONE of the most significant is most deplorable. gatherings ever held in Latin In Bolivia the Government has America," writes Rev. S. C. Inman, granted financial aid to the two "was recently held in Montevideo, schools for boys and young men con- Uruguay, under the auspices of the ducted by the Methodist Episcopal Young Men's Christian Associations Church, so that the missionaries have of South America. the opportunity of shaping the educational life of that entire republic, "Montevideo, as the capital of the and of profoundly affecting the wel- smallest of South American republics, fare of nearly three millions of escapes the jealousies connected with people. Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, or Santiago, the capitals of the 'A B C' In Chile there is a growing appre- countries, and for this reason is a ciation of the mission schools and of popular convention city, and is the the Protestant efforts to reform the headquarters of the Continental Comvicious and lift up the illiterate. mittee of the Young Men's Chris- Leading school officials unite with the tian Association. It is called the best journalists of the large cities in Athens of the South, and is a literary their approval of the Protestant center.· Protestantism has gained an program. In Argentina and Uruguay excellent name in the community, and as full religious liberty is enjoyed as a number of prominent men of the exists in North America. All this city attend the Protestant services." promises a readier access to classes formerly almost inaccessible. The problems that face the mission work in South America are serious Evidences of the increasing mis- and a number of the secretaries of sionary interest in Latin America the Young Men's Christian Associaon the part of Christians in die tions met in conference concerning United States, are seen also in the them, with bishops of the Episcopal recent appointment of Rev. George and Methodist Church, the President P. Howard, a Methodist missionary of Mackenzie College, agents of the of Montevideo, Uruguay, to the Bible Societies, and well-known minsuperintendency of the work of the isters from eight different denomi- VVorld's Sunday-school Association nations. From beyond South America for South America. The Christian came Mr. E. Sautter, the General Secretary of the World's Committee

from Geneva, Mr. Gilbert Beaver, (illiterate) in Latin America must from New York, and the Rev. S. C. be acquainted with Latin culture and Inman from Mexico. literature, and a knowledge of French, besides the language of the people, I t was the first time that repre- is most desirable. The continued sentatives of the Evangelical forces emphasis of this idea was one of the of Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, most valuable things of the conferhad met together in conference, and ence. It was well summed up by while the primary object was to dis- one secretary, who said: "When the cuss Association work, it developed Anglo-Saxon comes to see about into a study of the deep problems membership in the association, he faced in Latin America by Protes- asks to see your swimming-pool and tant Mission forces. Commissions your game privileges. When the had been appointed in advance to Latin comes in, he wants to see your investigate the following sUbjects; constitution and by-laws. It is the difference between the practical and 1. The basis of Active Membership the theoretical. in the Young Men's Christian Association. "This difference led to the Im- portance of the question as to 2. The character and form of re- whether the South American Assoligious education in the associations. ciations should apply only the church- membership test, considered by the 3. Publication of literature. Latin as sectarian, or would adopt 4. The kind of preparation needed the personal test, which to the inby workers in Latin America. dividualistic Latin is the only worthy 5. The Sunday question and the one. The decision was unanimous Association's program. that an Association might use either 6. Nork among University stu- of these tests which local conditions dents. seem to require." 7. Basis of formation of the South American Union. The Commission on Publication 8. Program of work for the next declared that: "It is the judgment of five years. the Commission that an International Each commission presented its find- Publishing House would be desirings and the entire discussion was able, and we look forward with keen carried on in Spanish and Portu·· anticipation to the Union Publishing guese. House being projected by the Com- "It seems of tremendous import- mittee on Cooperation for Latin ance," says Mr. Inman, "that all America, of the various Church mission workers, and those at home Boards, to which we pledge our corwho have the direction of the work dial support." in Latin America, realize to the fullest extent the differences between "The program of work for the next the North and South Americans, and five years," concludes :l1r. Inman, "is that the latter look to France and at once an inspiration and a chal- Latin Europe for their leadership in lenge to everyone interested in winliterature, philosophy, and material ning South America for Christ. aspect8 of life. Those who would influence any except the analfabetos

Among the plans are: The opening The Peruvians are also susceptible of new Associations in the four to religious appeals, and when Prot- capitals, Asuncion, Santiago, La Paz, estant misSions are no longer ham- and Lima, and in several commercial pered by priests and prohibitions centers like Rosario, Santos, Bahia, there is good reason to believe that and Para; buildings in all the cities, evangelical Christianity will be wel- where the associations are now in comed.

rented quarters; the naming of a Con- PRAYING AND WORKING IN INDIA tinental Secretary for religious work, one for Student work, one for T HE Commission on Aggressive Physical Education, and two men for Evangelism in India annually the International Review; a training- sets apart one month as a special school for secretaries. To carry out time for evangelistic effort. The these plans twenty new secretaries are work is continued throughout the needed, supported from abroad, and year, but a season of united prayer, forty secretaries should be found and combined evangelistic endeavor, and supported locally." an output of special literature, are particularly emphasized at this time. A larger Conference on Latin America is being planned for all mis- Bishop F. W. Warne of the Methosion workers in the field, to be held dist Episcopal Church, writes that in 1916, and for the purpose of study- this year they decided to pray for ing to win these twenty republics for ten thousand souls. It seemed a Christ. great request, being nearly double the number of any revival month in UNREST VERSUS LIBERTY IN PERU former years. But the pt'ayer was more than answered! And the re- BECAUSE of the disturbed con- markable thing is, that this signai ditions following the recent revo- achievement is not the result of special mass movements. There seems lution in Peru, Congress will prob- to have been a general forward moveably not act on the religious liberty ment. These figures are significant: measure immediately. "In that case," Baptisms, 10,230; meetings held, 20,- writes Mr. H. P. Archerd of Callao, 336; present at these meetings, 421,- "most of the work of last year will go 729; Bible portions sold, 23,101; for naught and we shall need to begin tracts distributed, 269,065; heathen our campaign all over again after the shrines torn down, 45 I; laymen who political readjustment." In any case, gave volunteer, days, I,705; total however, the effort for freedom of number of days given, 2,721. "Said worship will not be abandoned. The I not unto thee that if thou wouldest country is to be flooded with liter- believe thou shouldest see the glory ature on the subject. Laws granting of God?" full religious liberty may be delayed hut not given up. In spite of the A fanaticism in the country, there is a MASS MOVEMENT IN WEST AFRICA strong and progressive element, and N example of the mass movement since the country is constantly coming which is taking place toward into closer contact with North Amer- Christianity in parts of Nigeria is ica modern ideals are gaining ground. referred to by the Rev. J. D. Aitken.

of the Church Missionary Society, enough to support 25 evangelists out who was stationed in the Soba in the surrounding country, and still Country to the north of the For- have considerable to spare for making cados branch of the Niger. In less seats for the native churches which than a year he registered nearly have so far been put up free of cost 2,000 people who had thrown away by the natives.

their idols. In one town there were The church building has been once over 600 of these, and one of the enlarged and is again too small for chiefs ordered the women of his sec- the average Sunday attendance.

tion of the town to join the Chris- T tians, "that they might learn to love A CHINESE BOARD OF MISSIONS their neighbors instead of poisoning HE most encouraging evidence of them," and about 150 of the women vitality in a church or an indi- obeyed. vidual is the systematic effort to win The Niger Delta Church of the other men to Christ. It is a hopeful CM.S. now reports 6,513 baptized sign, therefore, that the native Epis- members and 1,548 communicants, copal Church in China appointed at !,894 Sunday scholars and 1,371 day its last General Synod meeting a scholars; 698 were baptized during committee on Church Extension.

the past year, and there were 3,784 This committee has just published a inquirers at its close. report, recommending that a Board The American Presbyterian Mis- of Missions be established, in order sion at Fulasi, also reports a won- to discharge more effectively the re- derful year. Rev. F. W. Neal writes sponsibility for mission work which that the station of Fulasi has been rests "upon every member of the opened only one year. It is a year Church, and upon the whole Church of the "right hand of the Most in its corporate capacity."

High." The first three months there It is proposed to have a general was an average attendance at church secretary, who shalI be a Chinese service of 636; and the last quarter clergyman, whose duty shall be to an average of 1,399. Total offerings disseminate information and create for the year, $675 gold. Confessions interest in the missionary work by of Christ at Fulasi, 1,307, and among correspondence and personal visita- the evangelists scattered over the field tion. It is also suggested that "the over twice as many more. There next General Synod inaugurate a were 685 advanced into the first year mission in one of the provinces not Catechumen Class, and 89 into the now occupied by the Chung Hua Church. At the January Communion Sheng Kung Hui, and choose a Chi- (1914), not included in the above, nese bishop to lead the mission." It there were 6,704 people counted at would be interesting if the first Chi- Fulasi, and 158 partook of the com- nese bishop were chosen as a "mis- munion; 68 adults and 16 children sionary bishop," thus representing the were baptized. aspiration of the national Church in The native Christians are giving China.

BA B AHATCTIIE HOTEL TRANSFORMED I NTO A RAILROAD Y. M. C. A

The Story of "Babahatchie"

BY J AMES D. BURTON, OAKDALE, 1ENN.

General Se~relary , Railroad Y. lIf. C. A., Oakdale, T enn., and Presiden t M organ County Sunday- School Associa ti on IB]. ABAHATCHIE has history in motion-pictures. Such had an unusual history. views would furnish to the world- The large hotel was some interesting and exciting scenes erected severai years from the life in these Southern High- .' ago in the mountains lands. of Tennessee by the Cincinnati Southern RR, th e only The location of the town is picmunicipal owned railroad In the tu resque. Mountains rise almost Un ited States, and its primary pur- perpendicularly on every side, so -that pose was to serve the employes of the ' trains from north and south this road. enter the village through tunn els. A few yards to the west of the Baba- The "Babahatchie" is no doubt hatchie building flows the Big Emory better known th an Oakdale, the town River, the Indian name of which was in which it is located, for it has given to the hotel and means "babmade more history, some good and bling waters." some evil, than all the oth er instittltions of the town combined. The Trains stop in front of "Babalife of the village of three thousand hatchie," and change crews. The population has centered here, so that narrow mountain gorge in which as goes "Babahatchie" so goes Oakdale lies leaves no room for the Oakdale. town to expand, so that there is little life here except that of the men who Almost every imaginable scene dri ft to "Babahatchie," and there characteristic of this region has been spend their "lay-over" time. enacted in or about the hotel premises and several thousand feet of By conservative estimates over film would be required to portray eight hundred visits are made daily even a portion of its interesting to the building. It is always crowded with men night and day. There is

never an hour when its halls are free road service lost their positions be- of men. They are gathered here cause of the evil habits formed under from all sections, and represent all these influences, and when they were classes. It is like Mark Twain's New unfit for duty because of dissipation England weather, "You can discover they' had to be disciplined by the about one hundred and twenty di'f- railroad company. In a good many ferent kinds of men here every cases, this took away the only sup- twenty minutes." port from a family of innocent ones.

"Babahatchie's" early history was Finally conditions became so bad anything but commendable. "For at that it became imperative to take the windows of my house I looked steps to save the men to a better through my casement," as Solomon life, and to render them more efficient would say, "and beheld young men in the hazardous work in which they void of understanding." On the were engaged.

mountain sides were open saloons, One day, about nine years ago, the and up to these places were well- former General Manager Garrett of beaten paths. Men were traveling the Cincinnati Southern was making morally in the wrong direction. Idle a trip over the road in a private car men would 'd'i4tt into town about the with the late President Spencer of time of railroad pay day, and enter the great Southern system and the into gambling games to fleece the conditions at "Babahatchie" were boys out of their money. Many a brought to the attention of the presi- young man, with a blush of shame, dent of the road.

would write to his mother or wi fe As a result an order was given to after drawing his pay, and would place "Babahatchie" under the direc- send some false excuse: "laid off," tion of the Railroad Department of "sick," "dull business," about his the Y.M.C.A. From this date for- inability to send any money home in ward (1905) "Babahatchie" was support of the family. converted and entered upon a new In the lobby and at the lunch career.

counter of "Babahatchie" were mid- A "new name" was given to the night carousals that were degrading place. A board was nailed over the and deadly. Especially just after main entrance, on which was printed "pay day," the men were often under in large gilt letters: "Railroad Depart- the influence of strong drink, and ment Y.M.CA." At the same time were quarrelsome, and hard to please. the person'nel of the management was There was no police protection, so also changed. Many did not grasp that the men did pretty much as the full meaning of the change at the they pleased. Arrests were seldom time; pessimistic people said that it made, altho pistols were frequently was useless to try to carryon re- displayed when men got into quarrels. ligious work in this place, and others These days have been compared with were ready to ridicule the idea.

the "wild west," and the traveling But house-cleaning was begun; the public, so far as possible, avoided building was renovated, the restaurant stopping here. service improved, and a home-like In those days many men in rail- appearance given to the building.

STORY OF "BABAHATCHlE"

Good books, magazines and daily and lobby have changed. Law and papers were placed on file in the new order now prevail. Visitors now reading-room. wonder how so many men can be assembled under one roof, and at the A new social atmosphere was also same time be so quiet and orderly as created; men were cultivated in a they are at "Babahatchie." personal way and gradually they have responded to the new environment. In the restaurant five to six hun- Later, Gospel meetings with singing dred meals and luncheons are served were provided. The work was car- to the men every twenty-four hours. ried on quietly, and without demon- and this department is the second TFrE V.M.C.A. SWIMMING-POOL IN THE BIG EMORY RIVER stration, but the results became mani- largest in North America. Several fest. The men became more quiet, hundred paper bags are used every and sober-minded, and learned to ap- day in putting up lunches for the men preciate the principles for which the who go out upon the road, and each Y.M.C.A. stands. Scoffers became one has printed on it a Gospel mesconvinced of the value of the work. sage. Vhile a conductor, engineer, The organization to-day has the co- fireman, or brakeman eats his meal operation of the best class of rail- on the road this Gospel message is road men in its efforts to conduct before his eyes, so that men read it "Babahatchie" on a high moral and who probably would not be interested religious plane. in a religious tract. Twelve thousand of these bags are used about every The scenes about the lunch counter

A CUSTOMARY SCENE ON THE PORCH OF THE ASSOCIATION BUILDING ninety days. Who can calculate the for many years of the successful influence of these silent little mes- operation of a great business-a corsengers to the men of the rail! poration and its employes taking a friendly hand in hand." Sleeping accommodations are provided for hundreds of railroad men, Many of the railroad employes and now at a low price they find testified to the great change that has good clean beds that are in great taken place at "Babahatchie." An contrast to the old days of "Baba- engineer said, "Long ago every hatchie." imaginable vice was carried on here. To-day, look at our Sunday-schools, In addition to the provisions made churches, and the Y.M.C.A. The for the physical comfort of the men Association has been instrumental' in there are other features worth while bringing about these improved conin the way ·of Bible classes, Gospel ditions." meetings, lectures, motion-pictures, and practical talks on life questions. A conductor remarked : "We see the good that the Y.M.C.1. has done At a recent banquet, held in the among us. A few years ago we had dining room of "Babahatchie," the no decent place to rest our weary room was beautifully decorated, and frames when in Oakdale. Now, all over one hundred guests gathered at is changed. We find nice, clean beds, the tables. Instead of revelry, rail- and good, wholesome food prepared road officials and employes sat side for us, and I want to thank those by side and the spirit of fellowship connected with it for the kindness prevailed. Rev. George R. Stuart, a they have shown to the railroad men. lecturer and evangelist, delivered one A number of us here to-night reof his famous lectures, and said in member the time of the reign of the his preliminary remarks, "I witness eighty cent quilt. It allowed all the here to-night what has been my ideal

STORY OF "BABAHATCHIE" 8r r

packing to slip down to either end , denomination in Oakdale, and a small, and just left for us the top and one room frame building served for the bottom for covering." all the religious interest of the town. A widow was trying to conduct a A two weeks revival service was little Sunday-school with about thirty held last September under a tent on scholars and little attention was being the lawn of "Babahatchie." There paid to church matters. There was were sixty-eight professions of faith preaching only when a minister could in Christ and thirty-four united with visit the town. The Y.M.CA. secrethe Oakdale churches at the close of taries began attending the little Sunthe meetings. A boy who was . con- day-school, and succeeded in stirring verted immediately began personal up interest in church work. This has work by pleading with his father , continued to grow and prosper until who not long after accepted Jesus to-day there are two resident minis- Christ as his personal Savior. He ters on the field, two large Sundayhad been a very wicked man, and the schools, with about three hundred boy had just returned from the west scholars enrolled, two young people's by beating his wayan a freight-train societies, and two church buildings. to Oakdale. All members of this More residents are now taking refamily were finally united in their sponsibility in the work of the Kinghome, and in Christ. dom.

A large community work has also Morgan County, ill which "Bababeen done outside the building. hatchie" is located, has become a When the Railroad Y.M.C.A. took Gold Star county in the Tennessee charge of "Babahatchie" in 1905, State ~unday-sch ool Association . there was no resident minister of any THE LAWN USED FOR MOVING PICT URES AND OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENTS

This means a report, an offering, and extension work with its publications, a delegate to the convention, from and in other ways. It would be a every Sunday-school in the county. good investment for any individual or This is the third county in the State church to assume the support of a to reach this standard, and the work consecrated man to do work along has been directed largely by the in- the lines indicated. fluences of "Babahatchie." Truly, "Babahatchie" has been Through this extension work a transformed, and is letting her light conductor, who stops at "Baba· shine before the world, so that the hatchie," saw a vision of Christian good work is evident for miles service, and has driven and walked around. There are no more beaten for miles around in the mountains paths to open saloons. The vices in the interest of the Sunday-schools. common to Oakdale in its early his- He has helped to organize schools in tory have been reduced to a minineedy places, and has encouraged mum. People are realizing that some struggling schools to continue their good can come out of this railroad work. terminal. The men are saving more of their salaries, are making happier An extension worker could be used homes, and are rendering better serto advantage in this region along the vice to the corporation that hires lines pursued by the missionary work them. It is a wonderful transforof the American Sunday-school mation. A newspaper of this section Union. The national and inter- has this to say in an editorial: "The denominational character of the work .thus accomplished for our Society's operations make it well mountain people will live on after the adapted to the outlying districts of present personnel shall have passed the mountains. The Union has al- to their heavenly reward." ready rendered valuable service in the AT THE DAY AND NIGHT LUNCH COUNTER

America's L,ast Frontier: Its Situ-

ation and Its Appeal BY REV. C. A. WOODDY, D.D., PORTLAND, OREGON General Superintendent for the American Baptist Home Mission Society on the Pacific Slope, For thirty years in pastoral and mis..')ionary work in Oregon.

NATIVE American Park, Crater Lake, Colorado Canyon, never comes upon the and scores of other features of word "frontier" with- beauty and grandeur. out conscious pride. It hardly can escape The first European settlement was being true that his for- effected in 1769 by the Franciscan bears were frontiersmen here or Fathers at San Diego. American there. History and the heroic in settlement dates from the occupancy America are almost wholly asso- of Astoria by the American Fur Comciated with the stories and struggles pany in r8lO. The story of Angloof its frontiersmen. The Atlantic, Saxon occupancy may be dated from the Allegheny, the Missouri, the the arrival in r834 of missionaries to Western Slope of the continent, the Indians in the Oregon Country. locate American frontiers and the The first twenty-five years is the story scenes of American heroism and of the trapper, the next ten years the American heroic achievement. The story of missionary work in behalf story of the last of these frontiers IS of the Indians. Immigration began the story of the Pacific Slope. as early as 1842, and from 1842 to the present hour history is the story Some Features of the West of the immigrant, the pioneer, and the subjugation of America's last The "Pacific Slope" describes that geographical frontier. portion of the United States lying west of the crest of the Rockies, The early movements of immigraand in general contains eight states, tion to the two sections of this comprising 863,140 of the 3,6r6,484 region, were produced by widely square miles-that is to say, a little different causes. The Oregon less than one-fourth of the entire area Country was occupied by home seekof continental United States. His- ers, who came to acquire land and torically it includes two great sec- effect permanent residence. The tions: one sometimes called the Old California Country received its pri- Oregon Country, and the other made mary and large immigration inreup of the Mexican cession of r848, sponse to the appeal of the gold and about half of Gadsden's pur- mine. These early influences made chase of r853. The region is there- profound and permanent contribufore rich in historical incidents. The tion to character, attitude, and type scenery is the finest in- the United of life. States, embracing the great mountain peaks, the Yosemite, Yellowstone The growth of this region in popu- lation will illustrate its amazing general development in every line.

While the United States has In- (b) The in creasi ng ability to discreased in population at the rate of cover and use natural resources proabout 25 per cent. a decade for the ceeds by leaps and bounds. No other last seventy years, the Pacific Slope equal area in the United States for the last forty years has made an possesses such vast water power as average increase of 55 per cent. per the Pacific Slope. In many of the decade. If this region should main- rivers, the entire discharge of water tain its own rate of growth until the can be converted into electrical end of its second century of history energy, at scores of places in its -that is to say in the year 2oro-it course, without diminishing the volwould report a population of 200,- ume of water. The entire volume of 000,000. If it should average for the Snake River, for example, can the next nine decades the increase of be used probably a hundred times, population maintained by the United without interfering with any of the other uses of its water flow. FIRST PROTESTANT HOUSE OF WORS HIP IN CALI FORNIA (c) The amazing fertili ty of the Dedicated in August, 1849. T he lot cost $10,000 soil throughollt this whole region is and the h ouse $6,000. It was bllilt 01 s ha kes and con stantly confounding the wisdom sai l cloth whe n go ld was wo rth on ly about it s and experience of those who have profited therefrom. To these add we igh t in flou r. that other factor of an equable cli- mate, and th ere are seen the great States for the past seven decades, it sil ent, persistent forces, both of will have a population of 4 5 ,500,000. Nature and civilization, which wili Without attempting any prophecy, determine not alone the population of these possibilities warrant us in be- this great region, but in a large way lieving that by the time Astoria th e temper of its people, their virility, celebrates its second centenn ial, we and their exuberance. shaH have on the Western side of the Rockies full y one half as great The Planting of Religion a population as is now in the territory of the U nited States. A num- The establishing of religion in the ber of forces are working together expanding life of the American to promote, if not to intensify this people has had its story of frontiers increase of population. Some of no less striking and no less filled them are these: with heroic figures than those more material and visible. "Without this (a) Increasing facility of travel is mi ssionary work and spirit," said rendering the population of the vari- President Roosevelt, "the conquest ous countries more fluid, and there is of this continent would have had a consequent increasing tendency to- little but an animal side. Without it ward an equality in density. the pioneers' fierce and rude virtues and somber thoughts would have been left unlit by the flame of pure and living aspiration. Without it the life of this country would have been a life of inconceivably hard amI electronic file created by cafis .org

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER 8I5

barren materialism. Because of it, Indians; Congregationalists in 1836, deep beneath and through the na- for the same reason; Baptists m tional character, there runs that power of firm adherence to a lofty RtLAn<'C £JtHI8f7'$ ()F'THE (;HvIfr:n M£MtlCI/SHIP ,oW" NON MENB£R5HIP NrD Ir~ ideal upon which the safety of the ~TRllJI/T1?NIJYTI1£ -,rAn::.s JI/lMf;(J ~~OF71¥TUT.ll!. I'tI"KRTDr/M'Yllt..So ~£N nation will ultimately depend." __ M~=~"""":"":-",~s~"n-"- Taral Mernber5 The Pacific Slope region, perhaps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ §~~~. even more than some of the older A_V_o_M~.r frontiers, early had the devoted lives and heroic service of pioneer mis- Non -memt>e.,-.5 sionaries. Indeed, here the missionanes came before the people, for 1844; Presbyterians in 1846; Episthey came under missionary im- copalians in 1851. pulses to bring the Gospel and its social and civilizing message to The actual denominational strength the Indians. Some of them, there- in this region for the current year is fore, were at hand, and immediately not available, but a fair estimate began their services among the first from the most recent official figures scattered settlements in the Oregon would show the Protestant strength Country. Missionary societies be- to be about as shown in tables below. came active, and missionaries were sent directly for work among those It is fair, therefore, to estimate whom they· tenderly regarded as that there are about 2,000,000 mem- "our people who have gone to that bers of Protestant churches in this far-off Vestern frontier." This was region, and it seems to me the numtrue in the Northwest. It was like- ber of ministers may be put down wise true in California. Mission- at about 9,000. aries were under appointment to San Francisco, before the discovery of gold had been announced in New England, and reached San Francisco in the early days of r849. To describe the matter denominationally, missionaries came into this frontier region about as follows: Methodists in 1834, primarily for work among S.-S.( Churches Ministers Members Property Members Methodists …………….. 1,450 1,500 150,000 $11,400,000 210,000 Presbyterians …………. . 1,000 750 90,000 … , …. Congregationalists . . . . . . .. .. 60,000 $5,000,000 ..1.0.0.,.0.0.0 …. . ……………… …… 600 …….. 75,000 5,600,000 Baptists .' ,- 800 80,000 Episcopa lians 430 1,350 …… .. … , …. .. 380 . …….

Less H,opeful Features will be one of our cities already I have purposely mentioned these founded. Our city problem, there- hopeful elements of the situation that fore, lies with the cities of the pres- they may be in mind while other ent, some of which are to be among facts are considered. There was a the great cities of the continent.

time when frontier lines in America During the twenty years ending in somewhat coincided with our parallels 1910 our ten chief cities showed net of longitude. That time is passing. gains of 167 per cent. City areas in Professor Paxson, of Michigan, has the same time increased probably declared, "The frontier left the map more than 400 per cent. The period in the latter years of the nineteenth since 1890 practically includes the century." The lines bounding the history of electric car transportation, frontiers of the twentieth century will and therefore the immense increase correspond more nearly to isotherms. of suburban areas in all American The present American frontier is cities. When this movement began, becoming a frontier within the fron- almost every congregation in these tier, and consists of types of destitu- Western cities was still occupying its tion and need. Notwithstanding all first meeting-house. These churches that I have said, it is true that there have faced not only the demand to are more people on the Pacific Slope meet this expanding urban territory, unreached by the gospel, and more but also have been heavily burdened actual religious destitution than at to provide adequate houses of wor- any time since the arrival of the first ship. Consequently the suburbs have missionaries, seventy-five years ago. outgrown the local ability to take To a description of these other ele- care of them. No denomination has ments of the situation, I must now been able to give adequate attention address myself. to this most promising opportunity Roman Catholic and Non-membership existing at the very doors of their Facts largest centers and of their strongest and' most zealous churches.

PERCENTAGES OF CHURCH ADHERENTS The following statement from one of the most aggressive and evan- Prot. R. C. Unchurched gelistic pastors of San Francisco not only discloses a fact of that city but Montana …. 8 23.8 68.2 is in part typical of much of our Arizona …. 6.3 20.7 73 city situations: California … 14.3 21.5 64.2 "The painful and deplorable factor in this entire report covering six Nevada ….. 7.6 23.6 68.8 Utah (88% Mormon?) 45.4 Washington ………………. 68.8 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 United States as a whole …… 60.9 These figures tell a story, and carry years is the ceaseless and wholesale a most serious appeal. movement of my members from the The Situation in Cities city, and often from the oversight and knowledge of the church. The The Pacific Slope region has now total number of additions since the sufficiently developed its trend of fire in 1906 is 467. The total num- population so that its future centers ber of losses during the period is are known. The future metropolis 476. The figures reflect in a slight

AMERICA'S LAST

degree the peculiar difficulty which the school districts of Oregon had attaches to church work in San been tabulated, and that in this tabu- Francisco. The population is un- lation 617 out of 1,145 report that stable, and its flow is constant to an there is no church or Sunday-school extent quite extraordinary. Nor is within their limits. My knowledge there any promise of improvement, of the state, therefore, leads me to for the new San Francisco is becom- believe that fully one-half the school ing more and more a market place, districts within the state are without a commercial center, and pleasure any religious privileges within their ground; a city of hotels and flats and limits. In Northern California the apartments for housing transients. report covers 984 school districts, and The home builders are moving out in of those reporting, 31.5 per cent. a steady stream down the peninsula report the existence of churches, and or across the bay, where land is 32.3 per cent. the existence of Suncheaper, taxes lower, moral conditions day-schools within their limits, but better, and surroundings more con- of the whole number it is estimated ducive to home life. The dire fore- that fully 64 per cent. have no reboding of Dr. Charles Jefferson, of ligious activities within their limits at Broadway Tabernacle of New York, all. In the state of Washington. concerning that city, may become from which the last report has applicable to San Francisco within reached me, the report shows that 53 the next half century. This gateway per cent. of the school districts of the to the Orient may take on the char- state have no religious activity within acter of a foreign mission field. their limits of any kind. From present outlook it would appear that the downtown churches of San COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CHURCH MEMBER- Francisco within another generation will be unable to maintain their SHIP IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, WASHexistence without large endowment funds or their equivalent in mission- 1NGToN' 'AND THE UNITED STATES AS A ary appropriations. That day may be averted by large help for main- WHOLE. Cal. Wash. U.S. taining or to be used in maintaining a considerable staff of workers at the N on-church- 68.7% 60.9% present time." members ……. 62.9% 12.2 14.3 18.6 24.1 Surveys by Home Missions Council Roman Catholic … 21.5 Protestant …….. 14.3 0.5 .7 Under the general direction of the All others…. . . . . .. 1.3 Home Missions Council, a careful survey was made during 1912 of all the CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS IN NORTHERN states of the Pacific Slope, with some others. The unit of investigation was CALIFORNIA AND WASHINGTON. the organized school district. Uniform questions were used, and the N. Cal. Wash. returns are now becoming available. Methodist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 % 21.3% These reports show that about half Presbyterian …………. IL2 8.2 Protestant Episcopal…. . .. 7.7 4.0 Baptist ………………. 7.5 7.1 Congregational ……….. 7.4 6.9 Disciples ….. 5.6 6.1 Lutheran ………. 4.2 11.5 Adventist … 3.7 3.9 Other Ev. Prot. Bodies. . .. 5.7 1.1 Roman Catholic ………. 11.9 1.0 Other Organizations …… 11.0 3.9 Summary-North California Protestant ………………….. 77.10/0 Catholic …………………….. 11.9 All Other ………………….. 11.0 Summary-Washington Protestant ………………….. 85.7%.

Catholic ……………………. 9.7 All Other …………………… 4.6

Tabulations from the results of this short time. We have much to be thank- Home Mission Survey are sufficient ful for." Population 350. to alarm us by the fact that from 50 per cent. to 60 per cent. of the school "We have no use for your church or districts organized within this great parasite priests and preachers, or for any region of country have within their of your so-called Christian fads. We are limits no organized Church or Sun- trying to follow in the steps of the Naza- day-school through which to reach rene, by following out his gospel of the with the Gospel message the thou- brotherhood of man. To hell with your sands of children actually enrolled in questions. You mind your business, and these district schools. Probably more we'll mind ours." than twice as many adults also reside in these same fields, and this fact "The moral and religious standards are multiplies the alarming situation as extremely low. There are no churches, to religious destitution in the whole Sunday-schools, lodges, or improvement of this great 'Vestern region. clubs. Drunken men are often seen on the streets." Population 400. 'Within another year the results of this study will be available in printed "We don't have any church or Sunform, and a systematic and intelligent day-school at all now. We did try to program may then be formed for have a union Sunday-school, but the peoreaching this destitution in some ade- ple did not seem to care for it, so it stopt. quate way. It is a great task, and Population 350. will require not alone sacrificial surrender of money and time by the Literally hundreds of such reports churches already established in this were received in this study. region, but will also call for much cooperative contribution from the Types of Destitution general missionary organizations of the denominations represented. There are other types of destitu- tion which are widespread among A few quotations from replies to the permanent population. In the the questions sent out make the re- Pacific Slope region as a whole, are ligious need somewhat more vivid. multitudes of communities where pur- suits are carried forward that do "There are no churches in this district not invite the formation of permaand no church-members. Not one, save nent settlements. For the most part, the clerk, and he is a poor one." Popula- these may be grouped under such tion 76. heads as logging camps, mill towns, mining centers, and construction "There is not a church-member in the camps. The best statistics thus far district." Population 38. gathered show that in the five states of Washington, Oregon, California, "I know nine school districts near here Idaho, and lVfontana, there are 3,03 I that have no religious service nor Sunday- establishments engaged in lumbering school. Some of them never had a Sun- industries, and 2,085 corporations day-school. Many children are growing occupied with mining activities, o~ a up who do not know what church is. total of 5,116 of stich groups of men. Children of twelve and fifteen years have To these must, of course, be added never been in a Sunday-school." the smelting centers. The permanent number of such camps and groups, "We have no churches, no saloons, and therefore, is somewhere above 5,000 110 brothels. One follows the other in a for these five states, and, if to these be added similar groups in Utah,

Nevada, and Arizona, the number people than any other section of the will be brought above 6,000. No United States. This may be the case, figures are available as to the actual for it has not yet felt the direct tides number of men employed in these of immigrants such as have inundated industries for this entire group of the Atlantic States. What the result states. Figures gathered concerning may be when immigration begins to some of the states by the State move directly from Europe through Labor Commissioners warrant me in the Panama Canal to the Pacific estimating that there are 400,000 Coast, is, as yet, largely a matter of people in these communities. Not opinion or conj ecture. AU students more than two of our cities have so of the matter are agreed, however, large a population. Relatively speak- that there will be direct immigration, ing, this is the most needy and least- and that the number of foreigncared-for set of groups in this region, speaking peoples received as immiand constitutes an important, if not grants into this region will be very pathetic appeal. There are, perhaps, much increased over the movement fifty places of considerable import- of any year hitherto. But the present ance, which are becoming somewhat situation is more disquieting than is permanent settlements as smelter generally believed. During the last towns, where the population is num- decade in all of these states the bered by thousands, and, to a large average increase of the entire popuextent is made up of men. lation was about 7I per cent., 'but the percentage of growth of the There are certain features common foreign born or of foreign parentage to this whole group of communities, was 75 per cent., indicating that even such as: at the present time with all the handi- caps of transcontinental travel, our Instability of population. foreign population is increasing more High percentage of men. rapidly than the native born. The Owners or determining directorship of census reports also show that about the industries non-resident. 5I per cent. of the present popula- Abnormal weakness of all forms of or- tion is composed of foreign born ganized aggressive Christian work. and the children of foreign-born Large prominence of civilization's great- parents. It is evident, therefore, that est vices, namely, gambling, intemperance, this frontier feature will become more and prostitution. and more marked, and will demand increasing attention from religions For this whole class of communi- workers. Active work is already ties, no adequate plan has yet been being prosecuted by all the leading framed, and no concerted attack by denominations among these new the denominations represented in the Americans, and all the leading races Home Missions Council has appar- represented are having some attenently yet been conceived, still less tion. I f the whole problem can be made effective. Soine good work unitedly approached in this region, in being done discloses the inherent a fraternal and cooperative way by possibilities. the denominations already interested.

Our Foreign Brother It has been generally supposed that the Pacific Slope region is more largely composed of American-born

there is still the possibility that we received 43,824 members by letter. may prevent the coming of that sense that it had dismissed by letter 30,238; of inability over the churches, which and had lost by death and erasure seems to prevail in some sections of of the names of those whose resiour land. dence had become unknown, 15,265 other members. It will be seen that A Depressing Incident during this period this denomination had had a net loss in these ways of It will have been gathered from 1,679 members. Whatever net growth what has preceded, that the percent- had come to it during that period, age of our total popUlation gathered had been achieved through converts into Protestant churches is very con- brought in through confession and siderably smaller in these states than baptism. For some years to come, in the United States as a whole, and, this general feature must characterize therefore, relatively very much less current church history. than prevails in the older portions of the United States. It will also have Concluding Reflections been observed that the density of population in this whole region is not This region has been a mission only less than the United States as field from the first, and in a general a whole, but relatively very much way is still the largest mission field less than the density of the popula- of organized denominational work in tion East of the Mississippi River. America. I will not spend time to The missionary meaning of these two urge that it should continue to be facts is that the churches of this recognized as a mission-field. Both region are smaller in their average the presence and expenditure of namembership, are more widely re- tional missionary organizations in all moved from each other, and are more its parts declare this to be their conloosely and indefinitely related to each viction. N or need any time be taken other in common tasks, than in to argue the great and the increasing similar areas eastward. The relation importance of this Western quarter of this to the question of supervision of our nation. All that may be taken and administration and of efficient for granted, in view of what has alcooperation is at once evident. Not ready been said, and of much more only are churches removed from each that space forbids being said. If all other in general, but those of any that should be done, is to be done, particular denomination are even consideration should be given to the more widely scattered. following matters.

This leads to a curious and de- (a) The situation is urgent.· What pressing fact. It is often felt that is to be done ought to be done as churches in this region have made speedily as possible. Economy detheir gains largely by letters or mands great haste. The enormous transfer of membership from in- speed of material, educational, and coming additions to our popUlation. social development, demands that A study of one denomination made equal pace be kept in religious and two years ago revealed the fact that missionary undertakings. The rapid in the preceding ten years it had enlargement and possible potency in

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER

the relations of this. region to an their Local forces in this region, to increasing immigration, and to the secure and support leadership of this rapidly crystallizing formation of a type.

new civilization in lands beyond the (e) Missionary funds must con- sea, with which the Pacific Slope is tinue to be invested. Greater mobil- our nation's point of contact, call for ity in the sums to be invested is a increase of speed in prosecuting the necessary and prominent change missionary conquest on this Western· which needs to be appreciated more slope. Its impact abroad should be by national missionary organizations.

increasingly Christian. A single illustration will make the (b) The situation calls for still meaning clear. An irrigation dis- further minute investigation and trict opened by the government some– analysis. The work done by the times comprises a half-dozen town- Home Missions Council has disclosed sites, and land for three thousand the existence of unsuspected situa- homes. All this may be sold by tions and needs, but the full story auction within a fortnight, and a can be brought to light only by flood of population at once inundates further and more careful study. It that district. Money and workers is probable that the responsibility for to meet this situation should be suffi- this can be put and ought to be put ciently mobile to enable mISSIOn upon the organized work of national boards to rise to the occasion and denominations within each state. But deal with the situation adequately the matter will be more uniformly and immediately. Similar situations done, and more likely to be done, if at times develop in suburban addi- a representative of the Home Mis- tions to some of our largest cities.

sions Council could be kept in the The last word to be said about field for a time, to stimulate and this region, and about previous and direct this investigation. It is a case future investment of men and money, in which zeal, without knowledge, is is both historical and prophetic. It wasteful. has been justified and will 111- (c) Many of the tasks involved in creasingly be justified. The vigorous supplying religious instruction ought type of denominational and Christian to be cared for through federated life and efficiency existing here is effort. Many fields are such as to worth more than it has cost. From make local church organization im- this field the annual outgo of con- practicable, or at any rate slow and tributions in Christian lives and offer- greedy in absorbing missionary funds, ings for world evangelism already if undertaken. Here the gentle pres- represents even usurious rates of sure and brotherly suggestion of the interest on the missionary invest- various national boards might be ment. Ere long, the entire principal exerted to great profit, and with large will have been repaid, yet the income success. will persist and wiII continue to in- (d) Local leadership of great per- crease. The Pacific Slope is not only sonality and prophetic insight is of to be a garden of the Lord, but as tremendous importance, and national well a land of springs, whose flood boards might well cooperate with .shall fructify the whole world.

Awakenings at

and Abroad* BY REV. M. T. MORRILL, DAYTON, OHIO Secretary of the J'Iission Board of the Christian Church PIRITUAL awakenings tribes and peoples. It is easy to ISI may be thought of in trace the effects of the German Pie- different days. There tists through the Lutheran Church and the Moravian Church, and to see are the widespread re- how the impulse of a deepened spiri- . vivals in spiritual things such as char- tual life became responsible for mis- acterized the great revival of 1857- sions in other lands. Through the 58; or they may be more local. Moravians the awakening was com- There are the ordinary awakenings municated to England in the Wes- of the evangelistic campaigns and leyan revival, and this affected Amer- those that manifest themselves in ica in the preaching of Whitefield and such movements as that of the. Stu- others who had come under the dent Volunteers. Some spiritual Wesleyan influence. We can directly awakenings are characterized by in- trace to old England the awakening gatherings of new converts into the in New England, which grew out of church, and others by the quickened the fervid appeals of Jonathan Ed- zeal among nominal church members. wards, and from both countries its I f the awakenings are really spiritual effects to oriental lands through the effects are far-reaching and often missions and missionaries.

touching two or more continents. It would be possible to trace re- The progress of the Christian con- sults of the great awakening of r857- quest has ever been from land to 58 from America to other lands, but land. Christianity has necessarily the great Moody revivals in America first taken root in one land, and and England inter-acted on other gained sufficient spiritual vigor to lands and the Welsh revival of I904 propagate itself before it has spreall reached to India, thence spread to to another land. The same revivals Korea, and thence to China.

have frequently affected two or more In the more local awakenings, we lands, and in some cases the impulse are struck by the synchronous prayer- that caused an awakening was re-' meetings in Mt. Holyoke Seminary ceived from two or more lands. and the conversion of students in Centuries ago certain Christian Fidelia Fiske's school in Persia; and centers in France, Scotland, Ireland with the fact that when God's spirit and England were the centers also of aroused the students in Doshisha missionary activity, whence men were University in Japan many prayer- sent out to heathen and pagan lands meetings for that institution were on evangelical errands and converted being held in America. These are *From a paper prepared for the Conference of Foreign },.lission Boards at Garden City, N. Y.: January, 1912. but a few of many such facts that in foreign mission fields have at times might be mentioned. The Student operated to arouse churches. Wher- Volunteer Movement has signalized ever there is a deeply spiritual and spiritual awakening among students, venturesome Christianity planted in and is one of the most remarkable mission fields, we may logically expect general movements for enlarging the it to concern itself with the lethargic Kingdom of God that we have seen base of missions at home. . . . in America. The Evangelical Lutheran Church There is undoubtedly a definite still feels the missionary spirit that relationship between the spiritual was infused into it by the Pietists. a wakenings at home and abroad; The Board of Foreign Missions says spirit-filled men here may go abroad that not only the noteworthy work of and produce awakenings there; re- the Missouri Synod in South Amer- vival here may create revival there; ica, but other parts of the Lutheran prayer here produces effects there. missionary work would yield inspira- In other words, sufficient spiritual tion and give light on the question. energy may be generated at home to There are inspiring chapters in the send forth men and women who shall recent history of the United Presby- be used in quickening or awakening terian Church mISSIOn in India. interest abroad. The agency is quite Since 1895-96 there has been a re- visible, even tho the power be un- vival spirit, more or less intense, seen. Or such deep interest may prevalent up to the present time. grow here as will produce a multi- The movetnent in India has deeply tude of intercessors whose prayers affected the church in America, will be honored of God in bringing emphasizing the highest standards to pass the desired end there. of holiness and separation and the mmlstry of intercession. Certain Our missionarias believe that conferences of the United Presby- prayer at the home base is absolutelv terian missions in India and Egypt essential for success and real progre;s have also made a profound impres- in mission lands, and hence in mis- sion on the home church. .'. . sionaries' letters and addresses we have the never-ceasing importunities Evidently the history of many for prayers. foreign missions could be made to yield greater inspiration and richer It is freely asserted-that prayer is lessons than have already been ob- more powerful and efficacious than tained from that source. While the all other agencies; the invisible is church needs first of all to learn to more powerful than the visible. send the gospel everywhere because Experiences of individuals and groups the Lord wills it, yet it has a right in changing things by prayer have led to all the help it can get from the to the assumption that mass move- past or present triumphs of the ments in prayer for missions would Gospel. . generate such power that Christianity would gain remarkable triumphs in But a small part of the church has comparatively barren and refractory any definite idea of the inter-relation fields. between the spiritual conditions of the church at home and the church On the other hand the awakenings

in the foreign mission fields. It is an awakening? Can we infer from said that the level of the water in the facts obtainable that the missions the lakes of central New York rises might have been spiritually refreshed and falls with the rise and fall in the and enlarged if the church at home great lakes, and some authorities pre- had been spiritual enough and prayerdicate subterranean passages connect- ful enough? Then the remissness ing the bodies of water. Is it true should be laid heavily and persistently that there is a similar spiritual equi- on the church. It can scarcely be librium between our home churches denied that some missions and some and our foreign missions? sections of the native church need evangelistic zeal and actual revival It is safe to assert also that for thc experiences of the most thorough and most part the church does 11'0t yet continuous character. If the failure appreciate its definite prayer-respon- of the church at home is to blame sibility for its messengers to non- for the need abroad, then that fact Christian lands. If intercession is must be pointed out and demonreally the power we claim it to be, strated, and the church at home called then our greatest task lies before us repeatedly to a deeper cons::'cration in the home church. If out of the and a life of intercession. records of our foreign mission work we can show the vital connection The records of missionary enterbetween the work at home and prises illustrate conclusively that as abroad, and show how the success we really live or die at home, so do abroad depends on the spiritual con- they really live or die abroad; that dition at home <J,nd the volume of in- the most real element of life, which tercession at home, perhaps we can is deep spirituality, can only be had more easily quicken the church to its at home by sharing it abroad, and duty and privilege. this power will be experienced abroad as soon as we actually experience it What if many of our foreign mis- at home. sions never have seen anything like "Laborers Together With God"

By Lord p'1unkett, D.D. (Late Archbishop of Dublin) "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- For childhood's holy cause to fight. o Lord, may this our watchword be! This be our task-not idle speech- What nobler destiny for each, Nat vain delay-fast comes the night! Than thus to live and work for Thee?

"Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- His Cross in view, His .Word in hand, To strive–nor lay our armor down! Up, fellow soldiers, mount the breach, Be this our warfare till we reach Be true to Church and Fatherland! The victor's goal, and win the crown!

EVIDENCE OF THE BENEFIC IAL EFFECTS OF CHRISTIAN

The Prospects of Christianity In China A CHINESE VIEW OF THE SITUATION BY DR. Y. Y. TSU, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI INCE the Revolution o. f. nations directly and indirectly affect one another. Especially is this true mS 1911, the eyes of the in our time of modern transportation world have more than facilities. In the same way Christian ever focused their at- people of the West want to know tention upon our nation what is to be the religious future of and our affairs. The our nation, because whether we be- come Christian or remain as we have fact that any changes that take place been is a matter of momentous im- port not only to ourselves but also in China, whether in politics, in edu- to the rest of the world. It is the· writer's intention in this essay to cation, in customs, or in religion, present some facts and conditions concerning Christianity in China. affect the welfare and lives of four which according to his' judgment will supply correct and interesting data hundred millions of people, or on.;;. from which the reader can draw his fourth of the world's population, endows these changes with special human interest. People in western countries want to know what is to be the future of the Chinese nation be- c~use they understand the fact that

conclusion as to the progress and fusion, but we may confidently expect prospects of the Christian religion in that out of the dissolution a new our country. order of things will evolve.

Liberation of Thought and Religion By the provisional constitution of the Nanking Republican government Three years ago a great upheaval religious freedom has become a con- took place in this land which brought stitutional right of the people of the Manchu Court to capitulate its China. It has not only become a own abdication and to accept the offer state policy to preserve this right but of a state pension, and which secured also a living principle in the popular the emancipation of the Chinese mind. And so when a party of Con- people and gave them the right of fucianists attempt to influence the popular government. It is natural to government to raise Confucianism to call it a political event but to evaluate the status of state religion by the in- its importance by its political signifi- clusion of a clause to that effect in cance alone is to overlook its vast the new constitution instantly there intellectual influence which, like a arises opposition from all parts of the seismotic disturbance, has left deep country against the measure. Fol- traces and marks upon every side of lowers of both the Christian religion national life. In fact, it is not in- and the non-Christian religions, men correct to say that the greatest bless- of broad sympathies and intelligence, ing which the Revolution has con- Confucian, Christian, Buddhist, and ferred upon the nation is the libera- what not,-all oppose the establish- tion of thought. Before it, our ment of a state religion, not because highest authority in intellectual judg- they dislike Confucianism, but because ment was tradition and our philosophy a state religion is not conformable to of life was the belief that the old the spirit of republicanism. Both order of things was good enough. President Yuan Shi-kai and Vice- But with the breakdown of the old President Li Yuan-hung have exprest order, we have begun to see that the their opinion as opposed to the policy best is yet to be. We have become of raising one religion above the critical in our attitude toward existing others by the help of the law, and as institutions and have acquired uncon- in favor of freedom of conscience sciously the scientific temper of want- and belief. It is a fact of tremen- ing to know the wherefore of their dous significance that this new idea being. Religious beliefs, moral pre- of religious freedom should have so cepts, social theories as well as forms ingratiated itself in the public mind of government and methods of edu- as to become a mighty force, which cation have become subjects for even Confucianism can not shake or critical discussion and examination. compromise. Hence the rise of newspapers and periodicals, which enjoy wide circu- Some might ask, Is Confucianism lation. Old ideas, beliefs, and pre- loosing ground in China? Is its _cepts are thrown into solution, as it authority dissolving? Are the moral were, and for a time public morals teachings of Confucius less respected and beliefs are in a state of con- and obeyed by the people of China? In answer to these questions we can

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN

hardly say that there has been any desirable, that Confucianism should decline in the nation's regard for be discarded in order that Christi- Confucianism as an ethical system. anity might be adopted. As one In fact, Confucius is more conscien- well-known missionary has said, HIt tiously honored and esteemed to-day is not the rejection of Confucianism than ever before. But in a state of that is to be aimed at, but the far general moral and intellectual con- wider and more zealous preaching of fusion, which attends the liberation of Confucianism and a truer application thought, like heavy fog attending an of its moral teachings in everyday outburst of morning sunshine, Con- Ii fe that we must insist upon for the CHINESE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT KIANGSU ilembcrs of the ~merican Episcopal Church :Mission. Each banner represents a local band fucianism has suffered with other good of the nation. For the teachsystems, as far as popular practise is ings of Confucius and the teachings concerned. of Jesus are not contradictory but complementary. History has shown But this is very different from that Christianity has been enriched saying that Confucianism is dis·· and not endangered by contact with credited by our people, as some mis- the successive civilizations through sionaries seem to feel that they are which it has come down to our age. justified in saying. To discredit Con- If so, then, it should be a matter for fucianism is to discredit Chinese civil- confident expectation rather than misization, Chinese genius, and so the giving, that Christianity will be the Chinese nation itself. And this no gainer by contact with Confucianism Chinese has done or will do. And it and Chinese civilization." is not necessary, in fact it is un-

Unprejudiced Attitude Toward the unintelligent or the masses have Christianity no appreciation of right and wrong as abstract principles and no self- Mr. Wang Yung-bei, lately Com- control, ana so they must be cajoled missioner of Education for the Prov- or forced into right conduct and preince of Kiangsu, a Confucianist vented from wrong-doing by external scholar and non-Christian, and a authority, which is furnished by ~the sincere man who has thought things religIOUS doctrine of heaven and hell, out for himself, once said to a group or reward and punishment in the next of his Christian friends, "Formerly world." In more refined form the I made a distinction among religions test may be described in the words as native and foreign on account of of Thomas Nixon Carver, an Ameritheir origin. But now I am convincd can sociologist: "What is the best that such a distinction is false for religion? That is the best religion religions as such must be universal." which (I) acts most powerfully as a This statement means that the old spur to energy, and (2) directs that prejudiced attitude toward Christi- energy most productively. That is anity because of its foreign origin the most productive expenditure of no longer exists in the minds of the energy which gives the most life and educated people of China, and that supports it' most abundantly, which they are willing to receive the Chris- gives the largest control over the tian religion according to its intrinsic forces of nature and the most comworth. What a change of attitude plete dominion over the world, and for the better this means is fully which enables men to control whatunderstood by those who have lived ever environment happens to surthrough an earlier period when the round them and to live comfortably Christian religion was officially known in it." (Quotation from Carver's as the foreign religion and to be a "The Religion Worth Having," 1912, Christian was to be ridiculed as dis- pp. 12- 13.) loyal to one's nation and family! The need of the hour seems to The educated people of China, like push into the background any other Mr. Wang, are desirous of having a consideration of the meaning of reworthy religion for the nation.. In ligion. The essentially religious motive their search for such a religion they ideas such as, communion with God, apply a test, which may be described the human sense of dependence upon as the utilitarian standar:d. They want higher powers, the thirst of the soul a religion that can save the nation for the divine personality, and so from moral and physical degeneration. forth, are overshadowed by the That is the first and last requirement, demand for results. There is no "to save the nation." In a crude cause for alarm in this. The utiliform the test may be amplified some- tarian appreciation of religion usually what as follows: "The chief function comes first and before spiritual apof religion is disciplinary. The intel- preciation. The former generally ligent people or men of education leads to the latter. But when it does can be made to understand the prin- not, then there is danger ahead. We ciples of right and wrong and to need not be afraid of Christianity guide their conduct accordingly. But

being tested by the utilitarian stand- tized Christian in every four hundred ard, for as Professor Carver has of the population. But the ,~oral inpointed out, while many of the pagan fluence that this body of men and religions seem to perform the first women exercise among their· fellow function of religion-that is, as a spur to energy,-somewhat better countrymen is at least ten times its than Christianity, none of them has proportionate share. In other words, equaled Christianity in the second, the influence of the Christian comthat is, in the productiveness with munity in society is as if one out of which its energy has been directed. every forty of the population were a Christian believer. As proof of this CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS FOR THE CHRISTIAN MINISTRY These volunteers are from schools and colleges near Shanghai, gathered at the Kiangsu Summer Conference At the present time, Christianity is fact, we may cite the order of the gaining ground among our people not President's Cabinet in April of last only because it has a good theology year, calling upon all Christians in but especially because it is a religion the land to pray for the nation, and that shows practical results. As they commanding state officials to attend see the fruits, so they judge the tree. the Christian services. Very few people seem to believe that the order Moral Influence of Christians to observe April 27th as the National Prayer Day was a political move to In China we can not boast of a win the sympathy and favor of Chrislarge Christian church membership. tian nations. It is generally regarded Perhaps there is at most one ba1'-

as a sincere desire on the part of the public mind. Unlike evangelistic work nation's leaders to invoke divine help these educational agencies are not for the newly established government primarily concerned with the gaining of the country according to the way of church members, but with evan- of the Christians. Whatever our in- gelistic work they are almlllg at terpretation of the event, we must all the Christianization of society.

see that it was an unsought spon- Another powerful agency whereby taneous acknowledgment of the in- Christian ideas and ideals are dis- fluence of the Christians III the' seminated and realized among our country. It is not necessary for us people is the Young Men's Christian to reiterate the familiar proofs of Association and the Young Women's the same fact, such as the leading Christian Association. The Christian part which Christians play in fighting Associations include in their member- against national evils, opium-smoking, ship both church-members and non- concubinage, slavery, etc., and in Christians. They aim to build up movements that aim at positive ame- for the nation and for the Church lioration of society, as education, strong Christian manhood and .medical work, social services of womanhood in the complete sense of various kinds. the word. They have had a wonder- One of the ways whereby the Chris- ful career in the large cities and have tians exercise large moral influence is been the means of reaching many in educational institutions. It is un- young men and women anel leading disputed that there are no better them into the Christian life.

schools and colleges in the land than The Chinese Ministry and the Student Christian schools and colleges. They Voluntl!er Movement are superior to others not necessarily The native ministry is the crux in the excellence of their equipment of the missionary problem. Just as or their curriculum, altho it is gener- the training of the twelve disciples ally the case, but in their good dis- was the chief work of Christ on earth, cipline and influence upon the char- so the training of the native ministry acter of the students. According tq must be the chief work of the mis- latest statistics there are about eighty sionaries. As Mott said, if China is thousand students in Christian pri- ever reached for Christ, it will be mary schools and more than thirty- largely through the influence of the one thousand students in the institu- Chinese, because the native worker tions of higher grades. It is not knows the language of the people, difficult to interpret these numbers in their environment, customs and tradi- the term of Christian nurture upon tions, their successes and failures, as personal character, upon family life, no foreigner can. And so the native and upon social customs and ideals. ministry is the most important human Besides the schools and colleges, there factor for the establishment of the are other educational agencies such Christian Church in China. Mission- as Christian literature societies, tract aries sow the seeds of the Gospel, societies, mission presses, Christian but the watering of the plants and publications, which together wield a the reaping of the harvest must be large molding influence over the the work of natives.

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIAK'ITY I~

But the difficult problem has been the past, (2) to enlist qualified young to secure a sufficient number of quali- men for the ministry, (3) to raise fied men for the ministry, and to hold the status of the ministry in public them in it. The calling is a new one mind, (4) to advance theological eduand so lacks the appealing power of cation, and (5) to encourage minisan old institution with its record of terial students to take the best prepfamous men in its ranks, ·as preachers, aration for their life-work. It is pastors and doctors of theology. 1110st gratifying that already there are Lack of appreciation of ministerial in the Christian ministry men of rework in the popular mind, the low cognized ability, education and consestatus of the ministry, and other un- cration, such as Rev. Cheng Chingfavorable conditions deter promising yi, Pastor Ting Li-mei, Rev. Lindel young men from selecting the min- Tsen, Rev. P. N. Tsu, and Rev. istry as their life-work. Moreover Bernard Tsen, who as living models other professions seem to offer to of what the native ministry should be men of ability greater opportunities are raising the ministerial standard for personal advancement and social and attracting young men of like recognition, and so men of this kind qualification to a favorable considerare attracted more by these profes- ation of the claims of the ministry. sions than by the ministry. Finally. lack of consecration on the part of The Chinese Church our educated Christian .yOl1l1g men is another serious cause to account for Exactly one hundred years ago the deficiency of men for the min- Robert Morrison, the great missionistry. In short, the ministerial prob- ary pioneer, baptized his first convert lem of the Christian Church in our in the person of Tsai A-ko. "At a country is the same problem that has spring of water, issuing from the confronted the Church in America foot of a lofty hill, by the seaside, for the last fifty years. away from hnman observation, I bap- tized him in the name of the Father, Recently conditions have improved. Son and Holy Ghost. . . . May he The Student Volunteer Movement for be the first fruits of a great harvest." the Ministry has been organized, "as These words were found in Mora spontaneous response to a specific rison's diary for 1814. To-day there and urgent need," as one missionary are 370,000 baptized members affiliput it. It derived its original impetus ated with Protestant churches. Elsefrom the evangelistic work of a where in this essay, we have atnative pastor, Mr. Ting Li-mei, tempted to show that the moral inamong the students of north China fluence of the Christians 111 our in 19IO, when over three hundred country is ten times their numerical students dedicated their lives for strength. The other characteristics Christian service. The movement has of the Chinese Church that are notesince then spread rapidly. The formal worthy are the desire for unity, coorganization was effected in 1912, operation and federation in large miswhen an executive committee was sionary undertakings, and self-propaappointed. The objects of the move- gation. We quote the findings of ment are (I) to conserve results of the 1913 China National Missionary

Conference on the Chinese Church in China and to present themselves, for their lucid statement of facts and in the face of the great mass of conditions and their true reflection of Chinese non-Christian people, as one the spirit of the Chinese Church: brotherhood with one common name, "This Conference prays with one this Conference suggests as the most accord for that unity of all Chris- suitable name for this purpose, tians for which our Lord Himself "Chung-hwa Ki-toh Kiao-hwe," or prayed, that the world may know and "The Christian Church in China."

receive Him as God the Son, the Savior of all mankind, and in accord- The Signs of Progress ance with this prayer, earnestly de- In conclusion, we re-state briefly sires the unity of the whole Church the facts and conditions which to of Christ in China. our mind show that Christianity has "This Conference rej oices that the made genuine progress in China and churches in China, for the most part, that' prospects of its future are bright have been organized as self-govern- and promising of greater acllieve- ing bodies, and believes that in ment. Of the signs of progress, respect of form and organization, there are (1), the establishment of they should have freedom to develop the Chinese Church; (2) the spirit in accord with the most natural ex- of unity and self-propagation; (3) pression of tqe spiritual instincts of the Student Volunteer Movement for Chinese Christians. At the same the Ministry; (4) the Christian edu- time it is essential for these churches cational work; (5) the moral in- to maintain cordial relations with the fluence of Christians. Concerning the churches of the West, that they may future of Christianity in China, there absorb every good influence which are besides the above-stated facts, those churches can impart. other favorable conditions, such as "In order that Christianity may ( I) Liberation of Chinese thought, appeal with force to the minds and hitherto tradition-bound; (2) the hearts of the Chinese people and win Constitutional right of freedom of their growing national consciousness conscience and belief; (3) Unpreju- for the service of Christ, it is of the diced attitude toward Christianity; utmost importance for the churches (4) Sincere search for a worthy re- to be so developed that the Chinese ligion for the nation. In short, large themselves may recognize them as opportunities are opening the way for having become truly native. Christianity to advance and possess "In order to do all that is possible the nation. May the Christian Church to manifest the unity which already have the strength to realize her mis- exists among all faithful Christians sion in China.

If a man love not the immigrant whom he hath seen, how shall he love the foreigner in other lands whom he hath not seen.-The American Home Missionary.

OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETY AT TRES ARROYOS

In this group arc those who have Dutch, Swiss, Spanish, German, French, and Italian blood Evangelizing the Queen Province of Argentina BY REV. ROBERT F. ELDER, TRES ARROYOS, ARGENTINA Missionary of the Evangelical Union of South America I JI F Argentina holds pre- to put Great Britain and Ireland. ~ mier place a m 0 n g This province has 2,100,000 inhabit- 'South American re- ants, and its semi-cultivated and publics, Buenos Aires semi-developed plains of fertile soil ~ holds premier p I ace are capable of giving a living to among A r g e n tin e many millions more. Buenos Aires provinces. This province and the contains 42 per cent. of the culticity of the same name contain al- vated land of Argentina, and promost half of the 7,000,000 inhabit- duces half of the enormous cereal ants of the Republic, but the two crop, one-half of the sheep, oneare distinct political divisions. The third of the cattle, and one-third of city of Buenos Aires is the Federal the horses. Of the 2~MI3 kilocapital, with 1,250,000 inhabitants; meters of railways in the Republic, the province, with its separate pro- over one-third are laid on Buenos vincial government, includes an area Aires soil, and the rapid extension of into which it would be just possible the wisely planned network of rail-

ways has worked miracles. Impor- conservative in the extreme, subservtant cities and towns are now to be ient to clerical rule, and steeped in found where twenty-five years ago the superstitions of a degenerate Roall was open, untamed country. manism. In the newer towns, about There are towns of from I,OOO to 80 per cent. of the men and over 40 3,000, the growth of five to eight per cent. of the women are avowedyears, and new townships, which soon ly anti-clerical. For appearance sake grow into towns, come into being many still adhere to certain outward every year. The population of the ceremonies of the Roman Church, province has doubled in fifteen but others are bitter opponents of reyears, and altho this year it will re- ligion, and their hatred for the priests ceive a partial check owing to a finan- and scorn for religious ceremonies is cial crisis due chiefly to mad specu- unbounded. Between the two exlation and the failure of the harvest, tremes of the ignorant and supereverything indicates that when things stitious masses and the fanatical and return to normal it will continue its bitter anti-clericals, who often take steady growth. the form of agnosticism, atheism, or spiritism, we find another class that It is in this "Queen of the Ar- 15 being imbued with democratic gentine provinces" that the Evan- principles, and hence is naturally regelical Union of South America has volting against clerical dominance. established its principal work. From This class has begun to read, or, at the missionary standpoint, Buenos least, to listen to echoes of current Aires presents something ut11que. literature, and hence has ceased to Perhaps in no other country is there believe in the efficacy of mere rea more cosmopolitan population. The ligious ceremonies. Those who comonly truly successful and abiding pose it will still declare themselves work must be carried on in the Span- Roman Catholics, but they boldly ish language. Even the sons of for- avow that they do not believe in bapeigners, especially after the second tismal regeneration, or in the worgeneration, tho they may understand ship of images, which they consider the language of their grandparents, a relic of the dark ages; transubprefer the national language. stantiation they declare ridiculous; the confessional pernicious; the in- Buenos Aires is more liberal, more fallibility of the Pope unthinkable; enlightened, and more progressive indulgences an exploitation of suthan her sister provinces. While the perstitious ignorance; extreme unc- Roman Catholic Church is the State tion a useless ceremony; prayers for church, in Buenos Aires her influ- the dead inefficacious; purgatory nonence over the people is much less existent; sacerdotalism a curse to any than 111 the Northern provinces. land. They retain the religious in- There are old-established towns, stinct, for they believe in, and reverwithout local industries, half-dead ence, God-a distant, unknown Sucommercially, with a foundation' of preme Being. They believe in the the old "criollo" familes, who give the Christ of history, and mentally actone to the place, who, however quiesce in the principal Christian docamiable and hospitable they may' be, are devoid of initiative. They are

I914] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

trines and moral precepts; yet they teaching of any sort except what they know nothing of a personal God pick up at the public houses where who is "nearer than hands or feet"; men congregate, and which tends of a personal Savior who ennobles only to make them despise all reand enriches the character as well ligion. This is what is actually comas saves them from their sins; nor ing to pass in the country districts. do they know anything of a vital The young men of the country, as practical religion which is of the well as many of the towns, are comheart, and reveals itself in conduct. ing to think that they have no souls, and, as a result, they live as tho they The sad story is that many of the had not. callous agnostics and blatant atheists have passed through that stage of In addition to the Roman Cathmental evolution, and some of them olics there are many thousands of might have been diverted from the Pro t est ant extraction scattered lowest and basest to the highest and throughout the country. A few weeks noblest if the Gospel of Jesus Christ ago a woman called at our house. had been presented to them in a sane She had a son, who was very ill, and illuminating way. Many such and who died shortly after. Her acknowledge that evangelicals teach mother was English and her father the truth, and some of them break Argentine. When I went to the old ties, and gladly turn to God. house the lady from whom she had Others listen and approve, but are so rented her room at once greeted me wedded to custom, and so fearful of as a Protestant, and spoke of having what people will say, that they stay tried to explain to the neighbors where they were. But they are about the customs of "our religion." thinking, and are at least arrested She said that her father was English in their mental drift toward a ma- and her mother Argentine, but she terialism which is more baneful in had scarcely ever attended a reits moral effects than the ignorant ligious service except when the Rosuperstitions which they have left. man Catholic priest had christened If this drift toward materialism is babies at whose birth she had been not arrested, and continues to ad- pr~sent, or had administered extreme vance as rapidly as during the last unction to some dying patient she ten years, the majority of the people was nursing. After the funeral I in the province of Buenos Aires will questioned the uncle of the boy conbe practically pagan in fifty years. cerning his. British parentage. A This is one of the strong arguments close friend who was present opened for preaching the Gospel boldly his eyes with wonder and said, "Why throughout this land. man, you did not tell me that before. I have British blood, also. My father Those who know what spiritual, was a Scotchman and my mother an moral, and intellectual strength has Argentine." Then he gave us as his been given to their nations by the name one of the most celebrated in farmers in Great Britain and Ameri- Scottish history. None of these ca will recognize the calamity it is could converse in English, but alI that the sons of the soil in Buenos were of Protestant extraction and Aires grow up devoid of religious

respected the Protestant religion. dred years ago the United States of With the exception of the mother of America had fewer people, and only the boy, who had attended Spanish a little over two centuries ago Great services in Buenos Aires, not one Britain could not boast of more. Tohad any real idea as to what the Bible day these two nations not only are teaches. They are only a step re- strong numerically, but exert a removed from Paganism. straining moral influence on other nations, and lead the way in the van- A few months ago we had a ser- guard of justice. They do this bevice at a country farm house where cause they possess thousands of truly the mother is a Dutch Protestant, Christian citizens, whose life is a and the father, now dead, was an protest against evil, and who form a Italian. A neighboring family came public conscience which revolts to the service, whose mother is also against all wrongdoing. Dutch and the father Spanish Basque. Not one of them would have Mexico is an example of how anything to do with Romanism. But political corruption and lack of pubwere it not for our presence here lic conscience in a nation may perthose families would have no op- turb the world's peace. If Argenportunity to receive religious instruc- tina advances without having a fountion. dation of moral principle, character, and conscience, it is possible for it These are but examples of many. to become a cesspool of moral cor- There are Danish, Dutch, German, ruption in the world, and a menace Russian, Swiss, French, Spanish, to other nations. Nothing can re- Italian, Syrian, and others of Prot- place the Gospel of Jesus Christ in estant ongm, who have spiritual the building of character and in the needs, and whose children need teach- creation of a national conscience. ing. If there were no Protestant Hence Argentina's leading province missions established here, the next needs Jesus Christ above every other generation of these people would be need, that it may lead the other provlost to evangelical Christianity. There inces to higher things, and to make should be a Protestant mission 1ll war on the graft and nepotism which every town in the province, if for no ruin the politics of the land, and other reason than to save the sons the moral degradation so prevalent of nominally Protestant immigrants to-day. If the present state of things from becoming entirely irreligious. develops at the same rate as the in- crease of population, with the same In Argentina we are building a new propelling forces behind, the outnation, of which Buenos Aires is a come in fifty years will be worse very important part, and which al- than the darkest dreams of any ready affects to a marked degree the chronic pessimist. If, on the other commercial life of the world. The hand, new moral and spiritual inday is coming when it will influence fluences can be set loose, new steadygreatly the political life also. N u- ing principles established, and new merically, Argentina may yet take its propelling forces directed, such as are place among the front-rank world the outcome of the application of the powers. It has the necessary extent of territory and resources. One hun-

I9I4] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

Gospel of Jesus Christ to private and The results are wider reaching public life, this youthful nation may than any statistics of church-mem- not only send food for millions in bership would reveal. Altho we have Europe, but may react beneficially on no inclusive returns at hand, there the morality and the conduct of the are probably not more than 1,600 world. Are these dreams of an op- who are members of evangelical timist? Perhaps they are, but they churches or Salvation Army soldiers are dreams which every true Chris- in the province. Weare but at the tian should endeavor, to the point of beginnings of our work yet. There real sacrifice, to turn into facts. are many more people in the king- Some are striving to do this al- dom than are i n clu d e d in the ready, but the forces are entirely in- churches. Results there are that adequate. The Methodist Episcopal would gladden the heart of any Church has some eight centers with Christian. Here are some samples: settled missionaries, from which a A member of one of our churches, number of outstations are worked. who, when converted, was a compara- The Brethren have four or five cen- tively poor man, has since prospered ters and branch work. The Christian greatly, and has consecrated his and Missionary Alliance have two money to the Lord. He bore the centers from which they work in lion's share of the expense for the neighboring districts. The Salva- building of a church and manse for tion Army have several established the work in his town, and is at the centers of work and do itinerating. present time bearing the whole ex- The Southern Baptist Board have re- pense of a new schoolroom. In the cently taken over a work started same church is a young lady, who some years ago in La Plata by the was converted as a girl, just when Christian and Missionary Alliance. her clear, rich voice was making her There are a few independent work- popular in social circles, and who was ers, and the Evangelical Union has thus saved from countless moral s,even centers from which outstations perils. She has fully consecrated her are worked. voice and talents to the Lord, and is, Many of these missionaries are the likely to be taken on as a mission only preachers III Spanish III a worker. Her singing of the Gospel radius containing some 100,000 message has already been much blest.

people. Our district of Tres Ar- One of our earliest Sunday-school royos has 40,000 people, and around pupils was converted just when he it are four other districts containing was giving way to the temptations of together 62,000 people, with no other youth, and is now a successful help- resident Protestant missionary who er, working as colporteur and evan- preaches in Spanish. My helper and gelist. There is a neat little house I are the only preachers of the Gos- down one of our streets, and its pel in Spanish in a zone containing· owner declares it to be a monument 31,850 square kilometers, with a to the power of Christ to save a population of I02,OOO people. Our drunkard. That Spanish victim of nearest colleague, either to the north drink made his wretched home a hell or the· south, is IOO miles away. nine years ago. His wife says that

it is heaven now. Their home is of establishing a work in Juarez their own, built with what he would three years ago. The Juarez church previously have spent for drink. now pays its own expenses, and has Around the corner is a Dutchman left Tandil and Tres Arroyos free who could tell the same story. Last to start in other towns. From Juarez year one of our members was pro- one of the members will run a Sunmoted by his firm to take delivery of clay-school in a town some twentythe grain they bought. Many sellers seven miles away. are very suspicious of the weighing, and in some ca~cs not without reason. If strong young men and women One man G'.me to watch all his stuff in the homelands could only grip the weighed. When he saw our meober fact that here we are engaged in the weigh one or two lots, he asked, enthralling work of building a new '"Are you going to weigh it all?" nation, and that there is the proba- "Yes, . sir," was the answer. "Well, bility of their life and teaching being then, I am going. I have known translated into lives that will wield you for over five years, and I know wide influence in the country, and be what sort of man you are, so I am re-lived and re-taught in the yet unnot going to trouble any more." born generations, they would respond to our call for workers. We need At an outstation, Juarez, we have competent school-teachers. S tat e watched some of the Church mem- schools exist in every center, but the bers develop into some of the finest teaching is superficial, and the moral types of Christian we have ever met. atmosphere evil. The Government Altho it is not long since the work can not. supply the demand for was started there, no sooner did we schools. According to the Almaganize a church than the members naqUf? dr?l JYfensagero, "there are in took upon themselves the entire responsibility of the rent and other ex- the province 286,623 children of penses, and some of the young con- school age, of whom only 143,280 verts run successfully a Sunday- attend school." It is not our intention school with about forty children. One to attempt to meet that need, but we man, who is a builder, has promised urgently need schools for the chilto do all the bricklaying work free of dren of our congregations, for it will charge if we can provide him with be policy to give them a thorough the materials to build a church. education under Christian moral in: fluences. Strong, educated, and Our latest convert here is a charm- keenly spiritual missionaries are an ing girl, a daughter of Basques, who even greater need, perhaps; men with is a school-teacher, said by the prin- the evangelistic gift, and at the same cipal of the local normal school to be time capable of teaching and training the best student in Tres Arroyos. the intelligent young people we are And that sets us dreaming and see- raising in our Sunday-schools, and ing visions, for there are potentiali- shall yet produce in our schools. ties and possibilities in these young lives. Evangelically the day is still dark in . The Tandil and Tres Arroyos Buenos Aires, but that constitutes the churches united to pay the expenses loud call for Christ's true disciples to let their light shine here.

F. G. PENZOTTI. AND A GR(lUP OF AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY

..~The Bible In Latin America BY I'. G. PENZOTTI,* BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Agent of the American Bible Society m_ Bible in the republics four million Bibles or portions. OR the past thirty-six paraiso. Only a few thousand copies ~ years, or since 1877, I of the Bible were in circulation. To- F have been preaching day the American Bible Society and circulating the alone has put in circulation almost of Uruguay, Paraguay, Forty years ago the doors seemed Brazil, Argentine Republic, Chile, impassable, some of our colporteurs Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, were giving up their lives either Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, through violence or through the Nicaragua, Honduras, San Salvador, fevers . Many times have I been Guatemala, Cuba, Jamaica, Mex;ico, at death's door, I have also been im- and other places. prisoned for the ,,yard and have My remembrance goes back to the endured great persecutions and many time when all the missionary work privations. But as the apostle Paul in this continent was represented by tells us: Our "labor is not in vain smatl groups of believers in Buenos in the Lord."

Aires, Montevideo, Rosario and Val- No pen can describe the effect pro- .. Mr. Pcnzolti has probably traveled more in South America tHan any other missionar y, and is better acquainted with missionary work than any other one man. Vhat he says, therefore, is of especial interest and importance.

duced by the circulation of the Bible effectual is opened unto me, and there and the preaching of the Gospel in are many adversaries." these countries. I have just returned from a seven months' trip, A quarter of a century ago the having visited several republics on Roman Church had limitless dominthe Pacific coast and bring with me ion in all Latin America, but their the conviction that all over the field system was mechanical and cerethe voice from Macedonia can be monial. Doubts and unbelief arose, heard, "Come and help us." Romanism was confused with Chris- tianism, and liberty with license. It is fifty years since the Ameri- Men began to look with contempt can Bible Society first started their on everything religious and conwork in South America. For the sidered religion an enemy to profirst twenty years they worked in gress. It is difficult to convince such Argentine and Uruguay only, but men that they are confusing form since r883 they have extended to with reality; but we nevertheless, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru, and in r886 meet persons of good judgment who to Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and recognize the superiority of true Ecuador. When Mr. Milne and my- Christianity, and who have acknowlself began to work here the ways edged that the only hope for upliftof travel were so difficult and dan- ing these countries is in Protestant gerous that at times we were in evangelization. danger of losing our lives. A few months ago when I was in A fter thirty-six years of experi- Callao, Peru, some of the Roman ence in Latin America I find that clergy and fanatics went to the Prethe most practical way to begin mis- fect asking him to forbid us from sion work in new places is to send spreading our doctrines. The Preour men with the Bible in their fect answered them: "To forbid the hands to prepare the way. The col- spreading of such a good and moral" porteur carries the divine lamp in izing doctrine it is necessary to be a his hand, from town to town, and savage, and as I am not a savage, from house to house, and can enter· I will not forbid it." These words the homes where the voice of a have been said by _the first authority pastor ar missionary has never been of the principal port of the last heard. It frequently awakens interest, country in South America to grant and there are genuine conversions by the liberty of cult, which has just means of the colporteur. Conver- been obtained, and where we have sions are not infrequently due to the worked hard and suffered. simple reading of the Word. The work is difficult, but has the approval The doors are now open from and blessing of the Lord. Tierra del Fuego to Cuba, and we have the opportunity to enter. Rome, Latin America is rightly called the after four centuries of dominion, has "Continent of Opportunity," and it given evidence of her impotence would be a pity to lose that oppor- morally to uplift these countries. We tunity. We find, like St. Paul (r must show them that Protestant mis- Cor. r6: 9): "A great door and sions are not asking the people to change their religion, bnt are seeking

BIBLE IN LATIN

to show that that religion should owner of a small hotel finally: let me change them individually. We must have his dining-room, where a large show that our arms are not carnal number of men came, but not one for destruction, but spiritual for edi- lady. The next day as I took the fication. The people will then be small steamer to cross the lake of convinced of the superiority of Chris- Nicaragua on my way to Granada a tianism. lady of about sixty years of age came to speak to me. She was very ner- There has been in South America vous and frightened, and said to me: a strong prejudice against the United States. European merchants point to "Sir, do you think that the end of the American eagle as an invader. the world has come?" The Roman clergy also give the cry of alarm against "the dreadful Yan- "No, madam," I answered. "What kees," who send their Bibles and has happened?" missionaries from personal interests. Lately this spirit seems to be disap- "Have you not heard?" pearing, specially during the last few "No, I have heard nothing." years, because of the visit of such "Just think, sir, a Protestant preacher came here last night. Do YOIl men as Elihu Root, William J. Bryan, not think that the end of the world has come?" John Barrett, John R. Mott, and, "Did you go to hear this man?" lately, Theodore Roosevelt. "May God deliver me. W ere you present ?" I replied that I was there, The supreme need of these coun- and she said she had been told that tries is the glorious Gospel and to there was a large crowd of men, but make it possible that the day may that the women were all ready with come when in each house they will sticks and stones waiting outside to have the divine lamp, the Bible. kill him, the preacher. A French gentleman who was near, Money and foreign arms have de- listening to our conversation, said to veloped the natural resources of the her that this was not Christ's teachcountry, but they have not been ing; but in a low tone of voice she able to make this kind of antagonism said to me: of races, customs, languages, and re- "Yes, sir, we must kill the wolfs. ligions disappear. What men can Do you not think so?" not do the Bible is doing; it is the "Madam, perhaps you have been best diplomacy for conciliation with the foreigner of different nation- . wrongly informed about this gentlealities and creeds, bringing the people nearer to God their Creator. man." "Oh, no, I know very well what Some Instances is happening. I have been told that In Rivas, Nicaragua, while visiting he is coming on board of this from town to town and house to steamer, and I fear that we will go house, with the Bible in my hand to down." read and explain the contents to the people, and looking for a place where I opened my New Testament and I could hold public meetings I could tried to explain to her some passages. find no place to hold· them. The She listened attentively and with interest, and asked what book it was.

"The New Testament of Jesus with the door locked, and, of course, Christ." she thought it could be nothing good. At last she looked through the key- "What is the New Testament?" hole and we can imagine her surprize "It is what Christ and His apostles on seeing her two boys on their knees had taught." with their open Bible. The mother "That is why it is so beautiful; could not resist the impulse, and please read some more." knocking at the door asked what was As I read and explained, she was the meaning of this. Opening the door much interested, and at last she ex- to her they told her the whole truth: claimed, "Sir, you truly are a good Christian, but we must kill and burn "Now, mother," they said, "we that heretic." know that we have been bad sons to After we reached the other side you and have made you suffer a great of the lake she was so greatly imprest deal, but from now on we wish to that she begged me to come again be good boys, and to help you." The soon. Then the same French gentle- mother was so surprized that she man came up and said to her, "Why asked them where this place of wordid you speak like that to this gentle- ship was, for she wished to go to man, he is the same one who preached hear this religion which had changed last evening." her children so completely.· They "The same man! He seemed so took her to the next meeting. At the well educated!" next service she came with all her N ow we havy in this same town eight children. On their return home several groups of believers whose they took all their images of different souls belong to the Divine Shepherd. sizes and colors and made a great In Callao, Peru, there is a family of bonfire with them. vVhen the father ten, consisting of father, mother, and entered the house he was frightened eight children. The two older sons, to see the smoke, but only found his twenty and twenty-two, were given wife and children warming themselves over to sin and were a burden to with the fire from the images. For their parents. One evening they some years two of the boys have been were walking the streets looking for working as missionari~s, and one of adventures and happened to pass in the girls married a Protestant pastor. front of our chapel. When they heard the singing they came inside In spite of persecutions, privations to make fun of us. I spoke to them and prisons in the past, I rejoice to kindly but firmly, and they changed find rich fruits of the work of many their minds and seemed imprest by years. Boys that I used to take by the service. Both came to our next the hand and young men who were meeting and were regular in atten- on the wrong road are now coldance ever after. One evening when porteurs, others are teachers, pastors, we did not hold a service they re- engineers, managers of banks and mained at home and locked them- secretaries of the government-men selves in their r00!ll. Their mother, with good positions who give a good who had' lost all confidence in them, testimony to Christ by their lives-. wondered what they could be doing How true it is that "your labor is not in vain in the Lord."

Warid at

ALLIES NATION AREA POPULATION British Empire: 121,633 46,035,570 United Kingdom …….. . 120 235,063 Europe …………….. . 1,802,657 315,156,396 India ………………. . 166,834 8,709,533 6,551,513 Asia ……..•………… 3,191,773 Australia …………… . 2,135,147 37,990,222 4,010,914 10,096,863 Africa ……………… . America ……………. . 207,054 39,601,509 France: 4,538,543 40,986,243 Republic ……………. . 1,997,310 140,683,000 Dependencies ……….. . 6,294,119 27,236,800 Russia: 125,689 3,140,100 Europe …………….. . 11,373 7,571,387 Asia ……………….. . 909,654- 15,005,465 18,650 2,911,701 Finland …………….. . 260.738 52,985,423 Belgium ………………. . 5,603 516,000 Belgian Kongo ……… . Servia ……………….. . POPULATION Japan …..•……………. Montenegro ……………. .

THE OPPONENTS NATION AREA Germany .0 ••••••••••• 0.0.0 208,780 64,925,993 1,027,820 (White) Dependencies ••••• 0.0 •••• 24,389 241,491 (Native) Austria-Hungary ••••• 0.0 ••• 0 12,041,603 49,458,421 SYMPATHY OF NEUTRALS IMPARTIAL NEUTRALS With Ames With Germany United States Switzerland Italy Turkey Latin America Portugal Albania China Spain Persia? Denmark Holland Afghanistan? Norway Rumania? Sweden Bulgaria Siam Greece

WORLD AT WAR-ALL SHADED PORTIONS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PRESENT

Effects of the War

Missions REPORTS FROM VARIOUS BOARDS, SOCIETIES, AND MISSIONS ~T HE nations of the quietly. Many of the colporteurs, world are so closely however, are serving as soldiers.

linked together that if "As it is impossible to obtain sup- plies from Germany, we are printing "one member suffers all in this country a German Gospel and also a Gospel in diglot form with I the members suffer German and English in parallel col- umns." with it." The suffer- Rev. E. P. Sketchley, M.A., asing is all the more keen and more sistant secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in constant because of the incessant war- Foreign Parts, writes: "So far as we know none of the society's work outring in our world-members between side Europe is suffering interference in consequence of the war. Vhen those who follow the usurping war was declared we were anxious for the safety of 122 chaplains on the "Prince of this world," and those who Continent. They are nearly all safe now, and there are only twenty-one are servants of God, the rightful about whom we are still anxious."

Ruler. The Rev. Cyril Bardsley, M.A., the honorary secretary of the CM.S., Practically every religious and states that the committee is greatly encouraged by the income received missionary organization is hampered during August, which is quite up to the average of past years. "Once and some are suffering because of more," he says, "our brethren at the front are nobly and promptly rethe war, but there is no need that the sponding to our message asking them to cut down their expenditure in work of God should permanently suf- every possible way. The supporters of the Society at home may be asfer. If men will but learn the les- sured that all expenditure, both in the field and at Salisbury Square, will be sons He is seeking to teach them, most rigorously limited so long as the work itself is not curtailed." great blessing may come from this In several of the missions of the murderous strife. Church Missionary Society the mis- sionaries are passing through a time The following are some of the re- ports of the British and American Mission Boards in reference to the difficulty of sending men and money to the field, the financial stringency at home, and the increased obstacles to the work abroad.

Reports from British Societies The Rev. John H. Ritson, M.A., secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, says: "We have not yet had any communication from our German or Austrian agencies, but we are in touch with all the other Continental agents, and in most countries our colportage work is proceeding

of considerable anxiety, chiefly "Our missionaries in Madagascar through lack of news, but there is no must be in great difficulty. They reason for fear as to their saIety. telegraphed three weeks ago that the Owing to the mobilization in the bank refused them money. Ve have Ottoman Empire and to the difficul- been able to send them 5,000 francs ties experienced, such as those of by Ranarivelo, the great merchant of obtaining money and cashing cheques, Tananarive, who is at this moment a C. M. S. agent has been dispatched in France, bu~ it is a very small sum, to Palestine to look after the interests and we ourselves are very short of of the missionaries, and to render money; because of the moratorium any special assistance that may be we can hardly draw any money out needed. In German East Africa the of the bank. Besides, our society isolation of the missionaries is com- was behind in funds when the war plete, and no communication with began, which suddenly stopt all rethem is at present possible. ceipts. We have had to ask all our missionaries to live as they can on The stations of the C.M.S. 111 the produce of the country, and not German East Africa extend over a to pay the evangelists and native line of some 250 miles, and are in teachers. It is a heartbreaking situtwo different countries, Ukaguru anel ation. I hope we shall be able to Llgogo, in which distinct languages send a small sum at the end of are spoken. In 1913 there were September, but it will only be a little. three stations in each country, but two stations have since been amal- "Some English friends who were gamated. There are over a dozen much concerned at the situation of missionaries with their wives still in our two South African missions in German East Africa. Basutoland and Rhodesia have fur- nished the money, and have asked A letter of greeting to the German the British Colonial Minister to inter- Baptist Missionary Society has been vene and to furnish food as soon as written by the foreign secretary of possible to our missionaries. But the British Baptist Missionary Society, nothing of the kind has been done and the missionaries in everyone of for the missions of the French colthe society's fields have been notified onies, and it is there they will suffer that in rendering any emergency especially, both on the Kongo and in service to members of Continental Madagascar. We are having to re- ITIlSlOnary soclettes they will be duce the allowance of our missionacting in full accordance with the aries on furlough, an allowance aldesire and purpose of the committee ready very insufficient, and also the and supporters of the Society at pensions a f retired missionaries and home. widows, which is almost cruel.

Continental Mislions "How much we must ask God that this terrible trial will not last Mr. F. H. Hawkins, LL.B., secre- too long. One asks if Europe could tary of the London Missionary So- endure it through the whole of next ciety, has given out the translation winter." of a letter from Paris written by an influential French Protestant. "For our French Church," states

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

a Vesleyan Methodist Society, "the church will be more disastrously war is a disaster of inestimable mag- affected than the Moravian Church.

nitude. Those stations in the south The Moravian Church is an organic will probably escape the worst hor- unity throughout the world, and its rors of' cpJlflict; but our people in missions are carried on by the Church the frontier town of Nancy are sure as a whole. Its Mission Board is to suffer terribly. It is as yet too composed of one American, one early to foresee how many of the Englishman, one German, and two other circuits may also be involved. chosen . from the Church at large.

At best, the war spells calamity for The central offices are in Herrnhut our work in France." in Saxony, in Germany.

Mo"re than 250 French Protestant "Hence it is cut off from direct clergymen have gone to the front communication with all its various with the French armies, and prac- fields, and especially from those in tically all of the German Methodist Africa. About 60 per cent. of the ministers in south Germany are with income of the Moravian Mission the German army. The Methodist Board has been derived from the Theological School at Frankfort has countries now at war, all of which is been closed, as nearly all the students jeopardized, so that it can readily be have been called to fight. seen into what a critical condition German missionaries are in a Moravian missions have been plunged.

seriotls position owing to the war, "In the Home provinces there are and facts are given illustrating the members of the Moravian Church in manner in which they are cut off the British, the German, the Austrian from their home base. and probably the Russian armies. No "In India," says Dr. David Downie, direct advices have been received "Germany has 400 Protestant mis- from the Austrian and Russian sionaries and in South Africa prob- .Moravians."

ably the same number. These are The Moravian Brethren in Eng- Moravians, Lutherans, Baptists and land desiring to express their firm Methodists, and their work is highly conviction that this awful war need esteemed by their English colleagues, not disrupt the churchly unity have with whom they cooperate in unity adopted the following minute: and amity. At present these 800 "This Synod of the British Prov- missionaries can not communicate ince of the Moravian Church sends with their headquarters nor can they hearty and. brotherly greetings to our obtain their usual remittances for Brethren of the German Province, their salaries and for the upkeep of mindful of the fact that hate can the missionary propaganda." not exist between members of the "It is too early to be able to fur- Body of Christ, nor war between nish definite and· accurate informa- members of the Brethren's Church.

tion in regard to the effect of the The President of Synod is requested European War on Moravian Mis- to forward this Resolution to the sions," says Dr. Paul de Schweinitz, 'Deutsche Unitats-Direktion' and of Bethlehem, Pa., "but it may well to the two Provinces in America and be questioned whether any other to the West Indies."

Work of American Societies ditions they were compelled to with- Dr. James L. Barton, Secretary of draw and have returned to America.

the American Board of Commission- Mr. Erickson is in Italy, hoping to ers for Foreign Missions, writes 'as get into Albania and continue the follows of the physical effects of the work laid down by Mr. Kennedy. So war on the missions of the American far as we can learn, the missions in Board: "As soon as England de- the Balkans have not been disturbed clared war the banking systems of the materially. The Bulgarian mission- world seemed to cease action, and aries have been able to secure funds from that day for a longer or shorter necessary for their support.

period in all the mission fields it was "One of the most trying situations practically impossible for the mission- in any of the missions of the Board aries to secure funds from the banks is that represented by the mission in for their own support or for the con- Austria, with headquarters in Prague.

duct of their work. Credits and bills No letters of credit or bills of ex- of exchange on London or on the change that they had were of any United States seemed to have no value, and, so far as we know, up to value. Missionaries in Turkey were the present time no money has pllt into straits from which at the reached them from Boston. A thou- end of September they had not been sand dollars was sent through the wholly relieved. United States Treasury for the sup- "The United States Ambassador at port of the two families in Prague.

Constantinople, Mr. Morgenthau, was, "Upon the outbreak of the war the able to secure from business firms sailings of all missionaries of the several thousand pounds Turkish. American Board to India, Ceylon, which he distributed to various insti- Africa, Turkey and the Balkans were tutions in Turkey, the American cancelled. The situation had so Board treasurer receiving £T.4000. changed by the end of September This money provided immediate re- that plans were completed for the lief. At the present time arrange- sending of missionaries to Africa, ments have been made so that through fndia and Ceylon by way of the business houses funds can be received Atlantic and the Mediterranean. All at Constantinople, but no way of sailings to Turkey have been in- transmitting these funds into the in- definitely postponed, for two reasons terior of Turkey has been discovered -one the uncertainty of what might up to the middle of September. All take place in the Grecian Sea bethe banks in the interior had ceased tween the time of the sailing of mispayments. Some of the missionaries sionaries from our Eastern coast and in the interior have been living on their arrival there, and because of the short rations. situation in Turkey, which made it "Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy remained uncertain as to whether it will be in Albania until it became impossible possible to continue the work in any for them to secure funds, from Con- normal condition this fall. Many stantinople or elsewhere, in exchange English have been sending women for their credits, either for themselves and children out of the country. The or for relief work. Under these con- State Department in Washington ad-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

vises that under present conditions were detained for nearly a month in no more Americans should be sent Egypt, because the steamer was dis- into Turkey. continued in the middle of the voyage and because their express drafts "The work in Turkey has been could not be cashed. much interfered with by the mobiliz- ation which has been general. It Bishop Ferguson, of Liberia, re- was not certain, when the most re- ports that the missionaries were in cent letters were written, whether or great want. Finally arrangements not the schools would be able to open for exchange were made through the at the regular time, but the mission- Anglo-West African Bank. The aries were planning to open them, Standard Oil Company and other even with a greatly reduced teaching large business companies doing busistaff, in order to restore confidence ness in the East have also underin the minds of the people and to taken to cable remittance through hold things steady. It would produce their agents. For this purpose Mr. a spirit of consternation throughout E. Walter Roberts, Assistant Treas- Turkey if for any reason the Ameri- urer of the Protestant Episcopal can schools should fail to open at Board was appointed the representhe regular time. tative for all the boards.

"The new hospital of the American The demoralization of trans-Atlan- Board at Marsovan, Turkey, has tic passenger lines, and more parbeen taken possession of by the mili- ticularly the complete interruption of tary, which is also threatening to take international exchange, has thrown other buildings in Marsovan and upon the Presbyterian Board of Forother cities. Through the efforts of eign Missions in N ew York some of our Ambassador in Constantinople, the most puzzling problems with the authorities have agreed to with- which the secretaries and treasurer draw at an early date from the hos- have ever had to deal. The board pital. received a cable from the council of its missionaries In India saying: "In other countries there has been "Send no drafts. Can not get money little interference with the work, to except at exorbitant rates." The our knowledge. The work of the board's average remittances to India American Board under the German are $50,000 a month, and a high rate flag, in the Caroline Islands, may pass adds a prohibitive percentage. to the British flag. The island of )Jauru has already been taken pos- The desperate situation pertains to session of, and possibly the Marshall the West African field. All the ::-slands. That need not make any African stations, save one, are in difference with the work of the mis- German colonial territory, and they sion." have been dealt with ordinarily through a Berlin house correspond- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- ing with a German bank in Buea, sionary Society of the Protestant the capital of Kamerun. It is im- Episcopal Church reports that all new possible now to buy exchange on missionaries have now, after some Berlin, and it is probable that the delay, gone forward as usual. Two colonial bank would not cash the exmissionaries on the way to China

change at any rate, whether on Berlin was at times deafening. But we or any other European center. In never dreamed that the horror of the this condition great anxiety exists for reality of war would add terror to the African missionaries, lest they these maneuvers in our lifetime.

be reduced to privation through in- "The children were enjoying to the ability of the board to transmit them full the sea and mountains and the any funds whatever. companionship of other children after The receipts of the board have their winter alone on the compound.

thus far shown no diminution, under Then in a single night the whole depression due to war, and it is pro- aspect of life was changed. Germans foundly hoped that the sacrifice and in Tsing-tau were naturally excited enthusiasm of the supporters through- and the whole city was in commotion.

out the Church will prevent any loss Provisions were to be had only under of income. Government supervision, and prices The Presbyterian Board is watch- were advanced 50 per cent. The ing with keen attention every de- poor Chinese fled by the hundreds velopment and is prepared to meet from Tsing-tau, walking d~ys to any complication. A list has been reach interior villages at a safe sent to the State Department at distance."

Vashington, giving the names and Many new and furloughed mis..

addresses of its missionaries in sionaries were preparing to sail Africa, China, Jndia, Japan, Persia, during the late summer and early and Syria. Since China has become autumn, but all sailings from New involved careful information has been York VUl England or the Con- furnished to the Department con- tinent, were canceled, and sail- cerning the missionaries and prop- ings from the Pacific Coast were erty interests of the Board in Tsing- carried out only by steamers under tau. American registry. Members of the Mrs. Charles K. Roys, of the Pres- Indian missions, and who are needed byterian Mission in Shantung writes on the field, were permitted to sail for under date of August 21st: "Ve India 'via the Pacific, no women or have heard the wildest rumors of children to accompany them. Young Russia's advance upon the port she men under appointment to Inelia are has long coveted, of Japan's ap- permitted to go only in special cases.

proach, and of Germany's intention From the United 'Presbvterian to blow up the place rather than let Board comes the report: – Tsing-tau fall into the hands of the "Egypt is theoretically a part of enemy. Our little papier machC sum- the Turkish Empire and pays to mer cottage is located within a few Turkey an annual tribute of some hundred' yards of the German military $3,500,000. Yet the more vital factor practise ground, and for years past in her international relationships is we have heard and seen the man- the great British occupation. When euvers of German troops. Ten-inch the war broke out Egypt's neutrality guns sent their missiles whizzing was immediately and independently through the air over our heads; the declared. Great Britain's interest i;l shrapnel and gattling-gun practise the Suez Canal, as a necessary high-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

way to India, is perhaps our greatest sionaries by the way of Lisbon. guaranty that British authority will Travel has not been seriously interpreserve order in the N ile Valley. rupted to our fields in China, Japan As goes Egypt, so goes the Sudan." and Korea, nor has our mission w9rk been interfered with except an occa- A letter from Egypt says: "It is sional delay in travel." said that there are 40,000 Indian regulars in camp at Alexandria, on From the Executive Committee of the Canal and at Abbasia. Noone Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian seems to apprehend the slightest Church in the United States (South) danger. As to an uprising, we do Dr. S. H. Chester, the secretary, not consider that there is as much sends this word: "I am thankful to danger to-day as there was at almost say that in actual receipts to date any time during the regime of Sir the European war has not begun to Elden Gorst. It is said that most tell on our finances; we even show Moslems are wishing the Germans a slight gain for the month of Septo win, but I take it that it is only tember over the corresponding month the unthinking ones, and the am- last year, and for the fiscal year our bitious characters that have been all receipts to date are still a few thoualong 'Nationalists' and hating the sand dollars in advance of those of English, because they want to rule last year. As a good deal of our (or ruin) the country themselves. missionary income is received from those living in the cotton section we "So far there is no reason to be can scarcely hope that we will not alarmed for the personal safety of suffer seriously later on from the inany of us. There does not seem to ability of the people in that section to be the slightest intimation of any command the means for making their native uprising. In fact, almost usual contributions; and that is the everything seems to point the other reason why we deem it necessary to way. The Egyptians generally seem exercise great caution and conservamore loyal to Great Britain now tism in sending out reinforcements, than ever before, for which we are and to husband our present resources all very thankful." in every possible way.

The Board of Missions of the "Ve have received no word from any of our missions indicating that Methodist Episcopal Church (South) their work has been in any way reports through the Secretary, Dr. hindered as yet as the result of the W. W. Pinson: war. As a cautionary measure we have cancelled the sailings of all new "The European war has had no missionaries to our Eastern fields and disturbing effects in the field occupied are retaining furloughed missionaries by our church, except those incident from those fields at home except in to banking transactions and the trans- a few cases." fer of funds. It was for some time difficult if not impossible to get either Rev. George Drach, Secretary of funds or supplies to our missionaries the Board of Foreign Missions of the in the Belgian Kongo, but by an ar- General Council of the Evangelical rangement with the Department of Lutheran Church in North America, State the difficulty was removed and we are now able to reach our mis-

reports: "The war in Europe has began. Two or three of our missiondelayed the sending out of our mis- aries have been delayed in sailing but sionaries to India over a month, but the way seems to be open now. We we now have completed arrangements have had no trouble in the matter of for their passage in November. We reaching our missionaries and sending have been able to send funds to our them their usual remittances." missions in India and Japan, but at a high rate of exchange. Weare ad- "We have not experienced any vlsmg economy, especially in the ill-effects of the war on our misdirection of building operations, not sions," writes Dr. Canon S. Gould, of only because we can not feel sure that the Church of England in Canada. our income will allow the normal ex- "Our receipts to-date are somewhat pansion of the work which would in advance of those of last year. otherwise be provided for, but also Beyond the withholding of reinforcebecause calls have reached us from ments for the present and instruc- German societies and mISSIOns of tions to our field authorities that German societies, asking for aid and they should exercise every economy relief, inasmuch as the German so- in administration, I do not anticipate cieties find it impossible to send funds that our board of management will or communications to their missions feel called upon to take any definite in British colonies, especiaIly India. action. We wish to be able to some extent to grant the aid requested. Weare "It is stiIl too early to know the about to issue a special appeal to all uitimate effects of the European war Lutheran churches in America for upon our missionary wmk," writes Dr. offerings to relieve the need of Ger- F. P. Haggard, of the American Bapman Lutheran missions in India and tist Foreign Missionary Society; "but elsewhere." I may note the following: (I) While there are many Baptists in the coun- Dr. L. B. vVolf, Secretary and tries of Europe we are related directly Treasurer of the Board of Foreign or indirectly only to those in France. Missions of the General Synod of the GerlIltlcmy, Sweden, Spain, Russia. Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Finland, Denmark and Norway, and United States of America writes: we contribute to the work in these "We contemplate sending out a party lands smaII sums, as compared with of seven missionaries, leaving New that appropriated to missions in non- York on October 2Ist, among whom Christian countries. It seems almost is my daughter, who goes out to take needless to add that Baptist work in up work as a medical missionary in the countries at war is absolutely deour hospital in South India. moralized. The churches are dis- organized, since the laymen and many "The war in Europe has affected of the pastors are at the front. Thus our work to some extent," says Dr. far we have no information of prop- A. McLean, of the Foreign Christian erty destroyed. Missionary Society. "A number of churches and individuals find it more "(2) The sending of new missiondifficult to contribute to the treasury aries has not yet been affected to any of the society than before the war degree. Our missionary parties are sailing without difficulty both east-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

bound and westbound, and some of the must face the necessity for reliefmissionaries who sailed during the measures for the distrest represenearly part of the war have already tatives of the church in those lands. arrived at their destinations. The situation in Italy is only a little less serious than in the zone of hos-. " (3 ) We have not found any diffi- tilities. culty in the transmission of funds greater than that experienced by all In Africa the missionaries have commercial houses. The Standard Oil suffered great financial distress, par- Company has agreed to transmit the ticularly in North Africa, where the funds of missionary societies which stations in the French territories of find themselves unable to make the Algeria and Tunis found themselves usual arrangements. suddenly cut off from financial sup- port. It was with grea't difficulty that "(4) It is still too early to forecast the Board was able to transfer funds the effect of the war upon missionary to meet the situation. From the contributions at the home base. Our Belgian Kongo, and in Angola, Rhosituation at present may be described desia, and Portuguese East Africa as normal, being almost identical with come reports of disturbances of all that of a year ago." normal relations, and disquiet con- cerning ,the future. Liberia, tho out- The American Friends have mis- side the zone of actual danger, has sions in China, India, Africa and else- been hit as hard financially. where. Secretary Charles E. Tebbets reports that: "lVord has just Dr. George Heber Jones writes come from their missionaries in Brit- that the Board has, so far, been ish East A frica that they are under able to meet the new situations martial law, and that the government created. Bishop John L. Nuelsen, in is providing a place of refuge in case charge of the work in Europe. has of a native uprising. The natives are remained there toc'are for the varied much excited, but so far have shown interests of the church. The Re'. no hostilities to the missionaries." Ernest >V. Bysshe, superintendent of the mission in France, who had just The Methodist Board of Foreign come to America on furlough, re- Missions is responsible for a widely turned immediately, and is now extended work in the countries of studying the situation in Paris. The Europe now at war and in their colo- Rev. George A. Simons placed at the nial possessions. On the continent service of the Russian Government of Europe congregations are dis- the newly purchased Methodist proppersed, families broken up, churches erty in Petrograd, and it is now being vacated, schools empty, factories idle, used as a hospital for wounded solmarket-places deserted, and every- diers. The great Methodist hoswhere there is disquietude and dread. pitals of the Bethenian Verein, in Ministers and laymen have been Hamburg, Berlin, and Frankfort, called to bear arms in Germany, have done large service in caring for France, Russia, and Austria. The the German wounded; while two hunparalysis of industry renders it prac- dred nurses of the Nursing Sistertically impossible for the congrega- hood of the German Methodist tions to meet their obligations to their pastors, and the Methodist Board

Church are reported as having en- Christian peoples been so ready to tered the service of the government receive the Gospel. A transformafor hospital work. tion of startling magnitude is taking place. God is summoning His A Message to the Churches Church to mold the character of the coming life. It is unthinkable The Committee of Reference and that the Church should fail to reo Counsel, representing the Foreign spond. Missionary Societies of North America, has sent out a letter to the "While we do not underestimate churches which emphasizes especially the embarrassment which some busithe danger that whole nations will ness men are experiencing, there is misinterpret Christianity, and Im- no reason to anticipate that the agine that it IS represented by ability of the American people to armies and navies rather than by maintain their missionary work has peace and good-will. been or is likely to be seriously im- paired. Many of the missionary so- The Day of Prayer, appointed by cieties had their birth during a period President Wilson, was emphasized as of war. Several of the largest Britwas the request that Americans ob- ish societies were founded in the serve strict neutrality. "The churches period of the French Revolution amI should make clear the distinction the Napoleonic wars. The Baptist between the teachings of Christ and Missionary Society of Great Britain some of the characteristics of so- made some of its most notable adcalled modern civilization. A more vances during the Crimean and Boer persistent effort should be put forth wars. Some of the strongest soto make the spirit of Jesus leaven cieties in America were formed ill national as well as individual rela- war times. The foreign missionary tionships. Vital Christianity has not work of at least one of the churches failed, but men have failed to exem- in our Southern States was started plify it. in the darkest days of the American Civil War; and while the contribu- "FJmphasis should be laid upon tions to the northern mIsSIonary so- cieties feB off during the first years th.e .necessity of maintain ina.., the of the struggle, they regained their former standard before the war mIssIonary work of the churches at closed, and in some cases exceeded their full strength. Thousands of it. Without question, American American missionaries are in lands Christians of to-day can equal the which are directly or indirectlv devotion and self-sacrifice of Chris- tians of former days. No concession governed by the warring nation~. should be m~de to a spirit of retreat, but the Church should be confidently There is danger that absorption in expected to address itself with new questions developed by the war will vigor to the supreme necessities of lead to forgetfulness of the great the hour." work which the churches have been conducting. That work has been built up through a long series of years. Schools and hospitals on the foreign field can no more be closed at such a time than similar institutions at home. Never have non- ~~ DEPADTMENT J ~~./ ' " ' OF …………….. /~ BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

BEST METHODS FROM SUMMER CONFERENCES ~s…tAJIl~1 EPORTS from all the of such "best ideas of the best leaders" conferences and summer as could be brought together in tan- schools of missions tell gible shape to constitute an Efficiency of large attendance and Exhibit. The word efficiency may be a inspiring sessions. At bit overworked nowadays, but the each of these gatherings eagerness to attain the quality and practise of efficiency that animates so there is a constant interchange of large a number of even the humblest methods, and the eagerness with which workers, is one of the most encouraging delegates jot down in their ever-present signs of the times. At this' exhibit, notebooks new plans that might prove foreign costumes, curios, flags and all helpful in their home churches is one purely decorative features were ruled of the most encouraging features. The out, and only such things were displayed desire for better preparation for ser- as might easily be reproduced at home. vice is everywhere manifest. Don't Waste Time Hunting! "This is my first experience at a summer conference and I have found FILE YOUR LEAFLETS it delightful," said Mrs. H. G. Clark, missionary of the American Board to This sign greeted the visitor from a Japan, at a farewell service held by table on which were ordinary letter-file little group on the mountainside the boxes with gummed labels on the back last Sunday afternoon at Silver Bay. duly inscribed to show the range of "The thing that has imprest me most is contents. These had been adapted to that everybody here seems to be get- the filing of missionary leaflets, items ting to give." or pictures cut from periodicals. The special adaptation consisted of replacing The Best Methods editor brought the letters of the alphabet, which usually home a notebook full of helpful things designate the sheets which separate the from Silver Bay, and through the kind- box into various compartments', by writness of several delegates to Northfield ten slips bearing the names of missionshe has secured some of the best ary countries or subjects; e.g., A was methods outlined there. A few of these replaced by Africa; B by American are given here. Others will appear Indians; and so forth. from time to time during the coming year. This filing device and other things seen at the exhibit, like the wafer AN EFFICIENCY EXHIBIT butter-plates which grocers and house- wives find indispensable, but which only BY MISS EDITH THOMSON, RIDGEWOOD, one man was clever enough to patent NEW JERSEY and put on the market, seem so simple One feature of this year's Summer School for Women's Foreign Missionary Societies at Northfield was a collection as to hardly be worthy of such a place. notice. These stamping outfits are more Yet, as a rule, a classification of expensive at the start than pasted material on hand, or a filing system, is letters, but lettering done with them one of the last things adopted by leaders eliminates the danger of cracking or and makers of programs. Nothing tearing if the charts are to be packed saves more wear on the temper or and used many times. If purchased by brings more comfort and assurance than some society in the church, this miniaknowing where to put one's hand on ture "printing outfit" will prove a cona thing when it is wanted. Junior tinual source of helpfulness in new and leaders, especially, who save printed varied ways. pictures, maps, etc., will find such boxes, or (if more easily obtained) a set of Many of the designs on the cloth large manila envelopes, of great ser- charts were done in colored crayons, vIce. and the exhibitors gladly gave away the secret of their "no smutting" process. CHARTS and POSTERS have come to These colored crayons are much easier be almost necessary adjuncts of success- to handle than paint; but, as every body' ful missionary meetings, yet many per- knows, the slightest rubbing of a craysons hesitate to undertake them lest it oned surface causes blur. This IS require excessive labor, .artistic talent, wholly remedied if, when the picture is or both. This need not be the case. finished, the chart is laid face down Some of the most effective posters at and prest quickly with a moderately this exhibit relied for their art work on hot iron till the color comes through pictures that had been cut out and on the wrong side. This effectually pasted on cardboard or heavy paper. "fixes" the picture. But let the presser Some of the lettering was merely done take the precaution to cover the board with heavy pencil marks, the whole en- with paper or cloth of no value. Othertailing no expense and little effort. For wise she will find a duplicate of her the simplest charts, manila paper, cray- design where it is unwelcome! ons, ink, and a small paint brush constitute all the outfit necessary.* Another feature of the exhibit was the Missionary Tea Table with its The cloth charts at Northfield showed numerous small novelties and oddities considerable variety of lettering. Oll made to add attractiveness or the elemany of them, gummed and pasted ment of surprize to such items on the letters cut from patterns of letter-forms program as current events or the anoffered for sale by some of the swers to sets of questions. Among the Women's Boards, had been used, and it things on this table were pasteboard was suggested that children in bands or crackers (made to look real by rows shut-ins in the Home Department might of pin-pricks), with items pasted on prepare such letters in quantity to be the back; a dish of tempting paper ready when needed. On others, rubber- salad with slips bearing printed bits of stamp letters had been used (not information fastened to the leaves and stencils, which entail more labor). the mock slices of egg; and paper fire- These applied with the help of ruler crackers with items inside to be pulled and ink-pad form a simple mode of out by the string projecting in imitalettering ready for use at a moment's tion of a fuse.

4 "Miss Edith Thomson, the 'chart-maker: had The amusing or interesting invitation a bewildering display of charts at Northfield that cards shown had nearly all been actually were the desp,air of the audience," SrlYS one of the in use, and were loaned for the occadelegates. • How could any ordinary hand pro· sion. It was evident that some societies duce such extraordinary charts?" Yet many an had found blue-printing a satisfactory "ordinary hand" has done it, and many more can do it by fonowin …. NIiss Thomson's directions as herer given.-B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

way to reproduce a large number of Methods for children filled consider- invitations or announcements when it able space. It was interesting to see was desired to embellish them with how little villages'-African, Burmese, some artistic design. and Japanese-could be built up in fashion suggestive enough to children's A map traced from an atlas on thin eyes, out of pasteboard and colored cloth and stretched over flat, corrugated paper, ten-cent-store dolls and other inboard was dotted with tiny flags bear- expensive accessories. A suggestion for ing the names of great missionaries. hand:work to be done by children at This was pronounced "the best thing their meetings was found in the pretty here" by an enthusiastic Sunday-school Christmas ornaments-horns, stars, teacher who had lately been teaching crosses, flowers, gay Santas, and angels the graded lessons on missionary heroes, -to be used on the Christmas trees at and felt the need of such a device. the mission stations. These were cut from colored mounting-board, red pre- Even an idol shrine, the exhibit dominating, and in many cases decorproved, is capable of home manufacture. ated in gilt. In the dramatic scenes now so popular, an idol is often wanted but hard to Even the very little ones sent in get. A very good substitute can be their contribution-just simple textdevised by making a charcoal copy of cards, white squares brightened with a picture of some idol on a sheet of colored borders of kindergarten sewing, stiff cardboard, and bending the card- the center left blank for the missionary board in a backward curve at the base to write in some text of Scripture. to enable the figure to stand upright. Yet who knows but that such missives The Buddha, 28 inches high, shown in as these, made possible by little children the exhibit, was made in this fashion. a:ld bearing the Good News into re- It was enshrined. in a background of mote, unlikely corners, may not prove dark drapery and had incense sticks in the end to have been the most effec· and candles before it, together with tive method among them all? sticks topped with long streamers of colored paper, cut in fantastic shapes, CHARTS AND POSTERS AT like the paper prayers seen in Eastern NORTHFIEW temples. From a distance and in a somewhat dim light, it had almost the The importance of charts and posters effect of a large alabaster image. -things that appeal to the eye-was continually emphasized at Northfield. Samples of hand-work from the "We often hear of things going in one Woman's Board of the Reformed ear and out the other," said a delegate Church formed a notable exhibit in at one of the meetings, "but who ever themselves. There were bandages, work- heard of things going in one eye and bagS' (filled and unfilled), tiny dolls for out the other?" Another told the story Christmas trees in India, and garments of a small boy who, after seeing a chart for babies and adults cut from patterns which depicted the number of Chrisfurnished the Board by missionaries 0n tians and heathen in the world by means the field. Such things are especially of black and white circles, prayed: welcome for hospital and rescue work, "Dear Jesus, help me to be a man; and but the peculiar value of all such work when I become a man to make the black lies in the fact that many women in circle smaller and the white circle the home churches who can not give bigger." largely in money, are thus enabled to offer such gifts as they have-their time Perhaps the most striking of all the and the Jabor of their hands. many charts displayed was a drawing in black and white entitled, "In The

Grasp of Heathenism."* (See page 854.) Another striking chart was "The Some important truths were taught Hand that Rocks the Cradle Rules the World." Two hemispheres were picby means of statistical charts. Two of tured with a hand above each. Over these were as follows: the United States and Canada in the Western Hemisphere was a Christian Japan Leads the Orient mother's hand, shedding a beautiful But Whither? golden radiance; over the non-Chris- tian parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. 8,000 Students in Tokio University a heathen mother's hand cast a blac;{ 6,000 Agnostic shadow. In the sunshine were the 1,500 Atheistic words, "Rise, shine, for thy Light ;s 440 Uncertain come"; in the shadow, "To turn them 60 Christian from darkness to light."

A Comparison A very attractive poster, "l'HE MIS- In the United States SION KINDERGARTEN," designed by Miss 19,636,348 Children in School Thomson, would be equally effective for a Primary Department or for a class In India studying chapter IV. of "The Child in 12,281,000 Married Children the Midst." With the aid of pictures 481,000 Widowed Children between clipped from missionary magazines, and with gummed or Tubber-stamp letters, 5 and 15 it could be reproduced by almost any one. It was as follows: * Outlines of this chart and another called HBurdened Girlhood," drawn in pencil on cloth one yard square, can be supplied for 50 cents each by Miss B. F. Bennett, 106 Highwood Avenue Ridgewood, N. J. Anyone can follow the poocil lines with heavy marking crayon, or fill in color and letter them.

Picture of Kiltdergartm 1. This is the Mission Kindergarten.

I rJ,Chi:Jld~ -. 2. This is the child that went to the Mission Kill- I~ der.garten.

3. This is the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

RFamily 4. This is the family hostile no more; Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

5. This is the street with neighbors galore, Street Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

Chapel 6. This is the chapel where gathers a throng Of people who listen to sermon and song, And come from the street of the neighbors galore, Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

AND LI FE DARKNf:65 ANt> DcA-1fti'

·SUFFER iHE LlTTt..E CH{LcDQeN ' . ,.'".r TO COME UNTO ME. AND FOQBiD THEM NOr" ~ "

LOVE CHRISTIAN HOME.5 PUBLIC SCHOOLS SUNDAY .5CHOOLS CHILD LlTERATUQE. PLAY GROUNDS . MOTHERS' CONGRE.55 CHILD LABOR LAW5 CHILD WELFARE -STUDY ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT CHARTS USED TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" A Ctll LD SAVED IS A SOUL SA VE V PLUS A L,FE"

Preachers A CHART TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" Drawn by MiliS Thomson aoo Miss Bennett

OF BEST

"It wilJ be more interesting," says 2. The last scene 111 the Children's Miss Thomson, "If this chart can be Pageant given out of doors one afterput on a roller or be folded, so that noon was Mrs. Peabody's "Magic one picture can be shown after the Christmas Tree," dramatized. A large other in order-beginning with No. I." evergreen was decorated with colored balls, tinsel, and other ornaments, and THE MAGIC CHRISTMAS TREE placed in the center of the green Tho the Northfield Summer School "stage." Crowds of American children was held in July, "The Magic Christ- came running to it and danced around mas Tree" played an important part it in great glee. Then angels came alonJ three different lines as follows: and directed their attention to groups I. The welcome announcement was of heathen children scattered all around made that Mrs. Peabody's exC[uisite the grounds. The American children fable, "The Magic Christmas Tree," stopt their merry-making and after which appeared on the back cover of THE CHRISTMAS TREE PAGEANT AT NORTHFIELD E'veryland a few years ago, had been debating for a while, ran out to get reprinted in red and green and gold them. "There was real thrill in this in the form of a beauti ful Christmas last scene, when the privileged Amerifolder and could be had from any of can children ran out to bring back by the Women's Boards at ten cents a the hand each little pagan child to share copy, Missionary workers were urged in the glad festival of the Christ Child." to make large use of it as a Christmas greeting to their friends , and some one Here is something that could be suggested that the different delegates effectively used for the Christmas exerendeavor to have it on sale in the Ten cises of the Sunday-schooL The entire text of the Pageant is to be reprinted, Cent Stores in their own home towns.* but it will probably not be available for Christmas this year. But with a • Wholesale prices may be obtained by address· copy of Mrs, Peabody's… Christmas ing }.fiss M. H. Leavis, agent of the United Committeo on the Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass,

folder, anyone could work up the scene. has not been found by some wideawake 3. A Christmas chart designed by missionary worker.

Miss M. H. Leavis of West Medford, "At what hour should the meetings Mass., for use in her Sunday-school, be held ?" asked a delegate at the was also called by many delegates, "The Methods Hour one day at Northfield. Magic Christmas Tree." The idea was suggested by a story, and its purpose "In the evening," came the prompt waS' to show the comparative number response, "so we can have the young of children in the different missionary women who are engaged through the countries and the selfishness of the little day." Americans who do not share their Christmas trees with others. It con- "Very good," said another delegate; sisted of a large picture of a Christ- "but how about the mothers who can mas tree surrounded by Christmas seals not come out in the evening?" (the Santa Claus variety in common use), on the basis of one for every At the Silver Bay Conference of the 7,000,000 people. Siam had one; the Missionary Education Movement, which Philippines I; Korea 2; Japan 8; China was in session at the same time, Miss 60; India 46; Africa 18; Turkey 8; Louise Southwick of New York City Eastern Islands 5; total 149, represent·· told of a plan that offers a possible ir:.g more than 250,000,000 children. To solution of this problem. This was the this were added I3 seals and a tiny formation in the Church of the Inter- American flag for the American chil- cession (one of the Trinity Chapels dren. with a membership of about 3,000), of an evening session for business women Accompanying the chart waS' a dia- and others who can not attend meetings log made up from the story that had in the day time. suggested the whole, the parts of which were taken (in her own Sunday-school) The idea came to Miss Southwick by Miss Leavis and a small boy. As one day when a young woman, a teachthe dialog progressed, the seals for er, who was urged :to attend the each country, previously pasted to pieces meetings of the Woman's Auxiliary said of paper, were pinned to the chart. At that "if she came she would have to the close Mrs. Peabody's "Magic Christ- be terribly late, and perhaps could not mas Tree" was read as a fitting climax. make it at all." Wisely reasoning that if there was one who could not come This would make a fine number on there were probably others, Miss South· the Christmas program in the Sunday- wick went to the rector, the Rev. Milo school. The dialog is not in print, H. Gates, D.D., and unfolded to him but typewritten copies may be ordered her plan of an evening missionary meetfrom Miss Leavis at five cents each. ing for business women. He not only The chart can easily be made. gave his approval but took the trouble to make out a list of some thirty wOlpen EVENING MEETINGS FOR BUSINESS who would be eligible for an under- WOMEN taking, and sent a letter to each of them saying that such an organization With nearly a thousand women pres- was about to be formed, and giving ent at Northfield it seemed impossible it his hearty endorsement. When these always to agree as to the best methods, letters had been sent out to pave the especially as conditions in the home way, Miss Southwick followed them churches differ so widely. Yet there up with personal calls. About the are few problems for which a solution middle of January, I913, a meeting was called and the president of the Diocesan Society was invited to explain the work

OF BEST METHODS

of a Woman',s Auxiliary. All who were by the Domestic and Foreign Mission- willing to join, or who wished to have ary Society of the Protestant Episcopal notices of the meetings sent to them Church. The second is an executive were asked to place their names and session to which aU the officers must addresses on a paper that was passed go and to which the members are more around; officers were elected with Miss than welcome. All business is trans- Southwick as president; and a program acted at this meeting with the excepof work was mapped out. tion of an occasional vote on some important question. The third meeting From the beginning the Evening is devoted to social service and city Branch has prospered greatly. There mission work. were eighteen charter-members, but now the membership has grown to thirty-two, All funds collected by the Branch are As the members are exceptionally busy sent through authorized channels to women, the requirements for member- places where the members can not go ship are very slight, One college themselves. To supplement this, an woman, the principal of a private school effort is made at each social service on Riverside Drive, when asked to join, meeting to s'ecure volunteers to take up inquired "how little she could do ami some special form of city mission work. yet belong." When told that the one Thus at one meeting one of the memobligation was to pay her dues, she gave bers decided to join the "Big Sisters," her name at once. volunteering to act the part of a sister to some girl who had gone astray. In The Branch is affiliated with the this way she formed a link between the afternoon Auxiliary, and one feature society and this kind of Christian work. of the monthly program of each is a At another meeting a music teacher report of what has been done in the who is a member of the Evening other. During Lent the Evening Branch offered to play during the entire Branch sews in conjunction with the year for a settlement house connected Auxiliary. The ideal now is to form with the New York City Mission. a similar branch for men, the two tll unite for special programs. A MISSIONARY RELAY RACE At first but one meeting was helrl At Silver Bay the Misses Martha and each month, but during the past yeal Hilda Pratt, indefatigable workers in the number has been increased to three. the First Baptist Church, Bennington, At the first of these, the program is Vermont, told of an unusually succes~- along the line of the work undertaken THE· KING'S·BU5INESS· DEQUIOrs·tIASTE ENTIRE. 0 S[~W~([ FAITHFUL FCINOOTQNEESLIEGLCNIQCGAl:EHTNOETDME INTEQCE5S0QY ENTHUSIASTIC NATIVE CONCERTED YOUR REASONABLE ADAPTED FROM A CHART EXHIBITED AT NORTHFIELD

ful reading contest held in their Sun- shelf, red for the girls', these being the day-school last spring. They called it colors of the books. a "Reading Relay Race," and it was one feature of a Judson Jubilee Campaign The contest lasted six weeks. At the carried out by the Sunday-school and close it was found that the 'girls had Women's Missionary Society of the won, the score standing, boys 58, girls church. 98, total 156-a remarkable record for a school that has only about 300 mem- In this novel race the boys were bers. pitted against the girls, and it was agreed that at the close the losers Schools of other denominations may should entertain the winners. The books wish to use other books, but these two chosen were "Ann of Ava," by Ethel have the advantage of being quickly Daniels Hubbard, for the girls, and read, and of being exceedingly interest- ing. Tho the J udsons were Baptists "Judson the Pioneer," by J. Mervin they belong to all, and everyone should be familiar with the thrilling story of Hull, for the boys. Six copies of each their life and work. were purchased and a large chart representing two shelves of books, the upper SPLITTING UP THE TEXT-BOOK for the boys, the lower for the girls, The woman's text-book for this year, was hung before the school. "The Child in the Midst," makes a strong appeal to mothers and strenuous Reading Relay Race efforts are to be made to induce as Boys' Shelf many as possible to read or study it. At one of her conferences on Methods II III III II ffill for Junior Workers conducted each day at Northfield, Miss Nellie Prescott sug- Girls' Shelf gested a good plan for getting the book into the hands of women who can II I I I ! not be induced to join a reading circle 111111 – or a study class, and who claim they I have not even time to read the text- book. This is to buy a paper copy of As soon as a book was completed it it, separate it into individual chapters, was passed on to another reader as provide attractive covers tied on each quickly as' possible without waiting for chapter with ribbon, and paste a slip Sunday to come, so that it frequently of paper on the back with this request: happened that one copy of a book was "When you have read this, put your read two and (in a few cases) three initials and the date opposite your name times in one week. Each Sunday one and pass it on to the next one on the space for each book read during the list." week was filled in on the chart with Sent out by the Home Department colored crayons-green for the boys' or a special committee, many women can be induced in this way to read a single chapter if not the whole book.

The privilege of prayer is one of my most cherished possessions, because faith and experience alike convince me that God sees and answers, and His answers I never venture to criticize. It is only my part to ask. It is entirely His to give or withhold, as He knows is best. I f it were otherwise, I would not dare to pray at all. When I can neither see, nor hear, nor speak, stilI I can pray so that God call hear. When I finally pass through the valley of the shadow of death, I expect to pass through it in conversation with Him.-Dr. W. T. Grenfell,

WODLD-WiDE

MISSIONADY NEWS LATIN AMERICA Romero. The children receive gratui- tously instruction, books, school sup- Slavery in Yucatan plies, needed clothing, shoes, medical A WRITER in the Christian Herald, who has lived fifteen years' in attendance and medicines, and many Yucatan, suggests that the conditions families of children receive food, peamong the Indians there might be ended if the United States Congress were to cuniary and other help, They are inprohibit the importation of the products of slave labor. He says that the native structed in trades and professions as Maya is the meekest and gentlest of all Mexican Indians; he is also held in well as in common school branches. The more cruel and hopeless bondage than the others. There are in the State of Bible is read daily without comment Yucatan some 150,000 Maya slaves, owned by about two hundred masters, and prayer is offered. Once a week who cultivate the sisal hemp, a product chiefly imported into this country. They the New .Testament is read with comgrow up under the baneful influence of lash, rum and a most un-Christian priest. ments. This has caused the opposition Under this triple system the Maya is fast going to an early grave, and some by .the Roman Catholic priests. About of them seek peace in self-inflicted death. As the Maya slave is disappear- 1,000 of the children are also enrolled ing fast, the planters import human cattle from other parts of the Mexican in Protestant Sunday-schools. republic. Twelve years ago, more than 12,000 Yaquis were shipped to Yucatan During thirteen years the schools and sold as slaves. To-day but a few hundred are alive, and these are as have enrolled 47,000 children, many of hopeless as the native Maya. whom have found employment secured The Philanthropic Schools of Palermo for them by the school workers. THESE schools were founded by Mr. 'Wm. C. Morris about fourteen No. of children who have received years ago. They were started for the clothing and shoes, which are poor children of the streets and have distributed twice a year …… 50,000 grown until they care for about 6,000 pupils a year. The cost is from $r20,- No. who have received medical 000 to $130,000 annually, and for a long attendance ……………….. 16,870 time this was raised by Mr. Morris personally. The Argentine Government No. of medical prescriptions filled 18,300 Poor children helped during their has voted a subsidy of $500 a month, convalescence …… ,………. 7,900 in spite of the opposition of Bishop Children for whom work has been obtained ……….. , ……. ,.. 2,500 Parents and relatives of the chil- dren for whom work has been obtained …………… , … ,.. 1,200 Abandoned children or small de- linquents detained by the police and for whom help has been given in the way of clothing and shoes during their deten- tion ………………. '…… 410 Prisoners helped during their de- tention and after being put at liberty …….. '…………… 140 Children who have received gra- tuitously everything necessary for their education ………… 4,200 Mr. Morris went out to Argentine as a Methodist missionary and after- ward joined the Anglican Church. He has uns-elfishly devoted all his energies to this work.

A Bolivian Inscription ippines. Two hundred and forty-six THERE is a strange inscription to be delegates registered, an increase of 132 read on the Bolivian grave of the over the previous year. These delegates pioneer missionary, Robert Lodge. T.aken represented sixteen different denomina- to a Roman Catholic hospital in Le Paz tions and were drawn from a wide on becoming seriously ill, he was con- area, covering sixteen States, Japan stantly approached by priests of that and the Philippine Islands.

faith, and was more and more urgently exhorted, as he grew weaker, to save his Home Mission Sunday-Schools A soul by entering the Church. When it NUMBER of summer schoob for the study of Home Missions were was seen that he must soon die, a group gathered in his room. Nuns in one COI'- conducted this year at various centers.

ner were praying to an image of the One of the best was the N'orthfield Con- Virgin; the Jesuit priest at the foot of ference, held in July. It was unusually the bed exhorted him; his coJIeague, Dr. ~mccessful, both in point of numbers an(t Jarrett, stood by awaiting the end. After in the interest and devotion manifested a long silence, during which his breath- "In Red Man's Land," the study book ing became slower and weaker, he sud- for the year, was taught by Miss Wood- denly sat up, and, looking straight at the berry, and the beautiful colored slides priest, made the final affirmation which and moving pictures of Indian lif~ now is written over this heretic's grave: shown by Dr. Dixon, of the Rodman "The blood of Jesus Christ cleanses us ¥anamaker expedition. Rev. Frank from all sin."-J. L. Jarrett, Colombia. Higgins presented his work among the.

NORTH AMERICA lumbermen, and addresses were given on the Italians and "The Loyal MOUll- ALaymen's Missionary Conference taineers." T the fourth summer conference of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Evangelism by the Seaside held at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin (July OVER 200,000 people attended 29 to September 2), J. Campbell White the very successful meetings this reported that since the inception of the summer at Brighton Beach, N. Y., ill movement six years ago, the contribu- the open-air Gospel work conducted by tions of the churches to the missionary Mr. W. E. Stephens and his associates.

enterprise have more than doubled. Meetings were held on Saturdays and Still better things are expected, since Sundays from 5 to 7 p. M. Last year the men of to-day are better equipped I33.450 persons were reached.

to promote a program of more efficient The highest number of attendance missionary instruction in their churches. in anyone day was 16,625~n August The study groups at the "Lake Geneva 3ISt. These services consisted of sing- Conference discust immigration, the ing, Scripture reading and short Gos- New Home Missions, the Church of the pel talks directed to the passing throng.

Open Country, Mexico and the Call of The object was to reach the 110n- the World, and daily denominational churchgoers, and the conversions' re- meetings were followed by round table ported this year exceed last year's, amI conferences of all the groups meeting the influence of these meetings has ex- together to compare notes and discuss tended all over Brooklyn and to dis· methods. tant parts.

Vesper services were held .on t1~e Jake Occasionally a gospel bell-ringer front, addrest by missionary workers and a cornetist assisted, but the music from Japan, India, Africa and thel'hil- for the most part was simple Gospel

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

singing by a large chorus on the plat- Baltimore, and it is thought by mem- form, led by soloists. bers of the Washington colony that those in authority will heed their re- The work was supported by the free- quest and grant the requisite funds. will offerings of Christians. "How to reach the masses" is a problem which Work for Chinese and Japanese seems to be solved by the Open-Air Gospel services. "How to reach the WITH the largest Chines-e popula- masses" is to go to the masses. tion of any American city, San Prohibition Progress Francisco is naturally the center of Chi- nese missionary work, with I I missions. NINE States have already adopted Fine buildings have been erected for the State-wide prohibition. Of the work of the Baptist, Congregational, other thirty-nine States so much terri- Episcopalian, Methodist and Presbyterian tory is "dry" that more than 47,000,000 missions._ The cities across the bay from of our population are now living under San Francisco, Oakland, Alameda and prohibition, the saloonless area of the Berkeley, have II missions, carried on United States being 7I per cent. by 7 denominations, twice as many in of the entire country. At the proportion to the population as in San present time five States, Washington, Francisco, but with much less equipment – Oregon, California, Colorado, and Vir- for the work. Los Angeles recently had ginia, are engaged in campaigns for 8 Chinese missions carried on by 6 de- State-wide prohibition next November. nominations, Sacramento 4, Seattle 2. -Two others, Idaho and Arizona, are planning for like campaigns. Iowa, The great centers of Japanese popula- Texas, Utah, and Florida are working tion on the Pacific Coast are Los An- to secure State-wide prohibition next geles, San Francisco and Seattle. There year. Other States are stirring in the are 7 churches and missions in Los An- matter. People are everywhere aroused, geles, and 3 more in suburban tOW!lS, and the prohibition idea advances by conducted by 7 denominations. There leaps and bounds. are 5 miss-ions in Seattle, under as many denominations. Several of the Japanese One-half of all the American people missions in Seattle are well equipped now living in license territory live in with buildings. In San Francisco and four States-New York, Pennsylvania. the Bay district, 16 churches and mis- Illinois and New Jersey_ One-fourth sions for Japanese are maintained by 8 of all the people who live in license denominations. territory live in 6 cities-New York. Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Boston "Go to Church" in Hawaii and Cleveland. One-half of all the saloons in the United States are located W ORKERS in the American Mis- in 14 cities. sionary Association report that the observance of Go-to-Church Sunday, A Mormon Temple in Washington throughout this entire field, has proved a stimulating experience. A contributor BEING without a regular place of to the Congregationalist writes from worship, a colony of ISO Mormons Hawaii: "With the advent of I914 the Go-to-Church movement in Honolulu which has grown up in Washington is began in -earnest. Its chief feature has drafting plans for the erection of a lain in getting before the people the llandsome edifice in the capital city as claims of religion. In doing this it has a branch of the Church of Jesus Christ been using modern methods." All suc- of Latter Day Saints. Mormons have cessful advertisers _.know the importance churches in Chicago, New York, ami of following up an advertisement, and

in connection with Go-to-Church Sunday it proved to be leprosy, he was banished this pertinent comment is made: "Cer- to a hut on the outskirts of the city, tainly the Christian forces of the United occupied by a Chinese leper, mutilated States are waking up on the question of hideously. He fled in terror, but was getting their wares before the eyes of pursued by the authorities and brought men by persistent advertising. The back. Another inmate of the same hut .question is, Will the churches meet this is an American who had assisted in campaign of advertising by a corres- opening a railroad in the Philippines ten ponding welcome and an enthusiastic years before the disease appeared. endeavor to make their services winsome and helpful?" A The Canadian Eskimo NEW Canadian Census Bulletin gives Lepers in the United States curious details of the Eskimo popu- lation living about Hudson Bay. Arch- RECENTLY two Bills have been deacon Renison of Moosonee, who took introduced in Congress looking to the census in his district, writes: "In the establishment of a National Lepro- calling most of them pagans it must sarium. One of these would provide be remembered that they are so in name $150,000 for a National Leprosarium on only, since all of them have their resome island. The other Bill appro- ligious books and practically everyone priates $500,000 for a Leper Home, of the age of ten can read them. the location now being specified. Heathen practises are a thing of the past. The majority of the people live By those familiar with the facts, under the most squalid conditions and are leprosy. is believed to be a serious destitute of proper clothing through national danger. The United States are the failure of the deer, which long in frequent communication through ship- ago were numerous along the east ping with countries where leprosy is coast of Hudson Bay." Sergeant Hay- widely prevalent, and inquiries have ter reported that the people in his shown that in some parts of the United district had no idea whatever of their States foreign levers have little difficulty age and they knew nothing of our .in effecting a landing and passing thence divisions of time. They are sometimes into the interior, where they are soon polyga111ists, sometimes' polyandrists. lost sight of, but where they may spread They are fond of children, but change the infection unobserved. This source the111 about, adopting some or giving of danger is stated to be rapidly in- their own away, according to convecreasing. Leprosy is known to be nience, so that it is hard to reckon comIhonin some of the foreign posses- by families.-The Churchman. sions' and dependencies of the United States-e.g., the Hawaiian Islands, the EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Philippines (where at present some 5,000 lepers are under supervision), and A Record Year for Bibles Porto Rico. There is great need for a national leper home, where suitable care T HE British and Foreign Bible can be given to these sufferers, who are Society has closed its one hundred now often subjected to virtual perse- and tenth year. In the past year, six cution. A physician in St. Louis reports new versions of the Bible have aptwo such cases. One a man thirty-five peared in print for the first time. One years old, who had been a soldier in the is Mark's Gospel in Kopu for one of Philippines ten years before, developed the many aboriginal tribes in the a disease of the skin, of the nature of mountains of southwest China. Last which he was entirely ignorant. When autumn IO,OOO copies were delivered to the China Inland Mission. The Gos-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

pel was first used in public worship at Christian Association, which has a a harvest festival, when 400 Kopu filled membership of 3,000, in 400 branches, the chapel, each with his own copy. devotes itself particularly to evangelis- Sentence by sentence they read in tic work among the troops, both on the unison the first chapter. Mark has Continent and in England. also been given in their own tongue to the Mawken-or "Drowned-in-the-Sea," Within ten days of the actual dec- as they style themselves-a gipsy fisher laration of war the Young Men's Chris- folk of Lower Burma; and to the tribes tian Association Field Service De- among the snow peaks of Western partment was at work at more than Tibet who speak Manchad. Luke has 60 points throughout Great Britain. been published in Car Nicobarese, the The greatest possible variety of method dialect of the most populous of the is in use. One special piece of work Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal; which the Y. M. C. A. has undertaken and Matthew in Addo, a dialect of is the distribution of Testaments among Southern Nigeria; while the four Gos- the Territorials and Regular troops for pels~ at the request of the Evangelical the Pocket Testament League. This Missionary Society for German East league plans for the wise and careful Africa, have been printed in Ruanda, distribution of special copies of the the speech of 7,000,000 negroes in the Gospel of St. John to hundreds' of mountain region between Victoria thousands of soldiers and sailors, and Nyanza and Lake Tanganyika. The for the individual gift of copies of the Society's list now includes versions in entire New Testament to those soldiers 456 different tongues-the complete and sailors who would agree to carry Bible in 112 languages, the New Tes- the Testaments with them and read at tament in III more languages, and at least one chapter daily. least one book of Scripture in 233 other languages. The total issues for the THE CONTINENT year 1913-14 were 8,958,233 copies-an increase of over a million compared I The Prussian State Church with the previous year. In embossed N view of the position of Germany type for the blind, the Society has pub- in the present European war, special lished or circulated the Scriptures in interest attaches to an article in a 35 different languages. recent issue of the Hibbert Journal, regarding the withdrawal movement Salvation Army Sends Out Workers from the State churches. Since the first of January, 1908, in Berlin alone, GENERAL BOOTH recently dedi- 31,967 Protestants, 5,029 Roman Cath- cated a party of 102 officers for serv- olics and 196 Jews have notified such withdrawal. The formality of withice in India, the Dutch Indies, Korea, drawing involves no little personal Japan, Holland, Canada, South Africa, trouble and loss of time, besides the New Zealand, South America, France, social stigma attached to it. Those Malta, and Gibraltar. This is the larg- baptized in the church must formally est party ever sent out at one time by declare their withdrawal before a State the Army, and over 75 are going to India. official, otherwise they must pay the church tax, if their incomes exceed British Troops and the Gospel a certain sum. The writer calls the Prussian State Church little more than T HE departure of British troops for a link in a social and political chain, the front was the call to service a constituent element in the State orfor the various agencies which concern ganization, but one which only reflects themselves with the moral and spiritual welfare of the men. The Soldiers'

a part of the heart of the nation. It Poles, mostly Roman Catholics, are not is the political-religious side of Preus- particularly susceptible. to Pan-Slav sentum, and he thinks that the working propaganda, as that is largely Russian class is becoming increasingly convinced and Orthodox. that Christianity has moved somewhat from its primitive ideals and has been Altogether the Dual Moriarchy conmisused to bolster up the Prussian tains 5,500,000 inhabitants of Cerb State idea.-The Churchman. race, divided between Islam and two Christian creeds.

Polyglot Population of Austria The Religion of Suicides ACCORDING to the most recent THE Imperial Statistical Bureau of authoritative statistics the racial Berlin publishes the averages of question in Austria-Hungary is much more complicated and diversified than death by suicide per 100,000 people is usually to be explained in reference among different religious and nonbooks. In the kingdoms and provinces religious sections of the German nation. represented in the Reichsrath in Vienna The ratio is as follows: there are nearly 10,000,000 Germans and 18,500,000 non-Germans. Of these Among Moravians, Mennonites, etc. 1 nearly 17,500,000 are Slavs. Among Among Protestants ……………. 31 these Slavs, the Croats and Serbs num- Among Catholics ……………… 37 Among Jews …………………. 40 Among the religionless, especially ber 780,000, chiefly in Dalmatia, while – among Socialists ……………. 605 there are in all 666,000 Orthodox and Revival in Bulgaria nearly 3,500,000 Greek Uniats. In Hungary, with its subject kingdoms of "N OTHING like the present SpIrI- Croatia and Slavonia, there are 10,000,- tual awakening has ever occurred 000 Magyars, 2,000,000 Germans, and in the history of evangelical Chris- 8,000,000 other non-Magyars. Of these tianity in this country," writes Dr. E 3,000,000 are Rumanians and well over E. Count, from Sofia, Bulgaria, under 5,000,000 Slavs. The Croats, or Roman date of August 29th. "Over 60 have Catholic Serbs, number 1,800,000 and joined our Methodist Church in this their Orthodox brothers are I,roO,ooo city since February, and on the Sofia in number. All told, Hungary has District more than ISO new members nearly II,OOO,OOO Roman Catholic sub- are recorded."

jects, 2,000,000 Greek Uniats, and Restrictions Abolished in Russia 3,000,000 Orthodox. In this connection S it should be remembered that the EVERAL months ago the Review referred to the hostility of the Patriarchate of the Orthodox Serb Church has been fixt at Karlowitz, Greek Church officials to the Baptists under Hungarian rule, for over two in Russia, and the action taken by the centuries. In Bosnia there are 434,000 Government against Rev. Mr. Fetler.

Roman Catholic Croats, 825,000 Ortho- Since the outbreak of the war, the dox Serbs and over 600,000 Bosniaks, 1:orrespondent of the Reuter Telegram or Moslem Serbs. Thus, it will be Company at St. Petersburg has re- seen that the Emperor Francis Joseph ported that the Russian authorities are rules over more than 25,000,000 Slavs abolishing previous restrictions against and 3,225,000 Rumanians, of whom the holding of prayer-meetings by nearly 4,500,000 adhere to various Or- Baptists, and that the Baptists are thodox churches and 5,400,000 are opening hospitals in Kiev, Odessa and Uniats. Of this Slav mass 5,000,000 St. Petersburg.

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Stamping Out the Drink Curse political unrest. Here the war-call of my earthly king suddenly reached me, NEWS was recently published from which I must obey early in the morn· St. Petersburg, to the effect that ing. Unfortunately, I have not time enough for a complete report. Everyan order from the Czar to his army, where there is an earnest longing for dealing with the drink evil had just salvation in Christ; everywhere I had been issued. Drunkenness is to be to promise either· to return or to send ruthlessly stamped out. Officers are a secretary. The harvest is ready at forbidden to drink in camp, on ma- the door, and the Christian Endeavor neuvers or while on any duty with Society has great problems in the their men. All classes of drunkenness Balkans. The Lord Jesus· will bring it are to be dealt with in the severest out right, even without my service, manner. Commanding officers are since I must now go to the war. It ordered to discourage as much as pos- is bitter that I must now go with sible the drinking of alcohol, and weapons against those to whom a few medical officers are to deliver lectures weeks ago I preached of the Lord of periodically on the harmful effects of Peace. God make me strong." alcohol. Russia is looked upon as benighted, out when have governments MOSLEM LANDS taken action to teach the people the harmful effects of alcohol? Apart from An Encounter with Brigands the schools, no effort has been made by American authorities to let the people DR. W. N. CHAMBERS of Adana. know the facts revealed by science. In England, France and Germany, great while on his way to the annual efforts are made by means of bulletins, meeting of the Central Turkey Mission posters, and other ways, to warn people was "held up" by brigands four hours of the danger in the use of alcoholic out from Hadj in. He says: liquors. The results, as far as we can judge, show that more good is accom- "The distressing and tragical part of plished by teaching than by prohibition. it was the shooting of the soldier de- Here the teaching is left to private tailed to act as guard to the party. He enterprise which is very spasmodic and was beside me, and seeking cover for does not carry the weight or influence resistance was shot through the breast of governmental authority. and dropt dead. This was within a minute after we were halted and found The Pathos of the War ourselves in the hands and at the mercy of six or eight brigands. They searched A PATHETIC letter addrest to Dr. the others of the party-three Arme- Francis E. Clark, of the Christian nians from Hadjin-and would take Endeavor Society, by a teacher in nothing from me, tho I offered money Croatia, Austria, who devotes his sum- to induce them to deal mercifully with mers and all his free time to Christian one of my companions."-Miss.ionary Endeavor work, is one of those side- Herald. lights on the war which give it its vital human significance. This teacher A Boy Sultan in Persia writes: SULTAN AHMED SHAH KATAR. "For four weeks I have borne the the boy of seventeen who occupies Christian . Endeavor banner through the Balkans. I was obliged to cut .off the throne of Persia, took the oath and fourteen days' of the journey planned, was crowned in Teheran, his capital, and hasten home on account of the in July. Advancing to the table in front of the platform 111 the Parliament House, he placed his hands on the Koran, and in ~

loud voice took the oath. He then is need of more forceful and cultured proceeded to the neighboring Sipah- men in the native pastorate who may suc- Salar Mosque where the Ulama and cessfully address their fellow country- the principal religious dignitaries were men-Indian Christian scholars, nur- assembled. Here he returned thanks tured in the varied learning of the and offered prayers to Allah for the East and West, who will interpret the prosperity of his country and his reign. practical West to the philosophical East, At 5 P. M. the coronation took place and will be able to show that the re- in the palace, the king placing the ligion of Christ is in accord with the crown upon his own head, while the best sentiments of India's best minds. Ulama acclaimed him king, intoning ill The college is the first example of sonorous, guttural tones the Arabic different missionary societies in India formula: cooperating· in theological instruction. Six Foreign Mission Boards, Scotci1 Fearless Dealings with Moslems Presbyterian, English Congregational, Danish Lutheran, English Wesleyan, T HE fact that the Presbyterian Mis- American Reformed, and American sion schools in Persia have been Congregational, have representatives on organized primarily to make Christians the college council. Four European does not seem to frighten Moslems professors and one Indian professor away from them. Of more than 1,000 constitute the faculty. Buildings at an such in attendance 700 are paying tui- expense of $47,000 are being erected. tion fees. All are required to study These consist of a college hall with the Bible, and in only three of the classrooms and library, a hostel for unthirteen is Friday (the Moslem Sah- married students, two small bungalows bath) given as a holiday. Miss Stock- for married students, and a residence ing tel1s in the Moslem World, a good for the principal. The sum of $33,000 story of one of the missionaries in has already come from Europe, chiefly Resht who was summoned before a from England, for the building fund. magistrate. The fol1owing dialog The remaining $14,000 are rightly exdeveloped: pected from America.

Official.-"We hear that you have Lowering the Flag of Paganism been inviting Moslems to become Christians." A STRIKING incident is related by Rev. William Peters, of the North Missionary.-HIt is true.' ' India Methodist Mission: "Recently I Off.-"Whom do you invite?" visited the work on Ujhani Circuit, Miss.-HI invite you, sir." where lives an old Hindu more than The official gave no more trouble.- seventy years of age. All his life he Record of Christian Work. had been an idolater and had done everything in his power to prevent the INDIA spread of Christianity. He built a great heathen altar in front of his A Unique Miuioaary lnatitution house and hoisted over it a large pagan banner. Revival meetings were held T HE first class of eight students by the. Christians in his village. The graduated from the United Theo- power of God took hold of his soul logical College of Sont:iLlndia a~ ancl he pulled down his flag, broke Ion at Bangalore have all beelL called to down the altar, and with his heart acpositions of usefulness as tbeffltJgirnJ cepted JesuS' Christ as .his Savior." teachers, pastors, and evangetists: in the Indian church. The need of an institn- tion such as this is great, for So~ India and Ceylon contairr half the Protes- tant Christian population of India. There

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America'. Costly Gift to India not merely protected Christians from insult or injury in his own province, D R. HUME, speaking at the cen- but who quietly conveyed to Washing- tenary celebration of the American ton news, upon the strength of which Board Mission in India, estimated the was determined the despatching of number of earnest, educated sons and troops to safeguard the legations. Since daughters of North America, who had then Yuan haS' done many things for given their lives to India in the past which Christian propagandists are 100 years, at not less than 40,000. This grateful. But his open acquiescence in gift of good women and men by one the advance of Christianity in China country to another with which it has is shown in his manly decision, in the no political and little commercial re- face of political intrigue, that China lation is, he declares, unparalleled in shall not revert to the reactionary ranks history, and unparalleled in its spiri- of nations shackled by the bonds of tual, intellectual and social value. state religions.-Men and Missions (N. Y.). HTTen Nationalities at One Altar HERE are commonly ten nation- Optimism in West China alities and combinations of nationalities represented at the family altar BISHOP LEWIS, of the Methodist of the mission house at Pegu, Burma, Church in West China, writes that the political conditions are much more viz., Canadian, American, Tamil, Te- settled than they were a year ago. "Among a few," he says, "there may lugu, Hindustani, Panjabi, Burmese, be a slight opposition to Yuan Shih Chinese, Karen and Chino-Karen. Kai. But the people are loyal to the These are all resident on the compound central government and do not want except the Panjabi mater who happens trouble. They seem to be satisfied with to come for work at that hour, and the present situation. The epidemic being a Christian takes part in the of robbery, reported a year ago, apt family devotions. What will be the pears to have been entirely checked." product of the amalgamation of all With the new Civil Governor of these races'?"-Indian Witness. Szechuen, Chen Tin-chieh, in cordial sympathy with the Church's work-tho CHINA not himself a professing Christian- with the people at peace, and the p Religion and Politics Church making rapid strides, Bishop RESIDENT YUAN SHIHKAI Lewis believes the situation in West has dissipated all doubts as to China to be 1110st promising. freedom of worship and of religious belief in the new Republic. He has T Plea for Methodist Union issued a mandate explaining the mean- HERE is undoubtedly much to be ing and force of his previous announce- gained by the organic union of the ment regarding the restoration of Con- Chinese members of the various Methfucianism as China's system of social odist bodieS' operating in China. So ethics. The mandate guarantees re- many different churches, so many difligious freedom and declares: "No State ferent names, so many different sysreligion will be introduced, as under the tems of doctrine. and church polity, Ching dynasty, since religious freedom necessarily produce no little confusion corresponds with the system of repub- and uncertainty in the minds of the licanism." Yuan Shih Kai has long Chinese. This is bad enough when we been the friend of the missionary and consider only the great main divisions the native Christians. Back, in the days of the Boxer troubles. it was Yuan Shih Kai, then a powerful viceroy, who

among the denominations, as the Pres- church, and schools, and preachers, ana byterians, Methodists, Baptists, Angli- teachers, and I always go to church cans, etc. But when each of these and am diligent in learning the doc- main divisions is subdivided into nu- trine."

merous smaller bodies, the Chinese are What May Come to Pass at a loss to know the reason for it, and it makes confusion worse con- W ILL China some day send misfounded. Further, there can be no sionaries to America? We can doubt that our work could be adminis- not believe it, says the Christian Obtered much more economically, both as server (Southern Presbyterian), but a to men and money, if we were united high Chinese official says it will be so. into one organic body. The mission- The rapid advance of Christianity in aries need not necessarily belong to mission lands suggests this. The sugthe Chinese Church. They could main- gestion is emphasized by the comtain their connection with the home paratively sluggish progress of religion, Church, as is the case in Japan. Bilt or its actual decline in Christian lands. that the Chinese members shouM be As indicating growth in foreign lands united into one body is a consumma- it appears from the last reliable census tion devoutly to be wished. There arc of India that there are now 3,896,000 to-day perhaps 70,000 or more Metho- Christians in India, twelve for each dist Christians in China. What a thousand of population. The American strong body these would make if they Methodist Mission in India baptized were all united into one organization. 30,000 persons in I9I2, and 40,000 in -China Christian Advocate. I9I3. Thousands registered their names for baptism, but could not receive the Result of a Medical Journey required instruction because of lack of workers. The work of other de- DR. D. DUNCAN MAIN, of Hang- nominations is correspondingly pros- perous. The Presbyterian Church in chow hospital, relates. the follow- China is preparing to organize a ing as an illustration of the text, "Cast General Assembly. 60,000 Presbyterians thy bread upon the waters": are ready to enter this organization. Other denominations enjoy similar An old patient who lives in a little prosperity. country place twenty miles distant, that 'we used to visit on Saturdays, for healing and preaching, some years ago, writes: "I live at Kuchang, in Yu'ang-. An Appeal from Honan and my name is Li Kya-Chen, and I THREE years ago the gentry oi am 74 years of age. A long time ago, Chow Kiakan, Honan, presented a in the reign of Kwang Dzu, you came petition to the China Inland Missions here to heal, and preach the 'Happy asking for a hospital. They are still Sound.' At that time I only thought awaiting an answer. The city has a of my disease. Now I know that your population of 225,000, and the sur- coming here was not only to cure our rounding district is well populated.

diseases, but to cllre our souls, because A great opportunity is thus presented the doctrine of Jesus has got into my for reaching these people. The peti- heart and that is the most important tion expresses appreciation of the work, thing of all. I have offended against and in oriental language the writers God and you; but most fortunately Goel say that they "turn with earnest desire has forgiven me while I am alive, and toward the open door of the Mission I thank you for what you did for me. Book Room, as the Sunflower turns to- We have had now for some years a ward the Sun."

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JAPAN-KOREA think of allowing his new official duties to interfere with the indorsement of the A Methodist School in Kobe Sunday-school convention to which he had committed himself. THE Kwansei Gakuin, founded 25 years ago at Kobe by Bishop W. I An Anglican Mission to Lepers N the September, 1913, issue of The R. Lambuth, has proved to be one of Spirit of Missions appeared an ac- the great missionary institutions of count of the work done among lepers at learning in the Orient. Good buildings Kumamoto, Japan, under the leadership have been erected, the student body of Miss Riddell. At that time she was in all departments numbers more tha~ earnestly praying that a priest might 1;le 700. It is a union Methodist institu- moved to help in the enterprise. The tion, the Methodist Church of Canada May issue of The Mission Field, the having united with the Southeru official organ of the S. P. G., says: Methodist as full partners. In Octo- ber, the 25th anniversary was cele- "The S. P. G. is to be privileged to brated on an extensive scale. share in the work among the lepers at Kumamoto, Japan, the committee having The Premier Stands for Religion made a grant toward defraying the ex- penses of the Rev. A. S. Hewlett, the – COUNT OKUMA, the venerable pre- Vicar of St. Paul's Church, Tranmere, mier who has recently succeeded to Birkenhead, who is resigning his living in order to devote himself to work the headship of the government in J a- among lepers. The leper settlement is pan, continues in his high office to show not very far from the scene of the the same practical concern in the relig- great volcanic eruption. In a letter just ious life of his people which he hag received from Miss Riddell, the foun- manifested for years as private citizen dress of the work among lepers in and university president. Tho he Japan, she writes: 'The Sunday after has thus far in his career refrained from the first eruption our lepers, sixty-six in actual indorsement of Christianity, in number, brought me all the money they an address which he delivered recently could make up between them, four shil- in Tokyo at the dedication of the dormi- lings and a farthing, and asked me to tory for the Chinese Y. M. C. A., the send it to any Christians among the Count used the following significant lan- sufferers as a little thank-offering for guage: "The fatal defect in the teach- the great Love which was preserving ings of the great sages of Japan and them from need and anxiety in this time China is that while they dwelt with of their physical affliction. I know that virtue and morale they did not suffi- it was not only the "widow's mite," but ciently dwell on. the spiritual nature it was the lepers' all.''' of man. And every nation th:lt neglects the spiritual, tho it may Christianity in Korea flourish for a time, must eventually decay. The origin of modern civiliza- THE president of the Japanese Y. M. tion is to be found in the teachings uf C. A. at Seoul is Judge Watanabe. the Sage of Judea, by whom alone the necessary moral dynamic is supplied." the founder and head of the judicial Vhen Count Okuma became Premier, it system in Korea. The church statistics was expected that he would resign from for 1913 have just been completed. the arrangements committee of the The following comparative tables will World's Sunday-school Convention. indicate to some extent the growth of which is to meet in Tokyo in 1916. But Christianity during that period. he expressly declared that he would not

1913 1912 AFRICA Adult Baptisms …… . 6,848 6,089 The Coptic Church in Egypt Communicants ……. . 80,383 73,226 Total Church Members 98,325 90,400 ABOUT 6 per cent. of the popula- Organized Churches .. 857 tion of Egypt, or some 670,000 Churches, Self-support- 831 persons, we are told, belong to the Coptic Church. They constitute a dis- ing ……………. . 182 186 tinct community, with their own schools, Churches, Partly Self- cemeteries and civil laws. While only 645 4 per cent. of the Moslem popUla- supporting ……… . 675 1,280 tion can read and write, more than IO Preaching Places …. . 1,256 per cent. of the Copts can do so. Ordained Ministers, Jap- 702 The Copts in the cities are clever mer- chants and the number of extremely anese ………….. . 728 652 wealthy Coptic families has consider- Unordained Ministers ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- 106,580 tants are largely persons who have and Helpers ……. . 732 abandoned the Church of the Copts, 318,987 but there is no such chasm between S. S. Scholars and them as between Protestantism and Teachers . . . . . . . . . .. 108,495 Romanism. Protestants feel a sense of historical relationship to the ancient Amount contributed by church, desire its reformation, contri- Japanese ……. Yen 374,538 bute to its schools and church con- struction, attend its congresses. Ameri"- $187,269 $169,493 can missionaries are invited repeatedly to speak in Coptic churches. This has One of the most interesting features gone so far that the solemn ritualistic of the Student Young Men's Chris- services on Good Friday have been tian Association work in Korea is the suspended, and Mr. Reed, a Presby-o sending forth of evangelistic groups terian clergyman, invited in to give which preach the Gospel in the neigh- an exposition of the Scriptures. Great boring villages and country districts, numbers of Coptic laymen and school often where no preaching has ever been teachers and some Coptic priests have heard. One Association reported that been educated in American Presby-· during the year they have raised money terian schools and cherish the friendto send a missionary to an island 1,500 liest feelings for the evangelical church. li distant. His work has resulted in There is, further, a distinct movement many conversions among the islanders. of reformation in the ancient church of Egypt-an advancing use of the What a Student Y. M. C. A. Can Report Arabic colloquial in place of the un- intelligible Coptic, an increasing use of THE report of the Student Secre- the Scriptures in the services, more tary in Korea, Mr. Choi Sung Mo, preaching and Bible exposition, growth contains the following paragraph: of schools for girls, and other work "From last June to April of this year for women. The development of Sun- I have been able to lead 272 men to day-schools in the Coptic churches is decide to accept Jesus Christ as their proposed as the most promising way of Savior. A number of these are in my transforming it in an evangelical sense. Bible classes and 76 of them are now There could hardly be a more certain known to be in regular attendance at guaranty of a Reformed Church of the church. It was my duty to deliver the Gospel both in public and in private and to visit the sick. I have done what I could as the time permitted, and I trust that the work of my Master has been promoted by my services." Mr. Choi Sung Mo leads 16 different Bible classes, two of which are composed entirely of students from non- Christian private schools, while two other number among their enrolment some 60 Government school students.

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Egypt than a widespread movement of ther evangelization of the subjects of this kind. 'King' Lukengu, the well-known Kongo A Typical Moslem Region chief. Not long ago, Ibanche station A CORRESPONDENT writes to the Christian Standard from Algiers: chose seven of the very best and "After a three-months' sojourn in the land of Islam I am more profoundly strongest native preachers (unordained. convinced than ever of the power of a false religion to mar the happiness of course) that they have, and sent and destroy the prosperity of mankind. This land is, in parts, as beautiful as them to the most strategic remote vilthe Garden of Eden, yet everywhere it yields tokens of the curse of Islam. The lages of Lukengu's country. Two of memories of this land, it seems to me, will always reawaken the threnody of them went to the tribe called the Bangwail and sob that swept down upon us from the minarets the last night we endi, a tribe never before touched by spent in B1ida. A few days ago we walked through 'the Casbah in Algiers. Protestant teachers, with the exception The Casbah is that part of the city where the Arabs live. It was an ex- of one very brief visit of two missionperience to make' one's heart sad. The Casbah has been called a human rabbit- aries of the Presbyterian Missions. warren. The streets are so narrow that, in many places, one might stand Until the arrival of these young African in the middle and touch the walls on either side. Here the natives live and Protestants in those villages, the name work and trade. Foodstuffs-the very sight of which was nauseating-were of Christ had never been heard. Not on sale in alleys, where the smells proclaimed the deadly pollution of the one word of God's message to men had atmosphere. Dark passages, narrow stairways and doors in unexpected ever reached them. This is, indeed, places suggested a labyrinth as intricate, dangerous and mysterious as pioneer evangelization, and these young the catacombs. The people who haunted these abodes, mostly shrouded umpeon~ with their wives', will be called in white, were silent and sad, as tho to endure many trying hardships. they might be corpses wandering from their tombs. Islam knows no pity for Indeed, they have already reported such the poor,. the ignorant and the opprest. Islam cares not for sanitation nor for discouraging facts as the cold indifferthe uplift of humanity. Islam means degradation, stagnation and desolation." ence of the people to the Gospel mes- From the Kongo Region sage, the superstitious fear of the Gospel MR. PLUMER writes from Lusambo, by many, and the tremendous power of Kongo Beige :-"Ibanche station, of our African mISSIon, has lately taken a Fetichism over the mass of the people. very important step forward in the fur- With this heathenism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other, these forces of Christ must have a severe and long struggle before the victory is won. "

A Promising Mission Field ARECENT traveler vividly pictures the opportunity in the Kassai valley of the Kongo State. "There is no mis- sion field more full of promise, more' urgent in its needs, than is the great Kassai valley and the adjoining Lunda plateau. The Bakete, numbering 20,000, are all accessible and at the doors of the great church at Luebo. The Bakuba, numbering, perhaps, 400,000. lying north of the Luebo, in the great Sankuru-Kassai peninSUla, have thrown open their doors, and already one sta- tion has been planted among them. The Bashilange, numbering over 1,000,- 000, lying to the south of Ndombe, are ready to have the Word.

The Christian King of Uganda ceremony, however interesting; that it is not only entailed from below but OCTOBER 5th was the day chosen committed from above; and that in for the crowning of Dauda Chwa, facing responsibility the Kabaka may the day on which, in 1889, the com- rely on the earnest prayers of his bined Christian forces of Uganda, people.-C. M. S. Gazette. Protestants' and Roman Catholics, re- entered the capital after their final Great Growth in a Hard Field victory over the Mohammedan party. Uganda Notes for June says: "The THE Swedish Mission in Abyssinia celebration of October 5th as 'Peace counted in 1897 5 stations, 300 con- Day' has already become an established verts, 20 native evangelists, and 90 institution in Uganda. The cqoice of pupils in one mission school. To-day such a day for the coronation is a there are 10 stations, 2,000 converts', happy augury to mark the beginning 75 native evangelists, 10 native school of a rule that shaH know no respect teacherS', 1,305 pupils in 5 boardingof persons, but labor untiringly for the schools and 50 day schools in the vilhighest good of all. Three distinct lages. There is a hospital in full celebrations will mark the coming of operation and a press which is printing age of the Kabaka. The fi.rst, which in Ethiopian, Amaric, Tigrigna, Tigre, will take place on Saturday, August 8th, Cunama, Galla and Swahili. Two hunwill be the civil ceremony, when the dred hymns have been translated into authority to rule will be formally trans- the Tigrigna tongue and are uS'ed in ferred from the three Regents, who the mission schools. have hitherto borne the burden of government, to the Kabaka. The sec- OCEAN WORLD ond native ceremony will take place on Friday, August 14th, when the Kabaka The Marsden Centenary will sit for the first time in his Lukiko, or Council, and the great chiefs will T HE very existence of the now come forward to swear allegiance to flourishing Dominion of New Zeahim. Both of these ceremonies will land is due to the faith and courage take place in the capital. The third, of the Rev. Samuel Marsden, who went or religious ceremony, will be at Budo, fearlessly among the ferocious Maoris on Monday, October 5th. For the first of those cannibal islands. The mission time in the history of the country a of the Church Missionary Society which Christian king will sit on the throne he founded on Christmas Day, 1814, of Uganda. With a Christian king tamed the race; and subsequently in much of the older ceremonies connected poured the colonists. The British occuwith a native coronation will be out of pancy is, therefore, in a large measure place. Where it is inextricably en- due to the labors of Samuel Marsden tangled with pagan customs and beliefs and other early missionaries. Christit is' inevitable that it should pass with mas Day next will be the one hundredth them, but it is earnestly to be hoped anniversary of the first day on which that to the furthest extent possible all a public Christian service was held in ancient customs which are not clearly New Zealand, and it is proposed to repugnant to civilized and Christianized mark the event in that country by a feelings will be retained. But, above special series of commemorative serall, it is important that, at such a time, vices and gatherings. The centenary the transfer of responsibility is seen to celebrations will begin on December be something far more than a civil' r r, with a large public meeting in the Auckland Town HaiL On Christmas Day there will be a service of Holy

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Communion at, or near, the Marsden submitted to the voters at the next Cross-the identical spot where the election: "Religious Instruction in first service was held. Schools; Referendum Scheme of In- struction. . Provision to be made for Christian Newspaper in Borneo the reading in public schools, within school hours, of selected Bible lessons THE German missionaries in Borneo from a reading book to be provided by publish a monthly paper, under the the Education Department; such read- title Brita Bahatap, or "Good News." ing to be conducted under the super- It is said that the number of sub- vision of the public school teachers, scribers at I20 guIders grows from but no sectarian teaching to be allowed. week to week, and the native Chris- Provision to be made for religious intians send in their contributions to ap- struction to be given within school pear in the columns of the paper along- hours to children by a minister of their side that of the editors. The prospect own denomination, or by an accredited is that the publication will shortly be substitute. Any parent to have the self-supporting. Devotional articles, news right, if he chooses to do so, to withof the mission field, Bible readings, and draw his child from the Bible-reading, so forth, make up the contents month or from the religious instruction, or by month, and a number of the con- from both." tributions by natives have really been of unusual merit. That the Christians A Leper Cure in the Philippines of the island should thus speak to those of their own race and tongue is speci- W HEN the Americans went into the ally valuable. The Dayaks are strong Philippines they discovered that on poetry-of the epic kind, such as the Filipinos were not taking proper are the ancient poetic writings of care of their lepers. The Bureau of Germany and England. The longer the Health, under Dr. Victor G. Heiser, better, would seem to be their thought set aside Culion, one of a small group in their utterances-seventy stanzas of of southern islands about a day's sail six lines each is nothing special for from Manila. It had three or four them; and in these they will sing the fishing villages on it, of which the whole history of missions in the island largest was Culion village. Its inafter the manner of their old hero habitants were transferred to nearby songs. Every station and every mis- islands, and the site of the old town sionary is brought into these. The of Culion was taken for the new leper natives are specially interested in all colony. The idea of the establishing that is published concerning the outside of Culion Colony was, of course, evenworld. Particularly was this the case tually to eliminate the disease from concerning the late Turkish war, for the Philippines. Over 8,000 lepers have the paper presented true reports and been in the colony in the past eight contradicted the false ones of the Mo- years. All have come voluntarily and hammedans on the island. Even some are happy in their well-ordered colony. Mohammedans are among the readers. The clinical diagnosis of leprosy has -Evangelical Christian. become so scientific that cases are much more readily identified in incipiency. The Bible in New Zealand School. A probable cure for leprosy has been THE people of New Zealand will found in a hypodermic injection of soon be called upon to vote on a Chalmuga oil, mixed with camphor. Six referendum providing for the reading cases have been reported cured, having of the Bible in public schools. Tht' shown no signs of the disease, either following is the text of the proposal

microscopically or clinically for two lawsuits between the French and the years. Two hundred others seem prac- natives, which resulted in what he tically cured and others are undergoing considers the unjust imprisonment of treatment. a teacher and others.

There is one phase of the colony-life MISCELLANEOUS we should not have pictured of ourselves, and yet which must inevitably What Appeals to Volunteers be present as long as lepers are just human beings. That is to say, CuEon, DR. CLIFFORD of London tells of like any other community, is not sociologically ideal. It has clas's distinction, an English college which was visit.. pronouncedly, and beneficially, too, in ed by a minister seeking volunteers for a some cases. Many a leper, altho of mission-field in India. He assured the good family, enjoyed none of the bene- young men that the work was not diffifits of his station in his former manner cult, that they would live in a pleasant of life, being outcast and often isolated, society, 'have good homes, and enjoy but here he can take his proper place the services of plenty of servants. Noamong other lepers of his better-born body offered to go. But a little while class, and after the fashion of man- later another mission worker came to kind, his vastly increased importance in the school seeking men to go out to the his own eyes has its good effects upon Kongo. The places that he wanted to his health and entire outlook. He is fill were vacancies left in the force by at last Somebody-and that means much death, and the recruiting officer said to human nature. bluntly to the students: "It will most likely mean death to you, too." Imme- Perils in the New Hebrides diately six men offered themselves for service. GREAT as have been the changes OBITUARY among the people of the South Seas since Dr. John G. Paton began Dr. C. H. Daniels of Boston his life among them, there are still some places where cannibalism pre- THO it is over ten years since vails. A recent letter from Mr. Fred Rev. Charles H. Daniels, D.D., re- Paton reports that "the Malekulan bushmen have had many of their num- signed, because of failing health, from ber kidnapped by French recruiters. his active connection with the American In revenge they murdered and ate a Board, his long and particularly efficient boat's crew, and sent word to all service as Secretary is responsible for natives not to act as crews for re- the fact that his recent death seems cruiting ships. Dr. Sandilands is mis- a direct loss to that body. During the sionary of Wala and N. Malekula, fifteen years of his secretaryship-, the Some of his finest natives went to a forward movement, which provides for bush village by appointment to hold the support of individual missionaries service. The bushmen killed his four by churches and personal contributors, leading men and two boys, and ate five the system of interesting Sunday-schools of them. The rest escaped by a mir- in the work of the Board and the daily acle, one being wounded. It has been noon service of prayer at the Board a severe blow to the mission work, as Rooms were all begun. His earnest the four were outstanding men." faithfulness, his devotion to the work in all its' phases and his tact are per- Mr, Paton writes also of a volcanic haps the qualities which his colleagues outbreak on the island of Ambrin, of remember best.-Missionary Herald.

Among Baptists. By Re~. and "keeping tab on providence"

A. L. Vail, D,D. 140 pages. Amen- disapproved; can Baptist Publication Society, Phila. 50 cents, net. (5) System; while desirable, its This is one of three historical studies justification is not in the New Testa- ment passage usually quoted in favor by Dr. Vail, the other two being "The of it (1. Cor., 16:2). System is apt to Morning Hour of American Baptist "supplant spirit" and "machines replace Missions," and "Baptists Mobilized for men." Missions." The historical character of this last volume is not so marked as in (6) Simplicity (Matthew 6: 3); the other two, for there was evidently (7) Spontaneity; not so much "history" in the subject of (8) Symmetry; stewardship among Baptists as was (9) Equality. found regarding the discussion leading to the establishment of agencies for The methods tested by these prinmissionary work. The fact is revealed ciples are summarized as follows: Hapthat in the early days of religious life hazard; Competitive; Self-denial; in America Baptists did only about as Thank-offering; Fixt percentage. The well in the matter of giving as other false bases underlying these methods people. The book is really a discussion are discust and better ways are of the general problem of Christian pointed out. The author does not stewardship, and will have as much hesitate to disapprove the tithe, the interest for others as' it has for Bap- apportionment and other well-known tists. devices. The entire discussion is in- teresting and, in parts, unique. It will Dr. Vail is out of sympathy with prove stimulating to one's thought on many if not all of the modern "methods" this vita! question of stewardship. The employed for "raising money." He closing words are: tests all these methods by nine "principles" which he considers in detail as "Every church is under the most follows: strenuous responsibility to avoid every method of securing fund, which may (I) Totality; the Christian holds all seem to reputable people beneath the that he has in trust; highest standards of integrity and dig- nity; and equally to use only those (2) Personality; possessions can not methods that are respectable accordingbe separated from life-from the pos- to Christ as indicated in those prinsessor; ciples which he has announced in the New Testament. The only way of life (3) Responsibility; all giving should for a church is to give the Gospel to be in harmony with this principle as the world, and other things in strict applied to the individual and to his pro- subserviency to this service; and to ask vision for those for whom he is re- nothing from the world but repentance sponsible; toward God, faith in the Lord It-sus (4) Prosperity; giving in proportion to getting is advocated, but a rigid rule

Christ, and obedience to Him. When the basis of the obligation. He holds it goes beyond that it goes into the that there is need of a change in the mist and the mire.'" appeal to meet the attitude of modern The Gods of India. By Rev. E. Osborn thought. Many will not agree with Dr. Martin. Pp. 330. Illustrated. Price Garvie in his concessions to modern rationalistic thought, but they will sym· 4s. 6d. ]. M. Dart & SOilS, Ltd., pathize with his loyal adherence to the London and Toronto, 1914.

Rev. E. Osborn Martin, who was for claims of Christ as the Divine Savior thirteen years a Wesleyan missionary and Lord. These lectures may not be in India and Ceylon, describes the de- commended without caution, but they are velopment of Hindu mythology; the worthy of study, as presenting the introduction of the practises of pil- standpoint of the newer theological grimage, idolatry, and caste; and de- views.

votes one chapter to the Sacred Books of the Hindus. Then he deals with the Missionary Programs and Incidents. By Vedic Deities worshiped by Aryan settlers, with the Puranic Deities, the Rev. George H. Trull. 12mo. 274 pp. 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1914.

great gods and goddesses of modern Here is a gold-mine for the chairmen Hinduism; and with the worship of of missionary committees. The little sacred rivers, animals, trees, and stones, book contains valuable material and the worship of ancestors, heroes, and suggestions for programs and special demons, which attract the worship of occasions. The incidents are interesting the Hindu peasantry. stories, revealing the need for the Gos- pel, the miracles of modern mission", It is difficult for the learned Euro" the great events of missionary history, pean scholar to understand the mental the can for workers. There are sugposition of the devout Hindu, who gested programs, hymns, prayers, poems, believes the wildest and most contra- scripture and other responsive readings. dictory myths, and worships with utter The only criticism of such a book is abandon at the shrine of some strange that it leaves the missionary chairman conception of the deity. so little to do.

This volume is an interesting study of the subject, but throws no new light on our conception of Hindu gods. The Glory of the Pines. A Tale of the Ontoworship has failed to elevate the people nagon. By William Chalmers Covert. of India. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.25, lIet.

Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1914.

The Missionary Obligation. By Alfred In guise of fiction, Dr. Covert gives tiS a story of life among the lumber- E. Garvie, D.D. 12mo. 141 pp. 25., men. It is a fascinating tale and one net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1914.

Dr. Garvie, who is principle of New with a meaning. Labor and love, joy College, London, here views the mis- and sorrow, sin and salvation, an con- sionary obligation, not in the light of the tribute their quota to the living interest divine authority of the Bible, or the sal- and reality of the narrative which in vation of the heathen from hell, but in many respects reminds one of Ralph the light of modern thought concerning Connor's tales of the Selkirks. "Glory,"

the Christian religion and the social ob- the girl from Detroit, and the young ligation to all mankind. He considers minister of the little white church, and the foreign mission enterprise to be in a the lumbermen and saloon keepers- pe,-i!ous position due to waning interest, g-ood and bad-are characters 110t easily because of a change of conviction as to forgotten.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Glorious Liberty. A Hundred Years' In addition to Kentucky, various writers Work of the Jamaica Baptist Mission. discuss the general problem of home By Leonard Tucker. Illustrated. 8vo. missions, the work of the Presbyterian 168 pp. 2s., net. The Carey Press, General Assembly (South), and other London, 1914. topics. Questions on each chapter add to There are many romantic passages the value for a mission study class-book. It would be a noteworthy work if some in the history of the early days of one would compile a book giving the Christian missions in Jamaica. The conditions, needs, and work of all Protes- early days of slavery were followed tant churches in a state. by the revolt in 1832, and emancipa- tion in 1838. This record is especially Our Opportunity in the West Indies. By important as a contribution to the study B. G. O'Rorke. Illustrated. lZmo. 136 of the native church and its develop- pp. Is., net. S. P. G. House, 15 Tufton ment in self-support, self-government Street, London, 1914. and missionary extension. The Jamaica A history of the West Indies is given, Colored Baptists are to-day doing a noble work in Central America and the as weJl as a brief description of Jamaica, the Bahamas, Barbados, and other West Indies. islands. The book is packed with infor- mation, and is of particular interest to The Return of the Lord Jesus. By Rev. the members of the Anglican Church. R. A. Torrey, D.D. Paper. 12mo. 160 pn. 25 cents. Bible Institute of NOTEWORTHY ARTICLES IN OCTO- Los Angeles, California, 1914. BER MAGAZINES Like most of Dr. Torrey's writings, The most able and Christian state- this is a clear, logical, spiritual Bibli- ment concerning "The War and Mis- cal statement on the subject of our Lord's return to earth-the importance, sions" is that by Rev. J. H. Oldham the certainty, the manner, the results, the time and our attitude toward it. ill the International RevieVJ of Missions The study is instructive and practically for October. Tho written by a British subject, even the Germans could scarcely helpful. find anything to criticize in its spirit or statements. Another striking article in Silver Chimes in Syria. By Wm. S. Nel- the same number is on "Vestiges of son, D.D. Illustrated. lZmo. 195 pp. Heathenism Within the Church in the 7Sc., lIet. The -VVestminster Press, Mission Field," by Dr. Johannes War- Philadelphia, 1914. neck, missions inspector of the Rhenish These glimpses of life and work in Missionary Society.

Syria give an excellent idea of the sur- Those who are looking for a bright, roundings and experiences of a mission- readable article on Bible work will find ary in Aleppo and Tripoli-with occa- it in "Colporteurs and Common Sense," sional side trips. Little has been written in The Bible in the World (B. & F. B. on this subject, and those who have read S.), for October. "Habeeb, the Beloved" will need no urging to renew their acquaintance with the In reading what various experts have to say about "The War's Science," as author. given in the October American Review of Reviews-a notable war number-:-one Presbyterian Home Missions in Ken- is profoundly stirred by the thought of tucky. A Class-Book for Mission what would result if the Christians of the Study. Rev. I. Cochrane Hunt, Editor. world took as seriously ~e work of mis- 12mo. 263 pp. 50 cents. Transylvania sions as the nations take the business of Printing Co., Lexington, Ky., 1914. war. Not many States in America can boast The World Outlook, which promises of a text-book devoted to its missionary needs and work. The Home Mission Synod of Kentucky has set an example that other states would do well to follow.

to be an achievement in missionary jour- The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913. By Jacob Gould Schurman. Maps, 12mo, 140 pp. nalism, is to be published by the Board $1.00. net. Princeton UniveJsity Press, Princeton, 1914. c of Foreign Missions of the Methodist In the Vulgar Tongue. Popular Report Episcopal Church, beginning with De- of the British and Foreign Bible So- cember. ciety. 12mo, 135 pp. Bible House, Queen Victoria Street, London, 1914. Dr. Samuel M.Zwemer, the well-known authority on Mohammedanism, con- Battling and Building Amongst the Bhiis. tributes to The Homiletic Review a paper Illustrated, 95 pp., Is. net. Church Mis- worth reading on "The Future of Turk- sionary Society, London, 1914. ish Arabia"-a land still terra incognita to the majority of Americans. Dr. Zwe- Through Europe on the Eve of War.

mer has also a strong paper on "The A Record of Personal Experiences; Including an Account of the First United Christendom and Islam" in the current Constructive Quarterly. W orId Conference of The Chambers for International Peace. By Frederick The article on "Agricultural Training in India," by Sam Higginbottom, of Al- Lynch, D.D. 12mo, 152 pp. Church lahabad, in Men and Missions, will be a Peace Union, 70 Fifth Ave., New York, revelation to many concerning the need 1914. and value of this work as an arm of mis- The Making of Christianity. By Dr. sions. John C. C. Clarke. The Associated On missionary methods at home, Miss Authors, Inc., 35 W. 39th Street, New Gabrielle Elliot gives valuable hints in York, 1914. the Woman's Wark (for November), in A Chinese Christmas Tree. By Norman her description of "Mission Pageants," Hinsdale Pitman. Illustrated, Boards, their value, and how to run them. Prac- net, 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., tical plans are also given in that excel- Ne'w York, 1914. From Alien to Citizen. The Story of lent monthly of the Southern Presbyterians, The Missionary Survey, in My Life in America. By Edward A. "Methods for the Secretary of Litera- Steiner. Illustrated, 8vo, $1.50, net.

ture," and other articles. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, A novel side of missionary life and 1914. work is given in a brief account of "Chi- Delia, The Blue Bird of Mulberry Bend. . By Mrs. E. M. Whittemore. Illusnese Boy Scouts in Camp," by J. Randall trated, 12mo, 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Norton, in The Spirit of Missions, the Revell Co., New York, 1914.

ably edited organ of the Domestic and Immigrants in the Making. The Bohe- mians, by Edith Fowler Chase. The Foreign Missionary Society of the Prot- I talians, by Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy. estant Episcopal Church. Illustrated, 12mo, each 25 cents, net.

NEW BOOKS Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Call of the East. A Romance of 1914. Far Formosa. By Thurlow Fraser. Prince and Uncle Billy. A First Reader Illustrated, 12mo, 351 pp., $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, in Home Missions. By Charles Lin- 1914. coln White. 16mo, 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The New Life in China. By Edward Wilson Wallace. Illustrated, 12tno, 114 1914. pp. Paper cover, Is. necf. United The Little Angel of Canyon Creek. By Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. Cyrus Townsend Brady. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Work of Christ, Past, Present and Future. By A. C. Gaebelein. 16mo, 1914. 126 pP. 50 cents, postpaid. Publica- The Regeneration of New China. By tion Office, "Our Hope," 456 Fourth Avenue, New York, 1914. Nelson Bitton. Illustrated. 16mo. 282 pp. 2s., net. United Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. The Holy Land of Asia Minor. The Seven Cities of the Book of Revela- tion. Their Present Appearance, their History, their Significance, and their Message to the Church of To-day. By Rev. Francis E. Clark, D.D., LL.D. Illustrated 12mo. 154 pp. $1.00, net. Charles Scribner's Sons, New Yark, 1914.

Steps Toward Reunion. By W. G. Peel, D.D., Bishop of Mambasa, and J. J.

Willis, D.D., Bishop of Uganda. 70 pp., Is. net. Longmans, London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1911

OF THE LATE ARTH UR T. PIERSON, D.D

In college days, at 18 years, 1855 In his first pastorate, at 27 years, 1864 His latest portrait at 72, 1909 In Philadelphia pastorate, at 54, 1891 In Detroit pastorate, at 43, 1880

CJ:he §Vfiss{onary '1(eeview

of the World Published by Funk and Wa.,,<7Ilalls Company (J8&&C K. Funk, Pre8., A. W. WAgnalls, VIce-Pres., RobertI. Cuddihy, Treas., Robert SeoH, 8ec'y), 44-60 E. !3d St., New York.

VOL. XXXIV. No.8 AUGUST, 191 I VOL. XXIV. No: 8 Old Se,ies New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES~ THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE sionary question. It is to be edited The Continuation Committee of the by Mr. J. H. Oldham, the secretary. Edinburgh Conference, of which Dr. John R. Mott is chairman, met in It is generally understood that such Auckland Castle, England, as the a magazine can not be popular or guests of the Bishop of Durham, May self-supporting, but it is hoped that 16th to 19th, inclusive. A fuller re- it will prove of great value to the more port of this meeting will be in our technical students of missionary probnext number, prepared by one who lems. was present, but in the meantime it is well to note one or two features. John R. Mott was urged to devote as much time as possible to the work 1. The spirit of unity and the desire of the committee, visiting mission for a fuller manifestation of this spirit fields and promoting the work of the continued to prevail. All but 7 of the committee at home. He is remarkably 28 members were present. The com- adapted for such work, and we look mittee considered questions not of lo- for great development in united effort calor denominational interest, but and in scientific development of misthose pertaining to the world and the sionary work in the next ten years. Kingdom of God, and the church as a whole. They considered such GEORGE S. EDDY IN CHINA themes as boards of study to care for the preparation of missionaries for Mr. George Sherwood Eddy, who their work; how missionaries are to has this year joined Dr. John R. Mott stand related to national governments; in the work for students in the East, the occupation of the entire world for recently spent a week in Shanghai. Christ, etc. After visiting the cities of southern China, meetings held in the Martyrs' A second important discussion was Memorial Hall, at the Young Men'e; on the establishment of a magazine to Christian Association Building, were represent the committee and its work. crowded each night with over a thou- They decided to issue an International sand men, a picked audience of stu- Missionary Quarterly, under its own dents and leading young business men, control, to discuss the more tech- admitted by ticket only. Many were nical and scientific phases of the mis- turned away who could not obtain standing room. These men are among • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not accept responsibility for opinionE' exprest, or posi,tions taken by contributors.-D. L P. the most patriotic students in the world 400 illL[uirers were enrolled from the and are throbbing with a burning na- association, and from 12 different in- tionalism. The subjects of "Patriot- stitutions in the city, and more than a ism," "The Need of China," "The Fu- hundred men personally confest Christ.

ture of China," etc., drew large num- In the three previous cities about one bers. Several young men in China hundred men in each came out, either have recently cut off an arm or a as inquirers or converts. In the first finger to send their petitions to the college visited on the last trip about government written in their own one-third of the students who took a blood. On the night when Mr. Eddy stand have already been baptized. Ap- spoke on "Christ the Only Hope of proximately one-third still desire to China," the interest was intense, and unite with the Church, but are pre- even pathetic. When he asked those vented by their youth or by their to rise as inquirers who would prom- non-Christian parents. Perhaps a ise to test Jesus Christ by daily read- third have fallen by the wayside, or ing His life and teaching, by daily have dwindled away through the per- prayer, and by following Him accord- secution of their parents and relatives.

ing to their conscience, over three There is urgent need at this time for hundred men rose and signed cards. prayer for all these studenrs who have These men are now being followed up taken a public stand. Many will be and enlisted in Bible classes and pri- passing through a terrible ordeal, for vate study groups. In subsequent meet- a man's foes are those of his own ings, after presenting the claims of household.

Christ as Savior and Lord, over a hun- Mr. Eddy reports on every side evi- dred men rose to accept and to confess dences of growth and encouragement Him publicly. in the Christian Church in China. The Meetings were held also in the va- Boxer uprising tried to wipe out rious mission colleges of the city. In Christianity, yet the empire gained one college 40 students from non- more converts in the ten years since Christian homes con fest Christ as Sa- that uprising than in the previous 90 vior and Lord. Meetings were held years of Christian effort in China. The also in the Imperial Polytechnic Col- movement for church union is as lege, the largest government institution strong in China as in India. On every in the city, and in a neighboring city, hand educational institutions are being where 900 students, largely from gov- united, and movements are on foot for ernment schools, filled the hall. uniting some of the denominations.

The opportunity before the Young THE Y. M. C. A. IN CHINA Men's Christian Association for reach- ing government students, for whom The growth of 'the local Young practically nothing is being done by Men's Christian Association in Shang- any other body, and for attracting the hai has been phenomenal. Four years upper classes in the cities, is unique. ago the building was in course of con- In every college where Christ was pre- struction. Within four years it has be- sented and decisions were asked for, come a center of mighty activity in the there was response on the part of the heart of that great city, and the build- students. During the week more than ing has already been outgrown. Its

OF THE

membership has increased within the tures and Bible classes. In some of the four years from some 300 to over colleges in China one is glad to find a 1,600; its students in educational staff of from IO to 15 foreigners for classes from about 200 to over 600; its two or three hundred students, and staff of workers from I7 to 54, and its these are none too many. But in the annual receipts from $8,000 to $25,000, Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai, two foreign all contributed and raised locally by the secretaries and thirty able Chinese Chinese themselves. It is a testimony teachers conduct a self-supporting into the efficiency of the association that stitution with 600 students, as only one within these four years the Chinese of the minor departments. have raised for the extension of the association over $85,000. Large gifts The building was erected at a cost have been enthusiastically given, Loth of $60,000, with only two foreign secby Christians and non-Christians. The retaries supported from abroad, which Viceroy, leading officials, financiers, is the mightiest evangelistic force in and merchants in the Chinese commu- this great city among the upper classes. nity have contributed large sums for Whoever gave this building, and whothe purchase of land to enable them to ever has been supporting these men erect new buildings. The Young Men's has been making an investment which Christian Association stands as a great is multiplying at compound interest, l11ediatin~factor between the East and cl1ld which is proving a mighty force the West, between the aspirations of for the regeneration of this great young China and the benefits of Chris- empire. Within four years the prestian civilization, whi~h it has to offer ent building has been outgrown, but them. More than 25,000 young men it may accommodate a boys' branch during the year attended the various of some two thousand members. scientific lectures, socials, debates and Within the next four years the mem· entertainments in the association. The bership of the association may easily moving pictures on the life of Christ rise to a total of 5,000 in the city. To have held the record for the largest at- multipiy such buildings a:1d to place tendance, crowding the hall on many a few picked men from the West in occasions. A total of 38,000 men at- a score of provincial capitals and the tended the various religious services great centers of commerce of the Chiduring the year. More than 600 stu- nese Empire, will enabie the associadents have been enrolled in the various tion to reach government students, Bible classes, of whom more than who are to furnish the official class three-fourths are non-Christians. A for new China, the young business number of men have confest Christ men in this day of the country's comand joined the Church. More than mercial awakening, and the literati, 600 young men are in attendance at who are the brain of the empire, and the day and night schools of the who will guide its thought and life. Y. M. C. A., making it one of the lar- Doors of opportunity are flung wide gest educational institutions in the city. before Christian young men to-day, all They represent the best families in the over Asia. "In no place in the world," community, and are practically all at- says Mr. Eddy, "is there such an optending the voluntary religious lec- portunity as in Asia for the investment of prayer, of life, of wealth."

A MOHAMMEDAN MISSIONARY the two days of the week when the SOCIETY school is closed in keeping up a con- The organization of a Mohammedan tinuous evangelistic work among these Missionary Society, called "The So- villages-and this with practically no ciety for Invitation and Instruction," additional expense. The people are is announced in Cairo. Its purpose is open-minded and receptive to the Gos- the founding of a seminary in Cairo pel, and Mr. Stead, who has been in where men shall be prepared for Daulatabad making the preliminary ar- world-wide propaganda in behalf of rangements, writes that he is more and Islam. They shall proceed to heathen more imprest with the largeness of the lands and to the lands of "The Book," opportunity here presented.

i.e., of the Bible, where religious liber- SHADOW AND SUNSHINE IN ty prevails, but they shan be used also TURKEY to strengthen Mohammedans who are drifting away from Islam on account The outlook in Turkey is not altoof carelessness or of lack of instruc- gether encouraging. In parliament tion. Islam seems to be preparing for there are stormy debates over Ziona battle royal with Christianity. May ism and other racial and religious diit find us prepared! visions. Frequent changes in the min- istry, and rebellions in Albania and OPPORTUNITY IN PERSIA Arabia show an alarming instability A wonderful opening for the Gospel and weakness in the Government.

in the village of Daulatabad, some two In other ways the conditions under days distant from Ramadan, is seen the new regime have improved; some in the fact that several Moslems have political and social reforms are pro- collected I,5°O tomans-$3,75o-to gressing, and if the financial difficul- open a school which shall be entirely ties can be met, the administration may self-supporting, and have asked for yet succeed. Whatever happens, the Christian teachers. Full liberty has old conditions and methods can never been given to teach the Bible, and the be restored. It is encouraging to note request has been made that the teach- that the minister of the interior has af- ings of Christianity be included in the firmed in parliament that the policy of curriculum. Some of the leading men the Government was not one of fusion of the city are enthusiastic supporters nor of suppression of language or re- of this movement, among them being ligion; that it was not meant to make one of the prominent "Ahounds," as all the inhabitants Turks, or to fill all the Mussulman religious teachers are .the offices with Turks, but to appoint called. The founders of the school are capable officials and to seek patiently to planning to build a large, modem adjust questions of dispute.

school building very shortly, and some A fierce struggle is proceeding be- of them say they will sell part of their tween the old regime and the new.

land, if need be, to make this the best For the moment the forces of reaction school in Persia. seem to be in the ascendant. They Daulatabad is the center of a large have forced th·rough the "Committee number of villages which can be easily of Union and Progress" a program of reached, so that the missionary who ten articles described as "anti-Parlia- takes charge of this school can spend mentary, anti-Christian, and, if not fa-

natically, at all events, narrowly Is- and used. The Osman Lloyd, a weII- lamic." We had hoped that, with the known Eastern paper, which pub- downfall of Abdul Hamid, after the lishes the edict, reminds its readers experiences of his iniquitous reign, that the Arnautes are called the people Turkey would be ready for enlightened without book (Kitabsis Arnaut), be- government; but tyrannies die hard. A cause, so goes the legend, their fore- lady writing from Montenegro to the fathers once hid his book in a head of Westminster Gazette describes how cabbage, and a cow came and devoured she had seen a large village in Albania cabbage and book together. "Since burned by Turkish soldiers, and the that time the Arnautes have remained three Christian churches wrecked, 'without book,' and are to-day almost while the mosques were left alone. entirely illiterate."

Twenty years ago Dr. J. K. Greene PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN NICA- RAGUA had the privilege of showing the sights of Constantinople to an American The Moravian Missions-blatt contraveler who had introduced himself as tains in its June number a most inone interested in missions. At the end teresting and important statement conof the day this stranger told Dr. cerning the attitude of the Government Greene that he had been much inter- of Nicaragua toward religion, from ested in the need of a church building which we translate the following. Acat Gedik Pasha and begged to place on cording to the newspaper, El Commerdeposit $5,000 for the new church cia, of February II, I9II, the Conbuilding. Since that year, 1890, the gress of Nicaragua is composed of beeffort has never been relaxed to se- tween 30 and 40 members, of whom cure permission to build that church. only one, Mr. A. W. Hooker, is a Only now has the permission been re- Protestant. At the meeting, of which ceived. The head of the Mohammedan El Commercia wrote, "the recognimosque said, "Far be it from me to op- tion of religion in Nicaragua" was the pose in any way the building of a order of the day. The Roman Cathohouse for the worship of God in this lics proposed the following resolution: place." The leaders of the Gregorian "The religion of the republic is the and Greek churches were equally cor- Catholic, Apostolic, Roman religion. dial. There is a great contrast be- It is prohibited to limit the liberty or tween this attitude and that under Ab- the legal rights of the Catholic Church. dul Hamid. The exercise of other religions must PROGRESS IN ALBANIA not be hindered so long as they are Halil Bey, the Secretary of the In- not opposed to Christian morality and terior in Turkey, has issued an edict public order." The liberal government concerning the reopening of the declared, however, that equal rights schools in Albania, which is of high- must be granted to all denominations, est importance for the cause of Chris- saying, "the Moravos are our brethren, tian missions. The:se schools were who worship Jesus, only in different closed because they had used text- form, and whose religious principles books printed with Latin letters. In must be respected and guaranteed by future all books, except the Koran and us." It therefore moved to give the the catechism, may be printed thus Moravian Church the legal rights of a

person. The Protestant member of second statement is even more pro· Congress, Mr. Hooker, asked that not foundly a cause of thanksgiving. only the Moravian Church, but all "These men told me that within a year Protestant churches be granted legal rum selling would be prohibited. They rights. After much discussion a reso- went away this morning with a very lution was passed which was very simi- favorable impression of the work of lar to that proposed by the Roman the missions." Catholics, to which was added, "The churches of other denominations shall Everywhere in that district there is have legal rights and full liberty." This an eagerness to learn to read. On a reads well upon paper, but the future recent journey the chief of a village will show if such liberty of the Protes- formally made request for a teacher tant churches is possible so long as and the opening of a school, offering the Roman Catholics are the leaders. to build at his own expense houses for the school and teacher. Ten young PORTUGUESE SLAVERY DOOMED IN men from that village have bought AFRICA primers and are trying to learn to read by themselves. Last year we mentioned the slavery which persisted in the Portuguese USING WASTE MATERIAL colonies on the West Central coast of Africa. Many have been praying that The World's Sunday-school Assoin some way the conscience of Portu- ciation has undertaken a new and exgal might be stirred and this crime tremely practical form of missionary against humanity might be stopt. work in organizing a "Department for A letter dated April 7, 1911, from Mr. Utilizing Waste Material." The su- Woodside, of the American Board, perintendent is Rev. Samuel D. Price, shows a new and more encouraging of Chicago, and the object is to gather attitude and outlook, for which we things from those who have excess, are thankful. He says: and distribute them to those who have need. Many missionaries can use to "We have had with us for the past great advantage in their work the two days a couple of Portuguese offi- things which others throwaway. This cials. They are a commission sent by work of gathering and distributing is the new Governor General of Loanda growing rapidly. The names of misto put a stop to the slave trade. Word, sionaries have been sent to over 1,000 it seems, had been sent some time ago Sunday-schools or individuals, and that there was to be no more slave many more requests are corning from dealing. These men came to see if the mission fields than can be supplied. that order was being heeded. They Books, pictures, illustrated papers, visited all the mission stations in Bihe, maps, Bibles, lantern-slides, Sundaygiving to each missionary a list of school exercises, scrap-books, postalquestions they were asked to answer cards, and numberless other things in writing. They asked if we knew that have served their purpose at horne any white man who had bought slaves, may be still more greatly used in other whether we knew of any officials con- fields. Send a line of inquiry to Rev. niving at it, or whether we knew any Samuel D. Price, 805 Hartford Buildwhite man abusing the natives." A ing, Chicago, Ill.

TAPPAN PIERSON AND HIS WIFE} FRANCES BENEDICT

A characteristic portrait taken about 1901 ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON: HIS LIFE AND HIS MESSAGE MANY-SIDED VIEWS OF THE LATE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CONTRIBUTED BY FRIENDS AND COWORKERS The name and writings of Arthur T. artist of no small ability. A few knew Pierson are known all over the world, him as above all a friend in the day of but the man himself was only appre- trouble or a wise adviser in time of ciated by a few. Noone knows a man perplexity, and some who saw him in but his Maker, and yet many may gain the social circle and the home rememglimpses of the real man from various ber Doctor Pierson as the devoted angles. It is thus a composite portrait husband and father, the man of home that most clearly and faithfully pre- love and friendly fellowship. None sents the character and work of the who came into any close contact with man as he really is and not merely as him ever doubted his honesty, ability, the individual sees him. or fidelity to the truth at whatever the cost to himself. Those who knew him To some Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was best recognized in him two great pasonly a flaming advocate of missions- sions that overshadowed all else-even the "Nestor of Foreign Missions," as love of home and family-first, an inone calls him. To another he was the tense love and loyalty to the Word of enthusiastic Bible student and the zeal- God, and a desire to know, teach and ous champion of Biblical inspiration. follow God's revealed will; second, an One saw him chiefly as an eloquent overwhelming desire to see the Kingpreacher, another as a gifted writer; dom of God extended throughout the some knew him as a musician and a world, and a passion to use voice and lover of music; others, as a poet or an

pen and money to help carry out the life-work. 2. Second, his period as a great commission of Christ. These preacher, with a desire to serve and two passions, that are so closely re- excel as a Biblical and literary master lated and yet are sometimes unfortu- of sermon writing and delivery. This nately divorced, set the heart and soul period closed with the burning of of the man on fire, and he was willing the Fort Street Church in Detroit in and anxious to burn himself out in 1876, when he gave up literary preachtheir cause. ing for extemporaneous, evangelistic and expository speaking. 3. Third, Hi. Life Hiatory was the period of growing missionary zeal from 1876, when he offered to Doctor Pierson's life-history may be head a band of men to go into some divided into five periods: 1. First, his home missionary field and establish a days of preparation when at home, at Christian colony. During this time he school, at college, and in the theo- published his great "Trumpet Call;' logical seminary, God trained him in ways, seen and unseen, for his great DR. AND MRS. PIERSON, THEIR CH[LDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN*'

First row: Pierson Curtis, Mrs. Edith Pierson Evans, Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, Miss Anna W. Pierson, Arthur T. Pierson, Mrs. Jean Maclaughlan Pierson, Dr. Farrand B. Pierson.

Second row : Grace Curtis, Thomas S. Evans and Louise Evans, Mrs. Emma Belle Dougherty Pierson, Mrs. Helen Pierson Curtis, Mrs. A. T. Pierson, Ruth Evans, Miss Laura W. Pierson.

Third row: Gordon Curtis, Delavan L. Pierson, Ralph Curtis, Arthur Farrand Pierson. • This picture was taken at Northfield, Mass., in 1906. The only absent member -of the family was Miss Louise B. Pierson, who died while a missionary in India.

TAPPAN

the "Crisis of Missions," a book that knew that God hates all lying and dehad much to do with the great awa- ceit. This was one ground for his kening of the Church to wide mission- firm faith in the integrity of the scripary responsibility. 4. Fourth, was the tures. This characteristic often led period of international ministry when, him to say apparently harsh and unin 1891, he gave up stated salary and local pastorates to devote himself to A DRAWING BY DR. PIERSON wider work in America and England. 5. Fifth, there came in the closing ten A page from the golden·wedding volume pre· or fifteen years of his life a greater em- pared by Dr. Pierson for his wife in 1910. BeM phasis on more spiritual Bible study, neath the …drawing is the following verse, referring and a holier, more spiritual life. to their early married life: There was in the closing twenty-five years also a noticeable mellowing of Our home was humble, income smaU; character and a sweetening of disposi- Sometimes we had no cash at alI; tion that the earlier strenuous years of conflict against evil and struggle for And we were "up a tree!" mastery had retarded or obscured. But there was still a place to sleep> With clothes to wear and food to keep, Doctor Pierson was during all his life a hard worker, and the achievements And, once in a while, a "fee" 1 which many ascribed to unusual gifts were in reality due to unusual indus- kind things, but it was a surgeon's try. It was his custom to rise every kindness that pointed out the disease morning at 5 :30 or 6 :00 o'clock, in and desired to effect a cure. This also order that he might devote an hour led him to painstaking accuracy in the and a half or two hours to prayer smallest details, including sermoniand personal Bible study. It was dur- zing, Bible study, cash accounts, and ing these hours that he gained his letter-writing. Accuracy was a pasdeep insight into spiritual truth that sion with him, and wherever he was gave to his testimony and interpreta- led astray it was by trusting too much tion the ring of certainty and author- in the accuracy of others. ity. Every moment of the day was as conscientiously used, as were talents, strength and money-not in a parsimonious, solemn spirit, but as a good steward whose Master desired the health and happiness of his son and servant as well as his faithful service.

His Chief Characteristics Perhaps the three chief characteristics of Doctor Pierson, as viewed by his son, were first, his unswerving fidelity to truth and righteousness. He had no patience with fraud or falsehood of any kind. He believed in the absolute faithfulness of God, and

A second characteristic was his money, but to give a message to others. childlike simplicity of spirit. Only Here is the list: those who knew him best recognized this. Absolute faith in other men and Missions women sometimes led him astray, but one could deceive him only once; faith THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. 1886. when shaken was with great difficulty THE DIVINE ENTERPRISE OF MISSIONS. 189l. restored. Trades people found in THE MIRACLES OF MISSIONS. (4 volumes.) Doctor Pierson a confiding customer, whom at times they might overreach 1891-190l. once, but his confidence was so genu- THE NEW ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. 1894. ine and friendly that they seldom took THE MODERN MISSION CENTURY. 1901. advantage of him. His judgment was also so good, as a rule, and his sense FORW ARD MOVEMENTS OF THE LAST HALF of stewardship was so strong that in business, as in theology, he usually CENTURY. 1900. succeeded. THE GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD. The third prominent characteristic that we may note was his self-deny- Bible Study and Apologetics ing generosity. Doctor Pierson never sought things for himself. It was his MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. 1886. delight to give-money, time, talents, PAPERS FOR THINKING PEOPLE. 1892. influence, life-all were at the disposal of others. He would be as THE GORDIAN KNOT. 1892. pleased as a child if he could buy a IN CHRIST JESUS. 189B. suit of clothes at a bargain in order GOD'S LIVING ORACLES. 1904. that he might give more largely to THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL LIFE. 190B. God's work or to a brother in need. Giving was his one extravagance-i f THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL CRITICISM. 1905. it might be so termed. For years it THE ACTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. 1895. has been the custom of Doctor Pierson and his wife on their birthdays STUMBLING STONES REMOVED. 1895. and anniversaries to make presents to others. Their joy was to increase LESSONS IN THE SCHOOL OF PRAYER. the joy of others, to save in order that they might give. Even the money THE ONE GoSPEL. 1889. spent on themselves was not for lux- KNOWING THE SCRIPTURES. 1910. ury or personal comfort but in order KEYS TO THE WORD. 1887. that they might be enabled to do more THE INSPIRED WORD. 1888. efficient work. Spiritual Life and Sermons As an Author THE KESWICK MOVEMENT. 1903. The great industry of Doctor Pier- SHALL WE CONTINUE IN SIN? 1897. son is shown in the n"!arly fifty books THE MAKING OF A SERMON. 1907. that he wrote during his lifetime. THE HEART OF THE GoSPEL. 1892. These cover many themes, but each THE HEIGHTS OF THE GOSPEL. 1893. THE HOPES OF THE GOSPEL. 1896. one was written, not for fame or THE COMING OF THE LORD. 1896. GODLY SELF-CONTROL. 1909. THE SPIRITUAL CLINIQUE. 1909.

THE SPIRIT'S VOICE TO THE CHURCHES.

THE BELIEVER'S LIFE.

LOVE IN WRATH.

LIFE POWER. 1895.

Biography GEORGE MULLER, OF BRISTOL. 1899. JAMES WRIGHT, OF BRISTOL. 1906. CATHARINE, OF SIENNA. 189B. SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. 1897.

General SEED THOUGHTS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS. 1900. THE DIVINE ART OF PREACHING. 1892.

EVANGELISTIC WORK IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTISE. 1887. A VOLUME OF SERMONS (NEW). 1911.

ANSWERED PRAYER.

THE BIBLE IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC.

HOPE, THE LAST THING IN THE WORLP.

IN FULL ARMOUR.

THE CORONATION HYMNAL. 1894.

The suggestion as to a permanent and fitting memorial to Dr. Pierson will be found in the editorial notes (page 617). Friends will find it of interest.

ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON 57

The Early and Later Day. of the Presbyterian Church at Sing Sing, I was the successor of Rev. BY REV. WILSON PHRANER, D.O. John P. Lundy, who was his brother- in-law. having married his eldest sis- A former pastor and teacher of Dr. Pierson, and ter. For some time during the later a lifelong friend-now ninety years of age. years of his preparation for college, My recollections of our beloved DR. :PIERSON'S PARENTS friend extend back to the early period of his childhood and youth. He was Sally Ann Wheeler Pierson and Joseph H. Pierson born in the city of New York on March 6, 1837. I was first introduced Arthur Pierson was a member of my to him on the first Sabbath of May, congregaton. In 1857, at the age of 1843, when he, a lad of six years, was twenty, he was graduated from Hambrought by his sister to the Sabbath- ilton College, and then took his theoschool of Old Spring Street Church, logical course at Union Theological New York, of which I was then super- Seminary, New York, from which he intendent. The boy was placed in the was graduated in 1860, and was liinfant class, and as I entered the censed by the Presbytery of New church after Sabbath-school his York and ordained as an evangelist. mother met me and said: "Did my little boy Arthur join your school to- After supplying a church at Winday?" "Yes," I replied. Never will sted, Conn., and his marriage to Miss I forget the expression on the moth- Sarah Frances Benedict of New York er's face as she said: "Be sure you on July 12, 1860, he accepted a call make a Christian of him. I want all to the Congregational Church of Bingmy children to be Christians and to hamton, N. Y. For three years he live honorable, useful lives." labored there with much acceptance, I knew Arthur Pierson during his early school-days, and I taught him his Latin and Greek in the Mount Washington Institute, New York. I was then completing my studies in the Seminary. In his boyhood days Arthur Pierson was unusually bright and cheery, and gave promise of the brilliant future which was before him. He was studious in his habits, quick to learn, and remarkably intelligent and ambitious to win the approbation of his teachers. At the age of fifteen he made profession of his faith in Christ, and even in his boyhood was earnest and active as a Christian disciple. He first became a member of the Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Church, then under the charge of Rev. Dr. Samuel D. Burchard.

When I went in 1850 to take charge

and here his two eldest daughters a brilliant and powerful extemporanewere born. In 1863 he resigned to ous speaker. After thirteen years in Detroit, he was for one year pastor of 'Tll E C}lURCH AT BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK the Second Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, and from there went to Pastor, 1860·1863 the Bethany Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. This is the church of which the Hon. John Wanamaker is still a ruling elder and superintendent of the large Sabbath-school. Here, in a needy part of the city and in the midst of a very large number of young people, Dr. Pierson found a congenial field of labor, and here he did some of the best work in his life. He felt that he was adapted to the field, and with great earnestness and efficiency he prosecuted his work and gathered a rich and precious harvest into the Kingdom.

In 1888 he made his second trip abroad to England and the Continent, accept a call to the Presbytel'ian THE CHURCH AT WATERFOR~. NEW YORK Church of Vaterford, N. Y., where he spent six years in an active and Pastor, 1863·1869 useful ministry. I well remember having exchanged pulpits with him and the same year he became, at the during this period, and I learned from urgent request of Dr. Royal G. Wilder, his people that he was very highly esteemed and his work was greatly appreciated by his congregation and by the community. In 186<) he was called to the Fort Street Presbyterian Church of Detroit, Mich ., accepted . and there spent thirteen years (186<) to 1882). Here he grew in strength and his influence in the church was greatly extended. In 1876 his church edifice burned down, and for sixteen months he preached in the Opera I-louse. It was at this time that he was led to lay aside his manuscript, the use of which he never afterward resumed. It is no doubt largely due to this fact that he became so noted as

19II ] ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON

the editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Pierson as the results of this visit, and 01<' THE VVORLD. While always and in we hoped for new inspiration and imc all his pastorates he showed his in- pulse to the great cause of foreign terest in the work of missions, yei missions. The results of his personal this work grew upon him as the years observation, his fellowship with his went by, until he became so absorbed missionary brethren, and of the field in it that he was willing to devote his life and energies to the promotion of THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, INDIANAPOLIS the interests of this great cause. He took up the work of advocating the Pastor, 1882-1883 cause of missions with great enthusiasm, and to the end of his life it and the work would have been most largely absorbed his attention. His cordially welcomed, but God has in ruling passion, as one has well said, His infinite wisdom ordered otherwas the "evangelization of the world," wise. Our friend was not permitted and he became an expert and an au- to carry out his full purpose. Early thority upon the subject of foreign in his journey he was taken ill, and missions, having a larger and fuller was only able to visit the Hawaiian acquaintance with the subject than al- Islands and Japan and Korea. He remost any man of his day. turned home, and after a brief period of suffering he passed to the larger life During his several visits abroad he in the Better Land beyond. He did was preacher at the Metropolitan not regret having gone on this visit Tabe.rnacle for two years, and he to the foreign field. filled· the same position in Christ's Church, London, for two different Thus ended, at the age of seventyterms. He was the Exeter Hall lec- four, an unusually earnest, active, effiturer on Bible Study at three different times, and also gave the Duff Missionary Lectures in Scotland in 1893. After returning to America he annually lectured at Northfield in the Moody Schools and Conferences, and men and women gathered from far and wide to hear him. It was largely through his influence that the Student Volunteer movement was founded in Mount Hermon in 1886, and he was the author of the watchword.

Dr. Pierson's lectures and missionary sermons in many churches made his influence widely felt in behalf of worldwide missions. It was his deep interest in this subject which led him to undertake a personal visit to the foreign missionary field. Much was anticipated by the many friends of Dr.

cient and useful life. Few men have Hi. Student Life been able to make their influence on behalf of the blessed Gospel so widely BY REV. DELAVAN L. LEONARD, D.D. felt. By his preaching, his missionary lectures. his articles in THE MISSION- A college-mate and lifelong friend and coworloer ARY REVIEW, and by his numerous books he reached and quickened and My first meeting with Arthur T. helped vast multitudes of his fellow Pierson occurred in October of 1855 -a little over fifty-and-five years ago. He had then just entered his junior year in Hamilton College, at Clinton, THE BETHANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND SUNDAY-SCHOOL} PHILAD&LPHIA Pastor, 1883·1891 men in many parts of the world. Sure- N. Y., and I a few hours before had ly such a life was worth living, and arrived upon the campus, an utter those of us who survive and who per- stranger, to begin my studies as a sonally knew and loved and appre- freshman. After supper, as I was ciated his character and work, as standing upon the steps of South Colwell the Church and world at large, lege, at the entrance of one of the have reason to thank God for giving halls, taking in my new surroundings to his Church in our time this emi- (and opprest by more than a touch nently earnest and useful servant of of loneliness and homesickness), a the Gospel. "Blessed are the dead who student came up with extended hand, die in the Lord from henceforth. Yea, inquired my name and gave his. With saith the Spirit, that they may rest the utmost cordiality he invited me to from their labors and their works do his room, which happened to be upon follow them." the third floor above mine. There, al-

TAPPAN' PIERSON

most at once, we well-nigh literally only for illustration, or to lend force "fell" into a friendship and intimacy to what was said. Certain always to unmatched by any other in my life. have something to say which was well I had come from a farm in Western worth hearing, he was also certain to New York, was clad in plainest attire, say it in such a way as to hold the my face sunburnt and my hands hard- attention of the hearer. Tho at gradu- ened with toil; while he was city ation he was as yet scarcely out of born and bred, and arrayed in gar- boyhood, being less than twenty, at ments which both for quality and style various points the evidence was con- far surpassed anything I had ever clusive that, should he live. his achieve- seen! Tho a member of the junior ments were destined to be far more class, from the first he treated me as than ordinary. None who knew him an equal, and appeared to desire my well in college were surprized when he friendship. That first evening in par- was invited to fill various promment ticular I was fairly stunned by my pulpits. even to the one made world- new friend's musical ability, both vocal famous by its connection with the and instrumental, as with voice and name of Spurgeon.

nimble fingers upon his melodeon he Naturally, his ability as an author rendered divers hymn-tunes and an- was not surmized in college days; but thems not only, but also passages from it is mainly through his writings that this and that oratorio and opera. The he will be remembered longest and by fellowship thus begun continued until the largest number. His monument is his graduation two years afterward, found in the pages of the twenty-two and again for a year in Union Theo- volumes of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW logical Seminary. and his books, which number nearly As a student Arthur Pierson was half a hundred.

really brilliant in many points. He stood well in all his classes, and came A Classmate'. Tribute within one of carrying off the highest BY REV. WILLIAM J. ERDMAN, D.D.

honors at graduation. This mark of A classmate and a lifelong friend intellectual genius was his: what In this brief tribute of love and es· many were able to gain and wield teem, I would call attention to the only after a severe tug for hours, he special preparation for his life work would grasp quickly-almost by intu- as a wonderful instance and iIlustra· ition. His memory also was phenom- tion of a divine purpose and ordering. enal; all his intellectual possessions Such preparation was both intellecseemed to be ready for use whenever tual and spiritual. wanted. To me, who knew Arthur T. Pier- On the platform, before an audi- son intimately for over fifty years, he ence, he was found at his best. now stands out in clearest light as one Scarcely ever did he approach a fail- who possest phenomenal abilities and ure or fail to please and edify. His varied acquirements, which he had form and presence were attractive, his consecrated wholly to the service and voice was musical, with seemingly glory of his Lord and Savior.

limitless reserves of power; his ges- His mental equipment was remark· tures were graceful, and were meant able. It was distinguished by quick-

ness of apprehension, tenaciousness of and luminous statements and cogent memory, clarity of judgment in mat- arguments so characteristic of his ters literary and logical, and an artis- writings and public discourses. The tic sense of harmony and proportion, Spirit of God fused and minted all which imparted to his style and char- into the new coin of the heavenly acteristics so distinctive that his wri- realm. tings were easily recognized by his constant readers. In brief, Dr. Pierson was thus pre- pared in earlier years for the great He had a power of accurate and di- mission to which God called and forerect utterance in his public addresses ordained him. It was no common man which made it possible to follow him who for two years, without loss to the with ease through the most elaborate church of its prestige or power, took arguments. Altho he was a genius, up the work of Charles H. Spurgeon brilliant, bold, fertile in imagination in his world-commanding pulpit; who and comprehensive in knowledge, he later lectured before thousands in Exwas noted for tireless industry and eter Hall, and in the cities of Great painstaking in the accumulation and Britain, and who always met most methodical arrangement of his knowl- acceptably the intellectual and spiritual edge. He was a signal illustration of requirements of the Keswick Conventhe oft-quoted definition of a scholar tions and Northfield Conferences. -"one who knows something of everything, and everything of some- In all such places, as well as in his thing"; and in his case, through a publications, there was the bold afdeep, purifying, spiritual experience, firmation of unworldly, evangelical that "something," of which he would truth. It was not possible for him to know everything, became the Sacred falter in his testimony to the need and Scriptures and Foreign Missions. power of the gospel "of Christ and Him crucified" to save men of every This spiritual change and conse- nation; he had been too mightily conquent consecration of all his powers vinced of the supernatural origin of to the service of the Lord took place the Scriptures, and of the weakness during his pastorate in Detroit, Mich. and unwisdom of an all-accommodat- In addition to other causes, it was due ing liberalism. in great measure to the testimony of Major D. W. Whittle, who was then His belief in the premillennial comengaged in evangelistic labors in that ing of our Lord to close "this present city. In this crisis of his life his am- evil age" with judgment and to open bition became sanctified and was di- the blessed age to come, was firmly rected into the ways which led to a held and positively taught. great ministry of world-wide blessing. His departure to be with Christ has In the multiform testimony and made a great vacancy among the leadteaching of his addresses and books it ers of the Church at home and abroad; is clearly evident how the facts and but all fellow workers and Christians truths gathered through many years in many lands must thank God for the from various realms of human knowl- life and ministry of this faithful servedge and achievement, now served for ant of Christ, and earnest contender the making of those felicitous phrases for "the faith which was once for all delivered unto the saints."

TAPPAN PIERSON

In the Detroit Pastorate ing less than brilliant. But his style of BY ELISHA A. FRASER, ESQ. preaching was entirely changed. The A friend and member of the Detroit Church largest opera-house in the city was Ifhen Arthur Tappan Pierson, a engaged for preaching services. Peoyoung man, not many years out of the ple of all denominations thronged to seminary, became pastor of the Fort Street Presbyterian Church forty-two years ago, he immediately became dis- tinguished as the preacher of sermons far out of the ordinary for their liter- ary style and scholarly finish. These classical productions attracted large congregations. His fame spread abroad. Visitors from other cities quite generally availed themselves, when in Detroit, of the privilege of hearing his discourses. He was in constant demand on special occasions throughout the State. It is not at all surprizing that the young man, flat- tered by such admiration, should be somewhat ambitious to make his ser- mons and addresses still more literary.

He subsequently states that such was the fact.

On the roth of November, A.D.

1876, the Fort Street Presbyterian Church was destroyed by fire. This was a structure of the Gothic type, of surpassing beauty, the pride of its pastor, the admiration of all beholders.

It was a sermon in stone. For more THE FORT STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, DETROIT than two decades the passing mil- Pastor, 1869·1882 lions had gazed upon it, to be forever hear the Gospel preached by Doctor after better men and women for the Pierson, and many came who had not beautiful vision that spoke to them of been accustomed to attend any relig- the Source of all beauty. The destruc- ious services. He laid aside his writ- tion of this building made a profound ten sermons, and without notes, look- impression upon the brilliant occupant ing squarely into the eyes of his audi- of its pulpit, and he afterward de- tors, delivered some of the most con- clared that it marked an epoch in his vincing and powerful sermons it has life. He gave up preaching for liter- ever been my pleasure and profit to ary effect, and his motto henceforth hear. The result was one of the great- was, "W0 is unto me if I preach not est religious revivals our city has the Gospel." Not that his sermons ever experienced. Scores of converts were less brilliant. He could be noth- were added to many of the churches

of all denominations in Detroit. Some to his persuasion for all good causes, of our most prominent and influential and their response was generous.

men date their conversion to a Chris- Doctor Pierson was invariably in tian life to those Opera House serv- Presbytery and Synod always facile ices. princeps. On one occasion, when as Doctor Pierson had no narrow con- a delegate I accompanied him to Syn- ception of his sphere of duty. He was od, the State University at Ann Arbor interested in the civic affairs of De- was under discussion, and some of the troit. and his voice was frequently delegates were denouncing the insti- heard in condemnation of the wrong tution as irreligious. The sons and and commendation of the right. All daughters of many Presbyterian fam- religious movements to advance the ilies were there, and I can distinctly cause of the Master received his en- recall Doctor Pierson's eloquent decla- dorsement without regard to creed or ration that if the facts were as stated, party politics: then there was a field for missionary He was one of the leaders in the labor at Ann Arbor. Steps were imme- founding of the Detroit Presbyterian diately taken with that end in view, and Alliance, an organization which united this resulted, under the leadership of all the Presbyterian churches of the Dr. Wallace Radcliffe (Dr. Pierson's city for the purpose of extending successor) in the establishment of Christian work. Largely through this the Tappan Presbyterian Association, agency the number of Presbyterian which now has buildings and other· churches in Detroit have been quin- property at Ann Arbor worth more tupled. than fifty thousand dolIars and a pro- He was influential in his own church spective endowment of one hundred in securing large contributions to all thousand dollars. This institution has good causes, and especially made his now its own student-pastor to look congregation conspicuous as one of after the religious welfare of about the best contributors to Home and eight hundred Presbyterian students in Foreign Missions. His church-mem- attendance at the University of Michibership was wealthy and influential. gan in Ann Arbor. Other denomina- Zachariah Chandler, then United tions emulating this example are doing States Senator, and Russell A. Alger, a like service for their students at the afterward United States Senator, and same institution. Similar work is also both subsequently members of presi- being done at other State universities dential cabinets at Washington, and throughout the Union. both likewise prominently mentioned as candidates for President of the The fourteen years of Dr. Pierson's United States, were regular members pastorate were fruitful in so many di- rections that it would be impossible to trace in this brief article. Our city of his congregation. James F. Joy, and State are living on a higher plane known throughout the Union as the because of his sojourn with us. To promoter and builder of railroads, elaborate would require a volume. His with judges, lawyers, men of all pro- influence in the labor of these years fessions and merchant princes, was shall go on widening for all time.

one of the trustees. Such men yielded "Blessed are the dead which die in the

Lord . . . their works do follow As a Miuionary Advocate them." Elder E. C. Walker once designated this pastorate as "the Gold- BY ROBERT E. SPEER en Age" of our church. A friend and spiritual son In the month of February, A.D. 1899, we celebrated the fiftieth anni- It is a privilege to be permitted to versary of the Fort Street Church. bear testimony to the influence which Doctor Pierson was present and de- Dr. Pierson exerted upon the mission- livered a stirring and elegant address. ary thought and life of his day. He wrote a Jubilee Hymn, which was sung on that occasion, one which we He was one of the great seers of the treasure as one of our most valued world vision. Early in his ministry possessions: he lifted up his eyes and looked upon the field, and as he looked he saw The Jubilee Hymn that it extended far beyond Bingham- ton, Waterford, Detroit, Indianapolis, o God, we adore Thee, and worship be- Philadelphia-that it embraced the whole world. There are many still fore Thee, who do not see this or who, thinking Thy praise tunes the harps of the they see it, are nevertheless dominated by preferences which split up the heavenly throng; world and postpone the claims of Thy love is eternal, Thy glory supernal; parts of it until other parts have been first supplied, or condition the offer Accept our thanksgiving and jubilant of the Gospel to some for whom Christ song. died upon its prior acceptance by others for whom He died no more. Thy mercy has led us, Thy Goodness has But Dr. Pierson saw the world whole, fed us, and thenceforward he Jived and wrought for the evangelization of it Thy Pillar has guided our wandering all, America and England, France and feet; Russia equally with China, India and Africa, and these equally with those. Thy wisdom has taught us, and now This world view profoundly affected Thou has brought us his conception of the Gospel and of Christ. It gave him a gospel as great In festal assembly, rejoicing to meet. as all humanity and a Christ greater than humanity. The view which men For fifty years cherished, this church has take of Christ is determined largely not perished, by the work they expect of Him. If all that is expected is an ethical ex- For Thou has upheld from the days of ample, the person of Christ con- its youth; tracts to that expectation. When men had a deep sense of sin and realized The lamp is yet shining, the light not that the work which must be done declining, for them was a work which only the Eternal in the flesh could do, then the The Flame still supplied with the oil person of Christ expanded and men of Thy truth. saw in Him their glorious God. Dr.

Some passing Death's portals, have joined the immortals, At home in the Church of the First- born above; Their worship inspiring, the:ir service untiring, Where day knows no night, and where life is all Love.

Our Jubilee meeting is rapidly fleeting, And pathways, unknown and untrod- den, to trace; Go Thou, Lord, before us; be Thy ban- ner o'er us, Till gathered at last to the praise of Thy grace.

Pierson had the great view of Christ pressure of this conception in full which a profound sense of sin and of power. It was looking and hoping sin's awfulness and of the wonder of for the second coming of Christ, and sin's forgiveness and defeat gives to a that great expectation filled it with man. But he had an even greater the earnestness and eagerness and in- view of Christ, for to the immensity tensity which came from its convic- of the work which he saw Christ do- tion that its enterprise was practicable ing in a single soul in dealing with and that it might and must make ready sin, was added the immensity of the for the coming of the Son of Man.

work which he saw Christ was to do Dr. Pierson held in this regard the for the world in destroying its sin, and Apostolic expectation. He did not by His Own promises and in His own fix the time of our Lord's return, just time, bringing in His world kingdom. as the New Testament writers did These views of the world as the ob- not, but he knew that the Christian's ject of Christ's love and redeeming proper attitude, if he is to be faithful grace, and as the field of the Church's to his Lord, is the attitude of vigilant mission, gave him a Gospel adequate preparedness. "Watch, therefore, for to the needs of each human soul and at such an hour as ye think not, the of our home lands. He early per- Son of Man cometh." But it was mt ceived that an English Gospel can from the Apostolic hope alone that he not save England or a single Eng- drew this spirit, altho the connection lishman, that the only Gospel which is between Christ's second coming and adequate to any local need is the uni- world evangelization, was to him, as versal Gospel, and that the sooner and it is to many, a Scriptural principle; the more fully we offer it to every it was also from his study of the creature, the richer and more massive world's need of the Gospel, from the will be its appeal and its ministry to New Testament representation of the each creature. A Gospel which is as salvation of Christ as the only salva- busy saving China as it is in saving tion, from the rapid movements of the Scotland will the sooner and more ef- world's life, from the opening of all fectively save both. He saw this, and doors, from the challenging successes his evangelistic message, which was of mission work, from the peril of ever fresh and effective, was indis- ~piritual clec1ens,ion and poverty at solubly bound to his missionary mes- home, if the primary duty of the sage. And conversely, he realized that Church was neglected. All these and the Gospel which is to be able to cross other considerations combined to fill wide seas and make an impact on him with an eager energy for imme- heathen lands must have an enormous diate efforts to carry the Gospel to the momentum, which can only be given whole world. The founders of the re- to it at home, and which must be given form missionary enterprise struck this to it here, if it is not to arrive with same note of immediacy. The evan- spent vitality. gelization of the world in their gener- In the second place, Dr. Pierson was ration was the noble dream of the one of the first to bring back into the early missionaries to the Sandwich missionary idea the conception of im- Islands. But for a generation or more mediacy. The early Church felt the the note of urgency had died low. Now

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it has sounded forth again loud and with incident and anecdote and fact.

clear. It was the dominant note at It ranged the whole world of life and Edinburgh, and to many that rich and all literature for its material, and it almost ecumenical reassertiOll of the fused all the material into a red and immediacy of our missionary duty wa"s contagious glow. There was always but the full and rounded utterance of the peril in such an apologetic of over- the message of which Dr. Pierson and strain, of seeing things in dispropor- a few others were the lonely voices tion, of startling the reader by taking in the wilderness, a quarter of a cen- hidden aspects and setting them in too turyago. brilliant a light, but these are the "The Crisis of Missions" was the perils of all propagandas, and if there book in which Dr. Pierson put his ap- was room for differences of spiritual peal-crisp, sharp, arousing. Hun- interpretation, nevertheless, the effort dreds of present-day advocates of mis- was always made to present facts and sions got their first inspiration "from to be sure that they were facts. In that "book. Some mission boards dis- public speech no men excelled Dr.

tributed it gratuitously to all minis- Pierson, Dr. A. J. Gordon and Dr.

ters of their denomination who would Ellinwood in presenting the new apol- promise to preach sermons on it. ogetic for missions, and in work with There are many situations which are his pen Dr. Pierson probably did more called "crises" which turn out very than any other one person to popu- ordinary, and there are situations care- larize missionary information and ap- lessly passed over by the Church peal. His books on "The Miracles which are real crises, bllt the world of Missions," his "New Acts of the conditions which were beginning cpostles," his missionary biographies when Dr. Pierson wrote this little such as of Muller and Johnson, and book, and the new missionary call his articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW which was presented to the Church, were read by multitudes who began did truly constitute a crisis, and this to see that missions was one of the trumpet blast helped as much as any 1110st interesting and fascinating of single influence to awaken the Church themes. The "New Acts of the Apos- to realize the significance of the new tles" was the Duff Missionary Lec- day. tures, delivered in Scotland in 1893.

A third great missionary service He and Dr. Gordon had gone through rendered by Dr. Pierson was his part Scotland together after the World in the creation of a new type of mis- -'.fissionary Conference in London in sionary apologetic. He was one of a I888, and had kindled missionary fires little group, of which no one accom- wherever they had gone. In conse- plished more than he, which producel quence, Dr. Pierson was called back a new sort of missionary literature. in 1893 for the Duff Lectures. Dr.

This new type laid as much empha- Andrew Thomson, one of the older sis as the old upon Scripture principles missionary authorities, wrote: and the general grounds of appeal, "The fourth and most recent Duff but it was marked by a tingle, a Lecturer was the Rev. Arthur T. Pier- warmth, a penetration, an imagination son, D.D., of Philadelphia, U. S. A., which were new, and it was filled whose name is pleasantly familiar to

the churches of Christ on both sides that memorable conference. But for of the Atlantic. The title of his lec- a generation Dr. Pierson had been tures, which form the contents of the preaching this idea. At Northfield, I present volume, is 'The New Acts of think, in 1887, he set forth a plan of the Apostles; or, The Marvels of world missionary actiVIty which in- Modern Missions,' and their design volved the united effort of the Church was to compare the Christian Church to compass her whole task, and such a in the nineteenth century with the plan, I believe, was printed as a sup- Church in the first century, especially plement in some editions of The Crisis in their missionary aspects, and to of Missions. To be sure, this was not bring out the features of resemblance a new idea with him. Alexander Duff and of contrast between them. They had cherished it, and no later missionwere addrest in the early months of ary leader was more zealous than 1893, to crowded audiences, not only Carey in planning for the occupation in Edinburgh and Glasgow, but in of the whole world, but it was deemed Aberdeen, Dundee, and St. -Andrew's, novel enough to be scouted by many and some individual lectures were also when Dr. Pierson renewed the prodelivered in other places, as in Ar- posal of an organized, cooperative efbroath. They were as new and fra- fort to occupy and evangelize the grant as the flowers of spring. His whole world. vigor and originality of thought, his extraordinary knowledge of all sub- In his eagerness to make missions jects connected with Christian mis- popular and to win for them the insions, his ingenuity and skill in the terest and support of the Church, he exposition of Scripture, and in extract- did not make the mistake of secularing from familiar texts new and unex- izing the missionary presentation, of pected stores of instruction, his inex- lowering the spiritual quality of the haustible command of anecdotes which missionary motive, of withdrawing the helped to enrich and enliven his ad- Cross. He put the missionary appeal dresses, his power of making external upon the highest spiritual plane, and nature pay tribute to spiritual instruc- no one ever heard him present the tion, as well as the flowing fervor of cause without being made aware of his appeals-made multitudes listen the sacrificial shadow that lay upon it. unwearied for hours in silence." It is interesting to note how free the foreign missionary appeal still is from Dr. Pierson early learned to view secondary and inferior elements. They the missionary task as the task of do creep in, and they have their legitthe whole Church. Much was said in imate place, but while some other Edinburgh and in the preparation for causes have become practically domithe Conference there of the opportu- nated by these considerations, foreign nity which the Conference was to pre- missions remain a spiritual enterprise, sent for the first time to the Church of resting upon spiritual arguments and viewing her undertaking as a whole- cleaving close still to the person and the whole Church facing her whole cross of Christ. It was no small task in the whole world. This concep- achievement of the Spirit of Christ to tion, tho it was only limitedly possible save so ardent an advocate as Dr. at Edinburgh, gave its greatness to Pierson from the perils of overpopu-

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larizing his cause, and of resting it friend, Doctor Pierson, were again in upon motives which have in them the the flesh, I am sure that he would have elements, at least, of self-interest, of a it so, and, indeed, he so exprest himracial or national glory. His cause self in his last days. was Christ's alone, and Christ's name and Christ's cross and Christ's glory One or two things are prominently were the only things to be thought in my mind when I look at the life and about or spoken of in its advocacy. character of Doctor Pierson. I have always been profoundly imprest by his Lastly, we may mention the tirelessness of his toil for missions and '/tt.-.~.Yt~ttf".MV~""- the intensity of his appeal. To him it was a great cause, and as the preser- ~A4-e.x.xXY/ll:;"– vation of the Union, the abolition of slavery, the maintenance of Sta~es' Jk-77~~~/~~4fflu:;…..-t­ rights or political loyalty had set men ~f'o/Mm.-;A–;~~.. ablaze and kept the fires glowing during the Civil War, so the great cam- ;..uw;~~(t.¢,a-dYlI.I'-'fjl·Wnt.k.tH' paign of a world's evangelization influenced him and made him restive and ,feager. It is hard to keep up such intensity in an agelong campaign, but 1i'uAW~~i1~e~~ he held that the age need not be as ~~~~;;~ long as lethargy and disobedience may ~IftHty~ make it, and that now is the appointed time, and not to-morrow. Therefore /P~~-.J~Ur~ he remembered his Lord's words: ~-;r"7~: ~udu, '~~ "We must work the works of Him c4/!.ffl.Vttr-..; ~~~: ki;ffflU-,. that sent us while it is day, before ~1(~1~~ the night cometh, when no man can work." May we also remember them! ~~~: '~JfyItMw, ;£"",.1.–.

As a Bible Student· ~~tm-V:~"-I11L.t; 4'""""

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D., tffrf'vl f(~~,~ wtl…ry NEW YORK ~~~lN~~ A close personal friend in England and America A PAGE OF MANUSCRIPT When one of our Lord's choice servants goes home to glory it seems to From Dr. Pierson's last book, "Knowing the me that, to the spirits that look on the Scriptures," written with a crippled hand, scene with other eyes than ours, it is at seventy·three years of age. not a funeral but a wedding. If this be so, then the Lord of the wedding conception of Christ, and he always would designate as the suitable gar- laid hold of me and thrilled me ment, not a robe of mourning but the through and through when he was exgarment of praise. If our beloved pounding Paul. I liked him best when he took up the Epistle to the Ephe- * From an address at the funeral services. Sten- sians, and soared to high places in o~rapher's report, lIot corrected by Dr. Jowett. Christ Jesus. I liked to hear him, when, with all those rare powers of-his marvelous intellect, he delved deep and brought up new treasures of grace. Two years ago, when I was at Northfield, one night I attempted the almost impossible task of speaking of Saint Paul and the Church, and his

Epistle to the Thessalonians. Doctor in His wings. Doctor Pierson would Pierson's own wonderfully exercised proclaim Him as the ransom from sin. powers could take a slight hint from Everyone knows, too, what a pas- another man and use it. I remember sionate delight Doctor Pierson had in the way in which he spoke of the the vVord of God. I have seen young many years he had been trying to men, but never an old man, with such understand more and more the won- a passionate delight in the Word of derful God, Jesus Christ. The one God. He had as much interest and and foremost lesson of Doctor Pier- enthusiasm in searching out new texts son's life was that he could preach a as a young student, just beginning his Christ big enough to save the world. ministry. He would show the same de- He had a tremendous conception of light in finding out some new beauty Christ. The great aim and work of or truth in the Bible as an ardent our lives is the proclaiming of a Christ botanist would show in discovering before whom men shall be bowed in some new flower. We read in the first holy awe and reverence. The editor Psalm: "His leaf also shall not withof a very influential American news- er." If that means anything, it means paper has written me to say that his this: The leaf is a thing of the early whole life has been changed by a con- spring. The leaf is not to witherception of the Lord Jesus Christ. even when the fall comes. Surely our Doctor Pierson's spirit was alway.3 friend kept the leaf of hope, and the bowed in prayer and reverence before leaf of young surprize and enthusiasm our Lord. He had that vast concep- and the youth of an ever-unwithering tion of the Lord Jesus Christ that be- surprize in the promises and, word came the vast conception of the ampli- of his Lord. His knowledge of the tude of the Christian Gospel. Every 'Word of God was always enriched by one will remember the audacity with these new discoveries. He brought which he would proclaim the Gospel. forth fruit in old age. He would stand up, and with holy au- I wonder what his wonderful powdacity and without the flickering of a ers are doing now – those powers single doubt proclaim the efficacy of that have been so much exercised durthe Gospel for every need. He re- ing the past years. N ow, as Paul minded me of John Vlesley in the au- would say, his senses are exercised to dacity with which he would analyze discern. I wonder what new problem a sin or vice, and then, when you felt he is at work upon. I wonder what appalled by the dark horror of it, new glory the Lord has set him to seek would proclaim the Gospel of Christ out, and very reverently would I say as adequate for its removal. I have it, I am sure the Lord will say to him: seen him in England when he had "Vell done. Come hither, I have new bowed a great audience almost to ut- work for you to do." I wonder what ter despair, unveiling sin after sin, it is. I think he is so engaged, and I wickedness after wickedness, loath- am sure he is rejoicing in the newsomeness after loathsomeness in the found opportunities of the wor1cl of human heart, and then would bring in light and unfading glory. We leave the light of the dawn, as the Sun of him in that glory, at the throne of Righteousness would rise with healing grace, in the presence of His Lord.

i"' ………….,..~·….. _ ….. ~,_I,l~"l.~ …. ,. …. ·n

TWO PAGES FROM DR. PIERSON'S INTERLEAVED, WIDE·MARGIN BIBLE The right·hand This is one of a number of Bib1es that Dr. Pierson marked carefully in his daily Bible study. The left·hand page shows the interleaf with notes on 1 Cor. 1: 30 and 1 Cor. 12: 1.

page shows the method of marking the Bible, and marginal notes. It was very unusual, however, to find any ink blot on the page.

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At Northfield and Mount Hermon maturity of spiritual experience and BY WILLIAM R. MOODY a very immature youth.

A personal friend and coworker But when in 1899 the responsibil- The richest heritage for an individ- ities resulting from the passing of the ual or an institution is that of a founder of the work at Nortfield en, true friend. Into such a heritage the tailed duties and demands that were Northfield Schools and Conferences new, the friendship with Doctor Pier, entered upon the passing of the found- son became close, and ripened into an er, D. L. Moody, in the loyal friend- affectionate intimacy. To his wise ship of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson. From counsel on many occasions, as well as the beginning of the Northfield work to his sympathy and prayers, is to be he had been a sympathetic colaborer attributed much of the continued with D. L. Moody, and contributed by blessing upon the conferences and his ministry to the development of the schools.

work. In r886, when the first Stu- Of Doctor Pierson's ministry at the dent Conference was held at Mount conferences, both as Bible teacher, Hermon, Mr. Moody sought the as- spiritual guide and missionary zealot, sistance of Doctor Pierson, to whose thousands can testify. When in 1908 zeal for missionary labor was largely and 1909 he conducted the daily Bible due the interest then awakened in our class at the Auditorium, the attend- colleges in behalf of non-Christian ance was from the first the largest of lands. His far-sighted vision and stir- any day session. Nor was the inter, ring addresses were instrumental in est abated in any degree, but cantin, bringing about the formation of the ued throughout the two weeks of the Student Volunteer movement, which gathering. Nor will those who heard originated at that time. his missionary addresses ever forget For the next thirteen years Doctor the impression made upon them by his Pierson was closely associated with vast fund of missionary history and the leader of the several gatherings anecdote. And when he presented that convene each summer at North- some deep spiritual truth his memory field. To his stirring addresses on of Scripture and power in reasoning behalf of missions, to his enthusiasm never failed.

in Bible study, and to his appeals to But that of which comparatively individuals for deeper spiritual experi- few are familiar was his influence ence, many are to-day attributing a upon the students in the Northfield new view of life and a realization of schools. It might be thought that greater possibilities of Christian serv- with maturity of thought and experi, ice. ence he would have failed to impress But it has only been during the last young people. But such was not the twelve years that the writer can bear case. He possest that which is the personal testimony of what Doctor mark of greatest distinction in either Pierson has been to Northfield. Prior a teacher or preacher-he could inter, to that time his friendship was that of est the young.

a young man to his Father's friend, a To those of us who knew Doctor relationship characterized by a certain Pierson, it has seemed that his lec'

distant respect natural between great tures and informal chapel talks at the

Northfield schools represented his best friends who appreciated and loved work. There was a freedom that was him, it was a rare and priceless pleasborn of a mutual sympathy between ure to be admitted to the intimacies speaker and audience which was less of his home. Exhaustless funds of evident in some of the summer con- humor, repartee, incidents of travel ferences. Especially was this true at and reminiscences of men and things Mount Hermon, where Doctor Pier- were always at his disposal. Like son was loved by a warmth unusual fresh and sparkling fountains, you among boys for one so many years were continually coming on them. But their senior. the main interest was always religion. His favorite themes were always of In speaking of Doctor Pierson's God and the Bible, of some new light sympathy and loyalty it must not be that had illuminated a familiar text, inferred that he was blind to faults of or of some new phase of spiritual exhis associates. His conception of true perience which had been unfolded to friendship was far too high for that. him. Never a word of unkind and While he was straightforward in criti- malicious criticism; never a sentence cism and even reproof, it was ad- unworthy of the high dignity of an drest to the individual whom he felt ambassador of Christ. If there was was wrong, and did not become a sub- lightning, it was summer lightning, ject of gossip. This was a trait of and harmless. character which made for him friends among true and earnest men. He was Whether he had visited London bea faithful and loyal friend in every fore 1888 I am not sure, but in that respect. year his striking personality and mar- velous knowledge of the missionary In coming years Doctor Pierson's problems first arrested the attention presence will be missed at Northfield. and compelled the admiration of Brit- Without the helpfulness of his counsel ish Christians. From that time his and the inspiration of his ministry the position was secured, and he held it conferences and schools will be the with the growing loyalty and love of poorer. But the memory of what h~ all to the end. It was felt that of the was will be an inspiration to all who new missionary movement which was were privileged to know him and en- initiated, here was a worthy exponent joy his fellowship. and apostle. From all sides appeals were made for him to visit large cen- Ministry in Great Britain ters of population, or to give address- es and sermons in connection with all BY REV. F. B. MEYER. LONDON. sects and denominations. Questions Long a friend and coworker were not asked as to which branch of the Church he belonged; it was uni- My friendship with Doctor Pierson versally realized that he could not be began with my earliest association with classed and labeled as most men are. the Northfield Conferences in 1887. Here was a man sent from God! His deep spirituality. profound knowledge of Scripture, and enthusiasm for He did not remain in England, howmissionary enterprise were extraor- ever, at that time, as he had accepted dinarily attractive. and bound me to the honorable position of Duff Lechil11 'jth hands of .;teel. Vhen he I a- ~n good f'hy~ical health and amid

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turer for 1889, and was anxious to wealth for preachers and speakers on spend the previous months in prepar- missionary themes. Several months ing his material. One of the secrets were spent at that time in itinerating of his life was his method in classify- Great Britain. It was my pleasant lot ing the results and accumulations of to arrange a very extended program his careful studies. I heard him de- of visitation, which he fulfilled with liver a masterly lecture on this subject marked power and blessing. Everyto the students of Mr. Spurgeon's Col- where great audiences gathered, and THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE, LONDON Here Dr. Pierson was acting pastor during the illness and after the death of Rev. Charles Haddon Spurgeon, 1891·1893 lege, and tho it was not possible for his work among the ministers, at speeveryone to adopt his methods, it was cial meetings convened for them, was impossible not to realize how much his phenomenal. I have notes of his adfull and enriching speech owed to that dresses by me still, which indicated the lifelong habit of storing and arrange- deep spirituality and Scriptural inment. His house in Brooklyn was sight of his teaching at this time. Still crowded with books and manuscripts, in England one comes across individubut at any moment he could lay his als who confess their lifelong indebthand on the illustration or incident edness to the impressiom received durhe required. ing that tour. His work in Ireland and Wales was specially fruitful. Those lectures, which by request were delivered more than once, still During these years Mr. Spurgeon's further increased his fame. In their health was beginning to break, and as published form they had a wide cir- it became increasingly clear that he culation, and presented new mines of must take a prolonged rest, if he were

ever to resume his ministry, many day. I should imagine that at no time minds were turned to Doctor Pierson of his life was he more happy and sucas being preeminently qualified to fill cessful than at that season, except for the gap. Finally the summons came the growing sadness because of the to him, and at Mr. Spurgeon's per- tidings from Mentone. sonal request he came again to London, in October of 1891, to take the Throughout those dark and sad days temporary oversight of the Metropoli- Doctor Pierson was unremitting in ad- ministering consolation to the sorrow- stricken people, and when at last the sun set beneath the western wave, he stood out in all the tenderness of his heart's sympathy, as comforter and helper. His two sermons on the life and work of the departed pastor were as eloquent as they were discriminat- ing and appreciative, and he took part in the last great service of the day of interment. For some months after- ward he continued to fill the Taber- nacle pulpit.

Engagements at Northfield, United States of America, and elsewhere com- pelled him to return to his own coun- try in the summer of 1902, on the CHRIST CHURCH1 WESTMINSTER "BRIDGE ROADI LONDON understanaing that he would return to take up again his ministry at the Tab- Where Dr. Pierson was acting pastor in 1902·3 ernacle. This he did, and for a second , and 1907·8, during the absence of the period fulfilled the demands of that pastor, Rev. F. B. Meyer tan Tabernacle. From the outset his responsible position with conspicuous ministry there was a remarkable suc- ability.

cess. Sunday after Sunday the huge Later he most kindly and efficiently building was crowded morning and occupied the pulpit at Christ Church evening. His sermons commanded the for the five months of my mission to admiration of the highest intellects, India. He awakened the extraordi- while they were appreciated by the nary love and admiration of my peo- ordinary folk. They were used of ple. During that time large congre- God in building up believers and con- gations were maintained, and the great verting the unsaved and undecided. machinery of the church activities At that time I was minister at Christ gave evidence of quickened impulse.

Church, in the same part of London, At the meetings of the officers he pre- and we used to spend a good deal of sided with eminent tact and grace, and time together, especially on Monday the Monday Evening Prayer Meeting mornings, in which he used to recite was invested with new attractiveness.

with extraordinary interest the ser- Doctor Pierson was not only remark- mons and experiences of the preceding ably gifted as a preacher, he was also

TAPPAN

conspicuously fitted to exercise the grams and models, as well as by his pastoral office. words, he endeavored to convey his thoughts to his hearers. His great During these years he became in- stores of Biblical study and acquisicreasingly trusted and beloved of all tion were opened and their treasures sections of the Church of Christ in Great Britain, and was an habitual A t( GOOD STORY" speaker at the well-known interdenominational gatherings at Mildmay A snapshot of Dr. Pierson and a friend at the and Keswick. Several of his ad- laying of the corner·stone of the Spurgeon Pas· dresses on these occasions reached the tor's College in London. A picture showing Dr. high-water mark of sacred eloquence. Pierson's humor, and appreciaHon of -3 good story. One address, given at Mildmay, on the "Sterner Aspects of the Divine lavishly distributed. The silence was Nature and the Judgment Seat of only broken by the scribbling of pen- God," deserves to be preserved as a cils and pens and the rustle of the classic on that solemn theme. turned leaves of Bibles and note-books. These courses were specially valuable For several years he was one of the in view of recent attacks on the Bible. most popular speakers on the Keswick Doctor Pierson was an evangelical platform. He was trusted on more conservative, and had good reasons to than one occasion with the series of give for the truth that was in him. connected Bible-readings given on the And if the Bible is more than ever successive mornings of the conference strongly entrenched in the reverence in one of the tents, and always the of Sunday-school teachers, Christian vast tent would be crowded with hear- Endeavorers, ministers and lay workers, while a rim of three or four deep ers, in London and Great Britain, a would stand around in the outer circle. large proportion of so desirable a re- His addresses at the ministers' meet- sult must be attributed to the intelings, his sermons before and after the lectual equipment, the eloquent speedf' ~ conference, his personal charm and in- and the devoted heart of that rem:1rk,i,) fluence, constituted very real assets to able servant of God. the conference. It was hoped that he would be present there at the forthcoming meeting, when these notes will be issuing from the press.

For many, perhaps the most outstanding features of Doctor Pierson's work in Great Britain will always be those three series of Exeter Hall Bible Lectures. They were carried through under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian AssociaPion, and were eminently successful. The great hall was crowded week after week to its utmost capacity with the elite of the Christian youth of the metropolis. By carefully drawn dia-

The Word of God lest I should build upon another man's BY REV. JOHN F. CARSON, D.D. foundation. "

Scripture passages selected and read at the funeral "Let not your heart be troubled: ye services by a long time friend and believe in God, believe also in me. In associate "The law of the Lord is perfect, my Father's house are many manconverting the soul: the testimony of sions: if it were not so, I would have the Lord is sure, maki-ng wise the told you. I go to prepare a place for simple. The statutes of the Lord are you. And if I go and prepare a place right, rejoicing the heart: the com- for you, I will come again, and receive mandment of the Lord is pure, en- you unto myself; that where I am, lightening the eyes. The fear of the there ye may be also: and whither I Lord is clean, enduring forever: the go ye know, and the way ye know."

judgments of the Lord are true and "Vhat shall we then say to these righteous altogether. More to be de- things? If God be for us, who can be sired are they than gold-yea, than against us. He that spared not His much fine gold: sweeter also than own Son, but delivered Him up for honey and the honeycomb. Moreover, us all, how shall He not with Him by them is thy servant warned: and also freely give us all things? Who in keeping of them there is great re- shall lay anything to the charge of ward." God's elect? It is God that j ustifieth.

"With my lips have I declared all Who is he that condemneth? It is the judgments of thy mouth. I have Christ that died, yea rather, that is rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, risen again, who is even at the right as much as in all riches. Open thou hand of God, who maketh interces- mine eyes, that I may behold won- sion for us. Who shall separate us drous things out of thy law. Thy from the love of Christ? Shall tribu- testimonies also are my delight and my lation, or distress, or persecution, or counsellors." famine, or nakedness, or peril, or "For I am not ashamed of the gos- sword? Nay, in all these things we pel of Christ: for it is the power of are more than conquerors through God unto salvation to everyone that Him that loved us. For I am per- believeth: to the Jew first, and also to suaded, that neither death, nor life, the Greek. But God forbid that I nor angels, nor principalities, nor should glory, save in the cross of our powers, nor things present, nor things Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world to come, nor height, nor depth, nor is crucified unto me, and I unto the any other creature, shall be able to world. That I should be the minister separate us from the love of God, of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, min- which is in Christ Jesus, our Lord."

istering the Gospel of God, that the "There is one glory of the sun, and offering up of the Gentiles might be another glory of the moon, and an- acceptable, being sanctified by the other glory of the stars; for one star Holy Ghost. I have, therefore, where- differeth from another star in glory.

of I may glory through Jesus Christ So also is the resurrection of the in those things which pertain to God. dead. It is sown in corruption; it is Yea, so have I strived to preach the raised in incorruption; it is sown in gospel, not where Christ was named, dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is

TAPPAN PIERSON 59

sown in weakness, it is raised in yielded her fruit every month; and the power; it is sown a natural body, it is leaves of the tree were for the healing raised a spiritual body. For this cor- of the nations. And there shall be no ruptible must put on incorruption, and more curse: but the throne of God this mortal must put on immprtality. and of the Lamb shall be in it; allJ So when this corruptible shall have His servants shall serve Him; and put on incorruption, and this mortal they shall see His face; and His shall have put on immortality, then name shaH be in their foreheads. And shall be brought to pass the saying there shall be no night there; and that is written, Death is swallowed up they need no candle; neither light of in victory. 0, death, where is thy the sun, for the Lord God giveth them sting? 0, grave, where is thy victory? light; and He shall reign for ever.' "

The sting of death is sin; and the This is the message to us to-day: strength of sin is the law. But thanks "Ye know, from the first day that be to God, which giveth us the victory I came unto you, after what manner through our Lord Jesus Christ. I have been with you at all seasons, Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye serving the Lord with all humility of stedfast, unmovable, always abound- mind, and with many tears and tempta- ing in the work of the Lord, foras- tions. But none of these things moved much as ye know that your labor is me, neither count I my life dear unto not in vain in the Lord." myself, so that I might finish my "And I saw a new heaven and a course with joy, and the ministry new earth; for the first heaven and which I received of the Lord Jesus, the first earth were passed away; and to testify the gospel of the grace of there was no more sea. And I, John, God. And now, behold! I know that saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, com- ye all, among whom I have gone ing down from God out of heaven, preaching the kingdom of God, shall prepared as a bride adorned for her see my face no more. Therefore, I husband. And I heard a great voice take you to record this day, that I out of heaven saying, 'Behold, the tab- hav not shunned to declare unto you ernacle of God is with men, and He all the counsel of God. Take heed, will dwell with them, and they shall therefore, unto yourselves, and to all be His people, and God Himself shall the fiock over which the Holy Ghost be with them, and be their God. And hath made you overseers, to feed the God shall wipe away all tears from church of God, which He hath pur- their eyes; and there shall be no more chased with His own blood. And now, death, neither sorrow, nor crying; brethren, I commend you to God, and neither shall there be any more pain; to the word of His grace, which is for the former things are passed away. able to build you up, and to give you And He showed me a pure river of an inheritance among all them who water of life, clear as crystal, pro- are sanctified. I have fought a good ceeding out of the throne of God and fight; I have finished my course; I of the Lamb. In the midst of the have kept the faith. Henceforth there street of it, and on either side of the is laid up for me a crown of right· river, was there the tree of life, which eousness, and not for me only, but for bare twelve manner of fruits, and all them also who love His appearing."

OF UNITED

MARCH 27, 1861, TO MARCH 27, 1911.

BY FRANCESCO ROSTAN, GENOA On the 27th of March, 1861, Count Turin, inaugurated personally by the Camillo Cavour, the well-known prime King, on the 29th of April, kept burnminister of King Victor Emanuel II. ing the sacred fire of patriotism, and and author of the formula "A Free was ever ready to receive the Italians Church in a Free State," proclaimed who were exiled by the petty rulers of Rome the capital of United Italy, the different states in which Italy was rousing a storm of applause from the then divided; another exhibition was members of the Subalpine Parliament opened in Florence, which, after Tuconvelled in Turin. It was a daring rin, was for several years the seat of act of faith, because the Eternal City the government; and one in Rome. was still in the power of the Pope, and Foreign nations have sent and are as Pius IX was unable to maintain sending numerous deputations to conorder in his states, Rome was garri- gratulate the Italian people. The first soned by French troops kept there by to come was the King of Bulgaria; Napoleon III. then came the Crown Prince of Ger- many, and then the King of Sweden. It was not until the 20th of Septem- The Duke·of Connaught was Great ber, of the year 1870, that the Italian Britain's envoy, and other deputations soldiers stormed Porta Pia, and came from Austria, France, Spain, through the breach, took possession of and Portugal. the city, and finally Rome, last, not least, was united to the Italian king- It would be an easy matter to show dom. that the loss of the temporal power has been a great boon for the Pope. His In order to commemorate the ju- government was a disgrace. Lord Palbilee of Italy as a nation, three exhibi- merston, being invited to take an intions have been set on foot: one in terest in the Kingdom of Naples, and an expenditure of 926,000,000. which was in danger of being over- Deficit, 480,000,000. And, let it be thrown by the revolution, as, in fact, said, that till the year 1870 things did it was, replied: "I don't take an in- not mend very much. From 1870 to terest in that kingdom, because that 1875 the Italian nation is advancing government, 'With the exception of the gradually, when, in 1875, the deficit government of the Pope, is the worst disappears, and in r88r, there are 53,- of Europe. It is, however, more pro- 000,000 on the right side of the ledlitable to write about the great prog- ger. This happy period was of short ress made by Italy during the last duration, and in the year 1889 there is fifty years. Let us apply the gospel the enormous deficit of 235,000,000. rule, and judge of the tree from its The lesson was hard, but it was not fruits; if the fruits are abundant and lost. It taught our people to moderate of excellent quality, it means that the the expenses, and from that year to tree is good, and that Italy was justi- the present day, not only has Italy not fied in going to Rome. Let me set increased her public debt, but we have forth the progress made in three di- yearly a surplus of over 70,000,000 rections: the economical, the educa- francs. England and Italy are the only tional, and the religious point of view. European nations without a deficit.

I. The progress made by Italy from In 1861, we had only I,714 miles an economical point of view during of railways; we have to-day 8,600 fifty years. All the figures are given miles, without counting the tram lines in francs, or lire, worth 20 cents. which run throughout the country. In 1866 our postal department had a The first unified budget is the bud- revenue of 3,500,000; in 1910 its revget of 1862, and it was called by one enue is 103,000,000, to which must be of our economists a terrible budget. added 32,000,000 from the telegraph Italy had an income of 446,000,000,

and the telephone. In 1861 we had schools. Up to two years ago the only [88.000,000 in our savings-banks. teachers in all our elementary schools were expected to teach the catechism On the 30th of June, 1910, between of the Church of Rome to all the chilthe deposits of the savings-banks and dren whose parents exprest that wish. of the post-office, we have in round Such was the theory; as a matter of numbers, 4,000,000,000. That im- fact, religious instruction was given to mense sum has been deposited by 7,- every child whose parents did not say 500,000 Italians; that means that one- anything to the contrary. fourth of the Italian population has set something apart for a rainy day. N ow the matter has been, leit to the decision of the municipal author- II. The progress made by Italy dur- ity. If the councilors are conservaing fifty years, from an educational tive, religious instruction is given to point of view. the children; if they are Socialists, no catechism is taught. We hope that In 1862, 15,000,000 were spent in the time will soon come when religious public instruction; now 102,000,000, instruction will not be imparted in our and we would spend more, if we were public schools. The priest, for the not always obliged to increase our ex- Church of Rome, the pastor, for the penses for the army and the navy. Protestant churches, the rabbi for the Much against our will, we must fol- Jews, are the proper persons to deal low the bad example set by the great with such delicate matters, not the European powers. teachers, who, so far as Italy is con- cerned, and generally speaking, are In 1861 there were 72 men and 84 unbelievers, and have never learned, women for every 100 inhabitants who when at college, what they are excould not read and write. Accord- pected to teach. This leads me by ing to the census of 190[, the men un- natural transition to speak about the able to read and write were only 52 third point. per cent., and the women 60 per cent., and we feel sure that the census which III. The progress made by Italy was taken on the 11th of June, 1911, during fifty years from a religious will show that illiteracy is decreasing point of view. year after year, and greater progress will be made when the elementary The progress has been great, and schools will be taken up by the state; fills our hearts with thankfulness. In instead of being managed by the mu- 1861 the Waldenses had only been in nicipalities, often without the means possession of religious toleration ;for to pay the meager stipend of the a period of twelve years. The Edict teachers. of . Emancipation granted by King Carlo Alberto bears the date of Feb- From what has been said, it is clear ruary 17, 1848. The first article runs that there is still room for improve- as follows: "The Roman Catholic ment, and Roman Catholic Italy is far Apostolic Church is the Church of the from occupying to-day the position State; other churches are to be tolerof the Protestant countries. It may ated." interest the readers of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW to know how matters The Waldenses, let it be said h) their stand in Italy concerning the problem praise, undertook at once the tremenof religious instruction in the public

OF UNITED ITALY

THE NATIONAL MONUMENT TO VITTORIO EMANUELE II, ROME dous task of evangelizing Italy; but obliged to leave Genoa, because found small in numbers and without ade- distributing the Bible; his friend, Dr. quate means, the cities and villages Mazzinghi, was condemned to three occupied by the gospel heralds were years of prison for the same offense; few and confined to the north, in Pied- in Barletta, a minister was burned at . mont and in Ligury. The report of the stake. 1861 gives the names of seven preaching stations, namely, Turin, Alexan- In 191 I, what a change! The greatdria, Genoa, Nice, etc. The theologi- est religious liberty prevails throughcal seminary is still in Torre Pellice. out the breadth and length of the land. The name of Milan does not appear as Those who sin against it are, as a yet; Venice belongs still to Austria, rule, duly punished. King Victor Rome to the Pope. Waldenses are Emmanuel III, speaking from the tolerated, but toleration does not go Campidoglio, on the 27th of March, far with the Church of Rome. The said: "With Rome as her capital, late Professor Geymonat has been sent Italy represents the peaceful coexistto jail, and afterward expelled from ence of the churches with the state, Florence, because found reading to a and guarantees a full and fruitful few friends the fourteenth chapter of liberty to religion and to science. Mark St. John. Cavour himself is angry be- the plural, not the church, but the cause a colporteur has sold a New churches; note the word liberty, not Testament in San Remo. With great toleration. difficulties the '-IValdenses have obtained permission to construct the To-day, churches and preaching stabeautiful Temple of Turin, inaugu- tions are found everywhere in the rated on the 15th of December, 1853. Italian Peninsula and in the island of Packenham, an English admiral, was Sicily. There are several churches in Milan, Venice, Genoa, Florence, Rome, Naples, etc. Let me cull the

statistics from the report of the Com- and evangelists; but who, for various mittee of Evangelization of the Waldensian Church for 19IO: Pastors, reasons, do not formally unite with 48; evangelists, 15; teachers-evangelists, 8; school-teachers, 50; colporteur them. When we think of the enorevangelists, 8; colporteur and deposi- mous difficulties with which the evan- THE WALDEN SIAN CHURCH IN ROME gelical cfrhoumrchReosmhiasvhefahnaadtictoismcoonntetnhd~ tarians, 5; churches and stations, 120; arising communicants, 6,692; contributions, $29,872; admissions, 617; day schol- one hand, and materialism and irrears, 2,0.31; Sunday scholars, 3,621; night scholars, 364. In the district of ligion on the other, we can not but re- Sicily and Egypt there are 1 I regularly organized churches and 25 sta- gard as marvelous the progress which tions. The communicants number I,II2, and the day and Sunday schol- has been made among the warmars, 2,327. The church of Messina had 162 members, till the disastrous hearted Italians. The Waldensian earthquake of 1908 overwhelmed about three-fourths of them. Its evan- Church is not the only one which is gelical adherents were about 400. doing mission work in the Peninsula. All over Italy, connected with the churches and the stations, there is a Without mentioning several indepencertain number of persons whose entire sympathies are with the pastors dent agencies worthy of esteem, there are many branches of foreign churches at work in Italy. The writer of this article is not ready to say-and per- haps the article is too long already for American readers, who are always on the point of catching a train- what is the numerical strength of the sister churches. Let me, at least, men- tion them. There is the Methodist Episcopal Church from the United States of America, which has a strong position in Rome; the American and the English branches of the Baptist Church; in the North of Italy there is a sprinkling of Plymouth Brethren.

The Salvation Army has also made its appearance on the Italian shores. The work of the Salvationists is more dif- ficult in Italy than in Protestant coun- tries, because Romanists are not used to some of their ways, which seem strange; notwithstanding, they have done good, and in Milan they have a refuge called Villa Speranza, for fall- en women. We must not forget the work done by two societies-the Bible Society of Scotland, which, beside the Scriptures, allows its agents to circu- late other books; and the British and Foreign Bible Society. As many as 91,329 copies of the Scriptures, com-

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

plete or in parts, have been circulated politicians, as Cavour; to our thinkers, by the British and Foreign Bible So- as Mazzini; to our martyrs, who shed ciety throughout Italy during 1910; their blood for the freedom of our an increase of 14,814 copies on the land. The years are not far behind preceding year. In North, Central, us, when visitors, arriving in Papal and South Italy, and in Sicily and Rome, had to give up their Bibles and Sardinia, an average of 25 colporteurs liberal newspapers. Bible depots in have been employed in constant itine- the Eternal City were a dream; culration, offering to the Italians the tured foreigners had to worship with- Word of Life. The society's depot in out the walls; the penalty for distribu- Rome is not far from the Waldensian tion of Italian Scriptures was fine Or Church in Via Nazionale, and is op- imprisonment. The Italians need the posite the national monument of Vic- Gospel, as the air they breathe. They tor Emmanuel II, about to be unveiled are crowding the cities of the United in this year of jubilee. We forget, States, and may be a power for good perhaps, what we owe, under God, to or for evil. The gospel alone, but the our kings, as Victor Emmanuel II; gospel in its purity, will regenerate the to our generals, as Garibaldi; to our Italian people.

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY BY MINNIE J. REYNOLDS It is generally conceded that no called Valdese, which supports its own home mission work among aliens is church and pastor. so successful and promising as that among the Italian immigrants. Amer- On the other hand, it is a curious icans generally do not understand how fact that the mere existence of Amerimuch of this is due to the existence ca is increasing the duties of the Walof the ancient, historic Waldensian densian Church in Italy faster than it Church in Italy. can find means to perform them. Ital- ians who have come under the influ- There are to-day 220 Italian Prot- ence of Protestant missions in this estant churches in the United States. country return to their native towns, In over 100 of them the first nucleus carrying with them American ideas as was a group of Italians who had been well as American dollars. These peo- Waldensians in Italy. Dr. Clot, who ple are continually getting together a was a Waldensian pastor for ten yeats little nucleus of evangelical converts in Palermo, found in America more and sending to the Waldensian church than one hundred former members of to come and organize a church and his church, twenty-five of them in place a pastor over them. This impe- Rochester, where he settled and organ- tus from without pushes the work ized a Waldensian church. The pas- faster than the Waldensians in Italy tor of the Italian Methodist Church in can support it. Boston was a member of Dr. Clot's old church in Palermo. In, South When the Bishop of Rome began to Carolina there is a Waldensian colony, assume that authority over the rest of the primitive churches which devel-

oped into the Papacy, certain little To understand why this is so one congregations in the north refused to must comprehend the religious situa- recognize that authority. Pretty sys- tion to-day in Italy. For long years tematically through the centuries, tho after the present government was es- at some periods more violently than at tablished interest in religion of any others, they were persecuted. Some form was dead in Italy. Not a review, fifty popes endeavored to subdue or not a periodical of any description, exterminate them. Crusades were ever published an article on any relig- preached against them and infants ious or church matter. Not a news- borne on the pikes of soldiers, and the paper referred to the subject, unless various other endearing features of compeIled to chronicle news matter.

medieval crusades enlivened their his- Discussion of such matters was never tory. It is one of the curiosities of heard; the whole subject was utterly history that they survived at all. But a ignored by the educated classes.

few always persisted, huddled among One reason for this was that the the Cottian Alps of Savoy. After the ablest minds in the country were ab- Reformation was established, Luther sorbed in the great, practical problems sent envoys to examine this tiny, an- connected with the founding of a new cient, primitive church. He found it government: the establishing of new practically an evangelical Protestant educational, industrial and political church, with a polity resembling that systems, the creation of a new country.

of the Presbyterian organization. This Next, the Papacy refused to recognize was the Valdensian Church, familiar the new government. This put Ital- to all Italians as the "Valdesi." Tra- ians in an extremely embarrassing and dition has it that it had its origin, as delicate position. They took their re- well as its growth, in persecution; ligion from the Vatican, their govern- that the Valdesi were originally a ment from the Quirinal. Italians met group of Christians of Rome, who fled the situation by ignoring it. Third, northward to escape the persecutions the medieval character of the Papacy of the Roman emperors. itself, which became increasingly ap- Even when crusades against them parent as education spread in the ceased, the day of the Valdesi had not country. The present writer has seen, yet come. In 1848 this Church, as old within three years, poor idiots and in- as the Church of Rome, had only fif- sane persons beaten with sticks before teen parishes in the world, all in Sa- a certain statue of the Madonna in a voy. To-day its churches are scat- Sicilian city to make them utter a cer- tered through the length and breadth tcrin formula, which, it was believed, of Italy, and in Egypt and Malta, Ar- would restore them to their senses. In gentina and the United States. It has the same city not long before a num- in Italy important schools, colleges, ber of sailors, in fulfilment of a vow and other institutions. And yet its made while in peril at sea, entered a growth has only just begun. For long church at the front door on their years after toleration was proclaimed hands and knees, and proceeded in in Italy it grew but slowly. To-day it that manner around the church, at is advancing by leaps and bounds. each step stooping and licking the floor The day of the Valdesi has come. with their tongues.

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

It is not necessary to go into any al- self. Many of these men went with leged venality of the Roman Church him. The effect was more sensational or corruption of the priesthood. Fea- in Italy than it would have been in tures like those described, of which America had Robert Ingersoll retractpractical religion in Italy is full, were ed and accepted revealed religion. enough to disgust intelligent Italians. And yet, where were they to turn? Another influence has been that of Italy was the eldest child of the Arturo Graf, professor in the Univer- Church, the seat through all the cen- sity of Turin, and a writer of extreme turies of that Papacy which in its time popularity among the educated classes. gave law to Europe, and still controls He began to write constantly and very the consciences of a large portion of strongly on the necessity of some rethe civilized inhabitants of the world. ligion, on the belief that no nation They could not conceive belonging to could reach its full height, or even enany other Church. They simply ig- dure, without some faith; on the dannored the whole subject of religion, ger that intellectual Italy was cutting never spoke of it, never wrote of it, loose from all religious moorings whatwhile educated men lapsed silently into ever. His writings had great influ- French atheism. ence in calling the attention of intel- lectual and patriotic Italians to the Within a very few years all this is subject. changed. To-day one can scarcely pick up a scholarly review in Italy An event which broke through the without finding a long article on wall of icy silence and threw the some religious or ecclesiastical subject. whole subject into a furore of discus- The topic is on every lip and pen. sion was when Romolo Murri took his Italy is in the midst of a vast religious seat in Parliament wearing his priest's awakening, a great religious renais- robe. Since the foundation of the sance. Italy has had a renaissance Government the Pope had forbidden twice before-of art and culture in the faithful Catholics to vote or particisixteenth century, of liberty in the pate in national politics. When a priest nineteenth. Now it is of religion. defied the Vatican, was elected to Par- liament, and actually took his seat One reason for this new phase was wearing his priestly garb, the excite- Lombroso. This great scientist, whose ment was intense. Hundreds of colname has acquired international fame, urns were printed about it in the newswas a confirmed materialist, a posi- papers, with abundant illustrations. tivist. Through his researches into The whole subject of the Vatican's atpsychic phenomena he became con- titude was thrashed out in print and vinced that there is a realm in which speech. spiritual entities act independently of the body. He thereupon retracted his But perhaps the greatest influence former position, acknowledged the ex- in forcing the discussion of religious istence of a spirit world, and as a log- matters has been the growing power ical corollary the possibility of a life of the Socialist party, which first apafter death. He had a great follow- peared in Italy twenty years ago. To ing in Italy, including many scientists understand present-day conditions in as well known there as Lombroso him- Italy, American readers will have to approach the subject of socialism with

a perfectly open mind. Whatever so- CAsino (The Ass), published at cialism may be in the United States, Rome. The Ass, of course is the comin Italy it stands for eactly those mon people, who do not know enough things which we mean when we say to get their rights. L'A sino, which "Reform," "Progress," "Constructive now has a New York edition, fights civilization," and so on. In no way all religion and all churches, savagely, can I make this so plain to church peo- virulently, wittily, with a wealth of inple as to say that Italy, with her 1,900 formation and caricature. The intelliyears of Christianity, never had a Sun- gent young working man in Italy genday-dosing law until the Socialists erally has a copy of L'Asino stuffed in secured it in Parliament. his pocket. Combined with the serv- ices of the Socialist party to the plain The natural result was that the people, with the drift of educated men plain people began to say, "What! In toward French atheism, and the silent 1,900 years the Church could never indifference to all religion which has get us a weekly day of rest, and the prevailed so long in Italy, this gave Socialists, whom we first heard of room enough for Professor Graf's twenty years ago, have got it already!,' fear that Italy was going to lose all re- There never was a law against child ligion and become a churchless race, labor in Italy until the Socialists got with only a mass of degrading superit; never a law for the protection of stition among the illiterate masses at women in industry, for the compensa- the bottom. tion of working men injured while at work. These and other beneficent It is is these things which have measures for the common people have produced the religious renaissance been secured by the Socialists, and the which is now boiling in Italy. The result is that the intelligent young extent to which this awakening has working men have been swept by thou- penetrated into the Roman Church itsands into the Socialist party. Every- self can scarcely be comprehended by body who works for human rights, Americans; and since this is a theme human freedom and opportunity in which no secular magazine or news- Italy is called a Socialist, and usually paper in the United States will touch, he is one. there can be no more fitting place for it than a church periodical. The unfortunate thing about this, from the churchman's standpoint, is Romolo Murri, previously referred that the Socialist party in Italy viru- to, is a case in point. He was a very lently assails all religion. It is not intelligent and consecrated young strange. It knows no religion but the priest. Perceiving the good accom- Roman Church, and it knows this as plished for the people by the Socialist consistently and permanently on the party, he yearned to take the Church side of the dasses against the masses into this great movement, instead of -the policeman who is to keep the leaving the latter to the forces of irmasses in order for the benefit of those religion. He began to organize Cathowho exploit them. 'Vhenever the peo- lic Socialist leagues in the Church. ple get this thoroughly into their heads Ordered to desist by the Vatican, he about any church, that church is in hesitated a little, then went on with his dang-er. The Italian Socialist organ is organization. Suspended from orders,

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY 60r

he founded a paper of his own, was and compare and exercise their private elected to Parliament, and took his judgment like the Protestant clergy. seat with the extreme radical wing, Suddenly Modernism swept upon them clad in his priestly vestments. like a flood. The men of the Left were carried away by it. They reject The exodus of priests from the Ro- all revealed religion and the historical man Church is now continuous, tho Christ. They believe in nothing. small. The priests who leave it have no trade, no profession. It commonly But these men are perfectly content causes a break between them and every to retain their places in the great friend they have in the world. Some scheme of Roman organization, to say of these priests are to-day chauffeurs, mass and endorse the adoration of waiters, cab-drivers. The former chap- relics of whose falsity they are conlain of the hospital of Santo Spirito, vinced. In the Left it is a renaissance in Rome,· is to-day a chauffeur in that of intellect, but not of conscience. city. Another is breaking stones in They scoff at dogma, but retain the the streets of Genoa. So strangely system. does that power work through the centuries which compels men to "come The Right is made up of those who out," to leave ease and dignity for hold to the old dogma, the old prachardship and contempt, when their tises in everything; who are content higher nature is no longer satisfied and zealous Romanists, and see no with the life they are leading. need for change.

One must know the revolutionary The Center is made up of devout state of affairs existing in the Roman and earnest Catholics, who desire wide Church to understand this "coming and sweeping reforms in the Roman out." Not long ago a petition signed Church. They perceive that the by 25,00 Italian priests was presented Church of the twentieth century can to the Vatican, asking that priests be not retain the theory and practise of permitted to marry. That such a peti- the twelfth. Bishops Buonomeli of tion could be even thought of shows Cremona, and Scalabrini of Piacenza, the turbulent condition in the Church were leaders in this movement among itself. The Roman Church is to-day the high clergy. They were ordered divided into three parties, which are by the Pope to recant, and did so from called by the time-honored European the pUlpits in which they had preached terms to designate three parties: The reform. Fogazzaro, author of "The Left for the radicals, the Right for the Saint," is a leader of the laity in this conservatives, the Center for the Mod- movement, and there is a group of erates. intellectual young men of the nobility. Count Scotti, Marquis Alfieri, Count The Left in the Roman Church in Ce!ezia, Marquis Saragna and others, I taly to-day is composed of men who who are very earnest in this matter. have gone the extreme length of the higher criticism of the most extreme Reform is a word heard so often in German school. The higher criticism America that it almost loses its sigcame upon the Roman clergy sudden- nificance. We apply it to everything, ly. They have accepted dogma un- from spelling to trust regulation. It questioningly, unaccustomed to weigh is difficult for us to understand the life-and-death importance which de-

vout and intelligent Romanists in Italy ums were published in all the papers, attach to reform in the Church which discussing the matter with a plainness they reverence as the great, historic of speech incredible to one not famil- Church of the world. Such men real- iar with the press of Latin countries.

ize that a church which still permits One can not know Italian and Italy its devotees to lick the floor in pay- without hearing these shocking things ment of vows; which gathers great continually.

crowds to see the blood of a dead saint In September, I908, Pius X, speak- boil in public; which permits the ado- ing to the Venetian pilgrims visiting ration of relics which any intelligent him, discouraged the reading of "even person must consider spurious, can not Roman Catholic books and news- long stand the white light of the papers." "The less you read the bet- twentieth century. The twentieth cen- ter it will be for you," said he. This tury is questioning everything-the in one sentence expresses the attitude Bible, the Church, the school, the gov- of the Vatican. The Vatican meets ernment, even the home. There is the inrushing tide of modern thought not an institution so ancient or so by instructions not to read. The Ro- sacred that it is not obliged to make man Church "stands pat." It stands good its claims to the respect of the pat for a twelfth-century Christianity twentieth century. I have heard a in the twentieth century. Every man Sicilian engineer, choking with laugh- who desires reform is denounced as a ter, tell how his captain prayed fer- modernist or atheist. Monks are de- vently to a wooden image in a storm graded from the higher offices and set at sea, and when the storm continued, to scrubbing the monastery floors; seized the image and flung it into the priests find every avenue of prefer- sea, with the remark, "Since you are ment closed to them. And because of so found of water, go there and get a- this attitude, because the movement plenty." When even the skilled work- for reform is just as ineffectual as it ing men are jeering at "religion," and was in the days of Savonarola or Vit- subscribing to L'A sino, devout Italian toria Colonna, this slender stream of Romanists realize that the Church is priests is silently dropping out of the in deadly peril. "Center" day by day, and betaking it- This from the intellectual side. On self to the seats of chauffeurs or cab- the moral, one incident will suffice. drivers, or even the stones of the In 1907, while the present writer was street.

living in Italy, accounts were pub- When they drop out, if they still lished in all the Italian dailies of a want a church, they turn to the Wal- convent school in Milan attended by densians. It is their natural refuge.

young girls ranging down to ten years The Protestants sects are as foreign . and younger. When these little girls to Italians as the Waldensian Church went home for the vacation the par- is to us. Moreover, to the Italian ents of some of them found that they mind, trained in the shadow of the were afflicted with a disease which oldest and hugest of all the churches, can not be named. Investigation historical Protestantism has no stand- showed that the only men who had ac- ing at all. It is a thing of yesterday.

cess to the place were priests. Col- TheWaldensian is recognized as one

OF THE PLAGUE IN

branch of the Apostolic Church-an tant Church of America. The WaIevangelical development of that densian Church is back of it. It sends Church, as Rome was the ritualistic us better materials for citizens in the development. It is as ancient as Rome first place. Finding no Waldensian itself, and it is Italian. As the princes church here, Waldensian immigrants of Savoy came down to rule over turn naturally to the Protestants. United Italy, so this ancient little Some regular system should be dechurch of Savoy has come down from vised by which every Waldensian emiits Alpine fastness to spread over the grant from Italy should be given letpeninsula. It seems as if it had been ters on his departure to some fixt preserved almost miraculously from representative of the Protestant apostolic times until the day when Church on this side, by him to be di- Italy was ready for a native evangeli- rected to a suitable church home. And cal church. letters to the Waldensian Church in Italy should be given to returning It is necessary to understand this Protestant immigrants. The threads situation to understand the strange of this web that the ocean shuttle is receptivity to evangelical teachings weaving should be gathered up and found among the Italian immigrants added to the fabric of an Italian Protin America. A rich field, ripe for the estant citizenship in both hemispheres. harvest, lies waiting for the Protes- RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA BY REV. F. W. S. O'NEILL, M.A., FAKUMEN, MANCHURIA Late on a cold night last January, lation to non-Christians, and (3) nonin the office of the Plague Prevention Christians. Committee of Fakumen, while reports of deaths and hurried orders left little I-Chriatianl leisure for reflection, a voice was raised in prayer: "0 God, may the 1. From about December, 19IO, till people be led, as in the time of Jonah, April, 19II, mainly along the lines of to repent, that Thy chastening hand the railways and the roads leading to may be stayed, for hast Thou not sent the Great Wall, pneumonic plague carthis calamity because they would not ried off 46,000 Chinese of all ages and listen to the Gospel?" Such was the classes. An instance of its virulence, thought of the acting superintendent given Dr. Wu, the chairman of the International Plague Conference, * of plague work, Elder Shang. In shows the havoc wrought among a congregation of Christians. The what follows an attempt will be made French Catholic priest of Harbin, unto state some facts and to suggest a willing to allow any of his converts to few inferences regarding the recent be taken to the plague hospital, had visitation in Manchuria, as it affected them all removed to the mission com- (I) Christians, (2) Christians in re- pound. Daily services were held in the church. When the infection devel- * For the story of this Manchurian leader see oped, so rapid was the spread of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, January, 1907.

disease that in little over a month, out vaccine to Christians and their friends. of 300 converts 243 had succumbed, 3. Not only did the followers of the in addition to the priest himself and his assistants. In Hulan, near Har- Good Physician exhibit a spirit of bin, 32 Chinese Catholics died. On wisdom in the use of the blest means the other hand, very few Protestant of prevention, but still more did they Christians fell victims to the scourge. prove to be men and women of prayer. This result is, doubtless, in part due When in Fakumen it became neces- sary to hold the Sunday services in A DOCTOR, NURSE. AND ASSISTANTS IN A PLAGUE HOSPITAL to the fact that the instructions of the the open or elsewhere than in the mission doctors were adhered to, par- church, the members agreed to set ticularly in the suspension of large apart some time each day at noon in meetings at th e worst centers. their homes or shops for special prayer. This practise was also fol- 2. It is true that the senior Chinese lowed in other places. Several cures Protestant pastor denounced inocula- of minor ailments were reported as tion and other preventive measures as the result of supplication. a want of faith. This, however, is an almost solitary exception to the praise- In fine, our Christians once more worthy conduct of our Christians in stood a severe test of their intelligence general. Everywhere they showed and their faith. They have emerged their enlightenment by setting an ex- victorious. ample of obedience to the strict sanitary and isolation rules. Where vac- II-Christians in Relation to Noncine was available, they were readier Chriatians than others to apply for inoculation. Even after the outbreak had passed, 1. The missionaries remained at an enthusiastic missionary succeeded their posts and were among the first in administering 600 doses of plague to see the danger and to urge on the authorities the adoption of plans of prevention. In tbis way the handl1 of

OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA

the magistrates were strengthened in churia, it is probable that the plague their efforts to overcome the igno- would have got beyond control altorance and callousness of the "black~ gether." haired people." Naturally, the missionary doctors came to the front. By 2. Probably the deepest impression the side of the heathen official stood on heathen China was made, not by the expert Christian physician, whose the skill and efficiency of the Chrisweighty words, however, sometimes tion doctors, but by their voluntary fell on deaf ears. Dr. Gordon's knowl- braving of danger, even to the sacri- fice of life itself. Such devotion was Df,'. ASPLAND EXAMTNING A BATCH OF "CONTACTS" AT QUARANTINE edge of bacteriology and twenty years' not, indeed, confined to one nation or experience were unheeded by the ob- one creed. In the performance of structive Taoati of Changchun. In con- their duties three French priests laid sequence, the disease took a terrible down their lives. Civil doctors, Japahold of the city, and the Taoati was nese, Russian and French, perished at dismist. Dr. McKillop Young, of Hu- their posts. And yet it was the passlan, was sent for by the Prefect, who ing away on January 25th at Mukden, "showed the utmost eagerness to get after only two months' residence in measures started." Not to multiply the country, of the distinguished young instances, the following testimony may Doctor Jackson, of the Scottish Misbe quoted from the Peking and Tient- sion, that struck home to the hearts sin Times.. "The presence of Dr. of the people as nothing else did. In- Christie at Mukden at such a moment vited to take charge of the inspection of crisis has been of inestimable value and segregation of several hundreds to the Chinese Government, for with- of passengers at the railway station, out his organizing powers, his medical among whom plague had broken out, skill and his prestige throughout Man- he worked heroically for ten days,

when the temperature was so low that So again, in less remarkable ways, his hands were frost-bitten. On hear- the Christians rendered excellent serving the news of the doctor's death, the ice. The pastor of Chinchiatun evolved Viceroy of Manchuria, a strong-mind- a prescription of quinine and maged Confucianist, wept with loud cries. nesium sulfate. By the liberality of the members a large stock of this curi- ous remedy was provided and distrib- uted gratis to a crowd of applicants, effecting many notable cures.

As for particular endeavors to use the occasion for the propagation of the Truth, the premier congregation of Manchuria in East Mukden issued and scattered broadcast a very point- ed sheet tract, entitled "The Day of Repentance." But in the main, the circulation of literature was confined to plague-prevention rules, produced by various mission hospitals and presses, including, for example, 3,000 copies printed by the Weihsien Mis- sion Press in Shantung..

DR. STENH OUSE EXAMINING A SUSPECT JII-Non-Cbriatiana Immediately he sent a gift of $2,000 I. Turning to consider the intellect- (Mexican) to the Mission Hospital ual and moral effects of the late visitaand $10,000 (Mexican) to Dr. Jack- tion of Providence on the people as a son's widowed mother (who returned whole, one is first compelled to notice it to Mukden for the new Medical certain elements of evil. With the in- Mission College, of which her son was veterate suspicion of the ignorant Chito have been a teacher). Everything nese, the scourge was attributed to that the Viceroy could do to show his the machination of the diabolical forrespect and his sorrow was done. A eigners. In most cases the blame was profound impression was created on laid at the door of the Japanese, who the minds of all. were said to have hired Koreans to poison the wells. Toward the end of 3. Nor were the Christian Chinese the outbreak, when Doctor Gordon, of behindhand in self-sacrificing labor for the Irish Mission, was summoned their fellow men where opportunity home on account of the serious illness occurred. When it was difficult to of his son, the popular version of his obtain anyone to take charge of sudden disappearance was, that havthe Fakumen Plague Hospital, Elder ing discovered a sure remedy for the Shang volunteered to go himself. And plague, he became obnoxious to the there he lived throughout the epidemic, wicked Japanese, who succeeded in ready, if the call came, to give up his doing away with the good English life. doctor.

I I 1 RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN

Of a more serious nature was the and the hero of the International Conobstruction offered by the merchant ference, twenty-five plague corpses, class in some of the principal cities to which he dissected at the peril of his the rigorous isolation measures. The life. Doubtless one of the first results Viceroy was unable to prevent the of such a shattering of ancient preju- Mukden Chamber of Commerce from dice will be the spread of scientific setting up an amateur plague hospital truth in regard to the human body. for members of their own class, until The Medical Mission College, which their criminal folly had sent the daily is to be opened this year in Mukden, death-rate up from 30 to 60. is likely to receive enthusiastic support from high and low. 2. It is pleasanter to chronicle some A PILE OF PLAGUE VICTlMS IN COFFINS.. READY FOR BURNING indications of resulting good. Perhaps It was the humiliation of China's the chief lesson that China has been defeat by Japan in the war of 1894-95 taught is-humiliation. The ineffi- that first startled the multitude out of ciency of their primeval methods of their apathy and prepared the way for dealing with disease, the want of the great influx of the four following cleanliness and sanitation, their utter years into the Manchurian Church. inability to cope with the vast and Who shall say what will follow this sudden terror, compelled the Chinese last severe shock to the security of the to look abroad for help. Superstition nation's ignorance and pride? has received a deadly blow, in witness whereof may be mentioned the strik- 3. Of still weightier import, if also ing facts, (a) that cremation "was ac- less certainly permanent, is the imcepted by the people without com- provement in the relations between plaint or hindrance," and (b) that the Chinese and foreigners, united in face Government had the courage to grant of a common foe. The civilized world to Dr. Strong, the American delegate came forward, in sympathy at least, to share the terrible burden. Foremost

of all were the Japanese, the most sus- thanksgiving service was held in Fakupected and the most disliked. Let a men church. It was attended by the single illustration suffice. When plague officials, gentry and merchants of the appeared in Fakumen, the only avail- town, and was presided over by the able qualified physician, Dr. Morita, prefect. While from the pulpit the of the Public Hospital, was on leave chairman was exhorting the large aubeside his dying father's bedside in dience to expel the infection of evil Japan. The condition of things in the from their hearts, in a distant part of town was going from bad to worse. the town there was taking place the An urgent telegram brought the doc- theatrical performance, organized by tor back. Everything depended on the the Merchants' Gild, to render thanks action of this one man. By his cour- to the gods for the remission of the age and devotion he stamped out the plague. And yet, during the previous scourge and saved the town. week, the gods themselves had been removed from one of the principal lo- The International Plague Confer- cal temples and buried in a pit, in order ence, summoned by the Chinese Gov- to make way for required hospital acernment, with experts from eleven commodation. countries (of whom two were missionary doctors), was a conspicuous suc- After Doctor Jackson's death, at a cess, not solely along the line of scien- memorial service in the British Contific investigation, but also in the mat- sulate in Mukden, the Viceroy of Manter of mutual good-will. The more churia used in his speech these touchclearly China is permitted to take her ing words: "Doctor Jackson . . . place in the family of nations the with the heart of the Savior, who gave more surely will Christianity receive His life to deliver the world, respondfair play, neither hindered by the op- ed nobly when we asked him to help position of those in authority nor fa- our country in its need…. Noble vored by the miscreants who wish Spirit, who sacrificed your life for us, to employ against that authority the help us still and look down in kindness power of an alien church. upon us all." Can such a wistful prayer, joined with the urgent en- 4. Regarding distinct signs of other treaties of God's children on behalf of than merely intellectual repentance, it Manchuria, be offered up in vain? is obviously premature to speak. A OUR BROTHER MAN 0, brother man, fold to thy heart thy brother. Where pity dwells, the peace of God is there.

To worship rightly is to love each other; Each smile a hymn, each kindly deed a prayer.

Follow with reverent steps the great example Of Him whose whole work was doing good.

So shall the wide earth seem our Father's temple; Each loving life a psalm of gratitude. -Whittier.

INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION

SPRINGS, NEW YORK, 1911 REPORTED BY REV. W. H. BATSTON1, M.D., BELLEVILLE, CANADA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, India The International Missionary Union, . . The cause of foreign missions is not, which now numbers nearly I,400 members, representing most of the and can not, be a lost cause. missionary societies of the United States and Canada, met at Clifton … Springs, N. Y., May 3I to June 6, Not only America for the world's sake, with 105 members present. but the world for America's sake.

The general topic for consideration '" '" * at this conference was "The Decisive Hour of Christian Missions," and the Every age has its focal thought. The present critical conditions of the prin- focal thought of the middle ages was seen cipal mission fields of the world were in the Crusades; that of the seventeenth discust by missionaries and missionary century was Reformation; of the eightofficers. eenth century, revival; and of this cell- tury it is missions. In the memorial service the names of eighteen missionaries were record- '" • * ed as having died during the year, among them the Rev. John H. De Nothing has served to stem the flood Forest, of Japan; Dr. Clara Swain, the first woman medical missionary to . of worldliness at home so much as the the Orient; and Dr. Humphrey, of India. Twenty-eight of the mission·· cause of foreign missions. aries present are to return to the mission field within a few months, and the … … farewell meeting to these was of a most thrilling character. This "camp- Let one fail in trying to do something fire council of the world" was the rather than fail by sitting still and doing "high-tide" conference of recent years. nothing. Nuggets from Conference Addressea >I< >I< >I< Can ye not discern the signs of the times? This is the decisive hour of The church needs a vision of the world Christian missions. and of Christ. ••• >I< >I< • There are four threads in the loom of God: The doors of the world are open at 1. The discovery of the whole world. the costs of great sacrifices, of prayers, 2. The recovery of the whole Gospel. 3. The uncovering of the secrets of na- tears, labors, and gifts. Let us enter ture. 4. The enlistment of the whole church. them! * • >I< ••• . . Ve have magI'ificent armories, and Sometimes the problems of the world weapons, but often lack the war spirit. make us forget that God is omnipotent. … ••• The price of shining is burning. The great missionary movement is God's, and we are only part of it. >I< >I< * Thank God, men are beginning to think in the terms of Jesus Christ-in terms of the world.

>I< • • The joy and privilege of being lights in heathen darkness outweighs the incon- veniences, persecutions, and deadweights of heathenism.

>I< • • The English language and literature are great factors in the evangelization of the non-Christian world.

••* There may be a yellow peril if China and Japan are not Christianized-what they need most is the spirit and heart of Christianity.

India is the hardest miSSIOn field, and Korea Africa is the most unhealthy. Of the 11,000,000 Koreans, 300,000 are already Christians. Thirty thousa*nd *und*ergraduates and *** 200,000 other young people in the United The Korean Christians are distin- States and Canada last year systematic- guished for their ally studied books on foreign missions. 1. Love of the Bible. *** 2. Prayer life in church and home. 3. Activity as Christian workers. Students in 800 higher institutions of 4. Remarkable generosity. learning in the United States and Canada gave $100,000 for foreign missions. •** Some so-called* Ch*ristia*n giving is often Many Koreans went without one meal a day to send famine relief to India and of the nature of a gratuity-a tip-to China.

God. ••• *** If any man will follow me, let him deny Koreans having lost their earthly coun- try, are now seeking the heavenly. himself. There's not one law for the *** poor and another for the rich. Every Korean convert must bring an- •*• other before he is received into full mem- bership. Are we never to do anything for Jesus * * * There has been an average of one conbut the things that we enjoy doing. version every hour, since the first mis- **• sionary went to Korea.

The problem of missions is not on the Twenty-two t*hous*and*Koreans joined mission field, but in the church at home. the Pocket New Testament League last year. *•• *** Missionary work means conquest, sac- The Bible in Korea is a living book. rifice, suffering and victory. People have traveled 100 miles on foot in order to study its truths. *•• For every d*ay *sinc*e a missionary Often converts are called upon to endure greater sacrifices than the mission- landed in Korea, 26 years ago, a Chris- tian church has been organized. ary. *** *•* Last year 24,724 Korean Methodists Fellowship with Christ thrusts us forth gave over $37,000. to service. * Some Christian Ko*rea*ns not only tithe ••* their money, but also their time. The lonelier you are in Christian work, •*• the nearer you are to Christ, who trod In one Bible class of twelve women this world alone. they gave 170 months of their time in Christian service in one year. In Wang- ••• hai (Yellow Sea) Province, 160 men and women gave sixteen years. There's not a missionary who doesn't One church of 300 people gave 4,000 crave the prayers of God's people. days. The total contribution of time in one season equaled the preaching of Multiplicity o•f o*rgan*ization can not one man for 300 years.

take the place of the vital touch with * * * A missionary said, "1 had to go to Jesus Christ. Korea to learn how to pray." *** The missionaries present at the 1. M. U. Convention at Clifton Springs, June, 1911, represented 3,200 years of missionary service. Six ladies present gave 202 years of service.

There are 700•,000*squ•are miles of un- discovered territory in Arabia.

Often Korean workers, when hurriedly Of the 65,000 Christians in Burma only passing through a village with no time 4,000 are Burmese proper. to preach, will step into the church and pray. A Burman w•ants* his* head converted China before his heart. In 1877 an edict was published absolutely prohibiting woman's work in in- *•* land China; now the whole country is open. A missionary recently had to explain to a lady that Burma and Bermuda were * The ice and* snow *of superstition, not the same.

bigotry, and pride of thirty centuries in Japan China is fast passing away, and to-day The Japanese are wonderfully loyal to is the decisive hour. their emperor and country, and, as Chris- tians, are loyal to Christ. China has new* ed*ucati*onal, postal, and *•• currency systems, and is about to establish national and provincial assemblies. Formerly the merchant class in Japan was looked down upon. Now commer- * * * In Hunan province, women as well as cialism reigns supreme .

men know how to read and write. Leaders of th•oug*ht i*n Japan are in- In many part*s of* Ch*ina converts are clined to regard Christianity as the re- ligion that best meets their need. required to read and write before they are baptized. The Japanese *educ*atio*nal system tends * * When Gofort*h and his commpanions to cramming, is secularizing, and teaches cold morality. were trying to enter Hunan province, Hudson Taylor said, "If they ever do it, Tokyo is the *grea*test *educational cenit must be on their knees." They did it. ',er in the world. * * * As a result of an operation on a boy Female educa*ticn*in *Japan is wholly patient in one of the Chinese mission hospitals, ninety people of his village be- the result of Christianity. came inquirers. *•* The cigaret ha*s fo*und*its way all over Christianity has set up in Japan a new China. Shall we be behind with the Gos- ideal of character, and its influence is pel? permeating all government institutions of learning. India and Burma One of the encouraging signs in India **• is the formation of national missionary societies. Large numbers of Christians in Japan have positions of trust in business, banks, * * * For centuries thousands of little Hindu and the Government.

girls have been married to the gods, thus The Christian Church in Japan is combecoming temple girls, which meant a ing to the front, and the preacher who life of shame. can testify that Christ has changed char- acter gets the largest audiences. Within the last few years the Government of Bombay and the Maharaja of Turkey Mysore have forbidden the dedication of The Committee of Union and Progress minors to this service. of the Young Turk party (so called) is made up of educated Turks, Albanians, * India has been*called t*he burning heart Armenians, Bulgarians, Servians, Greeks of Asia. and others. * • • * * * Four-fifths of the population of Burma Before the Revolution of 1908 there was no freedom of speech, of the press, is Burmese, and the remainder are of assembly, or travel. Karens and other tribes. The Mohamm•edan• co*nception of God lacks the love side.

Turkish women allowed themselves to baking-powder tins, and these they use be sold from harem to harem in order as pockets. The natives' garb provide no to spread the cause of freedom. pockets.

>I< ,.. ,.. Latin Countries Last May, Christian Sunday-school In Porto Rico the decisive hour of children marched through the streets of missions is seen in the tendency of the Constantinople singing, "Onward Chris- upper classes toward evangelical Christian Soldiers." tianity.

* * * Freedom of conscience is not fully at- *** tained in Turkey, in consideration of the Mexico needs our prayers; drunkenolder school of Mohammedans. ness and vice is appalling.

,.. * ,.. * * ..

In Mohammedan lands the death pen- The doors in South America are open, alty can be lega1Jy pronounced on all but not off their hinges. Mohammedans becoming Christian, altho it is not always carried out. *** * * One of the res*ults of Christian missions In Venezuela there is a law against the increase of the number of clergymen. in Mohammedan lands is that, consciously or unconsciously, the students in our *** schools are beginning to view life from the angle of Christ. In Ecuador and Bolivia, prejudice must be overcome by schools and colleges. Bulgaria There are 1,500,000 Bulgarians in *** Macedonia. Bulgaria was 500 years under Turkish In Peru, al1 persons entering Protesrule. tant meeting places-even bishops-must For the last thousand years the Greek possess tickets of admission. Church remained practically unchanged. Recently the Greek Church and the *** Government in Bulgaria undertook to give the Bible to the people, and the The population of South America is first edition of 50,000 were rapidly sold. 40,000,000.

Africa *** The people of Africa are not a1l ne- Dr. Robert Speer is reported as saying groes; there are millions of Arabs, Copts, that after six months in South America, Berbers and Moors. he never saw greater darkness excepting in Central Africa, and that he went into ,.. * * seventy of the largest cathedrals in South America, and after diligent inquiry found There are 3,000 British settlers in only one Bible, and that a Protestant British East Africa. Bible about to be burned. If the Bible is not in their chUl;-ches, how much less *** in their homes?

Hyenas are the walking graveyards of *** Africa. When a man dies, his body is Henry Martyn, when in South America, prayed, "0, God! when wilt thou bring taken back into the bush and left there. the true cross to this land in the place of the crucifix?" ,. * * *** When eleven men, women, and chil- There is a world-wide protest against dren, and seventeen goats live together the Roman Catholic Church in France, Italy, Portugal and Spain; while in every in a hut fifteen feet square, it is difficult South American country they say Ro- manism is not to be the state religion. for the flowers of love and tenderness *** to flourish. * ,. * In recent years, 1,364 priests have left Sometimes the native women in Africa the Church of Rome in France.

pierce their ears and enlarge the hole until they can insert empty one-pound

FROM GERMAN

BY LOUIS MEYER The German East Africa Mission- two Mohammedans also have asked ary Society celebrated its twenty-fifth for Christian instruction and baptism. anniversary in the spring of this year. Thus the Lord sends special encour- Founded at a time when Germany had agement to the German East Africa acquired its first colonies, and when Society at the close of the first quarter public opinion was very much divided of a century of faithful work in dark concerning the wisdom and advantage Africa. of the acquisition, its first years were The Leipsic Missionary Society will filled with great difficulties, and much be able to look back upon 75 years of faith was required of those in charge blest work for the Master on August of the work. Its first work was at 17, 191I. Its chief field of labor is in Dar-es-Salaam, the most important southern India, which is considered a city of German East Africa, but most difficult field, tho entered al- Usambara was entered in 1891, and ready more than two hundred years a blest work among the heathen ago by the missionaries of the Halle- Shambalas was commenced. Many of Danish Society: When this work was these heathen have been converted and taken over by the Leipsic Society in baptized, and throughout the country 1837, there were but 1,400 native a weakening and breaking up of hea- Christians in the two stations, Tranke- then superstition is apparent, tho the bar and Porciar, and only 300 scholars majority of the people still remains in the missionary schools. In 1861 heathen. Lately, alas, Mohammedan- there were nine stations, 4,800 Chris- ism has entered the country, and it has tians, 1,000 pupils, and nine European quickly become powerful and threaten- missionaries, and two native evangel- ing. It is true that the great mass of ists; in 1886 there were 21 stations, the Shambalas still decline to accept 13,700 Christians, 3,300 pupils, and 25 the tenets of Islam, chiefly perhaps be- European missionaries, and 4 native cause they forbid the eating of the evangelists; in 191 I there are 40 staflesh of fallen animals, but the chiefs tions, 21,900 Christians, 11,700 pupils, and the traders are in favor of Islam. and 54 European missionaries, and 28 The missionaries in general declare native evangelists. Truly, a wonderthat Mohammedanism is a more ful growth. dangerous enemy than heathenism. The Rhenish Missionary SocieWre'-" Among the adherents of the latter only ports that the total number of native the medicine men, or waganga, are Christians in its extensive spheres of open enemies of Christianity, which activity was 158,621 on January I, threatens their profitable business, but 19II, so that the year 1910 brought every true Mohammedan holds every a net increase of 13,6g2. The work in Christian in contempt, and contempt Sumatra brought richest fruit, viz., is a dangerous weapon among these 7,421 baptisms of heathen (3,600 in people. Many a man among the 1909), so that the Christians there Shambalas joins the forces of Moham- number I03,528 now. The missionmedanism rather than be considered aries among the Hereros were enabled with contempt, and thus Islam spreads to baptize 1,610 heathen (736 in 1909), rapidly. The German East Africa and thus the number of native Chris- Society has at present seven stations tians were increased to 12,666. Since in Usambara, and five stations in Ru- the number of inquirers under Chrisanda, which is located west from Lake tian instruction, preparatory to bap- Victoria Nyassa and was entered only tism, was 19,642, (13,199 at the close a few years ago. In Ruanda, often of 1909), it is quite certain that the called the country of the giants and number of native Christians will conthe dwarfs, the first heathen have tinue to increase. The inquirers numapplied for baptism, 12 in Kirinda, bered I1,240 in Sumatra, and 3,~Jn and 'I in Dliinga. In the latter station Hereroland at the close of 1910, while

Nias, where the harvest of souls is so that the number of baptized native~ just commencing, reported 3,756 ear- increased to 62,972, of whom 33,683 nest inquirers at the close of 1910. were communicants. In 424 schools of The missionary force of the Rhenish all descriptions, 15,925 boys and girls Society consisted of 203 European received Christian instruction during workers, of 1,010 paid native helpers, 1910. The income of the society was and of 1,927 voluntary helpers (with- about $315,000, from all sources in out pay). 1910.

The Berlin Missionary Society held The Gossner Missionary Society, its annual meeting on June 14. Its which is 75 years old now, held its seventy-eighth annual report tells a annual meeting on June I I. It was story of great blessings and of con- able to close 1910 without a new detinued progress. In German East Af- ficit, its total income being almost rica the number of baptized heathen is $120,000, but the old deficit of more ten times larger to-day than ten years than $30,000 is rather burdensome. Its ago (1901, 328; 19If, 3808), while chief work is among the heathen Kols, the number of native Christians in all whose land the first Gossner missionits fields has increased to 62,972 at aries entered in 1845. Through the the close of 1910 (36,690 in 1898). blessing of God about 71,000 Kols The deficit with which the year closed have already become Christians, while was very small, tho there had been the missionaries have great difficulties great fear of a large one. In South to prepare the enquirers, who number Africa Ethiopism is growing less about 18,000 at present. Upon its strong, and the work of preparation other field in India, along the Ganges, for a native church is progressing. In the missionaries are also beginning to German East Africa the cause of reap the harvest after years of dis- Christ is advancing under the faithful couraging and seemingly vain labor. work of the Berlin missionaries, but the battIe with Islam is growing The Breklum Missionary Society, stronger, as in the sphere of activity which has most successful work in of the East Africa Society. The dan- India, has decided to extend its activger threatening from Islam has caused ity and enter upon the preaching of the planning of a conference of all the Gospel in some needy part of Dark- .~mlln and English missionary so- est Africa, probably East Africa. cieties working- in German East Africa. It will be held in the fall un- The North German Missionary Soder the leadership of Superintendent ciety, in Bremen, celebrated its seven- Klamroth of the Berlin Society. The friends and supporters of the society ty-fifth anniversary on Jnne II and 12. also have recognized the seriousness of the progress of Islam in German Among the guests were representa- East Africa, and have already fur- tives of the German Colonial Office nished the necessary means for the and of the Governments of the Ransa opening (or, perhaps better, reopen- Cities (Bremen, Hamburg, and Liiing), of the Station Pommern in the beck), which fact proved that official Muhanga country, while means are Germany is rapidly awakening to the promised for another station, Schlesi- importance of missionary effort in its en. in the threatened district. colonies, for the chief work of the North German Society is within Ger- The Berlin Missionary Society had, man West Africa. Of its 8 stations, on January I, 1911, 86 stations, 463 6 are in Togoland and two in the out-stations, 70~ preaching places, Il7 British Gold Coast Colony, while of ordained and 1.1 lay European mission- the 153 outstations, 134 are in the aries, 180 other European laborers German colony. The number of bap- (teachers, deaconesses, etc.), 1,138 na- tisms was 1,244 in 1910, so that a tive helpers (25 ordained). The num- higher number of natives was added to the church than in any previous ber of baptisms of adults was 1,825, year. In speaking of these baptisms, 1 it IS well to remember that the total number of natives baptized during the

DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE 61

first fifty-five years of missionary ac- wiped out the old large deficit, so that it entered the last quarter of its first tivity was only one thousand. The century entirely free of debt. Another number of native Christians in Togo- jubilee gift is the revision of the whole land has increased to 5,652, in the Gold Bible in the Ehve language, just com- Coast Colony to 2,622. In the 164 mis- pleted and immediately to be printed. sionary schools, 5,895 pupils were under Christian instruction during the The work of German Missionary Societies is in a most prosperous conpast year (5,639 in 1909). The so- dition, and the interest of German ciety closed the current year without Christians in the evangelization of the a new deficit, and was able to report world is steadily increasing. that its friends and supporters had DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE* BY PROFESSOR JEAN C. BRACQ The stern fact is that the French evolution. The editor of that interest- ing symposium wisely says it is undenation is moving away from its re- niable that religious studies have taken of late years an extraordinary developligious moorings. The priest has been ment; never, perhaps, since the Refor- mation has there been such a display deprived of his former non-religious of curiosity for all that concerns re- ligion, such labors of erudition, of powers. . . . No more can he criticism, and of propaganda. . . .

molest the non-Catholic pupil or terro- The College de France has had for many years an admirable course of rize the lukewarm Catholic professor, highly important scientific studies on even the doubting one, by the pros- religions. Professor Reville, long the incumbent of this chair, was a radical pect of dismissal. . The recent unitarian, but a most candid and able scholar, ever insisting upon the tranpolitical defeats of clerical candidates scendent importance of religion. Pro- fessor Loisy, recently elected to the show that the clergy have lost their same chair, is animated with a kin- dred spirit. The Practical School of former hold, and that the causes which High Studies, in the Sorbonne, has a score of courses by specialists devoted they endorse are decidedly unpopular. to the religions of the great people of the world, while the Sorbonne itself As Comte G. d'Avenel, a distinguished has now three chairs studying differ- eut periods in the history of Christian- French Catholic, puts its: Catholicism ity.

"has lost its material domination, the secular arm. It no longer leads the State, and has no longer any place· in the State. It has lost the masses. Its temples in a thousand places are de- serted." . . . Anti-clericalism is often synonymous with anti-religion.

Socialism, long and bitterly antago- nized by the priests, has become a unit against them. . . .

The churchless are, however, far from indifferent to religious problems, and any able religious speaker will find 1 he feeling grows that religion has hearers outside of the church more been one of the most fundamental deeasily than in America. In the early terminants of the character of various part of 1907 the Mercure de France civilizations. . . . There was never, organized an extensive inquiry, ask- during the preceding regime, such an ing eminent men "whether we are wit- intellectual zest for the problems of renessing a dissolution or an evolution of ligion. The philosophers have given -and are still giving-a large place religious thought?" The overwhelm- to this subject. They admit more and ing majority of French contributors more the importance of religious· feel- ings in the evolution of society and in decided for the second alternative, that we are in the presence of a religious • ExtracIS frolll Chapter JX of Professor Bracq's "France Under the RepubliCo"

comparative psychology, as well as the introducing into their work modern bearing of those feelings upon the va- critical and scientific methods, but with rious aspects of metaphysics. The ma- only a very moderate success. . • .

jority of them are ready to concede the But whatever be the system of train- practical value of the idea of God in ing, Catholic clergymen show a great- ethics as well as the great action of er readiness to break away from the religious forces upon sociological phe- Church, and several hundred priests nomena. In the philosophical teach- have left it during the last third of a ings of the secondary schools there is century. Through the increase of in- a general insistence upon the existence tellectual honesty, the influence of of God and the immortality of the military service and the loss of political soul. "Atheism," says M. power by the clergy, there has been a Georges Lyon, "is exceptional in the wholesome elimination of the former French philosophical world." This doubtful and mercenary elements of opinion of the distinguished rector of the priesthood. Never was there a the Academy of Lille has been again more active and aggressive spirit and again endorsed before the writer among young priests, and never have by other prominent speCUlative think- the French clergy allied to a greater ers. degree culture with devotion and life The introduction of philosophy into with doctrine.

the domain of religion upon a new One may say of the clergy, both scale is visible in the works of the secular and regular, that they have best Catholic and Protestant writers, grown in intensity and earnestness in the theses of Protestant students where they are dominant, in intelli- and in the better class of sermons. gence and moral power where they While the cleavage which has taken have been in touch with the philo- place in the world of beliefs has ar- sophical and scientific life. Politically rayed on the one side many who have and socially they move in a narrower become unreligious and atheistic, a range, but their real lasting spiritual corresponding movement has taken infhlence is greater.

place on the other toward a most Huguenot history renders to the positive faith. Atheists have become Christian Church and to historical deists, deists have accepted a broad science a great service in being a com- theism, and the philosophical theists f.·lete refutatlOn of the historic theory became for a time nea-Christians, the of races as the ultimate determinants neo-Christians liberal Catholics, and of religion. The study of the rise and some liberal Catholics have become ul- development of French Protestantism tramontane. Among those who have shows us how untenable is the asser- gravitated. toward belief there has tion that Germanic nations are Prot- been a tendency to give, at every angle estant and that the Celtic are Catho- of the religious prism, a larger place lic. . . .

to the mystical spirit without surren- The formula which represents the dering their philosophical ideals. . . . history of French Protestants during At the same time the spiritual auto- the last hundred years is the expansion cracy of the Vatican is as absolute as of life. This expansion has been mani- ever. The Gallican liberties, episcopal fested in the making of a new Protes- diglllty, and the independence of theo- tant ministry, in the development of a logical research are things of the past. Protestant literature, in their large and Some bishops-not those appointed varied philanthropies, in their mis- since the Separation-have endeav- sions, home as well as foreign, in "the ored to modernize the education of men whom Protestantism has jJro- their clergy, and have advocated the d,uced"-a truly remarkable list..:-in study of science as a help to faith. In "the high place in the world of some ways the Catholic universities of thought" caken by their ablest men, in Paris and Lille have done nobly in their self-organizing power.

EDITORIALS

OUR MEMORIAL NUMBER fund to found a lectureship or some "God buries His workmen, but carries on other fitting memorial to recognize His work." Doctor Pierson's life service. It was, This number of THE MISSIONARY however, very much against his wish REVIEW is largely devoted to a review and the wish of his family that any of the life and work of the late Editor- personal appeals should be made, so in-Chief. The purpose is not to glori- that the plan was not pushed to a suc- fy the man, no matter how praise- cessful conclusion. Some money was worthy may have been his character generously contributed, and was and his work; the motive in the prep- placed by the donors at Doctor Pier- aration of these brief tributes has been son's disposal, to use in any way he to glorify the Master as the One who saw fit. As he was about to start on called. his world missionary tour it seemed In the service held at Northfield, best to devote this money to mission- Mass., on August 6th, 19IO, in recog- ary work in the fields visited, and nition of Doctor Pierson's fifty years many worthy and needy causes were of service in the Gospel ministry, he substantially helped. Some friends would permit no eulogy of himself, have now suggested that a more per- asking only to be allowed to give his manent memorial might be established testimony to the faithfulness of God in Korea, the last mission field visited and the blessing that had come from by Doctor Pierson, the land where his trusting in His promises. The testi- daughter, Mrs. Curtis, is working, and mony was based on four passages of the land that so profoundly imprest Scripture: Psalm I: I and 2; Prov- him for the deep spirituality of the erbs 3: 6; Matthew 6: 33; and John missionaries and the Christlike char- 7: I7· Doctor Pierson recorded his acter of the work. It was the earnest conviction as to the importance of the hope of Dr. Pierson that he might be study of God's word, the open ac- spared to help build up this needed knowledgment of Him as Guide and work, and we know of nothing that King, the faithfulness of God's pro- would more fully meet his wishes or vision for every need, and the readi- more fittingly continue the work so ness of God to lead into the light dear to his heart than a Bible training those who are ready to follow it. school in Korea. It would best be con- Preparations are being made to ducted under the auspices of one of the publish a biography of Doctor Pierson missionary boards. It may be that some at an early date. His life was remark- who have been helped by Doctor Pier- ably rich in variety and incident; he son's teachings, and who would count was in close fellowship with some of it a privilege to help establish a fitting the widely known leaders of his day, memorial, would contribute a fund to and his character, his work and his establish and endow a Bible school for writings furnish a rich store from training Christian workers in Korea.

which to draw instruction and inspira- The abiding and growing influence of tion for all days to come. Friends such an institution could not be e&ti- who have any biographical material of mated. It is not in useless monuments general interest are asked to forward of stone that we would perpetuate the it as promptly as possible to the office name and influence of this great advo- of THE REVIEW. Reminiscences, cate of missions, but in some useful in- poems, newspaper clippings, incidents stitutions in which the spirit of Christ or letters will be especially valued and may be manifested and through which the originals will be returned if de- His kingdom may be promoted.

sired. DR. PIERSON'S FAREWELL MIS. SIONARY MESSAGE A Permanent Memorial At the time of Doctor Pierson's Golden Jubilee celebration last year Just before the late Editor-in-Chiefs some friends in America and in Eng- departure from Korea, where he spent land suggested the raising of a jubilee two months, he wrote, on January 8th,

a message to the missionaries whom caned for an inward transformation he had expected to meet in person, but was prevented by the condition of his at Peniel. ' health. As his last message to those who with him have held dear the faith "3rd. To Joseph-when the voice in Christ Jesus our Lord, and who with him have devoted themselves to called for administration of a regal rethe extension of the kingdom of God, this letter is of peculiar interest and sponsibility in a crisis of national peril. importance. Doctor Pierson wrote: "4th. To Moses-with a call to ab- "SEOUL, January 8, 1910. solute self-renunciation. "DEAR BRETHREN: "5th. Then to Joshua-when the "I had hoped that I might have had more personal contact with the be- call came to complete self-surrender loved missionaries here, but it has been simply impracticable. My health of his generalship and plans of warhas not allowed even private interviews to any considerable extent. fare into the hands of the invincible Early this week I am constrained to start on my way homeward, leaving Captain of the Lord's Host. only a general word of farewell and blessing. "6th. To David-a call to abandon "I wish to assure you that I have his own cherished plan for building a been here long enough to become intensely interested in the missionary house for God, even after it had been activity here, and it will have a permanent place in my daily prayers. formally approved by the prophet Na- "If I had been privileged to speak than, and to leave it to another to carry to you to-day it would have been from. Acts 26: 19: 'Vhereupon I was not out even after most extensive preparadisobedient unto the heavenly vision.' tions had been made, and vast sums of "The force of the word 'whereupon' is 'immediately,' there is therefore a money had been accumulated by himthree-fold lesson. self; which, if the numerical state- !'I. To every man there comes at some time a heavenly vision. ments in 1 Chron., Chapters 22 and 29, "2. The one duty is obedience. are to be depended upon, must have "3. And everything may depend upon the promptness of that obedi- amounted to about on,e hundred milence. "I had intended to use as an illus- lions of dollars-and this of his own tration of these truths, Acts 7, the keynote of which is the following words: private property in addition to still 'The God of glory appeared and said': that is to say, it was a vision accom- more vast preparations. panied by a voice, as all great visions are. "7th. To Solomon-it was a call to "There is a revelation of the will of God and a personal call. Then follow dependence upon a higher wisdom, eight instances of what may be called a 'vocal vision,' or a viliion accompan- notwithstanding his own brilliant enied by a voice. "1st. To Abraham-when the voice dowments. called for separation. ";md. To Jacob – when the voice "It will be seen that everyone of these was a call to some form of self- renunciation. Abram was called to renounce country and kindred. Jacob got no victory till he ceased from self- effort, and consented to be a cripple.

Joseph was called to renounce all human insight and foresight, in order to meet a great national crisis. Moses was called to renounce the riches of Egypt, a royal position and the throne of the world. Joshua was called to renounce all pride in his generalship, and follow measures only calculated to promote ridicule. David was called to renounce the chosen purpose of a life- time. And Solomon to renounce an wisdom of his own and all dependence upon everything but God.

"To all of these must be added the illustration furnished by Stephen him- self, who was called to make the great- est sacrifice that any man can make- to give up life itself, and exchange the blest activity of service for the but they were unable to agree as to pains and apparent disasters of martyrdom at the beginning of his career. which was the one.

"This is what I desire to leave as The first aim as Christians should my last message, and entrust in the n~me of the Lord to another's lips, be t,he mani~estatio? of the spirit of with the prayer that this divine lesson may be learned by us all. ChrIst, the Vital umon with Him the "Most affectionately yours in the perfect obedience to His control. This Lord, is gener~ll~ agree~ to in theory-why "ARTHUR T. PIERSON." not put It In practlse? The reason is DENOMINATIONAL UNITY that many men and denominations We are not among those who believe that the organic union of Chris- have not as much unselfishness and tendom, or of evangelical Christian churches is the first or most important spirit of sacrifice in the Church as step in winning the world to our Lord ] <:sus Christ, or in carrying out the they have in national life. In a village Wish of our Lord, exprest in His prayer, "That they may be all one." the first question should be-how can An external union might be the very ~eans to ~efeat our Lord's purpose. the cause of Christ be best manifested fo . our minds, the most important achievement first to be sought is the and promoted in this place? Then the closer and more perfect union with our Lord as head of the Church. If salary of ministers, the precedence of this is accomplished there may be many denominations, but one body and churches, the minor differences of one Spirit. If this be the first great aim of all Christians, then there can order of worship, church government be no rivalry or jealousy; it will make no difference whether the individual, and insignificant points of adomicstrsiinoe~ the society, or the denomination be will sink out of sight. In praised or lead in the world's work, each will be willing to be anathema if field the first consideration should be only the name of the Lord Jesus is glorified. the united witness to the Gospel and Some of the recent discussions on the exhibition of the spirit of brotherly church union seem to turn· on the point that none are willing to die. love. This is what will impress the History and prestige are held to be more important than life and work. non-Christian world. Then it will not In our cities, country districts, mission fields it is sometimes desirable that a be a question as to which society enchurch shall die for the sake of the kingdom of God. Yet in some of the tered the field first, or which has indiscussions relating to union and cooperation we are reminded of the de- vested the most money; it will be a bate on the raft at sea, where the party of survivors from the sinking ship question for friendly discussion and found that the water and provisions were insufficient to sustain them all, decision as to which body of workers and each agreed that one of the party should be willing to die for the others, can most successfully advance the kingdom of God in that place. A dif- ference of opinion may be amicably settled by arbitration or division of territory.

When we can, as Christians, agree that God is the universal Father and ruler, that Christ Jesus is the universal Savior and Lord, that surrender to Him is the way to receive the gift of life, that the Bible contains God's revela- tion of the way of life, and that God's Spirit brings light and life, power and love into the soul, then we shall be ready for union as followers of Christ Jesus, and will not waste time and energy and money in minor discus- sions or in perpetuating useless dis- tinctions. It is not the most essen- tial thing that a man or a church, a denomination or a mission, shall live physically, but it is most important that they shall live spiritually and per- petuate the spirit and teachings of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. MISSIONARY TREASURIES-WHAT without money can do infinitely more than money without God. IS THE TROUBLE? Third, as a rule it is the testimony ''Yord comes from missionary so- of those who are studying the probcieties in America and Great Britain lem that the chief difficulty lies with of large deficits in missionary treas- the short-sighted policies of the pasuries. The Church Missionary Soci- tors of churches and their official ety of England reports a debt of $240,- boards. Fears are openly exprest that 000 in spite of efforts to clear the money given to missions will dedeficiency. The London Missionary So- crease the home revenues, and that ciety is $215,000 behind, and the Eng- time and workers devoted to worldlish Baptist Missionary Society is in wide work will take away from those debt $50,000. The same condition ap- needed for the local church and compears in Scotland and in America. munity. Only a few of the societies have their balance on the right side of the ledger. There may be other causes for defi- All this is despite the great missionary ciencies in enlarged plans of societies, expositions, conferences and move- in political disturbances, gifts to more ments among men, women and young secular causes, and to commercial depeople. pression, but we are convinced that the chief cause is the general lower- What is the trouble? It is easier to ing of spiritual life in many of our ask the question than to answer it, but churches and cities, in the prevailing the difficulty seems to us to be three- laxity of ideas in regard to the necesfold: First, too much emphasis is sity of salvation through Christ alone, placed on great movements, on ma- and in the increase of luxurious and chinery, on secular support for Chris- selfish living. Weare not pessimistic, tian work; and too little emphasis is but we believe in looking the facts placed on the Spirit to move the ma- squarely in the face and in putting chinery, on the personal relationship first things first. of men and women to the Lord Jesus Christ himself, and on the call of duty THE GREATEST OBSTACLE TO and privileges in fulfilling His commission. Too much energy is used MISSIONS also in starting the machinery going, and too little in keeping it up. There Missionary Basden, in Onitscha on may be a whirlwind campaign that the Niger, West Africa, writes: "We will catch men up and carry them have here a flourishing congregation along like paper. Then the breeze of native Christians, and our meetdies down and there is a dead calm. ings are attended by 1,400 persons Men are silenced in their opposition to sometimes. Yet I am sure that dozens missions, but they are not born again of Europeans who pass through Onitin their relation to Jesus Christ and scha have returned to their homes and His work. are diligently affirming that they did not see a Christian native on the Niger. Second, too much emphasis is placed The indifference of Europeans to religon money and too little on the work ious matters is simply awful, and our to be done, and the Lord and His black Christians are unable to underworkers who are to do it. Men and stand it. Some years ago I was asked women are told how little sacrifice is the question, What makes missionary needed to give two or five cents a work especially difficult? and I was week, large gifts are announced and forced to answer, The bad influence advertised as evidence of consecration, of Europeans. The experience of the and standards of giving are set, but last years has only strengthened that the personal responsibility of each di- conviction." Many Americans are sciple to his Master is not made the likewise a hindrance to missionary efchief consideration. Some talk and fort, but some travelers and merchants write as tho money would convert the and government officers are a great world, whereas we know that God help to the work.

MISSIONARY

EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN only grow in usefulness as it grows in years." Training of Missionaries Christian Endeavor in Great Britain The first practical outcome of t~e Edinburgh Missionary Conference IS Some interesting figures were prethe formation of a Board of Study, sented recently in the report rendered consisting of representatives o~ var!- at the Christian Endeavor Conference ous missionary societies, the UnIVerSI- at Middlesbrough. It seems that the ties, and specialists in Oriental mat- total membership is over 228,618, the ters, who will provide facilities for the new societies registered during the more thorough training of mission- year numbering 156. There are 112 aries of all denominations in the lan- new societies in England, I9 in Ireguages, religions, and customs of the land, 17 in Scotland, and 8 in Wales. East. For some time the Edinburgh The president for the year is Rev. F. Conference International Continuation Committee has been considering the J. Horsefield, vicar of St. Silas, Brismatter, and at a largely attended me.eting at the Bible House the formatIOn tol, who said he would use his best of the Board was decided upon. The endeavors during the year to help for- .majority of the missionary societies ward the work, and to break down the have already appointed delegates to barriers of denominational prejudice. represent them, and the remainder are expected to follow suit.. It will be t.he London Mi.sionary Society's Ten Yean' business of the executIve to advIse candidates for the mission field, and Review give information to training colleges as to the curriculum, while it is antici- Deprest Christians who deplore the pated that the various missionary so- "arrested progress" at home, have cieties themselves will consult the only to look abroad to have their faith Board. The full scope of the Board's renewed and their interest revived. In work can not be decided upon till it is the London Missionary Society Chronknown what steps the Government is icle is a careful survey of the whole of taking with regard to the foundation their field during the past ten years, of a School of Oriental Studies simi- showing the work actually accomlar to the institutions which already plished. It is a splendid tale: exist in France and Germany. A simi- lar board is in the process of forma- "The church-membership has intion in the United States. creased from 58,059 to 84,185. The only mission which shows no increase A British Statesman on the Bible is South India. The church in Travan- core has grown from 7,901 to 11,243. A good example has been set by Sir In China the membership has slightly Robert Hart, for so many years Di- more than doubled, and is now 15,215, rector of Chinese Customs. He wrote as compared with 7,600 in 1891. The recently to the British and Foreign African Mission, especially in Central Bible Society as follows: "It occurs Africa, has also more than doubled its to me, as I am just opening a new membership, from 2,667 to 5,499. The check-book, that I could not do better church in Madagascar-amid all its than dedicate the first check to the troubles-has now a membership of British and Foreign Bible Society; so 29,449, as compared with 21,961; and here is a donation of a hundred guin- the Polynesian churches have grown eas. The work done is enormous, and from a membership of 14,544 to 19,- the good it accomplishes is beyond 462, the growth being mainly in Pa- all calculation. . . . As foundation pua." and scaffolding for all building, the Society has proved itself and its worth THE CONTINENT beyond all praise, and I am sure it will Norway and Medical Mi..ions A beginning of medical mission in- terest is reported from Norway.. The story is told in Medical Missions at Home and Abroad: "A Christian asso-

clatlOn of Norwegian physicians has the door and knocking." Mr. 'Fettler been founded at Christiania. The holds Bible classes in the palace of the members composing it are 35 physi~ Princess Lieven, to which some three cians from different parts of the coun- hundred persons come. The great hall try; and the chairman, Doctor Jen- of the city councilor Duma has been senius, 'Nordstrand, Christiania, gave granted to him for Sabbath-school an inspiring and beautiful address at demonstrations. The hall of the Nothe first meeting. The objects of the bel building (erected by the petroleum association are: (I) The strengthen- and dynamite king, Alfred Nobel, ing of the Christian life of the mem- founder of the Nobel Prizes), has also bers; (2) to promote the spiritual wel- been used by Fettler for evangelistic fare of medical students; (3) to stir services." up interest in medical missions in the form of homes for epileptics and A Great Baptist Reformation other sufferers, under a Christian superintendent; and (4) to aid Chris- There is in progress in Russia and tian men and women who desire to southeastern Europe the most remarkgive themselves up to medical mission able religious movement of modern work on the foreign field." times. It is spreading among the Slavs and Cossacks of Russia, the Jesuits in Russia Letts and Esthonians of the Baltic provinces, the Cechs of Moravia and The recent expulsion from Moscow the great Carpathian range, the Magof the head of the Jesuits, and other yars, Slovacs and Ruthenians of Hun- "Roman Catholic zealots," marks an- gary, and it has reached the various other stage in the development of the races of the Balkan States. differences between the Russian Government and the Vatican. A weII- During the past half century Bapinformed St. Petersburg correspond- tist churches have been established in ent states that a hitherto unsuspected alI these countries, partIy through the Romish propaganda .has been discov- missionary enthusiasm of the German ered in Moscow and in St. Petersburg, Baptist Union, and partly through the where the Jesuits have managed to get dissemination of the Scriptures. the control of the Roman Catholic schools. Churches founded less than five years ago number 700 or 800 members, Pastor Fenler aa an Evangelist and in one case 1,200; in the Nagy Szalonta district we have records of The Record of Christian Work gives 250 baptisms per month; in Morava this account of the labors of a new Norbert Capek has established 2I sta- Russian evangelist: tions, with I,200 members, in seven years; FetIer in St. Petersburg has "Pastor Wilhelm Fettler, a Russian gathered a church of 300 members in educated in Spurgeon's College, and three years, has established 12 mission preaching in St. Petersburg, in Rus- stations, and has compelled the attensian, Lettish, German and English, is tion of the whole city to the principles having a great ingathering among the and progress of the Baptist movement. working classes. Men stand patiently —John Clifford. for hours in the aisles of his meetingplaces, block up doorways, and fill A Russian Priest Unfrocked ante-rooms. News comes just now that the evan- "When the people kneel to pray, gelical priest and preacher, Gregori after the Russian manner, the effect is Petrow, in St. Petersburg, has been indescribable. Wave after wave of unfrocked and forbidden to preach beemotion thrills the assembly. The rich cause of his advanced evangelical bass of the men's voices is very power- views. The Record of Christian Work ful as they join in the 'Glory Song' gives some interesting details of his or in a favorite hymn by the Grand ministry: In the St. Petersburg priest, Duke Constantine, 'I am standing at Gregori Petrow, the evangelical move-

MISSIONARY

ment in Russia has a powerful repre- of energy and self-respect. On the sentative. He is not merely a man of Galata Bridge he met a Turk and his exceptional knowledge in many lines of wife walking side by side, while under thought-but he seems to have also a the old custom the lord of creation singularly clear grasp of the meaning stalked ahead, while his wife humbly of Christ's teaching. In the capifal tagged along a few paces in the rear. there is no hall large enough to hold The official who did him a favor drew the multitudes that throng to hear his back at the offer of the usual "coffee religious lectures. Petrow is a man money," saying, "My government in the prime of life. He has filled pays my salary." Formerly the positions of importance in the na- Turkish subject must secure a pertional Church; head clergyman of the mit specifying the date of his prochurch of St. Alexander Nevsky, re- posed trip and the route he would ligious instructor to the corps of take; he must get the signature of the pages-where he has in charge the taxgatherer that showed all his taxes pick of the youth of the Russian were paid, and the seal of his religious aristocracy-and professor in theolo- community testifying that he was a gy at the POlytechnic Schoo!' His good citizen and that none of his relaevangelical note recalls the doctrines tives had run off to America, and the of the hated Stundists. Petrow is, signature of the governor of the state too, a burning anti-alcoholist, publish- and several other officials, anyone of ing a temperance paper and many whom, if he chose, could block the pamphlets on the subject. permit.

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS A Time of Testing at Hand American Schools in Turkey Rev. F. E: Hoskins writes from Beirut: "Many of our Syrian churches After an extended visit to the Orient, have experienced a fresh awakening William E. Curtis, the world-famous and greater signs of life appear. Chriscorrespondent of the Chicago Record- tians in the Ottoman Empire are fa- Herald, wrote home: "The influence cing a new testing time in life in being of the American schools has been car- drafted into the Turkish army. If all ried to every corner of the empire. the promises of the new regime were Every student leaving these American kept the military training would be an schools has carried the germ of prog- excellent tonic for all young men. ress to his sleeping town. He has be- Unfortunately for the empire, a large come a force for the new order wher- number of young men have fled from ever he has gone. This influence," the country, and this course has says Mr. Curtis, "has been working opened the door for charges of disfor a half century or more, and has loyalty which have been uttered on the been preparing the minds of the peo- floor of the Parliament and reechoed ple for the great change that has re- through all grades of social life. If cently come over them. The mission- men are ennobled by bravely facing a aries do not teach revolution, they do difficult situation in life, then the not en~ourage revolutionary methods; Christians of the Ottoman Empire but they have always preached and have a grand opportunity. taught'liberty, equality, fraternity and the rights of man." INDIA Turkey Then and Now Caste System Giving Way Dr. White, of Marsovan, noted many Christianity teaches that one is the welcomed changes in conditions of life Father of all and that all are brethren. in Turkey as he returned to his field Many predicted that Christianity could after furlough. In two days' stay at never make headway in India unless it Constantinople he never saw a dog; recognized caste. For three generabut the streets were cleaner than ever, tions Christian ideas have been proand men walked them with a new air mulgated and exemplified. To-day, among the loudest to proclaim that love touched him; he took off his caste is the curse of India are the Hindu charms, ate with our catechists Brahmans themselves. They openly (so breaking his caste), and has has tell the people that Christianity is right been with them ever since, reading in its contention that caste is an evil, God's Word and learning. When I and that it must be abolished. A num- asked him what drew him to Christ, ber of native organizations have laid he said: 'Our gods show kindness to down the principle that caste is a curse the "shadhus" (holy men), but the and can not be retained. So far as a Lord Christ to sinners, and I am a sinwide acceptance of the idea of the ner.' In the eyes of the Hindus he brotherhood of man is concerned, the was a 'shadhu,' for he was one with battle has already been won. It yet them in dress and ways." remains to overcome deep-seated prejudices and create a new social order Illiterates in the Orient to take the place of the old. The Christian Literature Society of Widowhood in India India is calling attention to the deplor- able illiteracy in the Far East. In the The figures are appalling in respect Indian Empire, it is stated that there of child marriages. The census of are 277,000,000, and in China 300,- 1901 showed 121,500 married boys, 000,000, who can not read and write and 243,500 married girls, whose age their own languages. This illiteracy was under five; 760,000 boys and is one of the greatest of all hinder- 2,030,000 girls between the ages of ances to the progress of the Gospel. five and ten; 2,540,000 and 6,585,000 They can not read, they can not think, between ten and fifteen. Of these, all they can not understand the teachings except a certain number of girls under of Christianity. In India, practically the last class were married before they all the women and girls are illiterate, were able to realize what marriage is. only one in ninety being able to read The most deplorable result of such and write.-American Messenger. marriages is seen in the number of widowed children; 6,000 widowers Government Aid for Mission Schools and 96,000 widows were less than five years of age; 37,000 widowers and In India everyone of our mission- 96,000 widows were between five and aries is receiving large and increasing ten; 113,000 widowers and 276,000 government grants in partial support widows between ten and fifteen. of every educational institution and school which can be maintained at the A "Holy Man" Says He i. "A Sinner" level required. Our tremendous school system in Ceylon of more than ten Writing in India's Women and Chi- thousand pupils is carried on practina's Daughters on work in Krishnagar cally at government expense. The inand district, Miss Janet T. Sharpe spectors are among the most cordial says:- "With our catechists is a young visitors to our colleges, and their man, a Hindu, desiring to be a Chris- standards are in every case just. Retian. In November, at the time of the call also that Mr. D. C. Churchill is fair at Nadiya, this man took a tract carrying on his experiments and invenfrom our Bible women who were tions on his new hand-loom subsidized speaking to the numerous pilgrims. by the Government of India.-Ameri- He bought a Gospel, and as he still can Board Bulletin. went on following them, our women said: 'If you wish to know more we Baptisms hy the Thousand will take you to our catechists who are here'; and this they did. For six Bishop Warne writes of his return years this young man had been visit- from a tour in the Northwest India ing all the holy places of the Hindus, Conference, where he baptized 700 and so at this time had come to Na- persons "near Delhi." Two thoudiya. The simple Gospel message of sand fnore were ready for baptism in the same region. The significance ?f the location is better realized when Hinduism Bestirring Itself one remembers that Delhi was the capital of the old Mogul Empire, and Rev. W. E. S. Holland of Allastill holds within its walls the greatest habad recently wrote to The Church Mohammedan mosque in India. Del- Missionary Society Gazette: "Most hi was one of the three cities which significant of all is the first 'Ghuddi' figured as centers in the Sepoy Mu- ('purification') Conference-to continy. sider the admission of non-Hindus and of the outcastes to Hinduism, and An Incident in Census-taking the readmission of repentant converts. Till this present moment it has been M akhzan-i-Masihi gives the follow- neither possible nor desired that a ing story of intimidation regarding non-Hindu or a lapsed Hindu should census operations: "In one village the join or rej oin the Hindu fold. But Christians were told that if they en- the Christian propaganda has awaktered their names as Christians they ened Hinduism to the fact that it must would be drafted as coolies to go to be missionary or die. The most amazan island of the sea-perhaps British ing thing is the new-born desire to lift Guiana-and as one of their number the outcastes, numbering 60,000,000 in a year or two ago disappeared mys- India, lest they should be driven into teriously and is supposed to have been the fold of Christianity or Islam. Ressent as a coolie to some distant island, olutions I and 2 run: 'That in this report of the deportation of all the opinion of this Conference it is the Christians of this village to this necessary and desirable (I) that the far-away island is readily believed. It deprest classes throughout India be is by reports of this kind, as well as in raised socially, spiritually, mentally other ways, the attempt is made to and morally, and that steps be taken frighten these poor villagers into a for the achievement of this end; (2) denial of their being disciples of to admit to the fold of Hinduism those Christ." who desire it, after the performance of Prayas-chitta (penance, including Hindu Idea of Religion the eating and drinking of the five products of the cow) and Homa.' Sir Monier Williams tells how he Truly, Hinduism is fighting in its last met in India an intelligent Sikh from lines of defense!" the Punjab, and asked him about his religion. He replied; "1 believe in A Colony of Sturdy Chrilltians one God, and I repeat my prayers, The Indian Witness describes a called Japji, every morning and eve- Christian colony in the Punjab some 90 miles from Lahore. Because of ning. These prayers occupy six pages congestion of population, Christian of print, but I can get through them natives petitioned the Government for in a little more than ten minutes. I a grant of jungle land near the great have made one pilgrimage to a holy canal of the Chenab. Four thousand well near Amritsar. Eighty-five steps acres were turned over to them on lead down to it. I descended and which nearly 2,000 men, women and bathed in the sacred pool, then I as- children are now settled. The jungle cended one step, and repeated my has been all cleared, wells dug, houses, ]apji in about ten minutes. Then I schools, post-office and a stately descended again to the pool and bathed church built. The farmers assess again, and ascended to the second step, themselves to support a pastor and school-teachers and have established and repeated my Japj i a second time. a mission to evangelize the heathen villages in the neighborhood. The re- Then I descended a third time and ligious guidance of this community is bathed, and ascended to the third step; in the hands of American and Scotch and so on for the whole 85 steps, 85 Presbyterian missions. hathings, and 85 repetitions of the same prayers. It took me exactly 14 hours, from 5 P. M. one evening to 7 A. M. next morning." What the Bible Did for Them schools, hospitals and churches bene- fited by this memorial gift is 39. At a gathering of Indian Christian workers in Meerut testimonies were CHINA given to the benefits experienced in regular Bible study. All these testi- China and Opium monies refer to God's Word, which these Indian workers are pledged to According to recent news, an agreeread daily for at least one hour. ment has been practically reached be- tween the Chinese Foreign Office and "In it I hear the voice of Christ." Great Britain. The main points of "It presents to me the picture of my the agreement are: (I) That the im- Lord." portation of Indian opium shall cease "It is as sunlight to my soul." as soon as the cultivation of opium "It satisfies my spirit." ceases in China. (2) That in the "It purifies my heart." meanwhile the duty on imported opi- "It is to me the fountain of the water of um may be increased threefold. (3) life." That the accumulated stocks of Indian "It quenches my thirst." opium, amounting to about 20,000 "It is my food." chests, may be sold without a time "It is the living Word." limit, but that the Indian imports shall "It is my great teacher." be correspondingly decreased. China "It is to me the way to heaven." in the last three years has reduced her "It is my special friend." cultivation of opium by about 70 per "It is God's dwelling-place." cent. It is therefore almost certain "It is to me a bazaar of heavenly sup- that within the next two years, or plies." even less, the poppy will no longer be "It is God's letter of love to my spirit." grown in China, and that consequent- "It is the ship that carries me home." ly, in accordance with the projected "It is the touchstone of my soul." treaty, the lucrative traffic from India "It is my spiritual pasture." will automatically be brought to an "It is the spiritual garden of Eden." end. "It is my sword in warfare with sin and Satan." "It is a province of the heavenly kingdom."

Gifts from Siamese King Opium Smoking Forbidden The Government of Siam spent The following sentences are from four million ticals ($1,520,000) on an imperial edict recently issued at memorial presents, given out on the Peking: "Many, no doubt, have done recent cremation of His Majesty, the their best to carry out orders, but it is late king. The Siam and Laos mis- highly probable that others have acted sions were asked to state what they otherwise. If negligence is condoned would like for their churches, schools in this regard, opium smoking will and hospitals, and handsome presents never be stamped out. Therefore we were given, ranging in value from 50 again issue commands to the effect that in future in no region where ($19) to 500 ($190) ticals. A list poppy-growing has been stopt may was suggested for the institutions of replanting be resorted to, and persons the American Presbyterian mission, who have discontinued the habit may and these include pianos, honor desks, not again indulge. Viceroys and govclocks, microscopes, operating tables, ernors are to give strict warning in sterilizers, instrument cabinets and terms of the imperial orders to those electric batteries. In addition to the who have not yet ceased to smoke to above gifts, each school in the Siam quit the habit. There must be no deand Laos missions received a photo- lays allowed. District Magistrates graph of the late King of Siam. who are negligent and careless in car- rying out the orders of their superiors The gifts for the schools and will be heavily punished. The Tuchihchurches were selected by the king pu and the Minchengpu are hereby himself, and those for the hospitals ordered to make thorough investigawere selected by missionaries appointed by him. The total number of tions to follow up the matter in order tisms. It is nearly forty-six years to secure real results, and to show since Mr. Hudson Taylor yielded him- forth the desire of the Throne to erad- self to God, at Brighton, for the lead- icate this evil from the people." ership of this work, and forty-five A Stirring Appeal and the Response years since the sailing of the Lammer- muir party. During these years some Pastor Ding Li Mei, the first Chi- 36,500 Chinese have, in connection nese General Secretary of the Stu- with the work of the mission, publicly dent Volunteer Movement-a man of confest Christ in baptism. Of these "beautiful Christian character tried in 36,500, nearly 12,964 were baptized Boxer fires," with a radiant face-has during the thirty-five years which premade a twofold appeal to students ceded the Boxer crisis, and the reto give themselves to their country's maining 23,500 during the years which evangelization, first, for Christ's sake, have succeeded that baptism of blood. and, second, for China's sake. The The apparently barren years of plowresult has been remarkable. Says Dr. ing and of seed-sowing are now bring- Fenn: "For the Church in China this ing forth their harvest. "But," it was means the hastening of the day when asked, "should we not look for yet she will be self-supporting, self- greater things?" The average numpropagating, self-governing. For the ber of baptisms per annum for the last Church in America it means the great- ten years has been about 2,600. est challenge of the century. Who did not join in the prayer for native The Miaaionary'. Task laborers to go forth into that harvest? The missionary is the introducer of Did we mean it? Did we only antici- current Western standards. He inpate a few volunteers who could be structs his schoolboys respecting bathprovided for by the existing agencies; ing, spitting, the use of the handkerand are we staggered because God has chief, neatness of garb, the care of opened the windows of heaven and one's room, modesty in personal habpoured us out a blessing?" its. He teaches the people to clean Union in School Work house and yard, to whitewash the In Fuchau the representatives of walls of the home, to scour the floors three Boards have passed resolutions of the school-room or church. He ento unite their kindergarten work un- forces the duty of being humane to der one organization. This step will dumb animals, of rearing defective strengthen the influence of the educa- children, of educating daughters and tional work for children be securing c<.msuIting the wife.-Century Magabetter equipment and a larger force of zine.

teachers than the three societies could What It COlta to Be a Christian provide separately. The Methodists, Church of England and American The break of the genuine convert Board will thus be drawn closer to- with his past in China is far more gether in the common cause. Similar abrupt than anything with which we movements toward efficiency and econ- are familiar. He turns his back on omy are on foot in many foreign cen- opium, gambling and unchastity, the ters. besetting sins of his fellows. He abandons cheating, lying, back-biting, Work of the China Inland Mission quarreling and filthy language, which This society reports a total of 968 are all too rife among the undiscip- missionaries at the close of I9IO. To lined common people. He shuns liti- these are to be added no fewer than gation, of the ruin of the villager.

2,008 Chinese colleagues, 689 of whom By withdrawing from the festivals ill are either self-supporting or are sup- . the ancestral hall and from the rites ported by the Chinese Church. The at the graves of his ancestors, he sun- reports for I9IO, so far as they are ders himself from his clan and incurs yet to hand, tell of some 2,832 bap- persecution. Thus, the converts be-

come separatists, with the merits and decidedly noisy. Occasionally a little defects of separatists. Cut off from urchin sits cross-legged on the corner the world and thrown on one another, of the pulpit platform, or plays on they form a group apart, a body of the floor way down front, or perhaps Puritans that will one day be a pre- stands meditatively gazing at the forcious nucleus of moral regeneration eigner. The doors and windows are for China.-Century Magazine. wide open and we do not suffer from bad air. Dogs and sometimes a sheep Chinese Students Becoming Christians wander in, but more important are the stray listeners who are attracted by The conspicuous feature of Epiph- the music or the sound of the preachany this year is the change in atti- er's voice. tude toward Christianity on the part of thinking men and students in col- How One Chinese Christian Gives leges. Some seven or eight hundred asked for admission tickets to Boone A wealthy official was lately bapon Christmas day, to a religious meet- tized by Ding Lee May in Tientsin, ing for telling the meaning of Chris- the city which Yuan Shi Kai made tianity. It was an unheard-of thing a model of municipal government. Afin these parts. On top of all the news ter his conversion he gave 20,000 taels has just come that the most brilliant (about $14,0(0) to the Y. M. C. A., student ever in Boone University, who and proposes to give IO,ooo taels yearwill take his degree this Chinese New ly for the support of twenty of the Year, a son of a great, learned and best preachers he can find. He also wealthy family, has just come out has land in Manchuria upon which he openly, declared his faith in Christ and plans to settle, free of charge, all asked to be prepared for baptism. He Christians who apply. is a man for whom we have prayed for years. Each year Boone men Poppy Culture Greatly Diminished are more highly qualified for future work, but this reaches the top notch Bishop Bashford writes home: "The so far, and, with any opening he cultivation of the poppy has practically chooses before him, he has decided to ceased in six of the twelve original become a Christian. But he accepts a comparatively low salary at Boone, provinces. Edwin J. Dingle, in a letand promises to teach there for two years.-Spirit of Missions. ter to the Shanghai Times, declares that in a journey of over 2,000 miles How Chinese Behave in Meeting in Yunnan, recently, he saw not more than IOO acres of poppies growing. Rev. E. D. Kellogg writes in the In Kweichow, the sister province of Missionary Herald from Shao-win: Yunnan, the conditions are very simi- lar to these in Kansuh. When Mrs. In these Chinese chapels there is Bashford and I first visited the Szeshown more of the social spirit than chuen province in 1905, we saw about is often found in churches at home. one-third of the arable land devoted The day at the worship hall is looked to the poppy, and were told that from forward to very eagerly by the regu- 60 to 70 per cent. of the men were lar attendants. Most everybody brings using opium-perhaps 25 per cent. of his hymn book, also his New Testa- them to excess-and that from IO to ment, and takes part in the service. IS per cent. of the women were also The worshipers are quite unconven- using the drug. These observations tional in their conduct; they move in a province numbering some 69,000,- around more or less, talk occasionally 000 people, were the most discouraif they so desire, and take such posi- ging facts we have ever seen in the tions on the benches as best suit their empire. But when I passed through bodily comfort. The children move the Szechuen province in I9IO, I travabout quite at will, and are sometimes eled during the same season of the year over all the territory we had

MISSIONARY

covered in a thirty days' trip in 1905, structed all their minor officials to do and traversed considerable additional all they can to strengthen all religions territory, and where we saw one-third among the people. Temples and shrines of the cultivated land devoted to the are to be protected, and valuable lands, poppy five years ago, I did not see a occupied by shrines, which were to single poppy growing." have been taken by the government, are to revert to their old uses and JAPAN the old and new gods are to be honored. The authorities have con- A Half-century of Progreas duded that law without religion is powerless to create and hold men to It is difficult to believe that two high ideals, and therefore the cry is generations ago Japan was even more to be "Back to the gods." Christian completely closed to Western influ- missions will share mental protection, ence than was China. She was then and with the growth of Christian unity under a feudal form of government, there is a better opportunity to make divided into clans. Those of the war- Japan a Christian nation. rior clan, the Samurai, were intensely devoted to their lords and jealous of A Japanese on Korea'. Future other clans. The rights of the common people were greatly restricted. Dr. M. Monda, a former professor One policy was chiefly enforced-ex- in the Imperial University at Tokyo, clusion of the foreigner and of foreign says: "It is well known that the Chriscustoms. No Japanese was permitted tian missionaries in Korea had the to leave the country, and any who positive assurance both of the late escaped were not permitted to return. Prince Ito and the present Governor- Not until 1868 did a revolution make General, Viscount Terauchi, that it is the emperor actual as well as nominal the settled policy of Japan to secure head of the nation. In 1871 the feud- a harmonious cooperation of the spirial lords voluntarily surrendered their tual uplifting of the people and of rule, and, at the advice of a mission- their political reform. Foreign religary, an embassy was sent to Western ions have experienced more or less lands to observe and report. This persecution only when they have intour led to the systematic appropria- terfered or threatened to interfere tion of Western ideals, culminating with the political stability of the nain a constitutional government, pro- tion. So long as the Korean Christians claimed in 1889. Since then Japan try to better their general condition has proved herself; in some respects, through individual regeneration, the the most brilliant nation in the world. Government is sure to protect and She has achieved greater progress in even to encourage them in their faith. one generation than any other coun- The appointment of Japanese Christry has achieved in two, if not in three tians to such important posts as the generations. She has gone to school Supreme Court judgeship and the dito the whole world, and has learned rector-generalship of the Peninsular her lessons with remarkable facility. Government sufficiently testifies to the sincerity of purpose of the Tokyo Anarchism and Religion in Japan authorities. Aside from this' fact, there is, too, an encouraging sign in Among other ideas from the West the moral standard of the Japanese the Japanese have imbibed anarchism, officials in Korea. and after a recent outbreak, 23 persons were executed. Some of the in- A Japanese Methodist of Note telligent Japanese see in these movements toward laxity, a sign of grow- Bishop Moore writes that Rev. Sening immorality and disloyalty. They nosuki Ogata is on his way to Amersee the need of stability and stronger ica. He is "presiding elder of Tokyo and higher religious faith. The Min- District, and Bishop Honda's succesister of Home Affairs and the Minis- sor as president of Aoyama Gakum, ter of Education have, therefore, inour great college in Tokyo. He was as encouraging as ever. "Peace preour first native missionary in Japan, vails throughout the country; moraland for all the years until the recent ity of the Japanese is improving rapidmodification of the imperial law held ly, and their attitude toward the in his own name all our valuable prop- Korean is undergoing a great change. erties in the empire. His diligence Missionaries are being well underand success as a missionary, and his stood, partly due to their good sense fidelity to his great trust were so and partly to the efforts of all officonspicuous that a few good friends cials and Christians. There is no deon this side tendered him a visit to nying that General Terauchi is the this country as an expression of high very man to govern this country, and appreciation. Doctor Ogata's history God is evidently making a good inis very interesting. He was born in strument of him in its bettering." Yedda, now Tokyo, in I854, of parents who were Buddhists, but who also be- The Amazing Growth of Two Years lieved in Shintoism. He was brought up to worship Buddha, and many dei- Two years ago a station was opened ties of Shinto as well. When he was by the Presbyterians in the Chung J u nineteen he came to San Francisco, field, which contains 300,000 people. in 1874, when there were all told not There are already 65 churches and more than a hundred Japanese in this meeting-places, with 272 full memcountry. He had never heard the Gos- bers, 265 catechumens, 9 day-schools pel nor read the Bible. Dr. Otis Gib- with 162 boys and 29 girls attending. son was working among the Chinese The whole church attends Sundayin that city, and was able to interest school, which has 22 classes. The men a few Japanese also, among whom was meet first, then go home and take care Ogata, and to lead them to Christ. Be- of the children while the women go to ing much interested in him, Doctor their classes. Gibson induced him to enter De Pauw University in 1880." Zeal for Bible Study KOREA Rev. Walter C. Erdman wrote re- centlv from Taiku: "There are be- Not a Million, But Every One tweeil 500 and 600 men enrolled, in addition to many who are not taking Following the "million-souls-for- the full course. These men are in Jesus" campaign in Korea a new here for ten days at their own exmovement has been launched at Seoul, pense, bringing their own rice in sacks, with the watchword, "Not only a mil- for the sole purpose of studying the lion souls for Jesus, but the whole Bible. No other attraction is offered land for Jesus." Several hundred spe- or expected. We have begun a period cial workers opened this campaign last of studies covering ten such annual ·October. These were divided into 350 classes. At the close of the class those teams, two in each team, whose work who have studied throughout the enis to go from house to house preach- tire time are given certificates which ing the Gospel and enrolling seekers. entitle them to enter the next higher In three weeks 10,000 were enrolled. class next year. It is expected to make this work cover the land. Gathering the Shea,,ea A Good Report From Korea Rev. W. R. Harrison writes to The Christian Observer: "An itinerary of A former chief clerk in the Bible 21 days through Kangjin and Chang- House at Yokohama, Mr. T. Hasha- hung counties covered 180 miles, 30 na, now holding a responsible position miles by boat, 30 by pony, and 120 on in the Bank of Korea at Seoul, writes foot. There were the itinerator's usual to Rev. Henry Loomis, the American experiences-the buoyant mornings, Bible Society's representative in Ja- the weary evenings, joy over triumpan, that Christian work in Korea is phant faith, sorrow over besetting sins, and the weaknesses of the flesh. tic woman who Christ was and re- Twelve groups were visited and their ceived the reply, "Perhaps the Sultan work reviewed. Sunday-schools were of Turkey." A colporteur asked a organized, officers appointed, appli- Coptic Christian, "Who created you?"

cants examined, and the sacraments "God," was the answer. "Who re- and discipline administered. Of 174 deemed you?" "I don't understand."

applicants 100 were received as cate- "Who saved you from your sins?" "I chumens, 15 were rejected, 26 were have no sins. I am a plain man who retained as catechumens, and 33 were works daytime in the fields and at baptized. Since the annual meeting night returns home. I have never the total examinations are 567, bap- sinned." "But don't you know of tisms, 86." Christ?" "No, He has never been to A Mis.ionary Church our village." The Coptic priests are, as a rule, The church at Syenchun has chosen a missionary of its own, and pays his opponents of the excellent schools of salary and supports him fully, build- the American Presbyterian Missiori. ing his house, etc. This is in addition They threaten young people who go to their own Korean pastor, whose there with excommunication. When salary they fully pay. it was objected that these Protestants were, at least, better than Mohamme- Korean Christian. a. Giver. dans, the reply came: Our Korean Church has been giv- "I don't know. When a dozen dogs are after you, you can't say that one of ing most freely for the support of the them is better than another." Church. These gifts have increased at the rate of 85 per cent. per year for Their worship is a monotonous, the past five years, until last year it hour-long, singsong in Coptic (for 900 gave $88,857. This amount of money years a dead language), with innumfrom them in their poverty is the erable repetitions of the "Kyrie Elei- son." The lighting of candles plays equivalent of our giving $200,087. a great role here, as in the other East- While the church-membership in Ko- ern churches. A German traveler comrea has increased 1,072 per cent. dur- ments on the striking uncleanness of ing the past ten years, our contribu- the priestly garments on which the tions to their evangelization have in- drippings of candles appear with other creased but 120 per cent., and the grease. number of efficient evangelistic missionaries on the field had increased In short, a poor, disordered, cor- rupted remnant of the old church of from six in 1900 to nine in Septem- Egypt, and yet one which has held to ber, 1910. the name of Christ through twelve NORTH AFRICA centuries of persecution. If it would Reform in the Coptic Church but let other more privileged Chris- One of the hopeful signs of the tians help its people!

times in Egypt is that the young Copts What a Moslem Girl Should Know are organizing a Coptic branch of the Misr-EI-Fatat, a Mohammedan pa- British and Foreign Bible Society, and per, gives a dissertation on the kind hope to bring about reforms in wor- of education a girl of Egypt needs.

ship, doctrine and practise. It needs That is a far-reaching admission, as reforming, says the Record of Chris- heretofore it was not considered a tian Work. The Coptic teaching is that Mohammedan woman was at all in infants dying unbaptized are blind in need of learning. Teachers must be the next life. This extraordinary dog- Egyptian or Turkish. Male teachers ma is based on the text, "Except a man must be fifty years old or more. Girls be born from above he can not see the may enter at the age of five and leave kingdom of God." A worker in the at twelve. Arithmetic in its rudiments English Church Mission asked a Cop- is enough of that branch. Geography is unnecessary, for when a woman Pinetouri: "I can scare away the travels she has her husband or other devil without learning Portuguese." male relative with her. They may study or read the biographies of good Tizore N avess : "People could not women only. They must read all the be saved unless God had given a part passages of the Koran pertaining to of Himself." women. They must learn house-work, cooking (Ii la Turc) , washing and Muti Sikobele: "To teach our chilsimilar things. dren that they must learn, we must first learn ourselves."-Christian Ad- EAST AFRICA vocate.

Lepers in GermaD East Afric:a By Motor Car in Uganda During the past years the German Dr. and Mrs. A. R. Cook paid a visit Government has paid especial atten- to Toro in November, traveling most tion to the lepers within the interior of the way by motor! It was not of German East Africa. It has quite so luxurious, however, as it opened several asylums for them, sounds. The vehicle weighed over which were placed under the care· of two tons, and carried half a ton of the Berlin and the Moravian mission- cargo, and its rate of progress when aries. At first the lepers were suspi- everything was working at its best was cious and refused to use the asylums, eight miles an hour. Their adventures but now they throng them, so that the with the motor, the lovely flower-blos- German Government has been forced soms and butterflies, and the wonderto increase their number considerably. ful views of Ruwenzori were all en- Leprosy in German East Africa is' so joyable; but chiefly so were the signs common that five out of every thou- of progress at the mission stations sand inhabitants are lepers, a fearfully passed en route, at Mityana, with its large percentage. flourishing schools, football ground and swimming bath, and the new brick Native Miuionary Aphorisms church rapidly approaching comple- tion, and at Butiti. At Kabarole they Most interesting is it to note how called on King Daudi Kasagama and naively and pointedly some of the were most cordially received by him converts in the East African mission and his noble-hearted Christian wife, at Inhambane speak of Christianity. Damili.-Church Missionary Review. We cull a few sentiments from a printed calendar from that far-away WEST AFRICA country: "A Mosque in Almost Every Street" Fazenda says: "The missionaries have come and they have divided In order to encourage reading themselves to the people." among the African mission agents, Mr. 'vV. J. Payne, assistant manager William Chabela: "I shall work of the Lagos Book-shop, started a for the Lord and keep on digging." small lending-library at Ijebu Ode. He writes: "Islam is making rapid Paulusi Massinga: "0 Lord, make progress in the Jebu country. When us drunk with the Holy Spirit." Christian work was first started there were not Mohammedans there at all, J aketi Kolesi: "Consenting to sin but now they number thousands. The in your heart ? None of that for the muezzin (an official attached to a members of our church." mosque, whose business it is to call 'the faith ful' to prayer) can be heard Jina Mabunda: "0 Lord, I pray in practically every little village; thee that we may soon have stations while in the town of Ijebu Ode itself as close as ten hours to each other." there is a mosque in almost every street. It is, therefore, very neces- JosefaXalufu : "I wish that I had sary that the Christian workers should five hours in which to preach, for I know something about Mohammedanhave much to say."

Paule Xilalelo: "The missionaries have come and they have put clay on our eyes and now we see." ism, and that they should stir up their dren to sing them. One can not but people to more aggressive work among admire the results of his teaching. It the followers of the False Prophet." is an extraordinary sight, that of a -C. M. S. Gazette. king, himself still heathen, who is giv- Confirmations and Baptisms ing Christian religious instruction."

Early this year Bishop Walmsley A Model African Kin~ spent six weeks in visiting the Mis- A Methodist missionary writes from sions of the Sierra Leone Church in Angola: "The Christian village of the Protectorate. Previous to his visit Hombo is a proof of the power of he held several confirmations in and the Gospel. At daybreak every morn- around Freetown as well as in the ing the horn is blown and the people mission districts. The Bishop writes: assemble at the king's house to hear "Perhaps the most interesting con- the Word of God read, and to praise firmation service was at St. John's, and pray. Witchcraft and supersti- Brookfields, where 45 of the Kroo tion have fallen under the power of people, who had been baptized by the Gospel, and the heathen are taking Bishop Elwin, were confirmed. I bap- knowledge of it. The native church tized on Holy Innocents' Day 119 of at Loanda contributes $17 a month the people at St. John's Church. Their for the support of native workers on earnestness seems wonderful. They a native station in the interior of need our prayers that they may have Angola."

a fuller and more capable supply of SOUTH AFRICA teachers, and that they may become New Attitude of Government missionaries along the coast. I met one of them the other day-a fine Rev. F. R. Bunker writes from Na- man, who had met me on my first tal after his first tour of inspection, landing, and he told me he was thank- that the Government's attitude is most ful to have five weeks at home from unprecedented. The superintendent sea that he might help with transla- of education and the government offi- tion work. On the festival of the cials have been extremely cordial, and Epiphany we had a largely attended one inspector writes : "You and I will and most interesting service at the work ih perfect harmony. The future Cathedral, when 25, some Kroos and is our own if we will only work to- some Temnes, were baptized. It is gether. I would like you now to feel hard to conduct a service in three lan- that I wish to be your coworker, one guages."-C. M. S. Gazette. that you can write and speak to just A Royal Mission Helper as it is in your mind. I shall always be prepared to talk over difficulties Vriting from the Gold Coast, Mis- and new schemes with you in the fusionary Schwartz, of the Basle Soci- ture." This man was once opposed to ety, says: "King Njoya might be missionary work. It should be recalled the most influential missionary membered that the Government of of all the interior. He is himself Natal is paying Mr. Bunker's salary, building a great school for his 500 and the hundred or more teachers who pupils. I have been working for a are under him. In short, we have week at making him doors and win- the privilege of conducting Christian dows, and had to make the plan of schools with the truest spiritual mothe building in order that the doors tive while the Natal Government pays and, windows might fit exactly. N j oya the biIls.-American Board Bulletin. is enchanted with his educational pal- After Thirty·six Years ace, and has given me twenty-five logs for our station. He teaches the school In the thirty-six years of its work himself, relates and dictates Bible the one station has grown to be eight.

stories to the children, composes and the native stations, at which edu- Christian hymns and teaches the chil- cational and evang-eIistic operations are carried on, now number 563; while native pastors separately for the same the schools (which are potent means time, after which the two bodies sat of evangelization) have reached the together. The Sunday following was high figure of 661, with over 1,200 missionary day in all the city's teachers and (in 1909) over 58,000 churches, with a missionary massscholars, being about 57 per cent. of meeting in the town hall in the evenall the pupils in the United Free ing. On July 1st and 2nd were held Church mission schools in all her mis- interdenominational evangelistic consion fields. There are eight congre- ventions for natives in six mission stagations with nearly 8,000 communi- tions, each covering a large section and cants, and as many catechumens. In under a different society. Then, in 1909, the adult baptisms numbered Durban, there was a native industrial 1,751. There were over 24,000 pa- exhibit, and the celebration closed on tients treated.-Livingstonia To-day. July 4th, with a public meeting, over which Lord Gladstone, the Governor- A Boer Missionary Training Sehool General, presided. The spirit which the societies and the white and native The Stofberg Missionary Training Christians ·showed toward the event School of the Transvaal Boers sends was hopeful for the fulfilment of the out its students two by two, as the prayers of the leaders, for great spiriseventy were sent out, to preach in tual awakening, for unity in aim and surrounding hamlets and kraals. Some work between native leaders and misof them go to the Johannesburg com- sionaries, and for a greater public inpounds, where 200,000 heathen are terest in the evangelization of the naengaged in gold-mining operations. tives. These blacks stream hither from all parts of South Africa. Men convert- Livingltonia Liberality ed on the compounds return to the remotest regions of Central Africa. As The liberality of the people is steadthe population in the mines changes ily growing. They build all their own constantly there is here an incompara- schools and churches, some of which ble opportunity for evangelizing work. are handsome structures. Most of the miners are raw savages, with combs, feathers, mustard spoons In 1909 the school and medical fees and what not stuck in their hair for and church collections amounted to ornament, and wearing at times such :£790, being more than one-third of the combinations of clothing as loin cloths local expenses of the work carried on. and broken silk hats. Since the mission began, 67,000 copies of the New Testament and Scripture Diamond Jubilee for the Zulu Missions portions have been bought by the peo- ple.-Livingstonia To-day. The seventy-fifth anniversary of the coming of the Gospel to the Zulus AMERICA through the founding of the Zulu Mission of the American Board is cele- I. the Abolition of War at Hand? brated this month. Other European and American societies have since es- The preliminary draft of the protablished work there, but the American posed arbitration treaty has been sub- Board planned the celebration as a mitted not only to Great Britain, but union movement. The Natal Mission- also to France. A great step in adary Conference, representing most of vance is the omission from the treaty the societies at work in the colony, of the exception of "questions of vital opened the proceedings by a three interest and national honor," all disdays' conference at Maritzburg. The putes being hereafter possible subjects leading thought of the gathering was of arbitration. Regular diplomatic cooperation. The white missionaries negotiations are to be used for all met together for two days, and the questions; and if these fail, questions which are clearly arbitrable will go to the Hague Tribunal; and if there is a missions or any organization connectdoubt whether the question should be ed with them. They could really borarbitrated, a commission, consisting of row money on it." the national representative of both countries at the Hague, will consider A Good Year for Missions the matter, and if they decide in favor of arbitration the matter will be ar- The Southern Baptist Society rebitrated. Our country reserves to the ports: "There were 3,618 baptisms United States Senate final decision on for the year, the largest number in the this last point. history of the Board. Thirty new missionaries were sent out. The The World on Tour brother who sent out the ten mis- sionaries agrees to support them for "The World in Boston" outdid its another year. There are now 273 London prototype. The estimated at- missionaries and 521 native helpers. tendance was 375,000, and instead of The nine theological training schools facing a deficjency of $7,500, the Bos- for women have an enrolment of 350, ton management made both ends lap who are being prepared to labor over. Early next autumn the city of among their own people. More than Providence will have a similar exhibit 40,000 patients have received treatof Oriental missions. In March, 1912, ment in our hospitals. The debt of . Cincinnati expects to reproduce the $89,600 is the only depressing feature entire show, as will Chicago in the of the report." following spring. Toronto, Buffalo, Cleveland, . Kansas City and Saint A Large Presbyterian Reenforcement Louis are considering the desirability of adopting "the World." The Mis- A few weeks since the secretaries sionary Exposition Company will have held a session with nearly a hundred general charge in all cities. A. M. about to sail for their fields: 35 for Gardener, the successful manager of China, 16 for India, 13 for Africa, 10 the World in Boston, is general secre- for Persia, 9 for Korea, 5 for the tary, and his capable helpers, H. D. Philippines, 4 for Mexico, 4 for South Cotton and F. W. Harold, retain their America, 2 for Japan, 3 for Laos, 2 important functions on his staff. for Syria, 2 for Guatemala, one for Siam, and some unassigned. Surely A Secular Paper on Mi.sions this is a world-wide assignment. Choice young men and women are In a recent issue of the Boston these; carefully selected and hand- Transcript appeared an editorial upon picked; accepted after long years of the subject of gifts for foreign mis- consecrated effort to make the best sions. It was called forth by the wills preparation possible; coming from of the late Mrs. Worthington, widow Christian homes and Christian colleges of the Bishop of Nebraska, and of and theological seminaries. Miss Sarah Sage, both of whom gave the bulk of their property to organized United Presbyterian Missions charity and missionary work. "When people get ready to die," says the edi- Dr. Watson, the mission secretary, tor, "they really do some prettY'seri- reports: The membership of the ous thinking, even if it is the first time Church in Egypt, India and the Sudan in their lives. They mean to do good is now 35,000, which equals the memwith their money if they can find the bership of the Church in this country right thing to do. Recently the for- west of the Mississippi~ Over 30,000 eign mission field for bequests has students are in the mission schools. seemed to attract many wealthy men In Egypt alone one-sixth of the total and women. Such a preference is de- number of schools recognized by the cidedly flattering. It is a sort of in- British Government and one-tenth of dorsement, a guarantee, and it be- the enrolment of the schools are in comes a splendid asset for foreign the American mission.

The evangelistic work is in charge of 132 missionaries, and the mission In the Nadroga Circuit 800 houses plants have an aggregate value of were blown down or badly damaged, $3,000,000. The medical work is and £30,000 worth of bananas were conducted in six hospitals and 14 dis- destroyed. In Lomaiviti Circuit one pensaries, and last year 200,000 lives of the largest towns had but two were touched by this work. Attention houses standing "after four hours of was called to the increasing spirit of fury," and so the story might be coninquiry among Mohammedans and the tinued. Every place visited by this great evangelistic work of the native destructive blast could tell its own Indian church. In India alone last record of awful wreck and severe priyear 3,101 converts were received on vation. profession of faith, an increase of 14 per cent. OBITUARY NOTES THE OCEAN WORLD Benjamin BroomhaIl, of London Methodism in the South Pacific One of the early friends and co- workers of Rev. J. Hudson Taylor in Says the A ustralasian Methodist the early days of the China Inland Missionary Review for May: "The Mission, Mr. Benjamin Broomhall, following are the latest statistics of has recently fallen asleep (June 5th), our island missions, showing the great at the age of eighty-one. Mr. Broomharvest gathered from that first seed hall was born in 1829, and married a sowing in Tonga in r822: sister of Hudson Taylor. He saw the work of the China Inland Mission de- Churches …………………………. 1,195 velop from the day when there were Other Preaching Places ….•.. …….••• 739 only 38 members, to the time, twenty years later, when there were 630. He IVlissionaries ….•••….•..•……..••..• 37 was general secretary from February, 5 1879, to April, 1895. He made his Lay Missionaries …………………… home in London a rest house for many missionaries, and five members of his lfissionary SiSll:fS …………….•…..• 22 family devoted their lives to mission- ary work. In character and service Native MInisters …………………..• 106 Mr. Broomhall was a true servant of God. Catechists …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Teachers ………………………..•.• 1,294 John B. Sleman, Jr., of Washington Efacs~ll:~~~~:r.s. : ::: :: : :: : :: : :: ::: ::: :: :: ~:m John B. Sleman, Jr., died at Clifton Springs, N. Y., on July I, as a result English Members …… ________ .. __ ….. _ 101 of a nervous breakdown some months ago. Mr. Slemdn was born in Wash- Native Members ……………………. 40,762 ington' D. c., in 1874, and early Native Members on Trial. . . . . .. .. . … .. .• 6,687 showed a warm interest in the many Catechumens ……..•………………. 12,883 plans for social uplift and religious Sunday-schools ………….. _… _. . . . . • • 1,426 work. In r898 he became general secretary of the Washington Young Sunday-school Teachers ……………… 2,826 Men's Christian Association, and in Sunday-school Scholars …………..•… 34,801 eighteen months raised the member- Day Schools………………………. 1,411 ship from 164 to nearly 2,000. He is Day School Teachers _.. .. . .. . .. . .. … .. .• 2,416 widely known as one of the originators Day School Scholars _…… _. __ . ___ . _. _.. 28,915 and promoters of the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement, about four years Attendants on Public Worship ………… 142,516 ago. He was an earnest, active Chris- tian worker, and his loss will be keenly These figures do not include those felt. of the Methodist Church in Tonga, which is an independent District of the Methodist Church.

A Hurricane in Fiji On the night of March 24 and the day following a devastating hurricane smote a large portion of Fiji, destroying houses, churches and food plantations, and consequently the work in the parts affected has been hindered and disturbed in all its departments. It was with great difficulty and expense that the institutions at Davuilevu were kept going, the whole of their food plantations having been destroyed. In the Rewa Circuit 77 churches were wrecked, and 83 teachers' houses were "blown to ribbons."

THE MISSIONARY

A CHINESE ApPEAL TO CHRISTENDOM CON- alistic propaganda as it is being fur- CERNING CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. By Lin thered in the Far East by the associa- Shao-yang. 8vo. $2.50, net. G. P. tion's periodical, Junri, "Rationalist," Putnam's Sons. New York and Lon- and by the heated streams of quesdon. 1911. tionable "facts" found in the columns As "Letters from a Chinese Of- of a number of Japan's English and ficial," which created so great a sen- vernacular journals, one can well un- sation six years ago, proved to be derstand that a twofold objective is written by an English anti-missionary being served by the volume, that of pen, the authorship of. the present vol- discrediting the missionary enterprise ume is naturally questlOned. Its fault- at home, while at the same time fur- less English, without a suspicion .of nishing New China and New Japan Chinese idiom or mode of thought, Its with an enticing arsenal of anti-Chris- breadth of view, the author's familiar- tian and anti-missionary ammunition.

ity with certain special lines of West- Two b(ites noire receiving marked ern literature, the wide range of gen- attention are the policy of the China eralliterature in more than one tongue, Inland Mission, and at the other that is quoted from, and other less pole, the Hankow Christian University important items militate against its scheme-both of them exceptional va- purported Chinese authorship. So rieties of service which can be easily many other marks of verisimiltude are justified before the public, and yet noted by American Chinese students both of them far from representative that despite the internal evidences of the main work of Christian mis- just' named, they feel certain that it is sions in China. Other items of criti- the product of one of their own nation- cism are either the usual points of ra- ality having the same surname as that tionalistic attack, such as emotional found on the title page; and they con- religion, Christian demonDlogy, hell fidently locate his residence in a promi- and the damnation of the heathen- nent European legation, and point to strange to' say, the authDr does not articles of his having a similar trend. object personally to the word heathen The prevalent view in China itself -prayer, faith, and science, and "Re- would seem to be voiced by the editor ligion, Magic and Word Spells," or of the Shanghai Times, who says: else matters which are growingly dis': "Mr. Lin Shao-yang is undoubtedly cust by the missionaries themselves.

some foreigner who has lived for a The latter class of topics includes ques- number of years in China, or who tions affecting the missionary's atti- has been intimately associated with tude toward the native religions, Chinese interests in England, but he is sometimes verging upon Christian in- not Chinese. The attempts to bolster tolerance and often displaying absolute up the arguments .of the book by r~p­ lack of tact, the relation of mission- resenting them to Issue from the mmd aries to the magistrates when re- of an intelligent Chinese reflects little ligious persecutions arise, the difficult credit upon the Rationalist press." problem of Sunday observance, and The point of view of the writer is the introduction of certain elements made evident by the fact that the of Occidental belief and expression English edition bears upon its title- which are not likely to become page the name of the Rationalist Press naturalized. Mr. "Lin" says on Association as its sponsor, while the this last point: "Offer an alien race American publishers print as a sort the boon of a great ideal, and if the of note of triumph upon its enclosing boon is accepted at all, you need have wrapper, "It is a brilliant arraign- no fear but that its new possessors ment of the illogical attitude of the wiIl give it fitting expression in terms Church in trying to force upon the of their own religious or artistic in- East beliefs which the Christian world stincts. Let China have a share of has outgrown." When one recalls the Christ if you will, but let the Chinese special campaign of this same Ration- construct their own Christology."

It should be further said that the ity. Missionaries will go to the most author writes in a way to give as little inaccessible places, will brave danger- offense as possible to the reader, even ous climates and savage men, but they going so far as to laud the work of find it impossible, except by patient missionaries and to commend the mod- waiting and )Jrayer. to enter fields ern views prevalent in some quarters where strong governments refuse per- to-day. Indeed, an English reviewer mission to enter.

regards the volume as a presentation The strategic importance of some of modernism in its relation to Chi- of these fields is shown by Dr. Zwe- nese miSSions. There is much food mer, and the "Glory of the Impossible"

for thought in some of the positions is held up as an inspiring achieve- taken, and it reveals to the Christian ment.

public in a very vivid way the objec- The book is full of natural informa- tions which Christianity has to meet tion, interest and inspiration. It makes in newly awakened nations. If read an ideal text-book for young people's by a well-balanced, fully-informed man, classes.

it can do the cause no harm; as read and quoted by those with antipathies STUDIES IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF SOUTH for Christian missions, it will occasion much loss of what little interest they AFRICA. By G. B. A. Gerdener. 12mo. 212 pp. 2s. 6d. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1911.

may have previously felt. South Africa is sometimes counted THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FrELDS OF AFRICA a Christian Idnd, and there are many AND ASIA. By Rev. S. M. Zwemer, professing Christians there among the D.D., F.R.G.S. Maps and illustrations. British and Boers, but there is still 8vo. 260 pp. $1.25. Student Volun- there an immense unfinished taskteer Movement, New York, 1911. and a difficult one. The South Afri- This volume, like the latest book by can missionary situation presents com- John R. Mott, is the outcome of plex problems, and even students of studies connected with the report of missions do not generally understand Commission Number One of the Edin- the difficulties that this field presents.

burgh Missionary Conference. Dr. Some of these come from the pres- Zwemer gives us the result of careful ence of the Briton and politcal prob- study and wide correspondence. The lems, others come from the presence hearts of two continents are still prac- of the Boer and social problems, others tically unoccupied by messengers of come from the Africans themselves the Gospel. Indeed, the same thing is (native and foreign), and the religious true of a third continent, for the cen- problems, while still others come from ter of South America is also in dark- the presence of foreigners in general, ness. Dr. Zwemer describes the con- and commercial problems.

ditions in the great unoccupied fields Mr. Gerdener, who is an able, wide- like Siberia, Mongolia, Turkestan, awake writer, is the general secretary Tibet, Afghanistan, the Sudan, North- of the Students' Christian Association ern Nigeria, Abyssinia, and Arabia. of South Africa. He gives us a c1ear- He then takes up the smaller fields, cut view of the situation, and seeks to like Malaysia, Vvestern Sumatra, the stimulate further systematic study. The Barbary States, and parts of India, Edinburgh Conference declared that China and Central Africa. the "crucial question is simply whether The reasons why these fields are still the missionary bodies at work in South unoccupied are manifold-physical re- Africa will readjust their operations moteness, political opposition, religious so as to secure an effective occupation barriers, climatic conditions, and sav- of the whole field." The question is age hostility. The greatest, most in- how to make the occupation effective.

surmountable obstacles are, however, Mr. Gerdener first considers the those imposed by men whose political question of the native and his need of or religious poltcv noposes Olristian- evangelization, then the present state

of ferment in South Africa, and the WITH CHRIST IN RUSSIA. By Robert S Ethiopian movement; he discusses the Latimer. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25. Hod: status of the natives, legally and spiri- der & Stoughton, New York and Lontually, and shows what is needed to don, 1911. finish the task of evangelization. The book is well worth careful study. The work here described is, for the most part, that conducted by Rev. ASPECTS OF ISLAM. By Duncan B. Mac- Wm. Feder, of St. Petersburg. It is an Donald, D.D. 12mo. 375 pp. $1.50, example of what one consecrated serv- net. The Macmillan Co., 1911. ant of God can do and is doing. Mr. Latimer visited Russia recently, and The author of this new study of Is- saw fur himself the conditions and scenes which he here pictures. He lam is professor of Semitic Languages corroborates the testimony of John R. Matt, that Russia is passing through in Hartford Theological Seminary, a great religious as well as political and social crisis, and there is an unand has written several other volumes usual and wide-spread opportunity to reach students, especially with the in Moslem theology, law and religion. GospeL The story that Mr. Lah.ner tells is out of the ordinary, and is well The present volume consists of the told, with enthusiasm and interesting detail. The style is conversational. Lamson lectures for 1909. They pre- The facts given wilI open the eyes of many who think that evangelical sent the subject in an elementary Christian work is impossible in the land of the Czar. There are many rather than in a scientific way, and centers 6f Christian activity, and many Protestant Christians in all classes of are of especial interest and value to society-Baptist, Methodist, and Epis- copalians. The obstades placed in the those who plan to work in Moslem way of evangelical work are many and great, but they by no means prove lands. disheartening or insurmountable.

The subjects considered in this ele- Mr. Latimer has given us the best, and almost the only account of presmentary volume include the Moslem ent-day missionary work in Russia.

lands, Mohammed himself, the Koran, JOHN G. PATON, D.D. Later Years and Farewell. By A. K. Langridge, and Moslem theology and mystical life, the his son, Frank H. L. Paton. 111us- trated. 12mo. 286 pp. $1.25. Hodattitude of Moslems toward Christ der & Stoughton, London and New York. and the Scriptures, Christian missions Those who have followed the thrillto Moslems, etc. Dr. MacDonald ing career of the Late John G. Paton, pioneer missionary to the New Hebseems to deal with his subject fairly rides, will be interested in these clos- ing chapters of his life. They have and to judge Mohammed fairly and not, however, much of peculiar interest and value. Dr. Paton's active aggresgive full credit to the value of the sive work stept at about the time of his visit to the Ecumenical Confer- Koran. The book is of interest to stu- ence in New York in 1900. These chap- ters tell of Dr. Paton's visit to AmertdiecnaltspoufrpIoslsaemaJnbduvt iittalhafsorncoet the prac- ica in the interests of the suppression contained of the Kanaka slave traffic, and of the liquor traffic in the New Hebrides. in some of the writings by Dr. Zwe- mer and others.

GOD'S PLAN FOR THE WORLD'S REDEMPTION. By Charles R. Watson. 12mo. 225 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, Philadel- phia, 1911.

The real basis for missionary education, the missionary motive and missionary endeavor is the Word of God. Dr. Vatson gives us here a hand book, the aim of which is to give the missionary message of the Bible. There are many others with a similar purpose, but none more simple and forceful, more convincing and progressive. We wish that every Christian would digest the contents of these studies. Then there would be no more difficulty as to men and money for missions.

He afterward revisited his island MISSIONARY HEROES OF THE LUTHERAN mission field, journeyed round the CHURCH. Edited by L. B. Wolf, D.D. world again at the age of 76, and finally Illustrated, lZmo, 246 pp. 75 cents. passed to his reward from Australia Lutheran Publication Society, Phila- delphia, 1911.

on January 28, 1907, at the age of 84. FIVE REASONS WHY. By Brewer Eddy. He was strenuous in his activities to (Envelop Series.) April, 1911. Amerithe end, and a month before his death can Board of Commissioners for Forhad engaged in deputation work, driv- eign Missions, Boston, Mass. ing many miles, and often not going to bed until I or 2 A.M. Dr. Paton was FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH an apostle, indeed; his life was full of AMERICA. Report of Eighteenth Conblessing, and even this account of the ference of Foreign Missions Boards, last decade, is full of inspiration. United States and Canada. 1911. 25 cents. Foreign Missions Library, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

NEW BOOKS THE WORLD ATLAS OF CHRISTIAN MIS- SIONS. Edited by Harlan P. Beach, AMONG THE TRIBES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA. James S. Dennis, and Charles H. Fahs. By Samuel RClarke. Illustrated, Quarto. $4.00. Student Volunteer 1Zmo, 315 pp. 3s. 6d., net. China In- Missionary Movement, 1911. land Mission, London and Philadel- phia, 1911. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN BURMA. By Rev. W. C. B. Purser. lZmo. 2s., net. S. GLEANINGS FROM FIFTY YEARS IN CHINA. P. G., London, 1911. By the late Archibald Little. $2.50, STRANGE SIBERIA. By Marcus L. Taft. net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadel- 16mo, Z59 pp. $1.00, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911. phia, 1911.

LION AND DRAGON IN NORTHERN CHINA. VIEWS OF HARBIN AND THE PLAGUE EPI- DEMIC. Commercial Press, Ltd., By R. F. Johnston. l11ustrated. $5.00. Shanghai, 1911. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 1911.

STUDIES IN CHINESE RELIGION. By E. H. WILLIAM SCOTT AMENT. By Henry D. Port~r, M.D. 8vo, 377 pp. $1.50, net. Parker. Illustrated. $3.00. E. p. Flemmg H. Revell Co., 1911.

Dutton & Co., New York, 1911.

CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By L. Crowther. MEXICO AND OUR MISSION. By James G. Illustrated, 12mo, 96 pp. Is. 6d., net. Dale. lZmo, 272 pp. $1.25. Sowers Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edin- Printing Co., Lebanon, Pa., 1911. burgh, 1911. THEORY AND PRACTISE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. NEGRO LIFE IN THE SOUTH. By W. D. Weatherford. Student Volunteer By James M. Buckley. 12mo, 151 pp. Movement, New York. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911.

IN THE SHADOW OF THE DRUM TOWER. By THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY CONCERT. Laura DeLany Garst. Illustrated, 16mo, 136 pp. 50 cents. Foreign Chris- By John F. Goucher. 12mo, Z02 PP.. tian Missionary Society, Cincinnati, 151 pp. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 0., 1911. 1911.

THE ROMANCE OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE. By IN A FAR COUNTRY (INDIA). By H. B. John T. Faris. Illustrated, 16mo, 63 Gunn.. lZmo, 244 pp. $1.00, net. pp. 25 cents, net. Presbyterian Board Amencan Baptist Publication Society, of Publication, Philadelphia, 1911. 1911.

CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST? By CONSER':ATION OF NATIONAL IDEALS. By Norman MacLean. Zs. 6d., net. Hod- various 'authors. lZmo, 187 pp. 50 der & Stoughton, London, 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. INDIAN UNREST. By Valentine ChiroI. 5s., net. Macmillan & Co., London and BAPTISTS MOBILIZED FOR MISSIONS. By A. New York, 1911. L. Va}!. lZmo, 176 pp. 75 cents, net. THE AWAKENING OF INDIA. By J. Ramsay Macdonald. 55. Hodder & Stough- Amencan Baptist Publication Society ton, London, 1911. 1911. '

THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. A Brief Com- THE GALMC GATHERERS. The Gospel parative Study of Christianity and N on-Christian Religions. By Robert Among the Highlanders. By E. O. E. Speer. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. Guerrant. 12mo, 220 pp. Onward 50 cents, net. M. H. Leavis, West Press, Richmond, Va., 1911. Medford, Mass., 1911. REPORT OF THE YORK (FRIENDS') CONFER- ENCE. 12mo, 268 pp. Is. 3d., net.

Friends' Foreign Mission Association ' London, 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1911

p. VIEW OF SEOUL, KOREA, AND ITS SACRED MOUNTA1N

8lissionary CJ?..eview

of the World Published Ly Funk and Wa.g-naIls Compa.ny (Isaac K. Funk4!:.~~s'k.~~r.~t~VN~:~~~ice-Pre!l.• Robert J. Cuddihy, Treas., Robert Scott, See',.), VOL. XXXI'. No.3 MARCH, 1911 VOL. XXIV. No.3 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES MISSIONS UNDER THE LIMELIGHT F. E. Clark, Mott and Zwemer; col- lege presidents like H. C. King of Until within a few years the knowl- Oberlin, etc., etc. Furthermore, duredge of missions, including the fields, ing the last two years, under the inthe methods, and results of work, was spiration and lead of the Laymen's for the most part derived from the Missionary Movement, many of the missionaries themselves. The charac- most eminent and sagacious of our ter of the work undertaken for the business men, the captains of indusreligious betterment of" non-Christian try, have been investigating this mopeoples and the achievements of the mentous matter, and thousands all the workers was little known except to land over have reached the conclusion the initiated few. In every community that missions rank among the worththose well disposed toward the Gospel iest and mightiest movements this often feared that the money was not world has ever seen. It would seem wisely expended, that the missionaries to be high time that the uninformed were somewhat weak and sentimental, and misinformed cavilers lapse into the results shallow, and the whole en- perpetual silence. terprise expensive and unfruitful. A MEN'S RELIGIOUS CAMPAIGN Within the past ten or twenty years however, a decided change of senti- A commission of about one hunment has come about, largely because dred men has been formed to carryon of the world-tours that have become a ""Men and Religion Forward Moveso common. Not a few business and ment," from September, 19II, to May, professional men have gone to the I9I2. The purpose is to hold in the ends of the earth, not for mere sight- ninety cities in America the biggest seeing or money-making, but to meetings ever held in the interest of study the religious conditions in lands religion. It is expected to have the where the Gospel has just begun to be cooperation of the Y. M. C. A.'s, heard. Among those investigators are Brotherhoods, The International S. S. statesmen like Roosevelt and Taft, Association, and kindred organiza- Ambassador Bryce, and Sir Robert tions. The work for the men and Hart for more than half a century in boys is to be prosecuted by "teams" public services in China; newspaper of six men, giving eight months to the correspondents like Ellis and Curtis; campaign. These teams are to be representatives of Y. M. C. A. and made up of specialists in Bible study, Christian Endeavor like H, P. Beach, evangelistic addresses, religious work fornia Indian Rights Association (a for boys, social service, shop and fac- Protestant society).

tory meetings, and a singing evan- After the conference with the Coun- gelist. The teams are to go from city cil of Women's Boards, tentative plans to city, conducting conferences, hold- were adopted for a series of home ing street parades, including all the mission institutes in a number of men in the churches. American cities to study local and na- This movement gives as its specific tional religious and social problems.

objects: "First, to devise for all or- The policy was also indorsed to ganizations workable plans for spe- have in every congregation a mis- cialized effort for men and boys; sionary committee whose business second, to publish a statement of the it shall be to promote missionary edu- most approved methods of religious cation and giving. One committee work for men and boys; third, to bring should have charge of both home and into the churches by May, 1912, the foreign missionary interests.

largest number of men and boys; The executive committee of Federal fourth, to increase enrollment in Bible Council of Free Churches, of which classes; fifth, to increase missionary Dr. IV. H. Roberts is chairman, also gifts of money and men; sixth, to met in "1ashington and discust prob- teach men how best to devote money lems of religion in America and to the service of others; seventh, to Church Unity. It was reported that improve the social, political, and com- during the past year State federations mercial life of all the people; and, have been organized in Pennsylvania, , eighth, to exalt the spiritual power of West Virginia, Vermont, New Hamp- the public worship of God." shire and Indiana and similar councils UNITY IN HOME MISSIONS have been started in several Western states. The I-Iome Missions Council-a joint meeting of the Protestant Home Money was appropriated for the Missionary Societies and Board of work of a Social Service Commission United States, met in Washington, to investigate conditions and methods. The quadrennial council will be held D. C, during the last week in Jannary. in Chicago in 19I2.

This Council has not been in exist- ehce for three years and is growing MISSIONARY UNION FOR SOUTH- in the spirit of harmony and effective EAST EUROPE cooperation. }I.t this conference the Little active missionary work has Indian problem was discust and been done among the members of the united opposition was shown to the great Slavic family which inhabits al- bill pending in Congress to appro- most all Southeastern Europe, not priate 300,000 acres of land in New because it is not needed, but chiefly Mexico for a Roman Catholic manual because the great need in these training school. An attorney was re- nominally Christian lands was not tained to oppose this and other at- fully understood. There are the Poles tempts to devote public funds to sec- and the Ruthenians, the Servians and tarian use. The council, on the same the Rumanians, the Gipsies, the ground, opposed the granting of $20,- Greeks, and the Bulgarians, all in sore 000 by the Government to the CaIi- need of the pure gospel. The British

OF THE

and Foreign Bible Society distribu- A MOVEMENT IN RUSSIAN POLAND ted Bibles, the great Religious Tract Among the Roman Catholic Poles Society provided them with suitable of the western provinces of Russia tracts, and the American Board was there is steadily going on a movement active in Bohemia and Bulgaria; a few away from the Roman Catholic Scotch and English Christians con- Church, very much like the Los von tributed of their means for private ef- Rom movement in Austria. The forts; but, after all, an organized and causes behind the formation of this strong effort to reach these vast masses new sect, called "Mariarits," are the in Southeastern Europe with the aggressions of the Jesuits and the Gospel in its purity has been lacking loose living of many of the Roman hitherto. Now the Missionary Union Catholic clergy. The civil and eccle- for Southeast Europe is making an siastical authorities of Russia are by effort to stir up German Christians no means the enemies of this move- toward a sense of their responsibility ment, for Russia has always main- for the members of the Slavic family. tained a position of suspicious oppo- We fail to discover the Missionary sition to the Vatican and all its ways.

Union for Southeast Europe among The movement is very wide-spread in the many societies counted in the Russia Poland, and has reached the World Missionary Atlas of Edin- northern confines of Lithuania and the burgh, 19IO, tho it was started in 1903. southern confines of the Ukraine.

In the beginning the Union simply Tho loosely holding together, the supported the efforts of others arnong movement already numbers more than Gipsies, Poles, Rumanians, and others; 600,000. One of the strong marks of but after it had united with the Mis- the movement is its antisacerdotalism.

sionary Training School in Kattowitz, It retains belief in purgatory and the Silesia, in 1906, it began to prepare its power of the Virgin Mary, but dis- own workers. Its chief sphere of ac- cards papal primacy and infallibility tivity is Russia, Austria Hungary, and maintains the right of direct ac- and the Balkan, tho it has employed cess to Christ.

some workers among the Poles of THE LATEST RUSSIAN CENSUS German Poland (provinceof Posen) and of Silesia. Its laborers are much en- The results of the recent census of gaged in the itinerant preaching of Russia have been published, and the the Gospel and reach almost every announcement has been made that the part of Eastern Europe. They num- Czar now rules over ruo millions of bered thirteen in 1910. The income human beings. Thus the most exten- of the Union is about $7,500 annually, sive realm of the earth is one of the which includes the contributions for most populous also. It has almost 60 the Missionary Training School. The millions of inhabitants more than the latter has been removed from Kat- United States with their colonies in- towitz to Hansdorf, in Silesia, and is cluded, 95 millions more than Ger- in a prosperous condition. The quar- many, I I I millions more than Japan, terly magazine of the Union is called and 120 millions more than France.

Mitteilungen der Mission fur Sud- The population of Russia is increas- Ost-Europa. ing at the rate of 20 millions an-

nually, and there is enough land, either thought it wise to move to Monastir.

already cultivated or suitable for cul- Rev. and Mrs. Phineas Kennedy have tivation, to accommodate a consider- moved into the Girls' School build- able increase without difficulty. ing to protect it from destruction.

Czar Peter ordered the first census The Government attempted to close of his domain and found 14 millions the school because the Albanian of inhabitants in 1724. In 1782 the language was taught there but the number of inhabitants had doubled, American missionaries protested and while Alexander II ruled over 74 mil- kept it open with sixty-five pupils.

lions. The census of 1899 showed Since other schools have been closed 127 millions, but it was followed by by the Government there have been great catastrophes from within and many boys and young men clamoring without. War, rebellion, and terrific for admission to the mission and only epidemics wrought greater destruction the lack of funds prevents the reopen- than in any other empire of the earth. ing of the boys' school to meet the The war with Japan alone cost more present need.

than one-half million of Russian lives. EDUCATION IN TURKEY Yet, the population increased until it is now 160 millions. The proclamation of liberty in Of each thousand of the total popu- Turkey did not mean that European arts and sciences could be introduced lation of the Russian Empire 771 are into the Turkish schools at once. The peasants, 112 are inhabitants of towns, holy law of Islam prohibits the inincluding merchants and mechanics, struction of Mohammedans in arts and IS are noblemen,S are clergymen, and sciences developed by non-Moham- 45 are employees of the Government, medans. The Young Turks might a remarkably large number. The have been able to change their schools number of foreigners [non-citizens] within the European Turkey, but the living within the realm of the Czar pious Moslems of India, Turkestan, 1S very small.

TROUBLE IN ALBANIA and Africa, who are ten times more numerous than those in Europe, The Turkish Government has fol- would have seriously objected and lowed a program of oppression in would have been opposed to the break- Albania during the past year which ing of the holy law. A religious edict has made missionary work exceed- from the Sheik-ul-Islam, the highest ingly difficult. Hundreds of the peo- official of all Mohammedans through- ple around Kortcha, where the Amer- out the earth (except the Shiites), ican Board has a Girls' school, have was necessary to overcome the dif- been killed and hundreds more have ficulty. He was asked for one, and been beaten, exiled or imprisoned. All after weary months of waiting he has newspapers and schools have been given permission to study history and prohibited and every effort is made geography to all the pious Moslems: to keep the people in fear and ig- "The Fetra," published on September norance. Two missionaries have been 26, J9IO, in the magazine Bejan ul obliged by the Government to leave H agg, reads thus: "What is the Elbasan and Mr. and Mrs. Tsilka have word from the Sheik-ul-Islam? His

OF THE TIMES

door be open always, for it is a refuge cure from members of the Church, for all men. It is permissible to study both men and women, what is fully geography and history and to teach as important as their contributions, them in the Arabic language or in the consecration of a certain amount other tongues, like Turkish, or of their time to direct evangelistic Indian, or how does the matter stand? work among their non-Christian neigh- The answer is, Yes, it is permitted. bors. The Almighty God knows best. Written by the poor Mussa Kazim. May BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THE UN. he be forgiven for it." REST IN INDIA Thus, two years after the proclama- Unfortunately, the most that is tion of liberty the study of geography known about the "Unrest" and "Up· and history is allowed in Turkish rising" in India by those outside her schools, which, however, does not borders is the occasional telegram mean the actual introduction of these from India telling of the assassination studies into the schools. How long of some official. There is enough of it will be before the study of natural this violence to give concern; but in sciences will be allowed, is difficult to reality it is only the froth and foam on say. a mighty flood, which will sweep India on to better things. The great asset A MEN'S MOVEMENT IN INDIA from this unrest is the life that is manifested. India has long been as This matter has been agitated for dead; now she is alive, and vigorous some time, but the general judgment life, if dominated by Christ, will drive was that the time was not ripe. How- out disease from the body. As yet, of ever, recently at the call of a number course, the life is only mental and of the lay members connected with the physical energy. What India needs is Hindustani church in Lucknow, a the spiritual life of God. good congregation gathered to consider what could be done in the mat- As a result of India's new life, new ter. After the devotional exercIses views are rapidly spreading with reand the introductory speech by Rev. gard to many of the most damaging things in the Indian social system. J. R. Chitambar, Rev. L. A. Core, who The leaders of the people are seeing that their hopes for aNew India can has been closely connected with the never be realized until many wrongs workings of the movement in America, are righted. In January, 1910, the was called on to explain the congrega- Indian Social Conference met in tion methods and ntsults as he had ob- Lahore, and discust such subjects as served them while on furlough. This the outcastes, education of women, was followed by a speech by Prof. N. seclusion of women, evils of caste, en- K. Mukerjee, of the Jubilee High forced widowhood, moral and relig- School, earnestly advocating the inau- ious education, total abstinence, temguration of the movement in India. ple girls, child marriages, and foreign The result was the formation of an travel. In every case the decisions organization to be known as the Lay- of the conference were in accord with men's Missionary Association, whose enlightened Christian sentiment. object it will be, not only to try and secure increased contributions, but also The Hindu Social Reform Associaby following the Korean plan, to se-

tion of Barisal, in an appeal for Hindu New conditions are making edu- widows speaks emphatically concern- cated Indians more accessible to the ing enforced widowhood. It says: Gospel. The evils of caste, idolatry, "]ust fancy a girl of five years of age enforced widowhood, seclusion of moving briskly about and playing with women, child marriage, etc., are so her juvenile companions. She is sud- closely bound up with religion, and so denly seized by a ruffian who, with a often sanctioned by sacred texts, that shake of his grisly beard and skinny when one breaks with the practises, hands, tells her that the world is not he must break with Hinduism. An for her, that she must give up every editorial in the Indian Social Re- sport, every pleasure, every comfort former, speaks most strongly against for the sake of society, and should shut the idea put forth by some English- herself out from it for a life of fasts man that the Hindu religious leaders and privations. . . .. May we point should be made the teachers of the out that what is often believed to be young. They are spoken of as the the concentrated wisdom of ages is "agents of medievalism," and their nothing but the accumulated error of morality is spoken of as such that centuries which has blinded our eyes no children should be put into their and steeled our hearts against a sen- care. The opportunity is wonderful timent which is shared by even the for the missionary who will preach lowest beasts in creation." The Indian the simple Gospel in great love, and Social Reformer says in an editorial with sympathy for a nation striving concerning the place of women in the to be born. It is not a time for Hindu sacred books: "If Hindu argument or denunciation. The spirit women but knew what degrading and of New India will not receive that, Machiavellian things are said about but it is a time for mighty Christian them in the standard works of ortho- leaders to bring India out of her sor- doxy, they would not be the rows by the way of the cross.

stanch supporters of it that they have There is one other feature of this ever been." new life which should not be omitted, Missionaries themselves could not and that is the effect on the Christian take stronger positions on moral re- community. It has been the tendency forms so much needed in India to-day of the Christians to lean heavily upon than do the non-Christian reformers. the missionaries. The willingness of The attitude of the new life in India the missionary to bear burdens, and the is not hostile to Christianity or Chris- humble origin of the most of the tian missions. There are a few reac- Christians, are probably the causes.

tionary reformers who would drive Now, however, the Christians are feel- everything not Indian out of India, ing the impulse of the new life. The but their number is small. Without time has come for them to bear their doubt the reformers have derived own burdens. Many missionaries their ideas largely from the missionary have long hoped for such a time. If agitation of these evils, and while the present condition is met with great not usually admitting that fact, all ex- wisdom and tact, that longed for time press appreciation of what the mis- when we shall have an independent sionaries are doing. Church, may quickly come.

CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK The exclusion of all missionary many as raising the question of the work among nominally Christian peo- legitimacy of mission work among ples from the program of the World nominal Christians, and that question Missionary Conference in Edinburgh we must squarely face. It is not, how- has appeared to many persons to imply ever, a new question. It is as old as a criticism of such missionary activ- the Reformation. And in modern ity, and to raise the question of its missions it was a more living question legitimacy. As a matter of fact, its seventy-five years ago than it is to- exclusion has given it a prominence day. The American missions to the that its inclusion could never have Nestorian and Armenian peoples in secured it. Included, it would have the ancient Syrian and Gregorian been lost in the general world view, Churches, to the Greeks in Turkey, and as much lost as Southern Buddhism to the Copts in Egypt, and the effort to or the Kongo or the Shiah Mohamme- meet the dire needs of South America, dans. Excluded, it has been the first which was renouncing both Spain and subject thought of in connection with Rome and religion, raised this issue the Conference, and all over the world then as vividly as it can be raised to- the question of its true place has aris- day. The objection then and now rests en for fresh discussion. upon two assumptions, first that these Of course, we know that the con- nominal Christians are Christian and stitution of the Edinburgh Confer- do not need missionary work in their ence did not deny the legitimacy of behalf; and, second, that foreign mis- mission work among nominal Chris- sion work among them is simple pros- tians. How could any Christian con- elytizing and therefore illegitimate ference do so? Is not home mission and unworthy.

work legitimate among all classes of Missions to Oriental Churches people, whether nominal Christians or not, who are in any religious need? The story of the American missions Is not Christian work legitimate in to the oriental Churches is a fascina- hehalf of any man whatever, no mat- ting and suggestive story, and there ter who or what he is, to win him to are many lessons to be learned from Christ or to a larger and truer life it, but our concern here now is with in Christ? To deny the propriety of missions in Latin America. There are trying to help in Christ's name, and several things which should be said for Christ's service, any man whom in passing, however, regarding the we can help is to deny the very spirit purpose and warrant of the missions of Christ and to renounce the funda- to N estorians, Armenians, Greeks and mental principle of the Gospel. All Copts.

that the Edinburgh Conference did I. The Roman Catholic Church, was to confine its scope to what the which objects to our foreign mis- European Churches regard as For- sions in Latin America, does so on eign Missions. principles which it rejects in its deal- Nevertheless, it must be allowed ings with these oriental Churches. It that the action of the Edinburgh has for years carried on foreign mis- Conference has been construed by sions among them with a view to ab-

sorbing them in the Roman Catholic ica and in the United States? (3) Church. In going to these oriental If not, what course are we to pursue? Churches we have done nothing that (4) If we are to go forward with the the Roman Catholic Church has not missions, how are we to get for them done. that interest and support at home to which they are entitled, not less than 2. The conditions of these Churches our missions in Asia and Africa? demanded help from Christendom. They were illiterate. Their worship The Need of Latin America often was in dead languages. Their polity was tyrannical. Their religion I.-Are our missions in Latin-Amerwas a travesty of Christianity. They ican lunds legitimate and necessary? were an insuperable obstacle to the We answer Yes, and for the followevangelization of the Mohammedans. ing reasons: I. The moral condition of To have neglected them, in the name the South American countries warof an ecclesiastical theory, would have rants and demands the presence of been a shame and reproach which the force of evangelical religion, which the Christian spirit of the American will war against sin, and bring men Churches refused to bear. the power of righteous life. In South America, as a whole, official sta- 3. The purpose of our missions to tistics show that from one-quarter to these Churches was not proselytism, one-half of the population is of ilbut spiritual vivification. The first legitimate birth. Mr. Hale, now conmissions to the Nestorians in Persia nected, I believe, with the Bureau of were instructed to have as their ob- American Republics, says in his very temperate and fair-minded book, "The i ect in establishing this mission: "( I) South Americans," "Male chastity is practically unknown." It is the right To convince the people that they came and duty of evangelical Christianity among them with no design to take to go in with morally cleansing power away their religious privileges, nor to upon this moral need. subject them to any foreign ecclesiastical power; (2) to enable the Nes- 2. The Protestant missionary entertorian Church, through the grace of prise, with its stimulus to education God, to exert a commanding influence and its appeal to the rational nature in the spiritual regeneration of Asia." of man, is required by the intellectual The purpose in Turkey among the needs of South America. There is Armenians was the same. The sep- a brilliant upper class, many of whom arate evangelical churches grew up have been educated abroad, but the in spite of the influence of the mis- continent may justly be called an ilsions. The old bottles would not ac- literate continent. In Brazil, the cencept the new wine. sus of 1890 returned 12,213,346 of the population, or approximately 85 But our concern here is with Latin per cent., as illiterate. In Chile, 1,951,- America, and I wish to ask and an- 061 were returned in 1907 as illiterate, swer four questions: (I) Are our or approximately 60 per cent. These mISSIons in Latin-American lands two countries would dispute with Arlegitimate and necessary? (2) If so, gentina the first place in educational can they be conducted without encountering the antagonism of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin Amer-

CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA 16g

enterprise. And in the Argentine priests. Only a few months ago, the 50.5 per cent. of the population over priest in the church on the main plaza six years of age, and in Bolivia, nearly in ChiIlan, Chile, where the great 80 per cent. of the population over markets are held, boasted openly in seven years of age, are illiterate. church of having burned seven Bibles. Agencies which will bring home to The circulation of the Bible in South these nations the duty of educating America is still dependent upon the all the people, and of doing it with Bible societies and the Protestant missincere thoroughness, of setting right sionaries. If it were not for them, the standards, and of relating religion people of South America would to-day rightly to education, are justified in be without the Bible. Is it wrong to extending their help to South Amer- give it to them? Must we justify ica. a movement without which 40,000,000 people would be ignorant of the Bible? 3. Protestant missions are justified in South America in order to give 4. Protestant missions are justified the Bible to the people. There are and demanded in South America by Roman Catholic translations of the the character of the Roman Catholic Bible, both in Spanish and in Portu- priesthood. I fought as long as posguese, but the Church has discour- sible against accepting the opinion aged or forbidden their use. Again universally held throughout South and again priests have burned the America regarding the priests. Ever Bibles sold by colporteurs, or mission- since reading as a boy the "Life of aries, even when they were the Ro- Charles Kingsley," the celibacy of the man Catholic versions. Again and priesthood had seemed to me a monagain they have denounced the mis- strous and wicked theory, but I had sionaries for circulating the Scrip- believed that the men who took that tures, and have driven them out of vow were true to it, and that while villages where they were so employed, the Church lost by it irreparably and and have even secured their arrest. infinitely more than she gained, she It is safe to say that not I person out did gain, nevertheless, a pure and deof 100 in South America would ever voted, even if a narrow and impoverhave seen a Bible but for the Prot- ished service. But the deadly eviestant missionary movement. The dence spread out all over South Amerpriests themselves are ignorant of it. ica, confronting one in every district A few ecclesiastics, like the one Ro- to which he goes, evidence legally man Catholic cardinal in South Amer- convincing, morally sickening, proves ica, who was formerly an Archbishop to him that, whatever may be the in Brazil, have written approvingly case in other lands, in South America of the circulation of the Bible in the stream of the Church is polluted Portuguese, but nothing has been done at its fountains. by the Church to promote the circulation in Spanish, which is the lan- 5. Protestant missions in South guage of two-thirds of South Amer- America are justified because the Roica. The Archbishop of Bogota re- man Catholic Church has not .given quires all who have Bibles in their the people Christianity. There are possession to deliver them up to their surely some who find peace and com- fort, and some who see Christ through

all that hides Him and misrepresents fending South America's religion Him, but the testimony of the most from the charge that it did not know temperate and open-minded of the a living Christ, contends that in the men and women who were once them- deep faith of the people in Ecuador selves earnest Roman Catholics, is in transubstantiation, and in their that there are few whom they know reverence for the Host, there is a in the Roman Catholic Church who recognition of the living Christ that know the facts of Christ's life, and is indisputable. The very argument fewer still who know Christ. The is acknowledgment of the charge to be crucifixes, of which South America refuted. A Christian religion that is is full, inadequately represent the Gos- life and power, is bound to redeem it- pel. They show a dead man, not a self from such misrepresentation. living Savior. We did not see in all the churches we visited a single sym- The Strength and Weakness of Rome bol or suggestion of the resurrection 6. Protestant missions are justified or the ascension. There were hundreds in South America, because the Roman of paintings of saints and of the Holy Catholic Church is at the same time Family and of Mary, but not one of so strong and so weak there. There the supreme event in Christianity. And priesthood has a powerful hold upon even the dead Christ is the subordi- the superstition of the people. As nate figure. The central place is we rode along one day in Brazil in Mary's. Often she is shown holding a drizzling rain, with bare heads and a small lacerated dead figure in her rubber ponchos, an old woman came lap, and often she is the only person running solicitously from her hovel, represented at all. In the great La mistaking us for priests and crying, Merced church in Lima, over the "Oh, most powerful God, where is chancel is the motto: "Gloria a Ma- your hat?" To the people the priest ria." In the oldest church in Bar- stands in the place of God, and even ranquilla, there is no figure of Christ where his own life is vile, the people at all in the altar equipment, but Mary distinguish between his function as without the infant in the center, two priest in which he stands as God beother figures on either side, and over fore the altar, and his life as man, in all "Gloria a Maria." In the wall of which he falls into the frailties of the the ancient Jesuit Church in Cuzco, flesh. Not only is the priesthood the known as the Church of the Campania, . most influential body in South Amerare cut the words, "Come unto Mary, ica, but the Church has a hold upon all ye who are burdened and weary politics and family life and society with your sins, and she will give you which is paralyzing. Its evil is not rest." There are many, I am sure, weak and harmless, but pervasive and who learn to love and reverence the deadly, and the Christian Church is name of Christ, but Christ as a liv- called by the most mandatory sancing moral and spiritual power the tions to deal with the situation. But, South American religion does not pro- on the other hand, the Roman Catholic claim. And I notice that in a recent Church does not have a fraction of issue of A merica, the Jesuit weekly the strength and power in South published in New York, a writer de- America which we had supposed it

rJ THE CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN

had, and the inefficiency of its work to understand the morality of the view is pitiful. With enormous resources, which would deliver the whole situawith all the lines of power in its hands, tion in South America to the agency it has steadily lost ground. The which has created it, an agency whose churches, save on festivals, are most- influence unless reformed from withly ill-attended. The priests are de- out, is wanting for everything but rided and reviled. The leading news- evil. paper in Chile, which bitterly attacked some statement which I made upon 7· The Roman Catholic Church in returning, about the character of the South America needs the Protestant priests, a few weeks later printed a missionary movement. There is good denunciation of the priests in north- in that Church in South America. ern Chile, far more sweeping than There are good men and women in anything I had said. The comic pa- it. In spite of the falsehoods and pers gibe at them. This spectacle of vicious elements in it, there is truth a continent of men losing all respect also. That the good in it may triumph for religion and leaving it to women over the evil, there is need of exterand to priests whose moral character nal stimulus and purification. The they despise, and whose religious char- preserice of Protestant missions alone acter they deride, is a grave and dis- will shame the Church into a selftressing spectacle. There is no sadder cleansing, and introduce the forces, or sight to be found in the whole world. support whatever inner forces there The religious teachers of South may already be, which may correct America have made the men of the and vivify it. There are some who continent irreligious. They have dis- think the South American religious covered that what was taught them is system is simply to be swept away, false, and with that discovery they that it can not be reformed; but there have flung away the faith which they i, another view open to us, and that now call superstition. One can not is that against whatever odds and but feel toward them as the author with whatever deep-cutting excisions of "Ecco Homo" felt toward the the good may be strengthened and en- Pharisees: "It would be better that abled to eliminate the eviL Already the Jews should have no teachers of Protestant missions have wrought wisdom at all than that they should great changes. They are altering in have teachers who should give them Chile at least the ostensible attitude folly under the name of wisdom. of the Church toward the Bible. They Better that in the routine of a labo- have been among the influences which rious life they should hear of wisdom have secured a very fair text-book of as a thing more costly than pearls but sacred history in the public schools beyond their reach, than that it should in Chile. They have elevated the seem to be brought within their reach standard of education in the schools and they should discover it to be paste conducted by the Roman Catholic Church, and have greatly stimulated If a divine revelation be the the Church in its establishment of greatest of blessings, then the impos- schools. "His praiseworthy efforts," ture that counterfeits it must be the says the ex-Minister of Justice and greatest of all evils." It is not easy Public Instruction in the .Argentine,

Dr. Frederico Pinedo, of Mr. Morris, it is demanded by the moral necesthe founder of the Argentine Evan- sities. The South American Church gelical Schools, "have had the virtue system has not met these. It has proof awakening the Catholics, who, not duced them. It has resulted in stagto be left behind, have also founded nant populati()ns, some of which have numerous schools, so that in every diminished in !lumbers. It has inspired way the most needy children are be- no moral reform. It has created no ing benefited." They have o:teadily solid basis of commercial and political widened the sphere of freedom, and character. It has done nothing perhedged in the Church more and more manently to uplift the Indians. Litto a true church ideal. To restrain tle of its great wealth has been emor abate the forces which have done ployed either in education or in works all this is not an act of true friend- of charity. Its philanthropies are inship toward the Roman Catholic significant in comparison with those Church. It is a betrayal of her best of the Roman Catholic Church in the interests and her best men and wo- United States. The power which men, who need all the help that can it is evident the Protestant missions be sent from without to cleanse the alone can introduce is needed to awa- South American soul, and to purge ken a benevolent love of the unfortuits chief institution. nate and the needy, and to make the character without which free institu- The Only Hope for South America tions can not endure, and the resources of nations must lie undeveloped. Let 8. And lastly, tho it seems to me me put this last consideration in the that I have only begun the argument, words of the Anglican Bishop of the evangelical Christianity is warranted Falkland Islands, whose seat is in in going to South America, because Buenos Ayres, and whose work lays it alone can meet the needs of the on him the burden of South America's Latin-American nations. Many lead- real need: "The needs of South ing men in South America realize America," says he, "how great and this. Again and again South Amer- pathetic they are! The world's empty ican statesmen or governments have continent, the hope of the futuresought from Protestant lands what the home to be of millions of Eurothey recognized could come alone peans, who are already beginning to from them. The Argentine Govern- flow there in a steady stream-it is ment gave $r ,000 gold toward the without true religion, and does not present building of the American realize its danger! The form of the Church in Buenos Ayres. When Sar- faith prevalent is the weakest and miento became president of Argen- most corrupt known, and it is impostina he commissioned Dr. Goodfellow, sible to believe that the rising young a missionary returning to the United nationalities of the continent can long States, to send out a number of edu- be content with it. Indeed, they are cated women to open normal schools. not content with it now. Yes, a faith Evangelical Christianity is required to they must have. What hope is there meet the intellectual, moral and social for Argentine, for example, that needs of South America as well as its Spanish-speaking United States of the religious necessities. Fundamentally,

THE CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA

future, without true religion? Of what man Catholic Church in Latin Amer- use are vast material resources, rapid ica and in the United States?

development, wealth, knowledge, pow- Well, as a matter of fact, they do er, without that? Surely, God has a not escape, and never have escaped place in the world for these brillian" this antagonism, no matter what the Southern races. They are still full care and spirit with which they have of vitality. We have no right to been conducted. I could quote criti- speak of them as effete and played cisms by Roman Catholics of the out, especially when we know the mar- American Episcopal missions in Bra- velous recuperative power of the hu- zil and the Philippines, altho in the man race. Well, where should this latter, the mission has sought carefully place of development be, but in the to protect itself from the suspicion free air and temperate climate and of proselytizing among the Roman wide spaces of the New World, far Catholic Filipinos. And you all know from the social tyrannies and religious how the Protestant missions in aU superstitions which have hitherto re- parts of Latin America have been as- tarded their proper growth? It is sailed by the Roman Church, and how nothing less axiomatic that South the organs .of the Church in the United America needs true religion, if ics States have dealt with any who have future history is not to be a disap- dared to state the facts regarding Lat- pointment, and its development a fail- in-American conditions. Now, is all ure. this inevitable?

"South America needs what Chris- History helps us to answer this tian England, if the Church were but question. There was a time when in moved with more faith and love, could the Philippines, and in all Latin Amer- easily give-true religion; namely, re- ica there was no religious liberty, no formed, scriptural, apostolic Christian- free speech, no public education, no ity. Our own people need it, that they civil marriage, no burial rites or inter- may be saved from only too possible ment in a cemetery for a Protestant, degradation. The Spanish and Portu- no valid baptism for Protestant chil- guese-speaking people need it, that dren, and consequently, in some lands, they may develop into strong free na- no right of inheritance. These in- tions they desire to be. The aboriginal tolerable conditions have passed away.

races of Indians need it, that they Did they pass away without the an- may be saved from extinction, and tagonism of the Roman Catholic find place, too, in the Kingdom of Church? It fought everyone of these God." reforms. It is fighting some of them If missionary work is not warranted still. Not one advance has been made and demanded in conditions like these, toward free institutions and free edu- where is it legitimate? cation, and freedom of opinion and The Antagonism of Roman Catholics speech and religion in Latin America without encountering sooner or later n.-But if our missions in Latin the opposition of the Roman Church.

America are justified and necessary, In 1852, the Pope denounced the can they be conducted without en- movement in New Granada toward re- countering the antagonism of the Ro- ligious liberty, which decreed the e.x-

pulsion of the Jesuits, a curtailment reached, but neither of these con~ of Church revenues, free education, siderations will save us from the opfreedom of the press and freedom of positon of the Roman Catholic public and private worship. These Church, for, as the recent investiga- "nefarious decrees," the Pope con- tions of the delegates from the Engdemned and declared to be "null and lish Baptist Church have shown, and void." In October, 1864, Pius IX as all who have looked into the subwrote to Maximilian, "Your Majesty ject know the work of the Roman is well aware that in order effectively Catholic Church in South America to repair the evil occasioned by the claims almost all the accessible Indian revolution, and to bring back as soon population, so that work there is reas possible, happy days for the sented by the Roman Church as much Church, the Catholic religion must, as work for the rest of the population, above all things, continue to be the and, curious as the fact may appear, glory and mainstay of the Mexican the atheism and unbelief and immoralnation, to the exclusion of every other ity of South America are nominally dissenting worship; that the bishops Roman Catholic. In no South Amermust be perfectly free in the exercise ican country have the men of the land of their pastoral ministry; that the more completely thrown off religion religious orders should be reestab- than in the Argentine, and yet nomilished or reorganized, that no person nally these men are Roman Cathomay obtain the faculty of teaching lics, and the constitution of the Arfalse and subversive tenets; that in- gentine requires that the President of struction, whether public or private, the RepUblic shall be a Roman Cathoshould be directed and watched over lic. I believe there is the same reby the ecclesiastical authority, and that quirement among similar conditions in in short the chains may be broken Uruguay. In Chile, where a third which up to the present time have of the births are illegitimate, and 60 held the Church in a state of self- per cent. of the popUlation is illiterate, dependence, and subject to the arbi- the government cen~us gives 98 per trary rule of civil government." Now cent. of the population as Roman if every step thus far toward the Catholics; while in Brazil, where the emancipation and enlightenment of government census of 1890 gave a per- South America has been antagonized centage of illegitimacy of 18 per cent. by the Roman Catholic Church, we and of illiteracy of 80 per cent., the must not be surprized or intimidated official returns gave 98 per cent. of if we continue to meet with opposi- the people as Roman Catholics. In tion. other words, on the declaration of the official census in Brazil, almost 18 per The Real Facts cent. of the Roman Catholic births were illegitimate, and about 80 per For let us candidly and fearlessly cent. of the members of the Roman face the real facts. It is very well Catholic Church were illiterate, while to seek to justify some of our work according to the official census of in South America by pointing out Chile, almost 33 per cent. of the Rothe atheism and unbelief which needs man Catholic births were illegitimate, to be dealt with, and also the great aboriginal popUlation which is to be

CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA

and about 60 per cent. of the church- We may lament this. We may be- members illiterate. You can not do lieve, as I believe, that it is the height anything for the people of Brazil or of folly for the Roman Catholic Chile that is not on the face of it Church in the United States and Can- work for Roman Catholics. Prac- ada, to seek to deny or cloak the tically all the illegitimacy and illiteracy indisputable facts regarding Latin is Roman Catholic illegitimacy and America. But the cold truth is that illiteracy. We do not believe that we can not carryon any Protestant that fact puts it beyond the pale and work of any sort whatever in Latin makes any effort to relieve it unwar- America without encountering the rantable, but the simple fact can not opposition of the Roman Catholic be escaped that whatever missions are Church both there and here.

operated in these lands, or, indeed, in What Shall We Do? any Latin-American lands, are oper- ated among nominal Roman Catho- IlL-If, then, this opposition is un- lics; for the Roman Catholic Church avoidable, what course are we to pur- claims them all as its own. sue?

And the situation is not relieved by 1. We are to do our duty. It is that view of our mission work in these our duty to minister to human need.

lands which would acquit it of all Weare to maintain our missions in responsibility for establishing Evan- Latin America, and to seek to evan- gelical churches, and would be satis- gelize the people of Latin America fied to conduct it simply as a moral with the Christian Gospel, just as we and educational influence, seeking by seek to evangelize the Japanese Budd- its example to awaken the Roman hist sects whose doctrines and rites Catholic Church to better standards are scarcely less Christian than those and a purer life. The Roman Catho- of many of the Latin-American lic Church approves of su~h Protes- peoples.

tant missions no more than the other 2. Weare to seek to build up evan- kind. It has opposed such work so gelical churches in Latin America, and earnestly as it has fought evangelis- to receive into these churches con- tic effort. In the Argeritine House of verted men and women, whether Deputies it assailed, through one of these men and women have been its bishops, the remarkable schools of nominal Roman Catholics and actual Mr. Morris in Buenos Ayres, and in atheists and unbelievers, or whether Brazil. American Catholics have la- they have been open repudiators of all mented the work even of Protestant religion, or whether, as will usually institution" which, altho ill this they be the case, they are men and wo- were in error, they declared had no men who have sought for moral and evangelistic purpose or influence. spiritual satisfaction in the Roman As a matter of fact, our missions Catholic Church as it is in South are welcomed in every Latin-Amer- America, and have been disappointed.

ican land, but not by the Roman Most of the earnest members of the Catholic Church. Both in South Amer- evangelical churches in Latin America ica and here that Church stedfastly have been devout Roman Catholics resents and opposes every such effort. who were discontented with their

vain search for life and peace. If it And all the forces of human progress is said that this is proselytism, my are with us. Indeed, there are some reply is that I abhor proselytism as entirely too free and radical forces much as any man, but that proselytism awaking within the Roman Catholic is the effort to win a man from one Church, or among the Latin-American form of Christian faith to another, people. We must beware of sympathy and that the Latin-American form of with anti-clerical movements which Christianity is so inadequate and mis- rest on principles which are anti-re- representative that to preach the truth ligious, and with tendencies of thought to it is not proselytism, but the Chris- which not only destroy tradition, but tian duty of North American Chris- by the same token, dissolve history. tians, both Protestant and Catholic. We have no easy path. The true path is never easy in the midst of 3. We are to pursue in all this work conflicting extremes. To be a rank the most irenic course. Weare not partizan is far simpler than to extri- to attack the Roman Catholic Church. cate truth from error in antagonistic . That is not good policy, and it is not views and to travel on even ways. good principle, and it is to many of us practically impossible. We grew up 5. We must recognize sympatheti- here with many friends in the Roman cally the problem with which the Ro- Catholic Church, and we have many man Catholic Church has to deal. It friends in it now. We believe that is stupendous. One's heart goes out here, and even in Latin America, it to the earnest men who have to bear holds some great fundamental Chris- this burden. It remains to be seen tian truths. We respect the piety and whether the capacity of adjustment to consecration of many of its men and new and unavoidable conditions is in women. Weare appalled at the mass the Church, or whether it is incapable of evil which has overcrusted it in of being reformed. There are many Latin America, but even so, we can who assert that it is. We venture to not wage a war against it. Our pur- believe otherwise, regarding large sec- pose and desire are to preach Christ tions of it at least. In other large sec- and to set forth the positive truth in tions a work of destruction and re- love. This course will result in the generation must be done as radical destruction of error. Even this course almost as any needed in heathenism. will be opposed by the Latin-American Church, but, nevertheless, in spite of Support at Home such opposition, in spite of the in- sults and slander by which all who try IV.-And now, lastly, if we are to tn show the actual conditions in Latin go forward, in this spirit of good will America, will be assailed in the United and friendliness, but of undaunted States, we must not be provoked into determination, how are we to get for unkindness or injustice toward that these missions adequate interest and which is good and true in the Roman support at home? Those who are now Catholic Church, both among its peo- interested in such missions are in- ple and among its leaders. terested, as a rule, from ultra Prot- estant and militant anti-Papal con- 4- We must be patient and hopeful. victions, and their argument for mis- If we have the truth, it will prevail. sions in Latin America, would in-

volve as an inevitable corollary a great presentation which can be gainsaid or propaganda in the United States and disputed, we are in danger of damag- Canada, against the Roman Catholic ing the case which must be made. Such Church. I do not believe we ought to faulty evidence can not invalidate the take up the matter in this way. It is sound evidence, but diverts attention, true that the Roman Catholic Church and it compromises the argument. It in the United States makes it very is no easy matter to be faultless here difficult to take it up in any other when we review all the testimony way. It insists that the Church is which is current. But we must take one in all lands, and in all ages, and pains to be absolutely accurate, and that to state what we know to be the then we must speak out unflinchingly facts about Latin America is to libel the facts which demand attention, and and attack the Church in the United which dare not be obscured. States and Canada. This is a terrible responsibility to assume, and one 2. We must challenge the conlongs for the day when the Church science of Great Britain and America in our lands will be as bold as Car- specially. The South American Jourdinal Vaughan and Father Sherman, nal states that Great Britain has :£555,- any many other ecclesiastics have been, J42,041 capital invested in South and denounce and renounce the evils America, and that her dividends from and abuses which flourish under the this investment in 1909 were £25,457,- name of the Church in all Latin Amer- 030; that is more each month than ica. And we must anticipate this the total expenditure on evangelical day, and be wise enough and generous missions in South America in a hunenough not to allow th~ American and dred years. In the face of such a Canadian Roman Catholics to shoul- statement as I quoted at the outset der the shame of Latin America in from the Bishop of the Falkland blind denial of indisputable facts. Our Islands, can a nation conscientiously propaganda must be carried on, I be- do such a thing as this, draw a stream lieve, on the basis of these facts, name- of national wealth from these lands ly, the conditions of need in Latin and contribute to them no moral or America, which unanswerable evi- spiritual treasure, or next to none? dence can establish. 3. We must, temperately, but firm- I. First of all, we must set forth ly, dispute the position that the whole these conditions, aud prove them by Church is facing the whole world task, evidence which can not be gainsaid. or is entitled to claim the divine re- Whenever evidence creeps into our sources available for a world emprise alone, if it excludes from its view the need and appeal of Latin America.

URGENCY OF MISSIONS If the government of Great Britain In all India I did not see a single can take the census of India within soul that looked as tho it could twenty-four hours, how long ought afford to wait till the next generation it to take to give the gospel to all to hear the gospel of Jesus Christ.- those in India ?-A. J. GORDON. J. CAMPBELL WHITE.

MITIVE METHODS IN OLD

RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES IN MEXICO BY NEVIN O. WINTER, ESQ., TOLEDO, OHIO. Author of "Mexico and Her People of To-Day_"

When the Spanish conquerors dians could not fully appreciate the reached Mexico the policy of Cortez Deity or humanity of Christ when repleft no alternative to the inhabitants resented by such invaders. but the adoption of the Christian religion. "Conversion" and "baptism" A few of the Aztec gods blossomed became interchangeable terms, and out as Christian saints soon after the baptized pagans were immediately en- Conquest through the ingenious rolled as Christians, even tho their schemes of the early priests, who conversion only followed the use of adopted this method to make the new the fire and rack. Within a few years religion accepted. They brought with after the conquest, according to tlte them into the Roman Church the Roman Catholic records, baptism had particular cha;acteristics and powers heen administered to more than (our which they were credited with as pagan million Indians. gods. As for example, the goddess of the rains, who was much worshiped Dreams of avarice swayed the in the regions of little rain, may be minds of the conquering legions, for recognized in Our Lady of the Mists, it was believed that from the unknown of the Mexican Church, who is apwestern world was to come the gold pealed to fol' the much-needed rain, that was to make every man a Cro~"us. and is believed to have the same power But first these ungodly peopte must be that the old Aztec or Toltec gods were converted to Roman Catholicism, and, supposed to have. In many places there as the unlettered Indians r::ould nr)t are shrines erected to these saints of understand the real spirit and mean- the Church, and it has been proven ing of this new religion, visible sym- that, in most instances, in Aztec times, bols and pictures were substituted for temples existed on the same spots their former idols, and the introduc- dedicated to the goddess of the rains tion of the Roman religion substi- or mists. tued new ceremonies and symbols for the rites of their old sanguinary wor- The story 0 f miraculous appearship. It is little wonder that the In- ances upon scenes already sacred, made the transition from the native

19II ] RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES IN MEXICO

ceremonies to the ritual of the Ro- their gods, thus indicating that the man Catholic Church easy to a people grosser forms of paganism have not who were accustomed to outward been stamped out entirely. The priests show and symbolism. The striking do not approve of this and try in every ceremonies of the Roman Church, as day to stop these practises, but withpractised in :Mexico, and its impres s- out success. ive services in an unknown tongue. seemed in harmony with the rites of The Roman Catholic Church used the Aztecs, and it was not hard for to be all-powerful in Mexico. It Cortez to force his religion upon the held the wealth and the learning of simple and superstitious mind of the the country, and rich men gave freely poor conquered Indian, who was more of their substance. Poor peons-and interested in form than in doctrine. they are vastly in the majority-went It is, therefore, easy to understand clothed in rags that the Church might why the religion of the Roman Church be benefited. A favorite method of in Mexico is not free from pagan fea- increasing the income was the sale tures, even to this day. As one writer of indulgences. General Thompson, expresses it, "Paganism was baptized, United States Minister to Mexico in Christianity paganized." Outward r845, wrote as follows: "As a means display means more than spirituality or raising money, I would not exand piety with the ignorant who con- change the single institution of the stitute a very large proportion of the Roman Catholic religion (in Mexico) population. of masses for the dead and indul- gences for the living for the power of In remote caves of mountain re- taxation possest by any government." gions it is said that the ancient deities are still worshiped. Several writers Shrines and chapels were formerly assert that they have seen Indians on so numerous that a true believer passed their way to the mountains to sacri- through the streets with head uncovfice lambs, chickens and flowers to ered and hat in hand, for fear that he might pass one unobserved, and not AN ADOBE HUT ON THE MEXICAN PLATEAU

remove his head-covering, as piety de- of it. An edict aimed at the power manded. During the later years of of the Church was issued by Com- Spanish rule in Mexico, the Church monfort in 1857, but the Indian rebecame so rich that it was reported former and president, Juarez, was to have in its possession one-third of the first to actually accomplish the all the wealth in Mexico. In addition separation of church and state, several to the power the Church naturally years later. The establishment of the held, this immense wealth gave its empire with Maximilian as Emperor leaders great prestige in governmental was a reaction, and an attempt to esaffairs, for wealth everywhere com- tablish a government in which the mands power and respect among those interests of the Church would again in authority. At one time the clergy he paramount.

ENTRANCE TO A SUBTERRANEAN TEMPLE AT MITLA, !'.lEXICO held property to the value of about The greater portion of the property $r80,ooo,ooo, yielding an annual in- once owned by the Church has now come of $12,000,000, according to re- been lost, and the country abounds in liable authorities. Some have even ruined churches and convents. The estimated the wealth at more than law went so far as to prohibit the Church from holding the title to prop- $600,000,000. erty, and if it wished to own property, it must be in the names of individuals. Unfortunately, the Church used its Priests were forbidden, under penalty great influence to oppose progress. of fine and imprisonment, to appear The immense wealth of convents, in the streets in their clerical dress. shrines and monasteries was poured Religious processions outside the walls forth with lavish hand in what of the church, or churchyard, were the Church considered a holy war prohibited. Civil ceremonies were against heretical ideas and persons. made obligatory to render a marriage Then reformers set envious eyes upon valid, and Sisters of Charity and the the church property, and numerous attempts were made to gain possession

Jesuits were sent out of the country. The Mexican Catholic Church, as Even the ringing of bells was regu- an institution, is no doubt to some exlated' by law, so that it has now lost tent the victim of the ignorance and not only its property, but its prestige fanatical zeal I)f its early founders in as well. Mexico. The Church will thrive far more when placed on the same footing For many years Mexico has thus as all churches are in the United progrest in the line of reform. The States, and people and priest accept ambition of the Roman Church has that condition. As one prominent been held in check, but they are re- American priest has recently said in gaining some of their former power, commenting on the struggle in France: and are recovering much of their for- "Everywhere that Church and State mer property. The average Mexican BOOTHS FOR SELLING SACRED CANDLES AT GUADALUPE is superstit1ous. He is boastful and are united the Church is in bondage. bold in times of peace, but craven in Nowhere is the Church so free and the time of trial. Consequently, when untrammeled, or so progressive, as in sick and about to die, he will send the United States." for the priest, no matter how he may have fought the Church when in The first organized movement on health. Many priests, claiming that the part of Protestant organizations the Roman Catholic Church, as the to evangelize Mexico was made by the chosen (?) of the Lord, has a lien American Bible Society when they on all earthly goods, and refuse to sent out one of their representatives administer the last sacrament with- with the American army in 1846. This out some restitution. If the lying man distributed several thousand man owns a confiscated church prop- copies of the Scriptures between Vera erty, he must restore its value before Cruz and the capital, which afterward he can have a clear title to a home bore fruit. A few years later a woin heaven. man, Miss Melinda Rankin, who had been engaged in missionary work in

Texas, crossed the border and held The Presbyterians are working in services in Monterey. In 1862 a Bap- fourteen different States. They have tist missionary, Rev. James Hickey, fifty organized churches and two hunalso began work in Monterey. No dred and twenty-two out-stations, organized effort was made by Protes- which are served by twenty-one fortant denominations until 1869; be- eign missionaries and one hundred and tween this date and 1880, missionaries one native workers. The Methodist were sent by the following denomina- Episcopal Church has twenty-nine tlons: Protestant Episcopal, Meth- missionaries in the field, and one hunodist Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal dred amI twenty-two native workers, South, Presbyterian, North and and is holding services at more than South, Baptist, Christian and Con- a hundred different places. The gregational. Bishop H. C. Riley ob- various denominations have divided tained an old church for the use of up the field, and are working together the Protestant Episcopal Church, and in harmony. The Methodists, for in- Rev. William Butler purchased a part stance, are working in Guanajuato, of the convent of San Francisco, in Leon, Pachuca, Puebla, Silao, and the heart of the city, for the Meth- Oaxaca. The Presbyterians have odist Episcopal Church. centered their efforts in Aguas Cali- entes, Zacatecas, Saltillo, San Luis President Diaz has encouraged the Potosi and Jalapa. All denominations missionaries in many ways, and Rev. have missions in the City of Mexico. Villiam Butler quotes an interview The Methodists, Baptists, Presbyteriin which the President exprest himself ans and Congregationalists have their as follows: "I have seen this land own publishing-houses and issue peas none of you ever saw it, in degrada- riodicals and a great deal of printed tion, with everything in the line of matter in Spanish. There are in all toleration and freedom to learn. 1 about 250 foreign missionaries in have watcLed its rise and progress to Mexico, serving about 700 congregaa better condition. We are not all tions. Many of these workers are we ought to be and hope to be; but medical missionaries who are doing we are not what we once were; we a vast amount of good, and others are have risen as a people, and are now teachers who are instructing the rising faster than ever. My advice is, youth. The Protestant bodies own do not be discouraged. Keep on with property in Mexico valued at nearly your work, avoiding topics of irrita- $2,000,000, aU in use for the purtion, and preaching your gospel in poses of education and spiritual inits own spirit." struction.

THE FIRST MISSIONARY Jesus Christ the first great mission- His soul an offering for sin. Thm, ary came. A man in the highest sense only the man Jesus can meet the man was offered for men. This epitomizes from Macedonia; and this will He do, redemption. And He must still come. until the vision of the natural man He must still go. Allied to his con- shall fade out and that of the resecrated servants, He must still make deemed man rise up in His place.– P. L. JONES.

GATE OF SEOUL~

THE EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM ASIA-I1I* FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF KOREA BY REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

Korea has been called "the storm- surrounded. It is one series of bleak, center of modern missions." A work sandy peaks, almost without verdure. of revival has been in progress for The great extent to which wood is some years, and has become known as used for fuel in Korea causes the one of the most remarkable in the destruction of the few remaining trees history of modern missions. It can even while they are still young. only be compared in magnitude and spiritual results with such work of The population in and about the grace as that at Hila, in the Hawaiian capital, Seoul, is about 500,000. Korea Islands, and in the Telugu Mission of measures approximately 600 miles Central India. The eyes of the Chris- north and south, and a little less than tian world are now turned in the di- one-quarter of that distance from east ~ection of this newly-acquired de- to west. It has an area of about pendency of Japan. 80,000 square miles, or about half the size of Japan. It is divided into thir- The latitude of Korea is from 35 de- teen provinces, and the total populagrees to 43 degrees north, correspond- tion, according to the Japan Year ing to the part of the United States Book for 1907, is reckoned at 14,000,- reaching from Cape Cod to the Potomac. Its situation on the far-eastern 000. coast of Asia, its sea-coast and its proximity to Manchuria, China, and Korea has a backbone of mountains Japan makes it a strategic point. which abound in ranges that run ir- regularly from end to end. They are The first impression of a traveler on not very high, few being as elevated nearing Seoul is the desolation of the as 2,500 feet. They are very much mountain region by which the city is revered by the people, as the habita- tion of spirits who guard the living • Dated, Seoul, Korea, December 13. 1910. and watch over the dead.

Of the ten rivers of Korea, none are is now comparatively little smallpox on the hilly east coast except the Tu- since vaccination has become common men, but there are four rivers on the and the Japanese have introduced so west. The soil is barren-looking earth, many sanitary improvements that tyand would seem almost incapable of phus fever and cholera are becoming fertility, and yet when once vegetation more and more rar,e. is rooted, it seems to flourish. Rice is the king of all vegetable products. The people are a generally quiet and dignified. The pigtail is worn by The land is not without its miner- young men until marriage, when the als, but little mining has been at- hair is done up in a "topknot." The telnpted, because the spirits of the hills right to wear a beard is conceded only to those who have a son. Daughters A KOREAN BOY AND MAN are underrated, as is the case in most oriental countries. are supposed to be disturbed and displeased by engineering operations. The land seems comparatively de- void of religion. There are no great The means of transportation are temples, as in Japan, where they are very primitive, and the strong backs found on every hill and every valley. of the coolie, the pony and the bul- No great procession of priests or falock bear the burden of the country. kirs, sacred animals, incense sticks or A coolie will sometimes lift and car- low prostrations are seen in Korea. ry as much as 500 pounds. Mr. Hulbert says, "There is a mosaic of religious beliefs, held not only by There are many curious examples different individuals, but by single inof the meeting of the old and the dividuals." In the Korean mind there new in Korea. Side by side with the is no antagonism between the different most primitive house or shop may be cults, however logically antagonistic. seen a building of modern western In one frame of mind a man may lean construction, with glass windows and toward Buddhism, in another toward doors, and oftentimes with modern his ancestral fetishism; a Confucian- English signs as well as Korean char- ist in society, a Buddhist in philosacters. ophy, and a spirit-worshiper in trouble. The basis of all practical re- Many diseases are prevalent in the ligion seems to be spirit-worship, incountry. Korea is first of all a coun- cluding animism, shamanism, fetishtry of chills and fever. Happily, there ism and nature-worship generally.

Dr. Gale says that "Society has rested on five strong pillars called oh- ryun, or the five laws, as they are sometimes called, on which rests the world of Confucius." Between father and son this doctrine requires "chin," or friendship; between king and cour- tier, "eui," or righteousness; between husband and wife, "pyul," or defer- ence; between young and old. "saw,"

EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM

or degree; between friends, "shin," Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop says, in or good faith. Allied to these are the her book, "Korea and Her Neighfive virtues: in, eui, ye, chi, shin (love, bars," "vVoman's rights are few, and righteousness, ceremony, knowledge, depend on custom rather than on law. faith). Millions of pages have been She now possesses the right of remarwritten on these subjects, and the riage, and that on remaining unmarwhole five are combined by hyphens into one word, as tho the elements WAYSIDE IDOLS IN KOREA which composed that word were inseparable. Then there are believed to ried until she is sixteen, and she can be five Original Elements-metal, refuse permission to her husband for wood, water, fire and earth. These his concubines to occupy the same agam are associated in one hyphen· house with herself. She is powerless ated word, keum-mok-su-wha-do. to divorce her husband, conjugal fidel- They are called the "Oh-hang," so ity, typified by the goose, the symbolic that the Korean society may be char- figure at a wedding, being a feminine acterized by "Oh-ryun," "Oh-sang" virtue solely. Her husband may cast and "Oh-hang," the Five Laws, the her off for seven reasons-incurable Five Virtues and the Five Elements. disease, theft, childlessness, infidelity, Dr. Gale compares the Five Elements jealousy, incompatibility with her parto the foundation, the Five Laws to ents-in-Iaw, and a quarrelsome dispoas many pillars and the Five Virtues sition. She may be sent back to her to the firmament above the pillars. father's house for anyone of these The Five Elements are supposed to causes. Domestic happiness is a thing play a most important part in life's she does not look for. The Korean affairs. They have to do even with has a house, but no home. The hushappy marriages. A young man whose band has his life apart; common ties element is wood must not be mated to of friendship and external interest are a metal-girl or a fire-girl. Earth and not known. His pleasure is taken in water are the only safe elements with company with male acquaintances and which wood can be combined, so that the "Oh-hang" concerns even the smaller details of life. Of course, with such a philosophy as the social basis, progress is difficult. Such views cause customs to become stereotyped and are an apology for most absurd and unwholesome practises and superstitions.

The father's authority in the family is absolute, as the King's word has been in society. If a wife is not fortunate enough to bear sons, it is a common thing to resort to concubines or a second wife, and the first wife meekly submits.

'gesang'; and the marriage relation- that he loved lost and fallen women.

ship is briefly summarized in the re- Peach-red had never before heard of mark of a Korean gentleman in con- such a being. Her soul was sick, and versation with me on the subject, 'We she wondered if she could but meet marry our wives, but we love our con- Him what he would say to 'the likes of cubines.' " her,' and if He really could cure soul- Dr. George Heber gives the words sickness. When or where or how of one of the native Christian wo- Peach-red met· Jesus, I know not; but men: "Before Christ came into our that she met Him I most assuredly home I never knew what it was to eat know. Seven years rolled away, and a meal in the same room with my hus- out of my life passed the name of band. His meals were served to him Peach-red. It was forgotten in the in the sarang (reception-room), while multitude of names that crowded on I had mine on the earth floor in the me. One Sunday, after service in a kitchen. He always spoke to me in great meeting-house of some two the lowest grade of servant talk, and thousand people, with this and that often called me by insulting names. one coming forward to say 'Peace,'

Sometimes, when he was angry or there appeared before me a smiling drunk, he used to beat me, and my life face known and yet not known. 'Don't was as miserable as that of most all you remember me ? You baptized me the heathen Korean women. But now seven years ago. MyoId name was that Christ has come into our hearts, Peach-red.' Here was this woman in everything is changed. My husband value once less than zero, crowned has not struck me once since he be- with the light and liberty and growth came a Christian. We have our meals in grace during seven years. On long and prayers together in the sarang, journeys over the mountains, hun- and he always speaks kindly to me, dreds of miles, on such a mission as addressing me as an equal. The past Paul's through Europe, had gone the life was a bad dream; the present is unwearied feet of Peach-red. For a foretaste of heaven. We did not seven years it had been a pilgrimage know what love was until Christ came of yictory, and she was here to-day into our home to teach us." with an overflowing heart to thank the A most interesting instance of the Lord. By her side sat Madam Ye, blessing of the Gospel to Korean wo- wife of one of Korea's noted men, men is recorded by Dr. James S. once imprisoned, curtained round, se- Gale, who says: "As I write I see cluded, shadowed by the awful form the face of one called Tohong (Peach- of Nai-woi, proud too, not deigning to red). She was a low-class dancing- look at such refuse as Peach-red. To- girl, bought and sold. Restoration day they sit together and Madam Ye was a word not applicable to her, for says: 'You know so much of the she never was right. She was born Bible. Let me listen while you read lapsed and lived lapsed. Over the walls it. Truly you are dear.' Jesus had of the world that encircled her came broken Nai-woi so that Madam Ye the story of Jesus, a man, a wise and came to this crowded meeting-house.

pure man, pure as God is pure, in fact Christ had bridged the chasm that di- a God as God is God, yet it was said vided these two women. He had de-

livered the poor dancing-girl from the he found that he could retain it in life of a broken Nai-woi and from the his memory. slavery under which she was held. Surely, at such a day as this, when the The aim of the native Church is to woman's world is crashed into and the become self-governing, self-supportdividing walls are down, we need the ing and self-propagating. Disciples gospel to point out the new and better continue to pledge themselves to a way." A KOREAN VILLAGE STREET In Pyeng Yang, where Dr. Samuel Moffett is laboring, there is compara- certain number of days to be taken tively a small population, but over out of their working time, for volun- 2,000 of them are church-goers and tary preaching of the good tidings, and church-members. The Korean Chris- in one station the sum of these days tians are especially active in Christian exceeded 8,000. What wonder that work. Their interest in Christianity there was an average of 453 conver- usually begins when they receive a sions a month. There is no question tract, or buy a book, or attend a meet- that the Korean Church deserves the ing; then they go on to regular at- name of a self-extending body, and tendance, conversion and church-mem- this is the more impressive because of bership, but they do not stop with the abject poverty of the Koreans. personal faith and piety, they seek out The daily wage runs anywhere from and eventually reach their acquaint- fifteen to forty cents. To save anyances, neighbors and friends; in all thing is almost impossiLle, and betimes of the year and in all places of cause the Koreans have so little to concourse and intercourse, public and give in money, they give what is more private. Many of them accept per- valuable, they give personal work into sonal abuse and ostracism' for their which they put their whole hearts. fidelity. It is not too much to say that a Korean church-member is quite uniformly a Christian worker who will freely give his services to extend the knowledge of Christ. Pastors say that sometimes one-third of their members will be found on the streets on the afternoon of the Lord's day visiting from llOuse to house and personally working among their ttnconverted friends and neighbors. These Korean disciples commit scripture to memory, and also put it into practise. One recently-converted man recited the entire Sermon on the Mount without a verbal error; and, when commended for his memorization, he said that he found that it wouldn't stick until he practised its teachings, then

IN JAPAN AND

BY BISHOP M. C. HARRIS Two years ago the fiftieth anniver- impartial in their treatment of the mis- sary of the Protestant missions in sionaries and their converts.

Japan was held in Tokyo. This last The Effect of Union Between Japan and year the quarto-centennial of the Korea Christian missions in Korea was cele- brated in Seoul. The triumphs of At the time of the union between Christianity in Japan have been very Japan and Korea, it was feared that noteworthy. From the year r872 un- this would react unfavorably upon the til 1908 Christianity spread to all the Korean Christians, and many pre- principal cities and towns of the em- dicted that not only would the here- pire. The church-membership is over tofore rapid progress of Christianity 80,000, with a very large number of be checked, but that thousands of other adherents, totaling over 300,000. Christians themselves would be led to Some Japanese pastors believe that abandon their faith. Those who were there are more than a million of nomi- well acquainted with the Christian nal Christians in the empire. The leaders among Korea and the Church Christian movement in Japan from the were free from misgivings, but hap- beginning was almost wholly restricted pily, this political union has produced to the student class, and most of the the very opposite effect. Very few, if converts were from Samurai families. any, have given up their faith on this Thus, Christianity entered at the top, account; but, on the other hand, the and has been slowly percolating down Million Movement, which was on at until it includes a great many of the the time of the annexation, has been masses. In Korea the movement is powerfully stimulated by the union and has been a mass movement. The with Japan, and it is expected that people of all classes have been af- before the campaign ends that more fected favorably toward Christianity. than a million converts will be en- In regard to the mission movement rolled.

in both countries, great attention ha., The relations between the Japanese been given to the careful instruction Government, the missionaries, and the of the people in the principles of Christian churches in Japan are, and Christianity. Therefore, the Christians have been, very satisfactory for many have been saved from fanatical out- years past. Neither the missionaries bursts, and a very sane and orderly nor the Japanese Christians have any development has marked the progress requests to make to the Government in these communities of Christians. for larger privileges and for better In Korea, tho the converts are num- treatment. So there is among them a bered by the tens of thousands, yet universal feeling of gratitude to the they have been well instructed in the authorities. In carrying into effect the first principles, and have exhibited a union with Korea the Japanese Gov- high degree of loyalty and have, as a ernment has more than fulfilled its body, avoided complications with the pledges to protect the Christians, and authorities. In both countries the gov- give the largest liberty to the mission- ernments have been very friendly and aries. The representatives of the different missions caIled upon the Gov- one organic body. Many years must ernor-General by Count Tera Uchis, elapse before such a consummation and assured him that the Christian could be brought about. churches would be obedient to authority, and there would be no trouble. But the attitude of the Japan Gov- The Governor-General was very much ernment and the people toward Korea gratified, and in turn assured them of has undergone a very radical change. his interest in their work, and desired In place of the former attitude of their cooperation in promoting the distrust, and also of contempt for weal of the people. It is interesting Korea, the watchword now is "Treat in this connection to note that the the Koreans as our equals, and also treatment of the Korean dynasty and let us especially help them in their efthe Korean people has produced a very forts to secure a higher standard of happy effect. Seventy-six were raised living." There is good reason to beto the peerage and nobility, and lieve that under the egis of Chris- treated in all respects as Japanese tianity the churches will become one at noblemen, and also a large sum, thir- least in spirit, and the people will inteen million yen, was given to the ermarry and amalgamate, and become thirteen provinces for the establish- wholly homogeneous. ment of hospitals and schools, and other public utilities. Gratuities were All thoughtful persons will feel ingiven to the worthy old people, num- clined to sympathize with Korea in bering many thousands. so that all the loss of her independence. Never- the people were made to feel the theless, they will conclude that Korea kindly touch of the authorities at the will share so largely in the benefits beginning. A large number of the of· this union that her sense of huprinces and princesses, and newly-cre- miliation should be forgotten, and that ated nobles visited the Japanese Em- the whole people should very cheerperor and Empress, and were present fully accept the new relations, and at his Majesty's birthday on Novem- profit from them to the very highest ber 3d. They were kindly received, extent. and were highly pleased with their visit. The Korean Revival and Its Results The future relation of the Christian The revival in the churches of Kochurches in the two countries will be rea began about three years ago, not a matter of very great interest to the as a local affair, but through all the Christian world. Heretofore, they churches in the land. Its first effects have stood far apart. Fraternal greet- were seen upon the Christians themings of an informal character have selves, and for some time the movebeen extended to each other. Now ment was wholly within the Christhat they have become one people un- tian circles. The results seen upon der one constitution, one rule, the the native Church were remarkable. spirit of fraternity and of coopera- It was baptism of purity. The law tion will be rapidly advanced, tho of God, which demands a pure and it must not be expected that the two faultless life, was first revealed to churches can unite and be formed into them, and brought them to conscious- ness of sin and repentance, and to the purging away of all impurities. The effect also upon the church as an evan-

gelizing power was very great. As tation of every home in the land, and in the first Pentecost in Jerusalem, all the presentation as far as possible, to were filled with the new life of the every individual. The ingathering of spirit, and began to bear witness. All such a large number during the first gladly told the story of their salvation quarter of a century of Christianity and of the salvation of all through in Korea stands out as one of the faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The marvelous things in the life of Chrisrevival which began in the heart of tianity, but what is most interesting the Church, spread also to all parts of in connection with this movement is the country. Tens of thousands of the effect of this revival upon the people were enrolled as seekers, and churches in China and Japan. From became regular attendants at church. Korea the revival fire spread over into Scores of young men, the student Manchuria, with the result that reclass, were called to the holy ministry vivals in connection with all the Chrisand devoted their lives to God for tian churches occurred, producing the this work. The immediate effects upon very same effects in among the Christhe whole people were very manifest. tians and upon the people as seen in New joy and courage and purpose Korea, and not only this, but the for the salvation of the whole people churches in North China and Central came to the church. China were also very greatly affected. Revivals in many, if not all of the About one year ago a new move- churches, resulting in thousands of ment was launched under the name of conversions, took place. Many of the "A Million Souls for Jesus in One Christians in Japan were skeptical as Year." The missionaries and the Ko- to the genuineness of this movement, rean Christians were perfectly united believing that the conversion of so in this undertaking. And now and many Koreans to Christianity was in after this following very closely upon part a political movement. However, the political union between Japan and the leaders among the Japanese Chris- Korea, a new movement was launched, tians visited Korea and became acwith the cry, "Not only a million souls quainted with the Korean Christians for Jesus, but the whole land for and missionaries, and investigated the Jesus and how." The special workers conditions, with the result that their in this movement, numbering over 700, doubts were all removed, and they met in the city of Seoul early in Octo- were convinced that this movement ber, and launched the campaign. These was non-political and altogether a very were divided into 350 teams, consist- extraordinary phenomena. The news ing of two each, and they went from they carried back to the churches in house to house preaching the word, Japan and in pulpit and press the condistributing the Gospel, and enrolling ditions were discust, and also made seekers. The result of. a three weeks' known to the Christian churches. The campaign was the enrollment of over result in Japan has also been a quick- IO,ooo seekers, and the conversion of ening of the Christian movement several thousand. Following this, the there. and not only this, but the story campaign was to be transferred to of the Korean revival has spread all every provincial city and county seat. over the Christian world. Indeed. the campaign includes the visi-

OF BIBLE STUDY AMONG ORIENTAL

BY CLAYTON SEDGWICK COOPER, NEW YORK The Bible is rapidly acquiring a books was delayed for a brief time, position of preeminence among the with the result that every copy was college men of the East. In three na- sold before a single one was printed. tions of the Orient during the past In one meeting in the city of Seoul year national committees of Bible I saw 655 Koreans enroll themselves scholars have been formed with the in Bible classes. A training class for express purpose of preparing in the teachers was formed, with a membernative languages, Bible courses and ship of thirty-five educated men, led literature suitable for students. by Mr. Ye Sang Chai, one of the best Chinese scholars in that country. In Japan the first result of this Bible committee's work has been a In India the Bible is rapidly becourse of studies in Japanese on "The coming the most valued of all sacred Social Teachings of Jesus," prepared books. For several years Pundita Raby Professor Y. Chiba. This Bible mabai, perhaps the most learned wocourse has been arranged especially man in India, has been engaging the for use in small groups. It is the services of fifty workers, with her own first series of studies which has been printing establishment, for the transwritten with this design for Japanese lation of the Bible, and the making students. A booklet has also been is- of a commentary upon the same, for sued by another member of this com- the eighteen million Indians who speak mittee, Professor H. Yoshizaki, en- her native language, the Maratha. A titled "Bible Study in Small Groups." high-caste Brahman professor, who Still another booklet by President presided at a student meeting that King, of Oberlin, is now being trans- I addrest in the city of Lahore, North lated by Mr. N. Niwa, the title of India, speaking to an audience comwhich is "Bible Study the Great Way posed almost entirely of Hindu, Mo- Into Life's Values." hammedan and Parsee students, ex- claimed, "I have read through the In the city of Shanghai last autumn Bible carefully, not once, but many a Bible institute, held for three days, times. I consider the Sermon on the was attended by 3,000 Chinese young Mount one of the greatest pieces of men. An extensive series of Bible moral and religious literature in the institutes similar to this one is now world. I venture to say that the stubeing arranged with much care for dents of India know the Bible better next college year. These institutes than they know any sacred book of will reach the student life of prac- Hinduism." tically the entire empire of China. In view of such facts as these, it During my visit last year at the city is of the most striking significance that of Seoul, in Korea, I found that the within the next six months a natif)nal Bible was the chief book of this na- Bible secretary, giving his entire time tion. Great difficulty is experienced and attention to the supervision and in furnishing enough Bibles at twenty- promotion of Bible study, will be prestwo cents apiece, to supply the Ko- ent for leadership in this great cause reans. A few years ago one church in each of the three sections of the ordered 20,000 copie!' of the New Orient-India, China and Korea, and Testament. The publishing of these

Japan. These men, already in close generation of students in the Far East. touch with the great student Bible An old Brahman in Calcutta said to movements of North America and me, "The Bible will stir the conscience Europe, will devote their lives to a of India-the conscience which has thorough-going study of the spirit and been slumbering through thousands of method of Bible study best adapted to years-and India will awake to Christhe life and development of these ori- tianity." One Christian worker among ental nations. students in the city of Calcutta told me of scores of Hindu students who The whole matter of native Biblical had come to him, one by one, to study literature, of whicl:t these nations are with him, for an hour, the English in such peculiar need at present, will Bible, and to discuss the most vital be among the first things considered. questions of their personal lives. No mere translation of Western Bible Among these men he also pointed out study books will be adequate to meet a goodly number of the most thoughtthe demands of these Eastern peoples. ful students, who, through the influ- Literature must be prepared by men ence of these personal conversations, whose knowledge of the life of these had been led to accept discipleship nations is both inherent and trained. with the great oriental teacher.

A great progress will be noted, also, In the city of Allahabad an Oxford during the next decade in the Orient graduate related to me his experience in the training of expert Bible teach- with a Brahman student who read ers. During a six weeks' Bible cam- the Bible with him for over a year. paign last year in China and Korea, Especial attention was given to the not less than 3,000 students were en- life and teaching of Jesus. No refergaged in Bible study. This number ence was made to the personal acmight have been increased many-fold ceptance of Christ on the part of this had there been trained Bible teachers Brahman student. At the end of the ready to accept leadership in the year, however, the teacher said one classes. The group plan of study is day to his Hindu scholar, "What do especially consistent with the Oriental you think of Jesus Christ?" The anlove of discussion and argument; but swer came slowly, but with peculiar this system in the East, as well as in certainty, "I think that Jesus Christ the West, is truly dependent upon ef- was the greatest man who ever lived. ficient agencies for the training of I think-yes, I know-He is my Sateachers. Letters from the Orient vior." confirm the fact that the leaders of the Bible work among the tens of A competent intellectual and spirithousands of students of these nations tual interpretation of the Bible, as a are keenly alive to this particular need. result of this movement, will greatly This is evinced in the formation of further the cause of evangelism among normal training classes in the great thinking men in the East. A very student centers, and in the general representative scholar and teacher of preparation for training conferences. the city of Tientsin recently accepted Christianity. It is noteworthy that he It is, however, as an evangelizing has been retained as the head of a agency that the Bible promises to be government school, subsequent to his an outstanding influence in the next

STUDY AMONG ORIENTAL STUDENTS

conversion. He exprest to me his am- as yet, brought openly to accept Chrisbition to become so proficient in the tianity, the spirit of student relationknowledge of the principles of Chris- ships has often been entirely transtianity, through the study of the Bible, formed. In the main hall of the Asthat he might be able to translate into sociation Building at Calcutta, one the Chinese language the central may read the significant words, meaning of the Christian religion. "Bought by the power of prayer."

One is profoundly imprest, also, in A Chinese student in one of the Korea by going into churches that colleges of South China was marked are literally packed to the doors, many off from other leaders by the audacity containing over a thousand men and of his attempts to make the Bible real women listening to the clear exposi- among his fellow students. I asked tion of the Bible. The vivid appre- him how he came to be so much hension of the deep princiiJles of this more interested than the other stubook has been the predominant influ- dents. He answered, "I have studied ence in bringing Korea, as a nation, for a year the spirit and method of nearer to an entire Christian evan- Jesus Christ." I was told that he gelization than any nation on the face kept with great seriousness a half of the earth. hour each day for the study of the life of Christ. The impression of this It does not take unusual prophetic student's life was extraordinary. powers to realize also the wonderful use of the Bible in the East as a means After all, the great question of the for developing spiritual reality and East, as well as of the West, is the power in personal living. I was deep- question of character. Whether it is ly stirred to find, in th~ city of Naga- the confused political questions of Insaki, fifty students in one of the col- dia, the intricate commercial relationleges, arising at six o'clock each morn- ships of China, the proper industrial ing and spending an hour, singly and development of Korea, or the striking together, in prayer and Bible study. military and social evolution of Japan It was not surprizing to find an un- -all these are subjects which are diusual depth of serious motive and rectly affected by the influence of the ideal among the men of this institu- teachings of the Bible upon conduct. tion. These students had discovered As one of our own great political not simply the knowledge, but the leaders said not long ago, "The quespower of the Bible. tions that decide the success of men in the present age are, Will the in- It is not unusual to see Christian dividual lie? Will he steal? Is he Indians studying their Bibles on the pure in heart ?" We are utterly contrains, and often in the hostels, where vinced that no man can habitually Bible classes are being rapidly formed. follow the custom of daily Bible study One Christian worker explained to in serious meditation and communion me how the entire atmosphere of one with God, without achieving in his of his student hostels had been own life the preeminent qualities changed through the influence of a which made the life of Jesus im- Bible group, which met each week mortal. in one of the student's rooms. While comparatively few students had been, The East needs, supremely, at this

time the embodiment in the lives of ness. I said to him, "What is the men of the chief message of the Bible great influence for the making of -the love of God. I shall not soon Christianity a fact among the educated forget the meeting with a great pio- men of India?" His answer came inneer missionary leader in India. For stantly, "Men whose hearts are filled thirty-five years he has poured out with the love of God." I saw this his life for that people; and altho he great man address an audience of Inhad been obliged often to beat his dians. I saw him at the close, as he way against great odds, through all took them by the hand and looked the years he has kept his spirit of into their eyes. I was convinced that "sweetness and light," being known he had found the supreme secret for far and wide for his great loving-kind- the evangelization of the world.

SEEING THE WORLD IN BOSTON BY FRANK W. HAROLD, BOSTON, MASS.

Two. years have passed since the by verbal pictures entered in through idea of a great missionary exposition the eyegate, and took possession of was suggested at a meeting of the "man soul." Thousands of young Young People's Missionary Union of people were educated in addition to Boston. The success of "The Orient the casual visitors, and they have in- in London" and "Africa and the spired many to practical, sympathetic East," the great missionary exposi- and prayerful effort, in behalf of tions held in Great Britain in 1908 world-wide work. Some few offered and 1909, was so marked, and the themselves for foreign service, as a Americans who visited these exposi- result of the exposition, and after tions urged so strongly that the idea .one of them, eighteen young people be transplanted to the United States, came forward as candidates fol' the that plans have been made and car- foreign field.

ried forward until success is assured. An exposition offers a great oppor- The committee of Boston men se- tunity for Christian service, and in cured the services of Rev. A. M. Gard- many instances has proved the start- ner, who organized "The Orient in ing-point for young people who London" and other successful mission- hitherto had withheld themselves from ary expositions in England, and his such opportunities for becoming in- experience, his initiative and energy terested in missions.

make him a valuable man as general The Exposition, which will be open secretary. in the Mechanics' Building from April The English expositions illuminated 24th to May 20th, will show the na- the mission fields to the Christian tive life in non-Christian lands, in public. Knowledge of the missionary order to impress the contrast with and his work which has failed to grip life in the countries where Christ is the attention and impress the mind known and honored. It will dereon-

THE WORLD IN BOSTON

A GENERAL VIEW OF THE LONDON EXPOSITJON strate the work of missions, and show and populate the variOlls scenes will the results of Christian work, the in- drive home the facts. fluence of Christianity upon the people and the customs of the lands which The demonstrations are to be made have not accepted the gospel. in various ways, showing actual scenes from many countries. An attractive Generally the missionary appeal has Japanese street scene will be as true been made through the ear, but thou- to life as it is possible to make it. sands of people in the churches know There will be a Japanese garden, a little about the great fields or the tre- Buddhist temple, a tea-house, with all mendous enterprise of missions, and their beautiful scenic accessories. A this ignorance has begotten indiffer- tall pagoda will dominate the Chinese ence. Outside of the churches there village, and among the other struca,re tens of thousands who are not tures will be a temple, a cobbler's shop, only absolutely indifferent, but feel no an apothecary's shop, a Chinese house, obligation and no responsibility what- a Christian chapel, aml scenes showever, with reference to the Great Com- ing the missionaries at work in school mission. It is hoped that "The vVorld and hospital. The India section will in Boston," with its picturesque pre- include the Temples of Silence, a waysentation of things, which will be at- side shrine, a Kali temple, an India tractive to the eye, will draw large bazaar, and most interesting of all, numbers of all classes of people. When perhaps, a zenana, showing the wothese have been attracted through cu- men's apartments in the home of an riosity, the thousands of stewards Indian gentleman. Another foreign who will have charge of the exhibits scene will be an African village with a

real Kongo hut, various native indus- churched areas of the Far West tries, the idol's house, and a mission- will be vividly portrayed by the fronary's home. tier scene, which is to include a log cabin, a sod house, a colportage Mohammedan lands will be repre- wagon, and a little chapel. A secsented, and there will be a Palestine tion of the immigrant station at Ellis exhibit. Considerable space will be Island will show the effort being made devoted to medical missions, showing toward turning the never-ending the contrast between methods em- stream of immigrants not only into ployed by the native doctors and mis- good American citizens, but Godsionaries. The work among lepers and A JAPANESE SCJlNE AT THJt EXPOSITION IN LONDON that of industrial missions will also fearing men and women. Porto Rico be illustrated. and Hawaii, as well as many other countries, will also have their place Several large sections of the exposi- in the Exposition. tion are to be devoted to scenes depicting the evangelizing effort made On the second floor of the great along home mission lines. In the sec- building there will be a comprehention illustrating work among Amer- sive exhibit of educational missions. ican Indians, there will be a genuine Side by side visitors may see the natepee, with scenes on the plains, and tive schools of China and India, with an Indian chapel. A slave-ship and the mission schools and the methods its horrors will be contrasted with of the modern educational institutions educational and industrial work which have grown up in these lands. among the negroes of the South to Especially interesting in this section show the development of the negro will be the educational work among race. The great unsettled and un- the children of all non-Christian lands.

AFRICAN VILLAGE SCENE AT TEE

AMERICAN INDIAN LIFE AT THE EXPOSITION

There will also be tableaux of every- a spectacular presentation of great his- day scenes in the home life of all torical events in the history of mis- peoples, and moving pictures taken on sions. It includes five dramatic epi- the field of the busy life in great sodes, representing the north, south, centers of population and work of east, and west, with a final procession- missions in all parts of the world. al from all quarters of the globe. More The great feature of "The World than a thousand participants, most in Boston," which will make it differ- of them wearing costumes, will be ent probably from any other exposi- tion ever held in America, is the army of IO,OOO stewards, who will make true to life every scene. To prepare themselves for this duty, these stew- ards are studying the history and the work of missions in the particular country to which they are assigned.

There will be a class in nearly every one of the more than three hundred churches of Boston and vicinity, from which stewards have been enrolled.

When the exposition opens, these men A MISSIONARY WINNING AN AFRICAN BOY and women, young and old, will wear the native costumes of the people they included in the various scenes. It is impersonate. During the four weeks intended that by this means the moral of the exposition, they will impart to of the exposition will be driven home visitors the information which they and the meaning of the various scenes have acquired, take part in dialogs made plain to every comprehension.

and demonstrations, and in other ways Other cities will doubtless desire to endeavor to impress the crowds who have similar expositions, so that the are expected to attend, with the im- Missionary Exposition Company has portance, the necessity, and the bless- been organized in New York by a ing of world-wide missions. It seems number of Christian men. This com- as if the exposition would be worth pany is constructing much of the per- while, if its only result shall be the manent material for "The World in influence which the study and active Roston," and after the Boston Expo- participation will have upon the stew- sition will rent it to committees in other ards. It is not possible that they will cItIes. This company will also aid, ever again lack in interest for the through its permanent staff, in the or- work of the kingdom. ganization and management of exposi- One great feature of "The W orId tions in any part of the United States in Boston" will be "The Pageant of or Canada. Should any profit be de- Darkness and Light," to be presented rived from the rental of material, af- in the grand hall of the exposition ter the payment of the company's cer- building, every afternoon and evening tificates of indebtedness, the money during the four weeks of the exposi- will go into the treasury of the Young tion. This is really a musical drama, People's Missionary Movement.

FRENCH COLONIES AND FRENCH

BY REV. A. BOEGNER, D.D., PARIS, FRANCE French Protestantism has been Of course, the growth of the work tried to death by three centurie, of was slow. The first aim of the society persecution. Everyone knows about was only to help other societies, es- the massacre on St. Bartholumew's pecially the Basle Mission, which has night, about the Revocation of the been-after the Moravians-Iike the Edict of Nantes, and about the Dra- mother society of all the missions of gonades, but what is less known is continental Europe. But the Paris that, during the whole of the eight- Society was, after a time, able to eenth century, up to the eve of the start a work of its own, under the great revolution, the persecutions brotherly leading of the London Mis- were going on. As late as 1767 a sionary Society, among the tribes of Protestant minister was executed, and South Africa. There it was allowed from 1678 to r802 no Protestant ver- to begin and to work out its mission, sion of the Bible nor any Protestant which stands now before the whole literature, was printed in France. Dur- Church of Christ as a token of that ing the whole century, until I787, no strength of God which is made per- legal existence was granted to French fect in the weakness of man. All Protestantism. It existed only as the those who have been able to witness Church of the Desert, its gatherings it agree that our Basutoland Mission for worship could take place only by is a standard mission in the whole of night, in wood or in cave, and when South Africa.

its followers were surprized by the Two years ago the delegates of king's soldiers, they were fired upon, France, of French Switzerland, of the killed or captured; the men were sent Valdensian valleys of Italy, of all the to the galleys for life; and the wo- churches and missions working in men to prison-one of them, Marie South Africa, were attending the ju- Durand, spent thirty-six years in the bilee of our Basutoland Missions.

Tower of Constance, at Aigue Mortes. Seventy-five years earlier the first Such being the situation of French missionaries, three young Frenchmen Protestants up to the very verge of –Casalis, Arbousset, Gosselin-had the nineteenth century, it was scarce- made their first appearance in the ly to be expected that this poor rem- country. It was desolated by war; the nant of the great tribulation could population reduced to a small number; care for much else than its own ex- cannibalism, born out of famine and istence and preservation. N everthe- misery, practised; a dying nation un- less, a few years after the end of the der a wise chief. Now the tribe num- ~ apoleonic tragedy we see them, un- bers 450,000 souls; it stilI occupies its der the fertilizing spirit of the great own country as a native reserve, un- Revival, awakening to the thought of der the British protectorate; a Church missions. and as early as 1822 the of Christ has been established, num- Paris Missionary Society was estab- bering now 17,000 catechumens, with lished, as it is still carried on by the a native pastorate, a native work of joint forces of all the living Protes- evangelization, and a native share in tant Christians in France without re- our Upper Zambesi Mission, with a spect to denomination. splendid and complete system of

schools. These were the facts which Loyalty Islands; there is still an Amerwere given to our delegate to witness ican Mission in the Gaboon district and report to us. In one word, a of West Africa; there are English Church, strong by God's grace, grow- missionaries in French North Africa, ing up to self-support and self-gov- and to maintain, as much as possible, ernment, amid a nation saved from this policy of the open door for the destruction and kept alive and sound GOf:>pel, has been the effort and the by the Gospel: such are the proofs glory of the Paris Missionary Society. God has given to the Protestant But everyone who is acquainted with Church of France, of its capacity to the facts knows that, notwithstanding bring forth for Christ. our good will, the chief responsibility for giving the Gospel to the heathen This is only the first of a series. and Mohammedans in the French col- Twenty-five years ago, one of its mis- onies rests on the French Protestants. sionaries, Fran<;ois Coillard, started for the interior and settled in the very What have we done in order to fulplace where Livingstone secured men fil this responsibility? The foundato carry out his first great journey tion of the Senegal Mission, fifty across Africa, and where, years after, years ago; the taking over, at the missionaries of the London Mission- same time, of Tahiti and the Society ary Society had been hindered in their Islands; more recently, the taking efforts to open work by poison and over, from the London Missionary Sodeath. And out of the labors of Coil- ciety, of one of the Loyalty Islands, lard, a new mission was born-the and the starting of the Mission in New well-known Baroke or Upper Zambesi Caledonia; the taking over, from Mission, which we hope, altho still American Presbyterians, of their stahindered by many difficulties, will be- tions of the Ogowe River, in the come, by and by, a second Basuto- French Kongo, and the creation of land. new stations there; and, last, but not least, the entering into the field of But I am anxious to draw your spe- Madagascar, not to weaken or drive cial attention to those missions which out, but to supplement the English and by the providence of God, through Norwegian Missions-at what cost of historical events, was committed to labor, of suffering, of money and of our care in the vast area of the French life, many of you know-this is the Colonial Empire. work we have done and for which we have trebled in ten years our staff ex- Of course that empire can not be pense. In fact, if you ask for figures, compared with the British dominion, it may be said that the average conbut still it is second only to it. It tribution of each of the 600,000 souls, extends over nearly a quarter of Af- which is supposed to be the total numrica, over Madagascar, the half of In- ber of French Protestants in France, do-China, and important groups of is one franc (twenty American cents) islands in the South Seas. Now for a year for foreign missions. But if this large empire the French Protes- we reckon not by souls but by churchtants are made responsible by circum- members (altho that method of stances directly. God be thanked, calculating is not familiar to us), if there are still English and Norwegian missionaries in Madagascar and in the

19II ] THE FRENCH COLONIES AND FRENCH MISSIONS

we reckon one church-member to five Colonial Empire is to receive the messouls, it may be said that each church- sage of God's love in Christ. More member contributes five francs or one than that: the work which we are cardollar, and if we reckon one church rying on now exceeds our strength, and member to ten Protestant souls, two we are sorely laboring under the indollars. sufficiency of our means and power.

These are the facts. What do the'! Consider, on one hand, the work show? First of all, they show the that ought to be done. It concerns a faithfulness of our God, who has tremendous portion of the world field, marvelously helped us in all our dif- perhaps forty to fifty millions of heaficulties. When we took up Madag:ts- then and Mohammedans. Look at the car, we had deficit in our finance's, and Report of Commission Number I, of not one man ready to go. And the very the World Missionary Conference; first year after the inquiry, we were meditate upon the chapter on Unoccuenabled to send out not less than fifty pied Fields, look at the Atlas pubpeople, including the women and chil- lished by the Conference, and consider dren. And the money was found not the portion of the world for which, only for Madagascar, but also for the belonging to our French colonial em- Zambesi Mission and the Kongo Mis- pire, we are nominally responsible, sion, which had been increased by and where, practically, nothing is done obedience to God's call, and for all -not one evangelical mISSIOnary our work-so that during five years in the interior of Senegal and in the of constant progress, we had no deficit whole French Sudan. Not one evanat all. And as God has helped for gelical missionary in the interior of the men and for the means, so he gave the French Kongo from the upper the blessing, to such an extent that Ogowe River up to the Lake Chao. Dr. Julius Richter could write, "The Portions of Madagascar left without Paris Missionary Society has been in the light of the Gospel. The whole of the hands of God, the means for sav- French Indo-China, save one single ing the whole Protestant Church in and small exception, left without Madagascar." Protestant missionaries. In the mis- sions already going on, or even in If those facts show the faithfulness progress, how great is insufficiency of and the power of God, do they not men and means! also show how and to what extent we ~ave accepted the task which God has On the other hand, consider what entrusted to us in the Colonial Em- the French Protestant Church is, pire of France? the Church to which such tremen- dous responsibility has been en- What Ought to be Done trusted. The question arises: Have we done what we could? Ah! French But the distressing fact is that in Protestants! well may the question respite of the work that has been and echo in the depths of our conscience, is being done by our instrumentality, while we seek before God the reply and notwithstanding all our effort, which truth obliges us to give' the work which has been undertaken is insignificant compared to what But while dealing honestly with ought to be done if ever the French ourselves, we may justly tum to our

friends, and ask them in turn: Do ertheless, to go out to fight and to you know what French Protestantism conquer? If you realize all this, you is, upon which circumstances have will be astonished that enough warmth imposed such a crushing charge? remains to sustain, not only its own Compare our Church, not with large life, but also its home evangelization churches of England and America, and its far-off missions, and you will but only with the churches of the admit that a large portion of this Continent. The Scandinavian nation work exceeds its strength and means. is Protestant; Holland is Protestant; Germany, in its largest and strongest The Need fot' Help portion, is a Protestant nation. The task resting upon it, at least in its col-: This being the situation, who can onies, is in proportion to its power. wonder if, in spite of all the. cour- But for France this proportion does age God has granted us, we have been not exist. We are utterly insufficient led to look for help? But from for our work, God knows it, but you whence can help come? We have must know it also. In France, Protes- gone on trying patiently to keep our tant Christians are a small minority, footing, and laboring, year after year, scarcely one to sixty; not more than especially since the separation of 600,000 souls; not quite I ,000,000, if Church and State, under financial difwe include the French-speaking Pro- ficulties, and obliged finally to come testants of Alsace, of Switzerland, of to reduction. At last came the day Italy, and of the Netherlands. of the Edinburgh Conference, and gladly we witnessed the attitude and Do you know what it means for heard the call of that assembly. Here one-sixth of the whole French popu- at last was hope for help. Am I not lation to counteract the effort of the right when I say that the very charother fifty-nine sixtieths? Of these acteristic of the Edinburgh Confer- 600,000 Protestants, only a small pro- ence is that it has had in view, and portion bears its part in the burden has borne in mind and heart, first of of the great work. This minority of ali, the unoccupied fields of the world, a minority struggles in isolation with and that it has laid the responsibility scattered forces, against the pressure for the unoccupied fields on the of surroundings which are either Ro- Church of Christ as a whole? man CatholIc or indifferent, if not free-thinking and atheistical, in many This spirit consists in the view cases hostile. More than that, these taken of the work as a whole; the same hostile forces are in the mission- whole of the Church is responsible ary fields, and after former times, for the whole of the work; the stronga French Minister of State said: er must help the weaker, "that there "France abroad means Catholicism," may be equality," and that the battle and recently a French Colonial Gov- may end in victory. ernor has said: "France abroad means atheism." Finally, do you know what There are in Europe both British it feels like for a Church, itself of- and Continental, men of God who, in ten half-frozen, to consume its own addition to their devotedness to their heat in keeping itself alive. and. nev- special share of the work have had on their hearts the full burden of the non-Christian world and of the work

FRENCH COLONIES AND FRENCH MISSIONS

to be done in order that it might be My earnest hope is that a time will won for Christ. Such were men like come when American Christians will Robert Arthington in England, Pas- be able, not only to stick to the portor George Appia in France, and in tion of the field already occupied by Germany, Professor Gustav Warneck, you, but also to enter into some other besides many others. Still it has been unoccupied part of our Colonial posthe special feature of American Chris- sessions, and to help us in that way tianity in the last years, that it has to discharge a portion of the responfaced the problem of missions in its sibility which, until now, has rested fulness. By God's grace there are on us alone. For the present, and men in America who live with the perhaps for some years, the principal map of the world under their eyes; part of the work and responsibility in men who embrace the whole man- the French dominion will remai-n on kind and the whole undertaking of our shoulders, but you may help us, its evangelization in their horizon, and wherever God in His grace and in their constant care. There are also mercy will have opened your hearts groups of men inspired by the same to this appeal. Weare few and feeble; thought; works come of the same we want something of your strength. spirit, in this land of the Student We are poor; we want something of Volunteer Movement, of the Young your riches, that there may be equal- People's Missionary Movement, of the ity. May God Himself enable you to Laymen's Missionary Movement. help us, first of all spiritually; and,· if it is possible, practically. He is This broadness of thought and able to make all grace abound toward heart is a gift of God, and that gift you, "that ye, always having all sufmakes men responsible, as well as ficiency, may abound in every good any other gift which the Lord may work and be the means of abundant bestow. No particular work, no de- thanksgiving to Him." nominational undertaking can satisfy Christian ambition and love: you must A Final Word open your hearts to every part of the world, and to every portion of the There is one thing which strikes work, and, where local forces are me, and I write it plainly: to help our wanting, where some important por- French Missions will be to help our tion of the missionary undertaking is French Churches; and to help our checked and stopt by the lack of Churches will be to help France; and means, where some small troops are to help France, to keep France alive, holding the fort in spite of danger and to regain for the service of Christ suffering, you must come, you must that nation, with all its marvelous be the helping army appearing on the gifts for human sympathy, for clear hill. thought, for bright and active expres- sion, for generous and chivalric ex- How can you help? First of all, pansion of truth, is that not also a in keeping in your hand all the por- missionary work, a portion of the protions of the field which you already gram of every missionary heart?* occupy; to withdraw from a country, because it is French, without absolute -)/. Communications may be addrest to A. Boegnecessity, would be to give up duty. nero D.D.• 124 East 28th Street. New York.

A GERMAN MISSIONARY

THE LATE PROFESSOR GUS TAV WARNECK, OF HALLE BY REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., On December 26th one of the ac- terly disgusted with his uncongenial knowledged leaders of the missionary work, obtained his parents' consent to movement, Professor Gustav vVar- go to the near city of Halle in an ef- neck, died at Halle, Germany, at the fort to find a way to enter the higher ripe age of nearly seventy- six years. educational institutions there. His In his illustrious and laborious life, the father could not give him the least two keynotes are just those that appeal financial support, and at that time most strongly to the modern man: he self-help was almost unheard of in German schools. With only 75 cents in his pocket he entered the famous grammar school in August Herman Francke's institution, and in a few years, by working almost beyond his physical and mental powers, he passed through the upper classes and entered the university as a student of theol- ogy.

In the fresh and invigorating air of this alma mater his noble spirit developed wonderfully. His poverty compelled him to earn his livelihood by tutoring, but hard work and late hours caused his health to break down.

Aserious lung trouble and hemorrhages brought him to the brink of death and left little hope for future usefulness.

PROF. GUSTAV WARNECK In spite of this weakness he finished his university course, passed the final was a "self-made man," and he was a examinations and entered the ministry man of one purpose. in a village not far from Halle. Again Gustav Warneck was the oldest son he was laid low by a recurrence of an of a poor mechanic at Naumburg, a almost fatal illness, and altho he small town on the Saale. He passed recovered slowly he retained throughhis infancy in the narrow surround- out his life a frail constitution, so ings of a family without a wide out- that only his unconquerable energy look on the world life and with scanty forced his weak body to new exertions. opportunities for education. When In these early years of his ministry still a young boy he entered the work- Gustav Warneck caught the wonderful shop of his father to assist by counting vision of world-wide missions which and assorting heaps of needles so as inspired him throughout his later life.

to help eke out from a small shop a Warneck never visited in person living for the rapidly growing family. any of the foreign mission fields, ex- At the age of fourteen, after the failure cepting in his mind and by means of of an effort to become apprenticed in his deep sympathy with missions.

a commercial shop, the boy, being ut- He had been fortunate enough to enjoy the blessing of Tholuck's instruc- curious invention or heroic deed, but tion as well as his intimate friendship by the incessant concentration of all while studying theology, and he seem3 his energy on the study of missions, to have imbibed something of the pro- by publishing books and papers, by found devotion as well as the scholas- founding a first-class monthly; in tic method of that eminent divine who short, by becoming ultimately the centook this earnest and gifted son of ter of missionary interests not only of an artizan needle-worker as his com- Germany, but of almost the whole conpanion on his walks. When he be- tinent of Europe. came assistant preacher at Roitzech, a small village in Saxony, he found His Literary Work for Mi••ions in the neighboring hamlet of Pouch a young man serving the Church in In r874 Gustav Warneck, then the same capacity. This was that about forty years of age, started the Grundemann who was afterward to Allegemeine Missions Zeitschrift, become his collaborator in the office which was to become the center of of the Allegemeine Missions Zeit- his work during the second four decschrift. Grundemann, like Varneck, ades of his life. The missionary litwas deeply interested in foreign mis- erature of his day sorely disappointed sionary work, and was laboring to him as utterly inadequate to the greatarouse in other people something like ness and gravity of the theme and rehis own zeal in promoting the spread sponsibility. He had the strong imof the Gospel. These two men each pression that the devotional element, fed the fire of enthusiasm in the other. the pious phrases, the "language of Grundemann was making a thorough Canaan," were rampant in the books of geographical study of the mission field the day so as to make most of them and its statistics, and a plan was undigestible for a greater public. He drawn up by the two preachers for found that the periodical literature a systematic prosecution of missionary of the missionary societies was- dework abroad. But the eye of the plorably lacking in loftiness and far- Church was upon Warneck. sightedness, the pages being crowded with endless details and tedious an- For a few years he accepted the in- ecdotes of every-day life. He felt it vitation to become a secretary of the to be his duty to put up a higher Rhenish Missionary Society, but he standard of missionary literature and was not strong enough for the, inces- to educate his contemporaries up to sant traveling and lecturing connected that standard. The starting of such a with that office. He therefore re- periodical by an unknown young man signed under strict medical orders, for was a bold enterprise. Two friends, the apparently short remainder of his Professor T. Christlieb of the Univerlife, to the small village of Rothen- sity of Bonn, and Pastor Dr. R. schirmbach, near Eisleben, the birth- Grundemann, the author of the first place of Dr. Martin Luther. It seems scientific missionary Atlas, helped Mr. almost incredible that a minister in Warneck through the first years. But a remote small village should become soon the authority of the monthly was in the course of twenty-two years a firmly established. man of world wide-fame, not by any From the first the standard of the Allegemeine Missions Zeitschift was

so high that a whole series of articles worthy forerunner of Harnack's misof the first year's issue fetched the sionary work and the spread of Chrissame price as those of the last year. tianity in the first three centuries." From the very beginning he aimed at scientific accuracy, with articles by ex- In the year 1879 Warneck printed a perts and at the same time adapted to second essay, "The Opposition Bethe needs of people at home; a chal- tween Modern Missions and Civilizalenge to critics of missions and a tion," in which he points out how, in source of world-wide information: the work of modern missions, Chris- Such a many-sided program it seemed tianity still manifests itself as a great almost beyond the powers of one man power, amid the powers of the world. to carry out in a small journal and He shows civilization as both a proyet Warneck proved equal to the task. moter and a hinderer to the spread of Christianity. It is a pity that these The feature of the work that War- excellent works have never been reneck chose as his especially was mis- vised and brought down to date by sionary teaching. He investigated Warneck.* Altho Warneck had fully the basis and laws of life needed for advertised these three volumes by first an evangelical mission and traced its printing them in the A. M. Z., he had activity from inner conviction to out- felt a peculiar distress that as an ward conduct. He upheld the in- editor he must refrain from announdissoluble connection between mis- cing in a fitting manner this his standsionary work and the salvation ard book, which he regarded as the wrought of God in Jesus Christ as crowning effort of his lifelong labor. the life spring of missionary work. He His attempt to set forth an impartial recognized it as his duty to maintain estimate of it by the pen of a collabothat the foundation principles of the rator was a disappointing failure. Bible were living forces in missionary methods. In all his missionary prin- The significance of the volume, on ciples he kept in view the supremacy "Evangelical Mission and Slavery" of the Bible. Besides a series of stri- (published in 1896), which Prof. Warking articles Warneck soon began to neck regarded as the crowning effort publish monographs. In the year 1876 of his life, lies in the fact that it sets there appeared "The Apostolic and forth the oneness of evangelical misthe Modern Mission," an enlarged ver- sionary effort, and shows that it is sion of a Conference address. In con- solidly based on Bible doctrine. Prof. demning the prevalent neglect of Warneck sought to avoid giving unmodern missionary work Mr. Warneck due prominence to any features of mismakes a comparison between present- sionary work; he labored rather to day work and the apostolic missions make every column spring from the and reaches the following conclusion: foundation of the whole literature on Our impatience to attain, in from four its subject so as to form a complete to eight decades, a success in mis- and symmetrical structure. sionary labors which in the apostolic times was the fruit of centuries of toil For thirty-seven years Prof. Waris unreasonable both psychologically neck pursued his laborious and selfand historically. "This essay was a * This subject has been dealt with in three large noteworthy volumes by Dr. James s. De!lnis, with a vast amount of rich material, but without Prof. Warneck's scientific accuracy.-J. R.

J A GERMAN MISSIONARY

denying work of tracing the mission- to find that his son, in accordance with ary movement in all the kaleidoscopic his estimate of the importance of this vicissitudes of its history. In fact, duty, became the pioneer in this dethis toilsome task, which demanded the partment and by his book "The Living regular perusal of from fifty to sixty Christ and Dying Heathenism" pracmissionary journals and many annual tically reenforced the effect of his reports, claimed his whole attention. father's labor. He was always on the lookout for new devices by which this dry matter might Warneck has been called the be made more acceptable to his readers, founder of the science of evangelical and he was never quite satisfied with mISSIOns. The particular fact on his his presentation of facts. The ripe claim to this title is based is not the fruit of this regular and comprehen- large number and soundness of his sive study of the whole field of Protes- writings but rather on his preeminence tant Missionary work appeared in as a powerful writer on the managehis "Outline of a History of Protes- ment of missions, and upon his advotant Missions from the Reformation to cacy of the main thing in missionary the Present Time." This work shows work, the instruction of converts. This the absolute impartiality and soberness subject he treated in an epoch-making, of his judgment and his perfect mas- authoritative and permanently conclutery of materials. The ninth and last sive work. edition (published in 1910) contained 530 pages and is a historical work of Let no man think that the author of exemplary completeness. It is notable so much missionary literature was a for the condensation of its style and perfunctory pastor. On the contrary, for its trustworthiness. Of all his he devotedly ministered to the souls works it is the most valuable gift he entrusted to his charge to the best has made to the evangelical world. In of his power. He was a pious and England and America it has appeared earnest preacher. A vast number of translated into English by a specialist, people have listened to his village his friend Dr. George Robson, and in sermons and in his preparation of his spite of some severe judgments passed own and other children for confirmaon the management of certain mis- tion his teachings have proved an sions, it is accepted as authoritative. abiding blessing. By his confirmation reading classes for young people, by During the last ten years of his life his Bible classes, by the founding of a Warneck directed his attention to the public library and other institutions, question of the intelligent study of Warneck always strove to draw close non-Christian religions, or missionary to him the members of his congregaapologetics. He saw that this little tion. Especially valued were his utilized domain claimed attention and regular missionary meetings. In spite while he only occasionally entered him- of all Warneck's zealous labors he self upon the study of this problem, was frequently dejected over the he urged impressively upon the notice thought that he had made so little of.his younger collaborators their duty spiritual impression on the hearts of to apply themselves to it. his pastoral children. But amid all his sorrow he learned that his peace lay It was an especial pleasure to him in the hands of God. He reminded

himself that, after all, not a little of of missionary work. There are many the good seed which he had scattered who, in the lecture hall or the seminar, sprang up and bore fruit. His con- became inspired with enthusiasm for gregation cherish a grateful affection missions as a result of his words and for him. In the tranquillity of the re- spirit, and not a few through his inmote little village the memory of War- fluence were led to engage in missionneck still brings a blessing upon his ary work. Whoever listened to him family. saw that he had the gift of imparting not only knowledge but life. Warneck spent all his powers to awaken love and intelligent study of Even after he had resigned his ofmissionary work in his native land. fice of teacher, he would not rest. He He organized a body of traveling mis- still edited the Allegemeine Missions sionary preachers and himself took Zeitschrift (The Universal Missions part in their labors, during his earlier Journal) , whose freshest and most years. In the year 1879 he made a powerful articles he wrote himself up great hit by instituting the Conference to the last. To such labor was added of missionary experts at Halle. In the conduct of a correspondence ex- 1883 the University of Halle conferred tending over the whole globe, while the on him the honorary degree of D.D. elaboration of a pointed and careful On several occasions he ably repre- lecture on missions occupied this never sented the cause of missions in the wearied man up to a few days before Provincial Synod and the General his death. It was his frequent prayer Synod. His spiritual and energetic that God would take him away, withremarks are largely responsible for out his being laid aside, but while he the fact that the leading classes of the was in the midst of his work. This Church at home are learning more and prayer was granted for tho a more to pay to missions the attention serious and painful illness attacked that a really living Church ought to him in the beginning of December, cultivate. while still on his bed of suffering he corrected the proof of the January For several years Dr. Warneck number of the magazine and with deep took part in the proceedings of the emotion cried: "This is our thirty- Bremer Continental Missions Confer- eighth year 1" In fancy he saw the ence and more and more evidently be- missionary work advancing; now it came its leader and its center. For a was Madagascar of which he spoke long time he stood at the head of the and again it was Japan. His sickness German Mission Committee and he did not last long and after some days earnestly applied himself to the found- of pain, in the evening after Christmas ing of the Evangelical Alliance. day, gently and in complete peace he passed away to the strains of the In the year 1896, Prof. Warneck Christmas canticle: was made professor emeritus in Halle, but at the earnest request of the faculty "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant he accepted an honorary professor- depart in peace, for mine eyes have ship and for twelve years, by his seen thy salvation according to ~hy matured knowledge and ripe judg- word, which thou hast prepared bement, he instilled into the hearts of fore the eyes of all people." the students his love and knowledge

OPPORTUNITIES IN MEXICO*

BY REV. L. E. TROYER, PUEBLA, MEXICO American Baptist Missionary of the Home Mission Society.

A more picturesque spot could the tunic of John the Evangelist. scarcely have been chosen for the Now, just what are these splendid founding of "Puebla de los Angeles," the "City of the Angels," so called buildings whose magnificent domes because of the tradition that an angel glitter in all parts of the city? In appeared to the founder and led him reality, they are little less than heathen to this particular spot. What a view temples that have been built for the to inspire even an angel! Mts. Popo- purpose of housing images of gold or catepetl and Ixtaccihuatl on the west, brass or wood or stone, and before Mt. Malinchi on the north, Mt. Ori- which, kneeling on the bare floor, may zaba in the distance on the east, and a be seen at almost any hour of the day, low range of mountains on the south, throngs of devotees in the act of worwith undulating plains and plateaus ship. You ask, "What is this image lying in between, a place where, veri- before which these people are kneelly, "every prospect pleases and only ing, and what are they worshiping?" man is vile." This is the image of their patron saint, and they are worshiping it. At Puebla we find ourselves in a Catholicism in Mexico, in its incepcompact city of 100,000 people, one- tion, was little more than the old tenth the entire population of the pagan Aztec idol-worship, taken over island of Porto Rico, and practically with the names of the heathen gods every inhabitant an object of mission- changed to those of Catholic samts. ary endeavor, for they are "without Image-worship exists all over Mexico Christ, having no hope, and without on the part of the faithful adherents God in the world." I have heard to the Catholic faith. Here is an Philadelphia referred to as "the min- altar before which a robed priest isters' paradise." I suppose it is be- stands mumbling "la misa," and bowcause there are so many churches and ing, and tinkling his little bell. Why so many ministers there. For a simi- is he mumbling this jargon that no one lar reason Puebla is called the Catho- understands, and that you call "la lic paradise of Mexico. There are misa" ? A few days ago a man, after scores of Catholic churches-one committing a long list of crimes excomes upon them at almost every turn of the street. There is scarcely a tending over many years, took the life corner anywhere in the city, but that of a fellow man, and finally ended it a Catholic church is accessible within all by taking his own life. The poor at least three blocks, and sometimes wretch happened to have wealthy relatwo may be found in that distance, tives, having paid all the required fees and in certain localities it is possible up to the time of his death, has been to find three; and with few excep- taught that his soul is now writhing in tions they are large, magnificent build- "purgatorio" in agony, from which, in ings. some mysterious way, it can be extri- cated only by the saying of "la misa" Start from our own residence, and a sufficient number of times by this in twelve blocks we lliay pass no less or some other priest. His relatives than seven Catholic churches. The are, therefore, paying handsomely for grand cathedral which occupies a this service on the part of this priest, commanding position in the heart of who is always ready to say "high the city, according to one authority. mass for high money, low mass for is "considered the finest church build- low money, and no mass for no ing in either North or South Amer- money." He will have to say a great ica." In it, according to a printed many masses at the same rate in orannouncement, is guarded with care der to help the poor fellow much, and the purple robe of Jesus Christ and even then no one can know for sure .. Condensed from Missions~ February, 1911.

that he is out, so that the only satis- even after she has poured out the factory way, to the priest at least, is story of her sins, hoping to get some to keep on saying masses at the same relief, or if it be a man, after he has high rate, week after week and year dragged himself over the floor of the after year, as long as the relatives temple several times on his knees in can be induced to part with their the act of prescribed penance in the money for this purpose. Masses are vain hope of finding peace-inevitably being paid for in different parts of comes away with the same hopeless Mexico for relatives who died genera- look gendered by the feeling of contions ago. The doctrine of purgatory demnation that marked the face be·- is a most convenient one for the priest, fore the confession. This we may see but a most expensive one for the other enacted every day here in Puebla by party. multitudes of burdened souls who really seek relief from the load of their Do you want to see the "vicegerent sins. of Jesus Christ" exercising his vicegerency for the living sinner, telling It is the Gospel of Christ that they him what to do in order to atone for need, but that is the very thing that each particular sin which he has com- they do not want and are determined mitted? The present State law of Mex- not to have; they have been taught to ico requires that all confessional boxes shun it as they would shun a pestibe kept out in plain view, and that lence, and to not even converse with they be kept entirely open in front, a "protestante." We open our chapel, so you may actually see the "vice- and rent mission rooms in populous gerent" in action. Here comes a poor centers, and hold services night after soul, really seeking to know how she night, and month after month, and may be rid of the terrible guilt of her year after year, but only a handful sins. She is bowed down with the darken our doors. They are determined awful weight of the knowledge of not to hear the Gospel. Why not go merited condemnation. She kneels be- where they are and preach to the side a confessional box within which crowds on the streets and in the market sits the long-robed figure of a man. and in the plaza? The reform laws of Study his face for a moment as h~ Mexico strictly forbid any propaganda sits curiously gazing about the room of any religion outside of the desigeven while another penitent is already nated places of worship. Weare forin the act of confession. If his face bidden to hold even a prayer-meeting is an index of his character, he is, in in a private home. We must designate many cases, ten times more a "child the place of worship, and even then of hell" than this poor creature who must put up a screen in front of the is pouring the story of her sins into door. If we were to attempt to preach his ear. He occasionally whispers on the street we would find ourselves something back to her, and then in a lodged in jail in less than thirty minperfunctory way listens for a time to utes. Even the homes, all but a very few, are closed to us as Gospel the other poor sinner who is kneeling workers. on the other side. And so the farce goes on to the end of the chapter, and If the Gospel is their only hope, and you turn away sick at heart because they absolutely refuse to listen to the you know that you have been looking Gospel, it seems that the case is hopeupon one of the most gigantic frauds less, and we might as well retire from ever practised in the name of religion. the field. No! there never was a field The irony of it all is that the priest anywhere in the world that could not who thus traffics in the souls 6f his be reached with the Gospel, if the fellow creatures knows deep down in proper means were employed. This his own heart that it is a farce and a is a needy people. Manifestly the monstrous fraud. And the pathos of thing to do is to find out what they it all is that the poor, misguided soul, do want, and while we are giving them

DENOMINATIONS IN MEXICO 2II

that with one hand, give them the competent surgeon and general prac- CospeJ with the other; they will re- titioner. We must have a building for ceive the latter for the sake of the a hospital and dispensary, with equipformer. ment quite up-to-date. If we employ these methods we shall give Mexico a There are two things, in great de- Christian civilization. mand by these multitudes, that we, as Gospel workers, can consistently sup- Why play at missions with such a ply, namely, schooling for their chil- magnificent opportunity as presents itdren, and healing for their diseased self on this field? A compact city bodies. Jesus had a forerunner to with a population larger than was reopen the way for his coming, and his ported for at least two of the States Gospel needs, and must have in of our great Union at the last census, Puebla, a forerunner. The Method- and nearly two and one-half times as ist denomination found this out long great as the population of one of them. ago, and have a well-equipped day In view of the vast resources which school, in which they are doing excel- God has placed in the hands of North lent work, and we rejoice in their American Christians does not this consuccess. dition in a great North American city seem pitiable in the extreme ? We We are convinced that in a city of certainly have neglected some vast opthis size and importance we must have portunities on our own continent. Who not only a school with consecrated could ask for a better opportunity of missionary teachers, but also an ef- investing a few thousand dollars ficient medical missionary department, where his investment would bring which shall include on its staff a con- quick returns in evangelizing a great secrated lady physician for work among women and children, and a city?

OTHER DENOMINATIONS IN MEXICO The Northern Presbyterians began 60 of these are Christian teachers. A work in Mexico City in 1872; in Zaca- monthly is published in English, and tecas and San Lpis Potosi in 1873; at another in Spanish, besides a weekly other points much later. According to paper, a new experiment. Sabbath the report of the Foreign Board for school literature has been prepared by 1909 they have 57 churches, with the Presbyterian Press in Mexico City, 4,320 members, and 373 were added and this is used in South America, that year. There are 26 schools, with Cuba, Porto Rico, Spain, and the 1,362 pupils in boarding and day Philippines, as well as in Mexico. This schools. The ordained American mis- suggests a work that should be done sionaries number 8, the native preach- by the Baptists in Spanish-speaking ers 29, native teachers and assistants countries. We have a small paper in 65, women missionaries 13. The field Mexico, in Cuba, and in Porto Rico, contributions were $23,304, and the but as yet are lacking in suitable Sun- Foreign Board appropriated $53,432. day-school literature and general re- Much attention is paid to the eduq- ligious reading. The American Prestional work, which is essential to the byterian Church in Mexico City finds development of a native church. The its work more difficult than the Span- Coyoacan College and Seminary is lo- ish-speaking church. The pastor says: cated in the capital, and at Mexico "The conditions are even more op- City and Saltillo there are normal schools. The students at Saltillo num- posing in this foreign city of 400,000 ber 100, and altogether there have than in a city of the same population been 931 boarders and 110 graduates in the States. There is the lack of since the opening in 1889. More than religious and moral sentiment which is so helpful in a Christian land."

The Northern Methodists took up tional) expended $24,572 upon its the work in Mexico in 1873, and the Mexican missions in 1908. It has 6 Mexico Conference was organized in stations, 5lout-stations, 5 ordained 1885. The American missionary force missionaries with wives, 5 single woconsists of 13 men and 22 women, 50 men, a total of 15 American missionnative women workers, 29 ordained aries, 6 ordained native pastors, and and 37 unordained native preachers, 2 unordained, 20 teachers, and alto- 92 native teachers, and 20 other helpers. There are 2,822 members and gether, 29 native workers. There are 3,016 probationers, a total of 5,838, 24 organized churches, with 1,540 with II,OOO other adherents. Educa- communicants, 60 added during the tion is looked after in 7 schools, with year on confession. The adherents 24 teachers and 708 pupils, beside!> 3,819 pupils gathered in elementary number 4.425, average attendance and day school,:· There is a theo- 1,126. Three churches are self-suplogical school in Puebla, with one porting wholly, and 1,157 pupils are teacher and two students in 1907. enrolled in the Sunday-schools. There There are 71 Sunday-schools, with is one theological school, with 10 stu- 3,553 scholars; the churches and dents for the ministry; 3 boarding and chapels number 57, valued at $3°9,- high schools, with 140 boys and 161 86o; and there are 33 parsonages, girls enrolled; and 6 other schools, valued at $238,665; while the school, the total school attendance being 676. orphanage, hospital, and other property reaches a total of $217,700. The The people gave $12.494 for the suptotal contributions on the field port of their own work. The missions are at Guadalajara, Chihuahua, Heramounted to $I03,758, $91,476 of mosillo, Parral, El Fuerte, and Guerwhich was for self-support. The adult rero. A State Conference of Conbaptisms in the year under considera- gregational Churches has been organtion numbered 222. The church edi- ized. The report says that in Hermofice in Puebla cost $25,000, and the sillo the Yaqui Indians have made a church has property there valued at deal of trouble throughout the greater part of the State. It is the govern- $170,000. The Mexican church in ment's severe dealing with these In- dians that has been one occasion of Mexico City has 570 members and ~riticism. The missionaries have been probationers, while the English-speak- unable to make headway among them. ing church has 112. The Mexican In the school at Guadalajara, the Cohouse of worship is valued at $110,- legio Internacional) there is a normal 000, and a total of more than $300,- department, and every student is 000 in property has been put into obliged to take part in the domestic or this strategic field. The Methodists industrial work, including carpentry, make their work impress the people bakery and laundry. At Parral the with a sense of stability. They are Congregational and Baptist missionwell spread over the districts from aries have united to maintain a servnorth to south. The Methodist Mexi- ice in English once a month, the only can Institute, the strongest educationai religious gathering of the Englishinstitution, is at Puebla, and has about speaking colony. A German work has 260 students, half boarders. The day also been started among the large Gerschools are attended by Catholic chil- man population in Guadalajara. dren, whose parents seem glad to secure these advantages for them. The The Southern Baptists have had a hospital at Guanajuato, and the medi- work in Mexico since 1880. The Forcal work, open the way where the mis- eign Board reported in 1908, 40 sionary can not gain admittance. As churches and 63 out-stations; 30 misshown elsewhere, we are finding the sionaries, of whom 17 are women; 17 same thing to be true in our work. ordained natives and 21 unordained native helpers; 1,428 members; 17 The American Board (Congrega- houses of worship; 1,046 enrolled in

OTHER DENOMINATIONS IN MEXICO

37 Sunday-schools; 10 day schools was $3.497, and the mission property with 406 pupils. The amount raised is valued at $159,772. There are 25 on the field was $2,I52. The work in church edifices, 14 parsonages, I North Mexico is much the larger. school bUilding. American churches Education is emphasized. The prin- are maintained in Mexico City and cipal fields are Saltillo, Torreon, Du- at San Luis Potosi: The Colegio Wes- rango, Jua~ez, Chihuahua, Hermosillo leyano, training school for young in the north, and Guadalajara, Mo- preachers, is at this point.

relia, Toluca and Leon in the south. The American Friends Foreign Medical work has proven effective, . Board has three mission centers- and a regular dispensary is maintained Matamoros, Victoria and Matehuala, at Guadalajara. At Leon there is with excellent schools in each place.

great intolerance and Protestant work Especial attention is paid to the educa- is especially difficult. There is a prin- tional work, with good results. There tery, and a weekly paper has been are 7 churches, with membership of started in the Leon field. The name 773· of it is the Baptist Watchman (El The Cumberland Presbyterians have Atalaya Bautista), so that our Bos- a mission and school at Aguascalientes.

ton weekly can see how its name looks There are seven missionaries and in Spanish. The missionaries note teachers. The total put into the work an increasing readiness to hear the is about $8,000, half of which is for Gospel, and a corresponding decrease school work.

of fanaticism. The Presbyterian Church South The Protestant Episcopal Church entered Mexico in 1874, at Mata- has missions covering the principal moros. It now occupies six fields cities. The force consists of a mis- with a combined population of 165,- sionary bishop, 16 presbyters, 5 dea- 000. Nine missionaries are at work, cons, 3 candidates for orders, 25 three of whom are men; besides 8 na- teachers and workers from the United tive preachers and 16 native helpers.

States, and 22 Mexicans. Of the There are 10 churches, with 721 com- clergy 9 are American, 7 are Mexican. municants. One boarding and high The report for 1909 shows 55 stations school is maintained in Matamoros, occupied, with a Mexican membership with 120 girls in attendance, and five of 1,187, English-speaking 885. There day schools are well attended. About are 15 churches and 21 chapels. The $2,500 is raised by native contribu- average attendance upon public wor- tions.

ship was 23. Six day schools and 2 The Christian Woman's Board of boarding schools are maintained, with Missions of the Disciples Church has about 200 pupils; the Sunday-school 32 missionaries at work, 16 of them attendance is 447. The contributions American, and 16 native ministers and for this work amounted to $26,963, of teachers; II churches and 21 out-sta- which about $6,500 was raised on the tions, and reported 596 members in field. 1908. There are 370 pupils in the day The Methodists South have three schools. The amount raised on the field Mexican conferences. The work be- was $2,746. The principal stations gan in 1873 in the capital. The force are at Monterey, where the mission consists of 12 foreign workers and was opened in 1897; Coahuila, the 46 native. The three districts have 30 Texas frontier district, Saltillo, and stations and circuits, with 3,063 mem- Sabinas, and in the State of Coahuila, bers, and 1,185 Sunday-school schol- the frontier district. Evangelistic 3rs. The total collected on the field vigor characterizes the work.

REPORTS OF THE GERMAN MISSIONARY

A REVIEW BY REV. LOUIS MEYER Since the German missionary so- numerous. In South Africa the finan- cieties have published their reports for cial difficulties from which the whole the year 1909 it seems profitable to country suffered had a retarding in- review them that our readers may thus fluence upon the work, and the racial gain a clearer view of the large work question, which is becoming more pro- done for the Master by these societies nounced there, by no means aided the among the heathen. work of European missionaries. In The eighty-sixth annual report of German East Africa, Islam proved so the great Berlin Missionary Society successful in its aggressiveness that contains a multitude of valuable and· the German Government quietly and important facts and figures, which kindly urged an extension of mission- clearly prove the blessing of the Lord ary activity, which, however, is not upon the faithful work. The fields of possible under existing circumstances.

the society are the Cape Colony, In South China the enmity of the Orange River Colony, Transvaal, Chinese reformers toward everything Rhodesia, Natal, German East Africa, foreign proved a serious hindrance, and China. In 86 missionary centers, while everywhere sickness of the 439 out-stations, and 616 preaching- laborers, lack of means, and lack of places, II5 ordained and 14 lay mis- men retarded the work for the Master sionaries, 6 physicians and teachers, 33 very much. All these difficulties, how- lady teachers, 4 trained nurses, and II ever, were more than balanced by the tradesmen, of European birth, were manifest blessings of the Lord. The assisted by 23 ordained and 1,006 lay report of the Berlin Missionary So- native workers. The number of con- ciety for 1909 is a most encouraging verts from heathenism baptized during document in spite of difficulties and 1909 was 4,249. so that the number of hindrances recorded in it.

native Christians increased to 60,048 The Breklum Missionary Society in the different fields. Of these native held its annual meeting on June 7. Its Christians 49,245 are found in South sphere of activity is East India, where Africa, 1,982 in German East Africa, the work is being carried on upon 14 and 8,821 in China. The number of stations. Its 29 European mission- inquirers under instruction at the close aries (23 men) are being assisted by of 1909 was 1,952 in South Africa, J26 native teachers and catechists and 1,351 in German East Africa, and 812 145 voluntary helpers. The number in China. The 409 missionary schools of baptisms in 1909 was 372 only, so of all descriptions had an attendance that the number of baptized Christians of 15,381 pupils. The financial condi- increased to 10,791, but 2,239 inquirers tion of the society is a serious one, remained under instruction at the close alas. The deficit of the past year of the year. The 68 missionary schools amounted to almost $48,000, so that were attended by 1,722 pupils, of the total deficits of 1905, 1907, 1908, whom 825 were heathen (653 boys and 1909, amounted to the large sum and 172 girls). The income of the of $180,000. Providentially, the so- society for 1909 was $51,300, so that ciety has been enabled to pay this the year closed without a deficit. The whole debt with the money left by a reports of the missionaries tell the friend of the work some time ago, but story of the irresistible progress of the becoming available only now, yet its gospel in spite of immense difficulties financial condition is such that a mort- and of the growth in grace of those gage had to be placed upon the who have come out from heathenism property in Berlin and an increase of and placed their trust in Jesus in ~he contributions to $350,000 in 1910 former years.

(from $284,000 in I909) is needed if The German Baptists in Berlin are the work is to be continued without able to report large numbers of bap- retrenchment. The difficulties en- tisms in its field, which is Kamerun, in countered during 1909 have been German West Africa. Their 30 European missionary workers are about 300 pupils attended its 9 schools.

faithfully assisted by S9 native helpers, The total income was about $25,CXXl.

and the gospel is being proclaimed by The Gossner Missionary Society this missionary staff in 5 missionary has labored many years already among centers and 51 out-stations. The mis- the heathen Kols of Chota Nagpur sionary schools have increased to 42, with wonderful success, in Assam, in and the number of regular pupils to Jaspur, and in the district immediately 1,782, while the 12 Sunday-schools are adjoining the Ganges. At its last an- attended by 817 young natives. The nual meeting the statement was made income for 1909 was about $27,000, so that at the close of 1909 the number that aU obligations could be met. The of Christians among the Kols was work is progressing rapidly and 74,626, while that of inquirers was blessedly in every department. 14,355, tho the propaganda of Roman The German East Africa Mission- Catholic missionaries continued to lead ary Society well speaks of blessing and away considerable numbers of both trial in its last annual report, for its baptized and inquirers. The congre- work is abundantly blest, tho the gations are so widely scattered that it difficulties, chiefly caused by the ag- is most difficult for the 45 European gressiveness of Roman Catholic mis- missionaries and their 797 native help- sionaries, are great. In Ruanda, ers to look properly after the mem- where its missionaries settled only bers or to instruct the inquirers thor- three years ago, the third station has oughly. In Jaspur no station has been been founded and the people continue founded yet, tho already 2,426 heathen to attend the preaching of the Word have been baptized and 2,740 have be- of God in large numbers, so that the come inquirers. In Assam, where 3 missionaries look into the future most missionaries are laboring, chiefly hopefully, especially since the first ap- among the Kols laboring upon the tea plicant for baptism has come. In plantations, 1,957 of these immigrants Usambara, the original field of the have been baptized, while 329 have ap- society, the number of native Chris- plied for baptism. The harvest in the tians has increased to 1,200, and that district immediately adjoining the of inquirers to 400. Among the in- river Ganges is still small and 7 mis~ quirers is one of the most prominent sionaries have gathered only 674 con- chiefs of the country, Shedafa of verts and 57 inquirers. The financial Mshihui, who has to suffer especial condition of the society is still unsatis- factory, the year closing with a new temptations and difficulties on account deficit of $5,000, so that the total of his prominence. The number of deficit is $33,000 now. pupils in the 44 schools has increased to about 1,700, and the school at The Hermannsburg Missionary So- Kirinda, one of the stations in Ruanda, ciety has laborers in South Africa, is especially promising. Upon 12 Persia, and East India. In Persia the stations and 21 out-stations 24 Eu- work is to be reorganized in the near ropean missionaries are assisted bY-49 future, while in Africa and India it is native helpers, and the income was equal to the expenses, about $8,000. in a most satisfactory condition in the The General Evang-elical Protestant 57 missionary centers and 169 out- Missionary Society has continued its stations. There 67 European missionwork in China and in .Tapan. but has aries are assisted by 300 native workbeen forced to somewhat limit its ers, and more than 70,000 heathen have been baptized, while almost 9,000 heathen pupils were in attendance at activity in the latter country on ac- the 200 missionary schools. count of the decrease of its income. The Jerusalem Society in Berlin upon its 4 stations and 10 out-stations, can look back upon fifty-seven years of 10 European missionaries and 33 na- missionary work among the Arabs of tive laborers were employed, while the Holy Land. Its stations are Beth-

lehem, Betdjala, Betsahur, and He- ward for baptism,' so that the misbron, where one European minis- sionaries there are greatly encouraged. ter and one Kaiserswerth deaconess The total income of the Leipsic Soare assisted by r6 native helpers. No ciety increased to $150,000 during the baptisms were reported for 1909, but year, yet it closed with a deficit of the missionary schools were well attended by Mohammedan children. $15,000.

The orphanage for Armenian orphans The Moravian Missions have conat Bethlehem was so crowded that it tinued their great work in Labrador, became necessary to transfer eight of Alaska, California, West Indies, the older orphans to the Syrian Nicaragua, British Guiana, Dutch orphanage. In Jerusalem the society Guiana, Cape Colony, German East has employed one of its native evan- Africa, India, and Australia faithfully, gelists from Betsahur as assistant but have not yet succeeded in overpastor at the evangelical church of the coming their financial difficulties, so Redeemer, who has entered upon a that the gradual retrenchments decided wide and much-appreciated ministry upon by the General Synod a year ago in the Holy City. Besides the mis- must probably take effect. much to our sionary work among the Arabs, the regret and that of every friend of missocietv takes care of the German evan- sions. gelical congregations at Jaffa and Haifa, with their schools and other re- The Neuendettelsau Missionary Soligious work. The income of the so- ciety has met with continued blessing and success in its work in New Guinea ciety for 1909 was almost $30,000, so and in Queensland, where 35 Euthat all expenses could be met. ropean and 14 native workers are em- ployed in 13 stations. Its native Chris- The Leipsic Missionary Society re- tians have increased to more than ported much progress upon its three 2,000 and its missionary schools are fields in India and Africa. In India crowded by more than 600 pupils. it is the successor to the old Danish- Halle mission in the Tranquebar field. The Neukirchen Missionary Insti- tute is reaching out for new fields in There the European missionaries need German East Africa, its fields upon aid most urgently, for in 41 stations, Java and in the Lamu and Tana dis- 862 out-stations. and 264 preaching- tricts of British East Africa being in places, only .17 German and 1.1 Swed- a most prosperous condition. Its misish missionaries are at work, who were sionaries number 29 Europeans and assisted by 29 ordained and 204 lay 69 natives upon 15 stations. The nanative workers. The number of bap- tive Christians gathered by the faithtized heathen has increased to 2I,gOl ful work have increased to more than (19~ adult baptisms in 1909), while 2,000, and the schools report an at- 184 inquirers remained under instruc- tendance of about I,800 pupils. tion at the dose of 1909. The missionary schools were attended by The North German Missionary So- IO.q20 heathen Ptlnils. In German East ciety reported another year of labor Africa many difficulties were caused and success in Togoland, West Africa. by the progress of Islam and the in- For the first time within seventy-four Ciease of the number of European years of missionary activity more than settlers, yet 17 heathen were baptized 1,000 were baptized in one year, the and the total number of baptized total number for 1909 being I,14~. and heathen is now I,:to;2. There are 1 I among them 826 adult heathen. Upon stations, 36 out-stations. and 6 preach- 8 stations and I43 out-stations, 53 Euing-places, and a staff of 32 Eu- ropean and 204 native workers were ropean and 5q native workers, while in employed. The number of native the 64 schools 5,817 pupils were en- Christians increased to 7,635 from rolled during I 909. In Ukamba the 2,go8 at the close of 1902, and the schools were attended by 5,627 pupils, first free Wakambas have come for- an increase of 565 over the number of

FIRST LAOS BELIEVER 21

pupils in Ig08. The increase of pupils 864 Christian teachers impart instrucis not as large as in previous years, tion to 15,114 heathen pupils (out of but still very satisfactory. The in- a total of 35.334 pupils). The numcome was almost $63,000, but the total ber of inquirers was ~I4,746 at the deficit now amounts to more than close of Ig0g, larger than at the close $35,000, so that the financial condi- of Ig08. Financially the year 1909 tion of the society is by no means was quite satisfactory, the total in- come of the society amounting to more good. The Rhenish Missionary Society than $235.000. so that it closed with a little balance in the treasury. The has sent its missionaries to Cape society. however, urgently needs an Colony, German Southwest Africa, increase of men and means. Borneo, Sumatra, Nias, Mentawei Islands, China, and New Guinea, and There were 25 missionary societies from every part of its great field of in the German Empire at the close of work came most encouraging reports Ig09, which employed about 1,200 Eufor publication in its eightieth annual ropean and 5.000 native laborers, upon report. The number of its European 60S stations and 3,000 out-stations. missionaries has increased to 201, that The baptized converts numbered alof native helpers to 1,907, while there most 550.000. while the schools conare now I 15 stations and 534 out- tained 150.000 pupils. The total instations. The converts from heathen- comes of all the societies amounted to ism and Mohammedanism number almost two and one-half millions of dollars. now 144,929, while in the 679 schools THE FIRST LAOS BELIEVER BY REV. DANIEL MCGILVARY, D.D Missionary of the Preshyterian Church. U. S. A.

The first Laos believer to be bap- to be their sleeping, dining, reception tized was Nan Intah, the man who room and chapel for months to come.

became a believer through an eclipse News of the arrival soon spread far of the sun. But for the first believer and near and was the signal for a we must go back to that ever mem- rush. They had anticipated a rest orable first month of the mission. from the small hot boat, but they Forty-two years ago (April 3, 1867) themselves proved to be the greatest the first mission family, husband, wife show the country had ever seen. The and two children, reached Chieng Mai, arrival of Barnum's menagerie in a after a journey of eight-nine days country town in the back woods would from Bangkok. The only possible have been as nothing to it. The ex- place to receive them was a sala or hibition was in a public rest-house rest-house built by a Buddhist officer where one was presumed to have as for merit. It was 12 by 20 feet, with much right as another, and there was teak floor and walls on the back side no fee. And so from early dawn till and two ends, opening on a veranda shades of evening they came; princes 6 feet wide. Tho small, it had the and princesses, officers from the court, virtue of being brand-new. It really market women and children with their proved meritorious, as it had been baskets, the sala crowded above, and planned by the all-foreseeing Father crowds below pressing for a sight.

for the new mission family. The favorite act of the scene was The sala was just outside the city the eating-time, with their interesting gate, on the greatest thoroughfare in criticisms on seeing the white people the country. Into it was crowded all eat. "Father, mother and children all the family furniture, tables, chairs, eat together sitting around a table."

bedsteads, boxes and trunks. It was "They have knives and forks and they

eat their rice with a spoon and not been baptized and two others in the with their fingers as we do." When interval, so his name stands fourth on begged to wait and come again, they our roll. said, "Oh, no ;>go on, we will not dis- In September our Christians were turb you, we just wanted to see how scattered by the martyrdom. Ve the white people eat." wondered how the Sen fared in his But it was a fine time for mission distant home. It was not till May, work. The missionaries had not to seek the people; the people came to r872, that we saw him and learned the them. Time with the Laos was not facts. Dr. Vrooman and I were on money, and they were in no hurry to a long tour to Luang Prabang. While go. Many were the interesting con- in camp on Sabbath we saw a man versations with the more thoughtful had spied us from a passing crowd of the callers on the great themes of and was making his way to us. It sin and salvation, Buddhism, spirit was our dear old officer. When the worship and Christianity. martyrdom occurred he had been sent for by the Governor of Lampun, who, Sen Ya Wi Chai it seems, had joined with the Chief It was early in that very memorable of Chieng Mai to stamp out the dread- month that Sen Ya Wi Chai, an officer ed, heresy. When he can fest to being six days distant to the north, called a Christian, he too would have died with the crowd. He saw and heard had not the governor's son, and after- only the mother teacher, as Mrs. Mc- ward successor, begged his life on the Gilvary was talking to a crowd on the ground that he was a countryman who folly of idolatry. He caught the name knew no better.

of Jehovah Jesus, the living God, the When the old city of Chieng Sen Creator of all, and "He is able to was resettled, as he belonged to the save." captive race, he was sent back and set- The crowd passed on and he with tled at Ban Thurn, a day's journey them. But like Lydia his heart had west of Chieng Sen. He became one been opened. A great thought had of the charter members of the Chieng touched his mind. He ceased to wor- Sen church. On all of my subsequent ship his idols. He talked to the peo- visits it was a great pleasure to com- ple, but his words were as an idle tale. mune with him. His knowledge was It was not till his next annual visit to limited, but his faith was strong. Like the city that his history became the father, the three sons became of- known. He was delighted to meet the ficers. That in itself would then have father teacher. His honest face and made it difficult to profess the faith evident sincerity guaranteed his truth- of the father. But they always said fulness. He called daily, and when the father was right. They would still his business was finished he still lin- wait. They were fine business men, gered till his comrades would stay no reverenced their father, and Sen Ya longer. But he did not leave till June Wi Chai himself, after an upright 27, 1869; then he was baptized and Christian life, "came to his grave in received into the communion and fel- a full old age," in his eighty-fourth lowship of the church. Meanwhile, on year, "like as a shock of corn cometh the 3rd of January, Nan Intah had in its season."

EDITORIALS

WASTED ENERGY IN MISSIONS stitutions established, or even in the The work of the missionary in most number of converts gathered in a of the foreign fields has radically year. Success in missionary work conchanged in the last twenty-five years. sists in the establishment of the King- Formerly he was a pioneer, preaching dom of God with true spiritual leaders the Gospel, translating and distribut- who will carryon the work as the ing the Scriptures, and doing the work early apostles carried forward the of a general evangelist and teacher. work committed to them by Jesus To-day, in the great mission fields, the Christ. MISSIONARY SERMONS foreign worker is, or should be, not a pastor or general evangelist, but No subj ect is more scriptural, more a supervisor and trainer of native Christian, more rich in material or Christian workers. It is wasted energy productive of better results than the for a man, who is receiving a com- subject of city, home and foreign mis- paratively large salary, and is capable sions. This is the work of the Church, of training and directing a hundred this great need of the world is the workers, to be preaching to a handful fact that calls forth the compassion of people, where a low-salaried and the heart-longing of Christ. The preacher of their own nationality minister who neglects to present the could do it better, or to be spending his Biblical teachings, the commands of valuable time over mission accounts Christ, the need of the world, the and minor details of the work. progress of the work is an unfaithful We need, in addition to the alI-im- steward. He can not expect the bless- portant spiritual power, generalship ing of God in his own life, or on his in the mission field. The same reason ministry.

that justifies, yes necessitates, the use On the other hand, it has been of clerks, stenographers, assistants proven in experience as well as in and numberless labor-saving devices theory, that the pastor and the Church in mission hoards and churches at awake to the need of the world, and home, demand that they be employed ready to sacrifice home comforts to to a much greater extent on the for- give the Gospel to all men, are eign fields. Any other course is fool- blest in their own spiritual growth.

ish waste of energy, waste of money, Churches or Christians can not pros- waste of time, waste of life. Many per without the blessing of God, and a missionary has broken down and can not have the blessing of God become discouraged because of the unless they cooperate in the work of multitude of minor details that he Cod in the world field as well as in was not authorized or was financiallv that which is near at hand.

unable to delegate to others. • Pastors are the keymen in the Missionaries to-day must be leaders, Church, and are responsible if they men and women with spiritual power, do not educate their people in world- spiritual insight, organizing and ex- wide missions. A Church never yet ecutive ability, many of them special- died in which the spim of Christ ists in certain lines of Christian work. was manifested in self-sacrificing sep!- They must, by example and by careful ice for the advancement of the world- instruction, train the future leaders kingdom of God.

of the churches in the mission field. Among the missionary sennons of This was the method of Paul, and this the past century are those delivered was the method of Christ. This is at the annual meetings of the Amer- one secret of the great wurk in Ugan- ican Board. Many great men have da and in Korea. Success in foreign given them-Dr. Timothy Dwight, missions does not consist in the num- Lyman Beecher, Mark Hopkins, Rich- ber of missionaries employed, in the ard S. Storrs, and others. Their texts number of stations occupied, in the may offer suggestioill' to other pastors number of educational and medical in- who plan to discharge their responsi-

bility in the missionary education of THE EDITOR'S CHANGE OF ROUTE their people. In the plans of the editor-in-chief Numbers 14: 21; 1 Samuel 7: 12; 1 Kiugs 19: 7; for a world tour of the missions fields, Nehemiah 6: 3; Job 23: 3; Psalms 2: 8; 55: 22; he has sought to follow the leading of 72: 17, 96: 10, 102: 13·16. 119: 96. Isaiah 11'.9. God without reference to his own per- 32: 15. 41: 14·15. 43: 21. 45: 1·16, 58: 12, 60: 4·5, sonal preferences. This led him to Japan and Korea, where, in spite of an? 8: 62: 1.2; Ezekiel 47: 9; Daniel 7: 27; Zechariah ill-health, he has been able to visit many stations, has conferred with mis- 4:9;. Ma1ac~i 1:11;.Matt~ew 6:10, :0:6 sionaries of various denominations, and has been able tel address meetings 9.3/·38.13.38,28.18·20, Mark 7.24,10.45, for prayer and Bible study, and to 12: 31, 16: 15; Luke 4: 18, 11: 2, 11: 41, 14: 28·30, help forward the work by gifts from 24:45-47; John 1: 4; 8: 32,10: 16, 12: 24. 12: 32, funds entrusted to him. 14:6, 14:9,17:20·21,20:21·23,21:17; Acts 2: 14·18, 4: 12, 8: 30·31, 11: 18, 12: 2, 20: 24, After a month in Japan and two 26: 17·18; Romans 1: 14, 4: 25, 10: 14·15; 1 Corin· months in Korea, it has seemed wise thians 1:28, 2: 1·5,3:9,9: 19·23,15:58; 2 Corin· to abandon, for the present, a further thians 5: 14, 6: 11·13, 10: 4; Galatians I: 15·16, tour in Asia, and to seek for rest and 2:20; Epresians 1:23,3:8; Philippians 2:15·16. recuperation in California. With Mrs. 3: 13; 1 Timothy 1: 15: Hebrews 11: 13, 39, 40; Pierson and her daughters, Mrs. Cur- 1 John 4: 20; Revelation 14: 1,21: 1. tis of Korea, and Miss Anna W. Pier- son, he sailed from Yokohama on THE NEED OF FRENCH PROTESTANT the S.S. Manchuria, February 1st, and will probably remain in Los Angeles MISSIONS for one or two months, should the climate prove such as will hasten his French Christians have suffered recovery. Christian friends are asked financial loss through the recent laws to pray that strength and guidance depriving all religious sects of State may be given him from God. support. The Protestant churches have always struggled against the Ro- THE PATON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL man Catholic superstition, formalism and failure to present ;1 living spirit- IN KOREA ual Christianity, and in late years have had a still greater struggle against In Korea the editor-in-chief had growing infidelity and agnosticism. the pleasure of meeting Rev. Frank Being few in number, and compara- H. L. Paton, the son of Dr John G. tively poor in this world's goods, it Paton, who is hoping to see erected a is not to be wondered at that they are hospital in Chinju, Korea, in memory seeking to enlist the help of Ame'rican of his mother. This hospital is un- Christians in giving the Gospel to the dertaken by the women of Victoria, people of the French colonies and de- Australia, who have raised for the pendencies in Africa, Asia and the purpose fl,100 ($5,500) and f400 islands of the sea. These have been was given for a church in the New especially committed to the care of Hebrides. Later £300 more was given French Protestant churches, and they for Korea. It has been found, howcan carryon the work most satisfac- ever, that even with the utmost econtorily, and with least opposition from omy $55,000 more is needed for the French officials. hospital and furnishings. Owing to financial stress at home and the need Rev. A. Boegner, D.D., the sec- for putting extra missionaries into the retary of the Paris Evangelical Mis- Korean field, the Victoria Church can sionary Society, has recently come to not supply the additional amount. America, at the invitation of Dr. John Chinju is a town of 40,000 inhabitants R. Mott, and is seeking to enlist the and is the center of a population of sympathy and support of Americans 600,000. I t is hoped that some Amerin carrying on this work. We bespeak for him a careful reading of his valuable paper in this number of the REVIEW. It sets forth the conditions and opportunities that confront the Paris Society at home and on the foreign fields, and shows the need for cooperation in the interests of the Kingdom of God.* • Dr. Boegner may be addrest at 124 East 28th St., New York City, ican friends will come forward to its royal guardians, the princes Dilock make possible the completion of this much-needed hospital. and Suriyong, the brothers of the late THE LATE KING OF SIAM king, walking by its side. Then came There are two deaths which have a body of retainers, bearing the Charecently taken place, and which have vast significance, and should not be morn, or ceremonial fans. Then, passed by either in silence or lightly and cursorily, as tho they were matters alone and solitary, the present king of only common interest and importance. One is the death of Leo Tolstoi, at the head of his regiment of guards, and the other the death of the Siamese king, Chulalangkorn. whose uniform his Majesty wore.

The latter took place on Sunday Between long lines of guards walked morning, October 23d, at the Dusit Park Palace, Bangkok. There was no the male members of the royal family, serious development till Friday evening previous, and the gravi~y of the clothed in white, followed by governcrisis was not fully felt untIl Saturday night. The cause of ~e~th was ment officials, all in full dress uniform, uremia. A comatose condItion was developed on the evening of the 22d, but with bands of crape over their and his Majesty passed away peacefully the next day. Early the brilliant badges and insignia. In the same morning his Royal Highness, the Crown Prince, Somdet-Chao-Fa- rear of the procession were naval Maha-Vajiravudh, was proclaimed king. Profound grief pervaded not officers and sailors. Minute-guns were only the court but the nation, and the distress of the members of the royal fired while the procession was moving. family was very great, as the calamity fell with such suddenness. In accordance with ancient custom, On Sunday evening the body of the the last ceremony was the dressing late king was removed to the Maha- Chakkri Palace, with befitting dignity of the body in full regal robes with a and solemnity. crown broken, and the face covered Then followed the Tamruet Guard, with gold; then the body was placed accompanied by a band with a single reed instrument and muffled drums, in the urn, in the accustomed position, the effect being uncommonly weird and peculiar, a singular melancholy and the urn enclosed in a great golden monotone, hollow and startling, being produced by the intermittent sound of casket. For king and princes to move the numerous drums as they were struck in unison with the mournful on foot in a funeral procession, con- sound of the reed. veying the sacred urn, is a novelty, The body of the departed king was but it added to the solemnity and sigenclosed in a large gilded casket, borne upon a platform, with three nificance of the occasion. rows of bearers, and, high above the casket, a parasol in nine tiers, held The new king promptly issued a above the throne of the king, swayed as the platform was slowly borne for- message to the people announcing his ward. On the sides of the casket sat father's death and his own accession, and directing that the old custom of shaving the head should not be fol- lowed.

,"Ie have recorded the facts about this funeral, not only as a matter of interest to the people, and of value as a contribution to future history, but because Chulalangkorn has been for many years the earnest and consistent friend of missions, especially of medi- cal missions. He and his queen have been accustomed to give aid from time to time to the mission enterprise in Bangkok, and have encouraged the missionaries in their work. This king was one of the most enterprising and progressive of the sovereigns of the Orient, and Siam owes a great deal of its peaceful conditions to his pa- cific character and prudence and wis- dom as a sovereign. Let us hope and pray that his successor may manifest a like spirit. A. T. P.

MISSIONARY

SPANISH AMERICA several times visited all this region, Radical Changes in Bolivia holding cottage meetings in many of the towns in houses freely offered, al- It will be difficult for people accus- ways with large and attentive automed to another type of civilization diences, who beg him to return soon to fully appreciate the present condi- and to bring a "ministre" (minister). tion of affairs in Bolivia. One hun- He has had as many as 400 people in dred years ago Bolivia raised her first attendance at these cottage meetings, cry for liberty, and struck the first all listening reverently and respectblow, and after some fifteen years of fully. In one of the letters to the conflict political freedom was gained. station, Elder Call wrote: "The town But, to their amazement, the people of Carmen (10,000 inhabitants) defound that by throwing off the yoke sires a Protestant school, a minister of Spain they were not yet free, but and a chapel. They are very enthustill in bondage to another master. it siastic. There are many who want to has taken them one hundred years to subscribe for the Sabbath-school quarmake this discovery; and now the terly and evangelical peFiodicals.- opening years of the twentieth cen- Herald and Presbyter. tury are witnessing a determined struggle against the bondage 01 Rome. Education and Religion in Guatemala What sweeping changes a few years Persecution for religious belief has have wrought! Fifteen years ago the not ceased in the intensely Roman Archbishop of Sucre had the boldness Catholic country of Guatemala. In to hint that Mr. Payne, who was un- the village of Sija, the public school der arrest, should suffer capital pun- teacher of the town was arrested and ishment, seeing that no other penalty arraigned before the local magistrate was prescribed in the penal code for on the charge of having visited her the crime of selling Bibles. Ten years neighbors and tried to convert them ago the missionaries were on the de- from Catholicism to Protestantism.

fensive. Until August 29, 1907, the Local Romanists had been much article still existed in the penal code stirred up by the visit of the Presby- of the Republic, a relic of other days. terian missionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Mc- But what a story it tells of the power Bath, who had just spent two days and intolerance of Rome: "Everyone in the town, and they evidently in- who directly or through any act, con- spired these measures to counteract spires to establish in Bolivia any other the influence of that visit. When the religion than that which the republic teacher was given her liberty she professes, namely, that of the Roman complained to the governor and he Catholic Apostolic Church, is a traitor promised her protection and told her AND SHALL SUFFER THE PENALTY OF to return to her village. The governor DEATH." at the same time sent a stringent order Open Doors in Colombia to the local authorities that they should desist from further persecution of Within a semi-circle with a radius the Protestants. Through the in- of roo miles, using Barranquilla as fluence of this teacher a number of a center, are at least 100 towns, some persons in Sija are ready to acknowl- of considerable size, and all easily ac- edge themselves as Protestants.

cessible by carriage, mule or boat. In Mr. and Mrs. Allison, in a recent many of these towns churches could itinerating trip through Guatemala, be soon organized if there were a mis- were repeatedly asked to recommend sionary to itinerate among them sys- some school where children could tematically. Some of the larger ones have good Christian training, but they have definitely asked for evangelical were unable to give any satisfying an- teaching and preaching. swer to these requests, since the one Elder Call, as colporteur for the Protestant school ir. Guatemala, main- British and Foreign Bible Society, has tained at Chiquimula by the Friends, is full to overflowing. The Presbyte- 107 per cent. Eight Baptist churches rian missionaries very eagerly hope increased 52, 38, 144, 86, 106, 522, for some gift which will enable them 219 and 230 per cent. These Baptist to establish a much-needed school. churches also report an increase of 89 per cent. to home missions.-Men A Good Plan in Guatemala and Missions.

The Presbyterian mission in Gua- Gifts for Y. M. C. A. Foreign Work temala which has been carried along in the face of many difficulties, due A few weeks since, at a gathering to lack of sufficient workers and to of men in the East Room of the White insufficient support, has taken on a House in Washington, a gift of $540,- new lease of life with the help of a 000, by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, ten- Christian layman, Mr. Walter Mc- dered on the condition that a like Dougall of Brooklyn, New York. amount be raised, was met by New property has been purchased, contributions made by many prominew buildings and equipment are nent laymen, among them Mr. planned, new workers are to go out John Wanamaker, who offered to and the whole proposition has aS5umed erect another building in China in ada new phase. There is still need of co- dition to the 5 foreign association operation in securing additional buildings already given by him; Mr. financial support that the equipment C. H. Dodge, of New York, who imperatively needed may be provided. pledged funds for two buildings in the The missionaries are earnest, self- Levant; 1fr. S. VV. VVoodford, of sacrificing workers and the need for Washington, $35,000 for a building in medical, educational and evangelistic Kobe, Japan; 1fr. James Stokes, of work is pressing. It would be a New York, and an unknown giver, great blessing if every mission could $100,000 for a building at Moscow; have definite co-workers at home who Mr. John Penman, of Ontario, $50,- would help to share the burdens of the 000 for a building at Hankow, China; workers who have gone to the field Mr. J. VV. Ross, of the 1fontreal Y. and would see that the pressing needs 1f. C. A., $40,000 for a building at are brought to the attention of friends Canton, China; Mr. Dupont Clark, Jr., at home, in order that the missionaries funds for a building at Bangalore, may be saved from physical and men- India; and citizens of Buffalo, $35,- tal break down and that their spiri- 000 for a building at Tokyo, Japan. tual work may be unhindered by finan- Dr. John R. 1fott, Secretary of the cial worries. Foreign Department of Y. M. C. A. outlined a program for the expansiC'n NORTH AMERICA of the work, which involves an addi- tion of 50 secretaries for the Far East Notable Gains in Missionary Giving in the next three years, the erection of 49 buildings in ten countries, pro- Among many notable gains in con- vision for equipment for such expantributions to foreign missions made in sion, and $1,515,000 in money to cover the Pittsburgh district, following last the cost of equipment. year's convention, these are stimulating examples: Three churches of Growth of Christian Endeavor the Evangelical Association increased 79, 143 and 56 per cent., respectively. The United Society of Christian One Presbyterian church increased Endeavor has had a year of great pro- 114 per cent. Three Episcopal gress. President Clark writes as folchurches increased 175, 139 and541 lows: "With gratitude to Almighty per cent. Six Methodist churches in- God, I record that the past year has creased 45, 49, 143, 43, 25 and 27 per been one of unexampled progress and cent. One Methodist Protestant prosperity in the Christian Endeavor church increased 45 per cent. Two movement throughout the world. Lutheran churches increased 94 and

America still leads by a large mar- are frequently broken in upon by an gin in the number of its societies; and insistent telephone message asking for there seems ~o be no diminution, but help.

rather an increase, in the rate of In all, 3,000 strangers in the city, growth. More than 3,000 new so- women younger and older received cieties have been formed in America the direct aid of this ministry in a alone during the last year, and not far single year. Many who are in danger from 500,000 new members have of being led away to the worst places joined our ranks. During the last in the great city are sent to safe board- quarter, from September 1st to De- ing houses. Friends are hunted up cember 1st, a new society was formed for others who have lost or forgot- every three hours. ten addresses to which they were go- "Thirty years ago there were very ing in the city. Many, stranded mid- few organizations of young people in way of their j01,1rney without sufficient our churches. Now there are few money, are supplied with tickets to churches without them. Thirty years go on to their destinations. Alto- ago there was no organized national, gether, the Young Women's Christian State, or city union of young people's Association "aids" are undoubtedly religious societies. Now there are no the most efficient foes the white slaver countries of any considerable size, and in Chicago meets.

few States or large cities the world Jubilee of a Woman'. Society around, without their Christian Endeavor unions. Thirty years ago there On January 18th, the Woman's were no young people enrolled under Union Missionary Society of America a distinct covenant to commune daily celebrated its golden anniversary. It with the Unseen, and to give regularly marked the completion of the first fifty and proportionately as God hath years of organized Woman's missionprospered them. Now there are tens ary work in heathen lands. This soof thousands thus enrolled. Thirty ciety is undenominational and its work is carried on by unsalaried officers at years ago there was little fellowship home. Its workers labor in India, between the denominations; the China and Japan and there has never young people of the different sects been a debt.

never thought of mingling one with The English Bible 1611·1911 another. Now ten thousand such union conventions and great meetings Much interest has been awakened are held every year, when the young tliroughout America and England by Christians of one hundred denomina- the preparations for the coming cele· tions meet face to face and see eye brations of the Tercentenary of the to eye. In the Pennsylvania Chris- King James Version. The American tian Endeavor Union alone 46 dif- Bible Society has issued a Bibliogferent denominations are enrolled. raphy of the King James Version as the Tercentenary Leaflet No. I.

Friends of the Stranger in Chicago Various commemorative exercises will In the railroad stations of Chicago a be held to celebrate the anniversary.

blue badge marked "Travelers' Aid," A New Missionary Training Schoul worn by a motherly-looking woman, indicates that to her all sorts of troubles The Christian Woman's Board of may be confided. A corps of women Missions (Disciples of Christ), have is maintained by the Young Women's succeeded in establishing at Irvington, Christian Association of Chicago, and Ind., a new missionary training school instances of faithful human friendli- for home and foreign workers. Irness set to their credit are numbered. vington is a suburb of Indianapolis. These faithful workers take at their and here are located Butler College homes no more hours of rest than are and the Bona Thompson Memorial absolutely necessary to keep them on Library. The school is to be unsectheir feet, and even those rest hours tarian, and is called "The Sarah Davis

Deterding Training School for Mis- a mixture of Indian and civilized ap- sions." Prof. Charles T. Paul is prin- parel. At that time there were 63,147 cipal. The curriculum includes orien- who could read, and 69,209 who could tal and European languages, element- carryon in English an ordinary con- ary medicine and hygiene, physical versation. In 1908 the Indian popUlaculture, domestic science, bookkeeping, tion had increased to 300,412. For industrial work, music, and the Bible the fiscal year which ended in June, and science and history of missions, 1909, the United States Government comparative religions, anthropology, expended in their behalf $15,724,162. sociology and pedagogy. The home The Government supports 116 boardmission course includes preaching and ing schools and 163 day schools, and pastoral work, city missions and res- spends about $10,000,000 a year in cue work, work for foreigners, In- their maintenance. The total expendidians, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., etc. tures for the Indians from 1789 to 1909, inclusive, have been $485,091,- The new building contains 80 rooms 300. besides chapel and with grounds and equipment. Cost over $100,000, raised The Chinese Christian Students in North through the efforts of Mrs. Helen E. Moses. America The Fruit of Church Federation One of the most wide-awake and hopeful of the Christian organiza- In the first ten years of the Federa- tions in America is the "Chinese tion of Churches in New York, the Students' Christian Association" which following things were done: is affiliated with the Y. M. C. A. of China and Korea. The object of this Twelve churches, of six denominations, association is to unite all Christian located by federated investigation and Chinese Students in North America approval. in order to promote growth in Chris- tion character and to carryon ag- Tenement-house reform furthered. gressive Christian work, especially by A people's park secured in a densely and for Chinese Students. The Assocrowded section. ciation is divided into four depart- Summer playgrounds made part of the ments to develop the work for stumunicipal activities. dents in various parts of the country. Six kindergartens opened in churches Annual conferences are held and have and elsewhere. proved of great inspiration and prac- Two Christian settlements founded. tical help to the students who have Crippled children cared for. met. In September last the second i'!. cooperative parish system developed annual conference was held in Hartfor neighborhood visitation, vigilance ford, Conn., and two other simiand ministry. lar meetings brought together students Special summer work, including moral in Evanston, Ill., and at San and religious instruction for children, by Francisco. One former Harvard stusix denominations at 14 centers. dent, Mr. David Z. T. Yui, is to give The formation of similar federations in his whole time to the work during other cities. the coming year. He was the winner of the Bowdoin prize of $250 at Work for the Red Man Harvard last June where he secured his Master of Arts degree. There are about 300,000 Indians in the States. In California, 20,000; Since the organization of the con- Arizona, 39,000 ; Oregon, 3,600 ; ference in 1909 the membership has 'vVashington, 8,000; Nevada, 5,300; increased from 39 to 166 and the in- Idaho, 4,000. Oklahoma has more fluence of the association has been Indians than any other State, 117,124, felt throughout the country. according to 1908 statistics. In New Mexico there were 18,255; in Mon- At the conference last September tana, ro,428; in South Dakota, 20,- the Chinese students pledged $634 for 065; in Wisconsin, ro,688. In 1908 it was ascertained that II6,333 of the Indians then in the United States wore citizen's dress, and that 43,602 wore

the work during the coming year. The The number is now 414, as against executive committee of this conference 403 a year ago, and they are in the is composed of the following mem- service of 42 societies, and scattered bers: President, Y. T. Tsu of New all the world over. The Church Mis- York, Vice-President, Miss F. Y. sionary Society leads with 81, the Tsao of Columbia University, and H. United Free Church has 63, the Lon- S. Chuck of Stanford University, don Society 39, S. P. G. 25, etc.

Treasurer, H. J. Fei of Oberlin. The Islam in Britain General Secretary is Chengting T. It is stated that there are over 800 Wang. Moslems in England, dispersed in London, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Man- Politics and Miuion& in Alaska chester, Oxford, and Cambridge, and that a large number of them are Eng- The 65,000 red-blooded Americans lishmen who have gone over to the of Alaska believe they are entitled Eastern faith. Some of these latter to elect their own public officials-not wear the green turban, as a sign that to be kept forever under "carpet-bag" they had performed the pilgrimage to appointees from Washington. These Mecca. Anxious as we are in regard Alaskan pioneers are getting anxious to the spread and development of Monot to have conservation conserve too hammedanism in North Africa, it is long. At present towns lying right not unreasonable for the London alongside measureless deposits of the Christian to ask: What are we doing best coal in the world are paying $18 in respect to these Moslems in our a ton for a poor grade of coal from very midst? The statement in the British Columbia, and paying duty on October, 1910, REVIEW as to Moslems it into the bargain. Naturally, citi- in Liverpool was not quite correct, as zens feel this intolerable. the Moslem sect, their "quilliamism" is weak and their "mosque" is an in- Dr. S. Hall Young is in the East significant affair. to find four young preachers who have the grit to sleep outdoors at fifty A Moslem Forward Movement below zero. If he can get four men of that quality into Alaska, he is sure Mohammedans in London are they won't come away. It is the best initiating what may be called a "forcountry on earth to keep well and ward movement." Hitherto they have grow strong in; its air is like wine confined their religious services to pein the veins, and hard work is s11ch a riodical meetings held at a central resphysical joy as it can hardly be in taurant. In Great Britain, we believe, any milder climate. Dr. Young there is not one mosque, with the pos- "mushed" across Alaska snows longer sible exception of a certain building and farther than any other man who in the city of Liverpool. Now this ever took the gospel into that vast warlike faith, which is such a terrible Northwest territory. obstacle in the way of Christian mis- sions in heathen lands, proposes to A Chinese Christian Teaches Japanese invade the metropolis of Christendom, and a sum of ilOo,ooo is asked for Miss Ethel Lee Toma, a Chinese in order tc build a mosque in Baysteacher in the government school at water that shall be the headquarters Kalaheo, Territory of Hawaii, has re- of Islam in the British Isles. Among cently established a Sunday-school for the promoters we are amazed to find the benefit of Japanese. The attend- several who are bearers of English ance is so great that she now has to names! Weare not at all afraid that have the assistance of a Portuguese it will make headway among the peoyoung woman. ple at large, but we recognize in this proposal a loud call to Christians of EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN all shades to return to their "marching British Medical Missionaries In January of each year Medical Missions at Home and Abroad publishes a list of all medical missionaries holding British degrees or diplomas.

I9II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

orders," and redouble their zeal for Church and State in Portugal the spread of the Gospel in the un- The bill for the separation of happy lands which are still under the Churches and State in Portugal guar- blight of the False Prophet.-London antees liberty of conscience, education, Christian. and propaganda subject to simple con- London'. Charities trol. The churches will be placed at the disposal of the clergy, the only According to the "Directory of stipulation being that the clergy shall Metropolitan Charities," recently pub- show they are able to keep them up. lished, the sum total for last year was Bishop Joseph C. Hartzell, of the £7,894,59I , and was divided among American Methodist Episcopal 948 objects, such as these: Church, forwarded to President Taft 14 Bible, Book and Tract Societles…. 343,964 an account of an interview with Dr. 103 Home and Foreign Missions…… 3,310,284 Alfonso Costa, Portuguese Minister of Justice. Dr. Costa asked Hartzell 4 Church and Chapel Building Funds 41,877 to explain to the people of the United 38 Charities for Blind, Deaf, etc…… 242,091 States that the Republican Govern- men of Portugal is not anti-religious, 179 Hospitals, &c …………………. 1.197.211 but anti-Jesuit and anti-reactionary. 89 Pensions and Homes for Aged….. 676,010 Portugal purposes to give perfect 93 General and Food Relief Charities. . 482,794 57 Voluntary Homes ……………. 311,001 46 Orphanages …………………. 193,384 50 Reformation, &c., Insthutjons…… 74,662 63 Education Institutions ………… 607,234 33 Social Improvement Tn~titutions…. 166,828 20 Protection Institutions ……….. 247,251 Arthington's Gifts Finally Available liberty to all sects and even to those of no faith whatsoever. The Legislative Mr. Robert Arthingtol1, of Leeds, Assembly will be asked to pass a England, died ten years ago, leaving law under which these organizations the bulk of his large estate to mis- will be expected to furnish the Gov- sions. The contests made by the first ernment with their rules and regula- cousins are now over, and the Bap- tions, methods of work, and informa- tist Missionary Society has received tion as to how funds are to be raised.

$2,334,630. .Mr. Arthington willed that All contributions must be voluntary, the legacy, principal and interest must and there will be no subvention by all be spent in twenty-one years. the Government.

THE CONTINENT In schools established and main- tained by the Government all religious Roman Catholics Want the Bible instruction will be prohibited on the A remarkable Roman Catholic con- ground that the Government does not gress held its third annual meeting in wish to impose religious beliefs upon Paris a short time ago. Its purpose any. But great stress. will be laid is the promotion of spirituality among upon morality and patriotism. Pri- Christian (Roman Catholic) families. vate or church schools, such as the Its watchword is, "Back to the Gos- Wesleyan Methodist School at Oporto, pel!" Its chief aims are thus stated: will be authorized, the Government I. Return to the ancient custom of requiring them to report regularly evening prayers, which are to be fol- their school regulations, exact plans lowed by the reading of some verses for work, the time set apart for reof Scripture. 2. Reading of the Bible ligious instruction, and proof that in school and catechism classes, in children are not forced to enter the meetings of societies, and in teachers' schools or that parents are not coerced classes. 3. Public reading of the Bible to send their children there as against at all masses without a sermon. 4. public schools. The same program Presentation of Bibles to those who is to be carried out in the colonies.

are confirmed or married, and use of A Blind Woman's Gift the Bible as a premium in the schools. A poor, blind woman in Paris, we Thus, once more in revealed the long- are told, put 27 francs into a plate at ing of many Roman Catholics after a missionary meeting. "You can not the Word of God. afford so much," said one. "Yes, I

can," she answered. On being prest in the aggressive attitude of the Kai- to explain, she said: "I am blind, ser. The statement is made that he and I said to my fellow straw-work- never fails to discuss the subject in his ers, 'How much money do you spend speeches-urging upon. his SUbjects, in a year for oil in your lamps when and especially upon the soldiers and it is too dark to work nights?' They sailors, the evil effects of the use of replied, 'Twenty-seven francs.' So," all intoxicants. He has advised the said the poor woman, "I found that soldiers and sailors of the German I save so much in the year because army and navy to join the Good Tem- I am blind and do not need a lamp, plars and other total abstinence so- and I give it to shed light to the dark cieties, and has ordered the making of heathen lands."-New York Observer. total abstinence from liquors one of Mission Study In Holland the qualifications for naval officers.

"Holland is just in the beginning Interest for Missions in Germany of her Mission Study Movement, but Some years ago a colonial training she has begun well. A sense of the school was founded in Witzenhausen need for intelligent enthusiasm and in Germany. Its purpose is to pre- reasoned convictions in the Church's pare those who expect to settle in the work of Christianizing the world's German colonies, especially in those in life, and for the most thorough edu- Africa. Little attentlOn has been hith- cational means of keeping the world's erto paid to the work of the mission- needs before individual Christians, has ary in these colonies, tho its progress struck deep root in Holland. We look was occasionally mentioned in lectures forward with confidence to the suc- referring to culture and history, eth- cess of their mov(lllent, and its spread nology and national economy, but a in the future from them to other change has come, and now the cur- countries on the Continent. We shall riculum is extended and a special not readily forget the kindness which course for miSSIOns has been added.

welcomed us to the first missionary Thus, Professor Mirbt of the Uni- summer school this year at Lunteren. versity of Marburg, one of the Ger- It was a time of inspiration, in which man authorities on missions, is now we felt ourselves to be members in a giving a course of lectures on "Mis- spreading movement, as the young sions and Policy in German Colonies."

life of to-day is responding to the call Jews Coming to Christ of Christian ideals in the face of unprecedented opportunities and duties." There has been 204,000 Mschumo· -Life and Work (Church of Scot- dim (Baptized Jews, apostates) in the land). last hundred years. Dr. Ignatz Zalson, of vVien, Austria, the well-known Temperance in Germany learned Jew, and author of a book on One of the most significant facts the Jewish race, has in a lecture in connection with the present world- brought out startling figures about the wide temperance reform is the stand number of Jews that have been bap- being taken by the Emperor of the tized in the last one hundred years.

German Empire, together with the He has shown through statistics that, leading scientists, educators and busi- in the 100 years which closed 10 years ness men throughout Germany. Mr. ago, not less than 204,000 Jews left William E. Curtis, who has recently their religion and went over to Chris- made an investigation of conditions tianity. From these fallen away Jews in Germany, writes a very interesting were 22,000 in Germany, 28,000 in account of the present German move- England and her colonies, 44,000 in ment against alcohol, which appears in Austria-Hungary, 84,000 in Russia, the Chicago Record-Herald of Janu- and 13,000 in America. . The ary 12. The most hopeful aspect of number of Jews accepting Christian- the situation, however, is to be found ity increases every year. In the year

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

rSgo, 300 Jews in one city left their the Pale of Settlement. In this great religion and were baptized as Chris- Ghetto, says Mr. Rosenthal, 95 per tians, while in 1904, 600 Jews became cent. of the Jews are confined, and Christians in the same city. they are forbidden to settle in the vil- Cave-dwellers in Rumania lages or to move from one village to another. Even a temporary absence In Die Tiigliche Umschau, Dr. Emil is sufficient to forfeit the right of Fischer, of Bucharest, publishes an residence. Last year thousands of article about ancient habits among in- Jews were expelled from Kief. In habitants of Rumania, which so clear- many places throughout Russia the ly illustrates the necessity of more mis- commercial bovcott has increased the sionary work in that nominally Chris- miseries of the-Jews, and the Ministry tian land that we translate some of of Education has closed to them many his interesting statements. of the schools and universities. In- sanity has increased among them and According to the latest statistics, poverty has caused thousands to bethere are still in existence in Rumania come beggars. Many Jewish bankers over 54,000 cave-dwellings, in which in America and England have refused a quarter of a million peasants live to have financial dealings with Russia in circumstances almost as primitive while the Government persists in these as those of the ancient cave-dwellers plans of persecution. of the stone age. These inhabitants of the remoter parts of rural Rumania ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS still use ancient plows, while wild pears and crab apples are the only Fatalism in Islam fruit known to them. Their vegetables are wild herbs boiled with oil, which Every action, including every sin, is has been prest from the seeds of the "maktoob" (written, fore-ordained). sunflower, the hemp, and the gourd. How often we have heard the worst Until very few years ago, millet, the sins excused in this way! A man kills ancient grain of these people, was another, and his deed is excused by crusht by means of hand-mills and his friends, who say it was "makstored in primitive granaries as pe- toob," or "maksood" (purposed of culiarly shaped as those found in Cen- God). This fatalism enters into every tral Africa. Medical men are still detail of life, and is the cause of known as wizards among these peas- much evil, cruelty and neglect. Chilants, and at funerals a repast named dren seriously ill are often uncared coliba is partaken of which is like for, or, what is far worse, cared for that prepared and eaten by the ancient with such ignorance and superstition heathen tribes of Europe. It con- that they die off like flies, and this is sists of soaked and boiled corn. Thus, God's doing, according to Islam. Look the customs of the stone age still pre- on it as favorably as we can, excuse vail in rural Rumania, says Dr. much of what we see, interpret its Fischer. sacred book as liberally as possible, and we have still a religion corrupt Russian War on the Jews at its source, founded and based on deception, and tainted in all its springs Herman Rosenthal, a Russian editor by the world, the flesh, and the devil. and author who formerly lived in -Egypt General Mission News. Kief, reports that the bloody massacres of Jews in Russia have only Robert College to Date given place to a more silent program The annual report of Robert Col- of persecution and extermination. lege, Constantinople, for 1909-10, This work has now taken the form shows a register of 198 students in of merciless repression and degrada- the college, and 2IO in the preparatory tion. First, there is the limitation of department. The Greeks number 196, the right of residence and the herding the Armenians 61, the Bulgarians 70, of the great majority in Poland and the Israelites 17, the Turks 52, and

others divided among Albanians, school and a mission farm of several Americans, Dutch, Hungarians, Per- hundred acres. some two miles out- sians, Poles, Rumanians, Russians and side the city. Agriculture must al- Sudanese. The incorr.e is $92,763, of ways be the staple industry of Syria, which the students paid $69,584. but the vast stretches of fertile plains Are Missions in Turkey Worth While? have been neglected for generations through lack of honest and efficient While not making so large a propor- government. The present methods of tion of converts in Turkey as in some cultivation are centuries old. and the other lands, nowhere in the world, says tiller of the soil has no scientific help an observing writer, not even in China for dealing with }:ests and other probor Japan, are the results. of the .la~ors lems. This undertaking will round out and influence of Amencan mission- the symmetry of the Presbyterian misaries more conspicuous or more gen- sion's educational work in this diserally recognized than in the .<?ttoman trict. Dr. George A. Ford began the Empire. Mr. Bryce, tlle BrItish am- preparations fifteen years ago, and will bassador to Washington, in one of his act as superintendent of the farm. The books, says: "I can not mention the mountain sides have been tunneled American missionaries without a trib- into for water, and the slopes terute to the admirable work they have raced for the planting of fruit trees. done. They have been the only good The farm is accessible to a seaport influence that has worked from abroad market for the disposal of its produce. -Assembly Herald. upon the Turkish Empire."..Sir 'Yilliam Ramsey, the famous Bntlsh sCien- Bedouin Revolt at Kerak tist, who has spent much tim~ in Turkey, is quite as enthusiastic. The The revolt of the Bedouin on De- American missionarieo. have over 400 cember 5, 1910, against the Turkish schools, 130 or more large .c~urches Government at Kerak, in the East in the centers of population, With con- Jordan district, appears to have been gregations nun:bering as high a~ 2,OO?, due in the main to an attempt on the besides a multitude of out-stations tn part of the authorities to disarm the tribesmen. The first outbreak was at the villages of Asia Minor. Katraneh, the nearest station to The Mission at Sidon, Syria Kerak on the Hejaj Railway, where One of the most stlccessful stations several of the station officials were in Syria from an evangelical star;d- killed, telegraph wires were cut, and point is the American Presbvtenan the line destroyed for five or six miles Mission in Sidon, where Dr. Samuel of its length.' From thence the Be- Jessup and his son Stuart J ~ssup are douin, in strong force, marched upon laboring. Emigration contmues to deplete the ranks of the Syrian la- Kerak, and delivered an organized borers and church-members. Army attack Many of the leading Turkish conscription is now accelerating the officials and soldiers were murdered, while nearly all the Government buildemigration in spite of difficulties, how- ings, including the school, were ever, the education and evangelistic burned. The lives of the Christians work are progressing and there are many encouraging results both direct were SPared and their horses were and indirect. One great need is for not damaged or looted. For thirteen a new Arabic hymnal. It is hoped years the Church Missionary Society maintained medical mission at Kerak. that some friend will make possible but in 1908 it was dosed. its preparation and printing. Girls' College at Smyrna Burned A Missionary Farm at Sidon It is a cause for regret to learn of "An interesting development in mis- the partial destruction by fire of the sionary effort has taken place at Sidon, American ColIegiate Institute, the the Syrian mission of the Presbyterian American Board mission colIege for Church. having opened an agricultural girls at Smyrna.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 23

It is feared that this will seriously was close on 10,000, all for missionary interfere with the work of the insti- purposes, this in addition to over 60,- tute, which was established thirty 000 for self-support. The first misyears ago. sionary was sent out in I90S, and to a field where no Christian work had The students at the college number ever been done, but where to-day there about five hundred, while the Faculty is a community of 1,000 Christians, includes several American women. looked after by a band of 20 Telugu teachers, themselves early converts, Medical Work in Resht, Persia and 6 native Indian missionaries from Tinnevelly, all wholly supported by the Dr. J. D. France, of the American native society.-Men and Missions.

Presbyterian Mission in Resht, Persia, A Mission Arranged by Native Hites that their dispensary last year treated 2,432 new cases and 30498 pa- Christiana tients who returned for treatment. The assistants prescribed for or drest In September last the Tinnevelly 3,703, so that the total was 9,633, or itinerating band, under the leadership an average of 30 a day. There has of Mr. E. Keyworth, worked for a been a great increase in native Per- week in Srivaigundam in a "mission" sian physicians, some of whom are arranged by friends of the Indian Misskilful but many of whom are quacks. sionary Society of Tinnevelly. Mr. The hospital and surgical work has K. writes: "They had arranged a been very important, some patients campaign for the benefit especially of being obliged to sleep on the floor. English-speaking government officials, land-owners and lawyers. Mr. Ap- There is still a strong popular pre- pasami, a widely-known and muchjudice against minor operations, but respected convert of long standing, this prejudice is decreasing and pa- now retired from the bar, threw himtients have been coming from prac- self into the work with great enthutically every place visited last year siasm in arranging lectures on 'The by the missionaries. The evangelistic plan of salvation,' 'Follow the opportunities are beyond the power gleam,' 'The Supernatural in nature,' of the missionaries to accept. Resht etc. For four nights the meetings, enis 20 miles from the Caspian Sea, and livened by Tamil Christian music, were is a city of fifty or sixty thousand well attended by the class of hearers inhabitants. There is great need for that we sought to reach, some of whom a larger hospital and more workers.* afterward bought a quantity of Chris- tian literature." INDIA A Union College at Banga]ore Self-Suppo..t and Self-Christianization The 1l1.adras .JIlail gives an account Those who heard George Sherwood of the opening meeting of the United Eddy during the Laymen's Movement Theological College for South India Campaign last year will recall the pow- and Ceylon. The principal is the erful Use he made of the career of Rev. James Mathers. The Internathe Rev. V. S. Azariah, a native only tional character of the college council two generations removed from devil- is interesting-England, Scotland, Ireworship, but who had been associated land, America, and Denmark have with Mr. Eddy in Christian service as each their representatives. The VIesthe honorary secretary of the Tinne- leyan mission has decided to particivelly Missionary Movement, and was pate in the work and support of the likely to become the first Anglican college, and has made a nomination bishop of Asia. Speaking of the Tin- of a professor. The members of the nevelly Missionary Society, Mr. Aza- staff include a Danish Lutheran, an riah has said: "In the first year of Irish Presbyterian, a Wesleyan, and its life we gathered only 1,500 rupees; It member of the South Indian United but last year, the seventh, our income * Rev. and Mrs. Henry C. Schuler, of Resht, are now in America on furlough.

Church. It is expected that the es- easy to estimate. Believers are not tablishment of this college will mark immediately taken into the church. an era in the progress of Indian Chris- Two thousand persons signed probatianity. tionist slips. A geographical distribu- tion of these has been made among Illiterates in India and China the various denominations, so that each church becomes responsible for The Christian Literature Society the converts and probationers in its of India, of which the Hon. Lord immediate neighborhood. Reay, of London, is president, is calling attention to the deplorable. il- The Future of the Chinese Church literacy in the Far East. In the IndIan Empire it is stated that there are 277,- A self-supporting and self-govern- 000,000 and in China 300,000,000 who ing church in China is the reward, the can not read and write their own fruit, the jJY, and the crown of your languages. This illiteracy is one of long period of labor in that land. Some the greatest of all hindrances to the of our missionary friends are, indeed, progress of the Gospel. They can a little afraid of the Chinese Church not read, they can not think, they can Movement. But the Church can only not understand the teachings of Chris- become able to manage its own affairs tianity. In India practically all the by actually trying to manage them. A women and girls are illiterate, only I child learns to walk by actual walking. in 90 being able to read and write. Does this mean the breaking of friend- A phonetic method is advocated by ships with those who have sent .IS Mr. Joshua Knowles, a method by the Gospel, or is this anti-foreign? which roman letters and romanic sym- Decidedly no! We can never thank bols will displace complicated char- you enC'llgh for what you have done acters and will greatly simplify and for us. But now the time is come facilitate the instruction of the Far when every Chinese Christian should Eastern peoples.* be taught and led to undertake this responsibility, and to know his rela- CHINA tion to the Church. What is the mo- tive power of all this? It is the work- A Union Revival Effort ing of the same Spirit that inspired you to realize your responsibility Suchou, the capital of Kiang Su toward men of other lands.· Yes, the province, is the home of about half a same blest Spirit of God.-MR. million souls. It was occupied by mis- CHENG, delegate to the World Consionaries more than fifty years ago. ference. Never in its missionary history has there been such a revival as the one Christian Endeavor Moving On with which it was so wonderfully blest during the last year. Baptists The delegates present at the recent and Episcopalians, Methodists and three-days' Christian Endeavor con- Presbyterians, on both sides of the vention at Kwangchow, Honan, China. Mason and Dixon line, united in one In many ways the gathering was one union effort. The results vindicated of the most notable ever held in China. the wisdom of the plan. There was The occasion was the first anniversary no friction. Every denomination was of the organization of the first Chrisrepresented in the pulpit at some time tian Endeavor society in that section. during the meeting. And yet there It was all planned and carried out by was unanimity in the messages of the the Chinese from ideas which three preachers, for Jesus Christ, the Savior of them got at the Nanking Convenof the world, was the burden of every tion in May, 1909. At Kwangchow, sermon. The results of such are not as in almost every part of China, the missionary force is so inadequate that * See the leaflet "Our Duty to India and Indian if a missionary is laid aside for illness or other cause, these young Chris- Illiterates," published by the Christian Literature Society for India. 35 John Street, Bedford Row, London, W. c., England. (15 cents.)

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

tians are often left largely to get on that there was no destruction of prop- as best they can. Our Christian En- erty at Lien Chou, but at Sam Kong, deavor secretaries, Mr. and Mrs. ten miles away, where the chapel, Strother, encouraged these three school, parsonage and foreign house young men to start a Christian En- have been ruined. The first three of deavor Society to hold their people to- these buildings were of brick, and the gether, and make every Christian feel bare walls remain standing, but the his responsibility to work for Christ foreign residence is totally destroyed. and the Church. Their case is an- As no foreign missionaries are now other proof of the efficacy of Christian resident at Sam Kong, this house will Endeavor and its wonderful adapta- not be rebuilt. Rev. Stewart Kunkle, tion to local conditions and needs. who was alone at the Lien Chou sta- Four hundred dollars was raised and tion when the disturbances occurred, So persons were pledged to do evan- has been in no danger at any time, gelistic work in the country. and the report from Sam Kong is re- ceived from him. No Cabinet Yet for China There seems to be no danger of The throne has issued an edict, re- further trouble at either point, and fusing to create a Constitutional Mr. Kunkle explains that there was Cabinet, in compliance with a me- no serious anti-missionary spirit morial recently presented by the Na- manifested in any of the recent tional Assembly. The Imperial Senate occurrences. The wrath of the adopted a resolution praying for the mob was directed entirely at immediate creation of a Cabinet, and the local officials, who were unit was believed that the throne had dertaking to establish a new publicdecided to accede to this demand. school system for that part of China, and the point of their grievance was Christian Work on Japanese Railroad that the taxes for this purpose were being levied on the poor, while the Rev. T. C. Winn, of Dairen, Man- schools were being so organized that churia (formerly called Dalny), is ex- they would be especially for the adtending his work along the whole vantage of the rich. After the Sam length of the South Manchuria Rail- Kong riot, there was talk among the road. The railroad is under Japanese radicals of marching on Lien Chou to control and there are large colonies drive out the missionaries there, but of Japanese at every station. Mr. the men of a number of the villages Winn now has six regular preaching- adjacent to Lien Chou held a massplaces on the line above Mukden, and meeting and announced that they the railroad company has employed would go to the defense of the misfive Christian men to spend their sion premises there if it were neceswhole time visiting the families of sary to protect them, and this bold employees along the line to cheer and stand dissipated the danger. encourage them. The company does not allow these men to talk on posi- The Need of Christian Schools in Chin!> tively Christian themes unless individuals express a desire to hear of The goal of the old system of edu- Christianity, but the president of the cation in China was official preferrailroad says this form of service ment; the goal of the new system is can be done by nobody save by Chris- the same, but the subjects of education tian men. The company in one town and the methods of instruction are difhas erected a building for religious ferent. The Board of Education in purposes which Christians and Bud- Peking has elaborated a complete dhists use alternately. system from kindergarten to graduate and professional schools, but the Facts About Lien Chou Chinese are finding out that it is one thing to formulate ideals and quite The situation in the Lien Chou field another thing to carry them out. The of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in Southern China shows

provinces are joining in the proces- every 100,000, and no less than four sion for educational progress, but it is provinces have one missionary to every discovered that very many of the new 250,000. That would mean twelve schools are a farce, and the students missionaries for the whole city of New are helping to make them such. 1n- York, and between three and four hunmoralities are conspicuous, and as true dred for the United States. Out of educational and moral forces the 1,971 wall~d cities in China, only 527 schools and colleges are failures. They are occupied, 27 per cent., leaving do not each students how to live, do not 1,450 great cities without a single misdevelop character, and do not inspire sionary. The aboriginal tribes of to lofty ideals of service. In many China (6,000,000) have no missioncases teachers who are conscientious ary. and capable are dismissed because they are unpopular. KOREA China's most pressing need is for The Little Land of Big Things men of character; there is need therefore for Christian Schools where men Dr. George Heber Jones has reare trained not only intelIectuaIIy but cently said: "Previous to 1905, bemoraIIy and spiritually. fore Korea's union with Japan, Japan faced America, and Korea was simply An Innovation in China a backdoor neighbor; but since 1905, Japan has changed face. She is now The Chinese calendar for 19m– facing Asia, big with possibilities and the second year of the new Emperor, with policies, and Korea has become Hsiian T'ung-is remarkable for one the front door of the Japanese Emextremely important fact: the Chris- pire. Japan during the past five years tian Sabbaths are marked, along with has spent over $40,000,000 in railroad the other Confucian feasts, holy days, exploitation in Korea; but those railetc., etc. The importance of this from roads are built of Pittsburgh rails, our point of view becomes apparent laid on Oregon ties, with locomotives when we remember that this "calen- from the Baldwin Company, and rolldar" is an official document in a way. ing-stock from the Pullman and other It is issued by the government for the American companies. The Koreans guidance of its subjects. It is more have a genius for religion. There is than a calendar. It is a guide to cor- dawning upon the Christian world a rect conduct during the coming year. Korean interpretation of Christian life For example, the red printing on the and practise. I used to hope to live top of the pages mentions the "lucky to see the day when there would be days" for starting on journeys, etc. a thousand Korean Christians. Now There is also full guidance given as there are 250,000, and more believers to the proper days to select for wed- in Jesus Christ." dings, burials, etc.; lists of days when visits are to be paid, presents offered The Gains of Twenty-five Years. and accepted, etc. ; the dates for united worship before the tablet of Confu- When the Rev. John F. Goucher cius and this year, for the first time, made his gift for the founding of the in addition, the dates of the Chris- Korea Mission of the Methodist Epistian worship days are marked! The copal Church in 1884, there was no calendar has a huge circulation. They prophet whose vision could foresee say three out of every five Chinese that in 1910 there would be 50,000 homes will possess one. probationers, members and inquirers as a result of that small beginning. What Paucity of Missionaries Means Prophecy has been outrun. To-day there is an annual conference of this The most fully occupied province church in Korea, with 34 full memin China has one missionary to every bers, 21 probationers. Seven confer- 40,000 people, while five other prov- ence districts take care of the work inces have only one missionary to

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

being done in over a thousand cities, the servants repeat the same prayer towns and hamlets, and the spirit of clay after day is rather funny. 'Whatevangelism in the name of Jesus Christ ever happens in the house, family is flaming from heart to heart among prayers are not given up. Every memour workers, both ministers and lay- ber of the household is prompt in men, in a manner unprecedented since getting ready for the morning meetthe days of the Acts of the Apostles. ing at the breakfast table to worship The Gospel is being preached, and God.-Japan Weekly Mail. thousands are turning to Christ. The sick are being healed, over 30,000 re- Roman Catholicism in Japan, Korea and ceiving treatment from our physicians last year. The youth are being taught, China there being 6,000 boys and girls in the Methodist schools. One of the leading Catholic mis- sionary magazines, Katholische Mis- JAPAN sionen, publishes interesting figures concerning the progress of Roman A Japanese Statesman on Ethics Catholicism in Japan, Korea and China between 1889 and 1909. According Count Okuma has recently said: to these figures, Japan had 37,016 "The fatal defect in the teachings of Roman Catholic natives in 1889, and the great sages of Japan and China 65,741 in 1909, so that the progress is that while they deal with virtue and there was remarkably slow. Korea morals, they do not sufficiently dwell had 15.416 Roman Catholic natives on the spiritual nature of man; and in 1889 and 68,016 in 1909, which any nation that neglects the spiritual, might be considered a quite encourtho it may flourish for a time, must aging increase were it not that the eventually decay. The origin of mod- Protestant natives have increased far ern civilization is to be found in the more rapidly. China had 542,662 Roteachings of the Sage of Judea, by man Catholic natives in 1889 and whom alone the necessary moral dy- 1,2IO,054 in 1909. While the increase namic is supplied."-Chinese Re- in China was very slow during the corder. closing ten years of the nineteenth century, it has been between 80,000 Family Worship in Japan and 100,000 annually during the last years, so that Roman Catholic mis- The Kirisutokyo Sekai publishes a sionaries in China are greatly encourletter on family worship, written by a Japanese lady whose husband is a aged. Christian. She says that the family worship in her house lasts less than AFRICA-NORTH AFRICA fifteen minutes. The whole familyassembles at 6 :45 A.M. around a table President Alexander Resigns in Egypt that will seat about ten people. Each person reads his verse of Scripture in Universal regret will be felt that turn, the little children and the serv- Dr. John R. Alexander has felt conants often making rather amusing mis- strained to tender his resignation of takes. Each member of the household the presidency of Assiut College. The has his or her morning for choosing a announcement has come to us unexhymn. After the Scripture reading is pectedly, and causes a deep sense of over, the master of the house explains loss. The statement made by the the meaning of certain verses, and TIoard of Foreign Missions contains chooses a text to be taken as a motto 110 explanation of the reasons for the for the day, and makes a few simple step, but Dr. Alexander's deep interest remarks thereon. Each member of in the college would yield only to nethe household takes it in turn to pray cessity in asking to be relieved. Dr. morning after morning. The children's Alexander was governed by a weIlprayers are very, very short, but im- defined purpose, an educated people pressive in many ways, and the way and a native ministry for the Church. He made no attempt to give the col- lege a name or a position above or

apart from its actual work. He saw agent of the Church Missionary So- the need of Egypt and met it by a ciety has just reported in regard to school with a broad curriculum and the Sudan district of Lava Enclave, a high standard, a school in which which we have recently taken over character and training for effective from the Belgian Government, that Christian work were ever kept in view. the condition of things "provides a The result is seen in the native min- startling object lesson in the meaning istry trained within its walls. He and of Anglo-Egyptian rule." He states his work have so appealed to the that the thickly-populated district will Church and to the large number of form a splendid ground for missions, visitors from other churches and other but that, at present, "without meaning lands that the name of Assuit College it," we have encouraged Mohamme- is known throughout the Christian danism. "Some 500 Mohammedan world, and is a factor of unmeasured soldiers and junior officers have been power in the spiritual and political poured into the country, and, of regeneration of Egypt.-United Pres- course, Friday has become the of- byterian. ficial day of rest. All government work The Girls' College at Cairo goes on as usual on Sundays. The only schools are those held by The need for a higher educational the Mohammedan mollahs of the Suschool for Egyptian girls has long danese battalions, and the base of been pressing. Many have been turned their teaching is the Koran. This away from the United Presbyterian system is forcing Mohammedanism on Girls' Boarding School in Cairo, and the country, and it has already held the parents have shown a willingness sway for years over what we call the to support a more advanced institu- Pagan Sudan. . At present the tion. The First United Presbyterian nation can only conclude that Moham- Church of Allegheny, Pa., has given medanism is the religion of England." the money to purchase the ground -The Christian. needed and many have united to sup- A Traveling Evangelist in Africa ply the funds for buildings. After many delays the college was opened In Der Evangelische H eidenbote, as a day school, December 6th, with Missionary H. Henking, of Nsaba, in 176 pupils in an unfurnished build- the Gold Coast Colony of West Africa, ing. The boarding department opened writes concerning a remarkable December 20th, with fifty boarders. African itinerant preacher, who vis- ited his station last September quite Among the pupils are 80 Copts, IS unexpected on a Saturday. "On Sun- day morning, we and our native Protestants, 54 Moslems, 12 Jewesses Christians went to the heathen's town, and IS Roman Catholics. One is the daughter of a former Turkish Ambassador to America. The school where the strange preacher, in simple building is well planned, with chapel, and plain English, discust the ways school-rooms, etc. Beside the regu- to condemnation and to life. One of lar classes for academic studies, there our teachers translated the exceedare Sabbath-school, C. E. Society, inly clear address, which could be Arabic preaching service, etc. Re- understood by any ignorant heathen. cently the girls gave a thank-offering At the evening service the stranger of $13S for work among the women admonished our Christians and our teachers and the next day he wanin Egypt.

England and Mohammedanism dered on, a long cane in his hand, hard sandals on his feet, and a light bundle The British Empire continues to of clothing upon his back. None grow in extent, but whether we are would have suggested that the wan- sufficiently alive to our responsibilities derer had been roaming thus through toward those who are brought under the thick forests and the hot deserts British rule is somewhat doubtful. The of Africa for four years.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

In the short hours which the wan- renewed energy. The plan was laid derer spent with us he reluctantly before the international railway congave a little account of his life. His gress at Bern last summer. It is proancestors had been brought as slaves posed to build this line either to Dafrom West Africa to the West Indies, kar or to Bathurst, which ever is the where he himself was born on the nearest point to Pernambuco in Braisland of Trinidad, and was called zil. The sea voyage from Pernam- George Newton. Brought up as a buco to Dakar requires three days, the Roman Catholic, he later came into time by rail from Dakar to Tangier fuller light and felt called to preach would be about two days. From Tanthe Gospel to his black brethren in gier across the strait to Gibraltar is Africa as an itinerant preacher. He ten miles. The entire distance from started from the West Indies without Europe to South America would be any certain plan of procedure, landed reduced to five days. It is proposed to in Cape Town, and immediately began build the road on the standard Euroa life of missionary itinerancy. He pean gage, so that it will be possible to wandered through Cape Colony and ship European trains across the Strait Basutoland, discarding gradually all of Gibraltar without breaking bulk. his baggage as too heavy or too expen- The promoters confidently expect a sive. Then he went, almost always on heavy traffic, and plan to build a foot, through the lands of the Boers, double track. the countries of the Bechuanas and Barotses, and the Belgian and French Slavery to be Abolished Kongoes, making his way slowly northward, calling to the people every- The British Friend is informed by where, "Seek ye salvation for your the Anti-slavery and Aborigines Prosouls." Trusting the Lord for the tection Society that, recognizing the supply of every need, he crossed the unique opportunity now presented for great continent, until, finally after bringing about the liberation of the four years, he reached the Gold Coast 40,000 slaves on the coca-producing Colony and the station of Mr. Henk- islands of San Thome and Principe, ing, whence he proceeded on his mis- and also the prevention of slave-tradsion of mercy. The natural timidity ing in Angola, they have decided to of the African negro has left him and send an influential deputation to Lisfull consecration has taken the place bon at an early date. They also state of the common negro's inclination to that they have received authoritative seek the easiest job. evidence confirming the truth of the charges of pillage, outrage and mas- In every place he preaches but once, sacre made against the officials of a because he feels it his duty not to rest rubber company trading in the upper until he has brought the tidings of Amazon, which has its headquarters salvation in Christ to all Africa. Thus in London. The story, which will he expects to go on, from place to shortly be made public, surpasses in place, an itinerant evangelist, until the horror, it is said, the worst of the tired feet will no longer carry him Kongo atrocities. and the worn-out body will be unable to stand the strain. ffraining for Zulu Preachers George Newton, the black traveling A Norwegian missionary to the evangelist of Africa, is a wonderful Zulus writes N orske Missions Tidende example of the power of divine grace of his training school for evangelists in the heart of man. among these intrepid savages-5,555 of whom are now in the membership A New Afric.n Railroad of various Christian missions. The course is nine months long; and carries The scheme for a new railroad, the student through a careful evan- 1,750 miles in length, down the west gelical study of the gospels and cercoast of Africa, from Tangier to Da- tain epistles, the catechism with Klavekar in Senegal, is being pushed with ness' explanations, and Vogt's church

history, besides providing exercise in December 24th at Sialkot, India. He preaching and instruction concerning was born in Irondale, Ohio, in 1836, the care of souls. The pupils go out was graduated from Jefferson Coltwo by two, Sundays, to preach in lege, (now Washington and Jefferson heathen kraals. "For diligence, at- College,) studied at the Allegheny and tention and Christian walk I can give Xenia Theological seminaries and them the highest praise. It has been was ordained in 1865. The following a delight to work among them, for year he went to India. Three daughthey seem to ripen more and more and ters are missionaries in India. to get hold of the central teachings of Christianity. I have noticed that Rev. Dr. John H. Harpster the beginners usually preach on moral themes, but as they develop, the On February 1st, Dr. John Henry ground principles of Christ's teaching Harpster, the veteran missionary of take a continually more important the Lutheran General Council, died in place in their thought." Mount Airy, Philadelphia. He was born at Center Hall, Pa., on April 27, Chinese Coolies Converted on the Rand 1844, and after serving in the Civil War, was ordained to the Lutheran "We have been often hearing," Ministry in 1871. J:Ie went to India, writes one of our missionaries in where he was statlOned at Guntur. China, "of Chinese coolies deported From 1879 to 1893 he was pastor of from South Africa to their native churches in America, after which he land, coming to varied mission sta- returned to India, where he served tions with letters of introduction from until 1909, when he returned on fur- Christian workers in South Africa. A lough and engaged in deputation party of these men returning to China work. Dr. Harpster was a conseapplied on one of the boats to the cap- crated Christian and an able missiontain for a place to meet, and there ary. His death means a great loss they gathered for prayer and the study to his Church and to the world. of the Scriptures during the voyage. One of these men told the missionary Rev. J. H. Sobey, of Costa Rica that while on the Rand he and others came under the influence of a remark- After a ministry of forty years, Rev. able man, a Norwegian, a self-supporting missionary to the coolies and J oshua Heat~ Sobey, of Costa Rica, others working there. He preached in their language to blacks, whites and passed away m November. He held a yellows, as occasion offered. He learned Chinese by working with number of Baptist pastorates and at Chinamen in a carpenter's shop. This coolie himself was one of a batch of the invitation of the Baptist Mission- 40 Chinese, who, coming under the spell of this Norwegian, learned the ary Society he took charge of the story of Jesus' love, gave up their evil practises, and entered their names as Second Baptist Church at MIonnteOfi"~oe applicants for baptism; and when they Bay, Jamaica, West Indies. were returning to China they received open letters to various missions there years he was led to engage in the esfrom Christians in Africa." tablishment of Christian work on the OBITUARY NOTES Cayman Islands. Then he went to in- Rev. Samuel Martin of India. vestigate the condition of the people Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., a pioneer missionary of the Presby- on the coasts of Central America. terian Board of Foreign Missions died What he discovered led him to leave his Church .to take up pioneer work in LthienoRn,epuwbhlIecreofhiCs oswtaorkRicwa~sat Port abun- dantly blest.

When the Isthmian Canal Commis- sion took charge of the work of con- structing the Panama Canal, Mr.

Sobey became associated with them a!!

a chaplain.

THE MISSIONARY

THE UNIQUE MESSAGE AND UNIVERSAL MIS- the hindrances met in missionary SION OF CHRISTIANITY. By James Frank- work, and gives an excellent account lin Love, D.O. I2mO, 256 pages. $1.25. of Christian missions before and Fleming H. Revel1 CO. I9IO. after the reformation. One chapter is ~e~oted to early Church of England There is no more important sub- MISSIOns, and one to the outlook in ject in connection with the missionary 1843. work of the Church than the essential character and value of the gospel mes- It is interesting to note that even sage for the whole world. If Christ at that early date Dr. Grant recogbrought no all important message nized the need for a scientific study which other religions do not possess, of missions and of the science of misor if this message is not adapted to sions. He pleads for a careful invesall races and classes of men, then tigation of non-Christian beliefs and there is no sufficient reason for the Christian propaganda. practises, and an investigation of Caste and its influence. He sees in Dr. Love shows that the truths that the progress already made an angury actually save men are confined to of future success and notes in pagan Christianity and that they apply with nations the signs of new life. Some equal force to all mankind. In developing his subject the author shows of the statements about Africa and man to be a religious being, that a supernatural revelation is a human Turkey might almost seem to have necessity if truth is to be ascertained, been written ten years ago, so little and proceeds to give evidence that has the situation changed except in such a revelation is contained in the the number and strength of mission- ary centers.

Old and New Testament teachings LEPERS. By Rev. John Jackson, F.R.G.s. 8vo, 208 pages. 3s 6d net. Marshall and in the personality and work of Brothers, London. 19lO. Jesus Christ. The story of thirty-six years of If Christ and His religion are true, work among lepers is pathetic but and if through Him comes the only stimulating, for it is sad and heroic. hope of man's salvation, then the ob- This new and revised edition of the history of the Mission to Lepers in ligation of all Christians to help in the India and the East can not fail to extension of the Gospel is unavoidable. awaken sympathy for the unfortunate The theology of the volume is conser- sufferers who are afflicted with living vative.

THE PAST AND PROSPECTIVE EXTENSION death and for the noble ministers to their physical and spiritual needs. OF THE GOSPEL BY MISSIONS TO THE Such work calls for and merits the HEATHEN. By Anthony Grant. 1843. hearty support of every Christian. Reedited by Canon Charles H. Robin- son. 12mo, 270 pages. S. P. G., London, 1910. Read the book and then make a thank- Dr. Robinson has considered these offering.

Brampton Lectures, delivered at LIFE IN THE ORIENT. By K. H. Basmajian. Oxford nearly seventy years ago, of 8vo, 277 pages. $r.oo net. American sufficient merit to be republished. Tract Society, New York. 19IO.

Their chief contribution of value to . An Armenian author gives his missionary literature is their account views of the social religious and of early and medieval Christian Mis- political conditions ni Turkey at the sions. Some of the information in present day. The book is a third edi- the appendices is not elsewhere to be tion revised to bring it down to date.

found in print-it has been gathered The author is a strong believer in from many Latin sources. Christian missions and speaks em- Dr. Grant gives us a careful study phatically in their favor. He was of the Subject of missions from the born in Adrianople in 1853, was con- view-point of the first half of the verted at eighteen years of age in a Nineteenth Century. He upholds the Protestant Church, was driven from universality of the Gospel, describes home, became a preacher at Marsovan

and elsewhere, and studied at Crozir progress of Christian Missions since Theological Seminary in America. the days of the Apostles, the author chronicles the most outstanding Mr. Basmajian's book gives an ex- triumphs of the Cross. His language cellent description of the Armenian is clear, his conception is fine, and his Church and its condition, of the judgment is good. Thus the book is missIOnary work among Arme- most instructive and interesting. May nians and the general situation in it fulfil its purpose which we conceive Turkey under Sultan Abdul Hamid to be the stirring up of the Chris- II. The chapters on the "Present tion Reformed Church unto Mission- State of the Eastern Church" and the ary activity among the multitudes of "Down of the New Era" throw much heathen in foreign lands. That proslight on the conditions and outlook perous denomination, with 138 minfor the general reader. isters, 189 churches, 14,554 families, and 76,083 souls, has hitherto limited MISSIONARY HEROES IN OCEANIA.. By John its missionary activity to the heathen C. Lambert, D.D. Illustrated. I2mo, 163 Indians of New Mexico and to the Jews in the United States. It has the pages. 75 cents. J. B. Lippincott Co., means and, we believe, the men, to enter upon missionary work abroad Philadelphia. 1910 without injuring its blest work at home. May this book, which we No field is more full of romance heartily commend, aid in the starting and adventure, or picturesque atmos- of a forward movement. phere and thrilling interest, than the mission fields among the savages in REAL RELIGION. Rev. Howard A. Bridgthe islands of the Pacific. There have man. Izmo, 185 pages. 75 cents, net. been enacted feats of daring heroism The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1910. and there have been witnessed marvelous transformations. Dr. Lambert The managing editor of The Conhas selected some of the heroic inci- gregationalist and Christian World dents from the history of missions in has gathered together in this attract- Oceania for his present volume. ive little volume a bundle of very There are the stories of Patteson in practical messages on every-day life Melanesia, Chalmers in New Guinea, and religion. They are short straight Damien and Kapiolani in Hawaii, talks on such topics as Luck, Begin- Calvert in Fiji and Paton in the New ning Again, Good Cheer, The Buried Hebrides. Life, Business, Easy Street, Snap Judgments etc. They are not in- The author does not give as full tended as studies in fundamentals, but and graphic description of incidents are calculated to start helpful lines of with lives of his heroes as the circum- thought and lead on to better living. stances merit. A more detailed account of some of the adventures would NEW BOOKS make the volume more attractive to young readers. The biographical THE BALANCE OF TRUTH (The Gospel for sketches are, however, forceful and Moslems). By Rev. C. G. Pfander, D.D. inspiring. 8vo. lOs, 6d, net. Religious Tract So- ciety, London. 1911. TRIUMFEN VAN HET KIWIS. Schetsen der Zending onder de Heidenen van aIle UNKNOWN PEOPLE IN AN UNKNOWN LAND. eenwen en aIlerei la'nden. Voor ons By W. Barbrooke Grubb. I2mo. Seeley HoIlandsch Volk geteekend door Henry & Co., London. 1911.

Beets. Met Afbeeldingen, 282 pages. J. DR. APRICOT OF HEAVEN BELOW (The Hang B. Hulst, Grand Rapids, Mich. Chow Medical Mission C. M.S.). By Kingston de Gruche. 8vo, 144 pages. The book, written in the Dutch lan- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1911. guage, is chiefly penned for the benefit of the members of the Christian THE NEXT TEN YEARS-A Centennial Reformed Church, of which the Address by Samuel B. Capen. American author is a prominent pastor and Board of Commissioners for Foreign editor, but it is of much interest to Missions, Boston. 1911. anyone who is able to understand the Dutch. Giving a brief history of the HENRY GRATTAN GUINNESS, D.D. Memo- rial Number of the Regions Beyond, London. January-February, 19II.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1910

OF THE MEN'S NATIONAL MISSIONARY CONGRESS-Chicago, May 3-6,1910

Tuesday, May 3. VII. Brotherhoods: I. Significance of the Brotherhood Movement. 3 P.M.-I. The Will of Christ for the World. 2. The Best Methods of Developing Lay Leaders. 2. A World-wide Purpose in the Life of a Chris- 3. The Brotherhood and Volunteer Preaching. 4. The Brotherhood Task in America. tian. 5. Will the Brotherhoods Back up a Missionary 7 :45 P.M.-I. Laymen and Missions. Policy? By What Method? 2. America's World-responsibility. 3. The Supreme Opportunity of Our Generation. VIII. Editors: I. Is the Denominational Missionary Periodical the Wednesday, May 4. Best Method of Disseminating Missionary News? rHE NATIONAL MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN 2. The Secular Press and Missionary News. 3. Are Our Religious Journals Meeting the IO A.M.-I. The Power of the Whole Appeal to Present Opportunity? the Whole Church. 4. How Provide Missionary News? 3 P.M. (Simultaneous Mass Meeting for Women.) 2. The Nation's Response to the National Cam- 7 A5 P.M.-I. Southern Asia. paign. 2. The Far East. 3. Africa and the Near East. 3. What Laymen Can Do for Missions. 4. Business System in Missionary Finance. Thursday, May 5. 5. The Spiritual Significance of the Campaign. IO A.M.-I. Stewardship of Life. 2. The Church's Need of a World-field. P.M. SECTIONAL CONFERENCES 3. The Nation's Power for Missions. 4. A Worthy National Missionary Policy. 1. Physicians and Surgeons: 3 P.M.-Conference of Congress Delegates on How I. The Unnecessary Burden of Suffering In the Non-Christian World. to Conserve and Extend the Influences of the 2. How Non-Christian Ideas and Practises Affect National Missionary Campaign. Life and Health. 3 P. M. (Simultaneous Meeting for Students.) 3. The Debt of Medical Science to Missions. 7 :45 P.M.-I. The Mission of Christian Nations 4. The Opportunity of the Medical Missionary. to the Non-Christian World. 2. Money and the Kingdom. II. Ministers: 3. Prayer and the Kingdom.

I. Spiritual Significance of Laymen's Movement. Friday, May 6. 2. How a Minister May Miss His Opportunity. 3. How Explain the Church's Failure. THREE IMMEDIATE DEMANDS 4. The Church the Force; the World the Field. IO A.M.-I. Christian Education in Non-Christian 5. How Can Laymen be Enlisted and Developed Lands. as Missionary Advocates and Organizers? 2. The Development of a Medical Profession in 6. The Power of the Vorld-appeal to Strong Men. the Far East. III. Church Officers: 3. The Impact of the West Upon the East Must 1. Features of a Standard Missionary Church. be Christianized. 2. The Responsibility of Church Officers. 3. What Policy Should Church Officers Adopt? CONFERENCES BY CHURCHES 4. What Financial Methods Produce the Best Re- 3 P.M.-(Simultaneous Mass Meeting for Women.) 7 :45 P.M.-I. Brief Reports from All Conferences. suits? 2. National Missionary Policy. 5. Reasons for Having a Separate Treasurer to 3. The Spiritual Equipment. 4. Christ, the Universal Savior. Handle the Missionary Funds. 5. The Hallelujah Chorus. 6. The Effect of an Adequate Policy on the SOME SPEAKERS EXPECTED Spiritual and Financial Life of the Church. Bishop Charles P. Anderson, Archbishop of the West Indies; Dr. George Alexander, Ambassador IV. Sunday-school Workers and Bible-class Teachers and Officers: Bryce, Dr. James L. Barton, Dr. Arthur J. Brown, Mr. Samuel B. Capen, Mr. Clement Chase, Dr. J. I. The Opportunity in Adult Bible Classes. 2. Practical Methods of Missionary Instruction. L.Dearing. Dr. O. S. Davis, Mr. George Sherwood 3. Advantages of Having All Sunday-school Of- Eddy, Dr. M. D. Eubank, Mr. R. H. Gardiner, Col. Elijah W. Halford, Dr. F. P. Haggard, Mr. Harry ferings Used for Missionary Purposes. Wade Hicks, Mr. Charles S. Holt, Dr. W. W. 4. The Contribution the Sunday-school May Make Keen, Dr. Howard A. Kelly, Dr. W. R. Lambuth, Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, Mr. William H. Lewis, to the Evangelization of the W orId. Dr. Ira Landrith, Mr. R. A. Long, Bishop William V. Business Men: F. McDowell, Mr. J. A. Macdonald, Dr. E. Y. Mullins, Mr. John R. Mott, Mr. Alfred E. Marling, I. Some Principles of Business that Have Appli- cation to the Missionary Enterprise. Mr. Silas H. McBee, Mr. George Wharton Pepper, Hon. F. W. Parker, Bishop William A. Quayle, 2. Opportunities for Business Men on Mission Bishop J. E. Robinson, Mr. Charles A. Rowland, Fields. Dr. Homer C. Stuntz, Mr. Villiam C. Stoever, Mr. Robert E. Speer, Dr. William Jay Schieffelin, Rev. 3· Business System in Missionary Finance. John Timothy Stone, Mr. L. H. Severance, Judge 4. The Art of Advertising Missions. Selden P. Spencer, Mr. John B. Sleman, Jr., Mr. 5. Vhat Business Men are Now Doing to Pro- S. Earl Taylor, Mr. J. Campbell White, Mr. Mornay mote Missions. 6. The Necessity of An Adequate Financial Basis. Williams, Mr. John W. Wood, Hon. T. H. Yun, 7. The Commercial and Economical Fruitage of Dr. S. M. Zwemer.

Missions.

VI. Lawyers: I. Some of the Flagrant Injustices of the Non- Christian World.

2. Interesting Legal Questions on Mission Fields. 3. Vhy Missions Appeal to Lawyers. 4. How Lawyers Can Promote Missions.

Carpenter-sh<>p, Anat<>lia, College, Turkey. 2. Breakfast at Girls' School, Madura

3~ Zulu preachers and assistants after servif:es in :1 co__pourw!~ 4. rest for .tuberculosis, Manepay Hospital. 5. Nurses in Woman's Hospital, UnduvjL ;ry.PlCAL .sCENES IN TliE MlSSlON.5 OF THE .AM.ER.lCAN .BOAII.U

fMiss{onary ~ev{ew

of the World Published by Funk nnd 'Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. 'V: VM~nall!'l, Yiee-Pres., Robi<rt J. Cuddih). TrElaA" Rob,;rt Scott. Sec'y), 4-l-6v E. :Wd St .• lf'W York VOL. XXXIII. No.5 MAY, I910 VOL. XXIII. No. 5 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES WORLD-WIDE UNREST memlous civil and religious dis- One of the signs of the times, and turbances of I793. Russia, for the very conspicuous, is the world-wide time quiet, seethes under the surface unrest. Never has this been more with antagonisms between the Czar general if not universal. If we begin and his people, and the Church and the at the Sunrise Kingdom and go west- lesser sects. When was ever England ward, we shall find almost, if not quite, and Great Britain generally more perevery nation in the sun's daily course plexed? a desperate struggle going on in a state of agitation bordering on between democracy and aristocracy, revolution. In Korea there is a des- socialism and imperialism. In the perate struggle for independence and United States the conflict between freedom from Japanese domination. labor and capital is keener than ever In Japan itself there is a conditiOI'l of and harder to bridge over by any mepractical bankruptcy, the nation con- diation or compromise. And so it is sumed with political ambition and all round the -circle. Much prayer is anxiety to assert and maintain su- needful that all this upturning and premacy on land and sea and yet too overturning may be controlled by the poor to risk further indebtedness and God of nations; human plans frusoutlay. China and Manchuria are trated when not in accord with His restive under the threatened aggres- plans, and that, amid all this worldsion of Russia and the spirit of reform wide commotion, the uplifting of manthat is like a liqnid at boiling-point. kind may surely come. India has not been so impatient and on the point of outbreak since the bat- WORLD-WIDE FEDERATION AND tle of Plassey. Turkey is only just CHURCH UNITY starting upon its new career and uncertain what new development to-mor- Amid all the arguments pro and row may bring; it is like a volcano con, from every land and every between two eruptions. Persia is in branch of the Church of Christ, there the very throes of revolution, with a are signs that a world-wide federation change of dynasty and an entire up- of Protestant missionary forces is beturning of government. And as in coming more and more assured. The Asia so in Europe. Italy is far from mIssIOnary revivals at home and being at rest; France is in much the abroad bring new enthusiasm that same condition as before the tre- challenges imitation in the kindred fields of evangelism and reform. Interdenominational societies are on the ideal which we seek. The ideal na- increase. The Young People's Mis- tional church may be divided on minor sionary Movements of many denom- points of faith and practise, but must inations have a union board for the be united in spirit and cooperative ef- preparation of missionary literature, fort to reach and raise the unsaved. and the unprecedented series of Laymen's Missionary Movement meetings The form of baptism, or any other is managed by another union board. of the ordinances of the Church, the The North American Protestant mis- method of church government or sionary societies have also voted for a forms of worship, are not essential so federation with similar unions in con- long as there is the baptism of the tinental Europe and in the British Holy Spirit, the evidences of a Christ- Empire. Why should not the world like life and heartfelt worship of God. be looked upon as one great field and the army of Christ's followers as one Episcopalians must not insist on great army to be used most effectively the necessity of apostolic succession or and economically in the world-wide Episcopal government; Baptists must campaign? not deny the validity of forms of bap- tism which God manifestly accepts; Is it too much to hope and expect Congregationalists, Presbyterians and that before many years each nation will Methodists must be so filled with the have a united Church of Christ, rep- idea of loyalty to Christ and the unresenting Him to their unconverted doubted essentials of His gospel that fellow countrymen? The movement they will not have time to dispute or toward federation and union is steadily insist on minor details of faith and advancing in the mission fields. A practise. The points we all hold in writer in The Chinese Recorder tes- common are the essentials of saving tifies to the belief that "next to the faith. Christ is our common center, foundation work of evangelizing the and the nearer we are to Him the Chinese nation, the outstanding work nearer we will be to each other. of the missionary enterprise is to help forward the unity of the Christian A REMARKABLE DEMONSTRA. Church." Many questions which af- TION IN BERLIN fect the churches in the home lands, and which stand in the way of a full From Germany, for many years the and frank understanding of the whole stronghold of rationalism, of dequestion, are eliminated in mission structive higher criticism, and of infields. At the same time the forces fidelity, comes the report of a recent that draw Christians together are more remarkable religious demonstration. powerfully operative on the frontier, This was directly caused by a bitter where a great task calls for united infidel attack upon Christianity. A energy. short time ago the well-known un- believing Professor Drews, of Berlin, NOT UNIFORMITY attacked the reality and historicity of Jesus Christ in an address delivered Of course, those who study the sub- before the "Monist Club." Jews and ject thoughtfully know that uni- infidels heartily applauded the proformity in creed or practise is not the fessor and made so much noise that it almost seemed as if few believers

OF THE TIMES 32

in Christ were to be found in the Ger- meeting seems to us the attitude of man capital. But that noise awakened the thousands who at its opening the sleeping believers and caused them crowded the streets around the Circus to rally for a religious demonstration Busch. As soon as it became known larger than has ever before been wit- that this multitude could not gain adnessed in Berlin. mission to the Circus, an attempt was made to rent one of the immense halls After a number of smaller protest- (the Fairy Palace) in the neighbormeetings had been held, the "Positive- hood. It could not be had, and sud- Church Association for the Advance- denly the thousands quietly went ment of Evangelical Life in Berlin" toward the royal palace and speedily called a mass-meeting of believing crowded the wide Lustgarten in front Christians to the great Circus Busch of it. Luther's hymn, "A Mighty for February 20. Large red placards Fortress is Om God," was sung with .the inscription "Jesus Lives," in throughout. Then the president of heavy type, and an announcement of the Y. M. C. A., von Rothkirch, took the proposed meeting adorned the of- the reins of the improvised meeting ficial advertising columns, found at into his hands and offered a most ferthe street-corners, for several days be- vent prayer. In the meantime one of fore the set date. Programs, widely the speaker!! of the meeting held in the distributed, announced as the one sub- Circus Busch arrived and made a ject to be discust the direct statement deeply spiritual address, standing upon "Jesus lives," adding as subdivisions, the steps of the great cathedral which (I) The Word of God proves it; (2) flanks the Lustgarten. Another of personal religious experience affirms the stirring German hymns was sung it; (3) public life shows it; (4) the by more than 20,000 voices, and after Church stands and falls with the that a deeply devotional hymn ("So living Christ; (5) let us hold fast our mimm denn meine Hinde"). The profession! impression which it created was mar- velous. Tears were in the eyes of al- 'When the clay of the mass-meeting most everyone as the multitude thus arrived, the immense Circus Busch, sang and prayed, "Guide me, until my which easily accommodates 8,000 peo- end, forever." As the last words were ple, was (according to the police es- sounding the great doors of the timates) crowded by 12,000 an hour cathedral were thrown open and, still before the time of opening, while the singing, the multitude entered and surrounding streets were filled with quickly filled every corner of the thousands who were unable to gain spacious building. The seats usually admittance. The chairman of the reserved for princes, or nobles, or meeting was Police Commissioner members of the German Parliament, Baron von Loebel1. The speakers were occupied by men of humble stawere some of the most prominent tion. The laborer and the merchant, ministers and laymen of Berlin, and the rich and the poor, the educated and a most impressive testimony was given the uneducated, mingled togetherto the deity of Jesus Christ and His all one in Christ Jesus. Yet, tho every atoning death as the foundation of available space in the house of God Christianity.

More important than this mass-

was occupied, four-fifths of those who hundred such peace palaces! The had assembled in the Lustgarten were Peace Society of New York City has unable to find admittance, and re- been sending forth its solemn trumpet- luctantly returned to their homes, re- blast to call attention to the contrast joicing that by their very presence between peace expenditure and war ex- they had testified that from personal penditure, urging the public to scruti- experience they knew that "Jesus nize with great care the proposed ap- lives." In the cathedral an improvised propriations for army and navy, not meeting of thanksgiving and praise only in the interest of economy but of was held, at which Court Chaplains, humanity. Drs. Dryander and Ohly, and other speakers, addrest the multitude and ex- The eight years' increase In such prest the gratitude of every believer to military appropriations has cost the Him who had made possible a demon- American people over one thousand stration of such magnitude and depth. millions of dollars! The average cost Finally all arose and repeated the of army and navy for the eight years creed together with loud voice. preceding the Spanish War (r890- 1898) was $51,5°0,000; for the eight The German daily press, which gen- following (1902-I91O), $I85,4OO,000; erally takes little interest in religious average annual increase in the latter matters, recognized the im'portance of decade, as compared with the former, this popular demonstration at once as $I34,o00,000; and a total increase in a sign of religious and spiritual life. eight years of $I,072,000,000, or 360 The religious papers, greatly en- per cent! couraged by it, saw in it a proof that the German masses arc not as This eight-year increase is shown to much tainted with infidelity and ra- -exceed the national debt by $r58,000,- tionalism as is commonly supposed. 000; the entire United States budget We do not doubt that a demonstration for I91O; to be three times the esof such magnitude will do much to timated cost of the Panama Canal; to strengthen those Germans whose faith :;uffice to exterminate tuberculosis has been undermined by the influence within a reasonable period; or disof destructive criticism. May it be the tribute to every family over a dollar a beginning of a great religious revival week. Such a sum as marks one throughout Europe! year's increase could double the en- tire gifts to charities and public bene- THE MENACE OF MILITARISM factions. The expenditures the next How many realize the dominance in twelve 1110nths will, however, be our day of the war spirit, disguised greater than even this year, and what in the cloak of a peace measure! The is caIled "an armed peace" is getting preparation of engines of destruction enormously more costly than even deand the maintenance of great standing structive wars. armies and navies are said to be preventives of conflict and therefore The cost of building and repairjustifiable. While we build a peace ing one battleship, for its life from palace at The Hague for arbitration, dock-yard to rubbish-heap, coulc! we are constructing battleships, the pay for building rAoo churches cost of one of which might build a at $20,000 each; fifty such would suffice to give a dollar's worth of

19ro] SIGNS OF THE

religious literature to every human punish or control criminals three and being. Comparisons, however, only a half million dollars a day, or $1,373,- hint at the enormous amount of money 000,000 annually.

sunk in this craze for more battleships. Still more startling is the fact that The very competition makes them the proportion of crimes of violence is out of date almost before their C0111- steadily and rapidly on the increase.

pletion. Destructive invention so im- There are four and a half times more proves upon their design that they are murders per million for the population sometimes practically useless soon in the United States than twenty years after being launched; what seems per- ago. And this is our boasted fect when planned becomes defective twentieth-century civilizatiop with its when manned; and so, while the world new brotherhood of man!

perishes for lack of bread, we go on A gifted writer, in one of our pop- devising schemes and instruments of ular periodicals, apologizes for dis- death for dealing out bullets and balls honesty and perfidy on the ground of by the wholesale; and instead of the flexibility of moraJ standards.

priding ourselves on the righteous- What is considered dishonesty in one ness which exalteth a nation, we boast age or era is not in another. Men do of. the impregnability of our defenses wrong things,. either believing them to and the destructiveness of our weapons be right or, at best, not viewing them of war! And this is progress! as wrong! Such is this writer's con- How mt1st the Almighty God, who tention, and it is his way of account- made the world and created mankind ing for the marvelous advance of of every nation and color, look on crimes of fraud, graft, peculation, these plans and preparations of men maladministration, and other forms of to destroy one another. How does fashionable robbery! Legislators take Jesus Christ, the Savior of the worlel, bribes and vote accordingly, because view this use of money and power bribery is the regular way of paying which by rights belongs to Him. 11:en a man an honorarium for his inves- who claim to desire the advancement tigation of the merits of a cause or of the Kingdom of God advocate the case and his intelligent patronage and expenditure of more money on one support. An insurance officer avails battleship by one nation than is given himself of his position to enrich him- by the whole Protestant world for the self with the funds entrusted to his sending out of missionaries of the management, and is 110t to blame be- kingdom in a whole year! Our view cause such is the almost universal cus- of Christianity needs revlsll1g or tom! We are left to infer that there is money and power will be taken from no fixt ethical standard, but every man us and given to more faithful stewards. does as the usage of his day sanctions.

If these are the current notions and THE APPALLING COST OF CRIME opinions of our day and "Christian A correspondent of a Chicago daily commonwealth," some of us would gives statistics to show that in Amer- prefer China, where higher standards ica 200 lives are sacrificed every week of ethics prevail. We can easily un- to violence, and that the entire republic derstand the increase of all sorts of pays for its crimes and its efforts to criminality, whether of the coarser or

more refined type, if it is coming to adequate plan for making Christ be understood that the Ten Com- known to the whole world in our genmandments are not to be regarded as eration. The men of every State in graven on imperishable stone as im- the Union have exprest themselves mutabl~, but written on tablets of wax with a unanimity and depth of convic-. to be refashioned or obliterated alto- tion that could never be called forth gether at the caprice of a loose moral except in behalf of a tremendous sentiment. Weare not sure that we cause, and under the impulse of the do not need missionaries at home to mighty working of the Spirit of God. mold anew the conscience of our people, and settle afresh the eternal basis It is most important that earnest, of right and wrong. continued prayer be offered continu- ously for blessing upon the coming What is needed in this and every congress. It will no doubt be the most land is the adoption of the standards representative and potential convenof righteousness and truth given in tion ever assembled on this continent. God's Word. Compromise and the The forty-five hundred available seats adoption of flexible human standards in the Auditorium have been allotted can not fail to bring disaster. to the evangelical churches of the United States in proportion to their THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY membership and missionary contribu- CONGRESS tions, thus guaranteeing a propor- tionate representation from every The national campaign to arouse the church and from every part of the namen of America to a sense of their re- tion. It will be the privilege of a lifesponsibility and opportunity for world- time to be a member of this (onwide missions is to be held in Chicago, gress.* The national missionary policy May 3-6. At this congress the re- adopted at this congress should mark sults of the campaign are to be gath- a new era in the history of Chrisered up. Let all friends of Christ tianity. unite in prayer that the congress may be wisely guided, spirit-filled, and THE INDIRECT INFLUENCE OF producti..-e of lasting results. CHRISTIANITY Mr. Campbell White says that Dr. Zwemer, the Arabian missionary, the most important thing in Amer- calIs attention to the singular indirect ican history this year is the changing influence of Christian ideas, and even conviction of the nation concerning phraseology, upon the religious life its religious obligations to mankind. and literature of opposing cults by a "In this process the very character of remarkable example. In Lahore, at American Christianity is being rad- the Moslem Book and Tract Reposically changed. When a man or a itory, a Mohammedan manual of nation becomes conscious of world- prayer has adopted word for word the relationships and responsibilities, a opening confession of the Anglican new life has begun." Liturgy, substituting "Allah" for "God." "Almighty and most merciful From Maine to California, at AlIah, we have erred and strayed from seventy-five great conventions and thousands of secondary meetings, * All desiring to attend should apply first to the Christian men of all denominations secretary of their own Foreign Mission Board. have endorsed a comprehensive and

OF THE

Thy ways like lost sheep," etc., exactly acquainted with Islam and its fol- adopting the language of the English lowers will have grave doubts if its prayer-book. high-sounding phrases are seriously Some one well says that the differ- meant. The same high priest who is- ence between India and its religions sued the edict condemned to death two and America and its Christianity is Mohammedan priests a short time ago, largely this: that in India the religious because they had accepted Christ system represents the worst and the through the instrumentality of a mis- life of the people the best that the na- sionary of the German Orient Mis- tive faiths can produce; whereas in sion. Both had to flee from Turkey America the religious system repre- and were baptized in Potsdam, Ger- sents the best and the popular life the many, where they are now members of worst aspect of Christianity. In other the faculty of the newly founded words, in Oriental lands the better training school of the German Orient classes of the people rise above their Mission for Missionaries among Mo- religious cults and despite the unholy hammedans. Thus it remains to be doctrines they contain and the impure seen if the edict means really what it practises they sanction; but in Chris- says, and if it will influence the wild tian lands the religious system is al- fanaticism of the followers of the ways infinitely above the best of those false prophet, should it be seriously who embrace it, and holds it; own meant. Prejudices, antipathies, and despite the imperfect and inconsistent fanaticism, both racial and religious, character and conduct of its adherents. can not be removed by the word of A REMARKABLE MOSLEM EDICT mere man. It takes the power of the Holy Spirit to overcome them, and A short time ago the high priest, man must become a new creature in together with the Ulema Council, the Christ Jesus before he can love his , highest authority of Islam, issued a neighbor as himself.

most remarkable edict addrest to all WOMAN'S ADVANCE IN CHINA Mohammedans throughout the world.

It contains statements like the follow- When Christ begins to uplift a race ing: "The Constitutional Government the evidence of it is seen in the position (i.e., in Turkey) is in harmony with and education of woman. In the the tenets of Islam" ; and "True Chris- great land of China woman is still tians and Mohammedans worship the ignorant and enslaved to man. Men- same true God, and they are therefore tally, morally and physically she is still brethren. Sincere Christians have a near the bottom of the ladder-but a right to a seat in paradise also. Equal- change is coming and has, in fact, al- ity and fraternity between Christians, ready become evident. A new style Mohammedans, and Jews must be em- of woman is appearing, with unbound phasized by Mohammedanism and feet, with face washed from the old- practised by all true followers of -the time paint and powder, with the im- prophet." pulse and the admitted right to take This edict, standing alone in the her place beside the men 'of her family whole history of Mohammedanism, and acquaintance in social and in- sounds most remarkable, but anyone tellectual life.

Perhaps the most evident change has is at the forefront of America's battles been in the line of woman's education. and discoveries. A big black negro Thirty years ago there was not even stood beside the discoverer of the the simplest classic for them; now the N"orth Pole. President Taft is recomroad to highest education is opening. mending a negro exposition in 19I3, to The very men who a generation ago show how the race has progrest in wished to keep them in subjection now half a century of freedom. All over demand they shall be like their West- the South the whites are encouraging ern sisters. the blacks to become educated and to succeed. No one objects to the edu- "A cry comes froJl1 all over China cated negro nowadays, because the for teachers, for women who know," negro race is over the silly period says a writer in rVoman's Work. "This which it went through thirty years need offers perhaps the greatest op- ago. Social service-service of the portunity for American young women head, service of the hand, service of that exists anywhere, for the Chinese the heart-is now his motto. He are willing to pay for English, for doesn't think that labor, that work, is music, for anything. It is decreed that degrading any more. There are 14,000 their women must be enlightened." negro brick- and stone-masons in the South. There are 10,000 stationary Another sign of progress in China engineers. Forty-seven per cent of is seen in the new official Chinese al- our race can read and write. One of manac, which contains for the first our Tuskegee graduates has just been time in its history the Christian Sun- put in charge of a plantation of 3,000 day as well as the Chinese holy days. acres of land, it having been found that educated negroes can get more NEGRO PROGRESS IN AMERICA work out of negro laborers than white men. The American Indians cost the At a great meeting in Carnegie Hall, United States Government $10,000,- Booker T. Washington told of the 000 a year. But the negroes have work for the negro race. Tuskegee never cost the Government a cent." Institute has now over eighty buildings, in which 1,500 pupils are Dr. Riley, of Alabama, showed by taught everything needful for statistics the progress made by the practical life and work, from arith- colored people of the South since their metic to farming and engineering; and emancipation. He said: "The negro they represent thirty-five States and TJegan without a penny in his pocket, nineteen foreign countries. Altogether without a loaf of bread, without an there are about 167 instructors and inch of land which he could call his helpers. The institution was founded own, without a shelter over his head, thirty years ago and has sent out more with no idea of home, and yet within than 6,000 men and women. The less than forty-five years he has work costs $250,000 a year, and a bought and paid for 200,000 plantascholarship of $50 will support a stu- tions, has built for himself 400,000 dent for one year. The present en- homes, has 10,000 stores, and fifty dowment reaches $1,000,000, and it is banks operated by negroes and condesired, if possible, to increase this to $3,000,000. Mr. Washington said: duct~d on negro capital. His taxable "The negro race is not dying out. property amounts to $600,000,000." It is increasing every year. The negro

SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA UPON

UNITED STATES AND CANADA * BY ROBERT E. SPEER, M.A., NEW YORK That the United States and Canada derstand the grounds of their convic- are under a deep obligation to Latin tion, and I desire plainly and earnest- America is a conviction held by every ly to set forth in brief some of those Canadian and American whom I have grounds.

met who has seen at first hand the But, in order that there may be no condition of the Latin-American lands. misapprehension, there are several pre- This last year in' South America I met liminary observations to be made. In scores of men from these two coun- the first place, in setting forth the tries-men of no religion at all, facts, especially of South America, we churchmen – Roman, Anglican and are not animated by any sentiment of Lutheran-merchants, consuls, min- hostility or by any lack of sympathy isters and ship captains, and in the for the Roman Catholic Church. We whole company, numbering men who believe that that church is in error, have traveled over all parts of South just as it believes that we are in error, America and lived there for many and as doubtless some day we our- years, we did not talk on the subject selves shall discover that we have been with one man who did not believe in error, as we hope that it also will that the United States and Canada are be disillusioned. But we believe that under a real debt of moral and re- that church, even in Latin America, ligious obligation to Latin America, as holds, in part, the saving truth, and well .as under a duty of commercial in- we are not willing to be driven into tercourse. any attitude of hostility or lack of sym- There is something very significant pathy or prejudice with regard to it.

about this. Many of us have traveled We will not say of it what all over in Asia or have met men who have South America it is saying of us. In traveled there, and we know that it is the catechism, for example, of Canon almost impossible to get on a ship Jose Ramon Saavedra, approved by crossing the Pacific or on a ship going the University of Chile and by the through Suez, or to stop in anyone Archbishop of Santiago and used for of the ports of Asia, without meeting many years by the priests in the public many men of our own race who do not schools of Chile, occurs the ques- believe that Protestant missions to the tion: Asiatic peoples are legitimate. They "Why do you say that the doctrines are wrong, but this is their view. I taught by Protestants are unholy?" have not met all this year one man of The answer in the catechism is: our own race who denied the legit- "Because they counsel a person to sin imacy of Christian missions to Latin as much as possible to make salvation America. And having seen now in the more sure, they say that good some measure the conditions that pre- works are rather a hindrance to en- vail there and heard the candid decla- tering heaven."

rations of the frank-spoken people of "Is it not a false teaching of our South America, themselves, I can un- religion," the catechism goes on, "that * An address delivered before tbe Student Volunteer Convention, at Rochester, N. Y., December 31, 1909. Reprinted by permission of the Student Volunteer Movement. In the original address tbere was quoted a letter from the pope to the clergy in Chile, in 1897. This letter has been declared by Roman Catholic papers to be spurious, and is omitted here, while its authenticity is being investigated. If {eund to be genuine, it will be published later. The letter of the Archbishop of Venezuela, alao de- Dounced by lome as spurious, is Indisputably authentic.

outside of the Catholic Church there Christian organizations, that we may is no salvation?" see in each nation one great national Church of Christ, and that on those The answer is: "Nothing is more national Christian churches there may reasonable than this principle." be built up the one universal Church, just as on distinctly developed po- We will not be provoked into any such attitude regarding the great re- ligious organization which for three litical nationalities will be built up the hundred years has dominated the one great federation of humanity.

South American peoples. But I desire to add that such sen- The Papal Church timents of good will and spiritual sym- pathy for the good in the Roman In the second place, we are not Catholic Church must not be aIlowed speaking of the Roman Catholic to blind us to the obvious facts that Church in the United States and are to be found in all of Latin-Amer- Canada and Europe. I have no first- ica. Wherever there is mortal need, hand knowledge regarding the condi- deep and real mortal need, there is a tions in Europe; but, regarding the spiritual obligation upon the Church Church in our own country, I believe of Christ. It does not matter what our that it is a great religious force; that ecclesiastical theories may be; it does it holds, with us, the fundamental not matter what our sympathies may truth of the deity of our Lord; and be. The plain questions are, What are that to no other body should the con- the facts of moral, intellectual and re- ditions in South America appeal more ligious need to be found in the Latin- strongly. American lands? and, Is the Roman I desire to say, in the third place, Church meeting or striving to meet that we are not of those who believe this need?

that the South American Church is Civilization in Latin America necessarily to be warred against and destroyed. We do not anticipate the I want to say also that we are not destruction of the great Church that to be misled by the idea that Latin has existed all these hundreds of years America is satisfied with its civiliza- in South America. The polemical at- tion or that the people of Latin Amer- titude toward that church has accom- ica know the name of Jesus Christ. It plished less than any other attitude, is not satisfied with its condition. Are either to set up evangelical churches we satisfied with ours? If civiliza- in South America or to purify the tion is a purely commercial matter, Roman Catholic body itself. We an- then there are parts of Latin America ticipate the cleansing of that great or- which are more highly civilized than ganization. For myself, I hope and Europe, and there are other parts expect that I or my children will see which are not. All the foreign trade the day when everywhere that great . of Ecuador and Colombia and Vene- church will be purified and reformed mela and Paraguay added together is and break up into national organiza- not equal to the foreign trade of the tions, and when it will become possible one ruined nation of Persia, so that on to make these national organizations such a definition of civilization that coalesce, with the other national part of South America is I;1.ot civilized,

SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA 33

But if making money and shipping ing the name of Christ. It is a matter goods constitutes civilization, then the of knowing Christ and the living Argentine Republic is, I suppose, the power of Christ; and those people are most civilized land in the world. The not less unfortunate who know the average exports per capita in the Ar- name of Christ and have been led to gentine Republic are sixty dollars. associate it with a false ideal of Him The average exports in the United than those who have never known States are about twenty-five dollars. that name at all and who come with On the basis of exports, if that con- unconfused minds to hear the message stitutes civilization, the Argentine is of His gospel.

two and a half times as civilized as we Now having said so much by way are. The Argentine RepUblic, I said, of clearing these misapprehensions had exports of sixty dollars per capita. from our view, I want to state as di- The average per capita exports of the rectly as I can some of the grounds on Chinese Empire are less than fifty which our spiritual obligation to tIre cents. All the exports of the Chinese Latin-American people rests.

Empire combined are only 188 mil- The Intellectual Need lions of dollars. If the Chinese Em- pire had exports per capita equal to In the first place, South America- those of the Argentine Republic, it I shall speak especially of South wOltld be exporting every year not 188 America-taken as a whole, is a con- millions but 25,000 millions of dollars. tinent of great intellectual need, evi- All the exports of the Empire of Japan denced in the prevailing ignorance and are only ZII millions. If Japan had illiteracy among the masses of the per capita the same export trade that people. There is a highly intelligent the Argentine Republic has, its annual class in South America and the best exports would not be 2II million but men of these lands are loudest in 3,000 million dollars. The Argentine their assertion and lamentation of Republic has a foreign trade almost these facts. They can be made real as great as the foreign trade of the to us by home comparisons better than whole African continent. But civiliza- in any other way. The average il- tion is not a !.patter of export trade. literacy in the American nation is ten Civilization is not to be defined in per cent and a fraction over. If you commercial terms. And no South add to that number all the children American nation realizes more deeply under ten years of age who are out of than the Argentine its need of the school, you will have a total illiteracy moral and intellectual elements which in the United States of about sixteen enter into civilization, or is seeking per cent. According to the last of- more earnestly to supply them. ficial census, the proportion of il- Neither are we to be misled by the literacy in the Republic of Brazil was fact that Latin America knows the eighty-five per cent. In the Argentine name of 01rist. So do the students RepUblic it is fifty per cent among of India know the name of Jesus those over six years of age; in Chile, Christ. So does the whole Moham- according to the official census, it is medan world know the name of Jesus sixty per cent; in Bolivia, according Christ. It is not a question of know- to the Statesmen's Year Book, it is

eighty per cent among those over ten thirteen per cent of the population of years of age. Now you may take the Japan. In other words, about four most illiterate State in the United times as large a proportion of the States; I mean the State of Louisiana, American population are in school as which is so illiterate because of the of the entire population of South great mass of ignorant negro citizens, America. The educational leaders of and the average illiteracy of the State South America bewail such condi- of Louisiana is thirty-eight per cent. tions. In other words, Louisiana, charging against it all the ignorance of its great It will bring it to us a little more di~ black population, has less illiteracy rectly to put the illustrations in a still than any country in South America. more concrete form. The Argentine And even the most ignorant part of is one of the most intelligent and ad- Louisiana-I mean the negroes- vanced countries in South America. averages only sixty-one per cent of Compare it for a moment with the illiteracy, which makes the darkest sec- State of New York, which is just tion of America-these negroes of about equivalent to it in population. Louisiana-more literate than many of In the Argentine there are 15,000 the South American republics, in spite school-teachers; in the State of New of the high intelligence of their lead- York there are 40,000. In the Ar- ing classes, who can not bear the gentine there are 550,000 pupils in the weight of the great popular ignorance. schools; in the State of New York We can put it more concretely in one there are 1,400,000. With the same simple parallel. In the year 1901, population there are three times as seventy out of everyone hundred con- many teachers and three times .as many scripts in the Chilean army were il- students in the schools in the State literate. In 1904, out of every twenty- of New York as there are in the whole five hundred recruits for the German of the Argentine, and the average il- army, one was illiterate. literacy of the State of New York is five per cent and the average illiteracy Or consider the fact in another as- of the Argentine Republic is fifty per pect. When we were in southern cent. Or compare, once again, the Re- Brazil, there appeared in one of the public of Bolivia with the State of papers; the leading paper of southern Minnesota. The population is about Brazil, an article lamenting the edu- the same. The conglomerate condi- cational backwardness of the Latin- tions of the populations are not un- American lands, which pointed out like. There is just about as large an that only nine per cent of the popula- immigrant population in Minnesota as tion of the Argentine was at school, there is an Indian population in Bo- and that this was the best-educated livia. Compare the educational situa- land in South America; only five per tion of the two States: eighty per cent . cent of the people of Chile; only three of illiteracy in Bqlivia, four per cent of per cent of the people of Brazil, and illiteracy in the State of Minnesota; three per cent of the people of Peru. 1,300 teachers in Bolivia, 14,000 teach- Nineteen per cent of the American ers in Minnesota; 50,000 pupils in population are in school, fifteen per Bolivia, 438,000 in the State of Min- cent of the population of Germany, nesota. Or compare the Republic of

SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA

Venezuela with the State of Iowa, two are two million pupils in the schools; sections of about the same population: in Japan there are six millions. In 1,700 teachers in Venezuela, 30,000 other words, comparing Japan with teachers in Iowa; 36,000 pupils in the the whole of South America, there are whole Republic of Venezuela, and three times as many teachers and three 562,000 in the one State of Iowa. If times as many pupils in its schools as you say I have been picking out the in all the republics of South America darkest sections of South America combined. We have scores of misand contrasting them with the bright- sion-schools in the one Empire of est sections of the United States, I Japan. If our missionary educational could reply that Argentine is one of institutions are justified, as they are the. brightest parts of South America; abundantly, in Japan, they are threebut take, if you will, on the same level, fold more justified, on the face of these New Mexico and Paraguay. New facts themselves, in the great continent Mexico has only two-thirds of the pop- of Latin America. If we owe our help ulation of Paraguay. It has ten per to Japan, we owe it also to our neighcent more pupils in its schools and boring continent bound to us by intwenty per cent more public school- numerable friendly bonds, and seeking teachers. our brotherly help in dealing with a great need. It has some good institu- Consider further the money spent tions, and higher educational systems, on educational systems here and' there. but it welcomes and needs our aid in I read in a paper the other day Presi- shaping character and in meeting the dent Butler's latest report of Colum- deep intellectual requirements of its bia University, and observed that the great masses. tuition fees for Columbia University for one year amounted to more than The Moral Evil the whole sum which the Chilean Government was spending in its ,budget on In the second place, our spiritual obthe education of three and a quarter ligation to Latin America rests not million people. I picked up a few days only on its deep intelIectual need, but afterward the report of President also on its deep and conscious need of Schurman of Cornell, and saw that help in its fierce battle with moral evil. the income of Cornell University for I desire to state not opinions but facts. four months expended on the work of According to the last Government the university was larger than the ex- census of Brazil, eighteen per cent of penditure of the Peruvian Government the population was. illegitimate; acon the education of three and a half cording to the Statesman's Year Book, million people for a whole year. twenty-seven per cent of the popula- tion of Uruguay; according to Cur- Or pass by the tedium of concrete tis's book on Ecuador, fifty per cent illustration and consider the total edu- of the population of that republic; accational effort of the whole continent. cording to the Bolivian military regis- All South America together has just ter, taking the proportion from ranabout the population of Japan. In dom pages, thirty-eight and a half per South America there are 43,000 cent; according to the estimate of Dr. school-teachers; in Japan there are Renzoti, curator of the Central Uni- 133,000. In all South America there

versity of Caracas, than whom there all the young men who come down is no higher authority in Venezuela, here to teach that they must leave be- for Venezuela the figures were sixty- hind them any great hope of working eight and eight-tenths per cent. The any moral transformation in the charshadow of that heritage rests on only acter of these boys. I have worked six per cent of British blood, rests on among them for years and I have alonly seven per cent of French blood; most given up hope. I like them. it rests on between twenty-five and They have, many of them, fine qualififty per cent of the blood of South ties, but in the matter of purity I de- America. And if one says, as he may spair." I asked a friend from China truly say, that some allowance must the other day what was the proportion be made for many men and women of students in his college of whom he who live faithfully together without could say that they were leading ever having been legally married, the morally clean and unsullied lives. He reply is that while that abates a little said he believed that in the college in the darkness of the moral stain, it China from which he came perhaps flings the responsibility back on the fifty per cent of the students were men great instit.ution which is responsible whose lives were morally untainted. for the fact of their not having been Perhaps he erred in his estimate, but married. In so far as you relieve in if there is need on moral grounds for this way the moral situation you re- maintaining missions in the Chinese lieve it only by deepening the evidence Empire, as there indubitably is, or for of religious need. pure religion in the United States, I believe there is need also in South And one can not leave the matter America. with a reference only to these naked mathematical facts. Mr. Hale de- If religion has nothing to do with clares in his book on South America, morals, if religion has no connection "Male chastity is practically unknown. whatever with a clean life, then we There is a tone of immorality running can save ourselves the trouble of through all South American life." But carrying religion into Latin America, there are chaste men and they mourn or elsewhere. But if religion is inmost deeply the condition which they dissolubly connected with a life that .are the first to describe to you. I keeps itself unspotted from the world, asked men in various cities where there is need of our carrying our gosthere were students, men who knew pel down into Latin America as truly the students of South America, some as of spreading it in our own land or of them students themselves, what of carrying it over into Asia. And their experience had been regarding the worst of it all is the fact that in the moral phase of student life. All Latin America the lips which should these men said that they could count be the first to speak in rebuke of unin too small numbers the students cleanness are silent and the lives which whom they knew who were living un- should be themselves the models of sullied moral lives. One man not a purity and holiness-I mean the lives missionary, who had been teaching for of the religious teachers of South years in a South American school, told America-are, not always we can me : "I think you ought to explain to thank God, but too often, the very

THE SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA

lives that are appealed to by those who lect easy-going confessors who pass wish to live themselves the corrupt and over everything and then give absoluthe decadent life. tion; and there are not wanting others whose confession is nothing more than One would hesitate to express this a sad routine practised between one judgment on any other authority than sin and another, to their own decepthe highest in the South American tion-well known is the life they lead, churches. I have here the last pas- and where it will end." toralletter of the Archbishop of Venezuela to the clergy throughout the Re- The priest who took us around the public of Venezuela printed in full in great school of some French fathers the leading paper in Caracas. In the in one city in South America told the section of his pastoral letter on chas- man who introduced me to him, in tity, these are the words that he uses: answer to his question, that he thought about one-half of their priests in Chile An Archbishop'. Letter were men who were leading clean, moral lives. We will believe that there "Scandal in the parish or town were more. But we asked a priest in takes on unmeasured proportions: the Colombia who made a long journey dishonored priest is lost once for all, with us, how many priests he knew the enemies of the church triumph be- who were clean and pure men; and he cause of the shameful fall, and good said that out of the eighteen priests souls retire to groan in secret and to whom he knew intimately, there was cry to the Lord to free them from this only one who was leading a clean abomination. And even if the sin is moral life. If there is need of carryhidden, yet is it revealed through every ing the gospel to Japan-and there is guise in the dead parish, the deserted the deepest need, as men like Count church, in the tiresome preaching, un- Okuma and Baron Mayajima have fruitful works of mere routine, with- told us, on moral grounds-if there out fervor or piety, in the house -of the is need of carrying the gospel to priest, who breathes only a worldly at- China, if there is need in the United mosphere; in his reading, in his oc- States, there is need also of carrying cupations and the tedium at the things the gospel to South America. If we of God. Why do we note the sudden are excused from carrying the gospel spiritual decline of a priest who until to South America, we are excused yesterday was active and devout? from carrying the gospel to the Chi- Why do we see him destroying little nese Empire, which, on moral grounds, by little that which promised to be a is as well able to get along without fruitful apostolate, but now ap- the living and the cleansing Christ as proaches mysterious and mournful South America or ourselves. ruin? Ah! if we could penetrate the veil of his secret life, we should know Their Direct Appeal. that the one cause of this humiliating and opprobrious decay is in nothing In the third place, our spiritual obother than the hidden corruption of ligation to the Latin-American lands his heart and life. . . . And yet there rests upon the appeal which these are priests who only rarely go to con- lands are making to us for the help fession, and others who never con- which they know can come to them fess at all! There are those who se-

only from without. From the very women who could come out to estab- beginning the best men in the Latin~ lish normal-schools to train the teach- American lands have desired this help. ers for the Argentine. In 1882, Presi- I was reading the other day part of dent Barrios of Guatemala requested a speech made by Alberdi, one of the the Presbyterians to open a mission in great Argentine publicists, in the days Guatemala, and offered to payout of of the struggle over the question of re- his own pocket the expense of bringligious toleration in South America. ing the first missionaries there. In "South America," he said, "reduced to 1884, President Rosa of the Argentine, Catho.1icism with the exclusion of any at a great Protestant celebration in other cult represents a solitary and si- Buenos Ayres, attributed to the inlent convent of monks. The dilemma fluence of missionaries a large part of is fatal-either Catholic and unpopu- the progress that the Argentine Related or populated and prosperous and public had made and besought them tolerant in the matter of religion. To to increase the field of their operations invite the Anglo-Saxon race and the and to enlarge their zeal. I read peoples of Germany, Sweden and while in South America the report of Switzerland and to deny them the ex- the debate in the House of Deputies ercise of their worship is to offer them of the Republic of the Argentine over a sham hospitality and to exhibit a the question as to whether they should false liberalism. To exclude the dis- subsidize what are known as the Arsenting cults is to exclude the Eng- gentine Evangelical School's. Those lish, the Germans and' Swiss and the are the schools of one of the most re- North Americans who are not Catho- markable men I met in South Amerlics; that is to say, the inhabitants ica, the Rev. William C. Morris of the whom this continent most needs. To Church of England. He has gathered b~ing them without their cult is to seven thousand little waifs off the bring them without the agent which streets of the city of Buenos Ayres. makes them what they are, and to Single-handed he has built up agencies compel them to live without religion to train those seven thousand little, or become atheists." The best senti- ignorant, neglected children. The Arment of South America has taken that gentine Republic recognized the value attitude from the beginning. Some of what he was doing, and against the governments are willing to pay money protest of a bishop deputy the Argennow for immigrants from other lands. tine Congress voted a subsidy and is And it is not only for immigration, voting now fifty thousand dollars a including Protestant immigration, that year to maintain those Argentine Evanthey have asked. Many of the great gelical Schools, openly called evanmissionary activities begun in Latin gelical, on the ground, as Deputy America have been begun at the direct Lacasa said, that "if this work does request of the Latin-American peoples not deserve the attention and support themselves. When Dr. William Good- of the authoritIes of our nation, if this fellow, a missionary, was coming home work is not excellent and praisefrom the Argentine seventy years ago, worthy, then I do not know where to President Sarmiento commissioned look for those good works which our him to engage, in the United States, Christian religion commands us to

SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA

perform." What the first text-book of only a small part of the priests were the Student Volunteer Movement capable of preaching to the people. stated in regard to Latin America is What are a few hundred men to six in large measure true. Our great mis- millions of people in a great republic sionary foundations laid in South just now taking on its national form? America have been laid in response to a demand coming from the people I went to one section in the city of of Latin America themselves. I ask Santiago, one of the best-supplied you, fellow students, whether it is to cities in South America, where there be regarded as illegitimate to respond were more than ten thousand people to a great cry of human need? On and only one priest trying in an inadthe ground of South America's con- equate way to reach all those great stant request for the help which she multitudes of people. You can travel wants from without, the United States miles and miles in central South and Canada owe a deep and undis- America without even seeing a Cathocharged obligation to these lands. lic church or a Catholic priest. On all the long reach of the Magdalena A Great Religious Need River, from its mouth at Barranquilla up to the city of Honda, more than six In the fourth place, altho I have no hundred miles, I think I counted only doubt that this appeal from Latin four or five Catholic churches, not all America rests rather on the ground of with priests, ministering to the thouits recognition of its intellectual and sands of people of that great river moral need, yet back of that intel- valley. Great regions everywhere are lectual and moral need lies the funda- neglected. The agencies that are mental religious need. All intellectual there are utterly inadequate to cope and moral need at last roots itself back with the religious needs of South into great religious need. And be- America, even if they were spiritually hind these various considerations of capable of doing so. which I have been speaking is the profound religious need of South Amer- And then such agencies as are there ica. have no living general hold upon the . You see it, for one thing, in the in- people. That was the lament of a adequacy of the forces that are now priest in the Argentine. He told us there attempting to meet the religious that his order had actually asked the necessities of the people. The Roma3 Pope to allow them to lay aside their Catholic Church, even if it were qua:- clerical dress in order that they.might ified to do so, does not have enough put on laymen's garb and go down priests to minister to the religious need among the people, because they were of Latin America. One of the good so despised and reviled in their clerical men we met in South America was a garb that they were not even allowed priest in the city of Buenos Ayres. He to evangelize in the homes of the peotold me there were less than a ple. He said that if they walked along thousand priests, counting all the the street and a woman saw them she secular clergy, in the whole of the Ar- ran and knocked on iron to break the gentine, and that many of them were bad luck of having seen a priest. I men too ignorant even to teach; that went down the street with a friend of mine who was a clergyman in the

Scotch Church, in the city of Buenos visited was full, and that was filled Ayres, and he was clad in clerical in part with sisters and little children dress; school-girls on the street, chil- from the schools. There were not, I dren of good appearance, turned and judged, one hundred and fifty men in hissed at him .and called him names as anyone of the churches of that city we passed by, because they thought he on one of the greatest feast days of was a priest. In Peru the great comic the whole year. In Holy Week the paper is called Fray K Bezon. If you demonstrations are great, but priests pronounce the syllables rapidly they in Buenos Ayres told us that the real run into words which mean "fat- influence and hold of the Church upon headed priest." It is widely read. And the people was nothing in comparison what do you think the jokes in it are? with its strength in the United States.

Simply the matter-of-fact tales which The people of South America are a the editor of the paper prints week people practically without any real re- after week, without fear of libel suits, ligion. It does not matter what the of the personal immoralities and scan- census says about their nominal ec- dals in the life of the clergy of Peru. clesiastical connections. We are look- The Churches and Preaching ing out upon forty millions of people, the great majority of whom the South And not only does the Church not Americans themselves say have no re- command the general respect of the ligious faith. The men have for the people for its priesthood, but also the most part only a nominal connection people do not throng the churches in with the Church or none at all. And Latin America. We have an idea that they have none because they have no all the people of Latin America are access, the great mass of them, to any devoted to one great religious institu- living religious faith. Here and there tion that has been there all these years. surely there are good priests; we met I am inclined to think that in our some devout, lovable men; but for the towns here you will find twice as many great mass of the people there is no people every Sunday, in proportion to access to the living Christ at all. He the population, in the churches as you is hidden in the churches, behind saints wiII find in the churches of the most or symbols. We were in churches where religious towns of South America. there was no figure of Christ even be- We were in the city of Arequipa in hind the chancel, in many churches Peru on one of the most sacred days where the figure of Mary was high of the Church in South America. They above all figures of Christ, and where, told us that Arequipa was the most high above all the figures, would be fanatical city in Peru, that there we such an inscription as "Gloria a should find all the churches thronged Maria." Cut right into the stone walls with men. All the shops were shut. of the old Jesuit church in the an- It was a holy day in the city. We cient city of Cuzco you read the words, visited five of the leading churches, in- "Come unto Mary, all ye that labor cluding the cathedral. In the ca- and are heavy laden, and she will thedral there were not fifty people, give you rest." I wonder sometimes men, women and children, at the main whether that old word about a sword service. Only one church which we piercing through her heart might not

SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA

refer rather to the sufferings· of the tinue to brutalize and degrade more humble and loyal soul of the mother and more these people? Why exist so of our Lord to-day as among forty many parishes which are true cememillions of people she sees her be- teries of souls dead to God, in· despite loved and divine Son hidden behind of the fact that there stands the church her human motherhood. All our edifice, there is Jesus Christ in the hearts are reverent toward the mother Sacrament Adorable, there is the priest of our Lord, and we can understand with his marvelous powers to sanctify what it was in the history of the the souls? The only reason is that Church that drove the heart of hu- the parish priest does not faithfully manity, when it was denied any rest- perform his duties, he does not lay ing-place on a humanity in Christ, to hold upon and generously shoulder the the humanity of Christ's mother-we charge he has accepted, and, as many can understand all that, but we can Christians who take of the gospel not ignore the conditions that have only so much as suits them, so he takes come to prevail where the Church has up only those duties which do not concealed the real Savior behind the trouble him much-more than all, mother who bore Him. those that produce most income. They do not preach, or, if so, it is only to And what the people see of Christ tire and annoy the few hearers. What is no real picture of Him. We went living word could come from a sacerto more than eighty churches in South dotal soul dead to the palpitations of America. In not one of all those the grace and the activity of pastoral churches was there a symbol or a zeal? There is no catechism cIasspicture or a suggestion of the resur- and if there is, it is in this sense: that rection or of the ascension-not one. this work is for the priest a disagree- In every case Christ was either dead ble task, for which he has neither inupon the cross or He was a ghastly telligence nor heart, and which he figure, lying in a grave. Where is the ends by handing over to the school or living Christ? a man cries out again to the women! Service, attention and and again as he travels up and down care and frequent visiting of the sick, South America and no voice answers in order to lead them as by the hand him in reply. He is not there because, to the gates of eternity, is an unknown once more, the men who ought to be thing to him. Poor sick ones that fall His representatives and preach His into the hands of such priests! And gospel there are silent regarding Him. this, when they do not abandon the Once more, this is not my opinion. sufferers entirely under any mere pre- Let me read you another section from text to escape going to their aid in this pastoral letter of the Archbishop their extremity supreme. . . . And of Venezuela: we will not say more, for we should be interminable, if we were to enumerate "Nearly all the clergy of the arch- everything. " diocese of Caracas is parochial; there arc more than one hundred parishes, These are not the words of the eneand to-oay all are occupied by pastors, mies of the Church. They are the with few exceptions-those which words of the men within the Church have become mere hamlets. And yet, who lament its shame and its spiritual why does ignorance of religion con-

impotence. Perhaps we speak too clergy were guilty. "I thought," he severely, but can anyone say that con- said, "that one of the best ways to ditions like these constitute no ground diminish the domination and abuses of spiritual obligation to the millions of the clergy in Mexico was to favor of people who are denied by such con- the establishment of other sects which ditions access to the Christ who lives would come in some measure into to save? competition with the Catholic clergy The Need for Protestant Missions and thus cause it to refrain from ex- ercises of which it had been guilty be- And, last of all, our spiritual ob- fore." "His praiseworthy efforts,"

ligation to Latin America lies in the wrote Dr. Pinedo, ex-Minister of Jus- very fact that this Church needs from tice and Public Instruction in the Ar- us and we have a duty to give to it gentine, of Mr. Morris and his schools, the help which only Protestant in- "have had the virtue of awakening the fluence can supply. I asked a true Catholics, who, not to be left behind, priest in Argentine whether he saw have also founded numerous schools any reason why there should not be so that in every way the needy chil- Protestant churches in South Amer- dren are being benefited."

ica. "No," he said. "Why not? We And there are many inside the work together in the United States; Church who realize the necessity of why should we not work together here help from without. I spoke of the in the Argentine? Take our own young priest with whom we traveled in parish here," he said at another time, Colombia, the man who told l1S that "there are one hundred and forty only one out of eighteen of his ac- thousand people in our own parish and quaintances in the priesthood was a only seven per cent of them ever go good man. He was going to visit his inside of a church. Look at this other old father. His heart was sick of the parish with 130,000; with one man abominations in the midst of which and his assistant endeavoring to reach he lived, but, he said, he did not know those 130,000." what his personal duty was. Where Weare wanted to meet great neglect- was he to go? He did not know where ed needs .and to purify and stimulate to go out of the Church. Was his place the forces which ought to be striving in his church, to work there, to purify to meet them. The best men of these and cleanse the institution and to help lands have always seen this. In his the people who lived 'round about him?

book on the relations of Mexico to the He was going to his old father to ask United States, Minister Romero, who him where his path of duty lay. If did as much as any other man to bind only there were strong churches of the together these two neighboring re- evangelical faith in his land some- publics, said that from the very outset thing might be done. Do you mean he had argued for religious toleration to say that we must abandon men like in Mexico because he saw in that the this, that we have no duty to the men best way to remedy the great evils in South America for whom their in- which sprang from the political au- stitution is too strong, and who are thority of the Roman Catholic clergy asking for help from without to come and from the abuses of which the in to enable them to deal with the great

10] THE SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA 34

situation that confronts them? We the cleaner, more progressive, better owe a deep debt to the men, many or educated does South America become, few, scattered up and down South and the nearer you draw to the United America who look for spiritual and States, the darker are the shadows that moral help from without, and who rest on the South American lands. know that the only hope of reforming It is not that we have caused the darktheir own church is through the in- ness, but we have not relieved it. We fluence of Protestant missions. And have begun, but only begun, to disour brethren in the native Protestant charge our commercial obligations to churches have a supreme right to our South America. There is one copaid. per mine in Peru in which a few American men put more money before Our Debt and Duty they took out .a dollar than all the Protestant churches of the world, I These are the grounds briefly put, venture to say, have spent on the evanonly a few of them, of our spiritual gelization of South America for the obligation to these lands. We owe last hundred years. At Cerro de these lands help in their search for Pasco twenty million dollars were put intellectual light. We owe them aid into that one copper mine before anyin their awful battle for moral purity. thing was paid back. The whole We owe them a response to their Protestant Church has not done as brotherly call of need. We owe them much for forty million souls. . And Christ and spiritual freedom. We there is Canada, which has, I believe, owe it to them to call them to their only one little mission in the whole own most deeply cherished ideals. of South America, a mission made up And we have not paid that debt. We of two faithful Canadian Baptist, are not paying that debt to-day. We men and their wives, in the mountains have justly declared a negative po- of Bolivia. Canada has put millions litical doctrine with regard to South of dollars into the lighting plants and America, which has warned Europe the water plants and the electric power to keep her hands off, and we have plants, and it has not put five thousand thought that in that way we fulfilled dollars a year into the evangelization our duty to the South American peo- of South America. We have, I supples. The South American peoples do pose, about forty American missionary not resent the Monroe Doctrine, but organizations working in the Empire they do resent that negative interpre- of Japan, with a popUlation equal to tation of it with· which the American that of the whole of South America, people have been content, which and we have about ten American mistended to shut out the aid which the sionary organizations and two British European nations might have been organizations working in the whole glad to carry in, and which has not South American continent. replaced it with any brotherly help from near at hand. We have had our obligations staring us in the face for a hundred years, and It is a lamentable fact that the we have passed the needy men at our darkest part of South America is the door mercilessly by. Surely now at part nearest to the United States and last the day has come for us to take Canada. The further you get away from the United States and Canada,

up our obligation to these Latin-Amer- land with thousands of fresh imican peoples. Now, more than in any migrants pouring in every year. Do other day, the need is pressing upon you suppose that these republics can us. If we do not give help now, South be built without religion, that these America will become the stronghold nations can ever fulfil their God-apof all the reactionary and the ob- pointed destinies if they drift, as they scurantist elements of the Church of are drifting to-day, into a hard, Rome, and a situation will be produced atheistic materialism? In the interest which even the Church of Rome itself, of these South American nations, with all of its best purposes and its which will be our neighbors forever, best energies, will not be able to deal and which are to exercise a steadily with. Priests from the other lands increasing influence upon our own are pouring in, from the Philippines, life, we are bound to go in with the from France, from Andalusia, from. spiritual forces of the gospel of the Italy, from Belgium, all those priests living Christ. who are not wanted in their own lands are gathering now in South America. We are called to these republics to- They have already prest in. There day because they offer men as good are good men among them, but there opportunity for life investment as men are others, too, and the people them- can find anywhere else in the world. selves begin to resent their coming. I stood one day, only a few months The Sunday before we got to Bogota ago, beside a great brown marble there was a riot in the city, which the block in the Protestant cemetery in troops had to be brought out to quell, the city of Valparaiso; all around in which the artizans started to tear were the evidences of the earthquake, down the school of the Silesian Fa- great stones twisted awry, but this thers in Bogota on the ground that they stone stood stedfast among them all. did not want or were not going to It was the burial-place of old David stand this invasion of foreign priests, Trumbull, who for forty-three years especially those whose influence on in- had stood like a great rock in the city dustrial conditions, perhaps quite un- of Valparaiso, leaving his influence on justly, they feared. We are bound to that city, and also in a real way on the press in for the help of the South national life of Chile, in which he was American peoples before reactionary one of the great forces that brought men get into the religious control of about the laws which gave effect to the religion and education of the South religious toleration, provided for civil American continent. marriage and the secularization of the cemeteries, and helped to open the We are bound to press in there to- gates wide for the preaching of the day because those great republics are gospel up and down the length of the now in their formative life. Look at Chilean RepUblic. There are all over the six millions of people in the Ar- South America opportunities for men gentine, one of the livest, most eager to live under changed conditions, such countries in the world, with a fourth lives as David Trumbull lived in the or fifth of its whole population in its city of Valparaiso, such lives as Wilcapital city of Buenos Ayres, a city liam C. Morris is living to-day in tlle with half a million Italians in it, a city of Buenos Ayres, as many men

THE SPIRITUAL CLAIMS OF LATIN AMERICA

are living now in many places. If against the stanchions of the lower men and women are looking for a deck. I fell asleep again, but sud- chance for life investment where they denly was awakened by the sound of can not only change the characters of a plunging body in the water and a men, but where they can make a real rush of footsteps on the lower deck contribution toward forming the char- and excited voices whispering, and acters of great republics, South Amer- then a half-strangled, pitiful cry, "Oh, ica is a field calling to them. hombre," literally, "Oh, man," but The Passing Opportunity truly also, "Oh, brother! Oh, friend!" and then a gurgling sound and .a swirl And, last of all, men are passing, of the brown waters rushing by, and and passing fast, there. The genera- all was still. After a little while the tions of South America do not last work was done, the men came aboard, longer than the generations of Asia, the ropes were thrown off, and our or North America; and year by year, boat went sobbing on its way up the while we wait, men go whither we can stream. In the morning we asked the not follow. If men need Christ any- captain what had been the trouble, and where, they need Him there also, and he said that it was a Colombian private they need Him before they die. Just soldier who had been sleeping on the about two months ago, our boat tied unfenced lower deck and rolled off up one night along the east bank of in his sleep into the water, that no- the Magdalena River. It was an old- body had seen him go; they had heard fashioned stern-wheel river-boat, burn- his cry but were too late to help him, ing wood, and every three or four and the man was gone.

hours we had to stop to take on fresh Often on that river journey and fuel. Ve were still in the lower often in the days that have passed reaches of the river and it was possible since, it has seemed to me that I could to run by night. We had fallen asleep hear that only half-conscious strangled in the earlier part of the evening, but cry sounding in my ears, "Oh, friend!

were awakened as the boat tied up to Oh, friend)" and that it was the cry the shore, and the men ran out with of many millions of South American the gangway, and began to bring on peoples making earnest, if silent, .ap- the wood. Here and there we saw the peal for the things that in Christ we glare of the torches against the tropical have to give. "Oh, friend!" That forest and then heard the murmur of voice calls to you men and women of the boatmen as they carried on the North America. Will it find in you great racks of fuel and piled it up the heart of a friend, to reply?

CHRIST'S MISSIONARY PROGRAM, MATTHEW 9:36-10:8 KNOW ~ Study Missions-Read Books. Missionary :Meetings-Regular-Powerful. "Harvest Plenteous-Laborers Few" I Missionary Days–Al1nivers arie s. PRAY The Church and the Field.

"Pray ye the Lord of the Harvest" Privately-Definitely-Regularly.

GIVE { The Prayer Circ1e-Groups-Agreement. Public-Dependence on God. "Freely ye Have Rec:eived, Freely Give" i Systematically. GO-PREACH W eekly-Monthly-Annually. Proportionate1y. ·'A. ye Go Preach-HeaJ," Cheerfully-As a Privilege. Yourself-Sons-Daughters-Friends.

{ Student Voluntecrs. Pastors-Christian Workers.

100' /80''' /t50~ /40" 120" 100" BO'

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Coan, Adoniram Judson Wm. Goodell, Crosby H. Wheeler J. E

of HalVaii of Burma of Turkey of Asia Minor of Madura FAMOUS MISSIONARIES SENT OUT BY THE AMERICAN BOARD A MILESTONE IN AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE AMERICAN BOARD BY EDWARD WARREN CAPEN, PH.D.

A little more than a hundred years in the recently organized theological ago the religion of New England, as seminary at Andover, appeared before of other parts of the country, was ap- the Massachusetts General Associaparently in a dying condition. The tion, then in session at Bradford, near college church at Yale was almost ex- Haverhill, and presented their "statetinct, most of the students were skep- ment and inquiries," which breathe a tics, and Princeton College was no spirit of humility and aggressiveness, better. Christian leaders were every- of tact and determination. This hiswhere mourning the prevalence of cor- toric document read as follows: ruption, drunkenness, and licentiousness. Yet in the midst of these very The undersigned, members of the Diconditions there was organized the vinity College, respectfully request the pioneer among the foreign mission attention of their Reverend Fathers,' conboards of the United States. Next vened in the General Association at Brad- October the American Board of Com,. ford, to the following statement and inmissioners for Foreign Missions is to quiries: celebrate its centennial. This event has a significance to others besides the They beg to state, that their minds' Congregational churches, which use have long been imprest with the duty this society as their agent for work and importance of personally attempting abroad. It was conceived on broad a mission to the heathen; that the imlines, and for more than half its ex- pressions on their minds have induced a istence has been under the control of serious and, they trust, a prayerful conno single church or denomination. sideration of the subject in its various How did the American Board come attitudes, particularly in relation to the into existence? What has been the probable success and the difficulties atgrowth of its work? For what prin- tending such an attempt; and that, after ciples has it stood? examining all the information which they can obtain, thcy consider themselves as Origin of American Board devoted to this work for life, whenever God, in His providence, shall open the It was on the afternoon of June 28, way. 1810, that four young men, students They now offer the following inquiries, on which they solicit the opinion and ad- vice of this Association. Whether, with their present views and feelings, they ought to renounce the object of missions,

as either visionary or impracticable; if of religion there came usually a renot, whether they ought to direct their newal of these efforts. At the close attention to the Eastern or Western of the eighteenth century and the beworld; whether they may expect patron- ginning of the nineteenth, there was a age and support from a missionary so- vigorous development of home misciety in this country, or must commit sions, some of the leaders of which, themselves to the direction of a Euro- like Dr. Worcester, had dreams of pean society; and what preparatory work beyond the seas. This ideal had measures they ought to take, previous to fired Rev. Cotton Mather as early as actual engagement. r7IO to urge the colonists to emulate the example of the Jesuit, Dutch, and The undersigned, feeling their youth Danish missionaries in the Far East. and inexperience, look up to their fathers During the last decade of the eightin the Church, and respectfully solicit eenth century American Christians their advice, direction, and prayers. were mo:;;t sympathetic observers of the renaissance of missionary zeal AOONIRAM JUDSON, JR. among the Protestant Christians of Great Britain. A few of the British SAMUEL NOTT, JR. missionaries went to the East by way of the United States. The re- SAMUEL J. MILLS, ligious magazines here contained the latest missionary intelligence. More SAMUEL NEWELL. than this, William Carey was receiv- ing considerable sums of money from The statement was referred to a his American admirers and helpers. committee, on which was Rev. Samuel Worcester, of Salem, who had been When, therefore, the group of one of the young men's advisers. The young men at Williams College, unnext day the committee reported and der the lead of Samuel J. Mills, Jr., the association appointed the original held their historic prayer-meeting bemembers of the American Board of side the haystack, in the summer of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, r806, and two years later organized who met the following September in their missionary society, The Breth- Farmington, Conn., adopted a con- ren, the object of which was "to efstitution, and chose officers. These fect in the persons of its members a momentous steps were taken unani- mission, or missions, to the heathen," mously and without any long discus- they were but embodying in tangible sion, but this does not mean that they fashion the purposes of hundreds of were sudden or unpremeditated. the people of America. These young students from Williamstown presently The missionary interest of the joined others of like mind at Andover Christians of America had never Seminary, the founders of which had ceased since the granting of the co- as one of their distinct purposes the lonial charters, one distinct purpose training of foreign missionaries. The of which was that of preaching the result of their association at Andover gospel to the heathen of the West; that was the decision that four of their is, the American Indians. Many illus- number should present an application trious names, such as those of John Eliot, Thomas Mayhew, David Brainerd, and John Sergeant, testify to the zeal of the colonists, who did not let the severe struggle to obtain homes and protection for themselves and their families interfere with their missionary work. With each revival

A MILESTONE IN AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

to the General Association at Brad- bers among its members and support- ford .. ers a few who belong in other communions. Even in recent years sev- The organization of the American eral of its strongest and ablest mis- Board was followed by consultation sionaries, both men and women, have with the London Missionary Society, been trained in other denominations. which was willing to commission J ud- son and three of his friends, and Growth of th… Work finally in 1812 five young men sailed for India under the American Board. The same comprehensiveness char- On the voyage out one of each of the acterized from the beginning the two companies, Judson and Rice, be- American Board's view of its field. came Baptists by conviction. The At present its territory is well de- . news of their change called into being fined, but in the early days, when it the American Baptist Missionary was almost the only channel for mis- Union. Thus, at the very beginning sionary work abroad available to the American noard was indirectiy the American Christians, it regarded the occasion for the starting of a sister whole world as its field and sought organization. The Board itself was earnestly by exploration and exper- never narrowly sectarian. Vhile it imentation to discover which countries was organized by Congregationalists. offered the best opportunities. With- in 1812 eight new members were add- in about a quarter of a century work ed, belonging to other churches, six had been begun or investigations had of them Presbyterians, and the num- been made or planned in nearly every ber of the latter was greatly increased field ever occupied by AmeriCan Chris- after the absorption into the American tians, and in some regions which now, Board in 1826 of the United Foreign a century later, are still unoccupied. Missionary Society, which had been North Africa, including Egypt, had formed in 1817 by Christians of the been explored and missions established Presbyterian type. The Old School in the western and southern parts of Presbyterians withdrew in 1837, but the continent. Missionaries had work- the New School Presbyterians con- ed in Palestine, Syria, including Beirut tinued this relation until 1870, when, and the Lebanon, in Smyrna and in after the union of the two schools, the Greece. The press at Malta had Board surrendered to the Presbyterians printed thousands of copies of the the Persian, Syrian, Gaboon, Seneca, Bible and Christian literature. Con- and Ojibway missions. The German stantinople, Broosa, Trebizond, in- Reformed and Dutch Reformed terior Armenia, and Persia were the churches also used the American homes of Christian workers. The ex- Board as their agent abroad. The ploration of Afghanistan and Tibet latter withdrew in 1857 after a quarter was under consideration. Work was of a century of cooperation, and took well established in western and south- with them the Arcot Mission in India ern India and in Ceylon. Two mis- and the Amoy Mission in China. Even sionaries had laid down their lives to-day, when the American Board di- while exploring Sumatra. Siam, Java, rectly represents the Congregational Borneo, Singapore, and Canton, China, churches of the United States, it num- were early occupied; Hawaii was

being transformed, and an attempt had great empires of China and Turkey, been made to reach the Marquesas each of which has four missions. Af- Islands. Patagonia, Mexico, and rica comes next with three, followed other countries in Central and South by India with two. The work in America had been visited to see Japan is very extensive, but it is orwhether the freedom from Catholic ganized in but one mission. Ceylon, Spain meant freedom to preach the Micronesia, the Philippines, Austria, gospel. Spain, and Mexico contain the six remaining missions. To man this True to the traditions of colonial work, with its 107 stations and 1,395 America, the American Board was out-stations, there are 581 missionalso using vigorous measures to reach aries, 202 of whom are men, and each the Indians in the Eastern, Southern, missionary is assisted by an average Central, and Western States, extend- of eight native assistants-4,564 in all. ing its work even to the Pacific coast. The statistical showing for the cen- The work for the American Indians tury and for the present time is sumwas all but ruined by the forced mi- marized in a table at the close of this gration of the tribes to districts far- article. ther west, and what remained was finally transferred to home missionary Policies of the American Board organizations, the final transfer, that of the Dakota mission, occming in The American Board has done more 1883. Of the foreign centers some than any statistics indicate; it has were soon abandoned in order to se- stood for certain great principles of cure greater concentration of effort missionary policy, which most of the upon strategic points or because of greatest mission boards have now lack of funds or suitable opportunities. adopted with more or less complete- With the opening of China, the work ness. there was expanded, the Pacific Islands work also gradually grew, the Micro- From the beginning, the American nesian mission being started in 1852, Board has taken the broadest and Japan received its first missionaries most comprehensive view of the obfrom the American Board in 1869, and ject of foreign missions. The early the work in the Catholic countries was secretaries declared that the purpose begun in accordance with a vote of of the missionary was nothing short the American Board at its meeting in of the complete Christianization and 1871. civilization of whole peoples. In giv- ing instructions to the missionaries to The receipts of the American Board Hawaii in 1827, the officers declared for its first year were $999.52. The that the missionary required more income has steadily increased during than piety or mere religious feeling, the century until for the last fiscal that every power of intellect would be year it amounted to nearly one thou- of use and that the people must be sand times the first sum, or $947,- formed "into a reading, thinking, cul- 163.25. This amount was spent in tivated state of society, with all its maintaining work in twenty missions. schools and seminaries, its arts and in- Of these twenty, the largest numbers stitutions." This missiEln policy, which of missions are found in the two starts with the conversion of the in- dividual, but which reaches out to-

Church and dispenfa ry in Na tal, So. Africa. 4. Mission H ospital, lfadura

2. Ma ra thi Missi on Church , Bombay, India. 5. U ndu vil Girls' School. Ceylon. 3. North China Union College, Tungchou. 6. Science Building, Doshjsha, Japan.

TYPES OF M ISSION .IlUILDINGS OF TH E AMERICAN llOARD

S. B. Fairbanks, Peter Parker, M.D., Hiram Bingham, D.D

Mar.thi. India of China of Micronesia Alice Gordon Gulick, M. L. Gordon, Horace Tracy Pitkin, Josiah Tyler, of Spain of Japan of China of South Africa SOME LEADING MISSIONAIUES OF THE AMERICAN BOARD

A MILESTONE IN AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

ward the transformation of nations, These strong missionaries have al- and is not satisfied until countries have ways seen the importance of educa- been Christianized, was clearly enun- tional work if the Church abroad is to ciated by those great missionary states- be intelligent and influential and is to men Samuel Worcester and Jeremiah have native leaders of ability. As Evarts. It is believed in by the Amer- early as 1823 steps were taken to es- ican Board to-day and is one of the tablish an institution of higher educa- chief justifications for many of the tion in Ceylon, and the only reason lines of work maintained by its mis- why Ceylon did not have the pioneer sions. American missionary college is that the colonial government refused to ad- Work of this nature can be carried mit a single additional American mis- on successfully only by men of a sionary. Without reenforcements large caliber and the best ability ob- nothing could be done and the project tainable. At a time when British so- fell through. There was a time in cieties were sending out men of the middle of the last century when meager education, the American the educational work was carried on Board resolved to give a commission solely in the vernacular, and it was as a full missionary only to those who practically limited to the Christian had had the best possible training. community and those in training for The effect of this is seen in South Af- Christian service. This was..a de- rica. This is a region where the path parture from the earlier policy, and of the missionary has not been a bed was finally abandoned. It meant, how- of roses and where much friction has ever, that the founders of Robert Col- developed between some missionaries lege, Constantinople, and the Syrian and the colonists, Boer and British Protestant College at Beirut, had to alike. The members of the Zulu mis- resign from the Board when they en- sion have commanded respect by sheer tered upon their work of creating force of ability and character, and one those mighty institutions for the of the earlier men was not only in- Christianization of Turkey. Now, vited by the Boer colonists to become however, this narrowness of view has their pastor, but had a town named given way to a belief that education is in his honor. The American Board a powerful force for the Christianiza- has furnished to the United States tion of the world, and that the col- Government no fewer than four of the leges should be training-schools for men who have held the responsible po- Christian leadership in the Church and sition of interpreter to the legation at the community. The American Board Peking. Three missionaries in India admits frankly that there are dangers and one in Japan have been decorated in higher education and that too large by the sovereign for services rendered. a proportion of the energy and funds The future historian of the Turkish available may be drawn off into it; . Empire will have much to say of the but at the same time it adheres to its epoch-making work of three Chris- belief that the day-school and the Sun- tian educators, Cyrus Hamlin, Daniel day-school, the college and the church, Bliss, and George Vvashburn, all of must stand side by side, and that whom went Qut as missionaries of the neither can do its best work without American Board.

the assistance of the other. The in- the Levant. Dr. Greene, of Ceylon, fluence of the Doshisha in Japan and Dr. Parker, of Canton, and their sucof nearly ten college~ and higher cessors of the twentieth century have schools in the Turkish Empire testify done great things for the gospel to the soundness of this policy. through following in the footsteps of the Great Physician. The American Board has also believed in the value of industrial train- In the field of letters, too, the Amering. Its missions among the North ican Board has taken an honorable po- American Indians were largely in- sition. The late Dr. Hiram Bingham, dustrial, the Hawaiian Island mission whose devoted labors to give the Bible was designed to teach the people the and Christian literature to the Gilbertarts of civilization as well as the truth ese were continued to the very end, of Christianity. These objects were was but one of a long line of misattained only in part, but still the sionaries who have sought to reach American Board believes that indus- the heart through the eye. The press trial training has its place in seeking of the board at Malta, which was later to make the Christian community self- divided and is now represented by the reliant. In recent years it has not mission presses at Constantinople and gone into industrial work on a large Beirut, printed the Scriptures in all scale; but it has found it useful in con- the languages of the Levant. In the nectien with schools and orphanages, Marathi and Tamil Christian literaand for the training of the Christians ture the names of its missionaries apin habits of effective industry. pear. The Hawaiian language was reduced to writing by its workers, and Medical work has been another ave- to-day in the great work of Bible renue of approach which has been be- vision in North China the American lieved in from the earliest days. It Board is honored by representation was in 1819 that Dr. John Scudder, on each of the two committees. a practising physician of New York City, was sent as a missionary to Cey- Yet, after all, the American Board lon. He at once set to work to train has never lost sight of the fact that a native physician, who did not long its supreme work is spiritual, and into survive the completion of his training. the task of evangelizing the nations Dr. Peter Parker holds an honorable and developing strong native churches place in the history of medical mis- it has put and is putting to-day its sions in China, and the work which he best energies. Education of every began in Canton has continued until grade, medical and literary work, are to-day. The missionary physicians only means, never ends, and they are have not only tried themselves to re- used simply as a means of putting the lieve suffering and open hearts to the Christian impress upon men and nagospel by caring for diseased bodies, tions and raising up a native church but they have sought and are seeking and' Christian community which shall to train a body of native doctors to do be strong enough to stand by itself, the work for their own people. The direct its own affairs, and conduct an medical school at Beirut, the foster- aggressive campaign. The genius of child of the American Board, has sent the ecclesiastical polities in hich its its graduates all through Syria and missionaries have been trained is to

A MILESTONE IN AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

put the responsibility upon the Chris- tive church to a share in this respon- tians themselves. While the Amer- sibility. In a few instances in Turkey ican Board has had no monopoly of and in Japan, a further step has been the principles of self-support and self- taken and self-governing Christian or- direction, it has gone further in this ganizations have been subsidized by direction than many, if not most, of the mission. This policy has, on the the other similar organizations. In whole, been sticcessful, and with the fact, in one notable instance it went present nationalistic movements in the too far, and withdrew from the East the tendency is increasingly In Hawaiian Islands before the native this direction.

Christians were prepared to stand The policy of the missionaries of alone. In Japan, too, there have been the American Board on the field has times when the outlook has been dark, never been narrowly sectarian. Sec- and there are some missionaries to- retary Worcester, in his instructions day who believe that the policy of the to the first missionaries in 1812, said: American Board there is a good illus- "The Christian missionaries of every tration of how not to conduct mis- Protestant denomination, sent from sionary operations. When all due al- Europe to the East, you will regard lowance has been made for mistakes, as your brethren; the servants of the the American Board still believes the same Master, and engaged in the same results are their own best justification, work with yourselves. With them for the Kumi-ai body is generally ad- your only competition will be, who mitted to be second to no Christian shall display most of the spirit, and church in Japan to-day in self-reliance do most for the honor of Christ; with and aggressiveness. The relations be- . them you will be ready to cultivate tween the mission and the churches are the best understanding and constantly improving and the Ameri- with them you will cheerfully cooper- can Board is now asked by the J ap- ate, as far as consistently you can, in anese Christians to send out reenforce- any measure for the advancement of ments and open new stations in the the common cause," This was the closest cooperation with the Japanese theory; this was .also the practise, as churches. The Zulu Christians in witness the formation in Bombay in South Africa .and the Christians in 1825 of a missionary union and the the missions in Turkey illustrate the existence of intimate terms of friend- merits of a policy which trusts the ship and even of communion between Christians and calls upon them to the Ceylon missionaries and their Bap- take a large measure of responsibility. tist brethren. Such was the theory The general policy of mission boards and practise a hundred years ago; it has been to insist that the responsibil- is the theory and practise to-day. The ity for the administration of funds American Board missions seek the sent out from the United States must closest cooperation with their neigh- rest solely in the hands of the mission. bors. Its missionaries have been lead- This policy has been followed by the ers in forming the United Church of American Board during most of its South India. In the North China existence, but now the tendency is to Mission all the work of higher educa- go at least as far as admitting the na- tion is carried on jointly by three or

more missions. While individual mis- formidable rival. The new Turkey is sionaries may at times err, the mission indirectly the result of the transform- policy is never to interfere with others, ing influence of Christianity embodied but always to work in the closest har- in the Christian school and college, mony. the Christi ill Church, and the devoted lives of the Protestant Christians. The American Board has not over- looked its responsibility for nominal The American Board was born in Christians. Its present missions in prayer a century ago. Men of faith Mexico, Austria, and Spain are not and of works laid its foundations deep large, but they have been influential and strong. Hundredsand thousands in raising the tone of Christianity in of Christians have given money, the regions touched. Not only is energy, life itself to the development there a strong Protestant community, of the work. And now a new genera- but the Roman Catholic Church itself tion, thankful for the past, is facing has felt the competition of the lofty the future with confidence, and its morality and pure gospel of the mis- leaders are resolving to signalize their sionary, and has had to cleanse itself. entrance into a new century by a for- The educational work for girls in ward movement which shall seek the Madrid has done much for the women speedy Christianization of the 75,000,- of Spain, while from the mission in 000 men, women, and children who Austria have come some of the ablest constitute the field of the American workers among the Slavic population Board of Commissioners for Foreign of the United States. Missions.

The great Moslem world, centering PRESENT WORK OF THE BOARD in Constantinople, early attracted at- tention, but it was found at once that In view of the pressing needs of the little could be do~e for the Moslem di- Board and the importance of an ade- rectly so long as he was face to face quate financial policy of advancement, with a formal, dead, or corrupt Chris- it is well to notice the extent of the tianity, which was often inferior to Board's work at the present time, to- Islam itself. Hence the great work gether with the cost. for the Christian populations in the Turkish Empire and Persia. There The receipts of the Board in 1908- was no intention of organizing a Prot- estant church, but this step was forced 1909 were $953,573.69, including lega- upon the mission by the Eastern cies and income from invested funds. Churches and the government. So Deducting what was paid upon the successful has this work been in leav- debt of preceding years we have $894,- ening these older Christian bodies, 275.83, as the amount disbursed dur- that it is possible that the time will ing the year. This sum was made to come-and sooner than we expect- when the Protestant churches can be cover: merged back into the older organiza- tion and. the combined Christian The salaries of 581 missionaries. . forces can make·a united attack upon the very citadel ofChristianity:'s most The outfits of missionaries newly ap- pointed. The traveling expenses of missionaries going to their lields or returning.

Touring expenses of missionaries on the field. .

Grants for missionaries retired on ac- count of old age or physical infirmity.

The conduct of fifteen colleges.

The conduct of fifteen theological sem- inaries and training schools.

The conduct of 144 high. schools:

A MILESTONE IN AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

The conduct of 1,309 common. schools India and Southeastern Asia-Continued (70,979 pupils in attendance). Siam ………………………… 1831·1849 Singapore …. '" …………….• 1834-1843 The employment of such of our 4,564 Sumatra ………•….. , •…•.••..• 1834·1836 native workers as are not supported by llomeo ………………………. 1836·1849 native churches. Java ………………………… 1836·1838 The cOllduct of our 71 hospitals alld dis- ChillQpensaries, treating over 300,000 cases. South China (Canton, Hongkong) …. 1829·1866 1883· The conduct of our printing presses and Foochow ………..•.•.••….••••• 1847publication plants which issued millions of North China …………………. . 1854· pages of literature in 27 languages. Shansi ….•.•..•••.••…•..••.•.•• 1882· Amoy .••.•..•…•.•••••….••.•.•• 1~"2-1857 The conduct of our extensive industrial work. Japan ………………………… . 1869· Africa- The administration expenses of the Board, including salaries of officers, clerks, West Central ……………….. .. 1880· ctc., 'expenses of missionaries and speakers South Africa. Zulu (Natal) ..•..•.•• 1835. visiting the c1ll1rches, office expenses at BostOIl, New York, Chicago, and Berkeley, Rhodesia (formerly East Coast) … 1883magazines and Ie'aflets for in forming the West Africa (Cape I'almas) …….. . 18H·1843 churches-cycrything which properly be- Gaboon …………………….. . 184.H870 longs in this class of expenditures. Pacific lslands- With such an extensive missionary .Micronesia •……• ~. •. . . . . . . . . . . .• 1852· plant in operation, every increase ill Philippines …..•..•……..•..•… 1902· receipts adds materially to the work. Hawaiian Islands •….•…•.•.••.•• 1820·1870 The increase of the $I 50,000 contem- RomaH Catholic Cotl1ltries- Italy ………………………… 1872-1874 plated under the Apportionment Plan Spain ……………………….. 1812· would at least double the effectiveness Austria .•..•••••……•..•..•.•.••• 1872· of missionaries, so great are the op- Mexico .•……….••.•….••••••.. 1872· portunities under present conditions. South America ………………… 1823-1825 The receipt of the sums called for would so increase the fruitfulness of N orl It A mericaJJ I ndiaftsthe work in extending Christianity as Abenaquis ……………………. 1835-1858 to make a mathematical statement im- New York Indians ..•……..•.••..• 1822-1870 practicable. Indians £11 Southeastern States- Cherokees ………………….. 1817·1838 By the division of the world field Choctaws …………………… 1818·1833 among the different denominations, Chickasaws •….•..•..•••……•• 1827·1835 75,000,000 persons are assigned as the Creeks …..•..•……..•..••…. 1832-1837 special responsibility of the Congrega- Lo«'er MississiJ'pi Vallcytionalists of America. Cherokees in Arkansas .•..•..•..• 1830-1860 Choctaws in Arkansas ..•……..• 1832-1859 MISSIONS OF THE AMERICAN BOARD Osages ….•……..• _.•….. , . .• 1826-1837 Utter Mississippi Valley- With Dates When the Work Was Begun Pawnees …………………… 1834-1847 Green Bay (Stockbridge) ..•.•••••• 1828-1848 or Taken Over and When it Was Ojiuways …………………… 1831·1870 Ncar Great Lakcs- Closed or Transferred to Other Maumee …………………… 1826-1835 Mackinaw ………………….. 1827·1837 Societies Sioux or Dakota ………… __ ….. 1835-1883 Oregon 1lissioll ..••••.•..•••••.•••• 1835-1852 (The titles of the missions are the final ones, and a mission is said tn have begun when wcrk Statistics of American Boarcl is started in any station belonging to that mission.) ,810-[909 190<) LC'4'ont and l¥c.stct'Jt Asia- European Turkey .•…..•••.•.••••• 1858- Missionaries ..•.•••••.••••.•••••.• 2,572 SSl Western Turkey ('Vestern and North- ern Asia Minor) …………….. 1820- Men ………………………. 1,000 202 Central Turkey (Southeastem Asia Ordained men ……••… , ..•. ~ 762 ••• Minor) …………………….. 1847- Eastern Turkey (Armenia and :Meso· Incillding physicians. .••.•. •• 38 10 potamia) …………………… 1860- Sl~i~ (and Palestine) ………….. 1823·1870 Unordained physicians……. . • 75 22 IOlsla ………………………… 1833-1870 U nordained teachers or business Greece ………………………. 1830·1869 agents…. … …….. … .. 163 12 Mediterranean Islands .•.••.•••••••. 1819-1833 Women …………………….. 1,572 379 I1tdia aud Soutlieastern Asia- lIlarathi, India (Bombay Pl'esidency) •• 1813- Wives.. … . .. .••. .. •••.••••. • 969 185 :/'ladura, India ………………… 1834- Arcot (and Madras) …………… 1836·1857 Unmarried……………….. 603 'Ceylon ….. _" … .. . .. … .. . .. …. 1816- l'hysicians (already included in totals) …. ……….. ……. 14 Receipts- 1810-1909; $39,527,427.29; 1909, $947,163.25 1909 Native Churches ………………….. 584 Members ………………………. 73,611 Contributions, more than ……••..••.•$260,000 Accessiolls-18l0-1909, more than 205,000 5,914 Native workers…………………….. 4.564 Schools ………………………….. 1,483 Scholars ……………………….. 70,979 Theological seminaries …………….. 1S Students, more than •…..•..•.. , " • • 200 Colleges ., ………………….. •.•• ,11 Students in college classes. more than 1,700 Students in preparatory classes. more than …….. …….. …… …• 2,700 Hospitals ..•…..••••.•….•..••.•••••• 28 In·patients, more than……………… 9,300 Operations, more than ………….. "" • 9;200 Dispensaries ………… , …… , … ,'''', 37 Out.patients. more than ……………. 151,000

A FORERUNNER OF

SIR HENRY M.. STANLEY, AND HIS CAREER * EDITORIAL The appearance of this distin- neither the wisdom to read child naguished explorer's life story, two- ture nor the tact to guide it, nor the thirds of which are from his own pen, love to feed it. He passed nine years and the other third largely compiled of misery, under a schoolmaster as from his own writings, has already brutal in temper as he was stupid in corrected many false estimates of the mind, who became more and more author and will surprize not a few savage and ended his days in a madwho have had no adequate conception house. It is charity to suppose he was of the real greatness of this man whose long before this practically insane. original name was John Rowlands. Matters came to an issue when a cruelly unjust flogging of an entire This career of sixty-three years class for a trifling offense where the (1841-1904) was one of the most re- guilty party could not be traced, led markable which modern history fur- this lad to rebel against the master, nishes. It was what we call "check- thrash him with his own blackthorn ered," only that there are more black and then flee from the place. squares than white. The titles of the first twelve chapters sufficiently indi- He had the natural experience of a cate the singular variety of his early homeless, friendless waif who had experiences: "The Workhouse," never known human love or friendly "Adrift," "At Sea," "At Work," "I sympathy, finally finding refuge with Find a Father," "Adrift Again," some relatives, but no real home and "Soldiering," "Shiloh," "Prisoner of no proper training either mental or War," "Journalism," "West and moral, until, like many another hap- East," "A Roving Commission." The lcss wight, he drifted out to sea, shipthirteenth chapter, "The Finding of ping nominally as a cabin-boy, but Livingstone," is the middle chapter really as a slave to a harder master and appropriately, for it marks the than the workhouse overseer. On artrue life-center and pivotal turning- rival at New Orleans, he left ship and point. pay behind, and, once more, for the sake of liberty dared all minor risks, Few who have not read this fas- and started in a strange land and city, cinating life-story know that Stanley penniless and homeless and friendless. began in a Welsh workhouse. His father died shortly after he was born, Wandering about, in search of work, and at six years of age he found him- he met a gentleman of middle age self an inmate of the St. Asaph Union with a genial face, indicating both in- Workhouse, about which the less said telligence and sympathy, to whom he perhaps the better. It was one of those ventured to put the question: "Do asylums that are places of imprison- you want a boy, sir?" It was Mr. ment and torture under the guise of Stanley, who subsequently became to philanthropy-to the young a rack, to him in more senses than one a true the aged a tomb. There he met harsh father, not only adopting him as a son, treatment from an overseer who had but with singular tact, wisdom and • The autobiography of Henry M. Stanley, edited by his wife, published by Houghton, Mifflin Com· pany, Boston and New York. love molding his character. How sight of him for a time, their acquaint- much providentially depends upon ance was renewed, he said to him one what to us is a chance! Mr. and Mrs. day, with no little tenderness of emo- Stanley were childless, and had long tion, "Henceforth J'our future shall be yearned for a boy, and this lad's first my charge t" And what he said he question had startled him-"a boy" made good. Meanwhile his wife had was just what he did want; and God so guided that, not long after, he found HENRY MORTOI'i STANLEY a son in John Rowlands, and gave him a new name, Henry 11orton Stanley. died, and now the wealth of a generous nature was lavished on this boy who One of the steps in this romantic had never known father's or mother's story we must not pass by, for it has love. He took him to his heart, too much significance. The poor boy studied his nature and needs, coun- at St. Asaph's had not learned much seled him, corrected him, guided his that was gooel, but he had got some mind, tamed his temper, trained his knowledge of God's Word, and Bishop judgment. He became a boy again Short had given him a Bible, inscribed for the boy's sake. And tho unwith his name, and testifying to the happily he and Henry later were lad's "diligent application to his parted and never met ag-din, those studies and general good conduct." months of intimate fellowship left an Mr. Stanley saw that Bible sticking indelible mark on the character of the out of his pocket and, opening it, read adopted son. As Stanley himself says, the certificate which unconsciously dis- "The golden period of my life began posed him to befriend the needy boy, from that supreme moment-the moand ultimately to adopt him; It would be pleasant to linger over this part of the history, for it bristles with charming suggestions. Mrs. Stanley was almost an ideal woman, in her combination of refinement and gentleness. Every inch a lady, she was better than a lady, a woman and by instinct a mother; even her occasional contact with John Rowlands, before he became Henry Stanley, was enough to helmet him against the darts of temptation, and inspire him with high aims. She kindled in him faith, hope and love, all at once, and he never lost the talismanic power of that contact. As to Mr. Stanley, we have never seen an illustration of equal pertinency and power, of the Bible concept:on of adoption, than is found in his whole treatment of this strange boy of sixteen. When, after losing

ment when Mr. Stanley took him into scraps of information and gathering his arms as his son, and said to him, such treasures as are only found in "YOtt are to bear my name-Henry such varied experiences, all fitted him Stanley!" as Providence knows how in its pe- How, after this, Stanley again be- culiar school for the unique future came adrift, and ultimately a Con- that awaited him.

federate soldier, prisoner of war, jour- His expedition to find Livingstone nalistic correspondent and extensive was to be kept secret, and he went by traveler, must be left to this auto- a round-about course, arriving at Zan- biography to disclose. We are more zibar, January 6, 1871, and starting concerned with that second "golden for the interior, feeling his way by period" which began when, in October, such indications as only sagacious in- 1869, at twenty-eight years of age, he stinct could recognize. He had used received from Mr. Bennett of the New the time at sea, en route to the Af- York Herald that carte blallche-a rican coast to learn to take astro- commission, at any cost, to find Liv- nomical observations and train himself ingstone! Here Stanley'S real life as a surveyor. November IO, 1871, work found its ttue beginning-and found him at Ujiji, near Lake Tan- at last its goal. ganyika, where he grasped the hand Curiously, that same year, 1841, of the Scotch hero, of whom for three when Livingstone first trod Africa's years no certain word had reached the soil, John Rowlands first breathed the outside world. Twenty-three times breath of life in Wales-one of the Stanley had been prostrated with fe- striking coincidences of history: while ver, but he felt repaid when, on De- the cotton-spinner of Blantyre was en cember 27th, the travelers set out to- rOllte to the Cape, an infant boy at gether for Unyanyembe; and more es- Denbigh was just embarking on life's pecially when, on March 14, 1872, unknown sea, destined to be the suc- they parted, having been four months cessor of Livingstone in exploring the and four days together.

Dark Continent. How little Mr. Stan- On May 4, 1873, Livingstone was ley when he gave him his name fore- found by Susi, at four o'clock in the saw the luster he would reflect upon morning, in the little grass hut, kneel- it. This waif of humanity, after en- ing at the bedside, his head buried in listing under the Confederate flag, his hands on the pillow; the candle drifts into the Union ranks, until in still burned, but the candle of life that 1865, when, acting as secretary for an had shed its rays so far over benighted admiral, he swam, under fire, to fasten Africa had gone out. The next year, a hawser to a rebel vessel, and was April 18th, Mr. Stanley led the body promoted for heroism. His mixed ex- of pall-bearers, as they deposited in periences as a press-representative, the tomb in the nave of Westminster then in a guerrilla warfare against the Abbey, the body of the man to whom North American Indians, and then as he owed more than to any other llU- companion to the British expedition man being.

into Abyssinia, thus on land and And now he who, at Unyanyembe, sea, in army and navy, camp and cam- had sorrowfully parted with Living- paign, tent and vessel, picking up stone, by that open grave in Westmin-

A FORERUNNER OF MISSIONARIES

ster, resolved to take up and finish sion was accomplished. He had per- the work the great missionary had left formed the stupendous feat of opening undone. And so a new chapter opened up the Kongo basin, with its more in Stanley's African experiences. On than 5,000 miles of navigable waters, August 5, he left England, and on No- its 43,000,000 of people, its vast area, vember 12-three years almost to a drained by various streams; and in day from the time he first grasped February, 1885, the Kongo Free State Livingstone's hand-he left Zanzibar was erected and recognized as such. again for the unknown interior. At Uganda he met Mtesa, whose war- January 20, 1887, Stanley begins a riors he estimated at a quarter of a new chapter, and again Africa is the million. While at his court he trans- theater of his action. He departs from lated the Gospel according to Luke, London for the relief of Emin Pasha. and actually wrote a brief analysis of February 25th, he once more left Zan- Bible history in Kiswaheli for the zibar, and, going by the Kongo's monarch's use. Mtesa profest adher- mouth, reached Leopoldville, April ence to the Bible instead of the Koran, 21st. A ye.ar later, April 29th, just and invited to his capital Christian fifteen years from the last day of Liv- teachers. Stanley then wrote a letter, ingstone's travels, he met Emin Pasha published in the Daily Telegraph, at Kavalli, and December 6, 1889, urging that missionaries should be emerged from Darkest Africa once . sent; and so he began, in another more at Zanzibar. sense, to follow in the steps of the grand Scotchman. The Church Mis- From that day honors were shower- sionary Society sent men to Uganda, ed thick as autumn leaves on Stanley's who, in 1877 began to labor. That head. The reception given him, May letter of Stanley's had a strange his- 5, 1890, at Albert Hall, in London, tory. It was given to Linant de Bel- when 7,000 people were present, was fonds, one of the officers of Gordon one of the most brilliant assemblages Pasha. When he was killed by the of ali modern history. Then, on July Baris, the letter was found in his boot 12th, in the great Abbey, he led to the and forwarded by Gordon Pasha. marriage altar his accomplished bride, Miss Dorothy Tennant; and since, in After a journey of 7,OClCl miles, con- her jubilee year, the Queen was there, suming 999 days, Stanley reached Westminster has had no such gather- Banana point, August 9, 1877. In ing. Had it been a royal ceremony, January, 1879, he was again en ,'oute the interest could scarcely have been to the Dark Continent, at the head of more intense or the throng more dense. the expedition, organized by King The long, crimson carpet broke its Leopold, of Belgium, and reached the lines only over the slab which in the Kongo's estuary, August 14, 1879; aisle bore the name of LIVINGSTONE. Leopoldville station was built in April, Two magnificent floral wreaths, one 1882. Compelled by illness to return from the officers of the relief expedi- for a time to Europe, he came back to tion, and another from Mr. Stanley, the Kongo toward the end of the same were laid on the sides of the pros- year; and in August, 1884, reported trate tablet, and when the bride moved to the King of Belgium that his mis- up the aisle she gracefully laid still another tribute upon the marble me-

morial, bearing, in flowers, the words, anxiety for my white and black com- "In memoriam, DAVID LIVINGSTONE- panions, whose fate was a mystery. H. 'M. STANLEY." In this physical and mental distress, I besought God to give me back my peo- Thus in outline we have traced the ple. Kine hours later we were extwin story of these strangely-linked ulting with a rapturous joy. In full lives. Mr. Stanley himself said that, view of all was the crimson flag with to the four months and four days that the crescent, and beneath its folds was he spent with Livingstone in Africa the long-lost rear column." he owed the greatest impulse of his later life, and especially his final at- And now he whose previous reserve titude toward Christianity, Living- upon such matters had seemed to bear stone thus found himself suddenly a special seal of silence has made this, thrown into the society of a stranger his latest confession: and there is no evidence that during all those months he ever directly con- "Many forms of belief and curious versed with Stanley as to his spiritual ideas respecting the great mystery of interests; but by his character he com- our being and creation have been sugmended the religio'n of his Master. gested to me during my life and its His uncompromising loyalty to Christ, wanderings; but after weighing each his unobtrusive conscientiousness, 'his and attempting to understand what unselfishness, considerateness, conse- must be unsearchable, my greatest cration-aIl this imprest Stanley as no comfort has been in peacefully resting words had ever done; and, when he firm in the faith of my sires. For all parted from his new friend, he was the human glory that surrounds the constrained to admit, somewhat as memory of Darwin and his wise com- Pilate, of a far greater, "1 find no peers throughout advanced Europe, I fault in this man!n would not abate a jot or tittle of my belief in the Supreme God and that From that day Mr. Stanley led a divine Man called His Son." lif~ that runs strangely in sympathy with that which had its spring in Space alone compels us to halt as Blantyre. When Sir William YIackin- we pursue this fascinating story. We non asked the pleasure of presenting have had space only to glance at this him with some token of friendship to book, with its 500 pages, itself a carry with him to Africa, Stanley re- greater feat than his march in Equaplied, "Give me a Bible," and he took toria. Mr. Stanley's noble tributes to it and read it thrice through. After- the heroism and success of Christian ward, in Darkest Africa, constrained at missions present a marked contrast to the darkest hour humbly to confess some modern critics who ought to have that, without God's help, he was hope- been in better business, We have less, he says: sought to put side by side two lives whose unique parallelism demands a "I vowed a vow in the forest soli- permanent memorial and suggests lestudes that I would confess His aid sons of lasting value, before men. Silence, as of death, was TOund about me. It was midnight; I We note one marked contrast. As was weakened by illness, had been this great successor followed the misprostrated by fatigue, and wan with sionary explorer, he strewed his path with the blood of the slain. Living-

AMONG THE LEPERS OF SIAM

stone had trodden those same paths band will go far to correct wide-spread without even a pocket pistol for per- misapprehensions and misjudgments sonal protection from wild beasts; his as to his real character and motives. great weapon of defense was a mag- To many, even yet, he was only at nanimous Love that forgave even the best "Bula Matari," as the natives injuries it could not prevent. When called him-"breaker of rocks." To we read years ago of the demijohns her, he was gentle, tender, unselfish, of strong drink which Stanley, in his "winner of hearts." And we crave a former passage across the Dark Con- wide reading of this life story not only tinent, distributed to those sable sons for its own sake as one of the foreof her soil whom he employed in build- most books of our day, but for truth's ing his stations, we deplored any such sake and justice's sake, that the mists catering to the appetite for intoxicants, of prejudice and the darker clouds of and recalled that letter, the first writ- aspersion that have obscured and ten in English by a Kongo native, and shadowed his career may be cleared addrest to the Archbishop of Can- away, and his true position and merit terbury: be recognized. It is one of the sad but irrevocable blunders of history ((Great and Good Chief of the Tribe that his remains were refused a rest- of Christ, Greeting: ing-place beside the dust of him whom he recovered to the world's knowl- "The humblest of your servants edge; but we believe that in the kisses the hem of your garment, and greater "Westminster" of the future, begs you to send to his fellow serv- the true Temple of Fame, he will be ants more gospel and less rum. accorded a memorial which no preju- dice can tarnish and no malice re- "In the bonds of Christ, move!

"UGALLA."

Lady Stanley's tribute to her hus- AMONG THE LEPERS OF SIAM BY J. w. MC KEAN, M.D., CHENG MAl, SIAM 11issionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Of all the diseases that have afflicted physicians during all the ages, it is human kind since history began, none only within recent years that its true has a more remote antiquity than lep- cause has been brought to light. One rosy, none has a wider distribution wr;ter has remarked that, "There is over the habitable globe, being found hardly anything on earth or between alike in the ice-bound regions of Si- earth and heaven that has not at one beria and Kamchatka and under the time or another been assigned as the tropic skies of India and Siam, none cause of leprosy." The influences of has a more dreaded and dreadful ef- climate, of bad food and bad hygienic fect upon the sufferer and none has so conditions; of certain articles of diet, successfully baffled the efforts of med- such as dried fish; the lack of salt in ical science to effect a cure. food-these and many others less Altho this disease is one of great probable have been regarded as the antiquity and has been known by call~es of the disease.

It remained for Amaurer Hansen, One form is called the tubercular, or in 1871, to discover its true cause; moist, or nodular form, the average namely, the bacillus leprae. Since duration of life being fr0111 nine to which time it has been most diligently twelve years. The appearance of studied by many competent observers those having this form is 1110st repul- in many lands, and its characteristics sive. The second is termed the an- ::l,re well known, One of these is its esthetic, or dry, or mutilating form.

remarkable similarity to the bacillus These patients live on an average from of tuberculosis. This bacillus lcprae fifteen to twenty years. In 1110st cases, has hitherto been seen only in leprosy, however, the two forms of the dis- and is found in all forms of the dis- ease are combined in the same indi- ease, but has never been discovered in vidual.

any other disease. Another very re- 'While leprosy is incurable, it is pre- markable characteristic is that, altho ventable; isolation will assuredly pre- diligent search has been made for it vent its spread. We have a marked· in many places, it has never been found instance of the effectiveness of segre- outside the human body; and more re- gation in the history of leprosy in Eu- markable still, it will not attack any rope. At the close of the thirteenth oth~r animal; so that, so far as we century it prevailed to an alarming ex- know, man is the only member of the tent, the Crusades and increased com- animal kingdom susceptible to leprosy. merce with the East contributing much In 1887, at Berlin, there was held thereto; indeed, so C01111110n was it a conference of leprologists, which during the Middle Ages, that the was presided over by the noted Pro- rulers and clergy of nearly all Eu- fessor Virchow. The conclusions of ropean states, alarmed at its rapid ex- this body of experts, after the lapse of tension and terrible ravages, took more than twenty years, still repre- measures to restrict what was becom- sents the opinion of the great majority ing a general calamity. Leper asylums of medical authorities on the subject were established everywhere, so that, of leprosy. being segregated in these, the leper 1. The disease is com111unicated by was prevented from contact with the bacillus lcprae, but its conditions others. "These measures, based on of life and methods of enterin'g the what we now know to be a correct ap- human organism are unknown. Prob- preciation of the contagious nature of ably it obtains entrance through the the disease, were crowned with almost mouth or mucous membrane. complete success, and leprosy prac- 2. It is certain that mankind alone tically disappeared from Europe with- of all the animal kingdom is able to in the course of the next century."

harbor this bacillus. "In all the long procession of the 3. Leprosy is contagious, but not ages there is no more truly tragic hereditary. figure than that of the Jeper. Moved 4. The disease has hitherto resisted both by traditional association and by all efforts of cure. natural horror, men have shrunk from There are two forms of manifesta- him as a creature cut off from all the tion of this disease, both due, how- interests of humanity. His cup is full ever, to the same specific bacillus. to the brim with bitterness, and in-

AMONG THE LEPERS OF

SOME LEPERS OF SIAM cludes in it every ingredient of sor- wandering about begging in public row." places and in private dooryards. Ow- ing to stiffening and contraction of the Disease both loathsome and life- muscles, loss of fingers and toes and long; expulsion alike from home and other deformities of various kinds, city; forfeiture of social and legal they are wholly unable to earn a liverights-all these, together with the lihood, and their only means of subconsciousness that he is an outcast sistence is begging. To the honor of and that life holds for him no hope, Siam be it said that beggary is not combine to make the lot of the leper common, being confined almost enthe very embodiment of misery and tirely to the lepers. Their food is despair. Indeed, the very word has scant in amount, their clothing conbecome the synonym for all that is sistsof rags. The normal resisting foul and repulsive. powers of the body being much re- duced by disease, they suffer ex- Siam, like all Oriental lands, has tremely from cold. During all the her full quota of this unfortunate months of the cool season, probably class. In the absence of a census, not one of these sufferers passes a their number is not known, but it is warm or comfortable night. certain to reach many thousands. During the early stages of the dis- Lepers also suffer extremely from ease, the leper is allowed to remain in mental depression, due not only to the his village; usually, however, living effects of the disease, but particularly apart from his family. But, as the dis- to the consciousness of the hopeless ease progresses, the neighbors become character of their malady. The conconcerned. Adverse public opinion stant fear that the day will soon come constrains his friends to shield him no when he no longer will be able to hoblonger, and he is forced to take up the ble from door to door in quest of food homeless, hopeless life of a wandering and must lie down to die of starvation beggar. The Government makes no hangs over the leper like a pall of provision for lepers, save that they are midnight darkness. His hut is unfreed from the necessity of paying speakably poor and mean. Indeed, poll-tax. Feeble attempts at segrega- most of them do not even have a hut tion have not prevented them from

MISSIONARIES DISTRIBUTING CLOTHING TO THE LEPERS OF SIAM to call their own, sleeping in the open This tract of land comprizes 160 where night overtakes them. All in acres, being half of an island in the all their lot is most pitiable; cast out river a few miles below the city of by all men, forsaken, despised and un- Chiengmai. For many years this land clean; hated and feared, and, accord- was the playground of the Governor's ing to Buddhist teaching, without a pet elephant. In spite of the fact that spark of merit, or hope of a better he was the "Good Luck" elephant of future. According to Buddhist be- the Governor, he was a most wilful lief, they are suffering for sins com- and vicious creature. He knew no mitted in a previous state of existence, restraint. If hungry for rice he would and Buddhism can not ever be expect- tear down the granary and help himed to offer them relief. Such relief self; he even demolished the native must come from us who enjoy the houses near by to get the baskets of blessings of health and home and a rice that he knew were there. Unable Christian civilization. longer to endure such raids, the peo- ple fled from the island, leaving the To the thousands of lepers in Siam elephant in possession. Upon the no helping hand has hitherto been death of the elephant, we petitioned stretched out in the way of permanent the Governor for the land, and it is aid, and it is now proposed to estab- now to be devoted to a better purpose. lish an asylum for these needy suf- It is an ideal plot, a good proportion ferers. being suitable for rice-planting, while other portions furnish excellent gar- The Governor of Chiengmai has den plots and building sites. given a tract of land for the purposes The object of a leper asylum is to of .a leper asylum. His gift has been provide for these outcasts a home, confirmed by royal authority in Bangkok.

with the comforts of good food and concomitants of Christianity which the clothing, warmth and shelter, all of American missionary has brought her. which they now lack. Such provision Schools, hospitals, Western medicine, lightens their physical distress, relieves vaccination, and the like are not only their mental depression, which is so welcomed by the people, but are being constant a factor in their suffering, fostered by the Siamese Government, and brings a measure of good cheer and put within the reach of .all the into their hopeless lives. people. It is known to all that these material benefits have come to Siam For more than thirty years the Mis- with the advent of the missionary, and sion to Lepers in India and the East they have very greatly commended has been carrying on work among Christianity to the nation. And we lepers in the Orient, and experience have a right to hope that once the shows that not only do they succeed practical benefits of an asylum are in relieving much suffering, but that seen by the Siamese, the Government a very large proportion of these peo- will take up segregation of the leper ple, to whom the gospel could not be on its own account and Siam may yet preached without the provisions of an be the first of Oriental nations to rid asylum, become Christians of un- herself of the scourge. doubted sincerity. To establish a leper asylum, where Such a work in Siam, while long these outcasts may find comfort of needed, seems particularly opportune body and mind, will be an act of at present. Siam has readily, if not Christian philanthropy which will very eagerly, appropriated many of the A MISSION CHAPEL FOR LEPERS IN NORTHERN SIAM

greatly enhance the favorable opinion, "And behold there came a leper benow held by prince and people alike, seeching him and kneeling down to of the great value of the religion of him and saying unto him, if thou wilt Jesus; so that this project commends thou canst make me clean. And Jesus itself, not only because of the imme- moved with compassion put forth his diate relief it will give to God's suf- hand and touched him and saith unto fering children, but particularly be- him, I will be thou clean." cause it will make for the speedy coming of the Kingdom to all Siam. "For I was an hungered, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty and ye Two thousand dollars will build a gave me drink: I was a stranger and brick cottage which will house in com- ye took me in: naked, and ye clothed fort twenty leper men or twenty leper me: I was sick and ye visited me: I women. One hundred dollars will en- was in prison, and ye came unto me. dow a room in such a cottage. And the King shall answer and say Twenty-five dollars will provide the unto them, Verily I say unto you, inentire support of an adult leper for asmuch as ye have done it unto one one year. Twenty dollars will sup- of the least of these my brethren, ye port an untainted child for one year. have done it unto me."

KO THAH BYU, THE KAREN APOSTLE BY BELLE M. BRAIN, DETROIT, MICHIClAN Ko Thah Byu, the Karen evangelist he had murdered, either as principal whose pioneer work among his coun- or accessory," says one of the mistrymen in Burma won for him the sionaries, "he did not exactly know title "Karen Apostle," was one of the himself; more than thirty, without most notable converts ever won on the doubt, according to his own confesmission field. Never was apostle made sion." of less promising material; never did the grace of God effect a greater The Karens were at that time a transformation. rude, untaught people scattered wide- ly through the jungles of Burma and Ko Thah Byu was born about the adjacent parts of Siam, yet entirely year 1778, in the little village of 00- distinct from the Bunnans, who detwau, four days' journey north of spised and misused them. To escape Bassein. For a full half-century he from oppression, they planted their spent his life in the service of the devil. little villages in the most retpote and As he himself says, he was a wicked, inaccessible places, and rarely came ungovernable boy, with a diabolical among the Burmans unless compelled temper that proved a curse to him to do so. After Judson's arrival in throughout his life. Even after his Rangoon, he occasionally noticed parconversion he had to spend long hours ties of these strange, wild-looking in prayer for strength to overcome it. men, with scant clothing, filthy bodies and long, matted hair, straggling past of At the age fifteen he left home his house. On inquiry he was told that they were Karens and were as and soon became a murderer and robber. "How many of his fellow men

THAH BYU, THE KAREN

untamable as the wild cows of the of the war, in the spring of 1826, mountains. when the mission was removed from , Tho very degraded, the Karens Rangoon to Amherst, in territory were not idolaters, their only form ceded to the British, Ko Shway Bay, of worship consisting of the pro- pitiation of the nats, or evil spirits.

They had a vague knowledge of God, but believed that on account of sin, He had withdrawn Himself from them. Yet they cherished a hope that this would not always be so. Trans- mitted from age to age, through un- written, poetic legends, were' strange prophecies of white strangers who would come across the sea, bringing to them the "words of God," and re- storing them to His favor-prophecies that were almost literally fulfilled by the coming of the missionaries, and led the people to welcome the mes- sage they brought.

Such were Ko Thah Byu's people, HEV. ADONIRAM JUDSON, D.D. to whom, like John the Baptist of old, he became the forerunner of Christ in Born August 9. 1788; died April 12. 1850. the wilderness. Copied from a celebrated oil'painting made in 1845 and now in possession of the American Baptist The first seeds of gospel truth seem Mission Society (formerly A. B. M. U.), Boston.

to have been sown in the heart of Ko with his family and Ko Thah Byu, ac- Thah Byu by the Rev. George H. companied the J udsons thither.

Hough, with whom, in some way, he But Ko Thah Byu's unfortunate came in contact in Rangoon, and for temper rendered him a most unwel- whom he ever cherished the deepest come addition to the Christian home affection. In after years in Tavoy, of his new master. So rude and pas- the name of "Teacher Hough," fre- sionate was he, that in the summer of quently found a place in his public r827, tho he showed much. interest petitions. in the new religion, Ko Shway Bay The next step in Ko Thah Byu's re- felt compelled to send him away. But demption was his purchase, during the Judson was so anxious to continue his first Burman war, by Ko Shway Bay, instruction that he agreed to pay his a Burman convert who had become in- debt if his colleagues, Mr. and Mrs.

terested in the Karens through Jud- Wade, with whom he had made his son. Finding the poor man in home since the death of Mrs. Jud- bondage to a Burman master on ac- son, would find employment for him.

count of a small debt of ten or twelve As they gladly consented to this, Ko rupees, Ko Shway Bay paid the Thah Byu soon came to live beside amount, and according to Burman them in the mission compound.

law, became his owner. At the close Here, as elsewhere, his violent tem-

per caused no little trouble, but the exceedingly dark and ignorant, has begun missionaries were very patient, and to discern the excellence of the religion ere 'long were rewarded by the in- of Christcreased interest he took in spiritual things, But his progress was slow, Early the next year (1828) Ko for his mind was very dark, and again Thah Byu showed such true signs of and again violent outbreaks of tem- saving faith in Christ that the misper cast him down and discouraged sionaries were disposed to grant his request when he asked for baptism, A KAREN V1LLACE IN BPRMA him from praying. Nevertheless he But the little Burman church, having made progress, and on December 31, had less opportunity to witness the 1827, after the mission had been trans- change, refused to grant him admisferred to Maulmein, Judson wrote as sion, declaring that until he gained follows: complete mastery over his temper they could not believe him a true child of One of our hopeful inquirers is Moung God. Notwithstanding this rebuff, he Thah-pyoo,* a Karen by nation, imper- patiently bided their time, and less fectly acquainted with the Burman lan- than three months later was received guage, an,d possest of very ordinary abili- by a cordial vote of all the members. ties, He has been about us several But on the date set for his baptism, months, and we hope that his mind, tho March 30, 1828, Ko Thah Byu was far away. The day before he had • Ko Thah Byu, Mou,,"g and Ko are Burman sailed for Tavoy with the Rev. George titles of respect given to men at different periods of life, and pyoo was an early rendering of Byu.

KO THAH BYU, THE KAREN

Dana Boardman, who had been sent fifty years of age, he made remark- there to open up a new station. able progress in Christian knowledge and faith, and through the power of During the previous year, a Karen the Spirit was able to accomplish a family with three orphan relatives, a very great work. It is estimated that young woman and her two little brothers, had made their appearance '. in Maulmein. So poverty-stricken were they that the missionaries found G~ORGE DANA :BOARDMAN them a place to stay and took the three orphans into their schools. The Bom, February 8, 1801; died, February II, 1831 young woman was very ignorant and very degraded, but she made such he won more than a thousand Karens rapid progress and showed such a to Christ. teachable spirit, that Ko Thah Byu made her his wife. She was baptized Immediately after his baptism he in less than a year after he was set out from Tavoy to carry the mes- (March 20, 1829) and became a most sage of salvation to the Karen settleearnest Christian. ments in the Tenasserim valley be- yond the eastern mountains. But the When Mr. Boardman was asked to rainy season had set in, and the rains open the new station at Tavoy, he de- were so heavy and the streams so cided to take some of his Maulmein swollen that after a few days he was school-boys with him, among them obliged to turn back. But on the way the two little brothers of Ko Thah he turned aside to visit a little settle- Byu's wife. But they refused to ment of Karens on Khat Creek, a leave their sister and she was un- short day's journey from Tavoy. willing to let them go so far from her. Here he won his first convert, Moung It was therefore arranged that Ko Khway, a brother of the chief of the Thah Byu should accompany Mr. village, who accompanied him to Boardman and take them all with Tavoy to see the White Teacher. This him.

One of Mr. Boardman's first acts, after reaching Tavoy, was the longdeferred baptism of this first Karen convert, which took place early in the morning of May 16, r828, in a little pool near the city, now called Lake Ko Thah Byu. As this event marked the beginning of the wonderful work among the Karens, the date is a notable one in the history of missIOns.

The change in Ko Thah· Byu was very great. He who had once ruthlessly destroyed life, now went forth to give life and teach men how to live. Tho a dull and ignorant man,

man soon became an earnest Christian, worship. You have been ignorantly with whose help almost the entire vil- worshiping this book; that is not lage was eventually won to Christ. good." He then read portions of the Psalms and talked and prayed with In July, Ko Thah Byu was off them. So great was their interest again for a short tour into the jungle. that the entire company stayed two Returning after five days, he reported days. that at Thalu the entire village had listened eagerly to his message. Toward the close of September, Ko Thah Byu made a second attempt to As a result of Ko Thah Byu's work, reach the Karens beyond the eastern the news of the White Teacher who mountains. Taking with him Moung had come across the sea bringing the Sekku, a Karen convert, as guide and "words of God" with him was spread- companion, he stopt first at Tshiekku, ing far and wide through the jungles, the village of the sacred book, where and presently parties of Karens be- he was received with joy by the peogan to arrive, some from long dis- ple. They listened eagerly to his tances, to see and hear for themselves. message, and at the close of a second visit made in November, ten of them Among these visitors there came accompanied him to Tavoy to learn one day the chief of the village of more of Christ from the White Tshiekku, accompanied by a prophet Teacher. or sorcerer, called the bookho, who wore a fantastic robe .and carried a In January, 1829, the Karens havheavy wand or cudgel. They had ing begged him to visit their villages, come to consult Mr. Boardman about Mr. Boardman decided to make his a book that had been left at their first tour into the jungles. To Mrs. village twelve years before by a Boardman, who had just recovered traveling Mussulman who told them from a long and serious illness, the it was sacred and they must worship thought of being left alone in a it. It had been given into the care of heathen city with her two little chilthe bookho, who kept it, carefully dren and none but dusky faces around wrapt in many folds of muslin, in her, while her husband braved the a basket or case made of reeds plas- dangers of an unexplored wilderness, tered with pitch. After hearing. the was at first almost unbearable. Yet story, Mr. Boardman advised them to she bravely let him go, and on Febgo home and bring him the book. ruary 5, when he started out, the wife of Ko Thah Byu, whose husband had In a few days they came again with also gone, lovingly tried to console a large party of the villagers. As her. "Weep not, mama," she said; these stood around in awed yet eager "the teacher has gone on a message silence, the bookho opened the basket of compassion to my poor perishing and reverently unfolding its many countrymen. They have never heard wrappings, placed in Mr. Boardman's of the true God, and the love of His hands a worn-out, tattered copy of Son, Jesus Christ-Christ, who died "The Book of Common Prayer and on the cross to save sinners. They the Psalms," printed in Oxford! know nothing of the true religion, mama; and when they die they can "It is a good book," said Mr. Boardman; "it teaches that there is a God in heaven whom alone we should

i o] KO THAH nYu, THE KAREN

not go to the golden country of the only as an interpreter but as a blessed. God will take care of the preacher. At the end of ten days, teacher; do not weep, mama." during which he had traveled more than a hundred miles, much of it Arriving on the third day at through a trackless wilderness infested Tshiekku, the village of the sacred by wild beasts, Mr. Boardman rebook, from which a special invitation turned to Tavoy, more interested in had come, Mr. Boardman was re- the Karens than ever. ceived with great rejoicing. In anticipation of his coming, a large zayat From this time on they came to SOME NAT OR DEMON ALTARS~ BURMA had been built, and in the evening he Tavoy in ever increasing numbers, preached to an audience of thirty, Ko and Ko Thah Byu was untiring in his Thah Byu repeating the message to efforts to win them to ellrist. "A those who did not understand Bur- good number of Karens are now with . man. So intense was the interest that us," says Mr. Boardman's journal, many remained all night in the zayat, "and Ko Thah Byu spends night and and next day a still larger audience day in reading and explaining to them gathered. the words of eternal life."

At each village on the tour Mr. Yet Ko Thah Byu was not content Boardman was treated with the great- to remain for any great length of time est respect, for everywhere the way in Tavoy. He could not rest satishad been prepared by Ko Thah Byu, fied until the gospel had been preached who was an invaluable assistant, not to every Karen. Notwithstanding his

THE KO THAH flYU M E MORIAL, BASSE IN, BURMA age, he declared it his purpose to visit In December of the same year, after the Karen settlements, not only in the months of busy work in many places, districts of Pai ant! Palau, and the Ko Thah Byu started across the great province of Mergui, but also across mOtlI1tains to preach to the Karens in the border into Siam; and then to go Siam. He had recently met some to Bassein, his native place in Burma from that country who pleaded with proper, near Rangoon, Through the him to come over and help them, and blessing of God, he was able to carry he felt it his duty to go. On the day out most of this program. of his departure, Boardman wrote: In March, 1829, not long after his Having solemnly commended the Kamemorable tour with Mr. Boardman, he set out, accompanied by Moung rens, and especially Ko Thah Byu, to the Sekku, on the first of these long journeys, expecting to go as far as Mergui. divine blessing, we sent him on his jour- But on reaching Palouk, he became ney this morning. I gave him an affecvery ill, and could not go on. But he tionate letter of introduction, written in sent Moung Sekku to preach in the both Burman and English, to the. people villages round about, aml when he and the "powers that be." was able to be moved, chose a zigzag path home, in order to reach as many On reaching the Siamese border, villages as possible. Tho in some re- however, the authorities refused to spects disappointing, the tour was not allow him to enter, on account of his without fruit, for wherever Ko Thah being an "elder." But Moung Sekku Byu went, he won souls. Even the was permitted to go .on,. and he man at whose house he lay ill at Pa- preached the gospel to many who louk eventually became a true Chris- were ready to listen. tian. In the spring of 1830, Ko Thah Byu went to Maulmein with Mr. and Mrs. Boardman, both of whom were seriously ill. There he rendered

THAH BYU, THE KAREN APOSTLE . 37

. l;J OCP ()F ;iXfIYE PASTORS IN TH E SGA", K/R.EN SLTION, BASST<:lN, BCRMA valuable service in the work of the who had providentially arrived from mISSIOn and in preaching to the America ten days before. Karens in the neighboring jungle. At the end of November Ko Thah Byu Early in 1832, when Mr. Mason set out to spread the news of made his first tour of exploration the home-coming of Mr. and Mrs. through the province, he took Ko Boardman. Everywhere the news Thah Byu with him. Stopping at noon was hailed with great joy, for the on the first day out at an old walled Karens had feared they might never Burman town which had the most see the beloved White Teacher again. famous idol in the province of Tavoy, At once they began flocking into the Mr. Mason left Ko Thah Byu to rest city, with hands full of gifts, and when in one of the zayats while he went to Ko Thah Byu returned, at the end of the villages roundabout. Expecting two weeks, he brought forty more to find the old man asleep on his rewith him, many of whom wished to turn, he was amazed to find him adbe baptized. dressing a crowd of Burmans who were held spellbound by the strange Less than two months later the be- power of his flashing eyes. loved Boardman passed away, dying in the wilderness, whither he had "The first sentence I heard on comgone, borne on a cot, to fulfil a promise ing up," says Mr. Mason, was" 'Your made some months before, to meet the god was a black kulu' [foreigner]. disciples and baptize the new converts. The words were uttered with such a Tho unable to do more than whisper peculiar expression of countenance a few words of counsel, he had wit- that a dozen years have not effaced it nessed with joy the immersion of the from my memory. It has been said candidates by the Rev. Francis Mason, by one of the brethren, 'If ever a man hated idolatry, Ko Thah Byu did.'

Were I able to throw on canvass Ko as when preaching to those who would Thah Byu's countenance at that mo- listen to him for hours. "In seasons ment, everyone that looked on it of special interest," says one of the would say, 'If ever a man hated missionaries, "he not only continued idolatry, Ko Thah Byu did.' " his speech like Paul, until midnight, On reaching the eastern settlements, but not infrequently till break of day."

where great changes had been As . an illustration of his love for wrought, almost entirely through Ko preaching, it is related that once, when Thah Byu's labors, the Karen Chris- in great danger, while out in a boat tians came forth in troops to welcome at Maulmein, he showed no fear of them. After journeying for nearly a death, but merely exclaimed: "I shall month among unconverted heathen, be drowned and never more preach the contrast presented by these Karen the word of God to the Karens!"

converts and their neat, well-ordered To those who ask how such an ig- homes, was so overwhelmingIy great norant man could preach with such that Mr. Mason wrote as follows: power, the answer is ready-his I cry no longer the horrors of heathen- strength lay in prayer. One who ism, but the blessings of missions; I date knew him says: no longer from a heathen land. Heathen- It was his practise to read and pray ism has fled these banks. r eat the rice, aloud constantly, tho in a low tone of voice. I have known him to spend whole the yams, the fruit, cultivatecl by Chris- days ill this way. After evening worship tian hands; look on the fields of Chris- he would commence again, and continue tians, and see no dwellings but those in- until nine, ten and even eleven o'clock, habited by Christian families. I am seated when he would retire, but not to spend in the midst of a Christian village, sur- the whole night in sleep. V'hen I knew rounded by a people that love as Chris- him, he used seldom to spend a night tians, converse as Christians, act like without praying three times, or at least Christians, and look like Christians. as often as he awoke; and I have heard Surely a voyage around the globe would it said that he has occasionally spent be amply repaid by a Sabbath spent in whole nights in prayer to God. this valley.

But great as was Ko Thah Byu's work, it soon became apparent that in Early in 1833, Ko Thah Byu re- communities such as this, his useful- moved from Tavoy to Maulmein, ness was largely at an end. He was where he at once began work among an ignorant man, and his opportu- the Karens in the jungles. But after nities for study had been so limited a few months he went with the Rev.

that many of the Karen Christians, Cephas Bennett to Rangoon, where, especially the younger ones, soon came among the Karens of Bassein, to to know more than he, making his whom as yet no one had carried the ministrations less and less acceptable gospel, he was permitted to do a work to them. fully as great as that at Tavoy.

As a pioneer he was still unsur- Two days after his arrival in Ran- passed, and in this work God contin- goon, in April, 1833, leaving his wife ued to bless him, giving him hundreds and child in the care of the Bennetts, of souls for his hire. Preaching he set out for the jungles. In May he Christ had become the ruling passion was back again, having visited seven of his life, and he was never so happy villages and distributed 150 tracts.

KO THAH BYU, THE KAREN APOSTLE

At first the Karens were somewhat ber 10, scarcely six months .after Ko unwilling to listen to him, being Thah Byu's advent among them, the afraid of the Burman Government, but first four Karens from the new field by and by he had succeeded in win- were baptized. After that the numning their interest. ber of converts steadily increased, and the villages in the wilderness began· When the rainy season came on, to take on a new appearance. making touring impracticable, Ko Thah Byu opened a little school in a Presently a time of sore persecuvillage of the Maubee district where tion came on. The Burman Governhis brother was governor, and some ment, becomin~: alarmed at so many of the people ,,~ere anxious to learn Karens embracing a foreign religion, how to read. Here he spent most of tried to stop it by fines and imprisonthe summer faithfully sowing the seed. ment and other forms of oppression. But the work did not stop. Notwith- Meanwhile, as a result of his work, standing their sufferings, the Karens the Karens began to come to Rangoon proved true, and in 1836, when to see the White Teacher, by ones and Messrs. Vinton, Abbott and Howard twos at first, but presently in such made a trip up the Irawady, they overwhelming numbers that, under found in the Maubee district, where the date of October 28, 1833, Mr. Bennett persecution had been most severe, a wrote to Judson at Maulmein as fol- large number of Karens who had long lows: been waiting for baptism. Of the 173 baptized at this time, nearly all testi- Weare ih distress and send to you fied that they had first heard the gosfor relief. For the last few days our pel from Ko Thah Byu. house and the small house of Ko Thah Eyu have been thronged. As Ko Thah Soon after the persecution began, Eyu has been unable to go out as soon Ko Thah Byu, in response to the as he had intended, in consequence of pleadings of his friends, fled to Pegu, his wife's illness, the Karens are throng- taking some of the disciples with him. ing us-men, women and ·children, all Here, among the 2,000 Karens of the anxiously inquiring about the religion of province, he found a new field of Jesus. They are all anxious for schools work. After remaining for some time, and offer to build zayats for preaching if wandering from village to village, he some one will come to them. There are went to Maulmein at the beginning of very many who already keep the Lord's day, I837. After a few months here, he and endeavor to instruct one another. went with Mr. Abbott once more to They daily read our tracts, and all get Rangoon. together in their families, and sing and pray to the God who rules in heaven. On his arrival in April, the old man went at once into the jungles, where What shall we do? Ko Thah Eyu is he spent the next six months among only one among a thousand. He can not the Christians in the villages of preach the Gospel and teach these peo- Maubee. Being now nearly blind and ple to "read in their own language" the greatly afflicted with rheumatism, he precious truths of God's word at the was no longer able to engage in same time. . . . Can you send us any itinerating work. But the Maubee vilassistance? If so, do; for Christ and His lages were close together and connectcause require it. I hope Ko Thah Byu will soon be able to go out and do something; but he can not do all alone.

Before long the seed sown began to produce a great harvest. On N ovem-

ed by good roads, so that, by making his illness, and at times his old tema long stay at each, he was able to per tried to return, yet he was very visit them all. In November, his submissive, and perfectly willing to health becoming more feeble, he re- die. "He had no fears," says Mr. Abturned to Maulmein. batt; "'as it pleases God' seemed to be the frame of his spirit. To the In February, 1840, when Mr. Ab- last he had not an anxious thought as bott left Maulmein to open a new sta- to his destiny; his usual reply to my tion at Sandoway in the province questions on the subject was, 'Teacher, of Arracan, he took Ko Thah God will preserve me.' " Byu and his family with him, stationing them at a little Karen On September 9, r840, he passed village not far from the city. Here, just as the old man was beginning to away, a: good and faithful servant of reap the first fruits of his labors in Arracan, God called him home. His God, whose memory is cherished, not sufferings from rheumatism had only in Burma, but wherever his story grown so great that at times he was is known. No monument marks his unable to walk, or even to rise, and a last resting-place; but in 1878, fifty violent cold, settling on his lungs, years after his baptism and one hunmade him so ill that he knew death dred years after his birth, the jubilee was near. of the Karen Mission was celebrated in Bassein by the dedication of Ko As he exprest a wish to die near Thah Byu Memorial Hall, a beautiful the missionary, Mr. Abbott sent a boat building paid for by the Bassein and had him brought in to the city. Karens and set apart for the use of His sufferings were very great during the Bassein Sgaw Karen Normal and Industrial Institute.

LIGHT AND SHADE IN TURKEY BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY Constitutional government and uni- of its inefficiency and of the time versal contentment are by no means wasted by it on useless details. True, synonymous in the Ottoman Empire. its sessions were sadly broken into by Some people are by nature such the disastrous fire that destroyed the inveterate grumblers that nothing splendid home of Parliamentsatisfies them. With others, in this Cheragan Palace-and that necessiempire, liberty of speech means liberty tated their moving from pillar to post to grumble and criticize.. But one can for many weeks. But one must also not deny that there is still plenty of remember that the Deputies of the cause for discontent, even after nearly present chamber are those elected by two years of constitutional freedom. men who not only had no means of The Parliament, now in its second knowing what sort of men they were session, is indeed more manageable electing, and for what sort of duties, than the premature creation of 1876; but who even knew absolutely nothbut, after all, what has it done? The ing of the ballot and were voting for local dailies teem with just complaints the first tim~ in their lives. Small

I 01 LIGHT AND SHADE IN TURKEY

wonder, then, that among these as of property. Two Moslem teach- Deputies there are many whose ers, who last year became Christians, records will never enable them to sit had to flee to Bulgaria for their lives; again. One thing they appear to have and even there they found themselves learned well, and that is the value of in imminent danger, and have fled to red tape. Legislation that ought to Germany. Moslem fanaticism is far have been passed months ago is still from being destroyed. referred to one committee or office after another, while the country waits. It is easy to be a pessimist. Not a Concessions and franchises are ap- single mile of railroad has been built plied for and neither granted nor re- under the new regime. Not a telefused. And much-needed reforms are phone line is yet in use by the public much further along in the newspapers in the whole empire. The public roads than in Parliament. are still in large degree impassable for wagons in winter. The postal service But it is not merely in the Chamber has not been so improved as to show of Deputies that things are not what any prospect of making unnecessary they should be. The courts of justice the foreign post-offices that have for are still far from perfect. There is many years been examples of efficiency' great dissatisfaction, and rightly so, in the empire. The customs tax of with the court martial at Adana, eight per cent. has been raised to charged with investigating the mas- eleven per cent., and the effort is now sacre of last April. There are several being made to raise it to fifteen per cases where Armenians have been cent. And more significant still, there sentenced heavily for minor offenses, are grave rumors of dissension within while Turks guilty of murder or the Party of Union and Progress, and pillage have had a merely nominal sen- of dissatisfaction with the new Sultan tence. And several high officials, some and a wish to remove him and put the of them at the capital, while openly heir presumptive on the throne. And charged with being criminally im- the cabinet is known to be in immiplicated in the massacre, are allowed nent danger of a fall. freedom and even public office. But all is not black, by any means. Religious Liberty What has been done is by no means a slight accomplishment. First of all, As for religious freedom, the con- freedom of speech and of the press is stitution says explicitly that the State a fact. True, a paper may be supreligion is Islam; and while it guaran- prest for articles adjudged subversive tees the free practise of all other re- of the public good; but we sometimes ligions, and theoretically does not in- wish there were at least that measure terfere with anyone's personal con- of censorship in America. People are victions, yet it is as dangerous for a allowed to think aloud, and are waking Moslem to become an avowed Chris- up to that privilege. It is a valuable tian to-day as it ever was j and even incentive to legislators to know that his right to do so is denied in high there is a thinking and reading conquarters. If there were actual liberty stituency back of them. Then again, to turn Christian, we doubt not there the abominable system of espionage, would be many that would do so. But of Abd-ul-Hamid's reign, is gone. it still involves the risk of life as well

Even under martial law, such as has to-day that is really creditable. Great been in force in the capital for nearly praise is due to Admiral Sir Ernest a year, men do not suspect their own Gamble, of the British navy, who has neighbors and brothers and sons of be- reorganized and rejuvenated the Otto- traying them to the Government. One man navy. Some sixty-five old hulks can hold his head up now and be a of varying degrees of rottenness have man, not a cringing, cowering slave. been sold for old junk; and the really And the finances of the country are in available ships of war have made a better shape than ever before. The cruise in the .L£gean Sea, indulging in receipts for December, 1909, exceeded maneuvers which have made the ma- those of December, 1908, by nearly rines feel that they were not merely a twenty per cent. Under the able advice joke. Admiral Gamble Pasha has been of M. Laurent, the French financial compelled by ill-health to retire, but the expert, taxes are being collected more navy has begun to feel itself a power.

justly, and are reaching the Govern- In the recent acute phase of the ment better, for leakages have been Cretan difficulty, the Ottoman Gov- stopt. The imperial purse is regulated ernment won golden opinions abroad by law, and the salaries of the higher by its self-control under very great officials are regularly paid, and no provocation. The island has been for longer have to be eked out by bribes. a dozen years under a joint European And the enormous drain of maintain- protectorate, as an integral part of the ing the incredible army of spies, under Ottoman Empire. But the Cretan the old regime, is no longer a tax on Assembly declared the island united the resources of the country. to Greece; they took the oath of al- Moreover, the army was never in legiance to King George of Greece; better discipline than now. The events they surcharged their stamps of last April proved that the Mace- "Greece"; and the Greeks were many danian troops were under admirable of them for welcoming the upstart control. And the war-clouds which island with open arms. Instead, how- have hung low over the Greek and ever, of sending their fleet over from Bulgarian horizons, tho they seem Smyrna to Crete, and forcing the now to be disappearing without a issue, the Turks left the matter in the storm under the genial influences of hands of the European powers, and spring, have yet served as an in- controlled remarkably well their hot- centive to great activity in the army, heads and their newspapers at home; which is in excellent shape. A very till now the danger seems to have moderate element of non-Moslem blown over.

blood is now being infused into the In our missionary work, two results army, in the enlisting of Jewish, Greek, have already been seen connected with Armenian and. Bulgarian soldiers; the new liberty in the land. One is and while this introduces all sorts of in the increasing readiness of the practical problems as well, which are evangelical churches to assume entire hard to solve, it gives a new incentive self-support. Three such churches in to more and better drilling as well. Constantinople have, since the consti- For the first time since the battle of tution went in force, accepted willing- Navarino, 1827, Turkey has a navy ly reductions in the amount of aid

REAL MEANING OF THE TURKISH REVOLUTION

given them from abroad, and all three weekly paper for young men applied are aiming at speedy self-support. The to the editor of an evangelical weekly other result is in increased con- to furnish them with a series of tact with the Moslems. Into our articles that they might publish in schools they are now coming in in- their paper. They were willing to accreasing numbers. Not a few are at- cept anything in the moral or ethical tending the regular preaching services line which did not directly attack in various places and a large number Islam or preach Christianity. It is ask for opportunities of private con- a new thing for Turks to apply to ference with missionaries and Arme- Armenians for instruction! nian pastors. There are practically no obstacles to social contact with the With such facts as the above to en- Moslems. Joint meetings of Moslems courage us, surely he has very little and Christians for the purpose of dis- faith who can be a pessimist. There cussing ethical and religious themes are clouds about us; but the Sun is are becoming more frequent. One above, and wiIl scatter them like the such was held last week, at which a morning fog. And if to-day we can Turkish M. P. and an Armenian evan- not see far ahead of us, we can still gelical pastor joined in combating the look up. And around us there is an agnosticism of Herbert Spencer, be- increasing number of others who are fore a large audience. A few weeks also looking up. And the Master ago the Moslem editors of a Turkish Himself looks down on us, and His smile is worth all the rest.

THE REAL MEANING OF THE TURKISH REVOLUTION * BY J. J. COOKSEY A missionary among Moslems The secular press of Britain has in the Koran and its commentaries, largely regarded it as a political re- and enforced by reiterated injunction, form movement, nothing more; a few writers, as well as some of the most that friendship with Christians and important French organs, have per- Jews is forbidden, and that their counceived that, by the very constitution sel, opinion, and ways .are to be avoid- ed and rejected.

of a Mohammedan state, no move- Hence the fanatical hatred and ment of such a radical character was cleavage between Europe and the possible without carrying with it a Moslem East for the past twelve cenprofound religious significance and turies. The chief nation holding this practical change in its outlook and belief is Turkey; chief not because policy; the purpose of this article is having the largest Moslem population, to make this fact clear. but because its Sultan is, more or less, the acknowledged Caliph of the Mos- Let it be laid down firstly that lem world; that is, deputy upon earth Islam; like Judaism, divides men into for God, and Mohammed his apostle. two classes, with a distinction sharp The office is more religious than secand irrevocable; that of Believers and Unbelievers-enlightened ones and ular, and is comparable to the Papacy darkened ones. Religion, much more in its status and world-wide influence. than race, in both cases, is the great Hence the fanatical hatred and cleavdivider. It is laid down most clearly age between Europe and the Moslem * Condensed from the N o.tn African.

East for the past twelve centuries. The priestly revolt which followed With these facts before us, we may was to be expected; the countermove gage the tremendous significance of which for a time restored supreme the movement we have witnessed, power to their patron was solely the when the heads of the nation turned work of the priests, and was originatto the West and said, "Teach us, we ed and executed upon the ground that are ignorant; le.ad us, we are astray." the innovation was contrary in every Young Turkey sought the dynamic of sense to the teaching of Islam; withregeneration in the schools of Europe out doubt they were correct, as also and found it; found it in those high were the priestly party who hindered for so long, upon the same grounds, principles of Justice, Responsibility the struggles of Persia for similar and Liberty which are the bases of liberty. European civilization and the pillars of the gospel. Precious fruits have already been reaped in variety; more will surely Were ever revolutionaries so revo- follow. Worthy citizenship, not an lutionary as these men of Turkey? iron creed, must continue to be the The word has at last received its full basis of civic life and preferment. In significance. The main principles of some directions there may appear in- dications that the privileges of Eu- Mohammedan rule, based upon the ropeans will be curtailed; yet in the teaching of the Koran and the Sunna, main, .and in permanent fact, the new are irresponsibility in the ruler, denial order can make for nothing but inof liberty to the subject, and an ar- creased opportunity for extending the bitrary conception of justice, based borders of the Everlasting Kingdom. upon caprice more than equity. These three principles applied to the modern This movement is significant for the whole Moslem world; all will be theocracy denominate the relations affected by it. I am writing this at subsisting between God and man, and Susa, a city in southern Tunisia. man and his fellow who is subject to During the past few weeks intelligent him; they account for the fatalism, sin- natives have, upon their own initiative, blindness and moral turpitude of the discust the question with me; they East, and also for the monstrosities of clearly see that in principle and fact governmental rule which ended in the Islam is being forced into a new path which will conduct it eventually to deposition of Abdul Hamid. dissolution. The momentous changes were crys- The time has fully come for a tallized by the formation of a represen- worthy effort by the Church of God tative government upon European in Moslem lands. The hand of Provlines; and to give this legal sanction, idence has been unmistakably shown; it was necessary to procure a Fatwah throughout the Turkish Empire, defrom the Sheik EI Islam, the spiri- velopment and enterprise should be tual head of the priesthood. This is a the watchword; and here also in North pronouncement based upon the teach- Africa, in the important lands of ing of the Koran and the Sunna, ad- Tunisia, Algeria, Tripoli and Momitting or excluding any proposed rocco, once the scene of gospel measure involving change. A study of the terms of the Fatwah would, I triumph, and the home of some of the doubt not, convince those who are in- noblest sons of the Church of God, clined to regard this revolution as the we may witness great things when the unsupported hands of isolated misnatural evolution of Islam to meet sionaries are joined in spiritual commodern needs, that the facts are ex- pact and material support, with a actly opposite; only one or two ex- strong home organization, pledged to tracts have reached me. One of its the utmost of spiritual faith and enprincipal points, however, was a re- terprise. puted utterance by Mohammed, to the effect that, "It is good for a man to take counsel with his neighbor."

EDITORIALS

THOSE THAT STAY BY THE STUFF know the facts, to· go and to plead, and to give, shall have equal share Among other circumstances having in the final results and reward. We in Holy Scripture a conspicuous know a hopelessly invalid woman in prominence, manifestly meant for em- Manchester, England, whose heart is phasis, is the following: in China and has been for many years, but whose body is unequal to the trial As his part is that goeth down to the of voyage and service; yet her serene peace, sacred enthusiasm, unceasing battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by prayer, systematic giving, have stimthe stuff: they shall part alike. And it was ulated many another to read and give and pray and go. Manifestly, all are so from that day forward, that he made not called to the front; otherwise there could be no line of communication it a statue and an ordinance for Israel unto kept up between the church at home this day. -I Samuel, xxx, 24: 25. and the host abroad-and whence would come the supply wagons with Compare Numbers xxxi, II-27, Joshua their sacred freight of Bibles and tracts, money and what is far more xxii,8. precious, the invisible contributions of love and community of interest! Truly Unexpected spoils, tempting cupid- the one essential thing is "let every ity, proved a pretext for a serious one in that calling wherein he is quarrel, the selfishness and sordidness found, therein abide with God." The of the "children of Belial" claiming it secret of all cooperation lies not in the all for those who had actually fought sphere of action or kind of activity, in the battle. But David justly de- but in the spirit of service. God alone creed that the two hundred warriors knows where each may be of most use whose strength had been overtaxed, and He distributes to each severally and whose faintness compelled them to tarry at the brook, Besor, should as He will. One may be in China unshare the booty equally with those who called and unblest; another may be in had gone to the front. And the no- America, yearning after China, but ticeable thing is that for all coming recognized and rewarded as if there time he thus established a precedent, actively engaged. What a wonderful and the principle he then adopted be- God we are serving, to whom "if there came "a statute and an ordinance for be first a willing mind, it is accepted, not according to what one hath not Israel" from that day. . but according to what he hath"; so This fixt decree has a universal .that in His eyes every man has per- formed that which in his heart he has bearing, and affects the whole work truly purposed-the achievement being of the church universal at home and measured not by what is done but by abroad. There is a pathetic legend what is willed. He sets our limitathat when the church of St. Sophia tions of time, money, health, and was building at Constantinople, in 325 providential hindrances. But there is A.D., a poor bedridden woman who, one thing He never limits, and that is from her window saw the oxen slip- the honest, earnest purpose. That He ping back on the rough roadway as permits to be as gigantic as the love they toiled up the hill dragging the of the heart will have it, and He reheavy stones for the structure and wards a great desire .and determinatearing their hoofs, she had the straw tion even tho fleshly conditions and from her own pallet scattered on the worldly restrictions prevent its exe- roadway to help these struggling cution. beasts of burden; and that, when the day of dedication came, the name of this obscure "Maria" was found engraven by unknown hands on its portal. In all God's work those who are kept at home, and tarry by the stuff; who by prayer, almsgiving, heart-yearning, are helping others to

EXPENSES AND RESULTS AT HOME parative activity and benevolence of the various ecclesiastical bodies, and AND ABROAD (See Statistical the disproportion between the home and foreign laborers. Possibly these Table.) comparative results may show how in some cases a more equitable distribu- Some interesting facts will be dis- tion both of men and money might be covered by .a careful study of the ac- made were there a quickened sense of companying table. Notwithstanding responsibility. the incompleteness, inaccuracy and lack of uniformity in statistical tables, It is also interesting to note that the approximations to truth and fact are missionary societies with the largest possible through them, and anyone average gain in communicants have who will carefully examine the ac- also high average gifts per member. companying table will find much food Almost uniformly the societies that for both reflection and instruction. contribute the most to missionary work support the largest number of mis- Here the largest contributions to sionaries and receive the largest numforeign missions are found to be from ber of converts. The smaller societies the Methodists, North; the Baptists, generally cost more to maintain and North; the Presbyterians and Congre- yield less visible fruit. gationalists; but the largest average gift per member is in one of the But the most noticeable feature of smallest bodies, the United Presby- this comparative study is that almost terians, who contribute $2.56, which is invariably the number of converts to more than double most of the other every ordained minister are from two denominations. There are but two ex- to ten times as great in foreign lands ceptions and both these the smaller de- as at home. Surely it is not waste of nominations. men and money to obey the Lord's great command to disciple the na- The largest number of ordained tions. ministers abroad is found in the Methodist, Congregational, Baptist THE. EXAMPLE OF KOREA and Presbyterian bodies; but when the comparison is instituted between the MISSIONARIES home body and the foreign body of ordained workers, we find the United The missionaries in Korea have set Presbyterians have about one-eighth a noble example of faith and works. as many abroad as at home, and the They have set a mark for I,OOO,OOO Congregationalists nearly reach this converts to Christ this year and the proportion, but the Baptists, North, native Christians are entering into the have but one-fourteenth, the Presby- campaign in earnest. The faithful terians one-seventeenth, etc. missionaries and their native band of workers do not make the mistake of As to gains in communicants, sim- depending on mere enthusiasm, or ilar instructive comparisons are sug- advertisement, or numbers, or money, gested. The largest average gain per or human agency. They depend on minister at home is among the Ger- the Spirit of God first to stir their man Evangelical body, IO.3; next own hearts and purify and empower among the Methodists, South, 6.9; the their own lives, then to stir the church largest average gain abroad is that of at home to renewed prayer and supthe United Brethren, which reaches port, and finally to act on the hearts the high figure of 4I.7; the next high- of the heathen men and women in the est being the Presbyterians, North, field. The revival movements have 25.7, and the United Presbyterians, already shown that machinery and or- 23.6; and the smallest, that of the ganization are not always needed to Lutheran General Council, .9I. produce results and that nothing is too Upon these figures we make no comment. We simply call attention to hard for God. them, if possibly they suggest any What might not be accomplished if wholesome lessons as to the com-

AMERICAN CHURCHES· AND FOREIGN MISSIONS IN

A Comparison of Home and Foreign Work of the Protestant Denominations .. . " I Ordained Ministers ~ i~~.:: Gain in Communicants IAz,'erage Gain Per Minister .l~-~~ .,1~<:>~~ LEADING .. ..,,:.';:~.., …. E ",'~ ~ ;:' ~ '..c…. oM -f!.. '.~.. ~~ ":::.._. ·'~"~~~.f…r.. ~~ ….~ ~ ::~t: g :-t;" ~ ;t . . ;t"":: … – I—~-·£– 1—~–~-~–I.–~-~–I—-:t:—I.-;;-~-;-ti;-:-i:-~- 1—:s"I-~6,-'~-~-:-II–"'-~-~-~-~–I—'-:—I-:;:-'-]-~~ DENOMINATIONSt;I';) ..c~:j ——–.– ___ .___, Baptists (North)……………… ….. … 1,176,380 $1,151,354 $0.91 8,095 578 8,065 2.1 14. Baptists (South)., ….. , …..•••. ;……. 2,139,080 460,798 .21 U,6SS Baptists (Colored) .. ,……………….. 1,874,261 23,537 .01 12,602 193 2,905 4.1 15. Congregationalists ………………… '" 947,163 1.02 6,026 Disciples of Christ………………….. 732,500 450,106 .04 6,460 99 •.••. 300 .. 3. Evangelical Association ……..••. ;……. 1,273,357 30,474 .36 Society of F-riends (Orthodox)………….. 82,000 .85 991 433 13,305 5,914 2.2 13.7 Lutheran General Synod…………….. 106,957 85,300 .30 1-.341 Lutheran General Council……………. 96,005 34,167 .08 1',320 232 1,368 2,537 decrease 10.9 German Evangelical Synod……………. 284,805 28,419 .11 1,487 Methodist (North)………………….. 452,818 .63 1,002 31 1,224 111 1.1 3.6 Methodist (South)………………….. 249,137 2,019,084 .46 18,160 Methodist (African)…………………. 3,159,913 831,998 .04 7,287 44 1,074 360 .8 8.2 Methodist Protestant ……..•.••..•..••• 1,780,778 15,480 .13 6,353 Moravian * …………………. ,…… 452,126 24,630 1,348 18 3,827 218 2.9 12.3 Presbyterian (North)………………… 188,122 1.13 Presbyterian (South)………………… 17,572 1,487,160 1.53 134 11 5,700' 1;000 3.8 9.1 Presbyterian, United,……………….. 1,311,828 412,156 2:56 8,916 Protestant EpiscopaL………………… 269,733 340,935 .77 1,625 8 10,332 130 10.3 16.2 Reformed (Dutch)………………….. 132,925 708,928 Reformed (German)…………………. 9iz,I23 205,373 I 1.76 995 933 47,425 17,157 2.5 18.4 United 'Brethren., ….. ,…………….. 116,174 95,000 .32 5,272 293,836 100,459 .35 191 50,164 2,430 6.9 12.7 285,019 727 1,2.0 16 •…. 214 •• 13.4 1,874 12 2,586 210 . decrease 17.5 . •• 129 •••• .9 562 33,569 14,409 3.8 25.7 97 •. •• • 2,219 22.S 121 3,361 2,860 3.4 23.6 222 25,700 1,643 4.9 7.4 72 965 308 decrease 4.3 31 4,508 87 3.7 2.8 40 5,173 1,671 2.7 41.7 I * The 1ioravian headquarters are in Germany and we have not the separate statistics for Americ:a.-EDITOR~.

CHURCH STATISTICS FOR

Prepared tor Tlte Christian Advocate, by Dr. H. K. Carroll ————————————-,———————-~I~G~A~IN-S- ORDER OF DENOMINATIONS SUMMARY FOR 1909 1909 I Rank in Communi- -M–in-is_· ·I,C·h– – – – –'———1- DENOMINATIONS Rank in Communi· Communi- Commu- ters DENOMINATIONS urches cants nicants ———————1 1909 cants 1890 cants – – – – -:-:–~–:-:-:-..,——.~– -~- –~-I—- Adventists (6 bodies)…………………. 1,154 2,479 91,951 d1,572 Roman Catholic ………………. . 1 12,354,596 6,231,417 1 Baptists (15 bodies)………………….. 40,455 55,304 5,510,590 91,933 Methodist Episcopal ……………. . 2 3,159,913 Regular Baptist (Sollth) ………… . 2 2,240,354 Brethren (Dunkards, 4 bodies)…………. 3,412 1,188 122,847 2,139,080 515 Regular Baptist (Colored) ………. . 3 4 1,280,066 Brethren (Plymouth, 4 bodies)…………. . . . . 403 10,566 3,905 4 1,874,261 3 1,348,989 Brethren (River, 3 bodies)…………….. 220 102 4,847 433 Methodist Episcopal, South ……… . 5 1,780,778 5 1,209,976 Buddhists (2 bodies)………………….. 15 74 3,165 3,165 Presbyterian (Northern) ……….. . 6 1.311,828 7 788,244 Catholic Apostolic (2 bodies)………….. 33 24 4,927 3,436 Disciples of Christ …………….. . 7 1,273,357 8 641,051 Catholics (Eastern Orthodox, 7 bodies). . … . 179 195 355,000 80,000 Regular Baptist (North) ………… . 8 1,176,380 6 800,450 Catholics (Western, 3 bodies)………….. 16,470 13,264 12,372,069 227,286 Protestant Episcopal …………… . 9 912,123 9 532,054 Christadelphians …………………….. . . . . 70 1,412 135 Congregationalist …………….. . . 10 732,500 10 512,771 Lutheran Synodical Conference …… . Christians ………………………….. 1,011 1,379 85,717 d6,615 11 726,526 12 357,153 Chr!st!an Ca.thol.ic (Dowie)……………. 35 17 5,865 d34,135 African Methodist Episcopal. Zion … . 12 545,681 13 349,788 Chnstlan SClenhsts ………………….. 1,336 668 85,096 Lutheran General CounciL ……… . 13 452,818 14 324,846 Christian Union …………………….. 295 217 13,905 d12',078 African Methodist EpiscopaL ……. . 14 452,126 11 452,725 Church of God (Winebrennarian)………. 509 595 41,475 LatterMDay Saints …………….. . 15 350,000 21 144,352 Church of the Living God (Colored, 3 bodies). 101 68 4,286 4',286 Reformed (German) …………… . 16 293,836 15 204,018 Church of the New Jerusalem (2 bodies)…. 131 148 7,243 34 United Brethren ……………… . 17 285,019 16 202,474 Communistic Societies (6 bodies)……….. . . . . 22 2,272 d812 Lutheran General Synod………… . 18 284,805 20 164,640 Congregationalists ……………………. 6,026 6,035 732,500 13,305 Presbyterian (Southern) ……….. . 19 269,733 18 179,721 Disciples of Christ (2 bodies) .. " . . . . .. . … 8,560 13,631 1,430,015 134,592 German Evangelical Synod ……… . 20 249,137 17 187,432 Evangelical (2 hodies)………………… 1,517 2,678 180,315 2,899 Colored Methodist Episcopal …….. . 21 233,911 24 129,383 Faith Associations (9 bodies) … " . . . . . .. … 241 146 9,572 9,572 Methodist Protestant ………….. . 22 188,122 22 141,989 Free Christian Zion Church……………. 20 15 1,835 1,835 United Norwegian Lutheran …….. . 23 160,645 26 119,972 94,m 45,030 Friends (4 bodies)…………………… 1,494 1,097 119,601 425 Spiritualists ………………….. . 24 150,000 39 27 Friends of the Temple………………… 3 3 376 36 United Presbyterian …………… . 25 132,925 German Evangelical Protestant…………. 59 66 34,704 19,704 Greek Orthodox (Catholic)………. . 26 130,000 138 German Evangelical Synod…………….. 1,002 1,290 249,137 10,332 Lutheran Synod of Ohio ………… . 27 120,031 33 69,505 Jewish Congregations ………………… 1,084 1,769 143,000 •… Reformed (Dutch) ……………. . 28 116,174 28 92,970 Latter-Day Saints (2 bodies)…………… 2,483 1,350 400,650 1,150 Evangelical Association ………… . 29 106,957 23 133,313 Lutherans (24 bodies)………………… 8,421 13,533 2,173,047 81,311 Primitive Baptist ……………… . 30 102,311 25 121,347 Swedish Evangelical (2 bodies)…………. 516 411 51,000 4,000 Dunkard Brethren (Conservative) … . 31 100,000 35 61,101 Mennonites (12 bodies)……………….. 1,008 606 55,007 d6,683 Methodists (19 bodies)……………….. 42,029 60,737 6,477,224 54,927 Moravian. (2 bOdies)…………………. 137 142 18,343 900 ORDER OF DENOMINATIONAL FAMILIES Non-sectarian Bible Faith Churches……… 50 204 6,396 6,396 Pentecostal (2 bodies)………………… 815 .380 16,420 4,420 Presbyterians (12 bodies)……………… 12,935 16,224 1,848,046 16,192 I _ I I Rank in Communi- Rank in Communi- Protestant Episcopal (2 bodies). . .. . . . … . . . 5,366 7,674 921,713 25,891 DENOMINATIONAL FAMILIES 1909 cants _18_90_ cants Reformed (4 bodies)………………….. 2,110 2,614 442,569 10,321 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J_ __ _ ' _ _ ___ _ _ I_ _ '_~~_ Salvationists (2 bodies) ……….. _…. .. .. 3,385 909 27,286 436 Catholic (Roman, etc.)………….. 1 12,372,069 1 6,257,871 Methodist …………………….. Schwenkfeldians …………………….. 6 8 850 23 Baptist ………………………. 2 6,477,224 2 4,589,284 Lutheran …………………….. Social Brethren ……………………… 15 17 1.262 349 Presbyterian ……………………. 3 5,510,590 3 3,717,969 Society for Ethical Culture…………….. 8 5 2,342 114 Episcopal …………………….. 4 2,173,047 5 1,231,072 Spiritualists _………………………… . .. . Reformed …………………….. 748 150,000 Latter-Day Saints ……………… 5 1,848,046 4 1,278,362 United Brethren ……………….. Theosophical So<iety ………………….. 99 3,000 400 Jewish ……………………….. 6 921,713 6 540,509 Dunkard Brethren……………… United Brethren (2 bodies)……………. 2',i77 4,311 311,656 4,387 Friends ………………………. 7 442,569 7 309,458 Adventists ……………………. UnItanans …………………………. 558 482 70,542 d658 8 400,650 9 166,125 Universalists ……………………….. 730 890 54,836 1,824 9 304,656 8 225,281 Independent Congregations ……………. 267 879 48,673 34,547 10 143,000 10 130,496 ~~—-~-I-~~–'—- 11 122,847 13 73,795 Grand total for 1909. _……………… 168,378 215,160 34,677,000 791,713 12 119,601 1! 107,208 Grand total for 1908 ………………. 164,355 210,434 33,885,287 13 91,951 14 60,491 d Decrease,

EDITORIALS

missionaries all over the world would No doubt there is a large humanitarian unite in such a campaign of faith and element in the modern missionary works, in each land uniting in prayer method, but it is not the deepest basis and calling on the Church at home of the work or the best fruit of the and the native converts to unite in labor. Every true missionary seeks praying and working to increase the first of all to save man for this world membership tenfold in the next year. and the next by presenting Christ· as It is possible if it is God's will, and we a Savior from sin and its conse- quences and as a leader into a larger, are not sure that such an "if" is not better life. Beyond this basis the mis- sionary seeks to build up schools, bom of unbelief and carnality. He operate hospitals and use every other may be waiting only for His Church to means for man's lifting. We know be ready to sacrifice and serve with of no thorough, successful mission the sufficient zeal to make such a world- prime object of which is not to con- wide movement effective. God is vert men and women from sin to God, ready when His people are ready. He from failure to victory, and to oris still moved with compassion for the ganize a church of converts. To shepherdless multitudes; He still calls evangelize is the true watchword of the on us to pray, to give, and to go. The followers and servants of Christ. Orpromise of .answer to the united ganization and amelioration are both prayer of a united church has not been subordinate and subsequent. We beabrogated (Matthew 18: 19). With lieve that missionary work will never earnest, heartfelt prayer and conse- be truly and permanently successful crated personal work the numbers in if this order is reversed. If civilizathe Christian Church might be doubled tion, the fruit of Christianity is sought this year and the power of the Church before the roots have been planted and might be increased tenfold. strengthened, the end will be decay and death. Rev. W. H. Forsyth of Korea suggests that Christians throughout the GIVING AND GOING BY PROXY world unite in a campaign The death of Dr. Louis Klopsch, ( I) To put the word of God in editor of The Christian Herald, reevery household in the world (Isaiah moves not only a gifted journalist but a philanthropist. He sought to have 55: 10-13). his widely-read paper on the right (2) For a world-wide prayer circle side, evangelical .and evangelistic in tone, and the helper of every good for Christian missions (Matt. 9: 35-38, work. Few realize that through his and 18, 19, 20). appeals, in the past eighteen years, he has raised and disbursed in interde- (3) For a world-wide campaign of nominational and international charpersonal work (Matthew 22: 9, and ities over three and a quarter million 28: 16-20). dollars. During the India famine, fourteen years ago, he was the means Why not? "Where is your faith?" of sending a cargo of wheat and $400,- "Be it unto thee even as thou wilt." 000 in cash; two years later half as much more was sent to relieve Cuban IS THERE A NEW METHOD IN sufferers; ten years ago, for famine and cholera victims in India, $700,000 MISSIONS? was added; the next year $80,000 for Chinese famine and $300,000 more in The Outlook, in referring to the 1907, likewise for China. Dr. Laymen's Movement, says that the Klopsch's philanthropic services natunew method of missions is that of rally evoked formal recognition not civilizing the heathen rather than saving their souls; and an article in Harper's Weekly runs somewhat along the same lines, affirming that "Christian people and civilization tend to save souls." The missionary effort is now directed largely to establishing schools, hospitals, etc., the practical civilization aims at and accomplishes.

only in the form of private audience MISSIONARY REVIEW has been blest with European rulers, but in the form for the promotion of missions. We of medals .and decorations. constantly receive appeals for copies It is not necessary to have wealth from pastors, missionaries and stu- in order to wield wealth as a weapon. dents who are not .able to pay the Many .a comparatively poor man has price, but who feel the need of the controlled millions by his wisdom in stimulus and the inspiration of its counsel, his probity in conduct, and his ideals and reports. The funds for this large-hearted enthusiasm in advocacy. purpose were long ago exhausted, but Wise men long ago discovered that if those who believe in the value of "wit is better than wealth," "the pen spreading missionary information and mightier than the sword," and the who are able to do so, will give the "tongue more potent than the purse." cost of one or more subscriptions for Here is a man that used type as wider distribution, what blessing tongues of appeal and reached his mul- might follow! The same labor on titude of readers with his' words so as the part of the editors that now brings to move them to give what he could the REVIEW to thousands of readers not. He commanded donors by the may as well cause it to reach ten times mere force of an outspoken zeal. It that number. Readers may be co- is a great thing to be an intelligent ad- workers with the editors and authors vocate. Dr. Duff in his prime stirred to spread these leaves as leaves of all Scotland to a new interest in mis- healing and strength.

sions. He set the assemblies of the TRAVELING MISSIONARY SECREchurch aflame by his holy passion for TARIES the work of God. No legacy of money could have compared with the The Methodist and Episcopal legacy of moral and spiritual motive Omrches have missionary bishops and movement that he left to the Eng- who travel in the mission fields, overlish-speaking world. If we have noth- seeing and directing the work. Other ing else to give, we may first inform boards have had under consideration ourselves and so inform others, first the appointment of general mission- get the sacred fire and then carry and aries who would fill much the same spread it, that those who can go and office, with more limited powers, in can give may find information and in- the Congregational, Presbyterian and spiration for their own endeavor and Baptist denominations. When the benevolence. men are wisely chosen the advantages Some years ago, it was the writer's of such a system would be great in privilege to plead for larger mission- bringing missionaries into closer ary consecration before the young touch with each other and with the men of Belfast. Fifteen years later home office. we first learned that after that address It is reported that the American some young men spent the night in Baptist Foreign Mission Society prayer, and out of that came a new or- plans to appoint two new secretariesganization to carry the gospel into thus making three foreign and one Africa, and now there are twenty- home department secretary. Some seven missionaries on the field and of the missionaries on the field raise thousands of pounds annually are the question as to whether such art given for their support. Let every increase in the force at home is j usreader do his or her best in the spread- tified when the appeals for increased ing of intelligence and the advocacy of appropriations to meet the needs on every good cause, and what er.onnous the field are constantly desired on the ground of the expense involved. The results may follow! We are thankful to be able to tes- foreign secretaries of the Baptist tify to the way in which money given Society are to take turns in visiting for the gratuitous circulation of the the foreign fields. AMERICA striking developments in the two-mil- The Laymen's Movement in the Wild lion-d?ll.ar ~ampaign. Brooklyn has Weat the dIstInction of being the first city To anyone at all acquainted with to set a new standard. As a result the Western frontier, the following from Men and Missions will be most of the convention of the Laymen's interesting reading, relating as it does Missionary Movement held there Janto what occurred in the capital city of Idaho and reported by Sherwood uary 8th-10th, the men of the churches Eddy: "Boise beats all records, tho n?! down as one of the seventy-five have determined to raise $60 000 for cIties for a convention. They canvassed the entire town, and every busi- the seven societies in 191d. This ness man in the city. There were 1,200 registered delegates, paying ~mount wilI be a fifty-per-cent. $1,700 in cash to attend the meetings. There were twenty per cent more dele- Increase over that given during the gates from the city itself than there were male communicants. All the past year, and will be about $10,000 shops were closed in order to attend the banquet, and the whole city was In excess of the .apportionment. The decorated by order of the mayor. The m~n marched to the banquet hall, two $60,000 for the seven societies, added mIles away, with a brass band. The judges of the Supreme Court went to the $40,000 for local church exin a special auto. The Governor took the chair, and the ex-Governor and tension work, will make a breonuenvdol$e1n0c0~sprominent judges presided at other 000 for congregational meetings. The day sessions were crowded with men. They voted to from the churches of. BroOklyn III will increase their gifts to missions from 1910. It is a long distance from $3,800 to $9,000, but they far ex- Brooklyn to Los Angeles, but within ceed that amount. twenty-four hours from the time the "The Governor of the State said that he would join the church the next Sun- Brooklyn men reached -their determiday. He said he had also decided to retire at the close of his term of of- nation at the congregational rally in fice, and devote his life and fortune to work among men. Tho he had Clinton Avenue Church, the men of never given anything to missions, he gave up his gold watch in order that southern California gathered at a banhe might make a special sacrifice for the foreign mission cause." Many quet in Los Angeles had put themwho were present had never before seen a live missionary. selves on record as determining to lift The Influence of the Laymen's Movement the &ifts to the seven societies to $roo,- It was feared by some that the <;>00 III 1910, altho their ap~ortionment vigorous pushing of work for the world's evangelization would work se- IS only $48,000. Organization is unriously for the detriment of home missions. But not so at all; at least for der w.ay in all the southern California Congregational work. On the contrary, says Our Missions: "The first churches looking to the accomplishmonth of the year has witnessed some ment of the result desired. Now comes news from Chicago of a committee of seventy laymen appointed to conduct a. campaign for $roo,ooo for congrega- tIOnal benevolences among the Chicago churches.. !Most of this goes to the ~even SOCIetIes, a small percentage be- Ing used for local congregational ex- penses."

Why Laymen Have Been Idle A strong, capable man, who had been a member of a church for twenty- two years, was heard to say some time ago that during more than two dec- ades. of church life, the supreme serVIce he had been called to wreansdetr~ in addition to living right, usher and take up the collection.

However, the imperative issue of the L.aymen's undertaking has clutched hIS heart, and he has been giving clays and weeks to superb aggr~ssive personal endeavor, and is now proposing fect upon the men who made it. "I to invest his new-found talents in en- never knew before that there was any- thing in the Church worth while for listing non-Christian men to become a man to do," exclaimed one man in affiliated with the Church.-Men and talking about it.-Men and Missions. Missions.

An Upriaing in Houston The American Baptiat Foreign Minion Representatives of the Laymen's Society Movement held a two-day meeting in this Texan city, which has a popula- The American Baptist Missionary tion of about 50,000, and the seven de- Union has changed its name to "The nominations represented made mis- American Baptist Foreign Mission sionary subscriptions as follows (with Society." The work goes on as before the gifts of each for last year) : and the headquarter" are as usual at Easton, Massachusetts. Many will 1909 1910 regret the unnecessary change in the Methodists …………….$2,318 name of the well-known and well-be- Baptists ….•………….. 1,792 $10.975 loved Union, but we trust that the 5,000 change in name wiII mean no loss of Presbyterians, South ……. 1,434 6,01 5 support and no loss of efficiency. Disciples ……………… 786 2,000 Episcopalians …………. S65 V olunteera Wanted 3,200 Presbyterians, North .•.••• 295 Congregationalists ……… 23 768 ISO Total ………………. 7,213 28,108 1. A man to teach stenography, typewriting, bookkeeping, etc., and A By-product of the Men'. Movement take charge of the business department In Colorado Springs the members of a boys' school in Calcutta, India. of the cooperating committee, going This school is under the auspices of two by two, visited every office, store the Board of Foreign Missions of the and house in the down-town section Methodist Episcopal Church. two days before the opening dinner. 2. Treasurer and secretary (unmar- Among those who made this canvass ried man) to the president of the were college professors, prominent Union University at Nanking, China. lawyers and bankers, physicians and A stenographer and bookkeeper who business men, and men engaged in has had experience in office work is some of the biggest commercial en- needed. terprises in the country. In this way 3· Manager of a mission press in many delegates were secured. Two Mexico. A man thoroughly f.amiliar Christian Chinamen learned of the with the printing and publishing busi- movement and registered. Church- ness, with good business ability, who men who did not believe in missions will in time be business manager of were induced to register and attend the press and act as treasurer of the the opening dinner. But more was mission. (Presbyterian Board of Fordone, however, than the mere regis- eign Missions.) tration of additional delegates and the 4. Industrial superintendent for arousing of interest in missions. Men Kamerun, German West Africa. A who had drifted from the Church in man capable of teaching the cultiva- the course of years were brought into tion of the soil, carpentering, tailorclose touch with the Church again. It ing, etc., is required. Appointment was the first time that men of their will be made by the Presbyterian own position and business capacity had Board of Foreign Missions. approached them and asked them to 5. A physician for a hospital· in take part in the work of the Church. Nanking, China. A man who has had The mere fact that this canvass was a college course as well as a full made by men of large caliber made a course in medical school, with a year tremendous impression upon the com- or ntore in a good hospital (a man not munity. The canvass also had its e£- much over 30 years old). A man is needed at the earliest possible date in translations, and in many it has passed order to allow the present incumbent through several editions." But it is to go home on fudough for a much- to be remembered that tho all these needed rest. (Board of Missions of translations may have been made and the Protestant Episcopal Church.) printed and carried abroad by Mormon missionaries, the number of copies dis- The International Mi.sionary Union tributed is utterly insignificant com- pared with those sent out from the The Twenty-seventh Annual Con- Bible Society presses. ference of the International Missionary Union will meet at Clifton Springs, Americ:a Uniting Foreigner. N. Y., June 1st to 7th, 1910. The theme of the conference will be It seems clearly to be the divine "World Movements Foreshadowing mission of the New World to bring the Coming of the Kingdom." It is together the amazingly diverse peoples expected that there will be over one and races of the Old World, and in hundred missionaries present, repre- order that becoming acquainted all senting all denominations and nea~ly prejudice and dislike may be rooted every mission field, in conference with out, in order that they may live side reference to the problems and prog- by side as friends, even brethren in Christ Jesus. As an illustration of the ress of missionary enterprises.* process, The Pacific has recently stat- ed these facts: "The Oriental coolie The Bible Society Endowment is rapidly finding a new home in the West Indies.' Large numbers have The American Bible Society is at been imported by the British Governlast able to announce that the $500,000, ment as indentured plantation labor. to meet the offer of Mrs. Russell Sage They do not mix with the negro, and to give a similar amount, has been as their terms of service expire, many raised. This money, one million dol- of them settle in the new land as free lars, will be used as a perpetual en- laborers, small farmers, and shopdowment, and will enable the directors keepers. In Porto Rico, Cuba and of the society to enlarge the appro- Mexico the Anglo-Saxon and the priations both for home and foreign Spanish-American are being brought work for the year beginning April I, face to face as never before in history. I9IO. The earnest appeals for help The two hundred years' battle for the which come from all over the world possession of the Spanish Main and may be more adequately and promptly the contiguous lands caused them to satisfied. The Bible Society is the meet as foes, where.as now the bands society without which other m~ssion­ of transportation and commerce are ary societies would be greatly Crippled. drawing them together in a spirit of cooperation. The City of Mexico has Book of Mormon i.. Many Tonl'u•• a colony of six or seven thousand Americans; the resources of the coun- According to the Deseret Evening try are being exploited by Yankee en- News, organ of the Mormon Church, gineers, railroad-builders, manufactur- "The Book of Mormon is the volume ers .and miners; and Spanish romance that possibly comes nearest the B~ble and color, the bull-fight, and the in point of distribution. It now eXists church pageant are strangely set off in English, German, Danish, Swedish, by the workaday surroundings of Dutch, Spanish, French, Italian, modern industrialism." Welsh, Hawaiian, Maori, Samoan, Tahitan, Turkish, Japanese, Greek, An Independent Mexic:an Churc:h Hebrew, Armenian and Hindustani There is a great national feeling * The Sanitarium entertains the members of the among Protestants in Mexico. It might be called "Christian patriot- Union free of expense, and others wishing to attend can secure accommodations at the Sanitarium or at private boarding places in the village. 14'0' sionaries and others who contemplate attendIng the Conference will confer a favor if they will notify the corresponding secretary, Mrs. H. 1.

Bostwick, Clifton Springs, N. Y. ism." It is a pent-up force that must which they come, is not in the least be reckoned with. A movement to likely to be overestimated."

unite more closely all Protestant The number of delegates appointed forces, which would take into account by 54 American societies is 480; by 44 this national feeling would receive a British societies, 394; and 139 from 37 hearty support by a large majority of Continental societies; a total of 1,013 all Protestants. The direction of such delegates from 135 societies. Eight- a movement would require wise and een German societies will be repre- statesmanlike leadership. As an out- sented by 75 delegates, six Dutch so- come of this national feeling there cieties by 13, two French by 5, two was started some years ago an organ- Danish by 7, one Finnish by 4. three ization called the Mexican Evangelical Norwegian by 10, and five Swedish by Church. This is still in existence and 10 delegates. Well does the News publishes a paper, but has failed to Sheet suggest: " It is not without enlist the sympathy and support of significance that the Continent should the best of the Protestants. It was be- furnish so many delegates more or gun and is carried forward with wrong less fully qualified to take part in an motives and lacks the leadership of English-speaking conference." Among those who have sufficient executive distinguished American laymen ex- ability and personality to direct a na- pected are such as W. J. Bryan. vice- tional movement. President Fairbanks, Admiral Mahan EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN and Seth Low. Sir Robert Hart, for more than forty years inspector-gen- The Great Edinburgh World-conference eral of customs in China, will have a The M onth!y News Sheet, pub- part.

lished in the interest of this coming The Continent Deeply Interested notable missionary gathering, said in the March issue: "There is something The deep interest in the conference that appeals very strongly to the which is being taken on the Continent imagination in the prospect of the is shown in a paper by Dr. Julius representatives of so many national- Richter, who says: "The missionary ities meeting together to consult how societies on the Continent, as well as they may advance the cause of their those in Great Britain and America, common Lord. Tho the conference is are keenly alive to the fact that a new held in Great Britain, the number of great missionary era has dawned, and delegates appointed by American so- that this demands a new standpoint cieties exceeds the number sent by and new standards in missionary work, British societies. Representatives will both in the great mission fields also be present from Germany, France, abroad and at home, with reference to Switzerland, Holland, Norway, Swe- work at the home base. As a result den, Denmark and Finland, as well as of the shrinkage of distance and the from South Africa, Australia, and breaking down of the racial, national, New Zealand. It is a special pleasure and social barriers which have hither- to welcome the delegates who will be to existed, missionary societies are present from Japan, Korea, China, and. emerging from their former isolation; India. As the Church in this confer- and missionary problems, the full ence considers the problem of the magnitude of which is now recog- evangelization of the world, it will be nized, call for the combination, proper able to look at it not through Western distribution, and careful employment eyes merely, but with the help of rep- of the missionary forces available. In resentatives of the Church in non- this general movement the German Christian lands. The importance of and Continental missionary societies the presence of these representatives, in particular recognize it to be their and the significance of the new spirit duty, and definitely purpose to emerge of nationality in the countries from from their previous seclusion in order that they may take an effective part in wives. In the United Free Church we the general missionary life of the are far from raising even iI a head Church. Continental missions occupy, for foreign missions, and our foreign to some extent, geographically dis- mission staff would require an addi- tinct territories, which naturally tional 2,000 to the present 500 before tends to result in isolation. In the we could reach the proportion of one Dutch East Indies the missions are al- missionary to 200 members exem- most exclusively German and Dutch, plified by the Friends.-Missionary and the rest of the missionary world Record.

takes but scanty notice of these re- Father Giuliani Now a Methodist mote fields. Greenland, Labrador, Lesser Tibet, Surinam, Mosquito, Apropos of the recent widely pub- Kaiserwilhelmsland, and other small lished incident when ex-Vice-President territories are mission fields similarly Fairbanks addrest the Methodist separate and remote." Episcopal congregation in Rome, and Friends' Intereat in Minions was refused audience by the Pope, the following extract from a letter of the If we were asked to name any sec- Rev. N. Walling Clark will be of in- tion of society which was exercising terest: an intellectual and spiritual influence "On Sunday night we had the first beyond all proportion to its numbers, public address in our Italian church we should have no hesitation in point- in Rome of Father Giuliani, a priest ing to the Friends. Their world sta- occupying a prominent position in the tistics for 1903 were published in Jan- Catholic Church, who has recently uary last, and we find that in the been converted. He is only thirty-two United Kingdom, the Colonies, and years old, but has been for about five the Continent, taken together, they years the prior or father superior of a number only 21,716, and in America large Carmelite convent at Taranto, in 95,954. Nor does an increase of 6,000 southern Italy, and at the same time in ten years give promise of rapid in charge of one of the largest growth. In the foreign mission sta- churches in that city, which numbers tions, apparently 8 in number, con- about 35,000 souls in the parish.

nected with the American yearly meet- Father Giuliani has been one of the ings, there are 3,669 members; and in best preachers in the Roman Church in the 5 breign mission fields connected Italv. He has been sent to conduct with the British meetings, 3,123 mem- missions in various cities, preaching to bers, making a total membership large audiences, and has been received throughout the world of I 24,462. by the present Pope Pius X in private But small tho the number of Friends audience. Every seat was taken in may be, it is undeniable that their our large church on Sunday night and lofty ethical ideals, recommended by many persons stood during the ad- calm persuasive reasoning, are ever ex- dress."

ercising an educative and plastic in- Sage Counsel to Pope Pius fluence on the best thought of the gen- eral community. And in the field of With the Fairbanks incident in action they are also exemplary. Per- mind, Harper's Weekly suggests: haps their best work at home is found "What one might wish is that the good in their adult schools, while abroad pope might have a better appreciation they maintain a proportionately large of the usefulness of proselyting missionary enterprise. The report of Methodists both in Rome and every~ the London Association shows that where else where the Roman Catholic the British Friencls contribute over Church is strong and all-pervasive.

i25.oao for foreign missions. and are NotIling seems to be so useful to that represented in the field abroad by 105 Church as lively Protestant competi- missionaries, including missionaries' tion. Wherever it has it, it thrives i wherever it lacks it, it gets into trou- fects of Mr. FetIer's efforts noticeable.

ble. The spirit of man demands an Toward the end of October a new opposition, or at least a religious al- chapel, capable of holding 500 per- ternative, to the Roman Catholic sons, was opened at Balasheff. The Church. The great mischiefs that building is invested with a particular have come on that Church have come interest as being the first native Rus- from the denial of that alternative. sian Baptist chapel.

Heretics were driven out of France Progress of Islam in Rus.ia and killed out of Spain to such an ex- tent that Protestantism is weak in We have referred to the fact that in those countries, and the inevitable op- Russia 50,000 have left the Greek position to the strong Roman Catholic Orthodox Church and Lecome Mo- organization has to line up with hammedans between April 17, 1905, atheists and haters of Christianity. An when religious liberty in Russia was infusion of active Methodists might proclaimed, and January I, I 909. We do both of those countries, and Italy, were inclined to think that these 50,000 too, enormous good, and incidentally were people forced into the Greek Or- might improve the position of the thodox Church, who remained Mo- Roman Catholic Church in Europe. hammedans at heart and embraced the If the pope, with propriety, could sub- first opportun~ty to return to their old sidize the Methodist Association in religion. But this is not so. Reports Rome, it would pay to do it." from northeastern Russia continue to Evangelization in Ruaaia report to the Secretary of the Interior that Islam is rapidly progressing. The The scrutiny of State officials-for- Mohammedan priests and rich mermerly so serious a check to evangelis- chants and large landowners are matic work in Russia-shows many king a most aggressive campaign for signs of a tendency toward relaxing. the spread of their faith among the A similar inclination exists among nomadic tribes of the Tshermisses, priests, one of whom advised an in- Mordwines, Tshuwashes, and others. quirer to "go to the hall of the Evan- These tribes either are heathen or begelicals," where she would be sure to long officially to the Greek Orthodox get help. Among Evangelical workers Church. The Mohammedan press is are an ex-priest who was excommu- exceedingly active among them. Large nicated because of an outspoken dec- numbers of newspapers-in Kasan laration of his belief in Christ, and one alone thirty-pamphlets, and tracts in who was formerly a monk, but now the Tatar language are being pub- spends his time in visiting prisons and lished at the expense of rich Moslems. distributing Gospels. The mission- ,Great packages of this literature are halls are well filled, the Bible-readings sent into the towns and villages, where are well attended, and the number of they are sold at low prices on the marchildren in the various Sunday-schools ket days. The publishers can not gain is increasing. anything thus, nor do they seem to Baptista Making Good Headway desire it, since the rich Mohammedans The Government has now granted undoubtedly stand behind the whole its recognition of the native Russian movement with their large means.

Baptist Church in St. Petersburg, the The propaganda is so strong that membership of which has increased Russian papers are calling upon the threefold during the last twelve Government for energetic steps months. The position Mr. Fetler has against it, since the movement may be- won for himself in public esteem is come a national danger.

indicated by the action of the City Thus our attention is called again to Duma in granting him the free use of the fact that every Moslem who lives the town-hall for his winter services. among heathen or non-Mohammedan Not only in St. Petersburg are the ef- neighbors becomes an active missionary of his religion, and goes to work work. The Bible has been translated quietly and persistently, and the suc- into all the lanOguages of western J.sia, cess of these voluntary messengers of and a large Christian literature pre- Islam is such that one well acquainted pared for its polyglot people. At the with the fact has said, that for every Beirut Press alone 60,000,000 pages of Mohammedan brought to Christ, at Christian books were printed in a present, one hundred heathen enter the single year, and in one month orders camp of the false prophet. were on file for IOO,OOO copies of the Arabic Scriptures, including eighteen ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS cases of Bibles sent to Shanghai for The Constantinople Girls' College the Moslems of China. What stronger proof can be given of the strategic im- Within a few weeks three large portance of Syria in the evangelization gifts to this institution have been an- of the Moslem world? And who can nounced. Miss Helen Gou~d has measure the influence and power of given $175,000 and Mrs. Henry Wood such great educational centers as $5°,000. To these sums Mr. Rocke- Robert College, the Syrian Protestant feller has just added $15°,000. Several College, and similar institutions at new buildings will soon begin to rise Marsovan, Aintab, Smyrna, Tarsus, on the new site, and by the autumn Marash and Teheran? Robert Colof 191 I it is expected that the college lege has for the past forty years eduwill cross the Bosporus and establish cated and trained fifteen nationalities itself in its new quarters. The en- in the principles of justice and selflarged opportunities and increased government and made possible the number of students will make this present new era in Turkey.-S. M. plant seem inadequate, altho spacious in contrast with the old buildings. ZWEMER.

For many years the pupils have been New Theology in Islam Armenians, Greeks, Bulgarians, and A British correspondent, writing reof other Oriental nations, but now re- cently to the Homiletic Review, makes straints from Turkish girls have been the following reference to tendencies removed and they are coming in con- and developments among the modern siderable numbers. This college is in leaders of Mohammedan thought: the way of doing a service for education in the Near East beyond the "It is now manifest beyond all doubt dreams of its founders; and another that Islam has a new theology of its half-million dollars could be used at own. Too much significance must not once with assurance of great results. be ascribed to this fact, as tho the Moslem world were cutting loose from Light Breaking in the East all the rigid old traditions which have characterized it till very recently. But Christian missions are not only es- the fact is indubitable that a new tablished, but have proved their power school of thought has arisen in Islam.

and influence in ever-widening circles Many evidences might be mentioned.

in everyone of these centers: Con- One of the latest is the rapid favor stantinople, Salonica, Adrianople, which is being secured among the Smyrna, Bagdad, Aleppo, Beirut, Moslems of Constantinople by the fine Brusa, Kaisarieh, Mosul, Adana, institution known as the American Jerusalem, Trebizond, Diarbekr, Ta- College for Girls. Till recently such briz, Teheran, Ispahan, Kirman, Yezd, an innovation would have seemed a Shiraz, Aden, Muscat and Busrah. miraculous impossibility, but last year Within the boundaries of these five 10 Moslem girls to begin with entered Moslem lands, Turkey, Palestine, oas students, and now 26 are enrolled.

Syria, Persia, Arabia, there are over Furthermore, five girl students have 600 Protestant missionaries engaged in been sent to study in the college by the educational, medical and evangelistic Government, with the view of prepar-

ing to teach in those primary schools ficers employed in putting down the which are to be introduced." rebellion, was so struck with the INDIA bravery and honesty of the people that he suggested to the late Rev. E.

Enthralled by Christ L. Puxley (a CM.S. missionary, for- One of the most remarkable con- merly an officer in the Fourth Light verts and preachers that India has Dragoons, who had served in the produced was Nilakantha Goreh- Crimea) the advisability of com- Nehemiah Goreh .as he was called af- mencing a mission to them. Puxley ter his baptism-a high-caste Brahman accordingly obtained permission to and Hindu pundit, deeply versed in live among the Santals, worked for all the Hindu philosophical systems. several years as an honorary mission- He despised Christianity, thinking it ary, and was permitted to baptize some was a religion fit only for ignorant of the first converts. He died only Mlechchas (out-castes), and set him- last year and lived to see over fifty self to undertake its refutation. With C.M.S. Santali and Pahari congregathe object of proving that it was false tions meet every Sabbath. The New he began to study the Bible, and he Testament and parts of the Old Tesyielded to the simple fascination of tament and the whole of the prayer- Christ. Why and how he became a Christian he could never explain. "1 book have been translated into the lanwas caught as in a net, and I could guage of the people. There are now not get .away from Christ," he said. some 5,000 Christian adherents.-C. M. S. Gazette.

"Christ is so pure," was one of his One Church for All India?

expressions. It was a very similar ex- . The general assembly of the Presbyperience to that of Pastor Hsi, of terian Church of India which recently China, who, tho a scholar and a man met at Lodhiana with commissioners of influence, was yet an opium slave, from twenty presbyteries, approved but became enamored of the New the plans so far perfected for a gen- Testament and conscious of the over- eral federation of all the Protestant powering presence of Christ, and sud- churches of the Indian peninsula. The denly, in a moment of glorious faith, presbytery of Allahabad overtured the exclaimed, "He has enthralled me, and assembly for permission to enter into I am His forever." It was this union with the Congregational Nehemiah Goreh who had the high churches of the United Provinces; but, privilege of helping Pandita Ramabai, since those churches had not yet acthe child-widow's friend, on her way cepted the plan of union, the assembly to Christ.-The Bible in the World. did not think action called for.

The C. M. S. Santal Mission This mission, under the care of the Laymen as Missionaries in Burma English Church Missionary Society, A few months ago Dr. Knight, who has recently celebrated the semi-cen- was then Bishop of Rangoon, made a tennial of its beginning, and it is in- special appeal to laymen to come out teresting to recall the circumstances and take part in missionary work in attending its origin. The Santals are Burma. We are exceedingly glad to an aboriginal tribe in the Bhagalpur be able to announce that it has been portion of Bengal. Their country, possible to draw up a satisfactory Santalia, lies between and around the scheme, and that the first layman who Rajmahal hiIIs, south of the Ganges. has volunteered for this wo~k has re- Fifty years ago the Santals rose in re- cently started. Mr. E. C. Down, to bellion through the oppression of the whom we refer, has volunteered to act Hindu money-lenders. There was as a school-teacher. He will "serve much bloodshed before they were sub- entirely under the bishop, as the first dued. Major Aitken, one of the of- of a Diocesan Board of Teachers, and

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

be ready to go to whatever school the and certain others have no vote. Any bishop may send him." He will "serve native of a province over 30 years of as the first of a new order of laymen age or anyone of that age who has missionaries under the S.P.G. He lived IO years in the province is will not expect nor propose ordination. eligible for election. Members are In this matter the initiation is to be paid 50 tae1s (about £6) a month, the left absolutely and entirely to the president ISO taels (about £19). Nabishop.-Mission Field. tive Christians exercise freely the CHINA right of voting and no trace of anti- Christian prejudice marked any of the China Old and New elections.

Sir Robert Hart has recently said A Call for BiLle Trainin~ "that of his fifty years spent in Olina, during the first forty-five he felt as Three summer conferences of mistho he was in a close room with every sionaries in China, through their comdoor .and window tightly shut, but the mittees, representing the various leadlast five made him feel as one occupy- ing denominations of America, Great ing a room with every window and Britain, Canada, .and Germany, have door open, and the breezes sweeping invited Dr. Wilbert W. White and through from every quarter of heaven. three others of the Bible Teachers' Mr. Mott thus compares the state of Training-school to go to China next things in China when he visited it summer, and the invitation has been twelve years ago: "Then there were accepted. To accompany Dr. White 200 miles of railway, now there are are Dr. Robert W. Rogers, Dr. Louis 4,000, and 4,000 miles more pr'ojected; M. Sweet, and Miss Caroline L. then the telegraph wire had gone to Palmer. The final arrangements have a few provinces, now there is a net- been made for this group of Bible work of them all over China; then teachers to go under the combined there were no modern post-offices out- auspices of the committee of the side the foreign legations, now there Peitaiho, the Kuling, and the Mokanare 2,500." shon conferences, the Shanghai con- ference committee for the Promotion Deliberative Aaaembliea for China of Bible Study and the Committee of Three years ago an imperial decree the International Committee of the issued from Peking authorizing the Young Men's Christian Association creation of deliberative assemblies, one for China. The work in China will for each of the 18 provinces of China end about September I, when the party proper, one for each of the 3 provinces will go to Japan for a short confer- of Manchuria, and I for Chinese ence at Karuizawa, and thence home Turkestan-22 altogether. All these, by the Pacific.

except the last, for in Turkestan the A Union University in Nanking difficulties proved insuperable, were ceremoniously opened on October 14 Hitherto in Nanking educational last. The qualifications for the fran- work has been carried on by the Meth- chise are: (1) A minimum age of 25 odists, the Disciples and the Presbyte- years; and (2) either 3 years' service rians, but recently action has been ta- in educational or other work for the ken which secures union of effort in public good, or having graduated in a single institution to be known as the schools of a certain standing either in University of Nanking. The board of China or abroad, or having certain trustees includes four Methodists, the degrees, or being a civil official of not same number of Presbyterians, and lower than the seventh rank, or having three Disciples. Upon the faculty property of not less than $5,000 in eighteen Chinese are found and value. Opium-smokers and "turbulent twelve foreigners. The site to be oc- or law-breaking persons," illiterates cupied is the one upon which hither-

to the Methodist Nanking University. Peking, that all women are free from was located. A number of new build- all old customs. Unnumbered millions ings are to be added at the soonest, of Chinese women still need medical and the maintenance of the school is attention, and will never get it unless to be provided for by an equitable it is given by some woman doctor, nadistribution of burdens upon the three tive or foreign. boards involved. A Medical College for Manchuria A Women's Hospital in Shanghai At the annual United Conference of The Margaret Williamson Mission the missions of Manchuria-the Unit- Hospital in Shanghai is probably the ed Free, the Irish Presbyterian, and busiest women's hospital in China. At the Danish Lutheran-held in New- its head is Dr. Elizabeth Reifsnyder, chwang in May, resolutions were and she is .assisted by an able staff of unanimously passed strongly urging colleagues and coworkers. The hos- the establishment of such a college, pital has a great reputation. Last year and heartily recommending it to the it had 833 in-patients and 35,021 new liberal support of all interested in the out-patients, and the receipts from welfare of the Chinese. It will be es- Chinese patients and friends amounted sentially a missionary institution, run to close on £1,200. Miss Reifsnyder's on Christian principles, permeated by description of the scene in front of the Christian influence, and with a great hospital on dispensary day shows what deal of direct Christian teaching. The changes are transpiring in the London majority of the students will be from of the East: "The road in front of Christian homes, and there will be the hospital presents an interesting systematic training in evangelistic and sight during dispensary hours; the other branches of Christian work.'

long line of jinrikshas, not infrequent- Through the generosity of the Chinese, ly broughams, very often sedan- a suitable site for the college came chairs, and now, less than formerly, into our possession contiguous to the wheelbarrows. Very few walk, as the hospital, and well situated. The Vice- distance is too great for the majority roy of Manchuria then guaranteed TIs.

of the patients." 3,000 (about £420) a year for ten years toward the college. During Women Doctors and Nurses Wanted January and February, 1909, Chinese When we remember that of the 400,- officials and other friends subscribed 000,000 people of China one-half are women and girls, just as liable to sick- $5,000 (about £450) toward the buildness of all kinds as their sisters any- ing fund. In this country also many where, and that it is practically im- friends of our own and other churches possible according to Chinese custom for most of them to receive proper have come forward to the support of medical attention from male physi- the college, and over £2,000 has al- ready been received.-Free Church Monthly.

cians, it seems that the plea for wo- JAPAN AND KOREA men doctors for China need be made but once, for any person to feel the Missions Not a Failure in Japan force of the argument. But some one The first Protestant church was or- says that times are changing; that ganized in 1872; several others fol- Chinese women are being emancipated lowed within the next year. Since and it is no longer impossible for them then the progress has not been uni- to go to male doctors. True, China form, but the statistics for 1908 are is moving, but old customs are chan- as follows: ging slowly. It must not be supposed Organized churches (Protestant), that because women may go about excluding 28 Y. M. C. A.'s, somefreely in some places, or because a times counted as churches, 551.

woman can publish a newspaper in Unorganized congregations, 956.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Churches wholly self-supporting, Think of the returns on an investincluding pastor's salary, 169. ment in Korea now! Last year $2,300 -$1,800 regular appropriation from Communicants, 60,450. the board and $500 in special gifts- Adult baptisms in 1908, 7.449. invested in one missionary and native Sunday-schools, 1,159. workers, cared for 40 churches and Teachers and scholars in Sunday- 5,600 Christians, kept 1,800 Christian boys in 65 day-schools and 63 boys in schools, 87,003. high-school, in all of which schools the Boys' boarding-schools, 15. Bible is taught every day; baptized Students, 3,034. 529, and preached as best as could be Girls' boarding-schools, 37. for a whole year the gospel of salva- Students, 3,693. tion among the 30,000 still in heathen Day-schools and kindergartens, 59. darkness on this one circuit. During Pupils, 4,702. the year the 5,600 native Christians Theological schools, 19. contributed over $6,000 for the sup- Students, 318. port of the work. The whole amount Christian literature, copies, 849,880. contributed in Korea last year by our Christian literature, pages, 63,602,- church was $33,357.-Pittsburgh Ad- 'vocate. 970 . Hospitals, 6. Koreans Engaging in Evangelism Patients treated, 3,860. Orphan Asylums and Homes, 13. Writing in the Advance, a mission- Inmates, 1,299. ary, with reference to the recent won- Industrial establishments, 14. derful conference where the Spirit Inmates, 296. was present with overwhelming pow- Amount raised by Japanese, yen, er, says: "The most thrilling hour came when Rev. C. T. Collyer called 259,498. upon the delegates to give their whole It should be noted that certain im- time for so many days during the next three months to working for the lost. portant items are not included in these I was amazed at the marvelous restatistics. For example, in making sponse to the appeal. Sometimes there up the above statistics, in the case would be ten or fifteen or more men of the Kumai-ai churches (American on their feet at once, eager to call Board churches), while the number out their 'days of service.' A merof self-supporting churches is reck- chant arose and said: 'I am going to oned as 65, there are over 30 others do this work continually; but I will which receive no foreign aid, being devote my entire time to it for one cared for by the missionary society week in every month,' making 21 of the Kumai-ai churches. Again, days during the next quarter. A boatthere are several very important man said he would give 60 days to union charities wholly Christian the Lord during the three months. A supported at an expense of many third declared he would give every thousand yen a year, which es- day, save Sunday, when he wanted to cape tabulation. One of these, a child- attend church himself! Another said saving institution, received within a he could only give three full days, but single year nearly, if not quite, 25,000 he was going to preach every day, no yen for extending its work.-D. matter where he was. A traveling C. GREENE, of Kyoto. merchant said he was going to preach all along the road, but he would give Behold! The Great Opportunity six entire days. One man aroused enthusiasm by stating that he would One Korean leader says: "If in devote 60 of the 90 days to the Lord, each of the 20,000 towns and villages and would keep on in this way until in which as yet there is no church there was a trained Christian leader, either American or Korean, he could build a church in each of these towns within six months."

the million souls were won. At length tion to the Mengo C. M. S. Hospital the blind man arose-the one who had to be used as isolation wards, and walked 20 miles to be present-and which will henceforth be known as the said he would give the entire 90 days "Roosevelt Block." Bishop Tucker to the work." presided, and there were present, be- Day-clawn in Korea sides the mission staff, the Kabaka (King Daudi) and the Regents, sev- Rev. C. T. Collyer writes as follows eral members of the Government and in the London Christian: representatives of the trading commu- nity. Mr. Roosevelt said: "It is more than twenty-one years since I first left home for the mission "Long before I came here I had field. Never have I known of people known of the work that was bebeing so ready to hear the Gospel as ing done in Uganda, and felt particuare the Koreans just now. I have larly anxious to see it. Here you have had the privilege of doing a good deal a peculiarly intelligent native race, of personal work during the past few which has already developed a very inweeks. Without stretching the point, teresting culture of its own, a culture I can say I have had personal conver- both political and social. And the sation with several hundreds of hea- great work must of necessity be to try then. Not one to whom I have spoken to help that race onward, and to try to but has acknowledged that he must do it in a practical fashion, and to do become a Christian. The young Em- it so that the doing of it shall be pripress of Korea has not been making marily a benefit to the race, and, l:>ecgood progress with her studies, so ondly, a benefit to your own people it was felt she ought to have some from whom you come. young lady companions who are used to study. A young lady from our "I have the strongest feeling as to school was chosen for this position. the good that is being done by the She has been in the palace less than medical missionary. There must be a month, but she has found many op- some visible fruit in the life and work portunities of witnessing for her Lord, of the man who preaches if his preachwith the result that Her Majesty has ing is going to have a very great effect definitely set one hour each day for upon those to whom he preaches. the study of Christianity, and ordered That visible fruit can be shown in that a Bible and a hymn-book should many different ways, and one of the be procured for her. It has been my most efficient ways of showing it is privilege to order a specially bound by just such work as is being done' in copy of the New Testament for her." connection with this building, which it will naturally be a source of peculiar AFRICA pride to myself to have my name as- Mr. Roosevelt Visiting Missions sociated with, and which I now take pleasure in declaring to be open."

Theodore Roosevelt will have something to sayan missions in Africa Is Afri<:a to Be Moslem or Christian?

from first-hand knowledge when he Bishop Hartzell of the Methodist returns to America. He visited the Church has recently said that within Africa Inland Mission at Kijabi, was only a few years the Moslems have much imprest with the remarkable re- gathered more converts from pagan sults of Christianity in Uganda, and humanity than all the Christian now on his journey down the Nile, is Church has in fifty years. The mis- visiting Gordon College, at Khartum, sionary problem of the twentieth cen- the United Presbyterian Mission at tury is the evangelization of the Mo- Dolaib Hill, Luxor and the C. M. S. hammedan world; and of the 230,- Missions in Cairo and elsewhere. 000,000, one-fourth are in Africa. It In Uganda, Mr. Roosevelt respond- entered North Africa in the early ed to an invitation to open a new addi- Christian centuries, overcame the

I<)IO] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Christian Church, and for thirteen and fresh courage. The language of this a half centuries has had its strongholds people has not as yet been reduced on the Mediterranean facing Christian to writing. They know nothing of Europe. Later on it began going into Christianity, they have never heard the continent. Everywhere the Arab the story of Jesus. Dr. and Mrs. trader, and in these later years, stu- Springer will have for their first duty dents and missionaries have gone fil- the learning of a new language; their tering down through the continent. next will be to translate the Gospel Read the information brought to us by into that dialect as rapidly as their missionaries. In Uganda, in Nyassa, ability will permit. And, along with and -on down the east coast, first the this, will come the strange and beautrader, then a little community, then tiful task of inviting a people, for a small mosque, then a larger mosque. the first time, to the world's Redeemer. And so on the west and on the east, southward and through Central Af- The tribesmen are warlike people, rica; not everywhere, but filtering here living back in the interior. To reach and there steadily, day by day, in- them, these two missionaries will probdividually, steadily, like the constant ably travel through British possessions movement of the trade-winds, steadily, from the south coast.-Western Chrispersistently, this movement goes on. tian Advocate. In the Christian city of Cape Town, there are Mohammedan mosques. A Giving Meeting in South Africa Unless the Church of God accepts the challenge of the Lord Jesus Christ for On Saturday last there was a large that continent, before the close of the gathering near the Bushmen Caves, twentieth century, outside of South Silonga's schoolroom opening. The Africa and a few other spots along the Amasidindi tribe turned out in great Mediterranean, all Africa is certain force. The chief councillors and peoto be under the influence and domina- ple were all in good time. The kraals tion of the Mohammedan faith. round about the schoolroom were a mass of reds; fires were on all sides A New Methodist Mission in for the many pots containing meat and Indian corn. The usual giving meet- West Africa ing took place. Several led off well, giving iI each; then followed the long A new tribe of possibly 3,000,000 speeches and threepenny pieces, fowls, souls is soon to have the Gospel pre- etc. One man noticed no pennies had sented to it. Vhat vast meaning is been given, and so gave a new penny. included in this simple statement! Another made a long speech, saying So continually do we hear and read he was much surprized cattle were of revivals, where, possibly, for the not given to payoff the debt. He hundredth time, a community has been gave one hen for himself and one egg brought under some special religious for his baby. After four hours' talkinfluence in the attempt to impress ing, and shut up among two hundred the message and build up the cause red Kaffirs, I was glad to announce of Christianity that we sometimes that the debt had been cleared. Then steel ourselves against discourage- followed the feast; it did not take long when we contemplate the meager re- to finish off the four sheep an~ goats. ports. But when we were informed Many women ran along to their kraals lately by the Rev. John M. Springer carrying two large pots balanced on and wife, both of whom have written their heads, smoking their pipes.- charming volumes on Africa missions, CANON WATERS in The Mission Field. that they were soon to sail for the (S. P. G.) Dark Continent and push into Portuguese West Africa, to the tribe of Menelik and Hi. Succe.sor Lunda-where never yet has the Gospel been preached-our heart took Menelik, Emperor of Abyssinia, whose death has recently been re- ported by the press, for a score

of years ruled his country with a missionary in that country. He was strong arm; by his ability, tact, cour- sent by the English Baptists, who a age, and statesmanship he harmonized few years later withdrew and transthe factions led by warlike chiefs, and ferred their work to the Basel Misbound the restless federation of states sionary Society. The work is flourinto the strong empire of Ethiopia. A ishing and in its stations are gathered year and a half ago, he suffered a 6,080 native church-members. In stroke of paralysis, which disabled I891 the German Baptists sent mishim, and caused somewhat a relaxation sionaries to Kamerun and now in their of his grip upon the Government, and stations are found 1,52I native Chrisin October he suffered another stroke, tians, while about 1,250 other native which paralyzed his body and de- Christians have formed independent throned his mind. In a period of men- Baptist congregations. tal lucidity, he selected, as the successor to his throne Lij Yasu, son of the In the southern part of Kamerun Emperor's daughter, Waizaro Shoa the missionaries of the Presbyterian Rogga, and Ras Michael. There is Church in the U. S. (North) are dograve apprehension in the home land, ing a g00d work and have 800 conand among the nations, who by the verts, so that about I30 missionary triple alliance are to a certain degree laborers are employed upon about 335 responsible for the good behavior of stations and out-stations among 30 the Ethiopian empIre, that the death millions of black inhabitants (mostly of Menelik and the change of rulers heathen) . The total number of commay result in a revolution, in which municants of Protestant churches in the chiefs of the various provinces may Kamerun is estimated at 9,000. Of fight for the throne. Roman Catholic missionaries the Pa- lotins (Pions Society of Missions), of The Christian Church was planted Rome, are laboring in this German in Abyssinia fifteen hundred years ago, colony. and has existed continuously in that country until the present time. It has ISLANDS been diluted from time to time by Ju- Religious Liberty Among Pagans Upon daism and other if-lns, but it has been Sumatra the basis of a far better civilization than that of paganism, and makes it Missionary Theis, of the Rhenish the more easy for the empire to take Missionary Society, writes from Raja its place, as it does to-clay, among the upon Sumatra, on November 3d: progressive nations of the earth. The land is practically closed to all forms "Last Monday brought a decision of of Protestant Christian work. vital importance to our work here. On another occasion the Tuan Raja The new emperor is only thirteen (chief) had entered into an agreeyears of age, and he has been given ment with me that he would send the over to the guardianship of one of children to the school, but that no re- MeneIik's most faithful friends, Ras ligious pressure should be exerted. I Tasma. The council of ministers, pro- gladly promised that. Now, however, viding a guard of 50,000 soldiers, com- a number of the older pupils have missioned the father of the young asked for baptism, and two are applyemperor to defend the city.-DR. 1. C. ing for admission to the training school, for which they seem to be well IGLEHART. fitted. But the parents were opposed to their children becoming professing Fifty Years of Missionary Effort in Christians. Therefore I laid the mat- ter before the council, and showed that Kamerun the agreement was that no religious coercion should be used, but that The German Baptist missionaries in everyone should decide for himself. Kamerun, the German colony in West Africa, recently celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the first Thus, I added, none could be hindered more or less, the need of an industrial in his decision to be baptized, and bap- education. It is not that it doubts the tism must be allowed. The members efficacy of the gospel of Jesus Christ, of the council agreed with me, and but rather that it believes such help now none can be hindered in his in- to be an integral portion of that gostention to be baptized, not even chil- pel. Look at this problem: The Fijian (lren, by their parents. has land-good land and plenty. It is lying fallow. He has strength "Naturally this liberty refers only to stored up in a body capable of fine older children, but it also implies that muscular development. That is falnone who decides to become a Chris- low also. The land rots in idleness; tian, can be ridiculed by the other in- so does the native. Can not we find habitants of his village. My kind some way of freeing the labor of the invitation to the Tuan Raja to be a native that it may act upon the land good example to his subjects and to and give some resultant product? attend the divine services, was re- That is the task we have, in a small fused, however, with the words, 'We way, set ourselves, and for the great are too old. We surrender the young majority of the Fijian people this is the gladly to you, but we older ones will gospel of race salvation." adhere to the old customs.' Thus we have the younger generation, at least, OBITUARY NOTES and not only it, but three whole families have already begun to attend the James W. Waugh, of India instruction for inquirers." Truly, sometimes pagan princes are more A cablegram announces the death of tolerant than nominal Christians. Dr. James Walter Waugh, at Morada- bad, India, on January 22, 19IO, at the A Mistake in Fiji age of seventy-eight. Doctor Waugh was one of six missionaries to respond The February issue of the Aus- to a call for reenforcements to the tralasian Methodist Missionary Re- Methodist Mission, sounded by Dr. view has a very interesting article William Butler during the Indian Mufrom the pen of Rev. ]. W. Burton tiny in 1856. He had thus been laon "Our Industrial Work in Fiji," in boring for India for over half a cenwhich he says: tury. He established the first Methodist printing-press in southern India, and "The Fijians were won to Christ it later grew into a great publishingwith a rapidity that was phenomenal house. Doctor Waugh contributed in missionary annals, and, it must be largely to Christian Indian literature said, with a thoroughness that is and was principal of Bareilly Theoscarcely to be equaled among any logical Seminary, retiring from active primitive people. N a praise can be work some years ago. too high for those early pioneers !n Fiji. But the success was too rapId Bishop Hare: Indian Missionary for the liberality of the Church that sent these men forth. At the close of The recent death of Bishop Hare, that first wonderful period was the the apostle to the Sioux Indians, takes time for rooting and grounding the one of the most devoted Christian converts, not merely in faith, but also leaders of our time. In the seventies, in works-works of the most practical under the direction of President Grant, kind. Then land ought to have been the various Indian tribes were placed bought for the future needs of the under the care of the different religrace and thus saved us to-day from the ious denominations; a certain amount reproach and dilemma of being a land- being appropriated by the Government less Church. for the carrying on of their schools. In addition to what the Government "It is the recognition of the fore- provided, the churches raised considgoing state of the natives that has erable amounts t0ward Indian educamade our Church in Fiji emphasize, tion. The Roman Catholics, who have During the past few years Mr. Marin, always shown great interest in the with Mr. Anglada, of Barcelona, has Christianizati0n of the Indian, because held together the interests of the misof their larger number of schools, sion .and the work has grown slowly, record the largest appropriation from while the literature from his press and the Government. especially the monthly publication, E1 Eco de fa Verdad, has had its influence One of the Christian leaders who in the changed feeling abroad in Spain. has stood bravely by his red brother in all his difficulties was Bishop Hare, Rev. S. J. Smith, of Siam of the Protestant Episcopal Church. A man of rare culture, of refined Rev. S. J. Smith, Litt.D., passed tastes, through long years of devoted service, he has thrown in his lot with away October ro, 1909, at the age of his red chiliren. For days and weeks eighty-nine, at Bangkok, Siam. Doctor at a time he traveled across the plains, Smith was born in Burma, and was carrying his tent with him, cooking adopted by Rev. J. T. Jones, who went his own food, exposed to all sorts of from Burma to found the mission in hardships, visiting the little Indian Siam in 1832. He spent the years churches and schools which he had es- 1835-49 in America, and returned to tablished, baptizing, confirming the Siam as a missionary of the American youth, and burying the dead. Baptist Missionary Union. When in 1868 it was decided to continue only Rev. H. C. DuBose, of China the Chinese department of the Siam Mission he determined to conduct a Word has been received of the death work for the Siamese on a self-supof Rev. H. C. DuBose, D.D., of the porting basis. Doctor Smith has had Presbyterian (South) Mission in a large and prominent part in the ma- China. Doctor and Mrs. DuBose were king of the new Siam. From his press located at Suchau, where they have were issued not only the Bible and rendered most valuable services to the other religious works, but Siamese cause of Christ. The death of Doctor classics in great numbers. He was a DuBose means a great loss to the mis- pioneer journalist, publishing both sion work of the Church in China, English and Siamese newspapers. His where he has labored since 1869, and monumental work was the Englishhas done much to put a stop to the Siamese dictionary issued in five voltraffic in opium that has so long umes. been a curse to the Celestial Empire. One of his latest pamphlets was en- Rev. Ernst Reichel Drowned at Sea titled, "The Passing of the Poppy." For the first time in the one hundred Rev. M. C. Marin, of Spain and seventy-eight years of its mission history the Moravian Church has lost The death of Rev. Manuel C. Marin, a member of its Mission Board at sea. of Sabadell, Spain, on January 3d, On January 21st the Prins Wilhelm II calls attention anew to the needy con- of the Royal Dutch West Indian Mail dition of the work in Spain in this day sailed from Amsterdam, bound for of open-mindedness and receptivity to Surinam (Dutch Guiana), South the claims of evangelical Christianity America, and has never been heard of on the part of the Spanish people. Mr. since. She carried a crew of 38, and Marin was educated at Colby College 14 passengers, among whom was the and Newton Theological Institution, Rev. Ernst Reichel of the Moravian graduating from the latter in 1885, and Mission Board, who was going to in the following year returned to Surinam on a visit of official inspec- Spain, his native land, as a missionary tion of this largest mission field of the of the Union. He was the colleague Moravian Church. Mr. Reichel was of Rev. Eric Lund until Mr. Lund one of the most distinguished clergywas transferred to the Philippines. men of the German province of the Moravian Church.

THE MISSIONARY

FIFTY YEARS OF NEW JAPAN. By Count Buddhism, says that the question Shigenobu Okuma. Translated by Mar- whether the new Buddhism will cus B. Buist. Map. 2 vols. 8vo, 646 progress is uncertain. Professor and 618 pages. $7.50, net. E. P. Dut- Inouye acknowledges that Confu- ton & Co., New York. 1910. cianism has perished, except in its ethical influence. Professor Kume The story of the progress of civili- who describes Shinto, declares that zation in Japan reads like a romance. Christianity has been silently gain- The transformation of land and peo- ing ground in Japanese hearts, but ple, of ideas and customs, seems like sees in it the reincarnation of J apathe work of an enchanter's wand. nese ideals. This story is told in two large volumes by men who are the highest INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN MIS·SIONS. By Japanese authorities in the various departments of politics, education Thomas Carey Johnson. Second edition. and industry. The work is most appropriate in commemoration of the 8vo, 220 pages. 60 cents. Presbyterian fifty years since the opening of Japan to Western influence; it is of Board of Publication, Richmond, Va. vast historical value; and must be 1910. . authoritative as a book of reference. Doctor Johnson's lectures show The editor opens with a summary how Christian missions are the natof the history of Japan, and the last of the "Shoguns." Then follow ural and necessary work of the Chrischapters by various authors on J apan's foreign relations, the political tian Church. He proves from the parties, the army, navy, police; the Bible and from history that the legal institutions, legislation, prisons, municipal progress, banking and Church is God's missionary society, finance, postal and railroad systems, and that the obligation to evangelize merchant marine, industries, relig- rests upon all Christians. The book ions, education, progress in science, is both an argument for and a hismedicine, arts, literature and social- tory of the "missionary movement." ism. There is scarcely a subject that is not well presented, and from a THE STORY OF THE NEGRO. By Booker T. Japanese, not a foreign point of Washington. 2 vols. 12mo, 332 and view. 457 pages. $3.00, net. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 1910. Christianity in Japan is described by Bishop Yoichi Honda, of the The uplift of the negro from can- Japanese Methodist Church. He re- nibalism, and fetishism, through slaports native Christians as numbering very to Christianity and civilization, 280,000, including Roman and Greek is one of the most tremendous prob- Catholics. One of the most impor- lems of the ages. The conspicuous tant steps in the progress of Chris- leader in this work in Americatianity was when a number of Japa- from slavery to civilization-here nese Christians met at Hanaoka Hill, tells the story of the struggle with near Kumamoto, and took an oath reference especially to what the that they would not engage in poli- negro himself has accomplished for tics or military affairs or other pur- his own advancement. suits to attain positions of eminence, but would devote themselves to the Principal Booker T. Washington spiritual uplift of Japan. first describes the African in his na- tive continent and shows the in- Bishop Honda believes that the fluence of his ancestry on his future. Christian Church in Japan will soon He then pictures the negro as a slave become more active and powerful in and his progress in contact with the winning the land for Christ. Pro- Christianity of America. Many do fessor Takakusu, who writes on not realize the progress made in those days before freedom, but prog- ress there was, for some noble men were developed, such as Frederick Douglass, the editor, orator and anti- slavery agitator.

The second volume is devoted to the progress of the American negro population has doubled since the since slavery. Here is a veritable civil war, that they now own $300,- encyclopedia of information on the 000,000 worth of taxed property-or negro in education, industry, politics, more; 173,000 own their own farms.

religion, business, the professions, About half the blacks over ten years poetry, music, art and every other of age can read and write, and there relationship, personal, social and are many well-educated teachers, national. preachers, doctors, and lawyers. The Doctor Washington is a clear and South is now grasping the problem forceful writer, and he knows his of negro education, and there is every subject. He shows that the negro prospect that the negro will become has been intimately woven into all a helpful factor in American national phases of American life and enter- life.

prise from the very beginning, and CENTRAL AMERICA AND ITS PROBLEMS. By that at present some parts of our country could not progress without Frederick Palmer. Map and illustra- tions. 8vo. 347 pages. $2.50, net. Mofthe help of negro labor. He believes fat Yard & Co., New York. 1910.

that the negro is here to stay, and Central America is coming more that his uplift means the 'uplift of to the attention of the world since the whole social structure. "At present," he says, "the negro race is, so the Panama Canal came under the to speak, hewing its path through control of the United States, and the wilderness. In spite of its diffi- these little republics are sure to be- come even more important when the culties there is a novelty and zest, as canal is opened. Mr. Palmer has well as an inspiration in this task that given us a thoroughly readable and few who have not shared it can appreciate. . . . V!e have had prob- fairly complete account of the politilems, but instead of despairing we cal, ethnological and social condi- tions in this little-visited section of should thank God that we have a the Western hemisphere. The volproblem. . . . It is only by man- ume is valuable as a work of refer- fully facing difficult problems that ence, but more especially as a picraces, like individuals, are made ture of the present conditions, needs strong." and opportunities. The religious THE NEGRO AND THE NATION. By George failure of Romanism is clearly pic- S. Merriam. 12mo, 436 pages. $1.75, tured, and the need is shown of net. Henry Holt & Co., New York. more extended work by Christian 1910. missionaries. This volume presents a whiteman's view of the subject as Booker LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE UNDER THREE T. Washington describes negro prog- CZARS. By Robert Sloan Latimer. Map. ress as a negro sees it. Moreover, Mr. Illustrated. I2mo. 244 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co.. New York.

Merriam gives the whole history of 1909.

the negro in relation to American No one who has not visited Russia history and politics. Here is a rec- or come into personal contact with ord of facts ; Washington gives the those who have suffered in their interpretation of the facts. One struggle for freedom, can understand needs to study both presentations of the tragedy that has been enacted there the subject to understand it. Mr. during the last half century. The story Merriam shows the growth of sla- should be read by every friend of misvery, its ope~ation and results, the sions, and of progress. Russia is now problems and struggle for the libera- in a most critical state. The people tion of the slaves, the final emanci- desire liberty, but know not yet how pation, the effects at reconstruction to use it. The thinking classes are un- and regeneration and the evolution settled in their religious views, but are up to date. We learn that the negro eager for light.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1910

A PART OF REV. DONALD FRASER'S AUDIENCE l N LOUDON, LlYINGSTON1A, CENTRAL

This is part of a Saturday congregation at the Annual Convention. On a Sabbath morning last June over 8,000 were present, and during the preceding months there were 2,000 candidates for baptism examined by the missionaries. At this meeting on Saturday, 459 adults ,,,ere baptized and received into the Church. On the following day 1,176 communicants partook of the Lord's Suppe r. (See paKc 5.)

fAfissionary CJ(eview

of the World Published by Funk II.Dd Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. W. WAgnalls, Vice-Pres., Robert J. Cuddihy, Treu., Roh.lri Scott, Sec',.), 44-6u E. 23d St.• New York.

VOL. XXXIII. No.1 JANUARY, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No. Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES A CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN MIS- There are nearly twenty-two thousand SIONS foreign missionaries in the world.

The story of a century of foreign The Bible has been translated into missionary achievement should thrill about five hundred languages and dialects. us with enthusiasm for the tasks which Total foreign missionary contributions are yet before US: amount to nearly $25,000,000 annually.

1810 Thousands of medical missionaries in the heathen lands treat three million pa- Nearly every country in Asia and tients a year. Africa was closed to the Gospel. There are 400 mission hospitals and The Church did not believe in foreign over 500 orphanages and asylums in formissions. eign lands, operated by missionaries.

There were practically no Protestant There are over six thousand unmar- Christians in heathen lands. ried women missionaries to heathen wo- men and children. Only one hundred foreign missionaries had been sent out. There are about ninety-three thousand native pastors, evangelists, etc., working The Bible was translated into only among their own people. sixty-five languages. There are nearly 30,000 schools and col- Only a few thousands of dollars were leges conducted by Protestant mi~sion­ given yearly for foreign missions. aries in foreign lands.

There were no medical missionaries. There are over 160 publishing houses There were no mission hospitals or and mission presses, and 400 Christian orphanages. periodicals are published on the mission There was no native Christian min- fields. istry. Missionary work was not recognized Thousands of college students are on in American and British colleges. the mission field, and thousands are pre- There were no unmarried women mis- paring to go. sionaries, and no organized work for women. And yet to-day one billion people There were no mission presses or agen- are still ignorant of the Gospel of cies for preparing and distributing Chris- Jesus, the Christ, the Son of God and tian literature in non-Christian lands. Savior of the world.

1910 THE FULNESS OF TIME IN MISsiONS Practically every nation in the world No student of the march of events is open to missionaries. can fail to see that, in the providence of God, there are simultaneous signs All evangelical churches are interested of 'a present world-wide opportunity in mISSIOnS. To speak against missions for the Church. The pentecosts in is counted a disgrace, and a sign of ig- mission fields, the reform movements norance. in Asia and Africa, the opening of More than two million Protestant Christians have been gathered in heathen lands-besides all who have died in the faith. closed doors, the growing sympathy intelligent knowledge of Christ and with the missionary propaganda at His salvation.

nome and abroad, the active campaigns Dr. Zeller, director of the Statis- among students, young people and tical Bureau in Stuttgart, Germany, women and laymen and the vast in~ estimates that there are 1,544,510,000 crease of missionary literature point people in the world, of whom 534,940,~ to the fact that God's time to strike 000 are Roman, Greek and Protestant has come. Christians, 175,290,000 are Mohamme- Mr. John R. Mott calls attention to dans, 10,860,000 are Jews, and 823,- the present crisis, which he declares to 420,000 are heathens. Of these last, be unprecedented because of the stu~ 300,000,000 are Confucians, 214,000,- pendous changes of an educational, 000 are Brahmans, and 121,000,000 social, economic, moral and religious Buddhists, with other bodies of lesser character actually in progress in India, numbers. This means that, out of Turkey, Persia, China, Korea and every 1,000 of the earth's inhabitants, Japan. The predictions of five years 346 are nominal Christian, 114 are ago have been more than fulfilled. Mohammedan, 7 are Israelite, and The changes in Turkey are almost un~ 533 are of other religions.

believable; Persia's destiny will be How overwhelming these figures, determined in the next few years and and what a loud call they contain for Russia is still in the balance. In Af- prayer and effort. It is evident that rica, pagamsm is doomed and is al- the world is a long way from being ready dying. The contest is between converted, or even evangelized.

Islam and Christianity, fatalism with AN EXAMPLE IN LARGE GIVING the worship of the false prophet The will of John S. Kennedy, Esq., and liberty with the worship of of New York, who died on October 31, God as revealed in Christ. There is recalls a group of the most liberal also a rising tide of nationalism in benefactions that we ever remember South America and a desire to leave to have seen. The departed banker the superstition and formalism of gives half of his fortune of $60,000,- paganized Christianity for the light 000 to American charitable institu- and liberty of the Gospel. tions. To the Presbyterian Boards of There is a "fulness of time" as truly Foreign Missions, Home Missions, as there was in the day of Christ. Church Erection, Presbyterian Hos- God is evidently preparing the world pital, New York, he bequeaths each for a forward movement of the $2,500,ooo-the largest bequest to such Church and at the same time is pre- purposes on record. Then to the paring the Church for advance. Those Church extension work of New York who fail to join in the onward march Presbytery, Robert College, Constan- will be left outside at the Bridal Sup- tinople, and United Charities of New per of the King. York, each $5°0,000; and to the WHAT REMAINS TO BE DONE American Bible Society and Presby- terian Aid for Colleges, each $75°,000.

One-third of the people of the world These are only the major legacies and are nominally Christian, but in reality those to missionary and distinctly re- not more than one in thirty have an ligious institutions. Lesser amounts

OF THE TIMES

to similar purposes range from $10,000 ing-point," led to a sort of symposium to $100,000, with a most discreet in which bishops and prebendaries took and discriminating selection of the ob- part. All admit the decreased church- jects of his benefaction. going; and sevt;ral causes of decline Such an example of liberality seems were assigned, such as "the develop- to us to inaugurate a new era. When ment of locomotion," "love of pleas- before have three great mission so- ure," "irreverent handling of Scrip- cieties received an aggregate .sum of ture," "week-end excursions," "a nig- seven millions and a half? It imposes gardly spirit in rich churchgoers,"

a grave responsibility on these organi- and one party says that "the vocabu- zations to determine how such vast lary of the churches has become sound- sums shall be so disbursed as to avoid ing brass."

waste, and at the same time to escape Of the decrease in church attend- the worse error of promoting a lower ance, admitted by all, one cause, not standard of giving among Christians mentioned, may have more to do than at large. any or all of the others; namely, the THE CHANGING SENTIMENT decline in worship, in its Scriptural Sydney Smith sneered at the early sense. Some one says that "let us go advocates of missions as "apostates of into the house of the Lord" is now the anvil and the 100m" ; he put Carey changed to "let us go to Dr. -'s and his class in the pillory and then church," or "let us go and hear So- shot at them the arrows of a pitiless and-So," the thought of meeting mockery and ridicule. To-day, the God, and offering to Him worship in Church and the world as well do praise and prayer, and reverent hear- homage to the names and memories ing of His word, being almost lost in of the humble working men who left the seeking of entertainment in lis- their shoemaker's bench, weaver's tening to some human orator.

loom, blacksmith's forge, and shep- This is so common and prevalent herd's fold, as the primitive disciples that, in consequence, the elements of forsook their ships and nets and tax- worship proper, reduced practically to bench to undertake the world's evan- a minimum, are treated as unimportant gelization. Verily, the apostates of "preliminaries," performed too often the anvil and the 100m have become in a careless and slovenly fashion, as apostles of a new and grander era in something formal, to be got out of the world-wide mISSIons, and Sydney way. Two inevitable effects follow: Smith himself rather is in the pillory. first, the churchgoer becomes increas- When God turns the wheel, history ingly indifferent and insensible to the makes rapid revolutions, and the claims of divine worship as such, and Nemesis of Providence handles a morbidly bent on hearing some at- scourge of no small cords but of scor- tractive and eloquent speaker, and, pion tails. naturally, if he does not care for hear- IS CHRISTIAN FAITH LOSING ing the preacher that is available, GROUND? either stays away altogether or goes The remark of a clerical visitor con- as the caprice takes him. There is no cerning Christianity in Britain, that sense of obligation Godward.

"it is rapidly approaching the vanish- A second result follows: God Him-

self, dishonored by this loss of sensi- has churchgoing been considered as bility and conscientiousness as to His less imperative? Does not the one 'own rightful claims upon human fact imply and involve the other?

homage, withholds spiritual blessing Were there to-day a general revival and practically withdraws from such of the sense of God's presence in the assemblies as do gather that manifes- assembly, and a hearty return to the tation of His presence which is the worship of the Lord, with a desire and highest charm and power of church determination that it should be in the life, and the only attraction that per- beauty of holiness; were there once manently proves effective. more an exaltation of worship to its It would not be surprizing if this true place as the grand end of meeting were not one cause only, but the main together on the Lord's day, man's cause, of declension in churchgoing. pursuit of worldly pleasure on that So long as proper stress is laid on the day would gradually give place to a worship of God, and this is constantly returning sense of obligation to render uplifted as the grand purpose and ob- unto the Lord the glory due unto His ject of the Christian assembly, the at- name. Let the conscience once again.

tendant becomes more and more a awake, and motoring and cycling, worshiper, and learns to think of wor- golfing and baseball, Sunday travel ship as foremost, and man's utterances and excursions, social visiting and all subordinate. The sense of God is not similar invasions of sacred time, would lost and the sense of duty is not sac- have a new and counteractive restraint rificed. Both preacher and hearer are in a growing and wholesome reverence much the better for thus magnifying for spiritual things. But while the the divine element and minifying the present drift continues, there is no human; and the more God is honored hope of a reform, further downward by a worshiping assembly, the more decline is inevitable, and the question He honors and blesses the worshipers. is one which demands prompt and Another kindred result follows: prayerful attention.

"The Beauty of Holiness"-the only beauty of which God is jealous in WHAT GOD IS DOING IN AFRICA worship is increasingly cultivated; the Fifty years ago Missionary Krapf beauty of architecture and art, music was ridiculed because he dared to talk and eloquence, furniture and garniture, of a chain of mission stations ex- does not engross the mind and dis- tending through Central Africa from place that higher beauty which alone the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. To- makes the sanctuary permanently at- day the chain exists.

tractive, as a reflection of Heaven A little more than fifty years ago upon earth. David Livingstone was laboring in We are slow to learn that all de- Central Africa with very slight re- partures from a divine pattern react sults, and little encouragement. To- to the degeneration of church life and day the Livingstone Mission holds a the decline of church power. Never, convention attended by several thou- in modern times, has worship been so sand Christian natives who camped in little treated as important. Is it not booths erected in the woods. A few inevitable that in consequence never months ago more than 300 were re-·

19IO] SIGNS OF THE TIMES

ceived into the Church in a single day outskirts of the crowd could be heard and 7,000 were present at one service, over all the gathering, and had to be and twenty-four native teachers removed by its mother to the trees in offered themselves as missionaries. the distance. During the service 1,100 Thirty years ago Uganda was a catechumens took their vows and sang heathen state where cruelty reigned their hymn of consecration, creating supreme. To-day 360,000 of its in- a profound impression upon the gath- habitants, more than one-half of its ered throng. The whole convention population, are Christians. Not long was a mighty demonstration of the ago Dahomey and Ashantiland were triumph of the Gospel and of the won- full of bloodshed and murder. To- derful changes wrought by it in Af- day the message of peace in Christ rica, the land of vast opportunity.

Jesus has penetrated even their gloom THE KONGO QUESTION and hundreds are faithful Christians. With the death of Leopold, King During the first week of June, 1909, of Belgium, on December r6, it the South Africa Dutch Reformed Mission held its annual convention at is hoped that the Kongo question Loudon, in the Angoni hills, west of will be satisfactorily settled. The Lake Nyassa, and immense congrega- verdict of Sir Edward Grey has tions gathered, so that on Sabbath been endorsed by Earl Percy and apmorning over 8,000 were present. proved by the House of Commons. In Nearly 2,000 men and"women applied the Berlin Treaty of 1885, Britain unfor baptism or for entrance to the dertook "to watch over the preservacatechumenate, and they were only tion of the native races and the amethose who had already been examined lioration of the moral and material and passed by the committee of fifty condition of their existence." The elders. More than a score of out- reforms demanded by Sir Edward schools were shut off, because a week Grey are only the minimum of what before the convention the government is essential, but diplomacy has failed applied the sleeping-sickness regula- to secure them, and the Belgian Govtions and declared Angoniland a closed ernment has proved as elusive and country. The many who were already evasive as King Leopold. Despite on their way from the distant villages smooth words, the evils in question reof the Loangwa plain had to be turned main unchecked. The Belgian Coloback. On Saturday 683 heathen nial Minister returned from a tour of adults and children were baptized, and inspection on the Kongo, to laud the it took four hours to complete the achievements of the administration service. On Sabbath 1,176 commu- and flatly deny the existence of the nicants sat down at the Lord's table, alleged abuses! The only "reform"

and at the great public service which of any consequence is a proposal to followed the communion service and throw open to all traders a district of was held in the open air a mass of country not hitherto appropriated to more than 8,000 crowded closely to- any of the privileged companies; but gether (see frontispiece). So rapt for the robbery, enslavement and op- was the attention and so quiet were pression of the natives there is no the hearers, that a baby crying on the promise of redress.

On November 19, a great represent- against consecration of children to ative meeting was held in Albert Hall, lives within the precincts of the tem- London, to appeal to the conscience of ples, which seemed to be considered the nation and of the world not to almost equivalent to lives of immoralabandon the native peoples of the ity, were earnestly urged. Kongo to the tender mercies of the present Belgian administration. CHANGES IN ISLAM Out of all these appeals, by tongue Prof. George Adam Smith exand pen, through the literature of fact presses his belief that the recent liband fiction, hope begins to emerge. eralizing movement in the Moslem What Sir Conan Doyle calls "the countries of the near East means "a greatest crime in the history of the change of the whole atmosphere in world" seems about to be at least re- which Islam has lived and flourished strained, if not stopt. The new Bel- for centuries." This new atmosphere gian King can not disregard the voice is the great opportunity of Christianof outraged humanity. Albert, if not ity-the greatest opportunity which as able as his late uncle, is younger, has ever opened to it in the East since and it is hoped will prove vastly more Carey and his followers began work moral and unselfish as a man and under the Danish flag in Bengal. Are ruler. In his Guildhall speech lately, we ready for such an opening and the prime minister of England spoke such a call? "Shall we be true to our words of assurance that the end of belief that God is in Christ reconthis long history of outrage is at hand. ciling the world unto Himself; that in Let us pray that it may be. Christ's teaching we have a fuller, richer knowledge of God, His nature THE AWAKENING OF INDIA and His purposes for men than Jew, Mohammedan or Buddhist possest?" How much Christian ideas and thought are commencing to permeate One of the great contrasts between the moral consciousness of the people Mohammedan and non-Mohammedan in India, in spite of the earnest efforts lands has, heretofore, been in the stress of the native leaders to hinder it, is laid upon the importance of a liberal remarkable. A social conference was education and the lack of opportunities held in Madras a short time ago, ac- for women in Moslem countries. With cording to the annual report of the the new constitution in Turkey has Leipsic Missionary Society. It was come a complete change, so that it is well attended by Indian women of the possible to-day for a Turkish woman higher classes, and the subjects dis- not only to go to college, but with the cust were of a wide range. The abo- help of the government. When the lition of caste was proposed and edu- American College for Girls at Constancation of women was demanded. Re- tinople began its new school year, marrying of widows and reform of among the thirty Turkish students enthe system of marriage, especially con- rolled were five whose entire expenses cerning the age of the marrying par- are paid by the government, which deties (men to be allowed to marry at mands nothing in return but a pledge eighteen, girls at twelve) , were greatly that they will become teachers for five favored, and precautionary laws years after their graduation. Truly, a new day has dawned in Turkey.

A HALF-CENTURY OF PRAYER, WITH SIGNS

BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF In November, 1858, a little over Spain imprisoned a man for daring to fifty years ago, a notable call sell a Bible, or preach the Gospel.

to united prayer in behalf of France was practically infidel, and the world was issued by the Germany permeated with rationalism; Lodiana Mission, in India. This ap- and, over a large part of the mission peal made such an impression or.. the field, the doors were shut and locked Church at large that it led to the by a more or less rigid exclusion and setting apart of the first week of J anu- caste system. Now the changes, on ary, of the following year, for that every side, are so remarkable and purpose; and, tho somewhat modi- so radical that, to one who should fied in observance by the adoption of suddenly come out of this middle a more general and comprehensive period of the last century, or wake program, the annual "Week of from another Rip Van Winkle sleep, Prayer" in January is still kept the world would be unrecognizable.

throughout Christendom, the subjects He who holds the keys of the two- for each day being recommended by leaved gates has been unlocking them, the Evangelical Alliance. opening up all lands to the Messenger Of those who sent forth this call of the Cross. Even in the Eternal to prayer, only one or two survive; City, where, a half-century ago, a but it would be impossible to measure, visitor had to leave his Bible outside or even gather up, the fruit of this the walls, there are Protestant chapels seed-sowing of faith. The Hearer of by the score, and a free circulation of Prayer, who inspired the invitation, the Scriptures.

has crowned it with blessing. It It is a curious coincidence, full of everywhere met a cordial response; it deep significance, that, in 1747, about awoke the Church to new life and one hundred and ten years previous, zeal; and so remarkable and world- Jonathan Edwards had sent out his wide have been the results of this famous Call to Prayer, to which can prayer union, that since this new con- be traced all that marvelous spiritual cert of supplication began to be ob- awakening which marked the whole served, not one nation has remained latter half of the eighteenth century, untouched in its religious life and his- and gave rise to the modern mission- tory; the whole face of the world has ary revival. And it will greatly en- been changed, if not its heart. A courage every devout praying soul to half-century ago, China and Man- cast a glance over the equally marvel- c!luria, Japan and Korea, Turkey and ous results of the Lodiana call. We Arabia, and even the vast continent of reprint in full the original document: Africa, were sleeping-hermit nations, An invitation to prayer, addrest to the locked in the cell of long seclusion and Church of Christ throughout the world; exclusion. Central Asia was com- being an extract from the minutes of the paratively unexplored, as was Central twenty-third annual meeting of the Lo- Africa. In many lands, Satan's long diana Mission: occupation was undisputed and his empire unmolested. Papal countries Whereas our spirits have been greatly were as intolerant as pagan; Italy and refreshed by what we have heard of the Lord's dealings with His people ill America, therefore,

Resolved, First, that we hereby pub- hensive view of those colossal changes licly acknowledge the debt of gratitude which led Mr. Gladstone to remark we owe to Him, and our obligations to that, within a single decade of years, live more than ever, not unto ourselves, there had been more progress in some but unto Him who died for us. directions than during all the ages preceding. This progress it is im- And in view of our own spiritual ne- possible to realize, or even recognize, cessities, and of the wants of the perish- until some leading events are mar- ing millions about us, and in the hope shaled in line, afid seen in their mutual of obtaining similar blessings for this connection, succession, relation. At- land. tempts have been made to frame a chronological table of the main de- Resolved, Second, that we will do our velopments in the missionary field, in best to get union meetings for prayer order to get a view of the links in this for the outpouring of the Spirit, estab- chain of events.* But so many items lished at our respective stations, and also deserve record that any such attempt at other stations wherever we may find must be, at best, only a partial suc- two or three willing to meet together in cess. One table we have consulted the name of Christ. does not even mention this Lodiana appeal, which belongs in the forefront And, further, being convinced from the of such modern events, and it is not signs of the times that God has still unlikely that in our present attempt large blessings in store for His people, at a comprehensive survey, we may and f,gr our ruined race, and that He overlook what some may see as prom- now seems to be ready and waiting to inent peaks in the historic horizon. bestow them as soon as asked, therefore But even a hasty look over this broad landscape of the half-century must Resolved, Third, that we appoint the impress one with the amazing answers second week in January, 1860, beginning to the prayer implied and suggested with Monday the 8th, as a time of special in this circular-letter of fifty years prayer that God would now pour out His ago. At least two hundred and fifty Spirit upon all flesh, so that all the ends of the most memorable advances of of the earth might see His salvation; the missionary host, and of the na- that on the first day, that is, on Monday, tions whose evangelization has been the 8th, be a holy convocation for solemn undertaken, belong to the five decades fasting, humiliation and prayer, and that since the Lodiana letter was pub- on the fast day-that is, Sabbath, the lished to the world. For example, the 14th-be a holy convocation for thanks- very year of the appeal, 1858, was , giving and praise; that the intervening memorable for tha downfall of the time be spent in private and social exer- East India Company, so long a prac- cises of prayer and praise as the cir- tical barrier to missions; for the lay- cumstances of each community may dic- ing of the first ocean cable, that living tate; that all God's people, of every name ligature between transatlantic mem- and nation, of every continent and island, bers of the world's organism; it had be cordially and earnestly invited to unite with us in a similar observance of * Compare "Missionary Annals of the Nineteenth that time; and that from the receipt of this invitation, onward, all be requested Century," D. L. Leonard. in their secret, family and public devo- tions, habitually to entreat the Lord to pour out upon all His people so much of the spirit of grace and supplication as to prepare them for such an observance of the time designated as may meet with His approval and secure His blessing.

Lodiana, November 29th, 1858.

By a rapid glance over this past half-century, we may get a compre- This table includes only Missions to non-Christian and non-Protestant peoples, and so omits work done in non-Papal Europe, while covering that in behalf of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese in the Unit~d States. The figures are derived almost wholly from annual reports, and relate in the main to 1909, tho sometimes the year includes a part of 1908. The aim has been to leave the fewest possible blanks, and hence where the latest official figures were not at hand, conservative estimates have been made, based upo~ former reports.- REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

• NAKEa OF SOCIBTIEI 1 Foreign Countries In Which Missions Are Sustained, and Number of Mi.sions (Abbreviated) en American Board ……………. . 1810 $947,163 $262.764 581 170 186 193 1,130 263 4,564 5,694 1,502 73,671 5,914 132,119 1,483 70,979 S. A~rica, Turkey, India, China, Japan, Micro- Baptist Missionary Union …….. . 1814 1,151,354 8,065 250,000 1,819 'nessa, Mex., Spain, Austria, Philippines (20). Southern Baptist Convention •.••.. 1845 133,590 232 23 238 144 637 340 4,980 5,617 2,777 147,053 2,905 Free Baptistl ……………… . 1833 460,798 35,000 182 55,253 Bur~ Ind!~, ~hina, Japan, Afnca, France, 34,658 40,288 95 9 95 32 231 98 375 606 608 16,596 166 2,375 103 ~patn, PhilipplOes (14).

1,368 9 o 9 9 27 10 109 130 18 1,368 4,596 ChlOa, Japan, Africa, Italy, Mexico, Brazil, Cuba (7).

4,615 India (Southern Bengal), Africa (2).

Nltional Baptist Convention •••••. 1880 23,537 1,000 52 83 104 24 263 47 130 393 40 8,074 300 20,000 35 1)00 Africa, West and East, Welt Indies, South Seventh·Day Baptists ••••••.•••.. 1842 12,000 2,000 3 1 3 2 9 1 14 23 3 120 6 300 America. 6 200 China (1.) Christian (Disciples of Christ) .••. 1875 450,106 54,829 62 82 70 67 281 170 815 1,096 280 16,393 2,537 47,000 113 7,017 Chi!,a, India. Japan, Turkey, Africa, Philip- 15,218 pmes (6). Christian Convention •••….••••. 1.,886 642 8 o 6 2 16 7 25 41 40 913 95 2,000 2 270,998 13 Japan (Tokyo, etc.) (1). Christian and Missionary Alliance.. 1897 708,928 7,700 70 50 90 86 296 30 350 646 103 4,070 594 9,500 95 4,350 W. Cen~ral Afric~, India, China, Japan, South Protestant Episcopal •••••••••••. · 1835 82,000 Society of Friends ………….. · 1871 30,474 89,771 75 50 59 77 261 147 75~ 1,020 391 12,303 1,643 28,000 207 Amenca, PalestlOe, etc. (8). Evanrellcal Association ••.••.••••. 1876 7,928 Africa, China, Japan, Haiti, Mexico, Alaska Lutheran, General Council ••••••• ,. 1869 34,167 9,583 34 10 24 35 103 10 195 298 87 4,166 360 9,000 40 Lutheran, General Synod .••••••. ,. 1837 85,300 (6). 1,185 7 o7 8 22 24 48 70 27 995 111 2,700 3 1,834 MeXICO, Alaska, Jamaica, India, China, Japan, 1,220 9 o 8 7 24 2 327 351 278 7,521 1,000 14,919 188 Cuba. Armenia, Palestine (8). 25 Japan. 19,000 16 o 8 15 39 2 644 683 520 13,500 218 45,000 301 5,598 India (Madras), Porto Rico (2). 8,511 India (Madras), West Africa (2).

United Norwegian …………… ,. 1895 65,187 315 16 3 17 12 48 7 101 149 100 866 299 1,540 11 463 Madagascar, China (2).

Five Norwegian Synods .•…•.•. ,. 63,501 2,130 20 57 14 10 101 12 456 557 135 3,309 900 15,590 61 1,515 Methodist Episcopal•••••••••.••. ,. 1819 2,019,084 19,000 314 58 311 345 1,028 619 8,391 9,419 1,013 247,859' 17,157 165,000 2,318 74,343 China, Korea, Japan, India, Africa, Bulgaria, Methodist Episcopal, South ……. , 1846 831,998 70,362 115 Mexico, Soudi America, Pnilippines (22). African Methodist Episcopal. …. ,. 1847 15,480 48,949 101 8 91 108 308 90 689 997 526 23,454 2,430 10,000 13 9,572 China, Korea, Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Cuba (6). 4,500 5 9 7 o 21 11 68 89 84 2,597 214 750 Africa. West Indies, South America (4).

Free Methodist…………….. ". 1882 53,209 I910 20 10 28 23 81 1 90 171 92 1,004 326 1,034 26 1,232 Africa, India, China, Japan (4). Methodist Protestant ••.•••.••••••,. 1888 24,630 8 2 410 Japan (Yokohama) (1). 990 4 o4 o 8 20 28 22 790 210 2,500 Presbyterian ……………….. ,. 1837 1,487,160 342,483 299 98 327 212 946 263 3,442 4,388 1,927 76,801 14,409 150,000 1,446 101,756 India,. Siam, China, Japan, Korea, W. Africa, Presbyterian, South………….. ,. 1861 412,156 Reformed Presbyterian •••••••••• ,. 1836 36,904 23,260 85 40 86 69 280 12 193 472 453 12,317 2,219 29,000 46 SyrIa, Persia, Spanish Am., Philippines (25). 3,790 China, • Korea, Japan, Africa, Italy, Mexico, BraZIl, Cuba (8). 1,500 14 1 12 7 34 1 53 87 16 458 49 1,200 17 966 Asia Minor, Syna, Cyprus, China (4).

Ulited Presbyterian ………….. ,. 1859 340,935 191,210 44 16 52 65 177 77 1,300 1,477 634 27,662 2,860 67,365 386 27,677 India (Panjab), Egypt, Eastern Sudan (3).

Reformed (Dutch) •••••….••••• ,. 1832 205,373 10,443 32 10 32 37 111 40 72~ 839 314 5,301 308 16,000 223 9,486 India, China, Japan, Arabia (4).

Refo.rmed (German) .•••••..•.••• ,. 1878 95,000 6,840 18 2 18 12 50 13 7~ 128 50 2,250 87 5,000 7 640 Japan (Tokyo, Sendai, etc.), China (2). German Evangelical Synod .•••.•. ,. 1867 28,419 1,137 8 1 5 2 16 o 55, 71 51 1,894 130 3,181 42 1,675 India (Central Provinces) (1).

United Brethren in ·Christ …….. , • 1853 100,459 7,457 23 2 20 10 55 17 12~ 179 190 3,253 874 10,643 31 1,478 West Africa, Japan, Porto Rico, China, Philip. Canada Baptist ……………… ,. 1873 87,313 pines (5). 2,200 27 o 22 43 82 8 22Q 502 184 6,738 671 12,152 136 3,128 India (Telugus), Bolivia, (2).

Canada Methodist…………….. 1872 356,210 8,290 72 16 77 43 209 13 150 359 174 6,230 572 14,000 58 2,630 Japan (Tokio), China, American Indiana (3).

'.

Canada Presbyterian ••••••.•.••. ,. 1844 233,272 14,138 72 23 76 68 239 10 38~ 624 235 7,809 976 15,000 189 12,914 China, India, New Hebrides, West Indies, For.

Other American Societies……… ,. …… 554,396 64,616 203 96 164 81 544 63 59? 1,143 270 32,241 2,360 57,000 245 10,094 mosa, Korea, American Indians (7).

– – · 1 – – – – · · – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – –.– – – . ~. – – . – – —–·—–1——-1——·1——- Totals for America ………… ,. …… 1,317,405 1,375,308 2,630 928 2,270 1,848 7,677 2,416 30,47~ 38,347 13,144 769,576 70,992 1,244,480 9,949 437,138 —:—–1——1—· – – – – – – — — —- — — Totals for America………….. 1908 1 10,061,433 1,623,562 2,086 624 2,169 1,754 6,611 2,216 29,11~ 35,704 12,852 736,978 87,075 1,155,789 9,315 360,233 —–1— –. – – – – —- — —- — — 1—–1—- —–1—- Baptist Society (England)……… 1792 452,945 35,670 167 30 120 11 328 58 571 905 1,119 20,319 1,392 ~.: 60,000 185 20,302 India, China. Palestine, Central Africa, West London Society (L. M. S.)…….. 1795 790,555 Inaies (8). 203,860 167 46 179 82 474 971 6,865 7,339 1,730 84,826 1,920 295,530 1,677 80,477 China, India, Africa, Madagascar, Polynesia (9).

Church Society (c. M. S.)…….. 1799 1,938,355 219,360 414 152 386 438 1,390 394 8,394 9,784 2,715 99,680 4,820 351,320 2,556 151,777 Persia, Palestine, China, ,Japan, India, Africa, Propagation Society (S. P. G.)….. 1701 1,023,330 57,240 4,216 248,000 640 North America, Austral.., etc. (30). Universities' Mission………….. 1858 247,330 656 50 380 200 1,286 222 1,640 2,926 1,624 135 200,420 4,890 685 15,000 45,620 India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Africa, West 3,565 32 30 0 59 121 22 263 384 93 Indiee, -. (32).

8,160 Africa (Lake Nyasa and Zanzibar) (2).

South American Society……….. 1844 82,125 102,315 14 17 20 22 73 0 95 168 58 780 0 1,890 21 875 South America (3).

Society of Friends. ………. ….. 1866 167,050 21,320 37 5 34 26 102 460 1,219 1,321 264 3,123 356 14,168 138 7,012 Palestine, India, China, Natal, Madagascar (4).

Wesleyan Methodist Society.. …… 1813 821,570 1,014,560 307 13 166 11 497 305 4,704 5,201 3,284 116,494 4,925 491,011 1,671 112,204 IndIniaalieCs,hIintaaIy,ASfrpiacian (West and South), West (29). 44,210 7,650 20 0 17 2 39 4 26 65 53 2,500 250 4,000 20 700 Africa (1). Primitive Methodist••••.••…….. , 1870 United Methodists (Free)……… 1857 77,590 6,685 48 2 40 8, 98 15 655 753 580 18,464 2,121 39,358 22 1,651 China, East and West Africa, Jamaica (4).

Presbyterian Church of England …. 1847 191,390 22,500 28 19 31 34 112 44 440 554 326 10,098 945 50,000 100 4,500 India, China, Malaysia, Formosa, Syria (5).

Welsh Calvinistic……………… 1840 91,705 11,306 16 0 15 7 38 22 480 518 486 9,258 634 29,277 415 9,158 N. E. India, Assam, France (Brittany) (2).

China Inland Mission ………….. , 1865 406,102 14,457 79 287 250 292 908 15 1,167 2,075 1,001 20,993 2,540 83,972 216 4,076 China (Eighteen Provinces) (18).

Established Church of Scotland…. 1829 264,340 53,320 29 26 32 61 157 14 585 742 230 5,653 776 18,000 290 14,730 India, East Central Africa, Palestine, China United Free Church••••••••••••••• I 1843 661,850 47,211 2,483 27,302 1,672 (4). Prelbyterian Church of Ireland….. I 1840 105,765 481,345 145 63 148 126 482 54 4,205 4,687 1,545 1,249 16,250 3,100 204 95,118 India, Africa, Arabia, Palestine New Heb· 16,380 26 11 23 13 73 9 689 762 205 rides, Manchuria, Japan, West Indies (12).

6,485 China, India (Gujerat), Syria (3).

I Other British Societies •..•••••…. 1,······ 2,265,351 209,150 333 996 887 863 3,079 70 6,800 9,879 1,472 102,150 3,100 155,000 687 41,830 Total Britiah Societies •••••••..• I!~ 9,584.653 1–2-,6-7-0-,7-7-3-1–2-,5-1-8 -1-,-74-7- -2-,-72-8- -2-,2-5-5- —9-,2-5-7- –2-,6-7-9' -3-8-,8-0-4' -4-8-,0-6-3' -1-6-,7-8-5 -6-06-,2-3-9' -3-2,-4-12- 1–1,-90-0-,0-7-8-1–1-0-,6-4-9-1—60-4-,-67-5 1 – – 1 – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -~— – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – . Totals for British Societies …… I 1908 9,265,447 2,452,320 2,061 1,736 2,433 2,087 8,328 1,915 46,359 54,827 15,016 604,227 37,842 1,364,326 10,229 567,723 1 Basel Society …………………… 11 1815 417,072 1 – – -7-5-,4-18- -1-5-3' –7-1. -1-38- –24- –3-8-6' –60- –1-,5-8-4' -1-,9-70- –72-2 32,863 2,769 59,158 –6-5-7'1—- -,7-02 South India, China, West Africa (3). 32 Berlin Society………………. 1824 225,861 67,182 118 16 107 27 268 23 982 1,250 508 31,369 1,720 52,016 686 12,350 Africa (East and South), Chinl (3).

Breklum (Schleswig·Holstein)…… 1877 51,207 942 17 0 12 0 29 0 99 128 112 1,372 340 6,500 78 1,570 India (Telugus) (1).

Gossner'a Society……………… 1836 81,315 4,622 46 6 37 5 94 37 978 1,072 519 27,673 1,896 . 90,240 194 7,230 India (Ganges, Chota Nag'pore) (1).

Hermannsburg Society…………. 1849 120,150 21,300 65 2 64 4 135 5 518 653 160 39,315 925 74,000 191 9,720 India, South Africa, Persia (3).

Leipsic Society……………….. 1836 123,435 13,490 59 10 52 16 137 18 225 362 325 9,897 219 20,274 349 14,745 South India, Burma, British and German East Africa (4). I ndia (Lad ak), S outh A f Er isckail mAo,usItnrdaliiaan, South Moravian Church……………… 1732 208,450 175,200 156 38 177 14 385 , 35 489 876 1,016 33,079 1,708 102,381 305 26,884 America, We st Indies, . (9).

North German Society…………. 1836 45,494 8,230 16 2 10 7 35 2 63 98 141 3,480 430 15,200 141 5,162 West Africa (Slave Coast) (1).

Rhenish Society (Barmen)…….. 1828 265,140 31,615 171 23 169 25 388 38 2,694 2,898 611 63,562 5,872 137,232 654 34,745 Africa, Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea, China 285 557 (5).

—zos Other German Societies………… …… 322,840 P 80 272 13. 7,917 9,864- 8,172 721 15,700 118 4,913 31,420 110 45 140 –s:!6 ·167'["2.i31~· Total German Societiel•••••••••• -..-..-.-. 1,869,964 '1—42-9-,4-1-9-1–9-1-1 4,254 -2-50-,7-8-£ -1-6-,6-00– –57-2-,7-0-1-1–3-,3-7-3-1—1-50-,-02-1 Totals for German Societies•••… =~19~0~8=:==1=,=65=0='2=5=0=:::====4=I=l'=73=3=-I–9-2-2 238 862 167 1– 2,341 223 8,094. 10,413 4,693 1_2_4_2_,2_8_9_1_-_-2=4=,1=6=8:1~~-5_-5_7~,-3_-1_4~-:_-~~-3_-,_1-6__-5 __1_4_6,_8~ Paris Society……… .. . .. .. .. .. .. 1822 150,000 45,000 57 26 78 19 180 84 1,680 1,860 900 32,250 620 75,042 500 25,300 Africa (South, East and West), Tahiti, Mad· Swiss Romande…… ………. …. 1875 62,803 agasear (5).

9,640 22 7 21 20 70 0 85 155 77 2,118 180 3,860 86 2,716 East Africa (1).

Netherlands Societies………….. .. … . 140,130 21,250 110 36 80 49 275 10 284 559 138 8,264 590 15,500 115 4,790 Scandinavian Societies…………. .. .. .. 485,650 60,870 179 30 183 68 460 121 2,240 2,700 1,245 55,870 1,846 105,000 1,327 86,250 Australasian Methodist Society….. 1855 101,000 46,460 31 6 27 18 82 98 5,306 5,388 1,776 40,621 2,251 150,000 1,358 30,705 Fiji, Samoa, New Britain, New Guinea (5). I 5,615 332,243 9,650 Asia, Africa, The Islanda, etc •••••• :.::.:.:.: 910,470 200,885 573 275 600 266 1,714 290 6,480 8,194 800,000 1,833 72,400 I~~~~~~~~————-:"-':-:~-~;-r ———~——I————————~- TOTALS FOR CHRISTENDOM _,,_._,,_. $24,613,075 Totals for 1908………………….. $22,846,465 $4,859,605 7,031 3,260 6,833 4,710 I 21,834 5,929 93,272 115,130 43,934 2,097,963 135,141 4,866,661 29,190 1,413,995 1 28,164 1,290,582 $4,843,814 5,995 2,956 -:::- 19,875 4,999' 98,955' 118,901' 41,563 2,056,173 -16-4-,6-7-4- -4-,-28-5-,1-9-9 Totals for 1905 ………………_ …_ .. $_19,661,885 1-$-3-,5-1-6,-01-5-1–5,-9-05- 2,567 5,061 4,3061–i7,839 4,353 89,335 107,174 31,451 1,754,18£ 143,193 4,072,088 -2-7-,8-3-5'1–1-,2-4-6,-1-27 '3.422'r16.21s Totals for 1900…………….. ':'::":::1$15,479,575. $1,833,961 4,738 3,409 4,650 5,263 62,366 78,585 25,108 1,369.42S' 94,562 3,556,140 20,196 1,035,724 Totals for 1895………….. .. …. $13,620,972 1-$-1-,5-4-5,-00-0"'1-4–,0-28- 1,477 3,682 2,578 1–11,765 4,295 55,118 66,883 22,631 995,793 63,081 2,770,801 19,384 786,002 • Including probationers.

A HALF-CENTURY OF PRAYER

been a year of religious revival, so versities Mission to Central Africa, extensive as to prepare the way for a Netherlands Dutch Reformed, Renew missionary advance, and to im- formed Presbyterian, Utrecht, and part new impetus to the work of or- Finland societies were formed that ganization and occupation; memorable very year; from 1860 to 1862, the also for the going forth of that Christian Reformed, Woman's Union, apostle to the New Hebrides, John G. Strict Baptist, Southern Presbyterian; Paton. The Lord had begun to and, in 1865, the Canada Baptist, answer even before His people called, Paris Missionary Society, and, above according to His promise (Isa. all, the China Inland Mission. Then 65: 24). followed the English Baptist Women in 1867, the American Congrega- Progress Round the World tionalist Women in 1868, the Lutheran General Council in 1869, the Primitive From the beginning of this new Methodists and Presbyterian Women's concert of prayer in 1859, the progress Board (U. S. A.) in 1870; the United all around the world was at a more Original Secession Church, and Episrapid and regular pace. copal Women's, and Baptist Women's Boards (U. S. A.) in 1871; the East I. For example, in the direction of London Institute, 1872; the Irish exploration. That was the year when Presbyterian 'Women's, and Free Bap- Livingstone discovered Lake Nyassa, tist Women's, in 1873; the Swissand, in the next, Speke and Grant French Churches', the Mission to reached Victoria Nyanza from the Lepers, African Methodist Women's, Nile. Between 1864 and 1867 Rohlfs and Friends' Syrian Mission, in 1874; had crossed the Sahara to Lake Chad, in 1875, the Women's Board of Disand between 1866 and 1873 Living- ciples, Reformed Dutch Women's, stone, the missionary general and United ~rethren's Vomen's, Assostatesman, had come to "the end of ciate Reformed Synod's Women's, the geographical feat" which, as he and Disciples'; and Cumberland Presforesaw, would be "the beginning of byterian and Breklum Societies in the true missionary crusade." In 1876. Six more women's societies 1875, Cameron crossed Africa, and fell into the ranks from 1877 to 1880, Stanley pressing on to Uganda, met including the Church of England King Mtesa, and issued his famous ap- Zenana Mission; and, in 1881, the peal in the London Daily Telegraph; Christian Endeavor Society began its and, in 1877, he reached the mouth marvelous career, branching out and of the Kongo, after crossing the con- taking new root like a gigantic banyantinent. Since then the work of ex- tree, until it has now overspread the ploration has gone on, till we are be- whole earth. From 1881 to 1885, coming familiar with inland Africa twelve more societies were formed; and China, Japan and Korea, Arabia and 1886 is memorable for another of and even Tibet, and now, at last, even the greatest movements of modern the land of eternal ice has been pene- times, that of the Student Volunteers. trated and the North Pole discovered! To follow these remarkable steps 2. There has been, since 1859, rapid and stages of advance, year by year, progress in missionary organization. The Methodist New Connection, Uni-

would require a volume. It must Japan and Korea; or large districts, suffice to record the amazing fact like Uganda, or populous centers like that, within a half-century after that Cairo and Paris. How important Lodiana letter, we trace the formation some of these movements were,' not of at least eighty-five missionary or- mentioned in detail, is evident from ganizations, large and small, some of the fact that among them were the which now stand out as mountain founding of the Blantyre Mission by peaks in the historic landscape. the Church of Scotland, Coillard's 3. The new missionary occupation work on the Upper Zambesi, and the next claims notice. New countries Presbyterian entrance into Korea by were entered and stations planted. the magic key of medical missions.

For example, in 1859, Japan was en- 4. In the providential administra- tered by the Episcopalians, Reformed tion of affairs may we not trace Dutch and Presbyterians; Brazil by another sign following prayer. The the Presbyterians, and China by the Hearer of Prayer is the governor of Methodist New Connection. In 1860, nations and the ruler of history. The the Baptists also began work in the notable events of this half-century Sunrise Kingdom, and, in 1861, the now under review have some of them Swedish and United Methodist Free been revolutionary, and not only af- Churches in East Africa. In 1862, fected the destiny of nations but the the Universities Mission began in history of missions.

Zanzibar, the Rhenish Society in Su- The remarkable career of Garibaldi matra, and Mary Whately in Egypt. (1860-67) laid the corner-stone of Within three years more, four more Free Italy and broke down the ex- societies had been planted in China, clusive walls of the Vatican. The India and Madagascar, and in 1867 War for the American Union (1861- the Laos Mission of the American 65) knocked the fetters from four Presbyterians began; 186g, which million slaves; the emancipation of completed the first decade, was a the Russian serfs in r861 inaugurated great year of advance-the American a new era in the Empire of the North; Board and Church Missionary Society the cessation of persecution in Mada- in Japan, the Canada Presbyterians in gascar, the same year, closed the Trinidad, the Irish Presbyterians in record of twenty-five years of blood Manchuria, and Clara Swain in India. and fire, horror and terror, and pre- From 1870 to 1872 ten more new oc- pared for the wholesale destruction of cupations took place, prominent among idols eight years later. Brazil, in 1871, them the Canada Presbyterian advance witnessed the end of slavery; and upon Formosa, Gilmour's upon Mon- Stanley's discovery and recovery of golia, and McAIl's daring mission in the great hero of Blantyre, which led Belleville. to his own conversion and opened a Again, brevity compels a resort to new era in African missions. In 1872, a summary. During the half-century the arrival of the Japanese embassy in no less than seventy-five new mis- 'Washington proved another critical sions have been started, counting only and pivotal event in the history not those on a larger scale, as when new only of Japan but of the whole Orient, countries have been entered, like if not the whole world; and that same

A HALF-CENTURY OF PRAYER

year was marked by the organization from 1907; the deposition of Sultan of the first native church in Japan, as Abdul Hamid and of the Persian the year following was by the removal Shah, from 1909. And these are only of the "Edict Board." a part of the events that stud the firmament of this half-century like The Kongo Free State was con- constellations of stars, some of them stituted by the conference of sixteen of the first magnitude. nations in 1885; nine years later, the Chinese-Japanese War was waged, The conventions and conferences of which opened the door to reform in this period merit separate considerathe Middle Kingdom. In 1896, the tion-great gatherings for philanfirst rails were spiked for the Uganda thropic and missionary ends. De- Railway, Africa's new bond of union cennial conferences in India began at and artery of life; in 1898, the Span- Allahabad in 1872, and continued at ish-American War, with its incalcula- Calcutta and Bombay; the Missionary ble outcome of possible good; the Conference in Shanghai in 1890; the same year the capture of Khartum by Student Volunteer rallies since that the British, the completion of the natal year, 1886; the World's Mis- Kongo Railway, and the Uganda re- sionary Conferences at Liverpool, in bellion opened the way to new civil 1860; London in 1888; New York in liberty and gospel victory; and, the 1900; the Peace Conferences at The year later, the British South African Hague, 1899 and 1902; the Y. M. C. War, the completion of the Nile Rail- A. World Conventions, since 1854; way to Khartum, etc. the great assemblies of the Y. P. S. C. E.; of the Evangelical Alliance, the Some events of this half-century W orId's Sunday-school delegations, have been referred to as revolutionary. the Laymen's movement; and, beside Who is sagacious enough to forecast all these, the annual conventions for the results of the Burlingame Treaty Bible Study and the Spiritual Life with China in 1868, the political up- at Mildmay and Keswick in England, heaval in Japan, and the opening of and at Northfield and Winona in the Suez highway to the Orient that America; and the anniversaries of year; of the completion of the Union great societies, and centenary celebra- Pacific Railway, in 1869; the Franco- tions, such as Carey's in 1892, and Prussian War in 1870; the arbitration others now so frequent. of the Alabama dispute in 1872, as of the Venezuela claims in 1899; of the 5. The developments in the line of establishment of the British Protec- education during the half-century are torate over the Fiji group in 1874, another sign following united prayer. over Cyprus in 1878, and over Egypt How significant, for instance, the openin 1882. In 1889, repUblican govern- ing of Robert College at the Golden ment began in Brazil; in 1890, the Horn, in 1863; of the American Girls' first Parliament met in Japan; in 1898, College at Scutari, in 1872; the Kobe the Hawaiian Islands raised the Star- GirJs' College in 1873, and the famous spangled Banner; in 1902, the Hague Doshisha University of Neesima the Tribunal was established; the Lay- next year; the invention of the Moon men's missionary movement began in system for the blind in r840, and the 1906; the Chinese Opium Edict dates Murray alphabet for the blind in 1879;

the work of Dr. Laws, at Livingstonia, pervasive that we hesitate to attempt Verbeck in Japan, Drs. Duff and Mar- either an enumeration or a selec- tin and many others in India and tion. We may, however, mention China; Dr. Post and his fellows in some twenty, particularly con~picuous Syria. The name of these great as the immediate fruits of prayer, teachers in the mission field is legion, since the Lodiana circular-letter was and some of them, less conspicuous, issued: The great blessing bestowed like Miss Fiske in Persia, Miss Agnew on William Duncan's work among the in Ceylon, Miss Pierson in Japan, Tshimshean Indians in his Metla- have left an impress for good that kahtla, from 1859 onward; the great will never be lost, and helped create a revival of 1859 and 1860, especially in native force of teachers and preachers. Britain and America; the arousing of 6. Especially significant, also, are the university students of Britain un- the multiplied translations of the Word der Moody and others, which led to of God since the Lodiana Call to the "China Band"; the awakening in Prayer. Very notable among the ex- North Tinnevelly in 1860; in Egypt isting five hundred translations are the and the Nile Valley, from 1863-70; completed Arabic translation in 1865, in China, specially Hankow, 1863- and the Japanese Bible in 1888, not 88; in the Euphrates district, 1864- to refer to the great achievements of 67, under C. H. Wheeler, etc.; in such as Pilkington in Uganda, Rich- Aniwa under J. G. Paton, 1867-6g; in ards in Banza Manteke, Lindley Southern Tinnevelly, 1871-81; in among the Zulus, and those who, in Japan, 1872-75; in Paris and other the Islands of the Sea and elsewhere, French cities under McAll, 1872- have not only given the Word of God 80; in the Telugu country, 1877-78; in to whole tribes and peoples, but in Formosa, 1877-85, under G. L. Mac- God's book laid the basis of all their kay; in Banza Manteke, under Rich- literature! ards, 1883-90; in Uganda, 1893-98; in 7. What shall be said of great Korea, before our eyes.

moral and spiritual transformations! An A wakening in India The revivals of this period have been specially marked. The appeal of the We give one instance, less familiar, Lodiana brethren was born in a re- perhaps, than many others. The vival era, just begun, which continued spiritual awakening in 1896, in con- for years; the awakening in Mada- nection with the United Presbyterian gascar succeeding the persecution that Mission in the Punjab, was a signal ended in 1871, the moral miracle in answer to prayer and deserves a record the Telugu Mission in 1877-78, when as one of the most remarkable waves 10,000 were baptized in eleven months; of spiritual power that ever swept the awakening in Japan in 1872 and over India.

onward; in Uganda in 1893, and in Three years before the annual meet- our day in Korea. These are only ing of the mission, it was agreed to a few handfuls out of a great harvest. observe every Sabbath evening as a The whole half-century has been one season of special prayer for a new of unprecedented and multiplied spiri- effusion of the Spirit's power,and both tual quickenings, so numerous and so the native brethren in the field and

A HALF-CENTURY OF PRAYER

church at home were appealed to, to for a world's evangelization. When join in these times of supplication. So at the first meeting the question prominent has been the prayer element arose to what object the contribution throughout that there has never been which had been taken should be dea doubt that the blessings that fol- voted, Mr. Ropes, drawing attention lowed were linked inseparably with to a basket of Japanese workmanship such earnest and united entreaty. that chanced to be on the table in the room where this little "monthly con- The work began early in the year cert" was held, suggested that the 1896, and so remarkable was the evangelization of that closed land power attending it, even from the might be the object for which their first, that some feared it would prove gifts should be made. The suggestion only spasmodic; but it continued and was adopted; and tho soon after rather deepened and broadened. The Mr. Ropes left Brookline, a "ladies' first marked manifestation of this sewing society" had grown up in conpower was at the meeting of the nection with this little meeting and Sialkot Presbytery, at Pasrur, March continued, from time to time, to send 24, while in conference on "our work money for this prospective "mission in and its needs," making that confer- Japan" to the American Board-in all ence memorable beyond any other in more than $600. the history of the mission. The whole story is so interesting that it can not When, forty years later, the Board be abridged and we must refer the found the open door to Japan and sent reader to the narrative of Rev. D. S. forth Rev. D. C. Greene, the new mis- Lyte, one of the most remarkable we sion was credited with over four have ever read.* thousand dollars as the sum of these contributions, with interest accrued. One example of prayer in the open- And another remarkable link between ing of closed doors might be cited, as these prayers and the open door in an encouragement to praying souls. Japan is seen in the fact that Mr. When as yet Japan was a hermit na- Greene, this first missionary, was the tion, and the Christianity that was son of a minister who, forty years bebrought thither by the representatives fore, had been one of the little comof the Papacy had been practically ex- pany present at the first meeting held tirpated by persecution-when for two in Mr. Ropes' house in Brookline.* centuries and a half the edict boards against Christianity had been raised Looking back over the half-century everywhere throughout the Sunrise and noting all these developments- Kingdom, and all Europeans were the grand work of missionary explodriven away from the Island Empire ration in the opening up of not only Save as Dutch merchants had a foot- new districts and territories, but whole hold at a trading port on the little continents; the multiplication of misisland of Deshima-William Ropes, sionary organizations until the whole of Boston, about March, 1828, a Chris- church has formed into line, and all tian merchant residing in Brookline, the reserves have been called forth had invited a few friends to meet once into action, men, women, and even the a month at his house to join in prayer * "A History of Christianity in Japan,'· Vol. II, * "Far North in India," pages 242-250. page 73, by Dr. Carey.

young; when we note the missionary means, the appeal for a higher conoccupation of new fields, in a con- secration of person and property, one stantly aggressive forward campaign, supreme need confronts us-the dethe advance in Christian education; mand for united, intelligent, believing then turn to the conspicuous events of prayer. Here is the greater than the half-century, so many of which Archimedes' lever to move the world. are historically turning-points, radical The pivot and fulcrum are supplied, and revolutionary; the conferences at "the point outside" for which he longed horne and abroad that have brought to rest the lever-the promise of an undisciples into closer bonds of mutual changing God. The power is supplied sympathy and cooperation, and pre- wherewith to move the lever-nothpared the way for every form of hu- ing less than omnipotence itself. The man betterment; when, to all these, proof is at hand that God is the living, we add the translations of the Word all-powerful worker, in the moral mirof God, evangelistic activities and ex- acles already wrought. Strange, intensive and multiplied spiritual quick- deed, that the Church of God should enings, which characterize this last need any further incentive to united fifty years, we can not but exclaim, supplication. Here is at once the easiest "Surely, God answers prayer." There and the hardest way to success-easare still signs following united sup- iest because it is by absolute dependplication. ence upon God, content to have His strength perfected in our weakness; A Challenge and for that very reason hardest, be- cause there is nothing to which we We risk successful challenge from are so prone as to trust in ourselves, any quarter of the statement now de- and nothing to which we are so averse liberately made after a half-century of as to hang in absolute helplessness the study of modern missions: upon God's power and grace. We like to act, but we do not like to ask " FROM THE DAY OF PENTECOST, THERE HAS it humors our pride to do something BEEN NOT ONE GREAT SPIRITUAL AWAKENING that looks big; but it is only when IN ANY LAND WHICH HAS NOT BEGUN IN A pride bows in humility, and the "I" UNION OF PRAYER, THO ONLY AMONG TWO OR of self-confidence is inflected into the THREE; NO SUCH OUTWARD, UPWARD MOVE- "me" of simple dependence (Galatians MENT HAS CONTINUED AFTER SUCH PRAYER- 2: 20) that in any work for God the MEETINGS HAVE DECLINED; AND IT IS IN highest achievement is possible. EXACT PROPORTION TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH JOINT AND BELIEVING SUPPLICATION The work of missions is pre- AND INTERCESSION THAT THE WORD OF THE eminently "our Father's business." It LORD IN ANY LAND OR LOCALITY HAS HAD must be transacted under our Father's FREE COURSE AND BEEN GLORIFIED. constant guidance, by His help, His strength, and so for His glory. And This being so, the duty and privilege nothing will bring us and help us in of all who yearn for a world's speedy the right attitude like the habit of beevangelization is transparently clear. lieving prayer, which is the one sure Beside and beyond all other forms of sign that we are "workers together activity, however useful and help- with God." ful, such as the informing of disciples, the supplying of men and BY BELLE M. BRAIN, DETROIT, MICH. Author of "Holding the Ropes," HTransformation of Hawaii," HAn About Japan," etc.

The past year has been crowded So rapidly is missionary work adwith events of unusual importance in vancing in Africa that it will soon the progress of the Kingdom of God, cease to be called the Dark Continent. at home and abroad. Some of these At the recent South African Missionwere distinctively missionary in char- ary Conference, held at Bloemfontein, acter; others were political, yet had seventy-five delegates met, representsuch important relation to the growth ing more than twenty societies, and of the Kingdom that they can not be statistics were presented which showed omitted from a missionary review of that all Africa south of the Zambesi the year. The great national awaken- is practically taken up by various misings of Asiatic peoples, beginning in sionary societies. Dr. MacVicar, of Japan and spreading to China, India, Lovedale, prophesied that within a Turkey and Persia, are resulting in few years at least half of the natives political upheavals which not only pro- would be Christian. But in other foundly affect the history of the world, parts of Africa there remains much' but greatly increase the opportunity land to be possest. It is estimated for aggressive Christian work. The that in the Sudan, a region as large as hand of God is undoubtedly in these the United States, which constitutes new forces that are so strangely mov- the largest unevangelized mission field ing the world. of the world, there are 50,000,000 who have never heard the name of Christ. Sunshine and Shadow in Africa From many parts of this great con- The expedition of ex-President tinent come encouraging reports of Roosevelt has turned all eyes upon progress. In Elat, West Central Africa, for papers and magazines have Africa, and Cape Palmas, Liberia, been flooded with articles on the Dark great awakenings have taken place, Continent. New prominence was and many have been converted. given to missions in East Central Uganda, as usual, has had a success- Africa by the announcement that, be- ful year. The phenomenal growth is fore starting, Colonel Roosevelt had shown by large congregations on the asked for a list of all the American Sabbath, crowded baptismal and conmlSSlOn stations in the territory firmation classes, and gifts larger than through which he expected to pass. ever before. In Egypt, the first con- He promised to inspect their work ference for Moslem converts, held in and showed his sincerity by laying the Zeitoun, near Cairo, was a notable corner-stone of the mission chapel and event. school of the African Inland Mission at Kijabe. The good effects of his In some parts of Africa the work expedition are already felt in the tes- was rendered discouraging by detertimony he has given to the value of mined opposition. In Angola, West missions in Africa. In a recent letter Africa, Roman Catholic neighbors he stated that he was intensely inter- have hindered the Protestant work, ested in all he had seen, including mis- and from all points in German East sionary work, and would have much Africa come disquieting reports of the to tell on his return. encroachments of Islam with its bitter hostility to everything Christian. In currency system is to be developed on Madagascar new outrages have been a modern basis, and for the first time a perpetrated against Protestant mis- census of China's hitherto uncounted sions by the French governor. Many millions is being taken. The army is churches have been closed, permission being drilled in modern methods and to build new ones or repair old ones a new navy has been planned at a cost has been refused, and in districts re- of $roo,ooo,ooo. In Peking watermote from the capital, paganism seems pipes are being laid in the streets, a to have been aided and Christianity new system of sewerage is being indiscouraged. Nevertheless, the mis- stalled, roads are being macadamized sionaries continue in the work, cheered and an American electric company is by the fact that in the face of opposi- equipping the city with an up-to-date tion thousands of Malagasy Christians telephone system at government exremain loyal to the Christ, and new pense. converts continue to be won. N or is the progress in material The forward movement undertaken things alone. It is along social and in behalf of Africa by the Methodist intellectual lines as well. A great Episcopal Church to commemorate the campaign against opium has been inseventy-fifth anniversary of their be- augurated and signs are not wanting ginning there will greatly extend their that Chinese women are coming to already large and prosperous work. their own. Many anti-foot-binding A special anniversary was held in societies have been established, and Washington, D. C, last February, and women's clubs are being formed. the African Diamond Jubilee Commis- Daily, weekly and monthly papers and sion appointed to raise a thank-offer- magazines are multiplying with great ing of $300,000 for the African work rapidity, a new system of public inhas been busy with its task throughout struction is being inaugurated, and the year. schools are springing up all over the empire. The intellectual awakening is New Forces in Old China not confined to any class or section and is said to be the most profound In China, old things are passing and far-reaching the world has known away so rapidly that it seems difficult since the Revival of Learning in to exaggerate the changes that are Europe five centuries ago. taking place. The emperor, through his father, the prince regent, has con- These reforms, however, are not firmed the promise of a constitution being accomplished without opposition. and has set a date for its adoption ten There is a strong reactionary party, years hence. In view of this, orders and China is still in the throes of a conhave been sent to the governors of flict which will either make her a great provinces to give the people instruc- world power with a voice in the tion in self-government. Railroad world's affairs, or sink her once more construction is being pushed with in Oriental lethargy and stagnation. all possible haste to give easy access to Peking by the time the first legisla- To missionary bodies working in ture is convened. Telegraph lines are China the present educational crisis being extended, the postal service is affords an unequaled opportunity for growing by leaps and bounds; the dominating the new intellectual life of the nation. In view of this, special missions in the empire. At the great emphasis is being laid on education. jubilee gathering held in Tokyo in Those societies that have done little October under the auspices of the along this line are opening schools at Evangelical Alliance, an impressive exall their stations; those that have hibit was made of what has already educational plants already in operation been accomplished and of what yet are enlarging them and bettering their remains to be done. Fully half the equipment. Through a great forward speakers were Japanese and the admovement launched in London last dresses were of great interest and year the sum of $500,000 is also to be power. raised for this work. As a result of fifty years' work Churches and schools are reported there are 400 organized churches, full, and many of the students in the more than one-fourth of which are encolleges are offering themselves for tirely self-supporting; between 70,000 the service of Christ. The women, and 80,000 baptized Christians, nearly too, are becoming more and more use- 500 ordained Japanese pastors, and ful in the work. At the Chinese about 100,000 children in the Protes- National Christian Endeavot Conven- tant Sunday-schools; 186 Christian tion in Nanking last May, the quiet- schools of all grades and classes holdhour services were entrusted to Miss ing property valued at $1,5°0,000; and Dora Yii, a modest, unassuming seven Christian publishing houses Chinese girl, who conducted them with issuing 70,000,000 pages a year. The great power. old proscriptions against Christianity have given way to the fullest religious From central and northeastern liberty, the Bible is sold in book- China come wonderful reports of a stores throughout the. country at the great wave of revival, such as was rate of from 200,000 to 300,000 copies never known before in China. This a year. The power and influence of spread from station to station and Christianity is silently permeating and rivaled in power and results the great transforming the nation. Fourteen awakenings in Korea and Manchuria members of the present legislature and the year before. During these meet- a number of other men prominent in ings, which were largely the result of national affairs are Christians. Tho a great evangelistic campaign con- the native religions are by no means ducted by the Rev. Jonathan Goforth dead, they have lost much of their of the Canadian Presbyterian Church, power. The year, on the whole, has men and women were so strongly con- been prosperous, tho a few missionvicted of sin that they publicly confest aries report a backward movement in their wrong-doings with tears-a most their work. The large majority reunusual thing in China, where the port that there is everywhere a great pride and natural reticence of the readiness to hear the Gospel and that people is so great. the number of conversions is steadily increasing. The Year of Jubilee in Japan The anti-Japanese agitation in Cali- The great event of the year in fornia, which early in the year threat- Japan was the celebration of the ened to assume the alarming proporfiftieth anniversary of Protestant tions of two years ago, has subsided, without sufficient compensation, have to the great satisfaction of all lovers resulted in the bitter feeling of resentof peace and of missions. Owing to ment toward the Japanese that found restrictions in the number of pass- such terrible expression in the asports issued at Tokyo, the number of sassination of Prince Ito at Harbin Japanese coming to America during last October. the year was considerably less than the number of those who returned to Notwithstanding the chafing of the J apan-a condition which, according people at the loss of their national to the Japanese ambassador at Wash- power, the great wave of revival which ington, is likely to continue for a few has been sweeping over the land, conyears at least. tinues with unabated power. The mis- sionaries are overwhelmed with work The present attitude of Japan and both men and money are an urgent toward the United States seems to be need. It is a cause for thanksgiving one of extreme friendliness. This was that under the present regime full reevidenced in a delicately courteous ligious liberty is enjoyed and no hinway, characteristic of the Japanese, by drances are placed in the way of the the pilgrimage, last October, of five work. At a recent conference with the members of the Japanese Industrial Japanese, the missionaries received full Commission, then touring the United permission to teach Christianity in the States, to Newport, R. 1., where a mission schools, the officials promising great wreath of laurel was laid on to put the graduates on the same foot- Commodore Perry's grave, and by the ing as those of government schools and congratulatory message of the em- grant them equal privileges. peror to New York City at the time of the Hudson-Fulton celebration, ac- The great missionary event of the companied by an offer of a memorial year was the celebration of the gift of 300 of Japan's famous cherry- quarter-centennial of Protestant mistrees to be planted along Riverside sions in Korea. The union celebration Drive. in Seoul last September was partic- ipated in by all missionary organiza- A Year of Blessing in Korea tions at work in the country, and the dominant notes were praise for what The conclusion of a new convention God hath wrought and prayer that the with Japan whereby the control of the work may continue until Korea bemilitary, banking and judicial systems comes a Christian nation. In August, of the country passed into the hands at the annual meeting of the Northof the Japanese, was an event of im- ern Presbyterian Mission, which was portance in Korea. The country is first in the field, the following results now entirely under the control of the of twenty-five years' work in this one Japanese, who are doing much for its mission were reported: 25,oIO baptized material development, but are leaving Christians, an average of 1,000 for much to be desired in their treatment each of the twenty-five years; nearly of the people. The execution of 100,000 adherents, many of whom are thousands of Koreans in the process of really Christians; 1,000 paid helpers, pacification, the flooding of the country nine-tenths of whom are supported by with Japanese immigrants, and the the Koreans themselves; and a great unjust appropriation of Korean lands

PROGRESS OF THE WORLD IN

army of unpaid helpers who consider that in British rule lies the only hope no sacrifice of time or of money too of peace. Vith the present system of great for winning souls and advancing English military control, there is, the Kingdom of God. probably, little danger of a repetition of the mutiny of 1857, yet the situa- The Korean Church, on fire with tion is serious and the solution of the evangelistic zeal, is aiming at nothing problem difficult. less than the speedy evangelization of the entire nation. With this end in Meanwhile, missionary work goes view, a movement is now on foot to steadily forward, the spirit of unrest put into every Korean home a copy of being at once a hindrance and a help. one of the four Gospels, with tracts The national awakening of the people setting forth the way of salvation. affects the native Christians, and out of it seems to be growing a spirit of The Spirit of Independence in India enterprise which manifests itself in a desire for self-support and self-ex- The spirit of unrest in India con- tension. If wisely directed, this can tinued to be a source of anxiety not fail to be of great value in buildthroughout the year. The conciliatory ing up the native church. measures proposed by Lord Morley, British Secretary of State for India, Tho the revival spirit is not so and Lord Minto, the Viceroy, giving wide-spread as it was a few years the natives some representation in the ago, stirring accounts of great awagovernment, was hailed with joy by kenings have come from many sections. the reformers and was well received by In northern India there were large the Indian National Council in January. accessions in both the Presbyterian But a growing belief that the govern- and Methodist missions, and steady ment favored the Mohammedans and progress was reported in almost every the failure of Lord Morley to repeal field. The World's Christian Enthe partition of Bengal and release the deavor Convention, held in Agra in reform leaders who had been either December, was a notable event and imprisoned or deported without trial, brought thousands of young Indian produced a sullen feeling of discon- Christians in touch with one another tent throughout the empire. The ad- and with a great army of young Chrisvent of bomb-throwing in India, with tians from other parts of the world. its attempt on the lives of Lord and Lady Minto, and the atrocious . A significant sign of the times, inmurder of Sir Curzon Wyllie, po- dicative of the great social changes litical aide-de-camp to Lord Mor- that are taking place, was shown at ley, by an Indian student in Lon- the National Indian Congress at don last summer, seem to point to a Madras last January when delegates wide-spread conspiracy for the over- of every caste and creed sat down tothrow of the British and the estab- gether at a common feast. Had caste lishment of East Indian independence. laws been rigidly enforced, the hun- But the outbreaks during the year be- dreds of high-caste leaders from all tween the Hindus and Mohammedans, over India who participated in the reveal the bitter enmity between these banquet would have been forced two great classes, and make it plain either to lose caste or submit to the most degrading penances. Yet so far

as is known, not a single delegate was those around them. "As for rewards," required to suffer either penalty. says the British consul at Adana, "the people who ought to get them are the The Turmoil in Turkey gallant men and women of the Amer- ican Mission, who worked through The year which opened so aus- the storm, and are still working, re- piciously in Turkey was marked by gardless of their own losses and the revolution at Constantinople, troubles." which ended the long reign of Abdul Hamid II, religious leader of the The reestablishment of the con- 230,000,000 Moslems 'in the world, stitutional government, with the new and by the terrible massacres at Sultan at its head, has, for the present, Adana which cost the lives of two restored tranquillity and order, but American missionaries, a score of the difficulties that confront the Young native pastors and more than 20,000 Turks are so great that no one dare Armenians, including a large number predict what the future will be. With of Protestant Christians. the government still Mohammedan, it is also impossible to predict what the Tho a political outbreak was not effect will be on Christian missions. altogether unexpected by those who The amazing manifesto, recently is- understood the trend of affairs, the sued to the Mohammedans of the revolt of the army on April 12, the world by the Sheik-ul-Islam, with the temporary overthrow of the Young approval of the Ulema, which together Turk ministry, the rally of the Mace- constitute the supreme religious au- donian forces, the brief struggle at thority in Islam, seems to promise full Constantinople, when for the first time religious liberty, but it remains to be in history Moslem fought against seen whether Christian missions will Moslem, the dethronement of the be permitted to enjoy full freedom and Sultan and the accession of his brother Moslem converts to Christianity re- as Mehmed V, came with a sudden- ceive protection of life and property ness for which no one was prepared. under the new regime.

The simultaneous wild outbreak in Rev. James L. Barton, D.D., secre- the district of Adana, 500 miles tary of the American Board, furnishes from Constantinople, sent a thrill of us with the following statement that horror through the world. Not since throws much light on present condi- the Boxer outbreak of 1900 has there tions: • been such a time of anxiety and sus- pense, and rarely before has any Among other things, the manifesto of calamity left such a train of suffering the Sheik-ul-Islam declares that the con- and sorrow in its wake. The response stitutional government is in full harmony to the call for funds was prompt and with the principles of Mohammedanism; generous, and the relief work effective. that true Christians are worshipers of the Yet the need has been by no means true God and will have a place in Para- fully met. The conduct of the mis- dise; that fraternal relationship with sionaries during the whole trying time those not Mohammedan is enjoined by was most heroic. Heedless of their the Koran; that it is the duty of every own peril they sought to stay the havoc Mohammedan government to afford and save the lives and property of equal protection to Christians, Jews and Mohammedans, and that before the law all must be upon the same footing.

PROGRESS OF THE WORLD IN 1909

This introduces a new era of Mohamme- Ispahan by the Bakhtiari tribesmen danism which is in itself revolutionary, of the south, finally frightened the and which, jf accepted by the Moham- Shah into promising to restore the medans of the world, will open a new constitution. But the reformers redoor of approach to their minds. fused to trust him and forced their way into Teheran, on July 13, where, Weare receiving in each mail daily after three days' fighting, they comindications that this is an actual fact in pelled him to abdicate and set his son, Turkey at the present time. Mohamme- Ohmed Mirza, a boy of twelve, upon dan pupils are applying to the schools the Peacock Throne. for admission on equal terms with the Christians; Mohammedan inquirers are With the young Shah a ruler only privately seeking the truths of Christian- in name, and Russia and England his ity, and Mohammedan listeners are in- real regents, the day of a protectorate creasing at public services. The Ameri- over Persia is probably not very far can Board has seven missionary colleges distant. Meanwhile, with the country in Asiatic Turkey. Both Moslems and in a state of bankruptcy and the Con- Christians are bearing testimony to the stitutionalists bitterly opposing the value of these institutions, not only in presence of the Russian troops, who what they have already accomplished, but must, nevertheless, remain until order in what they may yet accomplish in the is restored and the new parliament has reorganization of the new empire, and given proof of its ability to keep the the demand for modern education and peace, the political situation is far the desire for moral instruction is in- from reassuring. creasing. There has never been a time in our eighty-nine years of work in the To the missionaries in Persia, as in Turkish Empire when everything seemed Turkey, the past year has been most to point to so promising a future, and trying. The coming of the Russians call for so marked an advance in every saved Tabriz from the massacre and department of work. pillage that befell Adana, but the mis- sionaries were constantly exposed to The New Regime in Persia danger, and the sorrows and suffering of the people preyed on their sympa- The year which began with tumult thies and called for their help. Notin Persia has closed in comparative withstanding the adverse conditions, peace. As in Turkey, there is a new the missionary work was kept up, and ruler on the throne and a constitu- even during the long siege of Tabriz tional government appears to be it went on as usual, except that evefirmly reestablished, but the country ning meetings were, of necessity, disis not yet in a settled condition. continued. In Teheran six persons united with the church on the first During the first six months, owing Sunday in June, and on July II, when to the abrogation of the constitutio;I the forces of the reformers vvere just by the Shah, a great part of Persia outside the city, the usual Sabbath serwas in a state of insurrection. The vices were held. On the following Constitutionalists held Tabriz for three Sunday, two days after the abdication months against the forces of the Shah, of the Shah, there were sixty in atand here and there throughout the tendance. country were armed bands only lacking opportunity for cooperation to turn the smoldering revolt into a wild tempest of rebellion. The raising of the siege of Tabriz by Russian intervention, together with the capture of

It is too soon to predict the final rule, is struggling toward better effect of this new regime-so much things, as is shown by a renewed independs on the extent of Russia's in- terest in education and attempts at fluence and her attitude toward Protes- practical reform. Yet there can be tant missions. The power of the little real progress while the country Mollahs, the most fanatical class in so largely remains under bondage to the country, has been greatly curtailed, ignorance, superstition and sin. and freedom of speech and of action prevails to a hitherto unknown ex- From the Methodist mission in tent. The intellectual awakening is Ecuador come cheering accounts of a creating an increased desire for edu- revival with more than forty converts. cation, and no sooner was peace re- But here, too, the spirit of intolerance stored than the Mohammedan children was revealed when, incited by the came flocking to the mission schools priests, a mob attacked the church, and and educational institutions of all it was necessary to call on the govkinds are more crowded than ever be- ernor for protection. In the Presbyfore. The greatest immediate need is terian mission in Chili, as a result of a Christian college, adequate in equip- evangelistic meetings held in Valment and with a course of study paraiso, there was a turning to the sufficiently advanced to give fun train- Lord such as has never been known ing to the young men of the land. there before. More than a hundred con fest Christ and were enrolled in The Struggles in South America the catechumen classes.

South America has been described Throughout South America there as a political volcano with as many seems to be a growing revolt against craters as there are states. During the domination of an ignorant and the past year there were at least two corrupt priesthood. 1£ Christian miseruptions and rumors of others. The sions are ever pushed in an adequate revolt of the army in Colombia, during way, the result will probably be one of the absence of the president in Europe, the greatest developments in the hisfollowed the exclusion of Castro from tory of missions. The visit of Mr. Venezuela and put a new man in Robert E. Speer, who spent six power amid serious disturbances months in a missionary tour through there. The violent rejection by Bo- the continent, may do much to arouse livia of the award of the president of the churches of North America to Argentina in his arbitration of the their duty in the matter. Peruvian boundary dispute, threatened to involve these three countries in Uncertain Reforms in Rllssia war, but this calamity has been happily averted. The enactment by the Duma last summer of legislation securing tQ South America continues to be so minors between fourteen and twentypoorly manned by missionaries that it one the right to choose their religion is still the "Neglected Continent." with the consent of their parents, and Yet signs are not wanting of progress to adults both to choose and to in the work. Venezuela, freed from change from one religion to another, Castro's autocratic and disgraceful according to the dictates of conscience, was a promise of progress in Russia. Yet religious liberty in Russia is far liament, and one of the most enlighten- from an accomplished fact. The ed leaders of the Young Turk party, scenes of violence in the Duma during paid an official visit to the chief Jewish the discussion of the bill, and the op- rabbi of Turkey, in the course of position of the conservative papers which he extended to the Jews of Rus- after its passage, shows how intol- sia and Rumania and all countries erant is the spirit of the religious where they suffer disabilities, an in- leaders. So long as the Greek Ortho- vitation to settle in Turkey. At the dox Church continues to be the state same time he promised that all re- church and exercise despotic authority, strictions against Jewish immigration persecution of other creeds will con- would be removed and full citizenship tinue. be granted to every Jew on his ar- Meanwhile, in a quiet, unobtrusive rival in the empire. As the fulfilment way, evangelical Christianity is forcing of this promise would remove the last its way into the empire. Both the obstacle to the settlement of the Jews Methodists and the Baptists have in Palestine, there is, apparently, noth- made a beginning, and in St. Peters- ing to hinder their immediate return.

burg alone there are now twelve The pecuiliar situation is summed up evangelical churches whose pastors by Mr. Ernest Gordon thus: preach to crowded houses. But the We now have these factors: The Jews time has not yet come for a general hated and starved in Russia and Rumania. advance of Protestant missions in The Jews invited to the Turkish Empire Russia. The Young Men's Christian with open arms. The Jews organized Association is a growing power in the throughout the world to purchase Palescountry and the visit of Mr. John R. tine as an "everlasting possession of the Matt made a deep impression on the whole Jewish people." The Jew master students and even on the civil author- of international finance and correspond- ingly influential in international polities.

ities. The Jew apparently unable to colonize elsewhere, the plans for such coloniza- The Zionist Movement of the Jews tion in Uganda, Argentina, Cyrenica, Recent developments in Turkey Mesopotamia, all blighting in the bud. have had an important bearing on the Lastly, a Turkish revolution which de- Zionist movement and the future of stroys all political hindrances to Jewish the Jews. settlement in Palestine.

At a remarkable meeting held in Progress in International Reform London on the IOth of last May, at- One of the most hopeful signs of tended by between 2,000 and 3,000 the age is the increase of interna- Jews, Israel Zangwill and other tional cooperation for the suppression prominent speakers referred to of social evils in the world. The past Mesopotamia, the famous region soon year has witnessed great progress in to be opened up by the Bagdad Rail- efforts of this kind.

way, as the new "Land of Promise" I. The Liquor Trafiic.-The temper- for the Jew. One week later an event ance wave now sweeping so victo- occurred which put a new aspect on riously through the United States is the matter. On May 17, Ahmed Risa not confined to this country, but is Bey, first president of the Turkish Par- part of a great international movement against alcohol. At the twelfth bi- held in the near future at The Hague. ennial meeting of the International 3· White Slavery.-Owing to the Congress on Alcoholism held in London last July, with r,400 delegates, increase in the disgraceful traffic in representing twenty-six governments women known as "White Slavery," and colonial legislatures, the delegates thirteen governments with their colowere, for the first time, appointed by nies entered into an agreement during the governments participating, and the year to wage a united warfare great progress was reported all along against it. Each government agrees the line. Germany, a leader in the to appoint a special officer having the fight, reported eighteen total ab- work in charge, to exchange informastinence societies with 46r members tion with other governments, and keep among the students of her universities; a close inspection of steamer landings Holland has roo,ooo organized tem- and railway stations. perance workers; in Great Britain temperance instruction has been intro- 4. The Kongo Reform.-The conduced into the schools; in Russia half tinuance of the outrages in the Kongo a million people have recently attended Free State, notwithstanding the astemperance lectures and debates; in sumption of control by the Belgian the United States the number of per- Government, called forth renewed efsons living in no-license territory has fort in behalf of the natives there. increased from 6,000,000 to 38,000,000 The governments of the United States in ten years, and the saloon has been and Great Britain refused to recogabolished by law in two-thirds of the nize the Belgian annexation of the total area. State unless satisfactory guarantee was given that the outrages would be 2. The Opium Traffic.-The Inter- supprest; Sir Arthur Conan Doyle national Opium Conference held in took up his pen in behalf of the cause, Shanghai last February, marked an and foregoing pecuniary profit, alimportant step in the war against lowed the "Crime of the Kongo" to be opium. Called by the United States sold to the public for sixpence; a camto assist China in her efforts to free paign of protest was conducted in herself from this obnoxious drug, and England with mass-meetings in every participated in by every nation affected large city; and the Baptist Missionary directly or indirectly by the opium Society held a Kongo exhibit in Lontraffic, the congress accomplished don, one feature of which was a free much along the right lines. Tho rubber stall with a painting, enlarged Great Britain is not yet ready to stop from an actual photograph, of a native the exportation of opium from India, gazing at his dead child which had or allow China to prohibit its importa- been murdered and mutilated because tion, her participation in the congress of his failure to bring in his full tale was a great step in advance. In view of rubber! Nothing, however, did as of the need of further deliberation on much to bring matters to a crisis as the subject, the United States, through the case of the two American misits Department of State, has requested sionaries, Dr. Wm. Morrison and Dr. the participating governments to send W. H. Shepherd, the latter a negro delegates to a second conference to be from rttlanta. These men were com- pelled to leave their work at ,Luebo

and stand trial in the Belgian court at crease glVlllg. A most encouraging Leopoldville, 1,000 miles away, on sign is the increasing cooperation becharges preferred by the notorious tween home and foreign missions- Kassai Rubber Company, of which two branches of one great work which King Leopold himself is chief stock- God has joined but man too often puts helder. The withdrawal of the case asunder. Everyland, the new chilagainst Dr. Morrison and the ac- dren's magazine launched in Decemquittal of Dr. Sheppard in October, ber, covers both the home and foreign closely followed by the announcement field. In two denominations, the Confrom Brussels that the Belgian Gov- gregational and the Baptist, joint camernment is about to undertake ex- paigns were conducted with great suctensive reforms on the Kongo, and cess by all the missionary organizapromises to see that humane treatment tions connected with them, home and is accorded to the natives, gives rise foreign, the object being to wipe out to the hope that the long night of the indebtedness of all. And in the horror is over. national missionary program adopted by the Canadian churches at Toronto The Year in Home Missionary Work last April, equal emphasis was placed on home and foreign work. The need for home missionary work seems to increase year by year. Not The Missionary Uprising in America only winning America for Christ, but keeping America Christian calls for The unparalleled opportunities openstrenuous effort. ing up in all parts of the non-Christian world are being met by a rising tide of Mormonism claims to hold the bal- missionary interest in the home lands. ance of power in five states and is con- The laymen's movement is sweeping ducting an aggressive missionary cam- everything before it. In Canada, the paign throughout this country and great assembly of laymen held at Europe. The religious census com- Toronto last spring the first Napleted last year shows that the great tional Missionary Congress of influx of immigrants from Papal modern times-and the adoption by Europe is dominating the religion of the Canadian churches through their entire states. According to the statis- representatives there of an aggressive tics, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, national missionary program marked a in Puritan New England, are now new era in home effort for the evangel- Roman Catholic. The cities are in- ization of the world. The great camcreasing in popUlation and in sin, and paign of the Laymen's Missionary in the rural districts many of the old- Movement now in progress in the estabiished churches are either dead United States, with missionary convenor dying. In view of these and other tions in seventy-five cities, and a great facts, home missions can only be national congress in Chicago next May, neglected at great peril. is said to be the most carefully planned and extensive educational effort ever The Home Mission Publicity Cam- undertaken by combined Christianity. paign conducted during the first three Great results have already been acmonths of the year by the Home Mis- complished and the tide of enthusiasm sion Council, a federation of all the is rising higher every day. home missionary societies and boards, did much to arouse interest and in-

Inspired by new hope, the Church ing which achieved even greater reis at last moving in a systematic and sults than had been anticipated. Imcomprehensive way to save the world, mediately preceding it was the great and can no longer be accused of play- campaign of Mr. John R. Mott, gening at missions. The various denom- eral secretary of the Federation, inations in the United States and among the students of Great Britain Canada, after carefully going over the and Europe, as a result of which many field, have designated the definite num- students accepted Christ and large ber of non-Christian people in the numbers resolved to devote themselves world for whom they will be responsi- to His service either at home or on the ble, and in order to meet the obliga- foreign field. Everywhere the meettion are preparing for an increase of ings were large and the interest infrom three- to five-fold in workers tense, as was evidenced by the numand gifts. bers who remained whenever a second meeting was announced. Many also Missionary organizations of all sought private interviews with Mr. kinds report their work in a flourish- Mott for the discussion of vital pering condition. The Young People's sonal questions. At Oxford the meet- Missionary Movement put out 150,000 ings were said to be the most largely copies of. study books and three refer- attended of any series of religious ence libraries during the year, besides meetings in the history of the univerfurnishing a large amount of material sity; at London the opening meeting to the editors of Sunday-school period- was held in the Royal Albert Hall, icals for use in connection with the with IO,OOO in attendance; at Cam- Sunday-school lessons. Almost without bridge, the meetings rivaled in power exception, the receipts of the mission Moody's great series that resulted in boards showed a large advance over the sailing of the Cambridge Seven to the previous year, the total increase China in 1887. In the six student aggregating considerably more than centers of Scandinavia the meetings $1,000,000. A new pace was set were largely attended and the interin missionary giving by bequests est ran high. In Christiania, the openof the late John Stewart Kennedy, one ing session was attended by the king, of New York's Christian millionaires, who invited Mr. Mott to a private who bequeathed $3°,000,000 to public audience on the following day. In St. benefactions, and designated nearly Petersburg and Moscow in Russia the one-third to missionary work of differ- largest available halls were .secured, ent kinds. and were crowded at every session, save one. So eager were the students Mis&ionary Conferences for personal help that they followed Mr. Mott on the streets, and went to The number of missionary confer- his lodgings, not only at appointed ences and conventions held during the hours, but at all times of the day. year was larger than ever before, and Vhen he left, they followed him to the they were well attended and full of station and pleaded with him to come enthusiasm. Notable among them was soon again. In Italy, Hungary and the eighth conference of the ';Yorld's Portugal, the meetings were smaller Students' Christian Federation held in Oxford in July-a remarkable gather-

PROGRESS OF THE WORLD IN

than in the great student centers, but Dr. William Ashmore, whose halfwere marked by equal interest and century of work at Swatow had a power. In view of the fact that the profound influence upon the developmission boards are depending more ment of missions in China. and more on the student bodies to furnish recruits for the work, these Dr. William S. Ament, whose minsigns of deep interest in the things of istry during the Boxer troubles Christ are truly encouraging. greatly endeared him to Christians both in the home-land and in China. Another encouraging sign is that the cause of missions, which from time Dr. George E. Post, of the medical immemorial has been the butt of department of the Syrian Protestant everybody's joke, is commanding College, whose medical works won him growing respect as one of the world's honors and decorations in many lands. greatest enterprises. Four presidents of the United States-Harrison, Mc- Dr. Sheldon Jackson, whose work Kinley, Roosevelt and Taft-have for the pioneers of the West, the Morpublicly advocated missionary work, mons, the Indians and the Alaskans, and a great army of British and Amer- gave him first rank among the home ican ambassadors, consuls and gov- missionaries of his 4ay. ernment officials have testified to its value in foreign lands. Daily news- Mr. Egerton R. Young, whose papers give more and more space to thrilling stories of work among the missionary news, and magazines to Indians of the great Canadian Northmissionary articles. The heroine of west have delighted readers of all a recent "best seller" was engaged in ages and won many friends for misforeign missionary work, and a recent drama deals with one phase of SlOns. America's home missionary problem- The noble army of martyrs received the fusing of many alien races into one great united, liberty-loving people. three accessions among the mission- World travelers, newspaper men aries – Daniel Miner Rogers and among them, return home not to sneer Henry Maurer, who were shot at missions and missionaries as in the at Adaan while trying to save old days, but to praise the work and the girls' school; and Homer C. offer criticisms, if they have any, in Baskerville, who fell while leading a a kindly and sympathetic spirit. That sortie out of Tabriz to relieve the all this is a help to missions can not famished city. Tho the latter had be gainsaid; yet it is upon the promises severed his connection with the misof God, not on popular applause, that sion, he was fighting in behalf of a the final triumph of missions rests. sorely opprest people, and few will doubt that he gained a martyr's crown. Notable Deaths of the Year A peculiarly sad death was that of Among the many missionaries that Miss Lilavati Singh, professor of God called home last year were five English literature and philosophy in famous veterans, whose names will the Isabella Thoburn College at Luckever have a place in the history of now, who had come to this country missions: for a graduate course at Radcliffe, and died in Chicago while traveling in the interests of the Women's Foreign Mis- sionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

LAW OF

BY REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, M.A., LONDON, ENGLAND Associate Editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Under the figure of husbandry our we may put into the work. Spiritual Lord teaches us many lessons with re- sowing can not be done according to gard to the sowing of that good seed, rate or rule, for what will germinate "which is the Word of God," from in one soil will die in another, and which we look in faith for a harvest hence this necessity of insuring from of living souls for His glory. It is Him the harvest in advance. clear to all engaged in the work of the Vineyard that there are fixt laws Next, we I1!ust remember that the which determine the character and seed sown must be sown "to the measure of all harvestings. It is well, Spirit" (Gal. 6: 8), for "He that therefore, for those whose supreme soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit desire is for the fullest possible bless- reap life everlasting." The deep siging of God upon their service, to care- nificance of this is, that all our seedfully study these laws as far as they sowing must be done with faith in His are discernible, in order to insure the fructifying power. For what is any longed-for result, which is at once seed taken by itself but an undea manifestation of His power to the veloped possibility, which requires for world, and a contribution to the sum its development the disintegrating and total of His glory. reintegrating power of its proper en- vironment and element? So it is with Remembering that "the seed is the the Word of God. Only by His Spirit Word of God" (Mark 4: 14), we must can its latent possibility be in any defirst recognize that it is to be con- gree realized. ] ust as Ezekiel in the tinually ministered to the sower by the ValIey of Dry Bones must needs Lord Himself (2 Cor. 9: 10). It is "prophesy unto the Spirit," for only one thing to speak and preach that so can the dead be quickened, so must which is but the outcome or echo of we "sow to the Spirit," for only He a past experience, or of an old can produce life by means of the seed knowledge of God's truth, but another which we sow in the world. thing altogether to have a continuous ministry of "seed to the sower," from Further, the spiritual harvest is al- Him who enriches us in everything ways in direct proportion to the spiriunto a bountiful distribution. Noth- tual outlaY-2 Cor. 9: 6 and 7: "He ing is of greater importance than that which soweth sparingly shall reap also we should not fail in this particular. sparingly; and he which soweth It is the first and chiefest duty of bountifully shall reap also bountievery sower to faithfully seek from fully." There are workers, both at Him, day by day, the fulfilment of His home and abroad, who know little promise in a ministry of the seed to of the joy of harvest, because they be sown in just that particular patch know correspondingly little of the of his field into which He has sent commensurate toil of seed-time; for us as laborers. To fail in this secret if we would secure a large measure fellowship with the Lord of the har- of result for God, we must see to it vest is to fail altogether, despite all that we bountifully distribute the seed the experience, energy, or enterprise which He so bountifully ministers to us. That this is necessary is not only alike clear to reason, but is directly of our message and ministry. It must enjoined upon us in the direction of be the Word of God, and only the Word Eccl. I I : 6: "In the morning sow thy which is sown in the hearts of men if seed, and in the evening withhold not the fruit is to be urto everlasting life. thine hand; for thou knowest not Mere speculative philosophy, or human whether shall prosper, either this or wisdom, conjecture and thought about that, or whether they shall be alike God, however beautifully and cleverly good." It is the one who regards the exprest, produce nothing but thorns Gospel not only as a treasure but as a and thistles. The quality as well as trust, and himself not only as a ser- the quantity of the seed is a large devant but as a steward also, and who is termining factor in the looked-for harhence constantly scattering abroad, vest, and it behooves us all to be very who himself increases, and insures a certain in this matter, lest by thus full harvest. sowing our field with "mingled seed" we are making such a real harvest as Again, seed-sowing must be con- would be to the glory of our God imtinuously carried on in the appointed possible. season without regard to seemingly untoward circumstances. "He that Further, it must be remembered that observeth the wind shall not sow; and true seed-sowing is very frequently he that regardeth the clouds shall not carried on "in tears" (Psalm 126: 5). reap" (Eccl. I I : 4) . How often in The sower to-day finds himself in the the experience of most workers has direct succession of the Savior and seed, which was sown in the most un- His earliest followers, by the fellowpromising ground, and with apparently ship. of sufferings in which the work the smallest possible promise, after- involves him, but to such there is a ward proved to have been the most wondrous promise of joyous harvestfruitful of many similar labors. Every ing for "They that sow in tears shall one of us knows the temptation to reap in joy." Who is there among us regard our present surroundings as who does not know the significance of the most difficult and unlikely for sow- these words? Who is there who has ing the gospel seed with any hope of not experienced again and again what harvest, and he who, weighing these it means to be kept at the tas~ of considerations against the express command of his Lord, and against Sowing the seed with an aching heart, the great need of the world, conse- Sowing the seed till the tear-drops start. quently withholds his hand, is losing golden opportunities whose importance Opposition, misunderstanding, isois to be measured mainly by the fact lation, privation, and above all, that they never recur. ungracious reception, often cause the sower's heart to be at break- A very striking and significant Old ing-point, but then it is that he Testament ordinance with regard to is in closest fellowship with his Lord the sowing of the land must be laid and Master, who Himself, the Great to heart in this our work-"Thou shalt Sower, sowed not only His words but not sow thy field with mingled seed" His own life also as "a corn of wheat" (Lev. 19: 19). Its obvious meaning into the earth, with a view to the harfor us is as to the purity and character vest of which we ourselves are a small

part. And this fellowship in the sow- sees in us "of the travail of His soul" ing with tears is but an earnest and will forever compensate for all. Let pledge of that assured fellowship of this be our inspiration, when to conjoy when the sower and reaper re- tinue in the field seems almost imjoice together (John 4: 36). He it possible. Remember that "the joy is who will reap all that we have which was set before Him" and for sown, for to us is often lovingly de- which He "endured the cross despinied the joy of binding the sheaves sing the shame" is likewise set before together for the harvest home. He it us, and is forever our encouraging is who, estimating in the harvest the hope as we go out into the world's faithfulness and cost of the work of field, with the divinely-filled seedthe sower, will reward and repay for basket, scattering seed which shall bear everything which has made the service fruit,. "some thirty-, some sixty-, some hard, and caused those bitter tears an hundred-fold." Meanwhile we may with which often the seed has been "rejoice in hope of the glory of God," b~dewed. The glory of the harvest for we have the assurance that our joy and the satisfaction of Him who "labor is not in vain in the Lord."

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MORAVIAN MISSIONS BY THE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. Secretary of Missions for the Moravian Church in America The foreign mission work of the kening to its responsibilities. Hence Moravian Church has always been it came about that awakened Chris- given a hearty recognition and ap- tians in Great Britain and the Con- proval by the Christian world at large. tinent of Europe who felt the obliga- When the congregation at Herrn- tion to carry out the command of our hut was the only Moravian Church in Savior to preach the Gospel to all the the world, and numbered barely 600 world endeavored to do so through men and women-a large number of the channel of the Moravian Church.

them penniless immigrants from It should be remembered that Mo- Moravia-these people began foreign ravian missions differ from those of missionary work among the negro other denominations in that, from the slaves of the West Indian islands beginning even unto this day, they ( 1732), and since that day this Church have been carried on not by a mishas been carrying on its work in ever sionary society within the Church, but extending fields but with relatively by the whole Church itself as such.

the same inadequate home resources. The Moravians synodically recognize At that time no Protestant Church foreign missions as the wor~ of the was carrying on foreign missions sys- church, as one organic unity through- ~ematically and the missionary enter- out the world. The Mission Board is prise was represented only by sporadic elected by the General Synod of the efforts here and there. Not until six entire Moravian Brotherhood. It con- or seven decades after the beginning sists of five members, one of whom of the work by the Moravians did the . must be a German, one an English- Protestant world show signs of awa- man, one an American, and two

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MORAVIAN MISSIONS

chosen from the Church at large, begun, which ordinarily the Church usually from the mission fields. As would not have dared to undertake. a matter of convenience, certain fields In the course of time many legacies may be administered from the nearest came to Moravian missions with stiphome province, but eventually the cen- ulations that the principal was to be tral international board is responsible funded. These have been accumufor everything and the accounting of lating during a century and a half and all funds is finally made to the central more, so that considerable income is treasury in Herrnhut. Each home now derived from this source. province has its own mission secretary, who serves without special salary Then large donations and bequests and furthers the work in every possi- were received with the condition that ble way, supervises the missions more they must be used specifically for new directly connected with that province, work and in fields which no other collects, disburses and accounts for Church would enter. In faith in the all contributions coming from his Lord these heavy responsibilities were province. assumed, and thus it has come about that while in Europe, Great Britain The absence of other foreign mis- and America there are only 201 Mosion agencies in the Protestant Church ravian congregations all told, includuring the eighteenth and earlier dec- ding even filial charges, which have adGs of the nineteenth century led no pastors of their own, in the foreign many earnest Christians on the con- field there are 272 stations and outtinent of Europe and in Great Britain stations and 744 preaching-places scatto do their share of this work through tered over fourteen different mission the agency of the Moravian Church. provinces; and while there is a total Thus, for example, in 1817 there was home membership of only 43,127, organized in England the London So- there is a foreign mission memberciety in Aid of Moravian Missions, ship of 102,381. which continues its beneficent work to this day, composed altogether of non- Now comes the critical change in Moravians, and devoting all its income the entire situation. At the present to Moravian missions. day every Protestant land teems with missionary societies and boards of Gifts to Moravian Missions every conceivable description, and none rejoice more than the Moravians The consequence of this historical at this great missionary awakening of development was, that in course of the Protestant Christian world; but time the Moravian Mission Board de- while the old supporters of Moravian rived a far larger income from sources missions remain loyal, as these pass outside of the church than from its away, it seems impossible to supply own church-membership, a condition their places. It has been necessary which exists to the present day. The for Moravians to depend more and Moravian Church has ever furnished more upon their own resources, but the missionaries, but a large part of these are inadequate for the extended the support has come from without work which has been so widely dethe Church. veloped.

Under the pressure of this kind of It appears that the Moravian support, mission after mission was

Church can no longer bear the burden. Mission, 324 per cent.; in the Nic- In 1907 the deficit was, in round num- araguan Mission, 47 per cent.; and bers, $64,000; in 1908, $72,000; and the number of ordained native minis- the present outlook is that the deficit ters increased almost 50 per cent. The of 1909 will be equally large. This Church prays that the fulness of the does not mean that the deficit of 1908 Gentiles may be gathered in; the includes the deficit of 1907, but in each prayer is being answered, the heathen case the figures represent an entirely are corning in, and alas! the Church new deficit in that particular year's is overwhelmed by the answer to its accounts. By strenuous efforts the own prayers.

combined deficits of 1907 and 1908, The second great cause for these $I36,000, have been reduced to about deficits lies in political and industrial $60,00:), but the new deficit keeps disturbances. It was confidently ex- piling up. When it is remembered pected that the West Indian missions that in order to avoid financial ruin would be self-supporting and in- the annual budget must be made up dependent by 1899, or surely by I909, in full and the deficit met in addition, but the industrial conditions caused and that there are only 43,0:):) men, by United States tariffs, as weII as by women and children all told in Europe, natural calamities, earthquakes, hurri- Great Britain and America to do it, canes, floods, and other uncontrollable then the apparent impossibility of the forces, have thrown the work back- task stands clearly revealed. ward. The Nicaraguan Mission on This is the more deplorable, be- the Mosquito Coast was fast approach- cause never in the history of the ing self-support when Nicaragua Church have the prospects for ex- seized the reserve in I 894, and since pansion been so bright; never have so then has carried on a systematic Illany tempting fields been open, never course of persecution, which has has the cry been so insistent to go doubled and quadrupled the cost of forward. To cut off dead or mortify- this mission. It was one of the most ing members is a proper surgical flourishing fields of the Church, and operation, but to cut off healthy, liv- no other church is working among ing members is a terrible thing. these creoles and Indians. The work These deficits, which are crushing in South Africa was practically self- the life out of Moravian missions, are . supporting. Then came the Boer not caused by less liberal giving but Tar, the rinderpest, etc., and now by causes, in addition to those out- this field is a heavy drain on the lined above, utterly beyond the con- Church. Labrador was entirely self- trol of any mission board. supporting, but now trade conditions The first of these is natural growth. have changed, and this field has added Most of the fields worked by the Mo- $10,000 to the annual budget. And ravian Church are occupied by no so on.

other board, and there is tremendous The third and most serious element pressure to go forward and possess in the situation is the one already em- the land. In the last decade the mem- phasized: the disproportion of the bership in the Himalayan Mission in- home membership to the work in the creased 88 per cent.; in the Nyasa foreign field. This has been recognized

PRESENT CRISIS IN MORAVIAN MISSIONS

as coming to be a terribly tragic mat- with figures, but with human souls, ter long ago. At the last General which have been purchased by the Synod the historic field of Greenland, blood of the Lord Jesus Christ, and which had been in the care of the which have been rescued from the Church since 1733 and which gript degradation of heathenism as the rethe very heart of the Church, was ward of His sufferings. none the less turned over to the Danish State Lutheran Church. The As a consequence of· its historical transfer was accomplished in the most development, the Moravian Church in fraternal manner imaginable. The most places is working where no other remnant of the historic work among board has gone. Hence, thus far all the Indians in Canada was transferred efforts to secure a society or board to the Methodist Church of Canada. willing to take over any of these Mo- The home membership woke up to the ravian fields have failed. To withnecessity of making additional efforts. draw without turning the field over In the decade 1898-1908, the gifts of to another board, means delivering the members of the continental these people back to the gloom and province of the Church increased 41 despair of heathenism, after the beper cent.; in Great Britain, 58 per ginning has been made at the excent.; in the American province, penditure of untold sacrifice. To con- North, 143 per cent.; in the American tinue means to plunge the entire work province, South, 237 per cent. But into bankruptcy. Surely the Moravian in spite of all these efforts, because of Mission Board is face to face with a the conditions enumerated, the deficits terrible crisis. have continued to roll up. This retrenchment is like killing the Vhen, therefore, the General Synod children you have borne and nursed of I909 met, it was realized that and reared. It is stopping natural radical steps must be taken to save growth. It is hurling the people back the mission work of the Church from into heathenism. complete bankruptcy. It was accordingly ordered, that the Mission In America there has never been Board must introduce retrenchments, any such organized support of Mowhich would bring about a reduction ravian Missions by non-Moravians as of the annual budget by about $50,000. on the continent of Europe, in Great It is very easy to write those words; Britain, and latterly in Australia. but it is reported that when the reso- There have been highly appreciated lution was finally passed, strong men contributions from American Chrisbroke down and wept. tians, but they have not played any great role in the missions of the Mo- It is also comparatively easy to issue ravian Church. This is not surprizing. such instructions to a mission board, Every American miSSion board but when it comes to carrying them naturally seeks to gain all the conout the problem becomes frightfully tributors for its own causes from its difficult. The board is dealing not own natural constituency.

MISSIONARY PATHFINDER OF

A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF REV. EGERTON R. YOUNG BY MISS LILLY RYDER GRACEY, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

The stories of the journeys and ad- cessful pastorate and a people who ventures of Rev. Egerton R. Young offered them love and every inducein the land of the Cree and Salteaux ment to remain among them and Indians of Canada never failed to journeyed for two months and a half charm an audience. His mode of to Norway House, their destination. living and his unique experiences among these redmen and the tales that On their arrival, Indians who had showed his intimate knowledge of become Christians through the prestheir habits and traditions would in- ence of other missionaries in their terest any listener. Dr. Young went country, crowded to see them, even among these crude people when they some pagan Indians dressing in their were untamed savages, but he recog- wild, picturesque costumes and going nized their stalwart characters and to greet and give a friendly welcome higher possibilities. He saw them to the newcomers. Dr. Young's field exchange savage rites for Christian enlarged until it extended north and worship and subdue their primitive south over five hundred miles, and in passions to conform to the teachings some directions was over three hunof Christ. dred miles wide. Indian camps and villages were visited in summer by This missionary pioneer and path- canoe and in winter with dog-trains. finder was as daring and dauntless as As his missions increased there were the people whom he went to serve. some so remote that he could go to In the spring of 1868, he and Mrs. them but twice a year, and the hard- Young made their first adventurous ships and deprivations endured on journey to the Northland. Leaving these journeys were very like those cars and steamboats behind them, they experienced by searchers for the North used horses and canvas-covered Pole. In winter he was obliged to wagons. At night they encamped sleep in holes dug in the snow with on the prairies, forded bridgeless temperature from thirty to sixty destreams, some of which took the party grees below zero. His companions three and four days to cross. Over were Indian runners and the twenty or routes where parlor-cars now carry more St. Bernard and Newfoundland travelers in luxurious comfort. this dogs that were used to draw his train caravan went in tedious marches, often of sleds. Without them the missiontaking off shoes and stockings as they ary expeditions could not have been bravely waded through wide streams. undertaken and, like Grenfell of Many days they traveled in frail Labrador, Dr. Young gave public canoes, manned by Indians, carrying tribute to the marvelous intelligence with them oxen whose bodies ex- and human instincts of these noble tended over the sides of the little animals. To their sagacity he more crafts. At night they went ashore than once owed his life. Miles of with their tents. They had left a field portages were made on these trips with where Dr. Young had enjoyed a suc- the camping outfit and canoes. Faces and feet were often bruised and the wondrous auroras, which Dr. bleeding from icy branches and ice- Young described as "dwarfing into inpinnacled paths. Attacks of illness significance man's mightiest pyrofrequently made these longer journeys technic displays."

EGE'RTON R. YOUNG Many of his guides and dog-drivers were Indians who had become Chrisadditionally wearisome and dangerous. tians and had the spirit of evangelists. Cold sweats would sometimes drench To some of these he paid the followthe blankets, which would then freeze ing fitting tribute: "Up the shining and become as stiff as leather. The trail, following the unerring Guide, faithful dogs cuddled at his side to they have gone beyond the auroras and furnish warmth, and when this ex- beyond the stars right to the throne pedient failed the Indians would build of God." a fire in the snow while the missionary undrest to his skin that he might As he journeyed over his vast terdry his clothes and warm his body be- ritory he met the Indians at their fore the roaring flames. More than council-fires, and asked their views of once typhoid-fever and other ills fol- God and inquired as to their willinglowed in the wake of these perilous ness to give up paganism for Chris- Journeys. tianity, and to send their children to school. Invariably, the pipe of peace Sometimes he traveled long di s- would be lit, and after the chief had tances to the north, where the sun and puffed at it, would be handed Dr. snow became so bright by day that he Young. Then the plans for chapel or was forced to travel by night. At sun- school would be discust and the work down he would break camp and both would be started. missionary and runners would speed along by starlight, stopping only at Sometimes the missionary was summidnight to cook and eat their frugal dinner. Often they were guided by MRS. EGJ::RTON R. YOU NG moned across great lakes to act as diplomat and representative of the English Government. Tact and ready wit were needed to answer the ques-

tionings as to why the steamboats build small houses for the sake of were rushing through their waters and tidiness and cleanliness. Fields were destroying their fisheries; or why the plowed, with clogs harnessed to imwhite hunters with guns and steel- provised plows and makeshift hartraps were killing off their game, and rows. The first crop of wheat was the surveyors driving stakes into their winnowed by the aid of Mrs. Young, ground. The Indians looked to Dr. who sewed sheets together to hold the Young to protect their treaty rights. grain as the wind blew away the chaff. He was an apt reader of Indian char- From such practical lessons as these acter, and felt deep human sympathy the Indians learned to help themwhich gave him a far-reaching in- selves. fluence and made his efforts among the different tribes have the effect of The Indian women became amtransforming the lives of those with bitious to keep house like "Ookemaswhom he came in contact. Wild and quas," as they called Mrs. Young. At savage Indians under his ministra- Sunday services the announcement tions and teachings became conse- was sometimes made that the miscrated Christians and aggressive sionary and his wife would take dinworkers among their own people. ner on stated clays with members of ~Where he had seen idols worshiped the congregation. At such times inamid horrid orgies, and had heard the teresting demonstrations would be yells, rattles and drums of old con- made in domestic science. On such jurers and medicine-men, he saw occasions Mrs. Young, who had her chapels erected and Indians as pastors own train of dogs, would precede her over flocks. In solitary wigwams and husband to the Indian home and take lonely hunting-camps the Christian with her a table-cloth, dishes and some Indians took such comfort in the provisions. The wife would receive a Bible ~ that nothing would have in- lesson in housekeeping and dinner duced them to leave it out of their would be served picnic style, for there packs. were, of course, no tables or other furniture. Among the practical evidences of the thoroughness and genuineness of Many miles a day were covered by changes wrought was the improve- the indefatigable Dr. Young and his ment in the family life. The sad no less energetic wife, as they visited sights common among degraded sav- the sick and sorrowing among their ages, such as the ill-treatment of different bands. Besides the heroic mothers, wives and sisters and the endurance of exile from civilization aged, gave place to the kindly ways and their primitive mode of living and happy homes that characterized among a wild people, they were the life of the transformed Indians. obliged to endure the hardship of 'Woman was uplifted from the de- being cut off from communication with graded place she held in all the tribes the rest of the world by post, except and was given a Christian position in twice the year. The routine of daily the home. One of the material life included the tiresome and even changes was effected by persuading nauseating diet of fish three times a the people to abolish wigwams and to day. This was only varied by the capricious luck of the hunter who

I9IO] THE MISSIONARY PATHFINDER OF CANADA

might chance to bring in venison or Young gave her Bible lessons, and some other game. The catch of fish marked a sheet of foolscap paper to for the year was necessarily enormous. make a calendar by which she could For their own family use and that of distinguish the Sundays, explaining to their dogs ten thousand fish must be her the sanctity of the Lord's day. As caught before winter set in. These she left the mission and pushed out in were piled up in November to be kept her canoe her last importunate request frozen until April. was that soon the missionary would visit her and her people in their own The success that rewarded the Jand. To her pleadings he replied: labors of these two workers for their "When the eagle moon is filling out, years of self-denial and hardships listen for the ringing of the misseems almost incredible. A people who sionary's sleigh-bells, for then will he were pagans, with superstitious beliefs be coming to see you and your people and debasing habits, became so with his dog train and guide." A few changed that they would come many months later the promise was fulfilled, miles over ice and snow to Christian by a night after night journey of two service, and between two and three weeks, over ledges of ice that overhundred at a time were often present hung the rapid waters of a great on a communion season. The little rIver. places of worship were erected in spite of tremendous difficulties. Men were The importunings of the people are employed all winter to cut down trees, also seen in another incident told with square the logs, saw the timber into eloquence and pathos by Dr. Young boards, make rafts, and then when in the following dialog: spring came to float them down the river to the spot selected for the mis- "Missionary," said a savage, stalsion village. Here every board was wart-looking Indian to him, "gray cut and prepared by hand. Parents hairs here, and grandchildren in the sometimes brought their little ones as wigwam, tell me that I am getting to much as two hundred miles to have be an old man; and yet I n'ever before them christened. The fame of Dr. heard such things as you have told Young and his teachings spread until LtS to-day. I am so glad I did not many individuals and sometimes die before I heard this wonderful whole bands of Indians sought him story. Yet I am getting old. Gray out to learn of the "Great Spirit" hairs here, and grandchildren yonder, about whom he told. One chieftainess tell the story. Stay as long as you can, who, with several of her followers, missionary; tell us much of these one summer came unheralded to visit things; and when you have to go the missionary and his wife, traveled away, come back soon." from her home several days' journey. She had heard from some fur-hunters "He turned as tho he would go about the missionary coming to live back to his place and sit down," said among the Indians and determined to Dr. Young in narrating the story, "but hear for herself. She prolonged her he only went a step or two ere he stay at the missionary's home two turned round and said: weeks, during which time Dr. and Mrs. " 'Missionary, may I say more?' "'Talk on,' I replied; 'I am here now to listen.'

"'You said just now,"Notawenan" people could hardly restrain their ex- (Our Father).' pressions of delight.

"'Yes, I did say, "Our Father.'" "The old man, however, had not yet "'That is very new and sweet to finished, and so, quietly restraining the us,' he replied. 'We never thought most demonstrative ones, he again of the Great Spirit as Father. We turned and said: heard Him in the thunder, and saw " 'May I say more?'

Him in the lightning and tempest and "'Yes, sayan; say all that is III blizzard, and we were afraid. So, your heart.'

when you tell us of the Great Spirit as "Then came his last question, which Father-that is very beautiful to us.' millions of weary souls dissatisfied "Hesitating a moment, he stood with their false regimes are asking: there, a wild, picturesque Indian; yet "'Missionary, I do not want to be my heart had strangely gone out in rude, but why has my white brother loving interest and sympathy to him. been so long time in coming with that Lifting up his eyes to mine again, he Great Book and its wonderful story?' "

said: Returning home after some years " 'May I say more?' . of labor, Dr. Young won fame as a "'Yes,' I answered; 'sayan.' lecturer and author. His inexhaustible "'You say, "Notawenan" (Our fund of information, ready wit, fine Father) ; He is your Father?' presence and an eloquent style, caused "'Yes, He is my Father.' him to be in great demand as a lec- "Then he said, while his eyes and turer in the United States, Canada, voice yearned for the answer: Great Britain and Australia. The " 'Does it mean He is my Father- late Grover Cleveland, after listening poor Indian's Father?' to one of his lectures on his thrilling " 'Yes, oh yes!' I exclaimed, 'He is missionary life, exclaimed that he your Father, too.' could listen to him for hours, and later "'Your Father-missionary's Fa- asked the missionary to be his guest ther-and Indian's Father, too?' he at the White House. Sir Charles repeated. Tupper stated on one occasion that Dr.

" 'Yes, that is true.' Young was Canada's best immigra- " 'Then we are brothers l' he almost tion agent.

shouted out. Dr. Young was the author of many " 'Yes, we are brothers,' I replied. books. Among them, "By Canoe and "The excitement in the audience Dog Train Among the Cree and Sal- had become something wonderful, and teaux Indians," "Stories from Indian when the conversation with the old Vigwams and Northern Camp Fires,"

man had reached this point, and in "On the Indian Trail," "Children of such an unexpected and yet dramatic the Forest," "The Apostle to the manner had so clearly brought out, North," "Algonquin Indian Tales,"

not only the Fatherhood of God, but "My Dogs in the Northland," and the oneness of the human family, the "The Boys in the Wild North Land."

MARTYRS OF OSMANlYE AND SAGH

BY STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER TROWBRIDGE, AINTAB, TURKEY When the disturbances broke out in they set out upon the Adana road on Adana on April 14, twenty-one minis- the morning of April IS. In the after- ters of the Protestant churches of Cen- noon they were overtaken by a Chris- tral Turkey were on their way to the tian messenger, who warned them that annual meeting of the mission. These pastors and preachers had been chosen after much thought and consultation as representative Christian leaders who should come together for the ten days' devotional and business meet- ings. They were approaching Adana by two main caravan roads, one from the district of Hadjin, in the Taurus Mountains to the north, and the other from the cities of Aintab and Ouda on the east. The massacre commenced in all the towns and villages of the province and out upon the highway simultaneously with the attack by the Turkish mob in Adana. Nothing could be dearer than that a cruel plot had been made by the Turks, and with remarkable stealth and precision had been enjoined upon the entire Mo- PROF. SARKIS LEVONIAN hammedan population of the province. Not one of the pastors escaped. One of the martyrs of ATmenia The circumstances of their death as . there was danger of an attack by the well as the character of their lives are Moslems. It was too late in the day sufficient proof that they were slain, to return to Kozan, so they asked for not because the Turks felt racial or hospitality and protection at the political animosity, but because these mudir's house in the Circassian village heroic and peace-loving men were fol- of Sagh Gechid. The mudir in a Mos- lowers of Christ. In the hour of lem village is at the same time the threatening and peril they did not village chief and the government mag- deny His name; they did not surren- istrate. This mudir agreed to receive der themselves to become followers of the travelers as his guests, which, in Mohammed. So they paid the cost by the Orient, means the most sacred their lives, and were added to the pledge of life and property. A similar goodly company of men and women promise of protection was made by who have suffered martyrdom for the Haji Bey, another prominent Turk.

Savior. But the next day, at three o'clock in The Hadjin party was made up of the afternoon, these Christian guests seven pastors, four women and two were dragged out into the courtyard.

lay delegates. After spending vVed- The Turks first robbed them of their nesday night in the town of Kazan, goods, and then took them one by one

and cut their throats. After this they On Wednesday, the 14th, Rev. H. put to death in the same way the sev- Koundakjian (Hassan Beyli Church), enty-eight Armenian inhabitants of Rev. S. Hovhannessian (Kharne), the village, who, for years, had lived Takvor Khoja (Baghche), and Rev. as neighbors side by side with the Cir- G. Kupelian (Osmaniye) were killed cassians. The women and children hy Mohammedans as they were riding shared the same cruel death. Finally, along the road toward Adana. They the dead and wounded were piled to- were on the highway a few hours west gether into carts, were carried out to of Osmaniye. That night the caravan the edge of a deep ravine and were bringing the delegates from the eastthrown down the bank. All the ern part of the field, reached the town wounded except two died. One of of Osmaniye, and spent the night in these was the wife of Pastor Asdoor, the courtyard of the village church. of Fekke, who was killed. She was As yet there was no disturbance in severely wounded, but saved her life the town, tho alarming messages were by pretending to be dead, even tho the brought in at night. In the morning Moslems tore the earrings from her the Moslem mob surrounded the ears and stabbed her again and again. church shooting into the windows, and vVith wonderful courage she lay per- the following pastors, together with fectly still, and when all the mob had many friends and delegates, were gone away, she, together with a man forced to take refuge in the basement from Hadjin, crawled out from un- of the building in a low room with derneath the heap of dead bodies. vaulted roof: Working their way through the fields far from the road, they reached Kazan Giragos Zhamgotsian, Severek. the next day and told the dreadful Setrak Ekmekjian, First Church, Ourfa. news. The names of the pastors and their churches are as follows: Jurgis Shammas, Syrian Protestant, Istilion Arslanides, First Church, Had- Ourfa. jin. Zakariah Bedrossian, Garmouch. N erses Kouyoumjian, Adiaman. Levon Soghomonian, Second Church, Nazaret Heghinian, Third Church, Hadjin. Marash. Asdoor Topalian, Fekke. Ardashes Boyajian, Shar. Among the delegates was Prof. Melidon Malyan, Kozan. Sarkis Levonian of Central Turkey Samuel Bedrossian, Kara Keoy. College. The mob set fire to the Abraham Seferian (lay preacher), church and as the flames grew fiercer Yere Bakan. and the smoke filled the basement, Constantin Siyahian, Kars. Mary, the teacher of the School for the Blind in Ourfa, ran out from' the One of the women who suffered church and plead for her life. She death was house-mother in the mis- was carried off to the government sionary orphanage in Hadjin. An- house and afterward made her way to other was one of the foremost mem- Adana. But the heartless mob closed bers in the Kozan church, known in ur!on the men in the basement of throughout the community "for her the church, shooting any who apkindness of heart and her pure and peared at the entrance. The last holy life." sound which was heard from the little

THE MARTYRS OF OSMANIYE AND SAGH GECHID

company before the walls and roof ural scientific instincts, but rather his fell in was a prayer offered by the large-hearted and large-minded manwhite-haired and saintly pastor Gi- hood which drew the students to him, ragos. He reached out his hands in and which commanded the respect and blessing to his comrades and in appeal affection of his associates. As an to God. This scene was described by evangelist, he had that rare spiritual Mary of Ouria, the only one of the power which filled the congregation caravan who escaped. Two pastors with the immediate message and presjourneying from the Marash field and ence of Christ. His vacations were the pastors of the Hamiedie and AI- waited for by the churches that they bustan churches suffered in like man- might secure him to preach on weekner at the hands of the Turks. day nights to the crowds of common people. His penetration and good It is difficult to describe in terms of sense in counseling the impetuous Arsufficient for~ and earnestness the menian students in college frequently lives of these men. They lived with transformed their foolish nationalism an apostolic simplicity, and yet they into a sincere and thoughtful patriotwere far from being monastic; they ism. He was indeed a man of remarkloved all men with the deep friendship able gifts and of a most iovable which they learned from daily fellow- disposition. The educated and proship with their Master; they were gressive Turks in Aintab were much courageous and faithful at their posts attached to him. amid frequent persecution and under the stress of poverty. They had had The life of Pastor Ha:gop of Has- "trial of mockings and scourgings, yea, san Beyli, would be well worth remoreover of bonds and impl;ison- cording in full. He was a mountainment." They were cheerful and hope- eer from childhood and understood ful-traits rarely found in the Ar- and loved the homely habits of the menian nature. They were known villagers. For thirty years he served everywhere for their integrity and for in that parish, always ready to go over thoughtful kindness to the poor. Dur- the mountains to the lonely hamlets, ing eleven years spent in America, I where no other messenger of the gosnever found a group of Christian pas- pel ever went. He taught the people tors who were so thoroughly conse- to build their "homes of stone in the crated to the great work of saving midst of gardens and orchards instead men. In a country where constitution- of in crowded blocks of mud dwellal government is not yet com- ings. His sons are now doing eminent prehended and is desired by the more service in the ministry and in mediintelligent only, these pastors had been cine in other parts of Central Turkey.. for a lifetime putting into practise But two days after the mob slew the the principles of brotherhood and de- pastor, they came with hue and cry mocracy which are inherent to the upon Hassan Beyli itself, scattered the true Christian Church. villagers into the clefts of the moun- tains, sacked and burned the houses Professor Sarkis Levonian was, in and destroyed the church. Not being many senses, a leader in the college at satiated with this, they followed the Aintab. It was not simply his educa- fugitives relentlessly and put many of tion in the United States, nor his nat-

them to death in the most barbarous several Moslem inquirers were commanner. ing to talk with them about the life and message of the Messiah. All of The pastors from Garmouch and these pastors were by word and deed Adiaman had been recently ordained. loyal and obedient to the Ottoman In November, 1908, I made the jour- Government. ney to these churches for the services of ordination. The chairman of our How shall we interpret the loss of committee was the veteran of this such good men? Is it true, as many field, Pastor Giragos, who was among of the Armenians feel in their disthe slain at Osmaniye. I shall never tress, that God has forsaken His peoforget the tender and earnest charge pie? Or may we believe, as others aswhich he gave to the Adiaman congre- sert, that God is purging His church? gation. His face was radiant with Do· not these losses mean much more cheerfulness as he exprest his wish than that? As I reflect upon the moral that the new pastor might enjoy the caliber and the high ideals of these favor and loyalty of his people. His men, my conviction grows stronger and benediction at the close of the service stronger that these sacrifices are the left the congregation hushed with a price which must be paid for the sursense of peacefulness and mercy. vival of the Christian faith in the very midst of the Mohammedan world. Everyone of the churches which The fury of the attack upon the Osthese men s'erved had come forward maniye church was not primarily due steadily toward self-support. Ouda to the lust of plunder. What goods First Church had, some years ago, or wealth had these village pastors reached that point. The Ouda Syrian that. the mob might covet? The mocongregation twenty years ago was a tive was not one of political or racial little handful of people whose preacher bigotry or suspicion. Where, in the was engaged and paid by the mission- empire, could you find more loyal and aries. Now the church has come for- more friendly citizens? It was an atward into self-government and has re- tack on the Christian religion. These cently experienced two deep move- martyrs will take their places along ments of spiritual awakening. Last with those Christians of Uganda and winter the people began to give thank of China who laid down their lives offerings in order to prepare for the rather than deny their Lord and Masenlargement of the church building. ter. Ours is that solemn joy of which Abraham Lincoln wrote to a mother Some of these pastors who were whose five sons had been slain upon killed at Osmaniye were deeply inter- the battle-field in the Civil War-that ested in the extension of the Gospel solemn joy "to have laid so costly a among the Moslems. Patient and fre- sacrifice on the altar of freedom." quent efforts to influence Turks had Their blood has not been shed in vain. been made, especially by Pastors Giragas and Shammas, with the result that

SEATED OVER TRENCH FOR THE SACRIFICIAL

PURIFICATION BY BLOOD IN WEST AFRICA BY REV, WM. M. DAGER, ELAT, KAMERUN, WEST AFRICA The people of West Africa believe stituted plantain leaves for their ordithat sickness is due to some occult nary garments. cause, so they make "medicine" in each particular case to find and remove As I came into town the men were the cause of the sickness. On a re- having a "palaver" and seemed rather cent trip to Metet I passed through disconcerted to have a white man ara town where they were making "So" rive just at that time. Some went off medicine to cure a man who had been and conferred together, but soon came ailing for several months. It was mid- back and began to distribute the food. day and the emaciated sick man was I told them that I was not a physician, reclining against a rest made from a but I would like to speak with them forked branch of a tree. He was hold- when they had finished. After the ing a plantain leaf over his head as a noonday meal was over, the men proprotection from the heat of the sun ceeded with their ceremony. The sick and in front of him was a narrow man was seated at the head of the trench about six inches wide, six trench and the women sat on plantain inches deep, and forty feet long. The stocks placed over the trench. They ground sloped gently toward the head were so close that they had to sit of the trench where there were two spoon fashion. Thirty-nine women earthen pots of "medicine," one hold- and the sick man had each one foot of ing about a gallon and the other three space. In the liRe were two mothers gallons. Near by were ten or twelve with infants in their arms and about baskets full of food prepared for a half-dozen girls, the others being those gathered for the ceremony. The mature women. All were wives and women were at one side and had sub- were going through the ordeal be- cause their husbands had so com-

manded them. The women wele sus- the "So" society. She confest that pected by their husbands of having she had murdered and put a slave in done something which might have the grave. The slave was an initiated been the cause of the sickness. member of the "So" society, and this When the women were all seatea, was supposed to be the cause of the the medicine-man took a segment of affliction. After e,ach confession, the two vines which had twined themselves medicine man chanted a half-dozen about each other, symbolical of the meaningless, cabalistic phrases.

way the evil spell had wound itself Then they brought a kid and held about the sick man. The pieces @f it directly over the head of the sick vine were about a yard and a half man while they cut its throat and let long, and after separating them, as a the blood spurt all over him. They sign of the disengaging of the spell then passed up and down the line, let- from the victim, the medicine-man ting the blood come on the _heads of gave two ends to an assistant while everyone of the women, some of he himself retained the other ends. whom seemed to feel the need of They were then rubbed back and forth cleansing, for they wanted to have the while a weird incantation was recited. blood come upon them. Some shrank This mysterious observance has a away as the warm blood spurted out, strong hold upon the people, and they but when they came to the woman who dread doing anything that may bring had murdered her slave, she turned calamity to others and involve possible her face upward to receive the full discovery and punishment to them- benefit of it. The men paused and selves. passed on only when her face and Soon a dozen of the women and shoulders were covered with blood.

the man himself made confession of What a revelation of the workings of violation of some of the prohibitions conscience! What a groping in the put upon the people by the fraternity darkness for some ray of hope!

called "So." Next they took the large pot of Most of these confessions were il- medicine, and with a sop of bark and lustrative of the depravity of human leaves they sprinkled the medicine nature. One was pathetic. A mother over the sick man, and each woman who had lost two children confest that, in turn washed off the blood with the contrary to their custom, her husband medicine. The other pot of medicine was of the same tribe as she. This was poured into the trench, and each was supposed to have been the cause woman was expected to gather up of the death of the children. She some of it in her hand as it flowed past asked that the spell be removed so and cleanse her body with it.

that her unborn child might be spared. Then the women stood up one at a Another confession opened the door of time, each taking with her the piece heathen darkness and let us get a of plantain stock on which she had glimpse of vices of paganism in all its been sitting, lest she bring upon others ghastliness. Another woman of good a spell similar to the one they were physique, middle-aged, said that she seeking to remove. All were supposed had participated in the burying of her to run to some stream in which they husband, in violation of the custom of bathe and return clothed in their ordi-

PURIFICATION BY BLOOD IN WEST AFRICA

nary garments. The sick man was taken internally. Then I showed the carried away. If he should not re- uselessness of what they were doing, cover, it would be thought to be be- in that there was no relation between cause the real cause of his sickness the sickness and what they claimed to had not been con fest and removed, or be the cause of it, nor was there any because some one had not gone reason to expect a cure by their through with his part of the observ- method. I explained that we came to ance properly. tell them of a better and more rea- sonable way of life. I told them of After the ceremony was concluded, THE EMBLEM OF THE {(so" SOCIETY, WEST AFRICA my opportunity came to talk. I told the sacrifices of the Jews, and exhow our physicians gathered knowl- plained how they pointed to Christ. edge of medicines from all over the Then I spoke to them about the Savior, world, and wherever they found a the Lamb of God, whose blood cleanses medicine which was effective, they us from all sin, and tried to tell would study its effect upon the body. that old story so simply and plainly I told them that many of the native that the words would bear fruit. herbs and barks were good for medicine and that they were generally The people listened attentively and seemed to desire to hear more.

ISSIONS MEANS THE IND, THE OTIVE, THE IGHT OF THE ASTER ULTIPLIED BY HIS ESSENGERS.

STEWART, OF

BY REV. JOHN T. FARIS, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

"We have nailed the flag of Africa to our mast, and there it must remain till God Himself takes it down."-Letter of JAMES STEWART, 1875.

"Doctor Stewart and General Gor- captivated by the volume that for a don were to me the two greatest long time he could talk of little else; heroes of the age-the saintly servants his fellow students, who had called of God and of Queen Victoria-the him "Long Stewart," because of his Elijah and Joshua of modern times," height, now gave him the name "Stew- said a steamship captain who many art Africanus."

times carried James Stewart between Stewart began his ministry in the England and Africa. This statement home land, but it was not long before would have been endorsed by thou- he heard the definite call to cross the sands who followed the missionary in sea, and in 1859 he proposed to the his wonderful work during nearly half Foreign Mission Committee of the a century. Free Church that he be sent to Africa The first impulse to become a for- to do missionary work in the region eign missionary was received when made famous by Livingstone. As the young Stewart-then fifteen years old committee felt 'unable to assume the -was following the plow in Perth- responsibility, he organized among his shire. "Leaning on the stilts of the friends "The New Central African plow, he began to brood over his fu- Committee," composed of eighteen ture. What was it to be? The ques- men, "with the view of turning to prac- tion flashed across his mind-,-'might tical account the discoveries of Living- I .not make more of my life than by stone, and to open a new mission in remaining here ?' He straightened Central Africa." The initial expenses himself and said, 'God helping me, I were largely paid from contributions will be a missionary.''' On another solicited by himself, supplemented by occasion, while out hunting with his the gift of his entire inheritance. Then cousins, he said, "Jim, I shall never he gave himself-for he was the man be satisfied till I am in Africa with a chosen by the committee to go to Bible in my pocket and a rifle on my Africa to look over the ground. shoulder to supply my wants." * Stewart's indomitable perseverance Years of business training, necessi- carried him through obstacles in the tated by the desire to help his father, face of which many a man would per- and to provide for his own education, haps have turned his back forever on gave him invaluable preparation for the mission field. He was expecting the life to which he was looking for- to accompany Mrs. Livingstone from ward and taught him to make the most Durban to the Zambesi on a brig char- of his opportunities. In school he was tered to carry another mission party to not a prize-winner, but he devoted a neighboring field, but strenuous ef- himself diligently to the studies which forts were made to persuade him that he felt would be most useful to him. he was not wanted by Livingstone and While a student in the Divinity Hall that he would better return to Eng- of the Free Church of Scotland, he land. When Mrs. Livingstone assured read and made a careful analysis of him that her husband would welcome the life of Livingstone. He was so him and declared to the captain that * "Stewart, of Lovedale." By James Wells. Fleming H. Revell Co. she would not sail unless Mr. Stewart mittee of the Free Church, "for such was permitted to accompany her, he a man as Dr. Stewart there are no inpaid no further attention to the pro- superable obstacles in the way." tests of those who would detain him. During a brief stay at home he com- For five weeks the delay, the efforts pleted his medical course, and gained to pursuade him that he was on a some valuable experience in work in fool's errand, and the assaults on his the churches. Then he was sent by character continued. The time was the Free Church to the missionary inspent in conducting Gospel meetings stitute in Lovedale, Cape Colony, and and gathering information that might there for three years-until 187o-he be of value to him later. Always his labored under Dr. Govan, the princicomfort was gained in reading the pal. When he was free to work out Bible and in prayer. Once he wrote in his own plans the wonderful develophis journal: ment of the institution began. His aim-which was thought visionary by Make me patient under calumny, most people-"was to uplift the native whether it be at home or abroad. Give by touching him at every point, inme patience to labor at details as much structing him in all the arts of civilas if they were the highest work Let ized life and fitting him for all Chrisme not get disappointed with the opposi- tian duties." tion that may be thrown in the way. If it shall prove not to be Thy call to labor One of the first steps was to dishere, help me to take the lesson Thou continue the teaching of Latin and givest for my good. Help me to be con- Greek, the study of English as the tent with Thy work in me if not by me, classic being substituted. Another inand out of all vexation and trial it has novation was that the native pay tuibrought, only let my heart be brought tion fees. Many prophesied failure, nearer Thee. but the fees were soon paid without complaint. Little by little the oppor- Consecrated perseverance conquered. tunity for industrial education was At last he reached Livingstone and presented, Dr. Stewart's idea being to received a welcome that repaid him for give "a practical training for brain, all he had suffered. After a season eye, hand and heart." Business men with the great explorer, he pushed on of the colony and relatives and friends into the forests on his own account, at home furnished the funds required supporting his party by his rifle, fre- for new buildings, which were erected quently nearly dying from fever, and by artizans brought from Scotland. in constant danger of a violent death. The Scotsman in 1899 insisted that The fame of Lovedale spread. In this expedition should be recognized 1873 the Fingoes, living one hundred as sharing with Livingstone the hon- miles to the northeast, appealed to Dr. or of opening the way for the abo- Stewart to give them a similar school, lition of the slave-trade in Central promising to raise :£1,000 if he Africa. would do as much. The promise was more than kept, five-shilling contribu- On his return to Scotland after two tions being received from each Fingo and a half years of wandering, Stew- until £I>450 was heaped up before the art reported that the mission project missionary. "There are the stones; was possible. Livingstone himself wrote to the Foreign Mission Com-

now build!" said a Fingo orator, point- for mission buildings, and superintend- ing to the money. Returning to Scot- ing their erection. Perhaps one of the land, Dr. Stewart raised the needed most important results of the trip was money, and on his return the natives the conception and outlining of the doubled their subscription. Thus "African Lakes Corporation, Ltd.,"

Blythswood was built at a cost of which should conduct stores near the more than £7,000. The debt of £1,600, principal mission stations of Living- remaining on the property, was paid stonia. This corporation has proved a in 1878 by voluntary offerings of five decided help in opening the country shillings by men most of whom lived and carrying on the mission work.

in little beehive huts. On November 26, 1877, the Lord's As a result of this institution, twen- Supper was first celebrated on Lake ty-two years later it was declared that Nyasa, and a few weeks later Dr.

the Fingoes of Transkei, among whom Stewart returned to Lovedale, leaving Blythswood was located, were "half Livingstonia in charge of Dr. Robert a century ahead of their countrymen Laws. Since then only one generation in wealth, material progress, agricul- has passed, but the savages have be- tural skill, sobriety, and civilized habits come civilized. "The war dresses of of life, both in food, clothing and the wild Angoni have long ago rotted dwellings." on the village trees, or been sold as During Dr. Stewart's visit to Scot- curios to travelers. These bloody land and England, he took part in the men are now messengers of the Prince burial of Livingstone's body in West- of Peace, evangelizing the villages minster Abbey. Later, when it was they used to raid." In 1897 a mission- proposed to erect a monument to the ary told of having seen a field of memory of the missionary explorer, he wheat at Mwenzo, and added, "The insisted that the monument should be Ngoni were reaping it with their a mission in N yasaland, in the region spears. Not one of these assagais is which he had explored twelve years now used for war. They have beat before, and that it should be called the iron of some into hoes, which are Livingstonia. The proposition struck the native plowshares. With these the popular fancy; soon £20,000 spears they cut their grain and prune were in hand, given in response to Dr. their trees."

Stewart's personal appeals. Then he At Lovedale Dr. Stewart once more was persuaded that it was his duty to devoted himself to building up the go and open up the new field. school, which had now become almost Work at Blythswood prevented his a university. The range of education joining the first party that went out given was from the alphabet to the- with the little steamer Ilata to Lake ology, and every form of industrial Nyasa, and he delayed his journey till activity that would be helpful to the the summer of 1876, when he led a natives was given a place in the busy party of Europeans and natives to the school. Of course the natives were Murchison Cataract and on to Lake not eager for work and their attitude Nyasa. For eighteen months he re- was illustrated by a new pupil, who de- mained there, exploring, winning his clared that the first commandment way with the savages, choosing a site was, "Thou shalt do no work." But

JAMES STEWART, OF LOVEDALE

Dr. Stewart set them the example by ful Christian influence throughout all working with his own hands at the that region. Guests were entertained tasks they dreaded most. It was a there freely; it came to be unusual to common thing to see him throw off have a day or even a meal go by with- his coat and show a Kafir how to out at least one visitor. One guest make a straight furrow. It was his wrote: "It was Mrs. Stewart's kind- ambition to show the natives-whose ness and winsome graciousness which "highest achievement was to build a made the principal's house the most beehive hut, and that was the work of hospitable in South Africa."

the women !"-how to do any work re- His life won to the cause of mis- quired of them, and this as a nec- sions many who had been indifferent essary part of training them in and even scoffers. He would not ar- Christian character. Most mission- gue with them, but they could not aries would have thought the school resist the argument of his life. One was enough of a burden for one man, man to whom Dr. Stewart sold a but Dr. Stewart preached regularly, horse-soon afterward returning the built a hospital, did a vast amount of price when he learned of the animal's medical missionary work, wrote books, death-offered to be of any service to edited a newspaper, and was busy at the mission, tho he had before de- various other things. clared he had no use for missions.

No wonder he was the man chosen Thus, in active, earnest service, the to establish a new mission in what is years passed until December 21, 1905, now the East African Protectorate. when, at the age of 76, the worker He was at home on his first real fur- was called home. He was buried in lough in twenty-four years when the Sandili Kop, overlooking Lovedale.

request came in 1891; long before the The simple inscription over his grave .end of the year he was in Africa once reads: more, leading an expedition through a JAMES STEWART difficult country to the river Kibwesi, MISSIONARY near Kilimanjaro. There the new sta- There is no more significant com- ment on Dr. Stewart's life than his tion was opened. • With the exception of the months own words, spoken in a meeting at taken for a visit to Scotland in 1898 Lovedale, when he heard something in order to perform his duties as mod- said about the sacrifices made by mis- erator of the Free Church General As- sionaries.

sembly, Dr. Stewart spent the remain- Sacrifice! What man or woman can ing twelve years of his life at Love- speak of sacrifice in the face of Calvary? dale, placing the school on a still bet- What happiness or ambition or refine- ment has anyone given up in the service ter basis, erecting new buildings, es- of humanity to compare with the sacrifice tablishing new industries and sending of Him who "emptied Himself and took out hundreds of men and women to upon Himself the form of a servant"? teach others how to work with the hands and how to live for Christ. "It made some of us feel rather ashamed of our heroics," said one who Not only was the school an influence heard him, "for we knew that, if ever for good, but Dr. Stewart's home was a man since Livingstone had a right a center from which radiated a he1p- to speak like that, it was Dr. Stewart."

CENSUS OF RELIGIOUS BODIES

CHRISTIANITY IS GAINING GROUND IN THE UNITED STATES There were in the United States in ern Orthodox churches, 315; German Evangelical Synod, 245, and the 1906, the period of the fifth United Protestant bodies, as a whole, 104, the latter being less than one-ninth the States census of religious bodies in average number for the Catholic Church. this country, according to the pub- CQMPARATlVE STANDING OF RELIGIOUS HOOlES IN THE lished bulletin, 186 religious denom- UNITED STATES, 1906 inations, 212,230 local religious or- The Increaae in Denominations ganizations, 32,936.445 church-mem- Between 1890 and 1906, 12 denom- inations ceased to exist, 4 were consolbers, and $1,257,575,867 invested in idated with others, and 4 disappeared through changes in classification, leavchurch edifices. The following table ing 125 denominations reported both in 1890 and 1906. By division of deshows the standing of the denom- nominations 13 new denominations were caused, II were the result of iminations: migration, and most of the remainder (37) were the results of the organiza- COMMUNI· tion of entirely new cults. There are 164 Protestant bodies, the Roman DENOMINATION CAN1'S OR INCREASE Catholics, the Jews, the Latter-day Saints (2), the Eastern Orthodox MEMBERS, OVER Churches (4), and 14 others, inclu- ding Armenians, Bahais, Buddhists, 1906 1890 Shakers, the Amana Society, the Polish National Church, the Society Roman Catholic Church …… 12,079,142 5,837,434 for Ethical Culture, the Spiritualists, Methodist bodies ………… 5,749,838 1,160,554 the Theosophists, and the Vedanta So- 1,949,766 ciety, a total of 181 denominations. Baptist bodies …………… 5,662,234 Lutheran bodies…………. 2,112,494 881,422 Protestants Are Increasing 552,704 Presbyterian bodies ………. 1,830,555 501,308 Of the larger Protestant bodies only Disciples or Christians. ~. …. 1,142,359 354,894 three show a decline, viz., the Chris- 187,709 tians (Christian Connection), 3.2 per Protestant Episcopal Church.. 886,942 140,056 cent. loss; United Brethren, 4.9 per 70,769 cent. loss; Universalists, 11.5 per cent. Congregationalists ………. 700,480 loss. The Jewish congregations have Reformed bodies…… … …. 449,514 105,705 90,522 United Brethren bodies….. . 296,050 41,467 German Evang. Synod of 129,006 North America ……….. . 293,137 6,564 Latter-day Saints ……….. . 256,647 Evangelical bodies ………. . 174,780 6,395 Eastern Orthodox Churches .. 129,606 Friends ••……………… 113,772 23,349 Christians (Christian Connec- 32,244 76,993 tion) ……………….. 110,117 60,313 Dunkers, or German Baptist 2,793 Brethren ……………. . 97,144 14,964 13,257 Adventist bodies ………… . 92,735 Church of Christ, Scientist. .. 85,717 Ind.epe!,dent churches .•…: .• 73,673 UmtarIans ……………. . 70,542 U niversaIists ….. , …….. . 64,158 Mennonite bodies . …. _….. . 54,798 Among Protestants, the Methodist bodies rank first in number of mem- bers, with 5,749,838, or 17.5 per cent. of the total, and the Baptist bodies come next, with 5,662,234 members, or 17.2 per cent. These two families together constitute somewhat more than one-third of the entire Protestant membership of the country. If to these be added the Lutheran bodies with 2,II2,494 members, the Presbyterian bodies with 1,830,555 members, the Disciples (or Christians) with 1,142,359 members-each containing more than a million members-the five bodies combined include r6,497,- 480 members, or fully one-half (50.2 per cent.) of the membership of all religious bodies in the United States and more than four-fifths (81.3 per cent.) of all Protestant bodies.

The Catholic Church reported the highest number of communicants or members per organization, 969; Eastgrown from 533 organizations in 1890 capacity has kept pace with the into 1,769 organizations to-day. The crease of population, the capacity re- Adventists have risen from 995 or- maining a little more than 69 per cent. ganizations in 1890 to 1,189; the Bap- of population. Protestant edifices tists have a great gain of Il,971 or- have an average seating capacity of ganizations since the last census; the 317, Roman Catholic of 436. Protes- Primitive Baptists, 612 organizations tants can accommodate three times the increase; Free Will Baptists, 441; average membership, while Roman Northern Baptists, 370. The Christian Catholics have a membership of al- Science Church has had a rapid most two and one-fourth larger than growth. from 221 organizations in the seating capacity. 1890 to 638, a gain of 188.7 per cent. The Lutherans have increased from Catholic Majority in Sixteen States 8,595 to 12,703, or 47.8 per. cent.; the Methodists (including all organiza- In 29 States a majority of the tions of the Methodist Church) have church-members or communicants are added 13,212 organizations in the same Protestants; in 16 States the Catholics period; the Presbyterians report an have a majority, and in one State the increase of 2,035 organizations, which Latter-day Saints. The States where includes the growth of both of the the Catholic communicants outnumber large wings of the Presbyterian the Protestants are New Mexico, Church. The number of churches re- Rhode Island, Montana, Massachuported by all the religious denomina- setts, Nevada, Arizona, New York, tions has increased 47,079 since 1890. New Hampshire, Louisiana, Connec- ticut, California, Vermont, Maine, Males Only 43.1 Per Cent New Jersey, Wisconsin, Michigan. This preponderance, however, is more Of the total number of members re- apparent than real, for the reason that turned by sex, 43.1 per cent. were male the Catholic returns take in alI who' and 56.9 per cent. female. But for the have been baptized, including even Protestant bodies only 39.3 per cent. children, whereas the Protestant rewere male, while for the Roman Cath- turns deal with none under 12 or IS olics and the Latter-day Saints the years. In Georgia, Alabama, Missismembership was almost equally di- sippi, Virginia and South Carolina a vided between the sexes. Lutherans majority of the communicants are Bapshowed 46.1 per cent. males, Meth- tists; while the Methodists hold a maodists and Baptists 38.5 per cent. each, jority in Delaware, the Lutherans in Presbyterians 37.9 per cent., and North Dakota, the Disciples in Ken- Protestant Episcopals 35.5. Christian tucky, Congregationalists in Vermont Scientists had only 27.6 per cent. and and Episcopalians in the District of the Shakers 21.3 per cent. males. Columbia.

Eight New Churches Each Day Numbers of Ministers There was an increase of 5°,308 The census of the ministry shows a church edifices since 1890, repre- total for alI denominations of 164,830 senting approximately 60 new edifices ministers, an increase of 53,794 since a week. The total 192,795 edifices had the last census. Of these 146,451 are a seating capacity of 58,536,830, an Protestant, 15,177 Catholic, and 3,202 increase of 14,976,767, or 34.4 per represent other bodies. The Baptists cent. The seating capacity reported lead the Protestant list with 43,790 for Protestants was 53,282,445, for ministers, Methodists 39,737, Presby- Roman Catholics 4.494,377, and for terians 12,456, Disciples 8,741, and alI others 760,008. Protestants and Lutherans 7.841. The Protestant Roman Catholics had the same in- ministry increased 47 per cent. since crease (about 33 per cent.) in seating the last census, the Catholic 65 per capacity. The increase in the seating cent. The Christian Scientists have 1,276 ministers, as against 26 in 1890.

Our Sunday-school Army scholars, Presbyterians 1,5 II, 175 schol- ars, Congregationalists 638,089 schol- An interesting part of the census ars, Disciples 634,5°4 scholars, Ludeals with the Sunday-schools. In aJl, therans 782,786, Jews 13°,085. 192,000 Sunday-schools were reported, with 1,746,074 officers and teachers, Church·members Increased More Rapidly and a great army of 15,337,8II Than Population scholars. These figures do not include the mission Sunday-schools main- Of the total estimated popUlation in tained by some churches. Moreover, 1906, 39.1 per cent. were church-mem- 14,508 of the schools reported are un- bers. The corresponding percentage denominational and union, therefore for 1890 was 32.7, so that the increase unattached to any particular church. was 6.4 per cent. The relative gain Of the whole number, 165,128 Sunday- was divided among the three main schools belong to Protestant churches classes as foHows: Protestants 1.8, and II,172 to Catholic churches. The Roman Catholics 4-4, and all others to- Methodists come first with 57464 gether one-tenth of I per cent. Sunday-schools, Baptists next with 43,178, Presbyterians 14452, Luth- The Census Shows Progress of Chri.- erans 9,450, Disciples 8,078; these five tianity denominations having more than fourfifths of all the Protestant Sunday- The Census shows clearly that schools and nearly three-fourths of Christianity is not losing ground in the total number. . The Protestant the United States. The Gospel is being more widely preached. The bodies have 1,564,821 officers and country is more strongly Christian and teachers, the Catholic Church 62470 the people are more strongly and officers and teachers; the Protestants numerously attached to the Christian have I3,018434 scholars, Catholics Church than ever before. Protestant- 1481,535 scholars. The Methodists ism in the United States is not decaycome first denominationally, with ing as far as numbers are concerned, 4472,930 scholars, Baptists 2,8g8,914 as some are trying to demonstrate, or growing weaker, but it is progressing.

MISSION PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD * BY BISHOP H. H. MONTGOMERY, D.D. Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel It may be as well if I first enumerate 3. T:.ere is no part of the world some axioms before I attempt to put which is not now tainted by the evils mission problems in some sort of inherent in so-called Christian races. order of merit. If these axioms are indisputable, then what follows may 4. It is doubly necessary, therefore, be reasonable. At all events, some to follow up the evil with the good, to agreement on first principles often place Gospel truth beside the evil. clears the air, and if mission workers are divided in opinion, it may be that 5. Races of the world act and react they are really divided in regard to on each other more and more freely, first principles. and such action is either good or evil.

Seven Axioms 6. If you neglect a race, your sin of omission reacts upon yourself. You I. The Gospel is good news for will suffer from evil because of your man, which it is our duty to spread omission to elevate that race. throughout the world. 7. We have no right to say that in 2. The world has become one, no God's sight one race is more imlonger to be treated in water-tight portant than another. compartments . Based upon such principles, how can we place world problems in the • Condensed from The East and The West. order of their importance to-day? For opportunity of doing so. Therefore example, what continent to-day seems British Christians ought to give India to us to demand most attention? all the good they can. The Christian The first answer seems to be that nation has destroyed the old faith of there are spheres of Christian work India by secular government schools which run in equal and parallel lines. and Western knowledge, therefore For example, the evangelization of ought not to leave the "chamber non-Christian races stands in impor- empty, swept and garnished." Christance side by side with the preserva- tians have poured much of the Gospel tion of Christendom as it extends its into India, but have not yet given it a Church natural to the soil. The way borders. must be shown to build up self-gov- In regard to this duty of preserva- ernment on safe lines, and England should lead the way by dealing first tion I do not think we need very with the things of the Spirit. closely distinguish between white and colored races, between races long China contains the largest populaevangelized and those recently con- tion of anyone kingdom in the world. verted. The two parallel lines of im- It is homogeneous and independent. portance may generally be defined as It is situated wholly in temperate reevangelization and edification. If gions, speaking generally. It is a these are parallel in importance, we highly civilized race and increasing in can take first one, then the other, numbers. Being independent it is a starting from the same point each somewhat incalculable world force. time. Over each as a general motto No one knows what China may do may be written, "The Christian Atti- some day outside its own regions. It tude of Race Toward Race Through- is imbibing Western knowledge as fast out the World." as it can. Is it to get only secular and anti-Christian knowledge? Christian 1. Evangelization. What continent nations have drenched China with stands first to-day in importance? All, evils-With opium, and its attendant I think, would agree that Asia stands evils. Now that China wants everyfirst. Asia contains the enormous thing she can get from Europe and populations. These are "finding them- America, can we refrai~ from giving selves" and are stirring into conscious her all the Gospel we can to save national force; they are imbibing 400,000,000 of a virile race? They Western learning; they ·are civilized are so conservative that, according to races; they are increasing, not dying a law well realized also in Africa, what out; they live to a large extent in temperate climes, and consequently they assimilate in the next ten or possess that force which comes partly twenty years may be held fast for from climate. I,OOO years. The first step from a lower faith to a higher seems the most. If we differentiate within Asia, the critical. The second step to a still problem naturally becomes more deli- higher faith is a matter of much cate. India, China, Japan, each has greater difficulty and uncertainty. claims; these are so strong that probably the supporters of each must Japan does not possess a population by temperament be permitted to be- as vast as China, but by some differlieve their own way. ences in blood she is much more as- similative, and perhaps, as a problem India's Claims.-This land is under of climate, much more electric. No British rule, and therefore it seems to one can tell what her ambitions arebe more the duty of English-speaking at present she is a Far East force. In people than a region under some other twenty years she may be a world rule. India supports thousands of force. Already her men of science British sons in good positions. Great claim first place with any in any land. Britain has poured more evil into If Japan and China really begin to India than into countries not under British rule, because of the greater love each other sufficiently to make foes at the end of this century. She common cause against other races, fears, or desires the aid of, the great Japan will for some time to come fur- virile races of temperate climes more nish th.: thinkers and leaders. Such a than those which dwell in the tropics.

probability makes us ask what Japan Africa is full of surpassing interest may do for or against Christendom. to the Church of God. We owe it She seems certain to be a force in such an immense debt of reparation.

politics outside her own land; may No one expects it to contain a world she not be an equal force in the sphere force equal to those mentioned above; of religion, destructive or construct- but as we have drenched it with our ive? The influence and importance vices and cruelties, we are bound to of Japan is bound up with the future give it of our best with both hands.

of the whole Mongolian or Turanian Speaking generally, the two continents race, and is its present leader. for evangelization to-day are Asia and A word about world forces may help Africa. But besides the duty of quick to make the situation more clear. It reparation, there is also the race with seems certain that in the political Islam. It is doubtful whether Islam sphere there will, ere long, be no more has much future anywhere except in room for nations as against races than Africa; there it meets with animistic there is to-day in London as between faiths which crumble quickly before small shops and universal stores. any higher and more dogmatic re- World forces are simplifying them- ligion. The fact is strange, but, I selves, and this seems to be a natural think, true, that once having risen step toward a higher unity in the end. from animism to any higher religion, In Europe it means a mighty German the next step beyond that is incom- race, a Slav race, a Latin race, an parably more difficult.

Anglo-Saxon race with its old home Which part of Africa is of greatest in Western Europe. In Asia a importance to the Church at this time?

mighty Mongolian race of some 500,- One is sometimes tempted to answer, 000,000. India's future is dark. In "Where there are fewest Europeans Africa a Bantu race, an Arab race, except the missionaries." Which is and so forth. In North America the the greatest hindrance? The non- Anglo-Saxon race differentiated. In Christian living white man or the South America, a Latin race differen- propagator of Islam? Where is tiated. In Australasia the Anglo- Islam most dangerous? On this point Saxon race differentiated. Of these, some experts assert that the mis- how many are in regions where cli- sionary's zeal even of El Azhar may mate gives force? The Slav, the Ger- not be what it was, that the modernist man, the Anglo-Saxon, the Mongo- movement of thought has affected lian; no others with quite equal cer- Islam more than many realize. They tainty. This militates against any assert, also, that the pagans south of world power~ of first rank in Africa, Khartum have no desire for Islam be- and it leaves India in a doubtful posi- cause they have suffered from it. On tion. But it exalts the importance of the other' hand, Uganda fears Islam.

the Mongolian race as a factor of first- So does Zanzibar. So more especially rate rank either as a help or a hin- does Nigeria and the region westward drance to the Church of God. of it. The strong races of Africa, There are sections of Asia not apart from the Arabs, seem to be the touched. It is impossible to do aught best of the Bantus in the south, the but keep to main lines. people of the Upper Zambesi, of From what has been said it would Uganda, of Nigeria. It would be appear that in Asia the Mongolian terrible to think of these growing races races are of first importance, as the as Mohammedan.

Church looks out upon Asia to see If the record of Africa is to be first who are to be her active friends or slavery, then drink, then Islam, we may well hang our heads with shame. the average of self-help in one is three Upon the whole, excluding Arabs or four times as high as in the other. The existence of a small endowment and French territories, the important is sufficient to lower the whole ideal of centers for the Church in Africa seem self-help. Dioceses will lean on a soto be three in number, because there ciety or the mother Church for money is a great future for each-Nigeria, as long as they are permitted to do Uganda and South Africa. Strong so in many cases, and long after they churches in these three centers ought should have given up such external to hold Africa. props. Again, there are regions n. Preservation and Edificalion of where the funds are plentiful, but where there is no desire for spiritual Christendom. – This is a parallel ministration. Are we to consider such problem, one the importance of which regions as non-Christian, however it is impossible to overrate. The tenderly the phrase is exprest? pressing nature of it can be gaged The United States has the same from the fact that it is impossible for problem within its own territory, not those who have once been Christians so much on the Pacific Coast, but in to relapse into paganism-it is some- what they term the Middle West. This thing worse to which they fall. They region was colonized in the days when have tasted of the Heavenly Gift, and the Church for political reasons was they can not relapse into mere igno- at its weakest, with the result that rance. when it gained force it found few members of the Church in the middle (1.) The problem of preservation of the Faith is now no longer a simple regions, and passed over their heads one. It does not refer only to white races of Christendom spreading over to lands in process of colonization. the world, and needing continuous The American Church is now slowly asserting itself in this middle region. Christian education and Christian South America is now winning the ministrations. It also includes men attention of the Church, and none too and women of the second, third, and soon. That continent is receiving even fourth generation of Christians thousands of English-speaking people of many races. in the southern regions. We ought to pay far more attention to this region In India, in the South Seas, in the than we have done in the past. Americas, in West Africa chiefly, but in other parts of Africa, it is of vital The Action of Governments upon importance to keep savor in the salt, World Problems of the Church.-With to keep conventional Christianity from deep regret, I must say that there is stifling the life of the Church. one government which in some parts (2.) But also the old problem in- of the world, from the side of unbelief, cludes the welfare of our own Euro- of aversion to all forms of religion, is pean white races in the course of their a most serious hindrance to the welexpansion through all continents. It fare of Christendom. I mean the is not an easy problem except in its French Government. There are two early beginnings, when men have other governments which on the score of belief in one form of religion are literally to fight the earth for a bare intolerant of all other forms of faith. subsistence. Of course aid must come I mean some parts of the Moslem to them from the older Church centers. But after this stage is past it is ex- kingdoms and some parts of the Porceedingly difficult not to spoonfeed tuguese empire. I trust I am not guilty of impertinence in placing them those who could help themselves if together. they would. I refer to money, not to living agents. These living agents In regard to the help or hindrance must be supplied for a much longer afforded by the State, the action of the time. It is possible to take dioceses British Government in many parts of of similar pioneer character and in the same continent, and to note that the world has, I believe, a result very ceive from the East an invaluable different from what was expected. In lesson for the West. India, for example, it is hard in the abstract to criticize the action of the So important is this question to the State in being neutral in religion. But Church that I was minded to create among Orientals the present neutrality a third parallel-to place "Religious seems to mean unbelief, more than re- Education" in a category by itself as ligious neutrality. They seem to ask, one of such vital importance that it "Does the teaching of no religion ought to receive all the emphasis that mean neutrality?" to us Orientals it such a method could give it. But on seems to mean religious indifference. second thought it is clear to me that The earnest teaching of all religions, religious education is a vital part of of religion necessarily taught to every each of the two parallels already laid child whatever that religion may be, down-vital for "Evangelization," that would seem to be a better defini- vital for "Preservation or Edification." tion for the Oriental of a religious but It is the thread inextricably wound through every part of both parallels, neutral government. What to the vital in the sense that without it both Oriental is anathema, is a non-re- our main duties would die. We must ligious government: and here we re- know God if we would know anything.

WILL JAPAN BECOME A CHRISTIAN NATION?

Hampton's Magazine for December describes the religious demands of has a most interesting article on "Will Japan Become a Christian Nation?" Japan, but he denies that Japan is which question is answered partly in turning to Christianity, "the enthuthe negative by the author, Thomas siastic statements we hear oftentimes A. Green, a well-known lecturer and in America about Japan being eager traveler in the Orient. He claims for the Gospel, about so many emi- "that certain men became Christians nent men becoming Christians, are, with the avowed purpose of seeing unfortunately-I doubt not unintenwhat the result and what the benefits tionally–exaggerated." He mentions might be, much as the 'poison squad' the Japanese objections to Christianity, of modern investigation undertakes among which he considers the multiexperiments with questionable diet, or plicity of denominations at work in as the devotees of medical science in- Japan the chief, saying, "If denominaoculate themselves with disease-germs tionalism is a misfortune at home, it to make certain, for the general good, is the absolute paralysis of foreign of the properties and results of some missions." And, finally, he answers anti-toxin," and "that it was but re- his own question, "Will Japan become cently the decisive intention of the a Christian nation?" partly negatively, government to make the crown prince and says, "Japan will never have a a profest Christian, so that, with the state religion," and, "for the present accession of the next emperor, Japan at least, probably for years to come, would be a Christian power." We are she will maintain an absolute toleraglad that he adds, "this intention has tion so far as religion is concerned, been, for the present at least, aban- and continue to afford complete freedoned," because Christianity is not put dom of belief." on like a garment, nor is it a creed only, but it is life, life in Christ Jesus, But Mr. Green does not deny that the second birth, and no man, not even the Gospel is progressing in Japan. He says, "Christianity is wielding a the crown prince of Japan, can become wide and beneficial influence. It is a Christian by the decision of any coloring and influencing even the government. Mr. Green powerfully things it can not regenerate. When one t"emembers that only fifty years

EXPLORING TOUR IN WEST AFRICA

have elapsed since the days of abso- lofty ideals of their daily lives, in their lute prohibition and persecution, it is contact with the social life of the evident that there are many things be- people, they have earned and held the sides converts to be credited to the confidence of the Japanese." influences of the West. Christian schools have done much for education, Mr. Green seems to think that only particularly for girls and women. . . what he calls practical Christianity has Christian philanthropy has set the ex- a future in Japan and asks for the ample for the erection of hospitals and sending of more men and money to asylums for the poor, the diseased, Japan only "if we are willing to prothe outcast, and the orphan. mote works of mercy and philan- The Y. M. C. A. along its social and thropy; if we really believe that educational lines has made for itself schools and hospitals, asylums and a place of great usefulness." And to refuges, are as really Christianity as the missionaries he pays the following are creed and ritual." But we, who most beautiful and well-deserved know that the Gospel of Christ is the tribute: "The missionaries, as indi- power of salvation are by no means viduals, have done glorious work in discouraged by his discussion; we are rather encouraged by it, because it Japan, not because of their divisions, but in spite of them; not by their shows by his own testimony that our preaching so much as by their lives. missionaries in Japan are doing their Almost without an exception they are duty faithfully and are preaching the sincere, earnest, devoted, consistent in Gospel, and we know that His Word every way. As teachers, as examples shall not return void unto Him and of disinterested philanthropy, in the that Japan some day must bow before the King of kings.

AN EXPLORING TOUR IN WEST AFRICA * BY WILLIAM M. DAGER, ELAT, WEST AFRICA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign :Missions The mission at its last annual dry myself before the fire. I sat meeting asked me to make a trip over that fire and steamed. The of about three weeks into a district next day the bearings of my wheel where the others had not been, for broke and by carrying it for the last the purpose of finding a location for hour I reached the town where my a new station. carriers were waiting for me, at about six o'clock. We repaired I had sent my carriers ahead, ex- breakages several times, but had no pecting to get along for one night trouble at all in keeping far enough with such accommodations as I ahead of the boys to have a great might find in the town. I did not number of meetings without retardexpect rain in the dry season, but the ing our progress at all. unexpected happened, and in a forest about three miles from the next In one of the towns where I was town the rain suddenly began to fall. to spend the night, I did a few I t came in torrents, and for an hour stunts on the wheel with the usual I pushed my wheel along, and, of result, that all the men, women and course, everything I had was soaked children in the town were soon chaby the time I reached the town. sing around after me shouting, howl- It was then five o'clock and I had ing and gesticulating. Then we to put up for the night. Not a dry gather about the palace, which is stitch of my own and none to be 15 feet long and 8 feet broad and procured in a Bulu town. I tried to about 7 feet high at the gable, 3 or • Condensed from All the World.

4 perhaps at the eaves, made of could get from the women and boys, bark with a thatched roof. The king we came and sat down with the is there. A loin-cloth is all he men, and after some conversation wears. His claim to royalty is the about the man and his death, we number of wives he possesses. He asked the not uncommon question is seated on his throne, an empty in this country, "Who killed him?"

rum case. This poor man with a The dead man's brother answered, woman at his back rubbing the sand "His sons." Then we told this flies off his body, has an exalted brother, who was a leader in all that sense of his dignity and importance. was being done, that he would be Then, when the people are as- held personally responsible for any sembled, it is time to tell the story act of violence. Fear of the govern- simply., Love and sacrifice, joy and ment no doubt protects some women peace, they do not know. To tell who would otherwise be accused of the story of the love of Jesus that the death of their husbands and these needy ones may comprehend, would be put to death. While much that is what we try to do. has been done by the government to We passed through still another correct this awful custom, still, town where the head man lay dying. women are still liable to be sacri- Just before I reached the town I ficed when the people are some dis- stopt to repair my wheel and word tance removed from a government went ahead that I was coming, so station.

that when I passed through I ob- A slave came to me one night served nothing unusual. They asking my protection. Years ago asked for medicine and I told them he lost in gambling, and as he had I was unable to do anything. But not the money to pay the debt, he my carriers coming on later saw was taken as a slave. He developed what had been concealed from me. skill and courage in hunting ele- A number of women were bound phants, having killed five. These and they were trying to fasten the should have more than paid for his responsibility for the chief's death ransom, but as he was profitable, on one of them. We stopt for the charges were trumped up by which night about five miles beyond this he was kept in slavery. Every ef- town. At 3 :30 next morning we fort was made to keep him from were awakened by weeping and the coming in contact with the white beating of the drums announcing man. I passed his town at noon on the man's death. From what I had Saturday. The Bulu drum had sent heard I feared that one or more of ahead a wireless message of my his forty wives would be accused coming, and straightway his mas- of having been the cause of his ter sent him on an errand to a neigh- death and would be killed. As soon boring town. Some one told him as possible I was on my way to the that a missionary was passing. and town and found crowds were as- though he did not get to see me at sembling from every direction. the place where we spent Sabbath, About ISO were there when I he came in about nine o'clock Mon- reached the town and more than day night, asking if he could go with double that many when I left. The me. We decided to provide work men were seated in front of the for him until he could earn money dead man's house. Their conversa- enough to have the officer decide tion was almost entirely about the his case. He has proved a good distribution of the dead man's pos- workman, and it does one good to sessions. We secured quiet for a see him losing that hunted, servile little while and spoke a few words. look and, broaden out into an ex- Gathering first what information we pression of brightness and cheer.

EDITORIALS

THE SIMPLICITY OF MISSIONARY been in the habit of glvmg it. The DUTY Friends Missionary Advocate gives The matter is, primarily, one of the following quotations from the simple obedience to our Lord's last command. Here are our marching Bible to show that Christians must think in world terms: orders: a true soldier does not hesi- "Let (man) have dominion over the tate, parley, or even delay to ask a earth," said God at creation.

question. An early prophecy was: "As truly as I Secondly, it is a matter of love to live all the earth shall be filled with the glory of Jehovah." man as well as loyalty to Christ. The Psalmist thought in world-terms, Every motive of humanity and piety as witness these expressions: "All the ends of the earth shall turn unto J ellO- unite to constrain us to give the Gos- vah," "Sing unto Jehovah, all the earth."

pel to the world. Huber, the blind The devil thought in world-terms also: "He showeth him all the kingdoms of the naturalist, observed that a wasp will world."

not stop to eat a precious morsel by The Apostle John says: "The whole world lieth in the wicked one," and himself; but goes to the nest and leads "Satan deceiveth the whole world."

others forth to the feast. He that John the Baptist introduced Christ as "the Lamb of God that taketh away the withholdeth corn, the people shall sin of the world."

curse him. No monopoly is so inex- Christ is called the Savior of the world. Jesus came to give life unto the world. cusable and monstrous as that in the "I am the light of the world," said Christ, and "I came to save the world." Bread of Life. He came that the world through Him might be saved. There is nothing either impossible We are told to pray: "Thy will be done on earth." or impracticable in the immediate The Gospel is that "God so loved the world." evangelization of the world. We need Jesus said to His disciples: "Ye are the light of the world." only four conditions: He proclaimed that "The field is the world." 1. The principle of e·vangelism-that His decree was, "This Gospel shall be every believer is a herald, responsible for preached in the whole world." his proportion of the unsaved world; His final command to His followers bound to do directly his share of bearing was: "Go ye into all the world." the good tidings. The curse of the Church is the dependence on proxies. These are only a few of the teach- ings of the Bibl~ that if rightfully ac- 2. The spirit of enterprise. Men of the cepted compel us to enlarge our vision. world, simply to serve worldly interests, have made it possible to go round the Viewing the whole world from God's world in three months; to reach by the mails the remotest quarters inside of six standpoint will enable us to work more weeks, and by telegram all great centers inside of an hour. What might not a intelligently and with a deeper interlittle enterprise do for God! est in the special field where our 3. A holy earnestness, an enthusiasm for God. This is the inspiring soul of all labor is bestowed. Christian effort. It makes one man chase a thousand, etc.; it makes him a William Carey studied the map of hammer to break the hardest; a fire to burn and melt away; a sword to pierce. the world which he kept before him 4. The divine enduement. The power as he worked on his cobbler's bench, that converts can not be described any more than the fragrance or tinting of a but he labored in India. The world rose; but it may be felt. Faith. and prayer are the conditions of this endue- situation was ever before him, and his ment. The means will always be inadequate. Our salvation lies in being in love reached as far as the love of straits. The work can not be done on a mathematical basis. We must attempt Christ went, and the broader visions great things for God, while expecting great things from God; and then the stimulated and inspired him so that victory will come. his work was in reality for the whole THE WORLD VIEW world. So our vision and our pur- The present stage of' world-evan- pose and our effort will embrace the gelism demands of us a larger view whole world if we see and work aright. of the whole question than we have

THE PRIESTHOOD OF BELIEVERS cable one. They drew on the sand a rude image of a cross, and led The Jewish priest performed three their prisoners to it, and bade them, functions. as the price of their freedom and im- munity from death, to tread on it I. At the altar, offering sacrifice. and trample it under foot. With 2. Within the veil, making inter- death and torture facing them if cessIOn. they refused, even in that hour of 3. Outside, pronouncing blessing. terror, thousands of men, women These correspond in the disciple to and even children would not allow themselves to put a contemptuous Suffering-( self-sacrifice). foot upon even so rude a symbol of Supplication-( intercession) . the holy passion of their divine Re- Service-( conferring blessing). deemer; but heroically and unflinch- The first to hands pierced, as in ingly died-not as Anglicans or crucifixion; Wesleyans, or Baptists, or Presby- The second to hands clasped, as in terians; but simply as Christians. It prayer; remains to this hour a sacred mem- The third to hands extended, as in ory that so great numbers of native impartation and benediction. disciples so accepted a martyr's death and won the crown of life. The suffering of saints in all ages is also threefold: THE DECAY OF FAITH I. The temptation of Satan. Distinguished leaders of the Church 2. The inappreciation of men. Universal are blowing the trumpet of 3. The rej ection and condemnation alarm. The Bishop of Durham, for of the world. example, says, "There is with many, Such thoughts as these are most just now, a growing intolerance of the pertinent to the understanding of all revealed and supernatural in every true missionary service at home and form. Not a few speak as if the acme abroad. It is essentially a sacred and of human progress was to prove that sacerdotal service, and identifies the there is neither Creator nor Redeemer, missionary with the Lord Jesus, the but man is all in all." suffering servant of God. How often we shrink from 'service At the late meeting of the Synod from a false humility, from a con- of Baltimore, the following overture sciousness of on "Fundamental Faith" was adopted: 1. Incompetence, like Moses. Exod. iv., 10. The Synod of Baltimore, being imprest 2. Impurity, like Isaiah. Isa. vi., by the prevalent toleration and increas- 5,6. ing assertion of doubts and denials, con- cerning certain Confessional statements, 3. Ignorance, like Jeremiah. Jer. and believing that thereby are encouraged, within the Church, forms of unbelief i., 6. which unsettle the Christian faith in the 4. Rashness, like Peter. John xviii., fundamental facts of Christianity, over- tures the General Assembly of the Presla, I I. byterian Church in the United States of America to consider most carefully this 5. Unsatisfied doubt, like Thomas. critical situation, and to take such action John xx., 25. as may more surely protect and confirm the people of God in the faith, once for AN AFFECTING HISTORIC all delivered to the saints. INCIDENT THE DAY OF PAGEANTS When Dr. J. Campbell Gibson, These imposing exhibitions, procesmissionary at Swatow, gave the sions and parades, with the aid of the synodical address as moderator of spectacular and dramatic element, are the En~;lish Presbyterian Church, he becoming the order of the day. The referred to the fact that, nine years Hudson-Fulton celebration in New ago, in the Boxer crisis, the test they applied to native disciples was not any confession or creed, but a simpler and more universally appli-

TABLE OF JEWISH MISSIONS

THE WORLD ON DECEMBER 31, 1908 Compiled by Rev. Louis Meyer, New York City "> .., a __ t:l !.oj ~ ::l .~ MtSSIONARIES 4-..~ t t<::~>.JJ:;;:"·";:g;: ~ .~ ,.., ~ "''- – h..""..'~ -'."<c-'" 1~:l:'~ .~ COUNTRY .~ ] ~ ;; "'""" '" .~.~ ::tc~..:;: .~ .~ , {.rJ , Cl I Mole Femole ~.!:l 2:~~U ———,I V, ,~ , , ,~ Great Britain. —;;-1-8- ~-1l- ~1-269 1 I I Germany ·· 79 662 166 ..1 29 2 Switzerland… I1 3 I .6. 8 1 18 10 5 8 3 .. 2 4 .. 4 4 I France ……. I 1 I I5 .. 1I 1 2 5 Netherlands .. 3 I 😉 ! 1 .. 4 2 4 ·······1 I I 6 Scandinavia .. 3 I 9I 3 17 12 3 32 I 31 7 I1 8 I .. 7 RAufrsisciaa ……. 41 2 41 I 4 8 ·. 1 I 9 Asia ……… 1 4 I 4 8 · . I 8 I .. 10 Australia ….. 2 I I 2I 2I ·. I 2 I 1 11 United States. I 45 I 6 I 48 1 3 66) 58 23 147 49 I 12 Canada ……. i 3 11~~_1_3__,_~___~ __6_ 2 ) 14 7 13~ Grand total.! 991 24 ! 222 1 19 437 110 914 245 SOME WORDS OF EXPLANATION 1. The specialized statistical tables of which this table is the summary will be published in the "Conference Missions Atlas" of the World's Missionary Conference, Edinburgh, 1910, for which the information was gathered. All the information contained in the "Atlas" will be for the year which closed on December 31, 1908.

2. The lists of societies include large and small ones, and even individual efforts where persons are doing the actual work of a missionary without having a missionary organization behind them.

3. Great Britain occupies the first place in Jewish missions still, tho the number of societies in the United States is larger (45) than in Great Britain (28). The number of stations occupied by the 28 British societies is almost three times as large as that of stations occupied by the 45 United States societies, while the British societies employ 662 missionary workers, and the United States societies only 147. The income of the British societies, which is not given in the summary, was six times larger than that of the United States societies in 1908. Great Britain, through its societies, reaches the Jews of almost all parts of the earth except those in the United States, while the United States societies labor among the Jews in the United States, except that one Lutheran society supports one station with one ordained laborer in Russia. The majority of Jewish missions in the United States are of recent date, and the work is so little established that several of the societies at work in 1908 are at this time out of existence or without a worker, while others have been organized since the statistics were collected (but no change in the total number of United States societies has been caused).

4. For the first time an attempt has been made to find out how many Hebrew Christians were among all the laborers of Jewish missions. The reports gave their number as 245, or 26 4-5 per cent only (in Great Britain 25 per cent, in the United States 33 per cent, in Canada 50 per cent, in Germany 27 3-5 per cent, in Scandinavia 22 per cent, and so on). We add, however, that the percentage of male Hebrew Christians is far greater than of female Hebrew Christians, who are laboring as missionaries. We believe that of the Hebrew Christians found among the missionary workers about 170, or almost 70 per cent, are men. A surprizing number of these men have married Gentile wives.

5. An attempt was made to tabulate numbers of baptisms in 1908, and numbers of inquirers at the close of that year, but some of the Jewish missionary societies evangelize only (without baptizing), others have the converts baptized by the pastors of local churches, and still others refuse to give the information. Thus no numbers of baptisms in 1908, and no numbers of inquirers at the close of the year are given in this summary, while the specified tables will contain sl1ch information as far as supplied.

NOTABLE EVENTS OF THE LAST

(In Gener,,! the Notable Draths Are Omitted from This, Li.t) 1900. Ecumenical Missionary Conference, New York. The B~xer Outbreak in China.

1901. Young People's Millllionary Movement organized. Australasian Confederation formed.

1902. Hague Peace Tribunal established. Uganda Railway c~mpleted. Hunan, the clo..ed province ~f China, opened to missionaries.

1903. United States purchased Panama Canal. Czar proclaimed religious freedom for Russia.

1904. Russo·Japanese war. The great Welsh revival. Colonel Younghusband reaelled Lhasa, Tibet. Panama Canal Treaty signed. World's Sunday-school Convention in Jerusalem. Cape-to-Cairo R. R. reached Victoria Falls. Death of Rev. Francois Coillard, of Africa.

1905. Death of Rev. J. Hudson Taylor, of China. Great revivals in Allllam, India. Russo-Japanese war ended. World Y. M. C. A. Conference in Paris. The Czar's call for election to the Duma_ 1906. Centennial of Haystack meeting. Great revivals in India. First Duma met in Russia. Laymen's Missionary Movement organized. Conference on Islam and Christianity, Cairo, Egypt.

1907. Fifth Sunday-school Convention met in Rome. National Christian Missionary Society of India formed. Anti·opium edict ilULued in ClUna. Death of Bishop Schereschewsky, of Japan. Death of Rev. John G. Paton, of New Hebrides.

191}S. Wireless telegraphy inaugurated. A great revival in Korea. Revolution in Turkey, Sultan deposed. Chinese Centenary Missionary Conference, at Sltanghai. Death of Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, of India. Earthquake at Messina, Italy.

1909. Movement for church union in South Africa. A II'reat revival in Korea. Death of Emperor and Empress Dowager, of China. World Y. M. C. A. COIlference in Germany. World Y. P. S. C. E. Conference in Agra, India. Revolution in Persia, Shah deposed. Federation of States in South Africa formed. Damascus Railway completed to Medina. Semi-centennial celebration of Protestant missions in Japan. Quarter·centennial celebration of Protestant miasion.. in Korea. Thirty·million-dollar bequed of John S. Kennedy to charity, York included some interesting his- of whom perished trying to reach torical features, but involved much Cape Sabine to meet the relief ship useless waste of money. We can not Proteus. Professor McMillan found but feel some risks in attending them, relics of the vain endeavors of Comespecially where historic developments m;lnder Hall in 1871; of Admiral Sir are not faithfully presented. George Nares, 1875-76; of Sir John Lockwood, 1883-84; of Amundsen In the recent church pageant, in in 1905-06, as well as records left Fulham Palace grounds in England, by Commander Peary in 1900 and in on June last, much hostile criticism 1$)06. He found "General Greely's was evoked by the evident Romish coat, card and books, a book of the trend of the whole "open air theat- doomed Lieutenant Kislingbury, phoricals." It was pronounced to be a tographic plates and films," etc. He deliberate suppression of historic facts also tells how Professor Marvin was and a falsification and misrepresenta- drowned. Shall diSciples be less ready tion of history. to search for human souls in captivity to sin and Satan, or less ready to spend Certainly one would not have sup- money to equip missionary explorers posed, jUdging from the scenes of this for their work of soul saving? drama, that there had been any Reformation period. Some of these criti- SOME MISSIONARY HEROES cisms are just and deserved. It is hard to believe there was mere ac- John Williams' life motto was "TRUST cident in the absence of much that AND TRY." John Eliot, the pioneer belonged to the history and the prom- "Apostle of the Indians," not content inence of much else that was very to do one man's work, during nearly anti-Protestant in character. A prom- sixty years of his pastorate at Roxinent writer says: bury, Mass., was also untiring in lab?rs among them. After studying "The pageant emphasized Augus- theIr language from an Indian whom tine as being sent by Rome; but the he took into his home, he began his people were not shown the struggle work of translation-the Ten Comhe had with the British Church, which mandments, the Lord's Prayer and a was not settled till the days of his suc- few Scripture passages; then the encessor. . . . The Reformation was tire New Testament, completing the the end of that struggle. But, instead work in 1661, and two years later the of beginning with the casting off of Old Testament. This translation was the yoke, the pageant gratefully re- the first instance where the entire membered Thomas it Becket, but not Bible was ever given to a barbarous Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley_ It re- people as a means of their conversion. minded of Laud, who turned back toward Rome; but not of Bonner, who David Brainerd's agonizing plea burned the Bibles at Paul's Cross. It was, "0 that God would bring great was a distortion of history, and gave numbers of the heathen to Jesus no place to the Reformation. As a Christ." Then he responded to God's sign of the times it forebodes a loss call devoting himself to work among of Reformation blessings." the Indians of Massachusetts, New York and New Jersey. Among the AN EXAMPLE OF SACRIFICE Delawares-of whom he once said, "Not one in a thousand has the spirit The cost of reaching the North Pole of a man"-a wonderful revival broke was enormous, both in men and in out after several months of faithful money. Professor Donald B. Mc- preaching. In 1747, at the age of Millan, of Worcester University, con- twenty-nine, Brainerd ended his nected with the Peary expedition, sub- earthly work, but when he was dying sisted for days on the abandoned pro- he said, "I would not have spent my visions left twenty-five years ago by life otherwise for the whole world." the ill-fated Greely party at Fort Conger, seventeen out of twenty-five

OCTOBER; 1909 – NAY

LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT GREATER THAN A PRESIDENTIAL CA),{PAIGN TOUR GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE MISCELLANEOUS 2. Supply the church with the best up-to-date books, leaflets, and litera- Outcome of the Millilion Century ture on missions.

Christian missionaries set out a cen- 3. Conduct each year, if possible, tury ago to bring to bear upon the a missionary institute with courses of multitudes of men and women in the mission study and .a series of confer- East the saving Gospel of Christ, "To ences for leaders, inviting representasave souls" was their mission and their tives of neighboring churches to be commission. Than this no more present and participate. worthy service can be conceived. To this they gave themselves with self- 4. Cooperate with the pastor and sacrificing zeal. To-day, as the results church officers each year in a misof their efforts, we find the Church of sionary evangelistic subscription cam- God widely established in the earth paign looking to heroic consecration among all races; but what is more, of life and funds for furtherance of and what was not expected at the the Gospel throughout the earth. first, we find a strong, aggressive, Christian social order developing in S. Propagate the missionary instiall of those countries, and the entire tute idea by circulating missionary East coming out into fraternal rela- literature, and through personal reptions with the Christian nations, thus resentatives of the church assisting demonstrating the true brotherhood other churches in missionary schools, of man, which proves the genuine classes, campaigns, and lectures. fatherhood of a common God.-REv. A World-wide Tour of Millsionary Fields J. L. BARTON, D. D. Rev. S. D. Gordon, author of the What Every Church Should Do "Quiet Talks" series of books, has started upon a world-wide tour of According to the "Missionary Evan- missionary fields. After a sojourn in gelistic Subscription Method," which England until June, 19IO, he expects means business in missionary activity, to devote six months to Japan, twelve every church should: months each to China and East India, and six months to Egypt, Persia, 1. Establish mission study classes Arabia, Turkey, and the Holy Land. and courses in connection with each Africa and South America will be department of the church. visited later. The purpose of Mr.

MISSIONARY

Gordon's journey is not to see but to field is big enough for four misserve, and he will be prepared to turn sionaries. If we can quadruple our aside from the main centers of activity present force and provide them adewherever opportunity for help is afforded. The work will be with the quate equipment, it is believed that we missionaries themselves, then with the English-speaking natives, but also can overtake the stupendous task. with non-English-speaking natives by Even if you eliminate one-half of our interpretation. Mrs. Gordon is accompanying her husband on this present church-members as either too journey. poor or too indifferent to do anything for this work, it would only require one out of 400 of the balance to go as missionaries. The only other question AMERICA is, could the 399 who stay at home .. , / support the one who goes? We spend Origin of the Laymen, Movement i- more than $250,000,000 a year for re- T?e general se~retary, J. Campbell ligious purposes in this country. One- WhIte, recently saId: fourth, or perhaps even one-fifth, of It was at the conventi~Jn of the ~tude!lt such an amount would support an Volunteer Movement m NashVille, m adequate force of missionaries 1906, that the seed-thought of the move- . ment was planted by the Spirit in the Can We Do Our Part? tnind of a young business man of the city of Washington. As he saw over J Campbell White has recently 3,000 students considering for several days their relation to the evangelization . of the world, this thought came to him said: -If the laymen of North America could If the churches of America can be led see the world as these students are see- to increase their gifts to missionary work ing it, they would rise up in their abroad, until it is equal to one-fourth of strength and provide all the funds needed for the enterprise. The providential op- what they now spend for religious purportunity for testing this idea came a poses in this country, we can probably few months later. The one-hundredth anniversary of the Haystack Prayer- make the message of Christ known to meeting was to be celebrated in New 600,000,000 of non-Christians before the York City by a series of interdenominationa! meetings. It was arranged that middle of this century. Money is not the one of these should be for laymen, and only condition of evangelizing the world, should take the form of a prayer-meet- but it is an essential condition. And just ing, and this was held November 15th, in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church. now it is the point of greatest weakness. The afternoon was very stormy, and only about seventy-five were present. Mr. In addition to needing money enough for Samuel B. Capen, of Boston, presided. It was really a prayer-meeting, most of the work, we also need workers enough the time from three to six being spent to go, and we need the power of God in in prayer. After an intermission of an hour for supper, the meeting was re- which to do the work. But the workers are offering to go faster than the money has been available to send them, and the power of God is always available to those who obey and trust Him. The mission- ary leaders of all fields believe that it is now possible to evangelize the whole world in our generation. We do not mean by this that everyone will become a Christian, but that an adequate oppor- sumed, consisting mainly of discussion tunity to become a Christian should be as to what practical steps should be afforded to every person.

taken. Out of this discussion came a Votes for Enlargement series of resolutions which called into At recent conventions of Christian existence the Laymen's Missionary Movement. laymen it was voted: In Cleveland to America', Share 600,000,000 advance the giving for foreign mis- America's share of the non-Chris- sions from $53,000 to $r60,ooo, in tian world is about 600,000,000. There Richmond from $30,000 to $60,000, are so many in the fields now occupied Worcester from $r5,000 to $25,000, 1, by American missionaries. But about and Washington from $60,000 to 450,000,000 of these are beyond the $roo,ooo. reach of our present missionary force. What Has Been Done in Canada Each American missionary has a Is the Laymen's Missionary Move- parish of about roo,ooo souls. Such a ment accomplishing anything? The answer comes from Toronto. In- the cost of maintaining a substitute creases in mission contributions are varies in different countries, and even reported as follows: In four Meth- in different p~rts of the same country.

odist churches: from $8,000 to $16,- In India, the price ranges from $25.00 000, from $7,000 to $15,000, from to $85.00 a year. In China, $60.00 $4,000 to $13,000, and from $3,000 to will support a native evangelist and $5,000. In four Anglican churches: $30.00 a Bible woman. In Africa, the $7,000 to $15,000, $5,000 to $15,000, cost varies from $25.00 to $50.00.

$1,000 to $4,000, $200 to $1,000. In Selp-support on Mission Field. three Presbyterian congregations: $12,000 to $15,000, $7,000 to $12,000, The Presbyterian Board has issued $6,5°0 to $12,500. a bulletin which shows what native Model Churches in Philadelphia Christians are doing to help them- selves, and to carry the Gospel to oth- On the best of authority the state- ers. From all native sources the ment is made that the 518 members Board received $350,000, which, taof the three Covenanter churches in king into consideration the different Philadelphia gave $26,000 to home average wages, amount to something and foreign missions last year. This like $2,000,000 in the United States. was an average of $7.25 per member In the West African Mission every to foreign missions, and $3.00 per church is self-supporting, which may member to home missions, which es- not be said of Presbyteries in the tablishes a new record in church be- home land. This bulletin tells the nevolences in Philadelphia. story of 1,013 Koreans who emigrated Men Who Are Rich Enough to Yucatan, Mexico, in 1905, which company counted 4 who were Chris- It is reported that Mr. L. H. Sev- tians. Yet in the last year over 250 -.:rance is to add nothing more to his Christians were added to the church capital, but to give all his income roll, and at the expense of the native above Hving expenses to Christian be- church two evangelists were brought nevolence. In this decision he imi- from Los Angeles, and these Koreans tates Mr. Joseph Shenstone, the Bap- established in Merida, Mexico, a Prestist iron manufacturer of Toronto. byterian home. The Japanese on the Presbyterian Share of the Harvest Pacific Coast gave more for religious In India the native Presbyterian work among themselves than the church numbers 25,000 communicants; board expended upon them.

in China, 40,000; in Japan, 18,000; in The Greatest Achievement in Minion. Korea, 20,000; in Africa, about !O,- 000; in Brazil, II ,000, and in Mexico, Rev. H. C. Stuntz, foreign mis- 6,000. In all these countries the sionary secretary of the Methodist churches are well organized and while Church, expresses the conviction that not entirely self-supporting, they are the most notable achievement in misrapidly becoming so. sions or any other religious effort was the translation of the Bible into 500 The Fruitful Substitute Idea languages and dialects, making it The substitute idea-i.e., the sup- possible to convey to the people of porting of a native worker on the for- these tongues a message from God in eign field in one's stead-founded by their own vernacular. "No such Mr. Henry B. Gibbud in 1897, and energy has been released," declared carried on by his widow since his de- Dr. Stuntz, "since the morning stars cease, has progressed rapidly. The sang together to make for righteous- total number of substitutes to July I, ness in everything that Christ has in 1909, was 3,729, and the total amount His program as this putting the Word of money received was $98,45°. Ow- of God into the hands of the nations.

ing to differences in local conditions, It is the colossal achievement of the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 6S

missionary enterprise and has done Methodist Episcopal mission of Canmore to benefit mankind, drive away ada the work at Chung King, West wrong, and raise the race than any China, and by other processes. other single accomplishment." Activity of British Women Foreigners Flooding the South The Church of England Zenana We hear often enough about the Missionary Society publishes monthly hordes of immigrants from the Old Indids Women and China's Daugh- World which flood the North and ters, which in the November issue tells West, but not nearly as often of the of a farewell meeting to twenty-two tide which sets southward. But we missionaries soon to return to their learn from the last report of the home fields and eleven new workers. Its missionary committee of the Presby- income is more than $300,000, and its terian Church, South, that within three representatives in the two countries years 15,000 have come to Norfolk; number more than 200. in Tampa there are 15,000 Cubans and 10,000 Indians in New Orleans Rome As It Was and A. It Is there are thousands of Italians, Spaniards, Syrians and others. In some This che"ering report appears in one Texas counties the court records are of our exchanges: kept in German; in others the Spanish language alone is heard. While a The chief difference which I note after Mexican Presbytery has been success- sixteen years of residence in Rome is the fully constituted in the Synod of attitude of the people toward Protestants Texas, in the French and Italian fields and our faith. They are no longer afraid of Louisiana little has yet been accom- of us, but treat us as friends. To be plished. In New Orleans there are known as a Protestant would once have only one French, one Italian, and two barred one from contact with many per- German churches. The oldest mission sons; now we are respected and gladly work of the Southern Church is received, even in the best social circles. among the Indians, and it has 19 The king himself, a man of much ability churches and 10 pastors among the and broad views, has not hesitated to re- Choctaws and Chickasaws of Okla- ceive in audiences Bishop Burt and the homa. representatives of our work. To the common people we are not devils or pos- EUROPE sest by the "Evil Eye," but are wel- comed as those who can help them. The The London Society Retrenching sentiment in Italy is rapidly becoming friendly toward evangelicals, who are At a recent meeting of the directors, now occupying many positions of promiby instruction from the board that the nence; these same men would have been expenditure during the year com- ostracized and debarred from public life mencing next April be reduced by thirty years ago, solely on account of $50,000 below the expenditure in the their religion. year 1908-09, the finance committee presented recommendations which Persecution in Portugal represented a sum total of $32,000. This result was to be arrived at by British missionary women are conthe handling over of the Vizagapatam ducting Protestant work in many mission in South India to the Cana- towns in Portugal and Spain and find dian Baptist mission, and further, by their efforts often unmolested. In the relinquishment of the Industrial some districts these remain undis- Institution and the central school at turbed; in others virulent opposition Hope Fountain, Matabeleland, South is stirred up by parish priests. These Africa, by handing over to other mis- can only set going actual persecution sions the work at Barkly West, South in places where they can find sym- Africa, by the handing over to the pathy in the mind of the mayor of a town. Madame Emily Lopez Rod- riguez, the English wife of the Rev. Luis Lopez Rodriguez, director of the mission in the province of Gerona, writes that her husband is still in prison, as also are his brother and

their schoolmaster. They are con- his subjects that for years no outfined in a small room lacking ventila- siders were admitted" to the royal tion, and are suffering at night the mosque, but "the present Sultan is betorment of vermin. The case is one loved of his people, and drives freely of wanton persecution on utterly false among them." The seed planted by charges, but appeals have been in vain, the Robert College and other misnotwithstanding that "toleration" is sionary agencies is bearing fruit. supposed to prevail in Spain.-Homi- "Hope and expectancy are in the air letic Review. everywhere," and "the new Turk is pursuing his way steadily, earnestly, Opening of the Firat Protestant Training- and judiciously." school for Teachers in Ru.sia The Presbyterian College in Teheran In Astrachanka, in southern Russia, was held the annual great con- Rev. S. M. Jordan writes in The ference of Stundists near the end of Westminster: September. It was especially important because the first Protestant The Persian boy is fully the equal of training-school for teachers in Russia his American brother in mental ability was opened during the meetings. A and aptitude to learn. He has good stuff large building with light and com- in him, but for centuries he has been fortable rooms has been erected at an spoiled in the making. Nevertheless, he outlay of about $10,000, which amount is capable of becoming the equal of the was raised by the Stundists them- best the world can produce. The young selves. Missionary Jack, of the Ger- men trained in our school are exerting man Orient Mission, who is in charge an influence out of all proportion to their of the mission's work in Astrachanka, numbers. They are found throughout is director of the training-school, being the length and breadth of the land in poassisted by some Stundist teachers. It sitions of honor and responsibility. They is hoped that means for a theological are under-secretaries in the State Departseminary, which is much needed, will ment, and the other departments of the be forthcoming soon. government. They are chiefs of customs and post-offices and telegraphs in various ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS cities. They are found in the banks, for- eign and native. They are teachers and The New Regime in Turkey physicians. They are contributors to the newspapers, and some of the best text- Mr. Ralph Darlington, whose work books in the language have been prepared for the Royal Geographical Society by our boys. of England is well known, has, after knowing for eighteen years the heart The Truth About the Adana Massacres of Constantinople, formed a very decisive opinion as to the new regime in In the October number of the mag- Turkey. He speaks in a tone of sunny azine of the German Orient Mission hopefulness. Only three years ago a number of heartrending particumen in the Ottoman Empire were lars concerning the recent Armenian saying: "If something extraordinary massacres in Adana and vicinity is does not come soon, we are doomed." published. The author of the article The something extraordinary hap- is Dr. Paul Rohrbach, formerly Gerpened in the deposition of Abdul man commissioner of Southwest Af- Hamid and the enthronement of Mo- rica. He visited the district almost hammed V. The result, Mr. Darling- immediately after the massacres and ton says, is "an air of freedom, of made thorough investigations, so that awakening, of joy and zest, and the his report can be considered reliable. pervasion of hope in Constantinople, According to him, between 20,000 and such as has not been witnessed in 25,000 Armenians lost their lives, living memory." One fact he declares many of them after having suffered is enough to support his statement. most brutal cruelties. Almost all Ar- "Abdul Hamid lived in such fear of menian villages and homes between Tarsus and Adana were plundered and burned. The fury of the Mo- hammedan pillagers was so great that they broke to pieces iron plows and

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

farming implements which they could occupied by the Church of Scotland's not use or carry off. Mr. Rohrbach mission, the Church Missionary Sofound complete proof that, like at the massacres of I895, the Turkish sol- ciety, and the American Presbyterian diers partly joined the mob. Absolute mission. The movement began with proofs of the fact that the deposed one man, Ditt by name, who sought Sultan, Abdul Hamid, himself ordered baptism, but refused to leave his vilthe massacres can not be found, but lage. He soon brought his wife and there is a strong suspicion. That the family, and they were baptized. Thus plans for them were made a long time began a work which has added 65,000 before the massacres is well estab- people to the Christian Church, of lished. Dr. Rohrbach calls attention which 32,000 are members of the to the fact that the new Turkish Gov- United Presbyterian Church. The ernment has made quite insufficient writer of this paper has baptized about provision for the sufferers, tho it has one thousand souls this year. The tried to do a little. These homeless movement goes on, and in every misones are insufficiently clothed, and sion baptisms by the hundreds are there is little effort made to provide taking place. at least temporary shelters for them during the cold and wet season. Thus An Ingathering of Shoemakers help is immediately needed, and the German Orient Mission, Gr. Wein- On a recent tour from his station meister str. 50, Potsdam, Germany, at Palni, on the evening of the third appeals for it. day of preaching, at a place called Variapoor, Mr. Jeffery, of the Ma- INDIA dura Mission, had a happy surprize. He write~: Man Movements Multiply I had just put out the light and gone Rev. E. M. Wherry writes in the to bed when a lantern appeared at the Presbyterian: open tent door, and I heard a voice say- ing, "Sir! Sir! may we come in?" I at It is a most significant sign of the once lighted my light and there entered progress of missionary work in India not only the light-bearer, but a body of that, instead of reporting the circum- stalwart men, partly filling the tent. stances surrounding the admission of They were Hindus of the shoemaker single individuals to the Church, the mis- caste. They had come to pledge themsionaries of almost all societies are now selves to Jesus Christ. I stood there in laboring with the problems connected my night-clothes and wrote down the with the admission of great masses of names of 51 persons who that night gave the people to the Christian fold. At a up their bloody idol, Kaliammal, and recent session of the North India Con- took Jesus to be their God. And standference of Christian Workers, held in ing there in the quiet of that consecra- Mussoorie, the whole time of the ses- tion moml'nt, I prayed for them, blest sion, lasting for four days, was taken up them, and sent them, their hearts filled with discussions of questions relating to with peace and with a new sense of bemass movements. ing children of God, back to their homes.

The two leading papers and addresses The next day 30 more names were upon this subject were as follows: added, making altogether 80 new Chris- "The Problems of Mass Movements" tians, in spiritual things feeble as new- born babes, to be nurtured. was discust by Rev. J. N. Forman, in A Buddhist Monk', Disrobing a most instructive paper, which was followed by an address by Rev. Dr. P. The conversion of a Buddhist monk M. Buck. Both of these men have is often reported, but from time to had great experience in village work. time a yellow-robed leader becomes a Christian. In Colombo, Ceylon, on Rev. J. A. McConnellee, of the United Presbyterian mission at Sar- October 3d, in the Maradana chapel gadha, Punjab, gave a brief history of of the English Wesleyan Mission, Uva the mass movement in that province, Kotawera ~tated his reasons for wishbeginning in the bounds of his mis- ing' to renounce Buddhism and emsion, and extending into the regions brace Christianity. He told his story, and then, while the congregation

bowed in silent prayer, he put off his amounted to $II8,ooo ($103,000). The increase in membership was robes in exchange for the ordinary larger among the Telugus than among the Tamils. garments of the Sinhalese man, and Mohammedan Convert in A..am returned as a candidate for baptism. Rev. R. T. Jourdain, S. P. G. mis- As a priest he also practised as a sionary at Sikhar, in Assam, tells of a Mussulman inquirer who came to medical man, and gained a wide repu- his house in Silchar in October, 1907. The earnestness of Chand Mohammed tation for medical skill, especially for (that was his name) made an impres- sion upon Mr. Jourdain at once, but ability to cure snakc-b:te and hydro- he at first suspected him of being really a Christian who had been obliged phobia. He was called in to attend to leave his former abode. However, the suspicion soon vanished. Chand the daughter of one of the Christian had apparently been reading what he could froni a copy of Matthew and sShinehdaildese~uacnhd before she passed away, from tracts given to him by mis- to win him for Christ. sionaries. He received instruction and, together with his wife, was p~e­ Her testimony to the saving power of pared for baptism at the Oxford MIS- sion at Barisal. Both won confidence Jesus, and her exhortation~ to believe and affection by their humility and earnestness, and were baptized on in Christ and live a good bfe, made a Easter, 1908, in the presence of Rev. and Mrs. Jourdain. Since Chand was great impression on .him. . able to read both Bengali and Hindu, Mr. Jourdain put him at once to wo~k Her Bible was given to him after as catechist in the tea-garden at Sll- char. It seemed an unwise experiher death, and he read it in the light ment, but it turned out well, and Chand has proved faithful and zealous. of the dying girl's testimony and ex- He is another illustration of the power of the printed Word of God. perience, and became convinced that Progress in Jaspur the way for him to tread was not the The King of Jaspur, East India, is eight-fold path of Buddhism, but the by no means favorable and friendly to the efforts of the white missionaries way of Christ. among his people, yet his opgosition can not retard the progress of the This man is no ordinary convert, for Gospel. Missionary John made a journey of visitation through the land he has been a priest for a quarter of last May and 719 inquirers appeared before him and were baptized after a a century and was a novice in the searching examination. A short time later 386 more were baptized by a temple several year" J;efore. that. ~e native pastor. Thus 1,105 heathen were baptized in J aspur within a few is proficient in Sansknt, Pall, and Sm- weeks.

ahnaldesBe~ramnad, he has atsraivnelCedeylionn.Ind~iea Movement Toward Christian Union as well The Missionary Herald (American will be more fully instructed, and III Board) publishes these three items: due time will receive baptism.- THOMAS MOSCROP.

Missionary Forces in Southern India The South India Missionary Union publishes a statistical table for 1908 which clearly shows the steady progress of the Gospel amon~ th.e Tamils and Telugus. We publlsh It and place in brackets the figures for 1907, that our readers may judge of the progress them~elves.. ~here were at work twenty-mne missIOnary so- cieties, which employed 564 (542) male and 339 (317) female E.uropean missionaries, which were assisted by 427 (407) native pastors and 13,683 ( 13,582) native teachers and c~te­ chists. The number of theological students was 676 (624) and that of the pupils in the schools 230,030 (206,- 734) . There were 490,706 (466,267) baptized natives and 219,413 (207,- 260) adherents, whose contributions

GENERAL MISSIONARY

1. Union continues to suggest the word CHINA for the trend of events in this mighty Denominationaliam at a Discount empire. The process of enlargement and unification under the British rule has In an interview published by the reached its highest mark up to date. Sunday School Chronicle, Rev. F. B. Railroads, postal service, publications in Meyer gave some impressions derived English and vernacular languages, educa- from his recent travel to the farther East. He thinks that denominationaltional requirements of government, and ism is largely a spent force in the mis- sion fields. "There is little doubt that political discussions have all made steady if the European and American misprogress toward the weakening of caste, sionaries were withdrawn to-morrow, the native Christians (in China) would the destroying of religious, racial, and flow together into one great church, commercial antipathies, and the bringing the basis of which would be Presby- terian, with bishops as perpetual modof the people into a closer life together. erators." He cites the success of the Nationalism, especially among the stu- Y. M. C. A. in China as a further dent classes, continues to assert itself, proof of this and adds: "None of us can lament the decline of denominatho held in check as much by the wise tionalism, but we must carefully dis- Hindu leaders, who know the value of tinguish between that and Chris- British Government, as by the inertia tianity." To the question whether of the masses and the protective meas- Christianity is a spent force he gives ures of the government. India is feeling a decided negative. "If ever the hour her oneness as perhaps never before, in should come that the religion of Jesus spite of great racial and religious dif- should become extinguished in these western lands, I believe that reenforceferences. ments from China and Japan would 2. In all this enlargement and unifica- be forthcoming, and that the East would a second time give to the West tion our India missions have taken no the pearl of immeasurable price." unimportant part in that they have helped The New University for China to elevate the lower classes, to honor womanhood, and to provide proper edu- The demand for advanced univercation for the masses. Our missionaries sity education is growing among the are recognized by intelligent men through- Chinese. As many as 7,000 Chinese out India as devoted and successful la- students were recently enrolled in the borers in the work of bettering Indian University of Tokyo, and large numsociety. Nor has this political agitation bers of them are studying in Europe and America. In China itself schools and national impulse toward more self- and universities are being founded, government been without a beneficent in- but are not very efficient in general, fluence upon the native Church. It has and are, alas! of a strongly materialisproduced more self-respect and independ- tic bias. Hence there is special need ence, tho this is by no means an effect of Christian university training. A as far-reaching as one might suppose large commission, with graduates of who has read the press accounts. Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, Colum- bia, Chicago, Stanford, and other 3. Our three Indian missions have ever American universities on it, and a local been at the front in union movements commission composed of representa- tives of various missions, met recently. among the foreign boards and churches It was decided to follow the English at work in the empire. Hardly a year plan of a group of independent colpasses without some new union schemes leges, each more or less complete in being reported as an advance upon those itself, but gathered about a common preceding. We in America would do well to study such movements toward organic unity and federation upon this mission field. This can be said even tho all the plans for union proposed and adopted have not yet become fully operative. Last year we reported a union of Presbyterian and Congregational churches into a "United Church of South India." A Union Theological College for South India is to be started within a few months, to be supported by the missions of the London Missionary Society, the United Free Church of Scotland, the English Wesleyan, and the Dutch Reformed Missions, and if possible by our own Madura Mission. In the Marathi field we hear of a proposed scheme of federation where organized union with missions of other churches is not yet feasible. A union paper is now in vogue in Madura.

center, with a common standard, a several of the localities, the women prescommon examination, and a certain ent and partaking of the communion number of common professorships, outnumbered the men. The other was and to utilize already existing institu- the very different feeling toward our tions in China. The movement is re- work on the part of the people generally. ligious and it includes all those who There was no rudeness anywhere, and call themselves Christian. University nothing of the usual curiosity-attracting professors and teachers must be men crowds. The new railroad, made entirely of strong Christian beliefs and with by the Chinese, makes the traveling keen sympathy with missionary ideals. easier and quicker. The center of one The locality which finds most favor field can now be reached in twenty-four is Wuchang, the seat of the vice-regal hours from Canton, whereas it formerly government of the two great provinces took five days. of Hupe and Hunan, with a metropolitan population in three contiguous Fruita of a Revival cities of over two million people. It is a famous seat of Chinese learning The recent revival in the Methodand contains the educational institu- ist Mission in Hinghwa City, China, tions of four leading missionary so- continued for over seven weeks. The cieties. It is also a commercial and remarkable things about the revival geographical center and its mandarin was the steady stream of confessions dialect is understood by all Chinese. of almost every conceivable sin. The following are a few instances: Chinese Home Missions The first confession was made by a Missions in China are no longer Biblical school student. He confest to wholly the work of foreigners, for the smoking tobacco and to having secured Chinese Congregational Missionary $2.20 of "unrighteous money." He gave Society was started by the Christian his tobacco box and the $2.20 to the pas- Chinese at San Francisco in 1884 for tor. A merchant who had been using doing missionary work in the Kwang- morphine to compound pills purporting tung provinces, from which have to cure the opium habit turned over to come most of the Chinese in the the pastor his entire stock of morphine, United States. While independent in valued at $180. Another merchant turned its organization, the society keeps in over his entire stock of cigarets. An old close touch with the A. B. C. F. M., man confest that when a boy he had takes counsel from the American mis- helped his father to bore out the eyes of sionaries, and relies upon them for a a thief who lived in their village. As the certain supervision in both spiritual victim is still living and in great poverty, and financial administration. It has this man resolved to ask his forgiveness one station, five out-stations, one and share his own living with hm. pastor, four evangelists, and one Bible woman, and supports three schools The Record of One Girls' School for boys and two for girls. Its work is most encouraging. The Fu-chau Girls' Boarding- school, the oldest Methodist school Advance in the Canton Region for girls in Asia, celebrates its fif- tieth anniversary thi" year. Some Rev. H. V. Noyes writes in the Her- interesting facts concerning this ald and Presbyter: school have been carefully compiled by Miss Bonafield and Miss Hu, I held communion services at 20 chap- from which the following are culled: els during my trip, and one of the Chinese ministers at three. I found 19 The enrolment for the present term is of our old Fati students at work at these 182, of which 166 are Christians. The different places. There were also some plant consists of four buildings valued Bible women at work who had been edu- at $10,000 gold, and four and one-fifth cated in Canton. Two things imprest acres of land are owned, valued at $5,000 me. One was the number of women who gold. The staff of native teachers conare joining the Church. Twenty-five sists of 4 Chinese professors and 12 inyears ago they were very few. Now, at structors who are graduates of the school. Altho the school was established in 1859, diplomas were first granted in 1888. Since the latter date there have been 117 grad- uates, 4 of whom have gone to Japan for further study, while 5 have been sent to the United States for the same purpose. Eleven of the graduates are physicians;

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

8 are kindergartners; 23 have become with a personal invitation to accept preachers' wives, and 40 are teachers. Christ as a personal Savior from sin. Five are teaching in government schools. Prayer and daily personal work by each Christian in Korea. Third. A Rome'. Work for the Celestial. wide circulation of the Word of God. Pray that a copy of the Word may The first representatives of the be carried to every home and reach Papacy entered China before the every person in Korea with its inclose of the sixteenth century. In fiuence.-Christian Observer. 18IO the numbers are given as 215,- 000. In 1906 the baptized Christians Progress in I!(orea connected with all the Roman Catholic societies together numbered Remarkable results have been 952,935-after sixty-four years of the achieved by the missionaries of the freedom of treaty rights. In 1902 Northern Presbyterian Church. A the communicants of the Protestant worker writes that during eleven churches numbered II2,80S, and the months ending May 31, 1909, there baptized were probably over 200,000. were 6,532 adult baptisms; 23,892 There were 1,773 Roman priests, for- catechumens are on the roll; 87,177 eign and native, in 1906; and the are in Sabbath-schools; there are foreign missionaries, including lay- 120 students for the ministry; and men and ladies, of the other societies the mission has 840 church buildin 1902 were 2,785. ings. The members, numbering 25,- The Growth of Thirty Years 057, gave $80.499 in United States gold. This, considering the small in- For our encouragement it is well come of the Koreans, would mean at to recall some statistics published at least ten times what it would in the Centenary Conference, giving America, or $800,000. some idea of the growth of the Protestant Church in China the past The Korean Presbytery thirty years: Rev. W. B. Harrison writes in the 1876 1906 Christian Observer of the recent an- nual meeting of this body: Missionaries …………. 473 3,833 Stations and sub-stations.. 602 5,734 It was composed of about 12 Korean Ordained native preachers 73 and 30 foreign ministers, and 65 elders. Unordained native preachers 511 345 The average attendance of visitors was Bible women …… , . . . . . . . 90 5,722 equally as large as the number of dele- gates. The new spacious theological Churches …………… 312 894 seminary building furnished an admira- Communicants ……….. 13,035 ble place for this gathering. The meet- Contributions, Chinese silver 178,251 ing throughout was orderly, earnest and spiritual. A very interesting session of the dollars …………….. 9,271 301,263 Presbytery was held in the Central Pres- Number of societies at work 29 82 byterian Church for the ordination of 8 candidates to the full work of the min· KOREA istry. The congregation was limited to 2,000 by the size of the building. In re- "A Million Souls for Christ" ply to an earnest call, one of these or- dained men is to go as an evangelist to This is the watchword adopted, to the Koreans in Russian territory just October 9, 1909, by the general coun- north of Korea, where several groups are cil of the Protestant missionaries in already established. The salary of these Korea at the annual meeting in evangelists is paid by the Korean Church Seoul. This is one soul a month for at large. In the case of the other or- Christ for each of the 80,000 Chris- dained men, the church or group of tians in Korea. churches calling them provide their salaries. Already plans are being made for: First. United prayer by mission- Presbyterian Part of the Harvest aries and Christians for the outpouring on all Christians and upon the At the annual meeting of the unconverted, convincing of sin, of Korea mission, and the twenty-fifth righteousness and judgment. Sec- anniversary of the founding of Protond. A house-to-house visitation

estant mission work in Korea, held have a membership of over 70,000, in the city of Chai Ryong, a few and the church-membership was inmonths since, the key-note which creased last year by over ten per cent. There are nearly 500 ordained was struck in all the exercises Japanese workers and over 600 un- ordained male workers, and over 200 seemed to be "How wonderfully God Bible women. Nearly 100,000 scholhath wrought." are are being taught in more than 1,000 Sabbath-schools. Seyeral of the At the close of this twenty-five larger churches have organized misyears of seed-sowing and harvest sionary societies which are extend- ing the work in Japan, and some of gathering there are in Korea, in them are supporting evangelists in Formosa, Korea, Manchuria and connection with the Presbyterian China. Church, nearly 100,000 Christians, of whom about 25 per cent are baptized An independent, self-supporting, self-propagating church has been bemembers of the Church. gun, which is rapidly gaining in There are 1,000 helpers, colpor- numbers and influence. The Prot- estant Christians gave for Christian teurs and school-teachers, tut these work last year nearly 300,000 yen do not include the army of unpaid ($150,000). There are nearly 4,000 students in Christian boardingleaders and unordained pastors schools. There are also nearly 600 Christian kindergartens and other found in everyone of the more than day-schools where 8,000 students are 1,000 groups. Ninety per cent of the being taught. About 400 students are being trained in the theological paid workers are paid by the Ko- schools, and 250 women are being reans themselves. taught in Women's Bible schools.

JAPAN Japanese as Toilers and Givers Jubilee Celebration According to The Pacific, the Jap- anese church of Seattle, Rev. M. Rev. J. D. Davies writes as fol- Kubushiro pastor, has received during the year 21 members of lows in the Advance: whom IS joined upon confession of faith, making a total membership of The semi-centennial conference in 46. The pastor is a graduate of commemoration of the planting of Prot- Pacific Theological Seminary. Reestant Christianity in Japan was held in cently Mr. Mayagawa, one of the Tokyo, October 5-10. This gathering foremost Congregationalists of Jawas characterized by the utmost harmony pan, addrest a number of meetings and was largely attended, especially by repre- under the auspices of this church, sentatives of the Japanese churches. The filling a large hall with audiences of spiritual tone of the conference was of high Japanese, many of whom had no preorder, and its results will be of great benefit vious interest in ChristIanity. The to the work in Japan. These are, in treasurer of the church raised $600 brief, as follows: 1. The conference from the Japanese of the city for the showed that, with a single exception, the expenses of these meetings. Protestant churches in Japan are one in heart, in aim, and in work. 2. It showed Miss Alice P. Adams, of Okayama, the cordial union and cooperation of the Japan, has recently been presenting Japanese and foreign workers. 3. It will to audiences of Japanese in the cities be a help toward the union and federa- of the Pacific Coast the needs of her tion of the different churches in Japan. social settlement work. She has not 4. It emphasized the greatness of the work yet to be done.

The one great hindrance to the perfect success of the conference was the attitude of the bishops of the American and English Episcopal Church. They united in a communication to the conference to the effect that, as some of them were excluded by the name Protestant, they could not come into any formal relation to it altho they extended brotherly greetings.

Growth of a Half-century There are nearly 600 organized churches, of which more than one- fourth are self-supporting, including the pastor's salary. These churches

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

appealed to the American churches instruction, the number being limited but to the Japanese themselves; and simply by their strength. It is a most they have publicly thanked her for remarkable record. The urgent need is giving them the opportunity to help for a corresponding work among men. in work for their own country. Miss In Tunis the missionary has done effect- Adams secured recognition for her ive work among both Mohammedans and work and a subscription from the Jews, and the women missionaries have Japanese consul in New York, and not only Mohammedan classes for womfrom the Japanese minister to the en and girls, but also access to about United States. 100 Moslem houses. A more promising opening could not be hoped for. But the A Japanese Institution Berbers or Kabyles are the most reach- able Moslem people-being the descend- In acknowledging gifts toward the ants of the early Christians of Africa, largely European in blood and complexsupport of the Kobe Orphanage, Ja- ion. Independent missionaries, poorly equipped and supported and unorganized, pan, sent by readers of The Christian, have yet won remarkable successes. In Mr. Arthur Stanford gives the fol- one station I visited there was a large lowing information: Christian community. I know nothing like it in Mohammedan lands. The Ber- This orphanage is one of many and bers or Kabyles aTe our opportunityvarious indirect results of missionary la- perhaps the key to the Moslem line. bor. It was started by Japanese Chris- There are a number of qualified Christian tians without suggestion from any mis- Kabyles available for employment as sionary, and during the eighteen years of mission agents. its life has been wholly conducted by these Christians. There is a good plant, How Native Christians Give with healthy' location and buildings; there is a small industrial department, where In a recent letter, Rev. A. F. Hena few of the older boys are taught shoemaking; other older boys are apprenticed sey, of the Foreign Christian Missionto various callings. Older girls are placed ary Society, gives the following inin suitable positions. teresting particulars of the liberality There are about 100 orphans in the buildings-many of whom, boys and of the native Christians: girls, are sent regularly to the public schools. The Christians in charge are The Church at Bolenge understands members of the Kumi-ai (Congrega- that giving is as much a "grace" of the tional) Church. Christian as are brotherly love and prayer and charity, and as such must be AFRICA maintained. The members think of noth- ing else but conscientiously consecrating Assiut Presbyterian College to their Savior and Master a proper pro- portion of their entire income, no mat- A recent report states that the ter from what source it may come. A present session has the large attend- gift is shared even as one would share ance of 600 students. The enrol- a blessing with a friend. There is no ment for the last college year, 1908-09, thought of duty in the sense of an was 787; the enrolment of the Press- onerous burden, but they give because ly Institute~the school for women they feel that it is the only proper way -was 315, making the enrolment and relationship to their Father. for the two schools I,I02, and the indications are that the enrolment Cannibal Now a Preacher for 1909-10 will exceed that of last year. The faculty consists of 27 Royal J. Dye, a medical missionmembership, 14 Americans and 13 Egyptians. Of these the permanent ary of the Disciple foreign board, at American staff now consists of 5 members. work in the Kongo Free State, re- Methodists Work in Algeria lates a story of conversion which is Rev. E. F. Frease reports: worthy to be bound up with the most brilliant chapters of "modern Our women missionary workers in Al- miracles" in non-Christian lands. geria have some 150 French and 150 Kabyle women and girls under regular Bonjolongo, the head of an impor- tant family in one of the most blood- thirsty of the Kongo tribes, served seven years in the native troops of King Leopold. Participant in many of the "puni-

tive raids" ordered by Leopold's of- The Quick and Powerful Word ficials against towns that did not pay the tax, Bonjolongo was especially Kagoma, a native Christian at Luprominent as a leader in the expedi- anza, in the Kongo Free State, can tion against the village of 1saka, be- explain his conversion only in the cause the people there were heredi- quaint words, "I was startled to find tary foes of his own tribe. The raid that Christ could speak Chiluba on that town gave him opportunity (Kagoma's native tongue). I heard to execute a vengeance, that he had Him speak out of the printed page been taught to cherish from child- just as surely as a white man can hood. He feasted gluttonously off hear his father or mother speaking the bodies of his dead enemies. to him in a letter thousands of miles away." When Bonjolongo had served his time in the military levy, he returned While attending the missionary to his own village, and there for the school Kagoma received a copy of first time heard the message of Jesus the Gospel according to John, in his Christ, preached in 1njolo by itin- own language. As he became too erants from Dr. Dye's station at big for the elementary school, he Bolenge. Curiosity led him to visit went his way in sin, but he clung to Bolenge. When he found that he his Gospel as a fetish. Speedily he could not tempt away the native was becoming the usual bleared-of- Christians there to take up the old eye negro in whose unhallowed hut heathen practises again, he was so Jesus Christ is the Great Unmentionimprest that he paid more and more able, but he was reckoning without heed to the Gospel, and finally with God and without the Word of God, his whole heart accepted It. which is not bound, and to which he continued to cling, and which he read. Returning forthwith to his home One day the assertive call, "Follow town, he amazed his neighbors by me!" came from its page to the sinfreeing his slaves, renouncing his stricken heathen. God stared at him plural wives and redeeming at great from every page and shouted in his cost the little daughter whom he ears, until at last, by the power of had sold to be the slave wife of a the Holy Spirit, the simple word of chief-sacrifices that wiped out his God brought about his conversion. wealth. Then he preached to his fellow villagers so earnestly that a An African College Graduate great number of them embraced the faith and joined him in building a Twenty years ago Miss Elizabeth chapel. McNeill, a Methodist missionary at Cape Palmas, Liberia, was the means Opening of the Cairo Y. M. C. A. of rescuing a young woman of the Grebo tribe from a cruel death. The A branch of the Y. M. C. A. was woman was converted and was bapopened in Cairo, Egypt, a short time tized with her baby girl, whom she ago. Its rules and regulations will later entrusted to Miss McNeill with be, as closely as possible, those of the request that the child be trained the Central Y. M. C. A., and the for Christian service. usual activities will be carried on. The membership is confined at pres- Bralah, as she was called, made a ent to men of British and American brief visit to this country in 1892, nationality. The National Council when she was three years old, but of the Y. M. C. A., London, has ap- speedily returned to Liberia and repointed a full-time secretary for mained in the mission until 18g6, organizing the work, who will pro- when she was brought again to this ceed to Cairo at once. The rooms country. After four years in the are at 29, Charia Abd-el-Aziz, in a public schools in Philadelphia, she conveniently central position. went to 1nhambane, Portuguese East Africa, for two years, during

· 1910] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

which her education was continued sionary papers call attention to this under the care of the missionaries. increase of Roman Catholic workers, Then she returned to the United because on account. of the well-de- States and attended the High School fined policy of that Church it threatin Monrovia, Cal., and finally en- ens already existing Protestant mistered the University of Southern sions to a large extent. California, from which she received her degree a short time ago. The Fight Against the Sleeping-sickness in Africa Her case is cited by her instructors as "big with promise for those who The Berlin Missionary Society has believe in a future for the negro received a peculiarly valuable and race." She herself has exprest the most suitable gift. Professor Schillopinion that with the same advan- ing, the great medical authority, has tages which she has enjoyed, and presented to it the manuscript of a with the same tender, loving care as treatise concerning the fatal sleepwas bestowed upon her by her ing-sickness, its origin, prevention, friends, the whole Grebo tribe might and cure. The treatise is to be be changed in a single generation. printed in the missionary printing establishment, and copies are to be Henry Henderson Institute at Blantyre sent to every missionary of the so- An interesting ceremony took ciety in Nyasa, Africa, because the place one day last August, at the fearful disease has been discovered Blantyre Mission of the Church of upon the English shore of Lake Ny- Scotland, which is located in the asa also. God grant that a remedy Shire region, south of Lake Nyasa. for it will be soon discovered. Mrs. Bruce, daughter of the great missionary explorer David Living- ISLANDS OF THE SEA stone, laid the foundation-stone of the Henry Henderson Institute. The A Hero in Life and in Death Institute is to provide facilities for the higher education of native young Says the Interior: men connected with the mission, and it is named after Henry Henderson, Captain A. C. Walkup, the missionary who selected Blantyre so wisely for sailor of the South Seas, who died of the site of that important and re- exposure endured during twenty-two days markably successful mission. Mrs. of drifting in an open boat after his ves- Bruce met with a warm welcome on sel, the Hiram Bingham, was wrecked in this her first visit to the scene of her a storm, was a country preacher in Illifather's explorations. nois twenty years ago. He gave up his charge in order to go out under the Roman Catholic Missionary Zeal American Board as a missionary in the islands of the South Pacific, in a region The German Colonial News reports where mails came and went only once a that the steamer Herzog alone year. His wife died after some years, landed 36 missiona.ry laborers in the and he came back to America with his end of August ill German East three little children, but as soon as he had Africa. Of these four only were found a home for them, he hurried away Protestants, the others all being to his voluntary exile again, far too shy Roman Catholic reenforcements. to accept the many invitations that came The four Protestants, nine priests to him to stay and lecture in the churches and eight nuns went to Kilindini, on his work. The Board made him cap- British East Africa; two priests and tain first of the Morning Star and then of one lay-worker went to Dar es Sa- the Hiram Bingham. But his promotion lam, in German East Africa, and the did not make him a whit more able to other ten priests and two nuns were talk about himself. He still went on his destined for Chinde, Portuguese quiet way, sailing from one to another East Africa. Well may German mis- of the myriad islands. Thousands of the natives he knew by name, and he treated them with a genuine personal brotherli- ness. The story of how heroically he cared for his black crew during these ter- rible three weeks adrift, saving at length all lives but his own, will remain for many a generation one of the most noble stories of missionary martyrdom.

Opium Prohibited in the Philippine. scientific research with regard to them.

The spectacle of a nation renoun- Thus he was a valuable and induscing a large revenue on moral grounds has been before the Eastern trious member of the committee of world for more than a year. The ;,merican Government has prohib- the British aAnsdiaFtiocreSigoncieBtyib,leaSnodcietthy~ Ited absolutely the traffic in opium the Royal in the Philippine Islands, and made its use in any form a crime, and the Royal Geographical Society. possession of it by any person a crime. At the same time, the medi- Mr. Cust's services in India were cal use is safeguarded by stringent laws that do not allow indulgence in especially distinguished, and his stedthe drug. This prohibition of opium has now been· in force long enough fast declaration of his faith in the to make it interesting to our readers to know some of the results. In- L?r~ Jesus Christ was a great aid to quiry from reliable sources shows that the law is enforced, that prohi- mmiIssssiIoonnearryofefAfomrtr.itsaOrn, che~ when combition is absolute, and that Ameri- publicly atcan officials in the Philippine Islands have succeeded in largely stamping tended the baptism of several conout the habit, and they are determined to prevent opium entering the verts. The Calcutta Government Islands by smuggling. called him to order for it, but he boldly So it can be said without fear of contradiction that the opium traffic and successfully vindicated his Chris- tian right to be present.

During the closing years of his life he was closely connected with the work of administration of missions, and be- came a vice-president of the C. M. S.

Committee and a member of the Lon- don J~ws Society Committee, at the sa:n~ tIme always ready to help other ~Isslons ~lso. He had a large share m managmg the General Missionary Conferences of 1877 and 1888.

in the Philippine Islands has been Rev. W. T. Gidney, of London supprest, or, at least, is classed as extra hazardous, and is on a par with The cause of Jewish evangelization dealing in illicit firearms. That such lost one of its ablest and most eloquent results have been obtained is cause advocates when Rev. William Thomas for congratulation to the United Gidney died in London on October II States Government. Would that the 1909. He was only fifty-six years of British Government took a similar a,ge, and for exactly one-half of that stand with reference to the opium time he was connected with the secretraffic, but in India Government has tariat of the London Jews Society. the monopoly of its manufacture. It Graduated in 1875 from Jesus ColleO'e will hav.e fi:st to rid itself of being Cambridge, he held the curacies bof accomplIce 111 the fact before it can several congregations of the Church make the traffic illegal.-Indian Wit- of England until he became deputaness. tIon secretary of the London Jews So- ciety in 1881. Soon he became asso- OBITUARY ciation secretary, then assistant secre- Dr. Robert Cud, of England tary, until in 1900 he was appointed secretary, which office he held until The news of the death of Robert his death.

Needham Cust evokes the feeling that ~r. Gidney. was a very quiet and a truly great man has fallen, He was se!'lOus ~an, dIfficult to get acquainted a wonderful linguist, for he had a WIth, as It seemed to the writer when working knowledge of eight European he. first met him. But he was a 'loyal and eight Asiatic languages. His fnend, whenever he gave his friend- great works on the languages of Af- ship, a true Christian, and tireless in rica and the languages of the East his abundant labors for the Master in Indies laid the foundation of modern the sphere of missionary activity to which he had been called. He was an faltered in her work of love and aid earnest student of the Jewish problem, till the Bishop died. Since then she of sound judgment, and of great his- has lived with her daughter in Japan. torical knowledge as far as Jewish missions are concerned. He was in- Charles N. Crittenton, of New York tensely loyal to his Church and to his society, of which loyalty his many The founder of seventy-three Florbooks bear abundant testimony. His ence Crittenton Rescue Homes and latest and most important work was Missions for Girls all over the world, "The History of the London Jews Charles N. Crittenton, died of pneu- Society from Its Foundation in 1809 monia on November 16, seventy-six to Its Centenary." Vve noticed and years of age. After the death of his praised it in our columns at the time youngest child, Florence, in 1882, Mr. of its appearance. Others of his Crittenton, who had built up a large books are, "Missions to Jews," "Sites wholesale drug business in New York, and Scenes," "At Home and Abroad," decided to devote himself to evangelisand "Jews and their Evangelization," tic work and spend his entire time in which all will continue to prove help- endeavoring to better the condition of ful and stimulating to the student and unfortunate girls. He spent the next the friend of Jewish missions. four years in night work in the slums of New York, but, after a trip to the We have scarcely ever met a Gen- Holy Land to strengthen his broken tile Christian who understood the health, he visited all the larger cities difficulties and hindrances of the work in the world, studying the condition of evangelization among the Jews as of the poor and finding out their needs. well as Mr. Gidney did. He was al- A chain of more than seventy rescue ways seeking to remove the hin- homes and missions in various cities drances, to overcome the obstacles, here and abroad, all bearing the name and to enlarge the work. Under his of Florence Crittenton, was started guidance, by the blessing of God, the and the National Florence Crittenton work of the London Jews Society has Mission was incorporated. The homes prospered, while his influence was ben- are for mothers, children, and helpless eficial to the work of Jewish missions girls. There are two in New York in general. His death will be felt by City, one in San Francisco, one in the cause at large, and our sympathy Tokyo, one in Shanghai, one in Mexgoes out to the London Jews Society ico City, and so on in the big cities. in an especial manner, as its chief About five years ago Mr. Crittenton counselor has entered into rest. purchased a private car and fitted it up as a home for himself and co- Mrs. Schereschewsky, of Japan workers, making a tour of visiting the different missions scattered across the The widow of Bishop Schereschew- continent twice a year. While he was sky died in Japan on August 20, 1909· on such a tour of inspection, he caught Miss Susan M. Waring went to China a bad cold in San Francisco. Pneuas a missionary of the Protestant Epis- monia developed and quickly ended his copal Church in 1867, and two years useful life. later became the wife of Rev. Schereschewsky, who was then just Inspector Rappard, of St. Chrischona commencing his great life-work of translation. To him she was a true The Pilgrim Mission of St. Chrishelpmate indeed. Through the long chona, Switzerland, suffered the loss years of his practical helplessness she of its inspector, C. H. Rappard, on supported and cheered his efforts. All September 20. Born in 1837, he was his private letters were written by her educated in St. Chrischona and in and he frequently mentioned her de- Edinburgh and, after brief missionary voted cooperation. Altho nearly blind activity in Alexandria and Cairo, befor the past seven years, she never came director of Chrischona in 1868. HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN (A). study, both theoretical and practical, By Otis Cary, D.D. 2 vols. Illustrated which are connected with such an in- 8vo, 800 pp. $2. SO, net, each. Fleming stitution. This book contains from H. Revell Co., New York. 1909. eighty to ninety papers, prepared by almost as many writers, and covering Here is a monumental work. It is a wide range of themes, from Semitic an achievement worthy of a man who philology and Oriental archeology, for thirty years has wrought in Japan through the various departments of as a missionary field. Dr. Cary has Biblical study, modern church creeds, spared no pains to give to the public politics, pUlpit and pastoral activity, a careful, candid and exhaustive his- worship, the Sunday-school and young tory of mission work in the Sunrise people's societies, schools, colleges, the Kingdom, and incidentally he has fur- press and its products, the family and nished no small part of the history of social life, home and foreign misthe Island Empire itself. sions, etc. It is in its way encyclo- pedic. Of these two volumes, the first is given to Roman Catholic and Greek Where scores of writers contribute Orthodox missions, and the second to on a vast variety of topics, neither Protestant. The whole work em- unity of sentiment on their part, nor uniformity of acceptance on that of braces nearly 800 pages. When we readers could be expected. Some began to read it, it was not without views, here embodied, are very radical, apprehension of finding it somewhat others equally conservative; some tedious, if only from length, and a re- flavored with extreme "higher crithearsal largely of familiar facts, for icism," and others moderate, reverent, Japan's last half-century at least, has devout and practical. not been hid in a corner. But, despite all that has previously been written THE MISSIONARY MANIFESTO. By Rev. G. Campbell Morgan, D.D. 12mo, 157 pp. on Japan by so many gifted pens, we 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., found Dr. Cary to have the rare gift New York. 1909. of clothing much that is old with a new charm, beside bringing to light This is an able exposition of the much that is novel and valuable. great commission of Christ to His dis- dples. Dr. Morgan analyzes the The work is, in a way, an encyclo- words of the Master found in the pedia of the subject it treats, and, so four Gospels and discusses the funfar as we have yet examined, we have damental principles of missions confound these volumes classic in style tained in them-the authority of the and comprehensive in matter, charita- King, the evangel to creation, the bly generous, and judicially impartial, witnesses, the remission of sins and while the author shows exceptional !he resource and responsibility. Here IS an unanswerable statement of the talent in making his narrative spec- duty _of the Church to conduct worldtacular and pictorial in vividness. It wide missions. A pastor who folis not only a great work of reference, lows the argument must of necessity but makes exceptionally delightful become a missionary advocate. The reading.. . cure for lack of interest in world- wide work is a closer fellowship with All lovers of missions will wish to Christ. read Dr. Cary's work, and especially those who are interested in that re- THE ORIGINAL RELIGION OF CHINA. By markabk nation that, more than any Jo~n Ross, D.D. 8vo, 327 pp. Ss, net. other in the Orient, has during the last half-century made mighty strides for- Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier Edinward toward the leadership of Asia. burgh. 1909. '

RECENT CHRISTIAN PROGRESS. By Lewis In the popular mind Confucianism Bayles Paton. Macmillan Co., N. Y. is looked upon as the religion of China-tho it is in reality not a re- The seventy-fifth anniversary of Hartford Theological Seminary suggested a series of papers on recent developments in those departments of ligion but a system of ethics. Dr. Ross commends most highly the Yale and treats of the early religion which pre- Pennsylvania missions as giving unvailed in China centuries before Con- limited opportunity for influence. The fucius and which forms the basis of five millions spent in missionary work their religious ideas. It is the most each year is held by the author to be ancient religion of which there is any a very small return for the trade which trace-The Chinese ruler Fu Hi ante- Europe and America enjoy with China. dating Noah and the flood by five centuries. The early religion, as it The notes on missionary work are was developed three thousand years few but friendly, for the purpose of ago, gives the first clear idea of their the book is not to show what the religious beliefs. The people wor- Chinese need or what is being done shiped and offered sacrifice to the for them, but to show what the Lord of Heaven-the one and Su- Chinese are in character, surroundings preme God. They believed in demons and customs. and spirits, subject to God, and trusted in the care of an intelligent, just, all- FIFTY YEARS IN CONSTANTINOPLE. By wise, benevolent and almighty provi- George Washburn, D.D., LL.D. Illusdence. They used no idols or images trated, 8vo, 317 pp. $3.00, net. Houghin worship; there was one temple ded- ton, Mifflin Co., Boston. 1909. icated to the worship of ancestors, but none dedicated to the worship of God. Dr. Washburn's history throws a An altar to God could be erected any- flood of light on many features of the where. There were no special priests, situation in Constantinople and the goodness was enjoined and wickedness "storm center" of Europe. Probably denounced. Prayer was made not for no living man is better qualified to pardon but for guidance and for fu- write on Robert College than the reture favors. There was a belief in cent president, who resided in the future rewards and punishments, and Turkish metropolis for nearly hal£ a a heavenly life in the presence of God. century. He has known the college from its foundation. The description Here is no evidence of an upward of Constantinople and the story of evolution of religion in China but Turkish history are merely the backrather a subsequent decay. The book ground of the picture and story of is a distinct contribution to the study the colIege. of comparative religion. In a seventeen-page introduction, THE CHINESE. By John Stuart Thomp- Dr. Washburn gives a brief history of son. Illustrated. Maps. 8vo, 441 pp. the progress of events in Turkey' dur- $2.50, net. Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indian- ing the past fifty years and points out apolis. 1909. their influence on the recent revolu- tion. For sixteen centuries Constan- We know of no very recent book tinople has been an imperial cityon China that is of more general in- first, as the chief city of Christendom; terest in its range of topics and that and now, for nearly five hundred at the same time is of such real value years, the capital of the Moslem world. as an introduction to the study of the In the last half-century it has changed Chinese. Mr. Thompson describes from a free, easy-going city of the the daily life, the humor, the politics, Orient to a commercial center with the art and literature, commerce and modern bondage and bustle. In the business, diseases, superstitions and last fifty years the Young Turks have religions of the Chinese. grown in power and American mis- sionaries have brought in new ideas of Mr. Thompson looks upon the r~­ education. This period has been full mission of the Boxer indemnity on the of changes, with bloodshed, riot, part of America as a move of un- tyranny, oppression. A tribute is paid usual brilliance on account of its in- to the ability and energy of the late fluence on China in welcoming Amer- Sultan, Abdul Hamid, while his selfish, ican trade and education. He also cruel and oppressive spirit is recog- CHILDREN OF INDIA. By Janet Harvey Kelman. Illustrated, 12mo, 9S pp. Is, nized. 6d, net. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, The history of Robert College is Edinburgh. 1909.

remarkable and full of interest. It MISSIONARY HEROES IN AFRICA. By John C. Lambert, M.A., D.D. Illustrated, was founded and built up by strategy 12mo, 155 pp. 75 cents, net. J. P. Lippinand perseverance and, for its size, has cott Co., Philadelphia. 1909. few equals for influence on history. THE SPIRIT OF YOUTH AND THE CITY Here have been trained manv of the STREETS. By Jane Addams. 12mo, 162 pp. $1.25, net. Macmillan Company, leaders in Turkey and the neighboring New York. 1909.

countries-Greece, Egypt, Bulgaria, THE CLOISTl:R BOOK. For Shut-in Wor- shipers and Pastorless Congregations. Rumania. The recent bequest of By David James Burrell, D.D., LL.D. Frontispiece, 12mo, 340 pp. $1.00. $1,500,000 by John S. Kennedy will American Tract Society, New York. mean a useful increase in their equip- 190;>.

ment. HELEN E. MOSES, OF THE CHRISTIAN WOM- AN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS. By Jasper T. NEW BOOKS Moses. Frontispiece, 12mo, 192 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New TURKEY IN TRANSITION. By G. F. Abbott. York. 1909. 8vo. Longmans, Green & Co., New York. 1909. CHILDREN OF CHINA. By Colin Campbell Brown. Illustrated, 12mo, 96 pp. Is, 6d, IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND. An Account of net. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, a Journey into Tibet, Capture by the Edinburgh. 1909. Tibetan Lamas and Soldiers; Imprison- ment, Torture and Ultimate Release. PAMPHLETS By A. Henry Savage Landor. 8vo, $3.00. Harper & Bros., New York. 1909. A MODERN PENTECOS,T IN SOUTH CHINA. By William Nesbit Brewster. Introduction LABRADOR-THE COUNTRY AND THE PEOPLE. by Wilson S. Lewis. Illustrated, 56 pp. By Wilfred R. Grenfell. 8vo, $2.25. Single copy 12 cents. Ten for $1.00. Macmillan Company, New York. 1909. Mrs. W. N. Brewster, 64 William Street, Delaware, Ohio. 1909. AROUND AFGHANISTAN. By Major de Bouil- lane de Lacoste. 8vo. D. Appleton & THINKING ABOVE WHAT Is WRITTEN, OR, Co., New York. 1909. THE EXALTATION OF HUMAN WISDOM ABOVE THE WORD OF GOD. By I. M. Hal- NATIVE LIFE IN EAST AFRICA. By Dr. deman, D.D. 30 pp. Ten cents. Karl Weule. 8vo. D. Appleton & Co., Charles C. Cook, 150 Nassau Street, New York. 1909. New York. 1909.

THE CRIME OF THE KONGO. By A. Conan THE NEW RELIGION; OR, ATHENIAN CUL- Doyle. 12mo. Donbleday, Page & Co., TURE AND CHRISTIANITY. By I. M. Halde- New York. 1909. man, D.D. 30 pp. 10 cents. Charles C. Cook, 150 Nassau Street, New York. THE HISTORY OF CASTE IN INDIA. By Shrid- 1909. har V. Ketkar. 12mo. Taylor & Car- penter, Ithaca, N. Y. 1909. THE KINGDOM OF GOD. By Rev. Joseph K. Greene, D.D. 31 pp. Joseph K. Greene, GANGAI'S PILGRIMAGE. By Rev. A. C. Clay- D.D., Constantinople, Turkey. 1909. ton. 2s, 6d. Robert Culley, London. MISSIONS CHILDREN-THEIR TEACHERS AND 1909. FRIENDS. By William C. Griggs, M.D. My TRAVELS IN NORTHWEST RHODESIA. By Illustrated, 57 pp. Baptist Forward Movement for Missionary Education, Rev. G. E. Butt. Edwin Dalton, Lon- Philadelphia. 1909. don. 1909. OUT OF THE DARKNESS. By Andrew D. IN TOUCH WITH CHINA'S SCHOLARS. By Stewart. 3s, 6d. Religious Tract So- Wm. Wilson, M.B., C.M. Illustrated, ciety, London. 1909. 24 pp. 6d, net. China Inland Missions, THE STORY OF ISLAM. By Theodore R. W. Newington Green, N., London. 1909. Lunt. Is, 6d, net. Church Missionary Society, London. 1909. IN TOUCH WITH CHINA'S SCHOLARS. Sup- LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE UNDER THREE plement. Illustrated, 11 pp. China In- CZARS. Struggle for Religious Liberty land Missions, London. 1909. in Russia, 1856-1909. By Robert Sloan Latimer. Cloth. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1909. THE LIVING CHRIST AND DYING HEATHEN- ISM. Translated from the third Ger- man edition by Nell Buchanan. 8vo, cloth. $1.75, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1909.