The Missionary Review of the World — November 1931

THOUSANDS OF VILLAGES WER}: FLOODED IN

lINlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIIIIIII_IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'I_ _IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIII_!II TheyAre Thanking God Because they were CURED o/LEPROSY and are now happily attending school, preparing for lives of useful service.

To Save Such as These Are Not Such Lives Worth Sa(ling? The American Mission to Lepers, cooperating with governments and all churches, is helping to maintain 150 Leper Homes in 40 countries- But There Is Desperate Need to extend these healing benefits to all lepers.

JUST A LITTLE FROM YOU will help stretch forth the hand of mercy to those who are still hope- less outcasts.

WHAT YOUR American Mission to Lepers, Inc. Room 1119K, 156 Fifth Ave., DOLLARS WILL DO: New York $40-Complete care of a I enclose $ to help save a leper's leper for a year. life.

$30-The same for a leper Name child. Address $10-Medical treatments for two years, suf- o Please send information regarding ficient to cure an "early" case. your annuity plan.

$5-Food for a leper for two months.

$3-A pair of blankets.

Please mention THE M]SSIO:AR¥ REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writine to advertisers. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DIILAVAN L. PIIlBBON, Editor CONTENTS-November, 1931 Paue WHOM SHALL WE SEND …..•…..

••.•••••••.•••••• • PAUL W. HARRISON 805 A MINISTER OF HEALING …..•….

• •.•••••••••••••• SAMUEL GUY INMAN 81:!

~IIAI,L WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CORNEJ,ruS H. I'A'rTux H1U THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFER· ENCE •••.•..••. DAVID MCCONAUGHY k19 'l'HE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH ……. EDGAR lIf. WAHLBERG 822 A MINISTER SOLVES UNEMPLOy· MENT …………….. . . . .. . .. . .. 826 HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS …• · ……………… ADELA J. BALLARD 827 HOW MISSIONARIES USE THE RADIO outstanding • •••••••••••••••••• HUBijRT W. PEET 882 TOt:lRIST CABIN THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JA· PAN …………. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA 836 when you …

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Editorial and Bualne•• 081ce, 156 Fifth Avenue, ORiEnT New York City ."SC… World'. Oreaten Trayel Entered as second·cIass matter at the Post 081ce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 8. 1879.

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African Stories narrative. The West African Mis- sion has been at work in the Stories, legends, poems "No one who wishes to Cameroun for a hundred years, and old and new, scraps of understand ·Africa and a goodly portion of his engrossing verse, proverbs, transla- its problems' can afford and informative book has to do tions and ancient folk- to neglect these folk- with the details of Mr. Wheeler's lore concerning the tales."-So1lth Africa. journey to the scenes of its work. Sunrise Kingdom. Illus- Illustrated. $1.75 Illustrated. $3.00 trated. $1.50 FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, 158 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THE l!ISSIO:ARY REVIEW OF THE 'VORLn in writini: to adv~rti8er8. China Inlall(l :Ii:s~ioll Statioll, Chellg;yaugkwan, Anhwei. The Muiu Street. Passahle Only by Vndillg, by Swimmillg', or hy Rnfr.

LIV. No.n November

WHOM SHALL WE SEND;.?.'

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE~E is no subject of great- discuss it here. Preparation is er I~portance ~or all who seventy-five per cent of the reason . a;e mterested. m carrying for success or the failure, and re- ChrIst s message out mto the dark ceives little attention, whereas the place~ of the earth, than that of the technical and intellectual training s~lectI?n and pre!>aration of mis- which counts for twenty-five per SlOnarieS for servIce. cent, receives almost all the atten- As we have said, the object of tion. Here we will discuss the missionary work is to produce a other factors in preparation.

spiritual result over in Japan and The object of missionary work China and India and Arabia and is to go out and put Christ into other fields. Therefore it is most men's hearts, the hearts of those important to discuss the way to ;-vho are now preoccupied with prepare for the spiritual work that Idols of extraordinary strength, lies ahead. Technical theological ~~o are at present devotees of re- training is not ninety per cent of hglOUS systems that hold them with what is necessary for success out a tenacity that is very difficult to there, nor even fifty per cent. That represent. Missionary work is not is true of pedagogical 01' medical easy work-not because the clitraining too. Technical prepara- mate ~s bad, or health conditions tion is of importance and we should are dIfficult, but because we are prepare for the best possible work dealing with men whose hearts are but, nevertheless, we go out to th~ occupied by some other god. The mission fields first of all to bring people are .amalgamated into sysmen to Christ and to bring Christ te?Is. It IS not as though you to men. For the accomplishment trIed to shovel pebbles out of a of that purpose, all that we learn loose pile. With most of the peo- in classrooms here is less than fifty pIe among whom we work, for in- per cent of what makes for suc- stance: in Arabia, in the castes of cess or for failure over there. India, and in China, it is as though Important as this matter is, I there ~as been. liquid cement do not think that, within the last poured mto that.pIle. of pebbles and five years, it has been discussed in they are held lIke Iron; you can any convention or any course of hardly ~et more t~an a few of them study in any institution with which loose wIth dynamIte. r r am acquainted, as am going to ton• TSheemilnaasrty,ofFeabrsuearireys, of lectures ILt Prince· 1981, SOS

On the mission field we work do it? The people that God wants against spiritual forces of extraor- out there, and nobody else. While dinary power. We do not just go we ought to urge men to think out there to wheel baby carriages about the mission field and to go up and down the street; we work out if God wants them, we ought against very powerful systems, and also to urge them to stay at home because of that we should recog- unless they are convinced God nize that the work is exceedingly wants them to go out there. The difficult. That adds force to the first element in our preparation is statement that we go out there to an unshakable conviction that God do a spiritual work. Multi-million- wants us to work out there. That aires might go there together and is not saying how God will guide could not produce one convert with us to such a conviction. We are all their money. We need money, not looking for an audible voice or but we need other things a great a supernatural miracle, but for an deal more. A wonderful piece of unshakable conviction that God acarchitecture may, in a way, ob- tually calls us to the field. That jectify the beauty of holiness and is, to my mind, an indispensable the essential loveliness of the char- element in the equipment of any acter of God, but in a place like missionary who goes out with any Arabia a building of that kind expectation or hope of success in would contribute nothing to our the spiritual work that God desires spiritual ends. to have accomplished.

Stay at Home, Unless- The second element in mission- ary preparation is an adequate What preparation should we get surrender to God's will. We enter to fit us for the work that lies into the Kingdom of God by surahead? First of all we must, of rendering ourselves to Christ, but course, be sincere Christians, but we sometimes forget that we need if we are such, how can we prepare divine grace for a continued surfor this particular work to which render. It is not sufficient to surthe Lord has called us? render today and sail out to Arabia next week. We must continually The first thing to be said is that surrender in Arabia for the next a man or woman ought not to go thirty-five years, or as long as God out into Arabia or India as a mis- keeps us there. sionary until he is convinced that the Lord wants him there. In the This second task is even more old days there may have been a difficult than the first. There are very superficial discussion of what plenty of temptations in a country constitutes a missionary call, as of that kind, especially temptations though it must be a rather super- that attack us along the line of natural manifestation. But there pride. My experience has included is some truth in that. Here is no one who has been tangled up work of exceptional difficulty and in the ordinary temptations of the of exceptional importance. The flesh. though such occur. Prob- Church of Jesus Christ is to be ably you would not be attacked on founded. We are to go out and that side. but everyone is apt to be make disciples of Christ. No work assailed by subtle temptations to in the world is comparable to that pride. It is this that wrecks us in in importance. Who is to go and Christian service nine times out of

ltl:!l] WHOM SHALL WE SEND'!

ten, The temptation comes in find the lists coincide almost with- more than one way. Here is a out any variation. Our success on woman who is offended and will the mission field will depend very not speak to her missionary col- largely upon our capacity to work.

league. What is the matter? Yes- Doctors are open to great criticism terday when other people were in- because we have felt the pulse of vited, she was left out. Her whole missionaries so much and listened impression is probably wrong but to their heart and worried about she was so offended that it took the their health until we have taught active effort of the other party to the missionary body to be afraid heal the wound, It took patience lest they work too hard. More peo- and humility and submission to un- ple come back nervously broken kindness to straighten the matter down from too little work than out. We need to be prepared for from too much. What is a stand- a continual surrender out there. ard? Why not take the common Here is a doctor. How is he go- everyday standard? A little while ing to spend his time? Will he sit ago somebody was throwing a down to do personal work with the brick at the laboring man in Amer- patients, or do some piece of lab- ica because he wanted to do less oratory wor~ which will give him a than an eight-hour day's work.

bit of reputation? This fame When we work for the Lord, let us looks like a -gorgeous jewel. He not have a standard of diligence can do this work and thereby gain that is less than the standard of a reputation; he can get back a an ordinary carpenter or electri- little that he surrendered when cian. Let the eight-hour day be he went to the field. the minimum, but not necessarily Our power in the Lord's service the maximum. I think you would is going to depend upon the depth find that many ministers would of our surrender. The difference have hard work checking up between a man who has about a against that plumb line. Most of tenth of one horsepower in his us are so afraid we will overwork, spiritual life and that other man that we let half an hour go this who has fifty horsepower, is simply way and half an hour that way to a question of the depth to which no purpose.

his surrender has reached. One of our best clergymen in Afraid of Overwork Arabia told me that he had to in- crease his activities a good deal to Now let us pass on to some reach eight actual hours at his job.

things more specific. How ean I In addition to our eight hours at prepare to be the right sort of mis- our job we will put extra time on sionary? We can train ourselves correspondence and articles for to work hard. The most plebian home papers and other accessory sin in this world is the sin of lazi- stuff as we would if we were work- ness. It is also the most common. ing over here for the Telephone If you could make a list of mission- Company. That is hard work, but aries and classify them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, unless we can do an honest day's on the basis of their capacity for work, we need not expect the hard work at their job, and later Lord's blessing. If our mission- classify them as God judges accom- aries would work eight full hours plishment, I believe that you would a day at the job of bringing the

Gospel message to one individual In our Bahrein hospital we de- soul after another, we would begin cided to experiment. As we take to have more results. That eight down the history of a case, noting hours belongs to the Lord, it be- every day the treatment and reac- longs to the church that sent us tion, so we decided to keep a spir- out, it belongs to those church itual history of all the patients.

members who have sacrificed to We wrote down what kind of Mo- support us. It is very important hammedans they were, and how that outside our work hours we much contact they had had with maintain our touch with friends at Christ's truth-which was mostly home, if we want to retain those none. Then we treated them with friends. various kinds of spiritual medicine.

There are many things that help We tried the dogmatic and system- us save time and energy. A filing atic presentations of the Gospel; . cabinet is worth its weight in gold. God's holiness and man's sin and A half hour spent with an account- the need for a Saviour. We tried ant or in a business office, or with the historical presentation, the some stenographer can teach us prophesies about Christ and His methods and filing systems that life and death and resurrection.

will save days of work. It is worth We tried the parables, and then we while. Reduce the time spent in sometimes used to open the New accessory activity so that you have Testament at random. Each day eight hours left for the honest the results were put down. On work of bringing Christ into con- January 5th Adela was given the tact with men that need Him. parable of the prodigal. Did he A Clear Message like it? Did he understand it Z Did it make him angry? Did he If the first element in the suc- go to sleep? What did happen to cess of a missionary is his capacity him? That was all put down on the to work, then the second element record. We tried to treat every is a flexible and growing message. patient almost every day. So at Perhaps I tread upon treacherous the end of the year we had some ground in this part of the discus- interesting records to study.

sion, but I believe in the Gospel of We could only discover one as- our Lord Jesus Christ. We need to pect of the Gospel that had any study the people among whom we great appeal upon its first presen- work so that we' can present it tation, and that is the mystical as- most effectively. pect of the Gospel-the vine and The people in these lands find it the branches, the bread of life, and, difficult to understand Christ's most of all, the good shepherd.

message. Suppose I stand up and Thereafter we used that almost al- say, "Believe on the Lord Jesus ways as our initial presentation.

Christ and thou shalt be saved." "The Living Christ and Dying Those to whom I am talking do not Heathenism," by Dr. Warneck of know what I mean by "believe." the South Sea Islands reports that They have never heard of the Lord out there they found the best in- Jesus Christ. They have not the itial presentation to be the an- faintest conception of what it nouncement that those who believe means to be saved. So we seek a in Christ need not be afraid of evil simpler presentation. spirits. That is the initial presen-

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

tation that really penetrates deep ample and work than a man has enough to be understood and ap- when he leaves the seminary. We preciated a little. The search for must have not only a flexible and a that point of contact will continue growing message but we must have as long as you are on the field. a growing understanding of Christ I remember being faced with the and His teachings for ourselves.

problem of preaching on the street I despair of any missionary be- in Bahrein which had been for- ing able to handle the situation bidden. As we took our dispensary that he meets out in Arabia, at work to different villages, we least, unless his own devotional Bi- found that at the end of the morn- ble study reveals now and then ing's work there was half an hour great magnificent jewels of truth or an hour, as we sat out next to never dreamed of before. A man the road, when a crowd of fifty to who sees no more in Christ's teach- a hundred people gathered. I used ings at the end of ten years after to open my reading with that verse his graduation here than he saw in the Sermon on the Mount: when he was graduated is no man "Lay not up for yourselves treas- for missionary work. We need the ures where moth and rust consume vitality and the freshness that we and where. thieves break through get if our own comprehension is and steal." It was a surprise to fresh and vital and growing.

those people to have that word. Without question some mission- There was no danger of their aries ought to study the religions breaking that commandment. To of the people to whom they go, but have their poverty dignified as obe- most of us are far better advised dience to a divine commandment to let that kind of study alone. It was very acceptable to them. That will be better for us if, instead of was our introduction. Then we spending hours on the study of would go on and try never to stop Hinduism or Mohammedanism, we until we had reached a discussion spent that time on the study of of the parable, "I am the good Christ's message and example and shepherd," or a discussion of the their implications and application crucifixion and the atonement. to the situations that we face; then This is what I mean by a flexible we will have a message that will or varied message. Christ was amount to something.

marvelously varied in the way he Do not waste time on the study met men. The woman at the well of Hinduism and Mohammedanism was not taught the same thing as and Buddhism, but put time on the Nicodemus or Zaccheus or the devotional and sympathetic and Pharisee who invited Jesus out to personal study of the message of dinner. We also must have an ex- Christ, so that you begin to see in ceedingly flexible message. it wonderful and magnificent Keep Up-to-Date things that were never taught you and that you can, therefore, pre- To present to different people sent to the people you meet.

that aspect of the Gospel which fits If the first element in our prep- into their minds requires a much aration is the gaining of a capacity more profound and extensive and for hard work and the second a truly sympathetic understanding of growing and flexible message, a Christ and His message, of His ex" knowledge of Christ that increases

rIlE MISSIONARY RI<;VIJ<;W OJ<' THE WOI~L

all the time, then the third, I think, sionary maintains, he would find is unquestionably the training of himself still below some Indians or ourselves in sacrifice. There we Arabs around him in a coast city.

have a difficult subject. Why does Or, if he wrapped one cloth around Mr. Gandhi have such an enormous him and ate one handful of rice a influence in India? It is not be- day, there would still be people be- cause he has such a tremendous low him. As we work from the mind or that his economic program richest down to the poorest it is commands great respect. But Mr. purely a question of judgment as Gandhi has fallen into the earth to which point in that scale we are and died so far as his own self-in- going to imitate. We can not do dulgences are concerned. Christ better than to follow the example said that if we fall into the earth of Christ. He did not go down to and die, we bring forth much fruit, the very bottom of the scale as a otherwise we do not. beggar starving in the street, How Much Sacrifice ~ nevertheless he was not a rich mil- lionaire with soft clothes and The principle of self-sacrifice is jewels. Christ set himself low in essential. I learned a lot when I the scale and there is where we first went ,out to Arabia from an ought to set ourselves.

assistant I had in the hospital who That, of course, in these days is was a converted Afghan. J alalah a most unwelcome teaching, but, and his brother Rakmandan used after all, it is Christ's own ex- to sit and talk with me. They had ample, and if we can talk with not the slightest respect for any re- those Orientals and get their reac- ligious representative whose life tion, we will recognize that they was characterized by what they at least understand this.

would interpret as self-indulgence. If we prepare to work hard at They are not worshipers of abso- our task; if we devote our whole lute ::.estheticism, but in their time to Christ and his message and mind, as in God's mind, self-indul- develop an adaptable message; if gence is the antithesis to the re- we prepare for real sacrifice, then ligious life. You cannot put the I believe we have adopted the three two in the same compartment. A elements of importance in the missionary who is self-indulgent in preparation for missionary work.

his expenditure, in what he eats I want to add one more which, per- and in what he wears; who looks haps, ought to have been put in the out on missionary life as an easy general preparation. We must thing, should stay at home. The train ourselves to pray. We often Oriental understands that when a have to pray a long time without man pretends to bring out God's seeing an answer, and it is some- message, to be a prophet with a times difficult to keep our prayers gospel, that man cannot be self-in- keen and full of faith and our at- dulgent. titude toward God as enthusiastic We must be prepared for sacri- and to realize that God is working fice. How much sacrifice? Ob- even when we can not see the re- viously, we are dealing with a sit- sults.

uation where judgments differ. It There are mission fields where would not make any difference how the answers to prayer come more expensive an establishment a mis- quickly, but there is no field where

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

a man is safe who has not learned work includes, no doubt, many to pray. It may seem like a bit of technical things. These things are lega)ism, hut a man cannot safely more important-the capacity for come out to the mission field who hard work; much attention to does not set aside half an hour or Christ and a growing knowledge more every day to pray. It is true of Him and His message; ability that Christ sets us no such example to adapt His message to individual of mechanical regularity, but you needs; training in sacrifice; and and I live in an artificial civiliza- finally training in the art of tion and to gain any time for prayer. prayer most of us have to set aside a certain area which we rigorously Missionaries who can come out guard from other things. trained in these ways will be suc- cessful. One more word, and that I do not believe in the appoint- is, we not only must learn how to ment of missionary candidates who pray, but we need to build up at do not know how to pray. Mis- home a constituency of friends who sionaries must hold time free for will pray with us and for us. We prayer at the expense of great ef- must not come out to the missionfort for we need that time for ary field single-handed, we need at twenty other· things. That is the least a dozen or two dozen intimate fourth element in our preparation friends behind us who are going -to learn to pray. We might bet- to pray for us. Develop that kind ter fail in our other examinations of a constitutency. It is a matter than to fail to pray at least half an of the greatest importance so that hour every day. spiritual power of that entire . Preparation for missionary group may be enlisted.

PRAYING FOR MISSIONARIES BY NAME BY ADONIRAM JUDSON GORDON PRAYING for missionaries by name is another means for draw- ing out our interest toward the foreign fields.

Wholesale intercession has always a dangerous tendency. Prayers which are so inclusive that they cease to be incisive, which take in so many interests that they take hold of none-who has not been wearied by such comprehensively feeble intercession? Christians have as much need to be on their guard against platitudinarianism as against latitudinarianism. Evangelical vagueness of desire and petition is a weariness to God and to men.

Instead of praying for the Lord's blessing on our mission fields and upon our missionary brethren in general, let us make a list of their names, and take some of them before the throne of grace each day. Let us make ourselves acquainted with their circumstances of trial or success so that we will have definite petitions or thanksgiving for them. Let the missionaries send home specific requests for prayer, and let them be taken up for definite remembrance.

OU'l'SIDE THE ATTRACTIVE BRITISH-AMERICAN HOSPITAL IN

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York Secretary oj the Comndttee on Coopc1'ati01l in lAlUn America A MESSENGER enters the Others in Peru may not have beautiful palm-bedecked pa- serum for immediate treatment, tio of an old building of or might be batHed by the long Moorish architecture in the sub- distance to the town, three days urbs of Lima, Peru. He rushes by boat and train. But this man through the corridors to a room is accustomed to call on science where sit several immaculately and on humans to help him allecapped and gowned nurses. The viate suffering. A fellow countryone in charge of the office opens the man, who has established a flymissive which states that diph- ing field, is called by telephone. theria has broken out in an inland "Yes," comes the reply, "I will take city. There is no anti-toxin to com- the anti-toxin." While the plane is bat it and anxious parents implore being warmed up, the anti-toxin is the missionary doctor at Lima to hurried to the field by auto. It rush anti-toxin to save their chil- gives one a thrill to see that bird dren. The Chief, to whom every- of mercy rise into the air and fly one tells his troubles, is not easy to over the Andes, an hour after the find among the sick scattered appeal had been received. That through the patios, in the operat- same afternoon anxious parents reing room, one of his laboratories, ceive the healing balm that meant in the dark room or in the dispen- life to their children. sary. When he is found, we see a real leader swing into action. Here is romance and religion in the tropics. To me the incident 812

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU

conveyed a thriH I shall never for- formed, though the patient was too get. To the Chief of the British weak for anything but a local anes- American Hospital it was only one thetic. The Chief kept him cheered of many incidents in a day's work. up with stories, while he pumped Dr. MacCornack's day usually more than half a gallon of pus out begins at 5: 30 A. M., with a brisk of the liver, sewed him up with the ride along the seashore on a favor- rapidity of a Singer machine, with ite Argentine pony. After a 7: 30 more drains arranged than are breakfast the head nurses receive found in an ordinary bathroom.

their instructions for the day, the In a few days the old man was on more critical patients are visited, the road to recovery.

and the first operation is per- What an international crowd we formed. Here we see the king on find among the sixty patients in the his throne! This man may be able hospital wards. Here is a Texan to ride, to shoot, to fish and to tell who has been railroading in Peru good stories; he may be a fine for thirty years; thez:e is the Brit- photographer, a chemist, an elec- ish Minister to Peru; here is the trician, a successful business man- wife of a Peruvian evangelical pas- ager, the respected mayor of his tor who has taken advantage of the little Peruvian suburb. But above hospital to have her baby born un- everything else, he is a skillful der sanitary conditions; there is surgeon. When he swings into a Scotch nurse recovering after six this job, there is no mistake that he months' battle with germs she had – is in his element. A young army contracted in a neighboring institu- of assistants jump to comply with tion. Others include a Japanese commands as if they had been Charge d'Affairs, a German busi- stimulated with an electric cur- ness man, a Quechua Indian peon, rent. Several distinguished sur- an American "beach-comber," an geons may have asked permission Illinois mission-school teacher; to watch this man of reputed mar- through the various wards one may velous power. But he will tell you trace the map of the world.

that it is quite simple: First, be The whole responsibmty for the; sure that you know what is the hospital rests upon Dr. MacCor- trouble with your patient; second, nack. A young assistant is doing deal gently with the insides of the the best he can and Mrs. MacCor- friend on the table; third, keep nack is remarkably efficient in studying every case, and learn as business details. The American much as possible from the experi- and Peruvian nurses are enthusi- ences of others. astic and efficient, but everyone Many different kinds of opera- in the whole institution looks to the tions are done here and some mar- Chief for the final word.

velous cures are effected. One old After luncheon, in the attractive Peruvian gentleman was brought living quarters which Mrs. McCor- to the hospital when all other med- nack has arranged in the rear of ical men had given him up. He the main patio, the Chief shows us looked too far gone to be saved, some movies taken of recent opera- but in a few hours the Doctor had tions. (Think of having your own put him through various tests and operation reeled off before you as had discovered a strange disease of the wielder of the knife explains the liver. The operation was per- just how and why it was done!)

Then we examine the different emanates from the Christian Dikinds of cameras kept by this lover rector of this institution and his of photography, we inspect the associates. model kitchen and refrigerating plant which the Chief has installed Eight years ago Dr. and Mrs. with the proceeds from recent op- MacCornack went to Peru from erations; we stop to pay a hurried Wisconsin where he had attained visit to the pets, the monkeys, par- success in surgery, was president rots and dogs, which help to amuse of a hospital and director of a the big family. bank. Bishop Oldham of the Methodist Episcopal Church had The clinic takes up most of the recently agreed to supply the perafternoon, for a crowd of the needy sonnel of a hospital in Peru if the 'l'HE DOCTOR AND NUR!lING !lTAFF IN THE I,TMA MISSION HOSPITAL from all classes come from Lima British and American communities and Callao. After dinner, the final in Lima and Callao would furnish rounds must be made, and then the the property. The MacCornacks medico takes his rest by putting on heard the call to go to this, to them, a concert for the patients! His in- unknown city and offered to congenuity has hooked up loud speak- tribute a year of service. There ers to an insignificant little port- were only three patients in the hosable victrola so that the music is pital when they arrived; equipnot only carried to all the three ment was of the scantiest. The patios, but also to the city park new doctor spent his first five days where all the community enjoys it. largely in making with his own hands a light for the operating It is scarcely too much to say room. At this juncture the manthat the whole West Coast of South ager of one of the big American America if! feeling the f!pirit that

firms was seized with a strangu- dents in training, is run without lated hernia and requested to be any appropriation from the Mistaken to the newly arrived Ameri- sion Board. The British and can doctor. The doctor had fin- American communities provided ished his operating lamp five min- the buildings. utes before the patient's arrival. Without this he could not use the Far-reaching results may be exoperating room. The two stran- pected from the work of the Perugers exchanged a few words and vian girls who are being trained the sufferer was laid on the table. and sent out each year as nurses. The operation was successful and They are given three years in the a firm friendship was established nurses' school and are fitted to between these two families. serve in public health programs, in other hospitals or in private cases. The one year of free missionary Their influence is already being service has now lengthened into felt in the struggle to improve the eight. Last year the expenses of general health in Peru. the institution amounted to $131,- 000, every cent of which was paid All who have "done time" in the from surgical fees and other hos- British and American Hospital pital receipts. This unique mis- have a warmth of feeling toward sionary enterprise, staffed by the this institution. To have lived with chief surgeon and his assistant, by the Chief and his assistants has eight American and eight Peruvian made life sweeter, has brought God nurses, and a group of forty stu- nearer, and has made Christ more real.

WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?

C HRISTIANITY is not the established religion of a common- wealth, lest the laws of men become entangled with the laws of the Lord, which are perfect, and the State be found dis- puting for supremacy with the sovereign God.

Neither is Christianity the religion of custom, seeing that the changing traditions of men often modify the Word of God, from which it has been declared that "no jot nor tittle shall pass."

Christianity is not the religion of a human creed, remember- ing that plenary inspiration passed out with the apostles, and no· church has ever been competent to indite a document which shall improve on what the New Testament records once for all.

What then is Christianity? Christianity is the religion based on our faith in and our relation to a Person-a Person whose life was recorded faithfully by men w:ho knew Him in the flesh; a Person whose oneness with the Father was authenticated by many signs and wonders; whose winsome spirit was such as to draw to His side rich men, rulers, outcasts and little children; one who died that we might live; at whose exit the mountains were rent; and whose legacy opened up a fountain of hope for all people.

That Divine Person is none other than He who said, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life." JOHN JETER HURT, D.D.

WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN?*

BY THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Author of ""Go-d'8 Warld/) etc.

T WENTY-FIVE years ago, happened, he said: "We didn't do when a group of laymen met much else but pray. I never have in the Fifth Avenue Presby- attended such a meeting in my life.

terian Church of New York for It was the Haystack affair moved conference and prayer over the to New York. We organized not missionary situation, it was under a society but a movement. It will the pressure of the idea that the be interdenominational but will world had swung into a new posi- seek to place behind the various tion of missionary opportunity. boards the loyal and intelligent They felt that the time had come support of the men of the church- for the laymen of the Church to es."

stand by the cause of world evan- Conventions were held in the gelization in an organized and ag- leading cities of the United States gressive way. If the Church was and Canada and in multitudes of to enter into the new opportunities smaller places. The Movement had in a large and hopeful manner, the courage–shall I say the au- there must be the mobilization of dacity-to make those conventions the lay element in every denomina- self-supporting by charging admis- tion. sion. "What! expect men to pay In the minutes of that New York for attending a missionary meet- meeting, I find that, preceding the ing! Preposterous !" But they resolutions, were these statements: did, and that in astonishing num- WHEREAS, The greatly increased bers. Then came a series of conparticipation of the present genera- structive measures. More courtion of responsible business and pro- age; more audacity. When Camp- fessional men is essential to the widest bell White (the first secretary) and most productive use of the exist- proposed that the only way to suping missionary agencies, and is equally port missions church-wise was to vital to the growth of the spiritual make a house-to-house canvass of life at home, and the parish, and to have the canvass conducted by lawyers, bankers, WHEREAS, In the management of judges, and business men of large large business and political responsi- affairs and wide reputation, some bilities such men have been greatly of us gasped. "It can't be done; used and honored. Therefore be it they never will volunteer for serv- Resolved, Etc. ice like that." But the thing was These were not idle words. They done and in a few years the "Every were drawn up and signed by mEln of importance in the business and Member Canvass" became the acprofessional world. When Dr. cepted method of finance in every Samuel B. Capen (who became the progressive church. Let us hand first chairman) returned to Bos- the palm to the laymen of twentyton and informed me of what had five years ago for inventing a de- o Edited and Condensed from the original vice which no minister would have pa~~~e::;t. °li S~t~hia rs'.iir.es~. ~~~~!~r:,~ry dared suggest.

816 Alas! in 1919 it was decided, 1. By reading, study, discussion, after long debate, to merge the they must be made intelligent upon Laymen's Missionary Movement in world conditions as these affect the the Inter-church World Movement, prospects of Christ. Where are we with the result that the incentive in the progress of the Kingdom?

of this great enterprise was lost in What are the new forces, favor- the wreck of the attempt to cap- able and unfavorable, with which italize for missions and beneficence we have to deal? What changes the solidarity, the enthusiasm of are demanded in missionary atti- the War period, already on the tude, theory and procedure? What wane. are the demands of stewardship in The Central Division Committee a day like this? As Dr. J. H. Old- of the Laymen's Missionary Move- ham, of the International Mission- ment, with headquarters in Chi- ary Council, once remarked, "In cago, opposed the merger with the the Church, as in the political Inter-Church World Movement but realm, the future lies with the man after long debate adopted the fol- who thinks."

lowing: 2. The new movement, like the Resolved, That the Central Division old, should be interdenominational.

Committee suspend activities and ap- It should not be split up into affilipoint a Committee on Resumption which will be in readiness to under- ated denominational movements take its task as soon as the time may for men. The old Laymen's Misbe propitious. sionary Movement was seriously weakened by the denominations This committee called a confer- taking up the idea on their own ence in May, 1922, and voted to re- account, so that in many cases sume activities. The reorganized business men visualized the work committee was, however, hindered as merely denominational propain getting under way until 1927. ganda and the larger incentive was They have sought to conserve the lost. The laymen of today have it old name and to revive the old spir- in their power to reenforce imit. measurably the conception of mis- sions as the enterprise of a steadily Today we are living in a new unifying Church, one direction, at world of opportunity and of peril. least, in which we can dispose our The War has drawn a sharp line forces for the success of Christianthrough the history and program ity as a whole. of every political and social institution. The cause of foreign mis- A strictly interdenominational sions has been affected in notable movement also is free from the netways. A new generation has come work of restrictions and relationupon the scene. New attitudes are ships which characterize our purebeing formed. New theories pre- ly denominational efforts. For the vail. There are new laymen to be most part these are necessary, and enlisted, and they have the opportunity of the ages. within their sphere are of great In any attempt to rally our value, but there should be room for Christian laymen to a new and the free movement and initiative effective support of missions, the of unecclesiastical groups. The conditions of success appear to me genius of our business men has not to include the following: been exhausted by the invention of 2

the Budget and the Every Member blend of existing faiths. They will Canvass. think of Christian missions as the giving of the best–God's best–to 3. There is a demand for more a suffering world. A sympathetic intensive work in adult missionary approach to the peoples of other education than the old-time con- faiths, a glad and generous recogvention method makes possible. nition of high and permanent val- Big conventions may still have ues in other religions-yes, by all their value, but emphasis should means. But a reality-loving Chrisbe placed upon the reaching of tian business man, if he is to back smaller and more influential a world movement for Christ, will groups of prominent business men, do so because he believes the reand officers of local churches. ligion of Christ is supreme and final. 4. Our laymen will rise above the present timidity in appealing We believe that the time is ripe for money. They are dealing with for a revival of lay activity and inmoney all the time and are not itiative in behalf of missions at afraid to ask for it in a good cause. home and abroad. The movement They are not afraid of the word which started the Every Member promotion. They believe that Canvass and the Church Budget money, as the expression of per- and which has been instrumental sonality, is sacred. They realize in aligning tens of thousands of that in the cause of Christ it can business men in 'missionary belief be made immortal. and activity-the enterprise which inaugurated a new era of mission- 5. Finally, our laymen will be ary support-such a movement, if free from the weakness of present- again given a prominent place in day theological speculation. They our counsels and programs, may will want a motive and a message prove the means of leading us out that ring with the faith and the of the present wilderness of critioptimism of Jesus Christ. It is in- cism, hesitation and receding devoconceivable that they will fall in tion on the part of many in the with the idea that Christianity is Church. but one among many religions, or that the ultimate religion is to be a CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP Two brothers in New York went into partnership as bankers and brokers. One promised God that when he had accumulated a capital of $100,000, he w()uld retire from business and give the rest of his life to Christian work. He did so, and became one of the greatest Sunday-school workers in America. He was the author of many books on the Sunday school, and acted as the moving spirit in the Sunday-school world. He influenced hundreds of young people to go into Christian work and led thousands of boys and girls to give their lives to Christ. He did not leave much of an estate when he died but he laid up spiritual treasure on earth and in heaven.

His brother continued to give all his time to the banking and brokerage business, but all he left behind when he died was money. There was no evident print of sacrificial service.

Who served men and God best and which one left the largest heritage?

WORLD STEWARDSHIP

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, D.D., Montclair, N. J.

Author of UMoney.. the Acid Tcst/' (("Mather Earth/' etc.

T HE foundations of the first at the zero hour in the Church of World Stewardship Confer- England. All other branches of ence, which met recently in the Church are ahead of us." Pro- the historic Tolbooth Church, viding himself with textbooks and Edinburgh, were laid several years pamphlets, he has set out to change before 'it opened. In December, that situation and an Anglican 1926, the General Assembly of the Stewardship Commission is now at United Church in India (North) work along this line.

invited the writer to assist in in- Baptist, Congregational, Anglistalling stewardship in its pro- can, Presbyterian, Primitive Meth- gram. Without knowing of this odist and Wesleyan missionary ex- action, the General Assembly of ecutives and the General Assem- the United Church in Korea sent blies of the Church of Scotland and a similar invitation. A little later Ireland are also taking steps in the a similar r~quest came from the same direction. Instructions were Evangelical Union of Churches in given to Scotch ministers to preach the Philippines and the National stewardship during the week of Council leaders in China and Ja- the World Stewardship Confer- pan followed. Across Asia, from ence. The like of this had not been Bombay to Tokyo at sixty-five cen- known in Great Britain before.

ters, I met in conference thousands The General Assembly of the of leaders of the younger churches Church of Scotland recommended to discuss the principles and meth- permanent provision for the incul- ods of stewardship. cation of Stewardship as a recog- On my way out to India, I nized part of the Church's prostopped in the British Isles to meet gram. This recommendation was groups of ministers and laymen in unanimously adopted.

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and The Stewardship Conference London, and as a result the pro- opened with a special service in posal was made to hold a World old St. Giles Cathedral, marked by Stewardship Conference in Great a stately dignity. Dr. Ware, Dean Britain. As a result the officers of of the Thistle and Chapel Royal, the International Association for preached on stewardship that Church Finances in Great Britain afternoon with great earnestness.

and the United Stewardship Coun- Among the notables taking part cil of America drafted a program in the conference was the Earl which came to fruition during the of Home, genial Chairman of the Conference which met in Edin- International Association for burgh last summer. Church Finances, who entertained The Venerable Archdeacon some 200 of the delegates at his Smythe, who was delegated from charming home "Birsel" out in the Anglican Church Assembly, the Scott country. It was remark- addressing the Church Assembly able that of the more than fifty at Lambeth said, "Stewardship is who had been assigned parts in the 819

program from near and far, the Four commissions in America had Hon. Lord Sands, who was over- been at work for months and their taken by blindness, and Dr. James reports came as a revelation to Black, prevented by an accident, most of those attending the conferwere the only expected speakers ence. An exhibit including some who were absent. Others who at- 300 titles of stewardship pamtended were: Sir William Hender- phlets (selected out of 1000 availson, Lord Polwarth, Sir D. Y. Cam- able) and 49 textbooks served to eron, Dr. John White, of Barony visualize what has been done in Church, Glasgow; Principal W. F. this field during a decade or two. Lofthouse of Birmingham; the On the other side, the first stew- Very Rev. J. Harry Miller, Edin- ardship textbook produced as yet burgh; Mr. Ernest Brown, M. P., has recently come from the press, who, judging by the masterly way "Studies in Christian Stewardhe conducted the session on "The ship" by Rev. D. W. P. Strang, World Challenge of the Church of M.C., M.A. of Edinburgh, who Today," will prove a leader to be made one of the strongest adreckoned with in Parliament; the dresses of the conference on "All Venerable Archdeacon Smythe, Life as a Stewardship." With this who missed nothing in the entire should be bracketed "The Chalprogram; the Dean of Armagh, lenge of the Growing Influence of one of the representatives of the the Material," by Ralph L. Cush- Church of Ireland; the Most Rev. man of Rochester, N. Y. W. J. F. Robberds, Bishop of Brechin and Primus of the Epis- The conference was designed to copal Church in Scotland; Canon be not only inspirational and edu- R. J. Mackay, of the same, who cational but also promotional in extook in everything; Mr. S. E. tending stewardship principles and Hodgkin, a founder of the Friends' practice. Conditions which have Trust, Ltd.; Mr. John B. Gotts, been ripening for some years were Chairman of the Congregational calling loudly for a cooperative Union of London; Dr. Adolph Kel- movement extending this neglected ler, of Geneva; Oberkansistarial- aspect of the Gospel to the younger rat Gustavus and Pastor Harney churches on the mission fields, as of Berlin; Mr. Bahari Lall Rallia well as to the older and desperately Ram, General Secretary of the Na- needy churches of Europe. Hithtional Council, Y. M. C. A. of In- erto no channel had been opened dia and Prof. A. M. Daula, La- to serve this purpose. What rehore, India. Of the Canadian del- sponse would the first World Stewegation may be mentioned only Dr. ardship Conference make? The W. M. Rochester, Chairman of the response was not merely in the Western Section, Pan-Presbyte- ringing addresses which marked rian Alliance, and Dr. Peter Bryce, every session, but in the definite both of Canada. Nine members of plan of action which emerged at the United Stewardship Council of the close, providing for concerted the U. S. A. and Canada attended action in which the stronger naand made valuable contributions; tional groups will aid the weaker, Agar, Crawford, Howser, Lampe, the world around. Out of the con- Long, Lovejoy, McConaughy, Myers and Mrs. James Duguid, Jr. ference there is to emerge a World Stewardship. Union, with a coun- cil to be resolved into two sections,

THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFERENCE

one with headquarters in U. S. A., for Bible classes; a handbook for including council members resident office bearers. The Committee on in North, Central and South Amer- Education for the Ministry is ica, Bahamas, Japan, Chosen, asked to arrange for embodying China and the Philippines and an- Stewardship in pastoral theology other, with headquarters in Great literature for divinity students. Britain, including members resi- Presbyteries are asked to arrange dent in Europe, Western Asia, In- for speakers to present the subject dia, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, at their meetings and to appoint Australia, New Zealand, the action Stewardship committees to propaof either section to become effec- gate it among ministers and office tive only when ratified by the bearers. These and other measother. Thus ample scope for in- ures already adopted evidence the itiative is afforded, while preserv- thoroughness with which the ing the integrity of the organiza- Scotch churches are taking up this tion. vital matter. And· this is typical of the spirit in which the delegates In Scotland good progress is be- went down from the Tolbooth ing made in providing educational Church and away to the ends of material, such as textbooks, leaf- the earth with a new vision and a lets, posters, etc., for use in their new passion. congregations; articles in Life CLnd Work, youth magazines and the The story of the Conference has been isgeneral press; Sunday School syl- sued in a book which may be obtained through labuses for lessons and textbooks Mr. H. S. Myers, Secretary of the United Stew- ardship Council, U. S. A., 152 Madison Avenue, New York, at 60 cents a copy.

MISSIONARY GIVING Dr. A. L. Warnshuis of the International Missionary Council has prepared the following table showing the aggregate expenditures of the missionary societies cooperating in the national missionary organizations represented in the International Missionary Council for the years 1927 to 1929. The figures for 1930 and 1931 will probably show considerable decrease.

I i . Average I 1929 Aggrl'gate 1927 1928 : Roar I Expenditu:re EXChange, Reduced to Dollars Australia ………. ,£ 285,701 285,701' –2-85-,-7-01-21'4.86625 :-$-1-,-39-0-,2-9-2-.4-9 Belgium ………… Fr. 145,684' : 207,828 Ii 166.672 .. 0278 Denmark ………. Kr. 2,021,713 i 2,061.520 I 1,971,014 •. 268 4,820.38 Finland (2 societies) M. France …………. Fr. 540.926.38 Germany ………• :M. Great Britain …… ,£ 4,433,839 i 4,241,2891 4,691,507 'I .025185 112,212.90 Latin America ….. $ 3,835,834 3,381,966 3,980,402 .031)175 146,231.03 Netherlands ……. FI. 5,728,059. 5,860,400 6,086,209 .. 238 1,402,190.33 New Zealand ……. [ ,£ U. S. A. and Oanada' $ 2,349,502 . 2,308,704 2,295,021 4.86625 11,280,171.88 Norway ………… KI'. Sweden ………….. Kr. 4,402,657 3,700.1841 …… : 4.051,420.00 Switzerland ••…..• ! Fr. 1,385.317 1,350,564 1,179,000 .402 , 524,593.92 South Africa ••…•• j £ 95,000 96,950 96,9504.86625 i 468,619.88 31.346,972 27,515,956 28,523,939! …… i 29,128,956.00 33,,884974,.302070' 3,240.510 1,796,000 1.268 I 797,792.32 4,016,107 4,625,916 .268 : 1,115,715.36 1,594,925 1,322,887 1,507,203 .193 284,675.97 100,000 100,000 140,000 4.86625 I 551,506.71 $51,800.125.55 1 Figures for 1926. 2 Figures for 1927. 3 EXI'II1,sive of expenditure in Latin America.

WORKING MAN AND THE

BY THE REV. EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pa8tor oj Grace aon~munity ChU1"oh EVERY individual has a right this light the Church must confess to live completely the full that it has not adequately served range of creative possibility, the needs of the working man.

both as a unit and as a member of More often it has embarrassed him. society. Application to this right Too often in his darkest hour and involves specific interests and prob- most terrible need, the Church has lems. To the working man, the spe- refused to lift a finger in his becific application is largely tied up half.

with economic well being. Charity and philanthropy be- The Church dare not limit itself come a patch on the social fabric through which may still be seen the to purely religious problems; it hideousness of it all. In the presmust face also the ethical and prac- ent order, one cannot outrun ignotical if it is to help the working rance, superstition, injustice, sufman. Poverty may have led St. fering, exploitations, fears, hun- Francis into the Church and holi- ger, rags, awfulness. The best is ness; nevertheless, poverty leads often bad. Appearances do not a greater number away from the save. Worst of all, and over it all, Church. is the ever present and grim figure of privilege. In our confused social order, the Church cannot deny one of the two In order to help the working conflicting alternatives, paternal- man, the Church must endorse or, ism and trusteeship, or complete as Bishop McConnell has sugdemocracy. If the Church chooses gested, must baptize and take into the former theory, it is in easy its fellowship only that social orcompany and well entrenched. It der which the Church is sure has is then a free agency to inspire the been completely converted. The erection of philanthropic institu- working man must eventually meet tions and to spend increasing mil- his own needs. If these needs are lions in charity, without any seri- to be met through the Church, the ous analysis of the status quo. As working man must be in the such, the Church will have the full Church. He will not come to the confidence of the powerful, and can Church until his confidence is reenjoy frank optimism. Because stored. this theory is held by the dominant group, it will be complacently ac- Generally, the worker is outside cepted by many in all walks of life, of the Church, and where he is asincluding many working men who sociated with a workers' movemay find that the system does ment, he is prejudiced against the serve him to a certain extent. Church. To gain his confidence, the Church must know how labor If, however, the Church chooses thinks and feels. The intelligent complete democracy, its function is worker is certain that the Church far more difficult. Its effort may as a whole is influenced by the ultimately shake the foundations dominant economic life of the day, of long accepted institutions. In 822 and is unacquainted with his essen- effective these resolutions have tial needs or struggles. been may be indicated by a Social There are churches and church Service report in a Methodist Con- leaders preparing the way for a ference, in which the Commission new day of evangelization. Some undertook to discover the actual of these are as effective as any out- status of the "Social Creed of the side of the Church. They voice the Churches," and of the social mind- plight of the worker not as a victim edness of the conference member- of charity, but as a responsible ship. The questionnaire was sent agency in the creative genius and to 157 pastors representing all power of society. They stand for types of churches. The report fundamental adjustment and clearly indicated that fully "half change, offering labor a just place of the laymen are relatively indif- in the cooperative challenge of the ferent to the social implications of Church. They want labor to speak the GospeL" In spite of the dis- for itself, and they aim that labor ciplinary request that the social shall be heard. creed be read once a year, less than Some feel that this is flirting one-third of the churches gave any with radical propoganda. It is not attention to it. In still fewer as radical as it seems, if we recog- churches were the annual reports nize that' the function of the of the Social Service Commission Church is to christianize and to es- called to the attention of the con- tablish a Kingdom of God on earth. gregations. In less than half of Until today the christianization of the churches no particular atten- our capitalistic society has been tion seemed to have been given to largely the capitalization of Chris- social subjects in the educational tianity. An honest attempt to programs.

christianize the worker would A Social Creed Questionnaire bring the Church much nearer the highway of God. The writer, in teaching a course Bishop McConnell says: "The in "The Church and Industry" at trouble with all social systems is an Epworth League Institute, be- that they need Christian birth into gan the course with a social creed a new spirit. It is no doubt quix- questionnaire on the first day, to otic when a preacher tries to bring discover how much these Methodist labor radicalism into line with the young people were thinking about spirit of Jesus, but it is no more such matters. There were twelve quixotic than to attempt to get oil questions. Ninety-nine members kings, and steel kings, and meat of the class replied.

kings, and grain kings to rule pri- In answer to the question, marily for the service of the gov- "What do you think of Russia?" erned. It is a strenuous task, any only ten responded with even a suway you look at it, this task of in- perficial understanding. Most of stitutional regeneration and sanc- the opinions expressed indicated tification." * hearsay and prejudice, suggesting Most denominations have made every conceivable color, such as fairly definite pronouncements sug- "uncivilized," "infiuencing world gesting radical movements along for the bad," "primitive laws and the whole Church front. Just how ideas," "radical and dangerous,"

• LivIng Together," page 110. etc.

There were sixty-one different taken seriously its application to reasons given for the present de- the needs of the working man.

pression, ranging from war and The irony of it all was revealed over-production, to Hoover, pessi- in a delegation from a mining mists, Kaiser Wilhelm and Com- town, which, in desiring to be dis- munists. Blame for the depression tinct, dressed as miners, with extended from foreigners, inven- miners' caps. The members of this tors, gangsters, and multi-mil- delegation in the class in Industry, lionaries, to "Nobody, it was just came not from miners' homes, but time for one." Various remedies from the townsmen and business were suggested, such as "Needs no element.

change," "by not living so high and The Church cannot meet the fast," "putting bums to work," needs of the working man until it "system like Russia," "no use do- is working-man conscious. Even ing anything; poor are hopeless; the average American working don't know how to use what they man, not as yet class conscious and have." Fifty-five felt that some- aware of a class struggle, has only thing was wrong, and forty-five felt a nominal interest in the Church.

that there might be some kind of His support can be and is periodi- trouble or revolution. cally exploited by waves of occa- Seventy-two thought that there sional local enthusiasm. He isn't was free speech in America, re- prejudiced, and yet to him the gardless of what one might believe. Church doesn't make a lot of differ- In answer to the question, "Where ence. have you read anything about any of these questions recently?" thir- No wonder the Industrial ty-two had read nothing; others Church is a battle, even where for had gleaned their convictions from years the Church and the pastor the Literary Digest, Liberty, have consistently attempted to American Magazine, Popular Me- meet the worker on his own chanics, Saturday Evening Post, ground. Nevertheless, it is here The Denver Post, etc. Six men- that the Church is really beginning tioned the Epworth Herald. to meet the needs of the working man. For the time being, a work- Not one in the class was aware ers' church cannot be anything but of the "Social Creed of the Church- class conscious. To serve the es." Only one reported remember- worker means nothing less than to ing his preacher ever saying any- fight with him in his struggle for thing about the subjects. In re- fair play and justice.

sponse to the question on War, An Industrial Church in Denver seventeen were pacifists, forty-one Grace Church, Denver, through believed in disarmament, and thir- the leadership of Dr. George S.

ty-one in preparedness. Forty- Lackland, and Dr. A. A. Heist, has seven believed that prohibition was earned national recognition for its the major issue of the day. In intelligent and effective service to these two instances, there was evi- the working man. Here, labor is denced clearly the influence of the invited through the years to work Church. Certainly, this report, out its destiny. Wherever and however superficial it is, indicates whenever labor has needed an ex- that the Church has not as yet tra wheel, Grace Church has func-

THE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH

tioned. Such institutions as the With sinking heart I remembered Labor College, Labor Summer that these two gentlemen had can- School, etc., were established vassed Tony's neighborhood for through the cooperation of Grace church funds, and I thought that Church. Whenever free speech is here was a characteristic experi- threatened, the Denver Open Fo- ence, in which folks get angry rum has given the worker a chance when asked for money for the to hear and talk. Church.

In times of agitation and stress, I started to explain, when he in- whether in a strike, or the organ- terrupted, "N0, no, no, I mad ization of a cooperative, or a 'cause dey no ask me for no sub- Mooney-Billings mass meeting, scrip."

Grace Church is open for assem- My spirit revived, and I volun- bly. Gradually, suspicions have tered that I was an agent of the been lifted and the workers of Church, and could do for him that Denver, and many over the coun- which had been neglected. The try, are beginning to realize that Church received its first $5.00 in after all, the Church has a place in cash. I asked Tony why he didn't the sun. They find their young come to church, "Oh, I come some- . people intelligent and conversant, time. I come sometime," he said.

and surging with aspirations, "Yes," I retorted, "you come through discussion and study sometime and bring your wife."

classes, and the Cooperative and This induced an explosion, "No, Credit Union. no, no! My wife? No, no! My In it all, and around it all is a wife, she no good. She no spek spirit of worship, in which is prac- Englis, she no write Englis, she no ticed the prellence of God, and in good, but I come sometime."

which the principles of Jesus are "Yes," I said, "Be sure and evaluated, and a social gospel is come. Your wife is all right. She preached. There is planted a seed, can hear the music. You come now germinating, soon to grow. with her. Do you both good."

If the Church as a whole will heed, He grasped my hand, holding it statistics will be no matter. Men tight and drawing it gradually to will come by the thousands, proud his breast, so I could feel his heart and happy to own their Lord. beat. I shall never forget that Tony, an Italian, came running heart. It was the heart of a work- to me one day as I stood on a street ing man, pleading for all that was in the little coal mining camp of good. He said as no other could, Hiawatha, Utah. Tony, in New "I go to your Church once. I see York, might have been an efficient de cross in de front of de Church.

banana salesman, but he was a You my priest." Then desperate- miner and having a hard time of it. ly, and with tears, as if all the He called breathlessly, "Father world must hear, "Your cross, my Walgub, Father Walgub, I wanna cross."

talk on you." May this be so. May humanity "Come on Tony," I replied, be entirely released to live, to lift, "talk if you want, talk all over to sing, to laugh, to work, and to me." love, in a common joy, with grim "I mad, I mad, I mad, Mr. Rud- privilege, unmasked and converted, dy, Mr. Brady," he said in a rush, for the good of all men.

A MINISTER SOLVES

SINGLE-HANDED, the Rev. ninety days fr~m 75 to 345 persons, William T. Morgan of War- one substantial meal at noon, and rior, Alabama, set himself to many at breakfast. ThQusands of the task of removing 300 names of piecE*! of clothing have been distribunemployed from the charity list. uted to the needy. Used garments The miners had to be trained in un- and shoes have been repaired by his own workers. They now have a poultry plant com- plete w.~th a capacity of 750 fowls, and about 100 fowls are in the pens. Most of the men and their wives want t~ follow agriculture.

There is a garage for the accom- mQdation of young men studying the art of automobile mechanics. Other classes are maintained in shoemaking, carpentry, and furniture repairing.

There is a complete canning fac- tory, with a ·daily capacity of 2,000 cans. An experienced commercial canner instructs the students. There is also a large grist-mill which will soon be in operation. They will grind for the c~mmuni ty as well as commer- cial purposes. ..

One of the largest industries is the women's work. About seventy-five women and girls have enrolled for the sewing classes, which are specializing in quilts. About twenty-five different B y Court es" of the Literary Dige. t patterns of quilts are being made out T HE REV. WILLIAM T. MORGAN of new cloth.

familiar work for their day as coal- Nowhere in the country is a saner miners was ended. Mr. Morgan organized families into a commu- effort being made to solve the unemnity center and taught them agriculture, shoe-repairing, and other ployment problem. trades. School work is an important part of The Montgom ery Advertiser (Quoted in The Literary Digest) the experiment. Many of the resisays: dents, adults and children, are learn- He and his workers have cleared about twenty acres of land, have taken ing to read and write and are masterabout 75,000 feet of lumber from the timber out of which lumber the houses ing the rudiments of arithmetic. At needed have been built. The entire forty acres is now one large garden. the center there is a half-day of work Mr. Morgan has fed every day for and a half-day of schooling.

And all of this has been done with less than $3,000 in cash! There have been liberal donations of certain ma- terials, but the land had to be bought, and there- were unavoidable expenses which could be paid Qnly in cash.

This shows what leadership, courage, and enthusiasm will do to solve this great prOblem.

82(i

!ourfewy of The Literary Digest (See article p . 8t6

UNElfPLOYED MADE SELF-SUPPORTING BY MR. MORGAN IN ALABAMA HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS BY ADELA J. BALLARD We8tern Super,";8ar of M 'igrant Wo r k, Oaun(}/I of Wom en for !lame Mi s.ia"",, A LONG line of decrepit cars "You give foods till crop are were parked in front of the gone? Much families, and no of "General Merchandise" sign the moneys. You let buys for us?" of the small-town store. A group "Who you work for," asked the of nondescript individuals crowded clerk gruffly, "Did your boss sign the long room until the chatter was your slip?" The two men shook deafening and the air stifling. a despondent negative and the first Two growers pushed their way speaker replied: back through the throng into the office where the manager sat work- "He say 'not know us.' Next ing on the books. Children were year mebby he sign paper. Not here, there and everywhere. Two now. No work-no eat! We pay. races and a dozen nationalities Many childrens-all works. Got mingled amicably without a trace eight-ten-oh many children." of friction. Without more words the clerk Two men, obviously new Ameri- passed the assignment slip to the cans, stood hesitantly back while manager who happened to be passothers were selecting stores of ing with the two growers who had canned goods from the laden entered his office a moment before. shelves. Finally one of the two He glanced at the slip, eyed the approached the hurried clerk, hesi- pair appraisingly, asked to be tated, then took courage and asked shown the family cars and finally diffidently; nodded in affirmation, "Oh, give 'em five dollars worth of stuff, 'an 827

I'll see Gregg. They look like fair "You cannot shop in peace. You risks. Big nuisance this bunch, cannot even drive along the highbut I suppose if they pick they ways without encountering their have got to eat. disgusting camps," she finished ir- ritatedly. "Why let them?" He turned to the two men, "You see you pay! Be in here Saturday. At her elbow a townsman spoke Nothing more for you until Gregg quickly: sign your paper!" "Let them! Would you come out At this moment the door opened and pick berries for me? Mine are and a local woman entered the dropping from the bushes! I've got to get fifty pickers at once. If HELPING AN INJUR~JD CHILD IN THE we do not have three thousand of COTTON FIELD them in this valley we go broke. No one here will stick to the job. store. Utter disgust was in her Its no play work and the pay is attitude. "Why do you give credit rotten unless the crop is heavy. to such riffraff," she asked dis- I'm glad enough to see the bunch gustedly. "There ought to be a go. We get anything from small law against such people entering pox to leprosy while they are here the town. The school is full of but we've got to have 'em. Any them and we have to see our own pickers in this morning?" he asked children mixed up with them and the manager, who was also mayor, in with them. Public money should and Berry Growers Association not be spent on children who come president as well as a few other from outside our own county. No things. one knows what diseases they bring and as for morals-" words A fellow grower took up the failed her for the moment. woman's question.

"What are you going to do? You want your canned goods. You want the fruit which isn't raised in this locality. The work is all done by migrants. You local folk won't do the work. Migrants are a neces- sary evil. Let 'em work and get out. But I'll tell you one thing! We are not going to have a hang- over of ninety or a hundred fam- ilies for this town to support this winter. Fruit over, out they go. Cheaper to give 'em gas to get out than to have 'em hanging around in the berry shacks. If we cannot get 'em out any other way make 'em so uncomfortable they will be glad to get out. We've got to have 'em, but there's no sense in spend- ing money on them. 'On agin, off agin, gone agin Flannigan,' is my motto when it comes to pickers." He turned to the merchant-"!'ll

HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS

see you get your money, there now. A funny bunch, but more won't be much left for the poor decent than some. My wife said devils, but we have to protect our some of them went to church Sunbusiness men. Where do they come day night. That's got to stop. from? Every state in the union I We'll have epidemics all over the guess. Any kicks on the housing neighborhood if that keeps up." this year?" he asked the other grower. "Religion for pickers," laughed a newcomer. "They wouldn't know "Yep," the man growled impa- it if they met it. They probably tiently, "Two fools came down went to church just as they would from the state department this go to a circus. But we do sell a week. Sanitation! They don't know heap of stuff to 'em all told. I got how to use it when they have it. rid of two old cars to some who A CANNERY VACATION SCHOOL IN CHARGE OF A NURSE EMPLOYED BY THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME ",USSIONS I put a screen door on each cabin- came in last week. Pretty good they tie it back with a string. It price too. They wan't worth much, takes a policeman to make them but trust a fruit tramp to get the use the garbage cans. I put new last mile out of the old tin Lizzie. wash basins in the shacks and the Don't suppose they'll ever get the idiots use it to wash the kids faces balance paid for, but I can take it in the morning and to boil the pota- back at the end of the season and toes in at night! They are certainly have a new sale next year. Plenty a messy lot. Hope enough of them room in the old garage to store come in so we can pick today. I 'em." put 'three hundred wanted' on my ad. Don't suppose I'll need more The group separated as a crowd than a hundred and fifty, but as of pickers entered the door. The long as they keep coming I can sign "One thousand pickers wanted immediately" had lured them to pick and choose. Got fifty families the town. This was small, but the

thousands of acres of back country tion and poverty, coupled with held the greater part of the popu- inadequate housing and almost lation which demanded the migra- complete lack of sanitation makes tory group four months of the the health of the migrant worker year supplying the fruit which a menace to his own group and to kept another huge group of mi- any community into which he may gratory families busy in the can- enter. Many of the camps are not neries of a near-by city. immoral- they are frankly un- This conversation reflects rather moral. Literally thousands of the faithfully the attitudes, problems, children are born in the crops- the indifferences of the average many of them die there for the population of the average town mortality of the child in the sea- where the migratory labor groups sonal labor camp is very high. Few swamp all agencies for a few brief communities have a sympathetic months of the year or are a prob- attitude toward the migrant work- lem of the entire three hundred er – the situation is regarded as and sixty-five days of the twelve hopeless, although there are some months. Because of the reaction happy exceptions to this statement, on our future citizenship – for but these exceptions are usually in there is more than a million and localities where a religious agency a half of people in the U. S. whose has demonstrated that it is possible lives are conditioned by the crops to change conditions and that the -it is time we faced the problem migrant will respond to sympa- squarely. thetic friendliness.

This the home mission agencies With the tangle of races; the tried to do in Section XI of the jumble of creeds; the racial an- North American Hom eMissions tagonisms and the superiority com- Congress. From that Section came plexes, the task of meeting the some challenging conclusions: need of the migrant is a difficult First the general situation was one. For the Anglo-Saxon is not faced. Both religious and social the only one with a superiority workers sat in at the Conference, complex-sometimes one of the together they summed up facts: first duties of the worker is to We as a nation are fast becom- teach that "some Americans are as ing a highly specialized agricul- good as the people of other races."

tural country. This development And the home mission worker must has involved the bringing in of a acknowledge that the community vast number of seasonal laborers, and the grower have problems to many of them family groups. These face as well as does" the migrant people must shift from place to himself. We cannot ignore the place in order to have anything fact that much of our wealth and like continuous employment. For of our personal release from these shifting nomads there can be drudgery comes to us from the no normal home life; little of help- work of this group. Forty-three ful social contact with community millions of wealth comes into one life; even where compulsory school state alone through the work of attendance laws are enforced, the the seasonal laborer!

constant change of location pre- The need of this vast army of vents adequate educational oppor- people, not less than a million and tunity. The ignorance, supersti- probably many more than that is

an outstanding challenge to the far distant from organized church followers of Christ today, but the work. call is for a cooperative service: Cooperation financially has made Health, educational, social and it possible for the Council of Womreligious agencies must offer a en for Home Missions to transform united service if the need is to be the thinking of a few communities met, but the church must lead in where migrants throng. It needs community program and not fol- demonstration stations to convince low. It is folly to duplicate the the grower, the community, the work of other agencies-the func- church, that new ideals can enter tion of the church is to sanction migrant camps; that lives can be where other agencies have better transformed; that the problem of equipment for the task and to sup- the grower can be lessened and betplement by fostering community ter service gained if camps are sentiment in enforcement cam- made habitable, health conditions paigns and the educating of com- bettered and moral training given. munity attitudes. Denominational It is the cooperative service that competition must be forgotten that the grower welcomes, he wants no denominational cooperation may divisive effort in his camp, but a offer service: That the church may Christian service wins respect; he serve there must be welcomes the Christian teacher, nurse, and friendly visitor who will Intelligent cooperation with secular migrate with the migrants. Where agencies. the grower welcomes he supports the work. More adequate training for ministers and workers entering rural fields. The church must lead in trans- forming the thought of communi- Willingness to allow the home mis- ties; in making possible the assion agency best fitted for the work similation of the migrant into the to occupy the field. community life, we must first make this life attractive to him be- A Christlike attitude on the part fore you can make him desire it! of Christian people. This can be done only through in- timate contact with "living epis- Home training which will allow tles," radiating the love of Him friendship projects with the alien on who came to serve. Only the our doorstep as well as with the child church can change the tragedy of across the sea. the life of the migrant and make of him an asset instead of a men- Education within the church group ace to the national life of America. which will stress the economic values of the work of the migratory group– The answer to the question, "Who is the racial contributions and the in- my neighbor?" must take in all the dividual worth and the potential pos- children of men, whatever their race, sibility of the migrant child. color or creed.-William Lyon Phelps.

Protective legislation and enforce- We measure the greatness of a man ment to insure the migratory worker by what he does in adversity.-A. W. the rights, protection and environ- Beaven.

ment which should be the right 0-1 every citizen.

An adequate financial support for the agencies such as the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, etc., in the putting on of surveys and programs in fields

MISSIONARIES USE THE

BY HUBERT W. PEET, London, England Editor 01 the Far and Near Pres8 Bureau M ANY missionaries in far dis- with others living in isolated spots. tant lands find in wireless a In the New Hebrides advance in- new means of refreshment, formation of coming storms is spiritual, mental and recreational. greatly helping the missionaries in "The wireless keeps us from becom- breaking down belief in witchcraft ing old fogies and 'moss-backs,'" and the rain-maker. An Indian said one man living in the forests missionary says that during King of the Amazon. The chief obstacles, George's illness he was pestered for apart from expense, are atmospher- daily reports of the King's health ics; difficulty regarding recharging by the people of his village.

batteries, as in Tristan da Cunha; This same missionary takes his or the climatic effect on the receiv- home-made four-valve set with him er. The Bjshop of Melanesia says when he visits other villages in everything soon goes rusty in his Bengal. He puts up his aerial in part of the world. On the other the palm trees and listens to the hand, in Persia, Bishop Linton's afternoon Bengali program from difficulty is that the Baku Station Calcutta. The villagers crowd jams Daventry in three languages! round his loud-speaker to listen be~ Missionaries, in some fields, are fore he begins preaching and teach- among the few people who are able ing.

to listen to the events "the day be- The most ambitious missionary fore they occur !" For calendar pur- use of wireless in India is the poses the day is deemed to begin at scheme being carried out by Mr.

the 180th meridian which runs Harold H. Peterson, of the Y. M.

from Behring Sea to the South C. A., Lahore. Their Radio Club Pole: New Zealand is on the west last year obtained a transmitting of this line, and the Cook Islands license from the Indian Govern- are on the east of this Date line. ment, permitting them to broad- Before the sun sets in the Cook cast on 340 metres with a power of Islands area, it is heralding the 100 watts. Their station is entirely next day of the month in New Zea- home-made and their programs land. Thus when it is still Satur- cover an area of over fifteen hun- day night with the missionary in dred miles. In addition to their the Cook Islands he and his island- own stUdio in the Y. M. C. A. build- ers can listen to the Sunday morn- ing, they have wires running to the ing service being broadcast in New Forman Christian College and to Zealand! When the Rugby team the Lahore Telephone Exchange.

play a test match in Wellington, They can thus pick up and broad- New Zealand, on Saturday, the re- cast valuable lectures and talks, suIt is heard by wireless on Friday both in English and the vernacular, in Cook Islands. given elsewhere than in the studio.

This opportunity of getting news Dr. Lindsay, Master of Balliol Col- by radio is one of the great advan- lege, Oxford, dUring his recent visit tages which missionaries now share to India, spoke on Adult Education, 832 and three members of the Indian ast, four hundred miles from the Round Table Conference on their coast in Central Africa, reports return, gave accounts of their ex- "static is as bad as anywhere on periences in England. This is a earth." After he had made a short- wonderful piece of work, especial- wave set, he began to pick up code ly as all the operations and main- messages from amateurs from all tenance are carried out by inter- over the world; Australians in the ested amateurs, British, American afternoon; South Africans and and Indian. Englishmen in the evening; Amer- Another interesting example of icans in the early morning. One the missionary use of wireless is at evening he heard the Queen of the the School for the Deaf, belonging Netherlands opening a new Dutch to the Church of England Zenana station. The two British Stations Mission at Mount Lavinia, Ceylon. are heard plainly and Nairobi, in By the use of what is called an "os- East Africa, comes over well. He siphone," those who can hardly also hears American stations. This hear ordinary speech are able to was all done on a home-made set, listen to wireless programs. . constructed, as he said, of "any old Excellent educational work is also junk." He never had more than being done in some parts of China, three fairly good. valves. He made although in certain remote districts his condenser out of some pieces of the uneducated fear that the aerials brass washboard and a broken are some devilish form of entangle- photographic developing tray; he ment! improvised other gadgets out of At Jefferson Academy, a mission- odds and ends. For a time he re- ary school twelve miles from Peip- made his batteries by adding zinc ing, a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Eu- and sal-ammoniac to old ones. Later gene J. Fan, is responsible for two he constructed a small dynamo, weekly broadcasts from the school, driven by a water-wheel, and cut up power for the transmission being an old motor battery which he obtained from the Peiping Tram- mounted in test tubes and charged.

ways plant. These programs are The authorities in the district-it picked up by the workers from the was not British territory-were school and also by the village very suspicious of what he was do- churches. Mr. Fan has taught ing, but his success is an indica- many of the boys how to make sets tion of what a missionary, who is of their own, through which they also a wireless enthusiast, may ac- pick up Chinese and Japanese sta- complish.

tions. The Japanese broadcasting Anglican and Roman Catholic system is well developed, and mis- missionaries in East Africa are sionaries are not infrequently in- hoping great things from the de- vited to·speak or preach over them: velopment of educational programs Missionaries on the Gold Coast at the wireless station at Nairobi, of West Africa set their clocks by in Kenya Colony. Some of them Big Ben, in London, but over a can pick up stations as far afield as great area of Africa, atmospherics Java and Australia, but such pro- and the small number of broadcast- grams are of little educational ing centers prevent missionaries value for African listeners.

making much use of wireless pro- Another wireless expert, Mr.

grams. One experienced enthusi- George Kirby Raws, of Liverpool, 3 went out to help Mr. Kendall Gale veloped wireless service in the in a very undeveloped part of northern parts of Australia in con- Madagascar. They get European, nection with its medical centers.

American and South African sta- Each post is. equipped with a wire- tions. Mr. Gale says that it is dif- less outfit through which it is pos- ficult to express what it meant to sible to communicate with their fly- listen-in to a Birmingham concert ing doctor at his center hundreds and to think that his wife and chil- of miles away. At first the great dren in that city were probably difficulty was how to provide a listening-in too. The fact that he simple type of generator for the can hear the preacher breathing transmission of messages. The and some of the congregation Mission solved the problem by the coughing, as he did recently during use of an apparatus, the power for a Westminster Abbey broadcast which is generated by the operator service, seems to eliminate the dis- with a pair of pedals, as if he were tance between Madagascar and cycling. Today the isolated mis- England, and make him a worship- sionaries and nurses can get advice per in London. and help with very little delay. A The more primitive of the Afri- letter from a missionary in the can tribes; who have been able to Gulf of Carpentaria tells how his listen-in to some missionary's set, receiving and transmitting set has soon tire of this white man's won- broken down his feeling of isola- der. They appear to prefer the tion. Last autumn he sent out by gramophone, which is a more un- his transmitter a description of the derstandable mystery, especially as symptoms from which he was suf- the number of records in native fering and shortly afterwards he languages is rapidly increasing. received a message that the remedy One of the first "wireless" instal- was on its way by aeroplane to lations in the Far North was at the catch the boat which visits his is- Moravian Mission School at Nak- land every four months.

kovik, Labrador. It came in re- Missionaries in the Fly River sponse to a Sunday afternoon talk area of New Guinea, where· James six years ago, when Captain Jack- Chalmers was murdered, now pick son mentioned the need for a re- up Australian programs. In the ceiving set. More than one church Gilbert Islands, some of the most in Newfoundland now broadcasts lonely in the Pacific, the Beru Sta- services which are picked up by tion of the London Missionary So- fishing fleets, and by missionaries ciety has a wireless transmitter and settlers in the Far North. In and is able to communicate by Alaska, the missionary at the Pres- Morse Code with the Government byterian Mission at Anchorage, and Phosphate Commission wire- regularly puts his services "on the less operator on Ocean' Island.

air" for the benefit of scattered lis- Last year five hundred Gilbertese teners in those Arctic regions. Bibles were wanted in Beru, so a Frequently wireless brings aid to wireless order was sent via Ocean sufferers in the mission field. In Island and Sydney to the Bible Australia both air and ether enter House. The books were delivered into the regular programs of work by the "John Williams" only four- undertaken by the Australian In- and-a-half months later, whereas land Mission, which has a well-de- ordinarily it would have taken over

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

a year between the sending of the right,' and I've been a Christian message and the delivery of the ever since." This lady later had Bibles. The workers on Beru now evidence of the reality of the new know when they may expect a visit life this man was living, for he was from the "John Williams," or what known everywhere for his truthhat! happened when she is late. worthiness.

A lady who was visiting the In refreshing men and women Pyramids in Egypt asked her in their loneliness in the mission camel~driver if he were a Chris- field with news, amusement, as well tian, "Yes, now," he replied. as services, and as an instrument "Last year, went to England with for the dissemination of knowledge my master. On wireless I heard and the spread of the Christian of Jesus Christ. I heard nothing Message, wireless has an increasbut a voice. I go on my knees and ing part to play in building the I say 'Here am L' Jesus said 'All Kingdom of God.

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

T HE modern missionary move- than when Dr. Wainwright went to ment is more than a century that country forty years ago. old and marvels of spiritual triumph have attended its course. It is not cause for discourage- Millions of people have been con- ment that evangelization is so far verted to Christ; other millions from complete in the world. While have been given Christian educa- the increase of population has outtion. Other millions have been run the increase of Christians, the blessed through its healing agency; influence of false religion has not other millions who have not pro- kept pace with the influence of fessed conversion have been in- Christianity. The world never fluenced by its lofty standards. needed Christ and His Gospel more than men need Him today. These Some people at home, who can- are stirring times and, unless the not make an intelligent appraise- course of events is steered by ment of the situation, are inclined Christ, disaster impends. to conclude that the end of the enterprise must be near at hand. This is the time for advance all Such a conclusion is far from the along the line. The Church of facts. There are 100,000,000 more people in India today who have no Christ has every facility for conmore idea of the meaning of quest, except consecration. Let Christ's name than there were there be a holy abandon to the when William Carey started the work of winning the whole wide modern era of missions. world to God and full dependence on Him, and the Kingdom will There are more people in Japan move forward with greatly accelerwho have no~ heard the Gospel ated step. – Wesleyan Christian Advocate.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN *

BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan T HE Kingdom of God Move- correspondingly, and in the period ment is the third great na- of two and one-half years up to tional evangelistic campaign July, 1930, I have received as many in Japan since the turn of the cen- as fifty thousand decision cards.

tury. Though in both of the pre- During a recent trip of only a little vious campaigns some denomina- over a month to North Japan and tions participated, some remained Saghalien, I have had about four outside. This time excepting the thousand cards signed in my meet- Roman and Greek Churches and ings.

the new Holiness Church which It is evident that the Kingdom has hardly had time yet to "find it- of God Movement was launched at self," all the denominations of any the right moment. If we had size are participating, represent- waited until this year to start it, ing a total of more than two hun- it would have been too late. Get- dred thousand believers altogether. ting started before the anti-reli- This campaign is thus more ade- gious movement had gathered mo- quate and more unanimous than mentum it headed it off from the any previous one. beginning, and is already nation- Moreover, the nation is ripe for wide in its influence for Christ.

a great forward Christian move- Consequently Imperial University ment. Millions of people who want professors are commenting on the to believe in the Gospel are remain- belated anti-religious movement, ing unreached. To this fact I can calling it unnatural and expecting testify from my personal experi- that it will not enlist much public ence. After the earthquake of support.

1923 I preached for one hundred The gratifying numerical re- and twenty-four successive nights ports of the Kingdom of God Move- in the various churches of Tokyo, ment should not, however, be mis- and received about 5700 decision interpreted. I have been told that cards from those who had decided some of our friends are counting for Christ in the meetings. In up the statistics and computing 1926 I preached in Osaka and re- the possibilities of winning a mil- ceived about nine thousand; and lion new baptized Christians to in 1927 I travelled about Japan and the churches within the three-year received fifteen thousand. From period of 1930-1932. If the million June, 1928, to June, 1929, I re- are to be won in three years, the ceived . twenty thousand. Mean- first year and a half which is al- while I had become so convinced ready passed should yield a half by these experiences that Japan is million! And by what magic can ready for the Gospel that I ap- the last year and a half of the cam- pealed to the church, and it de- paign be made to bring forth the cided to take up this matter. Since great majority which must be won then the numbers have kept up before the million mark is at- • ICrom the .lapan Ohrl.tian Quarterlv. tained! If anyone is in such a 836 pitch of anxiety, I hasten to dis- days is rapidly corning to its peabuse him. Three years is not riod of effective expression. nearly long enough to win the million, and it was never my idea of A Christian society, and nothing doing so within that period. less, is the goal of the Kingdom of God Movement. Our aim is the What is the Kingdom of God thoroughgoing christianization of Movement? Is it the three years our community. We want to reof cooperative evangelism now be- vive the Koinonia of the early ing conducted by the various de- church, as recorded in the Acts. nominations, organized in some This wonderful early Christian ninety district committees, operat- fellowship, based on a spontaneous ing under the Kingdom of God practice of the principle of the Movement Central Committee? Cross in social economics, was too evanescent. Yet because of it the No. This three-year campaign apostles were able to give their tesis merely one of the elements in timony to the Resurrection "with the total Kingdom of God Move- great power." We shall not regain ment and but a preliminary one. the fulness of their Pentecostal ex- If it serves to unify the denomina- perience until we have re-incartional differences sufficiently to nated Incarnate Love in an organcreate a habit of cooperation in a ization of society embodying the nation-wide Christian program, best light that has been vouchsafed my hopes for it will have been sat- by the Spirit of God through the isfied. two thousand intervening years of human labor and intellectual striv- When the 1930-1932 three-year ings. period shall have been completed, I look forward to what will be the It is idle to speculate as to when real Kingdom of God Movement. the million new baptized Chris- By that time I hope the churches tians will be won to the churches. will be able to work shoulder to They will corne when the church shoulder in carrying out the va- reforms itself so as to fit their rearious elements of the program-a sonable expectations. They are program which is based in every facing the problem of unemploydetail on tested experience. ment. What has Christ to offer them? They are facing the in- Reinforcing the Chw:ch creasingly desperate struggle for existence even while retaining jobs The church should be ready to at ever-lessening wages. They are work as a unity (though the old facing Marxism, with its immense denominational machinery be still concrete experiment before their unchanged, except by the happy eyes in near-by Russia. They loss of its competitiveness): and know more about Marxism with this unit of several hundred thou- its economic program than do most sand Christians will not be work- church members. Unless the Kinging alone. It will be reinforced by dom of God Movement offers a betthe Labor Movement, the Farmers' ter program of economics-better Union, the Proletarian Political in theory, better in sustained ac- Groups, and to a large extent by tion-than . does the Soviet, they the Government itself. To this cannot be expected to flock into the impressive array of constructive forces should be added the Wom- churches. an's Movement, which in these

Is there anything better, as a profit-seeking on an individualistic method of emancipation, than the level, our world has hardly adgrim effectiveness of violent revo- vanced beyond the jungle-stage. lution? To some whose patience is We have applied science to the exexhausted history speaks in the ploitation of natural resources; negative. They point to the long but not yet to the organization of record of wars for freedom. I am production, distribution, credit, startled at the number even of ear- and consumption of manufactured nest Christians, in China, in the prodUcts. We must hasten to take United States, and elsewhere, who the next step, of organization of are today turning toward the Rus- all these processes, and of their resian method as a solution. The sulting human relations. Kingdom of God Movement has abundant historical precedent. Marx fails to show us how to do History has hidden its most pre- this. His idea is merely on the cious nuggets beneath those over- old fighting level. He has no proemphasized records of political gram for the future. It is to the wars and doctrinal controversies. Kingdom of God Movement that Bit by bit we are unearthing this we must look for future programs. priceless history of Love, of the brotherhood movement, which has Our Canadian friends are startbroken out again and again in spite ing a Kingdom of God Movement in of all opposition,-from the second Canada-stimulated by the Kingchapter of Acts onward. Even dom of God Movement. They are the communist movement itself is defining their movement as a a perverted imitation of that great search primarily for the expression Christian fellowship! of the mind of Christ in economics.

The Effect of Marxism The precedents from history af- forded by the brotherhood move- Though its immediate results ment provide us with the methods are remote from that early ideal, of economic and social organizaeventually we shall learn to be tion in which the mind of Christ grateful even for the coming of is manifest. And here again Marx Marxism. When in the tenth cen- helps us. For his followers in tury Christianity lost its purity, Russia, starting out with a pro- Mohammedanism came and puri- gram of violent suppression of the fied Christianity. When in the cooperati.ves, promptly reacted to nineteenth century Christianity reality, and reversed their plans to forgot the poor, Marxism came the revival of the Russian type of and caused us to think of them. cooperatives, within four years of If we had practiced the Cross of the start of the Revolution. Can Jesus, there would have been no we Christians react with equal need for Marxism to come. flexibility?

Marx was a social pathologist. Are we Christians to give up our He has made a diagnosis of the religious program and substitute evils of the present order and for it economic propaganda? By shows us that everywhere its eco- no means. I hope that Christians nomics lack organization. Owing all over this country will increasto the laissez fai1'e system and the ingly become leaders in the indigeacceptance of competition and nous system of cooperatives al- ready in existence in Japan. This they can do mostly as an avocation,

THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN 83!J

without surrending any of their which I hope to win the authorities religious and other duties. But in the medical field, the physicians they must first become educated in themselves, to a program of socio- the Cooperative Movement. A na- economic cooperation, and conse- tion-wide Mutual Aid Sick Coop- quently by the force of their ex- erative Insurance Society is to be ample to convince the laity includ- organized throughout the churches ing the church members. The suc- of Japan, federated in one national cess of this medical cooperative had society. Through this Society for been assured by two factors: by sick-benefits, the church people Dr. Nitobe's consenting to head it; will see the vision and learn the and by the personal life-consecra- genius of the cooperative move- tion of four physicians, all special- ment. Thus introduced to it, they ists in various fields and possessors may be expected to lay hold, also, of higher degrees in medicine.

upon the organization of other so- These men, Dr. Kato, Dr. Hirose, cial services besides sick benefits; Dr. Hattori, and Dr. Sunada, men old age pensions; educational co- in their forties, are at their prime operatives for the education of and possessors of lucrative private children; mothers' pensions; un- practices. Nevertheless, at the employment insurances, etc. They April 20th, 1931, meeting of the may be counted on also for leader- Physicians' Utility Cooperative, ship in the organization of the they circulated a manifesto declar- central economic processes of pro- ing their joint consecration to the duction, distribution, credit and new movement, a testimony to the consumption-in producers' util- early influence of the Y. M. C. A.

ity, credit, and consumers' coop- upon them during their student erative unions. days.

We have enough of these various The immediate objective of the types of cooperatives already in ex- movement is a Cooperative Hos- istence in Japan, and enough of a pital to be located in Shinjiku, tendency to cooperative inherent in with branches to be established in our national fabric, to guarantee various parts of Tokyo Fu, begin- the result, if Christians will put ning in Honjo Ward. Medical into their management both sacri- costs will thus be reduced to the ficial and skilled devotion. Thus minimum and made available to the we have ready the Christian equiv- great middle classes who otherwise alent of Marxism and something can hardly afford to call a physi- that goes far beyond it in philoso- cian. At present only the very phy and effectiveness. For it is rich, or such of the very poor as doubtful whether a society founded get free treatment, may be said to on the principle and practice of have adequate care, medically dictatorship will ever be able to speaking. When the Tokyo coop- apply fully the principle of coop- erative gets well started, we can eration. start all over the country, espe- Medicine and the Kingdom cially in the 2909 villages which are entirely without medical pro- I have therefore decided to con- vision.

centrate effort first on starting Is the Kingdom of God Move- what may be called "The Kingdom ment to cease to be a program of of God Movement in Medicine" by preaching in order to become a

program of economics? By no both sides. Christianity is a Gos- means. The Kingdom of God pel for society as well as for the Movement includes both of these individual. This is the literal activities and is primarily a pro- teaching of the Sermon on the gram of organization. Its first Mount.

year of 1930 saw the organization We know that there are Chrisof preaching in new methods of tian individuals everywhere who evangelism, of which the a. b. c. are not living as Christian citizens. was interdenominational coopera- Many of them are making comtion. Its second year of 1931 is promises with existing economic seeing the organization of Gospel conditions. They are not living up schools to train lay preacliers, both to the declaration Jesus Christ rural and urban. Eventually we made at Nazareth. If they would hope to augment the ordained live up to the true meaning of the clergy by five thousand of such Gospel, there would be no room volunteer workers, trained in the left for Communism. Gospel schools, but able to work at their own charges. Some mysticism is individualis- tic; some is inclined to be emo- By no means shall we lessen the tional, and some, traditional. If emphasis ,on evangelism, which we have mysticism we should make will go on with ever-increasing it ethical mysticism. This was the force as the Gospel schools send distinction between true and false forth their graduates. In 1932 I prophets in Old Testament times. look forward to the organization The reason why the Greek Cathof Christian cooperatives, one by olic Church and religious values in one, beginning with the Physi- general are despised in Soviet Ruscians' Utility Cooperative which is sia is because the Russian State described above, and of which the Church laid emphasis on individfirst unit, the clinic, opened in Sep- ualistic experience and not social tember, 1931, while the hospital is standards. not scheduled to open until two years later. As soon as Christian Christ laid emphasis on social- public sentiment makes it possible ized individuality, as contrasted we hope to follow this Physicians' with egoistic individualism. But Cooperative by one for the laity, unfortunately after the industrial the Mutual Aid Sick Insurance So- revolution came to the world, indi- ciety for church members. And vidualistic competition outside the then on into all the phases of the Church carried the whole culture cooperative movement, using those toward egoism and secularism. If already organized by the govern- we could have managed the great ment, etc., whenever possible. industrial revolution according to Unless Christ is made the centre Christian motivation, this world- of the social movement and of the wide catastrophe would not have religious movement, Japan will taken place. Jesus Christ is today never be saved. The Church in the saying to us, "The Kingdom of past laid emphasis more on the in- God is near; believe in the Gospel, dividual experience of Christ than and repent!" Repent from what?

on making Christ manifest in so- From egotistic individualism, to so- ciety. The Sermon on the Mount cial ethical mysticism, as embodied gives a well-balanced picture of in the Kingdom of God Movement.

LIFE IN AFRICA

AMERICA BY LILLIAN OYLER, Ontario, Oregon .A Mi88ionary in the Sudan and La·ter in Oregan ; FTER twenty-four years' ex- roundings or personal appearance.

flperience as a foreign mission- As a rule, British officers are very ary in Africa, I am now a careful to observe the conventions home missionary in one of the Pa- of refined society and so preserve cific Coast States. We have some- their self-respect, and the respect times heard these two spheres of of the natives. It is even more work contrasted as to importance important that missionaries of and the sacrifice involved. Christ should consider even more It is my conviction that any for- carefully their personal appear- eign missionary makes very little ance and their home life so that personal sacrifice compared with they may lead others to a better that made by the parents who face life. Clothing and household equip- the vacant chair. ment need not be expensive, but At times the cost of living at they should be clean and appro- home is contrasted with that in a priate.

foreign mission field. We have It is true a foreign missionary, found that it costs our family of in some fields, misses congenial four twenty-five per cent more to social life, but it is equally true in live in the sage-brush country of home mission fields. In both fields, Western America than it did on missionaries find it possible to the plains of Africa. The home of create their own enjoyment, and to one who seeks to lead others to a find some method of relaxation higher plane of living, must be a and recreation.

center of C h r i s t ian culture, As to health at home and abroad, whether his living quarters consist Africa is often called "the white of one room or an entire house. All man's grave." True, a tropical who come to that home must find jungle is not a country for a care- there a sincere welcome and this less foreigner, nor for one indif- means added expense. I remember ferent to use common sense. E.

that on one particular trek in Alexander Powell, has well said, Africa we were the guests of an- "A European of average physique other missionary family for a has comparatively little to fear month. Whether we were living in from the diseases of the Congo if a small barge on the river, or were he will practice moderation in all camping on shore in a small hut things, take as much exercise as mad e of coarsely-woven grass possible, keep his body clean, wear mats, within five minutes after his helmet in the sun and mosquito each move that missionary mother boots in the evening, drink water gave to our surroundings a real that has been both boiled and fil- touch of home. tered, sleep under a mosquito net, On the foreign mission field one take quinine either daily or when- is sometimes tempted to think, ever he feels run down, and re- "Oh, anything will do" as to sur- frain from needless worry."

841

One handicap or difficulty that are few and far between, and a foreign missionary must face is worse still, the local schools are the acquisition of the language of usually inefficient and there are no the country or tribe in which he funds to send the children else- works. In many cases this duty is where.

irksome, but to or~ who takes joy For some reason generous indi- in learning to speak a foreign viduals seem much more inclined tongue such work is a delight. to supply extras-such as automo- Even a home missionary must biles-to foreign missionaries than become accustomed to the vernacu- to those at home. Friends and lar of those among whom he works. supporters look upon a worker Both at home and abroad the mis- from foreign fields on furlough as sionaries must acquaint themselves a hero, and give applause which is with the customs and the sur- seldom given a home missionary roundings of their parishioners. who has labored as faithfully al- To the human mind there is a though more inconspicuously.

great contrast between the sins of All missionary work demands Oriental or African countries with much time for Bible study, and the those of so-called Christian lands. daily cultivation of spiritual life.

The evils met in foreign lands and Good literature or a "hobby" can the sins of civilized nations are be utilized as a "safety valve" and all evil in the sight of God, but enables one to accomplish far more one should take into consideration than by continuing on a daily that sins of non-Christian people grind. It is, however, even more are often committed in the name difficult to do this in home mission of their religion, while in Chris- fields than in many foreign lands.

tian lands every evil thought and Both at home and abroad there deed is in direct disobedience to the are humble followers of the Lord teachings and spirit of Christ. Jesus from whom we can learn The salary of a home mission- much in prayer, and there are ary is usually considerably less many souls hungry for sympathy than that of a foreign missionary. and encouragement.

In addition as a rule the traveling There are thousands across the expenses of a foreign missionary seas who have never heard the are paid, including vacation or fur- Gospel, and who are "waiting for lough allowance. A certain sum is the messenger of God who cometh also provided for outfit and freight late." In many foreign fields the charges to the field. Children have indigenous church has reached the a certain allowance made from stage where it is almost autono- birth until the child finishes its mous and where the native Chris- education. Most foreign missions tian forces are doing much of the also have schools, partly financed work for the unevangelized.

by the Foreign Board, to which A recent report of The Home the children may be sent. Missions Council of North Amer- A home missionary in America, ica tells us that, "there are 10,000 however, receives only a monthly communities in America without salary and a portion of his travel- churches of any kind, 30,000 vil- ing expenses to his new field of lages without a resident pastor of labor. This system often works any faith, and 13,400,000 children hardship. Vacations and furloughs under 12 who are receiving no re-

MISSIONARY LIFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA

ligious instruction whatever." It to let our light shine abroad it is is not difficult for a home mission- clear evidence that it is burning ary to believe such startling state- dimly at home. The rays of our ments. Weare located in a district Christian influence will be weak as large as the State of Vermont across the seas if we fail to begin for which our little struggling con- at Jerusalem. We must first pray gregation is responsible. The for cleansing in our own hearts county contains many villages scat- and lives. If every life and family, tered here and there, with only and community could reflect Christ eleven organized congregations of and would manifest the power of various denominations, served by the Holy Spirit, then the world eight resident ministers, and less would soon be evangelized. than one thousand members. It is more difficult to secure active LITTLE POEMS BY LEPER Christian workers among these CHRISTIANS members than among Christians in foreign fields. The carelessness Interpreted by Lois Johnson Erickson, and indifference are appalling. The Taka-matsu, Japan excuses given for absence from services ar.e as unconvincing and The leper patients at Oshima as untrue as those which we heard have a "Poetry Club" which is one of their greatest sources of pleasin Africa. ure. The Christians print their In this vast county we find con- poems in their monthly magazine and have published enough to make ditions such as are reported by a several volumes. The following fellow missionary in an adjoining poems are from the magazine, and county where many of the young are by different lepers whose folks from twenty to twenty-five names are placed after the several years of age have never previously verses. Each verse is a complete heard a sermon, and many children poem.-Editor of the Presbyterian do not know what a church is. One Survey. family confessed that it was the first time they had heard a minis- The red flame of Jesus' blood ter pray in eighteen years! Back Turns all my frozen heart to fire! in the hills there are hundreds of families who have no means of *** transportation except on horseback, or in a wagon, and they must The soul who knows his God, travel over rocky trails instead of Though of earth's smallest things, on surfaced roads. Up to the great wide heavens The real difficulties and hard- May mount on wings! ships in home missions and foreign missions are not very different. * * .. They are equally important and one cannot exist without the other. Heartily row, children of God, The foundations of foreign work Put forth your strength, are in home missions and if we Face storm without fear neglect to strengthen our stakes at Heed not wind nor night–row on; home we cannot lengthen our cords The harbor of Heaven is near. of influence abroad. *** On the other hand, if we neglect Only Thy power can make my sin-sick o spirit whole, to my soul! Divine Saviour, precious -Hayashi.

* * ::t:: This will I say, that firm I tread the road I cannot see, Because the hand of One-Who-Loves -Takamoto. Is leading me!

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE MORMONS?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. LA RUE, Washington, D. C.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE chief need for giving the The Mormons also need to be Gospel of Christ to the Mor- evangelized in order that they may mons is the people themselves. be delivered from the superstition In many respects they are a splen- which binds them with strong did people, sincere and whole- bands that are not easily broken.

hearted in their faith. They are They are taught that entrance into willing to lay their lives upon the celestial glory depends upon faith- altar of sacrifice in order to uphold ful continuance in their faith as and propagate their religion. Not long as life shall last. They are only are they ready to give up their under such a spell of superstition lives to service but are also ready that they will not allow themselves to place their fortunes at the call to doubt. They have been taught of their leaders. that all other churches are man- Most of these people are of made and wrong in the sight of American and English stock. They God, and that the Mormon Church are preeminently religious and is the one and only true Church of many of them have been members God on earth. Notwithstanding of evangelical churches. In many the many obvious errors, and the instances their experience with sins of the leaders, they believe Mormonism is a result of the per- that eternal salvation is to be found sistent activity of Mormon mis- only in Mormonism.

sionaries. Whoever undertakes to carry the The Mormon people need to be Gospel of Christ to Mormons will evangelized in order that they may meet with tremendous difficulties.

have right spiritual leadership. Other sects with false teachings They have spiritual capacity which and corrupt leadership have arisen is in dire need of direction. For and have worn themselves away in some strange reason they have sub- the processes of time. Among the mitted themselves body and soul to Mormons themselves have arisen a the leadership of Mormon proph- number of sects with leaders claim- ets, which has been the chief source ing divine and exclusive preroga- of corruption in their religious life. tives whose devotees remain un- There are several hundreds of wavering until death.

thousands of Mormons who need When a Mormon can no longer evangelizing because of the crude endure the teachings and leader- and perverted teachings which are ship of his cult, he usually either a mixture of truth and error. Once abandons religion entirely, or iden- within the Mormon fold, even to tifies himself with one of the many question these teachings would in- factions.

vite suspicion and ostracism. In The Mormon has a deep convic- former days apostates were quickly tion that if Mormonism is false disposed of so that the people have nothing else is true. He has the accepted the awful things their conviction that all other religions leaders have taught-including are corrupt and false. As he lis- many gods and many wives. tens to an evangelical minister 844 there are psychological barriers to the Mormon people who have read his reception of the truth present- it.

ed. He feels that this minister has In the same spirit, in my volume not the authority to speak such as on "The Foundations of Mormon- is possessed by the Mormon priest- ism," I attempted to demonstrate hood. Every missionary to the from the original documentary Mormons must pursue his labors sources that the foundation prin- knowing that this almost impene- ciples of Mormonism are untenable.

trable wall of prejudice exists. The truth, spoken in love, is the This may be the reason why the only weapon we are justified in effort to evangelize the Mormons using in the contention against this has so far produced little fruit. cult. So far as I know, no attempt What then is the best method to has been made to reply to my book.

pursue to carryon an effective Let Christian workers everywhere work of evangelizing the Mormon show patience and sympathy with people? Is it not worthwhile to the Mormon people, not with any consider some new approach? sin but with the sinner. As he To begin with there should be a may have opportunity let every strong emphasis upon patience and Christian help the Mormons to get sympathy. -In the past most anti- rid of sin.

Mormon propagandists have shown Mohammedans and Mormons a woeful lack of these qualities.

Usually they have publicly de- Both Mohammedans and Mor- nounced the false teachings and mons are devoted to the leadership corrupt practices of Mormonism of so-called prophets; both have without making any constructive special books for which they claim effort to correct them. The evils divine inspiration; both are zealous of Mormonism have been sufficient in the propagation of their faith; to test the patience and to chill the both adhere to doctrines that clash sympathy of anyone but little good with modern civilization. It is can be accomplished without pa- about equally difficult to convert tience and sympathy. A pamphlet either to Christianity. But we must entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as a keep on with the work of evangeli- Translator," issued by the late zation through Christian churches, Bishop F. S. Spalding, of Utah, schools, and community Ii f e.

shows, in the most kindly, yet ef- Churches should hold out a sympa- fective way, that the claims made thetic and helpful hand to every by Joseph Smith, Jr., as a trans- Mormon so as to help him see truth lator of Egyptian would not bear and duty in a new light, and to put the scrutiny of scholarship. The himself under the leadership of Bishop said, "My object in writing Jesus Christ alone.

the pamphlet was not to inform the Many changes are now taking world that Joseph Smith's transla- place in the world of thought. Our tions were inaccurate, and that hope is that the rising generation therefore his claim to be a prophet of the Mormons will, with the aid of God was invalid, but to try to of advanced education, be able to convince the Mormons themselves weigh carefully the claims made of those facts." The publication for Mormonism and will find that of this pamphlet has had a pro- they are wanting.

found and beneficial effect upon Meanwhile the propaganda of

Mormonism goes forward. The The government of the Church is by Mormon choir and the tones of the divine authority through Priesthood…. great organ are heard over the In organic expression and functioning radio from Salt Lake City. Occa- there must be recognized grades and offisionally a new Temple is announced cial prerogatives and responsibility with where secret practices are per- supreme directional control resting in formed that bind men and women the Presidency as the Chief and first…. to the faith by sacred oaths. Just Our form of government is patriarchal or now a great Mormon Church is kingly in that it is the Kingdom of God, under process of erection in Wash- the Kingdom of Heaven. Our form of ington, D. C. This is sure to at- government places the lawmaking powers tract much attention. Statistics in heaven, the law of God being manishow that the membership is main- fested to the Church through His taining a gradual increase and Prophet. about the usual number of missionaries go out to the home and for- This teaching is regarded as a eign field to win converts. reviving of some of the crude Independence, Missouri, has for many years been regarded as the teachings of early Mormonism and Mecca of Mormonism. There are several factions of the cult located a group of aggrieved brethren de- there; among the most promi- clared, "The President's theory of nent are the J osephites, otherwise k now n as the "Reorganized government, while he terms it a Church"; the Brighamites, other- theocratic-democracy, under analwise known as the "Utah Church" ; the Hedrickites, otherwise known ysis proves to be a theocraticas "The Church of Christ." Other factions increase with the years. autocracy." The theories of Presi- The Reorganized Church has found itself in the toils of other and more dent Frederick M. Smith, however, serious troubles in recent years on account of the announcement of the prevailed, since his ideas were doctrine of "Supreme Directional found to be in accord with those Control" by the First Presidency. This is as follows: of his grandfather, founder of Mor- monism.

The student of Mormonism will note what an intricate and com- plicated situation he must meet when he attempts to evangelize the Mormons of any sect; there is hope for all who, like Mr. Thomas W.

Williams, representing the group of dissenters, will dare to say, "Christ alone is our leader."

Let us endeavor to evangelize the Mormons. The people are far too good for Mormonism.

THE FAITH OF A SCIENTIST Science laid the foundations for a new and a stupendous advance in man's conception of God, for a sublimer view of the world and of man's place and destiny in it …. Personally, I believe that essential religion is one of the world's supremest needs, and I believe that one of the greatest contributions that the United States ever can make to world progress will consist in furnishing an example to the world of how the religious life of a nation can evolve intelligently, wholesomely, inspiringly, reverently, completely divorced from all unreason, all superstition and all unwholesome emotionalism.-DR. ROBERT MILLIKAN, President of the Amer'ican A.q.qociation for the Advancement of Science.

OPICS Of THE

Harassed China in a Troubled (Shantung), in Mukden, Kirin, Har- World bin, . Peitaying and other points in Manchuria, and between Chinese and The Christian Gospel of peace and Koreans in Pyengyang, Seoul and else- good will among men, the doctrines of where in Chosen. The Chinese charge the fatherhood of God and the brother- that Japanese have promoted strife hood of man, the centuries of experi- for the purpose of giving an excuse ence in the evil effects of war, the ad- for intervention in Manchuria, which vance of education, the Kellogg Pact, they are said to covet for colonization the League of Nations, the Hague and commercial exploitation. The Jap- Court, and the various peace and in- anese claim that Chinese have bombed ternational fellowship movements all the Japanese railway and have threat- ,seem powerless to keep peace among ened or damaged the lives and prop- nations. The human equation is at erty of Japanese citizens. The Soviet fault. Even "Christian" Europe is Government, sensing danger to the restless, suspicious and like a powder railway, which they control jointly barrel in the midst of sparks. Ap- with the Chinese, has massed troops parently only the vivid memory of the along the border near Manchuli and last World War, the knowledge of the Russian gunboats on the Sungari River fearful cost of another conflict and are reported to have fired on Chinese the calmness of some wi,se statesmen freight boats on the river near Har- keep European nations from flying to bin. There has also been some agita- arms. tion in North Manchuria and inner The peace of China, with one-fourth Mongolia, in Kirin Province, and in of the world's population, is also con- South Manchuria for autonomy and stantly threatened within and without. separation from Nanking. For an un- To communism, militarists, civil war, derstanding of what has been happen- bandits and brigands are added the ing in Manchuria we should remem- sufferings caused by oppressive pov- ber that while Manchuria is a part of erty and the recent devastations due China, treaty concessions make it al- to terrible floods, famine and pesti- most as much Japanese as Chinese lence. On top of all this China is now territory. The Japanese military sys- threatened by the Japanese military tern also leaves the army and navy, in activity in Manchuria, by mob attacks times of emergency, free from civil on Chinese in Chosen and by the control. These two facts make clear Soviet menace on the Siberian border. much that has appeared incomprehen- As to the cause of the troubles in sible in recent events.

Chosen and Manchuria, there are One effect of these disturbances has charges and countercharges between been shown in the ,savage attack on Chinese and Japanese. The difficulty Dr. C. T. Wang, the able and honored seems to have been caused by mutual Foreign Minister of China. Some suspicion and illwill, by a lack of pa- three hundred Chinese students in tience and wise statesmanship and by Nanking beat him severely, accusing the temper of the Japanese militarists. him of weakness in failing to persuade Riots and conflicts occurred between the League of Nations in intervening Japanese and Chinese in Peitaho in Manchuria. Dr. Wang has since 847

resigned; his place in the Kuomintang Protestant Episcopal Missions. – Government has been taken by Dr. Church and mission have sufferi:ld Alfred Sze, formerly Chinese amba~­ heavily. Water surrounded cathedral sador at Washington. and compound at Hankow. Rose to sec- ond floor of some bUildings. Churches In the midst of all this trouble, how- and schools damaged. One thousand ever, there are signs of hope that refugees gathered at Boone College China will gradually emerge "from and Middle School, Wuchang, and these many difficulties. The Japanese other thousands at Wuhu compound. have promised to withdraw their Kuikiang station flooded, also Hsiaktroops from the area not controlled by wan. Missions at Yangchow and Paotreaty which gives them the right to ying suffered heavily. Property damoperate the South Manchuria Railway. age $45,000 Mex. Relief measures The Canton and Nanking leaders are started. making negotiations to end civil war and to form a unified government. Southern Baptist Missions.- Some The floods have receded and measures fields affected but not seriously, so far are being put into operation to combat as is known at present. famine and pestilence. At times it seems to require some great disaster Methodist Episcopal Missions. – to teach the advantages of peace and Thousands of Christians, members of good will. If foes without will not the Methodist Episcopal Church, are take advantage of China's misfortunes in danger of di,sease and starvation. and if the Chinese will withstand com- Relief work has been started. More munist propaganda from Soviet Rus- than half the territorY of Central sia, and student agitatIon in favor of China Conference (24,700 sq. miles war with Japan, is end~d, there is hope with 12,500,000 people) and one-third that peace will come to China at last. of Kiangsi Conference (with 20,000 sq. miles and 8,000,000 people) were The Flood and Missions in China flooded. Thousands of Christians lost homes, farms, crops, goods, churches Chinese Christians and the mission- and schools. Mission hospitals at Wuaries in China have shared with others hu, Kiukiang and Nanchang handiin the awful suffering that has over- capped by food shortage but received taken those who live in the flooded many sufferers who camped on areas along the Yangtze River and the grounds. Grand Canal. The suffering will last for many months to come because of Presbyterian (North) Missions.- the destruction of crops and homes Flood seriously affected four stations. as well as the loss of life involved in Water above first floor of residences the disaster. and dispensary at Changteh. Refugees filled church. Much of Nanking under Letters already received from mis- water. Harvest ruined. Hwaiyuan sion boards having work in the dis- completely inundated. School buildtricts affected, reveal the following ings on high ground cared for refufacts: gees. Nansuchow and Lchow in flooded area but no report received. No build- Evangelical Luthevan Missions (Mis- ings destroyed. Relief work in operasouri and Ohio) .-Loss of some prop- tion. erty and much damage to submerged houses in the Wuhan cities. Mis- China Inland Mission.-Residences sionaries were at Kuling. Chinese and other buildings in Hankow flooded. Christians took refuge in upper stories Changsha (Hunan) flooded. Comof chapels and schools but loost most of munists are a menace. Food supplies their goods. Relief measures inau- low. Starvation and epidemics threaten gurated. Estimated loss to mission survivors. Most of Chengyangkwan $46,000, Mex. (Anhwei) under water.

No word has as yet been received from other missions.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Fleming H. Revell can Mi·ssion to Lepers, and for many years was vice-president of the Pres- An honored and beloved member of byterian Board of National Missions. the Board of Directors of THE RE- VIEW, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered For Chris~ian character, kindly disinto rest on Sunday, October 11th, at position, business integrity, wise counthe age of eighty-one. Mr. Revell had sel and true friendship, Mr. Revell been in ill health for a number of was highly honored and greatly beyears but had continued his interest loved by a wide circle of friends. in business and in many forms of Christian work until recently when he The Cost of War suffered from a fall at his home in Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, New York. War debts are only a small fraction The directors of THE REVIEW, with of the total cost of international strife. whom he has been intimately associ- The British Chancellor of the Exchegated for the past fifteen years as a uer Snowden reveals the following figfellow worker and friend, will keenly ures for the amount paid on war debts miss his genial and helpful comrad- by France, Italy, Roumania, Greece ship, as will many other boards of and Portugal since the treaty of Verwhich he was a member.. sailles and the sums paid as repara- tions by Germany, Austria, Bulgaria Fleming H. Revell was born in Chi- and Turkey up to June 15th, (period cago on December 11, 1849, and at of about twelve years). the age of twenty started the publishing business. This grew until the To Britwin To America firm which he established was known all over the world, with headquarters France ..•.•.•…. $218,000,000 $200,000,000 in New York and with branches in Italy . . . . . . . . . • • .. 115,000,000 39,000,000 Chicago, Edinburgh and London. They Roumanla …….. 4,375,000 2,700,000 specialized on evangelical literature and rendered a remarkably wide and Greece ……….• 5,875,000 300,000 useful service in publishing the books of such well-known Christian workers Portugal •…••… 8,750,000 as Andrew Murray, A. J. Gordon, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. Pierson, J. Camp- Germany has paid $5,131,500,000 in bell MorgllJl, R. A. Torrey, S. D. Gordon, Ralph Oonnor, Edward A. Steiner, reparations, including deliveries in Robert E. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, John McDowell and others. The firm kind and State properties. Austria also was the largest publisher of home and foreign missionary literature and has paid $4,210,000 by deliveries in in this way exerted, at home and abroad, an influence for good which kind, Bulgaria has paid $13,200,000 cannot be measured. His son, Fleming H. Revell, Jr., succeeds his father in cash and Turkey has paid nothing. in the presidency of the publishing firm. The cost of war also includes the A sister of Mr. Revell married the battleships, fortifications, ammunition, late Dwight L. Moody and thus was early formed with the great evangelist equipment, support of the army and an intimate fellowship that was fruitful in many ways. Mr. Revell was a navy, pensions, bonuses, hospitals, care trustee of the Northfield Schools, founded by Mr. Moody; for twenty- of wounded, insurance, etc., etc. But five years was treasurer of the Ameri- the greatest cost is in the sacrifice of 4 human life; the physical disablement of men, women and children; the dis- eases spread; the diversion of public attention and activity into destructive channels; the destruction of the spirit of brotherhood; the degrading influ- ences exerted; the fierce passions un- leashed; and the spiritual life de- stroyed. These losses and dehumaniz- ing influences are infinitely worse than the financial cost of war-tremendous and far reaching as that is. Civiliza- tion is threatened with destruction to- day-thirteen years after the armi- stice-and yet men and women still prepare for war more than for peace!

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

USEFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR Illustrations for other lines will EFFEOTIVE WORK Ruggest themselves.

By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD Enrolling the Children How to Record Honor Points A missionary cradle roll is often neglected because not properly brought If your organization has an honor to the notice of young mothers. One roll, or uses a credit system, the fol- society had a card printed with a lowing method will prove simple and little empty frame in the center sureffective for either children or adults. rounded by the words: "There is an On a large sheet of cardboard draw empty space in our cradle roll album a series of mountains or hills, each which your baby's face should fill." one marked as one of the goals-as, This was sent to every mother. "All dues paid," "Report sent in promptly," _"Representative sent to The Junior Book, "Open Windows" convention," etc. Head the chart with the words "Hills we have climbed," or Leaders of Junior groups studying "Mountains Scaled." Keep it before Miss Entwistle's book may well take the eyes of members at every meeting. for their own memory verses, Isa. 54: As soon as an honor point is attained, 12-13. paste a flag on top of one peak and have all present rise and sing the And I will make thy windows of agates Doxology. When all peaks are capped and thy gates of carbuncles and all thy with flags paste gold star in center of borders of pleasant stones. chart. And all thy children shall be taught Making Reports Interesting of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children. A report that would be dry when read is often interesting when pre- THE RURAL THEME sented in chart or poster form. A report of work done during a year or Bible Thoughts for Friendly Farmers a biennium may be made up of pictures representing each project, with "So shall ye divide this land unto a brief -sentence to explain each pic- you according to the tribes of Israel. ture, as: "And it shall come to pass that ye Picture of Church in India. shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that Contributed our share for new sojourn among you, which shall beget building in India. (Amount.) among you; and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the Group of Industrial Workers or Mi- children of Israel; they shall have grants. inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. Contributed …… toward migrant work. "And it shaH come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth; there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord." Ezekiel 47: 21-23.

Pictures of new members. World Friendship Among Friendly ….. new members received during Farmers year. "They helped everyone his neigh- Pictures of objects sent to fields. bour; and every one said to his Box work contributions ….. . brother, Be of good courage.

850

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"So the carpenter encouraged the "And God said, Let the earth bring goldsmith, and he that smootheth with forth grass, the herb yielding seed, the hammer him that smote with the and the fruit tree yielding fruit after anvil, saying, it is ready for solder- his kind, whose seed is in itself; upon ing; and he fastened it with nails, the earth: and it was so." Gen. 1: 11. that it should not be moved." Isa. 41: 6,7. "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, A PRAYER OR PRAYElt HYMN and the tree yielding fruit, whose ,seed was in itself, after his kind: and God (For Adults or Children) saw that it was good." Gen. 1: 12.

Lord of the sunshine, Lord of the star- "And in process of time it came to light, pass that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord of the seasons, teach me to know Lord." Gen. 4: 3. How best to love Thee, how best to serve "And Abel, he also brought of the Thee first things of his flock and of the Mid summer's flowers and winter's fat thereof." Gen. 4: 4, (first clause).

snow. The First Covenant (For Beginners and Primaries) "While the earth remaineth, seed- And God said the sun should shine, time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter and day and The rain should fall, the flowers should night shall not cease." Gen. 8: 22. grow, (Reading Gen. 9: 9-20.) And God said the birds should sing. And it was so, was so. RURAL STOR,tES FROM THE And God said the grass should grow, BIBLE The trees bear fruit, the wind should Old Testament blow, And God said that streams should flow, Birds, flowers, etc., of the Bible And it was so, was so. may be illustrated by boys and girls- drawing, modeling, bringing and past- (Childl'f'u's Hymnal and Service Booh:.) ing pictures.

RURAL STORIES FOR ADULTS Rural paragraphs may be illus- trated. From "The Rural Billion" David, the Shepherd Boy-l Sam. 16. (May be used as basis of discussion) David and Jonathan-l Sam. 19-20. Isaac Seeks a Wife-Gen. 24. 1. Sailors and a Church. Page 136. Jacob and Rachel-Gen. 28. 2. Two Trees in Korea. Page 137 Joseph and His Brothers-Gen. 37: 12- (discuss). 36. 3. A Country Pastor in Africa. Page Joseph in Egypt in Time of Famine- 137 (bottom). Gen. 42: 43-45. 4. A Country Pastor in China. Page Ruth and Boaz-Book of Ruth. 38. 5. Miracle of the Mulberry Trees. New Testament (Same story as above, enlarged and renamed.) Page 38. Jesus at Bethany, (a rural village). 6. An Indian Village Church. Page Jesus at Nazareth, (a rural village). 141. (Enlarge.) Feeding of the Five Thousand, (in the 7. Sam Higginbottom's Parable Ser- mountains) . mon. Page 62. (Basis of discussion on Walk Through the Cornfield. christianizing conditions.) Walk to Emmaus. 8. Feathered and fourfooted mission- The Fig Tree Cursed. aries. Page 50. 9. Story of Moga. (India.) Page 78. OLD TESTMENT RURAL Make a chart of a course in a school in Africa. Page 76. (Discuss.) PARABLES Discuss objectives of this course. Page 77. Parable of the trees and their king, addressed by J otham to the men of RURAL THEME AND THE BmLE Schechem. Judges 9: 7-15.

Old Testament Memory Work Parable of the poor man's ewe lamb, told by Nathan to David. 2 Sam. 12: 1-6. In the Beginning "And the Lord God planted a garden." Gen. 2: 8 (first clause).

Parable of the thistle and the cedar, the country by use of rural pictures addressed by Johash to Amaziah. 2 of the Orient with captions like the Kings 14: 9. . following is effective: Parable of the sluggard and his vine- Christ walked paths like these yard, to the people of Israel. Prov. 24: Christ's first friends were village folk 30-35. Highways like these were trodden by Parable of the unfruitful vineyard, to Jesus the people of Israel. Isa. 5: 1-6. Christ died for folks like these.

Parable of the ploughman, or good out SOME PRAYER METHODS of evil. Isa. 28: 23-29. By MRS. H. W. BIPPUS Parable of the great eagle and the vine. Ezekiel 17: 3-10. (Presented at the Lakeside, Ohio, Institute of Foreign Missions.) Parable of the cedar in Lebanon. Ezekiel 31—-€ntire chapter. Has the missionary group to which I belong great vision, strong motive Parable of the shepherds and the flock. power, or is it just another club going Ezekiel 34—-€ntire chapter. round and round? Are we standing in the hangar with the engine dead, or Parable of the true and false shep- is it purring, throbbing, ready to take herds. Zechariah ll-entire chapter. off to dizzy heights, through fogs of depression, and over barren stretches NEW TESTAMENT RURAL to outposts?

PARABLES Our missions plane may be beauti- ful to behold~ompletely furnished, Mustard Seed-Matt. 13: 31-32. pilot trained, route outlined, engine Sower-Matt. 13: 1-9, 18-23. oiled, and in perfect order, but if Tares-Matt. 13: 24-30, 36-43. there is no fuel in the tank there is Vineyard Laborers-Matt. 20: 1-16. no power, no action. It is impossible Wicked Husband-Matt. 21: 33-46. to get off or to make the journey. Seed Growing Secretly-Mark 4: 26- 29. The prayer life-the devotional part Rich Fool-Luke 12: 16-21. of your missionary society – makes Barren Fig Tree-Luke 13: 1-9. possible the results for which you are The Lost Sheep–Luke 15: 1-7. 'lrganized together. We need power. How shall it be generated? We must RURAL REFERENCES OF JESUS plan definitely for each program a quiet hour that will awaken our mem- Lilies of the Field. bers so that they may experience God Birds of the Air. -may see visions and dream dreams. Sparrows. No haphazard "devotions," hurriedly Behold the Fields-White to Harvest. conducted, will reach into the depths Vineyard. of the souls of our members. Altars Fig Tree. must be lighted with divine fire. Feed My Lambs-Feed My Sheep. Smoldering embers must be fanned. I Am the Good Shepherd. Hearts must be in touch with His. Other Sheep I have. We must allow God to have access to My Yoke Is Easy. our hearts if we expect results.

POSTERS FOR RURAL THEME First let us choose with care the women who shall lead us in this quiet The poem called Vision found in the hour. Perhaps the same one may primary book, "Friendly Farmers," carry through the year. John Masegives the key to One aim of the leader field in his poem "The Everlasting of any age group on the rural theme. Mercy" put into the mouth of the man Our first aim is to get across to our who found Christ these words: "I people the bigness and beauty of the knew that Christ had given me hirth, theme, and the vast opportunities in to brother all the souls of earth." Oh rural areas around the world. Posters with pictures of beautiful rural scenes will help. The caption, Rural Paths in Japan, may depict some scenic marvel in that land of beauty. Rural needs, rural work being done, rural homes and rural people should all be used in artistic posters, to make their appeal for the yet almost untouched millions in country districts of the world. The connecting of Christ with

the glory of the lighted mind. "How re-enlist men in missionary and re- dead I'd been, how dumb, how blind." ligiouB work. We want the womanhood of the Church to have this experience that The committee recommends that they may accomplish their great world Men and Missions Sunday, November task. 15, 1931, be observed at the morning service in each church, and that an For every woman in the church I afternoon interdenominational men's would have prepared a card bearing meeting be held in each city or comthe following: munity.

At 9~OO A. M. Each Day: Suggestions concerning the meet- ings may be secured from the Lay- Repeat P8alm 103: 1-5. men's Missionary Movement, 19 S. Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and all that LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill., or 419 is within me bless his holy name. Fourth Ave., New York City, or from Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget the secretary of the denominational not all his benefits; missionary board. Who forgiveth all mine iniquities; Who healeth all my diseases; The morning church service should Who redeemeth my life from destruc- include a sermon on a missionary tion; theme, emphasizing the need of par- Who crowneth me with loving kind- ticipation by men; a 10-minute talk ness and tender mercies; by a layman; a missionary hymn sung WhQ satisfieth my mouth with good by men; a Scripture les-son read in things so that my youth is renewed like unison by men and the announcement the eagle's. – of plans for men's meeting,s to discuss My Question-Psalm 118: 12. current missionary literature. What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits unto me? Among the topics for discussion are My A'l'Ulwer-Psalm 118: 13-14. suggested such articles as "I Don't I will take the cup of salvation and Believe in Foreign Missions," in THE call upon the name of the Lord-I will MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD pay my vows unto the Lord, yea, in the for May: "The Critics and Missions" presence of all His people. chapter in Dr. Egbert W. Smith's book, "The Desire of All Nations"; For the quiet hour in the meeting "The Testimony of Results," a chaphave some lovely hymn played softly ter in Dr. Stephen J. Corey's new and then have someone tell one of the book, "Missions Matching the Hour"; beautiful stories of Jesus in her own a chapter from Dr. Speer's book "Are words, such as Foreign Missions Done For"? or from Dr. C. H. Patton's new volume, "God's The Lawyer Learns. World." The Centurion's Confidence-Matt. 8: 5-14. A committee ,should be appointed to Peter's Eyes Opened-Acts 10. plan four study sessions for the men The Christian's Challenge-Matt. 28: of the church. Lists of suitable 19-20. Dare you? books can be secured from any board of missions. Words of the hymns should be mimeographed and passed' for reading Sunday Schools and Young People's while piano is played. Societies may make plans to dramatize the Haystack Prayer Meeting at Wil- Quiet prayers should be requested liams College in 1806, on the One days in advance. Hundredth Anniversary of which the Laymen's Missionary Movement was HOW TO USE LAYMEN'S organized twenty-five years ago. A dramatization, prepared by the Coun- MISSIONARY SUNDAY cil of Northern Baptist Laymen, is available through the Laymen's Mis- November 15, 1931, is the Twenty- sionary Movement at 15c each. Fifth Anniversary of the founding of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. In striking contrast to the original meeting of 80 men in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City in 1906, a thousand meetings are being planned for 80,000 this fall to

A MISSIONARY GEOGRAPHY GAME (Adaptable to Sunday-school or missionary society programs) Make a large reproduction of this map either on a hlackboard or upsonboard. It should be in color. Adapt countries llnd questions to your own denominational work. A well informed woma.n, who can comment on the facts given by the group, can make this an interesting and informing program.

At the Philadelphia Interdenominational Institute, It was suggested that this map drill be used at meetings of women's societies to which meD have been invited as guests. The objective is to demonstrate the value of eoDsecutive mission studies as they are pursued by the women's organizations. A rich supply of facts in answer to the questions on the map are always to be found in your copies of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. .

QUOTATIONS FO:R THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE For that wide-open avenue of prayer, out of harmony with eternal Jaw.- All radiant with Thy glorious prom- Van Rensselaer Gibson.

ises, I have aSked for a cupful, and the We thank Thee, Lord! ocean remains! I have asked for a sunbeam, and the sun abides! My best -John Oxenham. asking falls immeasurably short of my Father's giving.-J. H. Jowett. "I want to know Thy guiding voice, To walk with Thee each day; The transitions in our modern life, the new problems that arise, the diffi- Dear Master, make me swift to hear culties of the tasks that now and again And ready to obey." fall upon us, we are not afraid of these because we believe in the resurrection. Not till we stand before the Lord- -Robert E. Speer. A nation splendid and unafraid, Made in the image that God made, Christ wills one fiock, and this re- No man a tYrant and none a slave, quires us not only to labor for the re- Shall the world be saved, as He meant union of all Christendom, but to seek that unity of faith which is essential to save. -Angela Morgan. to its achievement and wholesome per- manence.-Francis J. HaU. All life is miraculous in the sense of being mystic and wonderful, but nothing is miraculous in the sense of being

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation 01 Woman's Boards 01 Foreign Missions 01 North America LUNCHEON SERVED BY FOHEIGN WOMEN IN TOKIO, JAPAN A WORLD ENCIRCLING CHAIN A REPORT OF THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 By MRS. JOHN P. WHITE, Member, Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer Never in the history of the Chris- an international character to the ob- tian Church has there been such un- servance of the day.

ceru;ing, united prayer as on February "They helped every one his neigh- 20, 1931. The poet's thought of a. bar," was literally true of the world- world encircling chain of prayer was wide service. The programs were realized on that day when women all mimeographed by the committee in over the world met in pine chapel or charge and sent to forty-six or more stone cathedral, in grove or on moun- countries where they were translated tain top, in great city or small hamlet into various languages and adapted to to join their voices in prayer and the conditions of the various com- praise to the God and Father of our munities. In China the National Chris- Lord Jesus Christ. tian Council took the responsibility of Preparation for this wonderful day printing the programs for all partici- began months in advance. The pro- pating groups; Mexico sent printed gram on the theme, "Ye Shall Be My programs to Puerto Rico; Argentine Witnesses," was prepared by Miss shared her programs with Uruguay Kathleen W. MacArthur, of Canada, a.nd Brazil. Always the offering of and the "Call to Prayer" was prepared the Day was "for others."

by the Baroness van Boetzelrer van Follow this chain as it draws to- Dubbledam, of Holland, thus giving gether the praying women around the 855

world. Let the circle begin at that en came to the place of prayer. Melt- line in our Atlas marked "Antipodes," ing snows in the streets of Hangchow, one hundred and eighty degrees east of China, made walking almost impossible, Greenwich. The Day of Prayer begins yet 200 women assembled for the serv- in New Zealand. Following the circle ice; a snowstorm in Teheran, Persia, around the globe the services con- kept the timid and delicate folk away tinue in Australia, Japan, Philippine but the strong and the brave were Islands, Korea, Manchuria, on through there; riots in Columbia, South China, Tibet, Siam, Burma and India, America, due to political disturbances through Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria made a small meeting, but the few and Turkey, across fifteen countries who attended were so inspired by the of Europe, across the continent of thought of this united prayer and so Africa, across South America and impressed by the beauty of the pro- North America to the Hawaiian Is- gram that they felt others should join IJ!.nds and Alaska, finally reaching the them and the whole service was re- Antipodes again where in the service peated during Easter week. Meetings in the Fiji Islands the circle is com- were held in twenty-five centers in plete. Bulgaria. Some of the churches were ,~filled ,to capacity and in one the seats The Chain Made Strong by Great"'""were all filled and many had to stand.

SomeNoufm'thbeerpsrPayaerrtigcripoautpisngreport~',1,,i,,~::,;""pWrOanilErmi~idn'~Cveanlaodna~ scattered over the distances to attend small gatherings, others reported great some of th~ 600 meetings held in that throngs. Foulassi, Africa had "a land. Wom~n walked for·mBesin thousand plus" in attendance and Africa, in India and in Japan, many Kansas City, Missouri, had fourteen carrying babies as they came. In hundred. Not all the meetings were Korea, likewise, mothers necessarily held in conventional places. In Scot- brought their little ones and some- land, where the day was observed times these "tiny toddlers with their from border to border, meetings were tinkling bells," made the service any- held in cities and towns, and away "in thing else than a "quiet hour." In lonely places where it was impossible the Fiji Islands a terrible hurricane to have organized meetings the serv- which destroyed whole villages in a ice was held by individuals in their certain section prevented the women homes." Three "shut-ins" in Teheran, of Davuileve from observing the Day Persia, ,secured copies of the program as they had planned, but meetings and followed it step by step as it was were held in three other places distant being carried out in the church. Two from the path of the storm.

missionary women in Africa were tak- One of the most remarkable meet- ing a vacation in the mountains. Here ings was held in Johannesburg, South they held a "service of prayer in a Africa. About one thousand women secluded place on the mountain side were there. One group was distin- with trees overhead and rocks for guished by white head kerchiefs and seats, the birds joining in praise to white broad collars over red blouses; the Most High." In India a grove- another group had fur skin caps; an- "God's' first temple" – became the other black blouses and white stoles shrine for a group of worshipers. In and pins showing their society initials.

Africa two chiefs opened their com- "The sight was impressive beyond pounds for the services. In China in words."

one district where the meeting was Linguistic difficulties vanished be- announced to begin "just before cock- fore the fervent spirit of praying crowing" a goodly company of men women. In Korea three nationalities and women assembled at the appointed all in Korean dress were met together.

hour. Three different languages were used, Through much difficulty many worn- not just as a matter of interest but to

H131] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

A FEW OF THE "THOUSAND PLUS" AT ~'OULASSI. AFRICA accentuate the fact that people of The Chain Enlarged by New Link.. many tongues and nations were meeting in the same service of prayer and For several years reports have come praise. from every state in the union. With each passing year new centers ar e re- In Athens 300 women of diverse ported. New names are added to the races and nations and tongues, many list from lands across the seas. Manof whom had been driven acr oss seas churia, South Africa, Uruguay and as homeless refugees, met in a beauti- the Fiji Islands are new links in the ful spirit of unity. Programs were chain in 1931. printed and hymns sung in Greek, Armenian, Turkish and English. There In every sanctuary new voices were was something wonderful about the heard. The participation of nationals mingled sounds of four languages was encouraging. In past years, in sung together. It seemed to be a fore- mission lands, the whole responsibility cast of the great chorus "which no of planning for the celebration of the man could number, of all nations and World Day of Prayer was in the hands kindreds, and tongues" standing be- of miss ionaries. In 1931 other women fore the throne singing praise to "God made a large contribution to the servwhich sitteth upon the throne and ices. In Burma the Burmese women unto the Lamb." took entire charge of the planning of the program and carried it out in a Again in South Africa prayers were splendid way. offered in Zulu and Lesuto and Isixoya and other dialects. The hymns were In one village in India where there sung in three or four languages but in are a few Christians but no organized perfect unison, softly and reverently church, a group of simple peasant without accompaniment. "The singing women met for prayer. They were illiterate and unaccustomed to taking was beautiful, ri ch, h armonious, grand part in a meeting but that day they -like an organ swel!."

ventured for the first time to utter fire placed on Isaiah's lips truly alive brief petitions. and burning with a message"; Per- "Speaking in public is a very new sian girls giving a pageant depicting and difficult venture for the women of life in India; a "Map Talk" in Japan Bulu Land. One of them prefaced her to make clear the circle of prayer; a remarks by asking to be forgiven for "sweet voiced little mother," at the being so short of breath and fright- foot of the Rockies in Canada, driving ened. She said: 'Who would have miles with her little ones in order to thought a few years ago that a Bulu be present and ·sing, "The Garden of woman would have dared to stand up, Prayer"; a great pageant in Kansas especially before men and talk? It City directed by a professional leader is the "Things of God" that have made and using girls of different nation- us free. Now even a little unimpor- alities-all give little glimpses of the tant woman such as I am can speak spirit of the varied groups over the the things that are in her heart.' " world. _.

After a thrilling address on "Wit- In Portland, Oregon, a business ness through the Ages," a Zulu wom- women's meeting was held at the noon an arose and said: "I do not know hour in a down-town district; in In- very much about the great witnesses dianapolis, Indiana, 350 attended the after Paul and the early church but I special evening service for young peo- will tell you of our people and how, pIe; in Xenia, Ohio, a local pastor led after the· missionaries brought the a prayer service and a missionary on good news to Natal, our people went furlough gave an address to the {)50 out to Gazaland and to the interior, boys and girls in the high school. In and some have died as martyrs and numerous places meetings were held witnesses to the truth." for children. In China in some of the In several centers "witnessing" took girls' schools the whole program was concrete form. In Foulassi, Africa, carried out in a beautiful way.

more than ninety remained after the A permanent organization was ef- great congregation had been dismissed fected in Tokio, Japan, which plans to dedicate themselves in a special way for two additional meetings during to the work of witnessing. In a Chi- the year. At the all-day meeting on nese village, following the meeting, February 20 the foreign women, in the women left the place of prayer and the spirit of Him who said, "I am went out two by two to call on their among you as he that serveth," them- neighbors and to give testimony for selves served lunch to all the as- their Master. In one district in India sembled women.

where pastors called men and women In some places the day was observed together the day was used for the as a quiet day of prayer and medita- opening ·service of a well-planned evan- tion without any announcements or gelistic campaign. In Mexico a young speaking. From 9 a. m. until 5 p. m.

man, a stranger, came into the meet- women came and went engaging in ing. Such a service was new to him; prayer, following the subjects given he became an inquirer and within a on a printed program. The hush was few weeks he, with twenty-three broken now and again by strains of others, was received into the fellow- sweet music as the organist played ship of the church. familiar hymns.

The Chain Made Beautiful by The Chain Made Binding by the Variety in Links Spirft of Unity Chinese women singing, "Watch- Every report breathes a beautiful man, What of the Night?" antipho- spirit of unity. Women in the United nally; a Chinese woman reading the States and Canada, in city and village sixth chapter -of Isaiah and "explain- and country community, met together ing the metaphor, making the coals of to witness-not to the value of their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

different denominations – but to the world and of a new desire to cooperate power of the living Christ. In foreign in all kingdom service. lands as well, the lines of demarcation, while never distinctly drawn, vanished Not on the stated Day of Prayer as women joined in prayer and praise alone, but throughout the year many to God. Christian women have been "continu- ing instant in prayer" joining the One Chinese woman expressed the Sabbath sunset circle of prayer. thought 'of many; "I thank you sincerely for making pos·sible this fellow- Courage, hope, strength, inspiration ship of intercession. Such a sharing and joy have come to the Church of of prayer life will do much to advance Christ throughout the world because the kingdom on earth." A Japanese of the united prayers of God's chilwoman writing of the meeting at dren. Osaka said; "Who can understand the Wherefore let thy voice rise blessing of the meeting except those For so the whole round earth is every who were there? All were happy to think that the women of the world way were praying for the same objects at Bound by gold chains about the feet of the same time." Far Manchuria, reporting their first observance of the God. day added; "Thank you for making it possible for us to take part in this uni- rHINESE WOMEN WHO SANG AT THE versal Day of Prayer." From a re- SBTlVICE IN ICHOWF'U, SHANTUNG, mote station in Africa came thanks for being permitted to participate in CHINA this world-wide service which, as they said, "brought fresh courage, fresh "Hold Fast in Prayer" hope, fresh inspiration to our jaded spirits." With this as her theme Miss Helen Tupper of Lucknow, India, has pre- The Bulu people felt the sense 'Of pared a beautiful program for the fellowship and expressed it in a splen- next observance of the World Day of did way. The pastor read a greeting Prayer, February 12, 1932. It has and the whole congregation yebe'ed been sent in mimeographed form to (agreed) ; foreign landB where it will be trans- lated into many native languages and To all fellow-worshipers observing the dialects and is also ready in printed World Day of Prayer: form. In order to continue giving the "Call to Prayer" and the "Call to We, meeting in the World Day of Prayer to Young People" free, it has Prayer in Elat, Cameroun, West Africa, been necessary to raise the price of give greetings to all of you in forty-four the program from $1.75 per hundred countries of the world. to $2.00. Price per single copy re- mains the same as in prevh)Us years Today we are happy to give thanks to ~2 cents. Suggestions to leaders will you, our brethren all over the world, be- be furnished free with order for procause certain women of the faith were grams. led by God to create such meetings as are held this day. This shows that you A "Call to Prayer" goes out to all are real gardeners in the garden of God, lands with this message prepared by that you watch and pray because you 8ra. Elisa de PaBcoe, of Mexico: fear the one who wars against the Father and His servants shall come and sow his seeds in the hearts of men.

From all over our own land and from every land come testimonies of joy in being privileged to join the Christian women of the entire world in this fellowship ()f prayer, and evidences of an increasing interest in the extension of Christ's kingdom in the

Ask-for a life 'Of deeper spirituality quarters of the denominational misthat there may come a world-wide Pente- sion boards. C'Ost. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seek-for a life of world-service as of Foreign Missions of North America, church members "that the world may be- National Council of Federated Church lieve." Women and Council of Women for Home Missions are the three interde- Seek-for a life of cooperation and nominational organizations which prounity among churches that the work of mote the World Day 'Of Prayer. If the kingdom may go forward. the reader lives in a community where an observance has not heretofore been Knock-that. the world's door may be held and wishes to start plans for one opened-the Gospel spread-the kingdom in 1932, write for advice and sugestablished. gestions to the Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer, Room 43, 105 It is not too early to place order East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. for supplies, especially the "Call to Prayer" which may be used weeks be- A PRAYER FOR UNITY fore the day and also at the Sunset Hour each Sabbath until the World "0 God, who didst plan the Gospel Day of Prayer, March 3, 1933. :Bor an undivided Church, refuse not, because of the misunderstandings of Young people's groups are urged to its message which rend the unity of make similar use of the "Call to Christendom, to continue Thy saving Young People." work in the broken order of our mak- ing. Prosper the labor of all Churches The poster (14×22 inches) is the bearing the name of Christ and strivsame design as last year's with space ing to further righteousness and faith at the bottom for insertion of time in Him. Help us to place the truth and place for local meeting. By plac- above our conception of it and joyfully ing a poster in every church in the to recognize the presence of Thy Holy community, store windows and other Spirit wherever He may choose to places of prominence several weeks dwell among men. Teach us wherein before the observance, the date will be we are sectarian in our contention and well known and there will be less like- give us grace humbly to confess our lihood of conflicting engagements. fault to those whom in past days, our Price of the poster is 10 cents. communion has driven from its fellow- ship by ecclesiastical tyranny, spirit- One excellent way of making the ual barrenness or moral inefficiency, World Day of Prayer known is through that we may become worthy and comthe seals for envelopes and letter- petent to bind up in the Church the heads. These are the same design as wounds- of which we are guilty and so to hasten the day when there will be the poster, %xl % inches, 25 cents per one flock under one Shepherd, Jesus Christ, our Lord."-Bishop Brent, hundred, $1.75 per thousand. S01lthern Churchman.

The Service of Consecration, "Look- As we go to press, we learn that Helen ing Unto Jesus," by Jean Grigsby Tupper has become Mrs. H. A. Yusufji. Paxton is again available for use in Her marriage takes her to Jubbulpore, connection with the 1932 observance. India. It is suitable for use by the committee in charge prior to the observance or All things are possible to him who beon the day itself. Price is 10 cents. lieves; they are less difficult to him who hopes; they are easier to him who loves; A history of the World Day of and still more easy to him who practices Prayer will be sent on request. and perseveres in these three virtues.- Brother Lawrence. It is possible that other material may be issued for use on February 12, so watch future issues of this magazine for announcements as well as denominational publications.

All of the World Day of Prayer supplies are to be order(ld from head-

AMERICA mission been established among

During the last thirty years wonder- The Revolt in Cuba ful success has attended the mission- aries in this region, and it seems as if LATIN American unrest has spread only a lack of funds prevents the to Cuba and a serious revolution evangelization of a brave and interestwas threatened under the leadership ing people. of ex-President Menocal. Economic hardship, due to low price and super- fluity of sugar (selling at two cents a Chapel Auto in Puerto Rico pound), has added to the flame of political discontent. The present regime, T HE chapel auto is in service ill whatever party is in power, is always distant parts of the Island of blamed for hard times. Fighting be- Puerto Rico, often taking a little sidgan on August 9th, but the proclama- ing along some country road. Recently tion of marshall law by President Ma- the colporter pitched his tent in one chado, the capture of the ex-president, of the open spaces of a "barrio," and the defeat of the revolutionists (village) of Rio Piedras, where two seem to have suppre&sed the uprising. Sunday-schools are held on Sunday The revolutionists demanded: afternoons. A number in these chapel car services openly confessed Christ. The return to the constitution of 1901. The Christians stand, if necessary, all The reorganization of political parties. through the services, to give their Freedom of press and speech. seats to those who come as strangers A new census and new elections. to the tent, many of whom are hearing Resignation of President Machada, the Gospel for the first time. Candi- "who has unconstitutionally extended his dates, gathered together to be intenure of office." structed, often are numerous enough to make up a congregation. They are Such political and economic trouble taught to pray, to sing the Gospel severely harrasses the work of the message, and to live the Chdstian Christian churches. The American way; they are also taught to give. Presbyterian, Baptists, Methodists and A large number of earnest workers, others have built up a strong work with their pastor, a"e taking the Gosand are cooperating harmoniously, but pel message to the interior homes, far the present poverty is proving a very removed from the central highway.- serious handicap. Watchnwn-Examiner.

Chilean Indians Chile in Confusion T HE South American Missionary ABOUT three months ago Chile be- Society draws attention to the ft came tired of the dictatorship of needs of the Araucanians of southern Chile. For three centuries this tribe President Carlos Ibanez and the fires of Indians heroically struggled against the invader, and in spite of having to stand against European arms and of revolt spread. Wild scenes were methods of warfare, they never ac- enacted in the city streets. As a re- knowledged defeat. The descendants suIt the dictator fled. Then the navy of these warriors still occupy the lands mutinied under Communist impulses for which their forefathers suffered and threatened to set up a Soviet and died. Naturally, they distrusted regime. The mutiny has now been the foreigner, and only recently has a quelled and order established but Com- 861

munist fires smoulder under the sur- mental .outfit. I showed him Luke 22: face. The Chilean Army, under the 36, explaining that Christ and His military dictator, increased from 30,- KingdDm .had been rejected, the new 000 to 70,000 and the national debt order 'Of things which would have been from $125,000,000 to $500,000,000. -ushered in under his reign being re- The Chilean people seek relief from fused by religiDus leaders of his day.

militarism and from over-burdening [But in the account .of the incident in taxation; they need enlightenment in Matthew 26: 52, Jesus rebuked Peter the teachings of Christ concerning the for his use of the sWDrd.] I then told true basis of peace, righteousness and them 'Of the day when Christ shall re- good will. turn to earth and when spears and Revival in Peru swords shall be beaten into plDwshares and war shall cease. There was great DR. GEORGE RIDOUT, after con- astonishment and hungry questions." ducting evangelistic meetings in Lima, Peru, said: "My experience in EUROPE Lima teaches me that a revival of re- Novel Non-Churchgoer Campaign ligion is possible anywhere if God's ANGLICAN and NDnconformist people will meet the conditions." churches in CrDyd'On (LondDn) conducted a novel campaign tD reach Referring to an aeroplane tour of nonchurchgDers. The Bishop of Cr'Oy- dDn and Mr. Idris Evans bODked the South America by Rev. Harry Strach- most popular .open-air cricket pitches an, the editor of the Latin American Evangeli8t, writes: Time was when we thought it abso- for a series of meetings for the eXP'Osilutely necessary to the evangelization of tiDn of Christianity in the light of the continent that God should raise up mDdern knowledge' and social condieloquent Latin American evangelists. tions. At each meeting there was an The years have taught us wisdom. To- address .on a s12ecial subject by an exday, we are asking God to put His Spirit pert, and then time was devoted to upon all the native believers, however answering questions. The devDtional humble, and send them out into the high- part of the service was eliminated. ways and byways to gather in such as The Bish'OP spDke every night fDr a shall be saved. Our converts everywhere week, and was supported by all the are humble people, but they are in touch clergy and ministers of the borDugh. with multitudes of their own class–the Social and industrial questions were class that constitutes the vast majority. discussed, as well as theological and If they were filled with the Holy Spirit, philDsophical problems. Hecklers were how their love and zeal would speed them given full 'Opportunity by the speakers. with the message into'places where the missionary cannot go! Out on the coffee Religion in Norway Schools plantations, the peon would tell his fel-. lows; the washerwoman down by the RELIGION is included in the curricriver side would tell in her own way of ulum .of the scho'Ols in Norway and the joy and peace that are hers, because in other cDuntries with a state religiDn, "Jesus came into her heart." Wherever these believers are aflame with love to Christ. they are doing just that, with blessed results in souls saved.

Evangelizing Chile's Armies according to the United States Office .of EducatiDn. The religiDus instruc- MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. tiDn is usually listed first 'On the pro- STRONG, whD have been preach- gram. The age of confirmatiDn in the ing tD natiDnal troDps in both Chile Norwegian Lutheran Church is nDr- and Ecuador consider this the most mally fourteen, that is, at the clDse .of interesting .of all their South Ameri- the folke8kole, (primary: schDDI) when can ministry. At the clDse of a series the child has completed his first step 'Of meetings the oomma:rulante, sur- in religious training. The aim of the rDunded by his officers, asked: "'How CDurse in the middlekole, (secDndary do you reconcile the teachings of Jesus schoDl) is "tD secure a definite knowl- Christ with this 7" indicating the regi- edge of the mDst impDrtant content 'Of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bible history, the principal events in 1925. Nine denominations are included church history, together with the in the Council, only the Reformed Christian fundamentals according to churches having as yet refrained from the evangelical Lutheran faith." joining.

Million Dollar Church in Paris Religious Liberty in Italy THE American Church of Paris, a T HE Council of the World's Evan- union Protestant church whose first gelical Alliance has addressed a building was opened in 1857, dedicated letter to Signor Mussolini thanking its new million dollar edifice in Sep- him for "the recent promulgation of tember. The minister, Rev. Joseph W. Decree.'l of the Italian Government un- Cochran, is a Presbyterian, formerly .der which liberty of conscience and of Philadelphia and New York. The worship, first granted in Italy in 1861, church is free from debt, two Amer- is reaffirmed and substantiated for all icans having given $350,000 toward classes and creeds in the Italian kingthe building. Many of the stained dom." The following reply has been glass windows are gifts of American received through the Italian Ambasfriends of the church. The church is sador in London: "I am instructed by a positive influence in the city and is the Head of the Italian Government looked to for spiritual guidance by to thank you on his behalf for your many who have long since broken con- letter of the 2nd July last, and convey tact with their traditional religion. to you his most sincere appreciation The press in all parts of the republic of your acknowledgment of his action is opening its pages as never before in favor of liberty of conscience and to the news of evangelical progress. worship in Italy."

Gospel for Gypsies Finnish Mission Society ABOUT six years ago Jaija Sattler, FROM the annual report of Director member of a gypsy tribe of horse Tarkkanen of the Finnish Mission traders in north Germany, confessed Society, it appears that in Africa, Christ and has since worked as evan- where the Society has been at work gelist among gypsies. Last year he for 60 years, the doors are wide open translated John's Gospel in their dia- for the Gospel. The present number lect and 562 copies of the little book, of Christians in this field is 25,000. bound in red, the gypsy favorite color, During the past year 1,195 candidate~ were distributed during the summer. have applied for baptism.

The gypsies are not educated, nor The work in China is laboring unhave they a literature for preserving der the stress of the times but as a their language. Spending their lives result of the difficulties the Christians on the move, with only occasional there have experienced a deepening of gathering of their clans, their speech their faith and the work has been has fallen into many dialects. This carried forward. In spite of the ravnecessitates the printing of very small ages caused by Communists and baneditions in each dialect, with frequent dits, the hindering of the work, the changes in translation. plundering and destruction of stations, the work itself has &'Qne on. There Holland Has Church Council were 67 baptisms which under the circumstances is considered a very en- A COUNCIL of Churches in the couraging number. Besides, the pros- Netherlands came into being this pects for educational work are bright. year and held its first meeting on May The area oomprises a population of 28, in Utrecht. This most recent of three and one-half millions and among the developments in church federation these there are five male missionaries in Europe is a direct outcome of the at work (with only three married) Universal Christian Conference on and five unmarried female mission- Life and Work, held in Stockholm in

aries. The board is working with a curved in to the pinnacle. ThecSe domes deficit 'of 313,000 marks. were so graceful that they looked like golden bubbles 'On the tops of the (JowDlunism. Decreasing towers. The whole structure stood as E XCEPT in Germany and the Unit- a monument of Russian art and re- ed States, the membership of the ligion. But the Soviets put dynamite Communist Party is said to be now under it and reduced it to a mass of considerably less than it was a few broken stone. This piece of vandalism years ago. This fact was stated at is an illustration of what the anti- the recent meeting of the Communist religious Communists would like to do International Executive Committee in to God and to all religious faith. Their Moscow. Great Britain's figures indi- attitude and acts are a result of igno- cate that Communism finds its most rance, blindness and stupidity. Even favorable soil in times of local unrest. sceptics cry 'Out against such foolish The highest recorded membership of and destructive violence.

the Party in England was 10,730 in September, 1926, during the closing AFR,1;CA of the mines. In 1921 there were 10,- Conference on Children 000 members; early in 1931, 2,711 AN INTERNATIONAL Conference only. A notable feature of the Com- .t:. on African Children, organized munist Party's experience is the ra- by the "Save the Children Inter- pidity with which its new members national Union" wa,s held at Geneva drop away. Considering, therefore, during the summer. Nine experts that the latest figures must still in- were sent by the British Government.

clude a proportion of what might be The Belgian and Italian Governments called "floating" members, the solid were also represented. Delegates from membership of the Party in Great many denominations, including mis- Britain possibly does not much exceed sionaries and several Negroes from 1,000. The heavy loss of new mem- Africa and America took an active bers is almost certainly accounted for part in the discussions. It was de- by two causes: first, that Communism cided that a permanent center of in- promises to the needy and disaffected formation regarding African children what it cannot perform; second, that should be established in Geneva under the Party demands from its members the international union.

a degree of discipline and proselytiz- Conclusions regarding infant mor- ing labor such as only the fanatical tality, education and child labor will are prepared to give. Communism is be submitted to the colonial powers a most exacting form of slavery, and concerned, and to all colonial adminis- not, as is sometimes assumed, a doc- trations in Africa.

trine of perfect freedom.-The Chris- tian (London). Prohibition in Abyssinia Russians Blow Up Cathedral! PROHIBITION agitation has per- meated Ethiopia, says Addison E. Southard, American Minister t'O Abys- T HE Soviet Russians have blown up sinia. the great Cathedral of Moscow, built by Alexander I in commemora- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethition of the defeat of Napoleon. This opia, claims descent from Solomon and was one of the great pieces of Russian the Queen of Sheba. architecture. Its walls rose foursquare pierced by slender windows, on the The Berhanena Salama-Abyssinia's four corners were small towers sur- on:Jy nationally read newspaper- speaks thus of intoxicating drink: mounted with domes, and out of the The harm caused by drink shops is vast structure rose the great central worthy of serious consideration. Prodome, consisting of a tower-like colon- prietors of lands alongside the roads naded base which swelled out and then build two Dr three or more ShDPS, accord- ing to their means, and rent them out.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The greater number of these places are teachers, and sent Europeans there, operated as drink shops. In order that they found at least 20,000 who stood receipts may not diminish, the operators steadfastly by the little they had of these shops invite musicians. When learned, waiting for the further light. passers-by hear the voices of musicians they are attracted by the music. Some Other African prophets have been young men approach the shops and listen. They see the home brew displayed in a menace to truth. Carried away by decanters, and they say: "Let us buy a piaster's worth and taste it." ·selfish ambition they have threatened both government and right conduct. Attracted by the conversation, they South Africa has had a succession of tarry and decide to drink more. The these. But instances are not lacking musicians request them to give their where religious awakening has come names. After they have given their through visions to those with Chrisnames the musicians begin to praise tian tendencies. One man, who apthem. parently died, sat up and told of a journey into another world, to a bright Drink shops should be forbidden, as and shining city where all were dressed they have become the source of all sins. in spotless white. One had come and told him to return to earth and call African. Gifts for Education. the people to give up beer and polyga- my and believe the Word of God. His ON THE Buwalasi plateau, 500 feet words were heard with awe by those up on Mount Elgon (Kenya Col- who had gathered to mourn. When ony), a training institution for clergy the man recovered he went everyand teachers is being erected by the where, speaking this simple Gospel of Church Missionary Society. Part of repentance and whoie villages were the money was contributed in England moved by the word of one who seemed and Ireland' and now Archdeacon to have heard in the spirit world the Mathers is bringing the scheme before message that confirmed the mission- African chiefs and congregations in ary's Gospel. the diocese. On one such occasion he says: Revolt in. Belgian Congo The chiefs rose one by one and depre- ECONOMIC depression is felt in the cated the selfish uses of money, county remote Kwango district of Belchiefs promising 100 to 200 shillings, gian Congo in the lowered price of smaller chiefs 60s., 50s., 40s., etc. A na- palm nuts, and the government is contive policeman gave lOs., teachers gave sidering the necessity for a fixed price more than a month's wage. A blind girl because of the natives' inability to gave 2s.; a man going on hands and understand economic fluctuation. Reknees 2s. At Lira when the school chil- cently, serious trouble was precipitated dren were asked if they could manage by so-called "Sons of Satan," a tribe 1008., immediately a forest of hands shot of devil worshipers. A prophet, anup. The people are also bravely tackling nounced that Satan was coming, and the erection of a church to cost £1,000. would bring money, provisions, and It was amusing at several places, where clothes. Natives erected huts around many could not find room inside the their villages, with gifts for Satan, as church, to see heads popping in at small they awaited his arrival. Then the windows, eager to make their promises. natives decided to expel the white man The promises in all amounted to about and dispose of everything belonging £250 ($1,220). to the Europeans. Trouble began in earnest, and rebellion followed. A -The Hope of Africa. European official was seized, killed and eaten by the natives. Punitive meas- "Prop,hets" in A.frica ures on a large .scale were then under- taken, and the revolt has been sub- ONE of the most striking phases of dued. African character is seen in the influence of so-called prophets.

William Harris was an unlettered catechumen of the Wesleyan Mission, who carried his burning zeal for the simple message of Christ all over the Ivory Coast, until French authorities deported him. When the Wesleyans heard the cry of his followers for 5

Religious Freedom in Sudan WESTERN ASIA A MOHAMMEDAN girl of the Su- Moslem Appraises Christian Mis"ions dan recently became a Christian. In Egypt, Copts may turn to Islam, AN ARTICLE in a Moroccan paper, and hundreds do, but in spite of by an outstanding Syrian, speaks constitutional religious liberty, if a on the nonpolitical character of Chris- Mohammedan wishe·s to become a tian missions: Christian, he meets opposition from all sides, and the law is no help to him. It has seemed good to many Moslems, The Egyptian Government has at times insisted upon young women, who whenever propagandists of the Gospel had become Christians, returning to their Mohammedan relatives or guard- appear in any corner of the Moslem ians. The Sudan Government, on the contrary, refused to return the young lands, to say, This is all machination for Mohammedan girl referred to above, to her Mohammedan relative·s on the the purpose of colonizing. I have always ground that she was of age. She has since been baptized, and is in active been and still am against this idea….. . Christian service.-AUiance Weekly. Those who invite to Christianity, and "TThe Hope of ./.frica HE two greatest fO.rces fO.r good who risk their lives for its sake in that are at work III AfrIca today are without doubt the Christian the farthest lands-despising killing, or home and the Christian school," writes a missionary of the Church Mission- death from cholera, or sleeping sickness; ary Society at Gulu, in the Eastern Province of Uganda. "It is the Chris- accepting gladly in its course a rough tian pupils in our schools who are the hope of Africa. It is they who will lhiof~eess,epaanrdatiootnherfrothmingths eir people and make or mar the nation, and so we th at are dear must fit them, body, mind, and spirit, for the tasks that lie before them. To to a man-do not endure all these hard- ships ……for the seeking of worldly aims, but have other-worldly purposes purely; they desire, according to their thought, to guide the rest of mankind into the right way. Truly, I respect these groups …… with all respect, and hope that there may be in Islam some to un- dertake one-tenthousandth part of what these undertake of sacrifice in such a course …… The great mass of them go to all parts of the world, and risk danger, and strive day and night to spread their religion and their intelligence without expecting rewards or thanks. Where are the preachers of Islam, callers to the Koran, who will give generously of their means; cross the deserts, and climb the mountains, and travel the seas to spread the word of monotheism? Where are the societies organized for this praiseworthy purpose?-Alliance Weekly.

do this we must train up more African United Missionary Council men and women who will in their T HE biennial meeting of the United turn lead their pupils 'on to be the best Missioriary Council of Syria and they can be for Christ and for their Palestine, held in Beirut last spring, own people. The call comes for more was the first attended by regular deleworkers to go out to these people. gates from evangelical churches of the Educational work is full of interest two countries. One of the first tasks and fascination in the Elgon Mission of the Educational Union was to surtoday, and full of untold possibilities. vey the extensive areas of Syria and Thousands are clamoring for knowl- Palestine unoccupied by any missionedge and yet there are all too few ary agency. Hundreds of villages are teachers and schools. The people are still untouched, but the new attitude most responsive. 'Send us a teacher,' of receptivity among the non-Chrisis their cry again and again, and often tian population is a challenge. There there are no teachers to send. Surely is an eagerness for education and litwe, with all the educational advan- erature. There is a breaking down tages we enjoy at home ought to give of the extreme rigidity of Islam and them a Christian education that will of the former prejudice against changchange the life of the country." ing one's religron. Public baptisms

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are possible and converts may ever re- American Board missionary institu- main in their old environment, and tions in Turkey from the point of view there witness for Christ. of religIous education. – The Congre- Other "finding,s" included: The or- gationalist.

ganization of the Christian Medical Council of Syria and Palestine; the INDIA AND BURMA establishment of a clearing house for Gandhi's Appeal for India M information about the development of AHATMA GANDHI gave his first radio broadcast from London and religious and political movements in this area; and an annual life-work it was heard in America on September conference for boys. 13th. He said: "On behalf of India's Prison for "Yellow" Editors semi-starved millions, I appeal to the conscience of mankind to come to the T HE L"nited Press states that news- rescue of people who are dying in or- papers in Turkey must be digni- der to regain their liberty." He defied, or their editors will go to jail. A scribed the human race as "sick unto new law prohibits the elaborating of death of blood-spilling" and as seeking reports of murders, burglaries, and another method of settling differences.

suicides. Any attacks on the institu- "Perhaps it will be the privilege of the tion of monogamous marriage are for- ancient land of India to show the way bidden, as well as detailed reports of out to a hungering world!"

divorce proceedings. It is said that The thing which impressed listeners the highly CO'lored representations of was its sincerity and his admissions suicides in particular, which have ap- of the weakness of the case which he peared in the Turkish press, have been represents. He expressed humiliation responsible for prompting a wave of that Hindus believe that millions of suicides among the young, especially their countrymen are born "untouch- among Turkish women and students. ables." He spoke frankly of the vio- lent divisions between Moslems and Religious Education – Without Reli- Hindus and offered to sign a blank gion'! piece of paper letting his Moslem CAN the religion of Jesus be caught friends write out the agreement. Mr. without being taught? This is a Gandhi is descended from a line of real problem in missionary work. The prime minister,s in his native state.

Turkish Government has placed in- Before he abjured worldly gain, he creasingly stringent regulations in the was earning a good income as an at- way of religious instruction in the torney in British courts. The loincloth schools and other institutions main- that he wears is his armor and a tained bv the American Board in Asia badge of honor, showing his selfsacri- Minor. . The Bible cannot be taught, ficing spirit in the efforts to bring nor religious services held in connec- peace and prosperity to India.

tion with school' work. The teachers are forbidden to discuss religion with Poverty and Illiteracy in India anyone under eighteen years of age T HE report of the British Royal Commission on Labor in India, without the parents' consent. with -seven Indians, and represent- How far can Christian faith be atives of employers and workmen and propagated by ,simple "contagion of character"? Is it sufficient for a mis- one woman, is generallyconsidered the sionary to merely live a truly Chris- most valuable document ever produced tian life without overt efforts at evan- giving reliable and impartial informagelism? These are interesting questions, and exceedingly practical ones. tion about labor conditions in India. W. A. Harper, formerly president of The report says: Elon College, has sailed for the Near East to study the present work of the In India nearly the whole mass of in- dustrial labor is illiterate, a state of affairs which is unknown in any other

country of industrial importance. It is expenditure of about $900,000. This almost impossible to overestimate the will provide a beautiful chapel, two consequences of this disability, which are classroom buildings, library, four labobviously in wages, in health, in produc- oratories, an administration building, tivity, in organization and several other a students union club house, six dordirections. Modern machine industry de- mitories, a swimming pool, athletic pends in a peculiar degree on education, grounds and 35 bungalows for the and the attempt to build it up with an faculty. illiterate body of workers must be difficult and perilous.

Decline of Drink Tramc A Boy in Tra.ining F T IGURES of the excise revenues of HE story of Jito, one of the stu- India for the year, April, 1930, to dents at Ewing Christian High March, 1931, show evidence of con- School, Ludhiana, is as an example of siderable decline. The anti-drink cam- the type of boy who seeks education paign carried on by the National there. Jito enrolled a number of years Congress and its thQusands of volun- ago with a desire for an education, teers all over the country is an im- but had little money with which to portant factor in bringing about this pay his expenses. A friend paid part decline in the revenues from intoxi- and he received a scholarship. He cut cating drink. The general economic kindling wood and worked at any odd depression has also made its contribu- job which he could get. tion, for people naturally give up non- Jito is from the depressed (out- essentials when their ineome declines. caste) classes. He told the principal The total loss of excise revenues for last winter that his greatest desire in one year in all the provinces is 34,- life was to become a Christian min- 845,000 rupees, (about $13,500,000). ister. With that as his goal he is attending a training class for teachers Christian Educa.tion for Men and after that will learn a trade, per- DR. E. D. LUCAS, President of For- haps weaving, so that he will have man Christian College, recently -some means of helping to support himsaid that the next ten years in India self, should his congregation not be are going to be perhaps the most able to meet all his expenses.

critical years in India'-s long history: Fifty Years in Ongole and what India becomes and does in these ten years will be of great sig- T HE golden jubilee of the Ongole nificance to the entire world. He con- High School in South India was tinued: celebrated early this year. During "America has done big things in these past fifty years more than 4,200 Christian education for China, the boys have attended this American Philippines, the Near 'East and for Baptist Mission school. The influence Egypt, but we have not a single well- of this institution among the Telugus endowed or well-equipped American can scarcely be overestimated. Gradu- Christian college for men in India. A ates are filling positions of trust both college, which for the present receives in and out of the mission, ranging substantial help in men and money from doctors in mission hospitals, from America, with its -spirit and con- teachers and headmasters in schools, trol thoroughly Indian, is what Chris- from village primary to normal train- tian India wants for the training of ing schools, agriculturalists, clerks, her best sons and for helpful, fruitful school inspectors, agents in govern- service to non-Christian India. ment offices, and many other positions "For this new college of our dreams, of interest. Those in charge of the we have secured and'paid for the new school aim so to permeate the institu- site of 200 acres, we have in the sale tion with the spirit of Christ, and value of our present site about $500,- surround the boys with the Christian 000. Our building plans call for an atmosphere that they will be eager

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and ready to represent him in what- CH.~A ever work they do in India.-Watchman-Examiner. Christianity at Work Christian Leadership in Burma DR. C. Y. CHENG, foremost Chris- tian leader of China, was a rJ' HRA )fAUNG YIN is a product speaker at the International C. E. .1 of foreign missions. His efficiency, Convention in San Francisco. His observations on the religious tug of zeal and wise administration have war going on in China are of interest. brought him deserved commendation. He says that the spirit of bewilder- He is an acknowledged leader, wise in ment has passed and a changed attiall his efforts, commanding the respect tude from inertia to activity has come and good will of all races among whom over the Christian Church, which has he works. been kept busy during the past two years in practical projects for the un- When he enlisted for work among fortunate. Many forms of applied rethe non-Christians during his first long ligion have been attempted with good vacation while attending the Theo- effects, notably the famine relief work logical Seminary, the villagers where for the ·suffering millions. The Nawe asked him to stay and work re- tional Christian Council is considering fused to receive him, yet he quietly practical measures for helping the stayed, helping them in their houses economic conditions. A number of and field manual work, meantime gain- Christian Qr semi-Christian organizaing the interest and cooperation and tions are facing some of the more admiration of the children. Then he urgent social problems, such as child started a school and of course estab- welfare, opium traffic and mass edulished a choir. The pupils helped him cation. There is also a new consciousbuild a rough school building, but it ness of the importance of the home, was soon burned. They built another and much attention has been given to and that, too, was burned. Somewhat efforts for the christianization of the later they built a third which is still home life of China. standing. When he had to go back to the Seminary they all begged him On the other hand, opposing forces to come back to them during the next against Christianity have never been vacation. so bold and positive in their denunci- ations and criticisms. More literature That was almost 30 years ago and has been published in recent years now that village is Christian and the against the Christian religion than in center of several other villages which all past years; yet the circulation of also have become Chri.stian. There is the Bible has been singularly successno church which would not gladly call ful. General Chang Chih-chiang orhim as pastor if a new one were re- dered specially bound copies from the quired. American Bible Society for his Chris- tian and non-Christian friends, and He served for two years as chaplain had printed on the covers, "This is during the War and baptized 137 con- the greatest book in the world." verts from his regiment, Burmans, Pwo Karens and Sgaw Karens, who Missionaries and the Church in China have stood the test of time admirably. The English commanding officer ex- THE position of the missionary in pressed the greatest regret that he the Church of Christ in China is could not stay longer and gave him discussed in an address by Dr. A. R. the highest recommendation as to his Kepler, General Secretary of the Seccharacter and abilities. ond Assembly of the Church of Christ in China. Because of the lack of uni- It is now his ambition to have every formity in practice Dr. Kepler makes church in the Baptist Association a the following proposals :- center of evangelism, dennitely pledged to active participation. – Dr. C. A. Nichols.

(1) That missionaries now holding ing a worthy reply to her detractors membership only in the Church in in the Five-Year Movement, 8eeking China be advised to restore their mem- to build up her own spiritual life, make bership in their Mother Church in the active Christian centers of her homes, West. (2) That we urge all local reach out to the unevangelized with churches, district associations and the Gospel of Christ, and to offer servsynods to receive missionaries work- ice to the illiterate, the ignorant, the ing in the Church in China as cooper- poor and oppressed, the victims of an ative members, and that as long as unjust social order and the rapidly dethey work in our Church, they shall vel9ping industrial system. 5. Rural have all the privileges and responsi- church work has entered on a new bilities that the Chinese have in the era of effectiveness. 6. Most signifisame work. (3) That we ask each cant was the public baptism of the church, district association and synod virtual President of the Republic, to provide on its membership rolls a Chiang K'ai-Shek. classification known as cooperative members, on which the missionaries Communism.'s Strength and Weakness working under the control of our Church shall be placed. (4) That other T HE present strength of Commumissionaries not working under the nism in China is seen in the folcQntrol of the Church in China, but lowing figures: their five generals working in affiliated organizations, control four armies totaling 60,000 such as the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. soldiers. A., National Christian Council, Christian Literature Society, etc., may also These Communists operate in five be made cooperative members by the provinces, actually rule over 50,000 vote of the local church, district as- square miles, have the cooperation of sociation or synod. (5) Where the wife Russia, the ,sympathy and support of of a missionary does full-time WQrk millions of peasants and workers, and under the Church, she shall, as a mem- when they are attacked by national ber of the local church, have all the troops, groups of mutino~s soldiers privileges of church members.-The continually join them. In two vears United Church Review. they caused 28 mutinies in th~ na- tional armie;; and stirred up 184 The Church Marches On strikes in Shanghai alone. T. T. Lew reports that of 600 books printed in T HE London Missionary Society China during the first five months of thus sums up the progress made 1930, two-thirds were on social probby the Chinese Christian Church. 1. lems, and at least 400 were colored by The violent anti-foreign movement Communism or were thoroughly Comhas shorn the Church of political pres- munistic. Their leaders are well edutige, leaving her stronger spiritually, cated and courageous; many have and free to become a veritable Chinese studied in Moscow or other places in Church. 2. The same thing ·stimulated, Europe. even precipitated, the growth of selfgovernment. The Church during this Withal, it is not considered likely time has taken over from the missions that Communism will dominate China many responsibilities and is preparing because it violates the Chinese demoto assume more. 3. The union of Con- cratic instinct, her social and family gregational and Presbyterian elements ideas, as well as her love of comprois attracting to itself other denomina- mise and peaceful methods. tional groups and is building up a strong Church organization. A pro- Peaceful Activities of the Army visional General Assembly was held in 1925, and the first full meeting two FOR the first time in the history of years ·later. 4. The church is mak- China, soldiers of the National Army have been utilized in a purely civil undertaking completely in charge of civilians, acccrding to a letter re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ceived by the Board of Foreign Mis- was a burglar and although the missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. sionary had not aimed to kill him and S. A. The occasion was the formal had not even intended to wound him, opening of the $1,000,000 Satochu still the shooting was not justifiable. Canal on the Yellow River, running They said: almost 50 miles to the Black River, with about 150 miles of branch water- Although Dr. Tucker, in protecting the ways cutting off from the main canal. hospital property, felt it necessary to The soldiers in uniform were im- shoot, certainly the taking of life is conpres,sed into the service in order to trary to the purpose of a missionary in have the canal ready on schedule time. coming to China. As the missionary pro- The canal was conceived and consum- claims the Gospel of Jesus, who sacrificed mated in the hope that it will help His life for others, so the missionary's convert the Yellow River, known as acts should exemplify the Christian "China's Sorrow," into "China's Bless- spirit. Accordingly the present group ing." absolutely disapproves of this fatal shooting, unintentional though it was, " 0A Chinese ArDlY Decalogue and likewise disapproves of a mission- MEA," an organization of influ- ary using deadly firearms to protect ence in the nationalist armies of property. China, signifies "Officers Moral Endeavor Association." The body is pat- The American and British business terned after the Y. M. C. A. and has men in China have strongly taken the adopted ten commandments formu- opposite view. Certainly the incident lated by General Chiang Kai-shek, is much to be regretted, although the president. They are: missionary may be exonerated. It is the conviction of many Christians that 1. Thou shalt not covet rifles. the taking of the life of another is not 2. Thou shalt not fear to die. justifiable, even in the defence of one's 3. Thou shalt not ostentatiously personal life and property.

show thyself. JAPAN-CHOSEN 4. Thou shalt not be proud. 5. Thou shalt not be lazy. Lack of Religious Liberty in Japan 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery CHRISTIAN schools in Japan have nor gamble. been laboring under a serious 7. Thou shalt not smoke. handicap in their effort to provide re- 8. Thou shalt not borrow money. ligious education for their students. 9. Thou shalt not drink wine. 10. Thou shalt not lie. On August 3, 1899, the Department of Education issued a regulation which Shan Missionaries Shoot? reads as follows: T HE fatal shooting of a Chinese Since it is highly important to keep burglar by Dr. F. F. Tucker, in general education separate from religion, the Williams-Porter Hospital of the therefore it shall not be allowed in American Board Mission at Tehchow government and public schools and in last July, created a diplomatic incident schools conforming to the curriculum which was settled by the release of the ordained by law, to conduct religious missionary in custody of the Ameri- ceremonies even outside of the regular can consul at Tsinan. Twenty-seven curriculum. members ,of the American Board Mission, of which Dr. Tucker was a mem- This ordinance has forbidden reliber, sent a statement of their attitude gious instruction and religious ceretoward the incident to the vernacular monies in all government and public and English-language pres,s. These schools and in all schools which sought missionaries, who did not sign their full government recognition. names, held that, although the Chinese Schools which were willing to for- feit the privileges and advantages of government recognition could p"ovide for religious education in their cur- riculum and hold religious meetings in their school buildings. Such schools are at a great disadvantage because

of the fact that graduates of recog- rate per 1,000 fell from 19.6 to 16.7, nized public schools may go on to and the infant mortality fell to 65 per higher institutions without an exam- 1,000 births as compared to the averination: also these students get the age of 156 for the whole of Japan. privilege of postponing military training until after graduation, and they The National Brewers and Distillers get preferential treatment in securing League faces the probability (on their government appointments and public own e·stimate) of a decreased coneducational institutions. sumption this year of 25 per cent and memoralized the Government to forbid The result is that ambitious young all in official positions from in any way people apply first of all to government supporting or furthering the Temand public institutions and if they fail perance Movement! to get in there they take the Christian and private schools as a second choice. Hara Kiri and Temperance This means that the best and brightest students, as a rule, are found in AT THE annual conference of the government and public schools while Japan Temperance League, in the Christian and other private schools ancient capital of Nara, 800 represenhave to be content with students of. tative tempe"ance workers gathered lesser ability. from practically every prefecture in the empire. There are now 2,111 tem- A Dry Villa.ge in Japan perance societies reported, an increase of 555 during the year. NOTO,a village of 3,000 population, is the first "dry" village in Japan. The sacrificial enthusiasm of the (There are now 54 dry, in whole or in workers for temperance is shown in part.) When the village school was the remarkable fact that a year ago destroyed by fire five years ago the 54 persons banded themselves tovillage was too poor to rebuild. At gether, vowing each to organize one that time the average amount spent new society during the year or else yearly by the villagers in sake was commit hara kiri before the assembled about Yen 9,000. They figured that delegates! This band was able to refive years' abstinence would build a port 85 new societies due to the efforts new school and by vote of the Village of members. The "Hara Kiri" Band Council decided to go "dry" for a five- was reorganized with 85 members this year period. That new school build- year. ing has now been paid for, and the benefit of abstinence has been so The average amount of sake manumarked that the council voted to ex- factured in the empire during the five tend the term for five years further. years 1925-29 shows a decrease of 6% Mr. Moriyama, headman of the village, per cent over the previous five years. gives statistics showing that progress There is, however, a 16 per cent per had been made in every department. capita increase over the year 1913. The total taxes on sake amount to Yen In 1925 there were in Co-op. Society 20,000,000 per year. 369 members with Yen 27,819 deposits. Crisis in Christian Education In 1930 there were in Co-op. Society 523 members with Yen 37,973 deposits. T HERE is a general feeling that all is not well with Christian educa- In 1925 there were P.O. Savings by tion in Japan. There is a growing 1,787 persons of Yen 4,797. spirit of dissatis{action with things as they are. The tendency has been In 1930 there were P.O. Savings by to leave some weakness as an inevi- 2,546 persons of Yen 9,395. table result of circumstances over which Christian educators have no Health was better. Men reported control; but today the question is beas able to do twice as much work as ing asked seriously as to whether these before. Patients in the local hospitals circumstances are not threatening the decreased steadily from 206 in 1925 to 113 in 1930. The general death

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very raison d'etre of Christian edu- nese. Possibly they were stimulated cation. Two suggestions seem to be by Japanese of the sQ-called Man- outstanding in the minds of those churia-MongQlia party who are agitat- who have given their best thought Qn ing to extend Japan's sphere of in- the subject. One is the need of a fluence in these two regions. The drastic reduction of numbers, the Japanese authQrities apparently were Qther is a fearless PQlicy of unity. For very remiss in failing to protect the the future of Christian education the Chinese and to disbul"Se the Korean two must stand or fall together; but mobs. The police claimed to' have in- either, if carried into effect, will re- sufficient forces at hand but a few quire courageQUS action. Will the armed Japanese police might have con- churches and mission boards allQw trolled the situation. Only the lQwer such actiQn to be taken? – Japan classes of Koreans – ignorant and Ch1'istian Quarterly. easily inflamed tQQk part in the at- tacks. Whenever Japanese soldiers or A Japanese Philanthropist armed police appeared on the scene AJAPANESE layman, who is al- they had no difficulty in restoring or- ready giving a son to the church's der. ministry, is now establishing a trust fund of about $100,000 gold, the in- The Chinese are convinced that the come to be used fQr the church in the attacks were at least winked at by the Tohoku District, after the death of Japanese authorities in Qrder to crethe donor and his wife, It is an epoch- ate a situation that would justify the marking event. occupation of new districts in Man- churia. The Chinese Consul General Dr. Imaizumi, the giver, it fine in SeQul reports that attention Qf Christian gentleman and a professQr Japanese authorities was called to ruin the Imperial University at Sendai, mors of impending riots but this said simply that he felt everything he notice was ignored. The subsequent possessed he held in trust fQr GQd and occupatiQn of Mukden by Japanese His Church and that the time had troops gives additional cause for suscO'me when he must prepare to give piciQn that the military party in Japan up his stewardship. is nQt guiltless.

As a result of these cQnflicts, China Chinese in Chosen has refused Japanese cQntributi{)ns to- UNFORTUNATE attacks Qn Chi- ward relief of flood sufferers, has de- nese occured last July in several clared a boycott on Japanese goods Korean cities, and several hundred in- and has appealed to' the League of nQcent Chinese were killed or severely Nations to' investigate the Manchurian injured. Many shQPs and hQmes were situation.

alsO' burned 0'1' IOQted and hundreds of thQusands of dQllars WQrth Qf gQQds Christisns in Korea A were destrQYed. The attacks seem to' J APANESE gentleman recently told his traveling cQmpanion Qn have started in Gensan and later spread to PYengyang, Seoul and other the train that abQut half of the Korean centers. The immediate cause was peQple were Christians, While this is dQubtless the "WanpaQshan Incident" far frQm true, none can deny that the when a clash occurred Qn July 2nd Christian religiQn is a vital and in- between the KQreans and Chinese in creasingly potent factor in the lives of cQnnectiQn with the excavatiQn Qf a the Koreans. The extreme poverty, river channel. superstitiQn and ignorance of the peo- From the most authentic reports it ple, and the absence of traditional seems evident that some Japanese lQyalty to other weIl-Qrganized faiths, newspapers enlarged and misrepre- has given the Christians a peculiar sented the "incident" fQr the purpose advantage in Chosen. The tQtal num- of inflaming Koreans against the Chi- ber Qf KQrean cQmmunicants in PrQt-

estant churches is approximately 260,- world, has been helping with the kin- 000. In proportion to the population dergarten work. The public school au- that is about three times the member- thorities, offered her a salary almost ship of the churches in Japan, al- three times larger than the one she though Protestant missions have been received, if she would give up the conducted less than fifty years in mission work and accept a position in Korea and more than sixty-five years the government school. But she re- in Japan. plied, "No, I have already found my work, and am so happy in it, I would ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC not think of leaving it for any amount of salary." rrThe Bible for the Moros HE Rev. G. B. Cameron, Secretary A successful Sunday-school conven- for the Phi.lippine Islands, writes tion had as a speaker, Hon. Theodore in the Bible Society Record, of the Yangoo, one of the wealthiest men in restrictions in evangelizing Moham- the islands and who was the first resimedans: dent commissioner to represent the "Until recently some government Philippines in Washington in 1908officials adhered strictly to a policy 1910. He is a member of the Manila of noninterference with the religion Presbyterian church and a gl'eat philof the Mohammedans, and discouraged anthropist.

or frustrated any attempt of mission- aries to teach the Mohammedans about Pioneering in Dutch East Indies T Christianity. Lately, however, the HREE years ago the whole east coast of Borneo was without a misbars have been let down somewhat. A few courageous souls have been quietly sionary; nor was there any in interior carrying on among the Moros for some Borneo, with its one million popula- years, and lately three separate mis- tion, none in Bali, Lombok or Sum- sions have openly undertaken evan- bawa, the three islands east of Java gelistic work in different sections of and only one in the southwestern pen- the Moro field, with encouraging re- insula of the Celebes. Now, under the sults. Alliance Mission and the Chinese For- "Missionaries are clamoring for eign Missionary Union eight stations Moro Scriptures – in three dialects! in all are in operation. Bali, largest The mission in Sulu wants the Gos- in' population of the three islands, had pels and later the New Testament put a Dutch missionary 60 years ago, but up in such a way as to reach the three was martyred by the Balinese; and schools. This means a triglot-a sec- since then Dutch colonial authority tion on one side of the open pages has prohibited missionary work there.

in Arabic script (the sacred writing) In Lombok, the only barrier is one of for the datu class, and on the opposite language, while in Sumbawa, Moham- page, in two sections, the same ac- medanism is strongly entrenched.

count in Romanized letters and in The "Courier," a little motor launch, English." 42 feet long by 11 feet wide, the gift of Rev. Paul Rader's people in Chi- Work for Filipino Children cago, arrived at the end of last year T HE Rev. Charles N. Magill, D.D., and will prove helpful in carrying the a Presbyterian missionary at Ta- Gospel message to the interior of yaba, Philippine lslands, has been con- Borneo.

ducting services five nights a week.

Every Sunday afternoon and Tuesday NORTH AMERICA evening classes are held for fifty boys Men and Mi"8on8 Sunday N and girls between the ages of six and OVEMBER 15th marks the 25th anniversary of the founding of twelve. Miss Babista, who has been in the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

America and traveled around the By action of many mission boards, this

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day is to be known as "Men and Mis- which the issues that lie at the center sions Sunday." of all the church's efforts were dis- cussed by notable speakers. Every minister is being asked to preach on some phase of the theme of Peace Meeting. in 150 Cities the day. "HOW may another world war be Where the order of service permits, averted?" was the theme di·s- a layman may be requested to speak on the same topic – "Men and Mis- cussed at peace mass meetings held in sions"-for five or ten minutes. 150 cities across the United States and Canada, during the week, Oct. 25-31, Men's Bible Classes are also invited under the auspices of the World Toto give time to discuss that theme. morrow. These meetings were spon- sored by a committee of 275 distin- Every religious speaker on the air guished peace leader,s. Five major that day is being requested to call topics were discussed at the meetings: men to renewed interest in the study disarmament, world organization, reof missions at home and abroad. moving causes of hostility, war resist- ance and education for peace. The An interdenominational men's meet- largest auditoriums available were ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue reserved in the various cities and not Presbyterian church in the afternoon less than 200 outstanding peace advoat 4 o'clock, and simultaneous men's cates will speak at the meetings. meetings in other cities from coast to coast. Broadcasting Religion Warning to Girls ASTRIKING demonstration that the message of Christ may be heard T HE Welfare Council of New York, over a whole continent at once, through an organization which coordinates the radio which uses the waves of invarious social agencies, has issued a visible ether, was the inauguration of warning to young women out of work "The Church of the Air" on Sunday, to avoid New York City. The alluring September 27th, by the Columbia pictures of life in the great metropol- Broadcasting System. At 10 A. M., itan centers, drawn by fiction writers 2: 30 and 5: 00 P. M., an Episcopalian, and moving picture producers are a Roman Catholic and a Jewish rabbi false. The Welfare Council estimates spoke to the whole country, from Denthat there are 100,000 girls and un- ver, Boston and New York. married young women among the army of unemployed in New York City Disciples Cut Expenses today and calls attention to the fact that while the cost of living has gone DEFICIENCY in gifts and increased down in New York so have wages for deficit for the missionary year, girls. Long continued unemployment has led the United Christian Missionand greatly reduced wages have forced ary Society, (Disciples of Christ) to thousands of girls to lower standards vote an adjustment of $175,000 in the of living. Many girls try to save on budget. This will involve the reducrent by seeking rooms in poorer neigh- tion of salaries of officers of the soborhoods, often with' distressing re- ciety and workers in the homeland, sults and increased temptations and reduction of the headquarters staff dangers. Today it is harder than ever and economy in promotion; also large for the out~of-town girls to find work cuts in religious and missionary eduin large cities. cation, in home missions and benevo- lence; in the field of foreign missions, C!lnadian Churchmen Hold Mission- the reduction will involve the with- drawal of missionaries from Tibet and ary Congress Jamaica and most of the workers in AGREAT gathering of mini,sters and laymen of the conferences of Ontario and Quebec was held Oct. 1 and 2. It was a missionary congress, at

the Philippines–placing the burden in house, and he is the first tD be dis- the Philippines largely on the Filipino charged in time of unemployment.

Jeaders. Between 1885 and 1925 over 4,200 per- sons were lynched, or an average of Town Churches and Country Needs two per week for forty years. After T HE country church seems to many greatly reducing the number, there to be growing less important in has been a recrudescence of lynchings American religious life. Farmers and during the past year. the people of the small viIIages can now go to the larger towns and at- While the Mohammedan world is actend services in larger churches. But tually practicing racial brotherhood, and the communist world equal com- churches and ministers have some- radeship regardless of race, the United thing more to do than furnish sermons States is unwilling to give the Negro and services of worship, and very few federal protection by law against town churches project their ministry lynching, and the majority of white into the surrounding rural communi- Americans, despite years Df preaching ties. Specific data supporting these and student discussion groups, appar- general statements have been coming ently are not prepared to practice ra- to light in a survey of twa counties in cial brotherhood. There can be no Nebraska by Dr. J. R. Hargreaves. question but that we should have a He found that when a rural area has wDrld of brotherhoDd in race relations no center for its relighms life, its if the ideals of Jesus were realized.

population generally lacks the other Although we seem far from its realiza- integrating agencies that bind the tion, Christian love wiII surely make residents of a district together. So- some beginnings today in the practice cial, cultural and economic organiza- of equal brotherhood that wiII be both tion tends to evaporate with religious costly and sacrificiaL-Sherwood Ed- organization. The country and village dy.

people tend to become detached and ir- GENERAL responsible suburbanites without true fellowship in Christian activities. The World Alliance Conference Race aJ,ld Brotherhood T HE triennial meeting of the World Alliance for International Friend- H AVE we achieved even an ap- ship Through the Churches was held proach to or a working approxi- at Cambridge University, England, matiDn of real brotherhoDd in our re- Sept. 1-5. Nearly four hundred dele- lation to the non-white majority of the gates were present representing all human race? The favored white race the Protestant churches of thirty- has acquired political control of near- three nations of the world. One Ro- ly nine-tenths of the habitable globe, man Catholic priest was present as an including over half of Asia and all but "observer."

one-thirtieth of Africa. In America The delegates came from almDst our attitude to the Negro has become every country in Europe, from the notDrious throughout the world. In United States, from China and Japan all parts of the country there is dis- and from the British Dominions to crimination and, in some sections, seg- discuss such questions as disarmament, gregation in separate residential dis- national security, the rights of minori- tricts, separate schoDls, churches and ties, national and international loyal- railway coaches; with inadequate ap- ties, and the whole question of the propriations for education, and with- Christian attitude tDward world peace, out the right to vote, although that is the respDnsibility of the churches for guaranteed by the Constitution. The world peace and the Geneva confer- Negro is frequently paid less than the ence next February. These questions white man for doing the same work, occupied the minds of some of the charged more for renting the same most honored church leaders.

001S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns win be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Northern Republics of South America linMgur.isKt eonfnmetuhcGh raubbibli,ttyh, ehaausthtorar~eilsead -Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. ,,:ideiy through South America, espe- By Kenneth G. Grubb. 8vo. 151 pages. Cially among the Indians in the interi- 58. World Dominion Press. London or, and has rendered a timely service New York. 1931. in the production of this book.

The World Dominion Survey Series W. R. W. "attempts to describe briefly and clearly the situation in various countries from the standpoint of world evangel- Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainization." The countries surveyed in erd Mission. By Robert Sparks Walkthis volume are the three northern- er. 339 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New most republics of South America. York. 1931. Though they are the nearest to us they are least often visited by travel- The author of the book was himself ers from the United States and are born twv miles from the old Brainerd less familiar than other republics far- Mission near Chickamauga, Tennessee. ther south. To meet the need for in- Under a rather fanciful title he has formation, the history of each republic given us a splendid record of the misis given in outline, as well as a sum- sion to the Cherokee Indians founded mary of geographical characteristics in 1816 and broken up when these and of prevailing conditions, economic, tribes were forced to migrate westeducativnal and religious. Heroic ward. During twenty years of its exservice is being rendered by evangeli- istence this mission, begun by the cal missionaries but they are too few, Moravians and continued by the Board and the unoccupied areas constitute a of Foreign Missions of New England, real challenge to the American church. had great success in the industrial Thus in Colombia, which has nearly social and moral uplift of the people: eight million inhabitants and is out- The author tells the amazing story of ranked in population only by Brazil how laws were passed, forbidding and Argentina, after 75 years of mis- whites to live on Cherokee lands withsionary service there are but 59 for- out license and how the mission leadeign missionaries, and 1,167 commu- ers under this law were arrested, and nicants; Venezuela, with a population served two years imprisonment. It is of 3,000,000, has 102 evangelical mis- a page from what Helen Hunt Jackson sionaries, with 2,310 communicant has truly called "A century of dishonmembers; Ecuador, with a population or." The account is well documented of nearly 2,000,000, has 41 foreign and the details of the life among the Indians are fascinating.

missionaries and only 290 communi- .T~e brl;ltal treatment received by the cant members. The Survey editor mlSSlonarles at the hands of the state ofwrites in the Foreword: ficials who pretended to be Christians is one of the blackest stains on the charac- A total of somewhat less than four ter of the white race in North America. th~usand communicants among a popu- The thread of the plot to drive the mislatIOn of twelve and a half million points sionaries from the State of Georgia exto the need for far wider evangelism in tended from the officials of that state into these lands in order to create an indig- the office of the Chief Executive of the enous church capable of itself carrying United States at Washington. on the work of further evangelization. S. M. Z.

877

The quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Christ of the Burma Road. By V. W. By Dr. Auguste Jorns. Translated by Dyer. 12mo. 157 pp. American Bap- Thomas Kite Brown, Jr. 269 pp. $2. tist Mission Press. Rangoon. 1931.

Macmillan. New York. One of the most fascinating and en- couraging stories of modern missions Quakers are one of the smallest of is the story of how Burmese Chrisreligious bodies, but they have an in- tian students have gone out in groups ftuenceout of all proportion to their week by week to evangelize and awaknumbers. They average high in intel- en their own countrymen, and have ligence, character and humanitarian crossed over into Siam and Burma on spirit. This volume presents in read- the same mission. The methods have able form an outline of the Quaker been remarkable-as we have alreadY Movement and the contribution that recorded in these pages. Mr. Dye;, Quakers have made to poor relief, one Qf the missionary leaders of these education, temperance, public health, groups, tells the story in this small prison reform and the abolition of slavery. It is an impressive array of facts and it gives the reader a deeper volume. He explains the aim, the appreciation of the philanthropic serv- methods and the outcome. Missionaries ice that has been rendered by this in other lands and Christians in Amer- group of Christians who, as we are ica and England will find here many told, "seem in these latter days to be valuable suggestions for similar work.

called for the strengthening of the world's sense of social responsibility." To the Ends of the World and Back. By J. Walker McSpadden. Illustrated. A. J. B.

Will America Become Catholic. By John 8vo. 378 pp. $3.00. Crowell. New F. Moore. 8VQ. 252 pp. Harper and York. 1931. Bros. 1931. The "Ends of the Earth Club" is Naturally the aim of the Papacy is growing in numbers. Some qualify as to make America "Catholic." The explorers or scientists, as government church and its leaders would not be employees or missionarie&, but more true to their convictions otherwise. travelers today go to the ends of the Mr. Moore, who was for some years a earth on pleasure bound. Mr. McSpad- Y. M. C. A. secretary and who has den describes adventures met in scoutgiven much time to research on the ing for the American Museum of subject of Roman Catholicism in Natural History in New York. The America, here describes the plans, experiences are not the author's per- methods and outreach of the church sonal adventures but, while without in America. The program is as clear literary merit, are varied and many and definite and energetic as the Com- are thrilling. They are interviews munist propaganda-and much better with scientists who have gone out organized. This interesting and fact- hunting for the Dinosaur in Wyoming, ual study includes such topics as Cele- have followed the trail of primitive brate Clergy, Birth Control, Mixed man in Central Asia, have fished for Marriages, the Color Bar and the In- sharks in the Gulf of Mexico. They fluence of the Church. The author has include adventures with head hunters endeavored to be fair, unprejudicial in South America, hobnobbing with and true to facts. He is convinced that pygmies on the Congo; hunting with there is little danger of America be- gun and camera in Madagascar and coming Roman Catholic-the temper tracking strange beasts in Australia. of the people is too liberal, too enlight- The author is appa~ently interested ened, too independent to permit the only in animals and in the physical life great mass of Americans to become of man-not in his social, intellectual subjects to the Pope. and spiritual welfare.

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God's World. Cornelius H. Patton. 297 Leadership of the Constructive Forces of pp. $2. Smith. New York. the World. J. R. Mott. 30 pp. 28. Ox- ford Press. London. The Little Bible-Selections for School and Home with an Appendix for Report of the Commission on Christian Teachers and Parents. Foreword by Higher Education in India. 388 pp. $2. William Lyon Phelps. 468 pp. Oxford Oxford University Press. New York. University Press. London. 1931. Christian Education in the Villages of In- Miraculous Healing. Henry W. Frost. dia. A. V. Van Doren. 115 pp. R8. 2. 174 pp. $1.50. Smith. New York. Association Press. Calcutta.

Nestorian Missionary Enterprise. John Fifty Years Against the Stream. The story Stewart. 352 pp. Rs. 4. Christian of a School in Kashmir, 1880-1930. E. Literature Society. Madras. 1928. D. Tyndale-Biscoe. 96 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society. London. The Negro Year Book. Edited by Monroe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee In- The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. H. stitute. Tuskegee, Ala. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 184 pp. 28. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by the Author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. The Dawn Wind. A Picture of Changing New York. Conditions among Women in Africa and the East. Olive Wyon. 155 pp. Petty and Paul. Edward Hessey. 94 pp. 28. 6d. Student Christian Movement. Is. Pickering & Inglis. London. London.

Charles Lewis Slattery. Howard Chandler Buddhism in India, Ceylon, China and Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Harper. New Japan. A Reading Guide. Clarence York. H. Hamilton. 107 pp. University Press. Chicago. Torchlights to the Cherokee&–The Brain- erd Mission. R{)bert Sparks Walker. An Introduction to the Sociology of Islam.

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Christian Education. Phila. The Finality of Christ. S. B. John. 291 Repol·t of the Commission on Enquiry Into pp. 58. Kingsgate Press. London.

the Control of Opium-Smoking in the youth in a Believing World. Studies in Far East. Vol. II. 500 pp. $1.50. Living Religions. John C. Archer. 176 World Peace Foundation. Boston. pp. $1. Westminster Press. Phila- delphia. India. Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India, 1929-1930. 58. H. M. Sta- PERSONALS tionery Office. London. (Continued from Second Cover.) The SOClai Settlement as an Educational Factor in India. Clifford Manshardt. DR. JOHN MACNEILL, President of the Illus. 87 pp. Re. 1 and Re. 1.8. Ass{)- WorId Alliance, is making an extended ciation Press. Calcutta. tour in the interests of the Alliance. The Baptists in Burma. Randolph L. Howard. tour includes Japan, China, India and the 168 pp. $1. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Holy Land.

Mustapha Kemal of Turkey. H. E. Wor- *** tham. Portrait. Map. Bibliog. 216 pp. TIlE REV. GEORGE L. FORD, Executive 58. Holme Press. London. Secretary of Federated Churches in Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. Vol. Youngstown, 0., has been elected Presi- dent of the Association of Executive Sec- I. C. K. Meek. 582 pp. 258. Kegan retaries of Councils of Churches, State Paul. London. and Local: He also becomes a represent- Zanzibar. Its History and Its People. W. ative of the Association on the Admin- H. Ingrams. Illus. 527 pp. 258 With- istrative Committee of the Federal Counerby. London. cil.

DR. W. W. PETER, pioneer promotor of in British and Spanish Honduras, the lathealth campaigns in China under the Y. ter being especially arduous as it meant M. C. A., has returned to China, at the constant journeys to the bay islands of invitation of the public health section of the Caribbeans. He was a victim of the the Ministry of the Interior, to advise in recent hurricane in British Honduras. the setting up of permanent machinery for the carrying on of health campaigns. * .. ..

*** MISS JOSEPHINE MARTIN, a missionary of the United Presbyterian Church at PROF. C. H. ROBERTSON, also a former Pathankot, Punjab, India, died Septem- "Y" secretary, has recently been re- ber 10th, while on furlough in America. quested by Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of Industry, to join his staff. .. . .. Miss Martin was superintendent of a '" * • girls' high school at Pathankot for many years. DR. CARVER has been invited by Soviet Russia to organize a group of Negro MR. PAUL A. SORNBERGER, a missionary specialists, who have the theoretical and of the American Baptist Board, died repractical training in the production of cently. With Mrs. Sornberger, he was cotton, to visit Russia and demonstrate appointed to the Philippines in 1929, and the best method of agricultural produc- designated to the Central Philippine Coltion and exploitation. Though Dr. Car- lege at Iloilo, P. I., where he was teachver is a Negro, his fame as an agricul- ing Christianity by precept and example. turist is well known among the leaders of the Soviet states. By industry and ex- * .. .. ample he is teaching the young Negro to work, study, save and serve, and if for- THE REV. WM. B. BEAUCHAMP, D.D., tune comes, to take it with sobriety and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal humility. The outcome of the Soviet's Church, South, died at Richmond, Virinvitation will be watched with interest. ginia, on June 28, 1931, at the age of sixty-two. He was president of the OBITUARY Board of Missions of his church and was a delegate to the World Missionary Con- BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, retired mis- ference in Edinburgh in 1910, and to sionary of the Methodist Episcopal the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. Church, died on July 6th in Nashville, Tenn. He was a leader among the col- *** ored members of the church and as pastor, professor, college president, editor of THE REV. WILLIAM MITCHELL PADEN, the Southwestern Chr1Btian Advocate and D.D., died in Salt Lake City, Utah, Qn bishop gave years of effective service. September 16th, after a brief illness. For He was elected to the episcopacy in 1904 thirty-four years Dr. Paden was identiand was assigned to Africa where he fied with work in the Mormon area and labored until his retirement in 1916. in recent years was considered the great- est Protestant authority on Mormonism. *** .. * * MR. GEORGE BRAITHWAITE, of Tokyo, Secretary of the Japan Book and Tract CHARLES GEORGE SPARHAM, a great Society, died on June 18th. He helped to missionary in China for forty-four years, produce the first copy of the Old Testa- who retired from his work there died in ment in Japanese in 1888, and subse- London in September. He was the sonquently helped in the production of the in-law of Dr. Griffith John of Hankow. Japanese New Testament in Roman He was called to leadership in the L. M. characters. His son, G. B. Braithwaite, S. and in his later years was secretary is acting secretary for the present. of the committee coordinating the whole of the L. M. S. operations in China. •** ** MRS. H. W. HARVEY, one of the victims of the hurricane in British Honduras, DR. JUDSON B. HILL, rounding out to went out to Central America with her a day 50 years of distinguished service husband for the Wesleyan Methodist Mis- as president of the Normal and Indussionary Society immediately after their trial college at Morristown, Tenn., died marriage in 1907. September 15th at Battle Creek, Mich. In 1881 Dr. Hill, as a young Methodist *** minister, became head of a pioneer mis- sion school for Negroes at Morristown, THE REV. A. E. SYLVESTER FOWLER, and found himself misunderstood and osworked during the past eleven years both tracized, as he began his work in a dilapi- dated building formerly used as a slave market. Those who fought him, however, ultimately lauded him.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1930

Episcopal Church, South, and 802 ~

COMING EVENTS by using nationalism as a last defense, and, with their back to the wall, making November 1O-18–WORLD ALLIANCE FOR a final struggle to hold their age-long INTERNATIONAL F R lEN D S HIP and world-wide heritage. If ever the THROUGH THE CHURCHES, Washing- Church needed to know the non-Chris- ton, D. C. tian religions and philosophies, it is now. If ever the history of religions deserved November 30-December 5-NoRTH AMER- a place in the theological curriculum, it ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, is today." Washington, D. C. Professor Zwemer asserted that the December 11-12-INTERDENOMINATIONAL purpose of missions stands sure, and its CONGRESS ON MEN'S WORK, Cincin- accomplishment is certain because it is nati, Ohio. the carrying out of a God-given commis- sion. Nevertheless, he said, sympathy January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON with and understanding of, the other THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, religions is the only means whereby the Washington, D. C. missionary and preacher can begin his evangelistic work with any hope of suc- January 20 -21, 1931 – COUNCIL OF cess, for they all contain broken lights CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- which are gathered up in the intense dianapolis, Ind. light of Christ, who is the Light of Light, and the unique and supreme PERSONALS manifestation of God.

DR. ELEANOR DODSON, who went out *** to India in 1895 and has been in charge of the C. M. S. hospital at Multan for BISHOP FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, Presmany years, received the Kaisar-i-Hind ident of the Federal Council of the medal, as a fitting tribute to her devoted Churches of Christ in America, sailed work for the women of the Central Pun- October 22 for India to fulfil his duties jab. as Barrows Lecturer in university cen- ters there. The appointment was made . * * *' jointly by the University of Chicago, as Trustee of the Barrows Lectures to RONALD D. REES has been appointed India, and the Indian Central Executive as the successor to Dr. Henry T. Hodg- Council at Simla. Bishop McConnell kin as British secretary of the National will remain in India for three months. Christian Council of China. This body, The theme of his lectures will be the which links together practicalIy the application of Christianity to social whole of Christian work in China, is pre- problems and movements. ponderatingly Chinese, but the Chinese themselves have insisted that they shall OBITUARY continue to have the assistance of another Britisher. Mr. Rees is a Wesleyan THE REV. JONATHAN J. SCHRAG a miswho went to China for the Methodists in sionary of the China Mennonite Mission 1922. He is Professor of History at Society, died in India on his way to Lingnan University and has traveled America. He and Mrs. Schrag went to widely in China on behalf of the Y. M. China in 1908 to work with the newly C. A. started first Mennonite mission under the leadership of the Rev. H. C. Bartel *** in the robber infested district of Tsao- chowfu, in the Province of Shangtung. THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Here they labored untiringly year in and LL.D., F.R.G.S., distinguished mission- year out for twenty-one years, with only ary leader and world famous as "the one furlough. For the last six years modern apostle to the Moslem World," Mr. Schrag was the main teacher of the was installed in the new Chair of His- men's department of the Bible Training tory of Religion and Christian Missions School, preparing most of the lessons in Princeton Theological Seminary, Oc- and textbooks himself by painstaking tober first. In his inaugural address study and tedious translation. He was Dr. Zwemer pointed out that it is the a consecrated missionary whose death is duty of the theological student and the deeply mourned. prospective missionary to study the non- Christian religions in order that giving *** "full credit to all the elements of truth and beauty" that may be discovered in THE REV. WILLIAM MATZAT, missionthem, the Christian may be prepared to ary of the Lutheran Church, died very "preach Jesus Christ who is altogether suddenly September 2, at Tsimo, China. truth and beauty, because in Him dwells all the fulness of the Godhead bodily." * »0 »0 "Buddhism, Hinduism, Shintoism and THE REV. JOHN STUBBS, a missionary Islam are, it is true, disintegrating, but of the Baptist Mission Society died July they are themselves conscious of this 18 at the Isle of Wight at the age of fact and are therefore everywhere mak- eighty-one. ing attempts to hold fast their age-long heritage by adapting themselves to new *** conditions, by adopting Christian thought or vocabulary, by carrying on DR. WILLIAM WASHINGTON PINSON active propaganda even in western lands, former secretary of missions of th~ widely known throughout Southern Methodism, died at his home in Nash- Are You Sick? ville, Tenn., October 7, following a three months' illness. He was seventy-six Are You Discouraged? years old. Dr. Pinson, originator of the Centenary of Missions movement of his Are You Financially denomination, has been writing mission- Distressed? ary literature for the Sunday School Board for the last four years.

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LIII, No. 11 November

THE MISSIONARY 1f,eWO..~~~ UNDER OUR FLAG IN THE ORIENT BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL Secretary lor Specific Work oj the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions} New York F LAGS were at half-mast for equal to the size of New York and ex-President Taft when we the New England States. landed in Manila. He is re- The country reminded us of membered with high regard in the Siam with its rice fields and water Philippines for it was he who, as buffaloes to work them, its forests Governor, inaugurated civil gov- of cocoanut palms and the begin- ernment July 4, 1901. The visitor nings of groves of rubber trees and today is impressed with the ap- teak, and the people cordial and pearance of the water front, the friendly. The population of the fine harbor, the splendid docks, the entire archipelago is about 12,000,- well-paved boulevard leading into 000. Spanish is the language of the city, other fine streets, the sub- cultUre, English that of commerce, stantial public buildings, and the and there are several native dia- air of busy activity so typical of lects. One has no difficulty in be- the average American city. There ing understood in English, wher- is an older section with narrow ever schools are found, as this is sfreets an'd buildings of Spanish the language in which education is type, as well as native houses of given. In one of the provincial the familiar nipa and bamboo con- high schools we noticed this slogan struction, veritable tinder boxes. on the wall of a corridor, "Speak This was proved when a fire broke English and Talk to the World."

out while we were in the city. In "Is the independence movement an incredibly short time it de- strong?" I inquired soon after my stroyed several hundred houses arrival. "A group of the educated over an area of five blocks and left class are promoting it, while the 2,500 people homeless. great mass of the folk know little There are 7,038 islands in the about it and are content with ex- Archipelago, many of which, how- isting conditions," I was told. It ever, are little more than a few would be strange indeed if the rocks, but there are 466 with an Philippines, autonomous sin c e area of more than one square mile 1915 and lying sO near to the lands each, and eleven of substantial size. that within the last two decades The total area of all of the islands have experienced such tremendous is 114,000 square miles, about political overturnings, were not 805

imbued with the nationalistic spir- line, passed substantial public it. We drove past the residence buildings and splendid high schools of Aguinaldo, famous insurrection- in three principal centers. "All of ist leader of the early days of these evidences of progress are the America's occupation. He is now result of the work of the past a loyal supporter of American sov- thirty years," said our companion. ereignty in the islands and has not More progress has been made in identified himself with the Inde- popular education, in the building pendence leaders. Personally, we of highways and railroads, in infeel that the question should be ter-island communication, in mudecided on other grounds than that nicipal government and reform in of the amount of Philippine sugar or other native products that the past three decades than in the should come into the United States. previous four centuries. There are deeper questions than that of the dollar that enter in. One sign for motorists attracted our attention on the outskirts of In spite of any mistakes and one of the provincial towns. It criticisms, America has in the past read, "Drive slow and see our thirty years" with the cooperation town; drive fast and see our jail." of the Filipino people, wrought a Perhaps it would have a good psymarvelous transformation in the chological effect if used on Amerislands. There is now political and ican highways. We kept out of religious liberty; municipal and provincial government are elective; the calaboose in this Filipino town, the Governor General, the Vice- but our casualties for the trip Governor, the Insular Auditor and were one dog and two chickens. the nine Justices of the Supreme These animals and also pigs fre- Court, five American and four quent the road in considerable Filipino, are the only appointees numbers. The dogs seem to enjoy from Washington; thousands of taking siestas either by the road- Filipinos are in government em- side close to traffic or in the middle ploy, things unknown under Span- of the road. They are loth to move ish domination. Formerly epi- until a car is almost on top of demics of cholera, plague and them. The carabao, or water bufsmallpox were common, now un- falo, is also a slow mover when it known. The public health service comes to getting out of the way, is one of the best in the world. but fleet of foot if angered by a foreigner and after him. They Illiteracy has been reduced from seem to know readily the difference 70 per cent to less than 50 per cent. between natives and foreigners. We saw schools everywhere we With their long horns they can intraveled throughout the islands. flict dangerous and even fatal Railway mileage has been in- wounds. As we came along we creased tenfold and over 6,000 saw a Plymouth roadster a commiles of good highways have been plete wreck in the ditch, result of built. Within a six hours' drive through two of the provinces in 35 miles an hour attempt to avoid Luzon, we covered about 100 miles contact with a water buffalo. As through valleys and over moun- in other parts of the Orient, the motor car has come to the Philiptains. We crossed streams and pines in large numbers and it is g 0 r g e s on well-built bridges, breaking down provincialism here as everywhere else. Crowded crossed and re-crossed the railway buses passed us on all the roads.

UNDER OUR FLAG IN THE ORIENT

If any person asks why there are the Twenty-third Annual Com- foreign missionaries in the Philip- mencement of the Union Theo- pines, the reply is because of the logical Seminary was held. This need of evangelical Christianity institution is maintained by the there as well as in our own towns Methodist, United Brethren, Dis- in the United States. Protestants ciples, Congregational and Presby- therefore went to the Philippines, terian Churches. It confers the and they have been welcomed, in B.A. degree as well as the B.D., spite of opposition and consider- and also the degree of Bachelor of able persecution in the early days. Philosophy. The valedictorian of From the first, comity has been largely practiced and distinct areas have been agreed upon for cultiva- tion by different branches of the evangelical bodies. Within less than a month, of Admiral Dewey's victory at Manila Bay, the Presby- terians planned for entering the Philippines. The Rev. and Mrs.

James B. Rodgers, were the first pioneers. They were transferred by the Board from Brazil, where their experience in a Latin-Ameri- can field peculiarly fitted them for the problems to be faced in the Philippines. The first station was opened in Manila in 1899. Two years later the Evangelical Union, composed of seven of the nine de- nominational missions operating in the Philippines, was organized and has been a powerful force ever since. In 1928 there was a union ELLINWOOD BIBLE SCHOOL of the Filipino Congregational, GRADUATES United Brethren and Presbyterian the Arts graduates was a young Churches to form "the United woman, whose address was ex- Evangelical Church of the Philip- traordinarily good-sermonic in pine Islands." All evangelical form and substance. The address churches in the Islands were in- could be used effectively as a ser- vited to join and at the present mon in any pulpit. One of the youn~ time several have indicated a de- men graduating as a Bachelor of sire to enter the union if the way Philosophy is blind. His relatives becomes clear. At present the and classmates read his lessons to United Evangelical Church has a him. He stood high in his class.

membership of about 30,000 which, He is a lovable character and idol- together with the membership of ized by his fellow students. He other evangelical churches, consti- has his Bible in the Braille text tutes a combined strength of ap- for the blind. It constitutes a li- proximately 100,000 communicants brary of thirteen volumes, which as already mentioned. when piled one upon another reach The day of our arrival in Manila a height of six feet.

The Ellinwood Bible School for miles south of Manila, and the Girls furnishes l}reparation for trade and shipping center for the young women as deaconesses or as entire southern district of the evangelistic workers. The Union Archipelago. It is also an educa- High School provides excellent tional center. The University of training for both girls and boys the Philippines has a Junior Colunder Christian auspices. The lege here and there are also a govdormitories house not only pupils ernment normal school and a large enrolled in any of the schools men- provincial high school. In order tioned, but also students in the to reach this large student body the University of the Philippines near Mission has established hostels for by. There are Filipino congrega- girls and for boys and a Student tions in other parts of the city and Center which attracts large numin the outstations of Pasig and bers daily. There is a ready wel- Cavite near by. These houses of come here, an atmosphere of worship are very plain and simple, friendliness, and a Christian uplift but doubtless within the means of that cannot fail to impress those the congregations to sustain. As who enter. Bible classes and yet Protestantism has not won to church services are held regularly its outspoken support many of the and also a weekly class in Chris- Filipinos of large means. Roman tian Stewardship. The large audi- Catholicism for more than four torium for church services and centuries has held sway, and has other gatherings is the finest of its the allegiance of the cultured kind that we have seen in the Isclasses, nominal in many cases lands. This institution was a however. To become a Protestant mighty good investment. It affords means to break family ties in the a fine opportunity for direct permajority of cases, and to invite to sonal contacts with the large stusome extent social and commercial ostracism. This is the price which dent body. some have gladly paid, while others Bradford Memorial Chapel in hesitate or are secret disciples. It is well, perhaps, that the growth memory of "A Christian Mother," of the Evangelical Church should as the tablet on the wall indicates, be slow. It is far better that it be particularly attracted me because composed of persons of deep reli- of its simple architectural beauty gious conviction and who value the and because I knew personally this principles of Protestantism, than godly Christian mother as one of to be crowded with a large group the most devoted members of the whose profession might be merely Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church that of nom ina I Christianity. in New York. I could not leave the Manila is today a city of the mod- building without a prayer that her ern world, with all the problems of beautiful spirit might continue to :'1.fluence the lives of those who secularism and materialism that knew and loved her, and that the one finds in an American city. church's influence through its pres- These forces challenge the Chris.. ent membership might spread far tian Church for control of the and wide through the community lives of its inhabitants. and beyond. There is a vast dis- trict to be reached from the city of Next to Manila in size and im- Cebu as a center, for the Island is portance is the city of Cebu, on the larger than Rhode Island and has island of the same name, 400 a population of over one million.

Our southern itinerary took us The Institute began with enrol- as far as Dumaguete, on the Island ment of fifteen boys in 1901. Now of Negros, a night's ride on the the enrolment is 974 from 39 prov- boat from Cebu. Though we ar- inces in the Philippines and from rived before 6 A. M., there was a Siam. The students are Filipinos, large committee from the station Chinese, Siamese and Americans.

to meet us. Dumaguete is synony- Thirty Americans are engaged in mous in. missionary vocabulary teaching, twenty-n i n e Filipinos with Silliman Institute, the out- and forty-nine student instructors standing evangelical educational and assistants. In the Bible School institution of the Islands. The department there are ten Ameri- story of its growth is a romance. can instructors. D uri n g the When I was a student in Princeton twenty-nine years of the school's Theological Seminary, I had no existence, more than 15,000 stu- idea that the quiet, unassuming dents have been enrolled. Alumni fellow student, David S. Hibbard, and former students have become would become the guiding genius governors of provinces. members of an institution on the other side of the legislature, professors in of the world whose name would be- universities, prominent lawyers, come a hou'sehold word in mission physicians, nurses, Y. M. C. A. sec- circles. He has insisted upon re- retaries and ministers of the Gos- signing from the presidency to pel.

which he has given twenty-nine As we journeyed through the years of his life, feeling that the Islands, we were impressed by the future demands of the work are large number of students in the beyond his strength. In the college elementary and high schools and annual issued by the graduating in the colleges, both in Manila and class this year, it is said of Dr. in the provinces. If one includes Hibbard that "His Catholicity of all the schools, the number of stusympathy and humanity of outlook, dents in Manila is nearly 90,000. and his faith in the Filipino people There are 7,000 in the University have actuated him to sacrifice much of the Philippines. There is a in order that he might carry the school population of a little more Gospel of an abundant life to our than 3,000,000 with an enrolment country, and whose sterling char- of 1,111,509 in the public schools acter we respect and admire." In and 84,685 in private schools. 1926, the Provincial Board of About 36 per cent of those of Oriental Negros, the Province in which Silliman Institute is located, school age are enrolled in the schools. In round numbers, it may presented to Dr. Hibbard a bronze be said that for every child in tablet, now upon the wall of Silli- school in the Islands there are two outside. Thirty years ago the man Hall, reading: In sincere appreciation of 27 years transport Thomas brought nearly of unselfish service and loyal friend- 600 trained American teachers to ship and because of his unfailing sym- the Philippines to start the Ameripathy in the hopes and aspirations of can-Philippine Public School Systhe Filipino people, the Provincial tem. The work began with an en- Board of Oriental Negros has de- rolment of about 160,000 pupils clared David Sutherland Hibbard to and with about 4,000 teachers. be an adopted ·son of the Province. In Today, there are more than 1,000,- testimony thereto this tablet has been 000 pupils and 27,000 school teachhere placed, April 25th, 1926.

ers. Most of the latter are Fili- high schools and in the Forestry, pinos, about ninety-nine out of Agricultural and Veterinary De- each one hundred. Roughly speak- partments of the University of the ing, one per cent are Americans. Philippines located in Los Banos.

This is a tribute to the success of We visited this area and observed the system, as, within a generation, with delight the good work that is the public school has practically being done by the Rev. and Mrs. created its own teaching force. Hugh Bousman stationed at Los While there are still many children Banos as a center. They are interoutside of schools, the present en- ested in the social activities of the rolment fills the schools that exist. students and in their personal The immediate need is provision problems. Near the campus of the of additional buildings, and the colleges mentioned, we have a neat Government aims in time to pro- and attractive college chapel and vide education for every child. readim", room, the center of the re- The most popular courses are ligious life of all who wish to come. those which lead to the so-called We visited Batangas, within the "white collar jobs." The agricul- area of Mr. Bousman's work. He tural and trade schools should have was holding a series of meetings larger enrolments if the needs of the country are to be met. There with the high school students every is a danger of overstock of gradu- afternoon for a week in the Evanates in the arts, as in I,ndia. Ef" gelical Church. Forty-three of the students in this group signed cards fort should be made to correct this at the close of a week's meetings, situation as far as it is possible indicating their desire to lead a to do so, before a situation like that Christian life. They were not inin India develops 'a large and increasing group of college students vited to sever their connection with too proud for manual work. the Roman Catholic Church, but were told to attend whatever There is a great opportunity for church would best minister to their personal work among the youth, spiritual need. They were encourespecially among the students aged to pray and to read the Scripof the provincial high schools tures daily. This is the sort of throughout the Islands. No reli- work that is being done by several gious instruction is given in these missionaries of various evangelical schools. The Government has churches among the students, and erected fine school buildings, but it good results are being obtained. makes little provision for the proper housing of the students who Four years ago there was held come from a distance. Dormito- in Manila a convention of nearly ries have been erected in some 600 Protestant Filipino young peoplaces by Protestant m iss ion ple. They drew up a statement deboards to house some of the stu- claring their readiness to follow dents, and the Roman Catholics Christ's call to build His Kingdom have followed our example, seeing in the Philippines and to win the the opportunity for personal touch youth of the Islands to Him, also and influence. In Manila there are their belief in a United Evangelical about 25,000 students, and in five Church of the Philippines that provinces, south of Manila, there should carry the spirit of Jesus and is an area in which there are 9,000 His religion to every portion of the students enrolled in the various Orient where He is unknown.

FRO~I TIlE

THE CHINESE PUZZLE Glimpses of a Nation in Transfor:rnation TRAVEL LETTER No. 8 BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON " FOREIGN devils! Foreign When we compare the China of devils." The children of today with the pre-Boxer days, Canton thus expressed their China seems to have made marvel- OpInIOn of us. We thought that ous progress. The antiquated we looked harmless and friendly Manchu dynasty with its eunuchs and that the ancient prejudice and elaborate court functions, has against white faces and foreign been overthrown and a Republic clothes had disappeared since the has been established-at least in "Boxer" Uprising. We were un- name. In place of five treaty ports, able to penetrate far into the interi- the whole country is open to for- or of China, as we had hoped to eign settlement. Railroads have do, for conditions are so unsettled been built, thousands of automo- that a return ticket might prove bile busses have been introduced, useless.* and airplane routes are in opera- China proved an interesting puz- tion. Modern factories have zle. Like some sold in gift shops, sprung up, equipped with the latest it is intricate and composed of machinery. We landed in Shang- many curious parts; but, unlike hai on May first to find that there those puzzles, no one either Chinese was in effect a modern strike which or foreigner seems to possess the had stopped all the electric trams key fo,r its solution. and motor busses. The police were aft·e;V~i~Wl~~d ~n~h~~~~n~,n e~~lat~~~~l fti~~ armed ready for trouble and for- eigners were advis.ed to keep off ~t~l~~~~n'h~?~iaC~sur~~.'is mi~~01,;~~fee:.ri~~ ;~~~ the streets if possible. We did not have time to follow the advice; to Soochow, one of the walled cities, and to Many other m·odern and foreign r:u~kiTfi;nI~in,Cilp!l~lng L:[idr'~r;k{r~~~tedR!t~~~: t ' t t I' ons h ave been I'ntroduced ing from J ap an, WP aga in vi sited Shanp-h ai a nd I• nS I U proceeded to Ho ngkollg ano! Call ton,-D. L . P.

811

into China-clothes, food, a mod- waited thirty years for the auspi- ernized army and navy, foreign cious date.

education, literature and science, Ancient transportation is far movies and dances, telegraph, tele- more prevalent in China than mod- phone and wireless. Women have ern modes. Sampans and junks unbound their feet and men have ply the rivers. Wheelbarrows, cut off their queues. Foreign re- mule litters, sedan chairs and ligion has penetrated all parts of Peking carts convey millions of the country and Christian churches travelers who can afford not to have been established in thousands walk. Men and women strain at of towns and cities. Truly China drawing immense loads of stone or has greatly changed in the past iron which in other countries thirty years–at least on the sur- would be moved only by horses, face. camels, elephants or motor power.

When we go deeper or more into Ancient methods of manufacture the interior, far away from port are still far more common than cities, it seems that China has not modern. Soochow, a twenty-five radically changed. This makes hundred year old walled city and the Chinese puzzle difficult to solve. one time capital of the Wu King- Those who have been in the coun- dom, is only two hours from try longest and have studied the Shanghai by rail. There we saw people and their customs most cotton cloth being polished by huge carefully, see beneath external granite rollers rocked by the feet changes the same hoary customs, of men. Hanging to an overhead superstitions, philosophy and be- pole they rocked the stone back and liefs. China is too great a country forth over the smooth surface of a to change quickly and completely. wooden roller, until a few inches We sailed in a modern steamer ,o.f the cloth was polished; then up the Pei-ho (river) to Tientsin. they shifted the cotton and began On the way we passed two dead again. For this labor they receive bodies of men floating naked in the twenty cents (Mexican) a day, stream. No one seemed to care and (about seven cents).

no man would draw them ashore In the same way countless other lest he be accused of complicity in ·industries are carried on by hand.

the death. We also passed acre In Canton we saw small boys of upon acres of land covered with fourteen or fifteen cutting blocks small and large mounds. These ,o.f jade with a metal disk operated are graves, and they are found by a tread wheel. Other very everywhere in China, occupying small boys were carving ivory, for land that is sorely needed for culti- which work they are paid a few vation. In Japan cremation has cents a day.

been ordained by the law in order . Before the world, China's gov- to conserve valuable land, but in ernment seems to be based on mod- China the ancient belief persists ern principles, but beneath are that to disturb ancestral graves is found many characteristics of the not only impious but will bring dis- autocracy and corrupUon of the aster. In Canton we saw a "City days of the Empress Dowager.

of the Dead" where bodies are kept The same oriental spirit seems to untn some soothsayer declares the prevail, governed by the idea that propitious time and place for bur- a public office is for private gain ial. Some bodies are said to have and to ~nable the official to grant

THE CH1NESE PUZZLE

favors to his friends. While we so wounded were brought into the were prevented by unsettled con- Soochow hospitals. ditions and lack of time from traveling far into the interior, we The old tradition that "saving were fortunate in meeting, at the the face" is more important than excellent Missionary Home in saving the country is responsible Shanghai, missionaries from all for much of the present trouble of parts of China. From every dis- China. Government officials protrict came the word that the Chi- claim reforms to the world, reneseare out of patience with the forms which they do not intend Nationalist Government. (apparently) to carry out. They thus give an impression of ideal- "It is the worst we ever had," is ism which is not in their real prothe discouraged statement 6f many gram. To proclaim is one thing, Chinese. Famine prevails in Shan- to perform is another. si and Shantung, but the Government does nothing. Bandits and This seems to be true in the govpirates are active, even near the ernment's educational program. large cities, but the Government is The old Confucian system, with its powerless to protect life and property. The taxes are more oppres- RUINED BY COMMUNIS'l'S sive than ever, and yet men who pay them receive no benefit. The virtues and its vices, has been abolmoney collected goes to selfish of- ished and a new system has been ficials and to maintain an ineffec- introduced based on occidental tive army and useless navy. "We textbooks and methods. In every are compelled to plant opium, in city we saw primary and middle place of food, in order to pay the schools with large buildings and taxes-and this in the face of fam- often with modern equipment. ine." The Government even desires to take over the foreign mission The army and so-called navy, al- schools and colleges. They have though drilled by Europeans and decreed that all these institutions equipped with modern arms, pre~ shall have Chinese principals or sents some pathetic sights. We presidents and a majority, or twosaw a "gunboat" on the Pearl River thirds, of Chinese members on the at Canton that looked like a boy's faculties and boards of control. craft made of Standard Oil tins! But China has not now a sufficient We traveled to Nanking with a number of trained men and women company of "soldiers." They were for these positions. The result is mere boys of fourteen to eighteen inefficiency and even chaos. New years of age-cheaper to support Occidental wine is being put into and less of a present economic loss if they are killed, but show the present weakness of the country and endanger the future. They are said to be reckless with firearms, but many have so little understanding of patriotism and so little interest in the conflict that they wound their own hands to escape from the army. Many

old Chinese wine-skins-with the Christian as principal, or the in- inevitable result. troduction of anti-Christian text- The Chinese are more eager to books, or the installation of un- control their own institutions than reasonably expensive equipment to benefit their country. The pres- for which foreigners must pay.

ent leaders have a greater desire The experience of Cheloo Uni- to exercise power than to confer versity (Shantung Christian Col- benefits. The fact that foreign lege) is a case in point. The story schools and colleges have been built was told me by one of the profes- and are run with foreign funds to sors and the facts were investi- help the Chinese seems to have no gated by a Shantung newspaper or weight with them. In reply to the editor. The students of the Col- statement that in other civilized lege Arts and Sciences went on countries, institutions, not detri- strike (a favorite sport in China), mental to national welfare, are and demanded the resignation of permitted under the complete con- the principal, a Chinese Christian trol of foreigners, even so intelli- of good standing and real ability.

gent a leader as Dr. C. T. Wang, The faculty, the majority being (Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chinese, voted to confer and com- former Y.' M. C. A. Secretary) promise with the strikers. They says "But this is China; we will finally yielded to the student de- do as the Chinese think it best to mands, and the. principal resigned.

do." The students returned to classes There is still much division of for a time, but struck again for opjnion among missionaries as to more modern equipment and a whether mission schools and col- better library. The students al- leges should be registered and sub- ready enjoyed more modern plumb- mit to full government control, or ing in their dormitories than was should carryon as long as possible found in some of the homes of as missionary institutions. The foreign professors, and the library government regulations include contained several thousand vol- (beside a Chinese principal and a umes. The faculty put up notices majority of Chinese on the faculty on the bulletin boards, which were and board of control) the elimina- torn down by student strikers and tion of religion from the curricu- their own substituted. By vote of lum, no compulsory religious the Chinese majority on the facul- services or classes, weekly honors ty, another conference was called.

(some call it worship) before the The strikers occupied the directors'

portrait of Sun Yat Sen; educa- seats in the board room and inti- tion in his Principles, in some cases mated that they had the power to by a government appointed and cause the resignation of any mem- mission paid teacher, the use of ber of the faculty. Foreign mem- government textbooks, compulsory bers of the board were in favor of military drill, and acceptance of all drastic measures, but Chinese government standards. Many of members voted to temporize, plead- these requirements would not be ing with the students to return to objectionable, but others threaten classes. Finally, some demands to destroy the Christian character were granted and the strike was of the institutions. For instance, called off for a time. Next, the the Government may at any time employees of the University were require the appointment of a non- induced by the students to strike.

THE CHINESE PUZZLE

This shut off the light, heat and Confucian ethics are glvmg way water and endangered the lives of before Dr. Sun Yat Sen's "Prin- the sick in the University hospital. ciples." (Extracts from these When girl students refused to join "Principles" are even posted in in the latest strike, obscene and some mission schools.) The old blasphemous posters were put up Buddhist and Taoist religions are on the campus and the girls were fast losing influence over the charged with immoral relations young, and temples are increasing- with professors. A threat was ly neglected and are falling into made to burn the library so that decay. Since there are over 400,- it was necessary to guard it night 000,000 people in China, many and day. temples still attract throngs of At this juncture, a committee of worshipers, but irreligion is rapid- foreign members of the University ly growing.

Board was named to take action. So China is a puzzle, economi- They declared the College of Arts cally, politically, educationally, re- and Sciences closed for the re- ligiously. What is the solution?

mainder of the year and ordered Multitudes of the Chinese appear all the students to go home. They to be discouraged. Poverty has communicated with the Nanking ground them down; famine and Government, visited the dormito- taxes have added to their burdens; ries with police, and enforced the their old religions seem to have order. failed them; their high hopes in The real cause of the trouble Dr. Sun Yat Sen's program and here, which may be repeated else- the success of the Nationalist Gov- where, has been that the Nation- ernment have been disappointed.

alist Party Commissioner of Edu- Some who take an interest in cation for Shantung (who was China's welfare desire a change in educated in France) is strongly government. But will a change anti-foreign and anti-Christian. mean an improvement? Where are He and the local Tung Pu (political the leaders and program that they party organization) incited and can trust?

directed the students, who estab- China has changed remarkably lished a Nationalist Party head- in many ways; it has not changed quarters on the University campus. in more ways. Herein lie the per- Some of the mission schools and plexing factors in the Chinese puz- colleges in China report little zle. The Chinese are discouraged, trouble as a result of registration, and yet they are not discouraged.

but visits to some of the leading Millions go on their way as if noth- Christian schools and colleges, and ing had happened and nothing were interviews with missionaries and happening. No doubt many do not Chinese in and out of direct educa- yet know that there is a "Republic"

tional work, have led to the convic- or that the Empress Dowager is tion that Christian education in no more.

China is in a precarious situation. The Elements of Hope It is a puzzle without any solution in sight. There are two great elements of hope, yes three, for the solution of The Religious Puzzle the present Chinese puzzle. First: The religious situation in China China has been loosed from her old also presents a puzzle. The old moorings and roused out of her

age-long complacency. Her very at the outlook in China had we foundations have been shaken and looked only at external, material she has seen her ancient institu- conditions or at human forces and tions tottering and falling. China leadership. But we are not dis- is awake and is looking for new couraged or pessimistic. Wernet and firmer foundations and a bet- hundreds of Christian mission- ter superstructure. China has not aries who have given their lives to achieved modern ideals for it lacks China. We never met one who ideal leaders, but China is in the showed discouragement. In spite process of development, and in of bandits, warfare, famine, gov- time strong leaders will be devel- ernment opposition, anti-Christian oped. "It will take at least ten or sentiments, and other difficulties fifteen years for China to become and dangers, they are prepared to .

stabilized and at peace," we said to carryon in faith and with faith- a missionary of long experience. fulness. We met missionaries who "You are an optimist," he replied; had been captured by bandits, "we think it will take fifty or one whose property had been de- hundred years, unless progress is stroyed, whose work had been much more rapid than it has been broken up, and whose mission in the past:" buildings have been occupied by Second: There are forces at communist soldiers; but one and work that are changing Chinese all these missionaries are ready to character and laying new founda- carry on. Those who have been called of God to be His witnesses in tions. These are living forces, not China are not ready to resign at materialistic; they are divine the first, or the twenty-first, barforces not merely human. Chris- rier or threatened danger. The tian truth has been planted in spirit that dwelt in Morrison and China and is growing and bearing Hudson Taylor, in Calvin W. Mafruit. Christ is living in the hearts of thousands of Chinese and is teer and Griffith John, in Horace changing their characters and pre- Pitkin and J. Walter Lowrie is not paring them for service. Many dead, and will not die.

Christians are ignorant and weak, In Peiping (Peking) we had the and in many places the Church is great privilege of hearing from Dr.

ineffective, but in multitudes of Ingram, an American Board mis- Chinese, Christ is a living force sionary and one of the survivors of and many churches are proving the Boxer Uprising, tell the thrill- themselves not merely arks for ing story of the seige of Peking.

safety, but power houses for serv- Seated in the chapel of the British ice. Legation, where thirty years ago Third: God must be reckoned the lives of hundreds of foreigners with in China today as in the past. and thousands of Chinese Chris- It is impossible for Christians to tians were sought day and night believe that one-fourth of the hu- for fifty-four days by a blood- man race is left out of His pro- thirsty mob of Chinese, we lis- gram of redemption. His will tened to the story, dramatically cannot be defeated; He knows the told. The result of the faith and solution of the Chinese puzzle, and fidelity of missionaries in that time He will reveal it in due time. of persecution; of the loyalty of We might have been discouraged Chinese and foreign Christians

even unto death; of the fellowship ists, from the seat of war-but not in testimony and in suffering of far from the notice of God.

missionaries and Chinese, were Success in China, as elsewhere, evidences of the power of God and is not dependent on great instituof the truth of the Gospel of tions, or fine equipment, or abun- Christ. The result was a wonder- dant financial resources. As has ful awakening, after the subsid- been clearly proved all through ence of the Boxer movement, and the ages, success depends on the great ingathering into the Chris- whole-hearted and intelligent retian Church. Many more were sponse of men to the call of God. won to Christ in the decade between 1900 and 1910 than had been The Chinese puzzle is perplexwon in the one hundred years from ing-almost baffling. So was the 1800 to 1900. God is not dead! He Palestine puzzle in the days of the has not left Himself without wit- apostles; so was the European ness in China today. Similar faith puzzle in the days of the Reformaand fidelity, under trial, similar tion; the world evangelization love and Christian fellowship be- puzzle in the days of Carey; so was tween Chinese and other Chris- the Moslem puzzle in the days of tians, similar courage and witness- Raymund Lull, and the Indian puzing to Christ and His salvation zle in the days of the Sepoy Retoday, must, we believe, bring vic- bellion. The God who solved these tory. puzzles will, we believe, solve the Chinese puzzle in His own time and We saw many signs of this com- way. Then the political and eduing victory, and the Power at work. There are Christian institutions cational tangle will be straightened out and laws and customs will be where "the Word of God is not in harmony with the laws of God. bound"; there are schools and col- What a wonderful day that will leges in which the chief purpose is be, when China, with all her to win students to Christ and to natural wealth and her human train them for His service; there resources, with her wonderful facare hospitals where the healing of ulty for patient perseverence under the soul is held to be of even more difficulty and her readiness to sufimportance than the healing of the fer or to serve in the cause of an body; there are churches where the accepted Master, places all these at members are taught that to be saved is not enough, they must go the feet of Christ.

out to save others.* The work in In the meantime, we at home can accept our part in the solving the great cities like Canton, Han- of the Chinese puzzle-a partnerkow, Shanghai and Peiping is im- ship in sympathy, in prayer, in portant for they are strategic testimony, in sacrificial giving and centers, but perhaps the greatest service. It is a partnership with work and that which is most surely the missionaries, with the Chinese transforming China is to be found Christians, with the Lord Jesus in the interior far from the port Christ. The Chinese puzzle is not cities, far from the eyes of tour- yet solved, but it is being worked • We hope to tell the story of some of th is out by those who are in this partwork Inter in 'l'HFl REVIEW.-D. L. P. nership.

2

of CHRISTIAN

IN CHINA* BY THE RT. REV. FREDERICK R. GRAVES Protestant Episoopal Bishop of Shanghai C H R 1ST I A N colleges and proper discipline and moral care. schools in China are now in The opposition is political and great difficulties and have to revolutionary.

face what amounts to deliberate Matters have gone very much in persecution. In many places their this way for the last years. MilibiIildings have been occupied by tary occupation is only one of the soldiers and greatly damaged or troubles; the standing difficulty left in such a filthy state that they all along has been the policy of the had to be entirely renovated. Some government. have been destroyed, others have been seized upon by Chinese who Ever since the meeting of the started schools in them for their own profit,' others have been pre- World Christian Student Federavented from reopening by powerful local enemies. tion and the visit of the Edu- To give a concrete instance. cational Commission in 1922 the The Mahan School at Yangchow was widely known throughout the anti-Christian forces in China have Province of Kiangsu as an institution of the highest standing. It directed bitter attacks against was seized and occupied by the soldiers in 1927. The furniture Christian schools. In 1925 reguwas destroyed, the books burned, and the interior and grounds left lations were promulgated for in an unspeakably dirty condition. The loss amounted to Mexican registering schools in order to $30,000. No compensation has ever been paid and no regret has bring all schools under the control been expressed. Furthermore, the local Board of Education has pre- of the government authorities. In vented the re-opening of the school. Such histories could be duplicated 1927 further regulations were in any number concerning schools of the various missions in different published. Section 5 of these reguparts of China. It is important to note here that not only Christians lations reads "The institution shall but Chinese of all classes are eager to send their children to mission not practice any religious rites or schools when they can get the opportunity, because they are con- ceremonies and shall not have as vinced that they will receive a sound intellectual training and also its purpose the propagation of re- ligion." In 1929 there was added, "If there are any religious exer- cises students shall not be com- pelled or induced to participate.

No religious exercises shall be al- lowed in primary schools."

A good many missionary schools, hproewpeavreir~g have registered or are to register, hoping to preserve their schools at all costs and trusting in the assurance of Chinese friends that the govern- ment only requires submission and that the regulations will not then be too strictly enforced.

To our friends in America it 19•30F.rom The LWing Ohurch, September 6. may appear that there is no objec- 818

1930J REGISTRATION OF CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS IN CHINA

tion to registering our mission in- schools, kindergartens, or normal stitutions with the Nationalist schools for Chinese students; All teachers of primary schools Government. Let us see what it and kindergartens shall be of Chinese implies: nationality; 1. The school that registers As from 1930, graduates of Chrisceases at once to be a private school tian ·schools shall not receive treatment and becomes a part of the govern- on an equal basis with graduates of ment system. The control passes non-Christian schools; out of the hands of the mission. Schools having theological courses 2. The school must teach the or the faculty and students of which party propaganda of the National- hold religious services in the school ists as part of the curriculum. buildings shall not be granted regis- 3. The teaching of Christianity tration; All Christian schools having failed in the school is forbidden. to register shall be closed within a 4. A teacher of the propaganda specified period; and another who is in charge of Inspectors -of the provincial or disthe discipline of the institution trict educational bureau shall, from must be appointed by the govern- time to time, investigate the condiment, the salaries of both to be tions of registered Christian schools paid by the Mission. in order to find out whether the These are the chief points in the authorities of these are engaged in government requirements which religious propaganda; make registration impossible. And Presidents of registered Christian note that the only privilege which schools shall be appointed by Chinese the mission would retain is the government organs, but the right of supervision shall rest with the board privilege of paying all the bills. of directors of these schools; The spirit of the campaign Religious organizations shall not against Christian schools is well hold religious courses for Chinese illustrated by the action of the students and organizations founded Shanghai Kuomintang, which ap- for the purpose of studying religions pears in the newspapers of May shall not permit non-adults of Chinese 22. The position and influence of nationality to become members; the Shanghai Kuomintang is very Those ignoring this order -shall be like that of the Jacobin Club in suppressed without hesitation; Paris in 1789. It is not the gov- The Young Men's Christian Associ- ation in the various provinces, which ernment but it succeeds generally is supposed to be founded for the in imposing its will on the govern- promotion of four virtues, having been ment. The North China Daily found to engage in propagating the News of May 22 reports the regu- Christian religion, the native educalations as follows: tional organs shall immediately take The following "anti-Imperialistic over its control; cultural invasion measures," decided All publications issued by religious upon by the Propaganda Department schools or organizations shall be cen- of the Shanghai District Kuomintang sored by the local Kuomintang head- on Wednesday, will be enforced in quarters.

Shanghai as soon as they are approved But behind all this matter of by the Executive Committee of the registration there is a clear indicalocal Tang-pu. tion that the policy of the Board Associations organized by persons of non-Chinese nationality shall not of Education is, as a Chinese edu- be permitted to establish primary cator expressed it to me, "half

Bolshevik and half Columbia Uni- courses in religion, and two months versity," that is, that they have ago a petition from representatives determined not only to have a sys- of a number· of Christian bodies, tem of government education who as Chinese Christians asked which is entirely secular, but to for religious toleration in their prevent anyone from teaching re- schools, has been peremptorily religion in any form. They have fused. made it quite plain that they will either close Christian institutions Christian schools and colleges by order, or place them under such have been of immense service to disabilities that they will wither China, but in the face of present up. conditions it would seem that the best service they can give to China There have been cases recently would be to refuse to yield their where a passport was refused to principles, and show that they Chinese students going to America value their religion above any adbecause they intended to take vantage.

METHODIST CHURCH IN MEXICO ORGANIZED BY BISHOP FRANCIS J. McCONNELL I HAVE returned from the Con- necessary under the Mexican law. ference at Mexico City which I had my usual experience in cross- set in motion the final machin- ing the border of being taken off ery for the organization of an the train and sent back to the independent Methodist Church in United States because I signed my- Mexico. The final meetings of the self as a Methodist minister. Of Commission were marked by entire course, as soon as I could get into unanimity and complete cordiality telegraphic touch with the authorof spirit. In a word, the two Meth- ities at Mexico City, I was at once odisms in Mexico are merged into admitted, but my being repeatedly one body with a General Confer- taken off the train on my various ence of its own. trips to Mexico is an indication of the difficulty that confronts a There is to be a cooperative com- Methodist Bishop from the United mittee with representatives from States as soon as he reaches the the various organizati'ons in the Mexican border. Other and more two Methodisms which have prop- serious difficulties are waiting for erty and financial interests in Mex- him as he moves into the country. ico, but the work of this committee Any religious work in Mexico unis chiefly consultative and advis- der the authority of anybody outory. To all intents and purposes side the country is seriously handi- Methodism is now independent in capped. Mexico, with only fraternal relations existing with Methodism in Mexican Elected Bishop* the United States. The Methodist Church of Mex- If any body feels that the new ico was formed in Mexico City in movement is radical, let him remind himself that it had become 'By W. W. Reid-Board of Foreign Mis· sions, Methodist Episcopal Church.

METHODIST CHURCH IN MEXICO ORGANIZED

July of this year by the Union of Monterey, where, after being pastor, he became superintendent of the disthe churches and missions main- trict of the same name.

tained for more than half a cen- He has always been an outstanding leader in the young people·s' work and tury by the Methodist Episcopal has been the heart 'of the Nationalist movement in Mexico. Mrs. Pascoe is Church and the Methodist Epis- quite as widely and favorably known as her husband in her activity in copal Church South, from the women's work. She is the President United States. It now becomes a of her Conference Missionary Society, wholly independent Church, all its of the National Union of Women's Societies of Mexico, as well as the ministers being native-born. Evangelical Confederation of Womens' Societies in Latin America, a union of The Rev. J. P. Hauser, mission- women's work in the Carribean Area, effected last year in the Havana Conary in Mexico, gives this account gress.

of the Conference: The finest of ·spirit prevailed in all the deliberations. The Methodist The General Conference of the new Church of Mexico thus starts out on Methodist Church of Mexico met in its new career with a Bishop that is Mexico City, September 16th in the widely known and·well-beloved and it historic church of Gante No.5. also has a body of trained leaders. Ninety delegates, mini·sters and lay- The new organization has over 15,000 men in equal numbers, came together members and includes the central representing the two Methodisms. states of Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, The sessions were opened by the Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Queretaro and Lord's Supper under the direction of Guanajuato and the border states of the eight district superintendents. Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Coa- Dr. Pedro Flores Valderrama, who is huila, Nuevo Leon and a part of just completing fifty years in the Tamaulipas. ministry, gave the inaugural address. The new Church begs the prayers The Conference was organized the and loyal support of the home Church. first morning and on the second day It is independent, but will maintain the Committee on Episcopacy brought a vital relation with the mother in its report, which contained several Church through a committee of sixradical measures, such as that the teen known as the Gouncil of Cooperabishop shall be elected for four years tion and consisting of representatives only and that there would be no re- of the Boards of Missions of each Church and the General Conference of election. Mexico. This present organization is With deep interest the delegates the result of the work of the Commis- sion of Unification which was ordered awaited Friday morning the 19th by the General Conferences of the two when the election of the new bi,shop Methodisms and which met in Mexico took place. Mr. Pascoe was chosen City last July. One of the fraternal on the eighteenth ballot, and he was delegates to this Conference expressed consecrated in an impressive service the hope that some day the Methodist the following Sunday. Church and the Congregational Church in Mexico might unite. May Bishop John Nicanor Pascoe was we not hope that what the Methodisms born forty-three years ago in San of Mexico have done, the Methodisms Telmo, State of Mexico. He went of the world may some day bring through the mission schools and re- about? ceived his higher education in Vander- bilt University, Nashville, Tenn., where he met his future wife who was attEnding the Methodist Training School. They came back to their na- tive land and Brother Pascoe has held the important churches of Balderas, Mexico City, Chihuahua, Saltillo, Allende, San Antonio, Texas, and

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

OF AGE* BY THE REV. L. P. VAN SLYKE Sccn:tary of RcligiU'llS Educa.tion for the Synod of .illc.:vivo O NE of the most noticeable istics of the various Mexican Prot- phenomena in Mexico's life estant Churches is their demand is the national consciousness. that the leadership of the evangel- I wAs going to say "the growing ical cause in Mexico: pass from the national consciousness," but it missions to the national churches.

would be moxe correct to say "over- There is nothing revolutionary grown." For it is an exaggerated in this desire on the part of our consciousness, very much like that Mexican brethren. The fulfillment of the boy just out of high school. of this ambition, when the time is It is "Mexico for the Mexicans" ripe, means the achievement of the with a vengeance. A government great aim of Foreign Missions, postmark ,bears the legend "Na- that is, the establishment of a selftional manufacturers can compete governing, self-supporting and with foreign gools." A systematic educational campaign is be i n g self-propagating national church. waged to get the Mexican people Not only so, but it means the reto believe in themselves, their moval of a great hindrance to the Gospel itself, namely, its apparproducts, their art, their destiny. ently foreign character, its foreign And this exaggerated national sources of support, and the control consciousness has as its special of the evangelical enterprise by antipathy our own United States! foreigners. Above all is this true It hardly needs a sociologist to in Mexico, where the Catholic understand that such an attitude propagandists exert every effort on the part of nearly the whole to convince the people that the Mexican people cannot but have a preaching of the Gospel is merely powerful effect on the churches a subtle form of infiltration by the founded by American missions in American Government with a view Mexico. It would be very strange to later political control, and that if the leaders of these national to become a Protestant is really to churches were not applying to become a traitor to Mexico. Hence, their churches the principle of national control of the Protestant "Mexico for the Mexicans" in the enterprise is a positive advantage sense of complete self-determination for these churches. This ap- to the gospel cause. plication has been hastened by the present enforcement by the Mexi- The goal of self-government was can Government of the constitu- attained by the Mexican (Presbytional provisions prohibiting the terian) Church in 1901, when the exercise of ministerial functions by Synod of Mexico was formed and foreigners. I think that it can be made independent of the General said without exaggeration that one Assembly in the United States. of the most outstanding character- Slow progress had been made to- ward self-support by the larger congregations, when in 1916 the * Frolll The Prc81Jyterian jlag(l:~+Jlc. withdrawal of our Boards from the 822 Presbyterian field in the north of dispensaries be turned over to it. Mexico in accordance with the re- This was more sweeping than had distribution of territory among the been expected, but believing the different Protestant Boards under time had come to take the Presbythe Cincinnati Plan of Coopera- tery at its word, their requests tion, brought about unexpectedly a were granted without qualification. long step forward in self-support and self-control. The turning over of all the evan- gelistic work within the limits of In September, 1928, a conven- the Presbytery seemed to mean tion of the Mexico City Presbytery that the evangelistic missionaries was held, notable for the large would no longer be needed in this representation of laymen present territory, but the Presbytery made and for their prominence in the known that if a missionary were proceedings. The aim of the Con- willing to work under its direction, vention was the consideration of it would gladly welcome his servthe problem of self-support. Pa- ices. triotic enthusiasm marked the gathering. It was voted to recom- The Presbytery is manfully facmend to the Presbytery that be- ing its task, and going about it in ginning April 1, 1929, it take over a business-like manner. So far, it the entire support of both min- is meeting with a large measure of isters and lay workers, and the success. It is both supporting its direction of all evangelistic work work and really directing it, showin its territory. This was made ing considerable initiative and enthe official action of the Presby- terprise. tery. With the attainment of self- In its official communication to support by this section of the Mexour Mission, the Presbytery peti- ican Church, the great majority of tioned the Mission to turn over to the Presbyterian churches in Mexit the full responsibility for the ico have become self-supporting. support of all evangelistic workers This being the case, it is entirely (Mexicans), both ordained and lay, natural and right that the leaderand the full direction of all evan- ship of the Presbyterian work in gelistic work, including social cen- Mexico should pass definitely into ters and dispensaries. I shall the hands of the Mexicans, and that never forget the sweet spirit of the foreign missionaries should our Mexican brethren, as they pre- from now on take the place of servsented to the Mission in its meeting ants of the Mexican Church. This last December the desire of the is being done. At the request of Presbytery to assume the responsi- another Presbytery, one of its misbilities of manhood, and as they sionaries is being sent to Yucatan expressed their personal gratitude to take charge of the Bible School to the Mission for what it had done in the capital, Merida. At the for them individually in giving Synod's request another man has them their knowledge of Christ, been turned over to the Synod as their education, and their oppor- its Secretary of Religious Educatunity to serve in the Christian tion. A Joint Commission of Mexministry. The Presbytery also icans and missionaries has been asked that all church buildings formed, through which the Mexiand manses, as well as the prop- can Church will be able'to have a erties used as social centers .and real influence in forming the poli- cies of the missions. BY SUE WEDDELL "YSecrciary for rOllny n"01J/CII'S lrQrk oj The Rr'jormcd Church in Am('ricu, -,-Yew )'urk OUNG people are much indulging in wishful thinking, let more interested in person- us use it as a recipe for the making al matters than they are in of a program that will fit them as World Affairs," exclaimed a mem- they are.

ber of a conference committee re- The world has for some years cently as a missionary program looked upon youth as a problem, for youth was being discussed. and we have done with this prob- "Yes," contributed another, "when lem what we have done with many we put up a poster announcing a others-cast it into a form and dis- missionary meeting, that's their cussed it pro and con, ad infinituJn.

signal to stay away." "Perhaps Not long ago a modern girl entered they haven't much time for such the Girls Department of a certain things," a timid voice sounded. Y. W. C. A. The secretary had a "They're kept pretty busy in school few books lying on her desk which these days and the schools seem to she had been using in preparing a cover a great deal of the ground talk. "What Ails Our Youth?", that the churches used to cover. "What's the Matter With the Girl Their world citizenship programs of Today?", "Youth in Conflict,"

are pretty far-reaching." "Young and other titles stared up at the people seem to have time enough girl as she walked in. Her eye ran for the movies and the talkies and hastily over the desk and in a re- for parties and things," said an- signed voice she said to the secre- other-"and have you ever noticed tary "I wonder what they will say how much time they spend just about us next?" She was acutely sitting around talking. What do conscious of being a problem and you suppose they talk about?" being talked about. "It would be interesting to have There is no denying the problem, one of them here to tell us," was but so often when we begin to the pointed rejoinder, "I've noticed think of a perplexity as a problem that when they express themselves the question itself begins to lose on a subject they usually have reality. President Glenn Frank, something worth saying." "And who declares that we Americans I've noticed," added an eager voice, have a "problem mania," tells us "that when you give them a job that questions when relegated to to do it gets done. Perhaps we the problem class become formal ought to let them plan their own and academic and abstract, and conferences!" that we indulge in a general con- At which the members of the sideration of theories instead of committee fell to and went on with making a specific search for the ef- their task. fective thing to do under the im- Let us look at this partial pic- mediate circumstances. "It is," he ture of youth thrown hastily on says, "far better to consider ways the imaginary screen. Rather than and means for getting good milk taking it as food for argument for to the Indian babies than to call a or against the youth of today and meeting to hear a paper on 'The 824

1930J YOUTH AND MISSIONS

Milk Problem Among Indians.''' 2. Make it personal. Are young Just so, in our consideration of people more interested in personal "Youth and Missions," it were matters than in world affairs?

better for us to attack the subject Probably. It is natural. It is a not as a problem but as a program, time of personal adjustments, per- taking our cue from that neat little sonal realizations; new and vital adage, "the cure of a problem is a personal relationships are just be- program." ginning. It is an easy time to be- Using our very inadequate pic- gin a permanent interest in other ture of youth as a recipe for such countries through a personal con- a program, let us search for the tact that might develop into real ingredients that would make up friendship. It is a time when the kind of world friendship activ- understanding of other races may ities which young people would in come through meeting some im- their own terminology, "eat up." mediate and intimate human need What should be the make-up of openly and honestly. Not long ago such a program of activities? a young people's president was 1. Make it pictorial. All our mourning because he could not gl't lives we have heard the Chinese his society interested in Africa proverb that "one picture is worth where his church had work that needed support. He said "I had ten thousand words," and yet we an interesting program all worked continue to use words many times out on our African work for last where pictures would serve far Sunday, but it fell flat. Unfortubetter. A missionary, recently re- nately, we had had a race riot in turned from India, illustrated this our town last week and I couldn't point well when she described a get the sDciety members off the first visit to an Indian village. The subject, they were so stirred up children crowded around her and over it." The question of the she tried to give out little Testa- Negro next door instead of in ments and talk to them about Africa, a question so vital to his Jesus. They seemed uninterested society members that they couldn't and moved away. She set up her get it out of their minds, could stereopticon and started to show have been the very finest starting the pictures of Jesus' life, and one point for a study of Africa, had he by one the children stole back and only made use of it. Knowing how she held them all spell-bound for to turn such personal experiences an hour. The power of pictures into wider world contacts and rehas been capitalized by the contin- sponsibilities is one of the most imuation schools which portray on portant tasks in the leadership of the walls in their waiting rooms youth. It is one of the "tragedies and classrooms, pictures and dia- of waste" in our great country, grams which show how to get on that we so often let such opportuin the world, how to hold a job, nities slip by. how to apply for work. They de- cide what they want to teach and 3. Make it discussional. Ex- then they "say it in pictures:" change of ideas and ideals is un- Why do young people go to picture doubtedly one of the most fruitful shows? Because they like to get of exchanges. We exchange much ideas that way! Make your mis- these days. "You have a dollar, I sionary program pictorial. have a dollar; we exchange. Now

you have my dollar, I have your a young people's missionary buddollar; we're no better off. But- get, "and I have a chance to vote you have an idea, I have an idea; on our missionary budget. I know we exchange. Now you have two what we have to raise and it makes ideas, I have two ideas; that's the me want to give more when I'm on difference!" Very little needs to be the inside like that." It is being said today as to the value of the "on the inside" that makes all the discussional method. It has proved difference in the world to young itself. Most of our mission study people. Taking them in on the books employ it. Probably our planning of the year's missionary reason for using this method so program, the discussion of finanlittle in our missionary programs ces, will enlist their understanding is because of our lack of trained and support as nothing else will. discussion leaders. It is not only One of the most outstanding a natural means of expression for characteristics of youth is their young people but it is stimulat- response to a big challenge and a ing and they like it. "This is the big trust. best hour of the day," said a young delegate at a recent summer con- 5. Make it recreational. Listen ference as she approached the to a group of kindergarten children auditorium for the discussion hour. as they play their singing games. Held after three continuous peri- They sing about the cows in the ods of class work, it still drew pasture and the foaming white practically the entire conference. milk and the rosy cheeks that come "We talked far into the night try- from drinking the milk. While ing to discover how we can get a they are having fun playing a line on what young people are game they are learning an importhinking and doing in other coun- tant fact of health. Drinking milk tries," said a member of the To- is made attractive to them because ronto Youth Council. But who it is associated with something would dare hold an evening meet- they like very much to do. Not ing with the usual speaking pro- only important facts but qualities gram beyond a certain hour! Give of character, such as good sportsyouth a chance to talk about real manship, courage, frankness, are things, together, and with wise learned every day in the playing of games-from the kindergarten leadership. child up to the college athlete. Why not use the play method more 4. Make it a partnership. So largely in giving facts on missions often we plan for and not with our and creating fair attitudes toward youth. We wonder why they don't people of other lands and races? carry more responsibility when we Young people will work out such don't offer it to them. Check up games for themselves if they are on your church. What does it ex- guided a bit by an enthusiastic pect of its youth? Big things? leader. Edna Geister's method, Responsible things? Or are they used to promote wholesome enterasked to wait on table, give a play, tainment for the soldiers in army usher at special events, speak once camps during the World War, is a year after conference. "I'm a one we could well employ, taking member .of our Consistory," ex- the old familiar children's games and adapting them in theme and plained a boy proudly to a group of his friends who were discussing

YOUTH AND MISSIONS

action to suit the occasion. At a what is already in your minds but recent Young People's Conference more than half forgotten. Here's a the class in recreational activities game that helps keep your education was asked to spend part of its class alive. Learn to play it!

time in working out missionary Not only does such a game keep garnes, and the result is eight very your education alive but it gives a interesting gam e s, instructive, very good background for further stimulating,-and much fun be- study and it is easy to take the sides. Burton Holmes suggests next step into the missionary side this idea of learning by playing in of the picture. It is a simple tranan article called "The Most Stim- sition to make when the mind is ulating Pastime I know." refreshed and open and active. Let I wonder how many people ever us re-create the mission field with try it, this game Iso often play by our youth.

myself, the most stimulating pastime 6. Make it musical. The man I know! The rules of the game are who said: "I care not who shall simple. All you need is an atlas or make the laws of a nation if I may globe, and imagination. If you use an be permitted to make its songs," atlas, just open at random. If a globe, spoke wisely. A true song comes twirl it and iet it stop where it will. from the heart and goes to the Who can say where you will find your- self? heart. The words we sing, if we The atlas opens, say, at India. Or mean them, enter the heart and when the globe stops, your finger is on gradually produce action. It Baghdad. That famous carpet! If you makes a great deal of difference could ride the carpet now, where would you go? what we sing and a great deal of difference whether we sing. The Paris, of course! Tum the globe development of music is one of the again, or find the place in the atlas. most interesting trends of the past Now you've caught the spirit of the few years. So much is being done game. Why, you're actually there! in group singing. The idea is not You can see the Place de la Concorde, new; it is a revival of ancient the Seine, Notre Dame. And while your mind is on cathedrals, where are peoples. The Greeks used music Chartres, Rheims? You find them and in their educational system, de- on the way to Cologne you stop at fining different effects on people of Brussels, thence to the Netherlands, different kinds of music. windmills and dykes. In the march of civilization it Suddenly you remember the boy has been somewhat lost sight of, who stopped the leak with his finger. Hans Brinker, too. How old were you but now it is returning in aU of when you read those stories? There's its forms and cannot be ignored. the Rhine. Remember Bingen-on-the- The public is deluged with music Rhine, the rats and the Bishop? of varying degrees of worth; some of us have absorbed the beautiful, So the game goes. The best part of some the unbeautiful. All of us it all is that it is never twice the have been touched by it. Edusame. A real game of chance, for cators, conscious of its influence, chance alone decides where you will are working today to control it and start, where you will end up. A profitable game, too. You learn conserve its great worth. They geography by the most painless of all are starting with children and methods. What makes it most stimu- young people. Shall the mission- lating, is that it evokes so much of ary forces not fall in line and make

real use of this powerful agent for horhood where the children need to unifying a group, for stimulating learn to understand and love their to action, for concentrating atten- little classmates from many lands, tion on an idea? We could so well this is the type of songs they often use its interpretive power. A song sing: well chosen re-enforces ideas and ideals in a very forceful way and Katrina came to our school, in an incidental way. When we She sat right next to me, sing a thing often enough we may come to believe it and practise it. She used to live in Amsterdam World friendship and brotherhood Beside the Zuyder Zeeand goodwill must be deep in the hearts of young people who sing Her cheeks were pink as cherry bloom, over and over again Her lips ten times as red; In Christ there is no East nor West But none of us could understand In Him no South nor North; A word Katrina said.

But one great fellowship of love She always comes to school on time, Throughout the whole wide earth. Her dress is just as neat, I'm sure I'm twice as careful Since Katrina shares my seat.

In Him shail true hearts everywhere It makes me have some new, new Their high communion find; thoughts, His service is the golden cord Some kindlier thoughts to know, Close binding all mankind. That though I cannot speak to her Join hands then, brothers of the faith, I love Katrina so. Whate'er your race may be. Stella George Stein; Who serves my Father as a son Is surely kin to me. Music by W. E. Hoefche.

In Christ now meet both East and An editorial writer in one of our West, large dailies makes a statement that leaders of youth might well In Him meet South and North; ponder. He says the future of All Christly souls are one in Him America is in the hands of two men, or women-the investigator Throughout the whole wide earth. and the interpreter. We have, he continues, an ample supply of in- or vestigators, those who are engaged in research and writing and inven- Join now in brotherhood, spreading tions and new discoveries. But he the Gospel raises a recruiting trumpet for the interpreters, those who will stand That warfare and discord may cease between the layman whose knowl- Let us in humble devotion march for- edge of all things is indefinite and the investigator whose knowledge ward of one thing is authoritative. The And follow our Christ, Prince of investigator, he says, advances knowledge; the interpreter ad- peace. vances progress. Here we stand, leaders of youth; on the one hand There is little enough singing the "world is so full of a number time in our programs and so often of things"-new discoveries, methwe use it by saying: "let's sing a ods, interesting and werth-while hymn," and one is selected on the spur of the moment. Preparation and thought given to the musical part of our meetings will bring almost unbelievable results. The schools know it. In a certain observation school in a foreign neigh-

NEGROES HONORED FOR DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS

things to see and do and hear and question of interpreting youth to use. Picture the missionary labora- adult, of interpreting adult to tory that we are, or could be, in youth, often of interpreting the old touch with-our mission fields, and permanent values in terms of study courses, news sheets, leaflets, new ones, sometimes of interpretwriters, speakers, pictures, books. ing new values to those who look On the other hand there are many, upon them as wild and impossible. many groups and even more indi- It is a question of discovering the viduals in our churches who are real interests and needs of youth starving for things to do, worth- today and building on those, knowwhile enterprises, richer and fuller ing that "each new generation Christian lives. To the degree that must and will be served according we can be adequate interpreters to its own needs." the one to the other, to the degree that we can take the knowledge of And all through our task we missionary needs and world events would remember the great central and issues and translate them into truth that each new generation in the language and activities of our its highest moments faces: youth today, to that degree shall we be fulfilling our task. If we would build anew And build to .stay It is a many-sided task. It is a We must find God again And go His way.

NEGROES HONORED FOR DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS"

T HE biennial award in recog- by the Federal Council were made nition of constructive service in the fields of education, science, for better race relations, of- business, literature, music, fine fered by the Harmon Foundation, arts and religious service. with the cooperation of the Commission on Race Relations of the In the field of education the Federal Council of ChUrches, has awards went to John Hope, Presibeen accorded to Robert R. Moton, dent of Atlanta University; W. J. Principal of Tuskegee Institute. Hale, President of the State Agri- Dr. Moton is the first colored man cultural and Industrial College for to receive this distinction. His Negroes in Nashville, Tenn., and latest contribution to the cause of Janie Porter Barrett, Superintendbetter racial understanding is his ent of the Virginia Industrial book, "What the Negro Thinks." School at Peak's Turnout, Va. The award in race relations consists of a gold medal and one thou- Religious Leaders Recognized sand dollars. The last award went to Rev. Will W. Alexander, of At- In the field of religious service, lanta, Executive Secretary of the the awards were conferred upon Commission on Interracial Coop- Bishop Robert E. Jones, of New eration. Orleans, La., a bishop of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church and found- Other awards offered by the Har- er of the Gulf Side Chautauqua mon Foundation and administered and Assembly, which serves a dis- trict of more than four million • Federal Oouncil Bulletin. Negro people; and to A. Clayton

Powell, pastor of the Abyssinian ing about one-tenth of our popula- Baptist Church, New York, which tion, has great potential power of has recently built and paid for a contributing to the material and new edifice at a cost of nearly spiritual culture of our common $400,000. life. The general public, however, In science the award was given has known little or nothing about to Theodore K. Lawless, of Chi- the matter except possibly the con- cago, for his studies in dermatol- tribution of folk music.

ogy. The range of these contributions Walter White, Assistant Secre- as shown by the accomplishments tary of the National Association in the fields in which these recip- for the Advancement of Colored ients of the Harmon awards have People, was given an award in lit- been accorded recognition is illu- erature for his two novels, "The minating, sufficiently so to surprise Fire in the Flint" and "Flight." their friends and confuse the In· the field of music, Harry T. scornful. In four years the roster Burleigh, the soloist at St. George's of those given awards for achieve- Episcopal Church, New York, well- ment in the seven major fields of known for his arrangements of human endeavor furnishes evi- Negro spirituals, and Harry Law- dence of productive power that will rence Freeman, the composer of stand the scrutiny of the most crit- the first Negro grand opera, were ical. In music, in literature, in given the chief awar·ds. Another fine arts, in science, in education, award in this field was given to in religious service and in business Carl Rossini Diton of New York, 55 awards were conferred upon a student now on a scholarship distinguished Negro Americans.

from the Juilliard Foundation. In addition, this year a Negro has Awards in Field of Art been given a gold medal and an honorarium of one thousand dol- The awards for achievement in lars for outstanding achievement fine arts went to William H. J ohn- in improving relations between son, of Florence, S. C., in recogni- white and colored people in Amer- tion of his portraits and land- ica, the first time such a distincscapes; to Albert Alexander Smith, tion has ever been accorded to a of Manhasset, N. Y., and to Sar- colored person.

gent Johnson of Berkeley, Cal. In estimating the significance of For special service in the field of these achievements one should bear business, awards were given to in mind that the recipients of the Truman K. Gibson of Chicago, a awards have overcome barriers of pioneer in developing Negro insur- poverty, ignorance, previous con- ance organizations, and to John dition of servitude and unreason- Charles Claybrook, of Proctor, ing prejudice such as no other Ark., who, although he has never element of our American popula- attended school, has successfully tion has faced. Viewed in relation developed a plantation of 1,780 to the depths from which they acres, together with an important came, the heights to which they lumber business. have climbed take on an extraor- A few well-informed people have dinary impressiveness.

known for some years that the These distinguished Americans Negro group of citizens, compris- who have received such recognition

i930] NEGROES HONORED FOR DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS

from their white and colored fel- may think in the back of his head, he low-citizens are only the advance turns to the world a smiling face, and in spite of itself the world, when it guard of larger possibilities, of turns to look, is captivated by that greater achievement of larger num- smile; when it stops to listen, Is bers in the future. These achieve- thrilled by that song. And all the ments over so wide a range and of while he presses steadily onward . . . such a quality should encourage all determined to let no man, no movethose who in the darker days of ment, drag him down so low as to the past have believed in the human make him hate his fellow-man. possibilities of these people and should stimulate many today to. American Negroes should be hold out brotherly hands of encour- proud of the sane, eloquent teacher agement. Especially should the churches be gratified; some of the who wrote those lines.* Spingarn Medal to Another Negrot men and women who have been A Southern educator, Prof.

recognized by these awards re- Henry A. Hunt, Principal of the ceived practically their entire High and Industrial School of Fort training in some of the schools and Valley, Georgia, received the Spin- colleges supported by the churches, garn Medal, awarded annually to and some of the Negro educators an American Negro for distin- who have achieved distinction are guished achievement in some field carrying forward the work begun of human endeavor. The award by the missionary teachers of a was in recognition of "twenty-five generation ago. years of modest, faithful, unselfish As the Negro population shifts and devoted service in the educa- to urban centers and as conditions tion of the Negroes of rural Geor- change in both town and country, gia and to the teaching profession more and more there is need for in that state." The presentation greater emphasis by the churches was made by President W. A. Neil- upon equality of opportunity irre- son of Smith College. Among pre- spective of race or color. With vious recipients of the medal have the barrier broken down we may been Roland Hayes, the singer, Dr.

expect larger contributions from George W. Carver and Dr. E. E.

Negroes in all the other fields of Just, internationally known scien- our varied culture and civilization. tists ; President Mordecai J ohn- "What the Negro Thinks" son, of Howard University, and a number of literary men who have This book by Dr. Robert Russa attained distinction.

Moton has been awarded a prize of Guggenheim Memorial Awards $1,000 as the most noteworthy contribution to interracial cooperation Included in the announcement of during the past year. The princi- the John Simon Guggenheim Me- morial Foundation of this year's pal of Tuskegee wrote: In the midst of all this the Negro awards of more than $200,000 in thrives. Segregation, disfranchise- fellowships to eighty-five scholars, ment, prejudice, injustice, lawlessness 'novelists, poets, composers, sculp- -in spite of them he prospers. Above tors, and painters who will go it all his voice rises singing, and the abroad to do creative work and renote of his joy has become the symbol search, are the names of one Negro of our modern America. Whatever • New Yar10 T£me8. he hides in his heart, whatever he t American Frien(l.

novelist and one Negro scholar. year high schools for Negro youth The novelist is Nella Larsen Imes, in the fourteen Southern States who is the author of "Quicksand" and 592 two-to-four-year non-acand "Passing." The scholar who credited high schools. Notwithwill receive an award in order to standing this progress there are devote time to an economic study still 281 counties in these states is Dr. Charles Wesley, professor of without any colored high school history at Howard University. either public or private.

Striking Facts About Negroes* Negro Death Rate Cutt 1. Of the' estimated population Instead of dying out, the Negro of 117,000,000 in the United States race in America is steadily growtoday about 12,000,000 or approxi- ing more healthy and its life span mately one-tenth are Negroes. is increasing, according to a state- 2. Eighty-five per cent of the ment by the Commission on Inter- Negro population of the nation is racial Cooperation. in the Southern States and sixty- Basing its conclusions on figures six per cent is rural, that is, lives issued by the United States Public on farms and in villages below Health Service and the Statistical 2,500. . Department of the Metropolitan 3. In 1926 American Negroes Life Insurance Company, the assooperated 1,000,000 farms; con- ciation said that in the past sixty ducted 70,000 business enterprises; years the Negro mortality rate has and had $2,000,000,000 in accumu- decreased 50 per cent or more, the lated wealth. present rate being 17 per 1,000, as 4. About twenty-three per cent. against 34 or 40 in reconstruction of the Negro population is illiterate days. as compared with four per cent of The present life span of Nethe white popUlation. Negroes groes, it was said, is about 46 have made remarkable progress in years, a five-year gain in the last this respect, however, dropping decade. from ninety per cent illiteracy to twenty-three per cent in the sixty- The Negro death rate, however, five years since emancipation. is still 87 per cent higher in cities and 49 per cent higher in rural 5. For the U. S. as a whole the communities than is the white. expenditure per capita for Negro schools averages less than one- ChicagoNegro Congregations fourth of that for white schools. Chicago has 278 Negro congre- Here the figures range from $23 in gations, a fact disclosed by the re- Maryland to $4 and $5 in extreme cent survey of colored churches. Southern states as contrasted with These comprise twenty-seven dea national average of $75 for white nominations. The largest Negro rural children and $129 for white congregation is Olivet Baptist urban children. Church, which has 9,700 members. The pastor is the Rev. L. K. Wil- 6. In 1916 there were only forty- liams, D.D., who is said to have four high schools for Negroes in contributed more to the welfare of the whole country. By 1925-26 the colored people in Chicago than there were 209 accredited four- • Printed by Teachers College, Columbia Uni. any other Negro. versity, in a program of lectures on Negro Education and Race Relations, 1930. t Nr.w Y(wT" Times.

MISSIONS CONGRESS OF

LEADERS BY DR. CHARLES STELZLE, New York W ITH an address by Presi- special or expert contributions, the dent Hoover as one of the conclusions of which are to be re- main features of the Con- ported to the main body for furgress, 500 delegates officially repre- ther consideration and final action. senting the combined Protestant Each group will have a chairman, home missionary agencies in the secretary and counselor, these con- United States, under the auspices stituting a Committee of Findings, of the Home Mission Council, will which will bring in its report on be in session in Washington for the last day of the Congress. five days, beginning December first, to discover the home mission In addition to the members of task in the light of the changes of the Congress, experts in various recent years; to face up squarely, fields who are familiar with the frankly, and adventurously to the problems confronting the churches question of home mission adminis- in home mission fields today, such tration; to find out how to get the as historians, business administracause of home missions before the tors, educators, and economists, churches in such a way as to secure will be brought into the Congress a reaction in life, money and serv- to assist the Commissions in the ice for carrying out the program of studies that are being made. home missions, and to discover how the denominations may get closer The official delegates to the Contogether for the accomplishment gress have been appointed by the of this purpose. home missionary bodies connected with the Home Missions Councils, Three commissions of experts in and in addition to these 500 memtheir special fields have been at bers, about 300 associate delegates work for over a year, covering the will be appointed, the later partic- Task and Administration of Home ipating in discussions but having Missions; The Promotion of Home no vote. Besides these delegates, a Missions; Cooperation in Home considerable number of leaders in Missions. The reports of these the churches connected with mis- Commissions are presented in a sionary and federated work, will data book which has been sent to become participants in the proceedthe members of the Congress in ad- ings. vance of the Washington meetings, so that they will have ample time The Washington City Federato study the factual material which tion of Churches will act as the 10is to be considered. cal committee of arrangements, although all information concern- Twelve round table discussions ing the Congress itself is furnished will be conducted, each group to be from the headquarters' office of the in session for twelve hours. The Home Missions Council, 105 East members of the Congress will be 22d Street, New York City. definitely assigned to the particular round table to which they can make Dr. William R. King, Executive Secretary of the Council, has given nearly two years to the work of 3 833

planning the details of this im- the cities of our country. This Comportant Congress, meeting with mission will also make a scientific various committees and Commis- ·study of the organizational aspects of sions and building up a program home mission work to discover what which, it is presumed, will present changes, if any, are needed in the the cause of home missions in a machinery now being used and what more statesmanlike manner than improvements might be made in dihas yet been presented in the his- recting the church's work throughout tory of the church in this country. America. The relation of national The data book was prepared by home mission boards to State and Dr. Hermann N. Morse, and will regional organizations, of staff organicontain, besides the reports of the zation, of separate Women's Boards, Commissions, valuable information and the size and method of repreon VariOl'lS aspects of home mis- sentation on these boards will be anasions, serving as a reference book lyzed; the cost of overhead and adduring the sessions of the Con- ministrating the funds of the church gress. The results of state-wide in mission fields; the granting of aiel surveys directed by Dr. Morse, will to denominational churches in fields also be brought to the attention of in which other churches are already the delegates, and a home mission at work, and the values of certain exhibit will be prepared by a com- forms of missionary work now being mittee especially appointed to this done by the churches will be con- sidered by this Commission. task. The Congress will be brought to The Commission on promoting Home Missions will restudy the whole a climax with a Communion service question of general promotion and at noon on Friday, December 5th. educating the public with a view of enlisting more fully the entire Church In announcing the purpose of in the work of home missions, and the Congress, Dr. King points out will deal with such subjects as the cothat, whereas in former days home operation of the secular press, church missions meant merely aiding weak periodicals, the use of pamphlet litchurches on the frontier, today the erature, the motion picture, exhibits, home mission task has shifted from the radio, dramatics, and the entire one of geography to one of prob- field of educational and inspirational lems, and that the growth of the work among young people in the city, the changed conditions in the churches, in colleges and theological country, the development of indus- seminaries. try, increased wealth and modes of living, present entirely new prob- The Commission on Cooperation in lems to the church, which must be Home Missions will emphasize the dealt with in a statesmanlike man- need for comity and cooperation, and ner. Dr. King further says: will point out the value of joint super- vision of certain types of work by all The Commission on the Task and of the churches, the joint use of ex- Administration of Home Mis·sions will perts in technical fields, and the comtherefore make an analysis of the work mon use of publicity methods upon an of the various Home Mission Boards interdenominational basis. It will aland indicate what needs to be done by so indicate what may be done on a co- American churches in the light of operative basis at summer assemblies, these changed conditions. It will show in local parishes, particularly in the the waste of overlapping agencies rural field, in Indiana Government and the peril of overlooking certain schools, in the downtown centers of fields and problems, particularly in large cities, in work among im- migrants and migrants, through the Chaplains in the Army and Navy.

CONGREGATIONALISM

BOURNEMOUTH I HAVE been going to conven- the British Isles. I do nut believe tions at the rate of about one they are any more sincere than we per month for nearly forty are in America. But one could years. As a matter of fact, I think not fail to be impressed with this I approached Bournemouth rather contrast. I have a very clear imsaying to myself: "Well, it is one pression that in part this is made more convention." true by the fact that the Noncon- But it is gratifying to say that formist churches of the British Bournemouth was different. It Isles are having to pay a little had unmistakable values. In my dearer price for their lioerty than judgment its influence will abide is true of us Congregationalists in for many years in the life of the Congregational churches through- the United States. There is not very much of what might be called out the world. "real sacrifice" in our American In the first place it accented an churches. As a matter of fact, it unhesitating, profound conviction is rather popular now to be a in the realities of our religion, and member of one of our churches in in that broad interpretation which an affluent location. But that is is characteristic of the Congrega- not so true, generally speaking, in tional churches. Frequent refer- the British Isles. ences were made to those attempts All the way through a tremenin different parts of the world to dous contribution was being made develop a kind of humanitarian, to the c a use of international altruistic type of civilization, with- goodwill, peace and brotherhood out a belief in the existence of throughout the world. This was God. No delegate could have any evident not only in the specific ad- doubt concerning the depths of the dresses delivered upon this direct evangelical purpose of the Con- theme, but like a sort of a golden gregational churches as he sat refrain it went through everythrough the sessions. But as the thing. program developed, there could be I do not remember any conven- no doubt about the comprehen- tion in many years from which I siveness of the program of our came away with a more genuine churches throughout the world. sense of thanksgiving to God for Upon the question .of temperance having had the privilege of being and our attitude upon the organ- a delegate than the one in Bourneized liquor traffic, upon unemploy- mouth.-Fred B. Smith, in the ment, economic problems, unity Congregationalist.

and world peace, there was a ring- ing declaration. Nearly ull the social problems of hu- I think I may suggest that upon manity nnd the imperative lH'Ct1::::1 of the world which we see with Yflryillg IH'l'- the American delegates particu- spective ,yill only be flolvcd whell peolarly a very profound impression ple arc converted to the juy of giving was made concerning the deep which Christ taught-the giving of life spiritual emphasis given by the and that which represents life-wealth. speakers and the delegates from -0. A. Hyde.

835

AGREEMENTS ARE

TO CHURCH UNION?

The question of church union is to dent Soper of Ohio Wesleyan Unithe fore both at home and abroad. versity, Delaware, Ohio; President Missionaries in all the large foreign George W. Richards of the Theological fields and home missionary workers in Seminary of the Reformed Church in the U. S., Lancaster, Pa.; and Prothe United States and Canada are fac- fessor William Adams Brown of Union ing it as a matter directly affecting Theological Seminary, New York. their work. Many Christians, who They have kindly complied with our have the cause of unity sincerely at request to give THE REVIEW abstracts heart, are perplexed by questions as of their addresses, and we publish them herewith, sure of the interest of to the extent to which agreements on our readers in these important statechurch government, doctrinal stand- ments regarding a subject that is ards and the sacraments are necessary prominent in the thought of Christian prerequisites to union. At the con- workers everywhere at this time.- ference on Church Union, at Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania, in June, these EDITOR. questions were discussed by three broadly representative men-Presi- IS AGREEMENT ON CHURCH ORGANIZA- TION NECESSARY?

BY THE REV. EDMUND D. SOPER, D.D., LL.D.

I REMEMBER reading in one of Church shall be united and shall Dr. R. A. Hume's books that feel itself to be one, we shall be he sometimes called himself an Episcopresbygationalists. The r e Episcopresbygationalist. As a mis- are values in each of these forms sionary in India he had all sorts of organization which cannot be of functions to perform as he dealt discarded without loss. They must with the problems of the Indian all find their appropriate place in Church and attempted to lead the Church that is to be. these young Christians in organizing a form of government which The question I have been asked would be both efficient and adapt- to discuss divides itself into two parts. There is the question of able. Sometimes it was necessary government as a means of adminfor him to take things into his own istrative efficiency. It is what Dr. hands; then he was an Episcopos, Hume was trying to work out a ruler of the Church. When he among his churches in India. It called the older men together and may be the Episcopal, or the Pres- reached a conclusion with them, he byterial, or the Congregational was a Presbyterian. At other form, or it may be a combination times he would summon the whole of any two or of all three. The congregation and put the question question involved is simply that of at issue to vote; he was then a securing the best results, of re- Congregationalist. I have no doubt leasing the greatest amount of that in the end, when the Christian Christian energy without friction.

836

IS AGREEMENT ON CHURCH ORGANIZATION NECESSARY

We want the impact of our work deeply. With him, the episcopacy to be unhampered by machinery is a life and death matter. With- which clogs and prevents the de- out it there can be no adequate livery of a blow which shall have provision for the continuance of all the available strength of the the Church as the bearer of the Church back of it. It is in the grace of God to needy men down end a question of efficiency applied through the ages. This grace is to the work of the Christian conveyed through the sacraments, Church. and a sacrament is efficacious only In this conference, at which no when it is celebrated by one who Greek or Roman Catholics are has been ordained by a bishop, present and only one or two Epis- who is in the apostolic succession copalians, the problem of organi- unbroken since the time of Christ zation as it affects Church Unity Himself. To one with such a con- is a purely practical one. There viction there can be changes in the is sentiment tied up with the ques- form of church organization pro- tion of course, but it does not reach vided one feature remains un- down into our convictions concern- changed, namely, an episcopacy ing the essentials of the Christian which assures the validity of the faith. The problem of the exist- sacraments on which our contact ence of the Church, the validity of with God depends.

the ministry and the efficacy of the It is easy to see that organiza- sacraments do not figure in the tion so far as its administrative discussions we shall have here on features are concerned is subject the question of church organiza- to the pragmatic test. That form tion. But it is far different when of organization will finally prevail we are considering "Christian Re- in any country which has met the union in Ecumenical Light," as test of use. If it works well, it Dr. F. J. Hall puts it in his recent has recommended itself by that volume. When we take into con- fact, and there is not much more sideration all Christians every- to be said about it. This is all the where, the whole matter presents more evident since the publication itself from other and very signifi- by Dr. B. H. Streeter of his volume cant angles. on "The Primitive Church," in Then it is not merely the prac- which he shows that in the earliest tical question of administration day, that is in the first century but the deeper question of the very and for some decades in the sec- meaning of the Church and Chris- ond, there was no one form of tianity itself. Men of wide vision organization in all parts of the among Anglicans see quite as well Christian world which could call as we do, that church organization itself the standard by which the as such is a secondary matter; others should be tested. This that changes may take place in the study and others along the same course of the centuries; that one line no longer allow any group of form of organization may exist in Christians to declare with confi- one country and another else- dence that its particular form of where. Church organization must organization is apostolic and hence be adaptable-everyone sees that. authoritative and binding on all All this, however, does not touch others.

the problem the Anglican feels so So far as church history has

arrived at any verdict, it would been the cause of some of the sepseem to be that forms of organiza- arations which have taken place. tion have had little to do with unity or disunity among Chris- One must look elsewhere to get tians. A very close form of or- at the secret of unity and disunity. ganization, that of the monarchical I can only hint at certain answers episcopacy heading up in one which might be developed at bishop who gradually assumed an length. There is pride, based on authoritative position over all, did long established traditions and a not prevent the separation of east sense of social superiority. There and west. The Greek Church pos- is a puritanism in one denomisesses real unity today even though nation which causes it to look it is divided into about sixteen askance at others which are not different churches. One metro- so strict. There are jealous and politan or archbishop is sometimes unfortunate episodes in the past very jealous of another and fails which form almost insuperable to act in harmony with other barriers to genuine unity. All leaders of the Greek Church. The these must be taken into account. Baptists of the world have a very They will be found to be more real unity though each congrega- sinister in their separative tendtion is altogether independent of encies than forms of organizaevery other so far as ecclesiastical tion; except of course when, as authority is concerned. The close already stated, the episcopacy is organization of the Methodists in lool{ed upon as essential to the England and America has not pre- existence of the Church and hence vented divisions. It has in fact becomes a real barrier to those who cannot accept such claims.

IS AGREEMENT ON DOCTRINE NECESSARY?

BY THE REV. GEORGE W. RICHARDS, D.D., LL.D.

T HE answer to this question the light of the character of the must be given not merely by original Church as well as of the one man in an address or by a doctrinal standards of the various group of men in council, but by the churches at the present time. In officers and members of the its beginning, the Church was a churches that are uniting. I make fellowship of men and women this point because I have dis- united by the spirit of Christ in covered in my experience in church faith, hope, and love. It was the union .for the last twenty-five protoplasmic stage of the Church years that committees on union in which there were divine facts may agree upon a basis of union, and human experiences without but that when it is submitted to formulated doctrinal standards. the churches for final disposition, The future form of these standit is declared unsatisfactory. The ards was determined largely by the decisions of matters relating to genius of race and nation, the relaunion are with the churches as tive degree of culture of the peothey now are, and not as they were ple, and the character of the or ought to be. leaders of the Church.· The answer must be found in Doctrinal statements may differ

IS AGREEMENT ON THE SACRAMENTS NECESSARY?

widely in content and form, or in the preparation of a doctrinal they may vary in form and yet in basis for union. substance be the same. This may indicate that in negotiations for For this reason, various standchurch union, in an age wholly dif- ards have been submitted as a ferent from that of the early basis among the churches. The Church and of the Reformation, it foremost proposals are the followis possible to formulate a common ing: 1. The Nicene and the Aposstatement of doctrine that will be tles' Creed, one or both; 2. The briefer and more simple than the Bible as the rule of faith and praccreeds and confessions of the tice without an authoritative interchurches, and yet conserve the doc- pretation in confessional form; trines necessary for the being of 3. Recognition of the confessions the Church. The essential facts of the uniting churches as equivaof the Christian faith may be ex- lent; 4. A brief summary of faith pressed in language of our time in modern terms, usually based on and be true both to the revelation the Trinitarian formula; 5. The of God in Christ and to the ex- Jesus' way of life which puts the perience of Christians of different emphasis on conduct rather than churches in this age. on creed; 6. Jesus Christ as Sav- iour and Lord. The differences in the doctrines of the churches of the Reformation The most dynamic and inclusive were the result of causes and con- basis seems to be the sixth-Jesus ditions that no longer are opera- Christ as Saviour and Lord. It tive; yet the doctrinal standards implies a personal experience of then produced are still authorita- the Saviourh()(ld and Lordship of tive. The founders and fathers of Christ. It has in it the substance the churches regarded them as of the Nicene Creed, and yet it does having the authority of Christ and not bind one to its phraseology. It of the apostles, that is, divine excludes on the one hand all forms authority. On that account, the of humanism affirming the sufficontemporary churches have doc- ciency of man for his own salvation, trinal statements by inheritance and denies on the other, by impliwhich include far more than was cation, the adequacy of any other contained in the original fellow- religion of the past or present. It ship of the apostles or than is now is comprehensive enough to include held to be required by Christian Catholics and Protestants. If that revelation and Christian exper- be not desirable, it will embrace ience. One must keep this in mind all the evangelical Protestant churches.

IS AGREEMENT ON THE SACRAMENTS NECESSARY?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN, D.D., LL.D.

W RILE less prominent in the tance for the movement for church thought of contemporary unity, since it is at this point that Protestants, the question as the difference between the Protto the place and nature of the estant and the Catholic point of sacraments is of crucial impor- view comes to clearest expression.

At no point are understanding, and presence. He does not appreciate the sympathy which is the key to that one reason why the Catholic understanding, more needed; for is unwilling to admit the practice on both sides there are misconcep- of unlimited intercommunion is tions which are a serious obstacle not because he wishes to discrimto unity. inate between his own people and other Christians, but because he Let us take, for example, the does not wish to break down the central sacrament of the Lord's standard of preparation. Supper. On the Catholic side, the misconception has to do with the What is needed is a sympathetic Protestant view of the nature of study of, the position of Protes- Christ's presence in the sacrament. tants by Catholics, and vice versa; Protestants believe that presence and, what is even more important, to be a spiritual presence, but a mutual participation in the pracnot on that account less real. In- tice of each by the other. deed it was their sense of the solemnity of the sacrament and The latter is rendered difficult the momentous issues involved in by the association of sacramental partaking of it which led to the grace with a view of the ministry Protestant, custom of infrequent which makes a ministry episcocelebration. Catholics not unnat- pally ordained the necessary conurally regard this as meaning dition of the performance of a that Protestants attribute com- valid sacrament. So long as paratively little importance to the Christ's presence in the sacrament sacrament and therefore fail to is made dependent on the presence feel at home in Protestant worship. of a priest who has been episcopal- Too often they miss the note of ly ordained it would seem as if we reverence with which they them- were in the presence of an inselves are accustomed to approach superable obstacle. the altar, and the conviction that only one who has prepared himself Yet even here there are signs of by discipline is spiritually fit to hope. Many Catholics, not only of the Anglican but of the Eoman partake. Church, admit that, although the The Protestant, on his part, re- Protestant ministry is not from their point of view a valid mingards the Catholic view of Christ's istry, it may be an efficacious minpresence in the elements as involv- istry, and this not only of the ing a magical view of the relation word but of the sacraments. If of God and man, which he regards this be true, it would seem as if as superstitious. He fails to un- one great obstacle to a better understand the psychological reason derstanding could be removed by which underlies the ex opere oper- the recognition by Episcopal bodies, ato theory of the sacrament and like the Lambeth Conference, of makes it subjectively efficacious to occasional intercommunion. those who use it as a means of spiritual discipline. To him the In the meantime, we who are custom of reservation seems a denial of Christ's spiritual pres- Protestants should rethink the ence with his people everywhere, and so he misses the help which the whole subject of the sacraments, physical symbol brings to the Cath- and where our practice has fallen olic in helping him to realize that below our theory, we should re- cover the spiritual help and power they are fitted to supply.

OF THE

The Church and the Masses Roman Catholic, is chiefly of the work- ing class. A committee of the Church Some oft repeated statements come Federation of Chicago, a few years to be widely accepted without reflec- ago, made inquiries which revealed the tion as to their accuracy. Among the fact that 67 per cent of the male mem- most common of these is the statement bers of the Protestant churches in that the masses are drifting away that city were wage earners and that from the Church. Well, when have they formed 60 per cent of the person- they ever drifted toward it? When nel of the official boards of the has the world ever been in the churches.

Church? We have heard Christians, It is unhappily true that multitudes who ought to know better, use the are outside of the churches and that words in Mark 12: 37-"the common there are disconcerting facts in the people heard him gladly"-as if in the present religious situation. But we days of our Lord the masses of the do not believe that the proportiun of people were with Him. But the the so-called "common people" who record shows that some were after the are hostile to the churches is any more loaves and fishes; that others were marked now than in former genera- drawn by curiosity; still others by the tions. The Institute of Social and Re- report that he was to liberate them ligious Research has recently pub- from Roman rule and restore the king- lished a volume by Dr. C. Luther Fry, dom to Israel; that even "many of entitled "The U. S. Looks at Its his disciples," when He plainly told Churches," in which he proves in a them His mission, "went back and comparison of the Government's walked no more with him" (John 6: official census reports for 1906, 1916 66); and that the fickle people who and 1926, that church membership in welcomed Him with palms to Jeru- the United States is increasing at the salem were not in evidence when the same rate as the adult population of throng around Pilot's judgment seat the country. That high authority on yelled "Crucify him." church statistics, Dr. H. K. Carroll, Who are the masses today anyhow? after listing the latest available re- If a working man and his family at- turns from all the churches in the tend church, they are not considered United States, writes in The Christian as belonging to the masses; but if Herald: they stay away from it, they are called One thing stands out unmistakably, "the masses." As a matter of fact, the Church is not dying, as some cynics while the membership of some denom- would have us believe. And if it is losinations is largely of the bus m. ess andiningg iitns thhoelsde osntatthisetipcesoptole,shthowereiti.s nDouthr– professional classes, a high proportion ing a year when business receded, when of the members of the four largest many publications lost circulatio~,. when Protestant denominations, which to- the membership of hundreds of CIvil and gether represent a majority of the wsoocuialdl hoargvaenbizeaetnioanns adcrhoipepveedmennottafbolry,thiet Christians in the United States, is religious bodies merely to hold their own. composed of people who, being of the But they have done better-they have average American type, may fairly be gained, made one of the most remarkable called of "the ma>sses," while the mem- dgoaayinss,beafollreththinegGs recaotnsWidaerr.ed,Wsiitnhcae ftehwe bership of the largest single body, the exceptions, the worst that can be said 841

is that some denominations report a fall- organized girls' school. She and Mr. ing off as compared with the year before. Hawkes were married the following year. They worked together for thirty- A. J. B. five years until her death from typhus fever in 1919. Veterans of Fifty Years Mr. Hawkes has become one of the out- We would like to join the relatives, standing scholars of the Persian lanfriends and supporter·s concerned in guage and in 1912 assisted in the revision honoring the services of missionaries of the translation of the Persian Bible. who have served fifty or more years. Since then he has been in charge of a Their number is comparatively small second edition which is now on the press. and every year some of them "cross In addition to these achievements, Mr. the River" to meet the Lord whom Hawkes has contributed much to the edu- cational advancement of Persia.

they have so long and so faithfully Can a Religious Periodical Pay served. The Editor will be grateful if those who know of such mission- Its 'Vay ?

aries will send brief articles about Twenty-eight editors of religious them. We publish at this time the fol- periodicals, in conference last April in lowing article written by Mr. Herrick Washington, considered this question B. Young of Teheran, Persia, regard- and approved a report of their Find- ing the Rev. Dr. James W. Hawkes, ing·s Committee which included the which appell!"ed in Women and Mis- statement: "While a few church sionsJ-EDITOR. papers are on a paying basis, as a This year the Rev. James W. Hawkes general rule it does not seem possible is celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of his arrival in Persia as a Presbyterian to make church papers self-supportmissionary. A monumental Persian ing." Bible dictionary numbering 1000 pages, the work of Mr. Hawkes, is being pub- Dr. David M. Sweets, editor of The lished. Christian Observer, Louisville, Ky., read a paper on this subject in which Mr. Hawkes was a graduate of Princeton in the class of 1875, and of Union he said: Theological Seminary in 1880. He .and four other pioneer missionaries went out Twelve years ago about one in three on the long journey, spending almost of the religious weeklies was reported six months on the way before Teheran self-sustaining. Today it is probable was reached. that less than one in twenty is self-sus- taining. Almost every church paper re- Mission work in Persia was just be- ports that its expenses are exceeding its ginning and Moslem leaders did not income. The Methodist Episcopal Church welcome foreigtiers. Health conditions and the Methodist Episcopal Church, were very bad, with no doctors in the South, through the Methodist Book Conentire country. The mission station had cern and through Conferences, have furonly just been opened and there was no nished many hundred thousands of dol- American diplomatic representative in lars to pay the deficits of their church the land. In November, 1881, he was papers and keep them in existence. sent to Hamadan, a newly opened sta- Publications of other denominations are tion, for the winter. He became so inter- running with deficits, some as high as ested in the place that he asked to be $20,000 a year. stationed there permanently. The next year a doctor and his wife and a young What Are the Reasons? woman missionary were added to the force. In spite of some opposition from Dr. Sweets answers: "Each copy of the governor and the people of the city, Mr. Hawkes was able to rent, and later a church paper today costs about twice buy, property for mission work. When the difficulties were at their greatest, as much as it did twelve years ago. Nashr-ed-Din Shah. one of the first progressive rulers of Persia, made a grant Print paper costs almost eighty per of $700 and gave a royal permit for the cent more. The wage~ of printer.s building of a church for the Armenian community. This established the mission have about doubled. Other expenses on a firm basis. have more than doubled." The editor In 1883. Miss S. Belle Sherwood came of The Christian Advocate, New York, to Hamadan as a teacher in the newlM adds: Yet the price of annual subscription has been raised little, if any. At the same

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

time the national advertising patronage VIEW. As an interdenominational has been practically monopolized by a few magazine it cannot appeal to denomperiodicals of nation-wide circulation, inational loyalty, but it does appeal to leaving not only the church papers, but loyalty to the common cause of Christ. practically all the cultural weekly It is not, and from the nature of the papers, magazines and reviews with only case cannot be, a commercial entera meager revenue from this source. As prise. It is really an integral part of a result many denominational organs the home and foreign missionary work have gone to the wall-and over it. of the churches, and as such it should The mortality is very heavy, and some be supported. Ministers, missionaries which still survive are evidently living at and laymen should not only know what a poor dying rate. When Dr. J. M. Row- their own churches are doing but land, editor of The Richmond Christian should keep in touch with the work Advocate, was making a pulpit appeal of other churches. THE MISSIONARY in behalf of his paper to a Virginia con- REVIEW is a medium through which gregation, one of his hearers, a man pro- they can exchange information and foundly unfamiliar with the economics ideas, and as the only interdenominaof religious journalism, shot this ques- tional periodical in this field it serves tion at him: "What do you do with the an important purpose. The subscripprofits?" Doctor Rowland was stunned tion price is kept at the low figure of for a moment, but soon recovered and $2.50, which is below cost, so as to explained the impossibility under pres- make THE REVIEW available to many ent-day conditions of making a church who do not feel able to pay a higher paper pay cash dividends. "You might price. just as well ask that question of any mission field, orphanage or hospital," he Several of the denominational said, and went on to show that the div- boards, The Home Missions Council, idends paid by a church paper had to be representing the home missionary figured in gains in intelligence, informa- boards of all the leading denomination, inspiration and action on the part tions, the interdenominational Council of those who read it and in the interest of Women for Home Missions, the of the organization which it serves. Foreign Missions Conference of North America and the Federation of Wom- The editor of The Presbyterian Ad- ens Boards for Foreign Missions, have vance, N ashville, Tenn., effectively repeatedly recognized the important place of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW in emphasizes this: the modern missionary enterprise, and The publication of a church paper is both of the Women's Councils and sevno more a commercial enterprise than is eral of the denominational boards are the maintenance of a "particular so fully convinced that THE MISSIONchurch." Christians do not organize a ARY REVIEW is essential to their work church for the same reason that men that they make annual grants toward form a business corporation. A church its Maintenance Fund. But the misis organized with no thought of financial sionary agencies cannot adequately profit at all; purely for the service it finance THE REVIEW in addition to can render. their denominational obligations. A small number of men and women testi- Now, it is for exactly the same reason fy to their recognition of the importhat a church paper is maintained. It tant work of THE REVIEW by individdoes not seek financial profit. ual gifts. But death in some caseR and business reverses in others haw That situation is the reason why it is seriously affected this source of supproper to call upon the real friends of ply. THE REVIEW confidently appeals the paper-those who believe in its mis- to other friends for contributions, just sion and desire it to fulfill that mission as they contribute to the missionary more adequately-to contribute both time and money to that end. The truth is that work of their churches. A. J. B. the paper is being produced below cost. Some friends urge us to increase the subscription rate to meet the cost. Yet if it is done many good friends of small means will feel unable to take the paper which truly helps them. Hence we should work together to serve the largest possible number at the lowest possible cost.

The Missionary Review These consideratIons apply with special force to THE MISSIONARY RE- EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A "FIELD" METHOD THREE PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS By MISS PANSY GRIFFIN, CHANGLI, FOR PRESENTING CHAPTER I OF "A CLOUD OF WITNESSES" CHINA IN LOCAL SOCIETY OR IN CHURCH CONGREGATION "One outstanding day during the spring term was 'fourth month, eight- This srune idea may most cleverly eenth day' of the lunar year. It came be used in the presentation of "India on May 16th. Formerly that was a Looks to Her Future." Simply substidate for a temple fair in Changli, but tute topics for persons. disturbed conditions for a number of years had interrupted it. This year, CHAPTER I it being very peaceful around us, saw many people out for a fair. But there By MRS. H. H. CLAYPOOLE was none; the present government Tallmadge, Ohio rather frowns on them. So the people came to the Mission, which is very (First award, Lakeside Summer Schaal 'Of Missions, 1930) close to the temple where the fair News-Real was formerly held. Dinctions: Pictures and placards "We had only two gate·s open and to be placed in a double doorway, managed so that people entered at the backed by doors themselves on a foldchurch gate. In the church Dr. Lantz ing screen, so that frame of door had a hygienic display, posters, baby forms the frame for both pictures and clothes, etc., and the nurse was there placards. Vitaphone represented by to answer questions. The pastor was a woman back of scenes, talking from the city, Miss Dyer and her as- through a ·small megaphone, or in case sistants were also in the church sur- of music, by an unseen piano. rounded by evangelistic posters. After listening to a ,short talk at the church, Scene I the people came over to the Primary Placard to be hung on closed doors School, the Women's School, Alderman or screen: "Workers in God's Harvest Junior High, and then the Boys' Field." School. It was like doing all one's advertising in one day! Over 2,500 Music plays softly, "Jesus Calls Us." people went through before we closed Placard removed. the gate for the noon hour. In the Picture-Three women in cQ.stume afternoon we didn't count for a while, representing Persia, China, Africa but there were over 4,000 altogether. We started out having classes so that with name printed on band across them. Stand as if talking with one another while vitaphone speaks for people could see just how the school each. ran, but at eleven o'clock the crowds Vitaphone as Selby: "I am Selby were so great we had to stop clas·ses. Already we are considering plans for of Marbeshoo, the niece of a Nestorian next year so that we may make a bishop, who was brought by my deeper impression on the people." uncle to the mission school in Urumia, Persia. Here I became a Christian 844

1930J METHODS FOR WORKERS

and at the age of fifteen went to live for the Christ. I enjoyed going four with my husband in his father's fam- times each year to the missionary ily, already numbering some sixty conference communion service, even people. I enjoyed my life among them though I had to paddle ten hours e8l:h and tried in every way to help them way. I always tried to take a generous till on the day my third son was born, gift either from my garden or my my aged husband died and I was basket making. One time I had only treated like a servant. I still con- a poor old broken basket to give as tinued teaching my small sons what I the buffalo had destroyed my garden had learned at the mission school. and my husband had burned my mud One son soon died but I have had the house, destroying all my pottery and joy of seeing my younger son or- baskets because I refused to stay at dained as a minister. Not long ago home from the conference. The mis- I had the pleasure of returning to my sionaries hearing my story tried to -school for the graduation of my three persuade me to stay with them, but I granddaughters." felt my work was in my own village and 1 did hope my husband would ac- Vitaphone continues: Selby was cept the Christ. Long after my huskilled during an invasion by the band died and I became feeble and old. Khurds, staying behind the others I finally went to the widow's home with the household goods so that her and there tried to continue my preachson and her beautiful granddaughters ing and teaching." might escape. Vitaphone continues: Ekot "went Vitaphone as Wang: "Going from away" while telling the story of the Shantung to Peiping to take an ex- Good Samaritan to those around her. amination, my husband heard, for the first time, the Gospel preached, and Scene II asked to be baptized. He came home and won me to the new religion and On Placard-"Work of a Child we in turn influenced our friends and Widow." neighbors. I was not satisfied, however, with what he could tell and de- P.icture-Hariamma in costume. termined to go to Peiping myself to Vitaphone speaks: "1 was born in learn to read. I finally persuaded my the palace of a rajah in India. My fason to push my wheelbarrow the 400 ther died when I was very young and miles to the mission and there learned I was betrothed almost at birth, my to read my Bible. When I went there future husband dying before I was I had the bad habit of smoking a pipe old enough to know it. As a lonely but gave thi-s up so that I might add and despised child, I had only one my tobacco money to my contribu- friend, a boy named Gurahati, who tions. I was the first Bible-woman of was afflicted with leprosy. He taught the mission and have worked wherever me to read and together we read many I have been sent. My body has givell Hindu books, but were not allowed to out long before my will and since my marry as I was a widow. Finally he eightieth birthday I have had to be was forced t.o marry a mere baby, but taken from village to village in my he and I stIll continued our reading. wheelbarrow. My son also became a One day my friend found a leaflet preacher but was killed during the dropped by a missionary and after Boxer Uprising." reading it together, we both resolved to be Christians. He ran away and Vitaphone as Ekot: "I lived in a went to the mission headquarters and harem in the Belgian Congo in Africa. was baptized. Months later he sent I heard some missionaries from across for me, and I too went to J;he mission the seven mile wide river, and I be- station and was baptized. After -some came a Christian. I stayed at home time, his unnatural marriage to the and worked among my own people, baby girl was dissolved and we were hoping to win them and my husband married, but he lived only a few years

after. I remained with the mission est of 24 children. I entered a govand tried to comfort the afflicted and ernment school at the age of fifteen console those who are 8orrowfuL" and from there I went to a mission school where my heart was touched by Scene III the cheerfulness and happiness of the missionaries. I was eventually bap- Placard-Girls who have fallen into tized with the permission of my family the hands of missionaries. and went home to live where, after a few years, 32 members of my family Picture-Philip Sarah, Kondubai, were baptized. I am now an evangel- Nameh Shahla, each with her name ist with the Presbyterian mission in on her. Nanking and am trying to help other young women with my influence." Vitaphone: Philip Sarah was raised by a Christian father who heard the Scene V Gospel fir8t, then passed it on to those around him. She was early a widow Placa,rd-In Africa. and thereafter continued her preach- Picture-All in pantomime, no vitaing in all parts of the mission field. phone. Her children and her children's chil- Music-"Swing Low, Sweet Chardren are all at work in the mission. iot" played through entire scene. Act She has had good health, a good mind out story of Nyang Ocinda and her and a feeling heart to carry on her baby as given on pages 46-49 in the work and though she has been a widow textbook with no spoken word. for forty year·s, no reproach has ever Final placard to be hung on door: been cast upon her. "No influence ·surpasses in importance that 'Of the woman who goes about Kondubai was born in India and among her own people, telling the Gos· after her father's death came into the pel story with sincerity and convichands of the missionaries. She had tion." an extraordinary gift as a story-teller and made all her stories real. She "A CLOUD OF WITNESSES" continued active in Christian work after her marriage and was interested CHAPTER I in the promotion of temperance and was for many years president of the By MRS. W. W. ENGSTROM woman's missionary society in hel' church. The hostess, a returned missionary, has invited a few guests, who are also Nameh Shahla still lives and works missionaries, in to tea. As they arin Palestine. She grew up in a Chris- rive she greets them and they seat tian home and was graduated from the themselves around a tea table. girls' school of the mission. She is most capable and allows nothing to While there the talk turns to discourage her. She says, "I'm glad friends and helpers in other lands. I'm plain and homely. I can preach Each in turn tells of some character the Gospel in places where a beautiful in the first chapter who has been her woman couldn't possibly go." But to friend and helper. her husband's eyes she is a beautiful woman. The hostess ends with the story 'Of Ekot Nganga. As she closes the story Scene IV someone in the distance may sing "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot." Placard-The Daughter of a °Governor. "A CLOUD OF WITNESSES"

Picture-Christiana Tsai (see text- CHAPTER I book) . Use individual to represent her, or her own enlarged picture. By LETTIE ALLAN RUSH (First award, Northfield Institute, 1930) Vitaplwne: "My father was governor of one of the central provinces Subject-TELL ME A TRUE STORY: of China and I was almost the young- Bible Women and Evangelists.

HJ30] METHODS FOR WORKERS

Quiet 1nU8ie-Pianist playing softly, Sing the whole of the two hymns ill "Jesus Loves Me, This I Know." this way. After a verse or two, a child or children, dressed in foreign costumes, Praye'l"–Since those who have not march in singing this children's hymn. heard the true story of Jesus are eager to hear, may we be eager to tell it, Bible Reading-Acts 1: 8, Hebrews that the whole world may sing, "Jesus 12: 1, by leader. loves me, this I know, for the Bible tells me so." Because Jesus' disciples obeyed this command to witnes·s, in later years "RAINBOW WISDOM," OR "POT OF Paul was able to speak of the cloud of GOLD" witnesses. Some of these witnesses have gone to the uttermost parts of (A demonstration to teach relation the earth telling the true story of of each Christian to the denomina- Jesus and His love. So, today, we are tional organizations.) encompassed about with a great cloud of witnesses in these far off countries, Properties who are beginning again at Jerusalem. This book, "A Cloud of Witnesses," is Twelve placards 24" x 18" labeled really another chapter in the Acts of with names of various societies and the Apostles. This first chapter is a boards. (If preferred, paper or cloth group of true stories of Bible women bands may be substituted.) and evangelists "who go from door to door, from street corner to street corner, from village to village, into hospitals and prisons, into the market places and the homes of the lowliest, telling the good news of the Gospel."

Women dressed in foreign costumes, sitting in your group will give a story half-hour-Persia, Palestine, India, China, Japan, Africa.

OUTLINE OF CHAPTER I One long strip of paper 12"xl0' con- taining name of denominational or- Subject-Tell me a true ,story. ganization. (Choose a woman for India, who can sing, and after telling her ,story Ten rolls Denison crepe paper 4" have her sing the hymn on page 12, wide in rainbow colors. (Ribbon may written by a converted Hindu girl: be substituted.) "In the Secret of His Presence.") At the close of the story half-hour, Two 12" discs of yellow or gilt cardask your whole group to read re- board marked in segments to show sponsively the last sentences in Chap- division of money among various soter I, making a few changes, the why cieties. One should be left whole, of which you will make clear as leader. other cut into segments. "No influence surpasses in importance that of the woman be she Per- Orange waste basket or jardinere sian, African, Chinese or Indian, for "pot of gold." Oriental or Occidental, who goes ab~ut among her own people, living and tell- Paper rainbow f () l' background. ing the Gospel story with simplicity (Pretty but not essential.) and conviction." The foreign women then sing a Outline verse of "Tell Me the Old, Old Story," answered by the rest of the group in This was written for a Baptist a verse o~ "I Love to Tell the Story." church. With change of nomenclature it will fit any denomination: In de- scribing, will use Baptist names for clearness.

Let the most gifted woman repre- tion. The uncut disc may be used to ,ent the local church, holding one of explain to the audience the proporthe 12 placards (or wearing a band tions assigned to the various societies across her breast) labeled Local from the amounts contributed by the Church. She conducts the entire dem- churches. onstration, first explaining that the local church is just a band of Chris- Close with prayer that every memtians united to carry out God's will in ber of every church may do his part the world. This introductory speech to sustain the great work God has enshould be as full and clear as she trusted to his denomination. can make it. She proceeds to show how the local churches go about doing N. B. The accounts of each society the Lord's work by introducing one may be pasted on the back of the by one the organizations which the placards, to assist the memory. The denomination supports. As each is effect is better, of course if they are mentioned, a woman comes to the not read. platform carrying a placard suitably labeled and gives an account of the WORSHIP SERVICE: OUR LORD'S society she represents. The Local Church should stand on the floor in PRAYER front of the platform. As the various women appear, she hands to each a Chant "Our Father Who Art in strip of rainbow paper, unrolls it and Heaven"-Quartette or entire group. places the other end in the "pot of gold" (i. e., the yellow jardinere on Leader with bowed head says reva table at her side). When ten women erently and slowly: "Our Father who have lined up, there is a very effective art in heaven hallowed be Thy name." rainbow extending fan-wise from the pot of gold to the row of ladies. The Pianist strikes one chord and all societies used in this demonstration, sing one stanza of "Holy, Holy, Holy." were Association, State Convention, Have a strong voice ready to lead oft' City Missions, Publication Society, in the entire program. Home Missions, Women's Home Missions, Board of Education, Foreign Leader: "Thy kingdom come." Missions, Women's Foreign Missions, Ministers' and Missionaries' Benefit Person with clear, steady voice re- cites Oxenham's poem, "Thy Kingdom Board. Come." To unify the presentation, the Local Leader: "Thy will be done on earth Church explains how the Northern as it is in heaven." Baptist Convention was formed for all these to meet, consult, and cooperate. Recitation-Oxenham's poem, "Thy Two women lift above the heads of Will Be Done." the ten, the long banner with the words Northern Baptist Convention. Leader: "Give us this day our daily Last, a Board which brings to the bread." Local Church the financial neetis of these societies and returns to them Pianist strikes chord, all sing, the gifts of the Local Church, may be "Break Thou the Bread of Life." Two represented by an agile little woman stanzas. who gathers from each a slip containing the amount required for the cur- Leader: "And forgive us our debts rent year's work, brings these to the as we forgive our debtors." Local Church, receives from her the segments of the golden disc (dollar) Solo-"He Blotted Them Out," or and gives to each the agreed propor- other song of forgiveness.

Leader: "And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil."

Pianist gives chord, all sing "Yield Not to Temptation." One stanza.

Leader: "For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever, amen."

Pianist ,strikes chord and all sing, "All hail the power of Jesu~' name."

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THY KINGDOM COME Thy will be done! Thy good will is For every man such happiness, such By JOHN OXENHAM freedom from life's care and Thy kingdom come! and quickly, Lord! stress, For life is a tempestuous sea, where As never man did yet possess, And so, each day storm-winds beat unceasingly With joy we pray- And drive us oft away from Thee. Thy will be done! Thy will be done! So, day by day, We ever pray- THE BIBLE-THERE IT STANDS Thy kingdom come! A Responsive Reading for Thy kingdom come! Devotional Service Thy kingdom come! Lord, till it comes, LEADER RESPONSE We are but voyagers who roam with Century follows century There it stands straining eyes amid the gloom, And seek, but cannot find our home. Empires rise and fall There it stands and are forgotten So, day by day, In faith we pray- Kings are crowned and There it stands Thy kingdom come! uncrowned Thy kingdom come! Emperors decree its ex- There it stands Thy kingdom come! For when it comes Earth's crying wrongs will be redressed, termination Despised and torn to and man will make his chiefest There it stands quest pieces The peace of God which giveth rest. Storms of hate swirl So, day by day, about it In hope we pray- There it stands Thy kingdom come! Atheists rail against it There it stands Thy kingdom come! Agnostics smile cynically There it stands Unbelief abandons it There it stands Thy kingdom come! Ah, grant us, Lord Higher critics deny its To see the day when Thou shalt reign claim to inspiration There it stands Thunderbolts of wrath supreme within the hearts of men, There it stands And love shall dwell on earth again, smite it For that, Thy day, Flames are kindled about There it stands We ever pray- it Thy kingdom come! Thy kingdom come! Arrows of hate are dis- charged against it There it stands THY WILL BE DONE Infidels predict its aban- There it stands By JOHN OXENHAM donment Thy will be done I Lord, when it is, Earth will forsake her miseries and turn Modernism tries to ex- There it stands plain it away again to Thee where is Laughed at and scorned There it stands Sure hope of full recoveries But- When childhood needs a So, day by day There it stands In faith we pray- standard of truth When youth calls for a Thy will be done I There it stands Thy will be done! beacon light Thy will be done! Until it is,. When sorrow calls for There it stands Life cannot know the untold b11ss of full consolation and free and sure release When weakness searches From all that now doth mar its peace. for the sources of There it stands So, day by day, power In hope we pray- When old age calls for Thy will be done! an upholding staff There it stands Thy will be done! When the weary seek There it stands Thy will be done, for Thy will is refuge and rest Man's deepest, highest, fullest joy! When the hungry soul There it stands Love's purest gold without alloy calls for bread With thought of that our hearts we buoy, When the thirsty pil- And day by day grim yearns for water There it stands Full faithed we pray- When the overwhelmed There it stands Thy will be done! cry for relief Thy will be done! When we aJlproach the 4 "Valley of the Shadow" There it stands (From "The Secret of the Life Sublime." by Dr. A. Z. Conrad. published by Elemlng H. Revell Company at $1.50. Tbis chapter Is used with the permission of the publishers.) For sale by M. H. Leavis, North Cambridge, Mass. Prices: 2 for 5 cents i. 12 for 25 cents; 60 for 75 cents; 100 for $1.,,5.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York E xecutive Secretaries of the Coy,ncil of Women for Home Missions and Federa- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North A m erica OB S ~JRVIN (i WORLD DA Y OF PRAY E R I N WONSA N, KOREA, MARC H 7, l ll3 0 PRESSED DOWN; RUNNING OVER goodness to His children, and in prayer for health, strength and courage to As o'er each Continent and Island go forward in the making of a better Th. dawn leads on another day, world. Such a day of nearly forty hours was March 7, 1930, and again The voice of prayer is never ended, on February 20, 1931, the measure of Nor dies the strain of praise away. time will be pressed down, running over. When the Day of Prayer begins in New Zealand with a sunrise service In the variou·s accounts of the obat five A. M. and ends in Honolulu servance of the day it is interesting with an evening service of p raise and to note contrasts. In general the womprayer, just how many hours of wor- en of other lands have observed the ship have been crowded into that pre- day as more truly a day of prayer and cious day? Here is a little problem in thanksgiving. The women of Amerthe computation of time which for ica see in it a great opportunity for those who have relegated their a rith- conveying to those present informametic to the days gone by will stir tion and inspiration. The women of up the old processes and give a new the Orient come together to pray. The zest to thinking. women of America prepare brief dramatizations aI)d pageants which By calling in the aid of all the sec- will portray the needs of the projects, retaries available on a July day ap- and the cause of Christian Missions. proximately forty hours has been agreed upon as the time when the After all, the program is only the women of the world are uniting in praise to Almighty God for His great 850 guiding suggestion, and Chinese, In- Lord's Prayer was given in 14 differ- dian, Persian, Egyptian, Hungarian, ent languages. At the time of the and American-all "paint the thing as service in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the they SEe it" and "the God of things as church bells rang throughout the city, they are" sees the spirit, the love, the ami in the Cameroun district of Af- effort, and the great underlying desire rica the African drum was heard that brings them all together for a day through the forests and the little vil- of prayer and communion. lages.

In general, the women of (lther lands In a little village in China at sun- feel more keenly the great significance rise the street was a-clatter with the of a world at prayer. This word comes sound of the wooden-soled shoes on the from Sakboyenne, Africa: "They carne hard little streets as the mothers carne quickly. It seemed as if there had carrying their little children to the been added new dignity to their bear- early morning meeting, and after the ing. The consciousness that they were sun had gone down at night Martin an integral part of the praying women Smith and his wife and seven chilof the world made them forget them- dren were finding their way back to selves in the thought that they were God',s children with other (If God's 'l'HB UIWlJP IN PODOLl, NELLORE children praying for the same things." DISTRICT, INDIA And this from Miraj, India: "The women gathered in the chapel, a color- their little cabin in the mountains of ful group with some in their wedding Kentucky, over seven miles of rough, garments. It was a beautiful, heart- muddy road, having walked all . that searching service. During the minutes distance to attend the evening service of silent prayer, there was such an ab- of the Day of Prayer in the little solute calm as none of us had ever ex- chapel by "Howling Run." perienced before in the Miraj Church. Two women testified, and nineteen Surely the world is b(lund by chains prayers were offered aloud. After of prayer around the feet of God on repeating the 'World Family Prayer' that day. – the Lord's Prayer-the women silently faded away." At the same Could we but remove ourselves to a time comes this account from Musko- great distance where we might view gee, Oklahoma: "Beginning at nine the preparations for this day, and o'clock the organist played softly till then the progress of the day through ten-thirty when the program began. its forty hours, we would lose sight We used the outlined program 'Look- of the petty difficulties which confront ing Unto Jesus.' A light luncheon was us in our own circle as we lay our served at noon. At one o'clock the plans, and we would sense the thrill services were continued, using the pro- which comes with the feeling that we gram 'That Jesus May Be Lifted Up.' are a part of something so great and This was completed at three o'clock, so powerful that we are scarcely able but the organist played softly until to comprehend its meaning. So great, four, old church hymns that would so far reaching, so powerful is this direct one's thoughts to prayer. The Day of Prayer. hours seemed long when announced, but they passed very quickly. An at- The program for 1931 was practimosphere of quiet and prayer predominated at all times." Oklahoma and India are very close together, after all, in their spiritual approach.

Four languages were used in the service at Kangpokpi, Manipur, Assam, while in Brooklyn, New York, the

cally finished in May, 1930. Then it spend the day in prayer; the Bible was mimeographed and sent to the women from all over the district came mis-sion boards, and by them to all in; Bible Institute students, and a the mission fields where it is trans- number of young girls from the night lated into some thirty ·or forty lan- school. guages and vernaculars. Then in many of the lands . it goes to the And as the day advances we are printers, and the first edition which joined by the groups in India-groups comes from the press in the United in the villages meeting near a tam- States is about two hundred and fifty arina grove or under a banyan tree; thousand copies. The program, trans- groups in the little chapels and in the lated and printed in Pyengyang, larger churches; a group in Kang- Korea, is sent out for use in one pokpi, Assam, British India-one hunthousand rural churches in that lo- dred and fifty women representing cality. Each group in its own locality Tangkhul Naga, Anal, Kuki, Kacha makes plans for its own observance, Naga, and Tushai tribes, where two and the Day arrives-first in New languages must be used to make all Zealand. understand, and where they prayed, each in her own tongue, using four THE MEEl'l'ING IN SHENCHOW, CHINA languages. And can't you see the women in their wedding garments, be- Can you picture these services in cause it is a great day when the womthe little villages in Japan where at en of the world are praying together? sunrise the women gathered to celebrate the day, or perhaps in a little And again the day advances and we village in China where at five o'clock the women came carrying their babies, are joined by the women of Persia and the husbands came to prepare the and Syria-five hundred of them in meals at the church so that the women Beirut; the women brought their might spend the entire day there; or the chapel on the river bank, where in neighbors, some Moslem, some Greek the early morning the little boats began to draw up carrying the families Orthodox and some Syriac. The womfor the early prayer service-Utwenty- en from Turkey join with us in five" – "fifty"-"one hundred"-"one prayer, and scattered groups in the hundred and fifty-only ten per cent Balkans and Hungary and Germany. of whom could read"-"every woman who ever attends the church"-"two The Cameroun district in Africa hundred"-"two hundred and fifty"- has some of the largest meetings, the "six hundred women and girls"-"the women coming from miles around and, church crowded to the doors" – or, too, in the little villages they gather, "those who came more than filled the called by the African drum. At the chapel, and dozens of women and chil- little village of Nkol Mvolan, after a dren remained standing outside the meeting of about fifty women they church throughout the service." separated, going back to their homes by three different paths, testifying Or imagine the meeting at Wonsan, and praying in the different homes as Korea, where the women came to they went ,so that the whole district around felt the influence of that meet- ing.

And still the day progresses-the American church in Rome, and the American church in Paris have meet- ings. All over Holland groups of women are joining in. In Oslo groups joined for the first time this year, and from them the news was passed on to a group at Tonder, Denmark. A pas- tor in Wales heard about it and sent for programs, and his people became

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

a part of the world family, praying their own groups in their own ·c·om- together on that day. munities on February 20, 1931, shall we not try to convey to them this The day dawned for America- sense of oneness with the other wom- North, South and Central, and for en of the world, make them feel the Cuba and the other islands in the united prayer of women everywhere, West Indies. Through the courtesy so that from our hearts we will fur- of the National Broadcasting Com- ther voice the words of the old hymn: pany and the Greater New York Fed- We thank Thee that Thy Church uneration of Churches, for the fourth year a service was broadcast over a sleeping, chain of some 18 stations, and soon While earth rolls onward into light, after eight o'clock thousands of peo- Through all the world her watch is keepple in the eastern areas joined in the observance of that day. In other sec- ing. And rests not now, by day or night. tions the radio also carried the message. In the United States, meetings FLORENCE G. TYLER. were held in every state of the Union. In Canada, from Nova Scotia and New THE LEADERS OF THE MEETING, KANG· Brunswick to Saskatchewan and be- POKPI, MANIPUR STATE, ASSAM yond, in Mexico, Nicaraugua, and the different countries of South America THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER the chain of prayer continued un- AND YOUNG PEOPLE broken. Preparation In large cities where a day of In the word that has come to us of prayer must find its place amid thou- the observance of the World Day of sands of diversions, and in little coun- Prayer by young people, we find that try districts where the people walk the planning for the meeting may be miles over unspeakable roads to at- through a variety of channels. There tend; in sections where people read, is the local interdenominational group write and speak many languages, and of women, called the Council of Church in other sections less privileged, where Women, Women's Church and Mispeople speak haltingly, and read and sionary Federation, Women's Departwrite not at all-the Day of Prayer ment or one of many other names. still finds its way. People who cannot If this is the channel, it seems best to read commit sections of the program ask for a committee of young women. to memory, and those who are shut Usually there should also be included in may still observe the day. One the organized young people's groups: woman on the plains of Texas-a Christian Endeavor, Epworth League, "shut-in"-when the day was bad and her friends could not get to her, read the service by herself, prayed the prayers, sang the hymns, and sent her offering for objects named by the committee.

The native Women's Missionary Society in Sitka, Al!l!ska, came together on that day, and they brought an offering of twenty-five dollars; and far out in the P!l!Cific, the day re!I!Ched Hawaii.

From the rising of the sun in the East to the going down of the same in the West, March the seventh, 1930, was a day long to be remembered.

When our women come together in

Baptist Young People's Union, Youth together. It may later become town Council, etc. This insures their coop- or city wide.

eration. It also means that the young The Hampton Young Women's So- men are asked to participate, and ex- ciety of Gibsonia, Pa., "voted that Perience indicates that the young each member devote a part of her women frequently wish to have the daily devotions to this cause, instead young men become interested in the of holding a meeting."

meeting. A central committee may Publicity make the plans. All groups whose cooperation is desired should be en- A "Call to Prayer" especially pre- listed from the beginning. To in- pared by and for young people has terest the young men, also, possibly been felt desirable, one so arranged the speaker, if one is sought, may be that it can be used as a small poster a man. on a church bulletin board, yet can also be folded for a letter. The printed "Call" from headquarters and any other publicity should be given out at all denominational and inter- denominational meetings of young people. It is more effective if a mem- ber of the central committee can make the announcement in person, and then distribute the folders.

The ineeting of the pastors, in some }!OTHERS' CLUB: O;iE O~' 'J'HE GROUPS places held regularly, should not be AT THE }[~;ETI:G. DUMAGT'ETE. PHILIP- forgotten as a means of publicity. 1'1:E IfLA~-nS The Executive Committee of the women's interdenominational group If there is in the community no may well be invited to be present as women's group to sponsor it, it is sponsors or guests, if the meeting is possible to ask each pastor for the held separately from that ,of the name of an interested or capable women.

young woman, and together these may The daily papers and church calen- meet to form the planning committee. dars or bulletins will welcome, as a Or the local young people's missionary rule, the notice of the meeting. An chairmen may be approached. In- announcement may be placed in the clude members ,of various racial printed or mimeographed young peo- groups in the planning and the par- ple's bulletins or topic cards and ticipation. written notices may be given to the While we should aim toward inter- pastors and Sunday-school superin- denominational observance, yet other tendents. The poster, secured from plans may be adopted if local condi- headquarters, may be utilized.

tions make this advisable. Miss Ruth Progranl M. Drummond of the North United Presbyterian church, of Pittsburgh, While the pdnted program as sup- Pa., tells of the meeting of the wom- plied by headquarters need not neces- en's and young women's groups of sarily be followed closely, yet in al- that church. The printed program most every place it would seem to be was followed and "interesting com- the best basic guide and to give to ments were made by several members the meeting that sense of fellowship on national life, church life and in- with other Christian young people that ternational life. The prayers seemed is a most helpful part of the observ- to reach into all parts of the world." ance. A processional and recessional It is not necessary then, for 'a begin- have been found to be lovely and wor- ning to have a number of groups meet shipful parts of the meeting, and

more effective where candles are used dian Work and Mig~ant Work) and in a darkened church. the offering was taken by the girls who were in costume. During a season In McKeesport, Pa., where there of prayer several girls offered prayers, was a service from 9: 30 a. m. to 4 thanking God for what had been acp. m. and one from 7 to 8 p. m., "the complished, confessing shortcomings, latter was carried out entirely by asking for guidance to do more for young people. Most of the churches the kingdom in the future. A short cooperated and the spirit was fine. dramatization, 'Sorrows of Islam,' The regular program was followed showing the life of Moslem women, with a different young woman in was presented." charge of each part of the program. One of these leaders was a colored The meeting may be held in the girl." afternoon, as was the case in Hunts- ville, Ohio. "The Senior Society had "In one town a young woman went their tea at the church and by the to the chairman of the Committee on time they were ready the girl,s were Arrangements to inquire whether the out of school and arrived in time to young people might have a part in be served. We had invited a class of the observance. While at first she Presbyterian girls and we all enjoyed was not received very enthusiastically, the fellowship of prayer. We had it finally developed that a group of made an outline covering the need of girls from the girls' guild of one of the world the best we could, which the churches in the city had a part in was divided and became a part of each the program and that the speaker of girl's prayer. I am so glad that each the evening was one of the girls who of our girls, most of them high school had seen service in a mission field." girls, can conduct a meeting as well as our senior members can." Margaret L. Burton of the United Presbyterian Church sends the follow- Power ing account: "All the churches of Piqua, Ohio, joined in a union service Let us not become too discouraged on the World Day of Prayer under the over small numbers. Neither should leadership of the City Federation of we be too anxious to have a popular Missionary Societies. A supper was meeting for young people, in the sense served by the women, who invited the that it would be a "rousing" meeting. young women as their guests. A short From the first, let us be frank in program was given at the tables. The planning a service that is prayerful, evening program was in charge of a worshipful and beautiful. Picturcommittee made up of representatives esque ? Yes. But every part contribfrom the young women's societies. uting to the meaning of the whole, The national program was used with and significant. Dramatic, yes, and some changes so that it would not be challenging through the eye, giving exactly like that of the afternoon. that wider fellowship with those around the world as young people "The members of the Young Wom- unite in prayer and thought and gifts en's Missionary Societies marched in that the kingdom may come. together,' singing 'All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name,' led by girls dre.ssed MURIEL DAY. to represent the four phases of missionary work sponsored by the Fed- CANADIAN WOMEN AND eration and Council, namely, a Chinese, Turkish, American Indian and PROHIBITION migrant woman, and the girJ.s who were the Moslem women in the By MRS. R. G. DINGMAN pageant. What is the attitude of Canadian "To explain the object of the offer- women to Prohibition? The question ing, two talks were given (on Union is probably asked because of the wide- Colleges and Christian Literature, In- spread report that, in most of Canada, a new system of "Government Con-

trol" has superseded Prohibition. The illicit sales through the continually answer here offered with conviction degrading bootlegging.

of accuracy i,s: The following table shows that 1. That Canada never had national "Government Control" is not an ade- prohibition in the meaning of the quate name for the various provincial term used in the United States; that systems of liquor sales, and that pri- the laws which "Government Control" vate gain is a tremendous factor in superceded were provincial laws pro- the Canadian Liquor Traffic inasmuch hibiting only the sale of liquor, the as only 575 of the 5,135 liquor estab- manufacture of liquor having been lishments are owned and operated by prohibited only by a war emergency , governments: B.C. Alta. Sask. Man. Onto Que. N.B. Total Distilleries ……… 4 2 9 9 1 25 Wineries ……… . Breweries …. . . . . . 12 52 52 6 8 8 39 9 2 84 Government Stores.. 75 33 29 122 104 37 400' Brewers' Agencies ., 24 9 105 138 B~r Salons …….• 267 376 Beer Shops ……. . 217 620 1,480 175* 1,654 1,829 Clubs …………. 68 47 34 148 297 Hotel and Restaurant 708 708 (Wine and Beer) Other selling agencies 17 17 88 122 Total…….. 426 503 212 287 327 3,340 40 5,135 ·Operated by government.

Dominion·order-in-Council which was Various churches and social organin force for twenty-one months and izations have made recent pronouncerescinded in 1919; ments on the liquor situation. These receive less publicity than does the 2. That change to the present sys- propaganda of the liquor trade, but tem, whereby provincial governments this influence is contributing to new act as selling agents for the products endeavor for prohibitory legislation. of privately owned breweries and distilleries, is resulting in increased sale The following resolution was passed and consumption of alcoholic bever- in June, 1930, by the only national ages in every province in which "Gov- organization of women in the United ernment Oontrol" pertains, increased Church of Canada: convictions for indictable offences and for driving motor vehicles while WHEREAS, We recognize that the liquor drunk, increased profits for manufac- traffic is one of the great evils of the turers of liquor, market value of the land and the promised betterment of common stocks of the more important conditions under Government Control in companies showing inordinate gaiThs whichever province it pertains has been following the adoption of "Govern- most disappointing, we, the members of ment Control"; the Dominion Board of The Woman's Missionary Society, do place ourselves on 3. That the Christian women of record as favoring a policy of.total pro- Canada are increasingly favorable to hibition of the liquor traffic and with prohibition and disturbed by the pres- renewed earnestness we give ourselves ent situation, many because of per- to the task of bringing about true temsonal experiences of trouble, accidents, perance sentiment. We would protest and disasters caused by drinking, many against the liquor traffic being used by because they feel the financial effects any political party as an issue in an of the diversion of money from useful election and would recommend that this business – $192,619,632 having been matter be decided by a referendum of spent in Canada in 1929 for legally the people. sold liquor, this figure not including We desire also to express to the Fed- eral Government our cordial gratitude that with such decisive unanimity it has taken steps to clearance for export liquor, and at the same time to promote

1930J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

international good will by cooperating 1930, passed the following resolution: with the authorities in the American Republic in the enforcement of their 1. Resolved, That as an Association prohibition laws. we view with alarm the increasing use of alcoholic liquors as a beverage, as evi- The last annual meeting of the denced by the report of the Liquor Con- Council of The Women's Missionary trol Board, the convictions in our courts Society of the Presbyterian Church, for drunkenness and crimes that are Western Division, reaffirmed its stand traceable to the use of intoxicant~, by on prohibition. The National Wom- the overcrowded condition of jails and en's Missionary Committee of the places of detention; that we consider Churches of Christ (Disciples) re- the system of so-called Government Concently endorsed the following resolu-' trol, vicious in principle and ineffective tion, passed by the Ontario Board of in the lessening of the evils of the traffic the same Society: in intoxicants.

WHEREAS, The Churches of Christ 2. Resolved, That we express our (Disciples) have always stood for the gratification at the action of the Federal abolition of strong drink, and Authorities in passing a law that pro- hibits the customs clearance of ship- WHEREAS, The liquor interests have ments of liquor to countries where the gained such power in many of the prov- selling of such is prohibited by the laws inces in Canada that the moral and of such country. Be it further physical welfare of the youth of our land is being. endangered and the peace 3. Resolved, That we urge the memof our homes violated, and bers of our churches to give their whole- hearted generous support to those tem- WHEREAS, It is well known that the perance organizations that are seeking sale and use of intoxicating liquors is to promote the cause of sobriety by the the greatest known hindrance to the es- means of education and legislation, and tablishment of the Kingdom of God on to abstain from the sale or use of alcoearth; therefore, be it holic beverages.

Resolved, That for the protection of Many other regional, provincial and our youth, this Board of the Ontario local church meetings have made sim- Women's Missionary Society shall take ilar pronouncements. Canadian church some measures to promote instruction in women repudiate so-called "Governthe dangers and evils in the use of ment Control" and have faith that inalcohol and the benefits to be derived telligent public opinion will not tolfrom total abstinence. erate very much longer a system of government cooperation with such an The Ontario Association of Baptist admitted evil as the liquor business. Churches meeting in Toronto in June, HOW GOVERNMENT SALE OF LIQUOR IN CANADA WORKS From the Dominion Bureau of Statistics Apparent _4-ppnrrnt Appflrpnt "cI'Gl'nialjr: of OO1/lwmpHol1 oj C()n~umption of D('uthR Du~ to CO'IMumptirm of Malt (Gal.) Wine (Gul.) . Alcoholism Spirits (Gal.) 35,436,690 1,112,260 .17 of one per cent 1923 ………. 1,734,779 40,817,435 1,454,287 .18 of one per cent 1924 ……………….. 1,757,972 45,185,725 1,844,246 .19 of one per cent 48.764.596 2,101,718 .22 of one per cent ………. 1925 1,599,654 47,656,217 3,574,102 .25 of one per cent 1,611,711 54,825,579 3,830,254 .32 of one per cent 1926 61,868,349 5,450,642 1927 ………. 1,836,970 ……………. 1928 2,777,067 1929 ……… . 3,130,119 Convictions for Violations of Laws For Violn.t1t1(f For Dri1'ing 7'otrr7 ,….'nmm(lr,ll Con ,.;(',t1on.~ for Liquor Lows ll'hile nrl.tnl.~ (lon1 1i r i i n n s nntnkf'l1l1CS."1 1923 10,088 353 137,49~ 1924 …………. 10,449 529 25,565 1925 …………. 11,636 609 142,999 27,338 ……… … … … … … … … … …. 13,512 724 151.R25 26,751 1926 12,4 77 953 169,913 28,317 1927 ,. 15,263 1,322 193,240 31,171 245,763 33,224 1928 –Canadian Government Bnlletin.

ORLD-WlDf

GENERAL This statement, though confessedly An Anglican Bishop on Reunion unofficial, will perhaps soften the ONE act of last summer's Lambeth judgment of non-conformist critics Conference in which all the bish- who have hitherto looked upon the ops of the Anglican Order met in the Lambeth pronouncements as an indefipalace of the Archbishop of Canter- nite postponement of the day of union. bury in London, has an interest tran- –Christian Advocate.

scending any single church. That is the approval of the scheme for Church Siberian Nomads I Union in South India, which, if con- N NORTHERNMOST Siberia live 5,000 nomads more isolated than summated, will unite in that territory the Anglican Church, the Wesleyan any other human group. Into their Methodist Church, and the South India ice-bound territory Soviet Russia has United Church in which Presbyterians sent an imposing delegation of scien- and Congregationalists have already tists, geologists, and teachers, with come together. This comprehensive orders to begin the process of civiliza- union now takes on a wider sig-nifi- tion. As a start, the natives will be cance because it was evidently viewed taught how better to fish, to farm, and at Lambeth as "suggesting lines on to conserve their food.-Christian which further advance toward agree- Hemld.

ment on questions of order" might be made. Successful Sumu1.e~· Conferences One English bishop, Doctor Woods, MORE than seven thousand young of Croydon, has declared his convic- people, plus five hundred Christion on the subject of reunion as fol- tian leaders, gathered in seventy-one lows: Presbyterian Young People's Summer It is, I am perslladed. true to say that Conferences thr'Oughout the United the Il'reat majority of the Bishops of the States this summer. What are the re- Anglican Communion do intensely desire sults? What d'O they reveal? reunion; and not for a moment reunion by absorption. but that kind of cominl!' First, as a result of c'Onference extogether which will conserve and use all periences, young people are dedicating the particular contributions which each their lives to Christian service. A now separated part keeps in trust for second result is preparation for Christhe whole which is to be. And I dare to tian living. A third result, and perhope that many mp.mbers of the Free haps the one most often reported is ChurCbes will still find in the doings of increased willingness to help in the the 1930 Lambeth Conference favorable program of the local church and greatst~.rting' points for fresh discllssions er efficiency in carrying out the work with us An",]icans, and ev~n. it may be, undertaken. The young people return after a. while. fOl' considered negoti,,- from the c'Onferences eager to share tions. MeRntime. let the brotherly work the work not only of their own 01'- 2'0 fl)l'wal'd of trying" to understll'nd one gallizations but other activities in the "pother. to lealon from one another, t.o church in which young people may 1abo1' t.o!l'et.hel' and to pray tog-ether. If have a part. the livil12' Christ Himsplf is. in these momentous t;mes. p"enarin'" "nd n1annil11! These are some of the most evident " newer. I"r~er. better "Ch"rch" to do results 'Of the summer conference pro- Hi~ wo"k. let us who call HiM Lord i'l gram. Often a delegate, when asked p.ach of On1' Communions. at. least ReeK to <pet re"dy for this I!.'reater thing which will surely one day come to pass.

858

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

what part of the conference has meant possible. Half of these children are most to him, will answer, "I can't ex- not recelvmg Christian education press it, it's the spirit of the confer- through any other agency. ence." So there are results which cannot be expressed, the conference World Alliance Discusses Russia spirit at work in the lives of the young people.-Presbyterian Magazine. THE Management Committee of thr~ World Alliance for Promoting In- Mission PersoDnel ternational Friendship Through the Churches, met at Murren, Switzer- WHILE the number of new mis- land, in September, and included rep- • sionaries ,sailing in 1929 was a resentatives of the national councils 24% increase 'over that for 1928, and of the Alliance in the United States, 48% over the number for 1927-a Australia, Austria, Belgium, Great trend in the right direction-this gain Britain, Bulgaria, Canada, China, does not offset the yearly loss due to Czechoslovakia, Danzig, Denmark, Es- retirement, ill health or death. It is thonia, Finland, France, Germany, estimated that the mission boards .of Greece, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Lett- North America need to send out ap- land, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Porproximately 1,000 new missionaries tugal, Roumania, Spain, Sweden, annually to maintain the present Switzerland. It was certainly no small staffs. achievement to get together so wide a representation. Thirty pel' cent of the number sailing in 1929 are men, 18~~ are mar- The discussions and resolutions ried women and 52S'~ are single dealt wit!). matters of far-reaching imwomen. Sixteen per cent completed portance, but the greatest value of the seminary training, 10~; were physi- meetings lies in bringing togethe" cians and surgeons, and 9;'; nurses. men of "all nations, kindreds, and Nineteen per cen't are going out from tongues," for continued friendly in- Bible or Misionary Training Schools, tercourse and discussion. some of these are also college or university graduates, and 46,/; have had At one of the most valuable sessions college or university training plus Professor Arseniew, a Russian Orthosome experience. Only 7<,; went to dox refugee. gave a moving statement the field under a short-term appoint- of the religious persecution in Rus,sia. ment. It is interesting to note that While in theory freedom of worship the average age of these new mission- is allowed, freedom of propaganda is aries is a little over twenty-eight forbidden and severely punished. On years-actually four-tenths of a year this ground all meetings for the inolder than those sailing in 1928, re- struction of the youn~. all medical aid vealing that the Boards, for the most given by the church, the possession of part, are accepting those with more any religious books except those for training and experience. – Student use in the church services are forbid- Volunteer Bulletin. den. For instance. two priests are serving sentences in Siberia for ad- Establish Foreign Bible Schools vising llTOUpS of young oeople to pre- serve their chll.stity. Churrhes. too, T HE International Association of have been closed in all directions. over Daily Vacation Bible Schools re- 1.500 in .Tanuary anrl February last. ports that jn 1929 it expended $3. – In the early veal'S of t.he Soviet regime 095.46 to plaut. sl:hools throughout OWl' 8.()OO hishops and priests wel'P Brazil, Burma, Czechoslovakia, Gl'ee:.:e, "lit to death. lllal1Y were killed from Ecuador, Egypt and the Sudan. Japan, 192!l-U);~(). The fivp-day week is ex- Korea, Mrxico, Philippine Islands, ('eedinQ'lv hard Oil ChriRti'ln workers, Syria and Palestine. About 1,000 va- who wish to be at the Divine Mvstercati'on Bible schools with an enroll- ies on the Lord's Day. The rights of ment of over 60,000 were thus made citizenship, which include food cards,

are denied not only to priests but to America, formed themselves into a lay members of church councils. The Convention or Local Board, composed campaign of protest inaugurated by largely of native pastors and laymen, the Archibishop of Canterbury and in order to bring about self-support the Pope has given comfort and cour- and self-government in the work. As age to the persecuted and has conti'a- a result, they have become responsible dieted the claims of Bolshevism that for an annual 10 per cent reduction in religion is dead in the rest of Europe. the English allowances, the support • The committee expressed its sym- of some of the national workers, and pathy with all persons suffering for for the maintenance of certain por- their faith in Russia and asked the tions of the work, including the pro- National Councils of the Alliance. to vision 'of traveling expenses for evan- avail themselves of all opportunities gelistic purposes. And-last but not by speech and written word and other least-every church has agreed to give peaceful influences, to arouse the gen- 60 per cent of its income to the spread eral opinion of their nations so as to of the Gospel among its own people. counteract the religious persecutions "If you could see their 'homes and carried on in Russia.-Living Church. surroundings you would stand in awe and wonder," writes one of the mis- LATIN AMERICA sionaries. "We must help them in this great forward movement, for it Education in Mexico is the Lord's doing and marvelous in our eyes."-Christian (London). MEXICO is spending thirty-two million dollars a year for schools Revolution in Argentina. as a part of a nation-wide campaign to reduce illiteracy. Twenty million MORE swiftly than could have been dollars comes from the Federal Gov- foreseen, the revolutionary por- ernment and the rest from the sepa- tents in the Argentine republic de- rate states. The ·state legislatures are veloped into open revolt. With hardly urged to use forty per cent of their any show of resistance, the federal budgets as the minimum for educa- government in Buenos Aires collapsed. tion. Many of the states leave most President Irigoyen, who two years ago of the burden of education to the cen- was swept back into office for a second tral government. The minister of term with the largest popular vote in education, Saenz, says: "An e·special Argentinian history, has been de- effort will be made to strengthen the posed. His associates have been swept secondary schools near the border to from office with him. A revolutionary prevent children from having to go to junta, composed of military hnd naval the United States for their education." officers, is in control. The officers It has been common in EI Paso and who have seized power protest their other border cities for Mexican chil- intention of speedily making way in dren to cross the line for the privilege favor of civilian control, and it may of the American public schools. What- be that the disturbance will pass ever may be the economic effects of quickly. Argentina has been hard hit the Mexican immigration into the by the unemployment wave which is United States, the contacts of Mexi- circling the globe. The masses, who cans with our public schools and had put Irigoyen into office, turned church work is affecting materially against him when he proved unable the attitude of the whole Mexican peo- to relieve their distress. And al- ple toward education and organized re- though few Americans know it, the ligion.-Congregationalist. United States must bear a consider- able portion of the responsibility for Self-support in Argentina. Argentina's present troubles. The em- bargo against the admission of Ar- MORE than five years ago the gentine cattle into this C'ountry, os- churches in Argentina connected with the Evangelical Union of South

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tensibly for hygienic reasons but value, notably ~ocoa, coffee, pineapple, actually in order to protect American citrus fruit, henequin, honey, and wax. cattle growers against the competition Cuba boasts also valuable iron, copper, of the lower cost South American and manganese mines, and considerherds, has had a disastrous effect on able quantities of ores are shipped for business in the Argentine. Unable to smelting in the United States. The find another market for this basic Ar- climate is warm, though not exactly gentinian industry, President Irigoyen tropical. took a marked anti-American attitude and had recently approved a far- Cuba has made great strides indusreaching commercial treaty with Great trially in recent years. The govern- Britain. But the impatient people of ment has started an ambitious his country were not willing to wait program of highway development. Hafor the economic help that the new vana is a fine modern capital, and one treaty might bring. They revolted. of the busiest ports in the new world. But they still have the American em- In 1927, more than 7,403 vessels enbargo with which to reckon. It is an- tered Cuban ports. Cuba is likewise other example of the way in which a one of the biggest tourists' resorts in domestic policy of a nation as power- the world, with 250,000 visitors anful as the United States can affect the nually.-Oliver McKee, Jr., in The Nawelfare of ,distant states.-Christian tional RepUblic. Century. CHINA Revolution in Peru Chinese Family "Rich" With $100 a Year FOR eleven years Peru has been dic- THE average prosperous Chinese tatorially governed by Augusto farmer living in the villages Leguia. The country under his long around Shanghai supports a family dictation has grown restless, until a of six and a fraction members for apfew weeks ago, the army, led by Lt.- proximately $100 a year, in American Col. Luis M. Sanchez Cerro, arose en money, or $360 in Chinese currency. masse, ousted the Leguia regime and The annual living expenses of this established a military dictatorship in class of persons average $57.90 a year its stead. The revolution was prac- in Chinese money, about $16 in Amertically bl'Oodless, and appears to have ican money. received the enthusiastic support of the vast majority of the people. Colo- These astonishing facts are renel Cerro has now become president, vealed in a report made public by the with the promise to reduce taxation, Bureau for Social Affairs, which has restore democratic institutions and just c'Ompleted a survey of landowners, develop Peru's prestige abroad.- part owners of farms and tenant far- Christian Her.ald. mers in what is considered the most prosperous part of China.

Cuba The survey reveals that in this area the size of the average farm is one- CUBA is the largest of the West In- fifth of an EngHsh acre. Thirty-five dies islands, with an area of about per cent of the farmers own their land, 44,164 miles, which makes it approxi- 33.6 are part owners, 31.4 tenants. mately the size of Pennsylvania. It is one of the most densely popUlated A surprisingly high percentage of of the American republics, with about literacy is shown by the report, the seventy-three people per square mile. general average being 23.7 per cent. The republic is famous among other things for the excellence of its tobacco Farm owners are the most literate and sugar, which are the most impor- class, 33 per cent 'Of them being able tant articles of export. Cuba, however, to read and write a little; for part has other agricultural products of owners the percentage runs to 25, while for tenants only 13 per cent.

China'. Woe Christianity Despite Reds and Ban- F OR fifteen years the industrious dits and patient people of that ancient land have suffered to an unbelievable AN EPIC of Christian loyalty and degree. There haR been almoRt unend- ft heroi;:m is being written these ing fighting back and forth across the fields of the farmers, their crops have days in China. One notable chapter been destroyed, and they themselves of that epic will unquestionably conoften impressed in an unwilling mili- cern the work of Bishop Logan H. tary service. Ruthless taxation, stead- Roots in the Central China city of ily depreciating currency, waning Hankow. News from that Commubusiness and declining trade, drought, nist-threatened place records that on flood, pestilence, and earthquake- Ascension Day, two Chinese deacons wave after wave of calamity has swept were ordained to the priesthood. over the peaceful, plodding Chinese Both candidates, says the report, anfarmer and laborer until he has been swered the questions clearly and one reduced to absolute desperation. Mil- felt that in these times they were both lions in certain provinces have actual- offering themselves anew to serve ly starved to death within the past ten their Master in dangerous places facyears, millions of others are even now ing possible martyrdom. Following trying to exist' on the roots and bark the ordination services the two young of trees, millions of others, slightly Chinese preachers made their way better off, have, neverthele·ss, been again into the interior to their preachundernourished for years. They see nothing ahead but the direst struggle ing posts. for existence. During May and June, twenty-nine Then to these millions of oppre,ssed men and twenty-nine women were conand depressed farmers and laborers, firmed by Protestant Episcopal bishops some of whom have already turned in the Hankow area.-Christian He1– bandit, come men, perhaps educated men, who say, "The government offi- ald. cia].s have robbed you, the landlords have cheated you, the gentry and rich A'"T"alling Fallline in Hunan merchants have exploited you! Go, kill them off, and take what they have THE China Famine Relief, N eV'l stolen from you! Set up a govern- York, September 23d, received the ment of farmers and workers, and following cable from its representaforward world revolution!" Does it tives in China: sellm a strange thing under existing conditions in China that these propa- CIVIL DISORDER HAS CAUSED gandists should find a ready hearing APPALLING CONDITIONS IN HOamong the many simple folk who are NAN INVOLVING FIFTY COUNground under a pitiless poverty? TIES WITH ONE AND ONE-THIRD MILLION PEOPLE. IF THE PRES- Dr. Sun and other Chinese leaders ENT MILITARY REVISION REhave ·said that Communism would SULTS IN STABILIZING THAT never succeed in China, that it is not AREA AS WE THINK PROBABLE, suited to the national temper and tra- LARGER RELIEF UNDERTAKINGS ditional social organization. However WILL BE NECESSARY. BUT REthat may be, one sometimes fears to- LIEF WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE WITHday that the wish is father to the OUT CONSIDERABLE FUNDS AND thought, for Communism is actually ADVANCE NOTICE. AVAILABLE spreading like a prairie fire in the land FUNDS ARE ONE-TENTH OF of Han.-Rev. Edmund L. Souder, WHAT IS NECESSARY FOR THE Hankow, in The Living Church. NEED IN SHENSI.

-Baker-Djang.

A Missionary Enthusiast I N CHINA there are to be seen on its rivers or in its villages cer- tain Chinese evangelists, moving in groups. They are known as the "Clark bands," and the training and support of them have been made pos- sible through the generosity of Mr.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Sidney Clark, who died in August One day I took an hour to inspect after a long iIlne,ss. Sidney Clark was some of the shops, most of which were an unusually successful man of busi- filled with native products, but hunness, who brought the same insight dreds of them were well stocked with and vigor into hi,s service of missions foreign goods. . . . The world Reem~ which he had shown in his business. to be a neighborhood, and others be- He gave most generously to the L. M. sides missionaries seem to be interfer- S. and to the "World Dominion" ac- ing with old customs and life in China. tivities. But his service was not -James H. Franklin in The Watchlimited in giving his wealth; he trav- man Examiner. eled widely and saw mission fields for himself. He had strong convictions JAPAN-KOREA upon the right methods to be followed in missionary work. The fostering of A New Venture in Mission Journalan indigenous church was a passion with him, and he had also a great con- "Tism cern for survey, for the more scien- HE Kingdom of God Weekly." tific and economical use of missionary This is the name of a wellforces in the field. printed illustrated family newspaper that made its appearance the first of A Notable Ohinese City the year and has been continually growing in influence since then. Each THE city of Chengtu, with an esti- number contains in addition to a mated population of 600,000, is weekly sermon, a serial by Toyohiko surrounded by a great stone wall per- Kagawa, articles on Christian art and haps ten miles long whose gates are nature study, and an attractive page closed at night just as in the old days, for children. This weekly has at In two hours and twenty minutes from present a circulation of over 20,000, Yachow by bus we had covered the and se]).s in quantities at one sen a distance usually traveled in two days copy. It is largely used by workers by chair. It was evident that here in the KingdoIll of God campaign, in the far West we had found a great some Christian schools subscribing city. Within the last seven or eight for as many as 300 to 500 copies.- years every street has been paved, and The Christian Century. there are miles of wide thoroughfares, bordered by modern ,shops selling the Interview 'With Rev. Akira Ebi8awa, wares of the world besides China's silks, rice and other products. Elec- Secretary of the National Christric lights as well as petroleum lamps are in use on the same streets where "Ptian Council of Japan lights are made with reed~fiber wicks LEASE teIl me just how Chrisand vegetable oil in earthen pots. Sev- tianity, in your opinion, is supeeral daily newspapers are published in rior to other Japanese religions?" Chengtu, but reliable news from the outside world is scant. Telegraph "Principally in its dynamic power. lines run in ,several directions. The Buddhism wants you to sink away into military headquarters operate radio nothing. Shintoism is a dead ritual. stations both for receiving and send- Confucianism is a system of ethics ing messages. And now an ice fac- without any religious basis. Christory is at work. All this in a city tianity helps you to make the most ·of 1,650 miles from the ,sea-coast-more your life. Its phHosophy makes huthan a thousand miles from the near- man life worth something. It gives est railway-SOO miles from steamship an adequate motive for progress. service except in summer when motor Other religions have no one like launches come within 120 miles of the Christ." capital. "As head of the National Christian Council of Japan, do you see much hope for closer Christian harmony be- tween churches?"

"We are much enc'Ouraged. Ten de- faur teachers who had given twentynominations – the Congregationalist, five years or more of service in that Methodist, Reformed, Presbyterian, institution. One of the most hon'Ored L u the ran, Protestant Episcopal, was Mary Florence Denton, f'Or f'Orty United Brethren, Christian, Disciples, years under the American Board, who and Baptist-have agreed upon an in- in 1928 retired on the field. "A naformal basis for union, but we must tional treasure among educationalists wait for annual meetings to confirm of Kyoto," is how President Gintaro the actions taken by leaders. Our lay- Daikuhara of the Doshisha charactermen in general are in favor of the ized Miss Denton, and he added that union, but ministers are afraid 'Of un- as president of the Dashisha and a emplayment and the lass of denomina- citizen 'Of Japan he wished to express tional heritages and convictions. Our "heartfelt appreciation to the people study of the Canadian experiment of America who sent a great missianteaches us, however, that neither .of ary like Miss Denton to Japan." "I these fears is justified. Expanding wish," said Mr. Castle, "that there wark and specialization will absorb were more missianaries like Miss Denministers, and denominational empha- ton."-Missionary Herald. sis on certain beliefs may be preserved within the united churches." A Great Benefactor "What hope is there for a rapid VISCOUNT SAITO, Governor-Genspread of Christianity in Japan in the eral of Seoul, Korea, gave a farenear future?" well dinner to Dr. and Mrs. Horatio B. Newell, veteran missionaries now "We cannot hape for a mass move- in America to retire with 43 years of ment such as we have seen in India service t'O their credit. "The Rev. Dr. and China in certain periads. Our Newell," said the Seoul Press in repeaple do nat respand quickly to emo- porting the dinner, "is a great benetional appeals. University prestige factor to the Christian work of the and national traditians suppart the Empire…. He has devoted the best other religions, giving them respect- part of his life to the propagation of able standing. But when a Japane·se the Gaspel in Japan and Chosen; he is converted, he usually stands true has been in our midst 45 years and is regardless of cast. We have no 'rice laoked up to by all. We take this oc- Christians' amang our 250,000 fol- casion to express our deep gratitude lawers of Jesus. and great respect for Dr. Newell for his long devated service on behalf of "Just the same, the outlook for the the spiritual work here."-Missionary immediate future is bright. The gov- Herald. ernment has recently taken a very favorable attitude toward Christianity Christian Literature Society of Korea as a means of checking the spread 'Of Bolshevism. Even the public schools T HE Christian Literature Society of are now open to Christian influences. Korea faces the future with more Beginning next January, we are to assurance than ever before in its hiscelebrate the seventieth anniversary tory 'Of farty fruitful years. Two out- 'Of the founding of Japanese Christian standing signs of progress are apparmissions by ,starting a three-year ent. First, there is greater cooperaevangelistic campaign. The time is tion with the native churches. The now ripe for such a movement."- control of the Society is vested in a Carl Knudsen in The Congregational- board composed of representatives seist. lected by the membership, by seven mission boards and by the Presby- Ambassador Honors Miss Denton terian and Methodist native church courts. Today we have six Korean UNITED States Ambassador W. R. trustees and hope soon to elect more. Castle spake in Kyoto, Japan, at a ceremony in the Doshisha honoring

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The Society is the only such organiza- Many times I have felt like Shouting tion in Korea for the production of "Hallelujah!" when after a hard day's an adequate Christian literature, and trek in the bush, by evening time, I it has the full support of all the bodies have sat down before the camp fire, which are members of the Federal the only white man, t'Ogether with Council in Korea. black men and women, and heard the The second sign of progress is the testimony of my schoolboys, and have splendid building which is now being seen souls come out from sin into the erected under the supervision of Mr. wonderful freedom in Christ Jesus.

M. L. Swinehart, of the Southern You people at home, who never Presbyterian Mission. Last year Mr. have had the chance to see dark eyes Swinehart returned from America lighted up with the H'Oly Spirit, have after having raised about $70,000 for missed much. I have seen it many a new building for the Society. times, and it thrills me and buoys me Nothing is more important in mis- up, as nothing else can do.

sion work in Korea than to provide The newest Gospel song travels for the rising generation an adequate faster from village to village in the Christian literature. The books, jungle of Africa than the latest mur- tracts, and periodicals produced by the der case of Chicago travels through Society have been uniformly sound the States.-Rev. John E. Brastrup in and. evangelical. Thus far Korea has The Christian Advocate.

been spared the evils of strife and controversy among Christian leaders. Open Doors in Nigeria.

A With the training of tens of thousands MONG the many open doors for the Gospel in the Niger, West Africa, of students in both mission and g'OVernment schools it is the more impera- one is at Enugu Ezeke, the most tive that the new problems created northerly town in Southern Nigeria, thereby be anticipated and solved as and containing more than 40,000 in- far as possible. To this end the habitants. Yet there is no church printed page is indispensable.-W. M. within many miles. The chief has ap- Clark in The Presbyterian Sllrvey. pealed for a teacher and has under- AFRICA taken to begin building a church and An African l![issionary Speaks school at once. One 'Of the senior I FOUND some of God's good people teachers in the district is to be sent with splendid black -skin and stl'ong to ()pen up work there. Rev. H. H.

Daws, of the C. M: S., has made an sound bodies sitting down in filthy, extensive tour of this region and dirty small huts far away from civi- visited Makurdi, where the longest lization in the heart of Africa. bridge in Africa is in Course of erec- I gave them soap to shine them up tion, and held a service for Europeans -I gave them medicine to kill the -the first of its kind. Thirty-three germs. I coached them to sweep all Europeans attended, and the collec- the dirt away. without and within. I tion, amounting to £4, was put in the threw off my coat and showed them bank as the nucleus of a Makurdi how to make bricks and burn them. European Church Fund.

in order to build strong houses in the place of the small dirty huts in which Abyssinia A they used to live. I taught them to UNIQUE coronation has just taken place in the country now make straight paths, so they came to laugh at all the crooked paths they universally known through the Postal had made before. Union as Ethiopia. Ras Tafari, who What fun I have had in all the years has for years acted as Regent while I have spent in Africa, helping to the country has had a nominal Em- build for the black man a worth-while press, has been crowned king of all world! 5 the kings of Ethiopia. All the great

nations of the world sent representa- We all have been impressed afresh tives to be present at the coronation. with the wisdom of the decision to Ethiopia claims to be an uncon- continue the closely cooperative rela- querEd kingdom. It is the only nation tionship in Angola between the United in Africa, save Liberia, that has not Church of Canada and American Board.

been brought under white dominion. The Angola field now occupied by This kingdom succeHsfully resisted the the joint mission covers some 75,000 onslaughts of Mohammed and the square miles. There are seven sta- armies that followed beneath his flag. tions and one more has been decided While they conquered Egypt and all upon. This field with its population North Africa, and for a time threat- of about 2,500,000 blacks is mainly a ened to overrun the whole of Europe, high plateau 6,000 feet above sea level, Abyssinia in its impregnable fast- a relatively healthy country. It re- nesses held out against the invaders mind~ one of the Colorado and New and held fast its Christian tradi- Mexico country.

tions. These people, racially, are The Jubilee was held at Bailundo, different from all the other races of the first station occupied by the Mis- Africa; and while there has been an sion fifty years ago. The carefully intermingling on the borders of their wrought program of the Jubilee pro- kingdom, there seems to be a pure vided for ten crowded days. These in- stock in the Amharic race, which has cluded a historical pageant in »ine kept free from' intermingling with the episodes and twenty scenes; a series negroid peoples. of six conferences, two memorable ses- As Haila Salasi takes up the reins sions given over to memories of ear- of government, he should have not lier days, the rendition of the cantata only the well wishes of all the other of Esther by a chorus of 540; and a nations but, especially, the prayers of summary of the work of each station all Christians. He stands as a Chris- and of the work in Angola by chosen tian ruler, the political head of the representatives.

Coptic Church, which is the State The great throng of 12,000 or more Church of that land. He comes with made a colorful and impressive audi- much enlightenment and with wisdom, ence, intent, quickly responsive, sing- gleaned during his occupancy of the ing with enthusiasm, easily controlled, .second place in the kingdom, in the To see it disperse, streaming up the governing of the many tribes within hill after a meeting, was a never-fail- his domain. If he can be given a 'free ing attraction. To see it in a vast hand, his whole influence will be for unity was thrilling. Its size, orderli- the enlightenment of his people and ness and unity impressed aIl~visitors, the advance of civilization throughout Portuguese residents, miSSIOnaries the whole country.~R. V. Bingham in and natives alike. If the Jubilee had The Evangelica./. Chri.9tian. been planned to show Christianity's The Angola Jubilee strength in Angola, its purpose would adequately have been achieved. No THE .small group from the United one single event was more impressive States which made the long voyage than the great Sunday morning comto Angola in order to be present at munion service conducted by the rethe fiftieth anniversary of the found- cently ordained pastors in this opening of the West Central Africa Mis- air sanctuary.~Frank Knight Sanders sion to the Ovimbundu people returns in The Missiorwry Herald. with impression.s both numerous and varied. Its members certainly realize, NORTH AMERICA as never before, what it costs in blood Missionary Wild Geese J and tears, in patience, prayer and ACK MINER, in Ontario, Canada, learned to make friends of the wild pluck to found and carryon a real mission enterprise. geese which flew over his home, and

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began putting metal tags on their legs, The famous organization of Bible in order to know them when they re- worn e n w h i c h conducts classes turned. It then occurred to him that throughout the metropolitan area in- he could make them his messengers . cluding organized classes for high by stamping a Bible text on every tag. school and business girls, extension So every spring Mr. Miner catches work with boys and shop men, prac- hundreds of wild geese, and every one tical student work in homes, hospitals carries away a verse of Scripture on and jails are high points in a varied its little metal band. Many a lonely evangelistic program.

hunter or trapper who has shot a goose The Bible Institute in China at for his dinner must find the Bible Changsha, Hunan Province, is sup- message, for the geese fly into far re- ported by the Los Angeles Institute.

gions, where there are neither As this article is being written the churches nor preachers. main buildings at Changsha are oc- Los Angeles Bible Institute cupied by the Communists. In the recent sacking of that city Dr. Frank THE Bible Institute of Los Angeles Keller, Superintendent, has reported celebrates its twenty-fifth anni- that none of the Institute's personnel versary this fall. It was founded by was harmed-only the buildings occu- Lyman Stewart, founder of the Union pied. He confidently expects the Oil Company of California, in con- Communists to be driven out so that junction with'Dr. T. C. Horton, and the Institute may resume its activities represents an outgrowth of the Fish- this falL-G. L. Ferris, Director.

ermen's Club, a Bible class organized Youth Challenge to the Church in Immanuel Presbyterian Church of Los Angeles. Today its magnificent ACHALLENGE to the whole Church building, representing an investment to lend its support in the enlistof $2,500,000, stands in the very heart ment of 100,000 young men to advance of Los Angeles' great business dis- the cause of Christ was issued as the trict. It stands unique-an embodi- climax of the annual convention of the ment of a spiritual ideal, the mate- Junior Brotherhood 'of St. Andrew of rialized dream of a man who had the United States, at Oberlin College, achieved earthly success but knew that August 26 to 29. only the things which are unseen are eternal. The challenge came in the findings of the convention, the approximately There is no country in the world 400 young men in attendance issuing that has not been touched by the bless- such as an indication of their spiritual ing of Biola. It has but one foundation sincerity. They asserted their "confor all its work-the Bible; it knows fidence in the youth of our Church," no distinction of race nor creed, "save and expressed the belief that young Jesus Christ and Him crucified." Its people today generally crave a larger educational method is profoundly spiritual life. practical. Each and every student is required to practice as well as learn. As evidence of our sincerity in these matters, we challenge the whole Epis- Some conception of the variety of copal Church to an active interest in Bible Institute activities is found in and support of a movement to enlist the more than thirty separate under- 100,000 young men in the United States takings in which the executive staff in a new vision of their spiritual opporor the students share. This includes, tunities and responsibilities. We would besides the Bible Collegiate Course, be 100,000 strong for Christ! … other specialized courses, evening school for church leaders, correspond- In conclusion, we reassert our confience courses, Bible conferences, and dence in the youth of our Church; we evangelistic meetings for the churches. voice its craving for a larger spiritual life, and we pledge to the Church our whole-hearted cooperation and interest in the hope that we may be of assistance in bringing the Church to her rightful position in the nation and in the world.

With nearly 400 delegates from SChODl for colored boys and girls in forty-two dioceses of the Church in at- Alabama, and also for student mission- tendance, the session was ,said to be ary work, whereby the services 'Of the the largest outpouring of the young students 'Of bDth seminaries are uti- manhood of the Church in years.- lized. Living Church. As a result of a century's work, the Refonned Church in America Cele- Board today has a little over a million dollars invested in real estate and brates buildings 0 c cup i e d as churches, schDols, parsonages, etc.-Christian 'I"HE Board of Domestic Missions of Intelligencer. the Reformed Church in America is celebrating its first one hundred The Gospel in the Mountains of Vir- years of service in the period begin- , ning with June 1, 1930, and extending ginia to May 31, 1931. As an evidence of appreciation 'On the part of the de- AGREAT work remains to be done nomination, and in 'Order that the am'Ong the mountain people of B'Oard may continue its w'Ork, the Gen- southwestern Virginia. Back there in eral Synod has authorized it to secure the mountains are thousands who are the sum of $100,000 above the usual hungering 'for the Word. Some of contributions from the churches. them have heard a few sermons-just enough to know a little of Christ's To most readers it will be a sur- love for them and to make them hun- prise to learn that out of the 738 sepa- gry to know more. With just this rate, existing churches on the roll of little bit of knowledge 'Of the Master General Synod, 566 have at some time there are some who have such a firm, or other been aided by the B'Oard, fi- true faith and love for Him that it nancially, either at their inception or makes those of us who have had so during some period of stringency. A much more feel very humble. Then plain deduction from this fact is that there are thDse who have never heard if there had been no Board of Domes- 'Of Him, or at least never heard enough tic Missions the Reformed Church in to have Him mean anything to them. America might today be composed of only 172 churches. The figure, 566, The people are farmers and very. does not state the whole number of very poor. It is necessary for them aided churches, 'for there are scores to work very hard in order to obtain of enterprises which the B'Oard has any reward at all 'for their labors, be- aided that have fallen out 'Of the ranks cause they have only the steep hill- because of 'Obstacles of one sort or sides to cultivate and no flat fields. another. All of the people became very much Today the Board is working in six- interested in the school opened for teen states, with outstations in Can- three weeks and every day there were ada, the Virgin Isles and Mexico, and ,some older people there to visit us. is also cooperating in a movement in The children had had very little Bible the Canal Zone. Last year the Board study before we came; it seemed that aided 215 churches in varying sums, they had had none. The older people, supplementing in many cases the small too, knew little about the Bible, but salaries raised on the fields. These some were consecrated Christians. churches reported 19,145 communi- Their prayers were always most sin- cants and 22,860 scholars in the Sun- cere and they always prayed for us in day schools. From these churches a way that made us feel very un- there were added 1,736 new members, worthy 'Of the great trust that had 'Of whom 936 came on confession of been placed upon us. faith. The homes of the mountain people In addition to this church wDrk the are very different in appearance. Board is respDnsible for the Brewton Those alDng the road are small, neat frame houses which are usually

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painted. Those back from the road- villages for vacation they take to their isolated farther back in the mountains people the songs, Bible stories and les- -are made of logs or plain, unpainted sons which they have learned in the lumber and are small. school. and many of them return at The children of these different kinds the next semester bringing friends of homes, too, are different. Those and relatives. So we feel that the ed- living along the road are more likely dying ripples of our school life are to accept new things and are not so ever widening into greater circles of shy with strangers as those back far- infiuence.-Lottie Stevenson in Wom- ther in the mountains. But all of en and Missions.

the children are real children and are not very different from other children Revivals on Indian Fields T the world over, except that they ma- HE Western Oklahoma Indian As- sociation was held this summer ture earlier.-Helen E. Pfatteicher in near Greenfield in the Arapaho coun- The Lutheran. try. Thirteen were baptized from the School Clubs in Alaska Aarapaho and Cheyenne tribes. Noth- WHEN Miss Edna R. Voss, secre- ing like this in relation to these two tary of the Division of Schools tribes has been noted within recent and Hospitals of the Board of Na- years. The influence of the Mormons tional Missions of the Presbyterian on these Indians is waning, it is re- Church, U. S. A., visited Sheldon ported. Fifty-four baptisms on the Jackson School and learned of the club Crow fields have occurred so far this program, she said, "Why have you year, the largest number that has kept so quiet about it? We have heard characterized a single year since the nothing of what you have been do- work among the Crows began more ing!" The answer to this question than 25 years ago. Ten are still was that there was a need to find out awaiting baptism. The Crow Indian whether such a program would work Ass'ociation was held at "Three Tree before beginning to write about it. Camp," twenty miles from Crow The program has worked, and Miss Agency. John White Man Runs Him, Voss wishes to tell how the plan is the son of the last survivor of the six carried out. scouts who led Custer to the Sioux The entire staff of supervisors and camp on the Little Bighorn, was the classroom teachers in the school, real- moderator.-Watchman Examiner.

izing the need of opportunities for pupils to make choices for themselves INDIA and to learn how to make use of their Missionaries Rejoice in New Indian "WE leisure time, decided that a club pro-Marriage Law gram might help to solve these prob- ARE greatly rejoiced in the lems. passage of the new Marriage At the beginning of the first period Bill for India," reports the Rev. R. F.

there were the following clubs: For Faucett, from Ballia, India. "It has boys, first aid, debating, boy scouts; changed the marriage laws so that for girls, home nursing, felt craft; girls may not marry befOre fourteen for both boys and girls, soap carving, years of age and the boys sixteen painting, school paper, and four dra- years. That is not where it ought to matic clubs. Glee, travel, girl scouts be, but it is higher than it has ever and cooking clubB have been added been before. It has raised the age since. of marriage only one year over what Notwithstanding all the problems it was before for the girl, but it has and difficulties-failures, even-the put a heavy fine and also imprisnn-· school is a happy, busy horne for ten ment for disregard of the law and months in the year for the children that is the great thing. Heretofore gathered there. When they go to their they would marry at any age, but now

there is a fixed limit below which they agricultural occupation, living in the may not go. half million villages of India.

"The fine thing about this is that In the whole of India there are but it was almost entirely the efforts of thirty-three towns that have populaenlightened Indians, Hindus and Mo- tions over 100,000. It is in these hammedans. They found great oppo- places that for the most part are sition in their efforts to make this found the educated minority. law from among the reactionaries, but it went over by the help of the women There are over a dozen principal and the progressive Indians, with the languages, to say nothing of more assistance in the last instance of the than two hundred vernacular langovernment. When the vote came it guages, and in many cases these verwon with a great majority. naculars belong to different families of speech and are entirely incompre· "This is one of the by-products of hensible to people living in different the work of missions in India. It is parts of the country. As far as Enga direct bit of legislation following lish is concerned, not more than sixthe Mother India by Miss Mayo, which teen males and two females in every stirred the people so much at the time. thousand understand it. It also made England change her law of the age of marriage to sixteen To this confusion 'Of tongues and years for the girl, by recent legisla- immensity of areas and population tion. must be added a diversity of races and religions, a diversity which leads "Not that they were having many unhappily to constant tension amI cases of marriage at that age, but it sDmetimes to violent antagonisms.- was the law that they might marry at Sir John Simon, Interdew in The New fourteen years of age up to the first York Times. of the year. "None Who Did Not Hear About "There was quite an effort on the part of some Indians to get the age Jesus" raised to eighteen years for the girl, but that would have been quite im- THE Christians of India have possible at this time. It will come in adopted the mela idea and are holdtime, as the people now feel that their ing in various parts of the country early marriages are one reason for great yearly assemblies for praise, their lack of progressiveness as a na- prayer, fellowship and spiritual retion. The things that came out in the newing. Writing of one such assemopposition fully justified the startling bly, called a Christian Jattra, a corstatements of Miss Mayo." – The respondent of the Indian Witness tells Christian Advocate. 'Of a gathering of more than 1,500 persons which lasted three days. Non- Complications of the India. Problem Christians were invited. Witnessing for Christ was the leading feature of T HERE is in some quarters a strong the gathering. The news of the temptation to pronounce opinions Jattra was widespread and there was on the future of Indian government none who did not hear abDut Jesus. on v,ery general grounds, without suf- If they fDrget all about the Jattra proficiently considering what the problem cedure at least they can remember two really is and what the difficulties are words, "Jesus-Saviour." The motto to be overcome. 'Of the Jattra is, "That we might by all means save ,some."-Missionary Link. We are dealing with a densely populated part of the earth of some 1,800,- Money Talks (l00 square miles, twenty times the area of Great Britain, and containing THE Government of India has just a fifth of the population of the whole sanctioned a grant of 152,000 world. The bulk of this population is rupees (over ,$50,000) tD be spent in illiterate and follows its traditional five years upon five boarding schools

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in the Madura Mission 'Of the Amer- the welfare of the people of India, would ican Board of Commissioners for For- give one-hundredth of the time that miseign Missions. The Department of sionaries give to work for the benefit of Education is one of the divisions of these people, and would give one-tenth of the money which missionaries sacri- fice for the country, then these critics government which have been commit- would have some claim to speak and be ted into Indian hands. The grant, listened to with respect. All this does therefore, comes with the assent and not mean that missionaries or missions approval of Indian officIals. This sum are above criticism. It simply means is to match a similar amount that has that I have the greatest admiration for been raised in recent years from the devotion, the earnestness, and the American friends of the Mission, and intelligence of the missionaries in India. means that at each of these five cen- -Missionary Voice.

ters of work where selected boys and WESTERN ASIA 'fHE girls of promise from all the mission Protestanta in Egypt area are gathered for training, there Church in Egypt grows apace. will now be provided cottages for the There are now 20,200 communigirls, new dormitories fQr the boys, cants in the churches between Alexsick rQoms, manual training sheds and andria and the Sobat River in Sudan, kitchens, besides new schoQlhQuses; and a Protestant community of from that is, each will be furnished with . 50,000-60,000. There are 451 centers adequate and well equipped schQQ! of preaching-some of these being lo- plants. cated in private homes. Ordained min- The securing 'Of this large grant ister~ rtumber 117. In Cairo ten con- without qualification, after study of gregations have their own pastors, the plans, is particularly gratifying, and five are entirely self-supporting. as it evidences the government's con- There are 281 Sunday ,schools with fidence in a.nd appreciation of mission 23,683 pupils.-Congregationalist. schoQls and their work. It is in line with the statements of the Simon Christia.n Literature iD Persia T Commission in its epochal report, as HE report of the Intermission Lit- erature Committee of Persia for tQ the splendid service which missions have rendered to India. That the the year of its activities recently grant shQuld be made in this turbulent ended records considerable progress period indicates that the government in the provision and circulation of regards missionaries and their under- Persian Christian literature. The takings as welcome and prQfitable Committee has issued seventeen pub- forces in the land, and as having a lications during the year under re- growing opPQrtunity. – Missiona1'!J view, five of them being major books Herald. and the rest pamphlets and tracts.

Dr. Butterfield Praises Missionaries After many years of preparation and some three years of press work the D R. KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD largest publication yet attempted has has been in India for some been issued-the illustrated Persian months studying the problems of rural Bible Dictionary. The actual sales of education and preparing recommenda- books and tracts show a rapid intions for the future. He recently crease. The Committee was organized made a comment concerning the cur- in 1925, and the figures for that and rent criticism of missionaries, which succeeding years are as follows: 1925for directness and timeliness can 26, 2,500; 1926-27, 13,200; 1927-28, hardly be surpassed. As quoted by 21,700; 1928-29, 33,400; 1929-30, the review of the National Christian 47,550. Council 'Of India, he said: One of the chief distributors of this If the Europeans and Americans who literature is a Persian convert, Mancriticize the missionaries would give one- soor Sang, known as the "Christian thousandth part of the time which mis- dervish." He is believed still to be on a sionaries give to solid thinking about

tour begun a year ago, and has worked condition. Prominent among the inhis way right across northern Persia stitutions furthering this work is the in his double capacity of itinerant den- Central School for Girls in Bagdad tist and colporteur. This man has which, in addition to instructing traveled from northwest Persia south younger pupils, trains women to beto Kermanshah through Kurdistan, come teachers and to carryon the where he was in danger of death sev- educational work in the future. A eral times. From these he made his report of this school's progress is way through Hamadan to Isfahan, given by Mrs. A. B. Kjelland Kerr, Shiraz, Kerman and Yezd.-Church an American woman who organized Overseas. the normal department of the school, and who is now in this country on Our Veterans in the Near East Ca.m.- leave.

pa.ign The girls' school was organized in 1922, according to Mrs. Kerr, and in AN UNUSUALLY interesting news the first month seven girls ventured dispatch from Istanbul was printed to enroll. At the end of the year recently in the New York Times: forty were in attendance. The train- ing college, which five years ago The old guard of American mission- numbered seven students, now has an aries in Turkey is laying down its work enrollment of 100, and the course exof many years and returning home. Re- tends over a period of three years. tirements this summer in the American Board of Foreign Missions include a EUROPE number of missionaries who have worked in Turkey for almost half a century. Dutch Leader Describes Europea.n Dr. and Mrs. J. P. McNaughton, of Youth Washington, D. C., who came to Turkey in 1887, and since then have directed AT A luncheon given by the Federal missions and schools in different parts Council of Churches, Dr. Visser of Anatolia, are among those retiring. T'Hooft, a student leader of Holland, and secretary of the World Student Others are Miss Anna B. Jones, of Christian Federation, described the Greenville, Ohio, who has been here for present trend among the youth of forty years; Miss Elizabeth Webb, a European countries. woman of seventy, who has taught in Adana for forty-four years and who will Ten years ago the keynote of the now go to Beirut, Syria, to live with her youth movement in Germany and in sevsister, Miss Mary Webb, who also gave eral other European countries was free forty years of her life to mission work self-expressionism, as a protest against and who retired last year; and Miss any form of authority. Today, the Charlotte Willard, of Carleton College, thoughtful youth of Europe are aware Minnesota, who has been with the Amer- that freedom is too negative a thing to ican Mission in Merzifoun since 1897. serve as a commanding goal and they are looking for some positive and au- These veteran missionaries have had thoritative ideal to which they can dediwithin the last few years to readjust cate their lives. Nationalism, on the their mission work .to meet the seculariz- one hand, and Communism, on the other, ing orders of the new Turkish Govern- both get their strength from the absoment, which placed a taboo on religious luteness of the ideal which they set up. instruction in Turkish and foreign The Church can meet such a situation schools. only by holding up an ideal which is still more commanding and better able to All who follow the work of the elicit the loyalties of youth. American Board in Turkey know how successfully this readjustment has Unemp1oym.ent in England been made. The retirement of these veterans is not because of the new GREAT BRITAIN is spending $13 conditions, but in due course after a second, or $46,800 an hour, to notable success in a lifetime of serv- feed, clothe and house the needy memice.-Congregationalist. bers of the country's army of unem- ployed. This figure is based on the Ira.q Girl.' School THE Kingdom of Iraq is making an effort to educate its children and especially to improve their physical

19301 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

expenditure of more than $400,000,000 land, so that when it has been pub- a year in doles. One-sixth of Eng- . lished, according to law, in each land's 12,000,000 industrial workers church, the date for the assembly can are idle. With winter approaching the be regularly fixed. Meantime, one efforts of Prime Minister J. Ramsey controversial question that seemed MacDonald's labor government to help likely to cause much debating in this the situation apparently so far have assembly has happily been put in the proved ineffective.-Watchman Exam- way of proper solution.

iner. The Roman Church of Poland, it will be remembered, claimed owner- Forced to Auctien Treasures ship of a large number of churches HARD times have hit the Lutheran in the land, and had commenced legal church at Nagyszeben, Transyl- proceedings in the matter. Both vania, Rumania, with such force, ac- parties have now agreed to refer this cording to the Hungarian Lutheran difficult matter to arbitration by con- Press Service, that it has been neces- sent, a commission being appointed sary for the congregation to offer at by the agreement of both parties to auction the historic treasures which hear and determine each case. That have been accumulated throughout the agreement should have been come several centuries. Without the sup- . to thus is a matter that reflects credit port of the state the congregation on the authorities of both churches.- finds it impossible to raise enough W. A. Wigram in The Living Church.

money privately to maintain its schools, teachers and inner mission Baptisms in Ronmania A activities. T THE annual meeting of the Among the antiques put up for sale Southern Baptist Convention in are rugs, altar paintings, bells, com- May, report was made that there had munion cups and ecclesiastical gar- been 4,925 baptisms in Roumania dur- ments richly brocaded in gold, all ing the preceding year, the largest dating back many years and highly number ever reported from a single treasured for their historic signifi- field in a year to the Foreign Board cance. Experts declared that the vest- of the denomination. In the past ten ments were made in Florence during years the number of Baptists in Rou- the fifteenth century and were brought mania has grown from 15,000 to to Nagyszeben by the Saxonians in nearly 44,000.

Transylvania who at that time main- tained active business relations with CompUlsory Edncation in ltussia northern Italy. At the time of the I T IS reported that for the first time Reformation these Roman Catholic in the history of Russia compulvestments were not put in museums S{)ry education will be introduced in as was customary in some lands, but that country this fall. All children between the ages of eight and fifteen were reserved by the church for use will be forced to go to school. Sixty on important festival days, this cus- thousand additional teachers will be tom being maintained until the close required, many of whom will be Comof the nineteenth century.

munists. Instruction will be based General Church Assembly of Poland largely on the teachings of Marx, to Meet Engels, and Lenin. Under such in- AMERICANS will be interested in struction it will not be long until all .ll. hearing that the decree for the of Russia's children will be Commu- gathering of the "General Church A.a- nists. One shudders as he thinks of sembly" of the Orthodox Church of what the results of the new "cultural Poland has been issued with the en- revolution" may have on the rest of dorsement of the president of that the world.-1Vatchman Examiner.

Religion in Germany Meanwhile, churches will continue to close, not because there is overt FRANCIS E. CLARK stated, before persecution but because the govern- his death, that Germany was carry- ment places a tax load upon them ing out his ideals for Christian En- which many cannot bear. In a cerdeavor better, possibly, than any other tain little village, the church, numbercountry. The vastness and spiritual- ing twenty families, must pay a tax ity of the Eighth World's Christian of $200 and the priest must give an Endeavor Convention recently con- additional $50 of his income of $150 cluded in Berlin lends illumination to to the government. Furthermore his its founder's statement…. Pietism children are denied access to the highstill reaches deeply into the life of er ,schools and he must purchase his Germany. The land of Spener, food dearly, as he cannot enter the Franke, and Zinzendorf is not without government stores where food is sold its modern mysticism. Most Ameri- cheaply. From the standpoint of the cans are aware of the intense increase government he is a pariah and a death of the pietistic strain in recent Ger- sentence would in many instances be many. Karl Barth and his followers kinder than the fate allotted to him. are decidedly inAuential. Theirs is no small part in arousing German cour- The new Russia is robust and vitally age to face the disillusion and general alive but, as in other instances of hisdistrust of religion, which has fol- tory, its vitality is shot through with lowed as a backwash of the World brutality, and the vengeance it takes War. This pietistic element was upon every representative and symbol thrust vividly into the foreground of of the old order must chill the ardor the World Convention.-Ewurt Ed- with which one would like to praise mund Turner in the Christian Cen- its achievements. There is justice in tury. revolutions when seen from a distant and historic perspective, but seen in Russian Persecution of Religion the immediate instance, the brutality of revolutions freezes the soul.-Rein- T HERE is no prospect of a change hold Niebuhr in The Christian Cen- in the attitude of the Russian gov- tury. ernment toward religion. It is rooted in Marxian dogmatism and on that ISLANDS rock many waves will break. The change of front toward the churches Another Bit of ROlllance last March was merely the victory of the majority group in the party SEND 500 COMPLETE GILBERTS which believes that religion will die BIBLES. STEAMER LEAVES a natural death if its revival is not SYDNEY MAY. LONDON MISencouraged through persecution, over SION, BERU, GILBERT ISLAND. the minority group which would like to kill religion at all costs. In spite What a thrill comes from ·these of official disclaimers, there is some words! They formed a radio message evidence that the world-wide protest sent on February 27 from the far against the persecution 0 f the Pacific islands and received at the churches helped to produce a change Bible House, New York, the next day. in policy. In this matter communist Heretofore, it has taken from four strategists are, as they imagine, very months to half a year for such an realistic. They are convinced that order for Scriptures to travel from they will ultimately have war with the Gilbert Islands to the Bible House. the rest of the world, but they do not Think of the romance for these islandwant it now while their industry is ers and their missionaries, hitherto just in the building and unavailable dependent for contact with the outer for military purposes, world on the call of one or, at most, two ships a year, and now in hourly

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

comunication with that outer world and amass great wealth. In the chief by radio. cities of Java, Batavia, Bandoeng and This whole matter of the Scriptures Surabaya, self – supporting Chinese in the language of the Gilbert Islands churches have been planted but wide is full of romance. When young work of Chinese evangelism through- Hiram Bingham, Jr., son of Hiram out the islands is urgent. In Borneo, Bingham, pioneer missionary to the Moslem merchants in contact with the Sandwich Islands, set sail with his Dyaks are rapidly winning them for wife in 1857, it took these pioneers, their faith and numerous villages have in a little 156-ton ship, a good part of wholly embraced Islam.-World Do- a year to reach their destination, the minion.

Gilbert Islands. There they, their be- longing·s, and the material for a house "John Wliliams v" were unloaded and left among the cannibal islanders, not a word of whose THE "John Williams V," recently language did they know I christened with coconut milk at Grangemouth when she was launched, There was peril and romance in the made a tour of the English coast bestory of the missionaries cultivating fore she sailed from London to voyage the friendship of the islanders, slowly between Samoa and the Gilbert and acquiring a speaking knowledge of the Ellice Islands for the London Missionlanguage, patiently reducing it to ary Society. Her cost has been alwritten form, carefully translating most entirely met from the contributhe Scriptures into it, obtaining a tions of the children of the Congreprinting press only to find it a puzzle, gational churches of Britain. no one knowing how to set it up, suddenly sighting a boatload of ship- . This little schooner is the fifth of wrecked sailors arriving in the harbor her name to commemorate the work after drifting and rowing weeks and of John Williams, the pioneer who miles over the ocean in a little boat was murdered on Erromanga in the searching for land, one of the sailors New Hebrides in 1839. The first proving to be a former printer and "John Williams" left London in 1844, and the fourth boat of that name, thereupon setting up the press I There was romance al·so in the long which is to be broken up, has been at and great work of the translation of work for thirty-six years.

the' whole Bible by these same pio- Another mission vessel, the "South- neers, who, in 1893, nearly forty years ern Cross," built at Newcastle in 1903, later, completed it (Mrs. Bingham is approaching the end of her career read the proof meticulously three in these waters, for she is to be re- times, and inserted 120,000 punctua- placed by two smaller boats, one based tion marks I) and saw it printed at on the Solomon Islands and the other the Bible House in New York, from on the New Hebrides in the Mela- whence this radio message now sum- nesian Mission.

mons a new shipment. Romance in- In these southern waters it is difdeed I-Bible Society Record. ficult to avoid the £10,000 a year the Dutch Ea.ot Indies average ves,sel costs to run, for other- wise missionaries would starve on the SEVENTY or eighty per cent of the meager food stuffs on the islands, with "Flock of Islands" of the Southern which these boats form the only reg- Sea which stretch from Sumatra to ular means of communication, while New Guinea belong to Holland. Islam 'On every trip they carry children and is supreme, with animism prevalent teachers going or returning to cen- everywhere, especially in Borneo, the tral schools of a higher grade than it Celebes and New Guinea. Chinese is possible to ·support on the smaller merchants control most of the trade islands.-H. W. Peet.

OK.S WORTH

E3t3l~ Any books m6'll.tioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Praying Hyde; A Present-Day Challenge new era. Never before has the move- to Prayer. By Captain E. G. Carre. ment faced such a complex situation. 189 pp. 28 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Now, probably for the first time,the London. 'heathen' East in general, and China in particular, vigorously challenges We are glad to give early notice of the supremacy of Christendom. In this book which, next to the life of this connection one must not forget George Muller, has done more than the fact that it was Christendom that any other to emphasize the importance sought the East, and that, therefore, of intercessory prayer. This third if the bridge, which is beginning to edition contains a biography of Mr. span the civilization of East and West, Hyde of the Punjab and an account now faUs into a new and wider of his prayer life by Mr. Pengwern chasm, it will be because Christendom Jones, and his methods in personal refuses to change its ways or its work by R. M. Patterson. We also thinking." SAMVEL M. ZWEMER. have extracts from his letters and the book closes with a Challenge to Prayer. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. Bible Landmarks in a Changing Land. By J. Mac Phail Waggett. 130 pp. $1.50. The International Aspect of the Mission- Revell. New York. 1930. ary Movement in China. By Chao- Kwang Wu, Ph.D. 285 pp. $2.50. The author gives his readers schol- Johns Hopkins Press. Baltimore. arly, and at the same time vivi~, glimpses of the Holy Land. He IS The professor of political ·science in pastor of Mount Zion Presbyterian the university at Shanghai has given Church, St. Charles, South Carolina, us an able monograph on a timely and his volume is at once a travel subject. He writes with sympathy book, a Bible study book, and an aid and insight on the legal rights of to historical perspective. Dr. Ernest missionaries; control and protection Trice Thompson, Professor of Theolof mi-ssionaries; international com- ogy in Union Theological Seminary, plications and status of missionaries, Richmond, writes a commendatory inand their political influence. Not all troduction in which he says that missionaries will agree with his con- "those who cannot go themselves will clusions, but they cannot be set aside find that the author, in an entrancing without consideraUon. The writer is style, brings Palestine to them, and of the opinion that Christianity must as they read, the stories of the Bible be stripped of its Western elements will live again before them." in order to win China. He makes a strong plea for the autonomy of the A Century of Anglo-Catholicism. By Her- Chinese Church. In regard to the bert Leslie Stewart. 404 pp. $4.75. abolition of special privileges, Dr. Wu Oxford University Press. New York.

has no misgivings, but believes the This is a fine piece of work, careful, right to propagate the Christian re- just, honest and true. The writer is ligion will depend on the goodwill of Professor of Philosophy in Dalhousie the Chinese people. His conclusion is: University. He is not an Anglican "All -signs point to the fact that the n'Or an Anglo-Catholic, but he treats missionary movement has entered a the movement with perfect fairness 876 and measures with impartial judgment English and Paul Valery of the French Academy has contributed a warmly its weakness and its strength. The appreciative preface. The scene of the main part of the book is laid in story reaches from Newman and the the author'·s ancestral home in China, and the principal character is his Tractarians to the controversy in mother. It is a charming portrayal of a beautiful family life, with its de- Parliament over the Revised Prayer voted affection, its traditional customs, its occasional perplexing problems, Book. There are fascinating studies and, when death enters the home, the pathos of genuine grief. This section of Newman, Frol1de, Gore and lnge. throbs with human interest. With- out any argum-entative attempt to do The book is a rich account of one of so, it draws the reader into closer sympathy with the real life of the the most notable religious movements Chinese people. The latter part of the book deals with the Revolution. of the last three generations and of Here the author is less happy. He tells an oft told story and with some our own. The question which it sug- bitterness of feeling.

gests for us is-How may we today The Life and Letters of Sir Harry Johns- ton. By Alex Johnston. 351 pp. iJ3.50. find a way to break up the fetters and Jonathan Cape and Harrison Smith. New York. release the spiritual forces and begin Few men of modern times have a new and fuller experience of the lived a life so filled with varied and stirring experiences as Sir Harry Gospel? ROBERT E. SPEER. Johnston. African explorer, scientific student of fauna, flora and ethnology, The Theology of Crisis. By H. Emil painter of such excellence that his pic- Brunner. 118 pp. $1.75. Scribners. tures were hung in the Royal Academy New York. in London, colonial Consul-General, Special Commissioner and colonial Karl Barth is looming large above Governor who added more territory to the horizon. of Europe's theological the British Empire than any other thought. Some have even called him man of his generation, phenomenal the greatest religious thinker since linguist who mastered not only sevthe Reformation. Next to Barth him- eral modern languages but dozens of self, the most notable exponent of his African dialects, author of forty books teaching is the author of this book, and hundreds of newspaper artIcles, Dr. Brunner, Professor of Theology fighter of numerous battles, holder of government decorations and the gold in the University of Zurich. medals of learned societies – what an This little book is designed to ex- amazing career! Swivel chair officials in the Foreign Office often hampered plain the Barthian school of thought him and kept him out of the higher to English readers, and all who desire diplomatic posts for which he was eminently qualified; but the people to know about a movement which is and the governments of other lands exerting large influence on the Con- recognized his great achievements. tinent should secure it. The author England owed much to the indefatigastresses the Calvinistic conception of ble explorer who added more territory God and salvation, the Lutheran con- to her Empire than any other man of ception of justification and the King- his generation. dom of God, and the higher criticism modernist interpretation of the New Testament–an odd combination.

A Son of China. By Sheng-Cheng. 286 pp. $3. Norton. New York.

After scores of books and hundreds of articles on the tumult and the shouting of battling war lords in China, it is a relief to enjoy this book's description of phases of Chinese life and culture of which people in other lands hear too little. The author is an educated young Chinese who wrote at the age of twenty-seven while he was studying in France.

Marvin McCord Lowes has translated it from the French into excellent

The story is graphically told by his work, a scene at the Trebeni mela and younger brother, who was his private other glimpses of life. Throughout is secretary for thirteen years and who stressed the search for truth among accompanied him on many of his these interesting people. The story eventful journeys. It is an absorb- will stir the hearts of Christians with ingly interesting narrative of a re- a desire to give the Gospel to the mul- markable man. A serious defect is titudes in unoccupied Nepal.

the absence of a map. There are fre- Who Moved the Stone ~ By Frank Moriquent references to parts of the vast son. 294 pp. $2.50. Century. New continent of Africa whose precise loca- York. 1930. tion and boundaries the average reader cannot reasonably be expected to have The resurrection of Christ is a bas- ic fact of Christianity. Without it clearly in mind. the whole structure of evangelical be- Robert Stewart Fullerton: a Memoir. By lief would collapse. "If Christ be not J. J. Lueas. 264 pp. $1.25. Christian raised, your faith is vain," St. Paul Literature Society. Allahabad, India. said. A book on this subject there- This is an account of a remarkably fore deals with a vital theme. The intElresting man who was an eye wit- author goes to the heart of it by cen- ness of the memorable events in India tering attention on the disappearance between 1850 and 1865. The author of the body of Jesus from the tomb.

is the Rev. J. J. Lucas, D.D., who, He carefully evaluates all the known after fifty-two years of devoted serv- facts in the closing days of our Lord's ice for Christ in India, is still living earthly life, the circumstances in on the field where his presence and which the empty tomb was discovered, counsel are a benediction to mission- the effect upon the disciples, their sub- aries and Indian Christians alike. The sequent transformation from despair book gives a suggestive insight into to jubilant confidence, and the tre- missionary thought and practice dur- mendous significance of the fact that ing the early days of Christian work the Christians boldly proclaimed the in India. It is particularly valuable resurrection of Christ "within a quar- for its story of the mutiny in the let- ter of an hour's walk of the place in ters of Dr. Fullerton, and for his nar- which, if their contention was false, ratives, in the years immediately the moldering remains of their great following, of the experiences of Indian leader lay," so that "the practical issue Christians who gave sacrificial witness could be settled at first hand, immedi- to their faith during that trying pe- ately, and by any number of wit- riod. The book is a real contribution nesses." The argument is developed to missionary literature in its graphic with such invincible logic that we do account of a historic tragedy and the not see how any reader can doubt the sublime devotion of the followers of glorious fact that Christ did actually Christ who suffered. rise from the dead as the New Testa- The Quest of the Nepal Border. Gordon mept declares. Laymen as well as M. Guinness. Illus. 12 mo. 120 pp. ministers will find this book helpful. 38 6d. London. 1929. Our only criticism is that the author does not definitely answer his own The acting director of the Regions question as to the identity of the one Beyond Missionary Union has the gift "who moved the stone." of picturesque and forceful writing, like others of the Guinnes8 family. The U. S. Looks At Its Churches. C. Here he describes, with vivid and heart-stirring skill, the need of the Luther Fry. 183 pp. $2.50. Instipeople on the Nepal border for Christ tute of Social and Religious Research. New York. 1930.

and His salvation. The chapters in- It is trite to say that statistics are clude striking sketches of native Chris- dry. Sometimes they are, but not the tians, descriptions of evangelistic statistics in this book, for they viv-

BOOKS WORTH READING

idly present stirring facts about the Roger Williams, Prophet and Pioneer. By position and progress of Christianity Emily Easton. 399 pp. $5.00. in America. They deal with question's Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston. that all thoughtful people are interested in: What proportion .of Ameri- Roger Williams bulks large in the cans belong to church? ToO what denominations do they belong? How struggle for religious liberty. Denied are churches geographically distributed? How rapidly are churches grow- it in the England of the seventeenth ing? Is the Sunday-school declining? To what extent are ministers aca- century, he came to the Massachusett's demically trained? What is the value .of church praperty? How much do colony, only to find that the Pilgrim churches spend? The informafion given in reply ta these questiDns is Fathers were as intolerant as the based upan a careful study of the Federal Census .of Religiaus Budies, bishops of the Church of England. and the book is issued under the auspices of an institute whase directors His insistence on the right of the beinclude Dr. Jahn R. Matt, Bishap Francis J. McConnell, Paul Manroe, liever to absolute freedom of thaught James L. Barton and .others of unquestioned standing. The baok is and worship, without interference by therefore autharitative and reliable. either church 01' state, soon brought Africa and Some World Problems. By General J. C. Smuts. 184 pp. $2.50. him into trouble. It must be admit- Oxford University Press. New York. ted that he was a man of inflexible General Smuts is, by universal acclaim, one .of the great statesmen of temper as well as strong convictions, this generatian. At the Peace Canference in Paris after the Warld War, not an easy man to get along with. .observers agreed that this South African was .one .of the three men who But a man of softer type could not shDwed the highest wisdam and the widest vision, the others being Veni- have stood against the stern uniformzelos .of Greece and Wilson of America. When such a man speaks, the ity of those pioneer days. He waged world listens. This bODk consists of six lectures that General Smuts de- a great battle for religious liberty, livered in Great Britain last year, three of them being at Oxford Uni- and he did not shrink from the perversity on the Rhodes Memorial Foundation. The subjects are Liv- secution that followed. He was a ingstone, African settlement and native, pDlicy, peace, the League, and voice in the wilderness, and his ideas democracy. They are characterized by the breadth of view, clearness of have prevailed. statement, and soundness of judgment for which the author is famDus. He The author of this book has renpays tribute to missions. "The missiDnary enterprise," he says, "with dered a large service in recounting its universal Christian message and the stary. As a biography, it is permost its vast educative and civilizing effort haps .open ta the criticism of sametimes is and remains the greatest and powerful influence for good in Africa." elaborating the frame at the expense .of the picture. It is important to place a given character in his histori- cal setting, but Miss Easton devotes the first 116 pages to conditions in England, with only incidental refer- ences to Williams, and some of the succeeding ,sections have more to say about the colonists and the Indians than about Williams. History is more prominent than biography in a CDn- siderable part of the wbroiotkin. g,Hsohwoewvienr~ it is good historical ?areful study of the sources, and mak- mg the volume a valuable contribu- tian to the literature of the seven- teenth century and the development of religious freedom.

The Great Empire of Silence. Robert Mer- rill Bartlett. 60 pp. $1.25. Boston.

These Easter meditations are based on Jesus' silence, suffering and sacri- fice. Their purpose is to strengthen faith, give fortitude and make real the glory of the life beyond. The English

is beautiful, the thought poetic, the The Evangelization of Fagan Africa. J. philosophy sound and the vision of DuPlessis. 408 pp. $6. Stechert. Jesus is refreshing. It is an excellent New York. gift book for the Easter season. Eyes in the Dark. Zenobia Bird. 226 M. T. SHELFORD. pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

African Horizons. By John Cudahy. David Elliot. E. Everett Green. 190 pp. 159 pp. $3.00. Duffield. New York. 80c. Pickering & Inglis. London. This is a volume to delight the lover The Coming lteligion. Nathaniel Schmidt. of the African wilderness and its big 262 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. New game. The author is a well-known York. business man of Milwaukee who has had a varied experience as a soldier, The Korean Church and the Nevius explorer and author. He went to Methods. Charles Allen Clark. 278 Africa as a member of the Massee- pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. Milwaukee Public Museum Expedition to collect specimens and photographs. Henry Martyn of Persia. Jessie Page. The party had some thrilling adven- 179 pp. 80c. Pickering & Inglis. tures with lions, rhinoceros and ele- London. phants which Mr. Cudahy describes in racy English. The volume is superbly Prayer. W. E. Orchard. 135 pp. $1.25. illustrated with drawings by H. B. Harpers. New York. Rowntree and photographs by the author, and the publishers have given The Sarcophagus of an Ancient Civilizait attractive binding and letterpress. tion. George L. Robinson. 495 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. New York. BRIEF MENTION Ten Thousand Miles With a Dog Sled. Two books for the devotional use of Hudson Stuck. 420 pp. $4. Scribthe Bible are The Bible In My Every- ners. New York. day Life, by Eugene Franklin Reese, (432 pp., $2.85, The System Bible Co., Tales of India. Various authors. 62 pp. Chicago), and Daily Bible Memory 18. Church Missionary Society. Lon- Verses, by Gertrude Wales, (52 pp., don. 75c, Revell, New York). The former groups Scripture passages under ap- Toni of Grand Isle. Nelia Gardner White. propriate headings so that the reader 300 pp. $2. Penn Pub. Co. Philafinds the inspired teachings conven- delphia. iently assembled for practical guidance. Prof. A. T. Robertson, D.D., in The Inspiration and Accuracy of the Holy an. introduction writes of the helpful- Scriptures. John Urquhart. 439 pp. ness of the book in strengthening faith 58. Pickering and Inglis. London. and helping in times of trial and 1930. temptation. The latter book is of pocket size, giving daily verses for International Aspect of the Missionary memorizing, arranged topically for 52 Movement in China. Chao-Kwang Wu. weeks. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the 285 pp. $2.50. Johns Hopkins Press. well-known Chairman of the Central Baltimore. 1930. Committee on United Study of Foreign Missions, highly recommends it A Madcap Family. Amy Le Feuvre. 270 in an introduction. pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1930. NEW BOOKS Mystiok Oder Versohnung. Dr. Karl Industrial Village Churches. Edmund Heims and Kokichi KuroSaki. Furche deS. Brunner. 193 pp. $1.50. In- Pub. House. Berlin. 1930. stitute of Social and Religious Re- search. New York. D. L. Moody. W. R. Moody. 556 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York. 1930.

Praying Hyde. E. G. Carre. 189 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

ltoger Williams. Emily Easton. 399 pp. $5. Houghton Mifflin. New York.

Who Moved the Stone. Frank Morison. 294 pp. $2.50. Century. New York.

Nature and lteligion. Charles H. Tyn- dall. 275 pp. $2. Revell. New York.

Between the Desert and the Sea. I. Lilias Trotter. 63 pp. 68.

Bible Landmarks in a Changing World. J. MacPhail Waggett. 130 pp.

Ursula. L. A. Barter-Snow. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

The World's Best Religious Quotations. James Gilchrist Lawson. 192 pp. $2. Revell. New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1930

'l' OP-MANUAL TRAINING CLASS AT THE JHANSI BOYS'

COMING EVENTS order, went to China as a missionary in September 16-17-COMMITTEE OF REF- 1897, and became identified with Nanking ERENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- sions Conference of N. A., New University in its early days as teacher York, N. Y. (1897-1903) and acting president (1903- 1904). It was largely through his wise September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, and tactful leadership that other denomi- conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- nations were brought into the cooperation eration of Churches and the Wom- en's Interdenominational Union of which resulted in the founding of the Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- phia, Pa. union University of Nanking, of which September 30 – October' 1 – EXECUTIVE he was the first president, continuing COMMITTEE, Council of Women for Home Missions, New York, N. Y. until the general change of educational policy made it desirable to place the in- October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. stitution under a Chinese executive.

October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- ** GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. THE REV. DR. JOHN W. CHAPMAN, mis- October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- sionary, explorer and scientist, who has ington, D. C. served the Protestant Episcopal Church October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- in Anvik, Alaska, for forty-three years, CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. has retired from the Alaskan field. He November 10-18-WORLD ALLIANCE FOR is 72 years old. Dr. Chapman will be INTERNATIONAL F R lEN D S HIP THROUGH THE CHURCHES, Washing- placed on the honor roll of the Church. ton, D. C. He will be succeeded in Alaska by his November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- son, who has long been associated with ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, his father in the latter's missionary work. Washington, D. C. *** January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, At the recent Synod of the Northern Washington, D. C. Province of the Moravian Church in January 20 – 21, 1931- COUNCIL OF America, held in Bethlehem, Pa., June 12 CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- dianapolis, Ind. to 20, 1930, DR. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ,'

PERSONALS for almost 32 years Secretary of Mora- vian Missions, declined re-election to the Two GREAT FRIENDS OF CHINA RETIRE Governing or Executive Board of the FRANK D. GAMEWELL, PH.D. Church, which carried with it his resig- DR. A. J. BOWEN nation as Secretary of Missions. The functions of this office are combined with DR. FRANK D. GAMEWELL and DR. A. J. BOWEN, two veteran missionaries who the presidency of the Moravian Society have rendered notable service to China, for Propagating the Gospel. The new have been granted retirement by the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. president is Dr. S. H. Gapp. Dr. de Schweinitz has long been a Going to China in 1881 Dr. Gamewell taught in Peking, was a pioneer superin- trusted and loved missionary leader. It tendent in West China, professor of science in Peking University, (1889- was he who, in 1904, proposed the crea- 1900), and general secretary of China tion of a permanent Committee repre- Educational Association. As an engineer senting the mission boards and sociehe directed the fortification of the legation's compound at Peking during the ties of the United States and Camida, Boxer siege, in the summer of 1900, and and he became one of the organizers and was decorated for his service by the British government. On his last visit to original members of the Committee of China ten of his former students, in- Reference and Counsel of the Foreign a cluding the Rev. Wang Chih Ping (now Missions Conference offorN1o8rtyheaArsm, efrricoa~ serving as a member Bishop Wang), presented him with shield of silver on a carved wood sup- 1907 to 1930, with the omission of only port, inscribed to "Father Gamewell." the years demanded by constitutional re- DR. A. J. BOWEN, whose health has quirements. been impaired by his labors and by anxiety over the conditions under which he He was the Recording Secret:u-y of has worked in recent years of civil dis- the Committee in 1919-1920, ana the Chairman in 1920-1922. He was a'mem- ber of the American Section of the Executive Committee of the World Mis- sionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1908-1910, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America in 1917-1918, and a member of the In- ternational Missionary Council 1920- 1928. He has consented to continue to serve as Treasurer of Moravian Mis- sions with his office at 67 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.

*** DR. WARREN H. WILSON, of the Pres- byterian Board of National Missions, has been granted a year's leave of ab- (Concluded on page 799.) The Presbgterian Magazine 1 For Every PParesstobryten.an -The Church(s Official Publication-in a sparkling, up~ to~date manner offers the busy Presbyterian pastor and church~member inspiration and information fearlessly discussing the practical problems and freely narrating the thrilling triumphs of the advance of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ through the agency of the Presbyterian Church.

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GO~'S GRACIOUS GUARANTEES, by A. Z. Conrad, pastor of Park Street Church, Boston, Mass.

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ARTHua J. BROWN. Editor 1M 1930 LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions CONTENTS-October, 1930 PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME FRONTISPIECE-SCENES IN INDIA INDIA'S CALL '1'0 PRAyER………. 725 You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- 'l'I1E s'rORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the moneY' you give by the …………….•• W. B. ANDERSON 726 MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA ••••• Annuity Gift Plan · .•………… ARTHUR T. MAYHEW 732 This plan reHeves you of uncertainty and VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA worry caused by changing values of invested funds snd assures you a fixed income of · …………….•• C. H. LOIDHLIN 736 BELOVED O~' SIVA …..•..••…..•• 4i% to 9% per year • •••••••••••.. ERDMANN D. BEYNON 738 for the rest of your life CAN POVERTY·STRICKEN C H R I S – A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees TIANS DEVELOP SELF-SUPPORT- the prompt payment of annuities to you. ING CHURCHES? ………….. . Protect yourself against loss through • ••••…•.•.••.•. GEORGE H. rrRULL 740 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world. WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM ……• 744 WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB·CON· For full biformatlon wrt'te Erne. F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. 01 Annuiti•• SCIOUS INDIA? . )lJMIL W. MENZEL 745 SIR .TOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. ••••.•••.•….• ,CHARLES JOHNSTON 747 SOME BOOKS ON INDIA ………..• 750 166 Fifth Avenue, New York VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERI· World Friendship Courses ENCE . . . . . . . . DEl~AVAN L. PIERSON 753 A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE For week daq sc.hools or regular Sundaq classes • ••••••••••••• CLARENCE V. HOWELL 758 PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENG- These are all project courses giving stories lesson plans, worship programs, LAND FACTORY TOWN……… 762 dramatizations. play and handwork for TOPICS OF THE TIMES …•…•••.•• 763 extended sessions. Price each, Boards $1.00; paper 75 cents, SHOULD MISSIONARIES LEAVE ON THE ADVICE OF CONSULS?

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LIII, No. 10 October

INDIA'S CALL TO PRAYER The National Christian Council of India has published an outline of Intercession as follows: Let us seek for a Missionary Spirit-that the Church may see the whole world's need of Christ and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

Let us give thanks for the Church in India, remembering that it is part of the Church Catholic which is the body of Christ.

Let us thank God for the manifestation of the desire for unity in the Church in India, and for the scl1eme of Union proposed in South India.

Let us seek a Spirit of Prayer-that Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught the disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up, until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

Let us seek a Spirit of Sacrifice and of Unity-that the Church may be willing, at whatever cost, to follow and bear witness to the way of Christ as she learns it; that the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

Let us seek for the Gift of Interpretation-that the Church may learn to preach the Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

Let us seek for courageous witness in Moral Questions-that the witness of the Church in moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

MEDICAL WORK Let us thank God for those Christian men and women who give their lives in the service of the sick and the suffering.

Let us thank God for the increased efforts, put forth by the State and by public bodies, for the prevention of disease.

Let us seek for a Spirit of Service-that a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work, at home and abroad in our generation.

Let us seek for the completion of our own conversion, praying for the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

-From The Review of the Churches.

725

STORY OF AN INDIAN

BY THE REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D.

Secretary oj the Board of Foreign Mission8 of the United Presbyterian Church I N THE Punjab, North India, in the outcastes, and one Moslem. 1857, a church was begun with Thus from the very beginning, the four Indian converts; in 1928, question of caste was settled for its communicants numbered 43,- this church, and this first ingather- 895. The pioneers in this field had ing was an earnest of the harvests certain settled convictions regard- that were to foIlow from among all ing their missionary task. They castes and classes.

believed in the democratic rights Ordained Indians were at the of the individual in society, the first received into the mission or- Presbyterian form of church gov- ganization. Indians continued in ernment, the necessity of the re- membership until 1873, when, at generation of the individual to en- the suggestion of the Board in ter the Kingdom of God; that all America, they were excluded from missionary effort must terminate the Mission with a view to fosterupon the development of a church; ing the independence of the Indian that the church must be independ- Church. From the beginning there ent and self-supporting, that the was no question of the membership missionary must be ecclesiastically of the American ministers in the subordinate to the church in the church courts, nor was there any field; and that education must be question of the organic relations of fostered as a necessary result of the new Church in India to the Christianity but never regarded as mother Church in America. This its cause. With remarkable te- was in fuII accord with the spirit nacity, the successors of these men of those times and with the tradi- have adhered to these principles, tions of the Church. The mission- with the results apparent today. aries gave all privileges to their Growth by Decades Indian brothers, and took all priv- ileges to themselves. The result The following figures show the has been that as rapidly as Indians development of this Church in the have developed they have taken a number of communicants and their place of equality with missionaries contributions: in church courts, and with a true generosity they have ever accorded 1858 1878 1908 1918 1928 to the missionaries the relationship Communieants 4 211 14,202 32,557 43,895 of true brotherhood within those ~ontri~~~l':….,: . ~~244 $3,012 $5,910 $18,622 courts. The contributions noted contain At the present time, there is one only congregational funds, and not any fees in schools or hospitals. In Synod, composed of six presbyevaluating these contributions, it teries with ninety-seven congregamust be remembered that the aver- tions and ninety unorganized age laborer's wage is about twenty mission stations. Necessarily with times greater in America than in the great ingatherings from among India. a people so universally illiterate as First Fruits The first converts, in 1857, were the Chuhras are, the task of organ- a high caste Hindu, two men from izing has been a difficult one. It is '726 only through the exercise of skill grievance against the acting pasand patience that Presbyterianism tor. He informed the elder that he has been made to fit the situation. would be debarred from the com- Notwithstanding the difficulties munion unless he repented and where organization and methods paid up. When I raised the queshave been adapted to village condi- tion of his competence to debar an tions, remarkable progress has elder from the communion, he very been made. patiently explained to me that these Presbyterian forms were not An Adaptation of Presbyterian made for a village congregation Discipline with illiterate village elders, and that for the sake of the puritY of As an example of adaptation, the Church we must not permit the following might be cited. Our A NEWLY ORDAINED ELEVEN. MUCH DEPENDS ON THE VILLAGE SESSION head evangelist in the district was mere forms to interfere with esa wise and experienced minister sential righteousness. who was thoroughly respected by the Christian community. We had The next day the elder came to arrived at a village where a com- the service and sulked in the back munion service was to be con- of the audience, debarred from tHe ducted by the evangelist. In the preparatory meeting on Saturday ordinance of which he was by orevening, he found an elder whose dination one of the dispensers. payments toward the salary had Early Monday morning, as we been discontinued because of a were preparing to move our camp, the elder and his pastor came to the door of the tent, hand in hand,

with smiling faces. The elder ex- reduced almost to the intelligence plained that the night before he and feeling of animals. Scores of had not been able to sleep for instances might be recited to illusshame, that he had risen and gone trate the reality of their religious to his pastor, confessed his folly, change. paid all his arrears, and that now he wished to be restored to good Living Faith standing in the church and his office. We had a wonderful little One wet winter afternoon, the prayer meeting in the tent. Then head evangelist and I sat for sevthe head evangelist restored the eral hours in a village hut crowded elder to good and regular standing with people sitting among the cows in the congregation of which he and buffaloes that were being shelwas an ordained elder. tered from the pouring rain out- side. There were no Christians in Of course as the church develops this village, but many candidates in experience and intelligence, for baptism had been prepared by measures such as this are more an enthusiastic evangelist and rare and less necessary, and per- were being examined for admission haps any system must be flexible to the church. The next day over enough to permit its adaptation to forty persons were baptized and a unusual conditions. group was started on the way to become a congregation. In the The "Mass Movement" two years following, they had had no resident pastor or teacher, but In order to appreciate what has had built a little shelter of a been accomplished in the growth thatched roof laid upon forked of this Church, one must know sticks and without walls. This something of the social conditions they called their church, and here in India, and particularly the so- they gathered for daily worship. cial degradation of the aboriginal Through all those months they had people. This social degradation endured persecution from thfl has no parallel in human society. farmers whose serfs they were. It is from among these people, who in the Punjab are called Chuhras, One afternoon there appeared that the great majority of the com- suddenly at my door three or four municants of this Church have men who were evidently much agibeen gathered. tated. The night before a Hindu girl had been murdered in this vil- Too hasty conclusions, however, lage and her jewelry stolen. The must not be formed with reference police accused a Christian boy of to the acceptance of Christianity the murder, and subjected his wife by the Chuhras. It never has been to most distressing torture under an easy thing for them to leave which she had confessed the guilt their age-long social customs, their of her husband, and now the boy mud altars, and often their friends was in jail. Would I intercede for and families, to become Christians. him? No, I would not interfere in Thousands have endured persecu- a criminal case in the court but tion and few have secured material would go to the village 'he next help after baptism. The movement day. has been essentially the result of the Gospel reaching the hearts of On arriving there, the young men, although its touch has often wife rushed screaming, to throw been light upon minds and hearts herself on the ground, catch me

THE STORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH

around the feet, and implore me to Self-Supporting Congregations free her husband and save her soul In the beginning of the Mission, as she had perjured herself under there was great concern that protorture. I remained in the village vision be made for the support of for hours, and was almost sure of the church by the Indian people. the innocence of the young man, Repeated references to the subject but was firm in declining to offer are found in the records of the any interference at the court in a Board and of the Mission. It is a criminal case. I explained to the question as to how much progress people that if the young man was would have been made, however, innocent, God could deliver him in if it had not been for the great answer to their prayers. They spiritual quickening that came to arranged to meet every night for certain of the Indian men. In the prayer for his deliverance. revival of 1896, following the visit of General Booth of the Salvation The young man was speedily Army to India, one of the pastors was greatly stirred and took a vow tried by an English judge and was A VILLAGE CHURCH sentenced to be hanged. All during his stay in prison he had in- that he would from that time forth sisted upon his innocence, and had take his support only from the In- dian Church. He was joined by shown a wonderful faith in the three of the seminary students in power of Christ to free him from this purpose, and through the years these have been joined by a any sentence. The day after that devoted band of fellow pastors. There are now sixty-eight selfset for his execution we were re- supporting congregations in the turning home from a distant point Church. through his village. I had been The Church in America might dreading the meeting with his well sit at the feet of this, her people. When we arrived there, Punjabi child, and learn lessons in stewardship. Poor with a poverty although it was mid-afternoon, the of which we can have no conceppeople were gathered in the little tion, they have given to the makshack which they called the church, ing of many rich. In many a and we heard their singing before village home, where the family we entered the village. When they practically lives on a ration, with saw us, they came rushing from so many fistfuls of meal being dealt the church with the news that the boy had been pardoned and sent home.

We called the boy and questioned him. All he knew was that on the morning on which he was to have been hanged the judge called for him and told him that he was free, giving him railway fare to return to his village. He said, "We all knew that Christ would deliver me just the way you had taught us." I was ashamed that I had taught them that Christ would deliver him and then had not believed that He would.

out for each member of the house- cated ministry in the midst of such hold before the baking, the house- crying need for pastors of churches wife puts into "God's jar" every composed of illiterate village peo- tenth fistful of meal. Such is a ple. At first none having less than fellowship that must enrich the a grammar school education were giver. admitted to the seminary; then While missionaries and pastors the standard was raised to admit are ever being made heartsick by only those having a high school the ignorance, superstition and training; now none are admitted degradation of the mass of the of lower qualifications than uni- Christian people, within that versity intermediate (junior col- Church there have repeatedly been lege) training. In 1915, the first such spiritual impulses as to keep man having a university degree hope and faith bright and strong. was graduated from the seminary In 1858, the missionaries reported and ordained. There are now sevwith joy the reflections they saw in eral such in training. The sem- India of the great revival of that inary has always been controlled year in America. These were es- by the Synod, which owns the en- tire plant used for its work. pecially marked among soldiers Money for land and buildings was and civilians' of the European pop- contributed from America. The ulation. In 1896, there came salaries of the missionary profesmarked times of refreshing to many schools, stations, and congre- sors are paid by the American gations. In 1904, there began the Church, but those of the two In- Sialkot Convention with its tides dian professors by the Church in of blessing reaching far beyond the India.

borders of the Punjab. Granted Space does not permit a discus- all the faith, courage and devotion sion of the interest of the Church of missionaries and pastors, with- in education in general. The cur- out these spiritual quickenings the riculum for the training of Chris- Church would have fallen far short tian youth ranges all the way from of her present accomplishments. the 150 Mission village schools For nothing else do pastors and through the university.

missionaries pray so earnestly as Evangelism and Missionary Spirit that this deep spiritual tide may be ever rising and filling the The proof of the vitality of a Church with divine power. church must be its evangelistic Christian Education and missionary efforts. Through all the years the spirit of evangel- From its begining, the Mission ism has been cultivated and the di- developed an educational work. rect and simple preaching of the Almost the first undertaking was Gospel has never been forsaken by theological training of two Chris- missionaries or pastors. In every tian workers in "didactic theology, station every year is held a summer the original languages of the Scrip- school, lasting generally for two or tures, Biblical criticism, and three weeks. Here the pastors, Church history." In 1871, there evangelists, and Christian teach- was established a theological sem- ers are gathered for Bible study inary which has had a difficult task and devotional meetings. Great to keep up the standard of an edu- stress is laid upon the obligation of

the Christian to witness to his since, that work has been mainfaith. tained with the support secured and the administration cared for Every winter there is a simul- by this Board of Home Missions. taneous campaign of evangelism. At this time a week or ten days is In 1916, the Mission gave over given by each congregation to the to the Synod, at its request, part preaching of the Gospel among the of a district adjacent to the field non-Christians and the selling of occupied by the Church, and in New Testament portions. Even 1927, the Synod assumed the supthe most ignorant members are port and administration of a whole trained to go out and sell these district. Negotiations are now Scripture portions and witness to under way between the Mission the power that they contain. There and the Synod for the latter to ashave been some remarkable results. sume the administration of all evangelistic work being done by If ever a Church could make a the Mission, together with the budlegitimate excuse for not helping get being received from America others because it had enough to do for that work. to help itself, this would be that Church. In 1908, as the result of Eoth missionaries and pastors revival, the Synod established a would be quick to admit, and would Board of Home Missions composed even insist, that this Church is entirely of Indian men. This ignorant and defective and is Board selected the most difficult scarcely more than embryonic in field it could find within the con- its development. Yet it proves fines of the Mission, sending its that the Gospel of Christ is indeed men out into a new territory the power of God unto salvation, among bigoted Moslems on the and is an earnest of what that Gosfrontier. For the twenty years pel will yet do for India.

CHRIST THE SIGNIFICANT FORCE IN INDIA Whether we look at India from the political, the social, the economic, the educational, the religious, or industrial point of view, the one force which is of the greatest significance is the Living Christ. He is th6' greatest dynamic and creative force in India to-day. I say this with great care and earnestness, for I realize how foolish it will sound to many, and how visionary to others. But when one reads history, when one studies the trends for the betterment of life-personal, social and national, and most of all when one walks in daily fellowship with Him, then it is that such a realization grows to conviction, but a conviction which bears the stamp of utter reality and fact. He is actually lifting men. He is changing men's lives. He is drawing men unto Himself. He is recreating institutions and customs, and He is creating in men a new life. And when I scan the horizon I see no comparable force.-Paul J. Braised, American Baptist, Telugu Mission, India.

EDUCATION IN

BY ARTHUR T. MAYHEW, C.LE.

Ji'O>rmer Got:ernmcnt Director of Public Instruction in the Central Provinces, India N O ONE could accuse the Some home critics suggest that Christian missionary in In- educational ambition leads mis- d i a of self-complacency. sions to neglect their evangelical The Commission which is to inves- calling; while perhaps as many tigate his educational work in that protest that the evangelist must country will find a congenial at- follow in the tracks of the school- mosphere of genuine humility. It master. We hope that the Com- will not bring to light many defects mission will not try to "reconcile"

or problems hitherto ignored by claims which are really indistin- labourers in the field. But by the guishable from one another. The marshalling of facts and figures education that India needs is evan- which individual missions and peri- gelical education, saturated with odic conferences have had no time the spirit of Christianity. The to assemble, and by a comprehen- Christianity that India needs is sive survey of their significance, it enlightened Christianity that not will be able to indicate which of only appeals to the heart, but en- the many problems are the most lists all the faculties in the devel- vital and to suggest perhaps a opment of the arts and sciences more scientific method of ap- under the guidance of the Holy proaching them. The information Spirit. The Commission's task is that it will give to isolated work- to see how, on the one hand, mis- ers all over India concerning aims, sion education can be made more methods and results in other parts Christian, and how, on the other of the vast field will in itself jus- hand, broad and comprehensive tify its establishment. To some curricula, conceived in a Christian extent its path has been prepared spirit with reference to national by the systematic labors of the All needs, can be more effectively India and Provincial Missionary taught.

Councils. But the inclusion in the About seventy-five years ago, Commission of members with ex- Alexander Duff and John Wilson pert knowledge of educational determined the broad lines on work outside India guarantees a which mission education has since freshness of view that will be wel- advanced and in particular its rela- comed by these Councils in whom tions to the Government system of familiarity with the problems has education. Today, in British In- bred not contempt for the prob- dia, '" missions are responsible for lems so much as diffidence in them- the education of more than 347,000 selves. It will also reassure organ- scholars and spend from their own isers and supporters of mission funds, pupils' fees and Government work in the home countries whose grants, more than £777,000 ($3,- uneasiness regarding Christian education in India is not always • Except where otherwise stated, the statisallayed by mission reports conspic- tiCR and opinions contaiIwd in this article refer uous for their honesty rather than for their optimism. to British India. The writer is aware of the importaJl~e of the work uwlertaken hy missions in the stutes ruled hy the Indian Princes. but has no accurate information regarding its progress and prol)]cms.

732 885,000) thereon. For India as a The Commission may then try to whole, including native states, they ascertain from parents and exeducate 646,000 scholars, spending students whether mission instituon them more than $8,000,000. tions have for them any such dis- These figures indicate the heavy tinctive aim and atmosphere. They responsibility that they have in- are too likely to find that the chief curred. So far, however, as num- purpose which these institutions bers go, mission institutions play are supposed to serve is prepararelatively a less important part to- tion for public examinations. The day than they did in 1854 when they devout lives and personal examples came into the government system. of missionaries and individual Though they are responsible for masters, the disciplinary effect of the 251'0 of the girls in high schools school and hostel, daily prayers and and for 20% of the women who are Bible instruction, will have meant taking a university course, the pro- much for many of them. But unportion in the case of male scholars derlying all this will be a convicis much smaller, amounting in the tion that the schools' operations case of primary schools to only 3%. have been determined by examina- tions in which religion plays no What Duff did not and could not part, by courses of instruction anticipate was the growth, side by framed by authorities pledged to side with government and mission religious neutrality and by examinstitutions, of colleges and schools ination exigencies which have controlled by local authorities de- involved the exclusion from odibarred from all religious opera- nary instruction of every item tions, by private Indian agencies calculated to stimulate religious indifferent to religion, and by managing bodies animated by a interest. A teacher who is to be distinctively Mohammedan or Bud- an effective agent in securing a dhist spirit. He would probably diploma for his pupils cannot conbe the first to admit that the sys- centrate attention on aspects of a subject which examiners are comtem of education of which mission pelled to ignore. The Government institutions now form a part could Inspection Report must make no not be described as a whole, by the reference to religious instruction, most optimistic observer, as a which is discreetly kept out of the way on inspection days and so be- Christian system. comes in the eyes of parents and One of the most interesting and pupils a by-product.

significant educational institutions The Commission may then proin India today is that supported ceed to investigate the aims and and inspired by the Bengali poet, methods of the Hindu University Rabindranath Tagore. It will be at Benares and the Mohammedan worth while for the Commission to University at Aligarh. Among inquire why Tagore, one of the fin- much that may be open to critiest educational minds in India, cism, they will find proof in these keeps "Shantiniketan" (abode of universities of a conviction that Hindu and Mohammedan culture peace) outside the system of edu- and religion demand for their decation organised and controlled by velopment and expression instituthe Government. One of his rea- tions and systems of public examsons is certainly that inclusion in ination which emphasize, in a such a system would mean the loss of the schools' distinctive aim and individual atmosphere.

manner that impresses the general and economic aspiratians that the public, what is distinctive in their student world derives from the attraditions. And they will ask masphere af nationalism in which themselves whether it is nat prac- it lives, and to emphasize the conticable to. devise for Christian In- tributian that the Western world dia a system af distinctively Chris- expects from India. In particular, tian schools cUlminating in and it must learn that the Christ wham dominated by a Christian univer- they are to find on the Indian Road sity, and whether such a system is to be born again in India. might nat exist side by side with the "neutral" Gavernment system, That the first object of mission while cantinuing, like the Hindu education must be the edification and Mahammedan universities, to of the Christian community will enjoy the recognition and financial probably be accepted by all. Sta- tistically there is no. Indian comassistance of the Gavernment. munity in India, except the Parsee, The Commissian will nate in this which appraaches the Christian achievements in education. And cannectian that missian institu- the Parsees, as a small non-prasetians in British India receive from lytising and materially prosperous public funds slightly more than the cammunity, may be left aut af acsum of nearly £217,000 ($1,085,- count. Of the Indian Christian 000), that their supporters can- male papulatian 19%, and of the female 5% are under instructian, tribute and enjay a fee incame of as campared with seven and eight over £200,000 ($1,000,000). Anx- per cent of the Hindu and seven ious enquiry into. the bearing af and one per cent of the Mohammepolitical questions an the expecta- dan population. The papulatian af tion of support from the Govern- schaalgaing age af India is usually ment and the public will prabably taken at about 1570 of the tatal papulatian. Viewed relatively ar reveal that there has been no with- absalutely, the Christian figures drawal af such suppart during the are amazingly gaad, if the mass ten years that educatian in each movements tawards Christianity pravince has been cantralled by an and the large additian af illiterate Indian Minister responsible to a converts in recent years are barne Provincial Council, and will sug- in mind. Christian male students gest that a large measure of inde- of universities represent 12 in pendence, if wan by India, will not every 10,000 af the tatal male be detrimental to. any system of Christian papulation, against five af mission education, however dis- and two per cent far Hindus and tinctively Christian, pravided that Mohammedans respectively. Feit is also consistent with national male Christian university students aspirations and conducive to the are nearly as numeraus as Hindu cultural development of India. students who. represent a papula- tion nearly 80 times as large, and How this can best be secured will are ten times as numeraus as Mano. daubt farm one impartant sec- hammedan students who. came tian of the Commission's enquiry. fram a papulation 28 times as For a larger measure of Oriental large. studies there seems unfartunately to be no demand. But a mare de- But there are dangers ahead. Of terminated effart must be made to recognise and direct in all higher educatian, the palitical, cultural

MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA

the Christian population 20% are monly described as "lehvening the still illiterate. With an annual in- lump." It is due to men such as came of abaut 10,000 converts, the Miller of Madras, and to colleges number of those requiring a Chris- like Wilson College, Bombay, that tian primary school is growing the intelligentsia of India has been rapidly. The number af Christian infected and inspired by Christian pupils in primary schaols exceeds influence and that social and re- the total enrollment of mission ligious reform movements, both primary schools; as these contain Hindu and Mohammedan, have ac- many non-Christian pupils there quired a distinctive Christian fla- must be very many Christian pu- vor. What has to be decided is the pils in non-Christian schools. The extent to. which principles, un- fact that missions are bearing 13% doubtedly sound, can wisely be of the burden of university educa- supplied. Soup cannot be watered tian and only three per cent of the progressively withaut losing its primary education af India, sug- efficacy. One suspects a weaken- gests that they may be, like In- ing in the motive power of Chris- dians as a whole, devating tao tianity when one visits mission much of their funds and energy to institutions where 75% or more of higher education and building on the staff and pupils are non-Chris- too narrow a base. If Christian tian, where Christian inspiration India is resolved to. share in the depends an the weekly visit of an education of nan-Christian India, overwarked missionary, and where is not the educatian of the masses local popularity is due either to entitled to mare attention? And comparatively low fees or com- are not the towns getting more paratively goad examination re- than the villages from them? sults.

No Christian community can be The consistent Christian mis- expected to confine its educational sion institution of today is ethically benefits to its professed adherents. far mare influential than the aver- But it must guard against any sur- age Government institution. Few render of Christian interests. We wauld claim the same superiarity are indeed taught to give freely of for the average mission institution our best to others; but we must without searching examination not, for the sake of others, sur- which it is to be hoped the Com- render what is essential to prep- missian will carry out. Mere add- aration for Christian service. ing to the number of Hindu and Christian pravision for the educa- Mohammedan graduates in India tion of non-Christians in India is is not an essential portion of the justifiable an three conditions: Christian Church's task. There is (a) that the needs of the Christian no lack of other work more dis- community have been adequately tinctively Christian in aim by met; (b) that Christian life and which local opinions can be con- teaching are a vital and essential ciliated and contact with non- part of the education provided; Christian society maintained.

and (c) that the atmosphere is not Arrangements for the supply of unfavorably affected by a predom- Christian teachers to meet present inance of non-Christian masters needs and future development and scholars. must be carefully investigated. It Great and honored names are is impossible to get statistical in- associated with the process com- formation regarding the number

Qf Christian teachers in India; the unfit fQr academic studies into. absence of figures suggests the commercial or industrial trainneed fQr a cQmprehensive survey. ing-all these CQncern the missiQn The 18 missiQn training schQQls educatiQnists just as much as Edu- catiQn Departments of India. with 960 students may suffice fQr MQre particularly, the Hartog Rethe 278,000 Christians under in- port emphasizes the grQwing need structiQn, but there are altogether for expert guidance, if education 347,000 scholars for whom the mis- is to be less wasteful and more sions are responsible. effective. To the stock Qf expert opiniQn the coming Commission The CQmmissiQn will study with will make a valuable cQntribution. special interest the recent Report If it does its work properly, its Qf the HartQg Committee, which members will return wiser but not, we hope, sadder, men. What is, has investigated Indian education perhaps, most important, they will fQr the StatutQry CQmmissiQn deal- by their devoted labors give a coning with the Indian cQnstitutiQn. vincing proQf to. India that Chris- The prQblems which this report tian missions are determined to emphasizes-the short school life find enlightened and effective and irregular attendance in pri- means of advancing the moral and mary schQols, the need for a material welfare Qf that CQntinent. broader basIs fQr secQndary education, the development of vocational aptitude, and the diversion Qf thQse VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA BY REV. C. H. LOEHLlN ]fissfonary of the Prcs1J1fteria.n Church in the U. R. A.

C RISES in the mission fields the Outcaste. FQr nearly a hun- seem perennial; but they dred years, in our Punjab Mission are none the less real and area, God has been chQosing. "the challenging for that. The crisis base things of the world, and the that at present faces the village things that are despised, yea, and church Qf India, is, on the one the things that are nQt," fQr buildhand, encouraging; for it has been ing the village church. For long brQught about largely Qn aCCQunt years the missionary and the Inof aggressive evangelistic work in dian evangelist labored amQng the the villages. On the other hand, Qutcastes alone, without let or hinit presents a cQmpeliing challenge drance. But not so any IQnger. bQth to. the Church in India, and The Hindus and the Mohammealso to the Church in America to. dans are now awake to the potenredouble Qur evangelistic effQrts tial value of this scrapped human nQW, lest we see the peril and gird material. The Hindus are now up our loins when it is too late. appropriating this material to build up their religious and PQliti- What is this crisis? Briefly, in cal community. The Mohammea figUre, it is this. For building dans are doing likewise. The the church, the prime requisite is liberal Hindus, thrQugh their Arya material. In India, the material Somaj SQciety, even send out mishas been that thrown out on the siQnaries to. the depressed classes. waste heap by Hinduism, namely,

VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA

The material that is immediately and political upheaval not only are available for building up and the Hindus and Mohammedans re- strengthening the village Chris- acting to the dynamic of evangeli-· tian Church is in danger of slip- cal Christianity and to the impact ping beyond our grasp. of Western civilization and cul- Missionaries cannot evangelize ture, striving to increase prestige India. That must be done by the and influence by enrolling the out- Indian Church. We missionaries castes and by directly attacking must work through and with the Christianity, but the outcastes Indian Church. Good strategy themselves are aroused and on the would seem to say, "Evangelize move. They have organizations India's villages by building up the and hold conventions. The Maz- village church as rapidly as pos- habi Sikhs (outcaste hangers-on sible. Tackle the problem of high of the Sikhs) some time ago held caste evangelization through the a convention and issued a printed Christian Church." And yet, after statement in Punjabi to this ef- nearly one hundred years, we have fect : "We are tired of being in our mission area a total Chris- treated like cattle by the Sikhs.

tian community of only 42,000, out We ought to stand upon our own of a total outcaste community of feet. We intend to unite ourselves about 750,000. In other words, we with either the Arya, the Moham- have effectively reached only about medan, or the Christian religion, one-twentieth of the outcaste com- whichever can wipe out caste dis- munity we are responsible for. tinctions and receive us."

Nineteen-twentieths are still out- Is not this a fact full of signifi- side the Christian community. We cance and encouragement? The have not, in many cases, had the village church is weak, yet the re- resources, human and material, to ligion it represents is placed by hold those we have gained, to say these outcastes on a par with nothing of extending our efforts. Hinduism and Mohammedanism, Of this 42,000 baptized com- with all their prestige and wealth.

munity, it should be noted that Our missionary efforts have been only about 5,000 are full communi- inadequate, yet they have been re- cant church members and only spected by friends and foes alike.

about one-eighth have been effec- The outcaste may be depressed and tively taught. It is this infant illiterate but he is no fool. He church that must withstand the knows that his first friends were onslaughts of such organizations the Christians, and that today he as the Arya Samaj of the Hindus, can have real fellowship only from and the Ahmadiya sect of the Mo- the Christians. He wants to stand hammedans, both of which make on his own feet and get some- Christianity the special object of where; but he is puzzled. He their attacks. The Church in would probably like to come our India must meet organized opposi- way, and enter the Christian fold, tion which has wealth, tradition, as many of his friends and rela- and education back of it. Can the tives have already done; but he is Church in America fail to stand flattered by the attention of his back of the Church in India in this masters who once decreed him an time of crisis? outcaste. Will the Church receive . In this time of religious, social, him and see him through?

2 BY THE REV. ERDMANN D. BEYNON PaBtM, Oentenary Magyar Methodist Ohurch, Detroit, Michigan T HOUGH the strait which di- danced in the light of the flame of vides Bali from Java is so the funeral pyre. It was an at- narrow that one can easily tempt to portray the mysteries of look across it on a clear day, a life and death, joy arid pain, the whole world of thought divides the hero tales of the Mahabharata and two islands. Since Islam over- the Ramayana and the craving of threw the Majapahit dynasty in the soul for release from its temple Java four centuries ago, Hinduism of clay. When the dance was has been extinct on the larger is- ended, Szoemba lay exhausted on land; but the worship of Siva the ground beside the smouldering flourishes today on, Bali as per- pyre. Her American admirer haps nowhere even in India. The picked her up, paid her relatives beauty of Bali's scenery, the splen- the 2,000 Netherlands forint-the dor of its temples and the artless price of a bride-and took her to charm of its inhabitants combine live with him in a hut he had built in drawing to this remote island in the dense woods on the moun- travelers from the entire civilized tainside. They were not left unworld. Such a traveler in search of disturbed in their sylvan retreat.

adventure was Arnaldo Cipolla, a It was that very summer of 1926 young Italian who spent some when Batoer began to belch forth months in Bali in the summer of lava upon all the surrounding 1926. For a time he made his countryside. From the devastated headquarters at the pasanggrahan villages the bewildered peasants or resthouse built by the Dutch flocked toward the lake. They Government for the use of travel- pas sed Szoemba's hut. They ers, high up in the mountains at stopped and begged her to appease Kintamani. Near by is the double- the angry god. "Perchance it is coned active volcano of Batoer, one through love of you that Siva is of the mountains of Goenoeng destroying our country. Will you Agoeng, the mass of high moun- give yourself to him to save your tains which fills the eastern end of people?" The American begged her Bali. to flee with him to safety. It was In a neighboring village he saw of no avail. "I must save my peo- fourteen-year-old Szoemba, one of pIe," Szoemba said. Once more the Legong dancing girls at Siva's . she put on the golden crown and temple. Cipolla tells how a young the garment of glittering silk. At- American, who also was staying at tended by the weird music of the the resthouse at that time, became gamelang, she advanced from her madly in love with the beautiful hut directly toward the volcano. Szoemba. It was the occasion of In time the American heard the her last dance, in honor of the cre- gamelang no longer. It had ceased mation of the body of a prince of to play. The natives who escorted one of the native dynasties. With her toward the volcano were hur- a gold crown on her head and a rying back. But Szoemba did not .garment of sparkling silk, she come back. The eruption ceased 738

BELOVED OF SIVA

shortly after. When the lava a r y Society-Utrechtsche Zend- cooled they found her body. The ingsvereeniging-has done work gold crown had melted into her on Bali. After many vicissitudes face. Her body had been burnt to it seems to have gained a stable cinders. The peasants guard her foothold. As long as Bali re- memory, for they believe that her mained "unspoiled," as the Tourist willing sacrifice of herself to Siva Agencies put it, such missionary saved them from his anger. effort was probably equal to the Szoemba's dance· of de a t h situation. Today, however, Bali startled Cipolla and showed him is receiving such publicity as it that he had only partially under- never received before, in America, stood the Balinese character. On England, Italy, France, Germany, the surface the Balinese seem to be Hungary and many other coun- all softness, creatures of sunshine tries. It is being represented as a and dance and song. Yet there veritable garden of Eden, where were few places in all the Nether- the "tired businessman" may go lands East Indies where the Dutch and sate himself with pleasure at had a more desperate struggle to the expense of the innocent, mirth- gain control. .In 1844 the Rajas of ful inhabitants. Pictures of Balin- Boeleleng – the principality of ese maidens with sarongs reaching North Bali, to which belonged up only to their waists and carry- Singaradja, the present capital- ing on their heads offerings of and Karangasem-the principality fruit, flowers and rice to the tem- at the east of the island-asserted ples-such are the advertisements their "shore rights," i. e., the right which some tourist and steamship to loot wrecked ships. From that agencies use to induce adventurers time on the Dutch sent expedition to visit Bali.

after expedition against one after Bali will not long be unspoiled.

another of the nine principalities Can it be won for Christ before of Bali. It was only in 1908 that the adventurers of Western lands Dutch rule became supreme over ruin the very soul of the people?

the entire island, though even now Can that heroism such as Szoemba the regents of Bangli and Gianjar displayed be turned toward the and the Raja of Karangasem still salvation of the Balinese from enjoy some shadow of autonomy moral ruin? The most prominent under Dutch supervision. The feature of the Balinese landscape assertion of "shore rights" and the today is the ever-present poera or long struggle of these petty princi- village temple. If these temples palities against the foreign invader could be transformed from the showed that the Balinese have a worship of Siva to that of Christ, sterner, darker side to their char- Bali might not be so attractive to acter. the adventurer from the West, but The Balinese to-day n u m b e r the Balinese race would be saved roughly one million, and they pre- from its doom, a doom which sent to Christianity one of its big- awaits it in a very few years un- gest challenges in this decade. For less Christian missionaries use this many years the Utrecht Mission- opportunity.

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS DE-

VELOP SELF-SUPPORTING CHURCHES?

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL " T Secr6tary~ Presbyterian Board of l?Qrciyn Missions, New York HE poverty of China is and his reputation. It will be great, for I was born there necessary to call on the borrower and have seen it. But it is for the interest as he will likely nothing like that of India where I forget the day it is due. He has no now live." This is the substance calendar in his mud hut and one of a statement made to me some day is much like another. It may time ago by one of our missionary take much time to extract an anna women. I have just spent two from a borrower who declares he months in India and am now on has not got it. Harsh words and my way to China via Siam and the blows may be necessary. This Philippines. I expect to see pov- means exertion, particularly in the erty in China in the wake of the hot season when the thermometer armies and the brigands. Neither is 120 degrees in the shade. It is one leaves much behind. Yet the a gambler's chance on the return Chinese are thrifty. I am told that of the principle, this tending of a Chinese village always has three money to the poor Indian villager.

animals-a pig, a chicken and a So the money lender, for self-pro- dUCk. What the pig leaves from tection as well as for reimburse- the family larder, the chicken gets, ment for his effort-and it is real and what the chicken misses in the work-charges a rate of interest pool or canal the duck swallows. that seems to us like getting back I doubt if the average Indian viI- your money on the installment lager has such a well stocked farm plan. At any rate, this system is yard. In fact he is a farm laborer one which results in keeping· the with a wage of about two to four average villager in debt for the cents a day. Finding it difficult to rest of his life, and it gives the support his family on this sum, he money lender plenty of exercise, approaches the money lender. If vocal and pedal, in collecting his the latter is willing to accommo- interest.

date him with a loan at the "low If perchance the villager has a rate" of one anna per month for marriageable daughter, or worse each rupee, the borrower has as- luck more than one such liability, sumed an obligation of paying 12 the cost of the wedding ceremony annas per year on 16 loaned, or will never be less than one year's 750/0. If the money lender has income. It may be more. He visions of more than ordinary diffi- simply cannot "lose face" in his culty in collecting his principle, he community by "bucking" age-old will likely charge from 125 to custom. He accepts the inevitable, 200%. throws prudence to the winds, If this appears to you as usury, feeds everybody with rice and ponder this fact. The intending curry, and sinks deeper into debt.

borrower probably has no other I draw this picture so that you collateral than his earning capacity may see its relation to the problem 740 of developing a self-supporting to help those abroad who help Church by the villagers of India. themselves. Therefore I was in- We need this setting for our prob- terested to learn what the local lem. Otherwise we shall not under- Christians would do. This touched stand it and might reach false the heart of the problem. We sepconclusions because of wrong arated with this challenge. promises. A sympathetic acquaintance with conditions is essential. Since further contact with vil- lage conditions in all of Presby- I must confess that upon my terian Missions in India, I have first contact with India's poverty- concluded that it will not take a stricken Christians, I was dis- century for the Church to reach self-support. Only to a limited exmayed. The situation seemed well tent was I able to see what some nigh hopeless. I reasoned that of the other Mission Boards in perhaps in a hundred years, when India are doing with this question the economic level may be higher of self support. However, I have and the income of the village Chris- seen the report* of a very complete tians greater, they may be able to survey of conditions made over an support the Church. But this is a extensive area, and I have been long time to· wait. Two months heartened by the facts it presents. have slipped by since I sat one I want to share with you some of morning under the open sky at a its information. village edge, conferring with the leading men and the district mis- I am convinced that self-support sionary about their need of a in India and in every other land is church building.. One of them de- a spiritual problem. It is also an clared that more important than economic problem, psychological building the church was the remis- problem, and an educational probsion of the poll tax of eight annas lem, but these latter are suba year (16 cents) on each family. ordinate however to the main one. As I was a foreigner, he seemed to In the last analysis, it comes down think that I had sufficient author- to just this: Has the individual ity with the Government to regu- sufficient spiritual life to do what late the taxes! One needs only to is required? Economic status may get away from home, you see, to affect the amount of the gift, but be lifted to a place of honor, im- it will not determine the quality aginary though it may be. It was of it or effect the practice of givplain that this brother could not be ing. The psychological attitude dealt with on a spiritual level. I of inability to give which so many was glad that others in the group of the villagers of India, and of strenuously opposed his view. America for that matter, have, can They had some spiritual insight. be changed through education, One even suggested that if all the provided the individual is spirit- Christians would pray for ten days ually and not carnally minded. consecutively for the necessary land, one of the land owners of the If the whole matter is put upon community would give it to them. a spiritual plane at the outset, This revealed progress in our in- there is certainty of success. That terview. Through an interpreter this is not merely theoretical and I tried to get across to them the pious reasoning, I shall prove from idea that American Christians like * Self-Support jn Village Chul'ches, A r€'port of a survey, by C. H. Loehlin.

facts presented in Mr. Loehlin's Christian Church take them into report. I heard the statements account?

presented that morning on the edge It is being done in certain quart- of the village summed up in, "We ers. In the district of Dornakal in are too poor to give." I heard it East Central India, the Indian again in places inside and outside Anglican Bishop heartily believes of India. I knew that those who in self-support. A village congre- said it were poor. Some of them gation planned to build a 500 rupee probably poorer than anybody in church. They asked aid from the the United States. But even so, Diocesan Fund. The Bishop told they are not too poor to give some- them he knew a better way than thing. I feel that a mistake has that to get the money. He called been made in too ready acceptance together the women of the congre- by the Church in America and by gation and asked them what could some of the missionaries of the be done. They all thought the psychological attitude "too poor to church was too poor to raise the give." Judged by our American money. "Will all the women who standards of living, it is easy and prepare only one meal a day for natural to accept the statement the family, please come over to that a person who seldom if ever this side," said the Bishop. Not knows the satisfaction of having one arose. It was evident that had enough to eat, and who is im- every family had at least two meals mersed in debt, is too poor to give a day. There was some grain at anything, even to the Lord's work. hand, so the Bishop said: "I want Yet such persons can give work or you to give for the building of your a part of their daily food, rice or church enough grain or flour, each other grain, and occasionally, when day, as will reach up to the middle they have any money they can give joint of your fingers, when you a portion of that. measure out the grain for the fam- In developing giving, we should ily meal. He then measured out ask: What support before conver- before them what would make a sion have the people given to their week's offering of this sort. With former religion? One person told eighty families making contribu- me that converts could not be ex- tions in this manner, the value at pected to give as much to the sup- the end of a year would equal about port of Christianity as to idolatry, 150 rupees. The women saw the because Christianity lifts them to point and agreed to try this better a higher social plane with conse- plan. What was the result? The quent higher cost of family mainte- first year's gifts amounted to more nance. The amount spent in the than 150 rupees. At the end of the support of idolatry, even by the three years, the congregation de- poor, is in the aggregate a huge cided that they would like to have sum annually. The Hindu shop- a church worth double what they keeper, when he opens his shop had originally planned and they each day, puts a pice (0 cent) decided to build it all from their aside for the temple. The income own offerings. Compute what the from land owned by the Hindu members of that church gained in temple goes to the priest. The spiritual values by their own ef- Hindus are accustomed to these in- forts. They secured values that digenous methods of the support of could come to them in no other religion. Why should not the way. Though the church structure

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS

was delayed, every member was in things practical, carpentry and growing in grace and was experi- weaving, so that he can go into a encing the daily joy of giving. village and support himself while Their building is a monument to a conducting religious services and method which can be copied any- teaching the children to read.

where in the foreign field. It is Seven men thus trained are now not patented nor copyrighted. in service. A like number of Mis- Another indigenous method in sion paid workers are thus set free India is the offering at the festival for work elsewhere.

held at harvest time. Pastors have At Ongole, the Baptists are urg- their people assemble. One villager ing self-support by having the In- may bring a chicken, another a dian pastor farm a piece of land goat, another a calf, according to given by the Mission, or work as ability. In the Dornakal Diocese an artisan, say a leather worker.

most of the gifts come from the What the pastors thus earn is sup- daily handsful of grain throughout plemented by the harvest festival the year, the next largest amounts offerings of the Christians. This come from the gifts at the harvest again is an indigenous method. The festivals, and the least amount United Presbyterians in India ex- comes from the subscription lists pect their Indian pastors to be of actual money. These Christians responsible for raising their own are the poorest of the poor; they salaries. It is said that this plan live in straw huts and sleep on the keeps the pastor busy, for the ground. The reason that they give Pun jab i Christian wants his as they do, is because they have money's worth. Unless the pastor been taught to do it from the very is faithful to his duty of teaching, beginning. It was a part of their preaching and visitation, the peo- instruction in the Christian Way ple delay their offerings. In South of Life. They were not considered India the daily gift of grain from "too poor to give." They were the family food supply is generally told that every Christian must give practised by the rural Christians.

according to ability. Consequently Earthenware jars for holding the they have grown up as Christians Lord's par t ion are distributed believing that they should give and among the people and are widely they experience real joy in doing used. The Roman Catholics, who it. The ordinary way of doing would never admit the principle things seems to have been reversed that people are "too poor to give,"

at Dornakal and with excellent re- are said in South India to require sults. Instead of the Mission start- of the fisherfolk the catch on Fri- ing the work and then gradually day for the Church.

withdrawing, the Indian Chris- The individual gifts of the In- tians themselves saw the need in dian Christians in the areas re- Dornakal, began the work, and ferred to are not large, about one now three English missionaries are rupee (36 cents) per year. It may there working under an Indian look pitifully small. In the aggre- Bishop. No expensive buildings gate, however, it is producing self- are put up, but what is within the support, giving large numbers in ability of the Indian Christians to the Church the joy of accomplish- provide and to maintain. While ment developing independent rath- the Indian evangelist is trained in er than dependent, servile, parasitic things Biblical he is also instructed· Christians, the sort of folk on

whom we can depend to do their ing. We must be careful not to share, according to ability, of evan- repress or discourage this expresgelizing their fellow nationals. I sion. The Mission's psychological have drawn most of my illustra- attitude regarding the new betions from India, because if the liever's status must be "ability to Christian Church can attain self- give." "They can who think they support there, poverty stricken as can" was one of the mottoes used most of the Christians are, it can with excellent effect in it series of attain it anywhere. missionary conventions in America some years ago. I commend it to Evangelism which rightly urges the Christians of rising churches the giving of the heart to God must in non-Christian lands. I commend include the giving of possessions. it likewise to those missionaries There has been too much leaning who have the privilege of the early on foreign help in many quarters. training in stewardship of those who are just learning to take the The psychological attitude "too first steps in the way of the life poor" to give can be changed by abundant. education to "I want to give." Love expresses itself in an offer- WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM The following statistics from France-Paris Rapt. llfctn, The Lutheran of June 19, are im- Montbeliard …….. . pressively of special interest in Alsace …………. . 27,570 connection with the four hundredth 245,077 anniversary of the Augsburg Con- Holland ………….. . 85,000 Italy ……………. . fession this year. 986 North America COUNTRIES IN WHICH LUTHER- 4,505,286 ANISM IS ACTIVE IN 1930 United States and Canada 13,000 Greenland ………… . 80 Europe Bapt. Mem. Mexico …………… . 158 Cuba ……………. . 1,492 Denmark …………. . 3,364,500 Porto Rico ……….. . 1,961 Iceland …………… . 102,400 Virgin Island ……… . Norway ………….. . 60,817 Sweden ………….. . 2,200,000 South America 6,484 Finland ………….. . 6,051,000 Esthonia …………. . 3,426,060 Brazil …………… . 40,000 Latvia …………… . Argentina ………… . 4,000 Germany …………. . 870,000 Chile ……………. . 4,000 Danzig ………….. . 1,055,167 Paraguay ………… . 3,000 Austria ………….. . 30,182,421 Uruguay …………. . Czecho-Slovakia ……. . Dutch Guiana …….. . 319,440 Poland ………….. . 560 52,000 Lithuania ………… . 248,078 Asia 2,475 Russia …………… . 553,927 Hungary …………. . 537,000 India ……………. . 337,805 Rumania …………. . China ……………. . Jugo-Slavia 60,000 Japan …………… . 45,708 920,000 491 German ………… . 492,695 Africa Slovak …………. . 405,668 Switzerland ………. . Africa 120,000 55,000 Australia 1,000 Australia …………. . New Zealand ……… .

Grand Total of World Lutheranism ……. . 56,122,101

WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB-CONSCIOUS

INDIA?

BY THE REV. EMIL W. MENZEL lIfissiQrl,ury oj the Eva.rngcliool Synod oj North America T HE 5,000,000 reported Chris- ably far stronger than any direct tians in India are far from appeal a preacher can make. evenly distributed. In some This was well illustrated recent- sections of South India as high as ly in our own field. In the village one-third or even one-half of the of Sankra, five years ago, there population is Christian, while in was not one Christian. Fifteen other large areas there is not a years before a man and his family single Christian. Sakti State, with had become Christian and they a population of about 45,000, has were promptly chased out of the no Christians, while Jaspur State, village. Then, one family became less than a hundred miles away, Christian and remained in Sankra.

has thousands. Nor does it depend Today in that village, after five entirely on how much missionary years, there are 119 Christians, work has been done in any partic- making Sankra perhaps the strong- ular area. Madras, where the In- est outstation in our mission. The dian Christians have become a real state of mind in the two neighbor- power, has probably not had much ing villages is such that we have more missionary attention than reason to hope the thing will be many another section of northern repeated there. There has really or central India where the progress not been any individual responsible has been painfully slow. Even for the happening. It was rather locally we notice the difference. the power of suggestion spreading In Sakti State more work has been through the village.

done and over a longer period of Stanley Jones' brilliant work in time than in Sarangarh State, yet India is based on the assumption in the former perhaps three Chris- that the intelligentsia of India is tians have come out and in the further advanced in Christian latter two hundred. thought than either we or those Its the old story of "unto every- affected have rea liz e d. And one that hath shall be given." The through his meetings and round more Chrstians there are in a 10- table discussions he has drawn into cality the better the chance of in- the conscious mind of numerous creasing numbers. This is partly educated Indians many a Christian due to the fact that, while we all thought with which their subcon- pretend to be leaders, only very scious mind has for some time been few of us really are, but wait for at grips. Sub-conscious India may someone else to show us the way. be nearer Christianity than con- It is also due to the fact that going scious India realizes. At least that in company with others lends us is the impression one gets when both courage and conviction. But one reads the constantly increasing there is still a third reason, namely amount of semi-Christianized liter- that the subconscious appeal, ature which score upon score of which automatically comes through prominent Hindu leaders are turn- seeing other Christians, is prob- ing out. They are simply reading 745

Christian content into their Hindu to the refrain "and they have taken traditions, and realize only faintly, these almost aboriginal and drunk- if at all, the true source from en peoples like the Ouraons and which they are absorbing their Mundaris and made intelligent and ideas. educated peoples of them." He Just the other day I had an ex- recited how the Christian communi- perience which may prove to be an ties, though of most lowly origin example of how the subconscious and in the minority, forced the mind in India is being affected by rajahs of some of the most despotic Christianity. My family and I and backward native states to were on the train going from more progressive rule. I can still Raipur to Sakti. Two Indian hear him repeat and repeat- gentlemen were in the same com- "those Christians are always on partment with us, and from their the side of progress. In one gen- conversation it was apparent that eration they have made college both were public school officials, students out of savages that used fairly high up· in service. As we to drink themselves to death."

passed Tilda, where our new hos- For almost an hour we conpital is being puilt, one of the In- versed, most of the time being dian gentlemen inquired of me taken by the Inspector General of about the hospital. The conversa- public schools in east Chota Nagtion went on real tamely until one pur, in telling about the mission of the men made a remark that institutions and the Christian com- "there are only very few Chris- munity in and about Ranchi. I tians in India and they are not said little. A Hindu was saying very strong." what I wanted said to the third At this his companion, from his man, more eloquently than I could appearance undoubtedly an ortho- have said it. And, finally, the man dox Hindu, interposed-"But, you who made the remark about there must not judge from what you see not being any Christians in India here. You should go to Chota turned to me and said, "I suppose Nagpur and see what the Chris– you people are going to make tians are doing there." (NOTE:- Christians out of all of us."

Chhattisgarh in which we are How did he get that way? No- working is one of the backward body had said anything to him sections of India and has proved to calling for that remark, unless his be one of the most stubborn in the own subconscious mind told him acceptance of Christianity. Chota that Christianity is supplying Nagpur, a neighboring state, and something to the development of the particular field of the Gassner India and the Indians without Mission, has been quite responsive, which you simply cannot do.

in some sections one-third of the The work in our own Chhattispopulation having been affected.) garh district has been most uphill, Then this man went on to tell of but the power of suggestion, which the excellent schools which both at present is only tugging away at Roman Catholics and Lutherans subconscious Chhattisgarh, will conduct in Ranchi, the hospitals, soon break through into the con- trade schools, orphanages, welfare sciousness of many. And it will do organizations, and ·churches. Not it with such force that there can once, but again and again, he came be no mistaking its identity.

JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA*

BY CHARLES JOHNSTON JULY 4, 1776, is a significant modify or restrict the degree of date, as is July 14, 1789. The responsible government" after the corresponding day for India is act had been in force for ten years. Aug. 20, 1917. But India's decla- This commission was duly ap- ration was not made in India, nor pointed with Sir John Simon as by one or many natives of India. chairman, and, after two visits to It was made in the British House India, it has submitted to his of Commons by Edwin Samuel Majesty King George the two vol- Montagu, M. P., at that time and umes of the report.

for the next five years Secretary The first volume, entitled "Sur- of State for India. The heart of vey," gives an outline of the his- that declaration is in the first tory and geography of India in paragraph: dignified and diplomatic language.

"The policy of his Majesty's We may, perhaps, allow ourselves Government, with which the Gov- something more of freedom in con- ernment of India are in complete veying its substance.

accord, is that of the increasing A generation ago the Govern- association of Indians in every ment of India was in fact a mili- branch of the administration and tary despotism, whose strength the gradual development of self- lay, first, in the British Army of governing institutions with a view some 75,000 men, and, second, in to the progressive realization of the peaceful disposition and in the responsible government in India many divisions of the immense as an integral part of the British population of India. As a military Empire." despotism India had enjoyed, and That is the point of departure was destined to enjoy, complete in- of Sir John Simon's commission. ternal peace, a government cif law, The promise of the Secretary of administered by something less State for India, whose function it than one thousand Indian civil ser- is to interpret the will of the Par- vants, who, by universal testimony, liament at Westminster to the were wholly incorruptible; India Viceroy of India at New Delhi, or further enjoyed, or suffered, an at Simla, was fulfilled by the Gov- entire absence of partisan politics, ernment of India Act of 1919; this with the manifold activities which act contained a provision that, accompany partisan politics. When after a period of ten years had the government of Queen Victoria elapsed, and therefore in the year had taken the reins of power from 1929, a commission should be ap- the defunct East India Company pointed to inquire into the work- after the Indian mutiny of 1857, ing of the act of 1919 and to report her Majesty had proclaimed a de- as to whether, and to what extent, termination to admit natives of "it is desirable to establish the India to the various branches of principle of responsible govern- government, to the degree that ment in British India, or to extend, they were qualified "by their edu- *Reprinted from the Book Review Magazine cation, ability and integrity." By of 'l'he Np-u, York Times. 1861 a beginning was made to re- 747

deem this promise by surrounding The awkward division between the Viceroy and the Governors of these stalwart civilians and the provinces with councils, which in- new native Ministers was known cluded distinguished natives of In- by the awkward name "Dyarchy," dia, who were free to give advice which has had all the disadvanbut had no effective votes. In 1892 tages inseparable from divided authese councils were expanded. thority.

In 1909 John Morley, who had The Liberal aspirations of Morbeen made a Viscount, was Secre- ley and Montagu were not comtary of State for India. As a good pletely realized. Little clouds, such Gladstonian Liberal Morley felt it as presage the rains, gathered in to be his duty to extend to India the sky. The class of Englishthe principle of democracy, which, speaking native politicians, who in association with Lord Minto, had been voicing their ideas since then Viceroy, he proceeded to do about the year 1885, when the Naby introducing a very limited elec- tional Congress came into being, tion into the councils, though they expressed themselves as, on the still had only an advisory capacity. whole, entirely dissatisfied with the Dyarchy. The Montagu- Eight years later carne the fa- Chelmsford reforms had not gone mous Montagu Declaration, and nearly far enough to please them. then, in 1919, the Government of Further, the effort of the reform- India Act, embodying what are makers to do justice at the same called the "Montagu – Chelmsford time to the Hindu majority and Reforms." The Act of 1919 cre- the Mohammedan minority had ated a Legislature for each of nine widened the rift between these two provinces, of which Madras, Ben- communities, each of which was gal and Bombay are the oldest. It afraid of being overreached by the also created a Legislature for the other; and exactly in proportion whole of British India, which we as the reforms developed, hostility may call a central parliament or a federal congress, with the reserva- between the two communities intion that it is not exactly either of creased, with the result that in these two institutions. Each of India the word "communal" has the nine provincial Legislatures, come to refer to this fundamental a single chamber assembly, con- religious cleavage. We need not tained certain outstanding mem- include in this survey incidents bers, who were called Ministers, springing from the agitation set and to whom portfolios were en- in motion by Mahatma Gandhi, trusted, giving them authority sin c e the Simon Report was over the making of good roads, avowedly completed before that education, public health and sim- complication arose. ilar subjects, but in no case over police, the courts of law, or land So far the historic background, revenue. These "reserved" sub- very superficially sketched. Now jects continued to be administered a word about geography. The funin fact by the members of the damental division in India is be- Indian Civil Service, who had su- tween that part which is directly pervised the whole system of gov- under British rule (primarily the ernment and all its details since nine provinces with their Govthe days of the Indian Mutiny. ernors and Legislatures, already outlined) and the Native States.

SIR JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA

which are autonomous countries but that the division of authority under the suzerainty of the King- indicated by the word dyarchy Emperor, represented in India by should be abolished. Instead, practhe Viceroy at New Delhi. Since tically all departments in each the status of these native states is province should be turned over to fixed by treaty, the British Parlia- the Legislatures, with their Minment is not in a position to legis- istries, and that every effort should late for them. Therefore, the Na- be made to create and strengthen tive States, in area about 800,000 a sense of responsibility in a square miles, with a population of united Cabinet, the Ministers actabout 70,000,000, are not affected ing as a unit and held responsible by the Montagu-Chelmsford re- as a unit, in accordance with the forms, and enter only incidentally system at present followed in into the report of the Simon com- Britain, whose Cabinet is wholly mission under review. different from the President's Cab- inet at Washington. In general, With a good many unavoidable one may say that the prescriptions omissions, this is the substance of for the advance of India are altothe first volume, "Survey." What gether British in spirit and genare the "Recommendations" which erally also in form. There is very Sir John Simon and his six dis- little original creative imagination tinguished colleagues have been in them. moved to make? If the recommendations of the To begin with, they openly criti- report were carried out we should cize, even deplore, one element in have nine provinces, each with its the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms elected Legislature and Ministry, of 1919; namely, the provision but, effectively, all power would that the whole field should be re- remain, as at present, in British viewed ten years later-as it hap- hands. There would be even less pened, by their own committee. change in the central government, They say, with entire justice, that which would also remain predomithis promised, or threatened, re- nantly British, as would the army, vision stamped the whole scheme charged with the defense of India as provisional; that, so stamped, as an integral part of the British it could not possibly have a fair Empire. The report calls the trial; that, in fact, it did not get grouping of the nine provinces and a fair trial. They go on to express certain other areas a "federation," the conviction that this time-pro- but the reality is that the bond of vision should on no account be in- union implied by the report is still serted in any legislation based on the British Army. There is large their investigation and report; provision for local self-governthat, on the contrary, a quite in- ment, though the scheme might be definite period should be allowed for natural growth, which would criticised as too uniform, in view probably follow different lines in of the immense underlying diver- the different provinces. sities; but there is no doubt what- Having thus cleared the ground, ever that, if the ideas of Sir John Simon's commission are followed, they recommend that the system of the authority of Britain over India Legislatures and Ministers for the will remain undiminished. • nine provinces should be continued,

BOOKS ON

N INETEEN hundred and thir- foreign control it kindled and ty is a critical year for In- fanned new ambitions. dia and her population of Nowhere in the world is there over 320,000,000. Great Britain such a vast population with such a this year undertakes to come to great past and individual evidences terms with Indian nationalism. of such high grade ability as in The nineteenth century saw the India. China, Siam, Persia, Arabia, growth of the nationalistic spirit and even Afghanistan are inde- in Europe, and the concentration pendent with their own national of power in the hands of a few flags. But India is still denied great states which seemed des- self-government. Indians must ad- tined to rule the rest of the eastern mit the long list of benefits result- continent. The century closed with ing from British rule, but they Japan coerced by a Russian, claim that many of these were not French, and German combination, disinterested, and that they have the Chinese. imperial court fleeing been accomplished by racial and from Peiping before the allied economic discrimination. The In- troups, India under Curzon, her dian believes that he has just cause most masterful Viceroy, and Africa for complaint.

partitioned. In 1917 England proposed a Then the tide begun to turn. scheme, the Montagu-Chelmsford Resentment at European control system of diarchy, that was to be had been growing for many years, a first step to self-government. It but resistance seemed hopeless. was to be tried out for ten years The Russo-Japanese War was the and then revised as circumstances first demonstration on a grand seemed to warrant. At the end of scale that Europe was not invin- the decade a British commission cible. A new spirit flamed up in was appointed, with Sir John yellow and brown and swarthy Simon as chairman, to investigate men. Persia and Turkey demanded and make recommendations. The and obtained constitutional gov- Indian nationalists made vehement ernment, China became a republic, protests because no Indian was in- and Japan was recognized as one cluded in the membership of this of the world powers. India re- .Commission. The report was re- ceived only small concessions that leased in June of this year. It is were far from representative gov- to be discussed at a round-table ernment. conference in London to be held Next the great War shook every- this fall. Such is the political sit- thing that was shakable. It, and uation that brings India into the still more the diplomatic settle- newspaper headlines.

ments that followed, blasted in the For the last ten years probably minds of Asiatics Europe's claim no single human being has been to moral superiority. Wilson's ap- more talked about than an Indian, peal for self-determination might Mr. Gandhi, now under arrest.

be ignored by the statesmen at Those who criticise his conclusions Versai!les when it presented prac- cannot deny the purity of his char- tical difficulties, but to those under acter and unselfish devotion to 750 principle. Christianity may claim seeking to state the situation as it a share in such a product. Gandhi appear,s from different viewpoints. says that he is not a Christian, but His chapters treat of the emergence he freely acknowledges the influ- of nationalism, the great social and ence of Christ. He is one of the economic problems, the groups into significant phenomena of modern which Indian society is divided, the history. religious ideals to which India most responds, the home life, and the pros- Naturally the political crisis has pect for Christianity. With the wide called out a great bulk of books outlook of a student of missions and and articles. Miss Mayo's caustic comparative religions, and an intimate "Mother India," which for a time knowledge of Indian life, the author was a best seller in America, was packs in fervid style a large amount bitterly resented by Indians and of information and picturesque maprovoked both denial and counter- terial into this little book. charges. It is not difficult today to find reading matter on the sub- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups ject. Studying India. By T. H. P. Sailer. Paper, 25 cents. These are some of the more spectacular features of the situation This pamphlet presents two apas regards India. The main di- proaches, the first suggesting probrect contribution which American lems for study and discussion on the Christianity is making is its sup- subjects treated in Dr. Buck's textport of nearly 3,000 missionaries book. The other approach is for and the institutional work in which groups more mature and willing to they are engaged. To achieve the study. It divides the main group into greatest efficiency of this work, sub-committees representing respecthere is scope for the wise expend- tively the British Government, the Initure of much more than America dian nationalists, the masses of India, gives. We as Americans should the women, the Christians, and the not read about India merely to missionary body. Each sub-committee keep up-to-date or to satisfy idle meets separately for a period to precuriosity but to learn how we may pare a statement of its viewpoint. cooperate in promoting India's Later all the committees come tobest welfare. gether for a series of meetings in which each presents its statement and For the season of 1930-1931, The is questioned by the other. A list of Friendship Press of the Mission- specific references is given on each ary Education Movement has is- topic. sued the following books for reading and study: India on the March. By Dr. Alden H. Clark. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. India Looks to Her Future. By Professor Oscar MacMillan Buck. Cloth, $1.00; The first edition of this book ap- paper, 60 cents. peared in 1922 and was one of the most popular textbooks for young Dr. Buck, Professor of Missions and people and adults desiring simpler Comparative Religion at Drew Theo- presentation. It has been thoroughly logical Seminary, was born in India revised and brought up to date. Dr. of missionary parents, educated in Clark adopts in large part the excel- America, served as a missionary in lent method of concrete narratives India, and recently revisited the coun- which illustrate typical situations. He try in company with Dr. E. Stanley tells stories of Indian villagers and Jones. He writes with sympathy for outcastes which bring out clearly the the land of his birth and boyhood, difficulties which Christianity con- fronts and what it is able to accom- plish. The book makes easy and

pleasant reading and also furnishes alive today and mDves toward tomDrmaterial for discussion. rDW, cDvering a series of ses-sions which provide stDries, discussion ques- Do You Like Our Country~ By Ruth tiDns, references, and suggestiDns fDr Isabel Seabury. Paper, 50 cents. activities and wDrship.

This pamphlet presents suggestions The Golden Sparrow. By Irene Mason for a course 'On India fDr young peo- Harper. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. ple. It is based primarily on Dr. Clark's bDDk, but alsD suggests hDW This CDurse for leaders 'Of junior tD use a number 'Of other books in a children CDntains stories about a group prDgram 'Of study, discussiDn, service, of boys whose families represent the and wDrshio. It is therefore brDader more progressive thinkers in India toin SCDpe than the usual helps for day. ThrDugh the experience of this leaders and ShDUld be capable of more g110UP, the author, a missionary in Invaried applicatiDn. It will help to dia for fifteen years to the depressed integrate mission study into the re- classes in the villages, deals with ligiDUS educatiDn 'Of the church. SDme of the most baffling prDblems of present-day India. The second part Freedom. By Welthy Honsinger Fisher. is fDr leaders and contains backgrDund Cloth, 85 cents. material and original and practical suggestions for the use of the stories. This stDry – of tWD students, GDpal and Nalini, a brother and sister in a Bhaskar and His Friends. By Clara G. high-caste Hindu family, cDming intD Labaree. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. contact with the new forces in nationalism, western education, and This is a course for leaders of pri- Christianity is very delightful read- mary children and contains stories and ing for young people, and adults as informatiDnal material 'On India with well. The bODk is illustrated with suggestions for its use. These sugsketches drawn by Indian artist gestions are based on actual teaching students at Rabindranath TagDre's experience in using the material with school. three different groups of children. The author was for five years a mis- The Star of India. By Isabel Brown sionary in India, and there taught in Rose. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 75 cents. the Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training SChODl, in Sholapur, and aI- This reading book 'Of fascinating -so served as principal of the Josephine stDries 'Of old India and also India of Kindergarten. tDday is written for boys and girls 'Of junior high schoDl age. It tells Another interesting hDOk is: 'Of the adventures of heroic men and women, both Indians and westerners India in 1928-1929. By John Coatman. who have heloed the Indian people, 416 pp. Published by the Government and who have been deCDrated with the of India. Calcutta. Agent in Ameria, Star 'Of India. The illustratiDns, black The British Library of Information, and white sketches, are by Edith E. 551 Fifth Ave., New York. $1.00. Strutton, WhD lives in India. This is a report to the British Par- 'Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow. By liament on the moral and material Mary Jenness. Paper, 50 cents. progress 'Of India by the DirectDr 'Of Public Information of the GDvern- This is a CDurse bODk 'On India fDr ment, and is published "under the leaders of intermediates, based pri- authority and with the general apmarily on "The Star of India," but proval of the Secretary of State for giving other reference sources as well. India." It is a vDlume of first hand Like "The Star of India" it treats of information and judicial spirit-re- 'Old India and India of tDday, there markable fDr its authoritative presenbeing tWD units-yesterday's India tation of a wide range of subjects.

OF TRAVEL

Som e Things S een and H eard in Burma, Siam and Malaya BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER NO.7 work, medical service and social I NA tour such as this one is im- uplift, industrial missions and pressed by the vast variety that characterizes God's w 0 rId. physical training-but there is a There are ooth the surface variations and those that go deeper. rich variation in the types of mis- Interesting and informing articles might be written on "smelling sionaries in their personal charone's way around the world" (how rich and varied are the odors!), or acteristics and ideas; their denomon "chords and discords in many lands"; or on "traffic cops I have inational and theological cTohloerriengi~' met," or on "varieties of bathing their purpose and plans. experiences." One might write on also a striking variety in the native Christians met and in the churches and institutions established, in fi- nancial methods and ideals, and in equipment and organization.

"modes of travel-ancient and modern." This would include camel, donkey, elephant and horse, goofa (Tigris round tubs) and sampans; mule litter and ham- mock; tonga (two-wheeled car) and bullock ekka; sedan chair, wheelbarrow and ricksha; two- storied camel and cart and Peiping (springless) cart. There are also the most modern modes such as A BULLOCK CART I N INDI A steamer, tram car, railway, automobile and airplane. There are But in the midst of all this vari- the varieties in race and color, in ety there is, or should be, an speech and writing, in manners underlying unity. Any mode of and customs. A very interesting travel is useful that helps one to story m(ght be told of money and reach the goal; beneath the surfmoney-changers, or of foods-de- ace men and women are much the licious and malicious. Going deep- same in their instincts and needs; er we find world-wide varieties in children are attractive and lovescience and religion, in politics and able-in spite of dirt–in all lands .

industrial conditions, in the status the essentials to happiness and of women and the training of chil- well-being do not vary greatly dren. under all governments and all so- Similarly we have been im- cial and industrial conditions. pressed by the vast variety in mis- Righteousness, sympathy and unsionary work around the world. selfish service spell peace and pros- Not only are there varied methods perity anywhere.

-such as preaching and teaching, Also in missionaries and mission printed literature and colportage work we find room for almost end- 3 753

less variety, if we keep true to the ful work is among the Karens and basic purpose and principles laid the animistic tribes of the north.

down by Jesus Christ and the early The American Baptist Judson apostles (missionaries). We have College at Rangoon (with 600 stu- seen that so-called evangelistic dents, about 60% of them Chris- work or preaching is not always tian) has recently become a part successful and that educational or of the University of Rangoon.

medical work may produce even There are strong Methodist and larger results under the right con- Baptist schools for boys and girls ditions. Some workers under in Rangoon, and Burmese and every society and all denominations Karen theological seminaries for have evidenced the power of God the training of evangelists.

working through them. The great An impressive and fruitful piece essential has been proved to be of work is being carried on under God working through the mission- Mr. Dyer, one of the Baptist mis- aries and the need for Christ and sionaries, with the help of Chris- His Gospel, and their efficacy has tian students of the seminary and not changed. The power of the the college. Each week-end a group Spirit of God is the same in every of these students go on an evan- land and at all times. Thus in the gelistic campaign to some town midst of endless variety ther~ is, where there is a nucleus of Chris- or should be, essential unity. tians. This local group has made It has been our privilege to see special preparations and has ad- a wide range of missionaries and vertised the event. On Saturday Christian work in Asia. Some has afternoon athletic con t est s-of evidently been fruitful in abiding which the Burmese are fond-are spiritual results, while some is ap- planned between the local boys and parently barren. Human judg- the visitors. All the spectators are ment may be at fault. Wheat and invited to attend a concert or tares must be allowed to grow to- simple drama to be given by the gether until the harvest, but no Rangoon students in the evening.

servant of Christ will knowingly This is always a strong attraction.

sow tares. . Between the numbers on the pro- One of our greatest joys on this gram the Christian students give tour has been to see the unity and their testimony as to what Christ loyalty to Christ that characterize has done for them personally. This most of the Protestant mission- witness is more effective than a aries in Asia. That is the only sermon. It attracts townspeople motive that can make them willing and greatly benefits the boys who to remain at their task. It is too testify. Then the audience is difficult and too hopeless otherwise. invited to a Christian service on In every denomination and in Sunday morning and the afternoon every branch of service we have and evening are given up to per- found such spirit-filled, loyal sonal work with inquirers. On workers. Monday the visiting students re- Our visit to Burma was un- turn to their studies.

fortunately too short to permit The fruits of this evangelism are visits to Ava and other fields evident both in the lives of the where Adoniram Judson worked Christian students who take part and laid the foundations of the in the campaigns and in the num- Church in Burma. The most fruit- ber of inquirers who are led to

VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERIENCE

Christ. In one town near Rangoon The Burmese are, as a rule, a quiet, some girls of the mission school peaceful people, but they show no were so impressed that they be- satisfaction in their faces and no came Christians. The Buddhist power in their lives. The most parents of some became alarmed effective Christian evangelism has and thirty-five pupils were with- been done among the Karens and drawn from the school. It was other animists who have not been found to be "dangerous" to have brought so fully under the sway them under such Christian influ- of Buddhism. ence. But the school had proved its missionary character. The Siam is the only absolute montragedy of the situation is that archy left in Asia, and almost the while there are funds provided for only one in the world today. The the educational work, this effective people are mild and peaceful like evangelism has no place in the bud- the Burmese, and with their Budget and funds must be sought from dhist philosophy. Unfortunately time did not permit us to go furoutside sources. ther than Bangkok, the capital and The omnipresence of the Bud- city of canals. The land is so low that anywhere you dig a trench dhist priest with his begging bowl near Bangkok a canal appears. carrier impresses one in Burma. Consequently the drainage is poor The priest is not supposed to and malaria abounds. (Mosquito "beg," but an attendant carries a bags are always provided for the bowl into which those who wish to legs of guests at dinner.) In Siam "acquire merit" are permitted to too, the most fruitful missionary place an offering. Buddhism is work has been carried on in the much less oppressive and offensive North among the Laos who are than the Hinduism of India and animistic Buddhists. less antagonistic to Christianity than Islam, but its philosophy of One peculiarity about Siam is transmigration of the soul, its doc- that the country is almost wholly trine of nirvana (the extinction of an American Presbyterian mission all desire) and of salvation by field. The Baptists have had· a works (acquiring merit) are dead- work among the Chinese who have ening to progress and to spiritual been coming to Siam in increasing life. The priesthood-into which numbers, and recentfy Seventhall boys are supposed to enter for Day Adventists and Plymouth three years-is an incubus on so- Brethren have begun work. The ciety. The religious monks and American Bible Society is also an nuns and the myriad temples must important factor in the evangelizabe supported and without any ade- tion of Siam. quate return to the public. The Shive Dagon, that famous Rangoon "Is it an advantage for one detemple with its huge gold covered nomination to have exclusive respire and multitudes of shrines, is sponsibility for one field?" I asked a fair sample of Buddhism. I saw some missionaries in Bangkok. I multitudes of men and women had in mind the oft repeated obwalking barefooted around the jections to "denominational rivaltemple, kneeling before shrines ry." "Not altogether," they replied. and making offerings, while priests "Unfriendly rivalry is a detriment, chanted for them the prayers that but there is a stimulus to workers they themselves could not utter. in the presence of workers from another society." There is even in

religion a competition that pro- pendent Federated States (under motes efficiency. Monopoly has its British supervision) and Straits disadvantages. Settlements (under British con- trol) exist side by side. The Siam and the Lao country have British forbid direct Christian been wonderfully fruitful, but re- miSSIOnary work among Mohamcently missionary progress seems medans so that the Malays are to have been retarded. The Gov- practically untduched. No such ernment is ~riendly. The King tale can be told here as in the was educated in England but con- Dutch East Indies, where 45,000 tinues his Buddhist worship and former Moslems have become the priesthood and superstitions Christians. Most of the mission have a strong hold on the people. work in British Malay and Fed- In front of the house where we erated States is among the Chinese were staying, and before many who are the chief bankers and emhomes and shops, was the little ployers. Many are wealthy and birdlike "spirit house" in which build large, expensive houses that look like consulates or embassies. DUTCH MISSION LEPER COLONY- They are, however, not accustomed SUMATRA to such style and usually live in the kitchen or outbuildings, only openofferings of rice are made daily to ing the front of the house for state propitiate the spirits. occasions. These Chinese come from South China and are gener- In Siam, as elsewhere, there is ally wide awake and eager to learn only one power, one plan, one per- English. They therefore like to sonality, that can prevail. "What attend mission schools and colleges, message shall I take to the people which are commonly called "Angloof America?" I asked a Christian Chinese." The American Methoteacher of mathematics in Bang- dists have taken advantage of this kok Christian College. He was an eagerness and have opened many earnest and intelligent Siamese large and well-equipped educationwho had been a Buddhist and had al institutions. Altogether they given up all to follow Christ. I have 15,653 under instruction in visited his home and found his British Malaya. It is a great opmother still a Buddhist. He de- portunity. They teach the Bible voted part of his time on Sundays and conduct chapel services, but to preaching and teaching the Gos- the vast majority of their students pel. After a thoughtful silence, he and many of their teachers replied: "Tell the Christians in are non-Christians. Educationally America to send us only those these schools and colleges stand whose chief desire is to bring our high, but comparatively few of the people to know and follow Christ. students become Christians. Send us those who put Christ first." As in other mission fields, there are man y representatives of From Siam we passed into smaller missionary societies at Malay Peninsula, where inde- work in Malaya. Some of these are accused of being too prone to "poach on others' preserves" in- stead of doing pioneer work. Others are doing excellent work.

We attended an inspiring confer- done by the missionaries of Ghrist, ence of Christians, conducted at under the direction of the Spirit Kuala Lumpur by the Plymouth of God, to transform the flats and Brethren, during the Easter holi- morasses of Malaya social and re- days. Here we found a devout ligious life into a wholesome and band of about 200 Chl'istians, many active community dominated by of them young men and young the Cross of Christ. It cannot be women, who had l!ome from a ra- done merely through commercial dius of 200 miles on a three-day prosperity, or by legislation or sec- holiday for conference and prayer. ular education. Something higher The m 0 r n i n g meetings for and more powerful is needed. prayer were especially uplifting "Shall the missionaries be reand the Sunday morning Commun- called?" is the title of a recent ion Service will not be forgotten.

Here for two hours, with no leader but the Holy Spirit, the prayers, songs and testimonies continued to make God's presence felt.

While in Kuala Lumpur we met a Tamil from South India who showed strength and refinement in every line. His wife and family were at every meeting. A few years ago he came, as a Hindu, to Singapore for a holiday. There A MAT RIARCHAL HOUSE he met a friend who persuaded him to come to one of these conferences. article in an American periodical. He came, was impressed by what The author expresses the conviche heard and saw and ultimately tion that one half of the missionbecame a Christian. As a result, aries in the field should return he moved to Malaya for Christian home. But which half? He votes fellowship and service. Many such for the recall of those whom he instances might be told. declares to be old-fashioned in the- Singapore, one of the largest ology and unscientific in attitude shipping centers in the world and and method. In other words, he the mingling place of all races and would retain only those who could tongues and nations, is now a city pass an examination in the "wis- of over 500,000 inhabitants and dom of this world." Our observa- has a wonderful harbor which 10,- tions on this missionary tour would 000 foreign vessels enter every lead us to vote otherwise. The year. One hundred years ago it great work of missions has been was not much more than a fishing and is being accomplished today by village on a mud flat. Sir Stamford those who are most versed in the Raffles saw its possibilities as a wisdom of God, men and women port for British trade of the East who are most given to prayer and India Company, and acquired the whose scientific approach and island froin the Sultan of Jahore. power are those of the Spirit of What has been done by the British God. But only God Himself can in transforming the mud flats into infallibly choose those who should a great commercial center, can be go or those who should remain.

A NEW MISSION STUDY

RECONCILIATION TRIPS BY CLARENCE V. HOWELL, Director W HEN we study China let us have been in New York City for visit the Chinese in our own eight years making these contacts. city. When we study the I have been taking students and Near East let us visit the Syrians others on visits in New York to and the Turks in our home town, Negro Harlem, to Chinatown, to or the Greek, Russian and Armeni- Hindus, BUddhists, and Moslems, an Orthodox Churches in our own and to Radical Labor Headquar- community. When we study India ters. I'll tell you how. Of course, let us visit the people of India liv- you have questionings. Three ing among us as students or resi- questions arise in your mind: 1st- dents. And when we visit them Who am I? 2nd-What are Rec- let us do so in the spirit that E. onciliation Trips? 3rd-What re- Stanley Jones visits them in their lation have they to missionary own India. .He expects a quicken- work?

ing of his spiritual life by contact Who Am I~ with deeply spiritual Hindus and I am a Methodist minister, a Buddhists and he experiences what member of the Michigan Conferhe expects. He has a reverence for ence. My good helpmeet was a their sacrifice and his respect for deaconess in that Church. We are them is increased. He appreciates employed by the Home Board of their culture, their thought-power, our denomination-specifically the and their philosophy of life, and is Department of Evangelism-to be appreciated in return by them. evangels of good will to un- churched peoples as well as to racia1 We need these personal contacts. groups against which there is We are now like the botanist who antipathy. Our purpose is to had studied books on trees but achieve reconciliation bet wee n could not tell one tree from an- groups. By reconciliation we do other. So he made friends with a not mean agreement. The fire lumberman-eamped with him, glint of true friendship often lived with him, worked with him. comes from disagreement. There was a transfer of knowledge. This theoretical expert be- came a practical expert. I do not What are Reconciliation Trips ~ need to argue the case. You have Reconciliation Trips are group always wanted to go to the lands visits to Chinese, Indians, Japaabout which you studied-not nese, Italians, Russians, Syrians, aware that people of these lands Jews, Latin Americans and Nehave come to us, are right here groes; contact studies of mystic, among us. psychic, economic, social, political, industrial and labor groups. They Let me be your lumb~rman. I !fr. Howen will sflnd directions for conduct- are conducted in New York, Chiing Rll('h tl'ipf.1 to Ullyune who will send him cago, Philadelphia and Boston; but his addrPRs. TrillS ar~ being conducted In New York is our choice, for it has Chicagu, Room 1421, Chicago Temple; Boston, the greatest variety of races, isms, 14 Beacon St. (Boston Friendship Tours); and Philadelphia. Reconciliation Trips, 229 W. 48th St., New York City.

758 religions. The purpose of Recon- have a problem in order to think. ciliation Trips is to reconcile group So Reconciliation Trips make my to group, as well as person to per- group think, enrich their culture son-not to convert those we visit, and bring them into "love and not to be converted. Friendship, charity with their neighbor" fellowship, love between groups groups. have intrinsic worth, regardless of ideas either group holds. In dealing with the groups we visit we do not pretend to be su- The Method: The sine qua non perior to them. We do not repudiof reconciliation is to bring quar- ate their labels. How can we do relling persons, or anti-pathetic anything to bring about reconciligroups, face to face at the point of ation with a group against whom conflict. So we conduct groups of prejudice exists if we feel ourselves nordic blondes, many southerners, superior to them. These are not into the heart of Negro Harlem. sightseeing trips. People do not Our colored hosts show us through like to be looked over. These are their beautiful homes, churches not slumming escapades. People and other centers. Their most with self-respect resent slumming talented leaders address us on vital parties (without return engageproblems which are slurred in ments) . These are not social servnewspaper publicity. Their best ice trips. The tone of charity choirs sing to us Negro spirituals. degrades the group helped in the We eat food prepared by Negro eyes of the doner.

chefs in the Southern way-hot Relation to Missionary Work bread, fried chicken, waffles, and potato pie. We conduct the same Many mlSSlOn study classes kind of trips to about thirty other sponsor these trips. They find that groups. the trips make real the knowledge printed in the books. The Busi- There are by-products. My like- ness and Professional Woman's ness has little enrichment to offer Mission Club of Peddie Memorial my life, for I received the same Baptist Church, Newark, New Jerculture in the same kind of school, sey, had us conduct them on a trip the same kind of home, the same to the Near East. That was the kind of church, the same kind of subject of their study. I shall tell community. But that yellow man, you more of that trip later. They that black man, that "red" man have arranged to have us conduct can give me something. He re- them on a trip to Chinatown very ceived it from sources I never con- soon. The Department of Relitacted. Historians often say: gious Education of Teachers College "This migration meant progress, had us conduct them on a trip to for two strange cultures met." the World's Living Religions in New York City-Moslems, Hindus A second by-product is thought- and Buddhists. They have arprovokers. The new ideas of the ranged for another trip to Eastern "reds" are like percussion caps to Orthodox Churches. Professor our thinking. Their explosions William M. Gilbert, of Drew Theowithin touch off our thought proc- logical Seminary, had us conduct esses. I have known people who his class in missions on a trip to never thought before who thought Union Labor Headquarters. About for six months steady after a trip sixty per cent of our industrial through Radical Labor Headquarters. John Dewey tells us we must

laborers are immigrants. They penters of Nazareth in Jesus time comprise the groups which we did that kind of work. study in Home Missions. How can we fully know their problems if Then Dr. Salloum Mokarzel, we ignore their working condi- Editor of the Syrian World, told tions? A trip studying labor con- us about Syrians in New York City ditions brings us face to face with and the United States. We found their everyday life. Professor that it was not necessary to go to Gilbert has arranged for us to con- the Near East to find Syrians. duct this class on eighteen trips They are all about us in Greater during three years, six trips each New York. There are some thouyear. These trips are required for sands in other cities in America. credit. They bring with them their beau- tifuf social life and congenial hos- Two Typical Trips pitality. But they become soon assimilated and thereby we lose On the Trip to the Near East much of their culture and characmentioned above, we had a real teristics which have been developed Syrian luncheon at the Sheik Res- during the centuries. taurant with a variety of Near East We next come in contact with foods and Turkish coffee. Here the Moslem Turks in New York. we broke the same kind of bread We met them at the Bahai Center. that Jesus broke and blessed by the The Bahai faith has about the Sea of Galilee. It was concerning same relationship to the Moslem faith as the Christian has to the this bread that Jesus spoke when Jewish faith. Mr. and Mrs. Sefa he said: "The grass of the field received us most cordially. Their which today is and tomorrow is manner and way of life showed the cast into the oven." They cut the refined culture of the people grass, the flowers, the weeds today of Constantinople. Mrs. S e f a and let them dry. Tomorrow, when brought a Moslem girl friend, an they are dry, they burn them in the accomplished pianist, who played oven, rake out the ashes and place for us, and Mrs. Sefa sang Turkish the thin sheets of dough upon the songs. She also told us about hot oven to bake. The loaves are Turkish social life, changing cussome eighteen inches across and as toms and costumes. Mr. Sefa told thin as a pancake. us about Turkish economic and political forces. Both speakers We next visited the Syrian art answered our questions. The stores and brass shops. We were meeting of these refined Turkish fascinated by the beautiful Per- Moslems, honored with the title of sian rugs, brass art ware, and Bey, would have been a shock to Oriental furnishings. The Syrian many of the Mission Study groups inlaid woodwork made up of thou- a decade ago when many of us sands of insects of vari-colored thought of non-Christian peoples woods created a desire to buy. But as barbarians. The tremendous they sell at $250 to $2,000 each. revolutionary change in the status They call those who create this of women in Turkey has been efbeautiful woodwork, carpenters. fected both from within Turkey I call them artists. I understand and from without. Only a few that this furniture and other deco- years ago in Mrs. Sefa's courtship rative work goes back hundreds of years. I am wondering if the car-

1930J A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE

days, young women were not al- look, using a new ritual. The Revlowed to know or keep company erend W. H. Pitkin told us about wit h their would-be husbands. its basic beliefs and religious free- They were not only veiled but were dom. It so happens that most of shut-ins. Today in the prominent the members are Theosophists. centers the customs and costumes They welcome into the church as are much the same as those in the members, Hindus, Buddhists, Mos- West. Perhaps the danger is that lems, Jews or Atheists. they are adapting some of the evil ways of the West along with "Occi- Within the Bahai Center a Mosdental freedom." lem scholar from Egypt told us about the religion of Islam. We We had our dinner at a Russian became aware, our speaker being restaurant in a highly decorated Negro, that the Moslem makes no room, Russian art scenery with discrimination on account of race Russian Balalaika orchestra, and or color. Perhaps this is our waiters from the land of the bear. "Christian" handicap for mission- We became Russians ourselves. ary efficiency in Africa. Weare We next attended the Russian Or- respecters of persons contrary to thodox Church service. The con- the teachings of our Lord. The gregation was, for the most part, Moslem faith, propagandized by of recent emigres. The church the poorly trained trader and unpeople stood or knelt throughout lettered layman, is walking with the service. Special seats were great strides southward on the provided for us and the President continent of Africa. Setting over of the Church Board, Professor against this our color antipathy Vladimir Peter de Smitt, explained and the imperialism of the sothe service and then interpreted called Christian nations enslaving the symbolism and Ikanostas. African peoples, how can Chris- Since this trip our mission study tianity compete with the Moslem books have become vital with a liv- faith? ing interest. We have seen and heard the things whereof the At the Jainist and Buddhist writers speak. Temples, which are located in the Oriental Gallery of the Metropoli- The following day, we conducted tan Museum, a Buddhist scholar, over a hundred students and others Mr. J. Vijaya Tunga, interpreted on a trip to Moslems, Hindus, and to us the spiritual and ritualist Buddhists. This trip was especial- significance of the elaborate carved ly prepared for the Department of work of Oriental symbols in these Religious Education, Teachers Col- temples. He has been a teacher in lege. As an introduction we visited the school of Rabindranath Tagore the Liberal Catholic Church, the in Ceylon, India, and a member of Church of St. Michael, the Arch- the Board of Examiners of the angel. The Holy Eucharist was University. sung according to the use of the Liberal Catholic Church-music, We next went to the Dharma chanting, candles and flowers; MandaI Society, Hindu. After a priest, deacons, alcolytes in white period of music and Hindu rituals, and crimson vestments. T his we were addressed by two cultured church is not Roman Catholic, not Hindu speakers, Professor Keskar Episcopal, but Modernist in out- and Professor Chatterji. Both manifested the confidence of an

ancient faith which has grown con- received much more value. And servative in its old age. we could not have received as much without a program worked out in The Maha Bodhi Society of advance. In fact, we continually America put on a special service have on Reconciliation Trips misfor us. The sermon was by the sionaries and others who have just Venerable Thera p. Vajiranana, of returned from the countries whose Viddhodaya College, Ceylon. lands we are representing on the – Had we taken this trip in the trip. heart of India we would not have PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENGLAND FACTORY TOWN T WENTY language g r 0 ups while making about twenty calls, comprise the parish of a lay and supplied each family with the missionary in a textile city desired language, adding friendly in New England. The first ap- remarks as he was able to observe proach to a family may be convers- the prevailing conditions. ing with the father seated with his wife and children on a bench in the Visits are made to the county park Sunday afternoon in mid- jail, the general hospital, almssummer; or it may be speaking house, coffee houses and club. to a man who has been imbibing rooms, wherever groups may be liquor to his detriment, but who is found. They are very respectful still gentleman enough to notice and listen reverently to remarks and reply to a kind greeting from concerning the things of God. The an unknown friend. The past worker is invited to call again. winter has given ample illustration as to the wisdom of making ac- Russians are being reached, and quaintances with strange families they pass on the literature to by means of the surplus Sunday- others and eagerly call for more. Some of these little messages are school story papers which are do- sent through the mails to foreign nated by churches. shores and have found fruition in hearts long starving without the The worker began effort among Bread of Life. Testimonies of a few families, and was so encour- Portuguese and Italian recipients aged that he increased his range show that the Gospel relayed to the of languages until his pastor re- homelands by those accepting it ported twelve nationalities were here is bearing fruit among memfound in his Sunday-school, some bers of the same family separated of whom united with the church. f or years by distance.

The introduction is so simple Efforts begun eight years ago that one would think any Christian among a few neighboring families could easily undertake the work. h a v e broadened until approxi- Severay Sundays during the severe mately five hundred families and weather in winter the worker hundreds of individuals outside averaged fifteen calls during the family groups are provided with afternoon. In a city block and a Gospel literature at no expense to half on one side of the street he them. – Extracts from a letter f 0 u n d twelve language groups from a friend in Lawrence, Mass.

Missionaries Leave on not take into account the character

purpose of missionary work or the Advice of Consuls? consequences of abandoning it.

HE announcement, July 30, that Whichever course missionaries take, T the American Legation at Peiping, they are criticised. If they leave, they China, had "urged all Americans in are charged with timidity and conthe provinces of Hunan, Hupeh, Ho- trasted unfavorably with consuls and nan and Kiangsi not to remain at ex- Roman Catholic priests who stay. If po·sed posts but to withdraw to places they refuse to go, they are sneered at where they can be adequately pro- as foolhardy. There are undoubtedly tected," raised again the old and yet times when they can do no good by reoft recurring question whether mis- maining and when it is wiser for them sionaries should abandon their sta- to withdraw temporarily. Our point tions in such circumstance·s because is that they should be trusted to do their legation or consulate advises what is best in view of the circumthem to do so. stances in a given case, and have in unstinted measure the confidence and Manifestly, such advise should be the prayers of the home churches. given due weight, but manifestly also the missionaries concerned have both A.J. B. the right and the duty to exercise their own judgment in view of the Criticisms of the Church circumstances in a given case. They TWO classes are criticising the have usually lived longer in the coun- churches, and from opposite sides. try than their minister or consul. One class asserts that they are "losing They live among the people and know their hold" because they are not sufthem and their language better than ficiently "modern," adhering to "out- their diplomatic and consular officials. worn creeds" and not adopting up-to- Missionary work has been slowly de- date methods. How then do these veloped through a long series of years. critics account for the fact that the Local initial hostility and suspicion churches which have abandoned the have been gradually overcome. A hIstoric creeds and impose no creeds prosperous medical, educational and at all are no more prosperous than the evangelistic work has been built up churches which continue to hold them? representing self-sacrificing labor and As for adapting modern methods, large expenditure. Its beneficent character has become known and ap- how do the critics explain the fact preciated by the people of the com- that the Roman Catholic Church in munity. Should the missionary run America, which makes no concession away and leave that property to be whatever to "modern" methods and destroyed, the work to be disorganized, prides itself on its unchanging teachand he himself exposed to the charge ing, is thronged with worshippers, many of its churches being obliged to of failing to stand by the Chinese hold three or four successive services Christians, who as a rule, are in Sunday morning to accommodate the greater danger than he is? Of course, multitudes, including a high properthe advice of a consul should not be tion of young men and women? lightly disregarded; but diplomatic policy is naturally prudential. It does The other class of critics allege that the churches are weak because they 763

are "too modern," revising the doc- beasts, and tied others to stakes, trinal statements of former centuries in the effort to express the truths of smeared them with pitch and set them Christianity in twentieth century terms and emphasizing a social Gospel on fire. Undoubtedly Christians of instead of an exclusively individual one. How then do these critics ac- today ought to be more consistent count for the fact that the churches which are doing these very things are than they are, and undoubtedly too thriving as well as the churches that are not doing them? their inconsistences often bring re- A line drawn between the most proach upon the churche~. But there prosperous churches and the least prosperous churches would not run is no authority in either Scripture, parallel with lines of theology or methods but would run right across history or experience for the statethem, with conservatives, liberals and ad¥ocates of a social Gospel on each ment that "the world is hungry for side. Evidently, if the churches are dying, which we do not believe, it is the Gospel" and would throng the not because ,of their attitude toward either creeds or methods. churches if they were better. James If there were only one church avail- spoke of the world as at "enmity with able, so that a given man had no choice between attending or not at- God," and our Lord Himself, whom tending, there might be some excuse for outsiders. But churches are the world crucified, plainly warned numerous and with such varied types of teaching, methods and organiza- His disciples that they would be pertion that anyone who loves Jesus Christ and desires to witness for Him secuted. "They shall deliver you up should have no difficulty whatever in finding a church with which he can unto tribulation, and shall kill you, work. With several denominations and a dozen or more churches within and ye shall be hated of all the nations easy reach, if he does not get into some one of them, it is fair to assume for my name's sake." A. J. B. that the fault Is in himself. The Dominican Disaster Some dissatisfied Christians assert that it is the fault of .the churches WIDESPREAD sympathy has been that more people do not attend them evoked by the appalling calamity and that if Christians of today were in Santo Domingo when that fair isas consecrated in their lives as the land was swept by a teriffic hurricane, early disciples, the world would flock September 3. Distressing details into the churches and soon be con- from the outlying districts continue verted. Well, how did the world treat to come in as THE REVIEW goes to those early disciples whom we are press, but it is already known that the exhorted to imitate? It stoned Ste- number of dead exceeds 2,500 and of phen, persecuted the Church so that injured 10,000 or more; that the "they were all scattered abroad," property loss runs into millions, and scourged Peter and John, mocked that tens of thousands of survivors Paul, beat him with many stripes and were rendered homeless and destitute. cast him into a dungeon, drove hun- As usual in such circumstances, physidreds of devout believers into the cal relief for the hungry and naked arena to be torn to pieces by wild was promptly rushed in from neigh- boring islands and the United States, but the effects of such a disaster will be felt for a long time to come.

Relatives and friends of the mis- sionaries and supporters of the fine missiQnary work on the Island were deeply troubled. Their anxiety for the safety of loved ones was relieved by a cable received September 5, by the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, stating: "CAPITAL WORKERS SAFE. CHURCH DE- MOLISHED. HOSPITAL FUNC- TIONING." A further cable Septem- ber 8 read:

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Reports Mission workers fully con- the hundred and fifty mile gale, despite firm serious losses Santo Domingo. Be- its exposed position, and it is calling sides Red Cross relief, Union Mission for assistance from friends in the evidently will have large responsibilities United States. The old roof, in very for several months since this interde- bad shape previous to the hurricane, nominational mission is only one func- was torn away by the raging storm. tioning for Dominican people at Capital The Hospital is hoping to move into a where we have hospital with trained new building, begun some two months staff prepared for emergencies now ago, near the American Embassy and overwhelmed. Recently built church, the Presidential Palace. The demolition Capital and workers' homes demolished, of the church building, referred to in hospital and mission partially wrecked the cable, represents a heavy financial but still functioning. Suggest editorial loss to the Board. urging contributions from churches be sent to Board for Christian Work, Santo Hospital facilities in Santo Domingo, Domingo, four nineteen Fourth Avenue, in normal times, are entirely inadequate New York City. Full description, Union and there is pressing need for public Mission Santo Domingo found in chap- health work. It is estimated that there ter six, Inman's "Trailing the Con- is only one physician to every 8,700 quistadores." people, many villages being without trained medical service, and organized The following statement and ap- charities, here as in many other Latin American countries, are little known. peal, since issued by the Board, so "I rode into a town of over 3,000 peo- ple," writes one visitor, "where there clearly states interesting facts and was neither doctor, nurse, drugstore or health service of any kind." the duty and privilege of the churches Last year, when economic conditions that we gladly comply with the re- in Santo Domingo made it difficult for Dominicans from the interior to travel quest for its publication in THE RE- to the capital, the hospital, nevertheless, was treating 1,220 patients a month; VIEW. A. J. B. operating a baby welfare station (the only one in the Republic) and registered The Board for Christian Work in patients came from 200 towns and vil- Santo Domingo, whose secretary is Dr. lages throughout the country, some com- Samuel Guy Inman, has been at work ing as far as 225 miles. These folk in the Island Republic for the past ten travel a-foot, in ox carts, or on donkey years. It represents the combined Pres- back. Some are fortunate enough to byterian U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal have a Ford; others are brought in on and United Brethren Churches, and improvised stretchers which friends or maintains a hospital, social service and relatives bear on their shoulders. evangelistic work in the Dominican Republic. The Board for Christian Work is the only American missionary agency- with The "Hospital Internacional" (Inter- a Spanish-speaking staff in Santo Donational Hospital), conducted by this mingo City and is prepared to do re- Board has been striving to prepare lief work in the present emergency. Santo Domingo for just such emergen- The Board is hoping to cooperate with cies as the present one, by training any who desire to assist the distressed Dominican nurses (an unknown profes- Dominicans. sion among Dominicans before the American Hospital began its work), and Lambeth and South India building up a Dominican hospital and medical staff to care for public health CHURCH union is a live topic needs. This work is extremely difficult throughout Christendom. Wealthy and time-consuming and such situations as the present terrible disaster serve to congregations are strong enough to demonstrate more clearly than ever the great need which exists. get along as they are, but not the small With a popUlation of approximately a ones, particularly in village communimillion people, Santo Domingo has but ten hospitals, some of which are private ties in the home mission field where institutions, and, except for the Dominican nurses trained in the "Hospital five or six denominational churches Internacional," trained nursing service does not exist in the Republic. At this are struggling to live in communities time there are probably available in Santo Domingo, abo u t – twenty-five which can adequately support only one trained nurses, ten of whom are at present students in the hospital. church. On the foreign field, union is The "Hospital Internacional" is being even more imperative. Face to face conducted in an old Spanish building. Its thick old Spanish walls withstood with the stupendous obstacles that con- front Christianity in the non-Chris-

tian world, missionaries and their Church, "These opinions will carry boards and supporters at home are great weight throughout the world, more and more clearly realizing that and particularly throughout the Angli- the churches simply must get together can Communion." The resolutions .of if they are to meet their problems in the Conference were published in full, any adequate way. We have ,said many August 30th, in the two Protestant times, and we expect to say many Episc.opal papers in America, The times more, that a divided church can Churchman and The Living Church. never save the world and that it is no They cover a wide range of topics, part of the missionary duty of the but that which particularly interests churches to perpetuate the present sec- missionary workers is the one on the tarian divisions. South India Plan. The subject is of such widespread interest from the It is good to be able to add that the viewpoint of home and foreign mis- movement toward union is making sions that we append the full text of progress. Several organic unions have the deliverance, which was drafted by already been consummated in the the Archbishop of York. United States, Canada, Great Britain and on the foreign mission field, and South .India plans for other unions are at a promising stage. Thus far, however, no 17. The conference has heard with the mutually acceptable formula has been deepest interest of the proposals for found for union with the Anglican church union in South India now under Communion. The World Conference consideration between the Church of Inon Faith and Order at Lausanne dis- dia, Burma and Ceylon, the South India cussed the vexed question of ordina- United Church and the Wesleyan Church tion, but felt unable to g.o beyond a of South India, and expresses its high apfew generalities. preciation of the spirit in which the rep- resentatives of these churches have pur- The South India Proposal sued the long and careful negotiations.

The first concrete effort to solve the 18. The conference notes with warm problem was made by the churches sympathy that the project to which the and missions in South India, the main Proposed Scheme for Church Union in points of which were given in the South India bears witness is not the for- January number of THE REVIEW. It mation of any fresh church or province was reported to the Lausanne Confer- of the Anglican communion under new ence Continuation Committee, at its conditions, but seeks rather to bring tomeeting in 1929, which devoted a gether the distinctive elements of differwhole session to it. The sympathy of ent Christian communions, on a basis of many members of the Committee was sound doctrine and episcopal order, in a out.spoken, but the fears of others and distinct province of the Universal the policy of the Committee to make Church, in such a way as to give the only unanim.ous deliverances prevented Indian expression of the spirit, the anything more than a rather feeble thought,and the life of the Church Uniand non-committal reference to the versal. subject in the official findings. 19. The conference observes further, More definite action 'was expected as a novel feature in the South Indian from the Lambeth Conference of all Scheme, that a complete agreement bethe bishops of the Anglican Commun- tween the uniting churches on certain ion throughout the world at its meet- points of doctrine and practice is not exing in August of this year and it was pected to be reached before the inauguraawaited with mingled eagerness and tion of the union, but the promoters of anxiety. The Conference had no legis- the scheme believe that unity will be lative power and the bishops could only reached gradually and more securely by express their opinions. But, in the the interaction of the different elements words of the editor of The Living of the united church upon one another. It is only when the unification resulting from that interaction is complete that a final judgment can be pronounced on the effect of the present proposals. Without attempting, therefore, to pronounce such judgment now, we express to our breth- ren in India our strong desire, that as soon as the negotiations are successfully completed, the venture should be made

1930J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and the union inaugurated. We hope Canterbury recognizes "that the conthat it will lead to the emergence of a stituency that we represent is not part of the Body of Christ which will universally convincrq about all the possess a new combination of the riches provisions of the schene and wishes to that are His. In this hope we ask the see how it works out b('fore commitchurches of our communion to stand by ting itself to definite appreval"; and our brethren in India, while they make adds: "General approval doe8 not bethis experiment, with generous good will. come an endorsement. After all. South India is put on probation and is 20. The conference thinks it wise to warned that it will be held responsipoint out that af.ter the union in So~th ble for the results of a questionable India has been maugurated both mm- experiment." isters and lay people of the United Church, when they are outside the juris- Each reader will doubtless form his diction of that church, will be amenable own conclusion. We need only add to the regulations of the province and that, whatever interested parties may diocese in which they desire to officiate read between the lines, it is clear or to worship, and it must be assumed that the Conference did not disapprove that those regulations will be applied to the Plan, as some opponents had hoped individuals in the same manner as they it would do, but, on the contrary, gave would now be applied to similarly cir- it definite encouragement. This is a cumstanced individuals, unless any prov- great gain. The disapproval ·of such ince takes the formal action to change its an influential body might have blocked regulations. " the movement. Now the way is clear for advance. Official action is yet to 21. The conference, fully assured in be taken by some of the ecclesiastical the light of the Resolutions of the Gen- bodies concerned, and many prayers eral Council Gf the Qhurch of India, will be offered for their guidance by Burma and Ceylon adopted in February, divine wisdom and the Spirit of Christ. 1930, that nothing will be done to break the fellowship of the churches of the Why Be Pessimistic About Anglican communion, confidently leaves in the hands of the bisops of that church China? the task of working out in detail the principles which are embodied in the Pro- LET Americans, who imagine. that posed Scheme. the tumultuous conditions in China for a score of years mean that 22. The conference gives its general the Chinese are incapable of self-govapproval to the suggestions contained in ernment, read the following statement the report of its committee with regard of Andrew White, former President to the Proposed Scheme for Church of Cornell University and Ambassa- Union in South India, and commends the dor to Germany, in his essay on Groreport to the attention of the Episcopal tius, on page 55 of his volume entitled Synod and General Council of the Church "Seven Great Statesmen": of India. Burma and Ceylon. From the middle of the 16th century So far as we can judge from the to the middle of the 17th, throughout editorials and articles in a considerable those 100 years, was waged (in Europe) number of religious papers, this de- a war of hatreds-racial, religious, na- tional and personal; of ambitions, eccleliverance has not wholly satisfied siastical and civil; of aspirations, paeither the advocates or opponents of triotic and selfish; of efforts, noble and the Plan. The Christian Century in- vile. During all those weary generations deed characterizes it as "wholehearted Europe became one broad battlefieldand unanimous support." The Church- drenched in human blood and lighted from innumerable scaffolds. In the conman, however, says: "The Conference fused struggle great men appeared- heroes and martyrs, ruffians and scounapparently decided that it was wiser to drels: all was anarchic. avoid a possible acrimonius dispute or even a schism by giving no categorical approval or disapproval to the South India Union; yet it hailed this as the most hopeful augury of coming unity:' The Anglo-Catholic Li'Ving Chu1'(;h, which deems the Plan unwise and dangerous, calls attention to the fact that the accompanying Encyclical Letter of the Archbishop of

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE Have the nineteen women stand MESSAGES FROM THE PROPHETS in a row in the postures given by Sargent. When all are ready draw Secure from the Boston Public Li- the curtain, and call on them one by brary a colored copy of Sargent's one in order. Following portions of "Prophets" or find the same in a book Scripture were used at Northfield. on painting in your public library. Others might be chosen by the women themselves after a study of their Secure nineteen women to imper- prophets. This will make the ancients sonate the prophets depicted by the vivid to participants as well as begreat painter. Allow these to study holders. the picture thoroughly that each may visualize Sargent's conception of the Zephaniah: Zeph. 3: 17. person she is to portray. Use the very Joel: Joel 2: 28; 3: 14-16. simplest costuming, just enough to Obadiah: Obadiah verse 15. suggest the oriental garb. Nine can Hosea: Hosea 6: 1; 14: 1,4. use sheets, six should find brown Amos: Amos 5: 14. blankets or strips of dark bl'own cloth, Nahum: Nahum 1: 2,5,7. two may use slate blue or navy blue Ezekiel: Ezekiel 34: 26b; 35: 4, 9. blankets or cloth and three need rose Daniel: Daniel 2: 20-23. or violet blankets. For the central Elijah: 1 Kings 19: 14; 18: 37. figure use full yellow robe and cut Moses: Ex. 15: 11, 18; 20: 2-17. panels (3"xI8") from a large corru- Joshua: Joshua 3: 5, 9,23-24. gated box to represent the tables of Jeremiah: Jer. 29: 13; 31: 3. the law which Moses holds in his Jonah: Jonah 4: 3; 2: 2,7, 9. hands. Mark these with simulated Isaiah: Isa. 6:3, 8; 55:6, 7, 8, 9, Hebrew characters as in the picture. etc. Other properties include two scrolls Habakkuk: Hab. 3: 2. six inches wide and two feet long, Micah: Micah 7: 18. with Hebrew characters, a sling or Haggai: Haggai 2: 22. rope for Amos, a staff for Elijah and Malachi: Malachi 3: 7-10. a sword or a short stick to suggest a Zechariah: Zech. 4: 6, last sentence; sword for Joshua. 9: 9. Select from the words of each of these men of God a characteristic "THE ARMOR OF GOD"

prayer, imprecation, or command and Properties have each woman memorize hers. Then let a leader speak briefly of the Bible, helmet, breastplate, shield, mighty influence of these men of sandals, sword. prayer, and if she desires give outstanding characteristics of a few, the If obtainable, the sandals should be power, nearness, and almightiness of the oriental sort with straps for the Moses' prayer, Elijah's miracle-work- great toe. If not available, use low ing prayers, the sympathy and patri- slippers with no heel. otism of Jeremiah, the boldness of Daniel, etc. The breastplate may be made of cardboard cut like picture of breast- plate in Bible dictionary and covered 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

0) RIGHTEOUSNESS 12"

( L_ _ _ _~W~o~r~d~o~f~G~O~D~———-=> 2'

1 – < – < ' – – – – – – – – – – 2 4 " – – – – – – – – -…..1 o o o ~ mu« 0 FOR END OF VISOR 1I "

SALVATION 160/4-"

with silver paper. Use Denison stiff cardboard about 2' long and 2¥2" gummed letters to label it "Righteous- wide, sloped ta a point. Cover with ness." The shield should be 28" or silver paper and letter "Word of God." 30" long of corrugated paper and have The helmet is made of light cardboard the word "Faith" in 3" or 4" letters. or stiff paper like the accompanying Use silver paper for this and the pattern and also covered with silver helmet, too. The sword is made of paper and lettered "Salvation."

4

Outline Hymn: Faith of Our Fathers. Leader: Eph. 6: 17a. Place helmet Hymn: Soldiers of Christ, Arise- on youth's head. 1-3. Solo: There Is a Green Hill Far Away. Scripture: Rom. 12: 1-3, WeymQuth Leader: Eph. 6: 17b. Hand sword translation. to Youth. Jesus said: Mark 16: 15. Solo: Follow Me. All sing, Soldiers of Christ Arise, fourth and fifth stanzas. Youth and Hark the voice of Jesus calling, Follow leader leave on opposite sides during Me, follow Me! fifth stanza.

Softly through the silence falling, Fol- To shorten, omit several songs. low, follow Me! MARY AND MARTHA CLUB-A As of old He called the fishers when He walked by Galilee, PERSONALITY AND FINANCE Still His patient voice is calling, Follow, METHOD follow Me. Realizing our women and girls are Who will heed the holy mandate, Follow wanting to share in a large way in Me, follow Me! this Pentecostal year, we are asking that these clubs be formed in every Leaving all things at His bidding, Fol- church. As a result of the spirit of low, follow Me! the first Pentecost the followers of Christ put all they had into a common Hark, that tender voice entreating mari- fund. Thus they met the need of all. ners in life's rough sea Weare trying to meet the needs of our brotherhood through the General Gently, lovingly repeating, Follow, fol- Fund of the United Christian Mis- low Me. sionary Society. This is the bread and butter fund. Out of it must come the Hearken, lest He plead no longer, Follow maintenance of all phases of work. Me, follow Me! Here is where the need is most insist- ent. Once again, 0 hear Him calling, Follow, follow Me! The National Promotional Depart- ment is asking for 1,900 churches and Turning swift at Thy sweet summons organizations within the church to (Enter swiftly Youth) give $100 more this year than they did evermore, 0 Christ would we last year. In some places the church alone, the Sunday-school and other or- For Thy love all else forsaking, Follow, ganizations will each give $100 over follow Thee! last year. In other places it may take the combination of two or more or- Youth (in white): I heard the voice ganizations to meet this aim. In a of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I few instances it may take the comsend and who will go for us?" Then bined effort of all to reach the $100 said I, "Here am I, send me t" increase.

Solo: Follow the Gleam. In our adult missionary organiza- Leader: 2 Tim. 3: 17; 2 Tim. 2: tion department we now have the bi- 15; John 5: 39; Col. 3: 16. During ennial membership. If an individual the recital of these verses, hand Youth member gives a special gift of $50.00 a Bible. over a period of two years she becomes Youth: Thy word is a lamp unto a Biennial member. If, in this Pentemy feet and a light to my path. Teach costal year, she gives $50.00 as a speme Thy statutes. Open mine eyes that cial gift into the General Fund before I may behold wondrous things out of Thy law. CPs. 119: 105, 64b, and 18.) Hymn: Open mine eyes, that I may see. Leader: Eph. 6: 11-13. Pause. Eph. 6: 14. Place breastplate on Youth. Eph. 6: 15. Hand sandals to Youth who lays Bible on table, kneels, and fastens on sandals. Solo: Peace I leave with you, or, Peace, perfect peace. Leader: Eph. 6: 16. Hand shield to youth.

June 15th she is counted a Charter Although I must haTe Martha's hands, Biennial member. These Biennial I have a Mary mind; memberships will count on the $100 And when I black the boots and shoes, extra gifts asked for by the National Thy sandals, Lord I find.

Promotional Department. We believe I think of how they trod the earth, many more than 1,900 churches and each time I scrub the floor; organizations and individuals will give Accept this meditation, Lord, I haven't this extra love gift of $100.00. time for more.

Well, what does all this have to do with the Mary and Martha Club? Just Warm all the kitchen with Thy love this. We believe many women and and light it with Thy peace; girls have more time and talent than Forgive me all my worrying and make they do money. We want to help them all grumbling cease.

convert this time and talent into mon- Thou didst love to give men food, in ey by going into partnership with the room or by the sea, Lord. Accept this service that I do-I do it 1. As a member of the Mary and unto Thee.

Martha Club you agree to invest from (This prayer was written by U. K. 10c to $10.00 in some way to bring in H., a girl 19 years of age, who is in returns from the investment, all of domestic service, and was read to a which is to be given as a special gift large congregation by Dr. G. Campinto the General Fund of the United bell Morgan at Westminster Chapel, Christian Missionary Society. London. Reprinted from The West- minster Record.) Printed in the July, 2. You may invest your time in 1929, issue of THE MISSIONARY REgiving lessons, caring for children, typing, washing and ironing, sewing, VIEW. cooking, etc. All this to be done as individuals in partnership with the As a member of the Mary and Mar- Lord, praying daily for His guidance, tha Club I agree to invest a sum of and blessing on all the world-wide money (lOc to $10.00) with the Lord work. We are to have the "Martha as my partner to work earnestly and hands and the Mary mind." Dig up persistently that all the returns from the buried talents. Don't be afraid this investment may be my second nor ashamed to work with your hands. mile giving in Pentecostal sharing Christ was a carpenter-Paul was a with others that the need of all may tent maker-Lydia was a seller of pur- be met. ple. God will surely add His blessing to this consecration of time, talent and I will put no limit on the amount money. Don't put a limit on what your to be received from the investment. gift may be. Make a real honest ef- Praying and working, this is my adfort and you will be greatly surprised venture in faith with Him. This gift at the results. This is a Love Gift will not count on regular aims. It is over and above regular dues and of- to be sent through my missionary orferings and wiLl not count on regular ganization to the General Fund of the United Christian Missionary Society.

aims. List of Members I DO IT UNTO THEE Name Amount invested Lord of all pots and pans and things; President, since I've no time to be Vice-Pres.

A saint by doing lovely things or Secretary, watching late with Thee, Treasurer, Or dreaming in the dawn light, or Lit. Secy., storming heaven's gates, Make me a saint by getting meals, and washing up the plates.

The following helpful Junior Ma- classroom. It seems to give them a terial was furnished by Mrs. C. K. feeling of reverence and holiness, as Lippard, of the Lutheran Board: well as of achievement.

For the Leader Who Says, "We Contacts with foreigners near by Can't A:lford" sometimes cost nothing, yet bring about world friendship in the most Save sheets from your large adver- natural and fitting way possible.

tising calendars. The blank backs Friendliness to the Chinese laundry- make good poster mounts. man and the Italian fruit man in your Brown or gray wrapping paper neighborhood may be more valuable make excellent scrapbooks if carefully than a series of lessons.

folded, creased and cut. Also can be A letter to a missionary or a child cut into camels, elephants, etc. in a foreign land costs little but means Laundry cardboards and suit boxes much and often brings an answer that are excellent for poster backs and for makes world-children seem nearer and construction boards. dearer.

Current magazines furnish all sorts of nature pictures, foreign land pic– THE :MAN WHO :MEANT TO GIVE tures, ships and travel pictures that By HOWARD W. POPE, make missions alive to a child. St. Petersburg, Florida Used Christmas cards furnish stars, He was a good man, kind and true, camels, Madonnas, etc. Covers of Who often told what he would do Christmas numbers of magazines are When he was rich and had the means, often more beautiful than expensive And lived no longer on baked beans. And this he said from day to day, pictures. They may be used for Until his best years slipped awayposters and scrapbook work. Not knowing God will close the door To wealth-unless we help the poor. If children are asked to look for and bring certain pictures from home they When hard times came and all around, almost always find them in old maga- Bread lines were formed in every town, zines. Villages of different countries He gave no cash, he gave no bread; can be made by larger boys and girls Instead of that, he often said- "Next year I will begin to give," out of material collected from "trash" Not knowing surely that he'd liveif they are encouraged to find, bring The same old story newly told, Though every day he laid up gold. and use materials in their own way.

Peanuts and potatoes make excel- When mighty Mississippi wrought lent animals. Sponges make bushes; Death and destruction, dearly bought– pieces of glass, or silver paper, rivers And calls were made on every hand and windows. Any boy who has a To help the suff'ring of the land, God spake to him a hundred times, printing press or a set of letter sten- But he would not give even dimes; cils is proud to be asked to use them But daily to himself he liedto letter posters, notices. With good intentions satisfied.

A group of noisy boys was once held And when the sick could no more wait and interested by being allowed to For his intentions which were late, make a church window by putting to- They simply died and passed beyond gether pieces of colored paper on the All chance for that man to respond. Last week that man lay dead and cold, back of an old window shade. It took And all he left behind was gold. months to finish the window, collect- He had no friends-he never had, ing the paper bit by bit and putting Because his life made no one glad.

it together again and again until the Here is a lesson all should learnright effect was gained. When the Give what you can-but quickly burn shade is hung in a strong sunlight Your good intentions which bring naught against an open window or clear glass, But bitter heartaches, dearly bought. even strangers exclaim at its soft Today's chance we can now securebeauty. The boys look at their win- Tomorrow's is by no means sure. dow at once when they enter their If we let this chance slip away, It may not come another day.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FWRENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions I AM THE MISSION STUDY CLASS Apologies to the author of HI Am the Immigrant"

I am the Mission Study Class-join me.

Since the time of my birth I have helped others. I was born of the craving for wider knowledge, more efficient work, and deeper spirituality. My footprints are found in many churches.

I am often in some homes. I even enter the colleges. I am glad when I mingle with the mem- WILLIAM CAREY AND 'fHE WORLD rHOBLEM bers of the young people's societies, for I help them to reach the highest standard of efficiency. In a recent letter from a board came I delight in the company of those in the a little leaflet on which were the above young women's missionary societies. I serve at the men's clubs and help them picture and wording. Enquiring for permission to use this material in THE to know world affairs. I pass wonderful hours in conversation REVIEW, we were told the following with the women of the missionary societies. story.

I am found in some Sunday-schools, al- It seems that some fifteen years ago ways in those doing the best work. the Missionary Education Movement I consist of a few . congenial people, printed this as a leaflet-in much the preferably from six to ten. I meet once a week for one hour or more same form. Mrs. Charles L. Fry, of at each session, for a course lasting six weeks; or one full day a week the Lutheran Board, secured permisfor three weeks. sion to reprint it and borrowed the dispel ignorance, remove prejudice, cut. The cut was returned and when overcome indifference, and arouse in- terest. the Movement merged with the Inter- I encourage benevolence. church World Movement, it was either I increase and vitalize prayer. destroyed or lost.

I develop strong, active Christian char- A year ago finding neither photo- acter, and provide missionaries. graph nor cut available, Mrs. Fry sent I present for study a literature which excels "in truth, in pathos, in dig- to the Missionary Education Move- nity, in simplicity, in its contribu- tion to scientific research, in its ment of London for the photograph direct bearing on great world prob- and, slightly revised, the leaflet "in lems." the ego" once more came forth. It And yet, there are some who say they was so well liked that two other de- have no time for me. nominational boards secured permis- I am one of the "worthwhile" things and sion to print it, and now Mrs. Fry has kindly loaned us the photograph and you should learn to "put first things given permission to publish. May this first." If I can be fused into the church work, I will do you good. personification of the Mission Study For information on textbooks and leader's helps, write to your own denomina- Class continue to do good service.

tional headquarters. F.E. Q.

773

THE FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ress is being made. A bi-lingual OHUROH leadership is absolutely necessary. The pastor must preach in English to Findings of an interdenomill,u.tiona,l con~ reach his young people. There is an terence held under auspices of the Joint Com- increasing tendency away from the mittee on City and New Americans of the establishment of separate churches Home Missions' Council and Council of Women and missions, and toward departments for Home ~Iissions, (Slightly adapted.) of American churches. We have been guilty of the sin of denominational The purpose of the Conference on competition. Large sums are spent on the Foreign-Language Church held in Italian evangelization, and the prog- New York City on May 8, 1930, was ress of the people in giving toward to evaluate the work being done among the foreign-language groups; to ap- self-support has been slow. praise the methods, programs and results of the work; and to determine The four Hungarian churches are the best possible lines of work for the large and strong and show progress toward self-support, but little progfuture. ress toward identification with Amer- In the last fifteen years, dating ican life.

from the beginning of the Great War, The Czechs are rapidly being abimmigration from Europe has aver- sorbed into our American churches.

aged only 207,000 a year and an aver- The Spanish-speaking work is most encouraging. There are 15 centers age departing to Europe of a little now operating. less than 100,000. Accordingly our net increase in population from the The other languages now being used European countries has been about are Greek, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, 100,000. This has bearing upon the Esthonian, Latvian, Armenian, Syrian, work of our foreign-language churches. Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean.

The foreign language work being One hundred and seven Englishdone in Greater New York, and the speaking Presbyterian churches in Presbyterian work in Philadelphia Philadelphia were studied. Of these, were reviewed, as cross-sections of the in the last ten-year period there was a entire task. The following facts were gain of six per cent in membership, while the city shows fifteen to sixteen represented: per cent gain in population. There In Greater New York there are now was a fourteen per cent loss in Sun- day-school enrollment. Of forty-seven one hundred and two churches or Hungarian Presbyterian churches in church enterprises conducting Prot- the United States, in the ten-year estant work in some foreign language. period the gain in membership was In this list are not included the twenty-seven per cent while their churches for the older immigration, Sunday-schools gained fifty-six per such as German, Scandinavian, French cent. and Welsh, as they do not constitute a home mission problem in the main. Of seventy-one Pre s by t e ria n Forty-eight of the one hundred and churches using the Italian language, two enterprises are for Italians. Fif- over the ten-year period there was a teen of these are separate organized gain of eighteen per cent-7,000 memchurches, sixteen are missions, and bers-and twenty-one per cent gain in seventeen are departments of Amer- the Sunday-schools. The Slavic group includes Slavic churches in New Jerican churches. Bey, the Pittsburgh region, and also There are several elements of dis- a group of Czech churches in the middle west. They showed a gain of couragement, based mainly upon de- forty-one per cent in church membercreased immigration; increased pros- ship and six per cent only in the Sunperity, causing removal of these day-schools. families from the old neighborhoods; and the increased use of English. On the other hand, there is unanimous confidence in the need and in the possibility of Italian evangelization. Results indicate that slow but real prog-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

The per capita for the Presbyterian group; the group must express itself Church in 1929, for 2,004,000 mem- in leadership, in forms of thinking, bers, was $18 for current congrega- and in responsibility. Today we are tional support, which takes out build- thinking in terms of self-support, not ings. The 6,000 Italian members gave $11 per capita; the Slavs $15; the to save our budgets, but to increase Hungarians $17, almost on the level of the effectiveness of the group. Selfthe whole Presbyterian Church. The support is an educational process. In average Christian in the foreign lan- Europe the churches received state guage church is giving relatively more support. The Hungarians are making per capita from his slender resources good contributions on church property, than our English-speaking people. but not so good on pastors' salaries.

Conclusions of the Conference A strong local leadership is abso- lutely necessary to a successful work So far as we can measure the for- among foreign-speaking groups. Staeign-language churches statistically, bility depends upon leadership. they have made encouraging progress. Whether they have now reached the The custom of some foreign-lanpeak or not, remains to be seen. They guage churches to loan their buildings are certainly facing a period of transition and deserve the continuing sym- to secular nationalistic organizations pathy and loyalty of our home mission for meetings was questioned by some, agencies. but the consensus of opinion was that it is legitimate, provided the morals Foreign language work should be and ethics of the church dominate all of at least three types – separate proceedings. They can be beneficial churches, missions in separate build- to the church, and also exert a wholeings, and departments of the Amer- some influence upon these groups. ican church. The type of church depends altogether on conditions. The There is considerable concern about church must adapt itself to its en- the ability of the foreign-language vironment. As long as the attitude of churches to hold the young people. the American church is, "we do not want these foreigners," we must have The facts in the case are not very enthese racial groups keeping by them- couraging. The consensus of opinion selves. We must promote a Christian was that the pastor is the hope in the spirit among the American churches. situation. It very largely depends We have to outgrow the day of the upon him. He must be youthful in foreign-language mission church. spirit, sincere, earnest and sympa- The unorganized neighborhood house thetic. The entire family must be or church has value and should be reached, and the church built upon a continued. This type of work has won family basis. its way, has established its place, and has served both foreign-speaking and The regular American churches are English-speaking people in both large having varying degrees of success in and small cities. Social settlements absorbing the second generation yonng have had a large influence in shaping people. Fifteen churches responded social legislation, and in changing social conditions. Christian social to the question, "What success are you centers, and other so-called institu- having in absorbing second generation tional churches, ought to be regarded young people in your regular Ameras "listening posts" and ought to have a means of communication back to the ican church?" The answers may be Church. classified as follows: Religion to be secure must be indigenous; it must grow out of the 1. Churches where children of foreign groups are practically nil and where there is no special interest in the subject.

2. Churches where the situation ob- tains to a certain degree and they are at a loss to know just what to do.

3. Churches that deal with the situa- tion through their associated or branch churches, thus relieving the main church, as they see it, from any special responsi- bility.

4. Churches, like the Madison Avenue programs of church worship, giving Presbyterian in New York City, whose much attention to the instruction of enrollment in the church school consists children in the Sunday-school, and of practically 500/0 of children born of more time to the preparation of their foreign parents (in this particular message to their people. The whole church Czecho-Slovakia) and where 500/0 question of religious educational methof the new members received into the ods and material for foreign-language church from the Sunday-school would be churches was considered of primary these chi I d r e n of Czecho-Slovakian importance, and requiring careful parents. study. The entire matter, including the question of proselyting, was re- 5. Churches, like the North Presby- ferred to a small committee for careterian Church in New York City, where ful study and for report to the Joint they have a great many children from Committee on City and New Amer- Swedish, Armenian and British parent- icans. age and non-Roman Catholic background "who have usually been assimilated as There is an increasing tendency for Americans with little or no national dis- English-speaking churches to come tinction." into some kind of relationship with the foreign-language churches. There 6. A large group of churches which, is in many places a merging of the through their Daily Vacation Bible English-speaking and the foreign- School, summer activities and Sunday- speaking churches. There is a strongly school, have a number of children whose felt need for yoked or united churches. parents are affiliated with the Roman Federation and other forms of inter- Catholic and Eastern Church report denominational adjustments looking that these children are absorbed "into toward greater efficiency and better the group of our young people as are service, were thought to be desirable. children of American parents." In a number of centers there was thought to be overlapping. By reduc- The indications are that the for- ing the number of projects and center- ing upon the more likely ones, the total eign-language work has neglected too results would be greater. This whole matter of mergers, consolidations, and much the use of literature. The federations was referred to a small committee to work out practical plans. power of the printed page, and the use READERS' COURSE of colporteurs was stressed very Pl'epared by National Committee on the strongly. The possibilities of united Cause and Cure of War. Room 1116. Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. work in the field of literature for for- It was agreed at the conference in eign-language groups were considered Washington last January that the Readers' Course should be continued to be great. There is need of an inter- and that as many delegates and friends of the Cause and Cure of War as posdenominational training school for sible should be urged to join in the reading. workers a m 0 n g foreign – speaking In view of the fact that the London groups and especially for the training Naval Conference succeeded in getting a treaty on disarmament, that a Comof colporteurs. Interdenominational mittee of Preparation for Disarma- ment under the League of Nations is bi-lingual papers are very much considering a program for another Commission on Disarmament, and that needed. the outcome of these two efforts has Social programs for foreign-lan- clearly shown that disarmament is a guage groups and churches are abso- lutely essential and should be pro- moted. Religion is a spirit that can be communicated, passed from one per- son to another, and the social ap- proach to boys and girls permeated by the Christian spirit is essential.

The present immigration situation is producing important changes in programs. Pastors are giving more emphasis to the distinctively religious phases of their work. A pastor said, "Ten years ago I had to teach English, but now I can spend my evenings in prayer-meetings, and more time can be given to religion." They are study- ing programs of religious education,

measure difficult of accomplishment Selected Article8 on DisarmrLment and yet imperative in its need if the compiled by Mary Katherine Reely. H. world is to achieve peace, it seems W. Wllson, 960 University Avenue, New very important that we should under- York. $2.25. stand the problem of disarmament better than any of us do. The Pact of Paris compiled by James Thayer Gerould. H. W. Wilson. $2.40. Therefore, we shall devote the Conference in January, 1931, mainly to Reference Shelf-DisrLrmrLment comthe question vf Disarmament and de- piled by Julia E. Johnson. H. W. Wilvote the first section of the Reading son. 90c. Course to Disarmament. The World Court (History, Organiza- SECTION I tion and Work); also The World Court, Fifty Questions Answered, and accom- Section II will appear in a later REVIEW. panying leaflet. The American Founda- tion, 565 Fifth Avenue, New York. Free. CODlpulsory Reading Course The Root Formu/rL rLnd the World No one can take this course and say she Court. National League of Women Vothas completed it unless she has read these ers, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., books. It is the only list that is compulsory, New York. 10c. hut the three books it contains must be read. Tbe total cost is a little more tban $5.30. United States and The World Court by Philip C. Jessup. World Peace Foun- Navies and Nations by Hector C. By- dation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, water. Houghton, Mifflin Co., 386 Fourth Mass. $2. Avenue, New York (1927). $4. A discount of 50c may be deducted if ordered The World Court, If1f!f!-lf1fUJ, by Manthrough the National Committee on the ley O. Hudson. World Peace Founda- Cause and Cure of War, checks made tion, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. payable to that Committee. $1.75.

America'8 Naval Challenge by Fred- THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN erick Moore. Macmillan, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York. $1.50. CANADA Naval DisarmrLm,ent by Hugh Latimer. By HELEN M. STRACHAN A brief record from the Washington Conference to date. Royal Institute of In the promotion of peace through International Affairs, Chatham House, the League of Nations, the Churches St. James Square, London, S. W. 1 of Canada have played a large part by (1930). A limited number may be had keeping before their members the of the Council of Foreign Relations, 25 West 43d Street, New York. $1. aims and ideals of the League. The Women's Missionary Societies of a Light Reading number of the churches are also vitally interested. The Woman's Mis- Issued in form of stories, the object of which sionary Society of the Presbyterian is to make the readers desire to join the forces Church in Canada is a corporate memof peace. These three light reading books, which it would be a pity not to have read, ber of the League of Nations Society cost $7.50. in Canada, and our women are there- fore closely allied with this greatest German Students' War Letters by modern movement for the peace of the Philip Witkop. Translated from original world. This Society, by lectures and edition by A. Bredd. E. P. Dutton, 286 literature, extends the knowledge of Fourth Avenue, New York. $3. the League's doings and publishes the Interdependence monthly. This infor- The Wet Flanders Plain by Henry Williamson. Read and join the crusade. mation is given to our women through E. P. Dutton. $2. the medium of our missionary mag- azine. StepdrLughters of War by H. Z. Smith. Not nice reading. "Savage and unsenti- Another interesting movement has mental." E. P. Dutton. $2.50. been the formation of a Canadian branch of the World Alliance for the Reference Books promotion of International Friendship through the Churches. The Alliance Certain reference books are added with the has its branches all through the Conrequest that these books shall be secured by your library or by someone in your group who tinent and Britain. With this Canawill serve as volunteer librarian for the read- dian Branch are connected the Angliing group in your town. Two are compilations on Disarmament j one is a compilation on thp Pact of Paris; several are on The World Court, anyone or more of which may be srlected. 'l'hey are especially good for sDeakers, debaters, essayists, or for other utilitarian needs.

can Church, the Baptists of Ontario, WHAT SHALL OUR POLICY BE? Quebec and the Maritimes, the United Church, the Presbyterian Church, the By OWEN D. YOUNG Salvation Army and the Quakers. Among its activities are included an When our political policy in interinterchange of preachers in many of national affairs becomes cooperative the border cities of the United States in spirit, which need not involve us in and Canada, and the observance of the entanglements or alliances; when our Sunday before Christmas, on which economic policy looks to the economic prayers are said for the promotion of development of the world as a whole peace and goodwill. and the improvement of living stand- ards everywhere; when our tariffs There is also in Toronto the Inter- and our treaties are made to evidence Church Committee of the League of this spirit (because we are under ,sus- Nations, a woman's organization com- picion now); then we may hope for prising not only the women of the effective plans for farm relief, for re- Protestant Churches but of the Jewish duction of 'our surplus of raw materiand Catholic faiths. Frequent meet- als and manufactured goods, for relief ings are held during the year, when of unemployment, and for-what is addresses are given to stimulate the most important of all-a better spirit attitude of church women against ag- of all nations towards us and towards gressive war, and to bring before each other. That means peace, and them what is 'being done by the wom- peace thrives in a world of contenten of other countries in the interest ment and mutual welfare. It cannot of peace. live in a world or in a nation where there are great inequalities and in- The interest of our Canadian church justices caused by man-made barriers. women was quickened last year by the appointment of Dr. Caroline Mac- What shall our policy be? Whatdonald to the Labor Conference at ever it is, it must be a large and all- Geneva, as interpreter and general as- embracing one. We cannot have a sistant to the Labor Delegate from world-wide economic program if it is Japan, and her report on her return to be defeated by a narrow political at a public meeting under the auspices policy. It does no good for businesses of the Inter-Board Committee. Dr. to send their representatives to for- Macdonald carries on in Tokyo a large eign countries to sell our surplus work among prisoners and girls in in- goods if, politically, we ruthlessly ofdustry. She is called by the Japanese fend the very customers they are tryan ambassador of good will between ing to create. We may tax ourselves the two nations. Two of the Woman's in huge amounts to buy a farm sur- Missionary Societies of Canada give plus, but we will have t() move it out grants to this work. That a Canadian of America or that program will fail. woman should be chosen to interpret After all, the consuming power of the for a foreign power at a gathering world has to be raised but little to which was striving to relieve in all take care of the surpluses which cause nations the misunderstanding between so much disaster to ourselves. capital and labor and help usher in a new and better day in industry, was We, more than anyone in the world, a tribute to Christian missions. need an era of good feeling, not only in our own country but elsewhere. I Believing, as we do, that world beg the leaders both in politics and friendship and prevention of misunder- economics to cultivate it. He who standings among nations is one of the makes bad feelings at home or abroad chief concerns of Christian churches, is not only a destroyer of our proswho represent on earth the Prince of perity today, but he will be the cause Peace, we can do nought else as church of far worse things tomorrow. Amerwomen but throw our whole might ica has no use, nor has the world, for into the promotion of peace. professional manufacturers of bad will.

Visitors corne from the remotest

Roman Catholics Gain in China of the country, and the most inacces- sible parts of the province. RECEIPT of an official report of the apostolic delegate to China show- Last spring an exhibition dealing ing a total membership in the Roman with improved agricultural methods Catholic Church in China of 2,473,619, and village life was visited by over an increase of 47,637 last year, was fifty thousand people, while nearly five announced May 13. thousand students of the local G'Overn- ment scho'Ols carne in relays. The report, made public by the Rev. James G. Keller, superior of the Mary- The Institute is taking a part in knoll Junior Seminary at Los Altos, the nati'On-wide movement against California, showed that, aside from illiteracy, and schools for both boys the regular. clergy there are nine and girls are operating regularly. Chinese bishops, 1,371 Chinese priests, Sunday-schools of three grades meet more than 5,000 Chinese nuns, and on Sundays, in which a total enrolment approximately 4,000 Chinese young of 250 is now recorded. – Missionary men preparing f'or the priesthood.- Herald.

New York Times.

A Legation Stair Observer on the Child Slave. of C:hina China Famine F D OR many years Mrs. F. J. Dymond R. CLAUDE BUSS of the staff of has been doing a splendid work on the American Legation in Peiping behalf of the child slaves of South- recently traveled into one of the West China. famine sections with John Earl Baker, director 'Of the China International In the Preface to her book, "Yun- Famine Relief Commission to investinan," Mrs. Dymond quotes from a gate famine conditions in places where League of Nations publication the there are no roads or railroads and to statement that there are three mil- ascertain how the contributions from lion child slaves in China. She fears America for famine sufferers could that of the eighteen provinces of best be used. He writes: China, Yunnan has the largest propor- tion. She does not mince her words Oh! The sights in the famine area! in showing what this traffic in slaves Beggars everywhere, homes with roofs means. In "Yunnan," Mrs. Dymond torn off to provide fuel, corpses always does not deal exclusively with this naked, lying by the side of the road to problem, but gives vivid word-pictures provide food for dogs and flies. Every- 'Of this part of the country where she body lean and haggard for lack of food. has spent so many years.-Missionary One old man so far gone we gave him Echo. money to buy a meal but he didn't want it. Not enough energy left to even want. The Institute at Tsinanfu He fell down and practically died at our feet. Swollen ankles from weak hearts, T HE people visit the Institute in as swollen stomachs from eating poisonous large numbers as ever. Rarely do weeds-such is a famine region. And the figures fall below 400,000 an- even :worse, every house is a nest of lice, nually, which is about equal to .the scorpiOns and bugs. The bites of these whole population of Tsinanfu cIty. insects spread plague and typhus. Two gwleaedksI wofasthtaot,geatndhoymoeu.~cLaenttimeragtoineChhionwa Famine Relief.

779

Girls School at Shnntefn He attended the L. M. S. schools, first in Peiping and afterwards in Tientsin, OVER the entrance of the mission where he studied theology under Dr. sch{)ol for girls at Shuntefu, Jonathan Lees. In later life he seized China, is thi,s significant title, in various opportunities for fuller edu- Chinese characters, translated liter- cation, taking a two years' course of ally, "Refining furnace pure character study in Bible Training Institute, female learning school." The happy Glasgow, and spending another two in girls I saw inside were a good ex- America at Columbia University and hibit of the effect of the pure char- the Union Theological College. He reacter training they were receiving. ceived his D.D. from Toronto and was One feature of the school is very prac- the first Chinese to become a Doctor tical. Simple living I'ooms fitted up of Divinity of a western university. as a home are located near the gate apart from the dormitory. Here When the China Continuation Comgroups of four girls, two ()lder and mittee was formed II>S the result of two younger ones, live together under Dr. Mott's visit to the Far East, he supervision of the faculty, with full became its Chinese secretary, and reresponsibility for the housekeeping. moved to Shanghai. As is well known, They must buy their food, cook it, the National Christian Council a few serve it, keep the accounts, and attend years later succeeded t{) this committo all other h{)usekeeping duties for tee. When this hapened, Dr. Cheng a month at Ii time. In this way they passed from the secretaryship of the learn by doing, and their own homes one to that of the other, and still later will be the better managed for retains that position. such training.-Letter from George H. Trull,. He presided over the N~tional Christian Conference in 1922, that C. Y. Cheng, Great Chinese Leader epoch-making occasion on which half of the thousand delegates were Chi- OF THOSE who recently crowded nese, and in the various committees the City Temple on the occasion the proportion was far larger. of the annual sermon of the London Missionary Society, a few, no doubt, In 1927 he was appointed the first were present at the Edinburgh Con- Moderator of the Church of Christ in ference twenty years ago. These will China. The following year he reprehave recalled the impression that C. sented his country at the International Y. Cheng made as a young man at Christian Council in Jerusalem, and that historic meeting. took a prominent part in its proceed- ings. He is a vice-chairman of the Since then he hll>s grown steadily International Missionary Council, repin power and influence, and is to-day resenting practically all {)f the Protone of the greatest Christian forces estant missions in the world. The in his own country, and highly re- high positions that have been accorded garded by the universal Church. Dr. to him are an indication of the fact Mott has repeatedly referred to him as that he is universally regarded as a "the great prophet of China." great spiritual force.-Christine I. Tinling, in The Christian, London. The London Missionary Society claims him as it.s own, and certainly GENERAL has every right to be proud of him as one of its "old boys." Dr. Cheng's The Patriarch of Alexandria father was a pastor in Peiping under that mission for a quarter of a cen- MELETIUS, the Ecumenical Patritury. arch of Alexandria, was one of the notable figures at the Lambeth Little Ching-Vi was baptized when Conference. He is {)ne of the besthe WII>S five years old, and grew up in known characters in the whole orthoa home fragrant with holy influences. dox communion. Greek by birth, he

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

first rose to importance as Archbishop congregation which gathered there for of the Church of Cyprus, and a politi- worship and went out from there for cal colleague of Venizelos, by wh()m vital Christian service. Words that he was drawn to the throne of Athens. he has recently spoken may wi,sely be At the next vacancy of the patriarchal pondered by his brother ministers throne, the influence of that states- throughout the country. "People," he man, then as now dominant in Greek has said, "are tired on Sunday. They life, procured his election to Constan- have seen enough shows through the tinople. week. They have had all the enter- taining they care for. What they want As Patriarch he was a leader in the on the Lord's day is a quiet conversavarious reforms that the best men in tion with an earnest-minded man who the Orthodox Church then saw to be is interested in the high things of the needful. But when the Turk came spirit and who knows how to interpret back he was one of the immediate ob- the words of Jesus and the signs of jects of their vengeance. Soldiers the times. Declamation is a bore, orawere sent to arrest him. A telephone tory is an offense, fireworks of every message to the British embassy sort are an impertinence. but a quiet brought down a boat crew on the in- talk on the deep things of God is alstant, and they found the prelate ac- ways strengthening and healing. A tually being forced into the motor preacher who is content to speak in car which was to take him into a cap- everyday language to his people Suntivity where he would have vanished day after Sunday about Jesus Christ, forever. The sailors prevented the and the application of Christian ideas arrest, thereby undoubtedly saving to their personal experiences and to his life, but the Turks were able to the problems of their generati()n, can insist on his resignation of the see, be 'interesting and fresh at the end of and he retired to a monastery on thirty years."-Christian Century. Mount Athos. Thence he was summoned to the throne of Alexandria, Dr. Bowie on Marriage from which he is the ruler of all Orthodox in Africa, including the con- I T IS time that Christian ministers siderable body at such centers as Jo- should recognize the danger of behannesburg. All men would agree he coming mere adjuncts to a social funcis one of the most forceful characters tion and should become increasingly in the Orthoaox episcopate of the day, the priests and interpreters of God's and a prelate whose career has a note meaning for marriage. There ought of the picturesque and the adventur- to be a difference between religious ous that is not too common in this marriage and nonreligious marriage. century.-Living Church. There 'ought to be a difference between Christian marriage and marriage Dr. Jelrerson Leaves the Broadway which is entered into with no thought of the spirit of Christ. If men and Tabernaele women come to the church to be mar- ried, then they ought to desire not DR. CHARLES E. JEFFERSON simply that the church shall solemnize has preached his last serm()n as the marriage ceremony, but that it pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, should contribute its continuing in- New York City. With the end of that spiration t'O their married life. pastorate there comes to a close one of the most influential ministries in the Our new standards for marriage at history of the American pulpit. For Grace Church are not conceived in any thirty years Dr. Jefferson has been spirit of compulsion. We are not unpreaching in the great church which qualifiedly asking that women and men stands so close to the business center should "join" a Christian church. We of the metropolis. And for thirty hope they will join one, in full status years that church has been filled, not as Christian communicants, but we with curiosity seekers, but with a real

recognize that this may involve quell- the Theological Faculty of the Uni- tions of creed and other difficulties of versity at Zurich. A professorship adjustment which cannot be pledged was granted to him after only three in advance. What we do ask is that years of academic work at the unithey shall "seek to associate themselves versity because of his distinguished for worship and fellowship with a pioneer work in the field of interna- Christian church in the community tional Christian cooperation. where they reside." If they do not want this, there is no reason why they In the document pertaining to the should come to the church to be mar- professorship, the University empharied; and, if they do want it, there is sizes the fact that through his work every reas'on why we of the church on behalf of the Stockholm and Laushould help them to find it.-From a sanne Conferences and their Continusermon by the Rev. W. Russell Bowie, ation Committee·s, and his directorship D.D., Rector of Grace Prtotestant Epis- of the International Social Christian copal Church, New York. Institute, he is in the happy position of standing in the very center of the Gifts for Religion Lead most important theological and eccle- siastical movements, and is thus able THE strength of religious sentiment to lead his ,students into the newly in the United States is reflected in created "ecumenical theology" which the fact that special gifts to religion concerns itself with the points of simled all other objects of philanthropy ilarity in the conception of the Gospel in 1929. The exact figures, as re- among the Christian Churches as well ported by the John Price Jones Cor- as with the weighty social and ethical poration, are: Religion, $996,300,000; problems of present-day Christianity. education, $467,500,000; gifts for personal charity, $279,760,000; organized The Lambeth Resolves charitable relief, $278,710,000; health, $221,510,000; foreign relief, $132,- T HERE were great searchings of 000,000; the fine arts, $40,000,000;· heart at the Lambeth Conference. play and recreation, $20,900,000; mis- And there were great resolves of cellaneous reform organizations, $14,- heart, chief of which was that "the 040,000. It might further be noted Christian Church of every nation that of the funds given for education shQuld refuse to countenance any war a large proportion went to church col- in regard to which the government leges, and that the inspiration for the of its own country ,has Jlot declared $558,000,000 given to charity had its its willingness to submit the matter rise in fundamentally religious im- in dispute to arbitration." If this pulses. Directly or indirectly, religion were lived up to by all the members operated more powerfully on American of that particular Church around the pursestrings than any other one in- globe, and they were joined by all the fluence. It obviously remains a much members of the other Christian stronger influence in our national life Churches, the end of war would be than may be inferred from certain assured. critics of the organized churches, 'or from the observations of circles indif- A citizen following this "resolve" ferent to the subject.-C h r is t ian would have normal and spiritual au- Standard. thority of the highest character for refusing to go to war if his country Swiss Government Honors Dr. Keller refused to take the preliminary step toward peace. This reservati-on would DR. ADOLF KELLER, the Federal carry national patriotism into a higher Council's special representative level than that which often prevails in Europe, wa,s recently the recipient in times of great emotional exciteof a very unusual honor, bestowed on ment. The position taken by the conhim by the Swiss Government through ference offers a challenge to every government that has entered into the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pact for the. pacific settl~n:ent of in- and social injustice, all sectarianism and ternational dlsputes. Indlvlduals have Protestant division, all lawlessness and dared to go so far under the prompt- selfish nationalism and all attacks on the ings of their own consciences. But movement toward disarmament.-New this is the unanimous pronouncem~nt York Times. of a body of Bishops representmg their constituents in practically all the LATIN AMERICA countries of the earth. Indian Facts Other resolves relate to matters of more intimate concern to the family REV. W. CAMERON TOWNSEND, life and to individual faith……. But of the Central American Mission, out of all the disquieting perplexities submits the following facts concerning which have confronted the Church in modern society, it ri·ses with un- Indians in the Americas: . dimmed faith and confident hope, asserting that with the help of science There are 500 or more Indian Ian" it is' now able to trace "a continuous process of creative development ~t guages spoken in Latin America which every stage of which we find the ~I­ vine Presence and power." Scientific have not been reduced to writing. thinking has given back to us a sense of reverence for a Creator who is Many of these Indian tribes live in ~he "always and everywhere active within the universe."-New York Times. almost inaccessible fastnesses of m- terior South America. Some of them have never been visited by the white man.

Definite effort is being made by various pioneer missionary agencies to reach these scattered peoples, but the need has not begun to be met.

Christian Endeavor-Berlin Meeting Protestantism in Argentina T HE last day of the eighth World I N ARGENTINA we are being con- Chri·stian Endeavor Congress was fronted with the immigration prob- marked by services in nearly all the lem. Up to within ten years, most of Berlin churches to which the dele- our immigration came from the South gates from forty"two nations. thr?nged of Europe, but now we are getting and by an enthusiastic meetmg m the people from the north: Germans, evening, the closing session of the Poles, Czechoslovaks, etc. A great congress, to which more than 15,000 many of them are Protestants. Years came to take leave of one another and ago, when the Argentine Gover.nme~t repledge themselves to carry on ~he took the census of its populatIon, It work of the society in their respective invariably announced the number of lands. Catholics and Protestants to be found within its territory; but they no Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of longer do that.. The Protestant popthe World Christian Endeavor Union, ulation has increased tremendously said: within these last years.-Bible Society Record. We have opened a new epoch in the youth movement of the Ch!"isti.an C~urc?, Venezuela to Pay Off Its Debt I believe. Our organizatlOn IS actIve m 112 lands. Eighty thousand one hundred A NEW day.of celebrating.a nationand seven societies are reported. al histone event has Just been adopted by Venezuela. That country, Germany's welcome to this army of to commemorate the 100th anniver- Christian Endeavor members has been sary of the establishment of its indespontaneous and unqualified. Ever~­ pendence from Spanish rule, which where we have been treated well. PresI- took place under the leadership of dent von Hindenhurg's w~lcome an.d ~ur Bolivar, has decided during the year talk with him were partICularly sIgnIfi- to payoff its entire national debt of cant. His life motto, "Ora et Labora" $4,700,000. [worship and work], became the convention message.

In the final hour of dedication these representatives of 4,000,000 yo,ung peol?le vowed themselves against all mter-raclal

University of Mexico more tourists to this island of en- chantment. A very fine purpo.se ….. . THE National University of Mexico However, there is one feature of its was originally founded under papal program with which the writer is sanction in 1553 by decree of Philip completely out of harmony. In its or- II of Spain. It claims to be the oldest ganization meeting the leader, amid university in the Western Hemisphere, hearty amens from those about him, antedating the founding of Harvard said: "This publicity about homeless College by eighty-six years. It has p;ople, hungry and naked children, had a long and varied history, and is Sickness and neglect must be stopped. now independent alike of ecclesiastical We must allow nothing but that which as well as political control, although in is rose tinted and good to be said about part receiving its support from the our island." No doubt his purpose is revenues of the Republic. The Pre·si- good, but his judgment is bad. That dent of the United States of Mexico is one of the thi'ngs which has held and other high officers are ex-officio Porto Rico back for so long. It has members of its board of trustees, the not been willing to face right up to majority of whom are elected from the its shortcomings and its needs. Percitizenry of the Republic, the faculty, haps the greatest thing which Gov. and in part from the students. Its Theodore Roosevelt did for Porto Rico present official title is "Universidad was to place its actual conditions be- Nacional Autonoma de Mexico." There fore the people of the United States. are nine thousand students and well Porto Rico is definitely a part of the organized departments of study and United States of America. Her citiresearch in the various sciences, in- zens are citizens of the nation. A weak cluding the Instituto de Biologia and spot here is a weak spot in the nation. the National Museum of Natural His- Dying children, nakedness, and starvatory.-W. J. Holland, in The Carnegie tion here mean that we are permitting Magazine. such conditions under our ·own flag, among ,our own citizens. Porto Rico Cuba did not ask to become a part of the United States. We took the island by EXTENSIVE public works have armed force. We must now see that its been initiated involving the ex- people have a chance to become healthy, penditure of more than one hundred strong, constructive, happy citizens. million dollars of public funds. A Porto Rico is indeed one of the most magnificent new highway, extending beautiful spots in the world. It has through the island for more than 800 one of the most wonderful climates mile.s, is now in process of construc- …… No citizen of the United States tion and will probably be completed in who ventures out on the sea in boats 1933. A new capitol building has re- should fail to spend a few weeks in cently been erected at an expenditure Porto Rico. At the same time, no one of approximately sixteen million dol- should come expecting to find it perlars. Cuba is a land of great natural fect. The per capita wealth in Porto resources, under-populated, ideally lo- Rico is only $182, as compared to $1,- cated, and its future prosperity should 123 in the United States. To those not be without a reasonable solution. who have a little imagination this fact As in all such instances, this is a time will reveal a lot.-C. Manly Morton, in when unselfish leadership is being The Christian Century. tested.-Annual Report Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Government Schools in Mexico Porto Rico Seeks Tourists ONE of the characteristics of the present movement in Mexico is PORTO RICO SERVICE, INC., has that of the spread of education. The been organized. Its .purpose is to Department of the Federal Governso advertise Porto Rico as to attract

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment has been establishing rural to accommodate the increasing popuschools in every state of the Republic. lation at home. Japan's principal food Besides, every state and town is doing supply will certainly run short, if her something to establish and support population should continue to increase schools for the benefit of the children and her surplus popUlation should not of the country. There is at present be afforded an exit. an army of 35,000 teachers engaged in the educatiQn of the youth in Certain members of the Population Mexico. There are more than 1,400,- and Foodstuff Research Committee in 000 children enrolled in all the schools, Tokyo have been advocating the diverwhich shows the largest number ever sion of unemployed at home to South receiving an education in Mexico. America and the South Seas. But emigration without subsequent finan- The present administration headed cial aid has brought about difficulties by President Ortiz Rubio has in- in South America. The South Seas creased the approprIation for the declare that they are at present un- Department of Education and the de- able to receive Japanese unemployed. partment in charge of this important Litemry Digest. branch of the government is busy distributing that money in new schools, A Japanese Pastor's Library estabJi.shed wherever they are most needed.-Andres Osuna, in The Mis- WE VISITED one day a little stasionary Voice. tion which was opened years ago at Kashiwakubo, some two hours dis- JAPAN-KOREA tant from Tokyo. Nowhere else in the world have I seen such constant Growth of Tokyo beauty of landscape as greets one here. On every side were hills covered I N THE five years between the great with fine trees vi dense foliage; here earthquake and fire in Tokyo, of and there was a rushing mountain September, 1923, and December, 1928, stream and mile after mile, as we the population of Tokyo grew seven travelled along a winding road, now hundred thousand to a total of 2,218,- dipping into valleys, now going by 400. In this vast city there are 115 tunnel straight through the heart of churches, of which about twenty-five some mountain, there was no lessenare parishes and missions of the Nip- ing of the grandeur of nature on every pon Sei Kokwai. Of the other two side. faiths recognized by Japan as being principal religions of the empire, The neat little church of Kashi- Shintoism has 232 shrines, and Bud- wakubo stands on a bluff commanding dhism has 1,082 great temples.-Spirit a view f'Or miles over the country side of Missions. and directly in front, perhaps twenty- five miles distant, towers Fuji itself. Japan Growing a Million a Year Surely the pastor here must have con- -stant inspiration for his task. He and ONE million new Japanese every a number 'Of his congregation were year have mouths to be fed, and assembled to greet us and we had a need shelter and clothing. Japan has very pleasant time with them, drinka population about half that of the ing tea which had been prepared from United States, concentrated in an area the leaves of the tea tree in the pasabout the size of Texas. How the tor's own garden. resources of the country are to meet this problem is an ever-recurring puz- A glance at the library of this paszle to Japanese officials and scientific tor was revealing. This was a small authorities. rural church, yet here, as everywhere we went, we found well-trained college Just now this question is more acute graduates taking up the task of the because, as long as the business de- ministry. These are some of the pression continues, there is no room books which we found in his library: 5

Harnack: What Is Christianity? boards grant annually about 1,900,000 McGiffert: Prote'stant Thought Be- yen, and the native churches con- fore Kant. tribute about 1,300,000 yen. There are E. C. Moore: Protestant Thought 3,300 church buildings, and 3,800 Since Kant. other places where Christian services H. R. Mackintosh: The Originality are held. The total member,ship is of the Christian Message. 108,000 and adherents estimated at James Moffat: The Theology of the about 220,000. Of Sunday-schools Gospels. there are 4,000, with 15,000 teachers, W. R. lnge: Christian Mysticism. and 185,000 pupils attending. In edu- T. R. Glover: Jesus ,of History. cation there are 400 sch'Ools for boys, P. T. Forsyth: Positive Preaching with 1,000 teachers and 30,000 pupils; and the Modern Mind. 170 for girls, with 580 teachers, and James Denney: Jesus and the Gos- 14,000 pupils; and about 200 mixed pel. primary schools with 500 teachers and James Orr: Revelation and Inspira- 9,000 pupils. Of kindergartens there tion. are 170, with 330 teachers, and about Otto: The Idea of the Holy. 7,000 children. There are also 22 hos- This was not an isolated instance pitals and 25 dispensaries, and 68 as we found similarly well-stocked li- medical missionaries in service. braries elsewhere in small rural fields. It is a matter of deep encouragement Korean Christian Activities that the Church in Japan possesses the spirit of independence and that there I N ANY summary, mention should is also a highly trained, thoughtful, be made of ,several special institureading ministry. Possibly the second tions. The missions conduct three fact is partly accountable for the first. leper colonies with about 880 inmates With these two elements in the situa- in each; there are two Union Christion, we have cause for real confidence tian Colleges and three Theological in the future of the Church of Christ Seminaries; a Christian Literature in Japan.~Dr. F. M. Potter, in Chris- Society that publishes nearly 80,000,- tian lntelligencer. 000 pages per year; a Bible House that has put in circulation copies of Ohristian Progress in Korea the Scriptures during the eighteen years of its existence; a Y. M. C. A., I T WAS not until 1885 that organ- that in addition to its city student and ized and de5nite eff,orts were made rural work, has an industrial departto establish the Christian Church in ment which has printing presses that Korea. That year saw the coming of now do most of the work that was representatives of both the Presby- formerly sent to Yokohama before the terian and the Methodist Churches 1923 earthquake; a Sunday-School and marks the real beginning of Prot- Association whose work covers all estant work. The progress made dur- Korea and yearly puts into circulation ing these intervening forty-five years a great volume of its own special is most impres,sive, as will be seen by books and publications; the Union following present-day figures. Christian Hospital at Pyeng-yang, and the world-famous Severance Union Of the total of 474 foreign mission- Medical Oollege with its associated aries, 88 men and 77 women are en- hospital; and a Woman's College-the gaged in evangelistic work; 31 men only school of this grade in Korea. and 53 women in education; 33 men The Christian Church and its accomand 35 women in medical work; 10 panying activities are well established in miscellaneous lines (agriculture, in this land, and are functioning in etc.); and the balance of 147 are fitting way.s as can be seen from the wives, most of whom are active as- above condensed sketch.-Congrega- ,sistants in the whole program. tionalist.

For the work in hand the several

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

AFRICA schools in Kenya. Already thirty-three teachers have finished the supervis{)r Airships in Christian Serviee course and forty-seven more are under instruction at the Kenya school. Those A CHAIN of first-class airdromes has who have finished go out to the vil- been laid out across Africa from lages through the country, helping the Cape to Cairo. Dr. Robert P. both teachers and schools by giving Wilder, missionary secretary in the them the basic methods of teaching Near East, flew recently from Bushire and starting them on local projects inin Arabia to Cairo, 1,098 miles, in sev- cluding hygiene, sanitation, agriculenteen hours, saving in that way eight ture, home construction, school crafts days of land travel. The Australian and recreation. Inland Mission of the Presbyterian Church sends doctors and nurses by A return of these supervisors every air to isolated sick settlers, often year or two for several weeks of rebringing back patients to a base hos- newed instruction is a part of the pital. Mrs. Osborn says in The Pres- Jeanes system of training. byterian Magazine: "It is only four hours at the outside limit before help Madigas Revival can arrive for a sufferer. Instead of a terrible j'ourney from water-hole to I N THE Canadian Mission Revival, water-hole under blazing sun, the trav- as significant a phase as any is the eling is now done by doctors and movement of the Madigas to Christ nurses who are notified by radio. A in the northern fields, long counted properly equipped airplane ambulance unfruitful. This Madiga community takes the skilled as'sistant to the res- was the one most largely gathered in cue." The expenses of this service are by the great mass movements radiatlargely paid by a bequest of the Aus- ing from Ongole, and it ·still constitralian harvester manufacturer, Hugh tutes about ninety-five per cent of the Victor McKay. 93,768 church members in the A. B. Telugu Mission today. The rural Alongside 'Of this relief work is a Madiga movement has a persistent splendid system for sending religious element of weakness in the extreme and general literature to isolated set- poverty of those involved. But there tlers; and itinerant preachers now are great elements of strength as well. itinerate by airplane. So the old order The Gospel makes almost a clean changes giving us in anticipation a sweep of them as it moves through picture of the acceleration which is them in a region. They have staying coming in the witness to the Gospel in powers of the greatest value. Their alliands.-S. S. Times. humility in learning and their will- ingness, when lead, to make great sac- Ea,st Africa rifices for education, and progress are beyond praise. THE development of the Jeanes schools is the most {)utstanding in- The American Baptist Mission, toformation about this section of Africa. gether with the Anglican, Lutheran, The Jeanes system of supervisor London Congregational, Mennonite teachers, so effective in the improve- and Canadian Baptist Missions, have ment of rural Negro schools in Amer- shared in the steady expansion of this ica, offers the best suggestions for Madiga movement northward and conditions as they are found in Africa. westward. And now a new and mighty The Phelps Stokes Commission, after movement is sweeping them in by a study of education in East Africa hundreds in the extreme north of the in 1924, established five of these Telugu area. The significance is vast. Jeanes schools in carefully selected We know full well the ills of unshepareas of East and South Africa. The herded converts. Yet we cannot for- Carnegie Foundation, about four years bear expressing the opinion that the ago, established another of these danger of throttling a great move-

ment, and of making la,sting hostility NORTH AMERICA to the Kingdom by refusing baptisms because workers are lacking, seems Protestant Social Work far greater than the dangers from believers being unshepherded for a time. H W. HOPKIRK of the Child Wel- -Baptist Missionary Review. • fare League of America recently gathered statistic,s upon the number Restraint on Christian Inquirers of hospitals, homes and other institu- tions maintained by the Protestant AN EXAMPLE of the way in which churches, for the Federal Council of ft progress is sometimes discour- Churches. The following data are taken from his report: aged for lack of sufficient workers, comes in a letter to the Church Mis- Within the United States the Protsionary Society from the Rev. W. J. estant churches support more than 340 Payne, of Benin, West Africa. Some hospitals or sanitaria, 310 homes for Urhobos asked him to visit them and the aged and 400 institutions for chilto send them a teacher. At that time dren or child placing agencies. There there was no teacher available to send. is considerable variation in the extent When some months later Mr. Payne to which particular institutions give visited the place, he found that the preference for admission to individuals people had built a church, and the con- of their own communion. About onegregation numbered over fifty. They half the homes for the aged specify had provided themselves with a that they will take only, or give prefteacher, and subsequently this young erence to, applicants who are members man was formally appointed to take of the denomination sponsoring the charge of the church and school. home. But most Protestant church "When I paid them a second visit," hospitals and institutions for children writes Mr. Payne, "the number attend- do not have such a policy. Frequently ing church had nearly doubled, so that an institution for children draws a it is now necessary for them to en- majority of its population from familarge their church. The difficulty is lies of the communion supporting it, that so many want to learn for baptism but quite often, as is true of church that it is almost impossible for one hospitals, the majority of those under lad to teach them." And the narrative care are of other faiths. ends not with the words: "So I sent a second teacher," but: "So I had to ad- Of the organizations caring for chilvise him to reduce the number pre- dren, most are institutions for the. deparing for baptism." pendent and neglected, often known as orphanages, orphans' homes or chil- Sanitary Engineer for Liberia dren's homes. A few institutions and child placing agencies specialize in THROUGH the liberality of the the care of cripples, epileptics, chil- Board of Foreign Missions of the dren with behavior problems, or con- United Lutheran Church in America valescents. But for the most part the a sanitary engineer will be sent to service is not specialized. Probably Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, to seventy per cent of the institutional combat the encroachment of yellow and child placing service under Protfever in that country. The Liberian estant church auspices is carried on Government will contribute $15,000 without the benefit,s of social case annually to the mission board's $7,500 work. toward a sanitary department. By special arrangement with the United Those institutions which add case States Department of State an engi- work to their programs usually find it neer will be sent out from the office of desirable to diversify their programs the Surgeon General of the U. S. Pub- so to allow a child to receive foster lic Health Service.-American Friend. home care or mother's aid if -such service seems desirable, thus reserv- ing the facilities of the institution for those in need of institutional care.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hard Experiences in Alaska mail boat was just a scow and we I N JANUARY, 1929, Miss Helen were overcrowded. We certainly en- Lambert, the nurse at Allakaket, joyed our beds at the mission after Alaska, was severely burned through sleeping on the floor for a week."- the explosion of a can of gasoline. The Living Church.

Allakaket is -one of the most distant and isolated mission posts in Alaska. A University for Pacific Coast Coun- It is entirely without medical facili- tries T ties except those supplied by Miss HE University of California has embarked upon an enterprise of Lambert herself. The nearest hospital is the government railroad hospital at education that has no parallel, for the Nenana, more than 300 miles away. opportunity has never existed before.

Miss Lambert and her feUowworker, It is gathering its component institu- Miss Thompson, were finally carried to tions into a strong federation with Nenana by airplane. Bishop Rowe two clear purposes: first, to increase arranged for Miss Lambert to come to the highest degree its service 00 to the United States for treatment and American scholarship; second, to reach Miss Thompson was assigned to Ne- out to all those shores washed by the nana. waters of the Pacific Ocean. Its geo- This necessary arrangement, much graphical position, as well as the re- to Bishop Rowe's distress, left Alla- lationships that are naturally taking kaket uncared for. He finally a,sked form, will bring to it students from Miss Amy Hill, who put in three fruit- all Asia and much of South America.

ful years of work at Allakaket before Already the number of students her assignment to Anvik, to return to from Pacific lands is large, and there the former post in company with a new is now being built upon the campus at recruit, Miss Estelle Wilcox, a teacher. Berkeley an International House, made The uncertainties of Alaskan travel possible by the generosity of John D.

are well illustrated by Mj.ss Hill's ex- Rockefeller, Jr. A thing of beauty, perience. She left Anvik, about 500 Spanish in architecture and equipped miles west of Nulato, August 19, to to give comfortable and cheerful hous- make connections with a mail boat due ing to 331 men and 115 women, Inter- to go up the Koyukuk August 26. Ow- national House will speak the word ing to an accident to one of the river Welcome to the thousands 'of students steamers all schedules were disar- studying in the University. One ranged and Miss Hill found herself fourth of the residents in this house -obliged to wait at Nulato for two will be "Americans," and through this weeks. It is one of the most unat- fact the visiting students will be tractive spots on the Yukon with brought at mice into social contact and nothing but a very questionable road fellowship with our people.-Freeman house to accommodate passing travel- Tilden, in "World's Work."

ers. "Fortunately for me," say-s Miss Hill, "the Roman Catholic Mission at Churches in New York City A Nulato had accommodation for me, CCORDING' to the Industrial Bu- reau of the Merchants' As-sociaand so the stay was comfortable and sociable, as the missionaries there are tion of New York City there are 3,398 -so kind." While waiting at Nulato, churches and synagogues in the Met- Miss Hill was joined by Miss Wilcox. ropolitan district, tabulated as follows Speaking of the experiences of the according to denQmination: Roman trip from Nulato to Allakaket, Miss Catholic, 900 churches; Lutheran, 540; Hill says: "Our seven days' trip on Presbyterian, 473; Protestant Epis- that mail boat, with no accommoda- copal, 327; Methodist Episcopal, 300; tions whatever, was enough to initiate Reformed Church in America, 245; anyone. If you did nQt get sour dur- Congregational, 129; Baptist, 108; ing those days you never would. The Jewish synagogues, 102; Christian

Science, 101; Seventh Day Adventist, A number of years ago the Japa- 50; Methodist Protestant, 30; Re- nese churches formed a Japanese formed Church in the United States, Church Extension Board and entered 21; Unitarian, 20; Evangelical into an agreement that they would Church, 17; Moravian, 13; Evan- take enough reductioll in grants each gelical Synod of North America, 11; year so as to open a new field. This Universalist, 10; Church of Jesus last year the field at Santa Maria was Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1. opened and in the coming year a church will be started at Hayward, Studying Peace California.

T HE strife against war takes on a A report notes our ·service among serious form when-people will un- the Koreans thus: This is a small dergo sustained study and training for work. Nevertheless the few Koreans leadership in the cause. The Friends' are earnest and zealous. The Korean Service Commission invited all inter- Presbyterian church at Dinuba has ested people to attend a fortnight of just completed a new manse. The study at Haverford College, and the people secured all their funds and had school was organized for work, with them in the savings bank before conabundant time f.or critical discussion struction was started, except for grant and the comparison of different points and loan of $500 from the Board of of view. National Missions. – Presbyterian Magazine. Two forms of propaganda were specially developed. The one favored by Youth in Evidence in Toronto Conthe Friends and the United Brethren contemplates teams engaged in "ca1'- vention on Religious Education avaning." Each team consists of two young people who are provided with a I F 1905 was a convention of adults second-hand Ford car and $25 a week and a promoter of the Adult Bible with which to keep both the car and Class, then 1930 was pre-eminently a themselves in the field. On the other promoter of youth in religious educahand, the Methodist agency will oper- tion. During the entire week of the ate through another set of young convention two groups of adult youth people, each of whom will spend a leaders and young people themselves week in several summer schools, pro- were in session, and the last three moting the ·study and practice of days over 1,000 young people from pacifism in the church leaders among thirty-six states and provinces, repreyoung people. senting over thirty denominations, met in a great youth conference to The institute register numbered plan and promote the program of Renearly seventy, and they hailed frQm ligious Education as it referred to all parts of northeastern America. It youth. Probably this was one of the is safe to say that no one was disap- most significant features of the whole pointed. Whatever expectations might Toronto 1930 gathering and had no have been roused by the announcement counterpart in the 1905 meeting. The were more than realized in the experi- general meeting in which youth and ence which was achieved. – Christian adults gathered in the great audi- Century. torium was the first intimation to some delegates that so much had OrieDtals in AJ.Il.erica really been going on in the convention. – Congre gationalist. THE past year has been one of great development in Presbyterian work WESTERN ASIA among the Chinese in the United States. Every ·one of the Chinese Beirut College for WOlUen churches under the Board of National Missions shows a growth in member- ..t T LAST it has started! The Amership. t l ican Junior College for Women in Beirut, Syria, is no longer a dream,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but a fact. Daughters of Christians members at once to Kariz, a town on and Moslems are embarking on this the border, where all automobiles goadventure and realizing what it means. ing to Herat must stop for some hours in the customs, and there open a tea- A Persian Saint house. He would form acquaintance with Afghans and give them Christian CAN you imagine yourself without books to take into their country. The arms or legs? Life would hardly Meshed Christians have fallen in with be worth living! But here is Dai the plan and sent a recent convert, Yoosef, who has lost both arms and himself an Afghan, to the border with both legs, and he is one of the hap- samovar, cups, dishes, sugar, tea, and piest men you can meet in a day's fifteen hundred books to see what he walk. I visited him in the hospital can do. after his second arm had been amputated, and he was all smiles and full Many free-minded Afghans who of joy; and not a word of murmur or have fled Afghanistan in the recent complaint. I had taken him a flower, troubles have settled in Meshed, near and for the moment I forgot he could the Afghan border. They are quite not take it. He looked up and, laugh- approachable, come to the mission ing heartily, said: "Sorry, Bishop, reading room, and show interest in but I'll have to trouble you to put it Christian teaching.-Sunday School in my buttonhole for me!" Times.

When I sympathized with him about Koran Translated into Turkish the loss oOf his arm, he smiled and said: "Surely God needed such a one ARABIC, being a sacred language, as me to show what He can do with ft the ecclesiastics have cried out a man who has neither arms nor legs, but who has learnt to praise Him for against their book appearing in any all His goodness and His love." Well, other tongue. But the Turkish gov- I had come to sympathize with him, ernment has in spite of this allowed but he sent me away rejoicing. I the pUblication of three separate could only thank God foOr the testi- translations. Fourteen thousand copies mony of Dai Yoosef. have been sold. Turks who formerly heard the sounding Arabic of the Surely the Lord had need of a man Koran without understanding anysuch as he is, utterly helpless, but thing of its meaning imagined it full of joy and gladness, and always charged with tremendous and mystic able to find something for which to meanings. That impression melts praise the Lord. When you are down away when the Koran is read in the in the dumps, follow Dai Yoosef's ex- vernacular. It is sometimes enough ample, and look for something for to place a Koran and a Testament in which to praise God !-Bishop J. H. the hands of a reader and leave him Linton, in C. M. S. Gleaner. to draw his own conclusions.

A Persian Christian Siege of Afghan- It is said that Kemal Pasha ip dis- gust threw the book across the room istan into a corner. Yet in the Sudan the primary textbook in all the govern- APERSIAN Christian teacher who ment schools is the Koran, and Islam has the evangelization of Afghan- is gaining ground constantly in the istan much on his heart, received per- Anglo – Egyptian Sudan. – Sunday mission to enter the country as a ped- School Times. dler. He spent a month at Herat, the chief city in northwest Afghanistan, EUROPE and came back full of enthusiasm over the possibility of Persian Christians Theologues in Gerlllany Are Increasgoing to Herat as tradesmen and artisans and quietly preaching the ing Gospel there. He urged the church in Meshed, Persia, to send one of its AN INCREASE of theological stu- f t dents in Germany is indicated by the fact that 4,678 students there are

following theological studies; 229 of to 6 per cent and the hotels have rethese being women. This represents duced the rates in Paris under presan increase over last year of more sure from the official tourist bureau. than I,OOO-the highest figure for all time.-Christian Century. "Germany is poor and there are plenty of unemployed everywhere, London Congress of C. M. s. while the cost of living is high. Italy is not so badly off on the surface be- "THAT it is highly incumbent upon cause the people do not care to com- every Christian to endeavor to plain under the Mussolini regime. Spain cannot keep the value of the propagate the knowledge of the Gos- peseta up because she has no gold. pe! among the heathen." From this and other resolutions passed by thir- "England is in a bad way because teen clergy and eleven laymen in the the dole system has broken down un- Castle and Falcon Inn, Aldersgate, on der the Labor Administration."-New April 12, 1799, has grown up what we York Times. today recognize as the great and farreaching work of the Church Mission- A Turk on Turkey's Ignorance ary Society. The growth is a wonderful story of God's mercy, leading, WE ARE ignorant; our ignorance and power: His mercy in forgiving is great. The books issued in many mistakes and weaknesses, His a single day in a European country leading in that again and again the are equal in value to the books issued sure word has been revealed and fol- in ten years in our country. We have lowed, His power in that countless not one single scientific book on pedamen, women, and children have been gogy. Translations do not exceed led from darkness to follow the light twenty in number. In past years, of Christ. On September 22-25, the we used to call "learned" those Hodjas society is proposing to hold a Con- with Turbans! We understood their gress in London, when representatives ignorance and their value has defrom all over England, Wales, and creased to zero before our eyes. In Ireland will gather in London to hear those days chemistry and medicine from leaders overseas of the great were making g rea t progress in commitments and opportunities which Europe, whereas we were sleeping in are upon us, to hear also the call from our ignorance. We were happy, yet leaders at home to face this great day so ignorant! We believed that 'Our with renewed courage and with un- Sultans had the miraculous power of flinching determination.-Churck Mis- seventy saints, so much so that they sionary Outlook. could blind the eyes of a Czar in Mos- cow by pointing their fingers out in Economic Conditions in Europe that direction!

GEORGE HARRISON PHELPS, Science is in the west. It is in special commissioner of the De- Germany, France, England, Russia, partment of Labor in Washington, Italy and America. It is everywhere who visited France, England, Italy, in the west; it is nowhere in our Spain and Germany, said the economic country. What can we do in this and industrial conditions in Europe state ? We have entered into western were unfavorable everywhere except life. We want to walk together with in France, where he said he found the western nations. Our goal is good prosperity on every side. and worthy of encouragement. We must follow the west if we intend to "There are no unemployed in live as a nati'On in the world. There France," the commissioner said, "and is no other way. Why should we stand there is more gold there than in any and wait? We cannot walk on this country except the United States. The path by talking and by pride only! luxury tax has been reduced from 12 We have hardly the light of a firefly! We need the light of a sun!

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The west is open before us like an longer."-Extracts from letters from ocean of light. We can take as much Russia and Siberia, pubUshed by the as we like. Nobody is hindering us. National Lutheran Council.

But we cannot take this light merely by the show movements of a false ISLANDS acrobat! We must make real effort. Follow Up EvangelisDl Our ignorance is like the wall of _ AN EFFECTIVE plan of keeping in China. We must pull down. We must l. touch with discharged patients enter the world of light. – Kazim has been adopted by the Presbyterian Nami, in Uyanis (Turkish) Transla-' mission hospital at Dumaguete, in the tion Service of the School of Religion, Philippine Islands. A young man Pale on Pha/Bron" Greece. visits each former patient about three Continued Persecution in Russia or four times each year, leaving a tract and other religious literature, T IFE is very hard. We have no though sometimes the journey is 50 L clothing, no linen. Food is brought miles. The story is told that a patient of the hospital was given a New Testato us by kind people and thus we are ment which he studied, but, being unstill living. , . ,A short time ago many able to attend any religious services, people of our villages were taken to did not show any deep interest in the railroad station, quite a transport Christianity. However, he took his went off, but nobody knows where to Testament with him to his home back -that is a secret. It is said by many in the hills, where he organized a conthat Siberia or the Antarctic Sea may gregation; elders were elected and be the destination. From day to day regular worship was conducted" every we are waiting for our turn …. Yes- Sunday in this man's home. There terday my husband was arrested and was only one Testament in the little sent away. I am in despair,., .Just village and when a colporteur of the now I am sitting in my bare little American Bible Society, who had been room, in the corner is a heap of straw told by inhabitants of another town to covered with a piece of old sack cloth. go farther back into the hills where … ,My thoughts are always with my they were asking for this book, reached husband … ,what sort of a night is this village his stock was soon exhe to have? … Really, if we would hausted. not cling to our belief that God will turn all these things into wholesome fruit of justi1ication, we would have Rural Y. M. C. A. in Ha.waii to despair or go mad as so many now Y do ….. M. C. A. first honors for rural May God, the dear Father in • work anywhere in America went heaven, take pity on us and deliver to Kauai, in the Hawaiian Islands, us. We hoped from day to day that under the direction of the capable sec- the door of our pris'on would Open at retary, Mr. Andrew Gross. The work last, but in vain. It is a dreadful is conducted largely through the pub- state not to be safe for a moment. lic schools and churches of the Island This horrible, nerve-shattering state and includes boys' clubs, Bible study makes life a torture. And all this classes, devotional periods, basketball under the cover of freedom, equality, tournaments, hygiene talks, ,socials, brotherhood ….. entertainments, thrift meetings, and From a prison camp in Siberia: many other activities. An older boys'

"Many families are living here. They conference is held and a boys' camping die like flies. Ice is still in our bar- center has been purchased. Since it racks. We cannot sleep, we are sur- is always ,summer in Hawaii the place rounded by vermin." Perhaps this is is used throughout the year. Boys the last letter that I will write. There from nine to twelve are cared for in is no hope of enduring it much "Friendly Indian" clubs, and the

group from twelve to fifteen in "Pio- several centuries before the Christian neer" clubs. Paralleling this program Era.

is the work of the Y. W. C. A. which Probably more battles, sieges, mas- reaches a large number of girls. sacres, and murders crowd the annals These two organizations are making of this town than those of any other a great contribution to the life of similar area throughout the world.

these present and future Americans. "It is my desire that the planning "Father and Son" banquets are held· and designing of the public buildings and, since most of the fathers are to be erected will be cunsidered with Orientals, the occasions are both in- the greatest deliberation and care so teresting and picture·sque. English that the new creation may be in every classes are conducted for this older way worthy of this ancient and beaugroup. The chief industry of Kauai tiful city," said George V, Emperor is sugar cane, and the Y work is car- of India, on Dec. 15, 1911, when he ried on in close touch with the planta- laid the foundation stone of the new tion programs. The lives of many city.-New York Times. hundreds of Japanese-American, Kor- ean-American and Filipino-American Henry Martyn School, Lahore are being influenced. THE recently 0 pen e d Christian Inventing Written Language school of Islamic Studies at Lahore, India, has been given the appropriate DR. FRANK C. LAUBACH in the name of the "Henry Martyn Schoo!." Philippines, is adding to his The mIssIOnary societies through many interesting achievements the whose initiation the project is due are invention of a written language. At the S. P. G., the C. M. S., the W. M. least he is now struggling to reduce M. S., the L. M. S., and the Methodist to writing a language hitherto only Episcopal Church of North America.

spoken or used in a very difficult Arabic script. Its nineteen sounds he Sam Higginbottom Decorated is seeking to reproduce with one sound As A recognition of his work the 1)or each letter, in order to facilitate King of England sometime ago the publishing of the Bible and other presented Mr. Sam Higginbottom with books needed in the education of the the Kaiser-in-Hind medal, one of the people of Mindanao. highest honors bestowed by the king upon residents of India. The medal If anyone thinks it is easy to do was given this American missionary what Dr. Laubach is attempting, we in recognition of the pioneer work he would suggest his trying it on some has done. He introduced better agrilanguage which he has heard but has cultural methods among the native never seen written in Romanist form.

INDIA farmers. As a result he has given India's New Capital them a few of the comforts of life, raised their standards of living from T HE new capital of India may not that of abject squalor to that of or- be as beautifully located amid dinary comforts and sanitation, and in lovely natural surroundings as Can- general contributed to the welfare of berra or Darul-Aman, the new capital the people. So well has he done his of Afghanistan, or as luxuriously built work that both Indian princes and as Washington, but it has a romance British government officials h a v e of antiquity which is perhaps denied sought his advice about the develop- to its competitors. The imperial city ment of the rural districts of India.

of Delhi, the Rome of Asia, with its His introduction of American agri- surrounding area of furty-five square cultural machinery is being watched miles of suburban territory, teems with interest by the whole Orient. If with relics of empires dating back to his experiment succeeds in India sim-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ilar experiments will be undertaken militant teaching and the full accept- in other places. – The Presbyterian ance of the doctrines of Jesus Christ. Advance. ….. From this grim religious obses- sion of soul-slavery (forced upon the India's Curse untouchables by the insistent social pressure of the caste system) only an T wo men of outcaste rank were antipodal creed, brought by men them- traveling on a train in India. It selves white hot with belief in the stopped at a station, they alighted, supreme efficacy of their own faith, bought cups of tea and drank them. could set the victim free. These mis- Suddenly pandemonium broke loose sionaries have done a job of humanizbecause they had dared drink from ing work, have aroused a volume of the same cup used by higher caste -outspoken gratitude and affection, travelers. Finally the two men were h a v e developed a propagandizing forced to buy the cups. Then, heap- power, not without potentiality in fuing indignity upon indignity, the ture India." guard on the train said "Aha, you have cups in your possession. You "Until" Meetings must pay me four rupees to make it worth while not to take you up for B ISHOP B. T. BADLEY writes in this." A lawyer of low caste origin the Indian Witness: was also refused tea at a station, but "Until Meetings" are being held in because of his position finally secured villages of the Bombay area, under the drink. He got his tea, but all the the leadership of Indian men, where people of his caste in the entire dis- the people come together to pray and trict were for a long time boycotted wait "until" they receive the power in the shops. Gandhi does well to em- from on high, of which our Lord spoke phasize the curse of untouchability.- to His disciples. There is neither fad Missionary Herald. nor fanaticism-just a waiting be- fore God and a claiming of His prom- Miss Mayo on India Missionaries ise, the "promise of the Father" anil the pledge of Christ. "ONE of the two active influences which have affected the status Will the Moslems of India Remain of the untouchables (in India) was, LoyaU and is, the reclamation work of the Christian missionaries …… It is now DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, author some sixty years since that work be- of a new book, "Across the World gan, and of the five million present- of Islam," is an authority on Mohamday Indian Christians a large majority medanism. In a recent interview he are untouchable in origin. The de- said: "India is the largest and most voted workers (missionaries) have important Moslem country in the plunged into mud waist deep and set world. Nearly seventy millions of its their shoulders to the burden of the vast population constitute a 'minority' slaves. The material result wherever of great power in the world of Islam. the-se people have dug in is cleanliness Indian Moslems exert a world-wide instead of squalor, health instead of influence through their Diaspora and rottenness, courage instead of cring- their press." The reader of Chapters ing, a percentage of literacy high I, II and XVI in Dr. Zwemer's book above that of the Hindu body and, will have the key to the actual situaeducation once received, a frequent tion. Dr. Julius Richter of the Uniwillingness to return to the village versity of Berlin writes: "There is and live for the less fortunate of the hardly anyone, even among the same blood. The fact may as well be Orientalists, with such a compre· faced that the decisive agent in affect- hensive and intimate knowledge of ing this metamorphosis has been the present-day Islam as Dr. Zwemer."

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ. By Wil- ditions. Religion of course begins liam Bancroft Hill, D.D. 160 pp. $1.25. with the individual; but it cannot end Revell. New York. there. It affects, and it is affected by, the conditions of his environment. Christians who remember St. Paul's Christ is for all life and all relations solemn statement that "if Christ hath of life-individual, family, community, not been raised, your faith is vain, ye national and international. A man are yet in your sins; then they also cannot be a true Christian in his prithat are fallen a81eep in Christ have vate life and a pagan as a neighbor perished," and who are perplexed by and a citizen. the frequent assertions that the doctrine of the resurrection has no his- The author of this handsome volume toric basis, eagerly welcome good is widely recognized as one of the books on this vital theme. The dis- leading exponents of the social applitinguished Professor Emeritus of cation of the Gospel. Called in 1893 Biblical Literature in Vassar College, from a Congregational pastorate in and member of the Board of Foreign Hartford, Connecticut, to the Chair of Missions of the Reformed Church in Social Economics in Chicago Theolog- America, here give·s us such a book. ical Seminary, he soon became an in- It is an able, scholarly, evangelical and fluential factor in the city's life. He reverent study of the basic fact of founded the Chicago Commons Social Christianity. He carefully evaluates Settlement, was its head resident for all the accounts of it in the Gospels over thirty years, and a leader in civic, and all the references to it in the social, industrial, interracial, educa- Epistles, and he concludes that the tional and religious movements amid evidence is impregnable. He believes the teeming multitudes and surging that the churches of today are not growth of that remarkable metropolis. availing themselves of an abundant This book tells the story of his probsource of power when they fail to lems, the struggles and achievements. give the resurrection a large place in It is a human document of rare intertheir faith and preaching. "The est, and a contribution of unique value Christian world is hoping and pray- to the literature of the subject. ing for a new day of Pentecost. Is it prepared to preach with full conviction Nature and Religion. By Charles H. Tynthe message of the first day-Jesus dall. 275 pp. $2. Revell. New York. and the resurrection?" No other book of our acquaintance more helpfully The author is a retired minister who discusses this momentous subject or has been a life-long student of science. more richly repays thoughtful perusal. He has written several scientific books and has lectured at many colleges and Pioneering on Social Frontiers. By Gra- chautauquas. In this volume he has ham Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University assembled many facts which modern of Chicago Press. Chicago. science has disclosed regarding the universe, the earth, the sea, minerals, One of the notable developments of plants and animals. He avoids techmodern Christianity is the activity of nical terms and presents his informathe churches in applying the principles tion in popular style. The material is of the Go.spel of Christ to social con- arranged for use a·s a handbook.

796

BOOKS WORTH READING

The religious bearing of the facts is book is well documented and has its indicated from the viewpoint of an value for those who desire to underevangelical believer, and each chapter stand the inner spirit of Indian Nais followed by questions for review. tionalism. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. It is a good book to put into the hands of young people. ImmortabiUty, an Old Man's Conclusions. By S. D. McConnell, 178 pp. $1.50. The Passion Play of Oberammergau. By Macmillan. New York. Janet H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. New York. An old man of 85 years, sitting quietly in the evening of life, realizing Visitors to Oberammergau this year that the end of earthly existence is were fortunate if they read this book near, and meditating deeply upon the before their arrival, for it gave them mystery of what lies beyond-this is information that they needed to have. the picture that this book suggests. People who did not go have doubtless The traditional arguments for uniheard so much about the Passion Play versal immortality do not satisfy him. in that famous village among the Ba- He thinks that they are post-biblical varian hills that they may well be and were influenced by conceptions of grateful for Mrs. Swift's account of man and the universe that modern it. She has written with full knowl- science has showed to be untenable. edge and fine sympathy. She describes He has "read scores of books on the the place and the people, the history subject and learned from them just of the play, the essentially religious nothing at all." He sees no adequate character of the performance, the de- ground in Scripture, science or reason votional spirit that characterizes it, for the current belief that all the huand the profound spiritual impression man beings that have been in the that it makes upon the beholder,s. It world from primitive savagery till is a book of deep and permanent inter- now are immortal simply by virtue of est. birth, and he presents many argu- ments and cites numerous Scripture India in Bondage, Her Right to Freedom passages in support of immortability and a Place Among the Great Nations. -by which he means immortality, not By Jabez T. Sunderland, M.A., D.D. as an inherent endowment of every 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. man but as a prize to be sought and achieved through Jesus Christ, and in This most interesting book, first no other way. He declares that "this published in India, was promptly sup- whole argument was set forth nineteen pressed there by the British Govern- centuries ago" by St. Paul in 1 Cor. ment. The author is an American and 15, and he marvels that "its plain has visited India twice. He gives the meaning has been persistently mis- Indian side of the problems relating read." Believers in conditional imto self-determination. In all of his mortality will find in this book strong conclusions he is violently anti-British, reenforcement. Others, who will not as the titles of some of the chapters concur in his positions, will respect indicate: e. g., British Arrogance and the sincerity of this venerable clergy- India's Humiliation; The Kind of man who has had a long and honored "Justice" Britain Gives India; India's ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Opium Curse; India's Drink Curse; Church and who writes as one who is Crushing Out the Genius of a Gifted soon to "cross over from the life that People; The Truth About the Amrit- now is to another." sar Massacre; The Great Farce- Britain's Claim That India Is Her Gott und die Voelker. By Dr. Martin "Sacred Trust"; The Great Delusion- Schlunk. 3.50 Marks. Furche Publi- Britain's Claim That She Is "Edu- cation House. Berlin. cating India for Self-Rule." These chapter headings indicate what the The author is one of the greatest reader may expect. Nevertheless, the authorities on Missions in present-day

Germany. Having long served the graphically narrates her experiences, cause in an executive capacity, he is the manners and customs of the prim- now Professor of Missions in the Uni- itive tribes, their .superstitions and versity of Tiibingen. He presents the dire spiritual needs, and the efforts Scripture teachings on Foreign Mis- that are being made to give them the sions in a most original way. The Gospel of Christ. Rear Admiral Sir material is divided over a period of H. H. Stileman, of the British Navy, twelve weeks of seven days each, so writes the preface, in which he says that the reader may have a section that "the world's store of missionary before him each day of the week and literature will be richer for this work make his own review on Sundays. The from Miss Stuart-Watt's pen, written main divisions are: God's Will to as it is with an intimate knowledge Send; God's Command; The Carrying of that fascinating and mysterious Out of This Command; The Result. portion of the Dark Continent."

The Scripture passage·s bearing on Indian Islam. By Murray T. Titus. 290 each point are stated first and are ac- pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. companied by explanatory notes. The New York. author does not state a thesis which he tries to prove, but leaves the reader This is the latest volume in the to draw his own conclusions. It is notable series on the Religious Quest the most successful presentation of the Scripture teaching on Missions. of India which has won a high place in the literature of religious thought. C. T. BENZE. The author is a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church who has Mystik oder Versohnung, Dr. Karl Heim written out of an experience of nine- and Kokichi Kurosaki. Furche Publi- teen years in India, during which he cation House. Berlin. has made a profound study of Indian This book consists of two essays, life, philosophy and religions. In this the first by the well-known Tiibingen book his special subject is the history professor, and the other an interpre- of Mohammedanism in India. It tive autobiography of a famous Japa- shows thorough scholarship, clear nese Christian. Both essays are writ- thinking, and Christian spirit. He ten from the standpoint of mysticism. says that he wrote the book as a thesis Prof. Heim ends with the statement for the Kennedy School of Missions at that the secret of the whole matter Hartford, Connecticut, in requirement lies in reconciliation with God; that for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the end Foreign Missions means but it is a work of permanent value, not a compromise but war; and that giving a comprehensive and readable the Christian is a debtor both to the account of the history, beliefs and in- Jew and the Greek. Kurosaki reaches fluence of 70,000,000 people whose atthe same conclusion from the course titude must be taken into account by of his own Christian life. The essays anyone who would understand modern are a worth-while contribution to the India.

missionary cause, written from a modern viewpoint. C. T. BENZE. The Faith that Wins. By Roy Talmadge Africa's Dome of Mystery. By Eva Stuart- Brumbaugh. 125 pp. 75c. Bible In- stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago.

Watt, F.R.G.S. 214 pp. $4.50. Mar- This is a small but interesting and shall, Morgan and Scott. London. helpful book by the pastor of the Pres- This i·s a superbly illustrated de- byterian church at Coatesville, Pa. He scriptive history of the Wachagga discusses faith as walking, witnessing, people of Kilimanjaro, their evangeli- adventuring, overcoming, choosing, liv~ zation, and a girl's pioneer climb to ing, conquering, suffering, and he the crater of their 19,000 feet snow closes with a beautiful chapter on shrine. The author, who is a member Christ as "The Author and Perfecter of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, of Faith."

PERSONALS AND OBITUARY

PERSONALS MRS. KATHARINE M. B. FORD, widow of the Rev. Dr. George A. Ford, died (Concluded from page 721.) July 5, of heart disease in Syria, where she had long been engaged in missionary sence, beginning September first, to meet work. With Dr. Ford, honorable retire- ment was granted her by the Board of the request of the National Christian Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in 1924, but they con- Council of India for his services as tech- tinued to live 'in the land of their adoption. Dr. Ford died two years ago. nical advisor in the rural social survey DR. ANNA S. *KUG*LER*, first American of the Christian mass movement. The woman medical missionary to India, and survey, which is financed by the Institute founder of the Lutheran hospital at Guntur, died recently at the age of 74. of Social and Religious Research, looks Dr. Kugler was a graduate of the Wom- en's Medical College of Philadelphia, and to an inquiry into the economic, social, has served for 47 years on the mission field. In 1904 she received the Kaiserand occupational status of the new Chris- i-Hind silver medal from the British Viceroy. tians, agricultural people living in small DR. JESSE LYM'"AN* HU*RLBUT, long one villages. MINNIE *V.* * of the best-known Sunday-school workers MISS SANDBERG, foreign in the world, died at Bloomfield, N. J., Aug. 3, at the age of 87. Dr. Hurlbut secretary of the Woman's Foreign Mis- first came into national prominence when he joined with Dr. John H. Vincent, and sion Society (Baptist), sailed from Van- one or two others to found the Chau- tauqua Assembly at Chautauqua, N. Y. couver August 7, for a visit to the mis- Two years ago a movement was started to build a Hurlbut Memorial Community sion fields. Miss Sandberg has served as Church at Chautauqua in honor of the veteran leader. For years Dr. Hurlbut a missionary in Japan, and carries with served as editor of the Sunday-school material of his denomination, and his her not only a practical knowledge of books, which were mainly simple re-tell- ings of biblical narratives for the use of missionary life on the field, but a keen study classes, sold in large quantities. His "Story of the Bible" is said still to insight into missionary problems as they be the most widely circulated children's book in its field in America. relate to the home base. During her ab- THE RIGHT REV*. S*IDN*EY CATLIN PARTsence Miss Helen L. Tufts, assistant for- RIDGE, D.D., Bishop of West Missouri eign secretary will be in charge of the since 1911 and for more than a quarter century a missionary in China and Jaforeign work. pan, died from a heart attack on June 22, in Kansas City, Missouri. * * .. THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., *** LL.D., F.R.G.S., internationally known THE REV. DAVID GOURLEY WYLIE, president of the Lord's Day Alliance and as "the modern apostle to the Moslem for more than a half-century a promi- nent Presbyterian leader, died suddenly World," will be inducted into the chair August 26, at the age 73. Dr. Wylie had been presiding at the twenty-first of Christian Missions and the History of annual General Bible Conference, held at Stony Brook, L. 1., of which he was Religion at Princeton Theological Semi- one of the founders.

nary on October 1. Dr. Zwemer spent NEW BOOKS over 30 years in Egypt and Arabia, has The Bible in My Everyday Life. Eugene written a score of books on Mohamme- Franklin Reese. 432 pp. $2.85. Sys- tem Bible Co. Chicago. danism, and is the editor of The Moslem Bhaskar and His Friends. Clara G. La- World and the founder of the American boree. 110 pp. 75c pa~er, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Christian Literature Society for Mos- A Century Of Anglo-Catholioism. Herbert lems. Leslie Stewart. 404 pp. $4.75. Ox- ford University Press. New York. RABINDRANATH* TA'"GO'R" E expects to ar- rive in the United States for his brief lecture tour during October. His tour will be entirely under the direction of the Service Committee of the Friends.

* THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, reached the age limit for Board officers September first and became Secretary Emeritus. He has served the Board with marked wisdom and efficiency for 23 years.

*** THE REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., rounds out this year twenty-five years of service as Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church.

OBITUARY THE REV. JACOB SPEICHER, for thirtysix years a missionary in China for the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died July 17, at Swatow, China, of typhoid fever. His widow and children are in Swatow.

Children of the Sea and Sun. Mabel Gar- "Aayl" Glimpses of Rosalie Harley. A. rett Wagner. 122 pp. 75c paper, $1 Donald Miller. 45 pp. 50c. Mission cloth. Friendship Press. New York. to Lepers. London. 1930.

Daily Bible Memory Verses. Gertrude African Horizons. John Cudahy. 159 pp. Wales. 52 pp. 75c. Revell. New $3. Duffield. New York. 1930. York. China's Crucillxion. Putnam Weale. 401 India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland. pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. 1930.

Pioneering on Social Frontiers. Graham Chapters in Church History. John W. Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University of Wayland. 154 pp. $1.50. Revell. Chicago Press. Chicago. New York. 1930.

The Passion Play of Oberammergau. Janet Death Valley. Bourke Lee. 210 pp. $4. H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. Macmillan. New York. 1930. New York. Gott und Die Voelker. Dr. Martin Shlunk. Porto Rican Neighbors. Charles W. St. M3.50. Furche Pub. House. Berlin. John. 98 pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….

The Star of India. Isabel Brown Rose. Are You Sick? 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Are You Discouraged?

Sugar Is Sweet. Dorothy McConnell. 75c Are You Financially paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. Distressed? New York. YOU NEED West Indian Treasures. Winifred Hul- bert. 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship GOD and MAN Press. New York.

Africa's Dome of, Mystery. Eva Stuart- Watt. Ill. 214 pp. lOs. 6d. Marshall Mortan & Scott. London. 1930.

Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- sions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 316 pp. New York. 1930.

ANNUITY A Devotional Manual for Daily Use AGREEMENTS By BLAIR SCOTT Are being issued in large numbers every year … It reveals to you the spiritual law of God• to former annuitants and new friends because ….under which the Master met and overcame The plan is simple all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. It is easily understood (Pages 22,23.24) It has proven uniformly satisfactory For Bible References, recording God's available It is recognized as being financially sound SPIR'lTUAL SUPPL.Y, UNLIMITED SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. It avoids aU loss during hard times (Pages 121-13d It enables a person to make a gift to mis- For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL- sions and at the same time guarantee ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE. themselves an income for life. (Pages III~1I3) For further in/ormation write: Whatever your problem-. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis- THIS BOOK sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.• or By the Grandson of Walter Scott MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer. Board of For- Unveils your God.given heritage of Dominion eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Limp, Round Corners, $1.50 ORDER BLANK —-, SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELT ER, or FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY. 158 Fifth Avenue, New York.

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COMING EVENTS can Board of Foreign Commissioners, died after a long illness May 9. Miss September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- Kyle was better known to Presbyterians .EKENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- for her many years as chairman of the sions Conference of N. A., New committee on Christian literature for York, N. Y. women and children of the Orient, One of the important committees of the Federa- September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- tion of Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, sions of North America. conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- eration of Churches and the Wom- *** en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- DR. CLIFFORD STUBBS, connected with phia, Pa. the Friends Service Council, stationed at Chengtu, Szechuen province, was killed September 30-0ctober 1 – EXECUTIVE while riding in a rickshaw in Chengtu COMMITTEE, Council of Women for on Friday, May 30. Dr. Stubbs arrived Home Missions, New York, N. Y. in China in 1913 from England and has been head of the chemistry department October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN of West China Union University. He is CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. survived by Mrs. Stubbs and several children. October' 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. *** October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- MISS HARRIET N. EASTMAN, missionary TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- in Burma, died in Toungoo, Burma, on ington, D. C. May 6, 1930. Hers is one of the longest records of missionary service in the October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- history of the Society. CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. Miss Eastman was born in Griggsville, November 30-December 5-NoRTH AMER- Ill., February 19, 1839; educated at the ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Western Female Seminary, Oxford, Ohio, Washington, D. C. and graduated in 1859. For eleven years she taught. January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, As the Foreign Mission Society did Washington, D. C. not then send out single women mission- aries, Miss Eastman's desire for appoint- January 20-21, 1931- COUNCIL OF ment was not at once considered. It was CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- not until 1871, when the Women's So- dianapolis, Ind. cieties were formed, that the call for single women to go out as teachers PERSONALS brought the question to Miss Eastman's prayerful attention once more. Her ap- MISS ESTHER M. McRuER, director of pointment, under the Woman's Baptist religious education in the First Presby- Missionary Society of the West, came in terian church, of Ardmore, Oklahoma, September, 1872. has been appointed Field Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of National Mis- From 1872 to 1890 she was identified sions. Miss McRuer's work will be with the Bgai Karen work at Toungoo, mainly with women's societies, but she Burma. Broken in health, she returned will serve other church organizations as to America in 1890, but after five years occasion demands. at home was able to return to the field. In 1895, under the American Baptist DR. A. L. WA*RN*SHU*IS, Secretary of Missionary Union, Miss Eastman re- turned to do literary work in the land the International Missionary Council, is in which she had already spent so many sailing from Seattle, on August 23, to years of her life. At Toungoo she asstudy conditions in the Far Eastern mis- sisted the Revision Committee in presion field. Starting with conferences in paring for the press the revised Sgaw Japan, especially relating to the King- Karen Bible with references. dom of God Movement, Dr. Warnshuis will visit Korea, Japan, Shanghai, Can- ** ton, the Philippines, and, if conditions permit, other parts of China. MISS CYNTHIA E. WILSON, a Presby- terian missionary in India for forty-one OBITUARY years and known for her translations of the Bible and other books into the Hindu- THE REV. JACOB STUCKI, of Black stani and Punjabi languages, died July River Falls, Wisconsin, died at Los An- 5 at the Pasadena Hospital, where she geles, California, May 10th. Mr. Stucki had been confined since a fall she suswho was a missionary among the Winnebago Indians since 1878, had been se- tained ten months ago. riously ill for some months, and had been taken to Los Angeles by one of his sons Miss Wilson went to India as a mis- sionary in 1876 and remained there until for treatment. * .. .. 1917, when she came to Southern Cali- fornia. Death came at 80 years of age. MISS ALICE M. KYLE, for thirty-two years editorial secretary of the Ameri- Pages Crowded with Vital Christian Messages The BIBLE TO~DAY is a popular and aggressive evangelistic Bible study magazine which has proved to be of incalculable worth to ministers. Bible teachers, missionaries and other Christian workers. Among timely and vital articles to be published in early numbers. are: HOW ANSWER RUSSIA? by Dr. Valentine Hepp, the distinguished Dutch philosopher and professor at the Free University of Amsterdam.

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PLAYTIME AT THE YODOGAWA NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE IN OSAKA, JAPAN

LUI, No.9 September

THE MISSIONARY Of tae EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN BY THE REV. GEORGE P. PIERSON, D.D.

Presbyteriwn Missionary in Japan Jor Forty Year8 T HE citadel of a land is its To win these millions for Christ common people, notably fts is the long, hard, final campaign rural people. Only when this into which the great church citadel is taken is a land really throughout the world and the lit- open. There are at least 40,000,- tle church in Japan are entering.

000 of Japan's 60,000,000 living on Can the Japanese church alone ac- farms or by the sea. Most of them complish the evangelization of this are at least where their fathers generation? Can 300,000 believers were, fearful of local deities, in the evangelize the 68,000,000 unbe- "way of the gods," bound to the lievers now living and dying? Let temples and tombs of the Buddhist us not underestimate the strength way, or, what is more likely, ac- of the Japanese church-a self-re- cepting something of each of these specting, respected body, manag- three religions-native worship, ing and quite able to manage its ancestor worship, Buddhism-and own affairs, providentially grown hardly conscious of the confused into a welcoming church-home for history of their conglomerate faith. those who may be won later by Every rural missionary knows large ingatherings. David Thomp- of millions of people who are prac- son, one of the pioneers of seventy tically unevangelized, and recog- years ago, viewing the high walls nizes that he is set to a task that and the sons of Anak, said within calls for a score of workers. Dr. himself, "If I live to see a hundred Wainright, head of The Christian converts, I shall die happy." He Literature Society of Japan, a lived to see 3,000 times that num- careful writer, would have little ber that could be counted and thou- occasion to revise the following sands more that could not be statement made seven or eight counted, moreover, he saw Chris- years ago: "There are thousands tian schools and asylums accom- of towns of strategic value without panying the church's growth, a a Christian worker and many with- translated Bible, tracts and news- out a Christian witness." It is es- papers incalculably diffusing the timated that there are over 8,800 knowledge of Christ through the unoccupied towns of 2,000 to 8,000 great cities and larger towns.

population and containing over 33,- The next step for the Japanese 000,000 people. church, and particularly for the 645

missions in Japan, is evangeliza- a god. The teaching of the one tion of the rural regions. Mission- Mediator between God and man is confronted by an imitated plan of aries were first founders, then salvation whereby an unhistorical co-presbyters, then relieved offi- Amida through the merit of a great cers, and now finally they face the renunciation saves believers into a responsibility of evangelizing the fictitious heaven. A heart suffiregions beyond, to cover which the ciently confused by shadowy tradiresources of the church are not tions of nature worship, ancestor adequate. worship and Buddhist myth, has scant interest in another religion The rural regions look easy. which he regards as a foreign in- There are railroads to carry you trusion. It is to a heart of this in comfort from the remote re- composite blur that the missionary cesses of the Hokkaido to the ex- would introduce Christ, before tremities of Formosa, protection which he stands appalled counting by the police, deferential treatment the cost, and likely to be more apby the people, unconcerned repose palled until he counts all the cost, in the inns-with nothing between until over against the obscurations you and your neighbor but a paper and substitutes of Satan, he weighs screen, attitudes toward your mes- the realities of Christ, the covesage ranging from the non-hostile nants of God and the promise to the eagerly receptive. Every- through the Spirit who, convincing thing seems welcoming as we set the world of sin and righteousness foot on the portcullis, and have ac- and judgment, regenerates the decess to the citadel-the heart of a generate souls of men. common people-easy, but there we are stopped. The hearts of the Rural regions then, being logicommon people it is true are as of cally the next step, how maya misold, honest, open, teachable, wel- sionary work in a small country coming, but we meet the intercept- town, one of the 8,000 yet unoccuing priest. Jesus met him and Paul pied towns of from 2,000 to 8,000 met him. people, among which towns he may select one of the 350 places where The revelation of a one Creator there are located middle schools for God seems an unnecessarily re- boys and an equal number of simstricted conception to one who has ilar schools for girls and where no been instructed to look back Christian work is being done? through a divinely derived Imperial House of today to a divine an- He works by the silent testicestry of yesterday and still mony of a Christian life thereby further back to a heavenly pan- incontestibly putting the commutheon from which he came, under nity on the defensive. If he is a whose protection he lives and of bachelor it is soon recognized that which tomorrow he himself be- he never visits the euphemistically comes a part. A righteous and lov- designated "restaurants," whereing Heavenly Father has little in upon the world begins to consider common with those gods, many to what new thing "this babbler" has whom a priest can offer prayers to to say, the flesh begins to estimate prosper the building and business the cost of accepting his Gospel, of a new brothel, whose proprietor and the devil begins to stir up op- -after his traffic in the souls of position. If he has a family, while men is done-may himself become

EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN

the ladies of the town are inspect- all these sources is formed that ing the furnishings of his house most potential, "the church in thy they are making mental note of house," which for pure soul satis- how the master of the home ad- faction and to the praise of the dresses his wife, how the children Spirit of Jesus has no equal. Only answer their mother, and whether in Christ do men really meet, and Confucian caste or Christian love in a brotherhood tnat is eternal.

rules the home. From such little home churches go The first visitor to arrive, coin- forth Christian merchants, engi- cident with the first load of house- neers, teachers, preachers.

hvld goods, ana on every subse- To reach the 200,000 unevangel- quent arrival of anything else, ex- ized people in his county your cept the familiar postman and young missionary must be endless- tradesman, are the children, the ly touring, distributing in the last household babies on their towns and villages, as he does in backs, tops and toys held in spell- his own town, Bibles and tracts bound abeyance. The children do from house to house, with extra not have to be invited to the first supplies placed in barber shops, session of the Sunday-school which bath houses and hospitals, togeth- is held on trunks and boxes. They er with paid articles on Christian go away with some pretty cards themes in the county newspapers, tucked away in their bosoms and all of which induce invitations, let- some wonderful thoughts tucked ters of inquiry, visits and return away in their souls. Then come visits. Your country missionary twenty middle schoolboys after is rarely out of sight of an uncon- English and five primary school verted man and a man, too, who teachers on the same quest, depart- will listen to what he has to say.

ing after tea and cake with an un- While he may never overstress the written charter-thirty minutes importance of work with the in- of English of all varieties (con- dividual, he will not be blind to the versational-broken, correspond- opportunities lying before him of ence-original, reading-anything gaining access to institutions not from "See the hen run" to Ein- unfriendly to his advances. It stein, essays on such themes as should be remembered that Japan "the Universe and Other Mat- is a land of departments and sub- ters,") to be followed by a half departments, bureaus, classes, hour's instruction in the Japanese guilds, societies and associations.

Bible. Almost everybody is subsumed.

The missionary family is pres- Now while we should deprecate ently discovered by the town in Christianity being made a national general. The wife has much to of- religion by fiat decree, yet it does fer in the way of music, cooking, seem as though in a land where so sewing, English for the girls, and little individualism prevails, it is Bible classes for women. Railroad wise to seek admission to a given men, post-office officials, bank class through the doorway of the clerks, business men begin to call chief's own opening. We do not on the master. Soon a litte com- ask the patronage of any depart- pany is meeting Sunday evenings ment; we ask admission only, ul- to sing hymns and listen to an in- timately the work must be with formal Bible talk. Presently from individuals.

There are certain unique Dppor- 000 of them it is estimated, and tunities that may be properly 10,000 Young Women's Associa- called modern. 'l'he country mis- tions. Everything is discussed, but sionary may gain admission to the a knowledge of the Way of Life is primary SChDOls. His coming is a painfully lacking. Win one of these spectacular event. On the rostrum associatiDns and you have captured in the assembly room he may say a strDnghold.

a great deal Df what he wishes to The railroad authorities during say without abusing the privilege certain weeks of the year permit granted him by the principal. He missionaries and Japanese evan- may speak still more freely in the gelists to address the station em- teachers' room, even selling Bibles ployees and the men in the shops.

there. A Bible class for teachers The railroad officials make out 'conducted in Dne Df the rooms is your itinerary, furnish you with not an uncommon thing. A happy an official as courier, provide you sign of the times is the changed with a second-class pass, arrange attitude of the Educational De- with the station master to, prepare partment towards religion, frankly the waiting room with table and recognizing the necessity Df reli- chairs, and assemble the men con- gion in an educational system and nected with the station-in many recommending its presentation. cases their wives as well. You are What the missionary would hesi- expected to speak on morality, but tate to do in the classrooms, he in giving the reHgious sanctions may do outside the school gates. for morality one has to introduce Here is the way one missionary a statement of the Way of Life.

does it. Riding out in his Ford he Most hospitals are open to visi- meets the children just as they are tation. Dormitories for factory emerging from the school gate. He workers will arrange for special is playing "Jesus Loves Me" on the meetings. Work for prisoners must little pDrtable organ, part of the be done with individual'prisoners, car's outfit. Of course the children except in rare instances where one soon throng the spot and they are may address the whole body.

taught very simply, perhaps with What worries a country mission- a "surplus material" picture roll, ary is not the lack Df opportunities why and how Jesus loves them; but in a multitude of opportunities and that they may not forget it which to choose; the danger is that all, a very short catechism on a he may become either used to the single sheet of paper is given them. sight to the point of hardening, or When they get home it is not long discouraged at the magnitude Df before they have told the old peo- his task. Every country mission- ple all about it, too. So a regular ary knows of hundreds of thDU- Sabbath-school has been held with sands of unevangelized people no expense for rent, janitor, light whom, humanly speaking, he can and heating and the Httle old Ford never hope to reach. Sometimes rushes off to intercept the next he finds himself under the juniper group. Seventy-nine out of eighty tree asking himself "Why is it that of the children of Japan go to believers are not more zealous in school. leading their people to Christ? Is In every village and town there it that they do not know the Scrip- is a Young Men's Association, 15,- tures or that they do not realize

the peril of the unsaved? But," he 5. The call of the rural regions is answers himself, "the Japanese for missionaries who will inexpen- Christian faces a far more difficult sively take up their abode in the task in the endeavor to lead their country towns with the fixed purpose relatives or friends than do we; of living there and of planting and for besides what we have to con- training as well as radiating theretend against in the world, the flesh from in the regions beyond. Chrisand the devil, they meet in every tians made by the "Million Souls department of life cruel, fearful, M'ovement," or similar movements, disdainful, unbending custom. need ntonths and years of love, teach- Twenty-five centuries of pyramidal ing, guidance and personal standingmoves are looking down on them- by-nes,s. and the look is forbidding: twenty centuries of Christian ancestry are S. The call is also for women mislooking down on us-and the look sionaries to conduct informal horne is solicitous." schools in rural districts. Provide a budget of $2,000, a faculty of two Our theses then are these: Japanese women teachers, a cur- riculum of three grammar-school 1. The Church Universal of this years, an enrolment of thirty pupils, generation is responsible for the evan- a practical course – mostly domestic gelization of the unsaved of this gen- science suited to the sphere of their eration. future environment, and, that their spirits may soar, all the music they 2. The Church in Japan with its can compass with all the literature 300,000 believers, Roman Catholic and they can absorb; finally and su- Protestant, cannot, it would seem, premely a thorough acquaintance with evangelize the 60,000,000 of this gen- the Bible, that their souls may liveeration. provide these things and one woman missionary with two earnest teachers 3. The Church Universal, accord- could do it all with an initial outlay ingly, is responsible for that large of $4,000. number of the 60,000,000 that the Japanese Church cannot reach. 7. Mission work in Japan will be done when the Japanese Church has 4. By far the greater portion of fully evangelized the remotest mounthese 60,000,000 live in the rural tain hamlet and the loneliest fishing regions. village.

MEDITATION AT THE CLOSE OF DAY The sun sinks in the West. The fields are brilliant with the autumn colors and Mt. Higashi stands calmly enshrouded in the evening mist. Sparrows in the garden noisily raise their voices in praise and thankfulness to God for His goodness.

On this very peaceful evening I pause to reflect upon the blessings of the day-fine weather, a letter from a friend in a distant land, daily bread, and a life fuU of peace. For all these blessings I lift my heart in gratitude to our blessed Lord. This day upon my bed of sickness I count my many blessings.

But my joy is mixed with sorrow for I remember my sins, my estrangement from God, my weakness, and my deficient love towards my heavenly Father. We are always troubled by regret, sorrow and irritation; but our Lord shows us the Cross and gives us peace of mind and eternal life. Our Lord is always with us and He will give us peaceful rest and guide our steps into tomorrow.-Krwekichi Kato.

A translation of a Japanese poem written by a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Yamagata, who has been bedridden -for two years. -The Spirit of MiBsiOnB.

KINGDOM OF GOD CAMPAIGN

JAPAN BY THE REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D.D.

Honorary Secretary 01 the National Christian 001Jnoil of Japan T HE idea of a campaign with scope, push the number up to a a goal of a million souls was million. born in the brain and heart of Toyohiko Kagawa, eminent Undaunted, Mr. Kagawa went writer, social worker and Chris- forward with his plans. Unceastian mystic. Like Paul of old, the ingly he kept the idea before the Lord appeared to him in the night minds of his friends and followers. watches and gave him a vision of Increasingly he moved individuals a nation-moving evangelistic cru- al:d grOUPS to catch the vision and sade. With Kagawa a vision is a back it with creative faith and paschallenge; a dream is a call to ac- sionate prayer. tion. This idea thus flamed forth The Idea Gives Birth to a Movement into a passion, stirred his soul with Backed by Kagawa's passion a sense of mission, and moved him and personality and the work of to announce his intention of the Spirit of God, this idea has launching a movement which been gripping the hearts and firwould systematically work its way ing the imagination of an increas- into every section of the empire, ing number of people until it has reach out into every class and assumed the proportions of a movegroup, and carryon until the ment. Christian constituency in this land The two conferences which were shall number one million strong. held when Dr. John R. Mott visited To Mr. Kagawa the numeral one Japan, in May, 1929, faced the million in this connection is not a question of the next step to be flight of fancy or a campaign call. taken in the evangelization of the As the result of a careful study of empire. Without any exchange of the Huguenot movement, he views .or comparing of notes, these reached the conclusion that until conferences voted to ask the Na- Christianity in Japan has a million tiona! Christian Council to carry followers it cannot fashion the na- forward a nationwide evangelistic tion's moral, social, industrial and campaign "based on Mr. Kagawa's political ideals and life in the plan." One hundred representative Christian mould. Christian leaders attended these Like every great idea, this one conferences. This action· was, staggered men of lesser mould. therefore, a direct mandate from a Few had faith to believe that Jap- large section of the thoughtful, reanese Christianity, which after sponsible spokesmen of the Japa- seventy years of heroic endeavor nese churches.

only numbers some 300,000 folIow- At the May meeting of the Execers, including the Greek and Ro- utive Committee of the National man Catholic communions, could, Christian Council, this recommenthrough one campaign, no matter dation of the Kamakura and Nara how continuous or far-reaching its Conferences was considered, unani- 650 mously approved, and the Council's Christian Council. More than 150 Commission on Evangelism was delegates were in attendance, repasked to formulate poliCies and a resenting every part of the empire working program. The Council, at and every phase of Christian enits Annual Meeting in November, deavor. A spirit of unity and high voted to sponsor this campaign and determination and buoyant expecrender every possible help to make tancy characterized this gathering. it an All-Christian Movement. Here the plans for the campaign were matured and such matters as The Movement Takes Shape organization, strategy and objec- tives definitely determined. June 7, 1929, may in the coming years stand out as a milestone in Six months have thus been dethe history of the Christian con- voted to preparation. The camquest of Japan. On that day the paign began January 1, 1930, by members of the Commission on the holding of initial mass meet- Evangelism of the Christian Coun- ings in Japan's six largest cities, cil and representatives of the Ka- Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Yokogawa Co-Operators in Japan, met hama and Nagoya. in joint session, and after prayer and careful consideration voted to Mobilizing the Christian Forces set up a Central Committee for the purpose of taking over this "Mil- The idea has flowered into a lion Souls Movement" and aggres- movement, but the rank and file sively carrying it forward. both of the pastors and of the church members must still be mo- The personnel of this Central bilized. The prayer-power and Committee numbers thirty and is soul-power of the church must be representative of the whole Chris- so concentrated on this campaign tian Movement. Kagawa is still that the tides of the Spirit may be the throbbing heart of the move- released and God be given a chance ment, the spiritual genius and dy- to break out anew upon the life of namic personality around which this nation. The Central Committhe Campaign will be centered; tee has issued a manifesto chalbut it has expanded from a Kaga- lenging the Christians of the wa campaign to one embracing the nation in such words as these: organized Christian forces of the nation. Japan the land of the gods, God's country! This is our prayer, our Although the objective of ~ mil- slogan and our goal. Our Japan is in lion souls was retained, the name distress. Our Japan has lost her way. was changed to "The Kingdom of Man's distress, however, is God's op- God Campaign." This was done portunity. Man's perplexity is God's with Kagawa's complete approval challenge. in order to put the emphasis not on numbers but on the genuineness Distressed Japan is a humble Japan. of those who are won. It was felt Perplexed Japan is a changeable necessary not only to have a quan- Japan. Self-satisfaction and pride tative but a qualitative goal. are swiftly disappearing. The sound of the breaking away of the husks of In November a National Confer- the nation's thinking and of its life ence on Evangelism was held in echoes gloomily far and near. Tokyo in connection with the Annual Meeting of The National The birth-pangs of a new Japan! The violent birth-quickening of the Kingdom of -God is on. The time is

at hand. The Kingdom 'of God is Mr. Kagawa's Plan near. The time has come for repent- Mr. Kagawa is a modern mystic. ance and for consecration to the task He keeps his feet on the ground of spreading the Gospel. but his head and his heart lay hold on the unseen. He believes in The thought life, life as a whole, prayer. His plan calls for the orpolitics, education, industry, every- ganizationof a network of prayer thing in Japan must be brought und'er clear across the empire, with early God's direct control. Through Christ- morning prayer-meetings in every like Japanese a Christ-like Japan church, monthly union prayermust be brought to the birth. To meetings in every city and center, transform this vision into reality we must increase the present 300,000 Chri·stians to a round million. and an annual nation-wide confer- We believe that one million Chris- ence for prayer and for the train- tians will make possible the Christian- ing of lay workers in evangelism.

ization of Japan's public ,opinion and He stresses district evangelism, conscience and realize through the Church a really Christianized Japan. personal evangelism, evangelism Every Christian a soul-winner, win- through literature, lay evangelism ning one soul a year and thus in three and evangelism thr.ough service. years quadrupling the number of Christians – this is the program of He urges special "missions" to the Million Souls Campaign. the rural people, the fishing folk, the miners and laboring classes. We have a reason for thanksgiving and a source for courage in the fact He emphasizes the mass producthat there are workers with special tion of leaflets, pamphlets, cheap- priced good Christian books, and a gifts whom God has raised up among large utilization of the daily press.

the various denominations. Among He challenges every Christian to them are figures so outstanding that convert his home into a meeting when the people hear their names they place for a church. He appeals to are immediately reminded of Chris- every follower of Christ to become tianity.These stand as our repre- a teacher of children and the sentatives before the unsaved masses. young, and to organize a neighbor- They are the connecting links between hood Sunday-school in his or her us and the people. own home.

Mr. Toyohiko Kagawa has already He would have the churches in offered his full time and his utmost every city and town unite in holdefforts for this Movement. This has ing short term, three months, G,osbeen a tremendous encouragement to pel Schools for the intensive our Committee. We propose to en- list other outstanding workers and training of Christians and lay pitch a cooperative decisive evan- leaders. He wants the churches to gelistic battle which shall be nation- enlist, train and release, at once wide in its reach. 5,000 lay preachers for this nation- Nineteen hundred and thirty, the year in which it is proposed to begin wide evangelistic crusade. this campaign, commemorates the Evangelism through service twentieth century period since Christ began his public ministry. We believe calls for the revival of the broththat it is most fitting for us Chris- erhood movement within the tians to follow in the footsteps of our church, the organization of coop- Lord, and for three years give our- eratives, the founding of educaselves as He did for a similar period tional guilds and mutual aid societies and "missions" to every to aggressive evangelism. existing group and occupation.

MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 6 W HICH is the most difficult and the son of a mIssiOnary in mission field in the world? North Africa, said to me that he In almost every country we had almost lost hope of winning have visited some workers have Moslems to Christ, for the students confided to us that theirs is "the who had professed conversion had most difficult field" in which to sow proved weak and unsatisfactory.

with expectation of a fruitful har- The most he hoped for was a grad- vest. And in each case their con- ual breaking down of prejudice tention seemed to be true. and an acceptance of Christian All fields show, in spots or in gen- ideals through education. Was the eral, characteristics of the soil in faith of Raymond Lull, of Bishop the parable-hard and unreceptive, French and Keith Falconer mis- shallow and unproductive, preoc- placed?

cupied and stifling, or good and Anyone who has worked in or fruitful. In all fields, at home and even visited Moslem lands will abroad, we find the same obstacles readily acknowledge the almost im- to the Gospel-sin and selfishness, possible task they present. Egypt extreme poverty or wealth, great has many Protestant Christians ignorance and prejudice, false re- won from the Copts, but few from Iigion, irreligion and anti-religion. the Moslems. They are Sunnis, But each land we have visited has and therefore self satisfied and un- also its peculiar difficulties. receptive. Mesopotamia and Ara- Passing by Roman Catholic and bia are full of Shias and Wohobis Greek Catholic countries, like Italy who are fanatical and antagonistic.

and Greece, with their historic but The work at Baghdad would dis- often devitalized Christianity; and courage any but valiant soldiers of Jewish fields, like Palestine, with the cross. When Mr. and Mrs. AI- their historic opposition to Christ bert Edwards sought to establish a and His Gospel, look at some of the mission in Hillah, near ancient great non-Christian fields of Asia Babylon, fanatical Moslems re- as we have seen them. fused to rent a house, to deliver Take Moslem Lands. Where can water or milk, and even thought we find soil more hard and unre- it pollution to allow the Christian ceptive? The fields where Islam to drink from their cups in a cof- flourishes seem to present an al- fee shop.

most impossible task to the Chris- In India, Moslems are warlike tian missionary. The measure of and proud of their religion and truth in their own religion, the have become complacent in their fourteen hundred years of school- so called liberalism. The president ing in Moslem traditions and in of the All India Moslem League prejudiced views of Christianity, said to me, in answer to a question have made the followers of Mo- on the work of Christian missions: hammed almost stone deaf to the "Educational mIssIonaries have claims of Christ. A mISsiOnary, done much for India. If only they 653

would give up teaching that Christ schools with outcastes, and the is the Son of God, that Jesus dle,d proximity of a Christian from the for our sins on the cross, and that "sweepers" will defile food and He rose again from the dead, then make it unsalable. Even more dewe could accept their Christian- pressing is the fact that in South ity." If they would leave out the India caste Christians have re- Gospel, Moslems would accept the fused to worship with those won ethics! Yes, Islam seems to pre- from among the outcastes. In one sent the most difficult field in the case they even burned the homes of "sweeper" Christians because world. But what about the Hindus; are the mission had decided to allow both classes to use the same church they more approachable? Here building at different hours. Truly are a people whose religious teach- India of the Hindus seems the most ers are looked upon as among the difficult field in the world! world's greatest philosophers. Here a polygamous religious sys- But look at Buddhist lands. Tibtem is entrenched and holds two et is still entirely closed to the hundred and fifty million adher- Gospel. In Burma and Siam progents under its spell. India is a land ress is made among animists in of temples,' of pilgrimages, of re- proportion as they are weak in ligious festivals, of priests, fakirs Buddhist faith. The Buddhist temand gurus. One cannot visit a ples abound and many are crowded temple, like that at Madura, and with worshipers. Little progress is see the people bow down to hideous, made among Burmese or Ceylonese big-bellied idols, bathe in filthy wa- Buddhists. Mildness of disposition, ter, and worship fleshly priests, peaceableness and belief that an without a conviction that they are exhibition of temper is sinful, are joined with contentment with blind but devout. things as they are. Their philos- But an even greater obstacle ophy as to Nirvana and belief in transmigration of the soul have among the Hindus is the caste system-the antithesis of brotherhood cut the nerve of progress. Their and the deadly foe to progress. For religion is one of death, not life. over a thousand years this system Surely Buddhism offers a difficult has become more and more in- field with shallow, unproductive trenched and holds in its grip all soil for the good Seed. classes in India. Those from the high castes are not ready to accept B1tt what about China? There a Gospel that puts the "pariah dog" was a time when the Chinese on a level with the Brahmin; and seemed to present an almost unoutcastes who wish to accept the penetrable wall. After one hun- Gospel are suspected of seeking dred years of prevailing and sacrificial living on the part of mis- "the loaves and fishes" and are de- sionaries, the Boxer Uprising prived even of their scanty means sought to kill or to drive every of living if they incur the enmity Christian out of China. Then there of their "superiors." In India we seemed to come a period of hopeful sometimes hear that caste is break- receptivity and progress; but toing down, but even in some Chris- day China is torn by revolution. tian colleges students of different Bandits prevail in all parts of the castes refuse to eat together; caste country; the people are discourpupils often refuse to attend public

THE MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN ASIA

aged and desperate; the anti- lage life of India, making it almost Christian movement among stu- impossible for those who break its dents and some of the officials is rules and rise to higher things. seeking to drive out Christianity and all religion from the schools Buddhism presents the barrier and to put China in the class with of a philosophy that produces a Russia as irreligious and antic false sense of security and a false hope of peace in Nirvana. In Christian. China, on the other hand, the pres- All of the mission schools and ent great obstacle is political. With China at peace and in the hands colleges are facing a crisis. They of a sane government, we would do not know when they may be look for a great forward moveclosed or taken over by anti-Chris- ment in the Church. tian forces. In the Chantung Christian University (Cheloo Uni- This is a dark picture, but, thank versity) at Tsinan, the students of God, it is only one side of the the College of Arts and Sciences tapestry! On the other we see the recently went on strike to secure working out of the face of Jesus the resignation of the dean. They Christ and the program of the tore down faculty notices, put up Kingdom of God. Islam does not blasphemous, anti-Christian pos- present an unbroken front. In the ters saying that Jesus was an ille- Dutch East Indies, 45,000 former gitimate son and charging that Moslems have accepted Christ. In women students, who refused to Persia, hundreds of Moslems are join the strike, were "prostitutes welcoming the Gospel and at one of foreigners." They caused a communion seventy-seven were strike among the university em- baptized. Dr. Robert P. Wilder, ployees, and boasted that they in a recent visit to Persia, found could cause the resignation of any a wide-open door and wide-open undesired professor. Their strike hearts in spite of opposition and was instigated and promoted by persecution. In Hillah, that center the local Nationalist party. The of ignorant fanaticism, love is Commissioner of Education for the winning a hearing and inquirers Province was bitterly anti-Chris- now come asking for instruction tian. The College of Arts and Sci- in the Bible and the Christian Way ences has been closed since Janu- of Life. ary, and the local government threatens to preverit its opening in India is a hard field, but already September. China is indeed a most four million Indians have become difficult field today. But which is Christians. There are many signs the most discouraging? that caste is breaking down, espe- cially in cities. Manatma Gandhi, In Moslem lands the chief ob- Rabindrinath Tagore, and many stacle seems to be religious-the bitter antagonism to the claims other recognized Indian leaders are that Jesus is the Son of God, the bitterly opposed to it and declare Saviour of men, and that He and the Bible are superior in authority that caste must go. Hinduism, to Mohammed and the Koran. especially in its grosser forms, is also doomed. Already anti-priest Among Hindus the greatest of societies have been formed, and an many obstacles is social-the death "Indian Self-Respect Association" grip of the caste system in the vil- is battling against the dedication of girls to temple service and other

degrading features of Indian life It is less so than ever. We saw and worship. The students are many missionaries with almost no being educated out of ignorant equipment, like the Apostle Paul, prejudice and many would become who nevertheless could point to Christians except for family op- large spiritual harvests. On the position and the fear of social other hand, there are large mis- sionary institutions, with almost ostracism. perfect facilities for their work, In Buddhist lands, too, there are that can point to no souls led to Christ and few trained for Chrissigns of a developing pattern after tian ministry. the likeness of Christ. The witness to the Gospel in Ceylon, It is unnecessary to add that Burma and Siam is producing re- missionary fruitage is not dependsults, and the Koreans and the ent on money. Many missionaries Lao, who are receiving the Light, and many branches of the work are becoming effective witnesses to are suffering because of inadequate their fellow countrymen. support, but their hope is not in a larger financial income. In China, the darkest spots are the large cities near the fields of The only hope for missionary conflict. In, many country districts success today – as it has always and in western provinces, like been since Pentecost-is threefold. Szchuan and Shensi, the people are friendly and the Chinese Church is 1. In the power, the purpose carrying on with faithfulness and and the promises of God. He canpower. More copies of the Scrip- not fail. Christ will be victorious. tures were sold in China, India and in Siam last year than in any pre- 2. In the truth and vitality of vious year. The China for Christ the Word of God. In all these lands Movement is enlisting the churches those who are most successful toin a united evangelistic campaign. day in spiritual fruitage are those who believe and teach the Bible as A visit to the mission fields of the Word of God and with au- Asia creates a keener sympathy thority for faith and life. with the missionary in his difficult task, but it also stirs the heart with 3. In the Holy Spirit of God as higher hopes and greater con- the Witness that makes the mesfidence in the ultimate victory of sages take hold of men's hearts Christ and His Gospel. But our with power. Without this witness' hope is less than ever in the num- of the Paraclete, the witness of men is fruitless. "By my Spirit, ber of missionaries on the field. saith the Lord." Some might better return home, If these things are true, and for they show no evidence of en- their truth is being proved every thusiasm for the conversion of day in mission lands, then we at men to Christ. But the vast ma- home and our partners at the front jority of missionaries put us at must realize more completely our home to shame by their faith, their absolute dependence on God for courage and their sacrificial devo- our call, our equipment, our courtion. It is "not by (physical) age, our daily supply, our power, might" nor an army "that we will and for the results. We need to win the victory." study the Bible more that our mes- sage may be true and that our Neither is our confidence in large institutions and fine equipment.

SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD

methods may be Christlike. We spirit of sacrifice to do His bidneed to spend more time in prayer ding. When the Hebrew spies rein order to keep in tune with God turned to report on the Promised and to realize our partnership with Land and the outlook for its con- Him. quest, ten of them said: "There are giants i"n the land, and in their The missionary task is so great sight and in our own, we were as and the difficulties are so tremen- grasshoppers." Caleb and Joshua dous that they are insurmountable said: "There are giants in the through human wisdom and might. land, but God is with us, and in His But the difficulties – religious, so- sight they are as grasshoppers." cial, philosophical, political- are These two spies shared in the conas nothing in the sight of God-if quest of the land. His servants have faith and the SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD BY THE REV. A. P. HASSELL Missionary 0/ the Southern Presbyterian Ohurch:- Tokushima, Japan ONE of the most remarkable est village where we employed a things that come to one's no- boatman to take us across an inlet tice on the mission field is of the Pacific, about a mile wide. the fact that God is picking out in- This brought us to a farming setdividuals here and there and sav- tlement of only five houses. In ing them. And some of these in- one of these we found our man, dividuals are about the last ones Tomiji Tanabashi, twenty-three that you would ever expect to be years old. There were two single "picked out." beds in the room, one occupied by Tomiji San and the other by his In January I baptized a man younger brother, both men with who was thought to be on his death- the same illness. bed. He lived in one of the remote and inaccessible localities of this A few days prior to our visit a prefecture. A Japanese pastor and letter had come to me from the I drove for two hours, part of the Rev. Daniel Buchanan, of the way over a precipitous mountain Northern Presbyterian Mission, in road. When I asked for special a distant prefecture. He has a police permission to do so, .the lending library which he adverofficer dropped his head to one side tises in the big daily pap e r s. doubtfully. Then there was a Tomiji had read three of his books and had asked for baptism. He moment's conference with the was like the Ethiopian Eunuch, "chief." It had never been done who said: "How can I understand before, but if I wanted to try it except some man should guide and would be careful I might "go me?" There was a list of questo it." tions about things that he had run across in his reading and which We got along first-rate till we he didn't understand. "What is came to a large pine tree right in the meaning of 'baptism'; the 'resthe middle of the road. There we urrection'; 'Hallelujah'; 'Amen'? sidetracked the car, shouldered our baggage, and walked to the near- 2

What happens when we die"; and tian books had come from this disa lot more-most of them remark- tant friend, at a moment when ably thoughtful questions. Tomiji was in the depths of dark- ness and despondency, and he We instructed him in the essen- reckons his salvation back to that tials of salvation as long as we felt event. his strength would permit and then administered the Sacraments of We spent the night at Tomiji's Baptism and the Lord's Supper house, which shelters four generaafter which he lifted his feeble tions ranging in age from the onevoice and hands in a devout prayer year-old baby of Tomiji's older of thanksgiving to God for so brother to the eighty-two-year-old wondrously saving him. great-grandmother of the baby. We found the household most This young man had left his hospitable. They arranged a meet- ing for us at night at a neighbor's WHO WILL TELL, THESE BOYS OF house, where we preached the first JESUS? Christian sermon that the com- munity had ever listened to. When home some years ago for Tokyo, we arose the next morning, Towhere he had been engaged in the miji's little twelve-year-old niece liquor business. He had never was in the kitchen reading one of attended a church but once in his our tracts to her great-grandlife, and that occasion apparently mother who was cooking breakfast. left no permanent impression. Strangely enough a friend in the We went to school with our chilsame business at a distant place dren-friends of the previous night, was attacked at about the same and to our great surprise found time as he by the same disease, and that the principal was a former he also had been confined to his friend of mine. He suspended bed for months, during which the classes and in my honor conducted two had been corresponding. The the entire school to the famous suggestion about securing Chris- lighthouse near by. After return- ing to the school, i: spent a happy hour teaching and singing with the children, who were hearing the Gospel for the first time in their lives. Since then a score or more of them have written thanking me and asking for literature.

Children are being born and passing through the primary school -the most important period of their lives – faster than we mis- sionaries can possibly get around to them. The crying need is for more consecrated missionaries who are not afraid of work. I wonder if God is not calling to some of the boys and girls who read this letter to help us to get the Gospel to the boys and girls of Japan!

Alone

The religion of love as taught by Jesus has no philosophical theory of knowledge. It is love put into practice.

Christianity, however, has been weak in the practice of love; and the God of Christianity has, therefore, come to be thought of merely as a symbol-not imparted to man as the God of power and of love. In the society of today true philosophy, true religion, true science, do not yet exist. Men's consciences are benumbed. True religion, philosophy, and science will appear at the moment when love is put into practice. The religion, the science, and the philosophy of the past have been the creations of men of disunited selves,-men marred by defects and incapable of clearly visioning God.

If we would see God, we must first love. When we make a beginning in the life of conscience, we forthwith experience within us the revelation of God. Jesus it was who showed us the first step toward recognition through love. When with this resolve we go forward, we too are enabled to love offenders and folk who are in distress. This is the power which Jesus gives us.

The man who declares that he does not know God, has failed because he does not love. Divesting oneself of conscience and love, declaring that one does not know God, is like covering the eyes and saying that one cannot see.

True recognition of God, of God today, must begin within the conscience. Professor Nashida says, "True life must be discovered in Jesus who as a young man died on the cross." Jesus, too, taught that God forgives even criminals. Love alone recognizes. Just because Jesus lived the life of love, he reached this conclusion.

The reason why we do not as yet truly perceive the nature of God is, after all, simply the sluggishness of our life of concience. In order to know God we must rouse our life of conscience up to far greater activity. He alone who loves is able to see God. For God is Love.

"Love the Law of Life."-Toyohiko Kagawa.

659

CHANGES IN WESTERN

BY THE REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY Oha4.-man oj the French West A/rica Mis8ion of the OhM8Han ami Mi8B/onary Alliance M ARVELOUS changes are sway over a vast territory with taking place in hitherto his capital at Segou. Timbuctu neglected lands. Modern and the buckle of the Niger were commerce crosses mountains, held by the Tourag race. This wild, bridges rivers and opens up inac- ruthless, desert tribe ruled with an cessible wilderness. Great changes iron hand and were finally subdued have come over the lives of people by the French troops under Colonel that have been in seclusion for Bonnier Joffre at Timbuctu in the centuries. This is an age of rapid year 1894. Since that time the change in every sphere. country has been comparatively The Western Sudan is a land safe for commerce and also for mis- which, until recently, was very lit- sions. tle known,' a range of mountains In order to tap the Niger valley, separating the costal plain from the French opened two railways the upper Niger valley and plateau. to the river: one from Dakar to Mungo Park was the first white Bamako, which was completed in man to cross this great divide in 1923 or 1924; the other from the year 1795 and viewed the Niger Conakry to Kankan, completed in River. Others soon followed. 1914. Since then much labor has Major Laing lost his life on the been expended on roads to make outskirts of Timbuctu and Rene them suitable for motor transport. CaiIIe, the Frenchman, was the Bridges have been built and fer- first white man to enter Timbuctu ries, maintained by the governand live to tell the story. He ac- ment, have been placed on the complished his purpose by disguis- smaller rivers. Today one may ing himself as a Mohammedan and travel for thousands of miles and telling the people that he was an reach every place of importance by escaped slave returning to Egypt. motor car. Great cotton planta- He spent fourteen days in Tim- tions, requiring thousands of work- buctu and then crossed the desert men every year, have been opened to Morocco. along the Niger River and are ir- It was not until 1883 that the rigated by immense pumping French were able to occupy an out- plants. The good roads have made post on the Niger River at Bam- it possible for trading companies ako. Here they built a fort and to open up new sections. Twenty- were able to maintain communica- five companies entered one town tions with the coast. The upper in the Upper Volta last year, the Niger valley was overrun by Sam- heart of the native town being torn ory, the great Mohammedan Chief, down to make room for the com- who was overcome and captured mercial buildings. in the year 1898. A vast region The French school system is dohad been devastated by this ruth- ing much to change the life of the less conqueror. On the north an- country. Schools have been opened other Chief, Amadou Sekou, held in the large centers and enroll a 660 large number of pupils every year. of Africa is being molded. What Tribes that have been backward that future shall be depends upon are steadily being awakened by the the Church of Christ. If they recall for education. Vocational ceive the Word of Life and are led schools are training a large num- to depend upon the Lord and His ber every year for mechanics, ma- guidance and power, then the sons, etc. Clinics are maintained church in the Sudan will become a in nearly all the large towns, and vital force in the evangelization of free treatment is given to thou- the many tribes. The missionary sands of patients every year. seeks to uplift Christ and not to Maternity nurses are located in spread a certain creed. One of the some of the centers to give the finest native Christians in the Suneeded help in the homes. dan said, "As I toiled in a forced labor gang I could toil and suffer Unfortunately as the traditional for I had a hope within, but the life of the native is broken up others had nothing to lighten their many are drifting into atheism and hearts and give them hope." free-thinking. The access to French literature will sooner or A nucleus of Christians has been later turn the Mohammedan away won from a number of tribes in from his religion. The pagan from these centers. Coming from the the bush is ashamed of the religion forest country, dressed in rags or of his fathers and is looking for with scarcely any clothing, they besomething to take its place. Now gin at once to take on the ways of is the hour for the evangelization civilization, and soon appear atof these tribes. They are ready tired in full dress and walk up and for the message of hope that will down the streets with a cane. But, give them the larger life. The new roads are, in the providence of God, alas, their hearts are not satisfied. the prepared highway for the Many come to the Christian Gospel messenger to prepare the chapels, hear the message of salvaway for Christ. tion and yield to Christ. At one station men from the Gberesi, the During the last five years pioneer Kissi, the Fula, the Soussou, the mission work has been opened in Senefou, the Bambara and the many great centers of the Western Tomi tribes have accepted Christ. Sudan to give the Gospel to the dif- This is true of the other centers as ferent tribes. The French govern- well. The Lord is calling out from ment does not favor school work all the tongues and languages of by individuals or missions since earth a people for His Name. they have established excellent schools. Mohammedanism has ut- A blind Bobo from the East terly failed to meet the people's walked all the way to Bamako, a need or to lift them from the depths distance of 330 miles, to seek work of sin. The tribes that embrace in that city. Something seemed to Mohammedism often live in as low tell him that he should wait, that a state as when in paganism. Civi- the message would come which lization apart from Christianity would satisfy his heart. One day, also fails to elevate them morally. passing the market place, he heard What they need is Christ's message a strange message proclaimed. It was the message of the Saviour of of redemption. men and told of His return to In these great centers the future earth. This was the message for

which the blind man had waited word to send 400 boys to the school so long. He decided to go home at that was opened at this post. The once so that he would be there wily chief sent back word that he when the Lord came. At last he was willing to send the children arrived home and four days later but that they would not obey him.

a messenger of Christ arrived and If the white man wanted them, proclaimed the message which the they should come and get the chil- blind man recognized at once as dren. While outwardly sUbmitting the same he had heard in Bamako. to the government, in their hearts He became the first Bobo convert they are as untamed as ever. Win and began to help the missionaries these men's friendship and they in the study of the difficult Bobo will hear the Message.

language. At first the people were In Timbuctu a good grammar not friendly but were supicious of and dictionary of the Songhoi lan- their motives in studying the lan- guage, were found. This tribe of guage. The blind man took up the about 400,000 people is located study of the Braille system and, on the Niger. They are a fine after long and patient effort, to his people and very friendly. Two great joy was able to read the points have been opened among Gospel. them, Timbuctu and Gao, and al- Many tribes still wait the mes- ready the first converts have been senger of Light. The great Tourag won for Christ.

tribe on the border of the desert, Timbuctu is not as important as living in tents, moving from place it used to be. The building of a to place to watch their herds of railroad connecting the Niger cattle, have not yet been cared for. River with the coast has taken This will require men who will en- away its importance as a caravan dure hardship, who will be willing terminal and already a good part to suffer privation, to follow His of the town looks like a ruin. The sheep in the desert or wherever rains are rapidly breaking down they may wander. They are fierce, the houses and many of them are untamed warriors, who would not being repaired. Buildings rather kill a man than kill one of have been rented for mission pur- their cattle. Last year the govern- poses that will serve for the work ment was preparing to open a new there indefinitely. The present post between Timbuctu and Gao population numbers only about 8,- on the Niger River when they were 000, though at one time it was as told by the Tourag Chief that he high as 85,000. It was the center would not allow it. The resident of learning two or three hundred was called from Timbuctu to talk years ago, and from this point the the matter over with the chief. Mohammedan faith spread over They were told that the white men the greater part of the upper Niger were like the sand of the desert and basin.

that for every white man they Timbuctu is accessible to the killed it would cost them a thou- traveler from August until Janu- sand Tourags. Furthermore, the ary and the government has a government had so many airplanes weekly passenger service from that they would darken the sun. Koulikoro to the port, Kabara, nine The post was built. The French miles from the capital. Koulikoro government then sent the Chief is connected with the coast by train

GREAT CHANGES IN WESTERN SUDAN

or motor road and efforts are being is their textbook. There is not a made to open another road through man in Bamako that can stand to Timbuctu. against this young evangelist. These young men act on their be- Bamako is the greatest com- lief that the Lord can supply funds mercial center of the Sudan and through His own people to carry probably of all French West Africa, on His work, and they will not with the possible exception of accept money from non-Christians. Dakar. Missionary work was be- Strong, virile, native churches gun there about eight years ago by firmly established in the Word of the Gospel Missionary Union. To- God, with a holy zeal to make day Bamako has a fine independent Christ known, are the hope of the church, the leader of which is a Sudan. Fula, named Demba Daw. A group of young men has been gathered The forces of evil are strongly together and are becoming a real intrenched in these lands of darkforce in the Sudan, not only in ness and only stronghearted men Bamako but in the region round who know the Lord can hope for about. The real strength' of this success there. The divine spark work lies in the fact that they are in man, or hazy, vague ideas of the demonstrating to the people, and atonement will dash in vain to the officials, that they are Chris- against these walls of darkness. tians, not because of white influ- The need of Africa today is for ence, but because they have the men and women who know how to living Word of God. Already prevail with God in prayer. We many of the officials recognize that have an all-powerful Christ, and there is something real in the if we are yielded, joyful agents of movement and are seeking Bibles His grace, we will see light break to study the truth for themselves. forth in the dark places. No man, High officials ask this young Fula or group of men, or force of evil, evangelist for Bibles. An atheist can prevent this great work so has been won to allegiance to the long as Christ lives and sits on the Word through this young man's throne. The Lord Jesus will labors. The man next to the gov- triumph over the powers that hold ernor has received a Bible and is the Sudan in bondage and we must studying the truth, challenge the forces of evil that hold the Mohammedans and the The Bamako church is founded on the Word of God and the Bible pagans in slavery.

I do not believe that the love of God in Christ is a spent force. It is still a mighty power and will be increasingly so if we will only trust and obey our Lord. When the full meaning of His Gospel is made known to the world and men lay hold upon the moral power that is theirs for the asking, then the love of Christ will hecome a power which will challenge the attention and the admiration of men. They will see that the gates of hell cannot prevail against it for it has enabled men to climb out of the degradation of selfishness up to the clear atmosphere and the sunlit hills of unselfishness and helpful service. That moral power is an undiscovered resource in the lives of many men, in the history of many institutions, in the relationships of many peoples and many nations. When that moral power is discovered and used, we will see those who have discovered it plowing deep furrows in the fields of life.-Benjamin F. Farber.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ON THE ANTI-

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT* T HE preacher at the Chinese form the world by revolution started service was Mr. Chen, a grad- with China as a favorable place. It uate of the Shantung Chris- began by teaching youth Soviet printian University and Secretary of ciples and a favorite place to do this the Y. M. C. A. at Tsinan. His was in the schools. Among these prinsubject was "What can the Chris- ciples was opposition to Christianity. tian learn from the present Anti- 2. There were local Chinese in- fluences affecting the situation. There Christian Movement in China?" was the claim that the Church was in As a missionary sat beside me China on the basis of unequal treaty and translated the gist of the re- rights and of extra-territoriality. In marks, I include them here from the days of Robert Morrison (1807) my notes, as I think you will be in- it took seven years to secure the first terested to know what a Chinese convert and thirty-five years to win leader has to say on this vital topic. seven. As a result of persecution of Christianity in the early days, foreign At Boxer time Christianity was at- nations forced extra-territoriality on tacked, but since then and until re- China. The Chinese Christians have cently there has been a time of been included, in the eyes of their quietude. In 1922, there was organ- fellow Chinese, as benefiting by extraized in Peking among students an territoriality. So the Church was reattempt to oppose, then to attack garded as a foreign institution. This Christianity. It is an attack by edu- put the Church in a false position. So cated people. They began to have extra-territoriality was attacked. Chicertain slogans to destroy Christian- nese in the United States or in Japan ity. Christmas was a time of especial have to be subject to the laws of these opposition. What is the reason for nations, whereas foreigners in China this? have extra-territoriality rights which 1. From an educational point of China regards as an insult. The Chiview they want to take back the power nese have no control over the action in educational matters which they of foreigners in China. Local officials, claim the Christian Church had as- through fear of foreigners, protected sumed. In 1924, the Nationalist them. Pressure was brought to bear Movement began and brought atten- from Peking to make local and county tion to national problems. They op- officials protect foreigners and Chiposed anything that affected Chinese nese Christians. This was especially independence. China for the Chinese true of Roman Catholics. This power was their slogan. They felt that for- was abused, so that the Catholic eigners were running schools where priests often became as powerful as pupils were being trained in the for- county officials. The priests were apeign point of view. Then there was pealed to by the Roman Catholic the effect of Soviet Russia's attitude Christians in their lawsuits, often retoward religion. The Greek Catholic sulting in a miscarriage of justice. Church was not in sympathy with the This was a serious evil needing cor- Soviet, therefore they opposed Chris- rection and aroused resentment. tianity. This teaching has reached What should be the attitude of China. The Soviet attempt to trans- Christians now toward the opposition • Extract from a letter from the Rev. George directed against them? They should H. Trull. of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign accept the criticism, if it is just, and Missions. New York, written during his visit profit by it. If it Is unjust, they do In Tslnan. ChIna.

664 n'Ot need t'O be c'Oncerned ab'Out it. China, hence the QPp'Onents here say Opp'Onents will pr'Obably c'Ome t'O see that individual Christians alsQ dQ nQt the faults in their criticisms them- have the right attitude. The Church selves, in due time. In the 1925 Anti- must adapt its meth'Ods SQ as to shQW Christian Campaign in Tsinan, the the spirit ()f sacrifice in this day and Christians used the SalvatiQn Army generati'On. The f'Ormer methQd 'Of meth'Od 'Of street preaching and by preaching was Qther-w'Orldliness. N'Ow drums and trumpets tried tQ dr'Own we must preach alsQ abQut impr'Oving the vQices 'Of the 'Opp'OsitiQn. But this the c'OnditiQn 'Of this WQrld. There stirred up bad feeling. are lQts .of unrighteQus conditions in s'Ociety now that need rectifying. This China is nQW in a state 'Of flux and is the Church's Qbligati'On. change in everything. It is in the air. The peQple are hunting the true The Church in China sh'Ould be a road, but part 'Of the time they are 'Off natural cQl'Ored Church, i. e., it sh'Ould the track. Christians sh'Ould be pa- nQt be cQl'Ored white but be indigenous. tient in such a time as this. There The 'West had a fine tree with beauare hQt heads and h'Ot hearts at pres- tiful fl'Owers and good fruit upon it. ent. But a change 'Of attitude 'Of the It is transplanted tQ China, but it is 'Opp'Ositi'On is appearing, as s'Ome heads n'Ot indigen'Ous. The West has atare c'O'Oling 'Off while their hearts are tempted t'O give us f'Oreign fQ'Od with still hQt. A lQt 'Of students have their a dash 'Of Chinese flav'Oring. It shQuld stQmachs full, but the fQ'Od is undi- be primarily Chinese f'OQd with Chigested (a Chinese way 'Of saying that nese flav'Oring. This explains why the students' ideas are immature and there is 'Opp'Ositi'On and what we need ill-digested) . tQ CQunteract it.

The QPPQsitiQn nQW is n'Ot SQ much It is difficult t'O present adequateagainst Christians as against the ly sec'Ond hand thr'Ough an inter- Church. Acc'Ording t'O Christian d'Octrine, self-determinati'On as enunciated preter the exact P'Oint 'Of view 'Of a by the late President WilsQn in his foreign speaker, and I trust I have Fourteen PQints, is recQgnized as just, but n'O nation is putting this intQ prac- n'Ot misrepresented him. We may tice. The spirit 'Of self-sacrifice in the n'Ot all agree with everything in Church is nQt always recQgnized by QPp'Onents. G'Overnments have n'Ot the statement, but it is f'O'Od for used a Christian attitude tQward th'Ought, and he held well the at- tenti'On 'Of his audience.

"I have I'Ooked the wh'Ole planet 'Over, and I see n'O man but Jesus 'Only wh'O is able t'O take away the sin 'Of the W'Orld. I have sat at the feet 'Of the world's crowned religi'Ous leaders, and I have seen all the great religi'Ons in their h'Omes, and I n'Ow kn'Ow that it is Christ or n'Obody. He has n'O competitor in the field. N'O one else has the slightest chance of winning the homage 'Of the entire human race. M'Ore and more He is to me what He was to Saul of Tarsus-'the image 'Of the invisible G'Od.' More and more He is t'O me what He was t'O John the Beloved-'G'Od made manifest in the flesh.' M'Ore and more He is t'O me what He Himself claimed t'O be, the eternal Son 'Of the I'Oving G'Od. To kn'OW Him is indeed life eternal. T'O w'Ork with Him in estabHshing on this earth the kingdom 'Of righte'Ousness and peace and j'Oy, this is what makes my life more and more w'Orth living."-The Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, D.D.

OF MRS. JOHN S

T HE death of Mrs. John S. a far more lavish scale. They made Kennedy, of New York, July princely benefactions to a wide 23, has brought widespread variety of good causes. They sorrow. She was a great Chris- deemed their money a sacred trust tian philanthropist. Many schools, to be used for the benefit of their colleges, hospitals, charitable agen- fellowmen and the advancement of the cause of Christ and they found their greatest joy in doing good with it.

Their wedded life was ideally happy and when their fiftieth wed- ding anniversary was celebrated in 1908 she was delighted when he signalized the day by a gift of a million dollars to the Presbyterian Hospital in New York. When he died in 1909, his will bequeathed many millions of dollars to good causes, six millions being divided between the Presbyterian Boards of Home and Foreign Missions, New York.

After her husband's death, Mrs.

Kennedy continued to give liberally to the causes in which she had long lIRS. JOHN S. KENNEDY been interested. Her mail was at the age of 95, in the academic cap and heavy with appeals, but she read ~own In wblch she received the del;l°ee of everyone and personally answered lfaster of Humane Letters from New York all that were worthy. Her checks University in recognition of her numerous went out in a daily stream, and philanthropies.

cies, missionary boards and Iit- with no publicity so that only a erally thousands of Christian few of her intimate friends knew workers at home and abroad have how much she was doing. When reason to remember her with her eyesight became so impaired gratitude. that she was no longer able to read She was born August 18, 1833, books, she said, "I am so glad I in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the can still sign checks."

daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Mrs. Kennedy was a noble wom- Baker. October 14, 1858, she mar- an in every way, distinguished in ried Mr. John Stewart Kennedy, appearance, charming in person- then a rising young banker in New ality, warm in sympathy, widely York. Wealth soon came, and in read in general and particularly time reached large proportions. in religious and missionary litera- But the husband and wife had no ture, and clear and unwavering in thought of spending it upon them- her Christian faith. She was a de- selves. Families whose income voted member of the Fifth Avenue was much less than theirs lived on Presbyterian C h u r c h of New 666 York. While her philanthropies did almost as much more. It may be were widely varied and included said that the sun never sets on the many charitable and missionary territory of her beneficent interest. objects in America, her special in- She knew hundreds of missionaries by terest was in Foreign Missions. name, and kept up her communication She regularly attended the meet- with them and their families to the ings of the Women's Missionary very last days of her remarkable life. Society, and made many gifts to She combined democratic simplicity the Board and to its missionaries. with queenly dignity.

This community has reason to re- She was a generous friend of THE member the great civic contributions MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in money and public service of her and the largest regular donor to its husband when he sat "among the Maintenance Fund. elders of the land"; but of her also it may be said that "her own works A remarkable editorial in the praise her in the gates." New Yark Times of July 28 in- cluded the following: She enjoyed remarkable health The benefactions of the American and vigor until a short time before banker and philanthropist, John S. her death. The end of her earthly Kennedy, born in Scotland just a hun- life came painlessly and peacefully dred years ago, did not cease with his at her summer home in Bar Har- death. Mrs. Kennedy had with re- bor, Maine, within less than a markable sagacity and public spirit month of her ninety-seventh birthadministered what was left in her day. While we sorrow that such a hands. It is said that she made use beautiful and wonderful earthly of no secondary agencies of distribu- life has ended, we rejoice in all that tion, but gave personal attention to all she was and all that she did for her varied interests, writing her own God and humanity. Her long life letters, even learning to use a type- was extraordinary not only in writer after she was 90 years of age that she might do so. length but in richness of fruitage.

She did not merely "reach forth her There is scarcely a country in the hands to the needy," generous though world to which the news of her she was in relief. She gave, for the death has not brought sorrow. greater part, in support of institu- Many home missionaries and other Christian workers in America, and tions and causes devoted to the im- many lonely foreign missionaries provement and strengthening of the in far-distant lands, cherish letters spiritual life of the world. And she from her with sympathetic, engave herself with her gifts, going in couraging words and checks which helped them over some emergency some instances to remote places in order to see for herself the needs and the manner in which the work was being conducted. And wherever she in their work or some personal ill- went schools and missions flourished, ness or bereavement in their famfor her interest was as the dew of ilies. Hundreds of young people Hermon. could speak of the aid that she gave them in getting an education To Foreign Missions she and her which otherwise might have been husband gave upward of ten million beyond their reach. God gave her dollars. They together, it was found much, and she used it as a trust some years ago, had built fifty resi- for Him. When left the earth, dences, ten boys' schools, twelve girls' surely "all the trumpets sounded schools, six hospitals, ten churches, for 'her' on the other side." A. J. B.

besides houses, presses and scores of mission compounds. But she alone

WORK IN MISSIONS

INTERRACIAL RELATIONS BY THE REV. J. J. CLOPTON, Lexington, Kentucky T HERE are t h r e e notable ordained a deacon and sent by pieces of constructive work Bishop Whittle of the Diocese of for the Negro in the South. Virginia, as a missionary to the One is the Armstrong School for Negroes in Brunswick and Meck- Negroes, at Hampton, Virginia. lenburg Counties in the "Black The second is the work of Booker Belt" of that State. He had no as- T. Washington at Tuskegee, Ala- sets, and his first work was to barna. And the last is St. Paul's build a chapel, which he accom- Normal and Industrial School at plished by the aid of white friends. Lawrenceville, Virginia, founded He opened a school January 1, and nurtured to stalwart manhood 1883, in part of the church buildby the Rev. James Solomon Russell. ing and taught himself with his Both Washington and Russell were devoted and capable wife and one slaves, and were educated at assistant. The work grew, and a Hampton. Both have done endur- new building became necessary.

ing and splendid work for their Through the generosity of the Rev. race. One had the backing of the James Saul, a three-room building whole country; the other largely was erected known as the "Saul of his Church. Russell's work de- Building," and this was the first serves to be more widely known of the buildings of the school.

for he has made it a great moral The vision of Russell was a force with religion an integral school that would train the heart part of it. by religion, the mind by Qooks, and When the Civil War closed, Rus- the hand by trade. An opportunity sell was an ignorant little slave occurred to carry out his vision, boy. He had a great desire to matured by prayer and practical learn. He lived in what is known needs. He did not have a penny as the Black Belt of Virginia, to buy what he saw was a great Mecklenburg County. Encouraged opportunity, a plot of land of over by his mother, he worked diIi- three acres. He went to the owner gently, and mastered all available and offered to buy the land and knowledge in the rude country give his notes. The offer was acschool. He entered Hampton In- cepted. With equal faith, he con- stitute, and after a time left it to tracted for buildings and material teach. He then returned to Hamp- with not a dollar in hand or ton and graduated. His eyes pledged. The purchase was made turned to the ministry. A copy in July, 1888, and work on the of the Prayer Book of the Prot- buildings started the same month. estant Episcopal Church fell into September 24, 1888, the Normal his hands, and after diligent study School was opened with three of it he decided to enter that teachers and less than a dozen Church as a minister. He entered scholars. the Theological School in Peters- Year by year, under the able burg, Virginia, and in 1882 was and consecrated efforts of Mr. Rus- 668 sell, the work has grown. The and paid taxes on property as- school at this time embraces a sessed at $750,000.

farm of 1,600 acres, 36 buildings, A law-aQiding colored popula- a faculty of 50 members, and a tion has been built up, unsur- student body of 800. All of the passed in any part of the country, buildings have been erected by the and an inter-racial feeling, like- students, with the exception of the wise unsurpassed. No graduate of steel work in one of the buildings. St. Paul's has ever been cited be- Many of the buildings are memori- fore a court, and many of the als given by both northern and homes and barns of the white com- southern friends. The graduates munity have been built by pupils number 1,000 and 10,000 have been of St. Paul's.

undergraduates-. The value of the An editorial in the Richmond property is $400,000. News-Leader, included the follow- The school now embraces a fully ing remarkable tribute: accredited high school, a funy ac- When the pessimist becomes intolercredited State Normal for training able in his talk about the race probteachers, a School of Agriculture, lem, buy him a ticket to Lawrenceand a Trade School that offers four ville, Virginia, and tell him to inspect trades for girls and a choice of St. Paul's Normal and Industrial sixteen for boys. Its graduates School. Because they will work at come from half the states of the any honest job, the students of St.

Union. With all its growth it has Paul's have the goodwill of the whole kept its essential character as a community. Perhaps there is a religious or parish school, so much stronger reason for this than the atso that it is referred to as the mosphere of hard work and goodwill. greatest parish school in the coun- The spirit has its origin in the head try. A great company has gone of the School, that very remarkable forth as teachers, ministers, physicians and skilled mechanics, a con- man – Archdeacon James S. Russell. He brings Christianity, common sense, and racial understanding with labor structive force whose power is felt in equal components. He is accom- over the whole of the United plishing a notable service for the States. Negro in the South, and he and his A part of Mr. Russell's work for School deserve the support that will enable them to meet the opportunity a number of years has been a that opens more widely to St. Paul's "Farmers' Conference" for the col- the longer its gates are open. ored farmers of the community.

Its beneficent influence outside of After forty-eight years of inde- the schoolroom has been evidenced fatigable labor, Archdeacon Rus- by the disappearance of one room sell recently resigned the principal- cabins, the development of neat ship and became Principal Emeri- homes, and the acquisition by Ne- tus with salary continued. His groes of thousands of acres of son, the Rev. James Alvin Russell, farm land. A recent report showed succeeds his venerable father and that Negroes in that community is qualified in every way to carry owned over 54,000 acres of land, the school to greater success.

SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS OF WORLD

BY ESTHER BOWMAN, Elmira College T HE mission field has always Dr. Scudder, the first of the three attracted many graduates of generations of Scudders who en- Elmira, the first college for riched India by their lives, whose women, founded in 1855, at EI- setting forth of its needs so mira, New York. Nearly every gripped me then as a young Chris- class since its opening has sent at tian, and whose unique way of least one missionary to the home clinching his appeals by having us or foreign field. Most of the in- sign a pledge either to go or to formation concerning the earliest give for India so moved me that I missionaries is the result of the never got away from it.

efforts of Mrs. Louise Parsons Ab- However, an old suitor felt sure bey, '72, a missionary herself for that he could not get along with- many years in China and Turkey. out me; so until his death I helped Recently, Miss Ernestine French, him, and then, on his deathbed, he Alumnae Secretary at Elmira, re- renewed the call, knowing my ceived from Mrs. Abbey a letter in heart had been in India. I said, which were enclosed excerpts from 'What! at my age?' 'Yes, you've a messages received by her during long life before you.' Hence, at the past five years from Elmira's sixty-four, finding that my services missionaries. About six years ago, would be acceptable at Pandita Mrs. Abbey wrote, she began send- Ramabai's mission, a missionary ing letters to all the missionaries whom I had met twenty-five years she knew or had heard of, asking before in Syracuse, N. Y., I went them for information concerning out at her invitation, bearing my their own work and that of other own expenses. I was with her five Elmira graduates in the mission months, helped her translate the field. four Gospels from the Latin for In the seventy-five years of its her Marathi New Testament. I history, 47 girls have gone out to also had charge of the training de- represent Elmira in nearly every partment of Bethel Evangelists.

part of the world. Forty have been Then duty called me to a near-by sent to the foreign fields-China small city in much need of a teach- and Turkey especially, but Elmira er, and for nine months I carried missionaries have worked in Ha- on a select school with 34 interest- waii, Japan, Africa, India, Persia, ing native and English pupils. The Syria, Korea, Egypt, South and requirements were also to superin- Central America. Seven have been tend Sunday-school, which I did engaged in home missionary work gladly. Finally, securing a govern- in the United States. ment grant which would reduce The earliest graduate to become rates for them, I closed after four a missionary was Mrs. Margaret months' evangelistic work, mainly Dobbin Church, '67, who was sent among soldiers, helping 45 prepare to India. In her reply to Mrs. Ab- for death, in cooperation with a bey, she said, "My call to India missionary and his wife, when they came when I was fifteen, through were called to the front. But I 670 was held in Jansi for general evan- she stretched out a hand of love gelistic work. As the World War and opened the Ming Sam School.

began, however, advices general Now more than 300 have been res- called me home in 1914. I was cued, and SO have been graduated.

sorry to leave under such sad cir- Her love is like the love of a par- cumstances, but I am glad I went, ent, a teacher, and a friend. We and hope to be counted a link in could not accomplish in ninety the world round chain of volun- years what she has done in forty- teers." five."

Three more Elmira girls went The second graduate to work in to India. Joan B. Van der Spek, China was Mrs. Abbey, '72, who ex. '27, now living in Oxford, Eng- has compiled much of the informa- land, was sent by the American tion about the missionaries. She Congregational Board of Missions, did her work in Soochow and Nan- and Ethel Nichols, '18, went to king, but has not mentioned just Guahati, Assam. Mrs. Ida Walker what her work was.

Merrill, '22, is another representa- Of the six other "Elmirans" in tive, who went first for three years, China, messages were received and now has just returned to India from four. Two were from the with her husband after a furlough. graduates of '07. The first is from The classt)s from '70 to '80 gave Mrs. He1en Harshaw Gold, who seven more missionaries. Turkey says: "I did not realize that there and China each received two, Per- were so many Elmira girls on the sia, Syria, and the United States mission field. Elmira College was each one. Of those in China, Dr. the source of my first inclination Mary Niles, '75 has served the toward the work of the Y. W. C.

longest. She has been for forty- A. as a career, and my first intro- six years, in Canton. Her work in duction into that organization was the School for the Blind was very when I helped paper the room practical. She translated a text- which was then used for the Asso- book on obstetrics into Chinese, re- ciation. Well do I remember the vised and enlarged Dr. John G. stiffness of my neck following the Kerr's textbook in Chinese, pre- putting of paper on the ceiling. I pared a primer in Cantonese pho- had always had a desire to do mis- netics, established the first school sionary work, and when I found a for the blind, and later founded niche where I thought I might fit three other similar schools. In Oc- in, I embarked for Foochow, tober, the School for the Blind cele- China, in 1915, under the Foreign brated the forty-fifth anniversary Department of the Y. W. C. A.

of her arrival in China. The fol- Foochow had been waiting some lowing tribute was paid her by the time for the organization of the principal, Miss Chan: "Dr. Niles's Association. After spending two first purpose in coming to China years in the pursuit of the Chinese was to seek the salvation of souls. language, I was partially ready to She healed many sick and always begin active service, and we or- told them of the Saviour who came ganized the Association in 1918.

to die for them. When she saw the People are the same the world blind who could not be cured and over, and it is astonishing how like those for whom there seemed no American ones are the problems in salvation for either body or soul, China. Yet there are some that

are peculiar, one of them being Rose Hiller Talman, whom Helen that of trying to get your ideas Harshaw Gold met at the picnic described above. She is now at across by means of a vehicle of home on account of the health of expression in which you are not her children. She writes, "I had very expert. The joy of beginning the pleasure of going back on the a new work like that of the Asso- same steamer with Dr. Niles when ciation is the very close and inti- we returned five years ago. We mate contact with the finest of belong to the Amoy Dutch Re- Chinese womanhood, and the formed Mission here." friendships that result therefrom. In 1919, I was married to Mr. Gold, The latest representative from a Y. M. C. A. secretary. After this, my work became volunteer. Be- Elmira in China is Clara Tingley, cause of the interdenominational '29, from whom Mrs. Abbey also character of the "Y," I had the joy heard. It is interesting to note of working, not only in the "Y. W.," but also in the different mis- that she has gone to the very work sions in Foochow. At one time I which Dr. Niles has just laid down was helping in the English Episcopal Girls' School, the Methodist in the Ming Sam School for the Institutional Church, and the Blind. Miss Tingley says, "I often American Board School for Girls. Contacts were increased, and think of Elmira and the dear friendships formed in that way. friends and the good times. I wish I might bring every Elmira girl "My contacts with Elmira folks in China were limited. Rachel out here and show her the need. Brooks of my own class, I saw It is almost staggering. The only once. She was with the Associa- schools which amount to anything tion in the National Office in are the mission schools; but they Shanghai. One night in Kuliang, need so many more of them. The our summer resort, we were" hav- masses of the people have not even ing a picnic and someone suggested been touched by educatiOlJ1. At that we go around the circle and present I am studying the langive the name of our Alma Mater. guage two hours a day, and spend Much to my surprise, someone the rest of the day doing secretarisaid, "Elmira College." I was so al work. The language is very inastonished that I said, "So am 1." teresting but quite difficult. One That one was Mrs. Rose Hiller almost has to be a good singer to Talman, '13." learn it, and I am not that. How- ever I struggle along with my Of her work in China, Rachel tones and hope to get the right one Brooks, '07, says practically noth- some day." ing. She went out in 1920 to Shanghai, where she did Y. W. C. Next to China in number of mis- A. work. For a few months she sionaries comes Turkey. Elmira was at Ginling College, Nanking, has given eight to this country. where she met Ruth Chester, who The earliest was Mrs. Emma Spenhad been a professor at Elmira in cer Hubbard, ex. '75, who worked 1916-17. at Sivas, Asia Minor. The classes of '90, '91, and '97, and '22, each The third "Elmiran" from furnished one; of '19, two. It was whom Mrs. Abbey heard was Mrs. in memory of Mrs. Caroline San- borne Adkins, '19, that new hym- nals were presented to the College,

THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

each one of which has a bookplate Pennsylvania, New York and Okwith Mrs. Adkins' picture. lahoma. All have been graduated since the opening of the twentieth Of the missionaries in Persia, Century. the best known to present Elmira students is Lois Elder, supported From Elizabeth Bodle, '04, in by the College. Sent in 1927 for Guatemala, comes a plea for Spanthree years, she returned home on ish students trained in Gospel furlough this June, an event for work. "The Central American which the College eagerly waited. Mission is evangelistic in its ef- forts, simple in its management Another missionary with whom and aggressive in its spirit. I have the College is well acquainted is been teaching Spanish at Kings- Dr. Caroline Lawrence, '91, physi- wood and Frankfort Colleges. I cian of the College but at present do hope that Elmira's Spanish deon leave of absence. Dr. Lawrence partment is training for Gospel was for twelve years a missionary work in our Southwest. We must in Egypt, where she built up a give them the Word!" clinic, outpractice, and a hospital for women and children at Tata. Every message sent to Mrs. Ab- bey expressed an earnest desire to Little is known of the workers be present at the seventy-fifth anin other countries. Nearly all in niversary of the founding of El- South or North America are in Y. mira College, and, as many have W. C. A. work or are sent out by arranged to have their furloughs some mission board. There are this year, there should be a gather- Elmira graduates in Guatemala, ing of many of Elmira's 47 mis- Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Labra- sionaries. dor, North Carolina, Virginia, THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BY GEORGE IWASHITA President Of the Association I N SUCH a world of hetero- tivation of better understanding geneous cultural and econom- between America and Japan. The ical mixture every effort to Japanese Students' Christian Asstrengthen the ties of international sociation in North America was friendship is worthy of notice and organized in 1924, among other encouragement. The J. S. C. A. things, to utilize this opportunity plays a good part in this universal of exchanging the best of America program as an organ of such pro- and the best of Japan, especially motion. through Christian fellowship and cooperation. Today there are over There are 1,500 Japanese stu- twenty-five chapters all over the dents now studying in American country. colleges and universities. These potential "ambassadors of friend- The Association is the only ship" and future leaders of Japan Christian Japanese organization of occupy strategic positions of im- its kind which is national in scope. measurable importance in the cul- It has passed its incipient stages 3

and is now in its formative period, and study tours, mail service, in- requiring administrative skill and troducing students to American sound judgment. Ever since its homes, finding rooms, employment, organization, it has maintained the purchasing, counsel in personal highest spirit of service for the and religious problems, etc.; con- welfare of Japanese students in ferences and conventions, cooper- America, and it has done much to ating with 25 local chapters in convenience the life of Japanese large student centers; a central Christian leaders-to-be. office to carryon the above and Six years ago, when our prede- other miscellaneous activities of cessors founded this organization, the J. S. C. A.

it was merely to be an experiment Though there is danger of its toward the promotion of interna- passing inadvertently into a com· tional friendship through Chris- placent institution of a common- tian fellowship and cooperation. place routine mechanism, there is Today, the J. S. C. A. is a proven evident a sufficient spirit of adven- institution, serving hundreds of ture, supplemented by an inspired Christian Japanese stu den t s courage, to keep it supplied with throughout the United States, Can- energetic human resources in order ada and Hawaii through its several to serve more fully the Japanese activities as outlined below. students in America. The move- The activities of the Association ment passes continually through include a student bulletin, a a process of development and it is monthly organ, 3,000 copies of at a stage now when it requires the which are distributed free to all sympathetic understanding and Japanese stu den t s and their support from our friends.

friends in America and in Japan; Enthusiasm may run high, hopes student directory, listing all Jap- may soar, and dreams may form anese students in the institutions effulgent rainbows at the end of of higher learning in North Amer- the trail; but they will drift away ica; pamphlets; a circulating into the thin air of emptiness un- library; a press room, to help J ap- less some of them are empirically anese students in purchasing books tested in the daily office work of at considerable saving; secretarial our national office. Nearly all our visitation trips to strengthen the work is made possible through the J. S. C. A. movement, help Jap- voluntary gifts of our friends. The anese students in their various J. S. C. A. movement, in fact, has problems, and to speak before been successful so far through American audiences and cultivate their generous support, and we are better American-Japanese under- confident that the work will be standing; practical services such carried on with their continued as information on colleges and uni- cooperation and financial assist- versities, schedules for traveling ance.

PRAYER "Beloved Master, who has said, 'Blessed are the pure in hf'urt, for th<,y shall s('e Gort,' cleanse our bearts from the defilement of physical df'sirt". V(' would rise with Thpe and gain those things which are above th(>se bodies of the earth. We st'ek thi" of'unty of thy face and the loveliness of thy soul. 'Ve know that only as WP are purified from phYSIcal desire can we see God, that God is dimmed a.fi(l unreal to lIS whf'n our h('nrts ure unholy. Dear Master, we would know Thee in the full power of thy Rf'folnrrection. CI('anAe us from all unworthiness, that we Ulay see Thee as thou art. Amen."-From "H-i1J G~OriOU8' Borly," by Robert Norwood.

OF SIMON

T HE report of this Commis- pletely abolish the "dyarchy" form of sion, which was appointed by government, which was tentatively the British Government in set up in India, but would substitute for it ·stronger provincial Legislatures 1927 to study conditions in India, and a central Legislature having broad was awaited with keen interest powers of law-making for all India, not only in India and Great Britain and creating, in effect, a Federated hut throughout the civilized world. India. The report has now been published in two bulky volumes. We assume Inevitably, certain powers are rethat comparatively few of our served to the British Government, or to the Governor-General in India. readers will have access to these National defense is not to be turned volumes and yet that all desire to over to native hands. In fact, they know their general character. In do not desire it. Even the party in India which demands immediate inview of the bearing of the subject dependence has been willing to leave upon conditions which affect mis- the military power under the control sionary work in the great mission of Great Britain. In a similar way, field of India, perhaps we can do the foreign relations of the new Inno better than to cite the editorial dian Government are to be conducted on the subject in the New York from London. Nor shall the central Times of June 24th as follows: Legislature have power to enact meas- The second and substantive part of ures affecting "the religion or reli- the Simon report on India is made gious rites and usages of any class of public today. It comprises more than British subjects in India." It cannot 300 printed pages and can for the repeal or amend any act of a local moment be dealt with only in sum- Legislature, nor any act or ordinance mary fashion. From the beginning, made by the Governor-General. These it is evident that the commissioners are serious limitations, and doubtless approached their heavy and compli- will be, at first, rejected with scorn by cated task with kindly recognition of the advocates in India of full domin- the aspirations of the people of India. ion status. But some of the restric- In the very forefront they speak as if tions, at any rate, are necessary in their marching orders were: "The order to safeguard the rights of solemn pledge of the British people minorities in India, and also to pre- with regard to the progressive realiza- vent the provincial Legislatures from tion of responsible government in being overriden by the central legis- British India." Yet in the text of lative power.

the act under which the Simon Com- It is interesting to note that Burma mission was appointed, it was stated is to be left entirely out of the new that its functions would be to "ex- governmental scheme. The report tend, modify, or restrict" the experi- states that it is not really a part of ment in self-government which has India and was included in it only by been going on ever since the India act a sort of "historical accident." Spe- of 1919. Accordingly. the Simon cial provisions are also to be made for Commission was legally empowered, the government of the Northwest if it saw fit, to recommend withdraw- Provinces. On every page of the re- ing a certain degree of the home rule port appears evidence of the scru- which had been granted to India. pulous care and the heavy sense of But nothing of that tenor appears in responsibility with which the com- the report. It would .indeed com- missioners set about their work. They 675

hope that it need not be repeated. civil service and police still remain Very sensibly they point out the under complete control of the Secreanomaly and misfortune of pulling up tary of State for India. Provincial the Constitution of India by the roots autonomy is given, it is true, accordevery ten years to see how it is grow- ing to the views generally expressed, ing. Far better would it be to leave but while it is given to the country it alone for its natural development. with one hand, the increased powers of overriding granted to the Pro- In conclusion the Simon report vincial Governors withdraw it with states that it makes no reference to the other. recent events in India, since before they occurred the recommendations That the army ,should cease even now made had been arrived at unani- to rely on the Legislature for indorsemously. The commissioners declare ment of its estimates and should bethat they feel it needful to "look be- come entirely independent of Indian yond particular incidents and to take Government control is a third objeca longer view." They express the tion. That the power of the purse hope that whatever the verdict of should not be vested in the Provinces "our Indian fellow-subjects" may be is held out as another objection which on the proposals of the report, at least cannot be surmounted. it will be admitted that they have been put forWard in a "spirit of gen- The report must remain boycotted uine sympathy." No impartial reader by the Nationalist movement, in the of the whole report can doubt that opinion of the Pandit Motilal Nehru, this is true. Acting President of the Nationalist Congress and the active leader of the A later dispatch from Bombay movement. "We simply shall not pay to the New York Times says: the slightest heed to it," he said to- day, while asserting he had not yet The long-heralded Simon Commis- read it. "It is an ample vindication sion recommendations are universally of the boycott placed by our Congress rejected in British India. The opin- people on the Commission." ions expressed range from indignation at what is described as "this It would be futile to attempt to latest insult to the motherland" to forecast what may follow. The views of the more moderate elements agitation is likely to be long conof Liberals, Nationalists and Moslems, tinued. Missionaries in India are who counsel patience with a view to in a position of great delicacy and the approaching round table confer- difficulty. Never has there been a ence, urging in the meanwhile that the time when the followers of Christ report should be simply ignored. more needed to heed the exhorta- tion of Christ,"Be ye therefore The denunciation of the recom- wise as serpents, and harmless as mendations is based for the most part doves." on four points. The most important of these is the fact that the Indian FIGHT CANCER WITH KNOWLEDGE BY MRS. ELLA H. RIGNEY Of the American Society for the aootraj Of aancer T HE great unsolved problem approach is being used. Cancer is of the medical world is the becoming more and more a men- cause and cure of cancer. The ace, partly of course because more keenest minds in the profession are people are living to the age when concerned, and every method of it most often occurs. In India, for

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING

instance, where the average length the places where it can be obtained. of life is only 26 years, cancer is It is this task which has been un- less frequent than in America dertaken by l'he American Society where the average is much longer. for the Control of Cancer. Educa- Long observation has proved that, tional work is carried on by means although the disease sometimes oc- of lectures, radio talks, moving pic- curs in young people, it is much tures, pamphlets, newspaper and more frequent after the age of 35. magazine articles, advertisements in magazines, outdoor advertising, One of the greatest obstacles in and cards in street cars. The chief the control of cancer is the pop- function of the society is to put ular belief that the disease is before the public the results of incurable. This prevents many chemical and laboratory stUdies, people from admitting even to all of which point to the fact that themselves that symptoms may early recognition and prompt and mean the beginning of a cancer and proper treatment offer the best from seeking competent advice chance for arresting the disease. when its presence can no longer be It has adopted for its slogan the hia<1en. Untreated or improperly phrase – "Fight Cancer with treated cancer is, it is true, always Knowledge," and its message has fatal; but is is not an incurable well been called a message of hope. disease. In many cases, when prop- er treatment has been begun at an In all its work it has the most cor- early stage, growth is arrested. dial cooperation of hospitals. The The popular belief that cancer office of The New York Committee is incurable must therefore be ov- of the Society is at 34 East 75th • ercome so that patients will seek Street, New York, and requests re- physicians earlier in the course of ceived there have prompt response. the disease. This can be done only Pamphlets are sent free of charge, through education of the public, and persons desiring diagnosis and placing the facts before it in sim- treatment and unable to afford a ple, untechnical language, com- private physician are referred to a bined with information as to what suitable hospital with a card of in- constitutes proper treatment and troduction.

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry its principles and policies, and if there are any weaknesses or errors For some weeks a group of lay- they would like to have these men have been working, on their brought to light for their own sake own initiative, upon a project for as supporters of the enterprise and a study of foreign missionary also for the sake of the movement work. Their attitude and pur- itself. pose are wholly sympathetic. They have in mind doing something that The undertaking is a spontamay help to give the foreign mis- neous and independent movement, sionary enterprise a new impetus. acting with the full knowledge and At the same time they want to approval of the Boards. The folmake any contribution they can lowing statements have been predirectly or indirectly toward pared by the Executive Committee strengthening the undertaking in of the Inquiry.

Communication to the Missions explain the Inquiry to leading mem- A group of lay men and women rep- bers of the churches so as to avoid misconceptions, and to ensure readier resenting tEhepisBcaopptailsta, nCdoPnrgersebgyattieorniaal~ response by the pastors, teachers and Methodist other workers who may later be con- sulted by the inquirers. denominations, and deeply interested in the foreign mission Boards of their churches, have offered to make pos- Details of the Plan sible a study to be undertaken in a constructive spirit, of the work, prob- On May 28, 1930, four groups, each lems and opportunities of the missionary enterprise in Japan, China and consisting of five lay men and women, India, including Burma, without expense to the Boards. The group is c?nnected respectively with the Bapcomposed of committees of five from each denomination, appointed by the tIst, Congregational, Methodist and laymen themselves, but in each instance with the full knowledge and ap- Presbyterian churches, formed themproval of the Boards. ,selves into a Committee to sponsor the The study is to be called the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry. Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry The fact-fi'nding has been entrusted which is described below. While these to the Institute of Social and Religious Research, whose studies of the four groups were self-appointed, their Church and of Home and Foreign Missions (for example, The World common purpose was fully known and Missionary Atlas), have set a high standard. The directors of the Insti- approved by their denominational fortute are Dr. John R. Mott, President; Professor Paul Monroe, Recording eign mission societies. Secretary; Dr. Trevor Arnett, Treasurer; Dr. James L. Barton, Dr. Ken- The Committee, at its second meetyon L. Butterfield, Bishop Francis J. McConnell, President Ernest H. Wil- ing, June 12, adopted the substance of kins. The Executive Secretary is Mr. Galen M. Fisher, who is to be the gen- the following statement, but June 25, eral director of the fact-finding process. The fact-finding staff will be when the officers of the Committee met composed in part of persons experienced in methods of research sent with the executive secretaries of seven from the United States and in part of persons resident in the field. of the mission Boards, the definition The appraisal is to be made by a of the Purpose was amplified and sevcommission of eminent Christian men eral suggestions were made regarding the problems to be explored. _ At this date only the four denomi- national groups above mentioned have been fully constituted, but laymen in the United Presbyterian Church, the Reformed Church in the U. S., the Episcopal Church, and the Reformed Church in America have been invited to form similar groups.

The Executive Committee of the sponsoring Committee consists of Al- bert L. Scott, Chairman; James M.

Speers, Treasurer; Frank E. Bar- rows, Secretary; Frank A. Horne Franklin A. Warner. '

and women well versed in the church I. PURPOSE and evangelism, education, women's . The general purpose of the Inquiry work, medicine, sociology, and eco- IS to make a comprehensive, objective nomics. and penetrating appraisal of Foreign The exact methods of cooperation Missions, primarily as represented by members of the Mission will be ex- by the participating denominational plained in due time by the Director of groups in order the fact-finding staff, but it might ex- 1. To aid Christian leaders in ex- pedite matters if the Secretary of p~nd!ng, readjusting or recasting the each Mission and one or two other mIssIonary enterprise, so that it will members were appointed to give such result in making Jesus Christ more special help and counsel as may be widely and more fully known, loved called for. It would also be well to and obeyed, and will minister more

adequately to the needs of mankind in data assembled by the technical staffs accordance with His purpose and and of their own observations, inideals; and quiries and experience.

2. To aid laymen in intelligently de- There will be a general director for termining their attitude and discharg- the fact-finding study and associate ing their responsibility toward For- directors as may be required for the eign Missions. individual fields.

II. SCOPE By adopting uniform procedures and instruments for the core of the For the present, the Inquiry abroad study in all the fields it is expected will be limited to Japan, China and that much of the corresponding data India, including Burma. Data will be will be comparable and that they will gathered regarding (1) the condi- point to some signi1icant general contions of life and thought in those clusions. The plan, methodology and countries and (2) the history, achieve- presentations of data will be checked ments, aims, policies, personnel and by the Institute staff according to activities of the missionary bodies usual procedure. concerned and of the related agencies in those fields. Attention will be VI. FACT-FINDING given to both current conditions, and The Institute of Social and Relito trends during recent decades. gious Research has been engaged to III. PROBLEMS TO BE EXPLORED conduct the fact-finding and to pre- pare the results for the use of the The range of the problems to be ex- Appraisal Commission. plored is implied in the statements of Purpose and Scope. Several specific VII. SCHEDULE problems have been suggested by the It is expected that the entire In- Laymen's Committee, by the Secretaries ~f the Mission Boards, by mis- quiry will require between two and a sionaries on furlough, and by other half and three years, divided among qualified persons. To these others preliminary preparations, fact-finding, will doubtless be added as the result appraisal, and preparation of findings. of ·suggestions in the field as the In- The fact-finding is to be done during quiry proceeds. It should be said, 1930-31 and the appraisal during however, that within the short period 1931-32. allowed for the fact-finding it will obviously be necessary to focus attention VIII. RELATIONS WITH BOARDS AND on a few major problems. MISSIONS IV. DATA The Boards concerned have ex- Full use will be made of the exten- pressed full approval of the Inquiry, sive data recently assembled in other in view of the values which they anprojects, but much additional fact- ticipate will be realized for the Boards finding will be necessary. Coordina- and for the missions in each field. tion will be effected with the studies projected by the International Mis- The executive officers of each of the sionary Council and the various Na- Boards concerned will write a letter tiona! Christian Councils. to the various missions requesting their hearty collaboration and enclos- V. STAGES AND PROCEDURE ing a copy of this statement.

The study will consist of two major IX. BUDGET stages, (1) fact-finding by technical The Inquiry will be conducted withstaffs, and (2) appraisal by an Appraisal Commission of eminent per- ~ut expense to the mission Boards, sons who will visit the fields and ar- the cost of the fact-finding being rive at judgments on the basis of the borne by the Institute of Social and Religious Research and the cost of the Appraisal Commission, and all other expenses being borne by the Laymen's Committee.

Economy gain and called only 50,000

killed the rest.' The unemployment situation continues to be serious. Its effects upon "Fear is injuring business today to home and foreign missionary work a far greater degree than current conwere referred to in the August num- ditions," said the banker. ber of THE REVIEW. Another disturbing effect is being felt by the religious It is right, of course, that Christian weekly papers and the monthly mis- men and women should exercise reasionary magazines, some vf whose sonable economy. But it is odd that subscribers have written that they they should begin by penalizing the cannot afford to renew their sub- home and foreign missionary work of scriptions. their churches and the periodicals which report and promote that work As a matter of fact, the actual sit- and keep them informed regarding it. uation is not as bad as many people The subscription price of THE MISimagine. Home and foreign mission- SIONARY REVIEW, for example ($2.50), aries are receiving their full salaries means only five cents a week. Does as usual. Pastors' salaries have not anyone really need to economize by been reduced, save in a very few ex- cutting off that small sum? So far ceptional instances. Most people whose from economizing on their religious income was derived, wholly or partly, papers and missionary magazines, this from bonds and stocks are as well off is the time to stand by them not only as they were before, for the large by maintaining but increasing their majority of corporations have not re- circulation. Surely the work of God duced their dividends. People who is no less important now than forhad bought on margins, and others merly.

who have lost their positions are, of New Code of Motion Pictures course, in trouble; but presumably few of the readers of THE MISSIONARY The enormous and increasing influ- REVIEW had been speculating in the ence of motion pictures has created a stock market. problem which affects Christian A prominent banker was reported workers both at home and abroad.

in the New York Evening Post of The average weekly attendance July 16 as saying: "More than 50 per throughout the world is reported to cent of the present trouble is fear," be 250,000,000, of whom 135,000,000 and he told the following story: are in other countries and 115,000,000 "Many years ag'o the angel of death in America. Allowing for those who appeared to a powerful desert sheik are physically unable to go (children and demanded 50,000 of his followers. under five years of age, the sick, etc.) The sheik agreed to the pact on the these figures mean that a number expromise that death would take no more ceeding the entire mobile population than 50,000. In the scourge that fol- of the United States attend moving lowed 200,000 died. When the angel pictures in an average week, the miagain appeared, the sheik reproached nority who do not go being offset by him, saying: 'You agreed to take 50,- those who go more than once. There 000 and you took 200,000.' Replying, is hardly a village in the United States the angel ,said: 'I stuck to my bar- and Canada without a picture theater, 680

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

hardly a city without a dozen or more, read it to them, and told them that hardly an audience without scores, they expected the code to be observed sometimes hundreds, of children. in all pictures hereafter made. Films made in the United States give myriads of people in Asia, Africa and Responsibility of Mr. Hays South America ideas, often distorted, of the country from which the mis- It is undeniable that many harmful sionaries have come. pictures have been exhibited, and that objections to their injurious influence It is therefore a matter of interest have been well taken. It seems to us to Christians everywhere that The As- unfair, however, to lay the whole resociation of Motion Picture Producers, sponsibility for such pictures on Mr. whose eight constituent companies Hays and Mr. Milliken. They are make 95% of the films shown in the high minded Christian men who have United States, have been led by Mr. been toiling for years amid difficulties Will H. Hays and Mr. Carl E. Milli- that are little understood by the pubken, President and Secretary respec- lic. They have been vehemently optively of the Association, to adopt a posed by unscrupulous men in the new "code to maintain social and com- industry itself. Mr. Hays is not a munity values." We have not space to "Czar" with autocratic powers, as reproduce the five page pamphlet, but many people imagine. While some the following "general principles" in- well-meaning men are demanding his dicate its purpose and scope. dismissal because he has not exercised more restraint, some unscrupulous No picture shall be produced which theater managers are demanding his will lower the moral standards of those dismissal because he has exercised too who see it. Hence, the sympathy of the much; declaring that some of the audience should never be thrown to the moral films that he has been instruside of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. mental in having made have lost mon- ey to the exhibitors; that some of the Correct standards of life shall be pre· films against which he has protested sented on the screen, subject only to have been huge financial successes; necessary dramatic contrasts. and that if church people will not sup- port good pictures they should not Law, natural or human, should not be expect theater managers to exhibit ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created them at a loss. If Christian men were for its violation. to succeed in their effort to put Mr. Hays out, they would play directly into Origin of the Code the hands of the baser element in the industry that is also arrayed against Several writers have called the code him, and incur the risk of having a a result of the recent severe criticisms worse man put in his place. of Mr. Hays and Mr. Milliken in several religious papers. We are reliably A Fa.ir Attitude informed, however, that the code was in preparation long before these crit- When men like Mr. Hays and Mr. icisms were made and that it would Milliken, on their own initiative, after have been published in its present the labor of several years, and against form if they had not been made at all. the vehement opposition of theater Statements have also been made that managers who consider nothing but the code is simply a meaningless "ges- box office receipts, have succeeded in ture," "a moral smoke screen" to mis- persuading the leading motion picture lead the churches, and that "it is producers to cooperate in drafting a entirely possible that most of the mov- code which could not have been more ing picture magnates have not both- satisfactory to the churches if it had ered to read it through." The fact is been written by a committee of minthat the code was worked out in Holly- isters, is it not the right course for wood in prolonged conferences between Mr. Hays and the "moving picture magnates" themselves, that they unanimously approved it, and then assembled their respective staffs,

Christian men to credit them with day of denominational colleges is passsincerity, give them moral support, ing. In this era of growing interand not ridicule them? They stand denominational fellowship there is between Christian people who object less and less disposition to encourage to demoralizing pictures and greedy small, struggling, iII-equipped denomexhibitors who profit by them and inational colleges. angrily resent interference. When they are trying to do what we want In a few states in America and in them to do, why not encourage them? some foreign fields there are denomi- national colleges that are not near A. J. B. enough to other colleges to be united with them. They represent all the op- Problem of Denominational portunity there is for higher educa- tion under Christian auspices. These Colleges colleges of course must be continued and adequately supported. It is clear Denominational colleges are having however that mission boards cannot a hard time both in America and on adequately provide for them out of the foreign field. The trend today is the general budgets on which their toward undenominational institutions evangelistic, medical and other work and state universities. The president depend. Special gifts must be sought of a small but excellent denomination- from individual donors. Board secal college, who recentry came to New retaries do what they can to help, but York to secure funds which were es- they cannot turn aside from their regsential to its continued existence, went ular work and their responsibility for away literally in tears, with not much the general budgets to become finanmore than enough to pay his carfare. cial agents for particular institutions. Union universities solve the problem In the mission field, the denomina- by boards of trustees with highly ortional colleges of the various mission ganized promotional departments. But boards are having an even harder time it is not practicable to set up separate because of distance from their supporting constituencies, lack of local boards of trustees for each of a dozen community appeal to American Chris- or more denominational colleges. tians, and the competition of government and union institutions. It is Should a given board, which has difficult enough to induce a wealthy several denominational institutions American to contribute to a denomi- under its care which cannot be united national college in his own country; with others, set up a joint committee it is still more difficult to induce him with a promotional secretary to handle to give to one in Asia or South Amer- the problem unitedly? Objections may ica. be urged to this method. But the pres- ent plan of depending upon furloughed How Is the Problem to Be Solved1 missionaries is also objectionable. It is unfair to college presidents and the We believe that one way is to unite work which they represent to bring institutions in fields where several de- them home to raise money which the nominations are trying to maintain home church ought to provide on its denominational colleges. In the case of the college president referred to own initiative. What would have been above, there are four denominational said during the World War if General colleges besides a state university in Pershing or several of his major genhis state of less than half a million people. Manifestly those denomina- erals had been called back to America tional colleges should get together. In to whip up interest in the War and the foreign field, a considerable num- raise money for the army in Europe? ber of such unions have already been consummated and others are in proc- Something, however, must be done ess of formation. It looks as if the if these colleges are to live. And we cannot afford to let them die. They are the main dependence for the sup-

ply of ministers, teachers and other are not counted in its population be- Christian workers. It is trite to say cause the state line of the Hudson that the aim of the missionary enter- River classes them in New Jersey, are prise is the establishment of a self- included, the population approximates supporting, self-governing and self- 11,000,000, the largest aggregation of propagating church; but how can people in one place in the world's his- there ever be such a church without tory. A. J. B.

an educated ministry and laity? And Can Human Nature Be Changed ?

how can an educated ministry and laity be secured unless they are Many people assert that it cannot.

trained? Secular state universities Advocates of big armies and navies are not supplying them in America, declare that we must prepare for war and government and Buddhist insti- since the instinct to fight is en- tutions are not doing so ,on the foreign trenched in human nature. Critics of field, especially as many of them are the Church and of Home and Foreign not merely non-Christian but actually Missions tell us that it is visionary to anti-Christian. The churches must imagine that the social order, indus- do this work through their Christian trial and international relations, and age old customs and beliefs can be colleges. The plain inference appears to be the merging of denominational altered; that the Sermon on the colleges into 'union institutions where- Mount is a beautiful theory but that it cannot be put into practical effect. ever there are several such colleges in a given region. This has been success- This is not only the counsel of de- spair but sheer paganism. Human nafully done in China, Korea, and several other foreign fields, and there is no ture can be changed. It is a historical valid reason why it cannot be done in fact that it has changed in the past America. A. J. B. and that it is changing today. Some Big Cities in Mission Fields evils that appeared to be impregnably According to the latest census re- embedded in human nature in former ports of the twenty largest cities in the world, five are in the United States centuries have been overcome in whole -New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit and Los Angeles in the order or in part because human nature has named; seven are in Europe-London, Berlin, Paris, Moscow, Vienna, changed. It is not long since even Leningrad and Budapest; six are in Asia-Osaka (2,333,000), Tokyo (2,- good men were ,saying that slavery 218,400), Shanghai (1,539,000), Hankow (1,500,000), Calcutta (1,327,547), could not be extirpated; that the red and Peiping (1,297,719); and two are in South America-Buenos Aires (2,- light quarters in great cities could 116,284), Rio de Janeiro (2,004,000). not be closed; that prohibition laws Whether New York or London leads is still in dispute on account of the could not be gotten through legisladiffering areas that are computed. tures and Congress; and that a dozen The five boroughs of New York report 6,955,084, and that part of London other things could not be done that which is governed by the London County Council reports 4,605,000. as a matter of fact have been done. "Greater London," that is served by Changing human nature is precisely the Metropolitan police, has 7,915,000; but if the cities and suburbs that are what the grace 'Of God does; precisely within what is known as the "Metropolitan District" of New York, but what the Church was constituted to be the agency of God in doing. Every- time an individual man repents of his sins, gives his heart to Christ, and becomes something that he was not before, hIs nature is changed. The follower of Christ should be the last person in the world to be misled by the objection that human nature can- not be changed. It can be, and, if we may be pardoned the colloquialism, it is up to him to get busy and help to change it. A. J. B.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A CLOUD OF WITNESS'ES, 1930-1931, AS PRESENTED AT EalE DISTRICT MEETING HELD AT GIRARD, PENNSYLVANIA, APRIL 23, 1930, BY THE AUXILIARY OF FIRST METHODIST OHURCH, UNION CITY, PENNSYLVANIA (The special presentations arranged and written by Mrs. P. L. Hatch) STUDY BOOK the old, old story preached by a strange voice. ' Going to the mission A Cloud of Witnesses from whence the preacher had come, CHAPTER 1 he became a Christian and devoted General Topic.-Bible Women and Evangelists. himself to training his six children, Special Presentation of Topic.- of whom Philip-Sarah was the oldest. Twilight Reveries. She has served in all parts of the mis- Character.-Retired missionary in sion field – teaching, preaching and retrospective mood. Looks at portrait album. Selects those about whom she ministering. Her life has been above tells interesting facts. reproach. This woman in our group picture, with covered head, has had sorrow and disaster and also great It is said, somewhere, at twilight peace. She presented the Gospel with A great bell softly swings power. And one may listen and hearken Here in the front row of the photo- To the music that it rings. graph is Soubhayamma wearing the As I sit here in the gloaming, the white sari of a widow. After becomdusky hour of twilight brings to my ing a Christian, her father~in-Iaw heart the music of sweet memories. drove her from the house and she fled Turning the leaves of this old album, to the missi ,n where she teaches in portraits greet me of those whom I the hospital. How well I remember knew across the' sea. "These photo- Krupamma who, in the picture, stands graphs yield an impression of beauty with down-bent head. Although blind, of character-of peace of mind and she has learned to read. Her good usefulness of life." disposition won her many friends.

Here is the picture of a group of K. Mary Ann! There you sit with Bible Women-"most essential of na- a book in your arm. She is lame– tive women workers in mission fields." her trouble incurable. K. Mary Ann Dear Bible Women "who go about in found healing for her heart and soul homes of city and village teaching and remained to tell others what a women and children the Bible and Saviour she had found. Yes, I remem- Christian hYmns." These Bible Wom- ber her so well.

en and evangelists "who must ever And here is Mother Wang with her study to be blameless in personal life palm leaf fan! When Mr. Wang be- and character." came a Christian through hearing the Let me look again-this noble wom- Gospel at Peking, you were deteran in the center is "Philip-Sarah." mined to journey to Peking to hear Her father, passing a bazaar, heard for yourself. With a wheelbarrow for 684

METHODS FOR WORKERS

a car and a strong, sturdy son to serve Some are apostles-some are prophets as motive power, Mother Wang you -some are teachers-and some have traveled 400 miles – or the distance the gifts of healing.

across Pennsylvania. You learned to To you assembled here today, let me read – you became the first Bible quote one of the definitions of teach- Woman of the Mission, serving in ing-"Teaching is the finest of fine every district of the conference. arts. It is more noble than painting, Your beloved son became a preacher for the teacher does not represent his and was killed by the Boxers during ideal on canvas, but makes it live in the rebellion in Peking. Mother the lives of men." "It is fascinating, Wang, you have gone to your reward. because to deal with growing life, and Your last recorded testimony is this: to share in guiding it toward the life "I have trusted Jesus many years and more abundant, is the greatest busi- I shall trust Him to the end." ness in the world."

Miss Christiana Tsai, evangelist in Our Study Book tells us that with the Presbyterian Mission in Nanking, the exception of motherhood, there is China, is so smiling in thi,s photo- no vocation so natural to a normal graph. I wish I might linger with woman as teaching. "Next to the in- my memory of her, but daylight has fluence of the evangelist and Bible almost faded. woman, that of the mission teacher is I can just' distinguish this picture most important." They become train- of Selby who died a cruel death in ers of teachers who are Christian con- Persia. verts.

Here is my picture of Nyang We have time for only a few ques- Ocinda, ·sent to me by an American tions and facts or items of interest missionary in Africa. The child concerning the lives of some of the standing by Ocinda is the babe for teachers (native) in non-Christian whose life she pleaded. She goes up lands. You, who have taken notes and down the banks of the Congo tell- during the training course, will please ing the story of love. Her name will bring us a few leaves from your note- live on and on beyond the limits of books.

the African villages where she labor·s Question 1. What noted teacher so efficiently. . was a vice-principal of Isabella Tho- As I coBe this album, while the burn Col1ege1 darkness is coming on the wings of Question 2. Please quote Miss night, I can sincerely say, "No in- Singh's words spoken at Cincinnati fluence surpasses in importance that in appreciation of the work of those of the woman, be she Persian or at home.

African, Chinese or Indian, who goes Question 3. Have you an item about about among her own people telling Sarah Philip?

the Gospel story with simplicity and Question 4. Have we studied about conviction." any native teacher of JanQ~? And what do you remember about her? Leaves platform humming- "Tell it out." Question 5. Turning our thoughts CHAPTER 2 to China, has someone brought notes on Chinese teachers? General Topic.-The Teacher. Special Presentation.-"Leaves from Question 6. In northern Korea in Our Notebooks." 1884, a little girl was bor t. She was Ckaracters.-Instrudor and Mem- named Pilley Kim. Some notes surely bers of Teacher Training Class. have been preserved about her. (Enter classroom naturally.) Teacher. St. Paul in his letter to Question 7. What can you mention about "Diamond"?

the Corinthians says: "There are di- Question 8. Give name of teacher versities of gifts but the same Spirit." in Bulgaria.

Question 9. WhQ is Margaret hardships, and disappointments of my Stewart? life have taught me to help others."

Teacher. As you go from this train- She has done much to promote the ing class, may you lead others to share growth of the Church in China. in the work of the Kingdom of Love until there shall be "the reality of Miss Yi-Fang Wu was assisted, in finding themselves attuned to the her education, from mission funds innnite." contributed by Americans. She at- tended Gingling College and is now Let us all sing number 410 in the president Qf her Alma Mater.

Hymnal, beginning with the third 6. Mis-sionaries established a Chrisverse. tian school for boys at Seoul. Pilley Kim's brother attended this school Answers to Questions and became a Christian. One day he destroyed the family idols. The moth- 1. Lilavati Singh, born in India, er became an ardent Christian worker near city of Lucknow, Qf Christian -taught the Bible to Pilley and was parents. her constant companion. The new Testament was memorized and recited 2. Miss Singh -said, "I see the work by Pilley Kim who for eight years done by the members of the Women's applied herself to study. She took up Foreign Missionary Society in Amer- work in Columbia University. She is ica is in some respects even harder today, in spite of her achievements, than that of the missionaries you humble in spirit and simple in heart. send out. You have not had the joy of preaching Him to hungry souls, 7. "Almaz" means diamond and was and yet year after year you toil, some- the name given to a little Syrian girl times with an aching body and a dis- couraged heart. To you I bring the by a far-seeing and ambitiou-s Chriswords of Christ-"For I was an hun- tian mother. "She gave 47 years of gered and ye gave me drink; I was a conscientious, faithful loving service." -stranger and ye took me in." 8. Rada Pavlova is a Bulgarian 3. Sarah Philip is the daughter of whose father was killed by the Turks.

Philip Sarah, the Bible Woman. This She became a member of the Protes- Indian teacher is keen of mind and tant church and has taught many the first woman of Guntur to receive 'years in the American Mi,ssionary a B.A. degree. She was noted in the School at Monastir.

University of Madras for her thor- 9. In Africa we find Margaret ough and scientific work in astronomy. Stewart, brought up in Liberia. She 4. Ume Tsuda was one of five Jap- is an intellectual and moral inspira- anese girls to come to America for tion to her people-remarkable for her higher education. In 1898, she was persistence in well-doing.

appointed delegate to the convention CHAPTER 3 of Women's Clubs in Denver where a newspaper said of her, "She delivered General Top i a . – Physicians and one of the best five-minute speeches at Nurses.

the convention, best in composition, Special Presentation.-A Clinic.

best in delivery, grace and voice." Charaaters.-Lady Physician – Pa- She had a nne Christian character- tients and Visitors. Lady Physician her earthlJ labors have recently ended. seated at desk. Enter visitor-presi- 5. Mrs. S. T. Law has been con- dent of W. F. M. S. in "Club Corners."

nected with True Light Seminary in Visitor. "Good afternoon, Doctor, Canton, China, for 40 years. In one beautiful day, but a cold wind."

of her reports she wrote, "Three fac- Doctor. "Have a chair."

tors have made my life possible: Visitor. (Drops into chair.) "Yes, First-born into a Christian home; I am glad to sit. I am tired and second-had the opportunity of Chris- weary and worried. I am not ill, but tian education; third-the difficulties, I worry, worry night and day over our

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Mission Society. The members are in Dor;tor. "Your blood condition a state of lethargy- 'asleep at the 1s-"

switch'-you might say. Can't rouse Mrs. "Run Down." "Yes, yes, ·some of them to come to the regular Doctor-my boil just boils when I meetings. They seem to be able to go think of the large number of women to other gatherings. A lack of de- in our churches who are indifferent to cision leaves them without backbone, the great mission cause." • you understand. Their jawbone is in Doctor. "Just a moment- I will working order and some of the wish- give you a wonderful combination.

bones are always wishing ,somebody Take this bottle to your next mission- else would do their work. Now, ary meeting and give liberal amount Doctor, what would you prescribe 1" to each one. The prescription is made Doctor. "First thing, Mr·s. – – – , up of Dr. Ida Kahn's prayers and en- I would prescribe 'setting-up exer- durancEl–Dr. Ma Sam Sa's determina- cises.' Your friends need to bend tion and vitality-Dr. Kennett's smiles their knees every morning. They and the generosity of Dr. Eva de should find joy in stepping out on the Prayer."

promises. Run with patience-run Enter lady with shoulders lame and and not be weary-they should walk stiff.

and not faint. Strengthen their arms Lame Lady. "Do you think that you -reaching forth hands to the needy. could help my lame shoulders? I have These exercises will help that lethargy. borne so many burdens lately and had Then take the prescription in this to lift on raising our apportionment bottle. Have the members of your until my back feels so weak. My feet Mission Society take liberal doses of get so weary trying to go and invite Dr. Paru's mixture – part of which folks to join the missionary society.

consists of 'being filled with a desire My head doesn't feel just right either.

to help others' and combined with I guess it will take quite a lot of 'being true to her convictions of ointment and different things to right.' If you empty the contents of straighten me up."

this bottle, you will find help in Dr. Doctor. "This bandage will help to Paru's experience combined with make your head feel better. It is full something of Dr. Li's success." (Exit of the account of Dr. Esther Kim Mrs. President.) Pak's faith and courage. Here is a Enter Mrs. "Run Down" (Anemic). new liniment that will help your back "Doctor, I am in such a terrible state. -the foundation of this new com- Everything seems to be the matter pound is the power to overcome ob- with me. Maybe I need something for ,stacles – found by Nurse Araki, of my blood-tonic or something. I am Japan. This ointment will help your swamped with work-one of my neigh- shoulders-has in it, 'continued devo- bors told me to get some swamproot tion and loyalty to duty.' For your -whatever that is-but I always be- feet, I advise shoes made of the prep- lieve in consulting those whose busi- aration of the Gospel of Peace with ness it is to prescribe. What you fix which you may so run that you will up for me will be good for most of our obtain. I have here a ,sample package missionary members. Everyone has of salve for the lips. It is for phy- that rundown condition-loss of appe- sicians and nurses. It contains the tite for wholesome thing.s -lack of virtues of tenderness, devotion, and right exercises – nerves need toning self-sacrifice. I intend to use it con- up." stantly in my practice and prescribe Doctor. "Are you troubled with a it for others." (Exit all.) rash?" Scene II Mrs. "Run Down." "Why, why yes, we all get nervous and do rash The "patients" who have taken the acts." doctor's prescriptions give liberal

doses to the members at the auxiliary Lady speaks-"Here are some in- meeting when the third chapter is teresting quotations from her ad- presented. dresses. This is a good one to think CHAPTER 4 about: General Topicr-Women in Social (Reading.) "Be so busy living that and Welfare Work. you never have time to take thought of dying." Special ·Presenw,tion.-A Bouquet of Good Deeds. A bouquet of flowers Lady picks up another flower, reads is left with a friend who celebrates note attached, turns to page 133, scans her birthday. A note attached to page. "Mrs. Jo certainly has accomflowers accompanied by book (Study plished a unique piece of social serv- Book). ice."

Lady receiving flowers and book Lady finds still another note atreads the following note: tached to poppy. Reads about Mrs. Chen, of China (last paragraph, page DEAR RUTH: 138).

Today marks another happy year Lady. "ThIs book is just brimming for you. Congratulations on thi,s an- over with accounts of good deeds. niversary of your birth. May these Hardly one, striving to aid in social flowers reveal sweet thoughts of happy and welfare work, who does not have times gone by. The book and bouquet a connection with Christian missions will tell you interesting stories of or the child of a Christian family, a some of our sisters in far-off lands. product of the mission 8chool or is a brating my birthday by joining the It would give me so much pleasure under Christian auspice8. I will call if I might enroll your name as a mem- up Naomi and tell her I am celeber at our next missionary meeting. brating my birthday by joining the W. F. M. S. and I will send check for Yours with love and hopes, my dues at once." Exit to telephone. NAOMI.

A beautiful chrysanthemum: And CHAPTER 5 here is a white ribbon with W. C. T. U.

on it. Here is another note. (Reads.) General Topic. – Pastors' W i ve s, "Please turn to page 121 and review Home-Makers and Others.

the life of Kaji Yajima – pioneer in Special PresentatiDn. – A Hearty social service and famous throughout Party.

Japan and the Christian world." Characters.-Several ladies wearing (Opens book and begins reading.) hearts bearing name of a "witness" in Kaji Yajin;lR was the seventh child of Chapter 5. Hostess receiving guests. parents who possessed intelligence and character. Her original name was weHfoinsdtesms.any"Ilnovinnogn-hCeharritsstiwanholmandws~ Katsu, but at the age of 17, watching the cannot always cla,ssify – yet who, rudder of a boat as she crossed a river, above others, perhaps, exhibit the she selected the name of Kaji-meaning rudder. Her matrimonial adventure was beauty and sanctity of the home. one of shipwreck- her husband was a drunkard and unfaithful. After he died Having sent several incvoimtaeti-onps~sItorasm' she secured a position in the schools at lo?king for each to a salary of $3.00 per month. She said that education without religion is only WIves, home-makers and others."

a partial preparation for life. In 1886, A~ guests begin to arrive, the host- Madame Yajima became actively engaged in attacking the gre~t evil of in- ess mtroduces them-"Permit me to temperance. Her memorable journey to introduce (mentions some character) Washington during President Harding's who will speak a few words of her administration was the great event of work." her life. She carried a petition written on rice paper and signed by ten thousand Several characters or "witnesses" of her countrywomen. It was a petition follow. for the ending of all wars. NOTE: All special music and read- ings at this meeting, when Chapter 5

METHODS FOR WORKERS

is used, may be interspersed at this CHAPTER 6 "party." General Topie.-"The Ever-Widen- Hostess (at close of "party"). "We ing Stream." cannot measure the influence of a single life-nothing is more unprofit- Speeial Presentation.-"True Story able than to attempt to measure it. Hour." When asked for the number of his converts, a missionary answered, 'It This chapter may be presented at a is not my business to count converts- combined meeting of Auxiliary and it is my business to win them.' Standard Bearers.

"Dr. Kahn recognized the great im- A Galaxy of Stars – consisting of portance of pointing souls to the Great golden colored stars with the photo- Physician. A lawyer once said to her, graphs of all the "witnesses" mounted 'I am glad you are going back to China upon them, may be placed on the walls as a doctor. Doctors are needed more of room. than missionaries.' 'I do not think so,' answered Dr. Kahn, 'eternity is Have the most interesting of the longer than time.''' stories in Chapter 6 related by good story tellers. For example, the story of a lone woman (page 2()().

THE FOUR ISLANDS A method 'for a visual presentation of the problems and needs of the four Islsnds: Santo Domingo, Haiti, Cuba and Porto Rico. The summaries given are based on "Trailing the Conquistadores," by Samuel Guy Inman, and were prepared and presented at the Home Mis$ions Conference, Northtleld, Mass., July, 1930.

Plan: Four women impersonate the Mrs. Jonathan Cartmell, Cuba, and islands. Each one rises in turn, and, Mrs. Dan Brummitt, Porto Rico.) in first person, presents her problems and makes her plea. The following summaries are given as suggestions of what may be done. Stage Setting: Four chairs, draped in white, arranged in a semi-circle. Haiti Costumes: Each of the four women By MISS FLORENCE ALLEN is dressed to represent the flag of the island which she is impersonating. I am Haiti. I am a small republic (governed by Negroes) but, neverthe- Using a white slip as a foundation, less, I am thickly populated. In fact, white cheese cloth is draped as a I have about five hundred inhabitants Grecian robe. Flags made of cheese to the square mile. I have had a long, cloth in the proper colors are draped dark history, a time filled with petty across the front of this robe, while revolutions. I am 90% Negro and the smaller flag·s are draped across the ·other 10% is mulatto. I am mostly shoulders so as to form small capes. Catholic and my people are filled with A smallllag stuck into the hair makes superstition, ignorance and fear. You an effective headdress, but a band of have sent some Christian missionaries the flag color·s may als'o be worn to me, but there is still much superaround the head if a more elaborate stition and ignorance and fear, and I arrangement is desired. need your help.

Materials needed for each costume: In 1915, you stepped in to help me. 5 yards white cheese cloth; 2 yards I didn't want you at first. – I was of each flag color. (Navy blue cheese afraid. But you have helped me cloth is more effective than any other greatly from a material standpoint. shade of blue.) You have cancelled almost 50% of my debt and you have managed my affairs (At Northfield the costumes were in an efficient manner. But, you have made by Miss Ruth Smith. Mrs. Ed- not trained me to help myself. The ward H. Bancker impersonated Santo treaty you made with me will expire Domingo; Miss Florence Allen, Haiti; 4

in six years and then what am I going We have been on a long, long journey, to do? I want independence, of when the summer sun was hot, course, but I need to know how to manage my own affairs. "If your Through the stinging cold of winter we help is extended in the spirit of have made a weary tramp. brotherhood, tomorrow for me will be full of promise." Gone where duty called us, in the midst of shell and shot, But the evening shades are falling, Soon, we'll all go into camp.

Cuba No hurried aid-de-camp in regulation blue By MRS. JONATHAN CARTMELL Brings the orders that we cannot disobey. My people appreciate fully that you No listening ear can catch the words of the United States have helped them That come to me and you to win their freedom. But, I am ask- That marks the ending of our earthly ing for the annulment of the Platt Amendment. I am dependent upon day. you, but you are also dependent upon Well, we must obey the order, me, because I am only as far from When it comes, we know not how. the United States as Philadelphia is And in marching order light we'll form from New York. and tramp I am one of the most religiously For our guide will surely lead us where the peaceful waters flow. Friends, the shades of night are falling, Soon we'll all go into camp.

enslaved countries of the world. The Santo Domingo (An Allegory) Bible was entirely prohibited within my borders and holding a Protestant By MRS. EDWARD H. BANCKER service was against the law. The other day, some of you heard me say, "I am Christopher Columbus," As late as 1898, when victims of the but, like the little boy who made up Maine disaster were to be buried, my his own bear story, I "ist said that." laws prohibited the reading of Prot- And, now, I want you to believe that estant burial services over the Protes- I am Santo Domingo. tant dead.

A central office and bookstore of I am very old, but I am Phrenix, and the American Bible Society is now I want you to watch me rise from my located in Havana and lines of in- own ashes. But while you are waitfluence reach from there to all parts ing to see the metamorphosis let me of me. tell you a little of my story.

One woman, in a remote part of me, In the long ago of childhood I had found Christ. And as a result of her not many things, but I knew it notwork there are now two Christian or at most, was uncaring. My dress churches. was of green velvet, my front porch the blue-green sea. Then came the I ask for teachers and missionaries. foreigner from far-off Spain. He But what you do for me must be done lured me; I accepted him. He showed quickly.

Did you hear the voices calling me some of his jewels. He asked me To the boys who wore the blue? for mine. But he tired of me when Did you note the quiet way they're break- I had given him my all, and he left me, to look into other eyes and take ing camp? other jewels from my cousins in No ringing shouts of orders cut the eve- Florida and Mexico and Peru.

ning silence through, No call of bugle thrills the evening damp.

Just sets us all to thinking (when we Though I was worn and weary and take the time to think), for,saken, I clung to some of the things he had left me, for they opened Makes us wonder as we watch life's dim- a little window into a world I had not ming lamp, known. Others came and went, and some hurt me and others opened my When the call will come to us, window a little wider. When our feet will press the brink On the rivers of the waters of our ever- lasting camp.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Years and years, hundreds of them, Porto Rico went by, and then a new suitor came. By CHARLOTTE ANDERSON And I have watched him, oh so carefully, and tried to find out whether I am Porto Rico. Although I am he is worthy or not. very beautiful, that i.s not the thing you notice about me. You can't help He says that I am a child, and .some- but see my people-420 of them to a times he has been very stern with me. square mile. They are keen, alert and I don't like him when he is that way. brainy when given a chance. But look He is quite an old man and he has at my children. Over 60% of them sons who want to play with me—or are near starvation. They are sufferflirt with me (for I think I am grow- ing from disease, poverty and lack of ing up a little now). And I am not education. How Can I ever come into quite sure whether it is me or hi,s the rich heritage that should be mine sons whose interests he really has at if my children do not have a chance heart. Some of them I don't like at to become strong, noble men and all. I'm sure they are selfish. But, women. lately, there have been others who seem kind and sincere, and they are You tell me that Christ is the Fatelling me that their father is like that ther of all. Won't you bring this -that he wants me to grow up and great, good Father to my children th~t respect myself and him and all the they may have their chance to be chilworld, so that I can make all the world dren of whom the Father and I may respect me. If they haven't made me be proud?

actual presents (indeed some of them A list o( blackboard and other helps for visualizing the chapters of "Trailing the have) they have showed me how to Conquistadores," Samuel Guy Inman. make many useful- and some beau- 1. "The Cradle of America." tiful- things for myself, and their A map drill showing how Santo father has loaned me money to do Domingo was the central point these things and tried to show me how of the early explorations and is to manage so that paying back won't thus "the cradle of America." be so very hard. 2. "The White Man's Burden." Some of his sons have tried to open A Conquistadore holding a cross my window very, very wide, so that I in one hand and a lash in the may see what they call the "Son of other. Man," and "Christ the Lord," and they tell me that He can take away all my 3. "The New Caribbean." troubles-all sickness ana pain in my A blackboard design of three large question marks over the body-and that other pain that seems inscription "Whither?"

to hurt in my heart. And that I can 4. "The Dance of the Millions."

be a partner with Him and help other A blackboard design of $$$$$ people to lose their troubles, too. in grotesque attitudes.

People tell me that you are daugh- 5. "The Curse on Ham." ters of my suitor. Now tell me truly, An African drum. as one woman to a distracted sister, can I believe him? Will his selfish 6. "Romance Turned to Roads." sons wear my life away, or are the A design showing a main road kind ones giving me the true picture leading off in various directions of their father? with the words, "Friendly Co- operation" printed on each road. Oh sister,s, I am about to cast myself into the fire! When my Phrenix 7. "Overpopulation and Underfeedarises from the ashes, will you surely ing."

be there to greet and sustain me and A U. S. flag over a picture of the children of one of the 1,700 Porto Rican school lunch rooms, help me to my destiny? eating their one meal a day.

8. "Conquistadores of Today." native boats in the harbor. Small Two statutes: "The Statute of paper figures of the missionaries and Liberty" and "The Christ of the natives were dotted here and there Andes," at opposite ends of the over the island. The center of attrac- blackboard with words "Conquis- tion on the island, however, was a hut tadores of Spirit" written be- built of loaf sugar with a thatched neath. roof made of plug tobacco (showing, of course, two of the chief products of 9. "The Cradle of America." the island) . Small paper tropical (This method is given in detail flowers, tobacco plants, date palms and so that it may suggest the pro- mahogany trees grouped artistically cedure in developing the others around the island, completed a color- given.) ful and educational exhibit of the products of Haiti. A large map of the world is tacked against the wall. Members of the Usable notes taken on an address by group tell the conquests made by the Governor Roosevelt of Porto Rico at a different men. For instance, when a recent banquet in New York City. member of the class says, "Columbus went fr·om Genoa, Italy, to Santo "The extraordinary thing is how Domingo," the one who is conducting little we know of Porto Rico. This is the drill attaches a ribbon of ship tape a g·orgeous piece of thoughtlessness on or serpentine to the proper points on our part. We have not even recogthe map with silver seals, showing the nized that they are our fellow citiroute covered by Columbus. This zens." same procedure is followed for all of the conquests and explorations. All The Porto Ricans are keen, alert of these tapes touch Santo Domingo. and brainy. They are, however, At the close of the drill, a large cradle struggling against a trinity of diffimade from cardboard, painted an at- culties: disease, poverty and lack of tractive color and labeled "Santo education. Domingo" is placed on the floor or table in front of the map and the ends DISEASE of all of the tapes are brought from "Santo Domingo" on the map and Consumption: If this disease is not dropped into the cradle. checked it will become a plague. If money can be secured to fight it on PRODUCTS PROJECT the front line we can keep up with it.

One of the projects that is helpful Malaria: This disease is a plague in studying "Trailing the Conquista- at the present time. dores" by Samuel Guy Inman, is a products project which may take the Hook Worm: There are 600,000 form ·of a products map, products ex- cases of this disease on the island at hibit or products poster. the present time.

The prize winning products project POVERTY at the Northfield Summer School of Home Missions was made on a card- $100 to $150 is the average income. board foundation, but could be re- Over 60% of the population are unemproduced as a sand table exhibit. A ployed and over 60% of the children relief map of the islands of Santo are undernourished and near starva- Domingo and Haiti was made from tion. The usual breakfast is coffee green paper and was surrounded by without cream or sugar. The school the blue Caribbean Sea. lunch is the only other meal most of them get. One father, when he was The ship which brought the mis- asked why he did not send his two sionary to Santo Domingo and Haiti youngest children to the school lunch was shown on the sea, as well as some replied that he thought it was wrong to take the lunches from those of school age.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

LACK OF EDUCATION Usable facts taken from an address given by Dr. lose Padin, Commissioner of While there are 550,000 of school Education of Porto Rico, at a recent banage, only 250,000 attend school. quet in New York City.

"That which keeps many poor to The population of Porto Rico is one make one rich, becometh not a com- and a half million, which means that monwealth."-CromweU. there are 420 people to the square mile of territory. Porto Rican families Possibilities average eight in number.

1. Export of sugar, tobacco, and vege- Of this total population, 600,000 tables in the summer and fall, and are children below fourteen years of canning of vegetables for winter. age. The death rate is two and a half (The foundation of the house in times as great as in the United States. which Governor Roosevelt lives Two hundred thousand of these chil- was laid a hundred years before dren are undernourished. To care for the landing of the Pilgrims at this condition, 1,700 lunch rooms have Plymouth Rock.) been established in the schools. Porto Rico provided $100,000 and the United 2. Practical Education. States has given $75,000 so that 50,- Boys-20,000 experiment gar- 000 children may be given one meal dens are now underway with a day at an average cost of five cents chickens, pigs, etc., for prizes. a meal. Shoe making and furniture making. Heretofore we have Dr. Padin believes that this work been training them for jobs that will be entirely supported by the do not exist. island within five years. Girls–cooking and embroidery. PETITION 3. Social Centers-Fairs. These rural units cost approxi- By ELIZABETH DAVIS RICHARDS mately $10,000. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I 4. Farm Bureaus. pray, More outside work and less desk work. Though tears should hover near, Give me the gift of laughter for each 5. Markets. day- 6. Industrial Centers. Laughter to cast out fear. No raw material, but a water haul to every market. With Hope to greet the coming of each dawn, 7. Health Units. One doctor and one nurse in And Faith that never dies, each unit. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I Children are the cornerstone on praywhich a nation is built; an under- Laughter instead of sighs. nourished child is a crumbling cornerstone. He Loves Them All Latin America will be more easily (Recitation for a small boy or girl) influenced by friendship than by col- With Him there is no red or black, umns of figures. No Chinese, French or Dutch, The University of Porto Rico For all are His dear children should be a Pan-American University -school of tropical medicine, school And He loves us all so much. of tropical agriculture. The boys and girls in Africa Duty, decency, interest of U. S. in And the little ones in Spain our own future, are the trinity to Are all just "loved ones" in His sight, battle against disease, poverty, lack of educational opportunities. For to Him we're all the same. So we who would like Jesus grow, May do our part, though small, In helping make a happy world By being kind to all.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEE South America, there is a good paper ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE in Spanish. The great event of this year, so far as periodicals is concerned, By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY is the establishment of a new magazine for children in Korea. The magazine One of the most fascinating bits of is entitled The Child World and is work undertaken by the Federation made by enlarging a small paper of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- sions is that done by the Committee printed by the Sunday School Associaon Christian Literature among Women tion and securing the cooperation of and Children in Mission Fields. The the Committee on Christian Literature work of the Committee assumes a in Korea, so that the two organizations special importance at this time; the will together be responsible for an enwhole field of Christian Literature larged, illustrated and altogether more will be judged by the Jerusalem Con- interesting magazine. ference as one of the most important now being cultivated by the Christian Our Committee on Christian Literforces of the world. Since his return ature raised the funds for this last summer. The work of our Committee from his last journey around the was presented and the statement was world, John R. Mott has stressed the made that a request for Korea had importance of the preparation of prop- been received, asking us to help them establish a paper for children similar er literature for our converts as one to those that we are printing in other of the major task awaiting Chris- tians. countries. The speaker stated that We women are prJud of the pioneer under our present budget it was im- part we have played in this enterprise. possible for us to respond favorably We began to do what we could soon to this request since the papers that after the Edinburgh Conference and we were already subsidizing in Japan, have been working ever since. We China, South America, Turkey and were fortunate in our first Chairman, India took all the funds that we could Miss Alice M. Kyle, who did not wait raise. After the meeting, some $600 for funds to accUl IUlate but started was given to the Chairman, $500 from promptly the printing of a magazine one giver. Later another generous for children in China entitled Happy donor added $300, and small contribu- Childhood. tions made up the $100 needed. The joyful word was at once sent to Korea We have now quite a flock of peri- and we can know that we have started odicals. There is Happy Childhood on its way another venture of faith. having the circulation which now in- India is calling loudly for another sures its reading by approximately Treasure Chest to be written in Teluone miIlion Chinese; the Treasure gu, for a great constituency num- Chest, undertaken in India, is now bering more than twenty million printed not only in its original Eng- people where there is no periodical of !ish, but in four different vernaculars, any kind for children. The little chilreaching some thirty-five thousand dren of the Philippines, too, want their readers; in Turkey we have recently succeeded in starting a magazine for paper, and Africa is beginning to voung peoDle entitled, Mouhit; and in agitate.

694 Another interesting feature of the they would communicate with her, work of the Committee is the publication of valiant Christian books in the and then started across the road to various vernaculars. Last year Mabel Thurston's Adventure of Prayer was Betsy Moody Cottage. On the way translated into Burmese under the auspices of the Christian Literature over she met Miss Laura M. White, Committee of Burma. Our Committee furnished the subsidy that made this that great missionary of the Methodist possible, $300, which provided for the translation and issuance of an edition Board, who has been in China for of one thousand copies. Sale of the books will provide for further editions. thirty-five years. Miss White said: The translation of The Adventure of Prayer into Chinese has just been com- "Oh, Mrs. Montgomery, I have just pleted and the money sent forward. It would be a wonderful thing if some been reading From Jerusalem to Jeruperson would as a memorial provide for the issuance of The Adventure of salem, and I think it is just the book Prayer in Japanese. It might cost a little more than $300 as wages and which our Chinese Christians need. costs in general are higher in Japan, but think what it would mean to in- They have no background, you know, sure the placing in the hands of Japanese Christians of this wonder- they do not know the story of how ful and stimulating book on the art of prayer. Christianity progressed from land to One of the most interesting inci- land. I just want to translate it. Do dents of the year in regard to the work of our Committee happened in you suppose your Committee could Northfield. At that great summer school, a presentation of the needs of get the money for me?" I said to her: Christian Literature is always made and an offering devoted to the needs of "The Lord has already attended to the Committee. At the close of this meeting, the chairman was walking that, Miss White, and has sent His out through the lobby where Miss M. H. Leavis had charge of the great messenger to tell me that $300 is waitdisplay of books and pamphlets issued by the Central Committee for the ing to be appropriated." United Study of Foreign Missions. Miss Leavis said: "I want to secure Miss White has already returned to the printing of one of the books of the Central Committee in Chinese. I China, and there has associated with read that a year or two ago, as a memorial to Mrs. Cronk, her book herself one of the wonderful young Brave Adventu'lles, was translated into Chinese by one of her friends. I have college graduates of China, Miss Mary been saving the money, and I am ready to give it as a thank-offering Liu, who was graduated from Ginling to provide for another of the Central Committee's books." The chairman last June. She is to be Miss White's thanked her, assured her that when the Committee met in November, they Chinese helper in the translation. would make a selection of a book and There is a very interesting story connected with this young Chinese woman. When Mrs. Peabody and I were going around the world we came to Nanking in the spring of 1914.

There we saw a little slave girl, who had been rescued by the Christian hospital. Owing to injuries which she had received at the hands of her for- mer owner, it ha hpp.n necessary to amputate both hel 'nd her hands.

A money compem _or the injury had been made whic. mt;n the bank a fund sufficient to prl ide for the education of the child. 'nen we saw her, she was about eip- t years old.

The sullen and fearful lttle creature who shrank from all co; tacts had been replaced by a sunny child, who had already received the Lord Jesus in her heart, and had lJegun her educa- tion. Artificial legs had been pro- vided for her, and she had learned to use her poor maimed wrists in a won- derful way. The stump of her right thumb enabled her to hold a Chinese brush, and with this she learned to

write with wonderful facility, so that Miss White's indefatigable committee today she is able to finish about twelve of women is doing in China, is to prohundred Chinese characters in her vide for the translation of suitable beautiful chirography in two hours exercises and pageants for Christmas and a half. It takes the ordinary and Easter. The cost of getting one translator about eight hours to finish of these written or translated is only that number of Chinese indeographs. about $100, and this ensures the speaking of the message of Christ to Mary Liu decided that she could do thousands of people. Was it not a whatever any other girl could do, and lovely thought that led the friends of so she has learned to run the sewing Mrs. Cronk to provide for the passmachine. She manages to cut out and ing on of her thought about the prayer make her own clothes, and she has life of children into Chinese? There learned many other womanly accom- is many another believer mourning the plishments. She has two books to her loss of a friend who could make one credit, although she graduated from of these living memorials for her or college only a year ago. For years for him, among the people whom they she has cherished the ambition to be- will never know. An instance of a come an editor and it seems likely living memorial was the translation of now that she will be made the editor of One Girl's Influence into Japanese. the Chinese magazine for women and The story was written by Robert E. girls, published by the committee of Speer in regard to a young college which Miss Laura M. White is the girl, Louise Andrews, who used to atchairman. Is not the story of this tend the summer conferences in girl a wonderful illustration of the Northfield. The book was written for Providence of God? It seems like private circulation only, but edition the story of Joseph. His only way after edition has been demanded until into freedom and power lay through the sale has reached fifty thousand the pit into which his brothers copies in America, and now the book cast him, and the slavery which he is going into other languages. The endured in Egypt. What God allowed translator in Japan was a young colto happen to Mary Liu looked like lege girl of wealth who was dying of cruelty, and yet her only way into tuberculosis. She had been educated an enlarged and a wonderfully useful in this country and here had read the life lay through that abuse which she story of One Girl's Influence. Her suffered as a slave girl. book, written during her illness, was published after her death by the Chris- Another English book which has tian Literature Society in Japan, unbeen translated this year is The Storry der the title Louise, and here, too, it of Jesus as Told by His Four Friends. has had the same blessed influence In this book I have arranged the inci- among girls that it had in the original. dents and the teachings of the four Gospels in their chronological order, One of the interesting things acso bringing into one the stories told complished this year has been the by the four evangels. The transla- writing of a dramatic sketch by Laura tion is phrased in the language of M. White. It is entitled A Day in the everyday speech, and the story writ- Office and contains the story of the ten particularly for the needs of adoles- happenings of an average day in the cents. The entire cost of translation regular work of our committee in and publishing the first edition of one Shanghai. The sketch is most interthousand amounted to only $300. esting and intimate, with touches of After the initial cost, the cost of suc- humor. It is easy to present and ceeding editions will be paid for out carries a real message of what is beof the sale of copies. Negotiations are ing accomplished through the Chrisnow going on in Japan and India to tian Literature Committee in one secure further translations. land. We are hoping another year to One of the interesting things which

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

present another sketch of work ac- Fields. Let us ask great things from complished in India or Japan. The God, and expect to receive great things Committee published this sketch in from God. We need more personal the hope that it might be widely used givers; we need more money for this throughout America to make concrete purpose from all the Boards; we need to many the work that the Committee new translators and new writers of was trying to do. It can be obtained original matter in all the vernaculars. without cost at the office of the Com- The Committee needs fresh faith and mittee, 419 Fourth Avenue, New courage to go forward. Will not thou- York City. Many are planning to give sands of women and girls give this most precious gift of believing prayer the little sketch before the World Day to the Committee and its work? of Prayer, and to present the proceeds IBLESSED ARE THE PEACE. as a gift at that time in the interest of Christian literature. The little MAKERS play takes less than half an hour to present-about twenty minutes-and Matthew 5: 9 could be given by hundreds of young people's societies, women's clubs, This program which takes one hour and a half, has been prepared by the church dramatic leagues and the like. Committees on International Relations In addition to this new dramatic of the Federation and Council for a sketch, the Committee publishes a Woman's Society, Young People's Group, number of brief inserts that can be or any denominational or interdenomihad freely by anyone desiring to use national group interested in Internathem in letters to broadcast the needs tional Relations. It is suggestive and and opportunities of, the Committee. flexible, and should be developed accord- ing to local conditions. A mimeographed One of the ambitious hopes of the list of study courses, also short discus- Committee is to secure in as many sion courses-some in the form of quescenters as possible a Christian Litera- tions and answers-which are suitable ture Auxiliary that shall be interde- for program meetings, may be secured nominational and simple. It is planned from the Federation or Council for 5 to have only one meeting a year, and cents. at that meeting have the members come together, contribute their an- 1. Devotional Service. (15 minutes.) nual dues of $1, listen to the latest news about the Committee, and then 1. Hymn: Tune, The Blessed have nothing more to do for a year, to help along the great work that the Home. Committee is organized to do. There are few towns where an enterprising Thy Kingdom come, 0 Lord, woman could not bring together once Wide circling as the sun; a year a group of women of all denominations for such a meeting. Any- Fulfill of old Thy word, And make the nations one; one who is interested in the matter may correspond with the Chairman of One in the bond of peace, the Committee, Mrs. William A. Mont- The service glad and free gomery, who may be reached at 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Of truth and righteousness, Of love and equity. The greatest need of the Commit- Speed, speed the longed for time tee, as of all other Christian commit- Foretold by raptured seers– tees, is for more believing and faithful prayer, and every reader of these The prophecy sublime, The hope of all the years; words is urged to take as a subject for daily prayer the work of the Com- Till rise at last, to span Its firm foundations broad, mittee on Christian Literature among Women and Children in Mission The commonwealth of man, The City of our God.

2. Jesus condemned war in substi· tuting the Gospel of Love as the Way of Life. Beginning with the beatitudes He ex- tolled all the anti-war vir- tues; meekness, merciful- ness; peace; love of ene- mies and racial foes; John 15: 17; Matthew 19: 16-19. Matthew 5 can be made the

basis of a short talk on this it, this earth of thine has been defiled theme or be used as a re- sponsive Scripture reading. with the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centuries sob 3. Prayer for Peace concluding with ceaseless horror of war. Ever the with Lord's Prayer in uni- pride of kings and the covetousness of son. the strong has driven peaceful nations II. Interrelationship between Missions to slaughter. Ever the songs of the past and Peace. and pomp of armies have been used to inflame the passions of the people. Our III. Some of the Ways to Ensure Peace. spirit cries out to thee in revolt against it, and we know that our righteous anger Machinery, attitudes, etc. is answered by thy holy wrath. Break thou the spell of the enchant- IV. Responsibility of Christians to Foster the "Will to Peace." ments that make the nations drunk with the lust of battIe and draw them on as V. Hymn: Tune, Pentecost. willing tools of death. Grant us a quiet Let there be light, Lord God of and steadfast mind when our own nation Hosts, clamors for vengeance or aggression. Strengthen our sense of justice and re- Let there be wisdom on the earth! gard for the equal worth of other peoples and races. Grant to the rulers of nations Let broad humanity have birth! faith in the possibility of peace through Let there be deeds, instead of justice, and grant to the common people boasts! a new and stern enthusiasm for the cause of peace. Bless our soldiers and Within. our passioned hearts in- still sailors for their swift obedience and their willingness to answer to the call The calm that endeth strain of duty, but inspire them none the less and strife; with a hatred of war, and may they Make us Thy ministers of life; never for love of private glory or ad- Purge us from lusts that curse vancement provoke its coming. May our young men still rejoice to die for their and kill. country with the valor of their fathers, Give us the peace of vision clear but teach our age nobler methods of To see our brothers' good dur own, matching our strength and more effective To joy and suffer not alone; w aoy st hoof ug iving our life for the flag. stron g Father of all nations, The love that casteth out all fear! draw all thy great family together with Let woe and waste of warfare an increasing sense of our common blood cease, and destiny, that peace may come on That useful labor yet may build earth at last, and thy sun may shed its Its homes with love and laugh- light rejoicing on a holy brotherhood ter filled! of peoples.- Walter Rauschenbusch, in God give Thy wayward children "Prayers of the Social Awakening."

peace! II, III, and IV may be developed In three 15 minute talks, or III and IV may be com- VI. DisCIU8sion: The Outgrowth of bined In a 20 or 25 minute talk. the Talks. Materials for Development of Topics 1. Do the women of our commu- nity really desire a world For Topic I: The Words of Je8US organized for Peace? commonly quoted for or against war. Pages 19-41. Federal Council of 2. What new machinery must we Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. build to organize a world for 15c. peace? For Topic II: On Earth Peace. Sym- 3. How can the church and church posium; published by The Central Com- women help? mittee on the United Study of Foreign Missions for the Federation of Woman's 4. How can the women of our Board of Foreign Missions and Council town cooperate to develop of Women for Home Missions. Order right international and in- from Mission Boards or Miss M. H. terracial attitudes and a Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North Cambridge, constructive program for Mass. 20c. Peace Education? For Topics III and IV: Building In- VII. Closing Prayer for Peace. (Use ternational Good-Will." Symposium. Mac- the following.) millan, New York. $1.50.

Prayer Against War The New World Road Guide. League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th o Lord, since first the blood of Abel St., New York. lOc.

cried to thee from the ground that drank

Helpful Pamphlets ness Day. In connection with the ob- servance of this day last year at Christianity's Supreme Rival by Harry Chengtu, West China, the staff of the Emerson Fosdick, Riverside church, New United Church hospital were asked to York. IDe. prepare a sketch to be given at the demonstration in the city park. The The Sword or the C'ross by Kirby matter was regarded of such great im- Page. Doran, New York. 15c. portance that two days were devoted to it. From a letter written by Miss Arbitration-The Only Substitute for L. G. Hartwell, West China Mission, War. Committee on the Cause and Cure we learn some particulars regarding of War, 1511 Grand Central Terminal methods used in this serious effort to Bldg., New York. 15c. promote the public health of the coun- try. A Ten Year Review of the League of Nations. 145 page pamphlet. League 'Jf "On Wednesday," says Miss Hart- Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., well, "students lectured in the tea New York. 15c. shops and on street corners, and scat- tered pamphlets, pasted up posters, So This Is War. A study of popular- etc. The exhibition buildings had speized Military Training. Committee on cial exhibits. Dr. Williams, in charge Militarism in Education, 387 Bible of our laboratory, sent one of the Chi- House, Astor PI., New York. 15c. nese technicians with a microscope to examine specimens of sputum, and Peace Education in Your Church. show slides on bacteria. There were What one church has done to cultivate also pictures and posters showing the International Goodwill. Federal Coun- havoc of pathogenic germs. cil of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. Free. "On Thursday there was a mass meeting in the park and the generals National Committee on the Churches and leading men of the city spoke on and World Peace, 105 East 22d St., New cleanliness. York: "In the afternoon a public concert Making the Peace Pact Effective. was given in the park. Our nurses Reading and Study Course. 15c. put on a sketch showing a model Pub- lic Health Tuberculosis Center. 1st Second Study Conference on the scene: A clinic with doctors and pub- Churches and World Peace. Syllabus. lic health nurses in attendance; 2d l5c. scene: A nurse visiting an unhygienic home; 3d scene: a nurse visiting a A Message to the Churches from the hygienic home; 4th scene: A patient Second Study Conference. 5c. in a sanatorium being cured by hos- pital methods. A Message to the Churches from the Third Study Conference. 5c. "A few days later the annual Baby Welfare Week was held at the Y. W. National League of Women Voters, C. A. Talks were given on the feeding 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., of children from two to four years old. New York: There were object lessons in prepar- ing vegetables, fruits and cereals in The Root Formula and the World the way they should be eaten. The Court. 10c. mothers were deeply interested."

What Do You Know About Naval Dis- It can readily be seen that all this armament? 50. work is an important part of that min- istry of healing which is carried on in The Multilateral Treaty. 5c. the name of Him who went about "healing all manner of sickness and Other good and inexpensive pamphlets disease among the people." may be obtained from: Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, Federal Council of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York.

League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., New York.

National League of Women Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York.

National Council for the Prevention of War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

PUBLIC HEALTH WORK IN WEST CHINA A feature of the public service which has been introduced by tbe new Nationalist Government in China is the institution of a National Cleanli-

Gandhi

Educational Commission to India THE following facts concerning Mahatma Gandhi are from Sailen- THE Executive Committee of the dra Anth Ghose, a fellow countryman: Federal Council of Churches at its "Gandhi was born to luxury and ease. April meeting gave further attention His father was the prime minister of to the appointment of the American a native Indian state, receiving the members of the commission which is lavish emoluments f()r which India is to go to India for the coming winter famous. When he departed from the to study Christian education. The family home, however, to complete his British members of the commission education at Trinity Inn in London are Canon A. W. Davies and Dr. Nicol he dedicated himself to work, was Macniool. Dr. A. D. Lindsay of Balliol graduated with honors, and was adis to be chairman. The India members mitted to the bar. Gandhi and his are Dr. S. K. Datta and Dr. S. N. wife were each thirteen years old Mukarji. when they married. Since their adult life they have been constantly at each Dr. William J. Hutchins, president other's side. They have four children. of Berea College, and Dr. William Gandhi's mother was an orthodox Adams Brown of Union Theological Hindu and confirmed pacifist. It was Seminary, have accepted the invita- from her counsel that he drew the tion to be the American members of principles of which he has become a the commission. It is proposed that the great exponent."-Christian Century. American members shall sail from New York on October 22d for Eng- Industrial Missionary Work land where, after a week of conference with government officials and repre- I NDI~N ~hristians are increasing sentatives of missionary agencies, the rapIdly III numbers. All of them we,stern members of the commission cannot be paid preachers and teachers will sail for India, with the exception even if they were fitted for this work. of the chairmen whose departure, due And it would most certainly be a disto inescapable engagements, will be grace for all our Indian Christians to slightly delayed. It is anticipated that be supported by our American and the commission will complete its work English friends. This is the reason in India before April 1, 1931. why we have started the industrial work. We must train our Indian A carefully worked out question- Christians to be entirely self-supportnaire designed to secure much basic ing. information regarding the various institutions to be studied was sent out The industrial work is on its way to India and it is expected that the to be self-supporting, but when we replies from this study will be tabu- take in new converts who cannot tell lated in time for ,study by the com- the difference between a hammer and mission be:f'ore it reaches India. Thus a screw-driver, they need a little help a great deal of time will be saved for in the beginning. It is the ignorant the members after their arrival in ones who need training more than the India and a considerable item of ex- others. On the average six months pense obviated.

700

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training will make a man self-sup- venerable Christian who lived worthy porting. After this with a year or two of his high calling and in all he was more of training, he can earn a good salary to keep himself and take care and did brought honor to his brethren of a family if he has one. Then it is and his faith.-Indian Witness. our hope these trained and self-supporting Christians will support their Mr. Chelliah on India Christian pastor and help their more unfortunate feUow Christians.-Let- MR. J. V. CHELLIAH, vice-printer, W. K. Norton, Benares. cipal of J affna College in Ceylon and President of the United Church Historic Figure Passes in India of Christ in South India, brought RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH died in Simla on the 20th of May. He cheering news from India, en route was born in 1851 and was the second son of the late Maharaja of Kapur- to the C.ongregational meetings in thala. The present generation knew him as the Grand Old Man of the Bournemouth. He thinks the influence Christian community in northern India. At seventy-nine years he retained of Christ has swept far beyond the his courtly bearing and his interest in matters of vital importance to the church membership. "If there are Christian c.ommunity. For some years he has been quite naturally, 5,000,000 Christians in India meassomewhat withdrawn from the center of activities but in his day he was a ured by church membership, there stalwart figure in the religious and political councils of the land. must be 50,000,000 whose lives are in- Some twenty-five years ago he was fluenced by Christian ideals." He made a member of the old Imperial Legislative Council and has continued quotes a recent book by a Hindu auto hold membership in the Central Legislature. In honors he was abun- thority outlining Hinduism and indant. He was made C. I. E., and in 1900 was made K. C. I. E. The title cluding one great principle of Chrisof Raja was received in 1907 and the title was made hereditary in 1922. tianity after another, and thinks that Over a period of fifty years he was the conversion .of Hinduism to apa prime mover in the many brilliant functions and receptions that had prove the deep things in Christ goes taken place in Kaisarbagh. He was greatly honored and respected by his on apace. He knows many prominent associates for his sterling character. Hindus who gladly accept the beauty As a Christian leader he held positions of honor and responsibility in and the leadership of Jesus but who his own church, the Presbyterian, and outside. He joined heart and hand in hold back from the technical step of the labors of the men who did so much in the building up of Methodist insti- baptism and church membership betutions in Lucknow about the end of the last century and the beginning of cause of the persecution and social this. strain it produces with their Hindu We wish to bring our word of appreciation, to be added to those that neighbors.-American Board Quarwill be expressed by others, of this terly News Bulletin. .

ISLANDS ProcllUllation on Reunion ARECENT proclamation on reunion was made to the Church of Eng- land in Australia by official represent- atives of the Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational Churches in Aus- tralia. The statement opens with the greeting: "We rejoice in the noble vision of a reunited church, presented in the appeal to all Christian people by the archbishops and bishops assembled in the Lambeth Conference of 1920; and as duly appointed representatives of our several churches we are ready at all times as opportunity offers and as the will of our one Lord and Master shall be discONered, to give effect to

that appeal. The ideal of a church temptations that a work was begun 'genuinely Catholic, loyal to all truth, which has grown to its present promand gathering into its fellowship all ising condition. The work has far who profess and call themselves Chris- reaching possibilities, as the boys will tians, within whose visible unity all carry back to their heathen homes a the treasures 'of faith and order, be- knowledge of the Saviour. queathed as a heritage by the past to the present, shall be possessed in com- Much of the material for the church mon and made serviceable to the whole building was donated by leading busi- Body of Christ,' is an ideal true, we ness firms in Rabaul.-Baptist Misbelieve, to the will of God, and there- sionary Review. fore one for which we feel a deep and solemn obligation to strive." Sillim.an Institute, Philippines Methodists Extend Work T HE most influential Protestant In- stitution of learning is Silliman In- THE Methodist Episcopal Mis-sion stitute at Dumaguete, on Negros in Hawaii has extended its work Island. In location, acreage, buildto 95 preaching places. Twenty-three ings, equipment and sanitary arrangeof its workers are orientals. Three ment, this institution is a most new churches have been erected, and attractive contrast to the private unifive orientals were ordained recently versities in Manila. Its library of to the ministry. Four of these men 8,000 volumes administered by a are the definite product of missions trained librarian has been most wisely in Hawaii, having received their selected. Its finest building is devoted training through the Methodist Mis- to the teaching of the sciences. The sion or the Honolulu Bible training recitations heard by the Commission's school of the Hawaiian Board. Rev. representative were most ably con- B. T. Makapagal came to the islands ducted and the spirit that pervaded 15 years ago as a Filipino plantation the place was one of the finest he laborer. After some time he left the experienced anywhere. Moreover, fields and became a cook in a white throughout the Islands the Commisfamily. He opened a strange book-a sion heard only words of praise f()r Bible-which was lying on the table the graduates of Silliman Institute, of his employer and was so inspired particularly of those who entered the by its words that he became interested public schools as teachers. The Comin the Christian church, and after a mission expresses the hope that the few years developed into a strong supporters of Silliman may see their Christian leader.-Christian Century. way clear to give the funds neces-sary to enable it to expand its work and Indentured Workers Have a Church increase its usefulness to the people of the Southern Islands of the Archi- , NEW church building of European pelago. (Educational Survey of the Philippines, by Dr. Paul Monroe of ..tl. design was opened for indentured Teachers' College, Columbia Univer- sity.-Report, p. 512.) laborers of Rabaul, New Britain. Recruited from all parts of the mandated Silliman Institute is a brilliant conterritory, many natives who are serv- stellation in the educational firmament ing contracts in Rabaul have come of our country. Two decades of unfrom heathen districts. City life be- selfish laoors for the upliftment of wilders them, but they quickly adapt our youth constitute its record of themselves to vartous occupations. A service. Within that span of time, it new world opens to the majority of has earned its righteous place in the them. Unfortunately this congregat- front rank of private institutions of ing of boys brings to the surface the the land. She has a long phalanx of vices rather than the virtues of native graduates whose attainments and life. It was to combat new and subtle whose achievements attest unanswer-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ably to the quality of instruction given the Bible speak to us. We had no within the walls of this institution. prayer book, and none of us knew how to pray, so we just closed our Often have I marvelled over the eyes and talked to God." far-seeing vision and crusading spirit of philanthrophy that had actuated The total circulation of the Bible in the kind soul who in a land not his the Philippines since the establish- ,own founded this Institute in order to ment of the American Bible Society impart to our youth a culture and a in the Island in 1899 has been 2,616,- faith buttressed by upright moral 757 volumes. principles. Often have I admired the indomitable energy with which the CHINA primordial purposes of the Institute are being carried out by its persever- Chinese Flock to Manchuria ing director and faculty. Often, too, have I wished that our people in their "[;X)R many years two n<>table migrathirst for knowledge and truth had many benefactors like Mr. Silliman, .l' tory movements from China have not only among foreigners but also among our countrymen. – General been in progress. One has been from Emilio Aguinaldo. Fukien and Kwangtung to the Phil- ippines, Straits Settlement and Siam; What One Bible Did the other has been from Honan, Hopei and Shantung to Manchuria. The mi- COMM'ISSIONER OSIAS, Philip- gration to Manchuria has been with- pine commissioner at Washington, out equal in modern Oriental history. lists among the most helpful things It has greatly increased the populamissionaries have done in the Philip- tion of Manchuria. pines that of "translating and popularizing the Bible." A single instance In the last five years, Manchuria illustrates its penetrating and trans- has received about three million Chiforming effect. nese colonists, principally from Shan- tung and to a lesser degree from Some years ago a patient in the Chihli and other provinces. The an- Tagbilaran hospital was given a Tes- nual immigration in 1923 was 300,- tament. After recovery he took his 000; in 1926 the figures had doubled, Testament with him into the distant and from then on the inrush was such mountain barrio. Some time later a that no exact figures are obtainable. colporteur of the American Bible So- The South Manchuria Railway and ciety was trying to sell Bibles in a the Chinese Eastern Railway estinear-by hill town, but without suc- mates reveal that no less than one cess. An inhabitant said to him: million Chinese crossed the Gulf of Chihli in 1927. It is estimated that "If you want to sell that book, why during the year 1928, 2,000,000 Chidon't you go up into the hills to a nese went north into the "promised certain barrio, for there they are all land." asking for that book? There were only 3,000,000 people in The colporteur went, asked for the Manchuria a few years before the leader of the barrio and found he wa·s Russo-Japanese War. Now there are the man who had been in the hospital 27,000,000. at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, and The world's greatest population later organized them into a congrega- movement is now taking place in tion and regular worship was being China, says the Shanghai correspondheld every Sunday. Said he: ent of The Daily Express. Millions of Chinese, to escape the starvation "We had no teacher, s'o we just which i·s the outcome of years. of civil stood up and read the Bible before war, are swarming north into Manthe people and let it be our teacher. churia, where a vast new population We had no preacher, so we just let is filling the fertile but half-empty plains. Chinese make up 90 per cent of the present population of Man-

churia. Even the Manchu language, forms leading up to the tomb, which the language for two and one-half is an immense granite structure, far centuries of the ruling house, has more imposing than the tomb of vani,shed, and Mukden, the Manchu Washington at Mount Vernon. The capital, is a Chinese city. The Mon- Chinese are making Sun Yat Sen's golians from Inner Mongolia are like- tomb a place of pilgrimage and his wise absorbed by the Chinese, and picture hangs in every school in the they too speak the Chinese language. land. Every Monday morning patri- All customs and characteristics are otic exercises must be held in every Chinese.-W. H. Wang, in The China school in memory of hi·s services to Critic. his country. The exercises consist of singing the Nationalist Party song, Exercises at Sun Yat Sen's Tomb bowing three times respectfully be- fore the picture of Sun Yat Sen, read- THERE is a boulevard from the ing his will, and three minutes of city of Nanking to the imposing silence as the entire school remains mausoleum of one greater than royalty standing in meditation upon what Sun in the esteem of all patriotic Chinese Yat Sen has done and upon what the just now-Sun Yat Sen, whose body pupils may also patriotically do for was brought here about a year ago their country. fromPeiping and deposited with imposing ceremonies. The boulevard ex- I observed the ceremony in one of tends for about seven miles from the the schools. It is certainly impressive. Yangtze River across the city and Following the exercises, the principal country to the mausoleum of China's gave a resume of current events, infirst provincial President. It is about ternational and national, during the 60 feet wide, a vast improvement over preceding week, thus acquainting the the narrow crooked streets in many pupils with world affairs. Here was parts of Nanking. Yet its construc- a concrete illustration of progress in tion was the cause of many suicides China's educational method as conof people whose property lay in the trasted with that of a few years ago. path of the improvement, and which Let anyone who doubts whether was taken without any remuneration China is really awaking to present day whatever. Some, whose property was world movements go into some of the only partially absorbed, benefited by schools and see what is happening.- the improvement because of increased Letter, Rev. George H. Trull. valuation. The real sufferers were those who lost their all. They natur- Two Great Christian Colleges in ally resented the measure. So did those whose dead were buried in the Nanking path of the boulevard. They were ordered to remove the bodies and locate T HERE are two really great misthem elsewhere and no financial help sionary educational institutions in was given to do it. As a stranger Nanking, Ginling College for Women rides along this imposing highway and the University of Nanking. The today, he is not aware of the heart former has a campus of thirty acres aches caused by its construction. in the western part of the city. It is a beautiful situation and the dreams The day we visited Sun Yat Sen's of the founders of the college are betomb was Easter Monday. We were ing realized in the buildings that have not able to get up to the mausoleum already been erected. These are of itself because of patriotic exercises Chinese architecture with graceful that were being held by an immense lines and blending colors, and do not gathering of Boy Scouts and Girl offend the eye as do so many foreign Scouts from all parts of China. There structures on 'oriental soil. They are must have been several thousand of a part of China. The college is only them massed on the steps and plat- fifteen years old and began with nine students. Today it has an enrollment

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

many times the size of the original palling poverty, such utter distress as group and coming from many parts I have witnessed among those poor of China. It is not easy to enter Gin- unfortunate people in Shensi. A helpling. The requirements are equivalent ing hand is urgently required before to th()·se of the best women's colleges disease and starvation wipes out the in America. The five graduates of entire population of China's back-stay the first class were the first women -the husbandmen.' to be graduated with the B. A. degree for work done in China, forerunners "Sherwood Eddy, Y. M. C. A. Secof an increasing group of women lead- retary for Asia, stopped off in New ers in the sphere of culture and high- York en route to Europe. He said: er learning. 'I have just come from famine,r!ltr,ick- en China. China is in the most des- Less than a mile from Ginling is the perate need ()f all seventeen countries University of Nanking, organized in I have visited around the world this 1910 and one 'of the largest missionary year. The agencies that are spending colleges in China. Its library is one the money sent from America are givof the best equipped of any institu- ing thought to the wi£dom of a more tion. The campus covers an area of constructive plan of famine prevenalmost a square mile. I was particu- tion, which by means of irrigation larly interested in the constructive and roads will remove county after work that is being done in sericulture, county from the grip of famine forchemistry, forestry and agriculture, ever, if the necessary funds are forthand in its cooperation with the Nan- coming. I found the money wisely king Theol()gical Seminary in efforts expended and the need desperate. Now to improve the economic, social, and is the time to aid China.''' spiritual conditions of rural life. The library has a list of books applicable GENERAL to conditions and problems in China which it loans to rural workers. Un- International Council of Religious der the auspices of the University and with the cooperation of the National Education Christian Council and the China Chri·stian Educational Association, a T HE singing of that mighty hymn, conference was held some time since "Come, Thou Almighty King," by to consider an adequate program for the 5,000 delegate·s assembled in the the rural church and to bring rural flag and palm decorated Convention leaders into closer touch with the for- Hall of the beautiful eX1Josition estry and agricultural departments of grounds of Toronto, Ontario,' inauthe University, so that it might more gurated the 1930 quadrennial conveneffectively serve them.-Letter, Rev. tion of the International Council of George H. Trull. Religious Education.

Fa.m.ine in China From Hudson Bay to Panama, from British Columbia to Georgia, from the L C. ARLINGTON, a famine relief Maritime Provinces to California, • worker, writing from Sian, Shen- with missionaries from nearly every si, May 14th, tells of the death by star- field and national representatives from vation and typhus of 40,000 people out four continents, church school workof a population of 150,000 in 820 vil- ers had moved to Toronto for a week lages. Many people buried their chil- of fellowship, worship and education. dren alive rather than see them die from starvation. Mr. Arlington The city was host to a convention speaks of his fifty years of life among of this organization for the third time, the Chinese, during which time he having extended its hospitality to the has seen much tragedy, and says: 'I third convention in 1881, and again have never before witnessed such ap- to the eleventh in 1905. It was a striking symbol of the council's vi- 5 tality, growth, power and significance that the church which has been large enough to house completely all the de-

liberations of former conventions, the nearest missionary is 1,500 miles could this year serve only as a place away. There are 14,000,000 human of early morning prayer for groups beings in South America who have of delegates. never been visited by a missionary, Roman Catholic or Protestant. As Parallel with the sessions of the long as there are persons living and general convention were those of the dying without God or hope, the note Youth Council and ConferEnce of of urgency must be sounded.-Watch- North America. The Council was man-Examiner. comprised of 220 of America's choicest youth representing 36 different de- Three Denominations Find Points of nominations and groups, and coming – from 34 states and provinces. The Agreement conference enrolled 1,500 representa- tives of all denominations, groups, A JOINT conference of representa- :states and provinces. tives of the Methodist Episcopal Church North, the Presbyterian Their purpose, as the culmination Church in the U. S. A. and the Prot- 'Of more than a year',s study by thou- estant Episcopal Church, meeting at sands of youth throughout the con- Atlantic City, June 10-11, found "our- tinent, was to determine youth's pro- selves and the communions we repre- gram of study and enterprise for the sent in substantial agreement in their next four years. Their deliberations :f'ormal pronouncements." "1. So far centered about the adoption of six as other than theological and ecclesias- great themes: Jesus Christ, Christian tical facts were causes of the original conduct, worship and prayer, other separation of the bodies we represent, youth, Christian unity, a Christian we are agreed that they are no longer society. operative in any such degree as to block the way to an organic unity. 2. One hour spent with these young We find complete agreement upon the people and their leaders would have importance of the principle of the sep- heartened the most pessimistic with aration of church and state as guar- regard to the dependability, earnest- anteed in the constitution of the ness and capability of modern youth. United States. With emphasis differ- Working, some of them, from seven ing somewhat in our three bodies in the morning until one at night they upon the values attached to the va- were forging out the most thoughtful riou,s expressions of social and moral statements of their convictions, state- ideals, we :find the common conviction ments which when they appear will that the Church of Christ has a defi- awaken the admiration of their elders, nite responsibility not only to guide and challenge them in their service of the conscience of individual Christians youth.-Prof. Ralph D. Heim, Ph.D., but also to infuse through society the in' "The Lutheran." principles of God',s will as revealed in Jesus Christ. Utterances vf the Solemn Facts highest representative bodies in our three communions reveal, however, the I s THE day of Foreign Missions equally certain conviction that the over? There are 1,600,000,000 per- function of the Church is not to gov- sons on the earth today. Nearly 1,000,- ern or to seek to govern political ac- 000,000 have yet to hear the gospel. tion, but to further the influence of There are 42,000,000 unevangelized Christian principles in society. 3. in Japan. Chinese Turkestan is prac- Our three communions are as one in tically without a missionary. Tibet recogmzmg the authority of the is virgin soil. China constitutes a Church to back and guide the indi- tremendous challenge. Groups of be- vidual in the development of his lievers can be found in only a few Christian life and to exercise discip- villages and cities. Millions of Africa line in cases of violation of the funda- remain in ignorance of the gospel. In some regions of the Dark Continent

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mental precepts of that life. We find, man type which one could learn to however, that in all three communions read by feeling it with his finger,s. At the tendency is obvious t{) substitute sixteen he worked out his own system for such disciplinary methods as cul- of embossed letters and made a slate minate in excommunication, the meth- on which to write them. Later, while ods of love, persuasion and voluntary a professor in a school for the blind, penance as being more consonant with he invented the present system of our Lord's teaching." On the "impor- writing in raised dots, which is the tant moral questions of the day"-the standard printing for the sightless. Christian home and marriage, inter- The Bra ill e characters – different national peace. racial relations, indus- groups of six small raised dots-made trial and economic evils and ideals, the by pressing a sharp point upon stiff importance of religion in the field of paper-have opened up to all who caneducation – general agreement was not see, the infinite worlds of music, found in all three denominations. literature, and education. – L i v i n g Church. These "findings" are reported by Bishop Herbert Welch, President J. A Philanthropist's Will Ross Stevenson, and Bishop Edward L. Parsons, of the Methodist, Presby- T HE following extract from the will terian and Episc{)pal commissions re- of the late Clarence H. Kelsey was spectively.-ChTistian Century. printed without comment as an edi- torial in the New York Evening Post: Transcribing Braille "The bequests to the institutions A WIDESPREAD, unique, and in- named in the preceding paragraphs do creasingly important Red Cross not capitalize, in many instances, the service is the direct outc{)me of a sums which I have been giving to three-year-old French boy having them yearly for many years, and there entered his father's harness shop to are many other institutions to which play one day in 1812. This shop was I have been similarly contributing but in the village of Coupvray, twenty- to which I make no bequests. The three miles from Paris. Being as in- reason is not because of any change in quisitive as all children at his age, my interest in, or appreciation of, the little Louis Braille picked up one these institutions or the work that of his father's sharp tools. His small they are doing, but because my theory fingers could not manage it; it slipped, and practice of giving are inconsistent putting out one of his eyes. Sym- therewith. I have always felt that it pathetic inflammation set in, causing was better to give regularly and genthe loss of his other eye. erously from income rather than ac- cumulate principal with the expecta- Although for the next forty years tion of making large gifts at the end. this man was to know what Helen I believe that money set to work im- Keller describes as "traveling trackles'B mediately is better used than if acways, stumbling at noonday as in the cumulated with the intention of doing night," the accident was to make him great things with it afterwards. the blind's greatest hero. Louis These plans often are forg,otten or Braille was to make the blind see with fail to be carried out, and I firmly betheir finger tips. lieve that there is much greater satis- faction in giving mQney away as you How he became great is a story of go along than in keeping it and watchthe complete devotion of his inventive- ing it grow in your hands. Money ness to all those, like himself, who never catches up with time and good lived in darkness. When ten years old, done with a little money now may be Louis was sent to a school for the far greater than that done with a blind, encountering there not only a great deal more later on, and is more rich domain ,of literature, music, and sure to be done." mathematics, but also embossed Ro-

LATIN AMERICA the emancipation 'of the Mexican Notable Financial Success in Porto Methodists from the spiritual direc- tion of the American church. Rico The ·separation was brought about I N SPITE of the depression and dis- with the greatest cordiality and was couragement in Pow Rico last due to the fact that the Mexican Methyear, following the hurricane, the local odists felt the American religious procampaign for funds toward rebuilding gram did not conform to the aspira- St. Luke's IIospital, Ponce, exceeded tions and religious ideas of the Mexthe hoped-for goal of $10,000. The icans. It is reported the Methodist total am01;lllt needed, $100,000, was congregations in Mexico now total received, a large part coming from the more than 100, all of which will be Hurricane Relief Fund given by peo- affected by the new agreement. Preple throughout the Church. Bishop viously the churches were under the Colmore hopes the hospital may be direction of the Bishops of Nashville built before the end of 1930. The and New York. present much-patched building, with seventy beds, had 1,160 in-patients According to the agreement all the during the year. – P. E. Natiorutl Methodist congregations in Mexico Council Publicity Service. will be merged into one organization to be known as the Mexican Methodist Lutheran/! in Chile Church. According to Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, I N CHILE the Lutheran Church of Saxony maintains two Lutheran secretary of the Board of Foreign congregations totaling together more than 2,500 members. The congrega- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Mexican Bishop will be elected to lead the new Mexican Methtion in Valdivia, served by Pastor odist Church at a conference to be Wernicke, numbers 1,200 members, held here in September. Dr. Diffenand the congregation in Temuco-Vic- dorfer said the separation step meant toria, served by Pastor Klink, num- a new era for the Protestant religion bers 1,450 members served from thir- in this republic. teen preaching stations. In the course Bishop Francis J. McConnell, of of a year Pastor Klink covered 9,532 New York, and Bishop Warren Chanmiles in 149 days on the road, aver- dler, of Atlanta, attended the meeting. aging sixty-four miles a day. His -New York Times. travel from point to point.j,n his parish was by railroad, automobile, steamer, Governor Roosevelt on Porto Rico T wagon and horseback. The Lutheran HE island of Porto Rico is neither known nor understood by the vast Gotteskasten of Germany assists in providing support for the work.-Na- majority of our citizens in the United tiorutl Lutheran Council Bulletin. States. Many of them have no idea where it is. Since I have been here Mexican Methodists Form Separate I have had letters forwarded to me Body addressed "Porto Rico, Philippine T HE Mexican Methodist Church has Islands"; "Porto Rico, Central Amer- been established as an independent ica," or "Porto Rico, Cuba." One colreligious institution as a result of an lege graduate even addressed me as agreement signed July 8th. The "AmbassadQr Roosevelt, American Church thus becomes completely free Embassy, Porto Rico."

from the direction of the Methodist To grasp our problem it is neces- churches with headquarters at Nash- sary to have a glimpse of what Porto ville and New York. Rico is. We are a small island, only The decision for an .independent a hundred miles long by thirty-five church was taken at a meeting called miles broad. The country is a series expressly to discuss the question of .of steep hills belted by a coastal plain.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

We have 1,500,000 people, most of The death rate on our island from • whom are dependent on agriculture tuberculosis has more than doubled in for their living. This offers a great the last'ififteen years. According to problem, because not only have we a our Department of Health, it is now population density of more than four 301 to the hundred thousand-in other hundred to the square mile but in ad- words, more than four times as great dition, large tracts of unproductive as that of the United States. Last mountainous country. year there were 4,442 deaths reported During the last thirty years condi- from this cause, and there were doubt- tions have become steadily better in less many unreported. Probably to- Porto Rico. Education increased. day there are 40,000 Porto Ricans suf- Our health department was developed. fering from this disease. The root of Our public works of every sort multi- this trouble is malnutrition.

plied. Our island will turn the corner in Then the cyclone struck us and in the near future and with more indus- its trail came disaster for all. More tries and intensive cultivation, greater than 300 lives were lost and $80,000,- prosperity will be spread through the 000 worth of property was destroyed. rank and file of the people. But that The coffee plantations, on which the is the fl,lt,ure, not the present.-Herald greatest number of the small farmers Tribune Magazine.

depend, suffered most severely. Two or three years must pass before things JAPAN-KOREA are normal. Consecration of Beautiful Japanese Unemployment, either total or par- Church T tial, is present everywhere. Riding HE birthday of the Emperor of Japan (April 29) this year will through the hills, I have stopped at farm after farm where lean, underfed long be· Temembered by the Church women and sickly men repeated again people in the old city of Nara-it was and again the same story-little food chosen for the consecration of the and no opportunity to get more. From beautiful new Christ Church.

these hills the people have streamed The old structure was inadequate into the coastal towns, increasing the and finally declared unsafe. About already severe unemployment situa- fifteen years ago a beautiful piece of tion there. Housing facilities, of property was bought adjoining Nara course, are woefully inadequate. Six Park, which encloses the temples and or seven people sometimes live in one other sacred buildings of this ancient small room. In some of the poorer capital.

quarters I have seen as many as ten There is an interesting custom in housed in a make-shift board room Japan of planting it palownia tree not more than twelve feet square. Of when a girl baby is born; when she is course, disease had spread, for living married, the tree is cut down and made conditions of this sort always beget into her wedding chest. With this in disease. mind the cOIiI,gregation of Christ I have seen mothers carrying babies Church planted palownia trees on the who were little skeletons. I have new property with a view to using watched in a classroom thin, pallid, them in the new church they hoped to little boys and girls trying to spur build "some years hence."

their brains to action when their little The city Juthorities would not allow bodies were underfed. I have seen any building to be placed within close them trying to study on only one proximity to the park which did not scanty meal a day, a meal of few beans harmonize in style of architecture and some rice. I have looked into the with that of the temples. Ther.e.siiJt kitchens of houses where a handful is a pure Tempyo period (eighth c~tI:'

of beans and a few plantains were the tury) group of classical Japait~se fare for the entire family. buildings–church and parish hori~

beautifully adapted to Christian use. sense of spiritual need.-W. H. Mur- The wood of the palownia trees has ray Watton, in "Church Missionary been used in much of the decoration. Outlook."

The day of the consecration was Kagawa Meetings in Japan stormy, but the church was packed. The service was one of the most im- THE Kingdom of God movement has pressive ever held in Japan; the been formally launched in 50 or rector, the Rev. D. Yoshimura, was more centers of the nation's life. the preacher, Bishop Nichols read the From Kanazawa a Baptist pastor consecration service, and Bishop Mc- writes: "Mr. Kagawa spoke two hours Kim celebrated Holy Communion. and a half to an audience of about 1,200. The aisles were crowded, some Newspaper Evangelism in Japan sitting only a few feet from the speaker. One hundred and fifty-five T HE newspaper articles still ev()ke .signed decision cards. With those of a response which shows no sign of the previous night that made 273 new falling off. During December, Jan- decisions; and I think they were all uary, and February we had 2,500 more really honest about it, because the 18 requests for information about Chris- assigned to my church were all found tianity, which brings the total to over to be true decisions and nine of them 25,000. We could multiply these fig- are to be baptized next Sunday." But ures tenfold if we had the means to another side of the picture is shown in take the opportunities before us. the following testimony: "In my city, the mayor refused us the use of the The papers are realizing to an in- city auditorium on the ground that creasing degree that they must pro- Kagawa is a pacifist and does not make vide religiQus reading matter for the the imperial house the center of all public. As a result of the response his loyalties and theology. Following which our articles have evoked in the this lead, none of the schools would re- Tokyo Nichi-nichi newspaper we have ceive his message, which so often persuaded the proprietors to start a stresses the conservatism amid which weekly religious column. Of course we Iive."-Ch1istian Century. they decide ultimately what is to go into it, and insert Buddhist as well as Business Depression in Ja.pan Christian articles; but they are looking to us to provide them with Chris- CONDITIONS in Japan are far from tian material regularly, and have happy. Despite the return to the Qffered to hand over to us any letters gold standard, the financial and ecothat may come to them as a result of nomic structure of the country is still the articles. When it is remembered suffering from a decade of acute dethat this paper has a daily circulation pression. Overinflation at the end of of over a million, we can appreciate the World War presaged the decline. the significance of this new step. In The terrible earthquake of 1923 inthe meantime our regular short adver- flicted appalling losses. From neither tisement articles are continuing. The of these two disasters has Japan yet response to them is so big that we fully recovered. They have had their dare not stop. These, of course, have repercussion in social conditions-in to be short, and are generally of a the increase of unrest among the topical character. workers and the importation of Com- munist slogans by a small group of We find as a result of a study of agitators. At the same time farthe applications that reach us that reaching political changes have been over ninety per cent ()f those who in progress. Full manhood suffrage apply seem to belong to the younger has only just been put into effect, and generation, and about seventy per cent party government is developing along of the total to the otherwise unreached new lines.-New Yark Times. country population. Quite an appreciable percentage definitely state their

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korea Attitude Toward Japan The petitiDn shows that the endow- ment 'Of the Drganizqti.on consists 'Of I N KOREA, Japan has made almost $63,000 received in wills more than as brilliant a record in the material seventy~five years ago in which the development of the country in the donors directed that the inCDme be twenty years of its occupation from used for colonization. 1910 to 1930 as the United States has made in the Philippines in the same The application in the Supreme time. But, as in the Philippines, there Court was made necessary in 'Order tD is an almost unanimous demand for get permission to divert the income independence on the part of all edu- from the purpose f.or which the funds cated or awakened Koreans. They were originally intended. Dr. ThDmas make three indictments against Jap- Jesse Jones, WhD has been interested anese rule: (1) Its policy of "assim- in the education 'Of Negroes fDr ilation" or absorption, that would J ap- twenty years, signed the petition a·skanize everything and ignore or blot ing apprDval of apprDpriatiDns made out much that Koreans hold most 'Out of the funds 'Of the sDciety, 'Of dear; (2) the dictatorship of an auto- which he is secretary. – New York cratic foreign rule which makes all Times. the laws, appoints and holds all the chief offices themselves, and allows Position of WOlllen in Uganda much less liberty than in the Philippines or India; and (3) the economic T HE SynDd of 1930 will long be rediscrimination under which so many membered in the Church in Uganda impoverished Korean farmers are los- as one in which attentiDn was concening their land, while the Japanese reap trated 'On the po·sition of WDmen and the chief benefits in industry and com- 'On the cDnceptiDn 'Of Christian marmerce. The Koreans were left by riage. Two years before twelve WDmtheir own former government, that en delegates had been welcomed for was considered "the worst in Asia," the first time, but these were aU indolent and sadly divided among Europeans. NDW it has been decided themselves. But under the stern com- unanimously that at all future synDds pulsion of Japanese rule from without twelve African women shall have their and the inner impulse of a growingly place as members, and that three Christian civilization and education, women shall sit on the ruri-decanal Korea is making gratifying progress. councils. Japan will have to choose between making her like an embittered Ireland An epDch-marking decision was or like a prosperous and loyal Canada. reached about the rights of widows. -Sherwood Eddy, in "The Church- Hitherto they have been poorly proman." vided for as a rule. The synod agreed that the wife is the first to be con- AFRICA -sidered in the will 'Of a Christian man, and that not less than 'One-third 'Of the Would Spend $82,267 on Liberian prDperty ShDUld be left tD her.

Schools It is interesting tD note that the members 'Of synod included the kings BECAUSE colonization of Amer- of Buganda, BunyorD, and TDrD, the ican Negroes in Liberia is no katikiro 'Of Buganda and 'Of BunyorD, longer feasible, the New York State and other prominent African officials Colonization Society, organized in and chiefs, as well as clergy and lay 1855 to colonize "people of cDlDr of delegates. the United States 'On the coast of Africa, and thrDugh them civilize the The BishDp writes: "Such a body, African tribes," tDok legal steps in the educated and alive 'On mDral questiDns, Supreme CDurt, June 24, to spend and animated by the spirit of wisdDm $82,267 of its future incDme to aid and 'Of love, which is the Spirit of Liberia in education and sanitatiDn. GDd Himself, is and shDuld become increasingly an influence 'Of incalcu-

lable power in the country."-Church NORTH AMERICA Missionary Outlook. Twenty-five Years of Association Wonderful for Reducing Swelled Work Heads THE work of the Y. W. C. A. with K USITA, one of the oldest and Negro girls and women over a pe- staunchest of native Christian riod of twenty-five years was the subleaders in Sachikela, West Central ject recently for an interview of length Africa, was slowly sinking beneath the in the New York World. Since the chloroform administered by Doctors Negro girls and women have become Henry S. Hollenbeck and H. Veazie a part of the Y. W. C. A. the work has Markham, preparatory to a leg opera- grown from one center until today tion. A -steady stream of talk had there ar.e sixty-five branches, 150 issued from the old man's lips as the trained workers, 20,000 girls of teen anesthetic was taking effect. "Lord," age, more than 20,000 adults and 10,- he said, "it is not by their knowledge 000 girls employed in industrial and nor their skill that they are curing me, business pursuits to attest to its realbut by thy favor, Oh Lord. I trust ity and growth. Eva D. Bowles, who Thee to cure me and direct these is on the national staff and has helped doctors." Which, by and all, was not to integrate the programs so that the a bad point of view. – Missionary Negroes are included in all phases of Herald. the work, began her career approxi- mately twenty-five years ago. She as- Bantu Student Conference sumed her first position with the newly organized Y. W. C. A. for col- T HE Bantu -section of the Student ored girls in New York City. "There Christian Association of South is no way of authoritatively gauging Africa, held in June a representative the potent and wide-spread influence and interracial conference of students exerted by the Young Women's Chrisand other leaders of religious and so- tian Association among Neg roe s cial life. The purpose of the confer- throughout the nation in the last ence was to discover anew the mes- twenty-five years. Miss Bowles is sage and meaning of Christianity; to happy in the thought that the women interpret the will of a loving, active of her race have proved themselve-s God whose purposes for man go deeper capable of managing large budgets, of than surface appearances indicate; to being articulate in developing their determine how a knowledge of the will program in directing large staffs of of God through Christ may become workers."-American Friend. more effectively implicated in the practical problems of our life in South Lutheran Home MiS$ions Council of Africa; and finally to acquire, in larger measure, the secret of God's America gift of power, and to understand and obtain more of the adequacy of Jesus' THIS is the newest development in life and method of love. American Missions. The title i-s appealing-"Lutheran Home Missions The conference was representative Council of America." Five Lutheran of Bantu student life throughout bodies united to form it in Chicago, South Africa, and drew delegates from July 1st and 2d. Every vote after adjacent territories. In addition to thorough discussion was unanimous. the 150 Bantu students who attended We were conscious of the immediate there were present some 50 or 60 presence and guidance of God. European student.s from universities of the country. Early this year the Board of Amer- ican Missions of the United Lutheran Church issued an invitation to the presidents of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, Augustana Synod, United Danish Church, Joint Synod of Ohio

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and Iowa Synod to send representa- good or for ill, in the way it is tives to consider the advisability of transacted.

closer approach and cooperation in I propose that this convention create home missions in America. All of a special committee, or instruct the them responded favorably and ap- social service department of the ex- pointed delegates. They met in Chi- ecutive council, to make a thorough cago, and revealed a harmony of spirit investigation and study of the whole and clarity of vision which promise question of the church and industry great things. in this diocese, and to report their This is the plan; All Lutheran findings to the next meeting of this bodies in America are to be invited to convention. – From a Diocesan Ad- join the Lutheran Home Missions dress by Bishop Edwin A. Penick, Council. It is to be as widely repre- "Churchman."

sentative as it can be made. No group however small will be overlOl)ked. The Sununer Church Camps O field is the Western Hemisphere. Our NE of the most significant achieve- ments of the Brotherhood of St. aim is to establish and extend the Lutheran Church in Canada, the Andrew in recent years has been the United States including Alaska, the initiation and development of Church West Indies, Mexico, Central America camps for training in Christian leader- and South America. The possibilities ship. The object is to do two things.

are limitless. What an opportunity to First, to create a desire for leadership demonstrate Lutheran solidarity. – in the Church on the part of these Dr. F. F. Fry, in "News Bulletin" of growing young men. Second, to take National Luthemn Council. that desire and mould it and encour- age it in order to produce trained, Church in South to Study Labor deeply spiritual leadership in the DURING the past year North Caro- churchmen of tomorrow. lina has suffered from a notorious The methods used in these camps amount of undesirable publicity grow- are threefold; first, Sane Recreation; ing out of certain unfortunate inci- second, Sane Instruction; third, Sane dents in more than one industrial Religion. It is the testimony of centre. I trust that we shall not as- parishes, which have continuously sent sume that all is well and that trouble young men to attend these camps, that will never return again. they have returned bettered in every The fact is that industry is mi- way for their contacts made therein.

grating to the south and to the Pied- As one young man put it, "The camp mont section of the south. Oonditions stiffened my spiritual and moral back- of life and methods of work are chang- bone."-Living Church.

ing swiftly and with this economic transformation the church must keep Winner of the Spingarn Medal H pace. ENRY A. HUNT, Negro principal The problem is so enormous and so of the Fort Valley High and In- complex that expert knowledge in dustrial School, is the winner of the economics is required to understand sixteenth annual Spingarn Medal, some of its simplest ramifications. awarded to the American citizen of And yet it is a human problem. And African descent for "most distin- wherever human beings are concerned guished achievement in some honor- there is the interest and the business able field of human endeavor."

of the church. We refuse to admit The medal has been awarded to Mr.

that "business is business." We be- Hunt "for twenty-five years of modest, lieve rather that business like all cor- faithful, unselfish, and devoted service porate endeavor is ideally related to in the education of Negroes of rural the Kingdom of God for the simple Georgia. In the face of great difficul- reason that people are involved, for ties he has built up an excellent school

and has at all times advanced the cause The average attendance for the of hi-s race with tact, skill and in- Sabbath morning services in these tegrity." places shows a total -of over 27,000 persons; at the evening meetings The committee on award included: during the week the average attend- Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of ance is 8,550. At the women's meet- Porto Rico, and James H. Dillard, Di- ings during the week the average atrector of the Jeanes and Slater Funds. tendance is 8,200. Some of the con- -New York Times. gregations show an average attend- ance of from 300 to almo-st 900; for Home Missionaries Needed example, at Assiut (not including the college or the Pressly Memorial Insti- SEVERAL positions will be open in tute) the average attendance is 880; the fall under the Woman's Home at Nekhelia it is 600; at El Kom el Missionary Society. Among the most Akdar it is 410; and at each of tWG urgent calls are the following: Home Cairo cGngregations it is over 400. Economics teachers in mountain and N egr-o schools; an instructor in There are 117 'Ordained ministers science in a white schGol, who has had of whom 103 are pastors of CGngregatwenty-four semester hours work in tions. There are 31 licensed preachers science and twelve semester hours and 'Over 500 irregular teachers in the work in education, and whG can teach Egyptian Church. There are 10 c'Onphysics in 1930-31; a music and art gregatiGns in the city of CairG which teacher in a white school. A training have their own pastors and of these 5 school also needs an instructor in so- are entirely self-supporting; 281 Sabcial welfare and psychology who holds bath schoGls with 23,683 pupils and a Master's degree; an instructor with 1,067 teachers; 214 day and boarding a similar degree to offer theory courses schools identified with this Evangelical and supervise the demonstration school Church, of which 151 are for boys and in the department of kindergarten 63 for girls, with an attendance of education; also a teacher of either 12,263 boys and young men, and 6,940 public school art and voice, or teacher girls, i. e., a t()tal of 19,203, 'Of whom of the kindergarten demonstration 3,974 are M'Ohammedans. There are school and voice. Miss Muriel Day, 127 young pe'Ople's organizatiGns with 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, will a membership of 4,474. supply applicatiGn blank and further information. The total budget for carrying on all the w'Ork conducted by the Church in WESTERN ASIA Egypt amounts to over $420,000. It is true that this includes 'Over $250,000 Evangelical Ohurch in Egypt income from schools and which is not, therefGre, to be oonsidered as gen- I T MAY interest the Church at home uinely given for the support of evan- to have some of the following data gelistic work. Yet there is an expense concerning the Church in Egypt: of $150,000 for the conduct 'Of the churches, including 'Over $37,000 for There are 20,200 communicants in the running expenses 'Of the congrethe churches between Alexandria and gations and over $22,000 for the evanthe Sobat River in the Sudan. There gelization of districts from these conare fully twice that number who gregations.-Dr. R. S. McClenahan, in gather with these members, so that "The United Pre8byterian." one may think of this Protestant c-ommunity in Egypt as being from 50,000 Health Wagon in the Near East to 60,000. There are 451 centers of preaching, of which 126 are organized THE itinerant health service ()f the congregations and 325 are larger or Near East Foundation is a g'Ood smaller gatherings for w 0 r s hip, example of its welfare and educati'Onal usually without their church buildings w'Ork in Bible lands, which already has at the present time. Often the meetings are held in private homes, whether in the cities or villages.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been divided into some 21 projects. of the New Testament. They have Health wagons serve poverty-stricken, done it to compare the Christian doctorless and nurseless villages in Scriptures with the Koran, but the Armenia and Syria. Capable nurses, sword of the Spirit has entered the most of whom have been trained in heart of Islam. the American orphanage schools, combat disease and attack causes-insani- Treaty for Iraq Independence tary conditions, filth, physical neglect, ignorance, undernourishment. A wag- A HUGE financial burden is to be on visits 30 to 40 villages a month, lifted from the shoulders of Britgiving 5,000 to 8,000 treatments each ish taxpayers by the termination of a year. The nurses carry their own Britain's mandatory control of Iraq medicines, antiseptics, disinfectants, (Mesopotamia) . canned food, bedding, courage and cheer. They perform minor surgical A treaty was signed in Baghdad operations, set bones, treat ailments, July 1st by the British High Commisteach proper child care-one has ex- sioner and the Iraq Ministers, under tracted 484 teeth. Improved sanitary which Iraq will aut.omatically come and living conditions follow the into complete independence on entermonthly visits to the villages, where ing the League of Nations in 1932. the native home is often a windowless, The treaty provides that Iraq will aschimneyless, furnitureless stone-and- sume sole responsibility for its own Bod shelter for both family and cattle. affairs, for maintaining internal se- curity and, subject to the terms of the Four of these wagons are now in alliance, for the defense of the counoperation. Ten more are needed. The try against foreign aggression. Furitinerant health wagon service costs thermore, Britain will recognize the $225 a month; $665 equips a wagon; automatic termination of her manda- $490 pays a nurse's salary for a year. tory responsibilities as soon as the Near East Foundation, Cleveland E. treaty comes into operation. All Brit- Dodge, president, ha·s been incor- ish forces are to be withdrawn from porated at the request of the board of Hinaidi, a big air-force station seven trustees of Near East Relief to carry miles from Baghdad, and from Mosul on this and twenty other types of within a period of five years from the service to rural and refugee people in enforcement .of the treaty, when Iraq Bible lands. – R e cor d of Christian will lease to Britain three air bases Work. to the west of the Euphrates and Shat- aI-Arab. Moslems Read the Bible The treaty will be operative for T HERE never W3iS a time when twenty-five years, but any time after there was such readiness to receive twenty years a new pact may be neand read the printed page, or when gotiated for the safety of the main Moslems all over the Moslem world air routes and British imperial comwere so eager to posse·ss themselves munications. of Christian literature and to study it. The unrest in Islam today is un- Any disagreement is to be referred doubtedly largly due to the fact that to the Council of the League of Nathe Moslems have taken to reading, tions. and as they read they realize that they themselves and Islam are behind the The extreme Nationalists are not times and want to be brought up to satisfied with the treaty. Neither is date. The EI-Azhar University in the European business community. Cairo, the stronghold of Islam, has But moderate opinion here is that the purchased a thousand copies of the treaty is the method of moving from Bible in Arabic and a thousand copies the status of a mandated territory to independence. The religious minori- ties, Jews and Christians, want the British to remain.-New York Times.

EUROPE requests from some of the bishops overseas for guidance in the problems Proposed Protestant Credit Associa- with which they were confronted. At each succeeding conference the needs tion of the younger churches have de- manded increasing'attention, and it is THE Protestant churches of the not surprising that at the end of a Continent are gradually recover- decade of unparalleled growth, mo·st ing from the impoverishment caused .of the discussions will vitally concern by the World War, but the struggle the future of these younger churches. to maintain their churches and schools is still severe. To start any new work There was a time when the probwithout borrowing money for build- lems facing the younger and older ing operatIons and purchase of land churches were largely different, but is out of the question. Nowhere in that time has passed. Does the church Europe is money obtainable for less in India, China, Dr Persia feel that than 12 or 13%. In Poland 18% is Christian unity is essential if it is tD the rule. The Central Bureau of Re- bear witness effectively? The need lief of the Evangelical Churches of here is identical, although it seems Europe, in, Geneva, is working hard to be far too little recognized, especion the project of a Protestant Credit ally by the laity. A divided church Association w h i c h will furnish cannot meet the challenge of the preschurches and institutions with loans ent situation. at a moderate -rate of interest. Europeans are experienced in the handling To the C. M. S. has been given the of such cooperative enterprises, and privilege and responsibility .of sharwith some assistance from America ing in the building up .of the church in the raising of a capital fund, this in thirty-tWD dioceses overseas. We plan shDuld be successfully put thank God for the vigor and devotion through. It would be a great boon to of the younger churches; we realize the European churches, for many in- -something of their difficulties and stitutions and parishes, who.se needs their shDrtcomings, and pray that tD would scarcely justify emergency re- them, as to us, may come renewal of lief, are terribly hard up for lack of life through the power of the Holy an adequate plant. Spirit.-Church Missionary Outlook.

First Ordination of French Woman English Items THE first woman to be ordained a THE warm tribute paid by the Si- minister in French Protestantism mon Report to Christian missions was recently consecrated to the min- has given great pleasure to our misistry. sionary societies. Sir John Simon himself visited several mis-sion hos- Mlle. Bertsch has -served for three pitals and schools while in India on years as pastor of the Reformed the work of his Commission …… A Church of Mulhouse, showing so much writer in the Scots Observer points tact and capacity and fidelity that no out that Miss Amy Johnson's achieveobjection was raised against her or- ment would have been impossible but dination.-Record of Christian Work. for Foreign Missions. It was the pas- tor of a native church who sheltered Lambeth Conference and C. M. s. her when she landed at TimDr. What "T AMBETH 1930" claims a large if that had still been a cannibal is- land? …… The annual meeting of L place in .our thDUghts and the Conference of British Missionary Societies stressed the need of Chrisprayers this mDnth. The Conference tian literature for China and Africa. meets at a critical moment in the life -London Correspondence of T"M .of the Church here and .overseas, and Churchman. the responsibility of those who take part in it can scarcely be exaggerated.

The first Lambeth Conference was held in 1867, and owed its origin tD

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt ofprice.-THE REVIEW.

The Philippines Past and Present. By have been added by Ralston Hayden, Dean C. Worcester. 862 pp. $6. Professor of Political Science in the Macmillan. New York. University of Michigan. Two maps, 144 plates, a bibliography and six ap- The name of Worcester stands high pendices add to the value and attracon the roll of Americans who have tiveness of this monumental work, and rendered distinguished service to their a copious index makes its vast stores country and to other lands. When, in of information easily available for 1900, President McKinley decided to reference. appoint a Philippine Commission, the public at once felt that the eminent Jungle Portraits. By Delia J. Akeley. 251 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York. Professor 0:( Zoology in the University of Michigan would be appointed a member of it, for he had spent three It would be difficult to mention a and a half years in the Archipelago as more fascinating book of travel than a zoological collector half a decade be- this. The author made three expedifore it came under American control tions to Africa with her husband and so that he knew it better than any a fourth visit with no white comother American. He served as a mem- panions at all. In this volume she deber of the Commission for thirteen scribes some of the most interesting years (1900-1913) and for twelve experiences of these journeys-advenyears of that period he was Secretary tures with elephants, crocodiles, apes of the Interior in the Government. and pygmies. She penetrated far into He was an influential factor in the the heart of the Dark Continent, livlarge and important work of legisla- ing for weeks in native villages whose tion and reconstruction. He was a rude inhabitants had seldom, and in masterful and determined man and he some instances never, seen a white made some enemies; but no one ques- woman, enduring all sorts of privationed his ability and integrity as an tions, and passing through an astonadministrator, his thorough scientific ishing number of startling adventures knowledge of the Philippines and his and hairbreadth escapes. She tens the devotion to what he believed to be story in a remarkably graphic and their best interests. In 1914, he pub- interesting way and at the same time lished in two volumes the result of his makes a valuable addition to the observations and experience, volumes world's knowledge of African scenery. which were at once recognized as the fauna, flora and peoples, including the most complete and authoritative ac- elusive and little known pygmies. Few count of the Islands. chapters in any book of adventure are The present work is a revised edi- more thrilling than the account of her tion in one handsome volume of the night journey of many miles through original two-volume work. All the valu- the jungles to rescue her husband who able material in the former edition has had been wounded by an enraged elebeen retained but the record has been phant and deserted by his frightened brought down to date, a biographi- native attendants. She took many cal sketch of the author, who died photographs, fifty of which are reproin 1924, and four additional chapters duced in this handsome volume. In 717

spite of her nerve-racking experiences, in New England. His environment, this indomitable explorer is now in therefore, has been advantageous for Africa again, living among the pyg- writing such a story. The chapters mies and making a special study of which relate to the gold rushes, social their life, having undertaken this fifth and intellectual growth, and economic expedition under the auspices of the development are capital.

Brooklyn Museum. The author deems it necessary to correct the many misapprehensions What Is Lutheranism1 Edited by Vir- existent about the climate of Alaska.

gilius Fern. 307 pp. $2.50. Mac- When it is recalled that Alaska is in millan. New York. the same latitude as Norway, Sweden This is a symposium by twelve Lutheran writers all of whom answer and Finland, has a larger arable area the same question. As a result there is some repetition but not enough to than those three countries, and that lesson interest. On the other hand there are significant differences of they support populations running into viewpoint and emphasis and even of opInIOn. While claiming for Luth- millions, it can be seen that climatic eranism a unique unity the writers nevertheless admit the existence of conditions will not ultimately act a8 a differences among Lutherans which are unmistakably wider than some of barrier against the incoming of a the differences between the Lutherans who wrote this book and many non- large population. This is especially Lutherans. true in view of the fact that the reo The identical claims which these authors make for Lutheranism are sources of Alaska are opulent. made by many other Christians for their groups, and many a Presbyterian This volume may be commended to reading here would think that some fellow Presbyterian was setting forth those who wish to have within a rea. their common Presbyterian faith, when as a matter of fact the writer sonable compass an authoritative his.

tory of this possession of the United States. The story of the purchase of Alaska is well told and reads like a romance.

In such a fine volume as this one regrets to find that the silly legend relating to the undue influence of early Presbyterian missionaries at Washington is given so much cre- dence. A. J. MONTGOMERY.

is claiming something which he re- A Padre in Paraguay. By C. E. Newbould. gards as peculiarly and only Lutheran. 192 pp. $2.40. Macmillan. New York.

One is struck by the expected em- This volume contains the narration phasis on the death of Christ and on by a Church of England clergyman of justification by faith, but by the un- his experiences in Argentina, Para· expected neglect of emphasis on the guay and southwestern Brazil during Resurrection. Some of the writers do the twenty years he spent there. He not mention it at all. The affirmations tells of his contacts with the British and inclusions of this volume are in these regions and among them a noble, but its denials and exclusions group of Englishmen who, having are a sad indication of how little after tried a socialistic venture in Australia, all we really know of one another in settled in the wilds of Paraguay. Of the evangelical household. interest to American readers is the ROBERT E. SPEER. author's point of view regarding the Roman Catholic clergy in South HistorY of Alaska. Henry W. Clark. America and his pleasant encounters $2.50. Macmillan. New York. with them.

This modest volume of about 200 He describes his experiences among pages is easily the best modern his- the Indians, explaining many of their tory of that neglected territory. The ancient customs and traditions in a author was born in Alaska and trained most ~ympathetic way. His style is

BOOKS WORTH READING

interesting and intimate, since the missionary, we find the same mingled book is issued "chiefly for his many strength and tenderness that General friends," as we are told in the preface. Gordon had, and rare skill and devo- The atmosphere of remote places is tion in dealing single-handed with the well conveyed to the reader. A chap- wild children of barbarism.

ter describing life in a Brazilian min- ing town is especially impressive. The Lady Missionaries in Many Lands. By E. book is apparently intended for Brit- R. Pitman, $1.

ish readers. It contributes little in- Tells in a bright, readable way the formation concerning Latin American life stories of Ann H. Judson, of Bur- life. S. G. INMAN. mah; Mrs. George Johnston, of the West Indies; Mrs. Samuel Gobat, of Two Pioneers: Life Sketches of Thomas Abyssinia; Mrs. Wilkinson, of Zulu- and Mark Botham of the China Inland land, and Mrs. David Cargill, of the Friendly and Fiji Islands. Mission. By Mrs. Mark Botham. Il- lustrations and map. 168 pp. 58. Mar- shal!, Morgan & Scott. London. 1929. In the Land of the Santals. By Mathew A. Pederson. Revell, New York. $1.25. There is something fascinating and challenging about these sketches of A story of people in North India, two pioneers, father and son, in the describing their lives and customs in far northwest of China. Both were an interesting way. sturdy trail blazers, the former open- ing up that part of China to the Gos- pel in the "'80's" and "'90's" of the BRIEF MENTION last century, the latter constituting the Among the smaller books that have vanguard of specialized missionary ef- recently been published several are fort in behalf of the millions of Chi- now upon our desk that deserve mennese Moslems for whom nothing tion in this department of "Books adequate has even yet been done. The Worth Reading." passionate zeal and unremitting labors of these heroic souls consumed their THE EASTERN COLOUR OF THE BIBLE physical powers before either had (Revell, New York. $1.20), by George lived half the normal span of human H. Scherer, Secretary of the Bible life. But their lives, lived on a lofty Lands Sunday School Union for Chrisspiritual plane and invested in the tian Education, is a well written and noblest of enterprises, bore rich fruit- helpful account of the lives, customs age. The aged widow of Thomas and spirit of the men and women of Botham and a sister of Mark Botham the Old and New Testaments. are still serving devotedly in the China Inland Mission in that distant RED MEN ON THE BIG HORN (Jud- Chinese province of Kansu. The book, son Press, New YQrk. $1) is by Coe written by the widow of the younger Hayne, the well-known Secretary of Botham, displays literary talent, and the American Baptist Home Mission presents interesting pictures of Chi- Society and Chairman of the Joint nese life in the interior and useful Committee on Literature of the Home information about the little-known Missions Council. He tells in a graph- Moslems of that region. A foreword ic way the story of the famous chiefis supplied by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. tain, Swift Eagle, based on legends of the Crow Indians as told by Chief R. H. GLOVER. Plenty Crows to his son. The book is full of human interest and is attrac- Captain Allen Gardiner. By Jesse Page. tively illustrated.

80 cents. IN THE WAITING ISLES (Judson A splendid story of a radiant life Press, New York. $1.25) Charles S.

entrusted with the souls of men living Detweiler, Secretary for South Amer- in ignorance and superstition. In this ica of the American Baptist Home fine naval officer who became a great Mission Society, has described his

rich and varied experience as a mis- accept their share of responsibility in sionary among Spanish-speaking peo- making that ideal a reality; and for ples. No man better knows Cuba, all who believe in educating for peace.

Haiti, Porto Rico and the adjacent The eifectivenes,s of many sermons islands, and we do not see how any- and of many addresses at conferences one could have presented their salient and other meetings is so frequently characteristics and their religious marred by faulty delivery, that every- needs in a more cogent way. one who is called upon to preach or INDIA LOOKS TO HER FUTURE speak should read SPEAKING IN PUB- (Friendship Press, New York. $1) LIC, by Arthur Stevens Phelps, (Richis from the competent pen of Oscar ard R. Smith, New York. $2). While MacMillan Buck, Professor of Mis- the book is intended primarily for sions and Comparative Religion in ministers, its wisdom and breadth Drew Theological Seminary. Those make it a good book for all public who do not have the time or inclina- speakers. The author writes out of tion to read the large books on India, long and successful experience as the and who are confused by the conflict- Professor of Public Speaking in the ing reports in the daily press, will find Berkeley Baptist Divinity School.

in this compact little volume just the "AAYI"-GLIMPSES OF ROSALIE HAR- reliable information that they desire. VEY, by A. Donald Miller. (45 pp. Pa- The Church Mi,ssionary Society of per, 50c. Mission to Lepers. London.) the Church of England has set a good This little booklet is a sympathetic example to other missionary boards account of an honored missionary of in publishing the story of its mission- the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission aries' work in the year 1929-1930 in in India, who has labored in a spirit an attractive little volume under the of beautiful devotion for those whom title PRESSING FORWARD (C. M. S., the author calls, "her friends, the London. 40c). lepers."

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL THE MADCAP FAMILY, by Amy Le CHURCH (Presbyterian Board of Feuvre (Pickering and Inglis, London. Christian Education, Philadelphia. $1) is another volume in the Golden 75c paper, $1 cloth) is a suggestive Crown Library Series of books for application of Christian principles to children, the object being to present the problems of rural life, by Ralph the Christian life in the form' of an A. Felton. It presents a large and interesting story. It is an excellent varied amount of information and is book for the Sunday-school library and conveniently arranged for use as a for home reading to boys and girls.

textbook. The following five books are from the publishing hou,se of Pickering and EDUCATING FOR PEACE (Pilgrim Inglis, London, all written from the Press, Boston. $2), by Elizabeth Mil- viewpoint of the verbal inspiration ler Lobingier and John Leslie Lobing- and inerrancy of the Bible and for the ier, is an excellent book for teachers purpose of strengthening faith and who want their work to count in the devotion. cause of world friendship; for parents who want international-mindedness THE INSPIRATION AND ACCURACY OF reflected in the home atmosphere; for THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, by John Urministers who desire to see the church quhart, ($2), discusses the Scripture become an educator for world peace; doctrine of inspiration, the genesis of for church school workers who desire rationalism, and critical results tested to include in the religion they teach by modern discovery. THE GOSPEL OF the most vital problem in the world THE BIBLE, by W. E. Vine, M.A. ($1), today; for the rank and ,file of patri- deals with the central evangelical otic citizens who cherish the ideal of themes of the Bible and the manner world brotherhood and are ready to in which they should be taught. DIF-

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1930

~(JOu,rtc8V oj EcolcBia8ticai Dcpartmenl.. TijJa-ny Studioa, New

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DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Req USibtOO T CALL TO EASTER PRAYER HERE is special reason why Easter this year should stress the meaning and message of the risen Christ to the whole world. Never in our generation has the need been more clamant; never has it been more evident that the evangelical Gospel, and that alone, can solve the grave problems of our time.

And yet at this very time, the validity of religion is being widely questioned, and the words of our Lord, in Matthew XXIV, are again being fulfilled that "many false prophets shall arise, and I shall lead many astray; and because iniquity shall be multiplied, the love of the many shall wax cold."

In these circumstances, we are glad to call attention to the fact that The Foreign Missions Conference of North America is "earnestly urging mission boards and societies to reemphasize evangelism as the vitalizing spirit permeating and directing all their policies and activities at home and abroad." In the inspir- ing fellowship of this service, let us "solemnly renew allegiance to our Lord, and call all our fellow members of the Protestant Churches of North America to a more sacrificial obedience to Him and to a large sharing of the risen, living Christ with all mankind." Will not all the readers of the REVIEW join in the prayer "for a fresh and world-wide induement of power from on high, issuing in great revival of Christian witnessing throughout the Church Universal." A. J. B.

Please mention THE ~l1SSIONARY REYIEW OF THE 'VORI.D in writing to advertisers. PERSONAL standing leader in many activities of this church, died December 2, 1929. MRS. EMILY S. DING, wife of the Presi- dent of the Anglo-Chinese College at ** Foochow, China, is in America, speaking in the interests of American understand- BISHOP CHARLES P. ANDERSON, of the ing of Christian Chinese ideals. diocese of Chicago, died January 30th. Bishop Anderson's two master objectives *•* were church unity and universal peace, He hoped that Roman, Eastern Orthodox, DR. SAMUEL L. MORRIS, secretary of An'dican and all Protestant communions the Executive Committee on Home Mis- might ultimately unite on the basis of sions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S., faith and order. has retired from active service after many years of labor. COMING EVENTS ** April 23-25-RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Asso- CIATION, Cleveland, Ohio. THE REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.O., has been elected president of the Home April 25-May I-NATIONAL CONVENTION, Missions Council for the sixth consecu- Y. W. C. A., Detroit, Mich. tive term. November 30th, he retired from the secretaryship of the American April 29-30-EDITORIAL COUNCIL OF THE Baptist Home Mission Society after RELIGIOUS PRESS, Washington, D. C. twenty-one and a half years of efficient service. May 7-COLORED METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Louisville, Ky. ** May 7-GENERAL CONFERENCE, METHOD- The REV. JOHN A. MOREHEAD, D.O., IST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SourH, Dalexecutive director of the National Lutheran Council and chairman of its Eu- las, Texas. ropean Commission, has resigned to devote full time to the work of the Lu- May 7-9-CHURCH AND DRAMA LEAGUE, theran World Convention of which he New York, N. Y. is president. May 22-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBY- *** TERIAN CHURCH IN THE U, S., Char- REV. ERNEST M. WADSWORTH of Buf- lottesville, Va. falo, N. Y., has been chosen Director of the Great Commission Prayer League of May 25-RuRAL LIFE SUNDAY. Chicago, to succeed the late Thomas E. Stephens. May 28-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Des Moines, ** Iowa.

The REV. FRANK D. GAMEWELL, D.O., May 29-GENERAL ASSEMBLY, PRESBYwho recently retired as Associate Secre- TERIAN CHURCH IN U. S. A., Cincintary of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, has returned from China after nati, Ohio. a year's study of conditions there. He first went to China forty-nine years ago June 5-10-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED as an educational worker. CHURCH IN AMERICA, Asbury Park, N. J. ** June 6-14–NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DR. GEORGE A. SIMONS, formerly SOCIAL WORK, Boston, Mass. superintendent of Methodist work in Russia, has re5igned as general secre- June 11-15-AFRICAN METHODIST EPIStary of the American-European Fellow- COPAL ZION CHURCH, New York, N. ship. ' Y. *** June 16-20-AsSOCIATION OF EXECUTIVE HENRY T. HODGKIN, British Quaker and an executive of the National Chris- SECRETARIES OF COUNCILS OF tian Council of China, is to direct a new CHURCHES, Chicago, Ill. Quaker educational institution to be opened next September in Philadelphia. June 17-24-WORLD'S COMMITTEE, Ge- The purpose of the school includes the neva, Switzerland. application of religion to social and industrial problems. June 23-29-INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Toronto, OBITUARY Canada.

THE REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D., for- August 5-10–WORLD'S CHRISTIAN ENmerly a secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for seventeen DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Geryears, and a charter member of the many. . Near East Relief, died in New York, January 21st, after a long illness. August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- VENTION, Chicago, Ill. ** August 19-24-GENERAL CONFERENCE, MRS. LUKE JOHNSON, a member of the Woman's Board of Home Missions of the SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, Sa- Sonthern Methodist Church and out- lem, W. Va.

September 14-17-EvANGELICAL BROTH- ERHOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., NATIONAL CONVENTION, Cleve- land, Ohio. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD The Life-Story of the Greatest Missionary Since Livingstone 1}J<,r..'.'.~ T•. l'umHOX. l':dUoY .ltTH['lt .1. UHOW~. i';dito"r JO)' 19"~O Dan CONTENTS-APRIL, 1930 Craw-ford FRONTISPIECE – Page Missionary and Pioneer CHRE ':fAllY AT THE SEPUJ.. – in Central Africa WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBU- By G. E. Tilsley, F.R.6.S. 'l'IONS DECLINED1-A SYMPOSIUM 245 NEW AND OLD IN THE NEAR EAST- Jean Mackenzie says TRAVEL LETTER NO.2 ……. . .••••••••••••• DELAVAX L. PIERSON 258 ·'His biographer knows how to use Dan Crawford's extraordinary Journals and how A MORAL MIRACLE •. SHERWOOD EDDY 266 to t'mbody them in a rich and fascinating r(·cord." Profusely] llustrated, $(1.50.

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TOPICS OF THE THtES ……….. . 288 Charles Allen Clark, D.D.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE REVIEW The Korean Church and the Nevius Methods RETIREMENT OF DR. CHARLES L. The ll}ost compJete history of the Presbyte~ VHITE rian Mission in Korea yet written, which all THE NAVAL CONFERENCE Foreign Boards, together with all who ":MOTHER INDIA" AGl'l'ATIO~ ST[LJ~ strength{'u their hands, may study with en- courageDwnt and cOJlspieuous profit. $2.50. BURSI:NG CHIEF JUSTICE TAFT M. A. Pederson )1ETHODS FOR WORKERS In the Land of the Santals ..•..• EDITED BY MBS. F. I. JOHNSON 292 StoriE'S which bring the day's work of a WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- jungle missionary in "the elbow of the SION BULLETIN •…•.•.•.••… 299 Ganges," a little closer to the people of the hom~land. $1.25. WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ….. 305 J. R. Saunders, Th.D. BOOKS WORTH READING …••..•••• 31g China's ChUdren TERMS.-$2.50 8 year. ($2.00 In clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cellts. Single copies, Ill'. Sidne-y L. Gulick says: "Dr. Saunders 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, bas a gift for giving a large amount of worth-while information in brief space." 1930. by MrsSI0NARY REVIEW PUBLISHDW COM- ] llustrated, $1.25. PANY, INC. All rights resery~d. Stella Rudy THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANy. INC. Rainbow MiSSionary Stories ROBlDRT E. SP~ER. Pre81dent Written expressly to interest chtldren in YU.L[AM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vioc-President missions and missionary effort, and in the little folks of otbrr hmds. $1.50. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretarv Edward Seaman WALTER McDOUQA'~L. Trefl.8urer Peter, Bingo and Those Others Pu~I1cat1on Office. 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, Pa. 21lc a copy. $2.50 a year. This charming little ::;tory lells uS all about :7ihr 'wh~~ ~~negObo~n~tr~c~li~~O~~r~r~l;~~~r~ anceship. $.60.

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LIII, No. 4, April

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO..,-~~,,~ WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

A Symposium O UR readers have doubtless JOHN W. WOOD, D.C.L., noted the following state- Secretary, Department of Missions, ment in the January num- Protestant Episcopal Church.

ber of the REVIEW: The following may be among the "Surveys of eleven denomina- reasons for the decline in gifts for tions by Charles H. Fahs and missionary work abroad: Charles Stelzle show that contribu- 1. Increasing secularization of life tions in many denominations have and thought in the United States, with been steadily falling off since the consequent emphasis upon personal peak year of 1921, and that where pleasure and material welfare.

there has been advance, it has not 2. Inaccurate or misunderstood state- been commensurate with the in- ments made by some missionaries crease in membership and nowhere and other Christian leaders, with re- gard to the good features of non- near the increase in the money ex- Christian faiths and culture. This pended on church buildings. Mean- leads to diluted convictions or even time, unprecedented sum s are frankly expressed doubts as to the being poured out on educational in- uniqueness and universality of the stitutions in America." message for the revelation of which We believe that the reasons are our Lord became incarnate.

temporary and that the remedy is 3. Events in China during the past available and adequate. But it is five years have led many people to important that the reasons should think that the Church's task is hope- be understood and the remedy less in that field and if that is true made clear. there, why not everywhere. 4. The merging of a number of in- In order to secure broadly rep- terests and causes in the same appeal.

resentative opinions we sent to This usually results in giving local representative pastors, secretaries, projects first place in the thought of laymen and women the following people.

questions: 5. The tendency to emphasize the 1. What do you believe to be importance of meeting quotas or bud- the reasons for the decline in gifts? gets, which to most people are utterly impersonal, rather than the importance 2. What remedy do you suggest? of making our Lord known and help- Their replies follow: (EDITOR) ing people to relate themselves to 245

Him and to accomplish great tasks in and suppose that this means also that His Name. Christianity is no longer wanted and that missionary efforts are of doubt- The statement of the foregoing rea- ful use. sons carries with it the suggestion of the remedies. 3. The so-called apportionment sys- tem in our Church, whereby the total W. RUSSELL BOWIE, D.D., budget for all missionary maintenance is divided among the dioceses and sub- Rector of Grace Protestant Epis- divided among the parishes and dealt copal Church, New York. with as a single financial sum, has been successful in simplifying the As to the reasons for the recent de- church business detail, but it has had cline in gifts for the work of Christian the disadvantage of blurring the Missions, I can answer best if I speak knowledge which church people should specifically of the work of our own have of definite missionary fields and communion. The reasons, I believe, the workers in them. In the old days why the gifts of our people to our Mis- when missionary bishops and others sions of the Protestant Episcopal had to raise needs largely by direct Church have recently declined are missionary appeals, conditions were these; very haphazard and even heart-break- ing, but for the congregations to 1. In the years immediately follow- which the missionary went there was ing the War, the experience and will- a chance for a kind of interest which ingness of people to cooperate in large is not so easily created when people organized efforts was made use of by are simply giving into the missionary the launching of the so-called Nation- treasury to be distributed in a miscel- Wide Campaign. Through a campaign laneous budget. of intensive education and of systematic appeal for gifts, the receipts for You ask, also, what remedy I would missionary work were very greatly suggest. I know of only one, and that increased. Many people, however, is education, and more education. We imagined that this was a particular need more addresses in our churches effort for three years, and after the by those men who are not merely doinitial enthusiasm had passed, the re- ing good missionary work but have sponse of some began to slacken. I the ability to tell of it compellingly, think the Church failed to continue and we need a more successful method successfully the process of education of bringing our men and women towhich, for a time, had been well begun. gether for missionary study and con- ference under leaders who can tell I fear, also, in church circles, as in them what missionary work means other spheres of our national life, and what it is doing. there was a tendency to react from the high tension of the war years and HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., to follow the popular mottoes of "Back to normalcy" and "Business as usual." Pastor Shadyside Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2. The recent unrest in China, which was one of the most conspicuous The missionary enterprise is the and successful missions of our Church, thermometer of the Christian Church. has pervaded the minds of many peo- There can be no doubt about it. The ple with the idea that conditions are church at home can be judged by its so chaotic and the results of mission- missionary passion. When the fires ary work so uncertain that the whole on the home altars burn brightly then missionary enterprise is in question. we know that the light is shining far People do not reason clearly about beyond her borders. If missionary this, and do not stop to separate one enthusiasm is low, then it is because mission field from another, but are af- the ~l1UrCp at pome pa~ IQst it§] Zeq). fected by the general thought that the native peoples in various lands are r~bellinl' again~t western civilizatjon~

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

Dr. Alexander Duff, whose name is motives which are not undergirded by associated with India, wrote: "There the love that was born at the cross of was a time when I had no care or con- Christ. The Christian Church is recern for the heathen. That was the flecting the low standard which has time I had no care for my own soul. laid hold upon the life of the people But by the grace of God when I began and has not challenged the social orto care for my own soul I began to der of our own land by the supernatcare for the heathen too. And in my ural and divine mandate of the Gospel. closet on my bended knees I said: "Oh Lord, thou knowest silver and One thing will help. The Church gold have I none for this cause. What at home needs clear-cut evidence from I have I give; I offer myself; wilt the mission field that the Gospel of thou accept the gift?" This has been Christ is the power of God unto salhistorically true of the Church of vation. Personally, I believe that this Christ. When it was selfish and self- evidence is in our hands, but our centered then it was without the mis- imaginations are dulled and we have sionary flare. It was at the door of a eyes and see not. The Church's genself-sufficient, worldly and wealthy erosity, however, cannot Jive forever church that the risen Christ stood on the missionary sacrifice of the waiting for entrance, saying: "Be- great pioneers. The passing generahold, I stand ,at the door and knock," tion was fired in its missionary enand it was upon that church that He thusiasm by the daring deeds of pronounced the most dreadful of all Livingstone and Paton, Carey and judgments: "Because thou sayest, I Morrison, Judson and Chalmers. The am rich and increased with goods and Church today needs fresh evidence. have need of nothing; and knowest Too frequently from missionary leadnot that thou art wretched and mis- ers it has asked for bread and has erable and poor and blind and naked." been given instead the cold stones of economic situations and political ma- One thing and only one is needed. neuverings. The Church will listen The Church in America needs to be to evidence. The heart of the Church baptized into the conviction that the will respond to the things of the spir- Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is it. When the Church hears from the supreme and final. The Church must lips of inspired missionary prophets recapture the urgency of its own mes- the story of lives redeemed and sins sage, Many things have transpired forgiven through the power of the to weaken the conviction and to slack- conquering Christ, there will be no en the step of the messengers. There lack of enthusiasm in money or life. has been a growing religious toleration throughout the church at large, AUSTEN KENNEDY DE BLOIS, D.D., and this is well. There has been an appreciation of the good in other re- President, Eastern Baptist Theologligions, and this, too, is well. On the ical Semina,y, Philadelphia. other hand there have been reiterated and insistent attacks upon the Chris- 1. The missionary enterprise was tian position. It is not Foreign Mis- once regarded as predominantly evansions that are under fire; it is the gelistic. The heathen wcore utterly whole Christian position. The ques- lost without Christ; they must be tion is being asked of Christians as rescued. A passionate faith in evanit was asked of old: "Where is now gelical truth and in the necessity for thy God?" There has been a lowering its instant promulgation lay at the of the sense of values growing out of heart of things. Recently so much a vulgar use of wealth, and a more has been said about social and educaflagrant display of things that are tional work that the flaming message material. We are facing, too, the of the evangel has been obscured. The powerlessness of merely altruistic good should be made subordinate to the bEst. The grand appeal has been

weakened. This criticism is based on part of the churches, if adequate mis- numberless talks with lay members of sionary enterprises are to receive the the churches. While profoundly con- inner quickening of the Spirit for scious of the great need and value of triumphant world-wide evangelization, educational and other agencies on that I find it difficult to put into a few mission fields I am sure that somehow sentences my conception of the reasons we have lost our sense of values. for the present-day apathy-I might almost say apostasy. 2. Substituting budgets and systems for the ancient reliance on powerful RALPH W. SOCKMAN, D.D., spiritual pleas and the exercise of the privilege of voluntary giving to spe- Pastor Madison Avenue Methodist cific objects has had its inevitable Episcopal Church, New York. effect. People do not make wills in favor of budgets. They do not give In answer to question one regard- enthusiastically to general beneficence. ing causes, I would mention: Direct and personal factors have been retired to make room for efficiency 1. A reaction from the burst of projects. The clang of the wheels idealism which followed immediately drowns the voice of the Spirit. The after the World War. The high ex- collapse of the New World Movement, pectations of world peace and the in- specializing in "Big Business" meth- tense interest in its promotion suffered ods, with the payment of millions of greatly after the collapse of cGrtain dollars for the debts of that organiza- programs. tion, should have warned us. Today multitudes of people who have lost 2. The growing feeling that races faith in the regular missionary and nations should have self-determi- agencies are giving to independent and nation in religion as in political and undenominational societies. social administration. Many argu- ments are heard to the effe~t that 3. An era of prosperity is seldom these races should be allowed to work a period 01 enlarged giving. It carries out their own salvation. many and subtle temptations. In this mechanistic age, serving wealth and 3. The belief that new churches pleasure, the churches naturally turn should be given the test of standing to such self-pleasing ideals as the on their own feet and thus proving building of handsome and comfortable whether our previous missionary work houses of worship rather than to the has been of value. salvation of lost souls, whether in our American cities or ten thousand miles 4. The lack of interest in extending away. denominational distinctions to foreign lands. This represents a rather un- The conditions suggest the remedy. thinking attitude on the part of those A reawakened faith in the central cer- who have not informed themselves on titudes of the Gospel, fervent prayer the modern manner of missionary pro- for the millions abroad and at home motion. whose only hope lies in Christ, and a rededication of preachers and people 5. The enervating effect of many to the supreme task of world evan- world travellers who bring back gengelization, is the only cure. All other eralizations of missionary failure panaceas are second-rate and super- based on very partial observations. ficial. There is absolutely no other way to victory. We must return to 6. The competition of concrete and the Cross. pressing philanthropic and religious I feel so keenly and intensely the enterprises at home. supreme need for a return to the simplicities and spiritualities of the In answer to question two regarding pure Gospel of Jesus Christ on the remedies, I am even more loath to answer than in question one, but I would suggest: 1. A re-emphasis of the missionary motive as inherent in the Christian re- ligion.

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

2. A revived campaign of mission- Our experience has shown that the ary information. Board, in its enthusiasm for expand- ing its work, must not permit itself 3. A re-interpretation of the mis- to make financial commitments far in sionary imperative, which is the need advance of communicating that enof the world for Christ. This requires thusiasm to the rank and file of the concerted thought by our best thinkers Church. The congregations respond and not mere sporadic interpretations, where the pastor has a missionary for I am convinced that some appeals spirit. The theological seminaries for missions do more harm than good. should be recruiting grounds, not merely for future missionaries, but 4. Allocation of concrete projects to for future missionary supporters. individual American parishes. The success of building programs in the CHARLES E. JEFFERSON, D.D., homeland suggests that cQncreteness is one way of arousing a response. Pa.~tor Broadway Tabernacle, New York. AUGUSTUS STEIMLE, D.D., Gifts are declining for Foreign Mis- Pastor of The Evangelical Lutheran sionary work because of: Church of the Advent, New York. 1. The jolt given to our self-confi- In response to your inquiry, I dence by the World War. It has been would say that the income of the revealed to us that Christendom is in United Lutheran Church for our For- a deplorable predicament. Weare not eign Missionary enterprise has shown so sure as we were that Christianity a substantial increase since 1921, al- is the one and only and final and allthough not commensurate with the sufficient religion. Let Hindus remain necessity for expansion for which our Hindus, and Moslems remain Mosmissionaries urgently plead. The in- lems, and Buddhists remain Buddhists come of our Board is derived from -that is the feeling of multitudes. three sources-a fixed percentage of the apportionment which is asked for 2. The policy of our great missionall the boards of the Church, the ary organizations has permitted in Women's Missionary Society, and spe- many fields the work of cleansing cial gifts. human hearts by planting in them the ideals of Jesus, to become subordinate The regular income from the to the work of teaching Western sci- Church apportionment showed the ence and history. gratifying increase of over 43 per cent from 1921 to 1928, the latest year 3. The development of the social for which the figures are at hand. activities of the Church at home, call- The income from all sources in the ing for a vast expenditure for parish same period shows an increase of 20 houses and varied' equipment and per cent. A recession in the amounts staffs of salaried workers. The home received in two of the years, due in budgets have expanded enormously. part to the fluctuation in the special gift column, apparently did not per- 4. The rise in the price of living. manently retard the general upward Social standards have gone up. Church trend. In 1928, the specials were 20 members to hold their place in the per cent less than in 1921, although social scale feel that they must spend the total received in 1928 was 20 per most of their income on living excent larger than in 1921. penses.

The debt of our Board is due chief- 5. The forbidding by non-Christian ly to the burden assumed in taking governments of the teaching of the over former German Missions in India Christian religion in our mission and China. An appeal for its liquida- schools. The idea that you can teach tion is now in process. Christianity without mentioning God's love in Christ does not appeal to the average American Christian.

In answer to your query, "What pecple in general, though the process remedy do you suggest?" let me men- seems slow. Moreover, while "mistion three: sions" and "missionaries" are old words, the things and persons for 1. The striking of a higher spir- which they stand in the world of toitual note both at home and abroad. day are, in many cases, as truly mod- The sacrificial spirit is decadent in ern as the newest and best hospital in America. The evangelistic note is ab- America or the most capable of all our sent from many of our missionary teachers and social workers. Slowly stations. but surely this fact is being made known. Where missions and mission- 2. The rapid unification of the work aries are not effectively meeting a vital in all our foreign fields. human need their work may deservedly suffer. But whe"e they are doing so, 3. The concentration of our efforts as many are, they will, I believe, on limited areas of foreign popula- eventually receive ample support. tions. We are spreading over too much More and more people in our churches ground. If we did less we should ac- are learning to think in terms of a complish more. world community. They will give generously to meet its needs every- ARTHUR H. BRADFORD, D.D., where if only they can have facts which will compel their interest and Pas tOT C e n t r a 1 Congregational their confidence. Church. Providence, R. I. FRANK A. HORNE, The people of our churches can always be trusted to give generously to President Merchants' Refrigerating causes which command their interest Company and Member of Simpson and confidence. If, during the past Methodist Episcopal Church, decade, they have given more liberally BrookLyn, N. Y. to their home churches than to denominational missionary societies this I believe the reasons for the decline has been due to a growth of interest in gifts for missionary work are: and confidence in the former, and a corresponding loss of interest and con- 1. The decline of missionary confidence in the latter. The loss of in- tributions since 1921 is emphasized terest and confidence in denominational by the fact that we are comparing missionary societies, where Experi- present income with the results of enced, has been due to many things, special efforts made in the various such as (1) The more compelling ap- communions, such as the Centenary peal of near-by causes like the Commu- Movement in the Methodist Church, nity Fund; (2) A rather widespread the New Era Movement in the Presdissatisfaction with the supposed ri- byterian Church, and other similar valry among denominational agencies; campaigns. The falling off is natural (3) A somewhat vague wonder as to when the special campaign methods whether "missions" and "mission- are withdrawn for promotion activiaries" really have a place in this mod- ties of the various boards. ern world. 2. During the period of a special Remedies are already being applied campaign many home base projects with some success. Where churches were neglected or postponed, and in have their own missionaries and mis- the subsequent period these entersionary projects, it is possible for peo- prises have been receiving a large inple to have as much interest and crease of funds. confidence in them as in their own ministers and their own local work. De- 3. The effect on the average person nominations are getting together, co- of the disturbances in the Orient, paroperating and uniting. This fact is ticularly the conditions in China, has bound to get into the consciousness of been misunderstanding and indiffer-

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

ence, and a divergence of funds to were authorized from year to year by other benevolent purposes. the National Council, inquiry was made of the various dioceses as to the 4. The general trend has been to- amounts they expected to raise, and ward a material expression of pros- upon the replies from the dioceses perity, which has resulted in the stating their expectations, final apdevelopment of building and equip- propriations were voted by the Nament at the home base where the prod- tional Council. The result called for a uct can be visualized to donors. cut of about five per cent in the budget approved by General Convention. This 5. The apparent decline in the spir- cut occurred subsequent to 1926. itual life and interpretation due to the secularizing atmosphere of the pres- At the end of last year, a serious ent time has had the effect of dimin- situation had arisen due to anxiety ishing interest in the spirit work of about collections for the year. In the missionary enterprise. many places a strong effort was made through the effective cooperation of a The remedy is: number of individuals and in this city it received reinforcement from a group 1. A reemphasis of spiritual values of women who from six in the mornand the utilization of the anniversary ing until six in the evening sustained of Pentecost in the reawakening of a Day of Prayer. The heart of the the Church at large. Church was touched and its vision re- kindled, with the result that the collec- 2. A new missionary program of tions for 1929, as compared with the education which shal! convey to the pledges, were the best on record, and whole Church the present facts in the prospects for 1930 are even better. missionary undertaking, and make available to the average Christian, FRANKLIN WARNER, such facts as were set forth at the Jerusalem Conference. President of the Warner Chemical Company, Member of the First 3. A realization on the part of the Congregational Church, White churches that a new day in missions Plains, New York, and Associate has arrived; that the missionary en- Moderator of the Congregational terprise must include the social as Churches of the Un'ited States. well as the individual Gospel; and that the disturbances in the Orient and The reason why the benevolent givelsewhere are really the fruits of ing of the Congregational people has Christianity and an indication that failed to keep pace with the requirethe leaven has been working in the ments of our home and foreign missocial, racial and international field. sionary work lies in our system. When we organized the apportionment plan SAMUEL THORNE, and alloted the needs of our societies to each church in the denomination, Lawyer and member of All Saints we began to appeal to our people in Chu1"ch, Harrison, N. Y. the mass and have failed to make an appeal that was strong enough to I can only speak from what I know reach every member in our churches. about contributions in the Protestant In other words, our missionary pro- Episcopal Church. In our missionary motional program faikd to reach the work we have not experienced any seri- people. In our denomination an addious decline. As it happened, the high tional five cents a week per member point in annual contributions was at- would give us more money than could tain€d in the year 1926. At the Gen- be used by our societies without ineral Convention of the Church held in creasing our missionary staff. So near New Orleans in 1925, there was adopted what is known as the "Pay as you ar! we to our gml, go" plan. The method was as follows: General Convention of that year adopted a budget of $4,224,670, but t>l;!fQr~ the appropriations in q~t~il

Our benevolent receipts are divided Fleming's phrase from the January between the state work and the de- MISSIONARY REVIEW. The work we nominational societies in a growing have already undertaken and for which percentage in favor of the state work. we feel responsible demands larger Many of our states have increased resources in workers and contributheir budgets in an attempt to do ef- tions than we can expect to receive ficiently the work that they are facing until a more vital faith produces a within their own borders. The states, "more heroic practice of the Gospel." which mean the churches, which mean We are living too comfortably, and the people, do not realize that as the the physical enjoyment of material states take for state work more of the things dims our vision and shuts us benevolent money, it naturally must in upon ourselves. leave less money to carryon the denominational missionary work, and so To increase our spiritual income we far they have been willing to let the must make a larger investment in the missionary societies run into debt, things of the Spirit. This means prieven on reduced budgets, and sacrifice marily taking time to realize the presefficiency on the mission field. When ence of Christ in the world today and our missionary societies were allowed being ready at any cost to follow where to make direct appeals to churches and He leads. individuals tljey got the money. Until there is complete cooperation be- A second reason of significance is tween the state organizations and the the increasing mechanization of our denominational societies in the pro- organization and a resulting loss in gram of the entire work of the denom- the direct connection between the givination, it cannot be carried on with er in the local church and the work fairness to all. which his gift makes possible. Too many are asked to give to a "budget" The denomination has just adopted or an "apportionment." There is dana new plan for trying to raise enough ger of putting the stress on the "get" money for all its departments. The side of the budget. plan includes the personal appeal to individuals, which is similar to the The remedy here is to put a "bud" old method, and with the conscientious in the budget by making more vivid work of the different secretaries and the personalities and institutions others working through the state of- through which we are carrying on our fices and individual churches, there is adventure in world friendship. every hope that sufficient money will be raised this year to continue the en- MRS. DEWITT KNOX, tire work of the whole field without sacrifice. There is more money than President Woman's Board of Forever in our churches. eign Mi8sions of the Reformed Church in America. A little less system and a little more of the human in the appeal and suc- Reasons for decline in gifts are: cess is ahead. 1. Decline in belief- MISS HELEN B. CALDER, a. In the Bible as the Word of God. b. In the Christ of the Gospels, the Candidate Secretary, American divine, ever living, ever present Sav- Board of Commissioners for For- iour of the World. eign Missions. c. In the presence and power of the Holy Spirit. Among many reasons which might d. In the heinousness of sin and be mentioned, I would put first the the need of redemption. fact that our mission boards are attempting to "live beyond their spirit- 2. Not enough preaching about ual income," to quote Professor D. J. foreign missions as the direct com- mand of Christ.

3. Too much emphasis laid upon

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

every form of social service and so out soon after the conclusion of the called humanism. World War. Much of this was neces- sary because such work had been sus- 4. Lack of vision of the world's real pended over nearly a decade. Much need of Christ. Indifference toward was due to a new appreciation of the responsibility of every Christian to fundamental position of religious edushare Christ. cation in the life of the present and particularly of the future church man- 5. Failure to "lift up Christ" as we ifested in the building of church should-His face has been blurred by houses planned in a scientific manner. our lives-His true beauty has not Frequently this was commendable, but been made manifest. at times there was denominational ri- valry, or such buildings were erected 6. Responsibility for the work as a without first finding out whether the whole has not been sufficiently shared church or the community really needed and church mergers have a tendency such elaborate plants not only for reto lessen loyalty and responsibility in ligious education but for social servthe individual member. ice. Heavy mortgages and the large upkeep costs caused an annual increase 7. Newspaper articles giving wrong in the home side of the budget, freimpression of the attitude of Chinese, quently met by actual reduction of the Indian and Japanese Christians to- gifts to missions. wards our missionaries, throwing doubt upon their usefulness and wel- The unified budget adopted by many come is universal. denominations removed personal re- sponsibility and knowledge of the 8. Multiplicity of appeals. work and verified the prophecy that giving to a "budget" and not to a The remedy: "cause" cannot bring the gifts that 1. Voltaire prophesied that before are needed. the end of the fifteenth century, the work of the twelve fishermen would The remedy: be over and done with. Just then prayer for an outpouring of the Holy A renewed study of the Book of Spirit over the whole earth by a small Acts to learn and follow the principles company of Christians started a great of the early Church. revival. One hundred years after Voltaire died, the house in which he An understanding of the denomiwrote those words was used as a de- national responsibility interpreted in pot for the British and Foreign Mis- terms of missionaries and types of sionary Bible Society. work. 2. The prayer of the Chinese leader -"Revive Thy Church, 0 Lord, be- A study of the findings of the Jeginning with me." rusalem Council and their implications 3. "Not by might nor by power but for each individual. by my Spirit," saith the Lord of hosts. A presentation of the new methods MISS MARGARET E. HODGE, of foreign missions while keeping cen- tral the old but ever-new fact of the Vice President of the Board of For- love of God shown through Jesus eign Missions of the Presbyterian Christ. Church. Renewc-d emphasis on Christian Gifts that are secured by unusual stewardship. pressure are apt to be only temporary, so it was not surprising that there More dependence upon prayer. was a decrease in 1922 from the peak of 1921. A more serious matter is the MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, steady decrease over so long a period as Dr. Fahs covers in his survey. President of the Council of Women for Home Missions. Doubtless one reason for this was an "epidemic of building" which broke Expenditures for church edifices and education may temporarily lessen

missionary giving, but should result Drder that the young men who go out in ultimately increased offerings. Re- to shepherd the churches may have ligious organization is becoming more world vision and missionary passion.

and more complex. Interdenomina- 3. Recognize the supreme impor- tional cooperative bodies require funds tance of training the youth of the for their maintenance; though it is churches. Plan the missionary edu- fair to say that this work is fostered cation program for children and young principally by the gifts of those whose people so 'is always to combine study missionary interest is actively and in- ar,d service, in order that through per- telligently exercised and probably rep- sonal experience in working out defi- resents an increase and not a decline nite projects the permanence of in missionary glVlllg. The unprece- missionary interest may be assured dented sums poured out on education- for the church of to-morrow.

al institutions in America are for the most part not invested in distinctively MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, Christian institutions, and have not President of Federation of Woman's been taken from the amounts normal- Boards of Foreign Missions of ly available for Christian missions. North America. Nothing will be gained by disparagement of one part of the Christian en- Reasons, as I see them, for the deterprises at .the expense of another. cline in gifts for missionary work are; The principal reason for diminished 1. The undermining of confidence giving to missionary work is self-cen- in boards, due, first, to false accusatered, superficial living, expressed in tions concerning the administration the multiplication of luxuries which of boards; secDnd, to unwise adminhave come to be considered necessities. istration on the part of boards, espe- Time, energy and income have been cially in finance. No board or group preempted by things which minister . of boards lives to itself; neither does to individual pleasure. This attitude it die to itself. Whatever materially is encouraged by the distractions of affects several, ordinarily affects all. a "mechanical age." The radio, which 2. Distinct errors of judgment in has displaced the piano- in the home, mapping out the programs for some produces music without reqUlrlllg of the large missionary movements of study, information without effort to several years ago. Much as we dislike obtain it, and impression without com- to refer to past mistakes, their depelling expression. The habit of re- posit is inescapable. ceiving everything that some one else 3. Inefficient or false teaching conhas to give, without making the slight- cerning the place of Christ as Saviour est return, deadens the sense of obli- and Redeemer, as found in Sundaygation anc( personal responsibility. school and other church literature and Who is sufficient to stem these ad- in denominational schools. The full verse currents, so swift and strong, of harvest Df this sowing has not yet been reaped. our modern life?

The question suggests the answer. Remedies, as I see them, are: "Our sufficiency is of God." Summon 1. Pay God's pric'e of self-sacrifice to a world-wide fellowship of inter- in exchange for the spiritual fiame cessory prayer and rededicatiDn all which the Holy Spirit alone can give; whD realize the world's need of Christ without this we are shorn of power.

and the church's need of renewed sen- The Christ is our only sufficient mis- sibility. sionary apologetic. The Christ is our 2. Intensify the emphasis in every only sufficient appeal for enlistment theological seminary, thrDugh special of those who can do this delicately study Df missiDns under carefully se- spiritual work. The Christ is the lected teachers, of the essentially mis- only pass-word to the heart of the sionary character of Christianity, in world and the human world is hungry

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED?

for Him. Those who do not believe As for the remedy, I have the feel- this should have a sufficient sense of ing that the quicker we launch a posi- honor to withdraw from the Church tive, constructive, nation-wide appeal of Christ and to form their own or- in all denominations for an advance ganization built around their own be- in Foreign Missions, the better it will liefs. be for all of us. Such appeals for 2. A careful control of the expense advance should clearly take into ac- of administration which will justify count the changed situation which itself in the mind of the Church. Foreign Missions are facing in this 3. A proper placing of responsibil- mOdern world, and register our con- ity on the local church authorities to viction that we have made or are will- the end that they may carry their full ing to make any adaptations to meet share of the work connected with pro- these modern conditions. Further- ducing the funds. more, the appeals should be accom- 4. Simplify board organization to panied by definite, concrete sugges- the point of efficiency for its appointed tions as to the reasons why we not task. only ought to continue our mission- 5. More careful administrative pro- ary giving but to increase it on a reacedure on the field, i. e. combinations sonable scale. I am not proposing that of some pieces of work and elimina- we launch any sort of surveys as we tion of all uuproductive work. There did in the days of the New Era, Cenare many world travelers these days tenary, or Interchurch Movements, who are studying the work there as based upon estimates of money needed. I would not let any figures occur in well as here. these appeals. I would have them tr> 6. Transfer of more authority to be the reasons why we feel Foreign those at work in the field. Missions should go forward, such rea- sons being illustrated by concrete ex- 7. Keep absolute faith with all don- amples. ors to special projects.

8. Honest-to-goodness local denomi- national or interdenominational school I believe that you have raised a very of missions for men and boys as well fundamental question in this critical as for women and girls. day, in which practically all denomina- 9. There are attractive methods, we tional Boards find themselves.

believe, whereby the funds may be kept up for a time in spite of the FRANK A. SMITH, D.D., present falling contributions. Our nec- Secretary of The American Baptist essary limitations in this article make Home Mission Society.

an adequate outline of the suggestions The fundamental cause for the deimpossible; this will be given in the cline in missionary giving is the new paganism. The loss by many of the Methods Department of a subsequent issue of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW.

RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, D.D., sense of supremacy of spiritual valUES the variety of material accessories t~ Secretary, Board of Foreign Mis- daily living, the increase of comforts sions, Methodist Episcopal Church. to the middle class and of luxuries to the wealthy, and the spirit of emula- My own observation is that we have tion among the less fortunate have all done quite enough of attempts to an- produced a pagan attitude toward life. alyze the reasons for the decline in Added to this is the challenge to Misgifts for Foreign Missions. Any sions manifested in the swift changes further attempt to set forward these in the Orient and the West and dureasons would only serve to give ad- plication of effort at home ~hich has ditional publicity to certain situations created a feeling that givers "get their out of which we need to pull ourselves money's worth" more in education and very quickly. philanthropy than in Missions. The

call for cooper&tion in missionary home and abroad, will all help to create work has had a tendency to weaken· the missionary conviction that must loyalty to denominational boards. precede missionary g i v i n g. The Church and the missionary enterprise Another reason is an increase in the need a rebirth of missionary passion. current expenses of the local church. In one State, the churches of a certain Finally, over against the criticism denomination over a period of ten of the missionary enterprise as someyears increased their giving to the thing obsolete and outgrown is a relocal church one hundred per cent .and discovery of the eternal value of Misto Missions ten per cent. In another sions. The supreme need of the State, giving to the local churches in- world is the Gospel, for economics cancreased one hundred per cent and mis- not furnish what the Gospel assures. sionary giving remainEd stationary. BREWER EDDY, D.D., Another factor has been the increase in the number of independent mission- Home Department Secretary 0/ the ary organizations that duplicate the work of church boards or that appeal American Board of Commissionto special types of thinking. Some of ers jor Foreign Missions. these great philanthropies make an appeal to church constituencies with 1. The reasons for the decline: a frequency. and freedom not possible Many denominations report large into denominational representatives. creases in church expenses under local budgets, added to the heaviest building And finally, missionary administra- program ever achieved by the Amertion has failed to humanize the work ican churches. It may be chancelitis and concrete the need of the fields in or the rapid expansion of parish terms of projects that appeal to the houses and recreation facilities. At average giver. A general fund can any rate, the closest competition for never kindle emotion, and whether missionary gifts will always exist bemission boards prefer it or not, con- tween the needs of the local church tributions to Missions are more read- and the money that can be "spared" ily gathered by an appeal to the heart for the gift to Missions. The attitude than by calls to be loyal to a system. of the average Board of Trustees re- sponsible for the local budget is In seeking a remedy, the first step familiar. is the recovery of the place of the Holy Spirit in the attitude of the local In addition, the immense increase church and missionary givers toward in local charities for new buildings, the enterprise. The Gospel cannot be mergers, community chests,. often stated in terms of an audit but in backed by professional drives, have terms of sacrifice and consecration. diverted the proportion of stewardship gifts available for Missions. It is also clear that missionary budgets need to be concreted and pre- These two reasons in my opinion sented in terms of projects. This will far outrank any decreased interest give a closer contact between the mis- due to 100% Americanism or a growsionary on the mission field and the ing sense of racial hostility, or the unlocal church. Visits of board members fair reports of world travelers and and Christian tourists to the fields and journalists. In our denomination the personal correspondence weave per- interested minority are giving as sonal ties that bridge the chasms of loyally as ever in increasing amounts. distance and the arid stretches of de- The majority in our churches, half nominational machinery. The churches indifferent, find their missionary gifts are greatly in need of wider mission- crowded out. In addition, a half dozen ary education. Information that wiII denominations have not yet proved refute hostile and partial statements, successful in merging all appeals into visualization of the need of the world a somewhat more mechanical perand the real triumphs of the Gospel at centage plan, which loses a large de-

WHY HAVE MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTIONS DECLINED1

gree of personal knowledge and inter- denominations during the past few est in the particular work ahead. In years is particularly attributable, in such merger the foreign work will my judgment, to the following con- always be forced into closer competi- siderations: tion with tbe home needs backed by 1. There has been a distinct weak- patriotic and local loyalty, and will ening of the missionary passion, that tend to lese out in the long run. is, a weakening in really vital inter- 2. The remedy: In our denomina- est in preaching the Gospel and pro- tion in the next few months we are moting Christian work in non-Chris- trying a very definite remedy. We tian lands. This lessening of interest cannot expect the needed increased in- may be due to over-concern for other come through the collection envelopes phases of church work or to the fact of the churches on the percentage that upheavals in mission lands, such basis. Now we turn to the individual as China, have created a lack of con- givers who are most interested. We fidence in the missionary enterprise are seeking 5,000 interviews in the for the time being, or to the growth hope of getting 4,000 gifts large and of materialism and secular thinking small, on the plea that only the inter- in a large se~tion of the Church.

ested and devoted few will maKe added Whatever its cause, it can hardly be gifts now. If we succeed in part, it denied that the missionary passion will develop a' vital argument to pas- which produced the missionary enter- tors and to churches to lift their ad- prise and was responsible for the ditional shares next fall. founding of the Student Volunteer In each State, the plan will depend Movement and the Laymen's Mission- upon the State Board and superin- ary Movement is not a predominating tendent, and the gifts will be sought characteristic in the modern Church.

on the percentage basis, so that all in- 2. At the very time when it has terests share. Beyond this plan is the been found more necessary than ever permanent need of interesting each to keep alive this missionary passion church more definitely in a commit- in the Church, we have been subment of its own in foreign fields. The merged by technical or mechanical Project, or Assignment Plan, will help. budget schemes which, however good We may take up the regional educa- in themselves, have in many cases pretional plan by which foreign and home vented our congregations from acinterests will once mOTe cultivate a tually learning about the work on the particular section or state, giving a mission field. It has been more diffigreater chance to the particular mes- cult than ever for mission boards to sage of each type of work. , present their facts to the home Of course at bottom, it is all a ques- churches. tion of raising the spiritual devotion Th€se two reasons, with all of their of our churches. Missions thrive in spiritual earnestness-it dies in com- ramifications, account for most of our fortable indifference. It thrives in trouble. The way out is along the obedience-it perishes in the atmos- two lines indicated, namely, a spiritual phere of modern humanism or of revival in the home church, bringing selfishness. Contact with Christ spells out the need of the world for Jesus missionary loyalty. Christ, His power to meet the needs of men; and, secondly, a revitalizing WILLIAM P. SCHELL, D.D., of the budget system and a spiritualiz- ing of our methods cf promotion. The Home Base Secretary of the Board Church must be compelled to lift up of Foreign Missions of the Pres- her eyes to the fields white unto the byterian Church in the U. S. A. harvest and be led to respond sacri- The widespread decline in gifts to ficially to the need of the world as Missions among practically all of our revealed in that vision.

2

NEW AND THE OLD IN

NEAR EAST Sights and Scenes in Italy, Greece and Egypt BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 2 T RAVELERS visit the Medi- Others visit the East on business terranean lands for various bent-to introduce new inventions and sundry purpcses. Some like electricity and the cinema to are merely seeking new thrills people to whom they seem more awakened by strange manners, wonderful than the magic of the customs, and surroundings. Such genii; or to sell machine made are fascinated at the sight of Ro- products, like clothing and hard- man soldiers in military capes and ware, to those who have wrought long black feathers, Greek guards all things laboriously by hand.

in short skirts, or Egyptian house But there is another class of vis- servants in long white gowns, tar- itors from the West that are on a boush and red sashes. different mission. They enjoy the Others are on an extensive shop- strange scenes and peculiar cus- ping expedition and spend most of toms; they study the antiquities their time in the bazaars, purchas- and the economic and social prob- ing leather in Algiers, lace in Nice, lems of each country, but behind coral and tortoise shell in Naples, the bizarre exterior of the shops of mosaics and striped silk scarfs Italy and Greece and the primitive in Rome, miniature statuary in life in the Moslem quarters of Al- Greece, or Sudanese tapestry and giers or Cairo, they see the signs brasses in Egypt. of stunted lives and unfulfilled pos- Still others are seeking new sibilities-the ignorance, the dis- forms of entertainments such as ease, the poverty, the toil and sor- are found in the Casino at Monte row, the sin that mars the life of Carlo, the wine rooms of Italy, the adults and deprives children of theaters of France or the unsavory their rightful heritage. There are and morally pestilential exhibitions sounds, like the muezzin call to in the "Fish Market" of Cairo. prayers, the wailing of women in Over many travelers the word time of mourning or the sing-song antiquity casts a magic spell. They of laborers at their toil, that fasci- stand in awe before ruins five thou- nate the uninitiated but have a sand years old. They try to imag- deeper meaning to those whose ine the scenes that transpired in ears are atune to the cry of human the Roman Forum when Cresar need; there are sights, like the ruled the world; the life in Greece veiled women of Egypt, always during the Golden Age of Pericles; dressed in black and riding on the laying of the foundations of springless donkey carts, the child Christianity when Jesus walked in rug makers of Algiers, or the Judea and Galilee; or the civiliza- babies carried on the shoulders of tion of Egypt in the days of Tut- their ten-year-old sisters, that ankhamen, Amenhotep and Ram- make picturesque photographs but eses the Great. many of which spell sorrow and 258 shame to those who can read the a day," much of this former-and signs. possibly future-mistress of the Monte Carlo, in the kingdom of world can be seen in a day. Here Monaco, which comprises only we were again forcibly impressed eight square miles, is a combina- by the contrast between the old and tion of wealth and poverty, of the new, the dead and the living.

beauty and ashes. The site of the Premier Mussolini, "II Duce" as he town on the steep mountain side is is called, has wrought wonders in charmingly picturesque, with villas the land which was once the center and terraced gardens. Externally of civilization but which has the Casino is a palace, but within grown weak by living on past glory are enacted many tragedies. The -the backward rather than the itch to try one's luck at one of the forward look. The ancient monu- twenty gaming tables is experi- ments of the Empire are still there enced by most travelers, but the recalling the stories of the past- gaming fever wrecks countless the Forum, where centered the homes and destroys many lives. markets and law making of the At Nice, after a wonderful drive civilized world; the coliseum, over the upper Corniche road, with where bloody spectacles thrilled its view of the azure Mediter- and degraded the people and where ranean on one side and the snow Christians witnessed to their faith capped Alps on the other, we vis- with their lives; the magnificent ited the faithful Scotch Presby- palaces, with unnumbered marble terian pastor, Rev. George Lamb, statues, public and private baths who is struggling heroically to se- and ancient shrines that witness to cure $50,000 for a much needed the passing of the things for which church building to minister to the multitudes today spend their time large Protestant English-speaking and money; the walls and the community – including thousands aqueducts and roads on which of tourists. Rome depended so largely for Italy forcibly presents the con- safety.

trast between the ancient and the These are today only ruins, but modern. Vesuvius with its smok- a new Italy is arising whose des- ing crater has for ages stood as a tiny depends, not on physical im- warning of an imminent Day of provements and modern monu- Judgment. Pompeii, the ruined ments like the impressive War city that was overwhelmed in a Memorial, or on the well organized night in the midst of its life of and picturesque police and soldiers, gaiety and sin, reminded us of the but on the intellectual and moral last great eruption in 1906 when character of the people. Among we saw the crater vomiting fire, the improvements in Rome, intro- ashes and lava in a resistless mol- duced by "II Duce" and which ten stream that carried all before every visitor. notes, are the clean it, including many houses of stone streets and the absence of the for- and cement. The beautiful sea and merly omnipresent beggars. Every- blue sky seemed to promise only one seems to be busy and working.

peace and safety, but in the midst More bicycles are met in a day than of life there lies a resistless power in most American cities in a year.

for death. Outside the capital the well kept Though "Rome was not built in farms and vineyards form an at-

tractive picture. The Roman Cath- where the enemies of Greece have olic Church, with its long gowned wrought havoc amid her temples and tonsured friars and priests, is by ruthless warfare, friends are still the omnipresent religious in- seeking to build up abiding monufluence, and the Pope in his little ments in Christian character. Vatican City is on the watch to increase that influence. But there In a suburb of Athens, Paleon are other forces still more potent; Phaleron (n ear Pirreus), we they are like the living seeds landed in the rain on Sunday mornwhich, lodged in ancient masonry, ing and were met by Mr. Zikos, a grow until dead strongholds are bright student of the School of Redisrupted or are covered over with ligion, and were taken through life. streets unpaved but with fine mar- ble curbing-so plentiful is this The Waldensian Church is a stone-to visit the American traingrowing power. This evangelical ing school for Evangelical Chris- Christian body, which antedates tian workers. There are now 73 the Reformation, exerts a wide and students, including nine girls, all vital influence. Beside its great of whom are preparing to go out work all over Italy it has several as teachers or pastors and for fine churches in Rome, the most other forms of Christian work. beautiful of which is the gift of This school is under the American Mrs. John S. Kennedy of New Board of Commissioners for For- York. This is not a dead monu- eign Missions but is suffering for ment but a living witnesR to Christ lack of adequate support. The stuand the power of HiR Gospel. dents include Armenians, Greeks, The American Methodist Episcopal Bulgarians and Russians; they Mission is also a veritable beehive of activity with its many sided are too poor to pay for their tuiwork of education, publication and tion and board which amounts to evangelical witness. The Ameri- $120 a year. Among the faithful can Episcopal Church has a beau- instructors are Prof. Levonian, a tiful place of worship, ministered highly educated Armenian, Rev. J. to by the able and active rector, the Riggs Brewster, brought from Rev. Walter Lowrie-a Presbyterian by inheritance and training. Turkey for the purpose, and Rev. The American Baptists (Southern and Mrs. Rose, who were for some Convention) have long conduded years missionaries in India. Mrs. a work for the evangelization of Rose is the author of "Our Parish Italy, while the Scotch Presby· in India," "Red Blossoms," "Diana terians and others hold services for Drew," and other popular volumes. English-speaking residents and During the winter the students entravelers. These forces are seeking gage in missionary work in the to plant and build up life in the I a r g e refugee camps around midst of Rome and its ruins. Athens and in the summer months some of them go out to work among Greece is another land where the Moslems in Crete and in Macechief attraction for tourists is the donia. Acropolis and its ruins. Time cannot destroy their beauty or lessen The Armenian College for Girls their fascination for the artist, the also located in Paleon Phaleronhistorian and the philosopher. But was moved from Smyrna about seven years ago, after the Turkish massacres. It is also under the

THE NEW AND THE OLD IN THE NEAR EAST

American Board and enrolls 120 been gathered for the reconstruc- students, including preparatory tion of the Parthenon and other pupils. Their fine hopeful spirit is Greek temples but the work is ar- shown by the fact that, after the rested awaiting the settlement of terrible experiences in Smyrna, a dispute as to whether old or new the girls decided to name their stone or artificial stone shall be school paper "Sunny Days." The used. In the same way delay may College and School of Religion are be caused in the work of building both hoping to move in course of and restoring Christian character time–when the necessary funds in the lives of those damaged by are forthcoming-to a new location Turkish violence. The American overlooking Phaleron Bay, where College in Athens has wisely re- more adequate buildings can be frained from joining the Associa- erected on property already owned. tion of ether Near East Colleges Under the guidance of Dr. Mar- den, an American missionary phy- sician, a most interesting visit was paid to two Refugee Camps, one of which, Kokonia, contains some 75,000 Greek and Armenian refu- gees from Asia Minor. A new city has been built up with churches and schools, shops and offices. Fif- teen cinema theaters show the craving of the people for recrea- ]IISTRIBU'I'TNfJ f'HRI"TIAN LTl'tmATURE AIn'ER A VIr!LAGE )-IEE'l'I?G tion. The progress of the refugees from poverty to comfort, if not to affluence, is revealed by the pro- lest their positive Christian testi- gressive development in the homes mony be hindered and their Bible from small, one-roomed dwellings work be placed under Greek Ortho- made of mud, or odd pieces of dox control. Another constructive board loosely nailed together, to religious movement in Greece is well-built stone residences. The the Zwn (Zoe) or "Life" move- industrious refugees are eager to ment within the Orthodox Church.

improve their condition from year This has already been described in to year. In addition to the Roman the REVIEW, with its Gospel hymns, and Greek Catholic and Armenian evangelical literature and spiritual work for these people, the Protes- preaching. The influence is spread- tants have an excellent school, with ing but the movement is yet in its some 250 pupils, and a church with infancy. Some day the beauty of a social center and clubs for boys modern Greek character may sur- and girls. There is also a hastily pass in glory the perfection of an- constructed but well conducted hos- cient Greek art.

pital in charge of Dr. Marden and At Haifa, a brief call of half a two American lady physicians, Dr. day was not sufficient to do justice Parry. and Dr. Parmalee. These to the remarkable growth of the are bright spots in a dark picture. Jewish colony. Where ten years Thus the Christian forces are ago the bare hillside of Mt. Carmel seeking to build up what the Turks faced the bay, there now stands a have destroyed. Funds have even thriving Hebrew settlement of

50,000, with well-built houses, gar- Jews would enter the hall to be dens, clean streets, and excellent faced by such an accusation. But water supply. Classical Hebrew is the text stood as the word of God the language of homes, schools and and far from keeping Jews away, business. The Hebrew Technical it acts as a challenging testimony.

Institute, built by the gifts of W. The hall is crowded and at every Wissotsky of Moscow and Jacob preaching service the doors must Schiff of New York, has now 125 be closed to keep out those who students who are not educated free wish to enter when there is no but pay $90 for a year's tuition. more room. The work has spread It specializes on architecture and to other settlements in Palestine engineering but teaches other and offers great encouragement to branches also. those who, in the face of many dif- An unusual and effective Chris- ficulties, are seeking the salvation tian work for Jews, under the aus- of Israel.

There is a peculiar fascination about Egypt. It is perhaps the land where past and present stand out in deepest contrast. The land of the most ancient ciVilization, with its wonderful pyramids and the treasures of the "Tombs of the Kings," is alive with such modern WO:lIE"I ~'RAVELING IN CAlHO di'lcoveries as the telephone, the airplane, the talking cinema and plces of the British Jews Society, the wireless. But the ancient is conducted by Rev. and Mrs. S. Copts are no longer leaders in B. Rohold, formerly of Toronto, civilization for the new arts and Dr. Christie, formerly of Tiberius, inventions are imported rather and Dr. Churcher, who does excel- than native. Had it not been for lent service through a clinic and foreign scholars, the hieroglyphs dispensary. Mr. Rohold has had would still be undeciphered, the wide experience in Christian work pyramids and "Valley of Death" for his people, and Dr. Christie, would now be only piles of stone who has labored for over forty and barren wastes and the narrow years in Palestine and Syria, testi- Nile valley without the Assouan fies that this is the most remark- Dam could not support the popula- tion.

able and fruitful work for Jews in But after all, the most impres- the Near East. In the literature sive sights in Egypt are not those department tracts and Gospels are marking the dead, though interest- distributed in seventy-five lan- ing, past. Any people with a his- guages. When the Chapel was tory and a civilization of which we opened the text placed in large let- can proudly boast is a people dif- ters on the walls read: "Let all the ficult to reach with new and house of Israel know assuredly, strange ideas. Egypt is 90 per that God hath made that same cent Moslem and, though many Jesus, whom you crucified, both quarters in the cities that are still Lord and Christ" (Acts 2: 36). untouched by Christian influence, The objection was raised that no are haunts of poverty, ignorance,

disease and vice, the people do not meeting places. There is also a realize that the "Hand of Fatima" t heological seminary, with 21 stuis a dead hand and that their re- dents and a converted Moslem pasligion lacks life. One is impressed tor, Kamil Mansur, at its head; a anew with the pitiable plight of Girls' College with 370 students, a the little children in their bare high school for boys with 450 stufeet, with long shirts and sore dents, and one for girls with 270 eyes. The women veiled and un- enrolled. There are several other veiled have eyes in which pathos girls' schools, an orphanage weland pain have crowded out joy and fare center and literature work, inhope. Illiteracy, polygamy and the cluding a weekly church paper. burdens of life have made them creatures of a cruel fate and have The Church Missionary Society given them no sphere of service in Egypt is doing a very important outside their humbl~ homes and work for Moslems. Its Girls' wearisome toil. The "New Woman School, hospital for men and wom- Movement" is making headway in Egypt under the leadership of THE CHILD WEI, FARF. C LI NI C OF' ~'H E Madame Sha'rawi Pasha but it is a A~"ERICA N )USS I ON I N CA IHO slow movement like the leisurely tread of the camel. en, church and literature distribu- tion are exerting a wide and potent In the midst of death there is life influence. Among other evangeland in contrast to the glorious past ism agencies are the Egypt Genthere are also forces in Egypt eral Mission, the Nile Mission working for a more glorious fu- Press, the Nile Boat Mission, the ture. These forces are making British and American Bible Soslow progress but their advance is cieties, the World's Sunday-school sure for they have the germ of life. Association, of which Rev. Stephen Among these vital forces are the Trowbridge is Secretary and Evangelical Missions, some of Sheikh Metry Dewairy, Field Secwhich have been laboring in Egypt retary, the Holiness Movement and for seventy-five years. There is t he Y. W. C. A . and Y. M. C. A. the American Mission (United Presbyterian), which is this year The work of the Sunday-schools celebrating its diamond jubilee. It for the children, the young people is working in eleven districts and and the homes is particularly fashas an enrolled membership of cinating. On Sunday morning we 18,770 and as many more adher- wended our way through tortuous ents. Its college, hospital, church, streets to visit a few of the street and training school in Assiut is Sunday-schools in Cairo. These one of the most powerful influences are conducted by the Evangelical for good in Egypt. Prominent Church and are largely among men and women in all departments of life and service have had their training in Assiut, and patients who have been healed at the hospital have spread its praises far and wide. In Cairo alone the mission has nine organized congregations with pastors and six other

Moslems. Picking our way cau- after each session the teacher tiously through dirty, narrow picked up the mats and walked.

lanes, cluttered with merchandise, Thus all over Cairo the Word of and our passage disputed occasion- God is being taught week by week ally by an inquisitive looking by faithful workers. It was a con- camel, an obstreperous donkey, a trast to attend a large Church two-wheeled cart filled with veiled School in Faggala with an attend- women, or a man on a bicycle, we ance of some three hundred from sought one of these street Sunday- five years of age to fifty. This schools. A question here or there school was started as a small Bible brought no light until a child Class only twenty years ago. Now proudly pulled out a Sunday-school there is a self-supporting church of picture card given for attendance 250 members in which are counted and volunteered to act as guide. some prominent and influential Finally we were led into an old Egyptians. The pastor was giving building in the Moslem quarter. out rewards' for attendance and a Two small and dingy, but clean, Communion service was to follow.

rooms were used as health center One of the newer Christian to teach the principles of sanita- forces at work in Egypt is the tion and the care of babies. In American University, opened in another room we found a small 1920, of which the President is Dr.

class of about twenty children Charles R. Watson, an American from eight to fourteen years of born in Egypt of missionary par- age. Perched on the shoulders of ents. This university is endeavor- two or three little girls of primary ing by indirect methods to per- junior age was a little brother or meate Egypt with Christian truth sister. The teaching continued as and ideals. It has 450 students, of calmly as if all were adults. The whom over one-half are Moham- class was divided by a visible line medans. They come from all of clean and unclean-the former grades of society and many of those who had attended day school them plan to enter government at the mission, the latter those who service. Chapel exercises, with had not. Only one child was a the reading of the Scriptures, are Christian – the others Moslems. conducted every day, with church Of the uncleaned half only three on Sunday, attendance being a part had washed their faces that morn- of the required program. Bible ing. All treasured the little col- classes are included in the curricu- ored Bible lesson cards with an lum and most of the students pur- Arabic message on the back, and chase Bibles. The university also took these cards into Moslem includes an Extension Department homes where few rays of light en- which offers to the public lectures ter. on health, sanitation, child welfare, Another street Sunday-school social problems and similar topics.

was located with some difficulty. A The School of Oriental Studie'i Christian Endeavor lad was found offers education in Arabic and teaching a group of fifteen or six- Moslem customs and traditions, teen children who were seated on and the Department of Teacher straw mats in the narrow street. Training prepares students of They had no abiding place, but Egypt for better service.

THE NEW AND THE OLD IN THE NEAR EAST Z65

One of the most encouraging Sunday preceding the calls and features of the work in Egypt is there were daily prayer services found in the spirit of cooperation for workers at various centers. for the evangelization of the peo- The Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., ple. The Cl:Jristian Council for Christian Endeavor Societies, laythe Near East, under the direction men's and women's organizations, of Dr. Robert P. Wilder, is uniting and other agencies cooperated. the missionary forces through con- None were paid but all was done ferences and places for cooperation by volunteers. Armed with Scripand by emphasis on prayer and ture portions, tracts and Gospel spiritual power. pictures the workers went forth in the spirit of Christ visiting homes A recent united effort of mis- of rich and poor, to taximen and sionary forces and the Egyptian women in harems, restaurants, the Church was especially encourag- shops and markets, in hospitals ing. It was called the "Week of and schools. More than 300 work- Witness" (October 19-26, 1929), ers were enlisted, and they disand the plan might well be fol- posed of, by sales, over 14,000 lowed by Christian workers in all tracts and Scripture portions. lands. The ground and the workers were prepared by special meet- The blessing experienced in this ings for prayer and conference. Week of Witness was such that The city and eighteen suburbs plans are being made for a still were divided into districts which more extensive campaign during were assigned to various churches the coming year. The spirit of and religious agencies for a house prayer increased and Christian to house visitation. Sermons were workers of all ages and missions preached on the subject on the were drawn closely together.

A STIlE.NT SUXD.ty-»cnoOL IN CAIRO (DR. STBPIU;N TROWIlRIDnF. A:'."D SlTElli:ll ~m'J'ny DE'.HHY AT HIGHT)

"A MORAL MIRACLE"

BY SHERWOOD EDDY I WISH you could join us, or at the twelve millions in his native least look in upon us at this state as an irresponsible autocrat. Christmas season here at Dornakai, with myoid friend and fel- Now his son reigns in his stead. low-worker, Bishop Azariah. I As yet he has only four wives, acthink it would answer the question cording to Moslem law, and a hunof whether missions are doing any dred concubines. He has somegood. Just before me lies a plot what wider interests than his faof ground of fifteen acres which I ther, but governmental conditions personally bought here for $8.33, have not improved. He dismissed at the rate of fifty-five cents an all his efficient British officials, beacre, ten short years ago. It has came himself prime minister, and already risen fortyfold in value sold offices to the highest bidders. largely because of the work of the Sometimes an office was resold so bishop. It now holds a hospital, a that the insecure official had to boys' boarding school, a model make his money quickly by bribery poultry farm, etc. I could have before he was himself displaced. bought the land a decade ago at Subjects were expected to bring thirty cents an acre, but I refused presents, even school children their to bargain for it. It was almost pennies. And this in the poorest worthless then,- because the gJV- country in the world where the ernment of the corrupt ruler of usual wage in this state is twelve this native state was itself worth- dollars a year. less. Whatever crop the poor man raised was seized by officials and The condition of the untouchable police. One would demand a quar- outcastes in this native state was ter, another a third, another a half pathetic. They were ignorant of the remainder, and if he refused devil worshippers, but their worst he was pubJicly beaten in the curse was drink. On the native streets and his grain forcibly toddy they got drunk every night, taken. Within a month of the har- men, women and children, so that vest, robbed of his crop, he would it was not safe to enter their vilbe forced to borrow and mortgage lages in the evening. Drunkenness in advance the next year's harvest, led inevitably to immorality and to so that he was perpetually in debt a craving for beef-eating. Cattle and practically a serf. He had to lifting and cattle poisoning became pay interest of a hundred per cent resultant vices. compounded every eight months, and since his crop was seized by Now it is among just these peo- pIe that the young bishop has won his greatest triumphs. You see them today sober, industrious, the officials, he never escaped the honest, clothed and in their right slavery of debt. For this the gov- minds, gathered in devoutly worernment gave him practically no shipping congregations, with their roads, no schools, no justice in the children in school and producing courts. "His Exalted Highness," real Christian leadership. Consethe native ruler, had five hundred crated seventeen years ago, Bishop wives and concubines and governed Azariah already has in his diocese 266 166,000 Christians, a larger num- tional Missionary Society, to send ber than any bishop in India. Of their own Indian missionaries to these, three-fourths, or 125,000, the most backward parts of India. are in attendance at church every He, as the secretary of both so- Sunday morning, and far more re- cieties, was calling the youth of markable, nearly half, or 75,000, India to service .and the churches attend a teaching service for Bible to sacrifice. But finally he himself instruction every night in the year. felt called to give up everything, Would this be true of any other learn another language, and go as Christian community in the world? a mIssIOnary. He chose the most According to an Anglican bishop needy, the most degraded people just arrived from England, there he knew in all India to work among is no other diocese in India or England so well organized. Hlsnop AZATUAH -these drunken, thieving, devil How has the bishop done all worshippers of the Deccan. I said this? Let us go back a little in the goodbye to him, never expecting to story. Before me on the wall hangs see him again. He was falling into a picture of his own church in Tin- the ground to die. Heroic as it nevelly, South India. It stands on was, I thought he could surely exthe very spot where a former devil pect no great results in his own temple stood and where his own lifetime in such a field, the hardest ancestors worshipped. For they I knew in all India. were devil worshippers, belonging to the caste of tree climbers who When I next saw him, he was were counted outcastes by the being consecrated in the great cacourts and forbidden entrance into thedral at Calcutta as the first the temples to worship the gods of Anglican Indian bishop, in fact the the caste people of India. first Episcopal native bishop in all Asia. That was seventeen years Azariah's father gave up his ago. It was here I bought this fifpagan demon worship, became a Christian and a devout pastor. In that great stone church, two thousand Christians now worship weekly where the old devil temple once stood. Azariah was influenced chiefly by his mother and his teachers, especially in the Christian College, Madras. I first knew him thirty-three years ago as a young secretary of the Y. M. C. A. We became fellow-workers in English and Tamil among the students of India and among the churches in the South.

One night in Ceylon, he became convinced of the backwardness of his own Indian Church and returned to India to organize the Indian Missionary Society of Tinnevelly, and soon after the Na-

teen acres of land for $8.33. The also will be one." .Six days a week first year, Bishop Azariah let this he earns his living, and on the poor man farm the land for half seventh goes out to preach without the crop. When it was divided he money and without price. He has fell on his face in gratitude. It was won two whole congregations over the first time in all his life that he to Christianity, saved as he was had got half a crop, or anything himself from drunkenness and approaching it, that the grafting robbery. No man among these officials and police did not seize, 166,000 Christians is paid as a for now they dared not rob the professional catechist to preach. bishop or his followers. Only the pastors and teachers re- ceive a salary. All are expected For the modest budget of $7,000 to witness. a year, the Indian Missionary Society of Tinnevelly here supports When I asked the bishop what six Indian missionaries, 45 work- were the chief means for transers and 70 students who are being forming the character of the peotrained as future leaders. One ple, he said first the sacrament of reason for their success is that the changed life of each worker they have .so trusted the Indian who lives among them; second, leaders that they have not de- the teaching service conducted pended upon foreign missionaries. every evening to instruct the peo- There are now only eight foreign pIe; third, the sacraments of the men under this bishop in another Church, which speak in symbol part of the field. So rapidly has and with deep meaning to the the work grown that. as already adults who cannot read or write stated, there are now 166,000 con- and were so recently rescued from verts in the diocese. drunkenness and devil worship.

The secret of the success of this This year the bishop will reprework lies in the moral transforma- sent at the Lambeth Conference tion of the converts. They have the movement to unite the 300,000 given up drink, theft and immoral- Episcopalians and 200,000 memity. This has so impressed the bers of the Free Churches into one high caste people that already body in India in the great movethree thousand of them have be- ment for Christian unity. As I come Christians and a larger num- look at this fifteen acres of land ber have asked for baptism. It now transformed into an Indian would take a volume, or rather Tuskegee for manual training. and many volumes. tn recount the bought for about the same price as moral miracles that have taken Booker Washington's barren land place among these people. Here is in America; as I look at the trans- Thomas, who has told me how he formed life of the young bishop, was once a robber. He spent ten probably the strongest of all the years in prison (save the nights bishops in India today; and as I he was released by the police for see the moral miracle that has uprobbery on condition that he would lifted these once carrion-eating share the spoils with them) . drunkards, I think at this Christ- Thomas was won to Christ. He mas season that I can answer the said, "If Christ was a carpenter, I Question, "Are Foreign Missions doing any good?"

IN CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. A. L. W ARNSHUIS, D.D.

Associate Sccrrtnry oj the IJltcrnatinnnl M i~ud(}J1ar1f Council T HE necessity for larger and rapidly increasing their budgets more effective cooperation by for education. But there are missionary boards in the de- scarcely any books to read. The velopment of Christian literature largest library in any African lanas a missionary agency is shown guage contains less than sixty by the failure thus far to produce books, and almost half of these are a Christian literature in any coun- catechisms and school books. This try in Asia, Africa, or Latin Amer- is in the Swahili language spoken ica that is at all adequate to the by ten millions of people. Two needs of the churches, or the op- other languages have each a total portunities for effective evangel- of forty books. Sixty languages ism among the peoples of an awak- average six books each. Fifty lan- ening civilization. This general guages have three books or less. statement ca'n be easily proven by There is no need for library build- looking at the facts in any country. ings in Africa, – a handkerchief In India, a few years ago, official will serve to wrap up all the books statistics showed that 300,000 peo- in a typical African language.

pIe are added annually to the lit- It is impossible to describe in a erate population. The percentage few words the need in such counof boys and girls in schools is ris- tries as China and Japan, where ing rapidly. In the Punjab, for there are "tides of new thought." example, the enrollment has been A Chinese writer in a magazine increasing 100,000 a year; in four article a few years ago said, years it grew from 150,000 to 540,- "Western writers like Tolstoi, 000. But statistics also show that Kropotkin, Lenin, Ibsen, Eucken, 39% of those who have learned to Einstein, Marx, Bergson, Wells, read relapse into illiteracy within Russell, Wilde, Elwood, Dewey, five years after leaving school, Kant, Darwin, Spencer, Huxley, largely because they have nothing James, Tagore, and many others suitable to read. If only a small have all been translated into Chifraction of the money that mis- nese." There is no corresponding sions annually invest in schools in list of books issued by the Chris- India were used for tbe production tian forces. A generation ago and circulation of books and peri- Christian writers in China were odicals, it would capitalize the writing books that could not be work done in the schools and make printed fast enough to meet the them many times more fruitful. demand and pirated editions were In Africa, the situation is worse. not uncommon, but the Christian Pupils are crowding into the publishers have lost their leaderschools and learning to read the ship except for a few tracts.

languages reduced to writing by In Cairo, as you sit in the electhe missionaries. The missions tric street car, you may hear the continue to enlarge their school boys calling the sale of an astoundbudgets and the .governments are ing number of daily papers, and 269

you will be told that a new book or and they ought to serve the largest pamphlet is published every day in possible number of readers and that city, the vast majority being should be supported by the united either direct products of European forces which they can serve. Co- thinking or science, or Islamic at- operation is both possible and nec- tempts to refute them. The Chris- essary.

tian presses in that city do well if This lack of cooperation will not they publish eight or ten new be overcome until the production tracts or books in a year. and use of Christian literature in To multiply these statements is the mlsslOnary work of the unnecessary. Nowhere are the churches is placed alongside of ed- Christian forces making any really ucation, and medical work, and serious effort to use the printed preaching, as one of the most ef- page. To examine our failure in fective methods of accomplishing detail by describing the lack of our missionary task. In Moslem books for children, or for women lands and in some other lands in this day of rapid and great where Christian teaching and change in the position of women preaching is increasingly hindered, everywhere, pr for young men and it should probably take precedence women or for preachers and teach- over schools and other institutions.

ers, or for any other class of read- No other agency can penetrate so ers, tends only to increase the deeply, abide so persistently, wit- dismay and chagrin we ought to ness so daringly, and influence so feel. We have failed to keep up irresistibly as the printed page.

with the advance of the peoples For the thorough, complete pres- among whom we strive to make entation of the Gospel message, a the Gospel known and accepted. worthy Christian literature must Missions have done such great be developed in every land.

things as to make an ABC for a Plans for cooperative literary hitherto unwritten language, and work are not lacking. In some of to prepare dictionaries, and to the fields, carefully planned sur- teach multitudes to read. Why do veys have been completed so that we fail to carry through? the existing literature is known Well, for one thing, these early and the most urgent needs have achievements are almost all due to been discovered. In some cases the initiative of individuals. To much desired books have been writ- produce and circulate books and ten and the manuscripts have been periodicals cooperation is neces- accepted for pUblication, but capi- sary; and effective cooperation tal funds have been lacking. In has been lacking. It has been done other places, able writers are in the translation and pUblication ready to begin the preparation of of the Bible. The churches have books that are part of a program cooperated in three or four great of advance adopted by all the Bible societies, and with notable Christian forces in a language success. But most of the books and area, but again the lack of funds tracts that are needed, probably compels the postponement of plans.

95 % of them, should be the com- In India, the National Christian mon possession of all the Christian Council has established what is forces. There seem to be only a called the "India Literature Fund."

limited number of good writers, The committee in charge under-

COOPERATION IN CHRISTIAN LITERATURE

takes no publishing of its own. It tional Institute of African Lan- studies the publishing programs guages and Cultures, under the of the various provincial and other expert direction of Dr. D. Wester- tract and literature societies, and mann and M. H. Labouret, is in- distributes to them such money as vestigating the problem of lan- it receives to supplement their own guages with a view to choosing the income and so aid them in carry- principal ones in which a litera- ing out their programs or in pub- ture should be developed. The plan lishing books that the cooperating is to provide for the preparation Christian agencies desire to have. of "basic texts," by the best writ- In this way, in one year, the aid ers. These will be in English, of this Fund resulted in the pro- French and Portuguese. They will duction of fifty new books, all of be specially prepared for and them urgently needed and ap- adapted to African life and needs.

proved by the Christian forces us- The translation of these texts into ing them. Seven or eight expert the vernacular will be done by lo- writers were aided in different lan- cal writers. It wiII be seen at once guage areas. On the basis of a that by such cooperation, the best thorough-going survey, the com- qualified writers can be obtained mittee in charge of the Fund has for the preparation of the basic outlined a trustworthy program of material, thus insuring that the advance calling for $20,000 an- quality of the books will be much nually for urgent needs and for an better than if each area had to do additional $10,000 to provide for all the original work for itself.

less immediate needs. In addition, The budget of the international the committee asks for a capital committee now amounts to $5,000, fund of $50,000 to aid the publish- which is provided cooperatively by ing societies in financing their the North American and European whole work. Half of these funds boards working in Africa. As the are expected from the European work develops, much larger funds churches. The North American will be called for both for the prep- churches expend annually in India aration of the "basic texts" and about $6,874,611. The amount also for the translation and publi- asked for from the American cation into the vernacular.

churches, $15,000 annually and For the Moslem Woild also, an $25,000 capital, is an exceedingly international committee has been small percentage of the total an- set up under the Near East Chris- nual expenditures; but, alas, it is tian Council. Its activities, how- not yet being given. ever, serve a much larger area, For Africa, far-reaching plans including India, China, and Malay- are developing. An international sia. The headquarters are in Cairo, comittee under the auspices of the where Miss Constance Padwick International Missionary Council serves as secretary. This commit- has been organized this year. A tee serves as a clearing house for full time secretary, Miss Margaret literary workers in all Moslem Wrong, has beg"un her work. A lands. Its budget is provided by complete bibliography of all exist- the missions cooperating in the ing books and tracts in all the Af- Near East Christian Council. But rican languages has been prepared. it is handicapped by the lack of The recently organized Interna- money for the production and use

of printed matter, which is one of education, and every phase of huthe most effective means of pre- man life are in progress, and where senting the Gospel to Moslems. the new practice of writing the vernacular both in ideographs and Japan is a field where the con- in simplified forms is making it ditions are peculiarly favorable to possible for multitudes to become the use of literature. The produc- literate, the failure to make effection of literature of a secular type tive use of the printing press in is far in advance of that of Chris- the service of the Christian movetian literature. The educated ment is evidence of the lack of classes make large use of imported financial support and of real statespublications, which amount an- manship in administration. nually to a value of over $1,250,- 000. But for those who read only This rapid review is incomplete. Japanese the supply of Christian Simply for lack of space, no menbooks and periodicals is very in- tion is made of Korea, or the Philadequate. The mISSIOns and ippines, or Siam, or Malaysia, or churches unite in support of the Latin America. Everywhere the Christian Literature Society, and story is much the same. Some in several ,places in the islands good work has been and is being some missionaries with special done, but everywhere it is disprofunds successfully use the newspa- portionately small in comparison pers for systematic evangelistic with the efforts that are made in publicity. A few Christian books educational and medical work, and are issued annually by commercial pitifully small in relation to all the publishing houses. When, however, evangelistic work and purpose which the printed page might and we consider the "Kingdom of God should power'fully reenforce. Plans Movement" under the leadership for larger, better work have been of Mr. Kagawa, with its goal of a made, but the funds are lacking. greatly enlarged cllurch membership, eagerly evangelistic because The conclusions may be sumof the appreciation of the Gospel marized in a few brief paragraphs. in its significance for the Japanese The printed page is a major factor people in these days of change, it in all propa'ganda and its signifibecomes painfully clear how inade- cance for Christian preaching and quate the supply of Christian books teaching is greater than is usually and other printed matter is for the realized. By it maximum numbers most effective carrying forward of can be reached, repeated impresthis Movement, so great in its pos- sion is possible, and more thorsibilities. An effective program ough-going instruction can be realfor the production and use of time- ized than by mere oral tradition. ly Christian literature is most ur- But the support of missions and gently needed in Japan today. churches for a real program has not yet been obtained anywhere. The situation in China cannot be satisfactorily described in a What is to be done about it? paragraph. Much good work has There are a great possibility and been done in the past and is still necessity for cooperation both in being done. But in comparison production and distribution. The with the need and opportunity in Federation of Women's Boards has this great land, where revolutions shown how with a comparative1y in politics, industry, social customs, small sum of money used cooper-

atively really effective work can be be done by the men and women in done. But even the Federation has charge of local work. The responnot yet succeeded in getting its sibility for finding ways and means for these programs rests with the constituent boards to give litera- mission boards and it cannot yet be transferred to others. The ture a place in their programs, for boards can justify their adminisits funds come largely as special tration of the funds at their disgifts. There must come, first of all, posal only by making sure that in a recognition by the mission boards some way a certain proportion is of the value of literature, and then allocated to Christian literature. a decision on their part to give the support of literature programs a To adopt the device of broadplace in their budgets alongside casting advertisers, the author of that which is given to educational, this paper will gladly advise those medical and other forms of work. who may be interested in this sub- To transfer the responsibility for ject, as to how they can make a such decision to the missions in the contribution specifically for Chrisfield is impracticable, for the out- tian literature in any part of the look of the missions is necessarily world, to be expended by the mislimited to their local fields and sion board of the church to which they receive' insufficient funds for the donor belongs, if such persons the work with which they are al- will address him at 419 Fourth ready burdened. Literature pro- Avenue, New York City, and give grams must be developed on the name of his church. nation-wide scales, and this ~annot MORMONISM AND THE WAY OUT BY REV. CLATON S. RICE 8upe~'inten(J,ent., JJfontana Congregational OonJe'renee AYOUNG Gentile minister and hate heartily; who think spar- plunging into an isolated ingly, and who worry little, he ad- Mormon community over mired them, but he could not rectwenty years ago could see little of oncile himself to the church to good in the Mmmon Church. No which they belonged, one wholly matter how much he learned to ad- undemocratic and almost nonmire the devotion of individual Christian, as he believed, though Mormons to their church, their bearing the Christian name.

willingness to sacrifice to the very He often felt like writing: "The limit, their readiness to cooperatEv fruits of orthodox Mormonism in in the building of their new coun- both the spiritual and the ethical try to the extent of forgetting spheres cannot be looked upon themselves in the welfare of their with complacency. In my judggroup, he could not lose sight of ment the Mormon Church has an autocratic priesthood ruling a murdered true religion in thougroup of people as if by divine sands of good people. It has right. As he faced the virtues plunged them back into conditions which so many of them as indi- from which the race has struggled viduals possessed, the virtues of for centuries to free itself. It has people who live lustily, who love sanctified relationships and cus- 3

toms that the experience of cen- Pocatello, Idaho, the Mormon turies has proved to be unwise. It Church was so weak that it was has catered too much to the animal hardly worth noticing. Today it in man instead of the spiritual. It possesses six Wards, and a stronghas developed the coarse and has er membership in that thriving tried to crush the fine. It is at- railroad center than all other tempting to bring the whole world churches combined. It is seriously to its plane. It has produced some challenging the Y. M. C. A. in its people who feel so perfectly at attempt to minister to the recreahome in a world of sin, so self- tional and athletic needs of Pocarighteous, so cocksure, so utterly tello, just as it challenged, finally without conflicting passions which with success, the Salt Lake City tear at the hearts of folks with Y. M. C. A. Just a day ago, it tender sensibilities that they grow seems, there was a feeble Mormon sleek and fat and spread abroad congregation meeting in a rough over the land and draw weak souls little building on a back street in to themselves." Boise. Today it has completed an $80,000 meeting-house. Its prom- I am confident today, after these inent members are insinuating years of contact with Mormons, that the other churches of Boise that no deeply religious Mormon is have failed with the young people wholly happy with that which his of the town and that their church church is accomplishing in devel- is ready to furnish the only propoping spiritual life in his people. erly supervised dance in the town. At the same time, I can appreciate They are doubtless right, but by his pride as he points to its mate- patronizing this, the Gentile young rial accomplishments. Great as it people will help to raise the debt may be for a church to have a on the building and become somelarge hand in the building of a what Mormonized at the same brilliant material civilization, how- time. Just yesterday at Twin ever, I count that church a failure Falls they said that there were no which, taking the name of Jesus, Mormons in the town, or, if there refuses to build His spiritual con- were any, they were ashamed to ceptions and His ethics into its admit it. Today in that prosperous, members. distinctively American town, the Mormons are not at all ashamed But whether the M 0 r m 0 n to let their identity be known. A Church is a failure as a developer large new tabernacle is under way. of real spirituality or not, so far as I am able to judge, the religious Gradually moving west and future of a large group of the peo- north and south and even east, ple of the Intermountain West who they have spread into Idaho and are not now Mormons lies in its Arizona and Nevada and Wyoming hands. I am not happy when I and into California and Oregon. make this statement, but I am try- While it is true that the great ing to face conditions as they Mormon populations today are exist. Today in the Intermountain found in Utah and Idaho, and West, no church is spreading with while it is true also that Mormon such rapidity as the Mormon colonies have had backsets in some Church or is consolidating its of the western states, the fact of gains so thoroughly. the onward victorious march of It was just yesterday that in

MORMONISM AND THE WAY OUT

the Mormon Church in our west- cause for greater alarm than the ern states wHl not be questioned average community with a grow- by most men who are in a position ing Mormon population now dis- to k now. Many communitie3 plays.

which scarcely recognize their There is one cause for rejoicing, presence today, later wHl discover however. I am convinced that the that citizens classed as among present standards of the Mormon their choicest will call themselve; Church are changing, and that its Mormons when their foothold h ideals may be far higher twenty- the community seems secure. five years from now than they are With its perfect organization, today. I cannot forget this: my with its high birth rate, its prose- good Mormon friends have often lyting spirit, its intense loyalties, told me, that it is the proud claim the great brotherhood spirit it de- of their church that it welcomes velops among its own people, it 1 new truth whenever, and from willingness to lower standards b whatever source, it comes. I have the level of the ordinary ma'1 heard that preached from the pul- rather than to attempt to rais3 pit of their church scores of times.

them that men may reach loftier And scores of times have I heard heights, it is bound to spread a, hundreds of voices repeating i1'

long as men continue to crav2: solemn unison, "We believe all that sense pleasure and material thing;; God has revealed, all that He doe3 above spiritual and moral values. now reveal, and we believe that He The Mormon Church dreams of will yet reveal many great and im- a West where it can rule as it rule 1 portant things pertaining to the in Utah. It dreams, too, of a con- Kingdom of God." Surely that quered East with a Mormon in the carries with it, as a necessary cor- President's chair, in spite of th~ ollary, the possibility of recogniz- fact that Apostle-Senator Smoot ing that some old truths are im- states that because of religious in- perfect and must be restated when tolerance it is impossible for a new truth is discovered.

Mormon to be elected President of It is a pleasure to know that in the United States today. Far- accord with these oft-repeated lib- fetched dreams are they? Prob- eral declarations, the best minds ably. But unless the dry rot, in this church have been willing to which is even now eating at the give up some positions found to be heart of the Mormon Church, de- untenable. New knowledge and stroys the attractiveness of the ex- new experience have materially af- terior, the Mormon Church will fected the theology apd the cus- grow for years to come. toms of the Mormon Church.

As it spreads, its standards will For instance, the Adam-God be accepted more and more as the idea-"The only God with whom standards of the communities into we have to do is Adam"-a. prod- which it goes. Its ideals remain- uct of the teaching of Brigham ing what they are today, with the Young, once held and taught by increase in Mormon population we practically the whole church, has face a lowering of spiritual and been largely repUdiated. Polyg- ethical standards in many com- amy, which early crept into the munities where Pro t est ant church, in spite of the expressed churches have a real hold. This is disapproval of the Book of Mor- .

mon, once regarded as the very brought into the church, and who, cornerstone upon which the re- as well, hopes not only to save for plenished earth was to be built, the world the good that the church was found unnecessary. The has to offer but who hopes to save sloughing off of polytheistic con- the church itself from ultimate deceptions is gradually under way, struction. church standards to the contrary. Just now, new ideas, more like For this fact must be very evithose of Christian churches, re- dent to every Mormon who really garding the mission of Jesus and thinks: in spite of the wonderful the value of the Bible are being organization the church possesses, widely accepted. The singing of in spite of the magnificent loyalties the great Christian hymns and a of its people, and the forced loyalmore orderly church service are ties produced by economic and sohappy innovations which would cial pressure, without the finest of not have been tolerated years ago. spiritual and ethical values, the Evolutionary forces have been at brilliant material achievements of work and are still at work, which the church cannot keep it alive inare causing such gradual trans- definitely. Ultimately, in spite of formations in the church that the its promising present and immerank and file are not aware that diate future, the church is bound they are taking place. But they to crash unless there are marked are taking place l transformations. The very exist- ence of the Mormon Church de- Once grrmt the possibility of mands revolutionary changes! theological modifications, and ]JOU open the doors to far-reaching Now if the masses in the Morchanges in the theology of the mon Church are to be brought to church. Some of our Protestant higher things, it is very clear that churches have discovered this. the beliefs and ideals of the Mor- Such transformations can logically mon Church itself must be transtake place in the Mormon Church formed. Comparatively few indiin spite of revelations which must viduals now in the church will be be repudiated, for the process has brought to better things through already begun. This will be denied the proselyting work of other by the Mormon Hierarchy, but, churches or through new knowlnone the less, it is true. The proc- edge obtained in our universities, ef!S has begun! In spite of revela- if one may judge the future by the tions and c h u r c h standards, past. changes have been made. Doctrines have been repudiated, logi- This is not to say that the work cally or illogically. The bars are of the Christian churches in Mordown! Nothing less than the ulti- mondom should be made less agmate repudiation of those unchris- gressive. On the contrary, it tian conceptions, customs and should be carried forward with repractices which have injured the newed zeal, the working forces be- Mormon Church in days gone by ing constantly augmented by the and are blighting it today should addition of new blood. (In my satisfy the thinking Mormon who judgment the work of the Chrisfeels ::t genuine responsibility for tian Church in Mormondom is not those who, in the future, are to be primarily to proselyte but rather to preach Christian ideals and a sane interpretation of the Scrip-

tures, and to live a life which will Your task, liberal Mormon, if help in awakening individuals in you will allow a friend to point it the Mormon Church.) But with out, is to bring to your people all the help and sympathy which these facts and to convince them we can give, it seems to me that through wise and constant iterathe Mormon Church can be saved tion. How that can be most effrom ruin only by the transform- ficiently done is your problem. ing power which is exerted by en- You can solve it, if you really love lightened Mormons. your people and your church. All else is secondary. All reform It is very evident to me, that the within the church will be of no conception of the Priesthood and avail until the grip this idea of its authority which the Mormon Priesthood has upon your people Church treasures, that of a divine- is broken through a process of ly chosen and endowed group of education. When this hold is men, possessing all power upon loosened, and then broken, all the earth, must be completely uprooted good you may desire for your peobefore any permanent progress in ple and your church is possible. the church is possible. So long as With the transformations which a man feels that any man or group will follow this break, your church of men has' the right to dictate to may become a real Church of Jesus him what his religious, moral and Christ of Latter Day Saints, business duties and limitations rather than as it seems to some of are, just so long will the system re- us, a system used largely by a tain an increasingly great number group of economic exploiters, masof evils for him. So long as in the querading under the name of the eyes of the masses the Melchizedek Master and the saints. Priesthood is God's sole representative upon earth, unique and in- We have faith in your courage fallible, with the President of the and in your devotion to truth. church as the final court of appeal, You must be the instruments in God's vicegerant, so long will most this transformation, you thinking of the old ways remain. Until the Mormons of today. You who are masses can be made to realize, as the intellectual descendants of some of us now realize, that Jesus men who have been willing to en- Himself was anything but a priest, dure great tribulation for truth, after the Mormon order of Mel- as they saw it, in days gone by, chizedek, but was, instead, one of you must do this if it is done! Beus, our brother, "The Son of Man," cause I know you and appreciate and that God uses men not because your willingness to endure for the of any order of Priesthood which sake of truth, sometimes in the they have invented for themselves, stillness of the night a vision but only as they, through purity of comes to me, one so great and so life and the Christ-spirit of love glorious that it fills me with astonand brotherly kindness, place ishment and joy. themselves in position to be useduntil that time comes, there will be In my dream I see a great commonly found in the church in- c h u r c h which has developed justices, bribery, mental dishon- through the tribulation and soresty, theological crudities, and all row of many, many years. It is a that follows superstition. living, spiritual, ethical power as w~U {lS {l tremenqols ec;<momk

force, caring for the many-sided rapidity. Wherever it tou~hes welfare of all its people. Its name people, they are blessed. Thei;r I do not know, though it still may loyalties for it grow with the call itself the Church of Jesm; years, because this great experi- Christ of Latter Day Saints. For all I know, it may continue to hail ment in the religious and the eco- Joseph Smith its Prophet and nomic spheres is more successful Brigham Young its greatest lead- as time passes. A joyful people, er, and it still may possess, out- cooperating to bring about great wardly, much the same old form things in all spheres, working of of church government as well as its former great and undying loy- their own accord under the direcalties. tion of their leaders, whom they have elected, not through co€rcion There are many striking differ- Ilnd fear, but because they feel that ences between it and the old they can trust them-what a glowchurch, however, all the differ- ing dream it is! ences between autocracy and democracy, between semi-paganism We can dream the way out, but and Christianity. Because of this, the best minds and hearts in the in my dream I see that this great Mormon Church must work the church is growing with amazing way out. And they will, I believe, before another centennial rolls around.

THE MORMON CENTENNIAL AND THE PROTESTANT PROGRAM BY THE REV. HERBERT W. REHERD, D.D.

Pre8iaellt of ll'('tltminxtcr CoIlC{}f.. ~alt La 1M' CitJ} T HIS month, the Mormon The ten decades have witnessed Church celebrates its found- a steady and generous growth in ing by Joseph Smith, Jr. The the Mormon Church. Its memberhigh points of the celebrations are ship has gone beyond the 600,000 at Salt Lake City, Independence, mark. Its organization, developed Missouri, and Cumorah Hill near in the conflict with the desert, has Palmyra, New York. These hun- become one of the strongest and dred years have been full of stir- most efficient in the world. Its ring events for the Mormon system of religious education is not Church. As Professor Erickson excelled in America and trains a reminds us, there have been three steady stre3J1l of missionaries who, great conflicts. The first was the to the number of more than 2,000, conflict with the "Gentiles" in Mis- are constantly and zealously souri and Illinois; the second the spreading the doctrine of the "Latconflict with the desert in Utah; ter Day Saints" throughout the the third the conflict now waging United States and the world. with modern thought. The first two bound Mormons more closely There are elements of real together in self defense, the third strength in the Mormon system is likely to cause the church more outside of the religious appeal. The trouble than either of the other authority in their papal type of two. organization, the control over so- cial, educational, commercial and

MORMON CENTENNIAL AND THE PROTESTANT PROGRAM

political life, the temple ordinances, in the division of territory under the clan spirit developed through the Utah Home Missions Council, the years-these and other lesser yet in view of the spirit of church elements have combined to make union in the air there are still Mormonism today a power which greater possibilities of church cocannot be overlooked. Most of us operation in the Mormon sector. will agree with Dr. Wm. M. Paden when he says that Mormonism is The colportage work, whether the largest, best located, best or- through Sunday-school mISSIOnganized, wealthiest and most ag- aries or by gospel tents and waggressive of all the false religions ons, has a possibility through of America. denominational cooperation such as has not yet been realized. I be- In the celebration of the centen- lieve that there is the possibility nial we may expect to hear a repe- of practical work here through the tition of two statements which combined action of the National have been drummed into Mormon Home Missions Council and the ears in recent years. As stated by Utah Home Missions Council. Dr. Claton S. Rice in his new volume entitled "The Mormon The distinctive Protestant Chris- Way," they are: (1) We are a per- tian schools of Utah have reached secuted people; (2) we are su- a low ebb in numbers but are mainperior to all others. Skillful play- taining an effective standard of ers on the heart strings have used work. There is little question that these two notes to bind Mormons these schools have been the greatinto an unusually loyal group. est single force to change Mormon- ism. Their power should be even In view of this dominant and greater in the days ahead. At least growing religious organization of in the one college, Westminster, Utah, what should be the Protes- there are possibilities through the tant program in the strong Mor- combination of denominations that mon states of the far west? have been little realized so far. Many of those intimately con- It must be constructive and not cerned are interested in a thorcombative. The old day of bitter ough-going interdenominational argument and abuse has gone. To- institution which will make a day it. must be the New Testament strong impress upon the whole life power of light, love and truth. It of Utah. must be an attempt to show that life lived after the pattern of Jesus A united and sympathetic Prot- Christ is more beautiful and satis- estant impact upon Mormonism at factory than life after the pattern its home base has every hope of of Joseph Smith. seeing this church swing through It must be a unified program, in the second century away from Jochurches, colportage and school seph Smith and his strange docwork. While Utah has probably trines, to Jesus and the principles set the best example of all states of the New Testament.

Give us, oh, give liS, the man who sings at his work! Be his occupation what it may, he is equal to any of those who follow the same pursuit in silent sullenness. He does more in the same time– he will do it better-he will persevere longer.-Carlyle.

MOUNTAIN

Notable Address at the Jubilee Celebration of the National Indian Association BY MAJOR GENERAL HUGH L. SCOTT I ESTEEM it a great honor to be and partly by Indians, the Prairie invited to speak to this cultured Band of Chippewa or Ojibway as audience of friends of the Indian, they call themselves, who forced whose friend I also have tried all their way out of the woods of Minmy life to be. I have read with in- nesota on to the plains of North terest the list of the achievements Dakota less than 150 years ago.

of this Association during the past There are some Crees, and a pefifty years and congratulate you culiar body of people called Red upon the work accomplished. Fifty River half-breeds. Should you ask years is a long time for any organi- one his name he would be likely to zation to function steadily for an give you some such name as Donald altruistic purpose. I have seen Grant, and you would know at once sortle of your establishments in the that his ancestors came long ago West where much good work was from one of the Orkney Islands as being done, and I note with satis- an engage of the Hudsons Bay faction that the site you have pur- Company and married a Cree or chased at Turtle Mountain, N. D., Ojibway woman. The next one is off the reservation where there may tell you his name is Baptiste is less chance of friction with the Longeais, and you recognize that government authorities than on his ancestor came from Three the reservation and you are far Rivers or some town on the Lower more independent. St. Lawrence in the Province of I have been asked to speak about Quebec as a voyageur in search of the "Turtle Mountain" of North furs and may have been of the Dakota, which is a range of hills noblest blood of France. He also of low altitude in the shape of a married a Cree or Ojibway woman. turtle 100 miles long. It is bisected But no matter what their name or east and west by the international origin, they all spoke a curious border line between Canada and French with Cree Chipeway or North Dakota and is partially cov- Sioux, were all Roman Catholics, ered by a low growth of oak, elm, and in my youth were all fond of birch, popular, aspen and box el- alcohol, the fiddle and dancing. der. The wild raspberry yields plenty of delicious fruit in its sea- These Red River half-breeds son and the high bush cranberry is formed a tribe of their own, usually married among themselves and found which gives its name to the their children were thus half-breeds town, the mountain, and the for generations. Their primal river Pembina. In my youth there home was on both sides of the line were elk, moose, deer and bear still along the Red River of the North, to be found in the Turtle Mountain, the shores of Lake Winnipeg, the but now only ducks with a few Saskatchewan and tributaries. sharptailed grouse. The mountain They all cultivated little vegetable is inhabited partly by white men gardens, or rather they planted 280 them but soon left them to care for keep off the muddy fioor. By the themselves until harvest time, time camp was arranged, a quart while the owners congregated of steaming tea with a handful or somewhere in the west in two two of pemmican would be given bands – one on the White Horse each man, which a tenderfoot Prairie on the Assiniboine River of would receive with scorn as en- Canada west of Winnipeg, the other tirely inadequate for a man who in a suitable location in North had traveled all day. But seven Dakota near the buffalo. Here pounds of fresh meat went to the they each elected a captain and making of that pound of pemmican agreed upon rules for their guid- and he soon found that his eyes ance, after which they would start were larger than his stomach and out for the buffalo in order to he could eat no more. Then, after make meat and robes; one of their replenishing the fire, they would main products was pemmican- lie around it wrapped in buffalo dried buffalo meat reduced to a robes-heads to the wall-the wind powder by beating with a stone roaring overhead sometimes at 56° hammer. This was placed in a below zero. While sheltered in rawhide saak to the depth of six their snowpit from the wind, they inches upon which six inches of would sleep in comfort the sleep of melted fat was poured and thor- the tired, well fed, and contented. oughly mixed with the meat, which If awakened by the cold they would process was continued until the replenish the fire, look up for sack was full when the mouth of it awhile at the Aurora Borealis they was sewed up and the meat would thought were the spirits of the dead remain in that condition for years dancing in the north or at the brilif kept dry. The pemmican was liant stars marching so silently overhead – so near one could aloften mixed with dried service most reach up and pull one down. berries or pounded choke cherries. Two sacks would be a good port- These were kindly docile felage load and much of the season's lows, quiet, trustworthy, good product would be sold to the Hud- hunters-well behaved if there was sons Bay Co. to feed their men and no whiskey-happy when with the carried by canoe beyond the Arctic buffalo, good husbands and fathers Circle. I used to buy this pem- as well as good Catholics, for the mican to feed my hunting dogs at "Father" usually went out with Fort Totten, a military post on the those caravans of 1,200 or 1,500 south side of Lake Mini-wakan, a carts in search of buffalo. These spirit lake of the Sioux-miscalled Red River carts were peculiar to Devils Lake for the Sioux knew no this country and this people. They devil. were homemade, entirely of wood without any metal, with high When traveling on snowshoes wheels modeled after the carts of over those frozen wastes and night Normandy. The felloe s were came on after a hard day of toil, pinned together with dowels and the half-breed scouts would dig wrapped with buffalo rawhide that, down into the snow six feet or more once dried, acted like bands of to the bottom of a ravine in the steel. These carts were drawn by middle of which a fire would be Indian ponies or oxen wearing a started and the ground covered with spruce boughs as a carpet to hone collar stuffed with antelope

hair, the harness made of rawhide. the northwest passage. He was These carts were very light, could escorted by a large band of As- carry up to 1,000 pounds and could siniboine friends on foot because be used as a boat for crossing the horse in its spread over the streams; the ox with his spread- plains had not then reached so far ing foot would take them easily north. He returned to Montreal through a swamp. by the way of a fort his subordinate I have seen one hundred of these had built where is now Portage La Red River carts standing in the Prairie, Canada, still on foot. Two streets of Winnipeg at one time. of his sons came back to the earth- "Jean Baptiste," as the breed was en villages of the Mandans, whose called, would ride a horse beside sites can still be pointed out on the cart which was driven by his both sides of the Missouri at the wife with the children, pups and mouth of the Heart River near Bis- household gear piled inside. The mark. They traveled southwest to axles of these carts were always the . Black Hills of Dakota and of wood and protested loudly to planted a lead plate near Pierre, heaven their lack of grease so as S. D., claiming the sovereignty of to be heard coming for miles. All that country for France in 1743.

the freighting between Fort Garry, This plate was found by some chil- Pembina and St. Cloud and St. dren near Pierre and it is now in Paul was done at one time on long the State historical society of South trains of these carts, carrying Dakota. They were the first Euro- down meat and furs, bringing back peans to see the Mandan and Chey- flour, calico, sugar, hardware, enne Indians and the Black Hills rifles, blankets and ammunition- of Dakota. They got horses from and, alas, whiskey at times-until the Cheyennes beyond the Missouri the coming of the steamboat to Red and went back mounted to their River ended all that. Today the fort at Portage la Prairie, still in Red River cart, so superbly adapted 1743.

to its day and environment, can be The next to see the Turtle Moun- fou,nd only in museums, and the tain and leave a record was David hunter of buffalo, dressed on Sun- Thompson in 1789. He was prob- day for mass in moccasins, buck- ably the greatest geographer that skin trousers, dark blue broadcloth ever lived, but he is known only to coat with skirt and brass buttons, a few because his work was hidden a red sash and a porkpie hat, has from knowledge by the Hudsons become, like the buffalo, a thing of Bay Co. for 100 years. Next. Alex- the past to be seen no more on ander Henry, the fur trader, in earth save with the eyes of mem- 1806, who went out and came back ory or imagination. to his trading post on Red River.

The first EUropean to see the As the buffalo became more and Turtle Mountain was Le Sieur de more scarce, the caravans had to la Terendrye, who skirted its north- go farther and farther west each western side in 1738 enroute to the year for their meat and robes. I Mandan earth lodge villages near saw them in 1877 so far up Milk Bismarck, Dakota, in search of the River they could not get back to sea of the west by a river that he Red River the same year and had expected would take him to the built log houses on Milk River in Pacific, that will-o'-the-wisp we call which to winter, near where the

TURTLE MOUNTAIN

town of Chinook is now on the I found the me'n ·putting up hay Great Northern Railway. They with great energy, but they are lived at times in skin lodges with poor, their food usually scant and their carts all around Devils Lake. clothing insufficient for that north- I went in 1878 to Fort Totten on ern climate, probably the coldest in the South Side, having carried a the United States. The good citidespatch 82 miles from the North- zens of Rolla gave them $12,000 as ern Pacific at Jamestown on a a gift to prevent suffering-a very single horse in 24 hours, Thanks- severe tax on that scattered comgiving Day, 1878, with snow cov- munity none too well-to-do them- selves-showing a most unusual atering all the roads. titude for white communities to I took Mrs. Scott there as a bride take toward Indians, a burden they ought not be called upon to asin 1880. Our eldest son, was born sume. I inquired for myoId scouts, there. I helped construct the first but found they were all dead alsteamboat on the Lake and I built though some of their children lived. the first telegraph line north of the Northern Pacific from Fort Totten The Washington authorities had to Larimore, 78 miles, in 1882. We neglected the settlement of these constructed ,a fine dock out into Indians and allowed white men to eight feet of clear water. When settle on the Mountain, and when Mrs. Scott and I went to look for the time came to allot the Indians it in 1926 we had hard work to find the best of the land was gone. it a mile or more from the water Some were allotted it in Montana, and covered over by forest, for the far away in the dry country where lake had fallen 20 feet and it was nothing but a sage hen or a jackno longer the lake we had known rabbit could make a living. I in our youth and the Post was now recommended that the Montana an Indian school. The military lands be given up as too dry and band could be heard there no longer too far away from their relatives, and the memory of the friends of and exchanged for land near TUrtle the days there of joy and sorrow, Mountain even if it had to be purof the deaths, the dinners, and chased for the purpose; but I have dances was all that was left to us. not heard yet of any activity. The land along the mountain is very We were traveling in a car fertile and will grow anything the loaned to us by the Great Northern climate will permit. Winter comes Railway. It was put on the branch early and stays late, and killing line and took us up to Rolla. We frosts prevent the opening of some were taken to Belcourt, named aft- crops, but wheat, rye and vegeer the devoted Priest Father Bel- tables do remarkably well. court who ministered long to the half-breeds of that country. From There is a wide field here for the agency I was taken up on the missionary effort with a fine docile Turtle Mountain where we could people, and I wish you every suclook far off into Canada, to Bot- cess in your enterprise. tineau, named after the famous half-breed guide scout interpreter, I,on~ would put a lW'" face on this visited the houses of the half- WI':!I";r 0}e1 world. ill which ve dwpll 118 breeds and noted their condition so png-alls HIHl f'l1f'llIi,>N t(IO lon~ . . . . . . I~ove as to make recommendation to Washington for their betterment. will u{'complish t-hat hr imIH'l'Ceptihlc'

nwthodl'l ·whjr'h forep wnllhllWYt>r achien~. –Emcr..-eoH.

INDIAN EDUCATION WHAT MIGHT

BEEN AND WHAT STILL MAY BE'

BY PRINCIPAL F. B. RIGGS Suntee Normul 'l'J"flJiniug School~ Santee, Nebraska SUPPOSE that, sixty or seventy you to build schools. Your chil- years ago when we Europeans dren will help pay for their tuition destroyed the buffaloes, our by part-time labor in those schools.

government had said to the In- You, their parents, will pay for dians that this invasion is what the building and upkeep of the has happened to many races. In schools and for the subsistence of all other cases the vanquished race your children from the money we was overwhelmed. Now we could pay you for the lands you are re- not prevent this invasion, but we linquishing. We will keep a strict will do differently from what has and open account with you of all ever been done before-we will do these matters. Meanwhile we are all we can.to make amends for the giving you employment so that you invasion. You Indians have been may earn a living as you always hard working people, earning your have, and a less precarious and living from the chase. Now we better living than by hunting.

will assist you to other ways of Suppose we had brought up the working for your living. We will Indians in some such businesslike purchase the lands you are relin- way, would there be an Indian quishing. And in order that we problem today? Instead of that may pay you the most for those we corralled the Indians on reser- lands we will employ you to help vations and fed them rations. Then us improve them. Then, to tell it we issued them agricultural im- briefly, the program would have plements to work for themselves been the employment of Indians to when we had by the rations taken build roads that would have imme- away most of the occasion and in- diately added to the value of all centive for their working.

the Indian land, and the building We should never have given our of dams to collect water for cattle Indians one spoonful of rations, and irrigation. The Indians em- but should have given them em- ployed in these projects would have ployment which would not have received wages and would have cost any more. We attempted to bought their food and clothing have them work for themselves from convenient traders and would first whereas the natural way to gradually have become industrious begin is to work for others first and thrifty. No rations would and finally to become capable of have ever been allowed. working for oneself. We expected Then our government would Indians who had never been agri- have said, it isthe law in this new culturists (the Sioux) directly to nation, of which we require you to become such, and that, too, on land become a part, that all children which only the most skilled and pa- must be educated. We will assist tient white man could make pro- ·Fl'ntn nn fljllll'f"AS fit tlif' Thirty-fifth Indian ductive. Then, too, those Indians Conferencel 1Io]1onk Lake~ N. y" October, 1929. were naturally better mech~nics 284 than farmers. Any wild Sioux bally. We drilled and blasted. We forty years back would have done opened the pit and built a dump.

better employed in an automobile Then we lined up the Indians, pov- factory than farming for himself. erty stricken whites along with The Indians would have been much them. Our township oand local sooner educated into citizens cap- road man deserve all the credit. In able of working for themselves if order to make our money hold out, they had been brought up by a we paid only half the usual wages businesslike and rational program for full time work under doubly rather than by one that was topsy- hard conditions. And there was turvy. some kicking about that, but they The better program may be fol- came to it. And the starving In- lowed even yet. Last winter the dians worked and ate and worked S-antees were starving mostly be- some more. And we hard-surfaced cause of sitting around all summer the worst parts of our main road talking about the millions of dol- to town-a tremendous benefit to lars to be gotten from the govern- every member of our community.

ment on the Black Hills claim. We have all plans made for work The drought was a minor factor. of the same kind next winter. I Our government supervisor was am talkmg about higher education appealed to for rations-back to for Indians, and therefore have rations that we had been years get- mentioned the highest education ting away from! I appealed to the first. The only thing that can save supervisor never to allow it. I these people is employment and don't know what he did, but there the kind of education that prepares were no rations. However, some- them for and leads them into em- thing good came to pass. I am ployment.

telling this only to show what al- Then what about our schools?

ways should have been done and Rations, idleness and pauperiza- what may yet be done on a larger tion has been our program; where- scale. Our little Santee township as it might have been employment, had saved in its treasury a few wages, and thrift. Then came our hundred dollars. Some of us pro- Indian schools with paternalism posed to pay that as wages to our continued still more extravagantly.

starving people for graveling our Our Indians have never set much main road. We fought consider- value on education because they able opposition, but won out. Some have never done much if anything millions of years ago the glacier for it. We should have begun at which pushed the Missouri River the first, as I said, to teach them a hundred miles out of its course to pay for their schooling. And and deposited some of the best though it has now come to pass gravel in the world just where we that we have made them less and wanted it. But the weather was "less able to pay, we must have terrible, temperature twenty be- them more and more do what they low, the Missouri frozen deeper can.

than it had been for forty years, Now the worst trouble with our snow deep, and how the wind Indian schools is (I include my howled over that gravel hill! We own school in all my statements) who were the promoters had to that they are not leading Indian agitate physically as weB as ver- young people into employment.

There appears to be a condition in same salaries that teachers have, Bulgaria, described in the Septem- a most needed service, a position ber number of the Chri.~tian Cen- of greatest importance and honor, tury, which is an extreme form of one that does more for the making the condition into which we are or unmaking of a school than alheading. In Bulgaria the schools most any other! have produced too many intellectual,; and unfitted young people for Our Indian schools are not heluthe work that belong,; to them. ing Indian young people into the There are too many looking for service work that they should do white-collared positions. I quote a to earn a living nor into the serv- ice needed in their communities. few lines: But as a relief from this doleful tale, let me tell of one who did go The supreme need of the Near East out from our Santee school lately is apcstles net experts. people wi1ling (even as many others have done to work in villages with and for vil- though not as many as should have' lagers. Such people cannot be create:! gone from ours and all other in city schools. Such schools kill the schools). This one is becoming idealistic spirit and dilute apostolic such an apostle to his people as the ardor, annihilate idealism and hero- Bulgarian article described. He ism. A new type of educated man was not one of our promising pumust be created. All his patriotism pils. He left school to become a and love of adventure and attachment dissipated never-do-well and went to poetry and passion for achievement to the limit repeatedly. But after must find expression in that heroi~, many prayers and persuasions, a muddy, dusty, smelly crus!lde for vil- spirit of change came over him lage redemption. He must be as Jesus and he returned to school asking with fishermen, as Paul with tent for special courses to prepare himworkers, as Booker Washington with self to be a missionary. There Negroes, as Moses with his slaves. soon happened to be a place to try There is no more glorious social or him out in a far out station and spiritual task in the world. the preacher's reformed Son was sent. He arrived amid many diffi- Now there has arisen a great culties, temperature twenty below prophet in that country, a Dr. Has- and the attitude of the people kell, a missionary from America, colder yet. The parsonage is a hut. and he is reforming education to The few window lights had been meet the needs of the common peo- broken by boboos (Indian for hoodple and those people are flocking lums) . The house was full of snow. 0 u r young missionary to him. hustles some miles to the nearest Our American education has Bul- store for glass, repairs the win- dows, digs wood from snow drifts, garianitis. Our American schools and makes wife and children comare not assisting young people fortable. The people have given into needed occupations but rather him no welcome. But he is soon away from them. Witness the fact on his rounds, using his mechanithat if I want a teacher I write cal ability developed at school, one letter to an agency and in the helping to repair their huts; and next mail receive fifty applications. so he wins a welcome. At first call But if I want a school cook, I write fifty letters and search over seven states and find never a one! Now there should be plenty of young women for school cooks at the

1930J IN INDIAN EDUCNrION WHAT-

of spring, he plants garden and young missionary's preaching- field and makes fences, and is on and good reason why! This is a the go early and late through his true story and all happened within neighborhood encouraging his peo- the last nine months. It should be ple to do likewise. This is new to the far-searching aim of our In- them only in the enthusiasm of the dian schools to produce more re- new leader. Those who had failed sults like that in all fields of lead- before are caught by the new con- ership. tagion. Description of one typical There is an increasing tendency example will be sufficient. There of our larger Indian schools to was a long-haired old Indian man. aspire to high school standing; not He had often been told how to a good tendency. A high school plant by a government farmer course prepares nobody for any- (probably all he had time to do). thing in particular. We need more But long ago Henry Clay Trumbull industrial schools and fewer high said telling is not teaching. Teach- schools in all America lest we conis causing to know, he said, and I tract Bulgarianitis. I mean that might add helping to do. Perhaps we need more thorough industrial the well meaning but too busy schoohc I do not advocate schools "farmer in 'charge" had not read of a sordid materialistic sort that Henry Clay Trumbull. But some- would make man only a machine how our reformed preacher's son to earn a living. We want industrailed with him from our school trial schools that are uplifting in a glimmering of a sense of real character, schools where pupils service and that is the kind he ren- learn to appreciate the wonders dered. He persistently and repeat- and beauties of God's world so edly showed the old man, as he did that they will have mental vision the many others day after day. as well as skill of body; that their And by and by the old man was minds may soar while their feet proudly pointing all his friends to are on the ground and their hands, a crop, saying "Kada wanyaka as Booker Washington said, in the uJO" (Behold what I have done). earth.

The young missionary helped on N ow, therefore, everything through the harvest and the mar- everywhere for Indian employketing and one day the happy old ment, employment- for the adults man came home with money jin- at home. And let us have schools gling in his pocket, the only valu- that actually prepare young peoable money he had ever known! ple for modern industry, and then N ow those Indians listen to that a method for getting them into it.

A PRAYER FOR ALL MISSIONARIES o Merciful Father, we commend to Thy care and love all whom Thou hast called to labor in the mission fields. Give thEm comfort and sure confidence in Thee; pour upon them the abundance of Thy Holy Spirit; grant them the gifts of language and of sympathy; prosper their work; cheer and encourage them in loneliness and difficulty; keep them in health and safety under Thy protection, and give them grace to obey, with readiness, Thy Holy Will, through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Of THE

Annual Meeting of the Review many religious activities. He has been a member of the Board of Di- The annual meeting of the stock- rectors of the MISSIONARY REVIEW for holders of the MISSIONARY REVIEW, the last five years, and the editor and in New York, February 13, was an his fellow directors have been greatly occasion of deep interest. The re- indebted to his faithful and intelliports covered a wide range of topics. gent cooperation. He carries with Plans for the future were outlined. him into his retirement the good Letters were read from the Editor, wishes and prayers of all his associ- Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, who, with his ates and of missionaries and friends wife, is visiting the missions in Asia, in many denominations as well as his and the annual address of the Presi- own. dent, Dr. Robert E. Speer, was char- acterized by the breadth of view and inspirational statement for which he The Naral Conference is so widely known. The eyes of the world are focused The officers and Board of Directors on the Naval Conference now in ses- were reelected, with the exception of sion in London. It is rightly regarded the Rev. Dr. Charles L. White, who, as one of the most momentous con- having retired from active service, as ferences of modern times, and its in- explained in another editorial on this fluence is certain to be profound and page, was replaced by the Rev. P. H. far reaching. We would fain write J. Lerrigo, M.D., Secretary of the at length about it, but we realize that American Baptist Foreign Mission it is not complete and that it may as- Society. The stockholders and direc- sume a different phase by the time tors enter another year of service these pages are read. We can only more strongly convinced than ever of say that, as this number goes to press, the value of the REVIEW to the cause the prospect of that reduction of arma- of Christ at home and abroad and ments which is so earnestly desired with renewed prayer and consecration. by the enlightened public opinion of the world, and which found such noble Dr. Charles L. ";hite expregsion in President Hoover's mes- sage to Congress December 3, is not The Baptist Church and the cause as hope,ful as had been expected. It of Home Missions as a whole have is indeed a gain that, since the Con- suffered a loss' in the retirement of ference cannot agree to abolish sub- Dr. White from active service. He marines, it has at least agreed that has been an officer of the American they be subject to the same rules as Baptist Home Mission Society for surface warships; but unfortunately twenty-one and a half years, nine the latter bid fair to be more rather years as Associate Secretary and than less numerous. Italy wants the twelve and a half as Executive Secre- same strength as France. Japan wants tary. He has represented his church her ratio increased. Great Britain and society on various interdenomi- feels that these demands, if conceded, national committees and organizations, would enlarge the tonnage that she and has been an influential factor in would require to maintain her ratio.

288

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

America is at once involved by the the subject have been published* and principle of parity between the Brit- innumerable newspaper and magazine ish and American navies, which had articles. Every newspaper in India is been agreed to before the Conference said to be still discussing it, and fre- assembled and which was hailed with quent references to it continue to be much gratification. But it bids fair made in the American and European to be a grievous disappointment, since press. Beside the fifteen books re- it appears to be clear that the British ferred to is one by Miss Mayo her- navy, while reduced, will be kept at self, "Slaves of the Gods." She such a level that, in order to build up describes twelve pitiable cases which, to it, the United States must spend she declares, are "taken from real the huge sum of a billion dollars in life," and she cites the opinions of five years for the increase of its navy. forty-nine prominent East Indians, So far as America is concerned, there- several Indian edited newspapers, the fore, the principle of parity is likely government census, reports of govern- to operate to do just the reverse of ment committees, proceedings of In- what President Hoover and an over- dian conventions, and sworn testimony whelming majority of the American before the committee on "the age of people have desired, and the only per- consent." Nearly all of this material sons who rejoice are the militaristic followed the appearance of "Mother "jingoes" and "big navy" men. India." The agitation became so acute In spite ot' the fact that all the that it received official attention. Mr.

participating governments signed the J. Coatman, Director of Public Infor- Kellogg Pact for the renunciation of mation of the Government in India, in war as an instrument of national a report to the British Parliament, policy, the Conference is apparently stated that the "event which engrossed dominated by a war psychology, as- public attention more fully than anysuming that it must provide for pos- thing else was the publication of Miss sible strife instead of possible peace. Katherine Mayo's book 'Mother India' The British and American press is …… Practically every newspaper in outspoken in criticism, and prayers India denounced the book as a scurare being offered in thousands of rilous libel. ….. A violent agitation churches and myriads of homes. was kept up in the Indian press and Christians everywhere recognize that on public platforms, and the controthe fundamental question is religious versy was extended to a great part of as well as political, really more reli- the civiliZEd world . . . . . . The governgious than political. Are Christ's ment spokesman in the Legislative Asspirit of love and brotherhood to reg- ulate international relations, or the • As we have not seen the fifteen books resuspicions and jealousies of animals ferred to listed together anywhere, we append in a jungle? Verily, "this kind can come out by nothing, save by prayer?" them here.

A. J. B. "Understanding India, It by Gertrude Vil- Iiams (Howard-McCann); "Neighbour ImUa~' "Mother India" Agitation by Agnes Burr, (Revell); "Living India," by Still Burning Savel Ziman, (Longmans, Green) j "Unhappy Iudia," by Lajpat Ral, (Banna Publishin~ Co., Few books remain prominent in Culeutta); "Sister India," "World CitlZen," public discussion several years after . (Sister India Omce, Bombay); "Father Intheir publication, but Katherine dia, a Reply to Mother India," C. S. Ranga Mayo's "Mother India" is one of them. Iyer, (London, Selwyn & Blount); Hlndia, The agitation that it aroused on its Step-mother," Sir Claude Hill, (London, Blackpublication in 1927 is as intense as wood); "Uncle Sham, Being the Strange Tale ever. No less than fifteen books on of a Civilization Run Amok," (La.hore, Times Publishing Co.); "A Son of Mother India An- 4 svers." Dhan Gopal Mukerji, (Dutton); "In· dia: Its Characters, a Reply to ·Mother India,'!1 J. A. Chapman, (Oxford); "Miss Mayo's Mother India; a Rejoinder," K. Nata- rujan, (Madras); "India on Trial," by J. A., (Macmillan); "India in Bondage: Her Right to Freedom," Jabez T. Sunderland, (Lewis Copeland); "Shlva, or the Future of India," R. J. Minney. (Dutton); "After Mother In- dia," Harry H. Field, (Harcourt Brace).

sembly was subjected to a rain of tactful, reformers had been writing questions." and talking for over half a century, and that hardly any impression had Everybody is apparently agreed been made. It is true that the law of that "Mother India" so concentrated 1925 had raised the age of consent to attention upon bad social customs that thirteen; but Rai Sahib Harbilas it gave a misleading impression to the Sarda declared in the Legislative Asuninformed reader who would not sembly, September 15, 1927, that "the have learned from it that some of its law of the age of consent, so far as statements are exaggerated; that marital relations are concerned, is a there were East Indians who were al- dead letter." Miss Mayo cites the ready protesting against the evils that opinions of nine other well-known Inshe so vividly portrayed; and that dians to the same effect (pages 261there is a better side to the people of 264). And Mrs. Muthulakshmi Reddi, India than one would gather from her Deputy President of the Madras Legpages. Gladly recognizing this, how- islative Council, testified March 27, ever, the evidence is overwhelming 1928: "As for social reform work and that the horrors of child marriage the education of the public, we have and its resultant effect upon its help- been doing educative propaganda work less victims and the Hindu people are all these fifty or sixty years, and still all that she represented them to be. the progress is very little. I have now The two main criticisms that we have figures on hand to show that early seen in prin't and heard in conferences marriages are rather on the increase impress us as ignoring some funda- throughout India." mental considerations. The evils which Miss Mayo dis- Misleading Criticisms cussed are so formidable, so impreg- nable to assault by ordinary methods, One of these criticisms is that there and so deeply rooted in the social cusare social vices in America and Eng- toms and religious convictions of the land, and that one could write as star- Hindus that nothing but a sledge hamtling a book about them as Miss Mayo mer vigorously wielded could make an has written about India. Some of the impression on them. Grant that Miss fifteen books referred to above and Mayo's method was severe. So was hundreds of newspaper articles have Martin Luther's but it did the busiused this tu quoque argument. Every ness as Erasmus never could have decent American admits with shame done. When President Roosevelt was and humiliation that there are evil assailed for his ruthless exposure of conditions in his own land. But it certain great corporations, he replied should be noted that these evils are that the vital thing was not how or by condemned by both public sentiment whom the light was turned on, but and rEligion; while in India they are what the light exposed. It is as easy supported by public opinion and en- to criticize Miss Mayo as it is to crititrenched in religion. Na American cise most reformers. She deserves father feels compelled, under fear of some of the criticisms that she is resocial ostracism in this life and pun- ceiving. ishment in the next, to marry off his daughter by the age of twelve. There Results of the Agitation is a world of difference here, and one who does not take account of it misses But objections to Miss Mayo's use of one of the major points in the case. a sledge hammer should not divert attention from her success in batter- The other common criticism is that ing a way into the wall of evil that Miss Mayo's method was unduly harsh had hitherto stood unbroached. That and that if she had written in a more she has succeeded in doing this is now kindly and tactful way she would not clear. It is highly unfortunate that have aroused such resentment in India. her book caused a bitterness in India This overlooks the fact that kindly,

that intensified the feeling against all a very difficult and yet a very impor- white people. But if she stung some tant one. Of course they are encour- Hindus to anger, she stung others to aged as they see age-old walls of prej- action and strengthened the hands of udice being weakened. But they have reformers who had long helplessly de- to live among the people whose an-'

plored the evils of child marriage. cient and sacred customs and super- This is frankly admitted by Mr. Nata- stitions have been challenged and rajan, Editor of the Indian Social Re- whose enmity is easily kindled when former, who writes: their religious practices are interfered It must be admitted, too, that, while with by foreigners. And yet it is her (Miss Mayo's) poisonous generaliza- clearer than ever that, in India as tions about Indians and especially about Hindus as a class aroused resentment, elsewhere, no movement for reform her book has stimulated action which can permanently succeed till the prinotherwise would not have come so soon. ciples of the Gospel of Christ have Indian opinion is almost morbidly sensi- leavened the social order and created tive to Western criticism; and Miss a sustaining public sentiment. In Mayo's billingsgate has gone home more "Mother India" an outsider has struck effectively than the long and patient a smashing blow at a huge evil. The propaganda of social reformers in many Christians in India, foreign and nacircles hitherto but slightly responsive to their reasoned arguments. tive, must now deal with the situation It is probable too, that the agita- that has developed. They need, and tion aroused' by "Mother India" made should have in abundant measure, the possible the passage of some laws cooperation and prayers of Christians which had often been proposed but in other lands. A. J. B.

which had no chance of passage until her book developed an imperious de- CHIEF JUSTICE TAFT mand that forced the hand of reac- The death of William Howard Taft, tionariEs and timid government offi- March 9th, was mourned in the Philip- cials. Chief among these is the law pines as well as in America. The old- enacted in September, 1929, entitled er missionarieS gratefully remember "An Act to Restrain the Solemniza- his courtesy and fairness when he was tion of Child Marriages." This law, Governor General of the Archipelago.

commonly called the "Sarda Marriage When his attention was called to the Bill," the name of its proposer, raised fact that, under Spanish law, Protes- the minimum age of marriage consent tant churches could not receive title to for girls from thirteen to fourteen, property he personally drafted the law fixed eighteen as the minimum age for of October 19, 1901, which gave them boys, and bore penalties of one thou- the right to do so. In 1908 he said: sand rupees fine and one month im- "I have known a good many people prisonment for any male who either who were opposed to Foreign Mis- contracts or consummates a marriage sions. I confess that there was a time under these ages. How fully this law when I rather sympathized with that will be enforced remains to be seen. view. Until I went to the Orient, I did The editor of The People, Lahors, de- not realize the immense importance of clared that "the Sarda Bill will ob- Foreign Missions . . . Missions in literate the worst of the Miss Mayo those Islands are doing a grand and evils in India." But the orthodox noble work . . . I thank you for the Hindus indignantly protested that opportunity of speaking on behalf of child marriage is enjoined by their religion; that the law "infringes the this body of Christian men and women elementary rights and privileges of a large section of His Imperial Majesty's who are doing a work which is indis- pensable to the spread of Christian civilization." subjects," and is "a wanton outrage Filipinos joined Americans in tribon Hindu as well as Moslem feeling." utes to his memory. He was univer- The position of the missionaries is sally honored and loved. EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions The door between us and Heaven cannot be open when the door between us and our fenowmen is closed.

A GROUP OF SUPERLATIVELY USABLE METHODS FOR HELPING THE CAUCASIAN-AMERICAN TEEN-AGE GIRL TO UNDERSTAND THE INDIAN-AMERICAN TEEN-AGE GIRL By MISS HELEN M. BruCKMAN, Secretary for Indian Work of the Council of Women 1M" Home Missions What Are Indian Girls Like? side with other girls. The material which follows gives glimpses of the old "Are Indian girls always silent and and the new life of Indian girls. The slow?" "How can we learn to under- bibliography offers supplementary mastand them?" Many questions, such terial for your young people to delve as these come from eager teen-age into. groups who desire to understand and make friends with Indian girls. One of several methods may be chosen for the study. A home-made Rapid changes are taking place to- play on the Indian Girl of Yesterday, day in the lives of Indian girls. Their Today and Tomorrow may be worked people are being suddenly thrown into out and given or there may be impera civilization which other races have sonations of Indian girls of the three grown into gradually. In great con- groups. Either of these will stimulate trast to the past, the thoughts of In- a search for additional material and dian youth now center around school will give valuable imaginative exlife. These young people must not periences of the life interests and only adjust themselves to a new world problems of these girls. The bibliogbut must be prepared to interpret it raphy lists books which suggest practo their people thus helping them tical methods for working out plays. emerge from a primitive to a complex Again your group may prefer to build civilization. The Indian girl wishes stories upon the material given. Parts also to find ways of contributing the II and III lend themselves especially gifts of her race to the society of to this. A program of stories told as which she is becoming a part. the Indians do around a campfire would be impressive. Lastly if your If one is to have a right under- group prefers the discussion method, standing of the young Indian, one questions which follow the descriptive must know something of the life of material and stories may be sugthree distinct groups. There are still gestive. many girls who are leading the primitive life on the reservation following The Indian Girl Who Is Following old customs and habits. There are those who go to school and wish to go Her Grandmother's Way forward into a new life although old traditions pull them back. There is a (May be used for impersonations or small third group which is rapidly in- part of a play) creasing of those who are going into She is a full-blood girl of the desthe world making their way side by erts, lonely mountains or for est 292

METHODS FOR WORKERS

stretches, picturesque in dress, far sat on the ground near the fire, fryremoved from the life of today. The ing bread in mutton fat. . . . .. Once hogan, tepee or wickiup is her home. Yannabah lifted her head and looked She has had one or two years in school long into her mother's eyes, but both and yet she leads a simple life helping soon turned away, troubled …… Perher mother prepare food, weave rugs haps the old mother sensed that the or mould pottery. Her rigid social girl was struggling to make her life customs are dictated by her grand- choice. If she stayed, some Indian mother. She spends hours sitting on would choose her for his wife. If she the earth floor before the smouldering went she could never return to her fire. mother's hogan, but she could go back to school and later get the hospital Silently this Indian girl wonders training she had dreamed of. It how she can use the little that she has might be that some day she could learned without offending the old peo- serve her own people in a hospital out ple whom she loves and reveres. Even on the desert. If she went, it must be more silently she wonders if there is quickly. . . . . . She gave a last look a power greater than the spirits which across the fire at the bent, old woman she has been taught lurk everywhere. at her task, and was gone.

Her great desire is that her chil- The old woman heard her go but dren may walk on a newer road. She did not stop her. Perhaps there had longs for a human touch with the out- come a moment of understanding for side world: (Adapted from Y. W. her girl who had been learning better G. A. pamphlets.) ways. (Adapted from story by Dor- othy Gate. Woman's Press. 1926.) New Trails and Old Which Trail (May be used in a play or for story telling) (May be used in a play or for story telling) Yannabah slowed her pony to a walk. The desert air was good after A class of American high school five years at school. A few weeks were girls were fortunate enough to meet hers …… of freedom from school an Indian girl who was a college grad- …… routine…… strict discipline uate. They asked her many questions, …… "Hocko, shahte," a voice greeted but chiefly, "What dOES an Indian girl her. It was her cousin …… who do after she gets through a governworked at the trading post. "The ment boarding school?" They wove trader's child is ill," he said, eagerly. her answers into a little play, "Which He knew that at school she had had Trail?" which is printed in "Meet hospital training. Your United States," by Mary Jenness.

"I will go," she said. In the play, five Indian girls about "No," said the boy. "Your mother to graduate are wondering what they said, 'She cannot go. Tonight there can do to earn their living. Rachel will be a "sing" for her.''' Both of Redheart has such a wonderful voice them knew what a "sing" meant-the that someone has offered to pay her men would come to look her over, conservatory expenses, but the others finally one of them would take her are greatly puzzled. Julia Bear is goaway to his dirty hogan to live ….. . ing to teach but very few opportunino more chance for the school ….. . ties are open to her; she may have For a moment she hid her face ….. . to go to a place eighty miles from any Then she lifted her head ….. . railroad where th-ere are no parties "Tell the trader's wife to look for and no way of meeting outside people. me on the sheep trail by the time the Mary Grass plans to be a nurse, but moon is up," she said. . . . .. The boy where shall she go afterward? To a …… sped down the trail. ….. city where she can make money at Yannabah rode slowly along the last, or to some little Indian village trail to her own hogan, the old mother

where there will be no money to give or sending scrapbooks which illustrate her? Dessa Begay, the fourth girl, home and school life of white girls. admits at this point that her family is calling her home to marry an old 2. Getting acquainted personally reservation Indian, set in the old ways. or through correspondence with some Her tragedy is lightened a bit when Indian school girl. Mary promises to come and help as soon as she has her training. The 3. Sending Christmas presents to last girl, Anita Pelletier, hesitates be- some Indian school. tween easy work as maid or hard work in an office-hard, because very 4. Finding out what your church is few Indian girls have gone into busi- doing for these girls. What the ness, and that way is untried and diffi- churches are doing together for Incult. Because of Mary's courageous dian boys and girls in the boarding decision, Anita, too, decides to take schools. (Do you know your church the hardest way, to open the minds of works with other churches in these white people to what an Indian girl schools through the Home Missions can do. Council and Council of Women for Home Missions 1) Discussion of Indian Girls of Yester- 5. HElping financially. (Suggestions may be had from Helen M. Brickman, 105 East 22d St., New York City.) day, Today and Tomorrow Interesting Books 1. What ~pportunity for school, The Red Man in the United States. work, play, friendship, would Indian An intimate study of the social, eco- girls of the reservations have? nomic and religious life of the Amer- ican Indian, by G. E. E. Lindquist. 2. What adjustments would life in Doubleday, Doran & Co., Garden City, a boarding school mean for an Indian N. Y. girl? Boole of Indian Crafts and Indian 3. Does the Indian boy and girl get Lore, by Julian H. Salomon. Harper as good an education as you are get- & Bros., New York, N. Y. ting? The Indians' Book. An offering by 4. What made Yannabah decide to the American Indians of Indian lore, go? What are the arguments on both musical and narrative, by Natalie sides? (List these on the blackboard). Curtis. Harper & Bros., New York, N. Y. 5. Susie was the honor student in the Home Economics Department. The Indian How Book, by Arthur Her mother died. After graduation C. Parker. Doubleday, Doran & Co., she decided to go home and keep house Garden City, N. Y. for her father. She finds his tepee home contains nothing but a bed of Skunnll Wundy, and Other Indian rags and a soap box table. What can Folk Tales, by Arthur C. Parker. she do in this situation? Doubleday, Doran & Co., Garden City, N. Y. 6. Is there anything in the heritage of Yannabah and Susie that ought to Universal Indian Sign Language, be kept? by William Tomkins, San Diego, Cal- ifornia. 7. Why is it harder for the girls in Which Trail to get employment than Indian Legends and Superstitions, for you? by pupils of Haskell Institute, Law- rence, Kansas. What You Can Do Regardless of what method is used Waheenee, an Indian Girl's Story. the group will want to talk over what Told by herself to Gilbert L. Wilson. can be done by those who wish to Webb Publishing Co., St. Paul, Minn.

know the Indian girl better and to Lrmg Lance, by Buffalo Child Long help her. The leader may suggest: Lance. J. J. Little & rves, New York, 1. Sending pictures for scrapbooks N. Y.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

The Rain-Makers, by Mary Roberts If we say we believe in love, give us Coolidge. Houghton Mifflin Co., New the courage to take the risks involved York, N. Y. in loving. If we say we believe in prayer, give us the willingness to face Story of the Red Man. A very read- ourselves fearlessly; to think earnestly able book which has a wealth of gen- and intelligently about the problems eral information, by Mrs. Flora confronting us; to work for the Warren Seymour. Longmens, Green achievement of a radiant life. If we & Co., New York City. say we believe that we have a responsi- bility to share Life, fill us with a sense Pamphlet. of our need to reconsecrate our lives for their sakes. May we fail none; Write to the Department of In- neither th6se witnesses who have gone terior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, before, ourselves, nor the youth who Washington, D. C., for Government follow on. Forgive us our failures. Bulletins. The following are helpful: Send us forth from these days of fel- lowship together with resoluteness The Social Heritage of the Indian that the power which is as available Girl. to us as it was to Jesus, and which power he used, may be ours. Amen. A Bibliography of Indian Stories for Young People. Bulletin, 1929, No. A PRAYER 13. By EDGAR A. GUEST Education of the Indians. Bulletin No.9. I would not stand apart nor dwell alone, N or live as one too good to soil my Indian H~me Life-the Past, the hands; Present. Bulletin, 1927, No. 22. I would not guard the soul that is my Indian Art and Industries. Bulle- own tin, 1927, No.4. So closely that it shrinks from life's The Problem of Indian Administra- commands tion. Institute for Government Research, Washington, D. C. Summary And scorns to go where shame and sorof findings and recommendations. row reign Pamphlets of Indian Department. For fear it, too, may wear a scarlet National Board, Y. W. C. A., 600 Lex- stain. ington Avenue, New York City. I would not say, "I'm holier than thou," Indian Material. Council of Women And stand aloof when others cry for for Home Missions – Home Missions aid; Council, 105 East 22d Street, New York City. I would put down my shoulder to the plow, Two Sugge.tions for Your Program And join with men, undaunted, un- on Inter-Racial Understandin.g a. afraid.

Related to the Negro Race If through the mire with purpose high I go, If you have not used in connection with your study of race relations the demon- How came the mud upon me God will know. stration "Black Diamonds" as found in Clean hands at night! That is the the October REVIEW, put it on in May pride I ask, which is interracial month. At its close have some one who is in sympathy with But let me stand to service through the sufferings of the Negro race read the day; the following prayer which was recently offered by a highly cultured young Negro Let me go gladly to my grimy task, woman in a short young people's session I'll bear the dirt which I can wash of the Federation of Woman's :Boards of away. Foreign Missions of North America: Our Father, give it to us to act on the bit of truth that we know. If we say we believe in brotherhood, give us the determination to make full and creative life possible for all people.

Though deep in mire Life calls on me 2. OUT WITH IT! to fight, Life is short-a fleeting vapor; What matters that, if I am clean by Don't fill up that whole-page paper night? With a tale which, at a pinch, Could be cornered in an inch. Specia.l Music for Sunday-School Boil it down until it simmers; Missionary PrograDl Polish it until it glimmers. When you have a thing to say, Music is a mighty factor in building up Say it; don't take half a day. or tearing down the moral fiber of youth, As Christian workers have we not been ~Ft'om the "Businc.'J8 Lctter~ lVriterJs Ma1llax in our selection of new Bongs for our ual,n bV Buck. youth, songs that adequately link up the present day with the thought of "The Cha.nging Pronouns and Nouns Great Master Mechanic"~ The following song will be a joy to your Sunday-school If you really wish to interest your boys, If properly taught, the sight of church in missions, be very careful in an airplane will direct the boy's thought introducing the subject, to use proper to God and to the nations that are to be pronouns. In place of speaking of a made one in Him; such a song leaves a missionary and her or his work, speak life influence. Try it. This is one of a of it always as "our" work over there, cycle of equally good songs which may be purchased from Miss Annie G. Bailey, 581 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. Price, 5 cents, The Men in Air (A HYMN FOR SPEEDING EARTH'S NEIGHBORHOOD) HAIlXY WEBB F ARRlNGrON Byrd ROB Roy PEERY ~-:. ;~J:~3..–~.=,:=:=::=±=rtJ~~–,r3—~-g'J-~.~=='===l;=#j1~- ~~I 1. 0 God Cre – a – tor, in whose hand The roll – ing plan – ets lie, 2. Strong Spir – it, burn – ing with man – kind On mis- sions high to dare, 3. Calm Christ, cou – ra – geous in Thy quest,Whose light led men a – far, –tt 4. En – fold – ing Life, bear on Thy wing Thro' storm and daIk and sun, I __ . .- -#1- .#1p=I ~44=_~¥FF.—:I—–l :::=-r8:=~=-b—-t-==.=::::—.'C-;¥.lr ~~::-:r::-;~~–=t~ =b~'"

~.- ..——#—-.-. • .. =__-t-§–f;~:…_:.l.j=–=~–4-=i=-1–1-l1=—~"+-'-+——–Ll=-=-",—-.l=I~ =_I —. +–1!–1=1I-=T =:1j ·.–.-..,r,-·-+-.-:1-:-:—:·–.-;.;;-=—1·~. -.~=-~ -~-lo– l=-~:–.I Give skill to those who now com-mand The ships that brave the sky.

Safe pi – lot all who seek to find Their hav – en thro' the air.

II – lume their path-ways with Thy blest And peace- ful na – tal star.

The men in air who clos – er bring The na- lions in – to one. A-men. r:4. #— :r:=r-=- . J • —J ~i:J~- >-:::::1f- ._-=:—+-~—L- -:.::-,::-=:-=~-=., :I='_~qr—r–='-J-t.—.–' ,f~L-r — -t t — -~ 4'~_: >C I!o-"-=;=-t:-==!#_1 ~I-~. U-r~-I) I–f-+,,-.- Copyright, from "Rough and Broo'l'O," J9!9. Music copyri;ht, 1929. bJ Rob R()y Peery.

TWO SUGGESTIONS FOR THOSE and "our missionary," "our schools," PREPARING MISSIONARY PRO- "our churches," "our stations," "our GRAMS AND SPEECHES: field."

1. "Good, better, best, never let it Surely if the work is "ours," the rest till the good is better and the missionaries simply our substitutes, petter, bellt," the openings they find or make are our opportunities and privilege.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

FOR SHUT-INS AND PICK-UP WORK * By FLORA DELL WHITE The quilted holder was made from a chine, then turned so the seams are on heavy pair of tan silk stockings, quilted the wrong side. Stuff the bodies with in a cinnamon-brown mercerized cotton cotton and attach six-inch braided and bound in one-inch brown satin rib- strips for tails and embroider the bon. A strip of brown silk stocking mouths and noses In pink or red cotton might be substituted for the ribbon. and the whiskers in white.

Any pretty pattern may be traced on The attractive boy doll, Bobby, has the holder and the tracing covered with an unbreakable h e a d and may be the tiniest of qUilting stitches. bought for a small sum. His trousers The twin kittens-Teeny and Tiny and blouse are made from the cotton -have emerald-green glass eyes and tops of stockings dyed pink. The cap neck and tail ribbons to match. They and stockings are tan cotton trimmed were evolved from a with bands of the pink cot- pair of white silk ton. The tie is made of a stockings and the strip of a light tan silk heads and shoulders stocking. Anyone can easily of the kit ten s are cut a pattern for these seamed to- simple clothes by placing gether 0 n the doll on a piece of paper the ma- and cut tin g around it.

Stitch all the seams on the ,, machine, so the clothes will stand the hard usage from the little hands that will play with it.

A very pretty quilt could be made of silk stockings by putting squares together, each one quilted in a design SMART LITTLE !lOBBY IS such as was used on the holder. HIS S'l'OCl<IXETTE SelT Several shades of tan and brown could be used. The log-cabin pat- tern could be used for a quilt also, cutting strips of stockings and sewing them to ten-inch squares of muslin.

• Reprinted hy permission of 1'hc CQuntr:1I Gentleman.)" copyright('d.192";, by The ("llrtis Puhlishing Company, PhiJade1phia. Pennsylvania.

I GENTLEWOMAN I J I JINGLES I Don't discard a stocking Because it has a hole, I I Make it into something I And even save its sole! '1 BABY 'VILL LOVE "'l'Em~Y AND 'rrNY," I TH)I: STOCKING TWI~S WBy Not Begin Now to Make These for the Coming Missionary Bazaars?

AFRICA'S PLEADING CALL (With changes, this may be adapted to other countries) (TUNE-"JUANITA") Far o'er the waters comes the piteous cry of pain Of the million voices-lthall they cry in vain 1 Hear ye now and answer-hasten thou with sure release Offer now thy healing, let their suffering cease.

Africa, dark Af' , . hy children cry no more.

A{rica, rica, op now thy door.

r hearts are yearning, ingt-r……..a new day, Wh the mists and darkness al shall pass n through swamp and forest Christ shall w nd through human kindness, bring His blessi s Africa, Oh Africa, we have heard thy call today.

Africa, O~ Africa, accept our gift!> we pray.

Christ the great Physician, speaks to us with plea voice, "Go and teach and heal them" leaving us no choice. Lord we quick will answer, gifts up.on Thy altar lay, Life and gold we bring the~ Heal them now we pray.

Africa, Oh Africa we would s.hare our all with thee.

Africa, Oh Africa we would be true to thee.

J,Il~~~tl!l~'ungle where the forest children roam, So s the joyful beat saying-"help has come, Health and hope' is pr mised,s,bundant' life is free to all, They have heard and nswere~answered our call." Africa, glad Africa, wouldpraise"His name with the Africa, glad Africa, give tllanks with thee.

-Georgia Hunt M There's a 10 g, long trail a-winding Into the rest so green Where dark- ced children wander And the ca p fires gleam There's a long long night of waiti Ere the day awn comes for yo Oh! Africa we ow 'are coming Down that 10 ,long trllil to It took a long, Ion Until Christians nd r That they must sha With others In all things pure and good Now there's a big, big boat a-steaming On the ocean so blue, Oh! Africa we now are coming Down that long, long trail to you.

-Geor.gia Hunt McKinney.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEmJRATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS VISUALIZING THE WORLD DA~ OF PRAYER AROUND THE WORLD A map of the world was stretched in the United States-China, Japan, out at the Annual Meeting of the India, Africa, Holland, France, Brazil, Council of Women for Horne Missions Mexico, the Philippines, Canada.

and again at the Annual Meeting of At the Council meeting a Christian the Federation of Woman's Boards of (C hurch) flag stood at one side and Foreign Missions at Atlantic City in two maps of the United States were January, 1930, flanked by the flags of included in the exhibit, one showing Canada and the United States – the location of migrant labor a nd indicattwo countries in which the constituent ing where work among migrants has boards are situated. A cross was been conducted, the other, the location placed on each country from which of Government boarding schools for word came of the 1929 observance of Indians at which there is work, either the World Day of Prayer-some 35. denominational or interdenomination- Programs attached to the map were aI, the latter being indicated by pic- received from various countries and tures of the Directors of Religious are in the languages of those countries Education; Migrant Work and Indian adapted from the program published Work being the interdenominational 299

home mission projects in the United and 1,233,000 of these still do not know States designated for special interest Christ. and gifts on the World Day of Prayer. Before our missionaries went to Africa In the picture of the map taken in the native language was not yet written; the Council office in New York the but our missionaries have put the lanlovely surroundings at the Annual guage of the Africans into writing. Meeting could not be shown-the However, until now 99 out of every 100 plants, birds and the ocean seen in the do not know how to read or write. distance from the Craw's Nest. One's mind traveled over the expanse of wa- There are no schools except the Mister to far shores and one visualized sion schools, and also no hospitals except the groups that had met in distant the Mission hospitals. lands. The cost of support of a native preach- The large Chinese poster-program er and his family is P 100 ($50). was translated for us by Miss Lucy Woo of the Council office personnel. Thus was the need of their own Across the top is "Day of Prayer section brought home to those attend- Program." The A, Band C are "Uni- ing the services. fied Aim," "Unified Service," "Unified Worship." The characters under the Written especially for the observsix numbers, at the side indicate ance, the poem by Amelia Josephine Hymns, Prayers, Scripture Reading, Burr Elmore was part of the 1929 etc. as do also the characters in the program: three sections. All through the world the women meet Beside Africa .is a poster which On this holy island of time, says in large letters ARAW NG PANALANGIN (Day of Prayer). Called by the throb of an African drum, Beneath is Febrero 15, 1929, and two Or the bells of a city chime, pictures with Ang Pag-asa ng Africa (The Hope of Africa) between them. Or just the beat of a loving heart Under the picture of a semi-naked na- Full of a purpose sublime. tive with spear and downcast mien is Bago Nakilala ng Africa si Kristo Sisters in soul, whether near or far, (Africa who does not know Christ) In the light of the selfsame sun, and beneath the portrait of a smiling man Pagkatapos na nakilala ng Africa Whatever our language, our race, our si Kristo (Africa after he knows land, Christ). Then follow IIang Mga Bagay Tungkol sa Africa (Some facts We are praying today as one; about Africa) which have been trans- "Our Father in Heaven Thy Kingdom lated as follows: come; The work of the churches of Christ is Thy will upon Earth be done." in Central Africa, in Belgian Congo, a territory about twice the size of the Is- Here it is as it appeared in the proland of Luzon. There are 17,034 mem- gram sent from Holland: bers of the church of Christ there. Gebedsdag, 1929 3,194 were baptized during 1927. 32 organized churches. Op dezen plechtigen avondstond, 6 mission stations. Komen, vereenigd in Dwen Naam, 53 missionaries. 461 out stations. Over het gansche wereldrond 920 meeting places. De Christenvrouwen biddend tezaam. 774 Christian workers. 9,996 pupils in mission schools. De Iiefde van Christus en lie aileen, 72,054 treatments yearly in mission Brengt ze tezamen en maakt ze een. hospitals. There are 1,250,000 people in the sec- Zusters in 't geloof, nabij of ver, tion for which our Mission is responsible, Die dezelfde zon bescheen, Welke ook onze taal zij, ons ras, ons land, In 't gebed zijn wij heden een.

Onze Vader, die in de hemelen zijt, Uw wi! geschiede ten allen tijd!

And here we have it as the offertory hymn "Prepared for a Convention of Christian Women of Kolhapur," India on the World Day of Prayer trans- lated into English by Rev. W. H. Han- num, of Miraj, India: On earth the women's great multitude has gathered,

WOMAN'S HOM~ AND FOREIGN BULLBTIN

The assembly of the Lord Christ's dis- National Council of Jewish Women. ciples for prayer; whether National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. By hearing the African drum today, National League of Women Voters. By sound of Chinese gong today, or National Woman's Christian Temper- By heart-wave of zeal today, ance Union. Yet gathered with loftiest purpose in National Woman's Conference of mind, American Ethical Union. To consummate, by strong endeavor, a National Women's Trade Union League. union. The National Committee is com- Though in outer form the appearance posed of the President and Chairman may be different, to the world's of International Relations of these eleven organizations. view, These sisters may be in color white or The program carried through smoothly as usual, with Mrs. Carrie black; Chapman Catt as General Chairman, Though one be near or far, on presidents of the bodies taking turn presiding at sessions. Special foreign earth's surface, or guests added greatly to the Confer- Different, not understanding others' ence, by their very presence, their presentations of conditions in their speech, or several countries, and their partici- Appearing different, in outer state, pation in group discussions. They Yet be she what she may, in one spirit were Madame Marie-Louise Puech of France, Convenor of the Committee today, on Intellectual Cooperation, Interna- To this our God she seeks to pray, joining tional Federation of University Wom- en; Frau Dorothee von Velsen, with us. President, German League for Equal Citizenship of Women; Miss Kath- Oh, our heaven-dwelling Father, the leen D. Courtney, Honorary Secretary, merciful,' British Women's Peace Crusade; Mrs. Thy name be regarded holy in this world; Tsune Gauntlett, an Organizer and Thoy good kingdom come in the world, Director, Japan Woman's Peace As- God; sociation. Mrs. Gauntlett is Japanese, In the world may heaven remain the wife of an Englishman, and to- gether with Miss Uta Hayashi showed ever established, 0 God; the memorial signed by 180,000 Jap- The earthly heaven attain one form, anese women in some twenty days, o God. which they were carrying in a huge As in heaven Thy wish, so in the world, Japanese basket to the London Con- ference on Reduction of Naval Arma- o King, ' ments. Move on; this ceaseless prayer we make After a welcome to the foreign to Thee. guests and responses by them, the opening address was by Mr. James G. Chorus: Come, blessed sisters, come, let McDonald, Chairman of the Foreign us praise Christ; Policy Association on "The Year's Outstanding Events." "Come, glory, glory, 0 Jesus!" Come, speak that sweet name. The first evening there was a ban- quet with two fine addresses by Gen- FIFTH CONFERENCE ON CAUSE eral Right Honorable Jan Christiaan Smuts, former Prime Minister, South AND CURE OF WAR African Union and member of Lloyd George's War Cabinet, on "Ten Year's In Washington, D. C., from January 14 to 17 the Fifth Conference 'on the Cause and Cure of War was held, attended by 555 delegates. It was pronounced the best, and there was general realization of the evident growth in knowledge on the part of delegates since the first of these annual conferences. The following national bodies cooperated in the Conference: American Association of University Women.

Council of Women for Home Missions. Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. General Federation of Women's Clubs. National Board of the Young Women's Christian Associations.

March Toward Peace," and by Bishop other times his keen sense of humor Francis J. McConnell, President, Fed- made the discussion highly amusing. eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America, on "Philosophy of World This was followed on the next after- Unity." noon by a women's round table with the four foreign guests and Miss Ruth Other addresses brought out the Morgan as speakers and our own Mrs. changes and the growth in peace ma- Silverthorne as the "challenging pubchinery in the last decade, its strength lic." The points of view of Germany, and weakness, the economic aspects France, England, and Japan together and many other phases. with the United States were set forth ably, the afternoon bringing to the One morning the delegates were di- listeners great pleasure as well as a vided into four groups all discussing wealth of atmosphere and insight. the same questions-possible disputes and irritations that may cause war Thursday morning all went in delebefore the machinery for prevention gations by states to call on their senaof war is completed and how such pos- tors to present the copies of the sibilities may be avoided. Then in the following resolution which had been evening the four groups gave most pouring in from groups and meetings interesting reports of these discus- all over the United States: sions, followed by an address by Mrs. Catt on "Gaps in the Machinery of WHEREAS, We earnestly believe the ac- Peace" which was so enthusiastically cession of the United States to the Perreceived that it was immediately manent Court of International Justice is printed, copies being available before a consistent and necessary support to the the end of the Conference.* Kellogg Pact renouncing war, Therefore be it For several years the Conference has for part of the program followed Resolved, That we urge the Senate of the round table method of discussion the United States to ratify the World with several speakers seated on the Court Protocol promptly when presented, platform who differed more or less in order that this imperative part of the in their ideas of the subject under peace machinery of thl! nations may be consideration. Each of these speak- completed and the good faith of our own ers was an authority in his particular country toward the peace of the world field and might or might not differ stand unchallenged. widely from the other speakers in his conclusions. Each was free to chal- At the opening session the Conferlenge the statements of the other ence heartily and unanimously adopted speakers and by this interchange, the following Resolution on the World many aspects of the subject under Court: discussion were brought before the eager group of listeners. This year Grateful for the unprecedented ada "public inquirer" was injected into vance toward world peace during the the group, his part being to find the past ten years, and mindful of the new flaws in all the arguments. spirit and the new methods now mani- fest in world affairs, with which this One afternoon the delegates listened country is in hearty sympathy, the Conto such a round table discussion on the ference on the Cause and Cure of War problems of disarmament. The speak- transmits to the President of the United ers were all men and the "public in- States and to the Senate the following quirer" was so astute and naive in his resolution: questioning and backed by such a wealth of information as to be at WHEREAS, In January, 1926, the Unittimes almost embarrassing while at ed States applied for membership in the World Court, with certain reservations '* 'Vrite to Nationa.1 Committee on Canst' ancI which now have been acceptea by other member nations, thus safeguarding the Cnre of 'Var, 1511 Grand Central 'l'el'minal national interests of the United States; Bldg., New York City, for c()pi('-~ ,'rhich may and the President having caused the he had for postagE', 3 cents. protocols for the accession of the United States to the Court to be signed in No- vember, 1929, subject to ratification by the Senate, Therefore be it Resolved, That we, delegates to the Fifth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War, representing eleven of the larg-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

est national women's organizations in the General Ahu United States, assure the President of the United States and the members of 1. To work for the strengthening of the Senate: peace machinery in order that security against war may be assured. 1st That we are convinced of the increasing sentiment throughout the coun- 2. To work for the demobilization of try in favor of the accession of the the war system as rapidly as, bit by bit, United States to the World Court, a sen- it can be replaced by effective peace matiment which is almost unanimous within chinery. our organizations, Specific Objectives 2d, That we intend to support in every possible way such action as will lead to 1. To promote understanding of the the completion of the process of acces- full implications of the General Pact for sion, the Renunciation of War and to study ways by which machinery can be built Sd, That we believe that early acces- for making it effective. sion of the United States to the Court will not only give greater effectiveness 2. To support the ratification by the to the Court, but will also afford evidence Senate of the protocols for the accession of the sincere purpose of our government of the United States to the World Court. to uphold its commitments made through the Paris Pact. S. To promote education on the sig- nificance of the Inter-American Arbitra- After the visits to senators on tion Treaty and to work for its ratifica- Thursday morning Mrs. Catt and the tion. President or I,me other representative of each of the eleven organizations 4. To study the position of the United went to the Executive Offices and pre- States in relation to the League of Nasented this resolution to President tions and to work toward the strengthen- Hoover in person. ing of cooperation with it.

The following resolution was also 5. To carryon our efforts directed toadopted by the Conference: ward greatest possible reduction of naval armaments at the London Naval Confer- That this Conference favor the great- ence, and to continue the education for a est possible reduction of naval arma- reduction of all types of armaments. ments at the London Conference, with immediate and total abolition of battle- 6. To study the economic problems ships and substantial reduction in other which endanger the relations of the naclasses of ships. tions, with especial emphasis on tariff policies and the competitive search for On the final evening Mrs. Catt raw materials and for markets.

quizzed the Conference using as basis 7. To study the problems which arise out of the intervention of the United two questionnaires which were on the States in weaker countries in its efforts printed program. These covered many to protect life and property. historical, technical, factual points and it was intensely interesting to note 8. To improve the methods of educahow well-informed the women have tion used by our member organizations in order that we may intelligently and become. effectively meet efforts which seem to be directed toward the continuance of the Mrs. Catt continues as General traditional war system. Chairman, Miss Josephine Schain having been made Administrative 9. To study the extent and effects of Chairman in order to relieve Mrs. military training in schools and colleges. Catt of all detail and administration. MEMORIAL TO THE LONDON CON- Groups interested in working for permanent peace are urged to study FERENCE ON NAVAL REDUCTION the following program adopted for 1930-1931 by the Conference, and to An SOS call was sent out by the begin now to plan to send a delegate to the next Conference which will be Committee on the Cause and Cure of held in Washington beginning Monday, January 19, 1931. War late in December to the eleven agencies cooperating in that Commit- tee. Word had come that Mme. Tsune Gauntlett and Miss Hayashi, of Japan, were on their way to London bearing a memorial to the Navy Conference with the signatures of 180,000 Japa- nese women, urging that body to do everything in its power to make wars

cease. It was the feeling of the Com- duplicates made in writing, typing, mittee on the Cause and Cure of War mimeographing, or with carbon extras, that American women should have the signed on the front, on the back, down opportunity to join in this demonstra- the sides, with extra pieces of white, tion. Therefore the following Memo- colored or wrapping paper pasted on rial was framed up: one or four edges of the original Me- morial. They came back by the hun- Memorial dreds from all but three States in the To the Conference on Naval Reduction Union, and bearing over ten thousand at London: signatures ~ altogether one glorious exhibition of the overwhelming desire It is our firm belief that the majority of Christian women of America that of the population in the United States peace should reign upon earth. is in steadfast agreement with the Paris Pact renouncing war and they are pre- These Memorials, together with pared to acclaim and support all acts of those of the other cooperating agencies the Conference which meet with their were placed in huge brief cases (could expectations. anything be more American?) and they were carried to the London Con- We, therefore, entreat the honorable ference by three American women delegates not to stay their deliberations who accompanied their Japanese sisuntil effective means have be~n found. ters, and who went at their own ex- pense. While the total number of To relieve the citizens of the Great signatures may not be equal to that Powers from the enormous and burdensome cost of the building and maintenance of naval armament no longer required.

To reduce naval armament among the of the Japanese women, American Great Powers to a point so low that our women were well represented in this own and other nations may feel secure against attack. demonstration for WorId Peace.

To end forever the competition in na- PRAYER FOR THE PEACE AND val building among the Great Powers. UNITY OF THE CHURCH And thus- To bring the relations of these Powers o God of Peace, Who through Thy into more genuine accord with the principles of the General Pact for the Re- Son J €Sus Christ didst set forth One nunciation of War. Faith for the salvation of mankind; The call was sent out to all the co- send Thy grace and heavenly lJlesBing operating agencies, giving but two upon all Christian people who are weeks to secure a response. The Fed- striving to draw nearer to Thee, and eration and Council sent these Memo- to each other, in the Unity of the rials to church boards and through Spirit and in the bond of peace. Give them to state, district and to some lo- us penitence for our divisions, wisdom cal organizations, also to the 1,700 lo- to know Thy truth, courage to do Thy cal interdenominational federations. will, love which shall break down the The response was overwhelming. barriers of pride and prejudice, and an There was a faint hope that these Me- unswerving loyalty to Thy Holy Name.

morials might be returned, signed in Suffer us not to shrink from any en- a neat and orderly manner to be bound deavour, which is in accordance with in neat books and presented to the Thy will, for the peace and unity of Conference, but the time being short Thy Church. Give us boldness to seek and the women being carried away by only Thy glory and the advancement their eagerness to sign this Peace Me- of Thy Kingdom. Unite us all in Thee morial, they came back signed in pen- as Thou, 0 Father, with Thy Son and cil, in ink, in red pencil, blue pencil the Holy Spirit, art One God, world or anything that would write, with without end. Amen.-Selected.

preaching, but is an integral part

the mission of the Church.-Dnyano- Medical Survey daya.

FIVE years ago the need of a sur- Christian Officials Increase in India vey of medical missions in India was presented to the members of the O Medical Missionary Association at its NE of the encouraging signs of the times in India, according to a meeting in Calcutta. This work has been completeQ and the following Presbyterian missionary, is the in- facts are taken from its report: At creasing number of Christians serving least one hundred million people in independently, in government posts India are without medical relief of an and even under nonChristian manage- approved sort. For example: in Cen- ment. Somehow conditions in India tral India there are 26 small states, have demanded in the past much fos- with a total 'population of 4,533,305, tering by missions, and it made a bar- in which there are no medical mis- rier between Christian and nonChris- sionaries. As for prevalent diseases: tian which is harmful, and robbed the death toll from plague and cholera some of the Christians of initiative in one decade alone (1915-24) totalled and self-reliance. Now the situation 2,375,857 and 3,187,885 respectively. is changing. In Saharanpur there is The record for "fevers" reached 50,- a large Hindu school with a Christian 327,407 for the same period. Dysen- head mistress and one Christian teach- t:!ries and diarrhceas claimed 2,382,- er. A Moslem girls' school has been 298 victims. Smallpox gives an aver- opened in Aligarh lately, where out of age of over 17,000 deaths a year. a staff of three, two are Christians.

Leprosy is more prevalent than for- In government schools and hospitals merly believed and probably affects Christians are found everywhere, nearly 1,000,000 people. Filarial dis- ease is widespread. Intestinal para- Admits Christianity a Force sites are very prevalent; hook worm REV. JOHN M'NEEL, of Seoni.

incidence in some regions is over 80 Chappara, gives two extracts from per cent; the round worm, or ascaris, a Hindu journal as evidence of admis- has been found in certain places to af- sion that Christianity is preparing feet more than 95 per cent of high the way for a better order. The writer school boys. The universal diseases,- of the first is President of the Hindu tuberculosis, influenza, syphilis, gon- Sabba, an organization having for its- orrhcea, pyorrhCEa and the eruptive chief object the preservation of the fevers of childhood-scarlet fever ex- Hindu religion. He says: cepted-produce much havoc. In 1918 The advocates of Bible teaching in the the influenza epidemic caused more schools only ask a respectful hearing to than seven million deaths. Under the half an hour's teaching in the message Government classification for Respira- of religion. Though this teaching does tory Diseases, where pneumonia must vneortsiimonmoefditahteelysturedseunltts,inI thhaevaecntuoaldocuonb-t that it is certainly undermining that be a large agent, 3,230,963 deaths were Aryan civilization and culture (i. e., the recorded for the decade formerly Hindu religion) which are our most vaalturiefdlininghqeurietsatniocnes.of Thhaolfughhouirt'smtaeyacbhementioned. The conclusion reached ing, still it is to us a question of life and medl·Ca1 work . not and sh ould is that IS not be a mere adjunct to the work of 5 305

death. What the Mohammedans could uate of the Woman's Medical College. not achieve by swords, the missionaries Philadelphia, and sent out by Methodare attempting by half hour's teaching. ist women. She sailed November 3, One is surprised to find the success 1869, and arrived in Bareilly the folwhich they have secured during the lowing January. There she practiced comparatively short period of their and taught with such success that work. Though actual conversions are within two years a native prince, the not many, I am afraid that the whole Nawab of Rampore, had given the misfield has been thoroughly undermined. sion a great estate for a hospital, the It is, therefore, our bounden duty to first in all Asia for women and chilprotect our religion from being com- dren. pletely destroyed.

The second quotation is from an editorial in the same paper. The edi- tor is a liberal-minded Hindu, but he Youth in Ceylon comes to the same conclusion: UNDER the direction of the South No reasonable man can deny that India United Church, over 900 boys and girls with their 100 teachers Christian missionaries have d~ne great participated in a Sunday-school Rally service to India in the field of education. at UduviI, Ceylon. It is true that their motive is religious conversion, but that need not deter us Burma C. E. from recognizing what the missionaries have done for India. Having said all ENDEAVORERS in Burma are takthis, we think that the missionaries ing an increasingly larger share should realize that the demand for the in spreading the Gospel in its many introduction of a conscience clause is phases. In more than 300 villages, not based on mere opposition to their re- young people are being trained in ligion. With the advance of education, Christian doctrine and service in there is a growing tendency for men of the Christian Endeavor societies. The one religion to study the life-history of Karen Christian Endeavor unions supthe founders of other religions and to port as many as fifty pastors, teachers, understand the truths revealed in them. Bible women and special workers. Such voluntary study is better and far Their endowment funds total 10,000 more fruitful than any compulsory rupees. Annually several thousand study could be. The Nehru Committee rupees are expended in spreading the has recommended the introduction of a Gospel. Many races and languages conscience clause in the Constitution of unite in the Burma Christian Endeavthe country. One of the articles em- or Union. Twelve thousand members, bodied in the scheme says that "no per- Burmese, Karen, Talaing, Chinese, Inson attending any school receiving State dian, Kachin and European, are workaid or other public money shall be com- ing "for Christ and the Church." One pelled to attend the religious instruction result is the ease in getting young that may be given in the school." The people in high school, college, and semrecommendation has not met with the inary to give their time and strength approval of the Christians, and it is true to week-end gospel-team campaign that it will affect Christian institutions trips. Several thousand decisions for the most. But the time has now come a better Christian life have been made when compulsory Bible teaching should in one year by these teams of young give place to voluntary methods. No people. school receiving State aid or other public money should compel any person to receive religious instruction. This will apply practically to all mission schools in India. The Christian missions in India should be prepared for the great change that cannot be delayed for long.

Medical Women in India rJl3E Oxford Press has recently is- Lord Lytton on Missions -1 sued a volume on "The Work of Medical Women in India," in which LORD LYTTON, formerly secretary America is justly given the credit of for India, Governor of Bengal and sending the first qualified woman phy- Viceroy of India, has this to say of the work of the missionary: sician to India. She was Clara A. Swain, M.D., of Castile, N. Y., a grad- All the missionaries whom I have known, from Anglicans to American

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Baptists and British Salvationists, throw Calcutta, where there was a marked themselves into their work with the de- lack of public enthusiasm, the efforts votion of a life-long consecration to a of the organizers were regarded more high task. This atmosphere of surrender as a spectacle than as a serious po- to a great purpose pervades all their liticalevent. In Bombay a largely at- work. When one visits, as I have done, tended meeting was held, but the pro- their mission colleges, mission schools, ceedings were broken up when the mission hospitals, mission orphanages, or platform was invaded by a thousand mission technical schools, one realizes mill hands belonging to the red fiag how completely different is the orienta- unions. At Dacca (Bengal) commu- tion of life in these institutions from that nal rioting betwetn Hindus and Mo- of corresponding government establish- hammedans broke out as a direct ments. In the latter, all work is done as result of the demonstrations, and at part of an official duty, the regular Ahmedabad (Bombay) the demon- routine that must be accomplished. In strators had to be protected by the the missionary undertakings it is impos- police against Mohammedan attacks. sible not to realize and to appreciate the spirit of service to humanity inspired by LATIN AMERICA the Christian ideal that pervades the whole life and work of the place. Chile Honors Mission Institution I have felt it a privilege on a few occa- THE Presbyterian Board of Foreign sions to bear testimony in public to the Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New noble and self-sacrificing work of these York, has received from Rev. E. G. men and women who have gone to India Seel, Santiago, Chile, the following re- for the sake of her people, and will live port: and die in that country in discharge of their noble vocation. I may best sum up "The Instituto Ingles has just been my feeling about them by repeating what granted a very special privilege by the I wrote home soon after I arrived in Chilean Government. Among other India: "The red carpet which is spread advantages, it involves the right- to for me at official functions would be more examine and promote our secondary fittingly laid under the feet of the mis- students without the supervision or sionary men and women whom I am intervention of the official examining meeting from time to time." commissions. This right is not en- joyed by any other private school or India". "IndepeDdence Day" mission institution in Chile, and car- ries with it, together with a proof of REPORTS from India indicate that the government's confidence in us, a the "Independence Day" demon- large responsibility for the faculty strations on January 26, did not meet and director." .with the success that their promoters led the public to expect, and that they Shepherds of Patagonia can in no way be described as "enthusiastic all over India." Apart from ST. ANDREW'S Scots Church of the fact that the demonstrations were Buenos Aires, Argentina, sent its in the main confined to the principal assistant minister to visit the scatcenters, the people of the Indian tered Presbyterians _in Patagonia. states, numbering some seventy mil- Scottish families are scattered far and lions, were, of course, outside their wide in that thinly settled land, most scope, and the seventy millions of Mo- of them engaged in sheep raising. hammedans in the British provinces Some of the ranches are very large, as also in general, held aloof. A promi- many' as 150,000 sheep being sheared nent part in such demonstrations as in a season. The delegate traveled occurred was taken by stUdents, and 5,630 miles, preaching, baptizing, adthe policy of the provincial govern- mitting catechumens and celebrating ments was to allow the participants the Holy Communion. It is worthy of every opportunity to let off steam, and note that this church circulates 885 not to interfere unless a breach of the peace were involved.

In some places there were indications of enthusiasm, but in Madras the demonstration fell fiat, and even in

copies, monthly, of Life and Work, the Mission Exhibit official magazine of the Church. of Scotland.-Presbyterian Magazine. T HE Belgian colonial ministry has placed well-located space at the dis- Working Toward Peace position of Protestant missions for ex- hibits at the large international and THE Rector of the University of colonial fair to be held at Antwerp Mexico recently sent a remarkable throughout the summer of 1930, on message to the University of Guate- the occasion of the 100th anniversary mala. As reported by the Associated of Belgium's nationhood. Dr. Henri Press the rector advocated "the es- Anet, Agent de liaison des Missions tablishment of international or Pan- Protestantes au Congo, 34 rue de American universities with instructors Stassart, Brussels, Belgium, will be in and students drawn from all the coun- general charge of the arrangements tries. These universities should study there. pacific means of solving international problems; inquire into the methods All Protestant missions in Congo now used by the mighty to exploit the are warmly invited to participate in humble; study a plan of economic ex- this effort, exhibits of all possible changes based on cooperation and not phases of the missions' work being deexploitation of for e i g n markets; sired. Wide publicity all over Europe preach that exploitation of man by is being given to this centenary celeman is contrary to the principles of bration and a good many hundreds of humanity and that materialism as a thousands of people are likely to visit fundamental means of power never has it. The opportunity of making known been a durable base for great democ- the large work of Protestant missions racies." They should "oppose without to a public hitherto but little informed regard to nationalities the attempts of of it, is almost unique. one country to sacrifice another." A Mass Protest EUROPE A NONPOLITICAL Christian Pro- Athens Graduates Active test Committee has been formed in England "to assist the Christian OF THE nineteen living graduates churches of all denominations in Great of the Athens School of Religion, Britain to protest effectively against Greece, one has continued graduate the continued persecution of religion work in religious education, one in so- in Russia." A meeting was held in cial studies as a holder of a Fellowship Albert Hall, London, December 19, atin the Institute for Higher Interna- tended by eight thousand or more in tional Studies, Geneva, and the seven- which the following resolution was teen remaining are actively engaged submitted: as preachers, teachers, community and Bible workers, Y. M. C. A. secretaries, "That this meeting of worshippers directors of young people's societies of Almighty God vehemently protests and clubs, as well as editorial workers against the persistent and cruel perin Armenian literature and the prep- secution of our fellow-worshippers in aration of Sunday-school lessons for Russia, and especially against the sup- Armenian children. Their areas of pression of religious instruction of the service are wide, including Greece, young, and calls upon all believers in Macedonia, Bulgaria, Syria and Egypt. God and lovers of liberty throughout Most of the students, while at the the world to pray and work without School of Religion, are at work in the ceasing for the complete religious freecity in all kinds of social and church dom of the people of Russia. That the groups which provide a working lab- British Government be urged to make oratory for the theory of the class- the strongest possible representations rooms. to the Soviet Government to bring this persecution to an end. That copies of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

this protest be forwarded to the heads conditions and our enrolment of con- of all civilized governments." verts has to be made one by one, but the Gospel is being perseveringly New Evangelical Movements carried by the Societe Centrale Evan- gelique, the 'Cause,' the 'McAll Mis- AN ENCOURAGING and hopeful sion' as well as by the various 'Home sign for the future is seen in the Mission Committees' working in conmany new evangelical movements nection with our Regional Synods and springing up in Czechoslovakia, Po- Presbyteries. land and other countries. In most cases these have been started by re- "The 'McAll Mission' under a new turning immigrants from America, direction is making considerable proand have developed in a somewhat gress. Its Gospel boats and motor haphazard fashion, getting financial cars have not only attracted large support from America wherever and crowds, but they have been the means whenever they could. The need is for of constituting several groups for the preachers, for the training of young study of the Scriptures. Bible colnative students for the ministry, for portage has been an important and chapel buildings and Sunday-school growing feature of the week." equipment, and religious periodicals in the native dialect. It is also becom- AFRICA ing increasingly apparent that some effort should be made at coordinating A ugnstana Mission the various movements, together with their respective backers, in order to THE Augustana Synod is developing avoid overlapping. The Central Bu- the Iramba Territory in Africa reau for Relief of Evangelical which it entered in a very energetic Churches of Europe plans to help manner after an agreement with the build up a native Ukrainian Evangel- Leipzig Mission. There are now in ical Church, and not. to encourage sec- this field 5 missionaries, one male tarianism. The people here flock to physician and 2 women doctors, tohear the Gospel preached; it is a field gether with 3 nurses. The work has "white to the harvest." been extended into adjoining areas and the evangelization is progressing well. Changes in F ..ance Education so far has not been feasable, but at present 16 young Iramba people REV. MERLE D' AUBIGNE, Presi- are preparing for teaching in the dent of the Societe Centrale Evan- school at Marangu, so that the prosgelique, reports that conditions in pects for native teachers are very France have undergone complete favorable. transformation since the war. He says: "The materialistic, agnostic Habbe Fetichists philosophy which reigned supreme for 50 years has been replaced by one FRENCH West Africa has an unmore respectful to the Christian faith. reached tribe, all of whom are fetich The Catholic Church which had lost worshippers and as yet untouched by its hold on the masses is developing Mohammedanism. The 860 villages of activity in all spheres, and has, in a this Habhe tribe have a population of measure, retrieved its losses. 200,000, the largest village having 13,000 – the cliff dweIlers of Africa. "This change of atmosphere is nat- Human sacrifice is even yet practiced urally affecting our own work. The by these little-known tribesmen. days are past, when mass movements towards Protestantism took place ADlbitious Shepherd Boys among the Roman Catholic population, and ex-priests sought admittance into THE shepherd boys of Zululand have our Reformed ministry. Our propa- as much ambition to improve themganda has to adapt itself to the new selves as any other group. In one of the native villages of South Africa,

not far from Durban, the wife of a 1. Exploration of the best means of native government official has started furthering and realizing the evan- a night school for twenty of these keen gelistic aims of Christian missions in little herd boys. She began with the Africa.

group as a Sunday-school class once a 2. The development of a program of week, but the brightness of her pupils Christian education as a means of real- made it necessary for her to include izing this missionary purpose, with two nights a week. The boys would special reference to religious educa- like to have it four or five nights a tion, Africa's womanhood and home week, but fear of the wild animals life, African leadership, and rural which lurk along the paths after dark communities. This involves also the keeps many of the younger ones away. study of the educational policy of gov- In another section a native ex-police- ernments, and of the relation between man has opened up a day school, with the educational policy of missions and forty pupils. In addition, he has a that of governments.

night school for the benefit of the little 3. The development of a health pro- herd boys. He has built a hut, where gram for African missions.

they gather for evening lessons and re- 4. Furtherance of the work of the main all night safely, arising early the International Committ€e on Christian next morning to take out their flocks. Literature for Africa.

This policeman opened these two 5. Cooperation with other agencies schools on his own initiative, and is in the endeavor to understand, con- endeavoring to bring his day school up serve and develop what is valuable in to government standards in order to African culture.

gain recognition and government 6. Occupation of the field and avoid- grants-in-aid. ance of overlapping.

7. The encouragement and develop- Prizes Oft:'ered ment of Christian councils in the Con- OF INTEREST to missionaries in tinent of Africa and cooperation with Africa are the prizes being of- existing councils. fered by the International Institute 8. The relations of missions and for African Languages and Cultures governments.

for the best books in five different 9. The bringing to bear of Christian African languages. This is done to influence for the establishment of encourage the production of African . right racial relations, and cooperation literature. For 1930 priZES are of· for this purpose with the proposed In- fered for manuscripts in Xosa, Swa- dustrial Institute.

hili, Hava, Kongo and Akan (Twi or 10. Prayer for the raising up of Fante). Each book must contain be- men and women of outstanding gifts tween 40,000 and 60,000 words; must for positions of leadership in Africa, be written by an African, and manu- and support for efforts in different scripts must reach the office of the countries to secure for African mis- Institute, 22 Craven Street, London sionaries the best possible equipment W. C., England, by October 1, 1930. for their task.

The Institute hopes that missionaries and others in contact with Africans Medical Training for Blacks D who might compete will do all they canURING the past year a committee appointed by the government in to make these prizes known. Each year the languages will be different. South Africa has been working on the matter of training nationals in medi- Problems of the Black Continent cine and public health. Their report, rrHE International Missionary Coun- now out, recommends emphatically cil Committee has approved of in- that provision must be made for such ternational cooperation along the training.

following lines: The committee likewise recommends

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that this training shall equal in every Peacham church on December 17. way that given white students in the Born in Tokio 45 years ago and edu- medical schools of South Africa and cated in the public schools of that Great Britain; that the Africans shall city and Kyoto, he followed with two pass the same examinations and have years in the Presbyterian College. the same qualifications and standing When 18 years old he came to the as the white medical students; that United States and took a course in the first year of the medical course be theology at the University of Kentaken in the S. A. N. C. at Port Hare, tucky at Lexington. He began his and the remaining years in the Uni- ministry at Asheville, N. C., where for versity of Witwatersrand in Johannes- three and one half years he was pastor burg. of the Church of Christ. From there he went to Baltimore to participate As yet the government has not acted in the laymen's missionary movement, on this report. The missionaries at speaking from coast to coast in the Durban Hospital feel that if it is ac- interests of this enterprise. Dr. cepted the chief difficulty will come in Minakuchi is a recognized authority finding the funds to erect buildings on Far Eastern questions and a close to carryon such a school. student of the great racial and other problems of the Pacific. NORTH AMERICA Call for Bilingual Preachers Foothold for,HinduiaDl CANADIAN Baptist churches are A H I N D U publication, Vedanta calling for bilingual preachers. KBsari, rejoices that Vedantic These ministers are especially needed ideals are being disseminated in the in the great reaches of the provinces U. S. Recently another Swami has of Quebec and Ontario, where the joined the one in charge of the Vedan- English population is dwindling owing ta Society in Portland, Oregon. Says to the· steady drift toward large this editor: centers of industry, and the incoming of other races and faiths-particularly "Both are regularly holding classes French – speaking immigrants. The and delivering lectures every week for churches already in these sections are the spread of the Vedantic ideals and at present presided over by pastors it is gratifying to note that the attend- speaking English, and the services are ance is daily on the increase. The in English. These churches, conseneed of active workers for the propa- quently, cannot reach the newcomers. gation of the truths of Hinduism and But they should not be allowed to cease especially those of the Vedanta in the to function. Home missionaries who West can hardly be exaggerated. For can speak French as well as English it is through this kind of missionary could meet the needs of the bilingual activities that the true ideals of our population in these communities, and cultural life can be implanted in the COUld not only retain the influence of Western minds and the queer and the churches in providing spiritual wrong notions entertained by them help and inspiration, but could also about our life and culture can be re- serve to weld the differing forces of moved. We sincerely believe that vig- race. orous efforts in this line shall produce their desired result. May the Lord Five-Year Religious CaDlpaign bless the activities of the new Swami with success." AN INTENSIVE five-year program VerDlont Has Japanese Pastor .tl of religious education for chil- THE Congregational church at dren of the city, planned by the Fed- Peacham, Vt., has the distinction eration of Churches for Greater New of having as its pastor a noted J apa- York, has been officially started. Pernese scholar and orator, Dr. Yutaka sons interested in the cause of Chris- Minakuchi, who began his work in the

tian education are asked to aid in the differences have arisen, but it is clear development of an endowment of at that originally these languages had a least $1,000,000, which will be used common base. About one third of the to assist local churches in obtaining Keres words are the same as are used trained directors of religious educa- in Japan today, though on account of tum, and to operate more unified sys- the influx of Chinese into the Japanese tems of daily, Sunday and vacation language it is far richer now than the schools. Nearly 700,000 children in Keres." So far as known, this is the New York City receive no systematic first attempt ever made to write the religious instruction. The purpose of language. The dictionary will shortly the five-year plan is to "restore reli- be ready for the first revision.

gion to its rightful place in the total educational scheme of the child, to set "Fellowship of Prayer"

1 religious education on the same plane 'HIS year "The Fellowship of Prayer" begins its second decade of efficiency as the public school, and to obtain a regular, full-time, trained as a movement for the devotional ob- teaching staff, who will receive a re- servance of the pre-Easter or Lenten muneration comparable to that re- season. Printed first as a daily Lenten ceived in general education." feature by "The Standard," New Bed- The Protestant Teachers' Associa- ford, Mass., in 1923, each succeeding tion will cooperate with the board in year has seen other papers also mak- working out the plan, particularly in ing the Scripture, meditation and the endeavor to recruit a full staff of prayer of the "Fellowship" manual a competent instructors, who will be daily feature during the weeks before chosen on the basis of their consecra- Easter. The devotions were printed tion and technical preparation. daily last year in 341 cities and towns of the United States and Canada, by New Pueblo Dietionary newspapers with a total daily circula- I N THE past fifty years. several tion of 4,707,778. More than 600,000 Protestant denominations h a v e copies of the "Fellowship's" manual made earnest attempts to evangelize of suggested daily devotions were re- the Pueblos, but efforts were baffled quested by pastors last year for the by the language. Several years ago use of the members of their congrega- the Rev. H. C. Whitener, formerly tions. The movement is under the di- missionary to Japan, when visiting rection of the Commission on Evan- New Mexico, was impressed with the gelism and Life Service of the Federal remarkable similarity between certain Council of the Churches of Christ.

words in the Pueblo tongue and the The writer of the Manual this year is Japanese language. He became inter- Rev. Jay T. Stocking, of St. Louis, ested in them and last July saw him Mo., and is furnished in quantities of on the field as missionary. The first 25 or more by the Federal Council, 105 tasks to which he set himself were to E. 22d St., New York, at 2c each.

acquire a knowledge of the language, to visit the Pueblos, and now the Interracial Cooperation T preparation of a grammar and a HE Commission on Interracial Co- operation has inaugurated a cam- Keres dictionary, which will contain upwards of 10,000 words when com- paign for $1,360,000 to continue its pleted. The dictionary will make pos- work for another ten years. A com· sible a translation of the Bible. mittee of nationally-known philan- Of the language Mr. Whitener thropists, educators and religious writes: "The Keres, with which I am leaders is sponsoring the campaign, now working, is an oriental language, and two pledges aggregating $500,000 cognate with Japanese, Korean, and have already been received-$400,000 the language of the Loochoo Islands. from the Spelman Fund and $100,000 Of course, during the centuries great from the Rosenwald Fund. The bene-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ficiary of the campaign, popularly A similar change has been going on known as the Interracial Commission, with regard to education inside and was organized by a group of Southern outside of Mormon lines. The first leaders in 1919 in the hope of check- vital impulse given to free school and ing the wave of interracial conflict high school education came from the that spread across the country at that missionary teaching force. During time, resulting in numerous destruc- the eighties the Gentile element was tive race riots, North and South. fighting its way to influence, especially After meeting this emergency, it set in Salt Lake City and Ogden, and in out upon a constructive program of 1890 it organized the Liberal Party interracial adjustment, including the and got control of these two cities. correction of oppressive conditions affecting Negroes and the improvement Dr. J. F. Milspaugh, then principal of those interracial attitudes out of of the Salt Lake Collegiate Institute, which unfavorable conditions grow. A was elected superintendent of public far-reaching educational program is schools for Salt Lake City. He re- ~onducted through the press, religious signed his mission school position, and, and civic organizations, in schools and backed by the Gentile Council and colleges, and from the platform, and Board of Education, he revolutionized deals with specific situations through the whole public school system of Salt a large number of state and local Lake County. He so raised the standinterracial committees. Its work has ard of teaching that more than half attracted favorable attention through- of the young and old Mormon teachers out the United States and abroad. In failed to qualify; brought teachers South Africa a similar movement is from the East to fill their places, lowell under way. cated and erected modern school buildings, and set the pace for the GENERAL development of the secondary and high school system of Utah. It was Mormonism Changing nearly a decade before the Mormons fell into line and got back of the pub- T HE Mormon Church has changed lic schools and high schools. Now, its attitude towards the practice however, they are proudly claiming Df medicine. It is only during this credit for Utah's low percentage of generation that Mormon leaders have illiteracy. There is also a changed atencouraged their young men to study titude towards education in nonmedicine. This policy of sending Mormon institutions outside of Moryoung Mormons East to our medical mondom. Not only is it encouraging schools, which was inaugurated about young people of promise to go East 1900, is one of the more noteworthy for medical training, but hundreds of fruits of Gentile influence. Before the young Mormons have been encouraged eighties the Mormons had few phy- to supplement the training they have sicians and surgeons, and no hospitals. received in Mormon academies and The first hospitals were founded by junior colleges by a year or more of the Episcopalians and Roman Catho- study in non-Mormon schools. lics. When, in 1895, Dr. Groves, a Mormon physician, left $75,000 to- Openings for Missiona.ry Service wards the founding of a Latter Day Saints hospital, many of the Mor- THE January issue of the Student mons opposed its establishment. They Volunteer Movement Bulletin conclaimed that it would minimize the tains a complete exhibit of the openprestige of the priesthood as healers. ings and opportunities for missionary But the church leaders, after some de- service as revealed by reports from lay, accepted the legacy and supple- most of the mission boards. Some mented it, and hospitals have since Boards had not reported when the been erected in Salt Lake City, and compilation was made. Hence the also in Pocatello, Idaho. openings are actually more numerous

than reported. Yet, on the basis of meet to study the laws dealing with official reports, 94 Boards and sending the services of the Temple. In some agencies list 1,706 specific openings literature which this Seminary has for 1930. Of the total, 511 are pro- disseminated appear these words: visional upon the receipt of funds not "The glorious day will soon come when yet assured, but 1,195 are definite op- the Temple will be erected anew and portunities, 1,168 of these being in the sacredotal rites again be introforeign fields. Summarized, the open- auced. The Temple will stand as a. ings call for 274 ordained men, 135 token of glory and majesty to Israel men for educational work, 70 for med- and a torch of light to the whole ical work and 33 for miscellaneous ac- world." The British United Press retivities. Women are also needed-169 ported recently from Jerusalem that for evangelistic and social work, 305 "widespread rumors have been conas teachers, 134 in medical work and firmed that the specified parts of the 39 for miscellaneous purposes. De- Temple have already been manufactails may be secured by writing Mr. tured or prepared in many countries, Oscar W. Sedam, Candidate Secretary, and are waiting and ready to be trans- 419 Fourth Avenue, New York. ported to Palestine and assembled at a moment's notice. A large group of Orthodox Churehes to Hold Conference Jerusalem Jews have petitioned the League of Nations for a portion of the AT EASTE.R of this year, represent- old Temple site to be awarded to the atives of all the various auto- Jewish nation."-Alliance Weekly. cephalous churches that make up the Orthodox communion are to assemble Persi..'" Shah Starts Reforms at Mount Athos, there to "examine the condition of the Orthodox World, and PERSIA seems more ready to adopt to prepare in all ways possible for the change than her neighbor to the assembling of a general council, at East, Afghanistan; and so far the some future and speedy date." There Shah, a forceful man, has been able to are 22 autonomous churches in the carry forward his program of modern- East, vastly different in size and im- ization in spite of some protest. Cenportance, yet recognizing each other tury-old streets, narrow, crooked and as self-governing elements in one body. dirty, have been replaced by wide and Such a gathering as the one proposed imposing avenues. Straight lines is entirely new, and means that the have been drawn ruthlessly, marking whole Orthodox communion is not for destruction buildings of all sorts, only beginning to face new problems, including mosques. One big one was but is also beginning to think of itself torn down in Tabriz and three in in a new way. Urumia. Moslem cemeteries have also been disturbed by this march of prog- The following is a list of the Ortho- ress. If these sacred spots had been dox churches of today, which date thus desecrated a few years ago, pubtheir founding from almost every cen- lic riots and bloodshed would have retury from the first to the twentieth: suIted. He has also given an order Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, that residents of cities, within a year Jerusalem, Cyprus, Sinai, Yugoslavia, of his edict, and residents of villages, Bulgaria, Greece, Roumania, Russia, within two years, should all adopt, to Georgia, Poland, Ukrania, Finland, Es- a large extent, European dress. thonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czecho- Slovakia, Albania, North America, and In the heart of Teheran every Sun- Japan. day, a preaching service is held in the Persian language at 9 a. m., and an- WESTERN ASIA other in English at 11: 15. All who wish to attend are cordially welcome. Jerusalem and the Temple At the 9 o'clock service, Moslems, As- syrians, Jews, Christians and non- T HERE has been opened in Jeru- salem a Seminary of the Law of the Priests. Here priests and rabbis

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christians attend. Formerly mission- been reopened. Announcement has aries used to conduct this service, but also been made that the new governnow eight Persians take turn. ment has decided to take over the pur- chases made by former king, Amanul- One of the most significant factors lah, when he visited Germany, and for in this spread of the Gospel is the which a credit company loaned him growing volume of Christian liter- several millions of marks, and pay the ature. In addition to the Bible, there debt.-AUiance Weekly. is a long list of publications issued by the Inter-Mission Literature Commit- College Endowment Fund tee of Persia. There are pamphlets to arouse interest and thought under THE Near East College Association such titles as "From Islam to Christ," announced on January 2d, that it "Sin and Its Cure," "The Way of the had completed its endowment fund of Sevenfold Secret," "What Is Reli- $15,000,000 for its six colleges: the gion?" "The Source of Power in Re- American University of Beirut; ligion," "Influence in Rei i g ion," Robert College, Constantinople; Con- "Religion Related to Social Questions," stantinople Woman's College; the "What Is Faith in God 'I" There are International College of Smyrna; the expositions of Scripture and Commen- American College of Sofia, and Athtaries: "Kanamori's Three Hour ens College, Greece. Over sixteen Sermon," "Introduction to the Books thousand persons contributed to the of the Bible," "Commentary on Mat- fund, including alumni and former thew, on Romans, on Hebrews," "Bible students of the colleges, and many Dictionary." Among devotional titles American friends. In connection with are "Pilgrim's Progress," "The Life the fund, a group in Pasadena has· of Christ," "The Life of Sadhu Sun- founded the Millikan Chair of Science dar Singh." The needs of childhood at the American University of Beirut, are provided for also with some beau- while Prof. J. R. Jewett of Harvard tifully illustrated books. has endowed a Chair of Arabic at: Beirut. Progress in Afghanistan T HE intense cold and heavy snow- ISLANDS falls of winter have not deterred the new king, Nadir Khan, from con- Sunday-schools Reorganized tinuing the formation of the regular army, and the sending of new troops T HE ninth national convention of to protect outlying points. New ap- the Philippine Council of Religiouspointments in the administrative sys- Education was held in Union Theo– tem are being announced, and influen- logical Seminary in Manila, Nov. 8-10. tial men are being put into office and Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, general secsent to their own tribes. This plan retary of the World's Sunday-schoof is meeting with success. According to Association, was present, bringing inhis brother, the minister to England, spiring messages and wise counseL the king advocates a policy of educa- Dr. A. L. Ryan, the president of Union tional progress and the introduction of Seminary, who has given several years such reforms as the people may de- of thoroughly constructive work to the sire. Special attention is being given secretaryship of the Philippine Counto industrial development. He is also cil, was made chairman of the execuseeking friendly relations with other tive committee, leaving the generaI nations, especially his neighbors, secretaryship to be filled from native' Great Britain and Russia. The ambas- leadership when a competent man can sador of the latter country is now at be found and financed. The reorgan- Kabul. The air service between Af- ization of the Council begun March, ghanistan and Russia appears to have 1929, was completed, and a budget: of $5,475 adopted.

Filipino Eucharistic Congress hai that "cannibalism is practiced unchecked in the famine provinces." T HE first National Eucharistic Con- gress of the Philippines, held last Five Year Program December was perhaps the largest Christian gathering ever held in the AT THE recent Annual Meeting of Far East. Among the important ac- .tl. the National Christian Council of tion taken during the sessions was the passage of a resolution by the Colon China, it was decided that the whole Students' Congress, requesting the Christian Church in China should in- Legislature to pass a law providing augurate a "Five Year Movement" of for religious instruction in the public evangelism, with the following two schools. A resolution asking all the objectives: delegates to pray for the freedom of the country from American control, "The cultivation among Christians was adopted by the men's conference. of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a The priests' conference declined to more intimate fellowship with Him, consider an independence resolution. and of a more courageous following of Him in all the relationships of life. CHINA "The carrying out of a vigorous For Child Welfare evangelistic program in the hope that within the next five years the number I N FIFTEEN high schools of China, of Christians will at least be doubled." during the next few weeks, Ameri- can-prepared courses in child hygiene As the Chinese Church is achieving and child care will be introduced as self-direction, there naturally arise the first steps in the program of China many questions relating to church and Child Welfare, Inc., and the National mission relationships. The future of Child Welfare Association of China. the Christian Movement in China de- Outside the city of Nanking-new pends upon the right Christian solu- Chinese capital-seven acres of land tion to these problems, so as to enable have been set aside by the government the younger Church in China and the . for the establishment of a child wel- missionaries of the older Churches in fare demonstration center. As a part the West to carryon in the spirit of {)f the same general plan, the nation- whole-hearted cooperation. alists are outlining plans for the es- tablishment of juvenile courts on a Brigands Active in Interior modern plan. CHINA'S bandit menace, which is <lold Wave Takes Toll nationwide, is one of the principal reasons for paralyzed domestic com- A COLD wave, the most severe in merce, which in turn is causing the sixty years, has swept across a country's depreciated currency crisis. large portion of China with the grav- Undeterred by the Government, thou- ~st results. Famine areas have been sands of bandits are roaming the the hardest hit, as thousands of the country and besieging cities, organ- undernourished died from exposure. ized in military fashion and equipped One town reports the death of 2,500; with machine guns. Many mission- another, 2,000. Huge ice blocks aries have been kidnapped in the hope formed in the Han River. These de- of gaining ransom. Widespread ban- stroyed thousands of junks, and dit and Communist disorders have caused death by drowning of hun- been reported along the Middle Yang- dreds. It is estimated that above tse Valley between Hankow and the 15,000 lives have been lost through the border of Szechwan Province, menac- intense cold. A missionary from the ing foreign shipping as well as native west reported to a group of British officials and merchants. Foreign ship- ;and American missionaries in Shang- ping between Hankow and Chungking carries armed guard as a precaution against piracy.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Adopts Church Covenant ing of the Japanese ban against Prot- estant Christian missions. Prior to THE Shunteh District Council of that time, Christianity was known as the Church of Christ in China has "Jashu Mon" (the evil sect). The adopted the following covenant, to large auditorium, recently built by the which all applicants for baptism must city of Tokyo, was crowded by 4,000 subscribe: Christians, who had come to express their gratitude for the work of Chris- 1. I believe in the Lord and Creator tianity in forwarding the new Japan. of Heaven and earth, Father, Son and Governmental appreciation was also Holy Spirit, as the only true God. there, in the persons of several officials of Tokyo. The Japanese are looking 2. I recognize myself as a trans- to their Christian leaders for protecgressor and sinner, without ability to tion against the teachings and ideas save myself, and deserving, after of Communism which have been introdeath, to perish. duced into that country.

3. I believe in the Lord Jesus Checking "T. B." Ravages Christ, the only begotten Son of God, who carne down to earth, died on the PROF. S. H. MARTIN, missionary cross, rose, ascended to the right hand of the United Church of Canada of the Heavenly Father, and shall re- and professor of medicine in the Sevturn to judge all races, and I recog- erance Union Medical College, Seoul, nize Him as my Saviour. Korea, has found by examination that more than 9 per cent of the students 4. I believ~ in the Lord's Holy in Christian Colleges of Seoul have Spirit, as the one who has changed my incipient tubercular trouble. With heart and regenerated me as a child the future leadership of the Christian of God. Church in Korea so seriously menaced, Dr. Martin has obtained strong sup- 5. I promise not to worship false port for the establishment of a special gods and not to practice evil customs. ward of 20 beds in Severance Hospital for the sun treatment of the disease. 6. I promise to observe the Lord's Two years ago he introduced the treat- Day, study the Bible, and to pray ment, placing cots on the hospital roof daily. with resultant cures.

7. I promise to be a self-supporting Seventieth Anniversary of Missions church member, to contribute to the support of the church, to attend church T HE celebration of 70 years of regularly, and to study the prosperity Christian work since the coming of and peace of the Church. Protestant missionaries to Japan was held in the Tokyo city hall on Novem- 8. I promise to hearken to the ad- ber 6th. Messages of felicitation were monition of my pastor and elders. read :from many in high position throughout the empire, and representa- 9. I promise through holy words tives of the government were present. and actions to lead people to believe Missionaries and Japanese pastors who the truth and receive eternal life. had served the kingdom for 50 years or more were recognized and honored. 10. I sincerely depend upon the Emphasis was laid throughout the cel- Saviour to bear forth the fruits of the ebration upon the need of a vigorous Spirit, which are: love, joy, peace, evangelistic spirit in the church in long-suffering, mercy, goodness, truth, these trying times, and hearty en- dorsement was given the Kingdom of meekness, self-control. God campaign now under way.

JAPAN-KOREA Christianity Reviewed A T A recent meeting of the National .t. Christian Council of Japan, M. Nishiyama, head of the Religious Bureau of the Department of Education, reviewed the progress of Christianity in Japan. November 6, 1929, marked the seventieth anniversary of the lift-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Directory of Christian Missions in India, of all the missionary societies, schools, colleges, medical work, orphanages, llurma and Ceylon. 1928-1929. Com- periodicals, etc., and the details of the piled by Rev. A. McLeish. Ajmer, In- National Christian Council organiza- dia. 399 pp. Scottish Mission In- tion. It also gives for each state or dustries Co., Ltd. Poona, India. province the area, population, Roman Catholic and Protestant Christian ad- This directory is also a survey of herents, societies and workers in each Christian missionary occupation. It city, town or village and the names of is carefully compiled (though there the unoccupied districts. It is easy are some statistical discrepancies), is to see how valuable this information full of information and is exceedingly may prove to missionary workers. valuable to all interested in India and its Christianization. The total number of foreign workers tabulated is now 5,519, a net increase of 80 since The Christian's Alternative to War. By 1927. There is an actual decrease in Leyton Richards. 159 pp. $1.50. Macmen missionaries as the increase of Millan. New York. missionary wives is nearly 300. The proportion of educational workers has The author is an English pacifist increased over evangelistic workers- well known in America. His discusthere being 10,000 more Indian and sion is in deadly earnest. He shows foreign educational missionaries than how war leads to moral collapse both evangelistic-an increase of 6,000 in on the field and at home; how it puts six years. public opinion at the mercy of con- fessedly false propaganda; how peo- The population of India, Burma and ples are compelled by it to submit to Ceylon is 323,440,166 of whom 5,196,- the dictates of governments; and how 756 are enumerated as Christians, and Christians caught in its tide discard 2,786,459 of these are Protestants. their Lord's principles. He holds that Hindus in India and Burma number a nation ought to be ready to suffer on 216,734,586; M 0 s I ems 68,735,233; a national Calvary, and that in such Buddhists 11,571,268, and Sikhs 3,238,- nonresistance heroism is as genuine as 803. in war.

Over three fourths of the population reside in 685,665 villages, but Chris- The Earth the Theater of the Universe. tians reside in only 46,721 of these By Clarence H. Benson. 12 mo. 140 villages, leaving 638,944 without resi- pp. $1.50. Bible Institute Colportage dent Christians of any sect. The Assn. Chicago.

largest number of Christians is in the The author calls his book "A Scien- Madras Presidency and the smallest in tific and Scriptural Study of the Andamans (islands in the Bay of Ben- Earth's place in the Divine Program."

gal). None are reported in the na- It shows an astonishing range of readtive Indian states of Baluchistan. ing and a remarkable familiarity with Nepal is closed to the Gospel. the literature of astronomy. He ar- This directory not only gives the gues for the scientific accuracy of the names and addresses of all the Prot- book of Genesis, and he cites in sup- estant foreign missionaries in India, port of his argument a literal COll- Burma and Ceylon but the addresses struction of poetic passages in the 318

BOOKS WORTH READING

Psalms, the Book of Job, and the man prison, an accused spy, to the prophecies of Ezekiel and other proph- height of his diplomatic services at ~ts. The book will be highly satis- the crown's command. We share his factory to those who accept the abysmal despair at the death of his interpretation of the Scriptures which wife Ann and his great joy at the was practically universal up to a couple first convert won to Christ, and the of generations ago, and which is held planting of the Church in Burma. The by many earnest Christians today. author has, no doubt, put some of her Others will probably question some of own thoughts and feelings into the its conclusions. mind and expressions of the devoted missionary and he would probably be Great Truths Simply Stated. By George surprised, and perhaps indignant at Goodman. 132 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering some of the words she puts in his and Inglis. London. mouth, but it is a living picture that This is one of a series of books will stir the reader. D. K. BARD.

known as "Every Christian's Library." Church History from the Apostolic Age It is a helpful little volume setting forth the Scriptural teaching on prac- to the Twentieth Century. By Andrew tical subjects that Bible loving Chris- Miller. 3 vols. 1,090 pp. 198. 6d. tians are interested in. Twenty chap- London. 1929. ters deal with such subjects as "The Holy Scriptares," "Justification by The author, who was a British lay- Grace," "Assurance of Life," "Guid- man and died in 1883, has approached ance, How Known," "The Lordship of the subject of Church history from an Christ," and others equally important. unusual viewpoint. His effort has The chapter on "Practical Sanctifica- been to show "the silver line of God's tion" shows the clarity of thought and grace in true Christians" and he has the scripturalness of the author's succeeded in keeping this in the foreviews. ground. As a result the effect on the reader is that of a warm spiritual 'The Splendor of God. By Honore Willsie atmosphere. New gleams of light are Morrow. 374 pp. $2.50. New York. also thrown upon many passages of 1929. the Acts, the Epistles and Revelations. It is a delight to have a new mis- Volume I deals with the first thousionary biography from the pen of an sand years of Church history; "Show- .author who not only has a message ing the spiritual origins of much that to give but who gives it with skill. is now fully blown and the effect of This biography of Adoniram Judson decisions and deeds on following genweaves together his varied and rich erations." experiences into a fascinating novel, giving us an insight into the man's Volume II, "Five Hundred Vital heart and soul, and into the heart and Years of Church History," very natusoul of Burma. One compares the rally tells of the days when papacy squalor and misery of Buddhistic was in the ascendency but the author Burma with the splendor of God as devoted about half of the volume to shown in the life of this "Jesus the leaders of the great Reformation. Christ's man." Volume III carries the story from In these pages we live the days with the Reformation down to the present Judson and his bride who landed in day. It is a splendid piece of work, Rangoon in spite of the promise of from the Biblical standpoint. Facts persecution and certain death not only are stated clearly and without denomito themselves, but to any whom they national bias. M. T. SHELFORD. might convert. Boardman and other missionaries of the station are also The World-Wide Prayer. By Vernon F. introduced. We follow Judson from Storr. 108 pp. 50c. Church Missionthe depths of his misery in the Bur- ary Society. London. The purpose of this book is to pre- sent the missionary implications of the

Lord's Prayer. The work is well done. versity. The present volume is di· The author has really accomplished vided into two main sections. The first more than this; he has given us a outlines the effect of the World War splendid book for devotional reading. upon the commerce of Japan, by the The introductory chapter on the "Na- Professor of Economics in the Tokio ture and Scope of the Prayer" is par- Imperial University and a member of ticularly good. Naturally, the author the Imperial Academy. The second spends his greatest energy on the deals with the effect of the war upon phrase "Thy Kingdom Come," for it the industry of Japan, by the Dean is his thesis that the model prayer is and Professor of Public Finance in a World-Wide Prayer. There is not Toyo Kyokai University and a mem· much distinction between the church ber of the Imperial Diet. These are and the Kingdom in the author's argu- authorities of the first rank on the ment, but the logic of missionary re- subjects discussed, and they have pre- sponsibility and the beautiful devo- sented a range and variety of infor- tiona! spirit ought to help everyone. mation of extraordinary interest. One who wishes to study the commerce and Publicity for Social Work. By Mary S. industry of modern Japan as effected Routzahn and Evart G. Routzahn. 8 by the World War will find this volume vo. 392 pp. $3. New York. 1928. teeming with facts and statistics of exceptional value. The development of The Department of Surveys and Ex· Japan from an isolated and largely hibits of the Russell Sage Foundation agricultural nation to a great manuhas given us a very practical and use- facturing and exporting nation is one ful study of the methods of informing, interesting and impre8sing the of the notable events of recent years, public, not only in regard to social and this book describes it in an effecwork, but in other lines as well. This tive manner.

volume shows how facts may be pre- sented in newspapers, letters and Things That Remain. By Carl E. Gram- !eaflets, by type and poster, photograph mer. 28 pp. $1.75. New York. 1929.

and pen-graphs so as to attract atten· This book is a thoughtful account tion, teach a lesson, awaken a desire by a clergyman of the Protestant to he!p, and bring practical coopera· Episcopal Church of his mental and tion. It is a very thorough study, spiritual struggles through varied well presented and illustrated. doubtings and questionings to "as- The Effect of the World War Upon the sured faith." In the process he makes Commerce and Industry of Japan. By some concessions to the critics of evan·· gelical Christianity than we think it Kakujiro Yamasaki, D.C.L., and Gotoro necessary to make and some of his- Ogawa, M.P. 8 vo. 345 pp. $4. Yale University Press. New Haven. sentences, if quoted out of their con- This is an additional volume in the nection, might give a wrong impres- monumental series on the Economic sion as to his general attitude. But and Social History of the World War among the "things that remain" after- under the general editorship of Pro- he has made all allowances for objec- fessor James T. Shotwell, Director of tions, he includes clear and strong the Division of Economics and His- faith in the existence and personality tory of the Carnegie Endowment for of God as Creator, Sovereign and Fa- International Peace. The survey is to ther; in his overruling providence, include about two hundred volumes, co- "in God the Son, who hath redeemed lossal undertaking. Each volume how- me and all mankind; in God the Holy ever is complete in itself and may be Ghost who sanctifieth me and all the purchased separately. The editor of people of God"; in the validity of the· the series upon Japan is Baron Yo- miracles of the New Testament and shiro Sakatani, formerly Minister of he declares that "These basic truths, Finance and President of Senshu Uni· modern methods are as powerless to,

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1930

A STREET IN THE MOSLEM QTTARTER OF

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156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention THE MISSIO~AnY REVIEW OJ! THE VORJ.D in writJng to advertisers. NEW BOOKS Outfitting the Teacher of Religion. James Leprosy in the Far East. Robert G. Coch- H. Snowden. $2. Macmillan. New rane. 67 pp. 28. W orId Dominion Press. London. 192t1. York. 1929.

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Unpaid Ministry. James S. Mather. 24 A New Era in Missions. Homer E. Wark. op. 25 cents. "Robert" Press. Co- 187 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. lombo. 1929. 1929.

Under Syrian Stars. Princess Rahme The Bible from the Beginning. P. Mor- Haidar. 192 pp. $2. Revell. New rison Simms. 318 pp. $2.50. Mac- York. 1929. millan. New York.

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WOleAN'S HO~E llISfHON BULLETIN Professor Shotwell regarded the •• • EDITED IlY Fr.OREXCE E. QUlxr.. lN 218 conference as extraordinarily success- ful. It showed how unofficial discus- WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK … ,…….. 221 sions of the most difficult and irritat- ing controversies by men who have BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 237 both goodwill and exact information TFJH~IR.-'$2.50 a p'ar. ($2.00 In clubs of can find ways for their genuine solutiVf'.) Fnr('igt fm:z:tn~e, 50 f."Pl1tS. Rhlglro copies, tion, The very fact that no resolutions 25 cents. PuhliNlu·(I nwnthly. Copyrighted, were adopted and no formal state- 1£)30, by MrssJON ..RY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- ments of results were made added P.NY, IKe. AU rights reserv('d. greatly to the liberty of discussion and the ability of the Institute to reach a TIlE MIflSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING general consensus of opinion. COlIPANY. I~c.

ROHERT E. SPEER, Pre81df"t '''ILI.IAM I, CHA:r.UHCRI4AIN, Vice-Pre8ident DELAVAN L. PlERSON, .Qecretarll V,].TER II CDOUlUI.L~ Tf'ea8u1'6t'

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LIII, No.3 March

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1 From New York to Cairo BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor O NE of the steamer letters ful Gulf Stream and, while fierce that 'bade us God-speed as gales beat up the waters of the North Atlantic, our good ship we sailed away on the Ca- sailed under clear skies and nadian Pacific liner, Empress of through calm seas on its southern Altstralia, was from my friend and experienced world traveler, Dr. course. There was no good excuse William T. Ellis. With his words for experiencing maritime misery.

of friendly farewell he offered this With a staff of twenty cruise direcwise counsel: "Seek out the hard tors and entertainers, and with and dangerous experiences, for some 540 ships' officers and crew, therein will be found your real re- stewards and stewardesses to care wards. And, by all that you hope for every conceivable and unexto gain from the trip, I adjure you pected want of 320 passengers, to take time to sit and soak in situ- there was still less opportunity to ations new and important. A week experience hardship and little for of leisurely living in a lonely mis- independent self-service. What a sion station may do more for you great contrast to the crossing of than the sight seeing of six cities." the Atlantic by the intrepid discov- On a tour de luxe, such as is ar- erer, Christopher Columbus, or the ranged in a modern cruising steam- brave Pilgrim fathers and mothers. .er, it would be difficult to find ways Only 41 sailors cared for the Mayto follow this sage advice, or the flower and its 102 passengers. apostolic injunction to "endure That vessel was less than one per hardness as a good soldier of Jesus cent of the tonnage of the Empress Christ." Sailing out of New York of Australia, so that if our crew harbor on a bleak December day, and passenger list were of equal the young blizzard that enveloped proportion we would have on board land and sea was more than com- over 14,000 people instead of less pensated for by the warmth and than 900. The Pilgrims were cheer of farewell messages and re- obliged to carry food for their membrances. three months' passage over a course that now occupies only six days. The chilling storms of New York were soon tempered by the wonder- They had no electricity and no ice.

165

They were dependent upon the fully and quaintly picturesque. fickle wind to waft them to their Semitropical and temperate zone port, whereas this great ship is flowers grow in profusion and the equipped with oil burning engines imported Scotch heather sometimes that send us forward at twenty attains a height of 30 feet. The knots an hour. Our food stores in- rocky southern slopes of the mounclude 140,000 lbs. of meat, over tains are diligently cultivated by 60,000 lbs. of turkey, chicken and the Portuguese inhabitants who game, and 95,000 eggs, as well as own small "upright farms" on vegetables and other food. slopes that have an angle of 30 to 45 degrees. On the innumerable Lectures, musicals and other en- terraces they grow sugar cane, tertainments, dances and masquer- grapes for wine, vegetables and the ades, deck games and contests are flowers which they love. The water added to the well organized sight- for irrigation is brought through seeing tours to fill up the time. miles of conduits from the high- Travels clubs, camera clubs and oth- lands in the center of the island, er groups are organized on lines of where the rainfall is heavy. An kindred interests. The daily news enchanting panorama of these sheet, called the Em-Press, gives mountains, homes and terraced world-wide a'nd ship news, and de- gardens unfolds as we rise by the lightful illustrated Memograms de- cog railroad to the Terreriro da scribe tours and points of interest. Lucta chalet 3,285 feet above the sea. A novel and thrilling experi- The passengers and crew repre- ence is the three mile coast down sent a cross section of humanity to Funchal on dry land tobaggans with many characteristics and va- with greased runners, through the ried interests. The cruise members narrow lanes paved with cobble include a former president of Yale, stones, at the rate of from five to many retired business men, pro- fifteen miles an hour! fessors and teachers enjoying a sabbatical year, many widows, one Madeira is not only an island of or two counts and baronets-but no rare beauty but it is a land of inclergymen. There is a great op- teresting contrasts. In general the portunity for a director of missions men look like bandits, but are inon such a cruise in order that the dustrious and honest. Many of the passengers may return home with younger women have Madonna some reliable information on the faces and many of the children are Christian work that is being car- like cherubs, though some of the ried on in the countries visited. latter go about in rags and are im- The excellent cruise lecturers would portunate street venders or begbe happy to give such information gars. The narrow streets of Funwere it permitted, but the fear of chal run between plain, forbidding propaganda makes the cruise directors cautious. stone walls, but behind the gates are beautiful gardens and a no less A Visit to Madeira beautiful home life.

These volcanic islands, rising out Among the contrasts of the city of the Eastern Atlantic, lift their are the ancient and slow bullock heads some 6,200 feet into the sled:.; now competing with the modclouds. The main island, on which ern, rapid moving, honking autois the chief city, Funchal, is beauti- mobiles. The leisurely hammock is

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1

still used for travel over mountain trades as barbel·s, cobblers, tin- paths and passes where, there are smiths, wine merchants, etc. Meat no roads, but the funicular railroad hangs exposed in the butcher built up the mountainside repre- shops; fish lie in baskets on the sents modern progress. stone pavements; the bakers and Perhaps the greatest and most confectioners' wares are unprostriking contrast is between the tected by glass windows or cases. hard working peasants who have A hole in the wall may be a rescultivated the rocky mountain ter- taurant, a gaming-room, or a brothraces, the endlessly toiling women el. Men sit and play cards, or who wash their clothes in the beds dominoes, or throw dice. Many of of the streams or in the wayside the women are veiled up to their gutters on the one hand, and on the eyes, but others are unveiled and, other the gay and careless nightly visitors to the casino, where they dance, drink Madeira wine, and gamble at roulette or bacarat. It is the workers, not the gamblers, who are characteristic of Madeira -as it is the workers and not the bandits who represent New York.

There are many fine Roman Catholic churches in Madeira, and the Protestants witness to their faith in the work of the Church of England, Scotch Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists.

In Moslem Algiers CHILDREN OF AT-GlEnS The contrast is great between the if they are over thirteen, that in Madeira garden mountainside and the Moslem quarter means but one the dark and dirty streets of the sad thing. Moslem hillside in Algiers. The former reveals what man can do In the midst of such surroundby industry to overcome natural ings it is not surprising that there obstacles. The latter shows the ef- is every evidence of degradation. fee,til of superstition, ignorance and Fortunately, the Mohammedans sin in a city district that has not are required to whitewash their progressed in 500 years. houses inside and out three times a year-on the prophet's birthday The Moslem quarter of Algiers and on two other holy days. It is is typical of the worst side of Mos- to be hoped that one of these days lem life and religion. The streets was near at hand at the time of our are so narrow that in some cases visit. There was sore need of disoutstretched hands can touch both infectants and fumigation. walls at once; the upper stories overhang so as almost to meet. The Our hearts went out to the chilcenter and walls of the street are dren who grow up in such surtoo often not much better than open roundings. They are apparently toilets. In the midst of this darkness and filth, merchants ply their

undisciplined and enjoy to the full the making of images and "like- the "modern" privilege of "self- nesses of anything in heaven above expression." The only apparent or in the earth beneath." The re- limit to this freedom is that in fam- ligion of the vast multitudes of ilies of the poor they are obliged Moslems is a matter of form, and to work. We saw little children of even the prohibitiDn against strDng four or five carrying pails of water drink and the injunction to pray weighing as much as themselves. five times a day are largely neg- Other children of seven or eight lected among the city dwellers. No were employed for long hours in call to prayer is sounded frDm the rug factories, skilfully tying knots muezzin tDwer.

as fast as their tiny hands per- But there is another side to the mitted. No wonder that the illit- life among Moslems in Algiers.

eracy of Arabs in Algiers is 80 % This is seen in Christian contacts and influences. In addition to French Roman Catholic work, which has turned some of the old mosques into Christian churches, there is a work conducted by the North Africa Mission, the Church of England and others. The Al- gierian Mission Band, founded over twenty years ago by Miss 1. Lilias Trotter, of England, has now about thirty missionaries scattered in some fifteen stations in Algeria.

They go out among the desert tribes, distributing Christian lit- erature to those who gladly buy, teaching the children, visiting A:, .RAB READING TO THE ILLITER- women in their homes, and talking ATES IN ALGIERS to men on the roads and byways.

and far exceeds that of the desert Last year they distributed in this tribes. way over 15,000 pieces Df litera- Religiously the Arabs are back- ture, thus scattering good seed, ward and have not advanced in the some of which fell on good ground knowledge of God since the days of and bDre fruit. In a suburb of Al- Mohammed. Their superstition is giers, the band has headquarters shown in the use of "Fatimas" in a house formerly the headquar- hands, painted or molded on the ters of pirates. How different its sides of their houses to ward off present use-not as a place for evil; or in the painting of their gathering and enjoying ill-gotten walls blue for good luck; or in the spDils, but as a home where Chris- fear they still show of the evil eye tian missionaries may be prepared of the camera, at the sight of which for service or may recuperate from women shouted and fled precipi- overwork, and from which "leaves tately. The coming of the cinema of healing" are sent out all over has, however, largely done away Algieria-500 miles east and west with the objection to pictures, so and 1,000 miles to the south. Work long prohibited by their law as to is also done among women and chil-

LETTERS FROM ABROAD~NO. 1

dren in the Kasbah or Arab quar- and was promised his liberty if he ter of Algiers. The best work is would return to Islam. If not, he through the personal contacts with was to be buried in the cement the missionaries who live Christ in foundations. Geronimo refused. the midst of these people. The vast His hands were tied behind him majority of them are to be pitied and he was cast alive into the founrather thaI) blamed, for they fol- dations, where cement was poured low blindly their blind leaders and over him. A monk, named Haedo, know not a better way-certainly recorded the story in 1612, and not the Way, and they cannot know when the fort was demolished in except someone point them to Him. 1853, the bones of Geronimo were dlscovered in the mould formed by In the museum of Mustapha Su- his body. A plaster cast was made perieur in Algiers, there is a per- CAST OF GERONIMO, THE MARTYR OF ALGIERS petual evidence of the power of showing the hands bound with Christ to transform these Moslems ropes behind the martyr's back and and give them courage to endure a face of strength and courage. persecution. A young Arab, who This cast is now in the museum at heard the Gospel from a Spanish Algiers, and in the Church of San priest, was converted and took the Philippe – a mosque transformed name of Geronimo. He was taken into a church-rest the bones of to Spain to be educated, but in 1569 Geronimo with an inscription dehe was captured by the Moors and scribing his martyrdom. He has brought to Algiers. Every effort been canonized by the Roman was made to induce him by prom- Church, but he was already a saint ises and threats to renounce his and an heir to the Kingdom of allegience to Christ, but without Heaven. Do we not need more of avail. He was taken to the place the stalwart faith and fortitude of where they were building "The Geronimo in the Church of Christ Fort of the Twenty-four Hours," today?

FROM THE RIO GRANDE

CAPE HORN BY THE REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D.D.

Secretary oj the Inafan Mi.'J8'ion oj Amcrtc(, ana oj the Cmnmissiou on the Indians oj Lntin America T HE statements of this article is easily classified, but what about regarding the Indians from persons of mixed blood? Mexico to Patagonia have In view of the increasing interbeen compiled from various est which students of the American sources, to answer five questions Indians have been showing in the and reveal the neglect and the need question, Dr. Warren K. Mooreof evangelization and Christian head, a member of the Board of nurture for the millions of the na- Indian Commissioners and director tive American race who are with- of the department of anthropology out missionaries. As a preliminary of Philips Academy, addressed a observation the statement of the questionnaire to leading scientists Rev. W. F. Jordan may be noted.: and other interested persons, and "There is an' America, largely un- the subject was discussed at a meetknown to the rest of the world, ing of the American Antropological almost totally undeveloped, un- Association. Dr. Moorehead comtouched and unaided by modern bined a summary of the replies Christian and philanthropic effort. with his own observations as fol- A section of this in Central and lows: South America constitutes 'the greatest stretch of unevangelized By the designation "Indian" is meant territory in the world.' Here the a male or female of native American Indian descent whose father and mothpopulation is overwhelmingly In-' er were native, aboriginal Americans dian, and can be fittingly termed in whom the quantum of Indian blood 'Indian America.''' predominated. Further, as Indians un- Who Are Indians 1 der this designation are included such persons in whom the quantum of blood The classification of racial is one-half Indian and one-half white, groups, where blood of various that is the father of white descent and strains has mingled for genera- mother of Indian descent, or vice vertions, is difficult. In 1519, Cortez sa. Also are included under the desigand his Spanish Conquistadores nation "Indian" persons of one-fourth reached Mexico, and into the em- quantum of Indian blood.

pire of Montezuma, soon over- For the purposes of the present thrown and devasted, there was study of the populations of Latin introduced the Caucasian race, des- America, the classification of only tined to become socially, politically those individuals of predominantly and racially dominant over the Indian blood is accepted as mark- populations of the red race. The ing the line of distinction between question "What constitutes an In- redmen and other races.

dian?" has been variously viewed by scientists and pUblicists. A per- How Many Indians in Latin America?

son whose native American Indian The twenty republics occupying blood is one hundred per cent pure the vast area of the Western Hem- 170 isphere south of the United States as follows: Quechuas 3,000,000; have a population of approximately Aymaras 500,000; Colombian civilized 80,000,000. Estimates of the Indians 500,000.

"Statesman's Year Book" and oth- "There is no need to describe the er investigations authorize a classi- admirable features that characterfication which it does not claim to ized the Inca Empire, which exbe accurate but which serves the tended over almost all of the purpose of division into groups for upland territory, embraced in the ready reference as follows: White three republics of Bolivia, Peru and population, 18,000,000; Indian, Ecuador, or the inferior but still 17,000,000; Negro, 6,000,000; advanced culture of the Chibchas mixed White and Indian, 30,000,- .in Colombia. Prescott, in his "Con- 000; mixed White and Negro, 8,- quest of Peru," Sir Clements Mark- 000,000; mixed Negro and Indian, ham in "The Incas of Peru," and 700,000; East Indian, Japanese Thomas A. Joyce in "South Ameriand Chinese, 300,000. From an- can Arch::eology," considered these other source, one-third of the pop- people worthy subjects for their ulation of Latin America has been masterly sketches. The Indians of estimated as Indian. Dr. S. G. In- those celebrated days were by no man, in "Problems in Pan Ameri- means exterminated by the Spancanism," says: "Although the proc- ish. They survive, probably in reess of assimilation by the Iberian duced numbers and certainly under conquerors in the early days went great oppression, but still capable on rapidly, resulting in the large of the achievements that distin- I'uestizo population which consti- guished their ancestors. Among tutes the bulk of the population to- the humble peons on the Andean day, it must be said that this farms, and particularly among the process seems now to have prac- still existing independent commutically ceased, leaving intact an nities that occupy the more isolated aggregate community of some 18,- sections of the plateau, there live 000,000 of pure Indians, scattered many worthy sons of once distin- from Mexico to Patagonia." guished families. Though sub- Of the Highland Indians of the merged beneath the surface of the Andean Republics, Dr. George M. present social and political life and McBride, reports: deprived of almost every oppor- In Bolivia, 50 per cent of the in- tunity for economic, intellectual or habitants are classed as of pure Indian spiritual advancement, these rugblood, while 27 per cent are of mixed ged mountain people preserve race with the Indian character pre- many of the physical, mental and dominating. (Census of 1900.) In moral qualities which in centuries Peru, out of a total popUlation of 4,- past made them dominate the des- 500,000, the Indians number about 2,- tinies of the entire continent. This 500,000 or over 55 per cent. In is peculiarly true of the Aymara Ecuador, there are practically no per- and the Quechua tribes, the most sons of pure Spanish blood and the numerous as well as the most pure Indians are estimated as about promising of these Indians.

1,600,000. In Colombia, about to pel' "The Lowland Indiam; of South America, in contrast with the highcent of the population iR of pure In- land peoples, are largely uncivildian blood. Though no exact statistics ized. Due in great part to their are available as to the exact numbers, the major divisions are probably about

unfavorable geographical environ- ally, note the following statements ment, they have never developed in from those who have carefully the social scale but remain, as they studied this situation. Dr. McBride have been for ages past, in a state writes of the highland Indians: of greater or less savagery. They are divided into multitudinous These Indians are neither educated small tribes, sometimes loosely fed- nor Christianized. For four centuries erated but generally at more or less they have lived side by side with Euroopen warfare one with the other peans. Yet the vast majority of them and each speaking a distinct lan- can neither read nor write, speak no guage or dialect. The Araucanians languages but their own, are familiar of south central Chile are far above with only a few empty symbols of other lowland tribes, possessing a Christianity and worship, as of old, fairly high degree of civilization, the spirits that, to their simple fancy, with agricultUre and stock raising inhabit fields, rocks and mountain well advanced and an organized peaks. As to their needs, very little patriarchal government. has been done for them in any way, either by missionary agencies or by "Any calculation of the numbers the governments in whose jurisdiction of lowland Indians in South Amer- they live. In general, they have been ica can be only rough estimates. entirely neglected and left in their No census of the republics con- primitive state, to become the prey of cerned attempts to state their In- a slowly advancing wave of civilization dian population of the forests in in which Christianity has played no more than general terms. The fol- part. They have thus been entirely lowing is an estimate based upon at the mercy of traders, industrialists the most reliable data available: and slave raiders. Brazil 1,300,000; Peru 1,000,000; Ecuador 700,000; Bolivia 400,000 ; Mr. Kenneth Grubb, says: Venezuela 300,000; Chile 102,000; Colombia 100,000; Paraguay 50,- There are few missions today which 000; Argentina 30,000; The Gui- work in the indigenous tongue of the anas 40,000, total, 4,022,000. Indians. If you speak to an Indian in Spanish or Portuguese, you do not "In Mexico and Central America make much progress; but if you talk as in South America, exact enumer- his own language you get along much ation of the Indians is entirely better. Perhaps the problem of the lacking. The following figures are civilized Indian is much the same as only approximately correct but are that of the uncivilized. The difficulties based upon the most accurate sta- that have prevented the progress of tistics available: Mexico 5,224,- Protestant missions among the Indians 500; Guatemala 1,202,150; Salva- are due first of all to the nature of the dor 234,650; Nicaragua 180,000; country. Communication is difficult. Panama 91,000; Honduras 60,000; British Honduras 20,000; Costa Secondly, the linguistic diversity Rica, 3,500; total 7,015,800." which obtains among the tribes. Some years ago I published a map present- Why Is This Called the Continent of ing a linguistic classification of 350 Neglect and of Opportunity? different tribes speaking different dia- lects, not all of course radically dif- Regarding the neglect of these ferent; they belonged to about 50 well millions of Indians and their needs marked different linguistic stocks. religiously, socially and education- Another questkm is that of idenli- fir-atioll. The habitat of the llldiall~ is a serious matter; the identification of his tribal identity is another one, for without that, one cannot know in what

INDIANS FROM THE RIO GRANDE TO CAPE HORN

language to approach the Indians or er deeply-seated evils are scarcely more whether it is a language whose lin- than pl'Ojected. The most effective of guistic affiliations make it worth while these is probably the Aborigines Proto commence work among them. tection Society of Peru. This is doing a great work in defending the rights We are not in the position in the of the Indians. The activity so far Amazon basin to start any vast has almost wholly been in opposition schemes of education among the 350 to abuse of the Indian, rather than in uncivilized tribes of Latin America, positive effort to raise him above the but spiritual attainments are to be de- position which permits of the abuse. sired. This is especially the case be- The whole force is Peruvian except a cause the Indian of the interior is young German-Peruvian secretary. entirely in a savage state. For instance, in June, 1925, I was offered In an article entitled "Indigehuman flesh among the Indians. nous Simplicity," William F. Jones Among the same tribe I was finally wrote in The Atlantic Monthly for robbed of all my possessions and August, 1928, this characterizadothes and turned out naked in the tion: forests. You can readily see under those circumstances that one's life is In the casual habits and mental beat stake sometimes. havior of the peoples indigenous to them, the true understanding of the Dr. John A. Mackay, speaking Latin American countries may be on "Adventures in the Mind of found. Observers often make the mis- Latin America," gives a suggestive take of looking for complex psychologi- cal processes and oblique explanations point of view: in these people. The secret of un- derstanding them rests in simplicity, South America is probably the only not complexity. Their ideas, their great region of the world in which thoughts, their actions, are childishly there is no deep-rooted racial preju- simple. Like children they give free dice. It is today the world's largest vent to their emotions, like children Lrucible of race fusion. No race is their amusement is generally at the excluded on ethnic grounds from en- expense of someone else's discomfort; tering this crucible. Where exclusion like most children, they are inherently exists it is due entirely to economic honest, but sometimes put their own reasons. There is fundamentally no trivial gratification foremost at unexsuch thing as racial antagonism. In- pected moments ….. . ter-marriage between the four ethnic families has gone on and continues to Among the Indian natives I have go on …… A keen student of South seen the trait of honesty so often that American sociology, Sr. Jose Vascon- I have no patience with the prevalent celos, the distinguished Minister of opinion that the native is a thief. One Education during the Obregon admin- custom that surprises the stranger in istration in Mexico, has entitled his the larger Mexican cities is the casual latest study of the Southern continent: way in which people carry sacks of "The Cosmic Race." His thesis is that money about the streets. There being South America is the sphere where a no paper currency business houses new "cosmic" race, a fifth member of send boys and clerks to and from the the ethnic family, is being evolved to banks, unguarded, carrying thousands whose formation the white and the of pesos. black, the red and the yellow races are making their contribution. This would Dr. Robert E. Speer, speaking be the true ecumenical race of the fu- of unoccupied areas, said: ture. The opportunity at least is given for us United States people to make Regarding Peru, it is stated: some amends to the Indian race which Societies to combat intemperance, social vice, Indian exploitation and oth-

is so rapidly being wiped out. Very Foreign Missions Conference of hard that problem is going to be in North America and the Committee mauy respects, one of the m08t diffi- on Cooperation in Latin America cult problems of pioneer missionary discussed a program of work work that Christianity has ever un- among the Indians. The total popdertaken. The heroic tasks have not ulation not reached by evangelical all been exhausted by the martyrs be- effort was stated to be between 11,- fore us. There are tasks as heroic, 500,000 and 12,000,000. The unchallenging the church of this gen- civilized lowland Indians were eration, and it may be that out of this represented as, in general, totally congress a spirit of sacrificial appeal neglected. This field of effort was will go to the hearts of the young men proclaimed the noblest task to and young women of our Christian which a Christian missionary could churches that will lead them forth into devote his life. It was proposed those great perils of life involved in that a deputation to South Amerithe evangelization of these Indian peo- ca on the Indian fields should be pIes …… The most needy and un- organized. Vigorous and coordicared for sections are the Indians of nated action was called for. A the Amazon, the Aymaras of Bolivia, Committee on Findings reported as the Quichuas of Bolivia and Peru, and follows: the tribes of Ecuador and Colombia. There are savages among these In- The interest in all discussions has dians, but they are not inaccessible. proved conclusively that there is an honest and earnest purpose on the The Honorable Ignacio Calderon, part of all boards and their missionlate Minister of Bolivia to the aries to solve the problems and push United States, wrote for Current the work to victory with the help of History the following plea: Christ and His church. This confer- ence was intended to bring the needs The Indians constitute the working and conditions of work for Indians 'to force of the respective countries. They light as had never before been done. cultivate the land, exploit the mines, The result is an unmistakable concluconstruct roads and are employed in sion that the churches are under oball kinds of manual labor. Notwith- ligation to undertake on a scale never standing centuries of submission, the before attempted the evangelization Indians remain a sturdy and intelli- and the Christian education of aborgent race, without which the countries iginal Americans of whom there are that have them could not subsist. No not less than 15,000,000 full bloods greater duty devolves on the democra- between the United States and Cape cies of America than to make intelli- Horn, to say nothing of the many milgent and educated citizens of the now lions more who are largely of Indian abject and oppressed Indians. Every blood. sentiment of humanity, every principle of justice and duty call for the redeem- This conference therefore urges ing of those millions of abused mem- every board, to which allocations of bers of the so-called Latin American work for Indians are suggested by the Republics, where no equality in fact Committee on Cooperation in Latin exists, and where want of education America, to assume those responsibilileaves these victims at the mercy of ties to the fullest extent possible. their oppressors. The time has surely come for something to be done. In April, 1924, the Commission on Indian Work in Latin America What Have the Evangelical Forces was organized. The purpose was Planned and Projected for the In- stated to be "to study and promote dians of Latin America 1 missionary work among native- speaking Indians in Mexico, Cen- In January, 1920, the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the

tral America and South America." representative of the Christian The significant statement was made churches, should confess with pain and by Mr. A. C. Snead that "the claim repentance the lack of attention with of the Latin American Indians up- which it has regarded for years the on the Christian church is a claim evangelization of the Indians, and it of a neglected race. They have proposes to awaken a Christian rebeen deeply affected by the politi- sponsibility in the respective national cal and economic life of Christian churches so that they shall not fall civilization and always to their det- into such neglect again. riment. There are more languages What Are the Prospects of the Work?

among these peoples in which the The tabulations of reports from Gospel is not available than in any some thirty-five organizations, hav- other part of the world today." ing relations to Indian fields of Dr. William r. Haven, Chairman, Latin-America, are at the offices of said: the commission, 419 Fourth Ave- Each missionary group working nue, New York.

among these Indians should be re- The educational advance for quested by some central authorization South America, through the Comto send in all the knowledge they have so that a group of experts may put mittee on Cooperation in Latin this whole picture together. We can America, has greatly impressed a no doubt get the cooperation of the number of outstanding leaders of American Geographical Society, the the church. Here one nation was National Geographic Society, the Pan- speaking its message of friendship American Union, the Museum of Nat- to a sister continent. Bishop Wilural History and like organizations. liam F. Oldham, after considering The second thing is to get that knowl- this program, summed up his im- edge out among the Christian people pression, with which other leaders through our churches. There are re- are represented as agreeing, when sources that should be put into this enterprise in faith, in life and in mon- he said: "Without undue enthusey, in the hands of Christian people iasm, speaking deliberately as a in this country, that can be brought man who all his life has been out into service if we can get this infor- on the firing line, associated with mation to the people. It is up to us to large projects in different parts of set the church on fire for the task. the world around, I say that the Maybe it cannot be done. We must educational advance for South not say so nor must we think so. It America is the most comprehensive can be done if we will all get together. challenging program for Christian Five years later, the commission service that I have ever known." was reorganized, May 15, 1929, to Dr. Webster E. Browning, writbe composed of representatives of the various agencies at work among ing in the REVIEW, April, 1928, on the Indians of Latin America. "Notable Conquests in Latin Amer- ica," stated: The Evangelical Congress held in Havana, June 20, 1929, gave Help for the submerged Indian speci~l attention to the Indian masses did not enter into the plans of problem. Extended resolutions Evangelical forces fifty years ago. were passed with the following Even that which is being done today opening statement: is tragically inadequate to the needs of these millions of fellow Americans, as pagan as were their forefathers The commission believes that, as a when Columbus first looked on the preliminary step the congress, as a shores of America. Yet, considerable

interest has now been aroused in the that land seemed to be not only closed problem, a number of missions have to the Gospel but utterly neglected been organized, in one country there and shut out of the thought of God's are now fourteen where three years people in this land of ours. But far ago there was but one, and it is hoped more thought and prayer and service that steps may soon be taken to or- have been given to South America ganize and coordinate these various than ever before. And the result is bodies and carry forward a work seen today in doors wide open throughwhich shall bring to the hundreds of out the whole continent. The faces of widely scattered tribes the benefits of the Indians are toward the light, and Christianity. wherever they see our work they say, "Come to us and teach us and help At the annual meeting, in March, us." With their own hands they are 1929, of the Evangelical Union of building little churches and schools South America, A. Stuart McNairn and looking to us for the' teachers who said: shall bring them into the light.

A new day is dawning for South A new day is dawning for South America. One can hardly realize the America. Let us welcome it and tremendous contrast of things as they take our part in making it the day are today and as they were only a few of the Lord Jesus Christ. years ago. T):!ere was a time when A NEW NOTE IN TRAVEL M AKING travel a vital factor International Council of Congrega- in promoting international tional Churches to England; an understanding and good Art Appreciation Tour under Mrs.

will without eliminating its pleas- R. Edson Doolittle; and a Dante ing vacational features is being Pilgrimage under Mrs. George H.

emphasized in the many tours be- Camehl.

ing arranged for the season of The National Federation of 1 9 3 0 by World Acquaintance Business and Professional Women Travel, Inc. Distinguished men are arranging their third year and women are among the leaders series of tours under World Ac- of these various groups. quaintance Travel. Eight Quin- Some of the tours have been ar- quennial Tours to the Meeting of ranged strictly for study and spe- the International Council of Wom- cial observation. Others are of the en at Vienna, May 27 to June 9 sightseeing variety. Among those are also among the study tours.

with a definite objective, is a group With but few exceptions, all led by Leonard Barron, Horticul- tours will visit Oberammergau and ture Editor of Country Life; a the Passion Play. Each group will motor tour through Spain and also have the advantages of the Italy will be under the leadership hospitality and cooperation of the of Mrs. John Walton Paris; a tour International Committee of World to the Social Service Conference in Acquaintance Travel. This Com- Upsala under Mrs. John Ferguson mittee has been organized for the and Mrs. Josephine Stearns; a purpose of bringing World Ac- Friendship Tour under the aus- quaintance Travelers in closer pices of the Methodist Church, and touch with the problems, institu- the Good Will Pilgrimage of the tions and social life of the nations.

DAY, CAPE HAITIEN

TOMORRO'V IN HAITI BY THE REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, D.D.

S ecreta-t'Y, American BapttBt Home Mission Soci ety O NE cann.ot predict what to- longer in the backwaters of the morrow will be in Haiti world's life, but is now fairly without taking into account launched on the main currents.

the American occupation. Will Our country has no more impor- Marine intervention cease in 1936 tant international relations than when the treaty of 1915 expires? with Latin America, and its deal- Or will a new treaty be signed pro- ing with Haiti will help to make or viding for further intervention? mar its fellowship with the other Or will the Commission recently republics of this hemisphere.

authorized by Congress recommend Since the summer of 1915, Haiti some better way in which our Gov- has been virtually a protectorate of ernment may help Haiti? We at- the United States, American treaty tempt no answer to these questions, officials cooperating with Haitian and therefore our forecast of the officials in governing the country.

future is indefinite. But the Amer- There is an American High Com- ican occupation by its past achieve- missioner who seems to share with ments has definitely determined the President of Haiti supreme that Haiti can no longer, as in the power, and there is an American past century, remain in isolation Financial Adviser – General Re- and neglect, overlooked by the mis- ceiver, who confers with a Haitian sionary and humanitarian forces of Minister of Finance in the collec- the world. The Marines have tion and expenditure of revenue.

forced a certain amount of prog- Other Departments, such as Public ress upon the country. It is no Works, Sanitation, and Police, are 2 177

directed by American treaty offi- complished in roads, bridges and ciais in cooperation with Haitian public buildings with the scanty cabinet ministers. In all of these revenues of this poor Republic.

lines Haiti has been governed with But what wins one's greatest ad- a high degree of efficiency and hon- miration is the service rendered in esty. Most noteworthy has been human welfare by the Navy phy- the successful financial reorganiza- sicians that are stationed all over tion of the Republic. Foreign the island as Public Health officers, claims have been liquidated, the not only working for clean streets foreign debt reduced, the budget and a clean water supply, but heal- has been balanced, the currency ing the sick in their daily clinics stabilized, and a large cash balance and also building hospitals. No built up. medical missionary could be more In the early days of the occupa- beloved for his service to suffering tion the first institutions to present humanity than some of these phy- a new and modern front were the sicians, who ride out into the coun- prisons, and the element of the try to hold clinics for the poor. Be- population ,that saw the first im- cause of their disinterested service provement in living conditions they have been able to secure the were the prisoners. The peniten- cooperation of the Haitians of the tiaries became models of neatness; better class in developing a few trades were taught and gardens large public hospitals. Of one of cultivated within the walls, and so these hospitals it is said with different was the lot of the prison- pardonable pride that it is the ers from their former days when largest in the West Indies, a they were dependent upon their worthy boast for a country that has friends or charity for their daily hitherto ranked as the most back- bread, that to the poor outside it ward of this region, seemed no hardship to be a pris- In the original treaty which the oner. Now that a well-trained Na- United States gave to Haiti to sign, tional Guard is policing the coun- under which all of this helpful ad- try, the barrack or police station of ministration was authorized, noth- each town has become the model ing was said about the Courts of house of the community. Over Justice or Public Education. Later each of these barracks presides a experience has proved that these noncommissioned officer of the U. omissions were regrettable. To S. Marine Corps, a tested and ap- remedy in part what was omitted, proved man with pride in his work. a new Department called Service What a sight for the weary eyes of Technique has been instituted, at the foreign traveler to come into a the head of which is an American little town in the interior and find and a small force of foreign agri- a well-kept lawn in front of the cultural experts. Under their di- police barracks and a vegetable rection rural schools have been garden in the rear, an object lesson established, where the emphasis is of great value to the rest of the laid on manual training, gardening, population. and the care of animals. To sup- Then there is the Department of ply teachers for these schools a Public Works, staffed by engineers central normal school is maintained belonging to our Navy. The mar- at the capital. There are also in- vel is- to see how much has been ac- dustrial schools for boys at several

TOMORROW IN HAITt

of the larger towns. In addition to of the popUlation, which is an esti- these schools the Service Technique mate only of the number of illiter- maintains tw~nty demonstration ates, have received marked benefits farms, and certain experiment sta- ft'om the American occupation and tions for coffee and sisal, and sends is apparently contented. They are through the country a number of freed from fear of bandits or revo- farm advisors. Many of the more lutionaries; they may safely take intelligent Haitians believe that the produce of their little farms this is the most valuable contribu- over good roads to market. In any tion of the American occupation to case they have always been treated the welfare of their country. as inferiors and are accustomed to For that branch of the Haitian this treatment. As peasants, they government called Public Educa- have not aspired to social equality tion the American treaty officials with the merchants, professional are said to have little sympathy. men and politicians of the cities.

While large sums have been appro- But these latter are the unhappy priated for the Service Technique, classes. They have been deprived which is under American control, of any part in choosing their Presi- appropriations for the Department· dent or the Council of State that of Education, which remains under has supplanted the national Con- the Minister of Public Instruction, gress. If any of their number are today smaller than they were criticize the President too severely.

in 1914-1915. Haitian teachers in he is thrown into jail and left there the agricultural schools receive a long time without trial. A Na- higher salaries than their fenows tional Guard, officered by Amer- in the ordinary Haitian schools. icans, is the instrument of these oc- The American criticism of these casional acts of despotism and is schools, even where manned by the support of a government in capable teachers, is that they are which they have no voice or vote.

academic, not fitting the pupils for To add to their resentment the any vocation. The Americans American Treaty officials, who rightly believe that it is of the ut- have the last word in the collection most importance to teach the chil- and expenditure of revenues and dren how to work, but it is unfor- who thus control the destinies of tunate that they have not prepared the country, have not succeeded in the Haitian educational authorities suppressing altogether their feel- to undertake the responsibility for ing of racial superiority. They these agricultural schools. The dwell in the midst of the Haitians danger is that when American con- with a separate social life of their trol is removed, all the work of the own. Although care has been taken Service Technique may fall to the not to wound their racial sensibili- ground. ties, the Haitians cannot help feel- This leads us to note what is gen- ing that their country is ruled by erally agreed to be the chief failure men from the United States where of the American occupation. It the distinctions of race are never has not succeeded in winning the forgotten.

sympathy and cooperation of the Whether it be because of this educated classes. Its human and lack of sympathy between Ameri- social contacts are all too few. The can cfficials and the educated common people, ninety per cent classes, or because of the desire for

efficiency in administration, there Christian missions in Haiti is that has been little or no preparation "a great door and effectual" is open of the Haitians for self-govern- to the country people, but the opment. They have not had an op- portunity with the educated classes portunity to elect a Congress or a President. If the American occu- in the cities is uncertain. The impation comes to an end according provements in public order and to the terms of the present treaty public works and the new rural in 1936, Haiti will not have been schools resulting from the occupaany better prepared for self-gov- tion have changed the whole life of ernment than if there had been no the countryside. It is a day of intervention by the United States. awakening. Thousands are learn- To all intents and purposes the ing to read who never read before. United States is administering the The Word of God may now have affairs of Haiti as if it has received free course among the masses. In a mandate from some association the cities on the other hand, there of nations, without planning for a is a certain amount of resentment definite end. at foreign control and consequent anti-American feeling. The Roman Religiously, Haiti is different Church appeals to the educated from other Latin American repub- classes as being a part of their cullic in that there is no anti-clerical tural inheritance from France, of party; there seems to be not even which they are proud. They want the beginning of any such move- to be treated as of French, not as ment as in Mexico led to a break of African origin. With good reabetween the church and the state. son they feel that their spiritual In Haiti the religion of the state is heritage ought to characterize them Roman Catholic and its ministers rather than their physical traits. are supported by public funds; and The way of approach to them is the people seem to be content to not easy if it be with an American have it so. Public education is in emphasis. part in the hands of priests and nuns. There are also certain Ro- Fortunately for the progress of man Catholic schools that receive the Gospel, the Protestant faith most of their support from the had already become rooted in Haiti state. through missionary efforts of for- mer generations. British Wesley- But just as the old type of public ans were among the earliest to education reached only a small establish evangelical churches in proportion of the children, so the that land, followed by British Bapstate religion has in reality affected tists in the forties of the last cenonly a small part of the population. tury, whose work was later con- African voodooism is a more po- tinued by Jamaican Baptists. A tent force in the life of the masses decade later an American Negro than Roman Catholicism. This cult from Connecticut successfully is prohibited by law, but the pro- founded the Episcopal Church in hibition has not been effectively a number of towns, and some Bapenforced. In general one may say tist Abolitionists from New York that the religion of the country founded a mission in the capital people is more animistic than city. The churches founded by Christian. these pioneers still live, and al- The situation then that confronts though small, they number some

1930J TOMORROW IN HAITI

cultured and mfluential families the building of these chapels, and among their members. From them for the support of primary schools have come ministers who, having in connection with some of them.

received their early preparation in To be sure they have been built the Lydie of Port-au-Prince, con- little by little in the course of thir- tinued their education in American ty-five years, but this work has seminaries, and have set a high meant that Pastor L'Herisson has standard for the Protestant min- spent about half of each week in istry. The Protestant churches the saddle. Now at an advanced may be small, but they are now age he is still straight and strong, rooted in the soil and, having been and still keeps a close oversight of in existence long before the Ameri- all his groups of believers. As this can occupation, are not looked upo!). work is the outgrowth of British as part of it. It is true that the Baptists it is fitting that it should Episcopal and most of the Baptist receive some support from Jamai- churches have now some connection can Baptists, who had assumed with American Mission Boards, but their ministry is Haitian.

The futm:e of the Protestant churches lies in the extension of their ministry away from the coast- al cities into the neglected interior of the island. The first pastor to discover the untouched resources of the rural population was Nos- sirel L'Herisson, of the Baptist Church of Jacmel, as far back as 1895 when he gave himself to the COUNTRY HOUSE IN IlAITI work of the ministry. Going out This Hut Can Hold Over li'ifty People on mule-back every week to seek what they could of the mother So- the lost on the mountains overlook- ciety's obligations in the West In- ing the southern coast, he has grad- dies.

ually built up a body of believers Beginning at Cape Haitien on numbering 1,200 communicants the north coast, Pastor A. Groves and some 2,000 more who are con- Wood, a British missionary in the verted but not baptized because un- employ of The American Baptist able to be legally married through Home Mission Society, has led Hai- their past sinful entanglements. In tian Baptists to evangelize the in- addition to the chapel at Jacmel, terior of the Island just as Pastor which is the home of the church L'Herisson had done in the south.

into the membership of which all The same readiness to hear the are baptized, he has led these peo- preaching of the Gospel has been ple in the building of twelve stone found among the country people in chapels in as many out-stations the one case as in the other. Among scattered among the hills. When other places the little town of St.

we consider that the average daily Michel was deeply stirred, and the wage of a laboring man is twenty believers built themselves a little cents, we can appreciate the conse- chapel of mud walls and thatched cration and skillful leadership in- roof, which was no sooner com- volved in the collection of funds for pleted than it became too small.

Here occurred the conversion of a sian was to gather all of his images, notable "bokor" or voodoo priest. fetiches, and charms and pack them Like Simon Magus he had given into this "houmfort." Then he cut himself out to be a great man with down the sacred tree, under which powerful charms. He attended a most of the heathen ceremonies gathering in the home of some of were performed, and added it to the members and was deeply af- the pile. Then he summoned the fected by what he heard. One verse nearest Baptist leader, who came of Scripture that haunted his mem- with a number of his members. ory was: "No man, having put his When they arrived the converted hand to the plow and looking back, "bokor" poured kerosene over the is fit for the kingdom of heaven." "houmfort" and set fire on it. The Later he left the district and tried news of this conversion and defito efface from his mind the Chris- ance of the voodoo religion spread tian impressions received at that like wild fire through the region meeting, but this one text of Scrip- and as a result of this testimony ture would not leave him alone, and others were won to Christ. it finally brought him to the feet of his Saviou,r. Afterward his wife Every church or outstation esalso found peace. She said that she tablished requires a primary school had suffered from demons and was where the children may be taught often unable to sleep, for as soon as to read and write. The church night came these demons took pos- desiring a school furnishes the session of her and she knew noth- room and the equipment, and the ing of what she did until the mission furnishes only the salary demons left her. In a very real of the teachers. The equipment in sense hundreds of people in Haiti most cases consists of a simple have been set free from the fear of thatched covered hut with benches demons by the knowledge of the and with rude desks for only a part Gospel. As one listens to their testimony when examined for bap- 0: the pupils, to be used in relays tism, one is impressed by the little that is said concerning Romanism for writing lessons. In some places and by the frequency with which there are night classes for adults they bear witness to the peace that who want to learn to read. It may has come into their lives since they be a long time before sufficient believed that Jesus has conquered schools are established by the Govthe demons and freed them from ernment for all the children of bondage to their tormentors. Haiti. Meanwhile the Protestant churches must make provision for About three years ago there was a literate membership and thus published a translation of the Gos- contribute to the building of a new pel of John into Creole. This is the and better Haiti. language of the countryside, a patois of French but containing many The sense of nationalism is African words. Between Las Cao- strong in Haiti. It is the only nabas and Mirabalais a voodoo priest tion on this hemisphere where the was converted through reading Negro race has an opportunity to this Gospel. He had a "houmfort" or rude temple in his yard. The develop its own institutions. Its first thing he did after his conver- independence must be jealously re- spected by the United States. If our help is extended in the spirit of brotherhood, tomorrow in Haiti will be full of promise.

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT

MEXICANS?

BY THE REV. ROBERT N. McLEAN Director, Spanish-SpcuJd,ng "-Vork oj the Presbyterian Board oj National Missions O F ALL the peoples who have even these have their elements of come to our land, there are uncertainity in determining total none who are so little known population, because of so many and little understood as the Mexi- variable factors involved. In one can immigrants. Go into any pub- year 62.1 per cent of all the Mexilic library and ask for literature cans entering legally were adults, about Italians, Japanese, Poles, and and three fourths of these were you will soon be barricaded at your males. In the industries there are reading table with a wall of books; many "solos" or single men. Mexiask for information about the Mex- cans usually have larger families icans and the librarian will explain than native Americans. There are to you that there is no book entire- many Mexican children employed ly devoted to the subject and that in seasonal agriculture and are the periodical literature is meagre therefore not in school. All these indeed. The Mexican is the man are factors which make it difficult whom we do not know. to fit school or employment sta- tistics into the formulre commonly The whole subject is clouded used in determining population. with uncertainty. Estimates as to the total number of these people in Because of this uncertainty, one the United States vary from a mil- guess is as good as another, except lion and a quarter to three millions. that the best guess is the one which Even the government statistics do is quoted most frequently. Repetinot help us much, for they take tion has tended to give value to cognizance only of those entering estimates of Mexican population. legally, while during the past dec- Our guess for the purpose of this ade hundreds of thousands have discussion will be 1,750,000 in the entered surreptitiously. "Wet United States, not counting the backs" they are called east of El large number of Spanish Ameri- Paso; "Bootleg Mexicans" where cans in New Mexico and Colorado. the Rio Grande no longer marks the boundary. Recently the border When the immigration from patrol has been increased and the Mexico began in large numbers, it vigilance tightened; but the num- was confined almost entirely to ber of Mexicans here illegally is so Texas, California, Arizona, Cololarge as to render the government rado and New Mexico. The revolufigures valueless in an effort to de- tionary period which began under termine the size of the problem. the leadership of Madero in 1910 left Mexico in turmoil. Then came The only two safe guides are the the World War with its depletion school enrollment of Mexican chil- of our own labor supply. The dren and the statistics as to the Armistice ushered in a new era of number of Mexicans employed in industrial expansion calling for an the major industries such as rail- unprecedented amount of common roads and beet comoanies. But labor. And so with the push of 183

want behind and the lure of oppor- conditions incident to a settled com- tunity ahead, the Mexicans munity. A church or a community swarmed northward by the hun- house set upon concrete founda- dreds of thousands. Then came the tions illy meets the needs of a development of immense irrigation family which lives upon wheels.

projects bringing under cultivation The Baptists have taken an ad- millions of acres of new land, dedi- vance step in the use of their chapel cated for the most part to the grow- automobile, and the Council of ing of seasonal fruits and vegeta- Women for Home Missions is doing bles. Finally the quota law of 1924 a notable work among the Mexicans greatly cut down the supply of through its department of work for common labor from Europe and cannery and migratory workers; resulted in a corresponding accel- but as yet a set-up which will ade- eration of immigration from Mexi- quately meet the need has not been co. developed.

In the southwest there are three In fact, any solution can at best main types of employment which be but a makeshift. There is too lure Mexicans. He is first recruited much moving on the part of the by the agricultural interests, and Mexicans and too little interest on his labor is' largely migratory. the part of employers in the social When a crop, such as lettuce or needs of their workers. It has been melons in the Imperial Valley of estimated that the average Mex- California, or cotton in Arizona, is ican migratory worker is idle 30.4 ready to be gathered, there is a tre- per cent of his time. Large em- mendous demand for Mexican la- ployers seem to want Mexicans bar; but once the crop is harvested numerous and hungry. They de- the demand immediately disap- mand that the labor reservoir shall pears. The Mexican packs his few always be full so that the expense belongings and his large family of recruiting may be reduced to the into a decrepit second-hand car, mWlmum. Some plan must be and rattles away to work on an- worked out whereby employers of other crop somewhere else. Case migratory agricultural labor may studies have been made which show budget their labor needs, coop- that the average migratory family erating rather than competing in lives in five or six different places the use of the Mexicans. In this during a calendar year. the railroads might cooperate by The problems of the school, the arranging to do the bulk of their community house and the church in construction work during the pe- dealing with such a shifting group riods of greatest idleness in crop can readily be imagined. One work. Such a plan would be to the school teacher in the San Joaquin interest of all, for if the growers Valley in California reported a cannot harvest their crops the rail- Mexican turnover of forty per cent roads will have nothing to haul.

every month during the school The railroads themselves are the year. A Sunday-school in Arizona second large employers of Mexican with an average attendance of 75 laborers in the southwest. Roy E.

had 642 different names upon its Kelly, of the Southern Pacific Rail- roll in one year. The trouble lies road, estimates that, counting men, in the fact that our missionary pro- women and children, 250,000 of gram has been developed around these people are supported in this

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE MEXICANS?

country by. railroad work. The their home and their last '!rust with railroads claim that they are the a friend. Juan Garcia therefore best laborers available, being able "visits" with a relative or an acto withstand the extreme heat of quaintance until he gets a job the desert and willing to do without wheeling concrete or digging with argument what they are told. Also pick and shovel. And when the they are willing to live in box-cars, crop which recruited him again or cement section houses, and to needs his services, he is reported work for $2.60 per day. missing.

But both railroads and agricul- Since the quota law of 1924, turists are constantly losing their Mexicans are found in ever-in- A MEXICAN HOME IN BELVEDERE Mexican laborers to the industries creasing number outside the southin the large cities. Very frequently west. The Interdenominational Juan Garcia is out of a job, and Council on Spanish-speaking Work, when he has no work he inevitably a subsidiary of the Home Missions drifts to the city. Although a Council, is conducting a questionfarmer he gravitates to the metro- naire survey of this phase of the politan area for three reasons. He problem. It has been discovered is natural1y gregarious, he is sure that there are two main groups of to have a relative in the city, and Mexicans. The first is made up of he has learned that if worst comes those laborers who have been reto worst, charity is better organ- cruited by the sugar beet comized to care for him there than in panies and who are to be found in the country. Mexicans will share Kansas, Nebraska, Idaho, Wyo-

ming, Michigan and Ohio. The sec- zumas, they introduced the feudal ond group is about the Great system of Europe. The economic Lakes, where Mexicans are em- order which they displaced had ployed in the various foundries, been largely communistic. Land factories, steel mills and automo- belonged to the Emperor and was bile manufacturies. There are held by individuals only in trust. about 30,000 in Chicago, and Illi- Failure to till the ground was nois last year was the fourth state looked upon as a social sin because in declaration of destination on the it removed from production part part of incoming Mexicans. of the patrimony of the tribe. Con- tinual disuse of the land meant that In this lively competition for it would be taken away and aslabor, the beet growers hold the signed to another. . bag. The work they offer is irregular, requires child labor, provides The Spaniards introduced priinadequate housing conditions and vate ownership of land in vast poor pay. As a result it is only the estates. Such expeditions as those first-year Mexican who is found of Cortez were financed out of pristooping over the beet fields. As vate capital, and it was understood soon as he becomes sophisticated that the backers were to be reimhe slips through the fingers of the bursed out of the spoils of the consugar company and gets a job in quest. To Cortez himself was given Detroit, Pontiac, or Chicago. an estate which covered 25,000 square miles, while to even the In the last-named city there is a colony of about 1,500 Mexicans humblest foot-soldier in the ranks supported by work in the foundry a princely donation of land was of the General Motors Corporation. Most of them were recruited by the made. It must be admitted that beet companies; all of them are permanent additions to the indus- the Spanish were interested in wintrial ranks. They do the hottest ning the Indians from paganism, work, the dirtiest work, and they earn on the average $4.50 per day. but it was thought that the easiest But there is no "season" in such way to accomplish this noble aim work, for the foundry runs night was to assign responsibility to each and day. In fact, a woman keeping a rooming house for Mexican landholder for the people living "solos" went to the employment officer and requested that certain upon his estate. So there was not men be transferred from one shift a large hacienda in all Mexico to another so that she could keep which did not have its private her beds continuously occupied! chapel. In order wisely to prepare his brief, the hypothetical friend of the But human nature is human na- Mexican must understand some- ture, and the land-owners were far thing of the background from more interested in making their which this strange laborer comes. tenants dig irrigation ditches, build For more than three centuries he houses and plant corn, than they has been it slave in everything but were in laboring for their souls' the name. When the Spaniards salvation. They earned on an averconquered the empire of the Monte- age twenty-five centavo8 a day and were housed in hovels, shacks and holes in the ground. Moreover they could not leave the land upon which they labored until they discharged their debt to their patron-a feat

which under the circumstances was the various evangelical bodies are impossible. doing among the Mexicans – and When the fires of revolution succeeds about as well as such or- blazed out under Madero in 1910, ganizations usually succeed. To- less than ten per cent of the people day there are not less than 24,000 owned all of the land. The revolu- Protestant Mexicans in the United tion had as its background igno- States, not counting Sunday-school rance, disease, squalor, slavery, scholars or that large group of ad- superstition, and practically all of herents who for social reasons are their ills-social, economic, spirit- unwilling to declare themselves.

ual, the Mexicans have owed to the The Mexicans who have come in- land system. Disease came from to this country present a rare op- malnutrition and poor housing; portunity for evangelistic effort.

ignorance from the fact that the landed aristocracy thought the common people as little worthy of education as the oxen and the bur- ros with which they labored.

Out of this welter have come a million and three quarter of these people t6 live among us-about one fifth of all the Spanish-speak- ing people of the country. We fumigate and vaccinate and inocu- late at the border, thinking to protect ourselves from Mexican ill- health; but nobody has ever yet been wise enough to work out a system of vaccination or inocula- tion, like a shot in the arm, which can be given to a Mexican which SU NDAY SCHOOL L'i 'J'HI~ B[PERJAL will protect us from the social and VALLE'i-!'IO'J'E 'I'lU; }IIGRANT BABY OH GAN the moral ills from which Mexicans suffer. This is the task of the Rooted to the soil for centuries, school, the community house and they have at last cut the ties which the church, but it is a task which have bound them. They have left cannot be accomplished in a day. their homes, their kinsfolk, their Sufficiently heartening is it to real- work, their old environment. Co- ize that these brown-faced boys and incident with this change there is a girls, with an ancestry of three cen- dissatisfaction with the old life and turies of ignorance behind them, all its conditions. With a frank are keeping fair pace with OUT and open attitude toward new Anglo-Saxon children. And the old things in a new country, they are hovels and shacks of the Mexican also open to a new philosophy of colonies of a decade ago are giving life. But the opportunity is one place to neat, tlower- and vine-cov- which will brook no tarrying. The ered houses. Mexican people in the United States The Interdenominational Coun- are casting themselves, plastic, re- cil on Spanish-speaking Work seeks sponsive, into a new mould. The to coordinate and regulate in the Church has the chance to say what interests of comity the work which· form that mould shall take.

AND PROGRESS IN PORTO

BY C. MANLY MORTON Professor in the Evangelical Seminary oj Porto Rico PORTO RICO is one of the new- character which the average young er fields for evangelical Chris- man does not have. I want more tianity. Thirty years ago of them." The evangelical min- there was not a single Protestant istry is looked to for leadership in church on the island. Today there every forward movement for social, are more than two hundred organ- moral, and spiritual betterment.

ized churches, besides many unor- The Commissioner of Education of ganized preaching points, with a Porto Rico, when congratulated on total membership of more tha.n the remarkable progress of his de- twenty thousand. An even more partment, replied that he did not significant fact is that for several feel that even his many and good years the mission boards have been schools were making the contribu- able rapidly to reduce the number tion to Porto Rico that the Protes- of missionaries until· today no tant ministers scattered over the board has more than one mission- island were making. The Chief ary in general evangelistic work, Justice of the Supreme Court of in addition to teachers and physi. Porto Rico, in a public address, cians. One of the largest missions said that he considered that each has recently selected a Porto Rican one of the many and difficult prob- as superintendent of its evangelis- lems now before the people of Porto tic work. Another mission has no Rico was in the last analysis a re- American mIssIonary connected Iigious problem, and that the young with it in any capacity. Not a ministers were doing the one thing single church on the island is in that could solve the problems. The charge of a missionary pastor. The Judge of the Federal Court of churches are rapidly working to- Porto Rico told the President of wards self-government and self- the Evangelical Seminary that he support. is now convinced that not the Within less than thirty years, the courts, nor even education as he evangelical churches have come to formerly had believed, but the kind occupy a place of influence alto- of work being done through the gether out of proportion to their Seminary and through its grad- numerical strength. Being a Prot- uates was the only hope for the fu- estant is looked upon in most quar- ture.

ters as an asset. A prominent Of course there are many ele- government official, himself a Ro- ments entering into such a victory man Catholic, recently appealed to as this. The one, however, which the Protestant ministers to send the writer feels to be of greatest him young men to work in his de- importance is the spirit of coopera- partment. In the course of the tion and unity which has more or appeal he said, "The most reliable, less characterized the work from trus"tworthy, ·efficien.t men I get the beginning, but which has arisen come from the evangelical churches. to a place of dominant importance They seem to have a strength of during the past ten years. This 188 has enabled the e van gel i c a I ily interested in one great cause. churches to pre!'icnt a !'iolid front No bw;iness is transacted. It is and to conserve and usc many of strictly a time of communion and their forces which, under ordinary inspiration. conditions of rivalry and competition, would have been lost. The Protestant churches own and operate one of the most mod- Zones of Activity ern printing establishments in Porto Rico. They issue a sixteen The island is divided into zones to twenty-four page weekly journal of activity, and each mission is of religion which ranks as the neatgiven a special field with the re- est, most attractive, best edited sponsibility of developing it. There periodical of its kind in the Spanish has been practically no overlap- language. This has taken the place ping. The local church is usually of the several little denominational known by its location instead of by papers which were formerly pubits denominational connections. lished. It is a pUblication which The feeling is fine. The spirit of can be placed in the public libraries "the second mile" has more often or handed to the best people with predominated than has the con- the consciousness that it will make trary. A simple illustration will a good impression. A notable fact serve to demonstrate the spirit in is that more than half of its subwhich this territorial agreement scribers are not members of the has been carried out. Some years evangelical churches. ago, the Presbyterian Church transferred a small portion of its The Evangelical Seminary territory to the Disciples of Christ, who were geographically better But without doubt the greatest able to take care of it. The only single factor in the development of hitch in the negotiations came in the evangelical cause in Porto Rico connection with the transfer of the is The Evangelical Seminary. This three modern concrete church institution was established in 1919 buildings which the Presbyterians to carry forward and enlarge the had erected. The Presbyterians in- work formerly done by the various sisted on giving the three buildings denominational training schools to the Disciples free of charge, for ministers. Seven denominawhile the Disciples insisted on pay- tions-Baptist, Christian, Congreing for them! It was a desire to gational, Disciples of Christ, Meth- "give" rather than to "get" which odist, Presbyterian, and United characterized each one. Brethren – cooperate in its man- agement and support. The faculty The dangers which the isolation is composed of a president and four of divisions of territory brings are full-time professors, one of whom overcome by the Interdenomina- is a native son of Porto Rico and a tional Conference which is held graduate of the Seminary. No two each summer. From 150 to 200 are from the same denomination. workers from all of the denomina- Each student receives the same tions come together in June for a training as all the rest. The spirit week of study, fellowship and in- of the institution is thoroughly spiration. In these gatherings, evangelistic, its viewpoint is Cristodenominational lines are forgotten. centric, its methods are modern, its The group becomes one great fam- intellectual and spiritual standards

are exacting. The Latin American protection and encouragement. It is cultured, idealistic, and intel- is the logical and only place for the lectually strong. The mini"ter who two great cultures of the new world successfully appeals to them mUBt to become welded into that endur- have these qualities plus a faith ing friendship based upon under- and spiritual power to make him a standing and good will, which can real leader. and will stand the stress of sus- The Evangelical Seminary of picion, commercial rivalry, political Porto Rico is the largest institution blundering, and intentional mis- of its kind in all Latin America, representation. Columbia Univer- and it is the only one giving a sity recognized the strategic im- standard bachelor in theology de- portance of Porto Rico when it es- gree. It is located just across the tablished here its School of Trop- street from the University of Porto ical Medicine. Boston University Rico, and works in complete har- recognized it when it gave its co- mony and cooperation with that in- operation in developing here a stitution which is rapidly moving School of Commerce. Charles toward its ideal of becoming a Evan HUghes recognized it when great Inter-American University. he accepted the chairmanship of a The students of the Seminary and special committee organized in the University mingle in the class New York for the purpose of rais- rooms and on the campus, and one ing a huge endowment fund for of the finest pieces of work being The University of Porto Rico. The done on the island is that of the Evangelical Seminary wishes to do quiet influence of these student con- for the spiritual life of the Amer- tacts. icas that which these other institu- The Seminary draws its students tions and agencies are doing for from all parts of Porto Rico, and the scientific, commercial, diplo- from Cuba, Santo Domingo and matic, and purely cultural life.

Venezuela. Its graduates go to Two of the big reasons why every section of the Caribbean Protestant Christianity has not region, as well as to many other made more progress in Latin lands parts of the world. Already it has are: first, the lack of unity, and five men in Cuba, five in Santo second, the fact that the message Domingo, five in Venezuela, two in has usually been cast in an Anglo- Columbia, one in Central America, Saxon theological mould which the three in Spanish work in New York Latin mind neither cares for nor City, and more than one hundred understands. Porto Rico has only in important pastorates in Porto 3,400 square miles of territory.

Rico. There are constantly on file Into that it has crowded a million calls for prepared men from other and a half men, women, and chil- sections of Latin America, which dren. Under these conditions, peo- cannot be filled. ple have to work in harmony and Porto Rico is the only place in understanding. Here evangelical the world where both English and Christianity is trying out many ex- Spanish are official, cur r e n t I Y periments. Here it is looking deep spoken, languages. It is the only into its own soul in a noble effort place where the two ciVilizations, really to find itself in relation to Spanish and Anglo-Saxon, live side the supreme task of revealing by side under conditions of equal Christ to a Latin people.

S(J:I!E OF THE PEACE CARAVANERS SEN'l' OUT DURING THE SUMMER OF

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR The Story oj a Remarkable Humanitarian Service BY ANNA L. CURTIS Publicity Secreta,J'Y of the AlnCric(f~n F1'icJlds Sen;ice CQnlmHtce T HE American Friends' Serv- population of France and Belgium, ice Committee was organized the first man in the field, it is said, June I, 1917, by the Quakers wearing the same arm-band or of the United States-the Relig- brassard that his father had worn ious Society of Friends. They col- in similar service in the same land lected $5,000, chose Rufus Jones as forty-two years before. chairman, borrowed Haverford American Friends gave much College as a summer training help to the English at this time, school, and called upon the young but did not organize in a national men of the Society who preferred way for the work until the United constructive to destructive work, to States also entered the war. In the volunteer for relief and reconstruc- ten years after 1917, the American tion in the devastated districts of wearers of the red and black star France. The eight-pointed red and made their way to every corner of black service star of the Quakers suffering Europe-over 900 Amerihad already been worn in France can men and women, mostly young by English Friends in 1872, and members of the Society of Friends, twenty years later in Bulgaria and laboring always in closest coopera- Russia. Three weeks after the war tion with the English Friends and broke out in 1914, English Friends their other hundreds of workers. began relief work among the civil In both America and England, 191

the Quaker work touched popular vided paying work for the women :'lympathy. People of every nationality, religion and political opinion during the long winter houn;, esgave money and goods to the Friends, the American Committee tablished an orphanage (liquidated alone receiving in ten years' time over $12,000,000 in cash, and a still in 1929), and an agricultural larger sum in clothing, seed, food supplies, drugs, etc. school (recently turned over to the Help was given without regard Polish Government). to religion, or politics, or nationality. The kind of relief given, of In 1919, the Friends reached course, was dictated by the particular need. In France, thousands Austria and Germany, there to find of shell-damaged houses were repaired and hundreds of new cot- the problem of terrible malnutritages built, while their occupants were provided with clothing, beds, tion, affecting hundreds of thouutensils, seed, rabbits, fowls, for beginning life again. Temporary sands of children with rickets or children's homes were conducted and a maternity hospital was tuberculosis. The Friends bought founded, the last being later endowed as a permanent gift to cows and milk from the countries France. In Belgium, similar work for children was done. which had once been a part of Aus- In Russia, thousands of Polish tria, but are now no longer and refugees were aided and, during the famine years, several hundred became the iargest milk distribthousand Russian peasants were fed and probably saved from death utors in Austria. They trained and by starvation, while a children's clinic, nursing service, and model sent out traveling teachers of hyfarm demonstrated in the famine area a better way of living. Suf- giene who taught children and fering Serbia received new homes, clothing, food, and medical service. adults in the most remote parts of At one time, the only medical help for 80,000 people was that of the the country how to avoid tubercu- Quakers. In Poland, after the war, the Friends hauled timber for new losis. homes, supplied food, clothing, tools, sheep, and seeds ($100,000 In Germany, two periods of worth of the latter in one shipment). The Quaker anti-typhus child-feeding were carried on. Durunit at one gateway from Russia, by which were pouring in the re- ing the first, the Quakers cooperturning refugees, helped to save Europe from the threat of typhus ated with a committee in the which came with them. They pro- United States under Mr. Hoover's leadership; during the second, with a similar committee headed by General Allen. In all, over 2,- 000,000 children received a supple- mentary meal in school, for periods varying from a month to a year.

This child-feeding work was chiefly a concern of the United States.

But, through the English Friends mainly, much help was also given to students, old people and families in distress, in both Germany and Austria. .

In all these countries, the physi- cal relief and reconstruction work done has proved to be, instead of a work complete in itself, the basis for a far greater task-that of openly and officially aiding in the spiritual reconstruction of the land.

As a logical result of the relief work, the Friends have established Good-will Centers in Moscow, War-

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR

saw, Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and the Hospital near Moscow. The Quak- Wodd Capital, Geneva, from which ers are now oooperating, by request to carryon a further program of of the Russian Department of faith and works. In each country, Health in establishing a children's the centers are in touch with native clinic, and are to send two more leaders in peace, religious and so- nurses to train young Russi!j.n cial work. Their rooms are used women in the work. The Paris for conferences on every forward- Center has given impetus to some looking question. Travelers are notable prison work in France, in- brought into touch with the life teresting a large and influential and institutions of other countries. group in probation work and pris- Lectures on international subjects on reform under the name of Com- are frequent and the entire effort mittee for Study and Action is to try to help' individuals and toward the Diminution of Crime.

groups to a better understanding The maternity hospital at Chalons, of other countries, or of other which the Friends established as groups in their own country. part of their war work, has since The aim is the same in all; but been endowed as a permanent me- the specific 'activities, aside from morial in France. Two things dis- those above-mentioned, vary great- tinguish it, its remarkably low ly. In Paris, Berlin, and Frankfort death-rate and the fact that the are student clubs, where students nurses' aides come from several of several different nationalities different countries. They are come together for social gather- young women who gladly give a ings or friendly discussions of vital year to this international service.

questions. At the Vienna Center, All the centers work in closest nearly 200 young people, mostly cooperation, collecting valuable in- still in the teens, similarly meet in formation, exchanging articles in eight or nine club-groups for study, newspapers and periodicals, ar- social periods, and, above all, to ranging conferences between na- catch the international viewpoint. tionals of different countries. The The Geneva Center has a Student Berlin and Warsaw Centers, for in- Hostel, primarily for the accommo- stance, brought about the first con- dation of post-graduate research ferences between Germans and students, and the fifteen or eight- Poles held after the war. The Ge- een who are there 'during a year neva Center also has done much to are drawn from five or six differ- bring into cooperation for joint ac- ent countries. Two yearly scholar- tion and mutual information serv- ships for study in Geneva are given ice the seventy-odd international to teachers of history in Quaker organizations which now center in schools or colleges. Geneva.

In Poland, the Peasant Indus- In 1928, the American Friends'

tries Scheme has provided women Service Committee extended its with weaving and embroidery work work to Japan, cooperating with to do during the winter months, another Quaker organization to the products being sold mainly in send to Tokyo a young couple England and the United States. In whose sole business is to help cre- Russia, two Friends are taking ate a better understanding between public health work as their service, Japan and the United States. They and are working in the Botkinsky work with several schools, are in 3

touch with leaders of liberal move- are ready to spread the Gospel of ments, and are sending home for Peace in churches, before Rotary publication a series of most in- or Kiwanis Clubs, or in summer forming and helpful articles on the schools. They teach boys' and country. Giving much time to the girls' camps the games and folk- study of the language, history, and songs of other lands, or tell tales customs, they hope they are laying of far-away children to Sunday- the foundations for intelligent schools and Daily Vacation Bible peace-making. Schools. In the summer of 1927, India, too, is now to be touched there were eight teams; in 1928, by the Service Committee. (Eng- eleven; in 1929, twelve, each work- lish Friends, of course, have long ing in a different part of the coun- been working there.) The great try.

Indian poet, Rabindranath Tagore, The Youth Peace Declamation has established a social and educa- Contests are intended to bring the tional settlement in Santiniketan international idea to children from in the Bengal district. Here young nine to fifteen years of age. Be- people are given full academic cause of the difficulty of finding training, or instruction in arts and selections suitable for such con- crafts, while a full program of tests, a book of peace recitations health and social work for the near- and stories, "Peace Crusaders,"

by villages is being built up. In was compiled, especially for the 1929, Tagore asked the help of use of contestants. During the first Friends, and the Service Commit- year, ending November, 1929, over tee has responded by sending a 500 contests were held all over the young doctor and his wife, a prac- United States, and medals awarded tical nurse, to take charge of this the winners. In several cases, health work. ·"Here at Santinike- through the interest of school su- tan," writes the young man, "is the perintendents, the schools of an en- place where the most is being done tire county participated.

to bring about an understanding Education through the press is a between the East and the West." very important part of the Service The war called the attention of Committee's work. Short and in- Friends, as of other peace-loving teresting articles and items which people, to the great lack of definite carry the international spirit are education in the United States for prepared weekly for editors, over international friendliness and un- 200 of whom in a dozen different derstanding. The Service Commit- states are now using the material.

tee is undertaking to do its share Another similar series is sent to in this needed work. Probably the teachers, club leaders, and others.

most dramatic educational activity The list of subscribers to this free thus far sponsored by American service is steadily growing, and Friends is that carried on by the now includes the Mexican Minister Peace Caravans-college students of Education, who has the articles who spend their summer vacations translated into Spanish and dis- traveling about by auto, in groups tributes them to the Mexican of two young men, or three girls, schools.

and speaking on peace wherever During 1929, two important they get the chance. Carefully peace conferences were sponsored trained before they start out, they by the Service Committee. One, for

future religious leaders, was at- four years have thus worked in tended by over 200 theological stu- schools for Negroes or Indians; in dentH, young miniHterH, Christian institutions for delinquent boys and Association Hecretaries, student girls; in city social settlements leaders, etc., with such leaders as and the settlements of the Ken- E. Stanley Jones, Bruce Curry, and tucky Mountains; at Ellis Island, Sherwood Eddy. For three days and in similar places. During 1928, they discussed the problems of child feeding and medical work war's challenge to Christianity. were done, and some other relief The other conference brought to- given during the coal strike in the gether about forty editors of re- Barnesboro District of Pennsylligious papers, their problems vania. being those of conscience and the state, our best defense in view of Similar work was begun in Marthe Kellogg Pact, etc. ion, N. C., in November, 1929. Here, in the textile district of the Peace work among our Negro South, the class bitterness and anpopulation is relatively as impor- tagonism could hardly be greater, tant as among the whites, and the while the mill laborers and their American Inter-racial Peace Com- families are living in conditions mittee is the joint effort of the which are destructive to home life, Friends and of representative and child labor is a commonplace. American Negroes to enlist the ac- As a result of the strike against tive support of the colored people long hours and low wages, many and to increase mutual understand- families are destitute, and the Soing between the two races. Organ- cial Service Section of the Federal ized in June, 1928, the Committee Council of Churches has invited the has already done much valuable Service Committee to cooperate work from its headquarters in the with it in much-needed relief work, Service Committee office. Public tbe Friends to administer the readdresses, mass meetings, news re- lief. Food, clothing, and medical leases, and educational work service are to be given for three among colored ministers, teachers, months at least, the hope being that and children are the chief methods a solution of the difficulties may be employed. found during that time.

The chasms of misunderstanding All this Home Service work, between different groups in the whether institutional or of the sosame country are often nearly as called emergency type, will help the wide as those between different nation grow in its ability to solve countries. Also, there is an in- its social problems. The young spiration in service for the sake of people who take part in such work service alone, which comes in no will have gained by experience a other way. For these two reasons, broadening knowledge of the conthe American Friends' Service ditions underlying racial and class Committee encourages young peo- conflicts and other problems affectple to volunteer for a year, or for ing public welfare. Through such a summer vacation, in some form constructive service, the Friends of ill-paid service to their fellow- believe that they are helping to demen in this country. Nearly 200 velop the patriotism of peace and young people in the last three or good will among men.

LIGHT ON THE FIRST MISSION-

ARY FROM AMERICA To THE EDITOR OF THE MISSIONARY John Levering was the first male REVIEW OF THE WORLD:- native born American to go as an BETHLEHEM, PA., Jan. 13, 1930. ordained missionary to foreign lands. In the January issue of THE MIS- SIONARY REVIEW Dr. Otis Cary In 1769, John Antes, born March raises the question as to who was 24, 1740, near Philadelphia, sailed the first missionary to sail from for Cairo, Egypt, where because of America, and comes to the conclu- his missionary activities, he sufsion that this honor belongs to fered the tortures of the bastinado Erasmus Schmidt, who sailed from which made him lame for life..

New York in 1803. The list can be extended indefi- If you are interested in following nitely. All these cited were native the matt~r further, I may report born American missionaries. Many that between 1746 and 1805 no less more, who came to Bethlehem, than seventeen native-born Ameri- Peimsylvania, from various councan Moravian foreign missionaries tries of Europe, were sent forth were sent out from Bethlehem, from the Moravian settlement as Pennsylvania, sailing either from foreign missionaries many years before the American Board or any Philadelphia or New York. other Protestant Mission Board May 18, 1746, George Kaske and was organized. .his wife, Susan Elizabeth Kaske, maiden name Funk, who was born It will be noted that "The Soin Germantown, Pa., November CIety of the United Brethren for 18, 1721, sailed for Berbicein Propagating the Gospel among the Demerara (British Guiana), South Heathen," which is the incorpo- America. To Susan Elizabeth rated missionary society of the Kaske belongs the honor of being Moravian Church in America, was the first native-born (her husband originally organized in 1745, reorwas born in Germany) Protestant ganized in 1787, and chartered by American missionary to foreign the Legislature of Pennsylvania in lands. She went to the mission field 1788, a quarter of a century before sixty-six years before Adoniram the American Board Was chartered Judson and his wife, Ann Hassel- by the Legislature of Massachutine, sailed for India February 19, setts, although the latter is usually styled the first American mission- 1812. ary society. The Moravian "S. P. G." has never had occasion to ap- In October, 1747, Joseph and ply for any amendment to its char- Mary Heap Shaw sailed from Phil- ter granted in 1788, and has been adelphia to work among the negro carrying on missionary work uninslaves on the island of St. Thomas, terruptedly for 142 years. then Danish West Indies. Very sincerely yours, In February, 1759, John and Sarah Bechtel Levering sailed for PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, Jamaica to work among the negro slaves on that island. Secretary of Moravian Missions.

196

"THE NECESSITY THAT IS LAID UPON US"

BY REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D.

Pn.stor of the Shadyside Presbyterian Church, PittsburghJ Pa..

SPEAKING at the tenth anni- and finds its way to establish clin- versary of the League of Na- ics and hospitals in cities and vil- tions Union the former Prime lages that still listen to the rythmic Minister of Great Britain, Mr. music of the tom-tom. In all these Stanley Baldwin, who is one of the overflowings of the moral barrier outstanding Christian statesmen of we rejoice and say, "It is well." our generation, in paying tribute Do we feel the same way about to the growing goodwill of the religion? Do we have the same world said: "The moral boun- angle on religion that we have on daries of nations no longer match potatoes and beans and oil and necessarily with their political and tobacco and pickles? We have a physical boundaries." He went on sense of pride that we can export to say that these moral boundaries our goods, our books, our steel, our "overflow and so all forms of in- meat, our fruit, our culture. Do we ternational cooperation are spring- feel the same way about our reing up today in the most unex- ligion? Have we any religion to pected places." An example of export? Perhaps you say we need what he means is the League of all the religion. we can produce Nations Union itself, and also the right here. Yes, and perhaps we Kellogg Pact, which we trust is to need all the education, the culture, be a bond of world-wide goodwill. and medical science right here at The will to peace is not confined home. How did the great apostle, to any frontier. America cannot the first great foreign missionary, be bounded by any physical lines who was an intense nationalist and of latitude or longitude. The ideas one of the sanest men feel about it? and ideals which are born and have He tells us how he felt. He felt their habitation in America do not passionately about it. He felt that ask permission to pass through exporting religion was the greatest any customs house in the world. If business of his life and if he were the seaport is closed the air route here today he would say that autois still open. Trade and commerce mobiles and engines and steel-proddo not wait until diplomats are ucts and the by-products of coal satisfied as to what goods should and aluminum and gymnasiums be bartered. One can find Stand- and colleges and psychology were ard Oil and Virginia tobacco and poor things indeed to send out in Pittsburgh pickles in the heart of comparison with religion. He was China. The passion for education a Jew, a Hebrew of the Hebrews leaps all obstacles and erects its in- and yet he said "Necessity is laid stitutions on the carefully guarded upon me, for woe is unto me if I Bosphorus, on the Mediterranean preach not the Gospel." And then Sea and on the banks of the Nile. he goes on to say, in this same The glory of the medical profes- piece ot passionate eloquence "I sion is that it knows no barriers have a stewardship entrusted to of race, religion, or nationality me and though I was free from all 197

men I brought myself under bond- other so far as that was concerned.

age to all that I might gain the Dr. Jowett, the Master of Balliol, more; and to the Jews I became was once asked by a young inquir- a Jew that I might gain the Jews; ing student what he thought about to the weak I became weak that I God. He replied "That is a very might gain the weak. I am become unimportant question; all that all things to all men that I may by signifies is what God thinks about all means save some." me." There you have in a nut-shell Religion is either everything or all that is really worth-while about it is nothing. It is either first or religion. What you and I think it is nowhere. It is either the best about God, what Edison and Dar- thing in the world or the worst win, Einstein and Clarence Darrow thing in the world, as suggested by and Mencken think about God the Soviet government that holds matters nothing. What the Bud- that religion is the opiate of the dhists and Mohammedans and Hin- people. Paul felt that it was every- dus think about God is of little or thing and so necessity was laid no consequence. What they think, upon him to give his religion uni- is, €lf course, interesting and re- versality. Why did he feel this flects the result of a long search; way? Was ne eccentric? Was he hut the great, all-consuming ques- a fanatic? He was all these and tion of importance is "What does yet he was the sanest and coolest God think of us?" In other words of men who measured his words by has God made himself known? If the sacrifice of his life. Why did not-then we are still feeling out he feel this way? after Him if haply we may find 1. The Necessity of a Priceless Him. We do not know.

Possession. He felt this way be- But Paul knew. He was sure.

cause he looked upon his religion He knew that God had made it as something unique and priceless. known in certain stupendous acts He had something other people did such as the birth of Jesus Christ, not have, and he was restless to His sinless life and conscience-com- share it with them. He knew some- pelling teaching, His death on the thing they did not know and he cross and His resurrection in living was impatient to tell them. His power. It may be interesting to soul burned within him like fire. know what others think about God He could not keep it. It was better but it is vital to know what God than gems or gold. He knew a thinks about us. In other words, secret about God. All over the we do not hunger for the result of world men talked about God but man's discovery; we crave God's were not sure. They argued and revelation and unless God tells us debated. They erected altars and about himself we must, like all the offered sacrifices. They differed as generations before us, lose our way to whether it was on that mountain in darkness and silence. Paul knew or on this that God should be wor- what God thought about man and shipped. They disagreed as to his so he wished to share with all men name and as to his nature. He was this priceless treasure. This was not concerned about diffusing the the Gospel and it was this inspir- ideas which men had ditlcovered ing motive which sent him over for themselves about God. One sea and land proclaiming the evan- man's opinion was as good as an- gel of Jesus. This was the neces-

sity that lay upon the soul of this heart was made for God and is great missionary pioneer. restless till it finds its rest in Him.

II. The Necessity of Unsatisfied My faith burns low, my hope burns Need. Then, too, the hunger of the world was there. He could not get low Only my heart's desire cries out in away from that. Peopie every- me.

where wanted to know. People By the deep thunder of its want and woe were feeling out after God. In the Cries out to Thee. streets of Athens Paul found an altar to the Unknown God. He III. The Necessity of Unparallel never got that altar out of his mind. He could not get away from Success. Paul had tasted success. He that eloquent appeal. It was a was not a raw recruit. He was not revelation of a religious hunger being commissioned for foreign that found no satisfaction in all the philosophers' search after God. mission service for the first time. It is still true. The world is everywhere filled with altars where we This is not his inauguration adburn incense. to the gods we cannot name. There are innumerable dress;' this is his mature convicaltars burning a strange fire in America. A trip to the Orient or tion. He had had twenty years of in America will make your heart bleed, if you have a heart, when the Christian life when these words you see the empty rituals and the were written. He had had ten years at least of aggressive misheart hunger of the millions. sionary service. He was not home Throughout the world that need even on his first furlough. He had is becoming eloquent. We read been over the ground. He had that the progressive, modern, little tramped the hills of Asia Minor and traversed the high seas. He republic of Uruguay down in South knew the difficulties and could have outlined those difficulties better America, feeling out after some- than any of his critics. He had sufthing to satisfy, is burning incense fered for his faith. He had been stoned and shipwrecked and imupon the altar of secularism. Holy prisoned and laughed at in the Week has been changed to Touring college circles in Athens but he had seen enough, he had tasted the Week. Sunday is a holiday and fruit of victory, he had seen the Gospel at work. He had first hand Christmas has become "Family evidence and knowing everything Day." And the hungry sheep look he was impatient to be up and out up and are not fed. Man cannot and at his work of evangelism.

live by bread alone and if the soul Again and again he draws a con- is starved there is tragedy. Paul trast in his letters between what knew the need of the heart of the men were before the Gospel came world. Do we know it? And are to them and what they became we blind enough to think that the afterwards, a sort of "Before and peoples of the lands beyond and After" photograph. Here is one of our own land are going to be of his photographs. He draws this satisfied with victrolas and auto- striking parallel: "Be not de- mobiles and radios and electric ceived; neither fornicators nor lights and frigidaire? It is still adulterers nor idolators nor ef- true, as it has ever been, that the fiminate, nor thieves, nor covetous,

nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor message of Christ were brought to extortioners, nor such like shall Korea did the women find theminherit the kingdom of God. And selves to have intrinsic values." such were some of you." That is one photograph. Here is the other: Success and victory and triumph lay necessity uppn us to preach the "But ye were washed, but ye Gospel for it is still the power of were sanctified, but ye were justi- God unto salvation. Still as of old fied in the name of the Lord Jesus we sing Christ and in the Spirit of our God." Far, far away, like bells at evening pealing, These contrasts are multiplied since those far-away days. Every The voice of Jesus sounds o'er photograph of a mission school is land and sea; eloquent in such contrast. Every mission station, every Christian And laden souls, by thousands meekhome, every little Christian child ly stealing, in China, in Japan, in India presents just such a picture. There Kind Shepherd, turn their weary rises before 'my vision a picture of steps to Thee. the Christian families over against the pagan life of the Orient. I can IV. The Neces8ity of the Preserclose my eyes and see in a little 'vation of Personality. There re- Japanese Church father and moth- mains this to be said: Paul could er and three Japanese girls all not side-step this necessity without dressed in spotless garments, hymn peril to his soul. There is such a book in hand, the light of God in thing as the disintegration of pertheir faces, singing of the Christ sonality. I think it was this of who threw open the gate of new which Paul was afraid. Having the life to them. truth, knowing the truth, seeing the need, if he refused the call Among all the discussions that there was for him no longer any took place at the Jerusalem Mis- haven of salvation, of honor, of sionary Conference the one dealing duty, of truth. I think this was with what Christ has done for what he was thinking of when he women a:pd children interested me said "Woe is me if I preach not most. In one such discussion group the Gospel. Necessity is laid upon three women spoke, one for China, me." To save himself he must go one for Japan, and one for Korea. forth and fulfill his obligation. It Speaking for China Miss Tseng was by coming back from his long said "China is in her present state flight into the wilderness and facbecause we have neglected our ing Jezebel that Elijah won his women so long. No nation can rise right to have his soul. It was by above its women. Christ has given his return from his experience out women life, soul, and the way to in the sea to face the duty that come to God." Speaking for Japan called him to Nineveh that Jonah Mrs. Kubushiro said: "In Japan was saved from moral disaster. It no religion, native or imported- is by losing our life that we save except Christianity- has ever it. The army that goes into winter given women the place of a per- quarters is beaten when spring son." Speaking for Korea, Miss comes. The Church that draws its Kim said "Only when the life and robes of ritual about it is dead. The Christian who, knowing Christ and His power to meet the world's needs, folds his hands is more

OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME

than a traitor. To save himself, for the Gospel's sake in order to to keep from disintegration, to secure my own share in it. I thereavoid being lost Paul could not fore so run as not uncertainly, so escape the necessity that was laid fight I not as one that beateth the upon him. He would lose his soul air but I beat and buffet my body if he did not move out in the path -my selfish self-lest by any of duty. He would slip from his means after I have preached to high place of being a Christian other people I myself should be a personality and become mere drift- cast-away." Think of the tragedy "I myself a cast-away," the Gospel wood. He would become like Judas, going on and on and on to victory a traitor, whose only destiny was to go out alone into the night. and "I myself a cast-away." The moment the Church turns its back This is his argument and this is upon the missionary enterprise that very moment darkness covers what he meant. And if you will the earth, and that moment too, follow through his words you will the Church.

see how passionately the necessity burned in his soul. "I do all things OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME BY M. A. McWILLIAMS 1 N ARTICLE in the January Oh, the depth of the riches both of I l . number of the MISSIONARY the wisdom and knowledge of God! Rom. 11: 33. REVIEW* speaks of "living beyond our spiritual income" and The riches of his grace wherein he of the "apparent spiritual poverty abounded toward us in all wisdom and of the American churches." It prudence. Eph. 1: 7-8. might be well to point out the rich stores at our disposal. Preach the unsearchable riches of Christ. Eph. 3: 8. An income is the gain derived or our revenue from any effort or in- My God shall supply all your need vestment. "Our spiritual income," according to his riches in glory by then, is the gain which we derive Christ Jesus. Phil. 4: 19. from our service for the Lord; the revenue which we receive from the To whom God shall make known abundant nches to which we are what is the riches of the glory of the heir through Christ. mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory. Col. What saith the Scripture about 1: 27. them? That their hearts might be com- I will give thee hidden riches of forted, being knit together in love, and secret places, that thou mayest know unto all riches of the full assurance of that I, the Lord, which call thee by understanding, to the acknowledgment thy name, am the God of Israel. Isa. of the mystery of God, and of the Fa- 45: 3. ther, and of Christ; in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowl- Who will commit to your trust the edge. Col. 2: 2-3. true riches. Luke 16: 11 I.e. Surely there is an abundance of That he might make known the riches laid up for those who believe riches of his glory: Rom. 9: 23. in Christ. There is no need to lack spiritual income if we draw on the • By the Rev. Prot. D. J. Fleming. resources provided for us. Why,

then, should there be any "spiritual we can do nothing," and when we poverty" among those who profess not only keep in close contact with the name of Christ and who form Jesus but actually "abide in Him,"

the churches of America? then we shall have a spiritual in- May it not be pertinent to ask come ample for all our needs and ourselves whether the lack of spir- that love for others such as Christ itual income is due to self-pride had for us. "Greater love hath no which prevents our accepting the man than this, that a man lay riches provided by the Father down his life for his friends. Ye through Jesus? Unlike the prodi- are my friends if ye do whatsoever gal son who insisted on having his I command you." John 15: 13-14.

wealth and spending it in riotous It is because some love their fel- living in a far country, we do not lowmen in accordance with the ask our Father for that sustenance command of Christ to "love one which is our due as a child of His. another as I have loved you" that We nibble dry and sometimes they go out to preach, to teach, to mouldy crusts which we have nurse, to give medical attention to stored up from some spiritual feast those who know not the Saviour.

which we once attended, rather Such self-sacrificing love as this than accept our daily spiritual had Carey, Judson, Livingstone, bread from God's Word, the mes- and those who today are bringing sages given us through His serv- others to the Lord. When we think vants and through experience. Why more of the "treasures laid up in do we starve our souls in sight of heaven" than "those on earth" and the table provided us daily by the would rather "abide in Christ"

Lord? than "spend off-time at a night Then, too, as the loaves and club," then we shall have an abun- fishes multiplied in the hands of dant spiritual income and our Christ and fed a multitude, so His American churches will have spir- riches multiply as we share them itual riches beyond estimation.

with others. It is as we serve the Shall we not avail ourselves of the Lord in the home and foreign mis- resources laid up for us by the sion fields, telling others of all He Lord in such rich abundance?

has done for us and of all that He Perhaps if we more fully real- will do for them that we gain in- ized the poverty of our .own re- estimable blessings. The gain sources, we would more eagerly which we derive from service seek to avail ourselves of the riches should so increase our spiritual in- which God so amply provides for come that it will overflow to all His children. When we actually with whom we come in contact. realize that we are sinners who The difference between spirit- need a Saviour, and have had the ually minded missionary workers joyous satisfaction of knowing and those who do not have a Jesus as our personal Saviour and "warm, vital Christ life which they Elder Brother, then we shall have are eager to share" is just that the that boundless enthusiasm in soul- former "have been with Christ," winning which characterized Paul, while the latter are trying to Jive Mary Slessor, John G. Paton, and on their own resources. When we countless others who gave them- throwaway self-pride and are will- selves to the serviCe of the Lord in ing to confess that "without Christ the harvest fields of the world.

Of THE

Moving Letter from a Veteran SIONARY REVIEW has been sent with- Missionary out charge, lead us to renew the in- vitation to our subscribers to send OUR readers will understand how extra checks in order that the REVIEW deeply we are moved by the fol- can continue this blessed ministry' to lowing letter from one of the Lord's chosen ones in India: devoted missionaries both at home and abroad who cannot afford to pay for it It is forty-seven years today since my themselves. The cost of publishing the magazine is considerable and the subfirst landing in Calcutta as a missionary scription price ($2.50) is kept so low that we cannot afford to send free from Australia, and it must be quite copies unless they are covered by speforty years since I began taking the RE- cial gifts. Will not some of those who read these Jines deem it a privilege to VIEW. For many years I paid for it, and mail us checks at once? If a donor has a particular missionary in mind, at two periods it was kindly sent gratis please give name and address. Otherto me. It has always been a great help wise, we will gladly select a worthy and educator.' I can see how the REVIEW recipient.

has given me knowledge and interest in Atlantic City Conferences many countries and missions that I THE annual meetings of four inter- denominational missionary confershould not have known otherwise and do ences were held in Atlantic City in thank you very heartily and sincerely for January. The Home Missions Coun- cil and the Council of Women for this broadening of sympathy and fellow- Home Missions were held simultane- ously, January 8-11. Most of the sesship amid the isolation of work in "back sions were held separately, but there blocks" of crowded Bengal. was a joint session on the closing day. The Federation of Woman's Boards of This year has seen me disabled from Foreign Missions met January 11-14, active service; i. e., direct evangelism in and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, January 14-17. All the villages. Although my faulty heart these conferences were largely atprevents much physical movement, I am tended. The Home Missions Council enrolled nearly 100 delegates represtill able to keep accounts, correspond, senting 24 denominations in the etc. I am hoping to be relieved by an United States, and the Foreign Mis- sions Conference 236 delegates repreefficient Bengali worker early in the New senting 65 boards and societies in the United States and Canada. A conyear, and shall then probably be booked ~iuerable numbe!' of missionaries and for Heaven or Australia, as heat and hills are now equally im{lossible to me. Probably early March will see me leave my beloved people and work, but it is quite all right as He loves them more than I do. I see more the necessity of prayer, and praise God for His great goodness, wonderful enabling, and the best life on earth (i. e., the missionary one).

The last few years small allowance and increasing cost of living have prevented my paying for any magazines, but your REVIEW and one or two Australian papers have been continued by unknown friends. for which I am exceedingly grateful, and want to thank you more than tongue can tell. May God bless you abundantly. Please accept my very loving farewell.

I shall certainly try to get subscribers for you in Australia if it is God's will for me to work there.

Y OUl'S heal'tily, representatives of allied organizations Such a letter, and many other ap- were welcomed as corresponding mem- preciative messages from devoted bers at all of the conferences, 146 at Christian workers to whom THE MIS- the Foreign Missions Conference 203

alone. The programs were full, able created fomulate common policies and addnsses were delivered, and there was free discussion of a wide range of face missionary problems in the large topics. and as they affect not merely separate The question has sometimes been raised whether these conferences denominations but the Church as a justify the expense which they involve. Travelling expenses and hotel whole. From this viewpoint, we bebills make the annual cost quite an item to boards and societies that send lieve that there is general agreement their full quotas of delegates. In addition to the expenses of the annual that these conferences are abundantly conferences referred to above, there are the budgets of their standing com- worth all they cost, and that no one mittees. For example, the annual budget of the Committee of Reference and would seriously think of abandoning Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference is $78,486, of the Home Mis- them, although some are of the opinion sions Council $19,052, and of the International Missionary Council, $40,- that they might wisely be held bien- 000. Moreover, delegates who have attended these conferences for many nially instead of annually. The nuyears seldom hear anything new. Almost every conceivable subject has merous interdenominational conferbeen discussed many times, and the addresses are heard by experts who ences and committees that the modern really do not need them, however much they may enjoy them. Christian worker is expected to attend These criticisms, however, although often make heavy demands upon time undoubtedly just, fail to take into account that the chief value of such con- and, in the aggregate, involve considerferences dOEs not lie in addresses or resolutions, but in fellowship, in mu- able expenditure of money. But if we tual understanding, in fostering the spirit of unity and cooperation. They rightly value unity and cooperation in mean that the missionary enterprise has definitely passed out of the period the extension of the cause of Christ when each board, like the man referred to in the book of Judges, "did that and the effective application of His which was right in his own eyes," without regard to the work of other teachings to the problems of the moddenominations and with resultant overlapping, failure to use men and ern world, we should be willing to pay money to good advantage, unwise variations of policies in the same the price. A. J. B. fields, and the perpetuation of denominational spirit. Visit of General Smuts It is an enormous advantage to THE recent visit of this great statesboard officers and members who, dur- man from South Africa was a noting the year, have been thinking de- able event. It was the general opinion nominationally and planning and con- at the Peace Conference in Paris, ducting denominational wOl'k, to meet after the World War, that the three with the officers of many other boards, statesmen present who took the wisest take counsel with them, pray with and largest view of existing and prothem, and in the atmosphere thus spective problems and whose counsel, if followed, would have been of highest value to the world, were President Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister Venizelos of Greece, and Gen- eral Smuts of South Africa.

During the decade that has followed the War, General Smuts has been one of the most eloquent advocates of the League of Nations. He came to America in response to the invitation of the League of Nations Associations and several other peace organizations. He was received with distinguished honors. Crowded audiences assembled to hear him every place that he spoke. President Hoover entertained him at the White House, and both house~ of Congress took a recess to greet him. He frankly stated that he had not come to America to persuade the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

United States to enter the League of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover; four Secretaries of State – Root, HugheB, Nations as he felt that this waS a ques- Kellogg and StimRon; former Attion which Americans must decide for torney General George Wickersham, themselves. But he eloquently set and hundred;; of other eminent men in forth the character and achievements of the League during the ten years of both political parties have urged adits existence and recorded his full herence to the Court. The objections faith in it as an indispensable agency that were originally pressed in the United States Senate have been met for settling international disputes. by the agreement of other govern- Many Americans keenly feel that, ments to the amendments proposed by former Senator Elihu Root, and there when representatives of over fifty nations of the earth meet around the council table in Geneva to consider is general agreement that there is now how the cause of peace may be pro- no valid reason why the United States moted, the United States, the largest should not immediately give its conand most powerful nation in the world currence. President Hoover has alwhich ought to be an influential factor ready authorized the signature of our in the League, stands aloof in the com- Government to the Protocol, and nothpany of Russia and Turkey. The ex- ing now remains but the consent of the Senate. A majority of the senators perience of the decade has conclusively are known to be ready to vote for it. proved that. the fear that the League At this writing the President has not would interfere with national govern- yet submitted it to that body, Some ments and circumscribe their liberties has no foundation whatever. The New conjecture that he is waiting for the York Times of January 12 truly said tariff bill to be gotten out of the way, that instead of being a dangerous others that he fears the possible effect sup~r-state, in a:ctuality it has been of an inevitable senatorial discussion found to be a servant of all the na- on the Disarmament Conference that tions. It is at least some consolation is now in session in London. Whatto know that while the United States ever the reason, his whole-hearted in- remains outside of the League, it is terest in the Court is well known and cooperating with many of the League's the issue is not really in doubt.

commissions. The critics of the A. J. B.

League have now abandoned prac- Filipino Independence tically all of their original contentions and are contenting themselves with THE moot question of Filipino insaying that "the League is a splendid dependence is up again. It has been thing for Europe but that it would up sporadically for many years. Prom- inent Filipinos have been steadily adnever do for America." To which The vocating it, but while there have been New York Times replies that "with the individual members of Congress who whole movement of thought and trade and education and statesmanship mak- have sympathized with them, there ing more powerfully every day toward have ·not been enough to give the prothe idea of an inevitable solidarity of posal prospect of early success. There is, indeed, practically unanimous pubinterest between the United States lic sentiment in America that the and Europe, it becomes increasingly Filipinos should ultimately become in- dependent. Both of the great political difficult to argue with a straight face parties are committed to this. But when? Aye, there's the rub. Are the that what has turned out to be a bless- Filipinos fitted for independence, or ing for European nations would be a curse for us." A. J. B.

The WorId Court are they likely to be in the near fu- ture? They emphatically say yes.

HOWEVER, the next step for Amer- Much of this feeling is doubtless due ica is entrance to the World Court to the quite natural desire of any peoat the Hague. Three Presidents- ple to be independent of foreign con-

trol. It is equally natural that ambi- missionaries and non-missionaries tious Filipinos should think of the alike, the latter, in several instances, office~ that they would hold in an inde- being in the majority. Some of the missionaries declared that they did pendent government. Many of the common people, however, are reported not want to be protected by an armed to be influenced by the belief that, if force, and that they would rather take they were free from America, they their chances without it. In one case, would have lower taxes with continued a group of missionaries sent a protest prosperity. to this effect to the State Department in Washington; but the Department In Washington, the dominant con- viction has been that the Filipinos are replied in effect that the Government not yet ready for self-government and could not abdicate its responsibility to deal with American citizens as such, that it is the duty of America to con- tinue to hold them until they are irrespective of their occupation, and farther advanced. Now, however, the that it must act on its own information movement for immediate independence and judgment as to the measures that has received strong reenforcement in should be adopted. Well informed gov- ernment officials do not complain about Congress and that for a rather selfish reason. Under the present arrange- missionaries as a class, though they ment, sugar, tobacco, hemp and other sometimes object to the indiscretion products of' the Archipelago are ad- of a particular individual. Suppose mitted to the United States free of the missionary does occasionally need duty, so that America is the principal protection; he is a citizen, and what market for Filipino exports. This kind of a government is it which re- fuses to protect its citizens in their means that Filipino sugar comes into competition with the beet sugar grow- lawful undertakings? Noone ques- ers in the United States, and their tions the right of a trader, however representatives are advocating Fili- dissolute, to go wherever he pleases pino independence because America and be defended by his country in case can then impose a protective tariff of danger. Has not a missionary an that will restrict, if not altogether equal right to the benefits of his flag?

close, the American market for Fili- Scores of ministers and consuls have pino sugar! The disastrous effect of testified to the wisdom, peaceful influ- inde-pendence upon economic conditions ence, and beneficent work of mission- in the Philippines will readily be seen. aries. If any reader of these pages Whether the present Congress will desires further evidence, let him write take action is unknown at this writing, to the American Ambassador or Min- but it is undoubtedly true that the ister to any country that he has in movement for independence is receiv- mind. It is of course true that the ing powerful support. A. J. B. presence of any Americans in a for- Do Missionaries Make Trouble eign country sometimes occasions for Their Governments? problems, but on the testimony of Recent events in China have revived many government officials, missionthe old criticism that missionaries make trouble for their governments aries have caused fewer and less seriand demand the protection of gunboats. The fact is that the gunboats ous troubles than other resident Amerwere sent by government officials on their own initiative for the rescue of icans. The Hon. John Barrett, former their nationals as American citizens, American Minister to Siam, said that a hundred and fifty missionaries gave him less trouble in five years than fif- teen business men gave him in five months. A. J. B.

~~ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions BRINGING STUDENTS UP-TO- the culture of the old Indians. The DATE ON AMERICAN INDIANS second period makes inquiry concern- By MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN ing the life and present problems of Indian students, their vocational needs Director, Religious Work for Indian and future place in society. The last Schools period is given to findings and discus- A new interest is awakening in the sion of what may be done by those present-day problems of the American wishing a deeper fellowship with In- Indians. During the last year an un- dian youth. usual amount of information and misinformation about them has crept into Since there is little available matemagazines and newspapers, and people rial regarding the latest developments are asking new questions. For ex- in the Indian situation-some inforample, "What really are the Indians mation is quoted in order to stimulate like today? Are the Indians standing investigation. A bibliography is also still during these days of rapid given. The material should be gone changes? Or are they, too, facing a over with the group in advance letting new and different world ?"-Indian individuals choose topics to investigate and to bring back for discussion.

students are asking questions, too. "How can the white people understand FIRST PERIOD us more? How can we be more broth- Why a.n Indian Problem1 erly and sisterly with white people?" Begin by asking each individual to they inquire. write the first five or six words which The following suggestions for use come to her mind at the mention of the with college and young people's groups word "Indian." Have these put on the are made in order to bring about an blackboard. Such words as scalps, understanding of the difficulties Indian massacres, paint, feathers, wigwams, girls of today are facing, and to pro- solemn, dirty, lazy are generally on the mote a neighborly spirit toward them. list. Throughout the study keep these So much has been written about "the in front of the class for reference, test- Indian problem" that white students ing constantly as to accuracy. Any consider it trite and are generally in- one of them will serve to introduce a different to it. Yet today a new and discussion of the treatment received by thrilling chapter is being written in the Indians at the hands of our early the history of the race-something no settlers. The leader may call upon in- student can afford to miss! !-for con- dividuals to present the following ditions have changed almost overnight. points of view.

The discussion method is used in 1. "The official seal of the State of this study which aims to provide ma- Florida pictures the Indian standing terial for at least three group meet- on the beach with outstretched hands ings. The first period aims to test the inviting the whites to share the land attitudes of the group, to recall the with him." (Red Man in the United early life of the race and to touch on States.) 207

"This country was ours before it SECOND PERIOD was yours" replied one Indian student In tile Wllite Ma.llS' Land when mlked why so many Indians volunteered during the World War. (Lake "For 2,000 years your ancestors have Mohonk conference.) been gradually building this world of today. In one generation the Indian "The complaint came not because of girl is plunged suddenly into this bedislike between white and red but be- wildering new world." (Indian pamcause the red man wished land for buf- phlet-Y. W. C. A.) falo ranges and hunting grounds. The Is the Indian girl getting the same white man desired farms and pasture chance at education that you are? for his cows." (Lake Mohonk confer- "Thirty thousand Indian boys and ence.) girls silently and wonderingly have left Imagine arguments in this contro- their mountain and desert homes and versy which wouLd be presented by In- traveled far to the big boarding schools dians and whites if bringing the case of the white man. School life is com- today, before the World Court. (The plex and puzzling after the simple entire period may be used for this if reservation life. They are bewildered taken seriously.) by the close companionship with hun- 2. "The belief became general in the dreds of other Indian girls and boys, early days that the solution of the the regularity and punctuality of habproblem arising 'between the white and its, new clothing, different food, a red races lay in keeping them as far strange language, unfamiliar tasks in the school, kitchen, dining room, printapart as possible." (Red Man in the ing shop, or laundry." (After School United States.) -What?-Council of Women for Home Missions, Home Missions Coun- "In order to keep the Indians docile cil.) and peaceable, clothing, food, and other necessities of life were doled out by List five changes that going away the government." (Red Man in the to school brought into your life. Do United States.) the same for the Indian girl attending a government boarding school. Do the segregation and ration policies referred to above help account for Consider the following questions any of your ideas about the Indians, asked by Indian students in boarding such as "[azy" or "dirty"? (see black- schools.

board) "How can we have good times with "Every man is as lazy as he dare to boys and still be doing the right be." (Lake Mohonk Conference.) thing?"-"Does God help anyone when Do you do more work than is neces- he prays for help?"-"What would sary "to get by" in your classes-in you do if you went to church and you your work? would not be thinking about church but had your mind on something else?" 3. "Some Indians proud of their -"What does the Bible mean, does it race and culture have no desire to be help anyone or not?"-"How can we as the white man is." (Red Man in make ourselves so that wherever we the United States.) By way of con- go we can get along with other people trast-"Whether they wish it or not especially in school?" Indian young people are losing their sense of tribal life and are becoming How do these differ from questions a real part of the city and town com- you discuss with your school friends? munities." (Social Heritage of the In- "After schooI-what-the old or the new? Back to the known, the tepee or dian Girl.) hogan, dancing ceremonies, idly sit- If you were an Indian student would ting around day by day? Or on to the you wish to give up the culture of your untried; to neat, attractive homes; to race and become like the white man? regular work for which one is trained;

19301 METHODS FOR WORKERS

to responsible and dependable citizen- such as will help the Indians to help ship and the chance of worshipping a themselves 7 God of love?" (After School-What?) List 4 or 5 ways that the Christian "Can an Indian [J1"Q.dnate earn a liv- Church has expressed it.s fellowship ing among white peuple?" a8kcd 01lB for this race.

boy. Should Indian students ret urn to the "An Indian girl serving efficiently reservations after school or go into as a stenographer failed to appear at towns and cities mingling with the the office one morning. She sent no whites? word. It was discovered that she went home because her grandmother was ill. How should Indian students fit "But why," asked her white friend, themselves for the life you suggest?

"did you not tell your employer?" How Your Students Can Help "Why should 17" puzzled the Indian girl. "I knew my grandmother first. List ways in which interested white She is dearer to me than he." students may help. The following are suggestive only. Would you employ an Indian in your home, hospital, office or school? "In- Get acquainted with Indian students dian boys and girls are flocking into whether on your campus or through towns and cities. Often their back- correspondence. Find out about Inground and experience do not produce dians in your town or city-conditions as skilled workers as found in their of living, work, church attendance. white brothers. If they find work it (Send data to Miss Helen Brickman, is with salary so low as scarcely to 105 East 22d Street, New York City.) sustain life. They can live only in the most squalid parts of the city. Interest other groups in the study you have just made.

There is no opportunity for healthy Find out about the Indian work of recreation and separated from fam- your Mission Board, Y. W. C. A., in- ili€s and friends they have no social terdenominational work in government ties to hold them steady. Many are boarding schools.

members of churches but an innate Help through financial gifts. They reticence keeps them from introducing are greatly needed.

themselves to white churches. Being (Suggestions and information may naturally religious this lack.of church be obtained from the Council of Womlife brings about an undermining of en for Home Missions and Home Mischaracter with all its resultant unso- sions Council, 105 East 22nd Street, cial behavior." New York City.) List aU the ways in which white students might help the Indians in ad- Useful Books justing to these new conditions. The Red Man in the United States.

THIRD PERIOD -G. E. E. Lindquist-Doubleday Do- ran & Co., Garden City, N. Y.-An in- What Has Been Done timate study of the social, economic Use blackboard to list your findings. and religious life of the American In- The leader may begin by writing New dian.

Information and Ideas gained about The Problem of Indian Administra- the Indians. Questions such as the tion.-Institute for Government Re- following will sharpen the discussion. search, Washington, D. C.-The report What have you learned about the of a recent survey containing the most early problems of the Indians that up-to-date and exhaustive material obmakes you more sympathetic with their tainable. (See pamphlets.) present situation? Good News Across the Continent.- Is the present educational program Mary Jenness-Friendship Press, New 4

York City-Leader's Manual for Pio- HOW SOME PASTORS DID IT* neers of Goodwill, by Harold Hunting; has a chapter on the American Indiall, (A SYMPOSIUM) listing sources and projects. So has Meet Your United States, by Mary Conducting n. Church School of Jenness, a leader's manual for a course in home missions. Missions The American Indian.-Paul Radin, By REV. R. E. EMMERT Boni & Liveright, New York, N. Y. Pastor, Elkhart Chri8tian Church Book of Indian Crafts and Indian Lore.-Julian H. Salomon-Harper & Nothing is more pertinent to the Bros., New York City. promotion of righteousness in the world than the missionary enterprise The Indians' Book.-Natalie Curtis of the church. The church has done a -Harper & Bros., New York City.- mighty work in saving men and women An offering by American Indians of by the outreach of the missionary in- Indian Lore, musical and narrative. terest. A greater work is yet to be ac- complished, and more church folk must Story of the Red Man.-Mrs. Flora be definitely interested in the study of Warren Seymour-Longmans, Green missions. The best way to interest & Co., New York City. A very read- more church folk in the mission cause able book which has a wealth of gen- is to have a church school of missions. eral information. One of the major reasons why some church people are not supporting mis- Pamphlets sions is because they are uninformed relative to the importance of missions Write to the Department of Interior, in the life of the church. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C., for Government Bulletins. The In conducting a school of this kind, following are helpful. the following plan may be followed with profit: The Social Heritage of the Indian Girl. First, a worship period. The open- ing exercises, to be of any permanent A Bibliography of Indian Stories for value to those taking the course of Young People, Bulletin 1929, No. 13. study, must be distinctly devotional and missionary in spirit. From twen- Education of the Indians, Bulletin ty to thirty minutes should be given to No.9. this part of the service. This part of the program must be adaptable to the Indian Missions of the United States, various ages in school. The responsi- Bulletin 1928, No.8. bility of conducting the devotional service can be carried on by different Indian Home Life~The Past-The members of the school. Present, Bulletin 1927, No. 22. Second, a period of instruction. Fol- Indian Art and Industries, Bulletin lowing the worship period the school 1927, No.4. should assemble in different classes for instruction. These classes are The Problem of Indian Administra- formed according to the ages of those tion-Institute for Government Re- taking the course. Those who are search-Washington, D. C.-Summary chosen to teach must be definitely inof findings and recommendations. terested in missions, and a compre- hensive view of the subject is no small Nineteen Hundred Twenty-nine Re- part of their preparation. Specific and port of Lake Mohonk Conference.- definite preparation is also essential Mr. Henry G. Miner, Lake Mohonk, to good teaching of the mission N. Y. Publications of Indian Depart- thought. 'Fully thirty minutes should ment-National Board, Y. W. C. A.- be given to the study of missions. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. *From the Herald of Gospel I.iherty. Indian material-Council of Women for Home Missions-Home Missions Council.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

'I'HIS SPLENDID DISPLAY WAS PREPAHJiJD BY RF.V. H. S. HAHDCASTLE, PASTOR 'J'IlE SUFFOLK, VA., CHRISTIAN CHUllCH, AND WAS USED EXTENSIVELY DOllING THE :-JISHIOXARY EDUCATIONAL PEHIOD Third, a closing period. In the clos- The Missionary Education Movement, ing exercise the different classes reas- the Council of Women for Home Missemble for the closing part of the pro- sions, and the Central Committee on gram. This part of the program can the United Study of Foreign Missions be made very impressive by emphasiz- have prepared these studies in both ing each time the importance of the home and foreign work and adapted course in the life of the church and them to the different grades. the value of a broader vision of the mission cause. It might be that some one would ask, "How could you get started in this Elkh.art, Indiana, work with opposition against missions and more especiaUy against dropping A Plan for Mission Study the regular lessons of the Sunday- school period?" In answer to this, I By REV. H, H. SHORT wish to say that you will almost have to have a working staff of teachers and Pastor, Hagerstown Christian Church offkers meeting regularly in council whose business it has been, and will We believe that everything that is continue to be, to decide on all matters to be studied in a way to make it pos- pertaining to the work of the school. sible for every person who should be A pastor or superintendent who is ininterested to know of the matter, terested in missions can then easily should be presented in the church's get things done if he can convince the department of education. group that the matter in mind is alto- gether worth while, Missions is a subject of interest to aU Christians, and those who are pre- In this matter of mission study I paring for Christian living should be know whereof I speak. In our local instructed in the work of missions. church we have been conducting a mis-, With this thought in mind, we would sion school for the past five year.s, seek to have missions taught in the Many questions were raised; amopg . Sunday-school. Lesson material is others, the matter of attendance.dur-. now prepared for every grade of pupil from the primary to the adult classes,

ing such a six-weeks' period. With but a music leader and pianist. Stress the one exception our attendance has been fine opportunity for detinite Christian better during the mission study period service involved in every task, and than during any other Rix weeks' peri- don't take no fo), an answed The folkR od of the year. are willing to serve when they think the work worth while. Plan the school The kind of place of meeting will with sessions of just one hour, for six have something to do with the plan- mid-week services during the home ning of the work. Our first mission and foreign mission periods of your study was put on in a two-room build- church program. Begin announcing ing. In this case, instead of having the mission school and making perthe regular classes, we divided the sonal solicitation for enrollments three work as follows; Two classes in the weeks before the school opens. main auditorium-young people and adults, and the primary and juniors in Be prepared! Be prompt! Be peppy! one group in the other room. The lat- And the job is done. ter group received its mission instruction during the story period and in "There is no excellence without story form, using picture stories in great labor." some cases. In the young people's and adult cass~s the best teachers for the A school of missions is worth all it lecture method of teaching were se- costs and more. Try it and see! I lected as teachers with permission to speak from the happy experience of call any help for the presentation of the past six years in small churches. any phase of the work. This plan in all cases worked out splendidly. South S%n, Ohio.

Hager,~town, Indiana. How I Conduct Missionary Training How I Conduct a Mission School in a Rural Church By REV. D. G. PLEASANT By REV. J. T. BROOKS Pastor, South Solon Christian Church Pastor, Bethel Christian ChUl'ch Squeers said; "The best way to There may be differences of opinion learn a word is to do it." The best way as to how to conduct a mission school. to conduct a mission school is to con- A mission school to me and my church duct it. Every going church can have a is the one conducted that brings remission school if it wants it. The best sults. plans and methods must be adapted to local church and community situations. In the first place, a missionary spirit No better plans have been suggested must be created; and second, that than those of our own Mission Depart- spirit must be maintained throughout ment. Take the mission education the year if results are to be had. leaders of your church into your confidence and sell your plan to them. Of course, there must be a plan and Counsel with them in the selection of that plan must be the plan that will textbooks and other needed literature work and bring results. Different for at least three classes-children, plans may work in different places. young people, and adult. In confer- Some churches put on a six-weeks' proence with your leaders, carefully select gram each year. Assemble for eats your three best people for teachers- and a half-hour social, then assemble consecrated public school-teachers pre- for class work. This is mighty fine if ferred-and furnish each with a sub- it works in your community and restitute teacher; select a good, live sults follow; but if this is not followed executive for director, one of your up with a continuous program throughyoung people for general secretary, out the year, you haven't accomplished very much. The period is too short.

To accomplish a purpose we must be continually at it. First, every church should have a living missionary society with a competent leader for president,

carrying out the prepared program Solo-"I Know Whom I Have Beeach month. This Bethel has. Second, lieved." we have two mission cIasses,-a primary and a junior. Each class meets every Anxiety. two weeks, making a class every Sun- I say unto you, that likewise JOY day. These classes are taught by a deeply spiritual missionary teacher, shall be in heaven over one sinner one that sincerely believes in missions. that repenteth, more than over nine- These classes meet during the church ty and nine just persons which need hour. Third, six weeks before the gen- no repentance. Luke 15: 7. eral offering for home and foreign missions we put on a ten- to fifteen- Song-"Rescue the Perishing, minute program just before the church Care for the Dying." service. Literature is furnished by the home and foreign secretaries. These Gladness programs are very interesting. These things I have spoken unto These have been our plans for sev- you, that my joy might remain in eral years. They have grown into us you, and that your joy might be full. and we have grown into them; they John 15: 11. have become a habit. Song-"Come Ye That Love the Farmer City, Illinois. Lord."

MUSIC METHODS Enthusiasm And he said unto them, "Go ye T/I18 won find pl"iZ(' at th(; Chrlttt(luqun llll-ltittttj~ of Poreign JliJ-o;iQlls, 192n, into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature." Mark 16: Courage 15.

AN ACROSTIC Song-"Speed Away! Speed Away!" By MRS. S. M. HAZLETT, Tarentum, Pa. Pmyer.- Come, dear Christ, and teach us, Christ Overcome our night; Unite us in endeavor to And Simon Peter answered and Right the world with "Light." said, "Thou art the Christ, the Son Anxious are we to serve Thee of the living God." Matt. 16: 16. Gladness would we bring Enthuse us with Thy Spirit and Song–"My Hope Is Built on Courage from our King. Nothing Less." -Amen. Overcoming YOUTH IN SCRIPTURE AND SONG Be not overcome of evil, but over- come evil with good. Romans 12: By MRS. HOWARD ROGERS 21. 1'hi.'f 1f"On (l. prize at the Chautauqua Institute Song-"Yield Not to Temptation." of Porcion :jJ{i881on8~ 1929.

Union Promise of Vision And they went forth, and preached And it shall come to pass afterward, everywhere, the Lord working with that I will pour out my spirit upon all them, and confirming the word with flesh; and your sons and daughters signs following. Mark 16: 20. shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall Song-"Blest Be the Tie That see visions. Joel 2: 28. Binds." "Open Mine Eyes That I May See." Righteousness Prepal"ation for Life But seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness; and all The Cross. And Jesus said unto these things shall be added unto you. him, (the rich young ruler) If thou Matt. 6: 33.

wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou Salvation, From a child thou hast hast, and give to the poor, and thou known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation shalt have treasure in heaven : and through faith which is in Christ Jesus. come and follow me. Mat. 19: 21. 2 Tim. 3: 15.

"Must Jesus bear the cross alone?" "My Faith looks up to Thee." Consecration. My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my What might be the result if Chris- tians were to begin now in preparation ways. Provo 23: 26. for next year to place the Christ in the "0 Master, let me walk with Thee." Concentration. "(My son,) study to center of the heart of our children as the author of their Christmas gifts? show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be IBelieve Ii or Not _111' lUPl.l~Y ) ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth." 2 Tim. 2: 15.

"Awake my soul, stretch every nerve."

Pursuit of the Christian Life (The Ol'igilJtll uf SUlltll 1~lau8) LI:-; THE l'A'I'HO:" :-;01:"' 1' Four-fold De1Jelopment. And Jesus 0]" 'I'll lEVI,;; increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man. Luke 2: (Read carefully, prayerfully, the word- 52. ing under the picture. I have verified its statement). "Take my life and let it be consecrated." Especially should missionaries con- sider this suggestion. I have talked Conflict. This charge I commit with a number of Nationals and find unto thee, son Timothy, . . . that thou their judgment conforms to the sugmightest war a good warfare; hold- gestion. ing faith, and a good conscience. 1 Tim. 1: 18, 19. Will you kindly write me your re- action? Thank you. "The Son of God goes forth to war." Self Control. Young men likewise THE WINDS OF LIFE exhort to be sober minded, In all things shewing thyself a pattern of "One ship sails East and one sails l!"ood works: in doctrine shewing un- West eorruptness, gravity, sincerity, sound speech, that cannot be condemned. By the selfsame wind that blcws, Titus 2: 6-8. It's the set of the sail and not the "Dear Lord and Master of us aIL" The Challenge. Let no man despise gale thy youth; but be thou an example of That determines the way it goes. the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith , in purity. "Like the winds of the sea are the 1 Tim. 4: 12. ways of fate "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult." A~ we journey on through life, Pal,ticipation in Life It's the set of the soul that deter- J01). Rejoice, 0 young man, in thy mines the goal youth; and let thy heart cheer thee in And not the stress nor the strife." the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 11: 9.

"Rejoice, ye pure in heart." Confidence in Life. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 12: 1. "This is my Father's world."

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York STORY OF ANNUAL MEETING most significant of the three. He Federation of Women's Boards of pleaded for an increased interest in the work of these Latin American Foreign Missions neighbors, toward whom the churches have such a great and as yet scarcely By FLORENCE E. SMITH The essential unity of the Christian recognized responsibility.

task and of the people who are work- Miss Sarah S. Lyon outlined the ing at it, both in America and in for- changes which the Y. W. C. A. has eign lands, was once more ably demon- found in its world service between strated by the meeting in Atlantic Stockholm in 1914 and Budapest in City, January 11-14, of the Federa- 1929, due to the forces released by the tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign World War-hate, force, materialism Missions of North America. A dis- and social anarchy. When, in 1920, a tinguished group of 175 women, repre- meeting was attempted in Switzerland, senting 44 boards and societies in the it was found impossible to think United States, Canada, and many longer in terms of groups related to fields of foreign service, met in The an alma mater; whole areas had to be Breakers Hotel. Its walls were hung included in our thinking. Representa- with flags of different lands, and the tives from Germany and France met international and interdenominational at that time, and it was spiritual character of the group was accentuated power that held the group together. by the program of the ensuing days. At Budapest in 1929, three major de- The Program Committee was happy cisions were reached: (a) To estab- in its selection of three young women lish headquarters for the World's to direct the periods of worship at the Association in Geneva; (b) to make beginning of each session. These were a study of industrial relations and Miss Eleanor White and Miss Alma world economics; (c) to study the re- Adams of New York, and Miss Sarah ligious situation and setting for the Molloy of Philadelphia. They made Association in each country.

each service a spiritual treat, Miss Miss Henrietta Roelofs, vice-chair- White giving trained leadership to the man of the National Committee on the singing, with Miss Molloy at the piano, Cause and Cure of War, gave a thrill- and Miss Adams reading carefully ing account of the meeting of the 1n- chosen selections. "Worship Through stitute on Pacific Relations in Kyoto.

Music" was the devotional theme. All delegates were from sovereign The first evening Dr. Daniel J. countries but two -Korea and the Fleming outlined the trends and sig- Philippines, which have no vote, but nificance of the meeting of the evan- can participate in discussions. Six gelicals in the thirteen countries of years ago this Conference discussed the Caribbean area at Havana in June, the Exclusion Act, and two years later, 1929. He stressed its Latin leadership relationships between Great Britain and the proposed Federation of and China. At this conference there Churches not only of that area but of were four major problems: (1) The all Latin America. Forty of the 199 impact of the machine age on tradi- delegates to Havana were women. tional cultures; (2) Manchuria; (3) This was the third of the Latin Amer- extraterritoriality; (4) diplomatic reican Conferences, beginning with lations in the Pacific area.

Panama in 1916, continuing in Monte- At the beginning, Miss Roelofs said, video in 1925, and in Havana in 1929. suspicitm and hostility were in the air. Dr. Fleming found the last by far the So the discussion began with the ques- 215

tion, "What is religion 7" This was beloved spiritual guide, led the medi- sufficiently objective and impersonal to tation, using as her theme, "The Chal- be discussed without animus, and after lenge of Love." She quoted a scientist four days the Institute could get as having said that man in relation to around to Manchuria and similar deli- the immensity of the universe is an cate subjects. The early speeches, insect too insignificant to be seen by a necessarily prepared at horne, were powerful glass. Love is the one ca- laden with national feeling and claims pacity that the insect, man, has for for rights; but later milder counsels transcending itself. Love is not a prevailed. Soon China and Japan were sentiment, but a force, the greatest discussing their different viewpoints force in the world. Jesus is the per- and possible solutions for problems in fection of self-forgetting love. Miss a wholly amicable spirit. They moved Conde said there never was a time on from a statement of rights to find when the youth of the world were so a procedure which would solve the dispairing about the meaning of life.

problem. It was a marvelous example It is because they have not yet learned of the type of conference which is how to use the law of love; they have needed today. In the past, the main not seen it in the lives of their older instrument of national policy has been guides.

armed force, but now it is corning to The service Sunday evening brought be the conference table. world opportunities and needs to our To many it might sound strange to door. Three missionaries spoke on speak of a Sunday in Atlantic City as "The Spiritual Implications of Our holy, but no other adjective will apply Task" – Miss Florence E. Smith, of to the Sabbath during this Conference. Santiago, Chile; Miss Alice Appen- The Spirit of God was manifestly zeller, of Seoul, Korea, and Mrs. Elgin present. Dr. Henry P. Van Dusen, of Sherk, of Teheran, Persia. Miss New York, led a profound and search- Smith traced the beginnings of evaning discussion of "The Practice of gelical work in Chile through the ef- Worship"-what worship is, what it forts of that beloved missionary statesdoes, what it requires of the ordinary man, David Trumbull, and its subse- Christian. He defined worship as the quent growth and influence in the expression of our deepest faith and as country, in challenging even the State a discovery. "Worship is always path- Church to more liberal interpretations finding into new fields." Worship of religion. Miss Appenzeller told of stimulates thinking. We need to re- the faith and zeal of the early Chrisclaim the world of thought and re- tians in Korea and of her work among deem and discipline it in religion. The their daughters and granddaughters in objective of worship, he said, is iden- Ewha College at Seoul. Mrs. Sherk tical with the objectives of religion, indicated some of the spiritual imviz., fullness of life with God for the plications of the task which are comindividual and for all mankind. mon to us all, givi ng many telling il- Growth in the life of God for all man- lustrations from the horne life of kind is what we mean by the Kingdom Persian women.

of God. Religion concerns the whole The Sunday meeting concluded with of life. The great test of worship is, an impressive service led by Miss Mar- do I corne forth from my experience of garet Burton in memory of four personal worship or of my service of leaders who have entered into Life the cooperative worship with a fuller and past year: Miss Jennie Lois Ellis, of freer life? Philadelphia; Mrs. Luke Johnson, of An open forum followed this ad- Nashville; Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, dress, but space forbids detailing the of New York, and Mrs. D. Everett questions put to Dr. Van Dusen. Waid, of New York.

At four o'clock a Worship 'Service Reports are apt to be taken as a was held. Miss Bertha Conde, well- matter of dry routine, but the reports

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

of the different committees of the Fed- of the task; b. missions as one of the eration were faseinating, showing, as great factors in internati~na} rehltionthey did, the breadth and scope of the fsuhriplso·~gch. the message of mlSSlOnanes on Federation's interests and activities. to be one which takes into ac- count the viewpoint of youth; d: the a~­ vantage of presenting other natIOnals III Miss Gertrude Schultz, chairman of this country to young people's groups; the Central Committee, reported for e. programs of missionary societies to be the Committee on United Study of more carefully prepared, with a view to Foreign Missions that an edition of interesting young people.

80,000 copies of "From Jerusalem to Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich spoke on Jerusalem" had been exhausted and the activities of the Committee on another of 10,000 is coming from the World Friendship for Children. Since press. She described the new study sending the 30,000 friendship school books for women and children for bags to Mexico last year, a Committee 1930-31, and displayed the first copies. on World Friendship has been formed in 21 of Mexico's 28 states. A course Some of the activities of the Com- in World Friendship is now included mittee on International Relations, of in the curriculum of primary schools which Mrs. Silverthorn is chairman, there. The school children of Mexico relate to motion pictures as shown are preparing to return the compli- ment by sending 48 exhibits of the paabrrtoiacdi~atsieocnu roi nf gt hsei gUnna ti tuerde sS tfaotre s t hi ne arts and industrie~ of Mexico, one for each state in the U. S. A. The Comthe World Court, and forming right mittee is now preparing a gift for the social relations. Its work is closely children of the Philippines which will related to another Committee on Mis- take the form of a Treasure Chest. sions and Government under the lead- Emphasis was laid on suitable books ership of Mrs. Darby, which has to do as one of the gifts in this chest. with negotiations with governments, questions relating to immigration, A letter from Mrs. Henry W. Peaextraterritoriality in China, and sim- body was read by Miss Schultz, outilar matters. lining the future of the World Fellow- ship of Christian Women. In attendance at the meeting of the Federation there were representative Miss Margaret Wrong, Secretary of young women who are in touch with the International Bureau of Literastudent groups. The President asked ture, spoke on "What Shall Africa them to meet together and formulate Read 7" There are 1,000 languages things which they would like to have and dialects in use south of the presented to the entire group. As a Arabic-speaking part of Africa. Corpart of the consideration of missionary rupt literature in French and English preparation and student work, thIs is finding its way into that country. group was asked to present some reasons why enlistment in foreign serv- Mrs. Hough spoke on the observance ice has of late declined. Some of the of the World Day of Prayer, March 7, reasons enumerated were: as a means of family fellowship al 1. Uncertainty, in view of changing over the world. conditions, whether a life work as for- Renewed emphasis was placed on the merly can be pledged. 2. Greater educational requirements. Students often can- study books and schools of missions, not or do not wish to spend so much time the World Day of Prayer, the imin preparation as is required. 3. The portance of including young women in need of a new type of missionary, not to all missionary groups and committees, work for a people but with them. 4. more Christian literature for women Change in the Christian philosophy. of and children in foreign lands, inlife. Serious doubt even as to the eXIst- ence of God. 5. Inadequate idea of what creased use of THE MISSIONARY REa missionary is. VIEW OF THE WORLD, special prayer for The group stressed: the women of Russia, and the vital a. The attractive presentation of mis- importance of an adequate observance sions, emphasizing the large implications of this anniversary of Pentecost. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions LOOAL AOTIVITIES Unions, etc., consequently it was not a missionary federation that resulted, In ln2~. three issues of the Bulletin re- but a federation with an inclusive counted activities of local "romen's interde· program. Nevertheless this federa- JlolllillUtioJlul grnnns: :Iuy told of the Cartha~e~ tion had a strong missionary depart- TWuniH. ~l'nlln formf'« in lS~O: .Tunf'. of St. ment, consisting of the strongest Louis, formed in 1897; October, of Stockton, available member of each denomina- California, organized in 1~96. We are happy tion, with a chairman in charge of the briefly to present in this issue ::wtivities of several other groups and 1a ter news of Stockton.

Forty Years in Des Moines Our Des Moines Interdenomina- whole. Until this federation was tional Missionary Council was organ- formed there' had been no permanently ized in 1889. Mrs. A. L. Fi"isbie, a organized group to conduct the Day of Congregational pastor's wife, felt that Prayer for Missions. Such gatherings the missionary women in the various for prayer have been held in each of churches of our city would enthuse the twenty-three years of the federaeach other to greater activity if they tion's existence. A Missionary Instiwould meet together occasionally in tute has also been held each year of prayer and service. the twenty-three. At the time that Bostonians were enjoying "The World For the last fifteen years we have in Boston" I remember most vividly had an Extension Conference, a fall arranging and carrying through an school of missions that lasts one week excursion from Providence when 800, with an outside paid speaker. One women were brought here to see the home and one foreign interdenomina- exposition and pageant. And then the tional book is studied. The expense "Orient in Providence" was held, and is met by voluntary gifts of the va- our committee had charge of the litrious churches that belong. We have erature table. no fixed membership fee. Our World Day of Prayer meeting is always very In the Jubilee of 1910 our committee well attended and serves as an inspira- was of great assistance to the Comtion to all the women. mittee of 100 because we had all the facts that they would have had to dis- We belong to our City Federation of Women's Clubs and so have many cover. We had the directory of mis- civic and educational contacts. Some sionary presidents in all the churches, of our women are working in the the facts as to number and names of citizenship schools. denominations, the geographical di- We celebrated our 40th Anniversary visions of the city and the churches by putting on an historical pageant. listed therein. This is a cold, bare MRS. A. J. PALAS. outline but you, who know missionary In New England Since 1906 work, can fill in the women touched and interested, the volume of prayer The Providence Federation of Wom- that has ascended through the years, en's Church Societies, now the Rhode and the quickening knowledge that has Island Federation, was formed in 1906 been disseminated. Strong churches because of a social need which could learned also to bear the burdens of the only be met by the united effort of an weak, for where there were no leaders interdenominational group of church for study classes in weaker churches women. Because it was a social need leaders were supplied by stronger the presidents called together were churches. There has been no salaried presidents of Ladies' Aids, Social worker and no budget. Willing hearts, 218 enthusiasm for the movement, and for two days with a fine pageant on faith in Jesus, the leader, were what the evening of each day. It was a very enabled the work to go on. great success.

Somerville, Massachusetts, formed a Time fails me to tell of Lynn with similar federation in 1915 because re- its forty churches, and Portland with sults in Providence made us feel that its twenty-five, and all the rest. The no community could afford to be with- two accounts given in something of out the benefit of such united effort. detail must suffice as a picture of the We have had various well-known whole, where more or less the same is leaders for our Missionary Institutes. done. One year we had a monthly study conducted by our own women. One year We have to date fourteen Federawe had evening meetings for young tions of Women's Church Societies women. We have given five pageants here in New England. to large audiences in a large hall, raised the money for the land on which (MRS. E. TALMADGE ROOT) our Italian Mission Church is built, GEORGIANA M. ROOT. gave a church warming party which furnished kitchen and pastor's study, Omaha, Nebraska. and for many years have largely supported the Daily Vacation Bible School. Our Women's Church and Mission- One hundred and seven were enrolled ary Federation of Omaha grew out of in this school last summer. This year, a Missionary Jubilee Convention held as each year, We are planning for a here in October, 1910. The object of Conference of our· missionary presi- forming this organization was to dents to talk over a training course quicken missionary projects in Chrisfor Sunday-school missionary chair- tian education and have a closer comen. operation between the evangelical, Protestant churches of the city. The Over thirty dolls were sent to Japan, program carried on for the first few and given a farewell reception to years was to have missionary speakers which the children givers were invited. and a little later a mission studycIass This was really a children's missionary during the summer. In late years we meeting as we had a fine program, have had a summer Vacation Bible then the dolls were displayed for a school, helping a mission in East week in the Public Library where Omaha in the poorer section of the everyone got a message. Some sixty city. This has been most helpful and Mexican bags were sent, and a meeting a most worthwhile undertaking for us. was held which was addressed by Mrs. Emrich. Again you must read be- Two years ago there seemed to be tween the lines and feel the warmth a great demand for a social welfare of love and effort. worker, so with the cooperation of the Council of Churches we together pay When Mrs. Peabody was raising the for and sponsor a social welfare money for the Union Christian Col- worker, who does some office work and leges of the Orient, and was fearful attends juvenile court cases in our bethat Massachusetts might fall below half. These court cases are followed its quota, our Federation had a whirl- up and given all possible help within wind campaign and raised $500 in a our means and jurisdiction. The first week, after most of the churches had year we had a worker trained in this given denominationally. particular line. There is not a doubt in our minds but that it is the greatest We had Miss Laura Parker in many undertaking the Federation has ever of our Federations to give her illus- done, and seeing and knowing the trated talk on Migrant Work. great need of it we hope this good work will go on and prosper, be en- Worcester, our largest Federation larged and well nourished by the Fednumbering seventy-four churches, gave eration membership. recently "The World in Worcester" The budget for the welfare worker

is raised by apportionment according which is next door. This last building to membership. It was cut this year is called our "Good Will Industrial to barely cover the year's work, to Department." Have cobbling done lighten the load for the churches, but there, also have a room fixed up with we do not know as yet whether that used clothing, furniture, etc., which is was a wise move for us. Dues in the sold when we can, and given away Federation are $1.00 per organization. when necessary. We installed two showers this summer. We have three (MRS. R. H.) SARAH I. FAIR. very good buildings; enough lot left for another building. Our dreams are Springfield, Ohio to tear down the Sunday-school build- ing and build a large substantial build- In 1914, Mrs. C. C. Jones, of our ing; the lot is right next to it. The city, started a night school for foreign work is growing and we are so proud people, teaching reading, writing, sew- of all the activities. ing, Bible. In the first sewing class there was only one woman. All as- (MRS.) ANNA K. DUCKWALL. sistance was gratuitous. At that time we had in our city a Union Interde- Filipino Center in Stockton nominational Federation of Mission Study (later called Union Missionary About six years ago the wife of one Society). This organization saw a fu- of the prominent doctors in Stockton, ture of mahy opportunities in this California, caught the vision of doing night school of Mrs. Jones and asked some work among the 8,000 Filipinos her to start a settlement work which in and around Stockton. The resulting they would help sponsor and enlarge. Center has been greatly blessed in the So in January, 1916, the Union Settle- number of leaders it has trained. An ment Work was organized. The meet- ordained Filipino worker, converted in ings or classes were held in a room this Center, is now giving much of his downtown. As the classes increased, time to the work. Two Filipino boys, larger quarters were necessary. An graduates of the local high school, conold residence was purchased on faith verted in the Center, have entered colwith borrowed money and was ar- lege, one at Ashbury College, Kenranged to accommodate the growing tucky, the other in Pasadena, Caliclasses. As soon as this building was fornia. while a third boy. also conpaid for, another building close by on verted in the Center, is at school at the same lot was available at a very San Diego. modest cost. It was a saloon and when prohibition came in, this saloon had to Then there is Mary Area, a Filipino close, so we got the building very girl, who graduated from the local cheap. Had to borrow that money, too. high school in February, and who won The saloon was transformed into a first place in the public speaking conbeautiful Sunday-school room. After test recently held in the high school. acquiring the two buildings, we were She caught her inspiration in the incorporated in March, 1922. Center and hopes, after training, to go back to help her people in the Islands. Our budget is raised with the aid of the Community Fund, churches con- The women of Stockton are also tributing stated sums, other organiza- helping financially and by personal tions, patronesses and associate mem- service in the local Mexican, Japanese bers. About a year and half ago, after and Chinese work. These activities our debts were paid on the other two are not carried on through the women's buildings, we were fortunate enough organized groups, but are largely supto have the opportunity to buy the twin building of our first building ported by the same women. * * ""(-' nr~ iIHlt'htf'Q to lfjss Enunn C. Neu- miller, of Stocl.;:ton, for these facts.

prayer, the study of the Word, and

up-building of Christian life. Nearly Sudan Interior Mission 2,000 assembled at Cholo, while similar, though smaller, conventions were held SINCE 1900 there has been steady at Nkhate and Likubula. expansion in the Sudan Interior Mission, organized in 1898 by Rowland (2) The Bible is exalted among the Bingham, an Englishman. There are native Christians. They love it, and now 132 missionaries in active service. make much of it, both in their worship Over fifty native churches, all self-sup- and in their homes. A well-known misporting, are in existence. Thousands sionary-traveler, when visiting the stathrong these churches and Sunday- tions, remarked upon the place given schools every Lord's Day. Schools have to the Bible; the forest of hands upbeen established in which the Scrip- lifted when a show of Bibles was called tures are the .textbook; among them a for; the fact that even at the dayboarding school for girls, which trains school the children brought their own Christian wives. At most of the sta- New Testaments with them, and that tions there are dispensaries. The hos- the most coveted gift they could repital, first of its kind in Nigeria, gave ceive as a school-prize was a copy of 93,000 treatments last year, and every the Word of God. one coming received the Gospel. Ten languages and dialects have been reduced to writing and the Scriptures Missionary Flight Planned translated into them. The mission's PLANS are under way for the first income in 1926 was about $170,000. missionary air expedition, a flight The contributions of the native Chris- to an almost inaccessible region of tians last year were $3,200, given by Southwestern Africa, to be undertaken men and women whose daily wage is by the Oblate Brotherhood of Cologne, but sixteen cents and ten cents re- Germany. The expedition will be to the pagans of Ovamboland, in South~ spectively.-S. S. Times.

In Nyasaland western Africa, one of the least-known places on the globe. The missionary, TWO leading features in the work who was a German air pilot in the of the Nyasa Mission during the World War, made a promise in his stupast year have been the establishment dent days to Father Otto Fuhrman, a of five native churches with native pas- veteran missionary, that some day he tors and church officers; and the de- would take up the work in Africa, and sire which some of these churches $100,000 has already been subscribed express to send their own missionaries in Europe for the project. It is planinto Portuguese East Africa. Two in- ned to launch the expedition in the stances indicate that blessing has at- early Spring of 1931.-N. Y. Times.

tended the.Mission's work.

I (1) The Annual Native Convention Suppressing Native Languages is the great occasion of the mission F A newly enacted law is enforced, year, when from all the villages native native Christian people of Portu- Christians and their friends travel to guese East Africa will be entirely de- the central stations, many walking 30 prived of the use of the Bible in public miles or more, to spend a week-end in worship.

221

This law of the Portuguese Govern- in Belgium which will supplement the ment prohibits the use of the native present telegraphic communications tongues by the missionary societies in with Congo, and at the same time ill- Mozambique. One article reads as fol- augurate telephone relations with the lows: "In all religious missions, the colony which now can only be carried official language in the religious teach- out via Paris or Berlin. Included in ing, as well as in any other relations the plan is broadcasting for Congo. with the natives, is the Portuguese language." A qUalifying clause al- M. Lippens is also actively negotilows the temporary employment of the ating for the establishment in 1930 of spoken language in religious teaching, the Franco-Belgian air service which while the knowledge of the Portuguese will link Brussels and Paris with language is not general among the na- Congo and Madagascar each week. tives, but the use of any literature in Brussels would then be six days from the native tongue is forbidden. The Leopoldville instead of eighteen or Society has published the Bible in nineteen as at present by steamer. Ronga, and there also exist versions in the Tswa and Tonga languages. EUROPE Missions in Portuguese Colonies Friends of Evangelical Christian Unity FOR some years the missions have T HE annual meeting of this move- been expe'riencing difficulties in the ment was held this year in Bergerac Portuguese colonies both in East and in the Dordogne Valley. The move- West Africa, and the situation has ment was organized in 1920 to bring grown more acute with the pUblication about closer relations between German of new legislation recently in Portu- and French evangelical Christians on guese East Africa. These laws insist a religious basis. The object is to be upon the possession of a certificate of attained by means of conventions and primary education by every native by cooperation in works of Christian preacher or teacher of religion, and love. The annual conventions are held forbid any written use of the native alternately in France and Germany. languages. These appear to the mis- There are· already more than 1,400 sionary societies to be incompatible members. The head of the movement with religious liberty, which, in the is Pastor Jules Rambaud, D.D., of case of the British missons, is guar- Bad Homburg. anteed by treaty. This year's meeting was held in a While the missions cannot but wel- locality of southern France, in which come the interest in the education of the teachings of Luther gained access the natives shown in the new laws on as early as 1520. To this day the porthis subject, they nevertheless believe trait of Luther is hung in the Rethat some of the regulations-such as formed Church of Bergerac. There the insistence upon buildings of stone are seven congregations in the Dorfor every school throughout the terri- dogne Valley that have lived through tory-will tend to defeat their own ob- the times of religious persecutions. ject by closing large numbers of schools. The whole situation is re- This is the seat of the institutions ceiving careful attention. for the "Works of Christian Love" that were started by Pastor Jean Congo Brought Nearer Boss and the first of which was a home for orphaned and morally imperilled M MAURICE LIPPENS, honorary girls. In the community of Laforce • governor-general of Congo BeIge there are new homes for sufferers of and now minister of railways, marine, all kinds, especially for epileptics. posts, telegraphs, telephones and aero- The tenth of such homes is being nautics in Belgium, has placed an erected. Laforce, with an institutional order for a "beam" type wireless post congregation of 600 members of whom 500 are inmates, has been called the French Bethel. The addresses de-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

livered at the convention correspond ment for a bill to enable them to conto this environment. summate union under certain condi- tions. These conditions provided that Under the influence of this conven- given a final vote of 75% in all three tion an exchange of theological stu- Conferences i'n the year 1931, union dents has been inaugurated. Special can be achieved in 1932 and the first attention is devoted to the spiritual United Conference meet in 1933, excare of Foreign Legion soldiers of actly twenty years after the commence- German extraction.-Kirchenzeitung. ment of negotiations.-Indian Witness.

German Mohammeda.ns Russian Mohalll'llledans THE Islam Institute in Berlin sug- SINCE the formation of the Soviet gested the formation of a commit- Republic, many Mohammedans, tee for German Mohammedans, which have left Russia and settled in was actually formed at the beginning Esthonia, where there are now about of 1929. The organization consists 300. Finland also has Mohammedan of Moslems of German nationality settlers to the number of about 950. who have become adherents of this religion. They have subscribed to an Alliance of Jews agreement whereby they will settle all 'disputes with other Mohammedans be- A NEW movement has arisen in fore an Islamite court. All have Hungary to bring into an Aladopted Arabic names in place of liance all Jews who believe in Christ, their baptismal names.-Devaranne. whether connected with a church or not. The leader of this movement is To Starve Out Religion Dr. Foeldes, a Hungarian Jewish lawyer and prominent jurist who is T HE following has been received also a Christian. When interviewed from Russian sources believed to regarding the Alliance, Dr. Foeldes be authentic: said: "One fundamental basis is that everyone has a right to live his own "Some time ago the Soviet authori- life as a Christian, and we do not deties permitted the Baptists to publish mand adherence to any dogmas or 25,000 Bibles in Moscow, and 25,000 creeds. The only requirement for New Testaments with Psalms in the membership in the Alliance is a contown of Harkow. This work was fession of faith in Christ. That alone stopped before it could be completed. holds us together. Everyone is wel- The magazine The Baptist of Ukrainia come to our conferences, and whoever has ceased to exist, and the magazine visits us once will be fully convinced The Bapti.~t has to undergo so minute that we are not a mystical sect, but a a censorship that the Czarist regime company that believes and teaches the would be jealous of it." Bible as the Word of God and the truth in Christ as it is written and Methodist Union in England without distortion."

METHODIST bodies in Great Brit- The movement was known in Ger- ain proposing to unite are the many before the war and has greatly Wesleyans, with a membership of 517,- developed since then. It is spreading 000; the Primitive Methodists, 224,- in France, England and also in Amer- 000 and the United Methodists 145,000. ica. Negotiations started in 1913, and a definite scheme was ready by 1919, but Fa.mous French Seminary opposition, chiefly among the Wesleyans, has resulted in delay. A mag- THE Paris Theological Seminary, nanimous spirit on all sides has made founded in Strassburg during the it possible for one after another of Reformation, is responding to inthe leaders of the opposition to come creased demands for theological trainover to the side of union, and last year ing of students from Czechoslovakia, Methodist leaders petitioned Parlia-

Roumania, Poland, the Balkan States, Of the 91 counties included in the sur- Japan, and the United States. Grad- vey 50 are in Missouri, 30 in Arkansas uates of this Seminary have served and 11 in Oklahoma. This area is every section of France, as well as im- 85% rural; its people very largely pOl·t~nt parishQs in England, Belgium, native born white, and for the most Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Amer- part would be classed as Protestant ica and the missionary lands of Africa, rather than Catholic. Headquarters Indo-China, Madagascar and Tahiti. are in the Y. M. C. A., Springfield, Mo.

The roll of its alumni is a blue book of religious leadership. Religious Press Conference Huguenot Hospital THE fourteen editors of religious periodicals who attended the an- L A SYMPATHIE," the mission hos- nual meeting of the Executive Com- pital of the French South-East mittee of the Federal Council of Mission, in Dig n e, Basses-Alpes, Churches in Chicago, December 4-6, France, has been in operation a little had an interesting conference for the over a year. There are 57 patients in discussion of their common problems.

a building built to accommodate fifty. Dr. Paul S. Leinbach, editor of the The hospital has been a great boom to Reformed Church Messenger and the Protestant sick of the region, and Chairman of the Editorial Council of has furnished a wonderful opportunity the Religious Press Association, pre- for evangelization. In the Province of sided. The Conference recommended Basses-Alpes there are over 200 vil- to the Committee on Motion Pictures, lages. Patients are coming from many appointed by the last meeting, that it of these, and upon their return to arrange for a frank conference with their homes take the Gospel message. officials of the motion picture industry, The plan of the mission is to follow up and that, in preparation for its report every such opening. A colporteur has to the next meeting, it undertake to been secured to take advantage of secure as many pertinent facts as pos- these opportunities. He will traverse sible concerning the present situation.

the region, visiting in the homes of all Plans were made for the next an- ex-patients, holding meetings, preach- nual editorial conference, which will ing the Gospel, and distributing the be held in Washington, D. C., April Scriptures. 29 and 30, under the chairmanship of Dr. Leinbach. A committee, which NORTH AMERICA was charged with responsibility for Couperation in the Ozark. outlining a series of topics for the CHURCH superintendents and su- conference consists of John van pervisors of mission work are Schaick, Jr., of the Christian Leader; more keenly aware than ever before Dan B. Brummitt, of the Northwest- that close cooperation between the va- ern Christian Advocate, and U. M.

rious denominations is necessary if McGuire, of The Baptist.

the people in the average rural com- munity are to be afforded adequate Friends Consider Union religious privileges. A survey now AMONG the many movements toward being made promises real progress. A f i church union, the newest de- local Ozark Committee of the Home velopment appeared at the "All- Missions Council, representing eleven Friends' Conference" held in Oska- denominations having churches in the loosa, Ia., last fall. An effort was Ozark country, has recently been begun to draw into fellowship the four formed for the purpose of making an bodies known as Orthodox or Con- "Every Community Church Survey" servatives, Liberal or Hicksite, Wil- of the upland counties of Southern burites, and Primitive. The Orthodox Missouri, Arkansas and eastern Okla- or Conservatives, mixed with Progres- homa, popularly known as the Ozarks. sives, number nearly five to one of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

total Friends in the United States; classes in the United States, Canada Liberals or Hicksites have upward of and a few foreign countries. This 16,000 members; Wilburites number- large supply of the "Gospel in Print" ing 3,500 are quite Conservative, with consisted of 40,829 books of the Moody a touch of the oldest conservatism, Colportage Library, 43,872 copies of while the Primitives are very few in the Evangel Booklets, 60,779 copies of number and occupy an independent at- the Pocket Treasury (a collection of titude. Scripture portions, songs and helps), 42,957 attractive gospel tracts, 4,413 To this Conference came Friends Emphasized Gospels of John, and 1,817 from all parts of the United States New Testaments-a total of 194,167 and Canada, from England, the old copies. This was sent in 8,218 ship- London Yearly Meeting, from Ireland, ments to every state in the Union; to from France, Germany, Japan, Aus- Canada, Alaska, Porto Rico, the Philiptralia and other countries. pines and six foreign countries. It was furnished to the teachers and Divisions which have interposed the more important differences received attention, and it was agreed that since scholars of 1,824 mountain /lchools, peace has been from the first a cardinal and the inmates of 1,100 penal instituprinciple of Quakerism, much can be tions; to patients in city, county and gained by removing the spirit of dis- national hospitals; to pioneers, lum- sension among its groups. berjacks and others.

President Hoover is a member of the Orthodox or Conservative group. Change of Heart7 For Crime Prevention T HE California Commission on Im- migration has issued the following A NATIONAL Commission on Crime Rules for the Treatment of Foreign- Prevention through Moral and ers: Religious Education is to be organized Don't snub foreign people. Make by the Church League, an interdenom- friends of them.

inational organization wit h head- Don't laugh at their questions about quarters at 156 Fifth Avenue, New American life. Answer them. York City. The purpose of this commission will be to supplement the work Don't profit by their ignorance of of President Hoover's Commission on American law. Help remove it. Law Observance and Enforcement. Don't mimic their broken English. The plan is to discover on the basis Help correct it. of all ascertainable facts how effective is the present moral and religious edu- Don't call them offensive nickcation in keeping those who receive it names. How would you like it yourout of criminal careers, and also to self? suggest practical ways in which appropriate moral and religious educa- Don't make the immigrant hate tion can be extended to one half of the America. Make him love America. In other words, be an American-and be a Christian.

youth of America from 5 to 18 years Conference of Negro Educators A of age who are not now receiving such CONFERENCE of presidents and theological deans of the major training from any source, Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish. Negro schools, maintained in the Shipments of Christian Literature South by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, was held in Atlanta, DURING December, the Bible Insti- Georgia, October 9-11. The first day tute Colportage Association of was devoted to a consideration of the Chicago mailed seven and one-half religious condition of these colleges. tons of evangelical Christian litera- The second day took up the theological ture to accredited workers for free departments of the schools. While distribution among several neglected the total number of students for the 5

ministry remains practically the same, feat has not been the conversion of a the number pursuing full theological certain number of Japanese but the courses is greater than ever before, foundation of a vigorous native though inadequate to the needs. The church. It is the test of Christianity third day was given to the needs of that it can adapt itself to all civilizathe average Negro pastor, especially tions and improve all, and the future in the rural districts, and to the pos- lies with the native church in Japan." sible methods of giving him a broader outlook and better methods, and ele- Unl'eached Millions mentary training for his work. The schools unanimously approved the es- MANY in America are inclined to tablishment of ministers' institutes, believe that Japan has advanced designed to start the ministers who so far in Western civilization that she attend them in courses of study which has discarded idols, that ancient faiths will be continued in ministers' clubs have lost their hold and that it is only and correspondence courses. It is a matter of time before she will behoped to secure the cooperation of come the Christian nation of the East. Negro state conventions and national While this may be true of the eduorganizations of white state conven- cated upper classes, it is by no means tions, of each of the theological true of millions of the lower classes. schools, and of the Home Mission Thousands of artisans, fishermen and Society and friends in the North. boatmen, petty shopkeepers and la- borers are practically untouched by JAPAN the Gospel, while in many a village and hamlet there is not one witness The Gospel's Power for Christ. The farmers, too, are practically unreached. On all these, CHRISTIANITY is recognized by old religions and superstitions have a the Japanese Government as one firm hold. Ancestor worship, fox worof the three religions of Japan. ship and other cults are mixed up with Though the number of openly pro- Buddhism, and in nearly every house fessed Christians is comparatively there is the god-shelf with its idols, small, Christian influence is firmly its flowers and rice offerings. The rooted in the life and thought of the Church of Christ has scarcely begun nation. It is interesting to note that to touch these people. They can be a Japanese playwright, in 1928, pro- effectually reached only by Japariese duced in the Imperial Theatre, Tokyo, Christians.-C. M. S. Gleaner. a drama entitled "Christus," follow- ing very closely the Gospel story, World Wide Task of Missions carrying it through to the risen, liv- ing Lord. The appreciative response REV. A. EBISAWA, General Secre- of the audience, largely non-Christian, tary of the National Christian was significant. Council of Japan, paid a second visit to America as a delegate to the Inter- Another evidence of the lliace national 'Missionary Council at Wil- Christianity has won is the recogni· liamstown, Mass. He writes of this tion it receives from non-Christian visit: Japanese leaders who' acknowledge, not only its influence upon Japanese "1 found many changes in American Hfe, but the power it has had in their life, due to the development of me- 'own personal lives and the difference chanical civilization, and to material it has made in their thinking and con- prosperity. Nine years ago, when traveling through the States, I was al- duct. most in blind love, idealizing every- The Japan Advertiser on May 15, thing American; but this time I found that 1 could not remain alto- 1929, had an editorial "Has Chris- gether in blind admiration. I came to tianity Failed in Japan?" The writer feel that we also have to share in aRserts: "Their [the missionaries'-, great

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sympathetic attitude the burdens of and one young Japanese (Mr. Yoshiour Christian leaders in America. da), in the new building. By re- Surely the world has many troubles. markable Providences and by archi- Each nation and people has its own tectural work for income, the Mission peculiar problems; but it is the high has 'grown till now it comprises privilege of us Christian brothers to about 100 workers, and has spread its be able to share each other's burdens activities into many parts of the provfor the glory of our common Lord. ince. The property is held by a Foun- My heart leaps with joy when I look dation incorporated in Japan as the forward to the great task ahead of us. O'illi Kirisutokyo Jizen Kyokwa Our new Government, the Hamaguchi Zaidan, which insures the permanency Cabinet, has just started a 'Spiritual of its work. The Mission's platform Mobilization,' calling for the coopera- is: tion of all social and religious organizations to meet and help in the solution 1. To preach and practice the Gosof the national, economic and thought- pel in the Province of Omi without life problems. It gives us Christians reference to denominations. There another opportunity to redouble our being no "Omi Mission Church," conefforts, and perhaps even to lead the verts are organized into self-supportreligious and social workers of other ing congregations of the denominasystems. I helieve the time has now tions of their own choice. come when our churches, being somewhat developed, will be able to enter 2. To practice the complete unifyinto real cooperation with the churches ing of the work and fellowship of of other lands in the work for the ad- Japanese and foreign workers. vancement of the Kingdom in all the world. Real world-wide cooperation in 3. To evangelize communities unfulfilling the last command of our occupied by any other Mission, and Lord, 'Go ye therefore, and make dis- under no circumstances to overlap ciples of all the nations,' is really just with the work of such Mission. beginning." 4. To evangelize Rural communities, Rural Evangelization as the most conservative element of mankind and the most probable source T HE Omi Mission is an undenomi- of ,leadership. national experiment in rural evangelization, supported by voluntary 5. To seek, enlist and train leaders contributions. It was founded in and workers. 1905 by Wm. Merrell Vories, who came to Omi as teacher of English in the 6. To work for social betterment, local Government academies. In his including temperance, social purity, own house he conducted Bible classes marriage customs, industrial, physical for students. About 30 were Boon and sanitary reforms, and definite efbaptized and a student Y. M. C. A. forts for the neglected. organized. The Herbert Andrews Memorial building was erected for 7. To study and experiment with this work. The rapid spread of Chris- new methods of evangelization. tian influence caused suspicion and opposition, which resulted in pressure Relief for Night Workers upon the school authorities. Mr. Vories was offered a renewal of con- NIGHT work from 11 p. m. to 5 tract only upon promise to give up all p. m. for young persons and womreligious activities. This was, of en working in factories in Japan came course, impossible. to an end on July 1, 1929, the prohi- bition affecting approximately 1,000 In April, 1907, the second period of young persons and 196,000 women. this Mission began with one foreigner Hereafter Japanese cotton mills will be operated on a two-shift basis from 5 a. m. to 11 p. m., and the actual hours of work will be reduced from 10 hours to eight and one-half a day.

Many factories celebrated the day. The industrial association of the Oka-

yama Prefecture requested its affili- as their life occupation. The future of ated factories to have all their em- Syria is tied up with a number of re- ployees examined medically on that ligious and economic problems, but no day and to start courses in athletics, need is more important than that of and it has set apart the date to be ob- Christian home making. Three years served annually as "health day." Some ago the Presbyterian Church initiated factories are planning for their lei- an educational project new to Syria sure-time activities to include lessons -the Sidon Girls' School. The study in flower arrangement, artificial flow- course was planned to cover six years'

er-making, and etiquette, as well as in training in food, clothing, home man- language, ethics and cooking. agement and child care. One of the first graduates is now dietician in the WESTERN ASIA Lebanon Y. W. C. A. camp, the first Syria Ha. Mental Ho.pital Syrian girl to fill such a position.

T HE Lebanon Hospital for Mental The plant as originally designed is Diseases is not in the forefront of now complete and consists of the adpublic thought, but in a quiet, unosten- ministration building, with class rooms, tatious way it is doing splendid work auditorium, office and reception room in Syria. Interdenominational and in- and laboratory, and four cottages ternational in character, it is a com- planned according to the prevailing plete unit for the treatment of mental type of Syria home architecture. Each afflictions in a country where provision contains a teacher's room, two sleeping for illness is far behind either Pales- rooms for girls, bathroom and kitchen.

tine or Egypt. Ten girls and a house mother live in The work haG been achieved by a each cottage, the house mother being group of international committees, one of the teachers. Seventy boarding Swiss, Dutch, American, Syrian, Eng- students can be accommodated. lish and Scotch, who charged them- selves with the responsibility of A Welcome Change framing policy and providing capital, and who have furnished and equipped SOME time ago, owing to restrictions this hospital for 30 years. The doors in regard to Christian teaching, of the hospital have not been closed which the Turkish Government had imthrough all the vicissitudes of famine posed, the Jewish Mission Committee and revolution, political change and of the Church of Scotland came to the war, and the one aim has been to heal conclusion that their mission in Conall sorts and conditions of men, not stantinople (or Istamboul, the name only of their mental diseases but of now insisted on) would have to close. their spiritual diseases also. lt is now reported by The Record of the Church of Scotland that a change The need is great and accommoda- has come over the authorities, who have tion is very limited-only one bed to expressed a desire that the work should every 16,300 people in Syria, whereas continue. The report continues: "This, in Palestine there is one to every 6,000 of course, could only be on the Comand in Egypt one to 4,500. The hos- mittee's terms, and it must be gratifypital is full to overflowing. The total ing to friends to learn that the scheme income for the year was $40,000, the devised by Rev. R. C. Macanna, and greater bulk of which was derived approved by the Committee, has been from patients' payments.-Evangelica~ adopted."-The Christian.

Christian.

Home Economics in Syria Changes in Afghanistan H OME Economics education i.n Syria NADIR SHAH, King of Afghani- is in its infancy, but famIly con- stan, in a recent proclamation Bets sciousness is strong, and the majority forth the future policy of his regime of girls look forward to homemaking in the following ten points:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

1. The principle of Islamic law posed, also, to repudiate the British (Hanafi) will be the basis of the ad- debt, the interest on which is said to ministration. 2. Total prohibition of reach the enormous total of $2,500,- alcoholic liquor. 3. Establishment of 000,000 annually.

a military school and arsenal for man- To this must be added China's rev- ufacturing modern arms. 4. Continu- ocation of extra-territorial rights, ance of King Amannullah's relations which affects Great Britain more than with foreign powers. 5. Restoration any other nation; the unsatisfactory of telegraphs and telephones. 6. Re- conclusions of the commission of in- conditioning of all roads. 7. Energetic quiry into the Palestine Arab-Zionist measures for the recovery of arrears feud; rioting in Nigeria, Africa; in- of revenue. 8. Development of com- tertribal warfare in Bulow&, South mercial relations with foreign powers. Africa; an uprising at Apia, Samoa; 9. A progressive educational policy. and smoldering volcanoes in Egypt and 10. The old Council of State to be con- Mesopotamia.

tinued and a Prime Minister to be ap- pointed who will form a cabinet World Alliance for Friendship subject to the approval of the king. THE Executive Committee of the World Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches met GENERAL Significant Events for the first time on French soil last I N THE leading editorial of the No- September. In ten years this organi- vember number of Jewish Mission- zation has made very great progress. ary Magazine, Dr. Thomas M. Chalmers, Director of the New York Jew- There are now national branches in 31 countries and the Alliance com- ish Mission, points out seven notable mands international respect. The events of the present year which have French Government went so far as to striking significance prophetically. send a telegram wishing all success to These are: the Papal-Fascist concor- its meeting at Avignon. That the Aldat; the proposed revival of the Jewish liance is capable of handling a difficult Sanhedrin for the retrial of Jesus; task is shown by its quietly settling, the formation of the Jewish Agency, at Avignon, a complicated dispute of uniting Zionists and non-Zionists in long standing between its Bulgarian the restoration movement; the Arab- and Yugoslav members. Jewish riots; the proposed International Bank; the enlarged Peace and The work of the Stockholm Contin- Safety propaganda; and proposals for uation Committee has a profound increating the United States of Europe. terest for the Alliance and at its last meeting it accepted almost all the resolutions passed at Eisenach. It Portentous Events further proposed that in case of dec- T HE "White Man's Burden" has laration of an aggressive war or of passed from poetry into grim real- violation of international law, the ity. Recent developments indicate that Churches should refrain from all col- India is to be Britain's most important laboration with the defaulting State.

problem this year. The Indian Na- It organized two stimulating summer tional Congress voted, January 1, 2, schools last year. The one at Vau- by a vote of 994 to 6, to secede from marcus brought together students, the British Empire and to maintain agricultural laborers and employees, complete independence. The plan of and a group of the Knights of Peace.

the seceders is said to be to enter im- Discussion centered around the ques- mediately upon a campaign of civil dis- tion: Is it possible to be a good Chris- obedience, nonpayment of taxes and tian and an intolerant patriot at the noncooperation with the British gov- same time? The gathering voted that ernment. The British authorities are "the Churches should condemn all characterized as intruders. It is pro- wars, arising out of causes not sub-

mitted to international arbitration or He says that Protestant missions declared contrary to the decision of own and control 858 hospitals with the International Court." Another 31,264 beds. In these 389,712 patients group from eight different countries have received medical attention, out of met at Schloss Westerburg (Ger- which 198,844 were operative cases. many). Here too the problems of There are 1686 dispensaries in which peace and of the Church and modern last year 10,441,539 consultations were youth were discussed. held, while there were also 137,152 house visits. 'THE World Alliance for Peace number of December 15th of There are now 513 native doctors the periodical PortugaL Evangelico (male) and 99 female doctors in the various fields, together with 2,597 male is devoted to the subject of world assistants and 2,861 female, besides 1,085 trained nurses, peace. This number brings a long re- For every 25 mission workers there port by Alfredo da Silva on the Con- is now one medical missionary. The largest number are working in Asia ference held at Avignon in France. where there are 596 male and 321 fe- male doctors, and 640 foreign nurses. After giving the history of the China and India are the preferred countries, having in China a total of movement and the effort to make it 499 doctors and 327 hospitals with 16,- 608 beds. India has 297 doctors, two effective in every country, he reports medical schools for women, recognized by government and enormous hospithe meeting itself. This was attended tals. Africa with its 140 million natives has however only 157 doctors among by 39 delega'tes, one from each country whom 15 are women with 282 foreign nurses. These few have to fight sleepparticipating. He reports as the chief ing sickness, yellow fever, tuberculosis, syphilis, the evil effects of the slave topics engaging the attention of the trade, alcohol and the most unhygienic conditions. conference the subject of disarmament The rest of the missionary medical and the resolution to set aside one forces are divided among Turkey, Au- stralasia, Latin America and the Unit- Sunday, preferably the Sunday before ed States, In China 279 of the hospitals are self-supporting. Christmas to bring before all 'Chris- The European participation in this tian people the problem of peace and magnificent work is small in compari- son. The entire continent furnishes the obligation incumbent upon them to only 89 doctors, Great Britain 518 and the United States and Canada 700. bring about the ideals of Christ in re- Educational Comm.i••iollS gard to universal peace. This idea he THERE were presented to the Comrecommends to the thoughtful atten- mittee of Reference and Council proposals for two educational commistion of the readers of this Portuguese sions, one for Japan and the other for India. The appointment of such a paper which is the organ of the Meth- commission to Japan was heartily en- dorsed by the committee and plans odist Church of Portugal. . were suggested looking toward the ap- pointment of such a commission when EL Suspension of a Religious Paper the. way seems clear for it. A list of MUNDO CRISTIANO which has been appearing for thirteen years in Mexico has suspended publication for one year with the hope of resuming after that time. The reasons given are largely those connected with financial retrenchment. The number in which this is announced is a very beautiful Christmas number which makes the fact stand out with particular sadness, Medical MissioDS DR, OLPP, of the Institute for Tropical Diseases In Tuebingen, publishes in his last report, some very illteresting figures about medical missions.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

subjects which might form an outline in a proper spirit, can be considerof the commission's responsibilities ably amplified." was suggested. With regard to the commission for India the committee Gandhi Did Not Lead Indian Congress had before it the very carefully drawn proposals of the National Christian MAHATMA GANDHI refused to Council of India, supported by the con- accept the chairmanship of the ference at Agra and by the various Indian National Congress, which met provincial educational associations and in Lahore December 31. The secreother bodies, together with certain tary of the Indian Freedom Foundasuggested terms of reference which tions, which has headquarters in New had been outlined by the representa- York, regards this as a most signifitives of the British boards having cant development in Indian affairs. work in India. The proposal for the The leader nominated to succeed commission was approved in general Gandhi is Jawarharial Nehru, son of and the officers were requested to take the Pundit Motilal Nehru and leader up the matter with the various na- of the Swarajists, or Home Rule party, tional organizations concerned with a in the Indian Legislative Assembly. view to securing agreement on the He is an extremist, the opposite of terms of reference and the necessary Gandhi in policy, and the young Inpersonnel for the commission as well dia party which he leads declares for as finances. It is proposed that the complete independence. For ten years commission should consist of seven Nehru, who is thirty-seven and a members, two to be appointed by In- graduate of Oxford, has been active dia, two by Great Britain, and two in the militant campai~n fQr freedom. from North America, with the seventh He believes that Gandhi's era of pasmember as chairman to be appointed sive resistance and noncooperation is by the International Missionary Coun- at an end.-Missi()n.~.· cil. The present expectation is that this commission should go to India Purdah Patients during the winter of 1930-31. A VISITOR to the Ludhiana Wom- INDIA en's Christian Medical Center describes what she saw: Gandhi Ask. for Milk Each patient occupied a private ward, ONE of the subjects studied by Dr. supplied with a lattice door to the cen- Kenyon L. Butterfield, agricul- tral courtyard, and a back entrance to tural leader, now on his way to In- the street. Crouching around were various dia on behalf of the International members of the family,-the grand- Missionary Council, will be a plea for mother minding the smaller children, improving the cattle and increasing the milk supply for the children. and the husband recliriibg at ease in a Mahatma Gandhi recently wrote to Bishop Fred B. Fisher: long chair, keeping laz9·,"guard over the observance of the strict. regulation "What American friends may do in giving constructive help (for the In- a which must in no wise be relaxed in the dian children) is not to send doles of charity but to send expert knowledge unfamiliar setting of Christian hosin dairying-true philanthropists who pital. He came and went freely by the will give knowledge for the sake of street door, but might never pass through giving it, and who will study the con- the swinging lattice into the court, for dition of India's cattle and show us as no other man might ever look upon the way of improving our breed and the woman whom he had married, so the supply of milk from the existing must he never see the face of another cattle. This idea, if it is entertained Mohammedan's wife.

The demands of the Hindu patient are even more exacting, for she may touch no food unless prepared in a special kitchen by women of her own caste, and hospital arrangements must adapt themselves to these requirements. The exigencies of a surgical operation, how- ever, often require a patient to take nourishment from the hand of a West- ern doctor or non-caste nurse, and the

'consequent violation of social tradition case. Cancer of the mouth and tongue calls for most drastic action. Before is preeminently the type of cancer the woman may resume her position in most easily and hopefully treated by her own household she must submit to radium." rituals of purification which demand that she bathe in sacred waters and par- Dehra Dun Girls' School take of the five products of the cow. 'l'HE Seventieth Anniversary of the Christianity Stands Third .1 American Presbyterian Mission T'HE Presbyterian reports that Christians now stand third among Girls' High School was held September all the religious communities in India. 27 to 30 at the school in Dehra Dun. In the census of 1921, their number The school was opened as a Day was nearly five millions. The rapid School with about fifteen' pupils in growth of the Christian community 1856. The following year it became a since 1881 is indicated by the follow- boarding school. In 1868 grant from ing table showing the proportion per Government was received, eighteen 10,000 of population: acres of land were purchased and the present building was built to accom- 1881 1921 modate 150 girls. To this has later been added a gymnasiurn with class- Hindus …………. . 7,197 6,589 rooms on either side. Plans are now Sikhs ………….. . 63 96 in preparation for a new dormitory, Moslems ………… . classrooms, and more equipment. In Christians .. : ……. . 2,260 2,407 1876 came the first marked educational Buddhists ………. . 58 123 success in the passing of the Higher 465 Middle Examination for boys by the 172 first girl ever admitted to a public examination in India. That this high The percentage of increase of re- standard has been constantly mainligions in India from 1881 to 1921 is tained is witnessed by the large as follows: Christians, 150 per cent; number who pass the Government ex- Moslems, 37 per cent; Zoroastrians, aminations each year. However, the 20 per cent; total population, 24 per primary aim of the school is not to cent. promote scholarship, but rather to de- velop Christian character, and equip Radium for Neyyoor young women for the fullest possible service.-Indian Standard. AS A result of the casual mention .tl. which Dr. Howard Somervell Santal Mission made in a recent wireless talk in Eng- THE Santal Mission is operated land about the Neyyoor L. M. S. Hos- jointly by three Lutheran Boards, pital, of his desire to take back a sup- one in Norway, one in Denmark, and ply of radium when he returns to one in the United States. The mis- South India, he has received gifts sionaries are recruited from each of aggregating $800. Radium of the these three countries, but are organvalue of this latter sum, he tells a cor- ized and work on the field as a single respondent, "will enable us to treat unit. Reports show there are 17,169 about 100 to 150 cases each year, with Christians. Average church attendmuch greater prospect of cure (and ance totals 6,205, while the average much less work for me incidentally) number of communicants is recorded than would be the case by operation as 1,889. A good gain was made for alone. Moreover, many cases that we the period under review, which was 15 now have to send away to die a miser- instead of the usual 12 months, owing able death could, with radium, be to a change in the system of keeping saved and often completely cured, so the records. Baptisms numbered 630 great is the advance that radium children of Christians and 1,069 contreatment has made lately. We do over 200 operations a year on cancer of the mouth alone, possibly the largest number done by any hospital in the world for this particular class of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

verts from nonChristians. In addition The capture had been carried out in to the fifty-one missionaries twenty- the same place and by the same band two pastors, 225 elders, 70 Bible wom- of alleged Communists who carried en and 143 teachers are engaged in the off the Rev. Ulrich Kreutzen, Michigan work of the church. missionary, Nov. 11th. Father Kreut- zen later was released on payment of a CHINA small ransom.

Fanrlne Over Wide Area ANNIBALISM is added to the hor- Religion in the Schools C rors of famine and cold, reported U to have taken 2,000,000 lives in China NDER present government restric- tion, religious subjects can not be within eight months. Another 2,000,- taught, nor chapel services held in 000 persons are said to be doomed to schools. The Boys' School of Lintsing, die by starvation. met this by employing a preacher to George Andrews, a missionary born work among students outside school in Kansu Province, after nine months hours, while in the Girls' School a Y. of relief work there, said famine, dis- W. C. A. was organized. This group ease and exposure in Kansu, Shensi held meetings once a week, conducted and Shansi provinces had caused one classes in the evening for school emof the most terrible situations ever ployees, Sunday-school classes in the experienced in China, and that pros- city and evangelistic work in the hospects for the coming year are that pital. In the spring, however, the Northwest China probably will experi- school board insisted upon the disconence a plague of disease and famine tinuance of the Y. W. C. A. because that will be the worst within human the schools must have a uniform stumemory. dent organization with no religious Relief work in the interior provinces exercises. The girls, much displeased, of Shensi, Kansu and Shansi, is ex- decided that it was about time a·clear tremely difficult because of the rugged showing was made as to who were, mountainous country and difficulty of and who were not Christians. As a transporting supplies. He expressed result, nine joined the church by bapsorrow that missionaries and relief or- tism and five or six on probation. ganizations had been able to save only a small proportion of the afflicted. In spite of a small attendance on Sunday, there are two voluntary Bible Mr. Andrews testifies that he wit- classes led by Christian workers outnessed many instances of cannibalism, side the faculty, with a good enroland that although authorities at first ment, and grace before meat was voltried to stop the practice, they later untarily organized. abandoned the effort. Many books and periodicals of help- Missionaries Kidnapped ful character and religious tone are readily available for student reading. REV. S. W. K. SANDY and the Rev. E. H. Livesly, representatives of Chinese Banditry the British Wesleyan Mission at Ta- yeh, in Southeastern Hupeh Province, THE stations of the Liebenzell Mishave been captured by bandits, who sion in the province of Hunan are are reported to be holding them for a in constant danger at the hands of the large ransom. bandits. The Alliance Mission of Bar- men has sent home a long report de- Three hundred Nationalist Govern- voted almost entirely to this evil. One ment soldiers sent from Hankow to Tayeh to rescue the missionaries, of its missionary families has been joined the Communists upon arrival robbed of everything three times durat Hwangshihkang and are said to be ing the last year. In the south of assisting the Reds in their occupation Kwang-tung there is a large strip of of Tayeh, a Communist stronghold. territory entirely in the hands of the

robbers and to which no soldiers ven- LATIN AMERICA ture. Nursing in Peru Although banditry is a Chinese evil and missionaries formerly were able T HE Evangelical Union of South to continue their work unharmed by America is an amalgamation of negotiating with the robbers, the evil several smaller organizations. The has assumed a much worse form, since fact that South America was left out these robbers are very largely mixed of consideration at the World Missionwith communists and are determined ary Conference at Edinburgh, in 1910, to wipe out religion. Chinese Chris- roused several leaders to united action tians, catechists and pupils are being on behalf of the Neglected Continent. captured and some are put to death The South America Evangelical Misunder the most atrocious conditions. sion in Brazil united with the Argen- tine and Peru missions of the R. B. Since the middle of August, three M. U., and they were joined a little missionaries of the Basel Mission, later by the "Help for Brazil Mission." Kilper, Walter and Fischle, are in cap- At Keswick in 1912 the fusion was tivity, and a demand has been made for completed and the E. U. S. A. came a ransom of $2,000,000.00 Mex. It is into being. There has been steady not intended that any ransom be paid, growth since that time. since then all missionaries would be in constant'danger of being kidnapped. Back in the mountains of Peru, Miss The missions for the same reason have Pinn and Miss Michell labor in a reconstantly refused to pay ransom for mote Indian village, innocent of every captured Chinese Christians. The ordinary comfort. They live in a little wives of the captive missionaries are adobe shack, and carryon district displaying the utmost heroism in rec- nursing. "Distracting nursing" many ommending that no ransom be paid. would call it. These ladies crawl into the Indian huts, and without the help Chinese Home Missions of a doctor, undertake the most des- perate cases. There is no light save WRITING of the progress of the what comes through the low door. Chinese Church, The Chinese Re- The dirt is unspeakable, the place is corder describes the work of the Chi- alive with vermin, and the patient has nese Home Missionary Society, an nothing but a filthy sheepskin for a organization supported by Chinese bed. Any cure under such conditions funds, governed by Chinese officers would seem miraculous, but as a matand employing and sending out as ter of fact recovery is the rule. All deputation workers Chinese mission- day long the Indians come for mediaries. The Society is well organized cine, and every night the ladies hold a and is at present supported by eight gcspel meeting in the Quechua lanlocal societies. The Recorder com- guage.-The Chl'iNtian. ments thus: "Not many years ago the Chinese were criticised as having little The Bible in Cakchiquel or no missionary spirit; as knowing nothing outside their own lands in the NINE years of labor have culmiway of Christian progress. This can nated in a translation of the New no longer be said. This Society, which Testament into the Cakchiquel Indian began work in Yunnan alone, is now language of Guatemala by Mr. and branching out to Turkestan, Man- Mrs. W. Cameron Townsend, missionchuria, and other parts. The Chinese aries to these Indians. Mr. Towndelegates to Jerusalem were asked at send tells of some of their difficulties: Singapore if they could extend their "Humanly speaking, the task was imhelp to that part. It is likely that in possible. The language was unwritthe future the word 'Home' will be left ten. There were no teachers who out of the title and it will become 'The understood grammar. There were no Chinese Missionary Society.''' competent linguists to undertake the task. After two months of arduous

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

questioning, writing and comparing, Fetra. Hundreds of women now prom- we discovered a few of the elementary inent in the life of Chile, including rules of the language and formulated daughters of several presidents of the something of a vocabulary. It has republic, have been educated in the been a long road from that small be- college. Recently the trustees pur- ginning to the classification of over chased a site of seven acres upon the 2,000 verb forms. We have come to edge of the city, upon which it is greatly respect the Cakchiquel lan- planned to erect a group of modern guage. It is not an evolved language school buildings.

like English, but exists in its original purity to a remarkable degree.-Bible Mission for Diamond Miners Society Record. A FEW years ago diamonds were American College in the Argentine discovered east of Burity in suf- ficient quantities to draw diamond THE American College in Buenos miners from all over Brazil, and to Aires, largest city of South Ameri- open up a large section practically unca, announces itself a "Venture in inhabited, except by Indians.

Friendship." Believing that in Chris- Some of the diamond miners were tian education there is more power to believers from other parts of Brazil, solve the problems of international re- and they asked missionaries to send lations than' in battleships or secret someone into the new field. Rev. and diplomacy, this school is a good-will Mrs. A. C. Salley have itinerated dur- approach to the establishment of per- ing all of last year, by truck and Ford, manent international acquaintance and not only in the Matto Grosso section understanding between the Americans of this district, but also in that part of the North and those of the South, which extends into the state of Goyaz.

and is an interdenominational enter- They found the field absolutely unoc- prise conducted by the Methodist cupied, and so vast that it was decided Episcopal Church and the Disciples of they should work the Goyaz section Christ. and Rev. A. J. Martin the Matto Gros- Buenos Aires is a southern melting so section, this year.

pot. The industrious northern Italian, Work among these miners differs the evangelical Waldensians, the hard- from regular work in that the popula- working Gallego, the restless Catalan, tion is ever shifting. A man interested the energetic Basco, with a good share in the Gospel found in a certain loca- of French, Portuguese, German, tion by the missionary on one of his Czechs, Swiss and others are fusing visits, may be found in quite a differ- into a vigorous race. In the American ent location the next time the mission- College are representatives from them ary comes around. Men form at least all, including the English colony and 70 per cent of the population. Nearly a small number from the United everybody attends the meetings when States. the missionary arrives.-Presbyterian Advance.

For Santiago College THE completion of $150,000 by the ISLANDS Board of Foreign Missions of the Kagawa in Loo Choo S Methodist Episcopal Church, making INCE Mr. Kagawa returned from an evangelistic· trip to the Loo available an additional $150,000, for a new building and equipment for San- Choo islands he has been arousing tiago College for Girls, Santiago, Chile, Japanese moral sentiment to respon- is announced by Dr. Ralph E. Diffen- sibility for reform in those outlying dorfer, corresponding secretary of the dependencies. Mr. Kagawa says he is board,150 Fifth Avenue, New York. the first Japanese ever to visit Loo Santiago College was organized in Choo as a sociological investigator.

1880 by the Rev. and Mrs. Ira H. La He was amazed at what he found. The

Japanese people, he comments, would that missionaries should still be sent, learn a great deal about their origin as they needed them as leaders and and primitive state if they undertook guides. One of the most impressive the study of these islanders who speak things of Samoan life is evening a variety of the Japanese language prayers. As the darkness deepens, and fully 2000 years old, worship the same lights in the open Samoan houses mythological characters as did Japan shine out, someone begins a hymn. At that long ago, and are living at about once all fall into a quiet attitude of the same level of most ignoble culture. worship. Here and there round the But no one seems interested in Loo village the same occurs, and, since all Choo, except the liquor and tobacco houses are open, the impression is of interests. The people exist on about general worship going on round the five cents worth of sweet potatoes a coast of the island. The beautiful day, and no effort has been made by prayers of Robert Louis Stevenson are the Japanese government or foreign still well known.-The Chronicle. missionary agencies to educate along agricultural, industrial and cultural Church Growth in Papua lines. AS IN Paul's time reference was made .tl. to the "Church in the house of"

Returning Thanks some early Christian, so one may re- THE REV. J. ALFRED PEARCE fer to the house of George Lawes, at writes of his gratitude to God and Port Moresby, as the beginning of the the friends of The Haitien Gospel Mission who by their prayers and gifts Church in Papua. But the churches did not remain little gatherings under enabled the mission to close the year the house or on the verandah. In time, 1929 free of debt. Four converts were each village had its separate building baptized the last Sunday in the old devoted to the one pUrpose. Native year. Their testimonies were touch- buildings do not last many years in ing, especially that of a little girl of Papua, and as each needed renewing twelve. Ten more candidates for bap- the people improved the style of buildtism are being detained until they ing till now there are churches that have legalized their marriages. The have cost villages hundreds of pounds, staff of the mission consists of one and they are found not only in the European missionary, two Haitien neighborhood of Port Moresby, but scattered all along the coastline. evangelists and one Bible woman. At first the services were conducted In Samoa by missionaries from Britain and the South Sea Islands, but native deacons AN ASTONISHING report is to the were appointed, who began to take .tl. effect that in a village of about part in the services, and from the 100 houses a new church was recently early days they and the church mem- opened which cost £4,000, the entire bers were taught to take a share not cost being borne by the villagers. This only in the services, but in the man- appears to suggest that this Samoa agement of all church matters, and village has no poverty problem. Each decide for themselves who should be church is self-supporting, and sub- admitted to membership, and what dis- scribes to a central fund from which cipline should be enforced. It is now all boarding schools, training and the- nearly forty years since the first at- ological institutions are supported, al- tempt was made to get the natives to so to the London Missionary Society is contribute to the support of the work.

repaid all that it may spend in salaries The first Papuan contribution was £30, and traveling of missionaries for Sa- but this grew into one of considerably moa. The Society spends no money over £1,100 during the year 1927. In upon Samoa. When the Samoans un- addition, the people build their own dertook to do all this, they insisted churches and keep them in repair.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Nature of the Physical World. By A. Some of his statements are stagger- S. Eddington. C 8 vo. $3.75. Mac- ing. For example, we are told that the millan. New York. 1929. largest telescopes reveal about a thou- sand million stars; that there are so This handsome volume deals with many beyond present telescopic range one of the profoundest and yet most fascinating of mysteries. What is this that some estimates range from 3,000 universe of which we are a part? How to 80,000 million; that our sun is a very ordinary star compared with was it formed Z When did it start? stars which give at least 10,000 times How many stars are there? Are there its light; that although light travels many planets beside those in our solar at the rate of 186,000 miles a second, system? Are other parts of the uni- it has taken the light of the nearest verse inhabited, or is our earth the spiral nebula 850,000 light years to lone abode of man? These and kin- reach the earth; that biologists and dred questions are here discussed by geologists carry back the history of one of the greatest living scientists, the earth some thousand million years; the famous Professor of Astronomy in that the beginning of the sun as a Cambridge University, England. The luminous star must be dated five biltreatment is intended to be as popular lion years ago; that the universe is as the nature of the subject permits. running down and the sun losing its While much of the book is fairly easy light and heat by radiation and will reading, the author frankly says that ultimately lose so much that the earth "arguments of considerable difficulty will be rendered uninhabitable; but have to be taken in their turn." that it may continue as a star of in- creasing feebleness for 50 or 500 bil- The author reminds us that we must lion years – well, there are enough think of the material universe in a way statements of this kind to make an very different from that prevailing at ordinary reader gasp with amazement. the end of the last century; that our whole understanding of the physical But the author is far from any inworld has radically changed, that the tention to be sensational. He writes theory of relativity and the quantum soberly as a scientific man, to acquaint theory have led to strange new concep- his readers with the latest astronomtions; and that the progress of the ical knowledge. This is a great book, principles of thermodynamics has one of the most notable of modern conwrought more gradual but no less pro- tributions to the understanding of the found change. He tells us what these physical world by one of the most celechanges in scientific thought are and brated scientists of' the age, who finds what their philosophical outcome is. nothing in true science that is incom- His aim is to make clear the scientific view of the world at the present day, patable with religion, and who has and, where it is incomplete, to judge avowed his personal Christian faith the direction in which modern ideas as that of a Quaker. His book on appear to be tending. He then con- "Science and the Unseen World," siders the position which this scientific which is also reviewed in this numview should occupy in relation to the wider aspects of human experence, in- ber of the REVIEW, shows that he sees cluding religion. no conflict between science and re- ligion.

237

The Golden Bough. By Sir James George The New Catholic Dictionary. Compiled Frazer. C 8 vo. 752 pp. $5. Mac- under the direction of Conde B. Pallen, millan. New York. 1929. Ph.D., LL.D., and John J. Wynne, S.J., S.T.D., assisted by Charles F. Wemyss People who are interested in the Brown, Blanche M. Kelley, Litt.D., and myths, legends, folklore and traditions Andrew A. MacErlean, LL.B. 8 vo. of many peoples in various lands, and 1073 pp. $10. Universal Knowledge in the study of the numerous forms of Foundation. New York. 1929. magic, superstition and religion among primitive races, have long known of Protestants may well welcome this this monumental work – the most notable volume. Much of their prejuunique, complete and authoritative one dice against Roman Catholics in the in existence in this particular field. United States and much of Roman Many, however, who have longed to Catholics' prejudice against Protespossess it have been unable to do so tants are based upon misunderstandbecause hitherto it has been published ings. There are indeed important in twelve volumes at a price which was matters of faith and order upon which reasonable for a work of this magni- they widely differ and must continue tude but which was beyond the ability to do so. But they at least should of a large number of those who would have an intelligent idea as to what have liked to own it. Now, this those points really are and as to the numerous class can satisfy their de- reasons why each party holds to its sire, for the author has accomplished beliefs. They can then differ in a with remarkable success what might Christian spirit and each with due rehave been supposed to be the well-nigh gard for the sincerity of the other. impossible task of compressing within This volume is far and away the best the limits of one volume the enormous statement of the Roman Catholic posiwealth of material contained in the tion with which we are acquainted, and original dozen. The language of the as its editors are eminent Roman original text has been for the most Catholics, as it bears the imprimatur part preserved but in order to retain of the Cardinal Archbishop of New as much as possible, notes and ref- York, and as it is published under the erences to authors have been omitted. auspices of the editors of The Catholic The work is the fruit of more than Encyclopredia, it is authoritative. thirty years of profound and accurate study. Here are illuminating discus· The numerous articles were consions of the principles of magic and tributed by over 200 experts. They its relation to religion in history; the include every subject in religion, traevolution of kingship; the worship of dition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, trees and cereals; the propitiation of rites, customs, devotions and symbolgame and fish by savage hunters and ism; accounts of the Church in every fishers; the principles of taboo; the country, diocese and mission center; life and death of human gods; the religious orders, church societies, and custom of the scapegoat; the fire-fes- non-Christian religions. There are tivals of Europe; and the theory and articles on historical events and perpractice of the external soul. sonages in the Bible and on popes, prelates, priests, and laymen. The Golden Bough has already won such a recognized place in the The volume also contains articles on literature of superstition among primi- philosophy, psychology and education, tive races, classical folklore, anthro- on which there is a Catholic teaching, pology and comparative religion that canon law, ethics, social and political it is only necessary to acquaint the science, the arts which have served and readers of the REVIEW with the fact derived inspiration from religionthat it is now available in this com- painting, architecture, s cui p t u l' e, pact and comparatively inexpensive music, literature, artists and authors. The relation of science and religion is form. treated in special articles. It is a great advantage to have under one covel'

BOOKS WORTH READING

everything that one can wish to know gence and patience." The book is about this great Church. The pages complete, detailed and authoritative, are profusely illustrated and there are an indispensable aid to students and 12 fine maps. lovers of music.

Protestants will find here a rich Process and Reality. By Alfred N. Whitestore of valuable material. The wealth head. 546 pp. 8 vo. $4.50. The Macvf statistical information includes millan Company. New York 1929. Protestant churches as well as Roman Catholic. Each Protestant denomina- The author says in his Preface that tion is briefly described and its statis- "these lectures are based upon a retics given. We do not profess to have currence to that phase of philosophic carefully read all of the 1073 closely thought which began with Descartes printed pages of this monumental and ended with Hume. The philowork, but we have read enough to im- sophic scheme which they endeavor to press us not only with the ability and explain is termed the 'Philosophy of scholarship of the writers but with Organism.''' The book will be intertheir evident desire to be fair. We esting to advanced students of phiventure to suggest that the next time losophy and useful in the class rooms a Protestant hears or reads a criticism of graduate schools. The ordinary of some Roman Catholic teaching or reader will probably find it about as policy, he will be wise if he turns to difficult reading as a textbook on this volume and ascertains for himself higher mathematics. The author has just what the authorized position is evidently trained himself to think in on the question concerned. He may terms that relate to abstract ideas, and not agree with it, but he will under- his pages abound in technical words stand it at any rate, and not be de- generously supplied with prefixes and ceived by the wild distortions in the suffixes. He deals with various phases last presidential campaign. of philosophic thought and takes for granted a thorough knowledge of what The New Encyclopredia of Music and Mu- the great philosophers have taught sicians. Edited by Waldo Selden Pratt. from Plato to the present day. Readers C 8 vo. 970 pp. $3. Macmillan. New who have such knowledge will find the York 1929. book both interesting and valuable, This is a new and revised edition of and for them it was doubtless in- tended. Others will find it an intela work that first appeared several lectual struggle; but if they win years ago and that has won such a through, they will be well repaid. large place in the literature of music that a second edition is called for. A Pilgrimage to Palestine. By Harry The editor is universally recognized as Emerson Fosdick. 12 mo. 332 pp. one of the highest living authorities Macmillan. New York. $2.50. on musical matters. He is the musical editor of the Century Dictionary, This famous New York preacher is editor of the American supplement to at his best in this volume. He spent Grove's Dictionary of Music and four months in Egypt, Syria and Musicians, author of a History of Palestine, and he describes what he Music, and of numerous' other works. saw and felt with characteristic beauty This volume is a veritable mine of in- and clarity of diction and with a glow formation. It gives an amazing range of reverent feeling. It is not a mere and variety of facts. So competent a book of travel but a real contribution critic as the musical editorof the New to the literature of the places made York Times says that "this Encyclo- sacred by prophets and apostles and predia contains something about every- by the Lord of Life. He has supplied one and everybody in music; and, what the historical and biographical backis still more important, the means' are ground by identifying the places visitgiven for finding out more if more is ed with the scenes and events with wanted. The work is an extraordinary which they are forever associated, and achievement of scholarship, intelli- he has filled in gaps with a fine and

yet legitimate use of his imagination. The book lists and locates the tribes No other land in the world so teems of the Southern Continent and one is with inspiring associations, and Dr. startled by the number, ten million, Fosdick makes the whole wonderful with no Protestant missionary among pageant move before us, from Mt. them until 1913. Almost inaccessible Sinai to the Palestine of today, in a and absolutely neglected, they have series of graphic and thrilling chap- lived to themselves and in utter igno- ters. This is one of the most readable rance. Driven from the coast by in- and helpful books on Bible lands with coming whites, degraded into slavery, which we are acquainted. A bibliog- and thrust farther and farther back raphy, and indices of subjects, proper into the jungles, they had become names and s c rip t u r a I references haters of the white men who had come render the rich stores of material read- to them only to exploit and enslave.

ily available for future reference. Bitter poverty, crass ignorance, and fearful living conditions exist. Witch Palestine Today and Tomorrow. By John doctors, superstition and spirit wor- Haynes Holmes. 12 mo. 271 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. ship are prevalent. But as we pro- This is "a Gentile's survey of Zion- ceed, we read of the humble but ultiism." He was invited to go to Palestine as the representative of Nathan mately successful formation of lives Straus, the generous benefactor of the Zionist Movement. He was thus able of the tribes among which the first to meet all leaders of the various communities, political and religious alike, mission was started. The book deamong Jews, Arabs, and British. It is upon this intimate experience that his scribes a modern romance of missions, book is based. He writes from the written in an entertaining style, and laying upon the home churches a re- sponsibility for a great field of endeavor among a persecuted and ex- ploited people. W. E. FINLEY.

viewpoint of warm sympathy with lib- Resident Orientals on the American Paci1lo eral Judaism, with whose leaders he Coast. Eliot Grinnell Mears. 646 pp.

is on terms of close fellowship. He is $3. Chicago. 1928. not indifferent to the dangers which beset the path of Zionism, but he be- Discussion of the Oriental problem lieves that, on the whole, it has a uni- in the United States has passed versal significance and that this sig- through three stages, emotional propnificance lies in Zionism's vindication aganda, official investigation and of man's insistence on a spiritual in- scientific stUdy. For many years, both terpretation of life, his belief in the attack and defense were extravatriumph over wrong, good over· evil, gant and undiscriminating. It was claimed that the "Chinese have no and spirit over flesh. souls" and that "no Japanese is either The Indians of South America and the honest or virtuous." On the other Gospel. By Alex. Rattray Hay. 167 hand, many enthusiasticaUy welcomed pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. 1929. an unrestricted immigration of Chi- This is a graphic narrative of the nese and Japanese, either from inter- hardships and struggles of the mis- ested or idealistic motives, hoping sionaries of the Inland South Amer- that the Orientals would contribute ican Indian Union who, in 1913, sought largely to the prosperity of America to reach the Indians of Brazil. It is a and would carry back to their own story of isolation and persecution. lands the blessings of Christian civil- Everything seemed to be against them. ization.

The distance from their kind, the diffi- . Within the last ten years, the emoculty of receiving supplies, the be- tIonal propaganda for and against the trayal by natives, the looming of ap- Orientals and the political exploitation parent impossibilities, and the utter of prejudice against them have largely loneliness are vividly told. subsided. The sociological experts are

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1929

BUILDINGS. TEACHERS AND GRADUATING

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems Christ and His Message are interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Panjabi, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help to supply this much needed Christian literature for Egypt Syria Irak China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa Will you help the Christian missionaries in these countries by sending your gifts through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and Interdenominational Committees on the field?

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson. of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. James Cantine Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Mrs. J. M. Montgomery, c/o the Moslem World, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

MISSIONARY COOPERATION (c) The development of African leader- ship. IN AFRICA (d) Meeting the needs of rural commun- A conference of representatives of the ities. American Mission Boards having work in Africa, was held July 7th to 9th at and In connection with this the study of the Hotel Gramatan in Bronxville, New educational policy of governments and oDr r the York, to discuss with the representatives rf'lation between the educational policy misfrom Great Britain and the Continental siolls and thnt of governments. Mission Boards, the possibility of de- 3. The development of a health program for veloping a larger degree of missionary Afri('ull missions with special reference to— cooperation in the African continent. The conference was attended by forty- (n) A comprehensive program for use in four people, eight representing Great schools. Brita.in and four from missionary societies on the continent and the discus- (b) Cooperation with governments in atsions were directed toward a discovery tack on disease. of lines of missionary endeavor which ought to be most earnestly pushed dur- (c) The creation of an African health ing the next five years and which would staff of doctors, medical assistants, prove most fruitful if carried out co- dressers and nurses. operatively. A program .based .upon these discussions was later adopted by 4, Furtherance of tbe work of the Christian the International Missionary Council at Li te-ra ture Committee for Africa. Williamstown as follows: 5. Cooperation with other agencies in the 1. Exploration of the best means of further- t'ndeavor to understand, conserve and develop ing and realizing the evangelistic alms of the what is valuable in African cultures and in~ Christian missions in Africa. stitutions.

2. The development of a program of Chris- 6. 'I'he occupation of the field and the avoidtian education in Africa as a means of realiZ- ance of overlapoping. ing this missionary purpose, with special reference t~ 7. rrhe encouragement and development of Christian Councils in the Continent of Africa (a) 'I'he improvement of religious educa- and the cooperation with existing Councils. tion, 8. approach to governments where neces- (b) 'Jlhe Christianization of Africa's wom- sary, in regard to questions involving the rela- anhood and home life. tions of missions and governments.

9. 'I'he bringing to bear of Christian in- fluence for the establishment of right racial relations, and cooperation for this purpose with the proposed Industrial Institute.

10. Prayer for the raiSing up of men and wonll'l1 {If outstanding Jit'ifts for positions of (,llristinn l{}udtlrship in Africa and support for efforts in di1ferent countries to secure for African missionaries the best possible equip- men t for their tusk.

Please mention 'l'IIJil MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to auvertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS September, 1929 Page FRONTISPIECE-A Korean Christian Faculty and Students.

DOES JAPAN DESIRE MISSIONARIES? .. , .. ,"',.,',." .. , .. , .•…. ,DANJO EBINA 661 The PreBfdent oj Doahisha Uni1icrs1tlf gires the Japanese 'viewpoint of the missionarY Mtu6tion·.

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCII, .•..••……..•.••..•.•…..•…•.••…••.•••••.••.••••••..•••• ESTHER S'l'RONG 665 The story 01 the important m et'ting 01 the Committee oj the I. M. C. a,na 1ts meaning Jor 'World-wide evangelism.

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN •…..•………•….•….. L. T, NEWLAND 669 The rela·tion of the economic situation among the KOrl'UnB U8 1t ajJects the progresR oJ Christianity and sclJ-ffupport in tlte Christian Ohurch.

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN …………•………….. , .. HElmy LOOMIS 673 The story 01 carlll missionary da.ys in the Sunrise Kinudom and sonie remarkable 'Ways in which the Gospel gain-ed a foothold.

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARy ……. , ………. A. E. ARMSTRONG 676 A brief sketch and apprecia.tion of the secrrtcwy of the Formon Mission Board of the Presbyterian Ohurch of Canada.

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN CHINA .. " …. , … , .. , .. "……………………. 681 The proposed program 01 the China Ohri8tia.n Oouncil to win 500~OOO Chinese to Christ in the next five years.

ENCOURAGEMEN'l'S IN JAPAN ……….• , ………………. , … PAUL VAN DYKE 684 A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS ,., …… , ……..•…….•..• WILLIAM R. KIIw 685 The program for acn admmce 1Jwvement ill. home missions told by the secretary of the H01'Ile Missions Council.

A CONTRAST IN CO:s'DITIONS IN CHINA .. , …. " . ' , " , ' , . " . " GEORGE A, HUNTLEY 689 The rema'rkabTe record 0/ cha,nueB in a. century and' a QU(Jrtcr of Christian missions in Ohina.

INDIA AND ITS FUTURE ., .. , .. , …… ' , " , " ' , " , . " .. " , . , ' ,E. STANLEY JONES 697 DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE NEAR EAST RELIEF …..•.• DOROTHY P. CUSHING 699 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ",., .. "."""."",."."" .. """,.""",."""". 703 lIIETHODS FOR WORKERS …………. , ' , " " " , . , " EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 70~ WO~{AN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN, , . "" ,. , , ,. , , ,EDITED BY FORE/WE E. QUINr,AN 711 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. , ……. , .. , .EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS 714 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK.,., …….. , … ", …… ,. , .. "." …… , … ,.". 717 BOOKS WORTH READING …………… " .. " ..

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, PreB/dent WM. I. CHAMBIIlRLAIN, Vice-PreB/dent DELA.VAN L. PIERSON, fJeorettllT'Y PulYUcation Office, 3d & Reily St8" Harrisburg, WALTER McDouGAJ.. r.. , Trea.aurer Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 1~6 Fifth Avenue. New York City Entered a. second·cIa.s matter at the Post OfHce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879. OBITUARY MARY ANABLE CHAMBERLAIN, the be- 1_· loved wife of Rev. William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., Secretary of the Board of LET YOUR GIFT Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America, died at Saranac Lake to Foreign Missions on July 25th after a prolonged i11ness. Mrs. Chamberlain was, for some years, PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME a missionary with her husband in India where a daughter is now laboring. You can make a generous gift to foreign mig… sions and have a needed income for yourself ** and others from the money you give by the REV. WILLIAM R. PATTERSON, Ph.D., Annuity Gift Plan who served from 1916 to 1923 on the Board of Home Missions, and later set This plan relieves you of uncertainty and up the Central Receiving Agency under worry caused by changing values of invested the New Era Movement of the Presby- funds and assures you a fixed income of terian Church, recently died in St. Louis. He had remarkable ability as a promoter 4i% to 9% per year of the church's work. He was born in Cedar Falls, Iowa, September 14, 1868. for the rest of your life PERSONALS A reserve fund of over .$1.500,000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. ALTON L. MILLER, Ph. D., recently elected President of the Northern Baptist Protect yourself against Joss through Convention, is Vice-President of the Bos- unwise investments and at the same time ton Bethel City Mission Society and last help send the gospel to all the world. year was made President of the Boston Social Union. For full information write *** Erne" F. Holl, Secretor)" Dept. 01 Annuities DR. JAMES EDGAR GREGG, Principal of BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Hampton Institute, has resigned after a 156 Fifth Avenue. Ne.. York service of eleven years, a period during which the Institute has made marked ad- vance. The achievements of his admin- istration include the creation of the col- HoUl to Celebrate Pentecost lege; the establishment and endowment Experience Pentecost of the Builders' course; the establish- ment of the Library School; the enlarge- ment of the library building and the erection of a group of other important buildings; the increase of the teaching Read "A Modern Pentecost"

staff and a better organization of its ad- or "Power from on High"

ministrative functions. Dr. George P. Wonderful story of great Moravian Revival resulting in conversion of John and Charles Phenix has been appointed acting prin- W..sley. the birth of Methodism and Modern. cipal. . Foreign Missions and the largest contribu- tion of standard hymns in Church history. *** Book just published; 96 pages, 35 cents each; three for $1.00 postpaid. MISS MARY PRESTON, general secretary of the Hartford Y. W. C. A. for five " …. 'Power from on High' is a small book, but is years and at present secretary of the Na- full of fire. One yearns, as one reads it, for the tional Board, has been elected secretary fullness of the spirit." of the Commission on Missions in the Congregational Church in the field of pro- –Record of Chnsitan ~i'ork. Northfield, Mass. motion. " …. 'Power from on High' has been a very goreat * inspiration to me, and I wish it could be in the hands of every minister in a11 our churches.lI REV. .JAMES F. RIGGS, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Little Falls, New -Dr. Charles L. Goodell, New York City York, has been elected a director in the Department of Education and Publicity, '…. I so delight in your book, ; Power from on of the Presbyterian Board of National High.' Is it possible to get it circulated in this Missions. Throughout his various pastor- country?"-Dr. F. B. Meyer, London, England. ates Mr. Riggs has been particularly successful as director of missionary educa- Addre.. the. Author, tion in both the presbytery and the synod. He is a grandson of the late Dr. Elias REV. JOHN GREENFIELD Riggs of Turkey and members of his family are now serving in China, Syria, WARSAW INDIANA Egypt, Africa and Turkey.

Please mention THE lIISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. 'J.'HE PJERSON MEMORIAL BIBl,E SCHOOL, SEOUl., KORE'~ 1929 J'ir8t Row, (Lelt to Riuht) .. MR. SUNG KON CnOl, Secretary d Bnglisll. Teacher" (Preshyterian); It:EV. IN YOUNG KIM, (8. Methodist), Old ~Pc8ta.ment Subjects.

Second Row: REV. CHONG SOOK HONG. (8. Methodist). Homoletics; REV. CHUNG No LEE, DeanJ (Presybterian); REV. ,V. J. ANDERSON , PrincJipaZ ..· REV. TONG OK L&JC, (N. MethodIst), New Testament,: R1!lv. PIL SOON ClIUN, (Presbyterian), New Testament.

'1' hird Raw; MR. SUN TOKU, ltfu.~ic.; 8ANG SOON KIM; REV. OR HYEN KIM, (Presbyterian), Life of Christ and Church History; CHOON BUM P ..n:; RE'~. ¥UNG 'l'AIK CHUN, Ohh"ese and Cam.position.

Fourth Row: IN TAlK CnUN; SUNG NOK P …K; KANG eHAI LEE; Kut CHUN KIM; TAl YVH Cn.{.

Fifth Row: PONG KIl N CliO ; SOD All CHUN; Hu] KOOK AN; CHA] YU:s' hI.

LII, No.9 September

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES?

BY PRESIDENT DANJO EBINA, Kyoto, Japan President oj DQ8hisha University A CHRISTIAN does not essen- fected by national and racial tially belong to anyone coun- feelings, that in their programs try or nation, but is a citizen they frequently forget to remem- of the world, inasmuch as Chris- ber Christ and His teachings. In tianity is not a national religion mission work, for example, the but is truly universal. Just as a words "American" and "English"

Christian belongs to the world, so ought not be made so important as Christianity belongs exclusively to the fact that the missions are no one country nor group of coun- Christian missions. As soon as tries. Christ belongs to the world Christians begin to actually think and His spirit should find its way of themselves as members of this to the hearts of all the peoples of world brotherhood, so soon will the world. Before Him all national many of the perplexing problems boundaries and racial differences that confront Christians and Chris- melt away. tianity be solved with greater sat- The living dynamic spirit of God isfying results.

moves this universe, and we who A Christian believes empirically live in it cannot long remain pro- that his religion is superior to all vincial-minded nor self-complacent. others. If not~ he has neither the It is a Christian duty to help es- conviction nor the right to preach; tablish the Kingdom of God in all possessing it, he can enlighten the earth. All men should be mankind, brighten-up its con- brought to know God as their fa- sciousness, broaden its hopes, and ther and to treat all men as broth- in God's name consecrate it.

ers. The Apostle Paul well said, The earlier Christians taught "Woe is me if I -preach not the Gos- the Jews to know God and preached pel." Christians ought to serve the Gospel of Jesus to the Greeks God and their fellow men with and to the Romans. On the one greater faith and devotion, fearing hand, they emphasized the fact that no spiritual nor material self-de- Christianity embodied the best of nial. morals and philosophy. On the Prote,stants in America, Eng- other hand, rejecting untruths, land, and Japan are so strongly af- they did not overlook the good 661

points in the ethics and philoso- religious beliefs. An understand- phies of the heathens. I believe ing missionary, therefore, can do that Christians today must again an immense amount of good in point out and fearlessly and con- emancipating these people from ob- tractively criticize certain mistak- sessions and perplexities. Many a en ethics and philosophies of the missionary's usefulness is meas- pagans and fearlessly preach the ured by his ability to successfully Gospel of Christ. Christian mis- clear up various conflicting ideas sionaries should be faithful to their between theology and science aris- beliefs and preach the Gospel of ing in the minds of enquiring peo- God, no matter what the sacrifice ples.

or pel"secution they may suffer Third, a missionary should pos- from doing so. sess a definite conception of moral Some may say that there are too duties. Foreign missionaries to J a- many missionaries today, that they pan have been especially loved for are too expensive, and even that their kind deeds, honesty, good con- they are unnecessary; if a mission- duct, and virtue. They are, there- ary is noble and capable, there is fore, greatly respected by the danger of his uselessness. Every Japanese people. However, some missionary'can do much good if he missionaries are too narrow- is the right type. They must pos- minded and show hatred for the sess certain qualifications in order pagans. They fear heathen doc- to be qualified to serve God in mis- trines. Sometimes they do not sion fields: seem to be able to overcome their First a missionary must be able spirit of national and racial superi- to reproduce miracles. Peoples in ority and thus hurt the feelings of Japan, Korea, and China, are like other peoples. If missionaries cast hungry people asking for food, cry- away narrow – mindedness and ing out aloud for those who can adopt the spirit of Christ, they will cure them of the terrible diseases win the confidence and respect of from which they suffer. Many re- the peoples with whom they work.

ligions in all parts of the world Many missionaries have converted profess to cure people of their sick- native Japanese to Christianity ness and attribute this power to simply by their faith and person- their respective gods. If mission- ality.

aries say "come and see" and ac- Any missionary who has these tually are able to show the people qualifications is welcomed in all that God still performs miracles parts of the world, even at great today, people will come to believe cost financially. The world needs that God still lives in this world. such missionaries and needs them Such is the first qualification for a very badly. Even though most mis- missionary. sionaries to Japan have had no Second, a missionary must have power of performing miracles and mental ability. People today are no profound knowledge, they have seeking knowledge. They are fac- been conscientious, ethical, and ex- ing such perplexing problems as cellent. That is why they have been that of the reality of God, the dig- so successful. If they had had all nity of personality, and the ulti- three of the qualifications, they mate end of mankind. They study would have been three times as science and become suspicious of successful. Much more complete

DOES JAPAN DESIRE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES

would have been their success had Christians should send out their they also possessed moral leader- missionary ambassadors to the ship. ends of the world to tell their fel- lowmen of Christ and to make this Missionaries are not all well world the Kingdom of God. versed in social problems. Sociology is a relatively new science. "ONE MILLION SOULS CAMPAIGN" Young missionaries today have some knowledge of social problems, IN JAPAN but they are not essentially sociologists. They are specialists in the Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's modern Gospel of Christ and a knowledge prophet, is projecting a "One Million of philosophy, economics, sociology Souls Movement," to bring the Gospel and history is necessary only as to the multitudes, with an appeal for these subjects interpret the teach- decision. He has become convinced by ings of Christ. his efforts for social reconstruction that unless some such great mass Christian missionaries should movement be organized now, the swiftnot differentiate one nation from ly advancing tide of socialism will ovanother, or stress the racial varia- erwhelm the Christian enterprise in tions among men. Before God all Japan and will spell disaster for spiritmen are all alike and each individu- ual idealism. Mr. Kagawa is on fire al is of infinite worth. with passion to make society Christian and he is able to reach and command The Christians of Japan might audiences of enormous size. His hearbear the burden of Christianizing ers at anyone meeting frequently numthe country without foreign assist- ber thousands and hundreds register ance, but how happy and beneficial decision for the Christian life. Devothas been our cooperation with for- ing most of his energies to platform eign missionaries. It has fostered work precludes his giving himself to a fine spirit of Christian brother- the business of writing which provides hood and has broadened the hori- funds for his social service work. His zons of the Japanese. friends feel that he should be dedi- cated to the great national campaign We live in a day when the stress which has as its immediate and ultiin mission work is less upon the mate aim the Christianizing of the sowords "England," "America," and cial order of Japan, and, as one means "Japan." We live in a world neigh- of financing the enterprise, they are borhood that requires a world point securing subscriptions at a dollar each of view in whatever mission work to a magazine published in English we may engage. called The Friends of Jesus, that serves to keep others in touch with the Some may argue that American movement and to reveal the world of Christians and Americans in gen- human need. eral do not reach the standard set by Christ and so are incapable of "I am teaching religion," says Mr. evangelizing others. This is poor Kagawa, "for, unless I do, the social reasoning. Our own churches will movement would be a failure. But my then have no right to carry Christ's religion is not exclusive nor merely of the church. My religion is the religion message to the people because they of Christ in the hearts of men." do not measure up to Christ.

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL COMMITTEE AT THE HAYS'I'ACK MONUMENT, WIlLIAMSTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Von t~:t::I:'~~h~ls~sifan:;DWn,BJ~h~go~I'i~~nfr'i~I~ :.t:;. ~~~~;,t·~. ';~c~ ~A~~r,W:cni:t~~' J~~:kl~: ~~~t , 4jcrOls~~hRfrs.l~~~g:;"Dj. GII~S~~a:~I~~~ Mendoza, Jam e~e~~:J~a~~'lacoe::n~g~&~~;:: Mf"~s~j~~~~~~' ~::k~~~ODr~~~I~ie~e:k!!: R;~e~~. :~!e:i~::·1.p~~~c~7j~~rt~A~Y~~i~e~I~~ iI~~:~n~n.~. BC~~:;~g. A. Ebl1.Awa, K. T. Paul, H. Anet, C. E. WIISOD, D. B. Schneder, Julius RiChter, Miss Pndwlck . E. Braga , F.. Amdahl, R. E. Dllf.ndor!er, V. K.

I~atourette.

WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF

I. M. C.

BY MISS ESTHER STRONG, New York A88iBta.nt Seorctu·ry oj the International llfisB"iorHf,ry Oouncil O N THE campus of Williams missions in Western lands, mis- College, where the monu- sions in industrial areas and race ment stands to commemo- relations, the Christian approach rate the famous Haystack Prayer to the Jews and medical missions. Meeting held in 1806 when the Every delegate went home with a American for e i g n missionary distinctive message for his own special task, a broadened sympathy movement was begun, another his- and outlook, a renewed faith in the toric missionary meeting was held Christian mission and a deepened July 11-21, which may well be re- sense of fellowship in the worldmembered for the renewed empha- wide Christian movement. What sis given to the central evangelistic effect could these two hundred and purpose of all missionary work. fifty delegates have on the wide This was the' meeting of the Com- range of Christian work?

mittee of the International Mis- The Chairman of the Council, sionary Council attended by fifty Dr. John R. Mott, spent the year delegates from the fourteen na- following the Jerusalem meeting, tional missionary conferences in visiting as many of the missions as western lands and the fourteen possible, to confer on their special National Christian Councils on the problems and work. numerous mission fields. Through the fellowship of this group of In making a report of this tour earnest Christian frontiersmen of Dr. Mott said that economically, man y nationalities, races, and Asia is in a very serious condition. Church affiliations, the unity of In India the burden is the heaviest the Christian movement was made in the villages and hunger, ignomanifest. rance, disease, superstition and in- debtedness claim heavy toll of suf- It was a small group but widely fering. In China the civil war has representative and with a definite caused a great economic deprestask to perform. This task was to sion and the famine conditions dereview the progress made since the mand immediate attention. Japan, enlarged meeting of the Council at quite contrary to common belief, is Jerusalem in the spring of 1928 and plan how best to conserve the also suffering economically. The results of the year's work and how earthquake destroyed a p pro x – imately one sixth of the wealth of best to proceed in the years just Japan and the suffering among all ahead. classes is acute. Nationalism is in- tense and spreading, not only be- At the Jerusalem meeting rec- ing more aggressive but having a ommendations were made on a number of topics, including the clearer understanding of its aims Christian message, religious edu- and goal. Although there seems cation, the relations between the to be more misunderstanding of younger and older churches, rural the peoples of Asia about each missions, the support of Christian 665

other than formerly, there is a far ature was available to the average greater will to understand and an man. He invariably found liter- increasing number of constructive ature of a very inadequate type or minds at work. none at all although there was an Dr. Mott reported that the in- abundance of Western literature fluence of Christ is vivid in every of other varieties, especially politi- land he visited in the Orient. An- cal. The Committee of the Inter- ti-religious forces are very strong national Missionary Council was but the Christian movement is on called upon to give a clear lead in the aggressive. The effect of the this matter.

call of the Jerusalem meeting is To the Council was also brought e v ide nt, for it has not only a summons to a larger evangelism.

strengthened the morale but has The Five Years' Movem,ent in given a new sense of direction and China was inspired by Dr. C. Y.

a strong united lead. This is part- Cheng, who was present at Wil- ly due to the influence of the na- liamstown. T his nation-wide tional Christians who were at movement aims to double the Jerusalem and who have inter- church membership in five years preted the meeting to their own and to strengthen the devotion of countrymen. the Chinese Church to Christ.

The situation in the mission Preparations for a similar move- fields clearly indicates a number of ment in Japan, known as the King- tasks which the International Mis- dom of God Movement, is under sionary Council must face, said the guidance of Toyohiko Kagawa.

Dr. Mott. There is great need for These great spiritual awakenings help in educational work, in clari- demand the intelligent cooperation fying the conception of religious and constant prayers of all Chris- education and its relation to gov- tians.

ernment education. The National As at Jerusalem, the subject of Christian Council of India, the pro- the Christian message was one vincial councils and the educational that received most careful consid- institutions sent a special request eration. Mr. J. H. Oldham opened for a commission to be sent to In- the discussion with so stirring an dia to study the situation and give address that the Committee re- advice. It is hoped that such a quested it to be printed in full for commission will be sent in 1930-31. wide circulation. Repeating the Less vocal but no less urgent was Jerusalem meeting warning Mr.

the need in Japan for such a com- Oldham said that secularism is the mission. greatest foe of Christianity today.

The problem is a matter that In the West the skepticism and holds a foremost place in Dr. agnosticism which dominated the Mott's thought. He visited more thinking of a few leaders a century rural areas than he had before ago is openly taught in schools been able to visit and saw their in- and colleges and is permeating the tense need. thinking of the masses, who in The lack of Christian literature consequence, are losing not only is another major concern and in their religion and moral restraints various places Dr. Mott visited but all sense of purposeful living.

book stalls to find out how much In the Orient the ancient religions and what kind of Christian liter- are crumbling before the on-rush

THE WILLIAMSTOWN MEETING OF THE I. M. C

of western civilization. The Orien- the world, and we must pray that tals are at the cross roads. Lack- God will raise up more Christian ing the Christian heritage they are thinkers of the first quality. We confronted with the choice between must put before them the demands a secular or a Christian interpreta- of the present world situation and tion of this scientific age. The de- appeal to them to take a larger, cision is a critical one. The mis- more active and more direct part sionary forces, so limited in re- in the world task of the Church sources and numbers, can only and devote their talents and their hope to influence a fraction of the genius to helping the Church in situation, but they can and must meeting the world-wide challenge call on Christian leaders and lay- of secular civilization."

men to face the situation and to While Mr. Oldham has been giv- work each in his own sphere. ing some time to work such as he "We do not want to make mere- outlined in his speech, his major ly the traditional missionary ap- time and thought since the J erusa- peal," Mr. Oldham said, "we do not lem meeting has been devoted to want to ask primarily for support Africa. One of the practical re- of the organized missionary move- suIts of this meeting was the ap- ment. Our 'appeal is wider than pointment of Mr. Oldham and that. We want to say to them, Miss Gibson to carry out the care- 'This, as we understand it, is the fully defined program of work in world situation with which Chris- Africa which was based upon the tianity is faced. How, in your recommendations of a group of own distinctive sphere, can you boa r d secretaries interested in help to meet it?' We want to say Africa who met for three days in for example to a group of school- Bronxville, New York, just previ- masters, 'You are engaged in train- ous to the Williamstown Meeting.

ing the youth of the nation. How Mr. William Paton presented to far is what you are doing directed the Council the progress made to- towards the development of per- ward the founding of a department sons who are equipped to help the of the International Missionary Christian cause in the world of to- Council to undertake social and in- day?' That is a much more fun- dustrial research to help mission damental and far-reaching ques- workers in the problems which tion than the obtaining of in- arise from the spread of industrial- creased support for the organized ism-such as the problem of forced missionary movement. If a right labor in Africa. This department solution of it is found, a solution of will be established at Geneva with the other question will be found one secretary to travel as a con- also. The approach to 0 the r sultant, and the other secretary to groups would be on similar lines; head the work at Geneva. It was "A beginning in the approach voted to submit the detailed plans to Christian scholars and theo- to the constitutent national con- logians has been made in Great ferences for vote and it is hoped Britain in a conference held in that before another meeting of the York. This needs to be followed Council this project will be well up in all countries. We must en- launched.

deavor to get into touch with the The problem of rural missions best Christian minds throughout was opened by Mr. K. T. Paul of

India and Dr. Loram of South claimed the right to change her Africa gave a vivid account of the faith under the new Egyptian gov- excellent results of Dr. Butter- ernment which guaranteed com- field's visit to South Africa. The plete liberty of conscience. To officers were authorized to secure everybody's surprise she was in- the services of Dr. Butterfield for formed that the constitution could the next two years to visit China not over-ride the law of Islam and and India and commissioned them that the religious law placed her to raise funds for this purpose. under the guardianship of a near The special appointment of Mr. male relative. A you n g man Basil Mathews was also authorized claimed the guardianship and the with the hope that he may give all woman was arrested by the police of his time to the presentation of and forcibly handed over to the foreign missions to youth. guardian. The case was taken in- The officers of the Council were to the Religious Courts but at once also asked to secure a secretary to a difficulty appeared as no Chris- develop the department for the tian lawyer is allowed to plead in work among Jews. An Interna- the Moslem Religious Courts. A tional Committee to carry forward Moslem lawyer had to be employed these plans was appointed, the to defend the girl and the case was American members of which are: lost as it was judged not by the Dr. J. S. Conning, Bishop Thomas constitution of the country but by Nicholson, Canon S. Gould and the archaic laws of the early days Rev. Henry Einspruch. of Islamic domination. It was Mr. W. W. Cash made a state- pointed out that a woman is con- ment on the missionary work in sidered as a minor until she had the Near East, particularly in re- attained the age of sixty and that lation to the question of Religious she is not free to change her faith liberty in Moslem lands. He said until after having passed that age.

that Islam is based upon a theo- Another law forbids any Moslem cratic idea of government through at any age to transfer his religious which the state and the Church are alliance from Islam to any other one. Islam itself has divided the religion. While man y Moslem world into two parts, the half of lands are proclaiming their boasted peace in which all true Moham- new nationality and modern pro- medans were members and the gressive constitution they are still half of war which included all dominated by the old reactionary other peoples. Islam has domi- orthodox religious leaders.

nated all social, economic and po- The officers of the International litical life. There is therefore a Missionary Council were asked to clash between orthodox Islam and watch the situation in Moslem nationality on the one hand and Lands and to bring pressure to the constitution of an Islamic form bear through publicity or otber of government and modern demo- means to better this situation.

cratic constitution on the other One of the major problems fac- hand. In Egypt recently the ques- ing missions today is that of re- tion of religious liberty has been ligious freedom in state systems of brought accutely to the fore. education. Many countries like A woman of twenty years of age Turkey and China are formulating had become a Christian and had new national systems of education

THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN

and a strong and unified position question of evangelism and the should be taken by Christian mis- great evangelistic movements of sionary forces. In mandated areas China and Japan. Dr. Cheng told governments are also feeling their about the Five Year Movement and his hopes for a great spiritual reway in relation to the problem of vival. He asked especially for native education. If missions at prayers for the success of the this time will take a firm and movement, the prayers not merely united stand on fundamental prin- of the Board Secretaries but of the ciples it will undoubtedly have a hom e constituencies. A second great influence on government pol- great need is for missionaries who icy. It was agreed that the Inter- will give their whole lives to the national Missionary Council should service of China, as well as for extake steps to unify Christian think- perts who will go out for short peing on this point. The relation be- riods to deal with specific probtween education and evangelism lems. There is need also of help must also be carefully thought fro m Western churches in the through. Education cannot be de- financial needs of the Five Year veloped as a thing apart for it is an Movement. integral part of the evangelistic purpose. Some of the practical Nationals of In d i a, China, suggestions of the Religious Edu- Japan, Brazil and Siam, also voiced cation report were: 1. The prep- urgent calls for more missionaries aration of manuals for other areas and it was agreed that a presentalike Mr. Dougall's manual for tion of these needs should be made Africa. 2. A study of the new to churches in Western lands. educational policies in mandated areas, many of which have been Special stu die s were recom~ profoundedly influenced by Dr. mended in relation to the develop~ ment of self-support, and in the Thomas Jesse Jones's reports on problem of the propagation and Africa. 3. Visits to the field by maintenance of churches with experts in religious education. simple and less expensive forms of organization, and in the develop- The discussion of the church ment of Christian leadership. centered around the fundamental THE CHURCH AND POVERTY IN CHOSEN BY REV. L. T. NEWLAND, Kwang-ju, Korea SOME of the greatest problems ment in many directions; extreme in Korea are due to the gener- poverty leads to disease. Even the al poverty. According to gov- more fertile parts of the country ernment reports about 910 of the are sometimes the most poverty people of Chosen, or about 16,000,- stricken. 000, are in dire poverty and of The explanation of this is inthese 2 % or 3,500,000 are in the volved and concerns the Japanese, the rich Koreans and the people as beggar class. Poverty hinders self a whole. There are now immense support in the churches; poverty Japanese holdings that once beprevents young men and women longed to the Koreans and hunfrom obtaining an education ; pov- dreds of Japanese small farmers erty limits expansion and improve-

are taking the land and the place wrested from a stony creek bed, of Koreans, for the man from Ja- tiny rice fields. They went up on pan can farm more than a Korean. the mountain and farmed land that was so steep that it was almost The rich Korean who lives in the perpendicular. Even this did not cities, and sucks up the small farm- provide enough land to go around; er as a whale sucks up minnows, but still they were able to make a is a growing burden on the econom- bare living. ic life of the nation. While they themselves are rich the paradox These mountains and this valholds that they, like the great land- ley, every inch of them, belong to lords of ancient Rome, have a large two large Japanese corporations part in the poverty of their people. but for years they have rented the land out to the people of this vil- The people as a whole are not lage. Last year there was a change free from blame for their poverty, of overseers and the new man for with an open handed disrespect proved to be anti-Christian and had for the value of money and a de- several concubines all of a queslightful disregard for debts they tionable class. He put woman numcombine an indolence and an un- ber three in a house just below the progressiveness that have left them church building and this sinfar behind. It is true that the steeped social outcast felt keenly rainy season saps their vitality and the scorn of the clean Christian the winters are so mild that they women and the reproach of the litdo not build it back. The very in- tle church that threw an accusing ertia of the farmer has done much shadow across her yard. No soonto strip him of his property and er had she landed than she began his pride. to pull wires with her so called hus- band and by last fall she had pre- Let one example illustrate some vailed on him to take away all the of the underlying reasons for Ko- land from the Christians and give rea's poverty. I have just been to it to her people. This Christian a little church tucked away in the village was thus deprived of every mountains that is so poor that one bit of land they farmed, all rights is depressed to look at the miser- to cut wood and grass on the mounable way in which the people live. tain for fuel and even their little turnip patches and garden spots. Years ago this community made a fair living by growing tobacco A local pastor told me that an on the steep mountainsides. Then average of ten beggars came to his the government, apparently in fa- house each day, While the market vor of the tobacco monoply in place swarms with dirty half naked which it owns large stock, decreed beggar children. Some of these are that no tobacco should be raised in beggars from choice but most of this province. This cut off produc- them have been forced into this tion and raised the price of the fin- life by the economic pressure of ished article. With one stroke of this part of Korea. the pen the livelihood of a whole Under such handicaps and facvillage was swept away and there ing such conditions we are trying was no attempt made to teach the to build a self-supporting, self-repeople how to grow something else specting native church. Our work as a money crop. is almost entirely among the poor The people turned to the narrow valley at their feet and patiently

for they are ready for the Gospel ual revolution which is necessary and the message of Christ who before there is any hope of a ma- was reared in poverty is especially terial gain. The poverty of Korea for the poor. He casts the only is tied to anti-Christian practices ray of light over their economical far more tightly than the people night for He can make them rich themselves know. Superstition and exchange their rags for a means lack of progress and yet a king's robe. religion of superstition fills the life It is hard to ask these poor farm- of the average non-Christian. ers to contribute anything to the Business methods and business church causes for not only have honesty have been well nigh dethey not enough to support their stroyed by the religion of the land family but the most of them are that asked for only a formal obalso burdened with a slowly in- servance and made absolutely no creasing load of debt. Yet perhaps claim upon a man's actions. There is no use to introduce business rethe strength on the Korean native forms and better farming methods church lies in the fact that from so long as people as a whole do not the beginning they have been grasp that the only foundation uptaught a sturdy independence and on which business success can be the value of supporting their own built is a moral basis. work An average of $5.00 per Preaching and teaching of the year in gifts toward the support of the church causes shows how Gospel of Christ is the most urgent loyally the Christians of this part work that confronts the church toof the country stand behind the day. The Christian life as shown church. forth by social workers in all lines of service is needful and the church Does the development of the must not forget to live as well as church life in this land require that preach but unless the man of Kowe give less attention to preaching rea can understand the inner mothe Gospel and put our main effort tive of the Christian life he will into social Christianity? Quite pos- grasp for the fruit and disregard sibly the majority of the young the root. church members would answer with an enthusiastic, yes! The church must not have her eyes distracted from her supreme But the problem cannot be thus business. She will cure Korea's easily solved. The church is social and financial ills far quicker charged with caring for the whole by diagnosing the hidden troubles life of the people. The Christians than by applying a healing lotion should be better farmers, mer- to the ugly eruptions on the surchants, bankers and coolies than face. their non-Christian brothers. Only The church seems scarcely awake Christ's teachings will change the to the fact that there is an economsocial and business customs that ic urgency to her message as well are at the root of much of the pres- as a spiritual. The root trouble ent trouble. The Korean must be with Korea's financial and social remade spiritually before he can wrongs lies, not in the incapacity hope for financial independence. and backwardness of the people, The real solution of this problem but is found in their moral and will be found in a moral and spirit- spiritual inability.

IMPORTANT KOREAN

T HE Korean Government Gen- public schools. Slightly less than eral recently enunciated two 30 per cent. of Korean children of important ref 0 r m s that school age attend any school even should greatly benefit the peasants, including those attending the old- especially the tenant farmers. style Chinese classical schools. To The credit situation in Korea remedy this situation the govern- works severe hardships on the ment proposes to establish an ele- farmers; the recent survey of mentary school of two or more rural conditions made for the In- grades in every township that now ternational Missionary Council lacks one. It is intended that the found that interest rates ran as curriculum of the schools shall be high as 60 per cent. Private ef- made more practical. Care is beforts to remedy this evil have been ing taken in the curriculum "to inadequate. A M 0 n e y Saving free the country from the evil of a Guild was formed from which bookish education such as that members could borrow at not clutching the homeland," as the ofabove 18 per cent, but this was no ficial announcement puts it. Man- assistance to the tenant without se- ual work, handcraft, and gardencurity and, as a result, thousands ing are to be among the subjects lived in practical slavery to the taught along with the three R's and the Japanese and Korean lanmoney lender. guages. Field supervision of ex- The Government General has isting schools is also to be in- now organized "Farmers' Cooper- ative Credit Guilds," each of which creased and normal schools will be will be made up of 30 families, not improved to take care of the demembers of the Money Saving mand for more teachers."

Guild. Through this cooperative CHURCH UNION IN KOREA credit guide, peasants may borrow 20 yen to 50 yen at an interest The two American branches of charge of only 12 per cent. a year. the Methodist Church in Korea The proceeds of the loan must be have sent urgent appeals for per- use d for productive purposes, mission to unite organically and either in agricultural pursuits or yet to maintain relationship to some subsidiary industry. their respective mother churches.

This is a very important reform. The General Conference of the If it operates successfully, the Northern Church has granted this earnings of the capital fund can be petition and appointed a commis- used to expand the system to the sion to act with similar ones from extent of the demand without ad- the Methodist Episcopal Church, ditional expenditure of capital by South, and the Korean Conferthe Government General and one ences. of the greatest handicaps to the fo);o;! ~~ ~~~~~~t:~gtt~C~~~vte~a~g~~~e~':f°~:s economic progress of the Korean tenant will be removed. diti()ns by the Internati()nal Missionary Coun- The second reform relates to ~~l~ i::dfuat~eo~Ys~Ci~r~~dU~lt;~'U~R~S~:~chf education. Barely half of the While in Korea he was asked for suggestions Korean townships, and less than by the Government and bad numerous confer.

six per cent. of the villages, have s~i~~ a~~t~th!~eoffi~i~1:ri~or~11~tirt~e !!:t~~! f~~~~o~~~':f p~~~nl~t ~~~:e~~~!sf:3:ctiC"1 ellnca· 672

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN-

I NA band of some one hundred On being questioned as to what and twenty Chinese lads sent he would do if he were released, to America to be educated in Choy's reply was that he would go the year 1873 was one Choy Ting back and fight again. He was de- Kan. This lad spent nine years in tained as a prisoner of war and the United States, graduating at brought to Hiroshima in Japan, the head of his class from the high and there met Mr. Henry Loomis, school of New Britain, Connecticut. who was bringing spiritual help On his return to China, he won the and comfort to the soldiers going confidence and good will of the to the front, to the wounded in the famous statesman, Li Hung Chang, various hospitals, and to the Chi- and was appointed an instructor in nese prisoners who were kept at a the Naval Academy at Tientsin. Buddhist temple about a mile from When the war broke out with Ja- the city.

pan, he was appointed to the com- Captain Choy was given the mand of one of the torpedo boats, Christian Scriptures and other re- and at the battle of Yalu so dis- ligious books, and was enabled to tinguished himself for bravery and make a thorough study of Chris- resourcefulness that he was at once tianity and come to saving faith in promoted to the command of the Jesus Christ.

torpedo fleet at Wei-hai-wei under In course of time he was trans- Admiral Ting. ferred to Osaka, where Mr. Loom- In the course of the naval war is found him in a state of the the admiral determined to send, deepest dejection. The time for the first of all, the torpedo boats close of the war and an exchange against the Japanese fleet. So, in of prisoners was drawing nigh, and company with the other torpedo the news had come to him through boats, Captain Choy ran out of the an English friend in China that he harbor and attempted to sink a was accused of being a traitor and man 0' war; but failing in this, of having led the torpedo fleet in and seeing his return rendered im- deserting Admiral Ting, and that possible by a maneouvre of one of an order had been issued for him the enemy's cruisers, he fled to- to be beheaded the moment he fell ward Chefoo, and being pursued by into Chinese hands. Consequently a larger and swifter vessel, he ran Choy saw that his only hope lay in his boat aground and he and his securing a release that would en- crew flung themselves into the icy able him to remain in Japan, or water and made for the shore. The escape to some other country. This survivors were few, but among led him to pray earnestly that Mr.

them Captain Choy found himself Loomis might be sent to him in his clinging to the edge of the shore hour of need. It was with great ice but unable to lift himself out joy that he welcomed his friend as of the water. At this juncture a a direct answer to prayer.

Japanese soldier, attracted to the Mr. Loomis's presentation of the spot, drew him out. case was listened to very sympa- of • This interesting story was written by the thetically at the Japanese war of- l:li:'leR~~;'i!.~n~;, ~~~::,~~, agent the American fice, and after some delay, word 673 2

came that he would be released on fess I love the Book dearly. The condition that Mr. Loomis would one you gave me at Hiroshima is take charge of him. Consequently my constant guide and companion, this young Chinese officer of and the spare spaces in it are bestrength and promise found him- ing filled with marks and notes so self an inmate of a Christian home, that if you come to Formosa, you the influence of which upon his own will see it buoyed and beaconed heart and life he refers to over and with red and blue ink with Chinese over again in letters written to his and English notes and other pribenefactor. vate helps to the digestion of the Bread of Life. From Yokohama Captain Choy went to Formosa, where he re- "My estimate of the worth of the ceived an appointment under the book is the lifting power it pos- Japanese Government as inter- sesses: how far it is able to make preter in the Commissariat Depart- men good, noble and happy, how ment. Here he identified himself high it can elevate us from the with Christians, became a very beasts and brutes and makes us earnest lay worker, and was so true men. In no other book, ancient blessed in this labor of love that or modern, heathen or Christian, he determined to devote himself en- are such standards set forth as in tirely to Christian work. the Bible. It does not only refine our nature and carry us to a loftier The following extract from one sphere, but it makes us sons and of his letters shows something of daughters of God, and heirs to a the calibre and spirit of the man: throne more glorious than earthly "I know you have been asking all kings in the height of their ambithe time, What is your spiritual ex- tion ever dreamed of. perience? What is your relation to the Lord of Glory? I have been "Another standard of the worth happy without anxiety, for I know of the Book is its power of inducthat He careth for me. It is my ing thought. A book is not necesexperience that to be a Christian sarily valuable because it contains is to be happy. To know that certain facts; but it is valuable and Christ is ours, which means that precious because its perusal will everything else is ours and yet to stimulate thoughts in us. It will be fret and to be anxious, to wear a valuable in proportion to its power wrinkled face and a knitted brow, of setting our own minds in active a drooping head and a heavy heart, motion. Some books, though interand to make the cross of Christ a esting on first reading, will appear heavy burden seems to me highly distasteful on a second perusal; profane. We should show others but the Bible is inexhaustible in the light, the joy, the hope and the depth, and even after repeated bright prospects of a Christian life. readings new thoughts will rise and present themselves. The closer "Christianity is not a philosophy, not a fiction, not a superstition, but we examine the more there is in it. a living and practical faith. There- It is really a world-a world of fore I am always happy as possess- thoughts, a world of joy, a world ing Him who supplies and satisfies of blessed promises." every want. In course of time, the captain "In obedience to your good ad- found his way back to Hongkong; vice I read the Bible daily. I con- and finally, under the influence of

A ROMANCE OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN

Li Hung Chang, was repatriated "You have mentioned Joseph in and was eventually found identified your letter, but 1 have tried for with the reform movement. years to soothe myself with the After the death of his wife and thought of Job. It is vain to ex- two children from plague in 1903 pect happiness on earth. Religion Mr. Choy dropped all correspond- is a moral exercise and an educa- ence with his old friend and for tion of the soul. It is a force for some nine years was lost sight of the upbuilding of character. It altogether. But, one day in 1912, does not necessarily bring with it Mr. Loomis, at the home of the human happiness; it only enables American Consul Generij.l at Y0- to bear with fortitude the trials of kohama, overheard a correspondent life. It was wrong to expect that of the Associated Press from China religion could make us truly happy using the name of Tsai (Pekinese in the earthly sense, or that God for Choy) Ting Kan, and speaking could exempt us from the physical of him as the right hand man of laws of nature through our Yuan Shi Kai, President of the prayers. God does not bribe us in- Chinese Republic, who had loyally to belief by promises of bliss. God stood by Yuan in the darkest hours, is a moral being, and we know him and played no small part in bring- best who receive Him with philo- ing order out of confusion during sophic calm through the channel of those troublous days. Further in- faith, which begets knowledge and quiry revealed the fact that this wisdom to guide our thoughts and was none other than Captain Choy, acts, and lift us above the idea of now raised to the rank of admiral sorrow or joy.

and private secretary and confiden- "Years of brooding thought and tial adviser to the President. A bitter trials have indelibly burned renewal of correspondence led to these convictions into my mind. If, the cementing of the old ties of then, my interpretation of the re- friendship. The following extracts lation between the finite and the from a recent letter throw a flood infinite differs from that of yours, of light upon Choy's experiences 1 ask for leniency and Christian during the period of silence. "The charity."

death of my wife and two sons Soon after the reception of this crushed all faith out of me, and letter an invitation came from the for years 1 have been a sceptic. It admiral for Mr. and Mrs. Loomis was my determination never to to visit him in Peking, every ex- write to you again if 1 had to say pense of travel and entertainment 'I deny God.' For years a blank- being provided. Accepting, Mr. and ness reigned in my dismal soul. Mrs. Loomis, on reaching Peking Only glimmering rays occasionally found their friend Choy Ting Kan lighted up its dark and chilly cham- in earnestness and singleness of bers. For years I kept a studied heart doing a great work as the silence. Your affectionate letters head of the Salt Gabele, or Bureau, were read and re-read. Often I and in helping guide the state took up my pen to write to you, but through the troubled waters of the the mental struggle always ended present crisis; and, best of all, with the resolution not to break they had the testimony from his your heart by confessing that 1 own lips that his faith in God was deny God. daily growing stronger.

P. MACKAY-A

SECRETARY BY REV. A. E. ARMSTRONG, D.D., Toronto, Canada Secretary Qf the United Ohu,rch oj Canada Board of Foreign Mi8sio"n~ I N 1892 Robert P. MacKay was a charter member of the Confer- appointed by the General As- ence of Foreign Mission Boards sembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada as its first Sec- and only five now survive who atretary of Foreign Missions and for tended the first meeting in 1893thirty-four years he gave conse- Robert E. Speer, W. Henry Grant, crated leadership to the cause of Oliver R. Avison, John R. Mott and J. Campbell White. Dr. MacKay's first statement to that conference thirty~six years ago-"If we could get the ministers of our churches interested, the congregations will be"-was indicative of his efforts for the extension of the Master's Kingdom. He lived for the spread of the Gospel, and he saw clearly that if the minister has the mis- sionary passion, the people will fol- low his leadership.

Dr. MacKay evinced his keen in- terest in the cause of missionary ROBERT P. MACKAY education by helping in 1902 to or- ganize the Young People's Missionworld evangelization, retiring in ary Movement (now the Mission- 1926. His service was marked by ary Education Movement). at sound judgment, sympathetic un- Silver Bay, New York, and by prederstanding, even temperament siding for many years over one of and lofty principles. In his trans- the annual summer conferences of lation The United Church of Cana- that movement at Whitby, Ontario. da and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America have Two characteristics were very lost one of their most gifted, de- marked in Dr. MacKay'S life and voted and beloved leaders. He was work. (1) He was a man of prayer. Much of his reading-and he read many books on many subjects- consisted of volumes on prayer, mysticism and the devotional life. Next to his Bible, which he knew very intimately, he loved literatUre on communion with the Eternal, and on the cultivation of the spir- itual life. He actually lived "the life which flows from prayer and from which prayer flows."

(2) He was a good letter writer.

676

ROBERT P. MACKAY-A SAINTLY SECRETARY

Dr. MacKay never allowed his pen sonality of George Paxton Young, to be supplanted by the lazier meth- Professor of Philosophy in the od of dictation. That is to say, his University of Toronto, whose rocontinual use of his pen enabled bust character and brilliant teachhim, even in dictation, to incorpo- ing made an abiding impression rate into typed letters those human upon the young student. Dr. Macand personal touches which led Kay was a thorough student and many, including scores of foreign was for many years examiner in missionaries, to treasure his com- Church History in his beloved Alma munications because of their sym- Mater, Knox College, Toronto. In pathy, insight and cheer. 1900 he was honored with the de- gree of D.D. by Knox College of Dr. MacKay lived simply. He whose Senate he was a useful memindulged in no expensive tastes, ber for about thirty years. In 1911 and being alone for the last two he was enthusiastically elected decades of his life, he gave gener- Moderator of the General Assemously to worthy enterprises and to bly of the Presbyterian Church in needy people. He bequeathed one- Canada. Of his moderatorship, a quarter of his modest estate to the distinguished minister of the work of Foreign Missions. Visit- church said: "There never was a ing sick friends and those who better Moderator. Quick, alert, were passing through the shadows, never off his guard, nothing ever comforting the lonely and the be- missed him, and he held that large reaved, and sympathizing with the body in a grip that never relaxed unfortunate were so natural to him from the moment of his election that his presence in any company right to the close. Yet such was or home was regarded as a bene- his spirit of kindliness and considdiction. eration that no one could be bad tempered in a meeting over which He was always very human, and he presided, and he made it, in possessed the saving grace of hu- spite of its difficulties, one of the mor much beyond the ordinary. Assemblies most to be remembered His capacity for telling ~ good in the church's history." story, indulging in a witticism or a joke made him popular with a host Dr. MacKay was a warm friend of friends, and his company desired and adviser of the Student Volunon social occasions. teer Movement for Foreign Mis- sions, and was always ready to give The name "MacKay" was com- counsel to young people concerned mon in the Canadian Presbyterian about their life work. He was acministry; twelve of his clan from tive in the formation of the Canathe one congregation of Embro, in dian School of Missions, an the famous township of Zorra, Ox- interdenominational institution for ford County, Ontario, entering the the specialized training of Canaservice of the church during the dian missionaries and missionary ministry of the first pastor, Rev. candidates, and was continuously Donald MacKenzie, who, it may be a member of its Council. He was added, was the means under God also the esteemed President of the of leading some forty young men Toronto Bible College, an honored to devote their lives to the min- member of the Alliance of Reistry of Jesus Christ. formed Churches, and was notable Another potent influence in Dr. MacKay's life was the inspiring per-

in his work as convener of its Com- court his wife passed away leaving mittee on Foreign Missions. him with one child, a daughter whom he gladly gave to foreign Dr. MacKay was devoted to the mission service, as the wife of Rev. promotion of organic union of Andrew Thomson of China. Evangelical Churches, and labored for more than a score of years to Dr. MacKay left his home in Toachieve the consummation of the ronto on Saturday, the 25th of last union of the Congregational, Meth- May, intending to preach in the odist and Presbyterian Churches in new Chalmer's Church, Woodstock, Canada. He regarded it as one of Ontario; but he was taken ill that the happiest days of his life when, same evening, and, without sufferon June 10, 1925, on the platform ing, quietly slipped away during of the arena in Toronto with eight Sunday night-the Lord's Day, thousand people present, he joined which he always observed as truly with other distinguished ministers a holy day, in his old home town, and laymen in signing the "Basis ready to preach the Gospel which at Union," his name occupying first he loved to proclaim, with his only place among those who subscribed child home from missionary service their names on behalf of the Pres- in China at his bedside-what byterian Church in Canada. more fitting close could there be to such a saintly life? In 1906 and 1907 Dr. MacKay visited the Asiatic missions of his As one intimately associated church, and some fields of other with him in delightful secretarial churches, and nine years later he service for twenty years, the writvisited Trinidad and British Gui- er may be permitted a brief, perana. Both missionaries and pastors sonal tribute. Those relations were of local churches testified to the akin to that of father and son, for value of his visits, and to the spir- there developed a real affection and itual benefits derived from his mes- a confidence that remain a precious sages. memory. One could freely discuss with such a sympathetic soul as Dr. Dr. MacKay reached the ripe age MacKay matters affecting the perof eighty-two years, having served sonnel and the work of the various almost fifty-two years as an or- fields knowing that all would be redained minister. For fifteen years garded as confidential, and would he ministered to two congrega- inure to the best interests of those tions,-first that of Knox, Agin- concerned and to the work of court, Ontario, and second in Christ's Kingdom. Parkdale, Toronto. While at Agin- THE INESCAPABLE CHRIST C HRIST in life is inescapable. It was Henry George who said, "I love the people and was led to Christ as their best friend." It was Cardinal Manning who replied, "I loved Christ and was led to love the people for whom Christ died." It was a Hindu who said to me, "No one but Christ is seriously bidding for the heart of the world. There is no one else in the field." The modern man knows that he must be religious after the mind of Christ or not be religious at all. E. STANLEY JONES.

TURNING POINT IN

Some Effects of the Murder of Dr. John E. Williams of Nanking N o LESS a man than Dr. C. on the 24th of March the most unfortu- T. Wang, the Minister of nate incident took place-The so-called Foreign Affairs of the Na- "Nanking incident." My friend Dr. tionalist Government of China, has written to Mrs. Williams to ex- Williams, the vice-president of Nanking press his conviction that the mar- University, was the victim. tyrdom of her beloved and honored husband, the vice-president of Dr. Williams, of Anglo-Saxon ances- Nanking University, in March, try, came to China for the Kingdom of 1927, marked the turning point in the history of the Chinese revolution. Dr. Wang, who was a warm personal friend of Dr. Williams, has caused a monument of white marble to be erected in his memory with an inscription of six hundred Chinese characters which testify to Dr. Williams' character and love for China and the benefits of his twenty-eight years of service and his final great sacri- fice.

MEMORIAL STONE ERECTED TO JOHN E. WILLIAMS ERECTED BY DR. C. T. WANG, Minister oj Fm-dgn AjJaiJ"S for the Nat-iona,Zist Government 0/ China A T~an8lation of Charact e,'s Being the old capitol and stronghold God. I met him in Japan in 1906, where we were cooperating in the founding of most suitable as a political center, Nanking is considered a strategic city by a Chinese Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation for students from China. He militarists. was a real scholar; a man of high per- After the removal of the capitol to the sonalty; he was the best friend to the north in 1911, Nanking became the prey Chinese from the Western hemisphere. of militarists for more than ten years. Although Dr. Williams was only one Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek, with dual re- of the victims of the Nanking incident, sponsibility for the party, and tbe late we took his death as the most important tragedy. The death of Dr. Williams Shuan Li, led their followers from Can- really gave us unification because it ton in the Northern Expedition. caused an internal clearing and cleans- Within a few months, Hupeh, Kiangsi, ing in our forces; so that the Northern Fukien and Chekiang were conquered Expedition could be continued. one after another. His death is certainly as heavy upon The fall of Nanking to the armies of Chiang Kai-Shek, on the 24th of March, (1926), was considered the most important victory for the party because we could then view the control of the Nation within a few months.

Due to a disloyal act, and in order to bring about international complications, 679

us as Tai Shan Mountain. This is why provinces of China. The work he has we must never forget him. I.. w,ap.g accomplished will indeed remain with us. In order to perpetuate his memory, and Chen Ting, regret so much 1!lY mablllty particularly to convey to the future gento protect in time of great dIstress; for erations the important part he has the purpose of expressing my deep sor- played in China's struggle for freedom, row, I have created this memorial stone.

WANG CHEN TING, a stone tablet will be erected at his tomb MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. with appropriate words in Chinese, JAN. 11, 1929. which I will have translated and printed The stone marks the grave in the peaceful little "God acre" in Nan- in English. CHENGTING. king where loving Chinese hands laid the body of their friend, to Mr. Chiang Su-Hsiang, Secre- tary of the Alumni Association at rest in the city he loved. Nanking, wrote to Mrs. Williams on January 9th, of this year, in be- half of the Alumni Association, as Dr. Wang wrote as follows to follows; Mrs. Williams in letters dated from The presence of Dr. Williams to the Shanghai, April 13, 1928, and from University was a gift to us from God. He has done a great work for the Uni- Nanking, December 10, 1928, and versity. Without him the University January 11, 1929; could never have attained its present My dear friend's death, tog~ther,,:vit.h status. His passing away is an irre- the others during the Nanking mCI- trievable loss to the University ….. .

dent," marked the turning point of s.av- Dr. Williams suffered like his Master. ing this nation from the red terrOI'lsm You have given us an example of how throughout the country. But f~r the Nanking "incident," the Kuommtang to live and how to stand the difficult life. The physical body of Dr. Williams is not would probably have gone on in its fixed with us but his unperishable spirit is plan of driving northward with the rear moving incessantly upon us and upon left wide open for the "reds" to occupy China and some day China will bring and ruin. The Nanking outrages were her whole family to adore Christ as our an eye-opener to the leaders of the party Saviour and our life. Shall we not feel to the great dangers of harboring ~he "reds" within the party. The drIve satisfied if each one of us can contribute northward had to be delayed in o~der that full attention and energy be gIven his own little part to the work of God?

to driving the internal foes out of the Dr. Williams gave his all for China. His life ought to be emulated by all of party first. In all probability, if the us. What we need today is not only an reds were not ousted at that time, an- unselfish life but a generous soul-a servother six months would have ena!>led ing spirit which may help to awake us them to grow so strong that they mIght from the slumber of moral paralysis.

have been able to annihilate the moderate Whenever we think of Dr. Williams, we members of the Kuomintang and create feel that his life is the life that should be lived by everyone of us. .The world a strong Red party in control of. the country. Imagine what havoc mIght will not be saved by those who live for have been wrought in the whole country! themselves alone. Dr. Williams gave his life always for others. He has given all So I say Jack's (Dr. Williams') death he could give. God will give him a was the means of saving hundreds of worthy place in His Kingdom.

thousands of other lives. "Perhaps the greatest and most CHENGTING (C. T. WANG). valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the *** thing you have to do, when it has Perhaps it will be of some consolation to be done, whether you like it or to you to know that the extrem~ sacri~ce of your husband was the turnmg pomt of our Northern Expedition. It was that not. It is the first lesson that ought to be learned, and however unfortunate incident of March 24, 1927, early a man's training begins, it is that caused the Nationalist leaders to probably the last lesson that he purge the Kuomintang Party of the coIT?- munistic elements at all costs. By hIS life, Jack brought about the union w?rk learns." in missions as exemplified in the eXIst- These are the words of Thomas ence of the University of Nanking, a1!-d Huxley, a scholar and an able man who overcame tremendous odds. by his death he became instru1l!ental In effecting the union of the dIstracted

A FIVE YEAR CAMPAIGN IN

What China's Christian Council Is Doing T HIS year's meeting of the Na- worth in fostering and expressing fel- tional Christian Council of lowship and unity, in considering the China differed from preceding needs of the church on a nation-wide meetings in that members were basis, as a bureau of information, in elected by Chinese church bodies. promoting exchange between East and Three hundred and seventeen thousand West of outstanding Christian work- church members, or seventy-two per ers, in serving as a means whereby cent of the total Protestant Christian the Christian forces in China may ex- body thus sent delegates of their own press themselves unitedly on great choice. This meant a radical change moral issues and in representing the of basis from the China Continuation Christian forces in China in relation Committee which was a self-perpetuat- to the International Missionary Coun- ing body. This year, for the first cil and the National Christian Coun- time, it was a cross section of those cils of other countries.

who could speak with authority for The Annual Meeting was held at their various constituencies. Hangchow Christian College and was The new constitution, adopted pro- preceded by five regional retreat con- visionally in this meeting, provides ferences, held at Mukden, Peiping, for a biennial meeting of which the Canton, Hankow and Shanghai, and a membership will be composed of ap- special conference at Shanghai on proximately sixty-five per cent di- Christian Literature. Dr. John R.

rectly elected by church bodies and Mott and a number of the National proportionate to their membership. Christian Council Secretaries, and (There are now twenty-three church more than half of the delegates had bodies, including the Church of Christ been present at one or another of in China and others which bring to- these conferences.

gether a number of churches.) In ad- In North China the representatives dition, national organizations, such as of twenty-two church, association and the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the college groups centered their atten- China Christian Educational AS8ocia- tion on the Christian worker. A care- tion, the Council on Higher Educa- ful survey showed a great dearth of tion, the medical and philanthropic higher trained workers. In addition work, Christian Literature Societies, to this report there was given a de- the China Sunday School Union and tailed account of experiments in de- Bible Societies, have representation veloping lay leadership as carried on not to exceed twenty per cent of the in the London Missionary Society at total. The ExecutiTe Committee was Siaochang in connection with the ag- also empowered to coopt members up ricultural evangelism at Fenchow, of to fifteen per cent of the total mem- the training center for country work- bership, now about one hundred and ers in Tunghsien, mass education in twenty-five. Paotingfu, the laymen's training in- The constitution also provides for stitute in Lintsing and mass education an Administrative Committee of for women and girls as developed in thirty members which comes together the Methodist field of Changli.

twice a year and aims at a geographi- All the regional conferences passed cally wide representation and a small votes in favor of the Forward Evan- Executive Committee. gelistic Movement. Further study of The National Christian Council is this subject was undertaken by Com- organized to secure effective Chris- mission I during the National Chris- tian leadership and has proven its tian Council meeting under the leader- 681

ship of R. J. McMullen and P. J. Chow. to say: "We recommend that the Na- The Commission report defined the tional Christian Council make a study two-fold objective of this movement of successful experiments in enlisting as follows: and training voluntary workers, and 1. The cultivation among Christians urge the church to make every effort of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a to reach and use lay leadership." more intimate fellowship with Him, and of a more courageous following of Him With regard to the need for misin all the relationships of life. sionaries, the Commission said: 2. The carrying out of a vigorous evan- The present time calls for urgent efgelistic program in the hope that within forts: Chinese Christians should increasthe next five years the number of Chris- ingly assume responsibility. Even where tians will at least be doubled. and when the Chinese Church has at- tained the self-directing stage of in- :'"'r. Mott said that large and dif- digenous life, there is still a great and ficult undertakings call forth "latent vital need for missionaries with religious energies and drive one back to God." experience, vocational training, devotion He had learned "to distrust any plan to service, who are moved with a desire to assist their Chinese coworkers, to push forward to fulfill the command of Jesus that is not impossible," and we must Christ. At that time separate mission therefore, "gird up the loins of our organizations on the field will no longer minds, lay a mine of prayer, and go be necessary, but missionaries will serve forward." The Council unanimously within the Chinese Church on equal terms expressed its hearty approval of the with Chinese Christians. campaign and then spent a period in prayer that its objectives might be The last command of Christ and the realized. Dr. Cheng Ching Yi is be- yearning call of the Macedonians will ing asked to give full time to this ring in our ears as in the past. The pro- gram of "China for Christ" needs to be campaign and all of the National pushed more vigorously than ever; work Christian Council Secretaries and is urgent and many workers are needed. Committees are asked to organize Missionaries with the sacrificial spirit are, therefore, urged to come to China and serve.

their work around it as a central ob- Commission III on Religious Educajective. Other workers are to be se- tion under the leadership of D. W. cured, literature prepared and trans- Lyon and C. S. Miao, urged the use of lated, and a Standing Committee to be educational and psychological methods organized which shall be its inspira- in evangelistic work and improvement tional center and correlating agency in Sunday-school methods. The Counfor the nation. It will sound a call to cil was asked to carry out the followprayer and make every effort to enlist ing in this regard: the whole-hearted cooperation of the churches. 1. To promote spiritual life in Chris- tian families and publish suitable ma- Commission II, under the leadership terial for this purpose. of Bishop Tsen and Bishop Birney, dealt with the problem of church 2. To promote associations for discusworkers and the need for a program sions of home problems and to publish suitable materials for their use.

3. To encourage theological seminaries which will appeal to the adventure and and Bible schools for men and women to patriotism of Chinese youth. Stu- emphasize religious education in the curdent associations and the Student riculum. Volunteer Movement are to be asked to cooperate with the churches in pre- 4. To seek help in personnel from orsenting the claims of Christian serv- ganizations affiliated with the National Christian Council in promoting religious education in the home.

ice to young men and women. The Commission IV, with E. W. Burt use of the daily church school was pro- and Dr. T. C. Bau as leaders, pre- posed as a means of bringing direct sented a report on the Relation of the Christian teaching to students in reg- "Younger and Older Churches." The istered schools. Regarding the volun- meeting passed votes for a financial tary workers, the Commission had this survey in China which had been asked

THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS

for by the Jerusalem Meeting of the cil. Dr. Mott helped the group to face International Missionary Council and the difficulties and sacrifices necessary a nation-wide survey of the present to make this movement a success but situation of the churches in China showed how there must be hdvance topreparatory to receiving a delegation ward organic union.

from the missionary Boards to work The extent of the work of the Naout a policy for future cooperation. tional Christian Council can be seen from the budget for the coming year, Commission V, on Literature, with amounting to nearly $100,000, and a Dr. C. L. Hsia, of Shanghai, and Prof. staff of ten secretaries, all employed T. C. Chao, of Yenching, as leaders, for full time. The closing devotional grappled seriously with the problems meeting brought the conference to deeply understand their motto, "0, of the production and distribution of Lord, revive thy Church, beginning Christian literature. It was voted to organize a Standing Committee to cor- from me." The one hundred and relate the efforts of existing organiza- thirty-eight delegates and secretaries return to forty-one cities in thirteen tions that will have a budget sufficient provinces to make actual the vision to enable it to meet the need for the and high resolves formed in the conpublication of Christian literature of ference. On each one's heart was the wide variety. five-year program of evangelistic ef- Meetings of the Church of Christ in fort. China were held at least four times between regular sessions of the Coun- THE JAPANESE CHURCH AND MISSIONS BY REV. ARTHUR D. BERRY, Tokyo, Japan ,Missionary of the Method'ist Episcopal OhurchJ 190'/t M OST of the Christian leadership in general to the J apa- churches in Japan are in- nese. The natural order seems to be missionary leadership, native lead- dependent of foreign con- ership, and then suitable leadertrol. The nationalization of the ship. churches was brought about with no harmful results, since it has Church union in Japan is a problong been an accepted principle lem which is left to the national that the churches should be J apa- churches. Bodies closely related nese. This question seems to have have united already and the Japano relation to the continuance of nese must decide whether there missionaries in the country. The Japanese have been given the lead- shall be more union. Boards and ership in a large part of the Chris- missionaries are not interfering. tian church and school work. We The churches are not in haste to have risen above the question of unite when it is in their power so Japanese leadership to a higher to do.. The Boards and missionstage. Our Japanese leaders are aries do not keep them apart, but impatient when it is suggested that have often taken the lead in church a man is not eligible to a position union. The settlement of these imbecause he is a foreigner. They portant questions, has not pushed say that it is not a matter of race on the great Christian task in but of fitness. We could never Japan to a rapid conclusion. The have reached this stage so com- secret of quickly winning all the pletely if we had not given the world to Christ is the great un- solved problem of the church today.

ENCOURAGEMENTSINJAPAN*

BY REV. PAUL S. VAN DYKE A NOTEWORTHY s t e p to- sale of Bibles to high school boys war d s independence and and girls at meetings held for them self-support has been taken when they are dismissed from by many native Churches in Japan, school in the afternoon. which have been receiving financial subsidies from the mission for The student, teacher and official a period of from ten to twenty class are the most approachable years, when these churches were class of people in the empire. This turned over to the presbytery and class of people generally live away a yearly decreasing scale of assist- from parental influence which is ance for them adopted. This plan often prejudicial to Christianity. brings the self-support of these In pursuing the line of least resistchurches definitely in sight and ance, which is the ordinary way of means the diversion of missionary working, most of the Christian conmoney and effort to more needy verts, especially in the cities, have and unoccupied fields. been drawn from these classes. In spite of the gradual industrializa- Another encouraging feature is tion of the cities the bulk of the that the feeling in general between population still consists of farmers the mission body and the native and small shop keepers, the most church is that of increasing good- conservative classes of the nation, will. A regional conference in- and these classes, particularly those cluding native evangelists, pastors who dwell in villages, are practiof independent churches and mis- cally untouched by the Gospel. sionaries was held recently at which evangelistic methods and The Holiness Church and the Saldoctrinal problems were discussed. vation Army, with their rigid in- sistence upon absolute separation Perhaps the most significant fea- from idolatry, a definite Christian ture of the whole situation in experience and their simplicity in Japan is that patient and persever- presentation of the gospel, have ing seed sowing leads to certain re- accomplished more among these sults. A missionary in Japan bap- classes than the larger and matetizes in one year from eight to rially better equipped missions. A twenty converts. comparison of the results of these In distributing and selling liter- and other small poorly-equipped ature from house to house out of missions convinces us of the supeforty places visited perhaps ten riority of their spiritual equipment will buy a gospel portion or five and backing. If Japan is to be cent tract and three or four will really evangelized these classes talk freely about the nature of must be reached through the de- Christianity. The number influ- velopment of lay Christians among enced to the extent of going to them. The most arresting factor church by this work is almost neg- in the missionary situation is the ligible. Some missionaries are same, yesterday, today and tomorhaving remarkable success in the row – a spiritual awakening on the part of both foreign and na- • Con4ep5e4 from The Presbyterian Survey. tive workers.

684

A NEW THING IN HOME

BY REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D.D., New York E:cecut1v6 Secretuy, Home Missions OouncH D ENOMINATIONAL compe- good deal of the church's effort tition is rapidly being out- today is expended in keeping the lawed. Christians have out- machinery running. It takes a con- lived sectarian rivalry. There is siderable part of the time of our in our hearts a revolt against it. preachers to oil the wheels. It con- We have discovered that it is not sumes much money in perpetuat- only poor religion, but it is bad ing our differences and our worn business. It belongs no longer out organizations. Weare paying among Christian churches. Coop- too high a price for competition.

eration and consolidation are now The famous cartoon "Keeping up the vogue in all lines of modern with the J oneses" has many les- life. The world is being forced sons for the church. There is en- to it. Competition is war and "War tirely too much of that sort of is hell." Religious competition thing between our denominational means destruction both for the families.

loser and the winner. Has not the time come for the Mr. Paul M. Mazur in his won- churches to get together in our derfully informing book, "Amer- common task of making America'

ican Prosperity," says, "We are Christian? Many of the best minds destined to witness a period of of the church think that it has.

tremendous industrial consolida- The mission boards especially tion. This demand is coming not think the time has come for a real from the producers or' sellers, but serious attempt to pull together from the consumers. They are and not separately. Both at home tired of the high cost of competi- and abroad there is a rapidly ris- tion. There are opposing forces, ing tide of sentiment for a closer certain laws and enactments, and alinement of denominational forces a great deal of human nature, but and resources in mission work. In consolidation is bound to win and fact this is the most pronounced men will realize that personal conviction of our missionaries.

power and liberty are safeguarded From every mission field of the by union, and jeopardized by in- world there come startling testi- dustrial anarchy." monies of the evils of denomina- As in industry, so in the church, tional rivalry, and pathetic appeals we have been guilty of over-produc- for Christian unity and coopera- tion. We have organized too many tion.

churches. We have created too In view of this need for a more much organization. We have set united Christian approach to the up too much machiner.y. To keep task of missions, the Home Mis- our mass production and to keep sions Council, with the cooperation the machinery running we are of the Council of Women for Home forced to speed up salesmanship Missions and the Federal Council by means of expensive advertising of the Churches of Christ in Am- and high pressure promotion. A erica, is now making a special 685

study of the home missionary en- which we are hearing so much in terprise, in what it calls the Five these recent years? If we can Year Program of Survey and Ad- bring our denominational bodies justment. together in organized cooperation, This is the first time in the his- we may find ourselves a long way tory of American Protestantism on the road toward church union.

when such a study of Home Mis- Second. The survey of the sions was ever attempted. Thirty- United States state by state, county seven national mission boards, by county, and community by com- representing twenty-eight denomi- munity. This is a simple, practical, nations in the United States and inexpensive fact-finding effort to Canada are cooperating in this discover the conditions of over- movement. The Program is pro- churching, inadequate churching, ceeding along four distinct lines. and over-looking. The survey is First. The organization of State now well under way in more than Councils-either state Councils of a dozen states. It has been finished Churches, Home Missions Councils, in New Hampshire. The results Interdenominational Comity Com- are very illuminating and confirm missions or Superintendents' Coun- the conclusions of the Cleveland cils. There are now more than Comity Conference.

three score state and local councils The towns, or townships were of various kinds. This is the first classified in three groups. Those . necessary step in bringing about that are inadequately churched, interdenominational cooperation. that is, having no church at all, or There must be some organization very poor and inadequate churches; through which the denominations those that are adequately churched, can function cooperatively. In the that is, having about the right num- states where we have had state fed- ber of churches for the community eration of churches for a number with resident pastors and reason- of years, the denominations are able budget and fair equipment; much closer together and the co- those that are over-churched, that operative programs are much fur- is, having more churches than the ther along. This is, to be sure, community can support, or than another organization, and our de- are needed to care for the spiritual sire is to reduce rather than in- interests of the community.

crease the number of organiza- In the 222 New Hampshire tions. But there is a difference. towns of less than 5,000 population These state councils are organiza- the survey discovered – Thirty- tions of organizations. They are three towns that are classified as for the purpose of coordinating de- inadequately churched. They are nominational organizations, bring- for the most part small towns and ing them into friendly cooperation, open country. The aggregate popu- and furnishing opportunities for lation is 9,753. In these thirty- the conference and fellowship so three towns there are twenty-six much needed among our churches. churches with a total membership How can we cooperate until we of 372, or an average per church know each other and become ac- of fourteen members. There are quainted with each other's pro- in these same churches fourteen grams? May they not also be Sunday-schools with a total enroll- pointing the way toward that ment of 197 scholars, or an aver- larger union of churches about. age per school of thirteen.

A NEW THING IN HOME MISSIONS

One hundred and sixteen towns one of our oldest states. But the are cluBsified as adequately saddest part of the situation is the churched, that is, having one church fact that more than half (50.9 %) to about 1,000 population with a of all the population of that state reasonable program and equip- is entirely unchurched-untouched ment and resident pastor. by any kind of church-Protestant, Eighty-three towns of the 222 Catholic or Jewish. What is still are classified as over-churched. more distressing is the fact that These towns have an aggregate New Hampshire is no exception.

population of 118,510, more than Surveys that are now in progress one-fourth of the entire popula- in Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, Colo- tion of the state. They contain 293 rado and other states show equally churches with a total membership disappointing figures.

of 21,463, or an average member- Third. Adjustments. The sur- ship of seventy-three. There is one veys are being followed in each church in these eighty-three towns state, county and community by a for every 403 people, more than systematic, deliberate attempt on twice as many churches as there the part of denominational bodies should be according to the com- and responsible executives to cor- monly accepted standard of Prot- rect the evils of competition, over- estant churches for every 1,000 lapping and inadequate churching.

population, the population being These adjustments can be made, homogeneous as to color and lan- where the local communities have guage. the cooperative spirit, by mergers, Here are some details from the federations, consolidations or mu- survey-twenty-six towns of less tual exchanges of fields. This is the than 1,000 population have each difficult part of the program. There three or more active churches, or are so many local situations to one Protestant church for every meet, denominational loyalties and 217 of the population. An aggre- traditions, community problems, gate population of 18,644 is served ecclesiastical machinery, and the by eighty-six Protestant churches. ever present ubiquitous human na- These churches have a total mem- ture. This is necessarily a slow bership of 3,284 or an average per process and will take years to work church of thirty-eight members. out, but progress is being made.

Seventeen towns, exclusive of the Comity is working in many places.

one-church towns, with a total Some entire states are boasting of population of 8,709 have fifty not a single violation of comity or churches, or an average of one overlapping or competition. Our church for every 161 of the popu- large cities are, through their city lation. The average membership of federations and comity committees, these fifty churches is twenty-six. making splendid headway in solv- These details could be continued ing these problems.

at great length. For example, one Fourth. The North American town of 1,537 people has five Home Mission Congress is to be churches; another of 1,173 people held in Washington, D. C., Novem- has six churches; another of 1,546 ber 30th to December 5, 1930.

people has six churches; another This is a part of the inclusive of 1,400 has seven churches. Five Year Program and is to be These are enough to show the the outstanding event of the entire seriousness of over-churching in undertaking. It is a part of the

educational side of the program. the best method of getting the There will be held in each state, cause before the Church so as to conferences both state and local, to secure a response in prayer, symreview the results of the surveys, pathy, life and money. and create sentiment favorable to the indicated needed adjustments. COMMISSION III is making an But in addition to these state and exhaustive study of Cooperation in regional conferences, the Washing- Home Missions. Dr. Kenyon L. ton Congress is needed for a more Butterfield, Ex-president of Michithorough-going study of the entire gan State College of Agriculture is Task of Home Missions as we face the chairman, and with him are it today. This is intended more for associated more than thirty men the leaders of Home Mission work; and women who are going into a those who are charged with policies very extended study of the whole and programs of administration question of cooperation in the and direction. Home Missionary Enterprise. They will bring to the Congress for dis. Three large commissions have cussion some very constructive and been at work for a year and will statesmanlike recommendations. continue their studies for nearly two more years, gathering data The purpose of the Congress is preparatory to the Congress. Their a serious attempt to reevaluate the reports will furnish the basis of the task of Home Missions and, in the deliberation of the Congress. light of present day conditions in the church and in the country, to COMMISSION I, of Which Rev. suggest better ways of doing the William Adams Brown, D.D. is work. The Congress is to be a chairman, is studying The Task deliberative body-not a mass and Administration of Home Mis- meeting. The representation will sions. This Commission of fifty be limited to about 500 members, carefully selected men and women who will be very carefully selected are rethinking the entire subject of by the participating denomina- Home Missions. In the light of sur- tions. The Congress will open on veys and special investigations Sunday afternoon, November 30th they are making, the Commission with an address by the President will redefine the task as it is today of the Congress and the business and will indicate the changes and sessions will continue from Monadjustments needed in the adminis- day morning, December 1st tration of the task. through Friday the 5th.

COMMISSION II is studying the This Five Year Program is a best methods, ways and means of new thing in Home Missions. It is Publicity and Promotion of Home our hope that this comprehensive Missions. With Rev. Charles study will result in a great for· Stelzle, the chairman, are asso- ward step on the part of Amerciated thirty men and women spe- ican Protestantism, along the line cialists in these lines. Their task of a cooperative approach to its is to bring to the Congress a care- common task of giving the Gospel ful survey of the scope and purpose in the most attractive and compel. of publicity and suggestions as to ling way to the unreached people of this country.

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN

BY GEORGE A. HUNTLEY, M.D., Shanghai, China Mis8ionary 0/ the America·n Baptist Po reign Mission kJocietYJ 1889 T HE earnest student of mis- Canton, though his being a mis- sions in China is tempted to sionary would have debarred him, feel discouraged as he con- but because he was the official intemplates the unaccomplished task. terpreter and translater of the There is "much land yet to be pos- East India Company, he was per- sessed," for many fields are not mitted to live in Canton for a few only unoccupied but unclaimed by months of each year. He and other any missionary society. Tribal lan- foreigners were permitted on guages are still unconquered and Chinese territory only from the not even reduced to writing. There arrival of the fleet of the East India are aboriginal tribes as yet unevan- Company to the time of its sailing gelized and millions of Moslems to again, the intervening months be- whom the Gospel has never been ing spent in Macao, which is Por- preached. Moreover missionaries tuguese territory. When Mr. and have recently been compelled to Mrs. Milne attempted to join Mor- leave their stations and the tide of rison as missionaries six years anti-Christian propaganda has later, they were not allowed to rethreatened to destroy the work. side either in Canton or Macao, but At such a time it is helpful to were compelled to settle in Malacca.

review the signs of progress dur- Today, in spite of internal revoing one hundred and twenty years lutions, China is open everywhere, of missionary endeavor. and missionaries reside in every province. All important centres of Robert Morrison once wrote a population and every strategic pobooklet entitled "The First Fifteen sition is occupied by representa- Years of the China Mission." He tives of Christ. felt an answer was necessary to the queries of critics and friends as to For many decades the province what Christian missions had ac- of Hunan boasted that no "foreign complished. It was necessary also devil" was allowed to reside within "to disarm the hostile cavils of its borders. Men like'Dorward, of some, to reanimate the desponding the China Inland Mission, Alexanhearts of others and to excite grati- der, of the Christian and Missiontude to God our Saviour for what ary Alliance and Griffith John of He has wrought." It is the present the London Missionary Society writer's humble hope and prayer used all kinds of strategy and darthat this brief review will serve a ing, and frequently were in peril similar purpose. of their lives, but the gates of Hunan remained tightly closed. The Great Field In the capital, Changsha, there In 1807 China was both legally Jived a man, Cheo-Han, who carand practically closed to the bearer ried on a nation-wide anti-foreign of Glad Tidings. Francis Xavier and anti-Christian campaign by labored in vain to enter China. means of large colored posters Morrison was allowed to live in which he printed from wooden 689 3

blocks. One of these posters repre- aration for this new and wonderful sented the missionary doctor kid- opportunity, was shot and killed by napping children and gouging out Chinese bandits.

their eyes and hearts to make China and its dependencies, medicine. Foreigners were depict- tightly closed to the Christian mis- ed as subjected to terrible tortures sionary and his message in 1807, by the citizens of the Celestial Em- have been open for many years, pire. Worst of all, this emissary and the recent Bolshevik propa- of Satan used a play upon words to ganda has proved to be only a tem- degrade the name of our Lord in porary setback.

the eyes of the Chinese. His car- The Church and the Missionaries toons pictured a "pig" a word similar in sound to that for Lord cru- The spirit of those who send out cified upon a cross, before which missionaries has undergone some foreigners prostrated themselves in remarkable changes during a cenworship, and into which Chinese tury and two decades. Although soldiers shot their arrows and Morrison did not meet the rebuff prodded their spears. that Carey met from the Church, In those' days the prayer most and while the London Missionary frequently upon the lips of inter- Society accepted Morrison readily, cessors for China was "God open there was much apathy and oppo- Hunan." Prayer prevailed. Cheo- sition in the home Church to For- Han was arrested and imprisoned eign Missions, and the income for by the Chinese Government as a the work was pitifully small.

menace to International Relations. Today some members of Amer- His wooden blocks were burned, his ican churches do not believe in printing presses were confiscated Foreign Missions but the Church and his house subsequently became generally is loyal to Christ's a repository of the American Bible marching orders: "Go . . . preach Society. Thus from the very place the Gospel to every creature."

from which issued for many years There are many missionary volun- a foul stream which poisoned the teers, though fewer than a decade minds of Chinese everywhere, there ago. Indeed, if a man doesn't be- issued a stream of life, carrying lieve in missions today it is com- with it God's blessing to countless mon to question whether he is millions. Hunan thus became fully really a Christian. "He that hath opened for missionary work. not the spirit of Christ is none of For decades prayer ascended for His."

"The Great Closed Land" of Tibet. Transportation to the field is Daring missionaries worked for also very different from what it years to penetrate this stronghold, was at the beginning of the nine- first from China, then from India, teenth century. Then the East In- only to meet with failure. The late dia Company refused to allow mis- Dr. A. L. Shelton, reaching Llassa, sionaries to sail, either to India or was able to render medical service China, on any British vessel, and to the Dalai Lama and received an Morrison was compelled to sail to invitation from this ruler to open New York in order to secure pas- a dispensary in the Capital. This sage to China.

intrepid brother, while on his way The journey to China occupied to the coa~ to make adequate prep- seven months and involved weeks

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

of intense suffering and weariness. to count the cost and having come He records in his diary March 29, to a resolution, to act consistently."

1807 (Sunday) "I stood on the The heroic spirit has been abun- deck until I was completely dantly manifested before and after drenched, assisting in my poor way the Boxer and in the recent dis- to take in the last rag of sail, and turbances, when workers have re- pump the ship." The journey of quested to be sent back to stations Dr. and Mrs. Milne occupied ten where they have been mobbed and months frQm Portsmouth to insulted, and their lives threatened.

Macao. Children of missionaries also, upon These experiences sound strange receiving appointments for foreign to missionaries who travel today service, have requested to be sent on large palatial ocean liners, with to those same stations where their electric fans in stateroom, refriger- devoted parents were tortured or ation which provides fresh meat, massacred.

fruit and vegetables throughout Today though foreign consuls the whole voyage and wireless com- have requested missionaries to munication, providing the more evacuate their posts because of important items of world news danger, many elected to remain at daily, and by means of which help their own risk, so that they may can be summoned in case of dan- care for the work.

der. Travel by the Siberian route The missionary of today is also from London to Shanghai occu- well prepared spiritually, intellec- pies only fourteen and one half tually and physically as was Morri- days and travel by the new air son for his collossal task, and only service is expected to take passen- the very best are good enough for gers from London to Peking in China's New Day. Like Morrison, seven days. we are not narrowly sectarian but These more rapid modes of recognize only two divisions of our transportation not only bring the fellowmen, "those who fear God missionary speedily to his field of and those who do not." The big- service, but keep him in closer oted, narrow missionary has no contact with his home base. A place in China today but he must century ago it sometimes took two be prepared to deliver a positive full years to receive replies to and clear Gospel message.

letters. The Rev. E. Stanley Jones, Fortunately there is still the found his health failing, his work same pioneer missionary spirit and disappointing and himself utterly willingness to offer a life of sacri- discouraged as he tried to hold an fice. Morrison while preparing for extended line which took in every- Christian work wrote: "Jesus, I thing in his message from Genesis have given myself up to Thy serv- to Revelation and included western ice . . . where shall I serve Thee? civilization and the various dogmas . . . My desire is oh Lord, to en- and creeds of his branch of the gage where laborers are most Christian church. He shortened wanted, perhaps one part of the his line to two words "JESUS field is more difficult than another, CHRIST," with the remarkable re- I am equally unfit for any … but sults.

through Thy strengthening me, I One change in missionary per- can do all things, . . . enable me sonnel has been remarkable. In

1807 there were no women mis- their persons, intending to commit sionaries. When Morrison mar- suicide, if caught, rather than subried he had to leave his young wife mit to the tender mercies of the in Macao for six months at a time authorities. When Wells Williams, while he continued his work in an American missionary, joined Canton where neither "women nor Morrison in 1833, his teacher took arms" were allowed. unusual precautions, lest some un- friendly person should discover In 1830 conditions were almost what he was doing, and each time intolerable. As a new missionary he visited his pupil, he placed a wrote: "With the exception of a lady's shoe on the table and, if a prison it would probably be diffi- stranger entered, pretended he was cult to find a better preparation selling foreign shoes. for the enjoyment of verdant scenery, invigorating breezes, bod- Chinese books had to be purily recreation and female society chased for a foreigner by stealth, than a residence in Canton." and booksellers who sold them would be subjected to severe pun- The English Superintendent of ishment if discovered. Trade once defied the authorities and brought his wife on shore with Morrison constantly advocated him and then placed a cannon, the establishment of a Language which he brought from the vessel, School, where missionaries could at the door to prevent the Chinese be in residence to learn Chinese and attempting her expulsion. his wish has been abundantly ful- filled in these days, by schools in Morrison early recognized that many large centers, such as Nanif Chinese spiritual needs were to king, Soochow, Canton and Peking be met women workers must be (P'eping). Teachers are plentiful sent out. Today out of 7,500 and are no longer considered crimforeign workers in China nearly inals. 5,000 are women. The Barrier of Idolatry The Language Problem When Robert Morrison was ar- At the beginning of the nine- ranging for his passage to China, teenth century the Chinese lan- in the shipping office in New York guage was considered well nigh City, the shipowner turned about unconquerable. As one of the early and with a grin said: "And so Mr. translators said: "It is the work Morrison, you really expect that for men with bodies of brass, lungs you will make an impression on the of steel, heads of oak, eyes of idolatry of the great Chinese Emeagles, memories of angels, pa- pire." "No sir," said Morrison, tience of Job, hearts of Apostles "but I expect God will." and lives of Methuselah." This man of large faith and Chinese were prohibited from vision, as he finished his translateaching the language to a for- tion of the Scriptures, said: "I eigner under penalty of death. trust that the gloomy darkness of Morrison was obliged to pay his pagan scepticism will be dispelled teachers large sums as the finan- by the Dayspring from on High, cial argument was most convinc- and that the guilded idols of ing. But his teachers lived in Buddha, and the numberless imconstant fear of arrest and torture. ages which fill the land, will some They always carried poison on

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

day assuredly fall to the ground, had the joy of baptizing. When before the face of God's Word, as Morrison passed to his reward in the idol Dagon fell before the ark." 1834, after twenty-seven years of Today hundreds of thousands of service, Protestant Christians in Chinese have "turned to God from China could be counted on the idols," and the priests of Buddha, fingers of his hands.

who in Morrison's day, felt abso- Tsae A-ko was "the grain of lutely sure of their ground and mustard seed" which was to "be- looked with the utmost disdain come a tree." The six converts of upon the Christian missionary, find 1842 have grown to a half million it necessary today to bolster up Protestant Chinese church mem- their crumbling superstitions, by bers with a Christian community imitating the missionaries' meth- of a million or more. These include ods. They have established Young many influential people. The China Men's Buddhist Associations and Weekly Review took a nation-wide are even teaching children to sing straw vote upon the twelve most to a familiar tune: "Buddha loves popular men in China with the re- me, this I know." sult that four of them proved to be When in 1905 the Empress outstanding Christian men while Dowager, with a stroke of the pen, five of the others were known to be consigned to the scrap heap an sympathetic to Christianity.

educational system that had lasted Today, taking China as a whole, nearly two thousand years, many about one in every thousand is a temples were emptied of their idols Christian church member and and converted into schools. Many among the Chinese leaders who en- of the idols were thrown out and joy the confidence and esteem of allowed to disintegrate. The great the people, one in every three is a temple bell, which the priest used follower of the Lord Jesus Christ.

to ring to tell the god that a wor- The Christian Mission Schools have shipper knelt at the altar, is rung provided twenty-five per cent of today by the school master to sum- the constructive leadership in mon the boys and the girls to China.

school. Chinese Christian Workers The day is dawning when the prophesy shall be fulfilled in China, In 1807 there was not one Prot- "The idols shall be utterly abol- estant native worker in all China.

ished," for enlightened Chinese It was not until Morrison had will not continue to bow before toiled ten years that he was privi- senseless blocks of wood and stone. leged to ordain the first Chinese The great question is: Will agnos- preacher Liang A-fa. He suffered ticism and atheism or the Gospel much bitter persecution, and be- of Christ take the place of these cause he prepared and printed a ancient superstitions? tract, he was cast into prison and The Growth of Christianity beaten with a bamboo until his flesh was raw.

In 1807 there was not one Prot- Today there are tens of thou- estant convert in all China. The sands of Chinese Christian men first man to embrace the Christian serving as preachers and pastors, faith was Tsae A-ko, whom Mor- evangelists and colporters, physi- rison, after seven years of service, cians and hospital technicians, sem-

inary professors and school teach- The Chinese Christians are iners. Also a great band of Christian terpreting Christ in a way that women are doctors and nurses, might be expected may send back teachers and Bible women, social to the West the vital religion which service and Y. W. C. A. workers. we seem to be in danger of losing.

About twenty-five years ago a The Scriptures in China Methodist missionary at Kuling, preached a sermon on "The Chi- A century ago translation was in nese Worker" in which the Chinese its infancy in China and was prachelper was compared to a bruised tically limited to the rendering of reed with whom the missionary the Buddhist Books into Chinese. must be indulgent and patient. The preacher said "There is one thing One of the greatest difficulties you cannot do to a bruised reed, encountered by the early transyou cannot lean upon it," and ex- lators was to secure a sympathetic pressed his regret that so far we teacher. No Chinese scholar was have failed to produce native work- connected with the Christian ers who are capable of taking church. The teacher was heathen and was apt to fail to understand responsibility. the real sense of the sacred page, Today the term "native helper" for these things are "spiritually discerned." is almost obsolete for these men are becoming self-reliant pastors and For sixteen years Morrison trusted leaders in an independent toiled before he issued his first translation of the Bible in the church. Chinese language, in twenty-one In 1890 only one Chinese dele- volumes.

gate attended the missionary con- Today, we have a complete Bible ference in Shanghai, all the others in Chinese in one volume, and a being foreigners. In the next con- great band of Christian Chinese ference held in 1907, there was a translate and write Christian books large sprinkling of Chinese dele- and live out the truth in their own gates, while in the conference of lives. Then there was only one ver- 1922, more than one half of the sion, now the Book is translated twelve hundred delegates were into thirty-nine different dialects.

Chinese. In 1812 an edict was issued by The chairman of this conference the Chinese Government, making it a capital crime to print books upon was the Rev. ChengChing-Yi, D.D., the Christian religion in Chinese. and much of the most valuable The printers who printed this work undertaken by various com- early translation ran terrible risks mittees was done by Chinese, nota- and adopted various methods to bly "the message of the Church to avoid detection. The Chinese of- China," whose chairman was the ficials one day raided the printing Rev. Timothy Lew. One sentence office and confiscated all the wooden has become a slogan and deserves printing blocks they could find. to be broadcast in letters of gold: The rest that were hidden away "SHE SHALL TEACH HER in a corner for safety, were de- MEMBERS TO AGREE TO DIF- voured by white ants. The printer FER BUT RESOLVE TO LOVE." moved his establishment to Macao Another Chinese preacher appro- but the Portuguese authorities priately added "AND UNITE TO SERVE."

A CONTRAST IN CONDITIONS IN CHINA

closed his press because he pub- In 1916, a young Chinese named lished "certain works contrary to Hu-Suh, received the degree of the doctrines of the Roman Cath- Ph.D. at Columbia University. Re- olic church." turning to China and taking a Today the largest press in China position on the FacuIty of the is conducted by Chinese Christians. Government University of Pe- The metal type used is proof king, he set to work to revolu- against white ants and no printer tionize the literature of China.

would fear to print anything the His war cry was "No dead lan- missionary might bring to him. guage can produce a living litera- The Presbyterian Press, the Na- ture" and his constructive policy tional Society Press, the Religious may be summed up in this motto: Tract Society Press and the Amer- "Produce literature in the National ican Baptist Publication Society language and you will have a Na- print scriptures, tracts and va- tional language of literary worth."

rious Christian books by the tens His daring program met with of millions. the severest opposition from the The edition of the first Bible conservatives, who said, that it was consisted of only one thousand impossible to express the subtili- copies and 'was disposed of mainly ties of Chinese philosophy in the along the coast and in Malacca. On vulgar tongue. Dr. Hu-Suh wrote March 24,1822, Morrison wrote to the "History of Chinese Philos- the American Bible Society: "The ophy" in the people's language; free dissemination of the Bible in scholars admitted their defeat and China is as yet impracticable which the victory was won. Books and is also the case with all books which newspapers now are published in exhibit the claims of Jesus and the people's language almost ex- treat of His salvation." In the clusively, and the wisdom of Mor- year 1925 eight million copies of rison and the missionaries who the scriptures and scripture por- have succeeded him is generally tions were distributed in China and recognized. The new phonetic in the year 1926 the number script has also been introduced and reached eleven million copies. enables illiterate Chinese to learn The Literary Revolution to read in a few weeks.

In the middle ages books in Other Important Changes Europe were all published in Latin, In 1807 there were no Christian so in China, every respectable book chapels, churches, colleges nor was written in the classical wen-li, schools in China. There were no rather than in a language of the dispensaries, hospitals nor asy- common people. lums in China even when Morrison This classical Chinese took died in 1834.

twenty years to acquire and was Today these institutions can be only understood by a privileged numbered by the tens of thousands, few. Morrison decided to translate while more than a million pupils the scriptures into the language are studying in schools established that the people understood, and by Christians.

had the courage to sacrifice what In those early days foreigners the literati caned "elegance" for were not allowed to ride in a sedan the sake of "intelligibility." chair or to take a boat for a pleas-

ure trip upon the river. Such travel the most, but in the sense that de luxe was reserved for the sub- gives most and serves best." jects of the Son of Heaven and was not to be desecrated by barbarians These Christian principles, handfrom "tributary nations." ed down to us from our forebears will succeed also in China, for the An S. O. S. Call great changes that have already come in that land are due largely, As the nineteenth century if not mainly, to the influence of dawned, China was fast asleep and the Christian message. had been so for hundreds of years. "There was no thirst for any lore During thirty-five years that I outside of the lore of Cathay. The have spent in and for China, I have western man and western teaching seen institution after institution were held in supreme contempt." fall into decay, but the Gospel has steadily prospered. It has proved Now this mighty land is wide to be "the power of God." awake, stretching out her hands in earnest appeal for the knowledge China has passed through many which has made western nations changes and has discarded many strong. institutions. The Manchu Dynasty is gone; the Monarchial system of If America and Great Britain Government is a thing of the past; enjoy any real greatness today, ancestral worship, which has prethey owe it not to inventive genius, vented progress in China for so to industrial plants, to railroads, many centuries has been razed to nor to wealth, but they owe their the ground; the ancient system of position and power to the Christian education, lasting nearly two thouprinciples, which our forefathers sand years, has disappeared. But taught them. The Cross it standeth fast, Hallelujah! A Chinese student when visiting Defying every blast, Hallelujah! an American State Legislature was The wind of scorn hath blown, asked to open the session with The world its hate hath shown, prayer. This is his petition: Yet i.t i.s not overthrown, HOh God, Father of all nations, Hallelujah for the Cross! Thou hast chosen America as the land in which to experiment with One hundred and twenty-two political democracy for the ex- years ago no enterprize on earth ample of other people in other could have seemed more hopeless lands. Help these lawmakers to than the physical and spiritual make America the finest land in transformation of China. The task the world to live in, the finest, not is not complete and for a long time because of comfort or luxury, but Christian mlsslOnaries will be because it is the place where men needed to give our best to China: can do and serve most. Help them "More workers and better work, to make America the greatest na- more Chapels and better preaching, tion in the world, not in the sense more Hospitals and better doctorthat other nations may fear her ing, more Schools and better teachmost because of her power, but in ing, more Books and better writthe sense that she be loved most ing, more of Spirit of the living because of her great heart; not in Christ, and better Christian living the sense that she has most or gets and more generous Christian giv- ing."

AND ITS FUTURE *

BY REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., Sitapur, India I N SOUTH INDIA there is a danger of Christian missions in In- series of temples enclosed by a dia is syncretism-the mingling of great wall. At one end is a differing religious systems. That temple dedicated to the worship is what the Brahmo Somaj stands or the cobra; at the other end for-they want us to agree that stands a temple dedicated to the Christ is a way and not the Way.

worship of Ramanuja-the highest That is the field on which the battle and purest form of Monotheism in of the immediate future will be Hindu theology. Between these fought. Today they have in India extremes are graduations from a reverence for Christ. We must cobra worship up to this high ideal. now go deeper and teach them the The wall surrounding all these realization of Christ. Admiration temples is Hinduism. It encloses must deepen to adoration.

everything from cobra worship to I would like to see the Mission- the cult of Ramanuja. It is possi- ary Societies of America and Eng- ble for the foreign observer to fas- land send to India a type of mind ten on the cobra worship and say, that is capable of being modified "This is India." On the other hand, on the field. In Moffat's transla- it is possible to fasten on the tem- tion of the Epistles, St. Paul writes pIe at the other end of the enclosure to his converts, "Don't be called and claim that it represents India. fathers. Don't be called teachers Neither gives a true picture of Hin- -I know, and you don't. Don't duism; you must include the whole be called leaders-I lead, and you collection within the walls in your follow; but set out to be called presentation. servants. That is the only attitude The most difficult task of Chris- I can trust you with. The other tian missions in India is yet to attitudes work out in a non-Chris- come. What we have done so far tian way." If you train up young has gone with the stream of India. people to be leaders and half-a-doz- It is the genius of Hinduism to add. en come together, you get a series It has always been willing to take of clashes. It is only through serv- in. Where it has lacked has been ice that we gain leadership. You in the power of eliminating. To cannot train people to be leaders.

add one more deity would not be You can only train people to be a big strain on the soul of India. servants. Leadership is a by-prod- Christ might be added very easily, uct; and renunciation is the path provided you leave it at that. But by which alone true leadership can when you insist that Christ is not be reached. If men come out to only a way but the Way, that goes India self-renounced, ready to lose against the grain in India; that is themselves so as to find themselves, where you come to the crux of the they will become leaders. The day matter-the Cross. The battle is of the master in the East is gone, now being waged. The greatest the day of the servant is just dawn- Rc:::J~rA:~~~r o~:!r~:ti~~~t~/nD;~jO!::h:i~i:~ ing.

~it~n t~~tf~",},~~S w'::li~o~"a~e;aln jL~~':i~I~~tS had India's contribution to the con- ception of Christ is, perhaps, best 697

illustrated by pointing to two char- years ago. St. Paul's groups were acters. The first is Naraya Tilak, ready for self-government immedithe Marathi poet. He is a truly In- ately. But we, in India, did not dian soul, practically untainted by start that way. We built up a vast system which must be overturned Westernism or by the Western when self-government com e s . wrappings of Christianity. But he Large sec t ion s of the Indian is passionately Christian, and his Church are self-governing already. spirit has burst out in poetry. In In the Methodist Episcopal misthat poetry is a mysticism and pas- sions there are two ways in which sionate devotion to Christ that is self-government is being granted. extraordinarily impressive. A Hin- One section turns over completely du said to me one day, "I want to from a mission to a church. In see a man mad with Christ." Tilak the second case, where the church has been caught up in that flame; exists already, the foreigners are yet within it was that quiet poise replaced with Indians. At present which showed in contemplation the Indian Church is taking as round three words–<ievotion, con- much self-government as it wants. templation, simplicity. And a I think the greatest lack in modfourth might be added-the rein- ern Christianity is in our failure terpretation of the Cross until the to experience Pentecost. We are whole self-life is crucified on it; between Easter and .t'entecost. We the idea that we are lost and He have a wistful Christianity that is lives. I think that is the type of wanting something; but it is not contribution India will make to the abundant, assured, conquering. I common stock of Christianity. would be willing to die if I could make that contribution-the redis- I think that probably if we had covery of the radiance that emastarted somewhat differently in In- nated from Pentecost. dia, the Indian Church would have been ready for self-government TESTIMONIES TO MISSIONS IN INDIA T HE Right Honourable Srinivasa Sastri, P.C., who has been Agent- General for India in South Africa, and is not himself a Christian, in a lecture on Christianity in Capetown, said: "It would take too long to recite the vast services that Christian missionaries have rendered in my country. Hundreds and thousands of my countrymen have been educated in Christian colleges and schools; hundreds and thousands of them have found relief in Christian hospitals; hundreds and thousands have been given help in time of distress through fire or flood. The Missions are more to us in these respects than the secular institutions for which the British are responsible."

Lord Lytton, who was born in India, and has been Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Governor of Bengal, as well as Viceroy, speaking at a men's luncheon in London, said: "Compared with State institutions, the mission schools and hospitals have an atmosphere about them which is evidence that they are a work of love. You feel that there is the personal touch there, and you can read in the eyes of patients in hospitals that they are being ministered to and not merely housed."

JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R. *

BY DOROTHY P. CUSHING I F Dr. James L. Barton ever dollars, has been no small part of writes a book on "Famous Peo- this stupendous endeavor. ple I Have Met," and he might Dr. Barton is responsible for the well add, "And Conquered," it will statement that "over $88,000,000 be a best seller of first magnitude. in cash has been received at the From General Allenby to Herbert national office in New York, re- Hoover, up or down, according to ceipted for and appropriated. In your nationality; from Ambassa- addition to this the United States dor to railway conductor or the Government gave $12,800,000 in chauffeurs of a fleet of sea-going food supplies, while American rail- Ford trucks, he meets them in a roads, the United States Govern- gracious, courtly manner, but with ment, and other Governments of a very human twinkle in his keen countries in which the Near East blue eyes which indicates a warm Relief has operated have contrib- and understanding nature and uted more than $5,000,000 in sup- draws out their confidence and al- plies and free service."

legiance to the cause he is serving. "Off the train at Tiflis utter the No, it makes no difference to Dr. words 'Amerikanski Comitet' to Barton whether he tackles a Gov- the taxi driver and he will know ernor-General or the captain of a where to go," says the New York tugboat; he approaches each as a Sun. On the train to Erivan, whis- Christian gentleman and demon- per this phrase to the train constrates that his causes are worthy, ductor and immediately his efficiand that he has the business saga- ency becomes manifestly active. city and generalship to see them Say it in Leninakan and the whole through efficiently. He always goes town smiles. For Amerikanski after a GOOD thing-and gets Comitet means "Near East Relief." The same holds true in Persia, Turwhat he goes after. key, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, For thirteen years, through the Greece and Bulgaria. hectic war days in Turkey and Greece and after, Dr. James L. "Through the operations of the Barton as Chairman of the Near East Relief has guided it with a Near East Relief for the last thirsteady hand along an unswerving teen years," declares Dr. Barton, path of Christian aid to the suffer- "America has assumed the moral ing, until its work is known as the mandate of the Near East. The greatest private relief effort in his- work of this mandate, back of tory. Making a million dollar ap- which there has been no trace of propriation one hundred five times, ulterior motives or taint of political or, to be more explicit, collecting complications, has saved about two and overseeing the expenditure of million human lives. In Armenia money and resources amounting to alone the Soviet officials set 1,000,- 000 lives as the total. To this must about one hundred and five million be added what was done in Persia, in Turkey during the deportations, • From The Mi88iona1"1l Herald. in Syria and regions to which the 699

deportees were sent, in Smyrna, On September 17, 1915, Dr. Bar- during the burning of that city, and ton informed the Secretary of in Greece during the evacuation of State, Robert Lansing, that this more than a million Armenian and conference had decided to take def- Greek refugees." inite and immediate steps toward As Chairman of the Near East securing funds for relief work. He Relief, Dr. Barton has had full op- also stated that Charles R. Crane portunity to exercise that genius and James L. Barton had been sefor organization and direction that lected to come to Washington and has made him famous as a Chris- secure from the files of the State tian diplomat. Picking up a col- Department, if possible, all doculege president here and an aviator ments from Ambassador Morgenthere, commuting to Washington thau bearing on the condition of for conferences with the digni- the people in the stricken areas. taries of the nation on weighty The State Department turned problems of international signifi- over to Dr. Barton all the papers cance-it was evident from the giving information, as well as a start that James L. Barton was the private room and the services of a clerk. All day and far into the "man of the hour." night he worked. He wrote up his In August, 1915, when the im- material, sent it to the headquarpossible happened, the seething cal- ters of the infant Near East Relief dron of war and disaster in the for release to the press of the coun- Near East boiled over. Dr. Barton try and thus fired the first shot of wrote Cleveland H. Dodge, sending a publicity program that brought a similar letter to the representa- many millions of dollars. tives of the Presbyterian Board, Constantinople College, the Syrian The Armenian Relief Committee Protestant University, and Konia in 1919 was incorporated by a spe- Hospital: cial act of Congress as the Near East Relief. "General" Barton The German Ambassador told Mr. then went himself into the field to Morgenthau …… that in case of hos- map out a plan of campaign. He tilities between Germany and the United States every American institution in set sail for the Near East at the Turkey would be at once seized …… If head of three relief units, taking all missionaries and teachers and heads of institutions are withdrawn the Chris- with him fifteen complete hospital tian population will be left wholly at the mercy of the powers that be. outfits, and everything in the way of equipment from a toothbrush to The letter closed with the sug- a truck. gestion that a meeting be held to In London he held conference consider this problem on Thursday, after conference with officials rethe 26th of August, in New York garding warehouses, docks, trans~ City. Following this, on September portation, and military orders. 10th, another informal conference Viscount Bryce came from his was convened with Dr. Barton as country home to confer with Dr. Chairman. On September 14th, Barton and his party. Difficulty in however, Dr. Barton wired Mr. gaining admittance to one English Dodge: hotel was quickly adjusted when a , Am convinced early and comprehen- young British ordnance officer sive conference should be convened your office for consideration Armenian matter. earnestly remonstrated with the You are nominated convener …..• manager: "You little know what

DR. JAMES L. BARTON AND THE N. E. R

this party is. To ignore it might and when Dr. Barton returned to mean international complications!" Aleppo he carried with him a prec- In France he met more dignitaries ious military "flimsy" which read: and held more conferences. In Italy Allow Barton and his party to go he broadcasted information of the where they please. Give them no escort purpose of the movement. And and allow them to take none.

then-to the front! The American The French were eager to give Minister had been ejected from the Americans a guard and a hun- Turkey. Dr. Barton and his party dred men were ready to go into the were without military escort. interior of Turkey as an escort, but When they reached Aleppo they when the Near East Relief train were stopped by British troops un- finally steamed out of Aleppo it der orders from General AlIenby. went without guard.

Then came another series of color- Ten or twelve miles out into "No ful incidents in Dr. Barton's con- Man's Land" the train stopped sud- tact with the military. denly. They saw a group of twelve "Do you object to my going over or so of ferocious looking brigands, your head in an attempt to get Gen- armed to the teeth with guns and eral Allenby to rescind his orders?" knives, and belted with cartridges 1 asked Dr. Barton of the General in Dr. Barton approached the dele- Aleppo. gation.

"No!" was the prompt reply. Did they threaten? Shoot? No!

Dr. Barton slipped over to Cairo They bent low in long gestures of and tackled the great British com- oriental greetings. They had been mander. ordered, they said, by the Governor "I represent America-we are ot Mardin to do. everything in their not at war with this country. We power to help the party. "The Gov- are a philanthropic organization ernor will meet you in person at here to serve all who need us. I the end of the line, and you are to know the language. I have worked be his guests." All the way across in this land," he argued. the country similar parties met and "The country is full of hostile "captured" Dr. Barton. Bouquets, Arabs, Kurds, and Turks," replied gifts of food, houses, furnishings, the commander firmly. "They will and even cooks were offered the capture you as they have captured Americans. Kurds, Arabs and British officers. Then we will have Turks joined in a series of trium- to send men in to rescue you." phal welcomes.

After further discussion General To some who may have looked Allenby agreed to give his permis- upon the Near East Relief as an sion if General Clayton could be emergency move, a hectic period of won over. So Dr. Barton set out heroic measures when blood flowed, for more generals to conquer, and emaciated women and children took up the cudgels for the right dropped by the roadside, and to risk his own life and the lives of corpses lay in mounds in field and his associates, along highways, the sequel of the "We go on a peace mission," he Near East Relief is worthy of men- repeated. "We are unarmed. I do tion.

not believe that we will be cap- "The Near East Relief came .in- tured." to being," Dr. Barton reminds us, After hours the General yielded, "to meet an emergency caused by

the war. When the war was over Committee does not intend to make it found in its orphanages extend- more general appeals it is depend- ing from Turkey to Persia more ent on the generosity of the public than 100,00(J children without to stand by until it can fulfill its known relatives, and in refugee obligations to the last of its wards.

camps found 10,000 more. Most The organization which now of these were far too young to be aims to "see every child through"

cast out into a friendless world, in is called the Near East Institute.

countries and under conditions This committee has been formed which made their physical and mor- from the larger body in order to al survival humanly impossible. see these young and untrained chil- The Committee was convinced that dren safely placed, and in order to it had a moral olJligation to see take charge of the Near East In- these wards through and so placed dustries through which thousands in the community that they would of "ex-orphans" and widows make have a fair chance to survive. their living, and to help develop the Skilled social workers place these agricultural enterprises which have children in safe homes and in posi- sprung from the work.

tions where they can make good, Dr. Barton epitomizes the his- and for a year at least follow them tory of the Near East Relief in the up, for the Near East Relief con- words, "The emergency was unsiders itself in loco parentis to avoidable, the acceptance was every child. Wards cannot marry Christlike, the outcome divine."· until the committee has passed on the wives or husbands-to-be. • A survey volume called liThe Near East There are yet, after the Near and American Philanthro-py" has come from the Columbia University Press; 308 page.; East Relief has dissolved, several $3.50. The report recommends drastic changes thousand of these unrooted chil- in the emphasis of American philanthropy and dren, some of whom are under ten a new policy which involves the elosest cooperaor twelve years of age. While the tion with native governments. The stndy eon- tains reliable data of p.resent economic and social conditions in Armenia, Albania, Bul- garia, Greece, Turkey. Iraq, Palestine and Syria.

RECLAIMING THE BOYS OF CRIMINAL TRIBES IN INDIA MR. FREDERICK WEBER, an American Y. M. C. A. secretary at Lahore, recently visited a Government Criminal Tribe Settlement of several thousand people adjacent to which is a Government Industrial Boarding School for Criminal Tribe boys. These boys are taught in their earliest years to rob and steal and are praised by their parents for clever acts of robbing or thieving. In spite of the strong psychological effects produced on the youthful imagination by such treatment, the government is making valiant efforts to reclaim the younger generation of these people. Seventy-five boys who have been taken from their parents in order to remove them from this atmosphere of crime are being taught carpentry, weaving and tailoring so that they may be able later on to earn a respectable living.

The Lahore Y. M. C. A. is cooperating to help these boys. It is conducting a social and physical activities program for them, including ball games, boxing contests, and hockey. When the secretaries left, after a two-hour program, one of the boys asked, in the vernacular: "Won't you please stay here and live with us 1"

Missionary Conference of Africa where there is a great

Miss Wrong carnes from the Student THE Eighteenth Annual Conference Christian Movement of which she has of Missionary Societies in Great been one of the Missionary Secretaries Britain and Ireland was held at The and has traveled widely in Africa. The Hayes, Swanwick, from June 12th to conference also gave its approval to 15th. The two chairmen were the Rev. the suggestion that a commission W. J. Noble of the Wesleyan Method- should be appointed to enquire into the ist Missionary Society, and Canon Spanton of the Universities' Mission colleges of India. to Central Africa. About 140 members There was throughout the meetings were present, but there were no native representatives of the younger a sense of the seriousness of the preschurches in China, India and Africa. ent world situation, and there was a deep sense of the need of greater re- At the first session, the Rev. William sources in Christ than any the church Paton, one of the secretaries of the has yet claimed or experienced.

International Missionary Council, World Alliance of Reformed spoke of "The Menace of Secularism in the Near East," and pictured the Churches changes which are taking place in the The Council of the World Alliance World of Islam through the break-up of Reformed Churches met at Boston, of the old Islamic civilization. There from June 19th to 27th: the meeting is on every side a tendency for the was presided over by Dr. Charles Merle Moslem peoples to break away from d'Aubigne, of Paris. Among the subthe past, but there is little evidence of jects dealt with were the following: any wide acceptance of Christ. The The Jerusalem Council Message, the same is true all over the world in a Church and the Modern World, Womgreater or less degree. Old sanctions en's Work in the Alliance, the Record are being destroyed and the Christian of Alliance in the Religious World, people are not ready with their claim Religion in Colleges and Universities, to take the vacant place. Old syntheses Exchange of Students, Presbyterian are breaking, and ancient satisfactions Standard for the Education of the Minare not being replaced by the satisfac- isters, the Strength and Weakness of tion that comes from Christ. Turkey the Youth Movement, the Christian is seeking to order its life by adopting Home in Modern Social and Industrial a Swiss civil code, a German commer- Life, Problems of Church Union in the cial code, and an Italian criminal code, Foreign Field, the Reformed Churches but there is no evidence of any realiza- and the Lausanne Message, Essentials tion of the needs that can be supplied of the Reformed Faith and System to only by Christ. be Conserved in Proposed Church Unions, International Peace. The appointment of Miss Margaret Wrong as Secretary of the Christian Literature Bureau for Africa marked Movements 'Toward Church an important step in the united work Union of the missionary societies in America, Britain and on the Continent. This Nearly 1,100 "Pilgrims" from the Bureau will seek to provide Christian Free Churches of England, Scotland literature in the languages and dialects and Wales recently visited Canada to 703

study the functioning of the church Towards a National Church union. The group consisted, approximately, of 500 Congregationalists, 260 In South Africa at the closing ses- Methodists, 200 Presbyterians, 50 Bap- sion of the upper house of the African tists and 45 others. National Congress, held at Bloemfon- tein, the delegates devoted their atten- The Rev. A. G. Sleep declared that tion to the growing number of the United Church of Canada was one religious sects in the country for the of the greatest ecclesiastical experi- furtherance of the spiritual life of the ments ever attempted, and that the African people. The view was exsuccess of its operation would do much pressed that the time has come for the to promote denominational union in establishment of one national church Great Britain. It was intended, as a to embrace all the independent organresult of the present visit, to have in izations, and to that end it was reevery county in England an informed solved that a conference of all African central organization which would in- churches be convened to consider how terpret the church union movement of this can be achieved and to devise ways Canada. Dr. J. D. Jones, says that and means of establishing a national there has already been steady prog- college for the training of African ress, resulting in a tacit understand- clergy. This resolution was referred ing among the denominations so that to the executive of the African Nationdenominational rivalry in Great Brit- al Congress, with power to act. The ain is now becoming a thing of the outcome of this resolution will be past. watched with interest.

In India an important report on the An Institute for Race Relations unity of the churches has just been published and will be presented to the With a view to the further study of Anglican Church, the Methodist Epis- racial relations in South Africa and copal Church and the United Church the coordination of effort for the betof South India, for discussion and if terment of conditions of life among accepted, the United Church of South non-Europeans, a non-political "South India will be the first to have bridged African Institute for Racial Relations" the gulf separating the Free Churches has been formed with Dr. C. T. Loram from the Anglican. The question of as chairman. The committee consists the episcopate has been the chief diffi- of prominent men of both races, inculty. The suggested solution provides cluding Professor Jabavu, of South that the synod will be the chief legis- African Native College, Fort Hare. lative and practical authority in the The institute will investigate social, future United Church, with the bishop economic and other problems, and will as the main administrative officer of aim at the dissemination of informathe Synod, and with special authority tion concerning the non-European in matters affecting faith and worship. races of South Africa, and the encour- The report expresses the hope that the agement of agricultural development. United Church of South India will lead The organization of health facilities to the establishment of one church and the provision of recreational, eduthroughout the whole country. A con- cational and religious agencies will ference has recently been held at Luck- likewise come within its province. The now for the promotion of church union Committee has appointed Mr. Rheinin North India and was attended by hallt Jones, of the University of Witrepresentatives of the Methodist Epis- watersrand, to the post of adviser on copal Church, the Wesleyan and Bap- race relations, with the special duty of tist Churches, the United Church of assisting bodies engaged in work tend- North India, the Church of the Dis- ing towards better race relationships. ciples of Christ, the Brotherhood He will assume his responsibilities Church, and the Wesleyan Methodist early in 1930. Church.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE NEW STEWARDSHIP short cut to church finance whereby the METHODS few but fortunate groups that follow By HARVEY REEVES CALKINS, D.D. it are enabled to meet their local and It is a joy to know that I am not benevolence budgets with smiling ease.

expected to discourse on get-rich-quick Church finance, in its stewardship methods of church finance. Rather, I connotations, is nothing less than the am invited to write on the spiritual, Christian interpretation of property social, and economic implications of itself. It means, and will continue to the stewardship message of American mean, that church finance is freed Protestantism, a message which is but from petty and worrisome devices beginning its prophetic and creative whose appeal is to the smaller rather sweep through our generation. than the larger motives of men and women; but, vastly more than pro- Even so one can hardly overlook the grams and plans, it signifies the triamazing financial development within umphant way of Christ in the midst the American churches whereby the of human affairs. If it is to be realreceipts of a group of fifteen denomi- ized, we must know that Stewardship nations for the cause of Foreign Mis- Methods refer to spiritual and mental sions has been increased from five and attitudes no less than to outward ada quarter millions at the beginning of ministrations. Two of these are here the century to more than five times written down, Discovery and Courage. that amount this year. The influence I. First of all, we must discover, of the organized stewardship move- in ourselves and in our generation, ment is registered in the treasuries of that multitudes of Christians have not all the boards, and it looks as though yet made practical alignment of their the American churches have embarked faith with the social and economic on a voyage of spiritual discovery. standards of J.esus.

The analogy is exactly that. When Two considerations will obscure this Columbus set sail in the summer of unwelcome discovery: (1) Many 1492, it was his expectation to find a Christians are accustomed to set be- "short cut" to the East Indies. He fore themselves the purpose of acbrought back with him much gold, but quiring riches with the sincere probably never realized that a new expectation of using their entire continent had been opened to the wealth, apart from a wholesome comworld. He died in the vain imagina- petency for their families, for the tion that Europe had found vast en- furtherance of wide and generous richment through the alluring, but philanthropy; and (2) multitudes of dubious method of sharing what bold Christians, whose ability and opporvoyagers might bring back from the tunity preclude the reasonable expecmysterious West. He never knew that tation of acquiring riches, are the western continent itself would re- governed by the same attitude toward create the world's philosophy of life. life and possessions as that which ani- mates the minds of those who are far The churches are but now discov- advanced in the pursuit of riches. ering that the dynamic stewardship message of our generation is not a 705 4

Therefore, as it seems to many, Ameri- cial and economic relationships as are can civilization is already largely ac- involved in property, value, income, tuated by a Christian view of life. work, leisure, obligation, organization, But two other considerations will acknowledgment.

brush away the mental haze which so In this brief resume none of these easily clouds over our perceptions: relationships can be discussed, further (1) In the complex life of the modern than to suggest that all such terms of business world, Christian men and business and finance thrill with an un- women find themselves, without active seen spiritual presence.

volition on their part, enmeshed in a Take, for instance, the spiritual con- philosophy of ownership whose ori- tent of acknowledgment. Though ex- gins and sanctions are historically pa- pressed in economic terms, it brings gan. (2) In the midst of an economic swift realization of the Supreme Per- order, whose standards of acquisition son in the world of persons, and, there- and administration are based on the with, it connotes the social responsibil- profit motive, Christian men and wom- ity of Christian men. They are God's en (for more than forty per cent of representatives in the world. Money American invested wealth is in the rightfully becomes the symbol of spir- hands of women) are ensnared by the itual power because it has been made ancient yet evil counsel-that a friend- the vehicle of spiritual experience.

ly purpose of ultimately doing good But notice how pole-wide is the dis- removes the sting from the self-seek- tance between this and the revenue- ing and often unfriendly methods of producing interpretation which some- the actual business world. times passes as one of the stewardship However, if the business world, as principles of the Protestant Churches.

exemplified in ourselves and others, The setting apart of a definite portion does not enable us to make the needed of income, in acknowledgment of the discovery, the churches will jar us supreme dominion of God, searches out broad awake. (1) In order that they the ethical sources of income as the may be prepared to do the greater good spectrum of a pin-point of light – surely an exalted motive – the searches out the chemical constituents churches have not been unwilling to of the sun; for the portion represents receive from their members a portion the whole; it thus becomes a pledge of the proceeds of our unbrotherly that the whole of income shall be ac- social order, and have not been dili- quired with "justice, and mercy, and gent to declare the whole counsel of faith," and that it shall be adminis- God in the realm of property, income, tered as a social trust.

industry, and business.. (2) The So- Only as it thus registers a purpose cial Ideals of the Churches, though of personal and social righteousness formally accepted as a statement of does the separated portion become a .principles, are hampered and often storehouse from which, in personal nullified in actual realization by the in- and social administration, the churches herited attitudes of Christian people, and other institutions of religious and and by the discrimination in many spiritual culture may expect to receive churches as between "spiritual reli- commensurate and worthy support.

gion" and what is often termed "the And this very fact searches out the so-called social gospe!." worship, fellowship, doctrine, and pro- II. Second, we must have within gram of the churches, as already it has ourselves, and stimulate in the mind of searched out the ethical sources of in- our generation, the courage which sees come; it insures for the churches fi- that the historic faith of the church delity to the spiritual and social ideals can be realized in the fresh and vivid of Jesus.

terms of modern life; especially must As with acknowledgment, so also we have courage to see that the Chris- with property, value, income and all tian faith can be realized in such so- the other human-relationship terms of

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the business and industrial world; it is given personal and close attention.

they are crowded with spiritual mean- Here, finally, is a strong tower for ing. Realizing, thus, the actual and Christian men and women "when the modern meaning of the Christian blast of the terrible ones is as a storm faith, men and women who know some- against the wall." The church herself thing of the meaning of faith's reality need never fear but that bread shall will refuse to remain caught in a pa- be given her, that her waters shall be gan philosophy of property, they will sure, that her place of defense shall be be spiritually strengthened to continue as the munitions of rocks. It is those in our present "acquisitive society" yet who set themselves to follow the ethics not be of it, and they will become cre- of Jesus who need the church's encour- ative factors in bringing to pass the agement and support in the midst of Kingdom of God among men. the social and economic problems of III. Where, in all this, is that per- modern civilization. Such faithful ennial problem of Kingdom support stewards will never forget the church which has perplexed so many devoted and her program; but as for the laymen, and has given so many anxious church, she may yet know the stern joy hours to the women of all the of cutting down her budgets that she churches? It is a gladness to suggest may walk shoulder to shoulder with that the solution is already at hand. her heroic sons and daughters who Stewardship reaches men in their have taken their economic life in their social and economic relationships be- hands that they may work out the new fore it really takes hold of them in (yet old!) program of the Kingdom in their church affiliations. For this very the midst of life's affairs.

reason, when men and women recog- nize the spiritual content of property A WORLD FELLOWSHIP and the social implications of owner- DEMONSTRATION ship, their church loyalties become creative. They, themselves, become (Short-effective) pioneers in the Kingdom of God. Flag Raising at the National Meeting of The Women's Missionary Association Church and mission "support" is no of the United Brethren in Christ longer named as a church objective; it emerges as a corollary of the main By JANET GILBERT, Secy. of Otterbein Guild proposition. And the main proposition is this: God recognized and acknowl- "It was one of the most colorful and edged in the realm of material value. impressive dramatizations I have ever It is here that church finance rises seen." This sentiment was heard on from its uncomfortable corner in the every hand after the presentation of Committee on Ways and Means and "The Flag Raising" at our biennial takes its rightful place at the center of board meeting.

the Church's Message. And here is The auditorium in which it was giv- the reason why men and women be- en seemed ideal, for the platform was come interested-I mean interested- spacious, with steps at each side, and, in the practical problem of Kingdom at the rear of the platform, there was support: it has emerged out of life a balcony which was used to advan- itself. Therefore, the problem is given tage.

first hand attention as are all the pri- As the strains of music from the mary considerations of life. In a word, violin and piano were heard, two girls economic relationships in their true in white flaring robes took their places, and spiritual perspective means to men one on each side of the platform at the the thrilling discovery of God in the steps. Then the processional of a Fili- midst of life's affairs. The business pino girl, an African girl, an American of the Kingdom becomes their busi- girl and eleven other girls, each in the ness; it is placed on the day's agenda costume of a different nation, came with other items of first importance; down the center aisle. These came

slowly so that our attention was fo- As I was walking from the church cused upon only two at one time as to the old stone parsonage, I noted, in they separated in the front of the spite of lowering clouds driven ragroom, each receiving the flag of her gedly before a March wind, a glint nation from one of the girls on the of color at my feet. Regardless of steps and taking her place on the plat- sandburrs and stickers I knelt eagerly form. The girls in the balcony then in the grass, and, just under shelter raised the two flags simultaneously as of the board walk, almost completely each girl followed eagerly with her hidden, I found scores of Johnnyeyes the flag of her nation. Jump-Ups turning up their tiny faces to assure us of returning life after The last of the fourteen flags to be seeming death. How can we question raised was the American flag which, of the continuance of life and immortality course, thrilled us and brought us to in the face of Easter, to me the most our feet. It truly was a beautiful pic- impressive of all the Christian festiture to see the fourteen girls in cos- vals? I gathered a few of the sweet tume and above them floating in the little tokens to brighten the silence of air the fourteen large flags. The my room, which always used to ring picture presented was made more with life and laughter, and then my beautiful as a girl, representing the eye caught another wonder. A big spirit of Christianity, with stately apricot tree by my gate had suddenly tread came' down the aisle, received burst into bloom, and white blossoms the Christian flag and took her place were opening hour by hour. The exin the center of this group of nations. quisite song of the western meadow Again we were on our feet as the lark heralded the miracle, and invited Christian flag was raised as a quartet me to the celebration. As I came sang: thoughtfully to my work, events, re- cent and from the long ago, surging Fling out the banner, let it float, in my mind somewhat confusedly, as Skyward and seaward, high and wide, if driven by March winds, took on or- der and color, just as the sun broke The sun that lights its shining folds, through the flying clouds, and flooded The cross on which the Saviour died. my Johnny-Jump-Ups and the white apricot tree, and caused the friendly And then came the most tense mo- meadow lark to call in his whole choir ment of all when the Christian flag to back his efforts as herald of the was raised far above all the others and spring. the Spirit of Christianity stepped forward and gave the lines of the beauti- Like a moving picture before my ful hymn, "In Christ There Is No East eyes, there came the memory of such or West," and closed with the prayer: a morning, long past, when I heard the "0 thou strong Father of all nations, distant voice of an Indian "crying the draw all thy great family together camp." It was Easter Sunday. I liswith an increasing sense of our com- tened but had to turn to a beautiful mon blood and destiny, that peace may Cheyenne girl who was then living with come on earth at last, and thy sun may us and ask her to tell me what the shed its light rejoicing on a holy broth- chief was crying. She said slowly, as erhood of peoples. Amen." she caught the far-away, but sonorous voice, "He says to the people, 'Awake! This presentation will long remain Awake! This is the day when Jesus in the minds of all of us who saw it, made a road for us through death and and I trust it will lead us to earnestly the grave to life. Awake your children, seek to make real this fellowship of and come to the church to thank him. love throughout the whole wide earth. Awake, awake!'" Both chief and In- dian maiden are now gone into that INDIAN INCIDENTS great beyond, but, far and wide, the By MARY W. ROE, Colony, Oklahoma (Personally given for this department at the Northfield Home Missions Summer Conference.)

Indians have been told of Him who but triumphant paleness of the sucsaid, "I am the resurrection and the cessful heroes, at last, at last, coming life." over on board, as described in Mrs. Baldwin's wonderful "Log" in The A turn of thought, perhaps again Outlook. Is this the generation of my meadow lark suggesting, and a youth of which so many speak in acscene of recent days arose. I was in a cents of despair? great hotel at a banquet. The guests had pushed back from the table. Rev. Years ago an Indian father brought Henry Roe Cloud had just finished a to me his boy to take and educate as a dignified, weighty and noble speech, his fine Indian wife eagerly looking Christian. I told him that I could not up at him with lustrous eyes, and Mr. take him into my own horne, with my Cloud had just introduced two other sick husband, and uncertain and irreg- Indians, Rev. Philip Frazier, Sioux, ular life, but that I would take respongraduate of Oberlin, and his wife, also sibility for him. He was received into an Indian, and a graduate of Earlham the warm hearts and simple home of College. They passed quietly to the the Van Donselaars in Sioux Center, piano, and when the two rich, trained and later they moved to Holland, Michand exquisitely harmonizing voices igan, where he was graduated from rang out together, a prominent citizen Hope College. Recently he came to at my si<;le said, "What splendid Wichita to help Mr. Cloud put across poise !" Then, when the last notes of his heavy task-namely, to carry his an Indian love song died away, he school for training a Christian Indian added, "But these young Indians could leadership over, not only financially, earn thousands of dollars on the stage but spiritually. This young Comanche, with such voices." I answered, "Yes, James Ottipobi, explained to me that but they told me today that no money he was not side-stepping the ministry, could draw them away from their as he had never felt fully called to Christian work among their old Kick- that, knowing so well the many and apoos in which they were too happy to trying demands upon the man who is be able to tell their soul satisfaction." at the head of any mission, but that The business man looked from one to he did want to teach his own people the other of these two Indian couples; in a Christian mission school. So he a strange, deep light began to touch responded to Mr. Cloud's call, who now the rugged features, and I saw the must feel as Dr. Roe, years ago, said message of new life out of the death he felt when Dr. Vander Meulen came of the old once more strike home. to us-"Like a spent soldier, alone, and with a broken sword, but still fac- This picture faded, and the March ing the opposing forces, when suddenwind heralded another, a stormy ocean, ly a young, strong man draws a fresh a sinking vessel, with desperate men weapon at his side." clinging to its shattered hulk, and, steaming round and round, the Theo- That carried my mind to the picture dore Roosevelt under its gallant Capt. of little Bobbie Chaat in his dirty lit- Fried, circling day and night, waiting, tle camp dress, crying lustily with or striving and risking men and prop- wide-open mouth, and, by his looks, erty to save those precious lives. I loudly demanding help from somebody, could almost see the splendid volun- somewhere. The other day in a big teers, gladly, eagerly offering even to conference I saw the leader making his swim across the welter of waters to way, as I thought, toward me, evidenttake a line to that sinking vessel. I ly for the music. I shrank back into could see the small, frail steward, cry- my seat, for I was so weary, but he ing in a corner because his repeated stopped and asked Mr. Robert Chaat offers as volunteer had been turned if he would take charge of the music. dOVIn. I could also see the drawn faces Instantly he rose and took his place on of the rescued men, and the solemn the platform, and quietly, capably, and

correctly he filled the place and seized As they drop in the blooming time, his opportunity. Is an infant plant that fastens its roots Another exquisite picture rises. In the place where it falls on the Spring in Washington-the smooth ground, lawn of the White House, with glory of trees and flowers, and the stately And as fast as they drop from the dying columns of the nation's home of Pres- stem, idents as background in front of which stands a memorable group,-President Grow lively and lovely around, Coolidge, with Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, By dying it liveth a thousand fold Winnebago, and Rev. Sherman Coolidge, Arapahoe, to right and left, and, In the young that spring from the facing the President, Miss Ruth Musk- death of the old. rat, dressed in an exquisite buckskin Indian dress, fashioned by the trained Have you heard this tale,-the best of all, and skillful fingers of our Colony In- The tale of the holy and true? dian women, and holding out to the President the book on Indians pre- He dies, but His life in untold souls pared by our friend, Mr. Lindquist, Lives on in the world anew; specially bound in a cover designed by one of our owtJ. Indian school boys, and His seed prevails and is filling the earth, beaded by our women workers. In her As stars fill the sky above. simple, but eloquent address she spoke of the fact that a new generation of He taught us to yield up the love of life, Indian youth is now before the coun- For the sake of the life of love. try, eager to pass on to the world their precious inheritance from the historic His death is our life, His loss is our past, to learn new values from new gain; contacts, and to serve both their own race and ours in the conflict for The joy for the tear, the peace for the right. pain.

I could describe many an appealing GAMBLING scene, but these are enough to make us feel the stirring of new faith and hope, Some years ago a highly cultu'red as we hear the calls for help coming from distant Indian peoples of many Indian said to his mother, "Just why nations, and we veterans see the ranks is gambling wrong? I can't see that of a new generation sweep onto the it is stealing or treachery. I have been field. taught that it is wrong, but I cannot see any moral evil in it." The mother *** thought awhile, realizing that gam- bling had long been the besetting sin The following poem has reached me from Central America: of the Indian race. Then she said: "Gambling is an THE ALOE PLANT economic crime. It is taking some- Have you heard the tale of the aloe plant, thing for nothing. If you admit that Away in the sunny clime, it is allowable and even right in an By humble growth of a hundred years economic sense. you strike at the. very It reaches its blooming time, root of well ordered civilization. If a man can say to a contractor, a mer- And then a wondrous bud at its crown chant, an educator, or to any other Breaks into a thousand flowers; man, 'This service which you have This floral queen, in its blooming time, rendered is good, but I will return Is the pride of the tropical bowers, nothing of value for it,'-admit this, and there is no foundation for econom- But the plant to the flower is sacrifice, ic life. Admit this and colleges and For it blooms but once and then it dies. modern business could not stand. Dur- Have you further heard of the aloe plant, ing the great war the first establish- That grows in the sunny clime, ments to be closed were the great gambling centers." How everyone of its thousand flowers, "I see it now," said the son. No state can advance when the get- ting of something for nothing becomes their accepted line of thought. This strong tendency toward gambling may have had much to do with the tragic economic history of the American In~ dians as well as with their lack of mor- al development.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd St., New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions INSTITUTE OF RELIGION While the conference has concerned itself primarily with the problem of Called by the Ollristian Herald; held at unity in the United States, we have Buck H!Il Falls, Pa., June 10-1:1, 1929. had ever in mind the fact that the movement in this country is but a part Findings of a world-wide movement, the influ- ence of which is being felt on all the 1. Occasion for the Conference continents ….. .

During the past four years, three 2. Reasons for Unity great international conferences have been held on the subject of Christian Whether we consider the need of unity j that of Stockholm in 1925 dealt the world for a forceful and united with questions of life and work, that witness to the great moral and reliof Lausanne in 1927 dealt with ques- gious verities of our Christian faith, tions of faith and order, that of Jeru- or the need of our children and young salem in 1928 dealt with the people for an intelligent and effective missionary responsibility of the Christian education, or the wasteful- Church. ness of our present ecclesiastical organization with its needless dupli- In these conferences the reasons for cation of machinery and its unchrisunity were considered, its possibilities tian rivalry and competition; whether explored, many misunderstandings we consider the countryside with its and obstacles removed, and a clear many struggling and competing conviction was won by representative churches or the cities with their teem- Christians of many countries and of ing population, multitudes of them many branches of the Church that the wholly out of touch with the work and time has come for some signal step life of the church, the need of conforward ….. . solidation and unity stares us in the face. How can a church so divided Such action to be effective requires preach unity and brotherhood to a dinot only the consent of the leaders, vided' world ….. . but the hearty cooperation and support of the church membership as a Our young people entering life unwhole; but we face the fact that for der conditions wholly different from lack of adequate educational methods their parents cannot understand the the gains made in these central con- reasQns which make such a situation ferences have not yet been shared with possible and will only be reached by the great body of the churches, and a church which deals with present livtherefore the resolute will to unity, ing issues in a practical modern way. which is essential to success, is not yet present on a nation-wide scale . . . . Only if we face seriously these prac- tical problems in the country, in the Unlike the official gatherings already nation and in the church shall we be referred to, this conference is a meet- able to overcome the most serious of ing of individuals called together by all the foes of unity, that self-satisfied a leading interdenominational journal spirit which is content with things as for the purpose, not so much of sug- they are and stubbornly resists all gesting new methods of approach to change. the task which confronts us, as of mobilizing the resources which will make possible its accomplishment.

711

3. Progress Toward Unity mediately practicable. The difficulties in the way are too great and the sin- We rejoice in the steps that have cere differences of conviction too deepalready been taken in the direction of seated to make the advocacy of any church cooperation and unity. Heart- complete plan practicable, but it does ening progress has been made in the mean that whatever steps we now take federation of hitherto separated should be regarded not as the measure churches, in the local community, in of final attainment but only as steps the state, and in the nation. Many toward a goal which will unfold as we congregations which have hitherto proceed. been worshiping in separate buildings have been united in community We record with gratitude the fact churches. Useful steps have been that in the discussion at Lausanne it taken and are still being taken, in co- was definitely recognized that whatordinating and simplifying our ecclesi- ~ver form unity may ultimately take, astical machinery, and in great central It must be such as to make room for bodies like the Foreign Missions Con~ a wide measure of variety and conference, the Home Missions Council, serve the values for which each of the the Council of Women for Home Mis- great permanent types of Christians sions, the Federation of Woman's stand. The unity we seek, far from Boards of Foreign Missions, the Fed- being inconsistent with liberty, must eral Council .of the Churches of Christ conserve it as our most priceless posin America, the Council of Church session. Boards of Education, and the International Council of Religious Education, 4. Some Obstacles the church possesses agencies through which it is functioning effectively in 1. Differences of conviction as to the matters of common interest. nature of the Church.

But useful and necessary as are all 2. The inherent difficulty of changing these steps, we are convinced that they methods which have become familiar and are not enough. Our existing methods through which valuable results are beare too cumbrous. The authority ing reached. granted to the central bodies is too limited to make possible effective ac- 3. The difficulty which arises from tion on the scale that is now impera- vested interests. tively demanded. With all recognition of the great values for which the de- 4. The social, racial, and psychological nominations have stood, values with- barriers between groups. out which the whole church would be appreciably poorer, we feel that the 5. The provincial spirit which takes time has come when the differences pride in old ways and lacks imagination between the denominations are no to realize the larger issues involved. longer such as should keep us apart. Some of these differences have been It is clear that in our approach to outgrown. In other cases the distinc- the task before us we must distinguish tive points of view have been accepted clearly between the problem of unity by other bodies. No denomination to- as it presents itself to those who are day has a monopoly of the truth for separated by sincere differences of which it originally came into being. conviction as to the nature of the We hold, therefore, that some form of church, and to those whose difficulties union is necessary today, in order to are practical and personal. It is futile secure a more efficient church and re- to seek organic unity with Christians lease for more constructive purposes of the first type until we have done the resources now frequently wasted. what is practicable to secure unity be- tween Christians of the second type. This does not mean that organic union on a world-wide scale is im- 5. Ways of Approach Two lines of progress seem immedi- ately practicable, in both of which im- portant steps are already being taken: 1. The reunion of separated bodies of related denominational families.

2. The strengthening of existing co- operative agencies to the point where in-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

stead of being, as at present, largely People's Societies, looking toward the es- consultative bodies, they become admin- tablishment of a United Young People's istrative bodies, doing for all the Movement. churches the things that can best be done together. (fl We commend the cooperative work now being done in the field of religious In the matter of practical coopera- education, but we feel that it should be tion also encouraging progress is be- greatly extended and that it should be ing made. We need only refer to the applied to all ages and groups. We sug- work now being done by bodies which gest to the International Council of Reare carrying on effective cooperative ligious Education the preparation of work in many fields. But this is only suitable courses dealing with church a beginning. What would it mean if unity. in each of the larger centers of our country some commanding enterprise (g) We believe that a great service of interdenominational significance may be rendered by our existing religious. journals enlisting the support of their could be carried on, not by any indi- readers and of other journals in church vidual denomination but in the name unity. of the church as a whole ….. . (h) We recommend that as an aid in So far as we are kept apart by ques- creating the mind to unity, which is our tions of principle which grow out greatest present need, the widest pub- licity be given to the gains which will of differences in our view of the result from the consolidation of our at church, we recommend the continua- present divided resources. tion of conference on the points which (i) We rejoice in the growing interest now divide us. But in the meantime of our seminary students in the movewe urge with all the force at our com- ment for unity, and we recommend to mand that there be the largest possible ali seminaries that this movement be cooperation in all those practical mat- adequately studied in the seminaries and ters which do not involve the theory the provision be made through extension courses on a wide scale for informing the of the church, to the end that our wit- ministers who have already been graduness to the world may be as impres- ated as to what is being done in this field. sive and united as possible ….. . (j) In view of the fact that 1930 marks 6. Specific Suggestions the closing year of the Nineteenth Cen- tenary of the public ministry of Jesus, (a) We recognize the contribution as well as the Nineteenth Centenary of which the Community Church movement Pentecost, we recommend to the approis making to the cause of Christian unity, priate denominational and interdenomibut we call attention to the importance national agencies the propriety of making of the movement establishing and main- revisions in their programs for confertaining a vital connection with the mis- ence, study, and prayer regarding church sionary, benevolent, and educational unity ….. . enterprises of the church as a whole …. In all that we have said we have (b) We recommend that in order to hasten the improvement of conditions in been deeply conscious that whatever the weaker communities and the countryside, strong state federations or Home we do in the way of improving admin- Missions Councils be formed which shall relate the resources of the stronger istrative machinery will be futile if it churches to those that are weaker. does not spring out of the deep and (c) We favor new experiments in cooperation between different denomina- passionate conviction of the importions or groups, which, if successful, may afterwards be repeated on a large scale. tance of the cause which we seek to (d) We suggest that a study be made promote. The church of the Living of the possibilities of uniting the business services of the various denominations God exists for the purpose of helping and interdenominational bodies in the interest of economy and efficiency. men and women everywhere to realize (e1 We recommend that in this coming the presence of God as the fact of year a preliminary inquiry be made of facts for individual and for social life. the possibility of bringing about closer relations betwepn the various Young We earnestly desire for the churches to which we belong and for the church as a whole such a revival of this Jiving sense of the presence of God as shall make it a fact to the men of today and shall help the church to realize its high responsibility as the body of Christ, the agency through which His spirit is conveyed to the spirits of men. EDITED BY MISS AMY G. LEWIS, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, Executive Secretary of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America, and editor of this Bulletin, after several months of illness passed away July 23 in a hospital in Minneapolis.

ELLA D. MACLAURIN-AN of Ida Scudder's mother and the second in honor of Dr. Stephen Smith, father APPRECIATION of Mrs. James Madison Pratt. Will those who read this send to me at 144 By HELEN B. MONTGOMERY Dartmouth Street, Rochester, N. Y., a gift to keep green the memory of our The death of Ella D. MacLaurin, on dear Ella D. MacLaurin. Even small July 23d, in a hospital in Minneapolis, gifts will help and this should be a has come as a great shock. When I gift of love. first came into missionary work, she was already engaged in speaking and writing and traveling in the interests of foreign missions. For years, she Miss Ella D. MacLaurin was born was secretary of the Baptist Women's in Canada, of Scotch descent, and came Board, and to it she gave many effec- to the United States at an early age. tive years of service, with complete For forty years she devoted herself to absorption in the cause, by writing, religious work in the Baptist denomiaddresses and above all by prayer. nation, with the Y. W. C. A. and with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Later she became one of the secre- Foreign Missions of North America. taries of the Foreign Branch of the Y. W. C. A. and poured into its serv- She had a great respect for law, and ice all the rich devotion of her nature. strongly supported the 18th amend- The heavy curtailment of its work in ment to the Constitution. She also China made necessary by the World eagerly worked for the closer Chris- War, led to her withdrawal and she tian fellowship of the women of the became Executive Secretary for the world, all cooperating together in the Federation of Women's Boards of For- service of Christ. She often expressed eign Missions. the hope that a fund might be estab- Iished to enable some of the best teach- I cannot imagine her in any heaven ers and preachers from America to being content so long as Jesus Christ visit the foreign mission fields to bring was yet uncrowned as King in the Kingdom of God, so long as one corner inspiration and encouragement to those of the earth remained unresponsive to cut off from hearing such messages as His sway; so long as one heart failed these experts could bring. She hoped to yield Him allegiance. She would that by a reciprocal arrangement outstill be eager to work and pray for the standing native Christian leaders from great cause for which she had given mission lands might come to America her life. "to lead us to a closer life for God and His world." When I learned of her death, an idea came to me, inspired I believe, by the Miss MacLaurin was deeply inter- Spirit of God, that her friends out of ested in students-especially women every communion should establish a and girls-who were seeking an edumemorial bed in the obstetrical ward cation under difficulties and a strong in Ida Scudder's great hospital for supporter of world peace movements. women in Vellore, India. This ward contains 26 beds, each of which costs Miss MacLaurin was active up to the $1,000 to endow in perpetuity. The last and went home on July 23d, servfirst memorial bed was given in honor ices being conducted in Trinity. Bap- . tist Church, Minneapolis, July 25th.

714 AFTER JERUSALEM A new psychology is evident. The After Edinburgh for many years day of "defeatism" is beginning to missionary leaders drew inspiration pass. The present is not spoken of as and charted their course from that a time "to hold our own," "to dig in" great conference. Under the leader- but as a time to press forward. For ship of Dr. John R. Mottand Mr. J. more than a year we have been hear- H. Oldham wonderful changes have ing of Kagawa's "Million Souls Camtaken place in the Christian church paign" in Japan with churches and around the world. Old fears and prej- missionaries following this "flaming udices are being removed, narrow torch." Now we learn that in China views and circumscribed lives are giv- the new church has accepted as its ing place to world vision and world goal the doubling of its membership activities. in the next five years. In five years to win as many converts as have been Those who participated in the Jeru- won in the last century surely is an salem meeting last year assure us that undertaking of inspiring faith. Dr. it was a· great experience in living, Mott pointed out that in the history working, thinking through together. of the Christian church a new move- Most diverse groups carne to Jerusa- ment is Q.SualIy preceded by a time of lem. Many deep antagonisms were testing and purifying. In China rerepresented and were openly expressed cent months have been such a time. in the first week. The East and the We hear with great admiration of the West, the younger and the older courage, endurance, ability of the Chichurches, the pietist, the economist. nese Christian leaders. Surely we may Out of this diversity was achieved a expect great things in the East. marvelous unity. Dr. Mott presented thirteen concrete From Jerusalem delegates returned proposals for mission boards. In outto report to their churches what God line they are as follows: had wrought in his children there and what they had found most important 1. Coordinate the thinking in order to to work toward in the corning years. coordinate the planning and action. From Jerusalem Dr. Mott traveled among the churches in the middle and 2. Continue close working together so Far East for eight months. Mr. Paton well begun at Jerusalem. has visited India and the Near East. 3. The "Message" wrought out at Je- Mr. Oldham and others were in New rusalem is a divine word. Let it be York having had many conferences be- brought to the churches. . fore the meeting of the International Missionary Council at Williamstown, 4. In religious education use present- Jnly 11-21. day plans.

At a recent dinner Dr. Mott re- 5. In the realm of higher Christian edviewed his experiences in the Orient. ucation let us send a commission of ex- Among the conditions adverse to perts (as was done in the case of China several years ago) to study the whole field of higher education in India and Japan. Send the best from England and America and include nationals in each country. 6. Study the mass movements-the Christian work today is the grievous dangers and advantages. economic situation that oppresses multitudes in India, China, Japan. Of 7. "Sharing" was a great word at Jepoverty in India and famine in China rusalem, let us practice it. we hear much. Japan also suffers. Dr. Mott paid high tribute to the patient, 8. In missionary preparation we must silent endurance of hardship on the rethink the subject from the beginning. part of the Japanese. A pamphlet with report of what is being done in England is just ready. Also Dr. Mott found changes for the better. There is opportunity for more 9. Let us seek to augment Christian open-minded and frank discussion be- leadership. More missionaries are needed tween those of the East and those of and wanted but "let no second and third the West. line men through."

10. Liberate a greater force of lay workers.

11. Let us plan for larger evangelisrr as is being done in China and Japan. .

12. Christian literature is a great need. private room adjoining the chapel talk Previous plans have been pigeonholed. it over with a Christian woman of We must do something. great strength, patience and tact. She strengthens the weak, sets right what 13. Unity is a goal toward which we was wrong, trains to better fitness, must work. Church union in South India finds a place for them and after they is very well planned. leave her by correspondence continues to give sympathy and help. At the meeting of the Committee of When one asks Mrs. Jo how she has Reference and Counsel, which was the been able to accomplish so great a work her answer is in one wordoccasion of the above address, much "Prayer."

attention was given to the Jerusalem My thoughts go back to my early days as a missionary when I lived reports and how to bring recommen- with Mrs. Van Petten at the Yoko- hama Bible Woman's Training School. dations to the churches and into the It was Mrs. Van Petten who told this practice of mission boards and mis- story about one of her students.

sionaries. Let us help to speed the day During recess there were so many waiting in the office to see me that when the message of Jerusalem shall the bell rang before I could see J 0 San. She said: "Sensei, I must tell be in our thinking, our planning, our you of a very sad case I have found." And between office and classroom she action. A. G. L. told of a little child whose hands had been cut off by a drunken man-of A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WOMAN the utter poverty of mother and child who at a pittance a day were making MRS. NOBU Jo paper bags in their tiny room. Jo San had to bring the story to a sudden When I' knew Nobu Jo twenty-five end for the class waited, but she years ago in the "Bible Woman's added: "I'm going to teach 0 Kei San Training School" in Yokohama, little to knit so that she can support her- self." did I think that she would do a work so unique that it would be written A child with both hands gone learn about in the New York Times, but in to knit! What an impossibility! But the issue of July 7th I read the head- with such as Jo San the impossible is line "Mrs. Nobu Jo's Placards Urge achieved. 0 Kei San and her mother Desperate Japanese To Come To Her were helped and 0 Kei San received For Help" and then follows a column artificial hands. She did learn to knit, about her Women's Welfare Associa- -first with soft wool she made lovely tion in Kobe and her work for the baby jackets and socks and later beauwould-be suicide. tiful little silk purses that some who read these lines may possess. The Japan of cherry blossoms and chrysanthemums, of smiling holiday o Kei San went through a mission crowds is not all of Japan. The eager, serious minded students as well as high school and learned to write with those with more experience of life face Japanese Jude and even English with impossible problems. With aspirations a pen. One of her letters I still keep. to become great and noble they often After graduation she taught in the find themselves overwhelmed with dif- Christian Blind School in Yokohama. ficulties and facing failure prefer death. And so it happens that at beau- Many Bible women are ministering tiful Nikko Waterfall or at the beau- to' those who are sad and lonely and tiful spot near Kobe a life is on the in need. Jo San's achievements have verge. Just there is this word from won recognition at home and abroad. Nobu Jo: "Wait-a-bit, would-be suicide! God is love. Come and talk it A. G. L. over with Nobu Jo, Kobe Women's Welfare Association." As a result of the sign near Kobe nearly 3,000 have been saved during the last thirteen years.

They go to the quiet home and in a

JAPAN-CHOSEN Christian Council has formulated

Christianity's Influence following social creed: ACONTRIBUTOR to the Japan Equal rights and equal opportunities. Advertiser figures that at the Non-discriminatory treatment of na- present rate of increase, 10/0 a year, it tions and races. would take 10,000 years to make Ja- The sanctity of marriage, equal respon- sibility of both men and women regarding pan Christian. Church members now chastity and improvement of the home number 154,521, the Presbyterians in life. The betterment of the status of women the lead with 40,866; next the Meth- in the educational, social, political and odists, 32,783; Congregational, 27,- industrial world. Respect for the personality of the child, 837; Episcopal, 22,235. Nineteen the prohibition of child labor, and the extension of the period of compulsory ed- other Protestant churches range in ucation. The diffusion of a thorough vo- number from 100 to 4,217. Japan has cational education. a population of 60,000,000. The enactment of a law making Sun- day a public rest day. But the truth of the matter, con- The abolishment of the system of pub- cludes the Japan Advertiser, is that lic prostitution. The promotion of national prohibition. the influence of the Christian Church The enactment of a minimum wage, in Japan cannot be measured in num- peasants' welfare, and social insurance laws. bers. For example: Legislation and equipment promoting public hygiene. . It is doing more than anything else to Government subsidy for the betterment raise the status of women from an Ori- of housing conditions. ental to a modern level. It has put new The encouragement of producers' and life in the religious consciousness of the consumers' cooperative associations. nation, and has taught the Japanese The establishment of a suitable agency people the dignity of service for the to attain harmonious relations between weak. Innumerable Japanese who have employees and employers. never embraced the Christian faith have The enactment of a reasonable working absorbed its influence. The late Marquis day. Okuma declared that Christianity was The betterment of home industries and the substance of his own life. The Japa- the improvement of equipment in fac- nese Christians are the salt of the na- tories. tion. The enactment of a higher progressive tax rate for incomes and inheritances. The missionaries' great feat has been The realization of a warless world.- not the conversion of a certain number World Neighbors. of Japanese, but the foundation of a vigorous native Church. This Church is Increases in Japan developing on its own lines, and it seems likely that it will eventually evolve a REGISTERED Protestant Church Japanese form of Christianity in which members in Japan now number the fifty or so divisions of Christian work in Japan will be merged. It is the 154,521, an increase of 5,237 over last test of Christianity that it can adapt itself to all civilizations and improve year, according to the National Chris- all, and the future lies with the native Church in Japan. That Church is the tian Council. The actual number of child of the West's half-century of mis- sionary effort_nd who measures a church members is believed to be much child's worth by his size? larger. A Social Creed for Ja.pa.n The number of Sunday-school pupils By REQUEST of the All-Japan is 158,787, and the amount of offer- Christian Conference the National ings received by the 1,490 churches 717

last year totaled 2,161,387.97 yen going a rapid transformation, affecting (about $1,000,000). In addition, the the social, industrial, political, and money known to have been received every other detail of national life. The by the churches from foreign sources change is chiefly mental and psycho- totals 439,914.16 yen.-Outlook of Mis- logical. It may not be so spectaCUlar, sions. but is is as significant as that occa- sioned at the time of reconstruction Quarter Century in Korea and development of the nation follow- ABOUT twenty-five years ago Dr. J. ing the Meiji Restoration." .

ft Fairman Preston, of the Southern The vital question is whether moral Presbyterian Church, landed in Mokpo, growth will be outstripped, and moral Korea. At that time there were only fibre be unequal to the strain. Mr.

six scattered groups of Christians in Kagawa estimates that sixty per cent aU this field, and but a handful of local of labor looks for a solution of its Christians, few of whom had been bap- problems along materialistic lines ad- tized. Homes were built and a dis- vocated by Karl Marx. Twelve thou- pensary, hospital, boys' and girls' sand each year take refuge in suicide.

school and work started, while the The authorities are looking to religion preaching of the gospel in the country to provide that spiritual element now villages and towns was pressed con- so patently lacking in secular civiliza- stantly. . tion, more especially as a means of After twenty-five years of seed sow- counteracting the dangerous thoughts ing and reaping these six groups of which they fear so much. Newspapers Christians in South Chulla Province can play an important part in this task, have grown to fifty-five organized since the country folk can only be churches with elders and officers, and reached on a wide scale in this way.

250 unorganized groups of Christians each with a church building, 21 or- Korean Surgeon Makes a Name A dained native preachers in this pro- YOUNG Korean man spent four years in Severance Union Medivince alone, all supported by the native Christians, while more than 122 other cal College. AftJr graduating he spent helpers and colporteurs and Bible some time in the Rockefeller Hospital women labor in this section.-Record in Peking. Then he was assistant in of Christian Work. the surgical department of Severance School, and showed such real ability Newspapers as Evangelists that he was given opportunity to H IGHER education is no longer the study in America. He spent a year in privilege of the few in Japan. Northwestern University Me die a I About 1,000,000 students are now en- School, a year in the Hospital for Rup- joying it. In Tokyo alone there are tured and Crippled Children in New more students in college and university York as an assistant, and received his grade than in the whole of the British degree from Northwestern University.

Isles. In commerce, despite the inevi- He then went back to Korea, and dur- table post-war slump and the earth- ing the year of furlough of the mis- quake, Japan is now consolidating her sionary surgeon, young Dr. Lee car- markets on the mainland of Asia, while ried the work of the surgical depart- her coal has already displaced British ment, doing operations such as only coal as far as Suez. Politically, Japan the "big gun" surgeons get opportu- stands higher than she has ever done. nity to do. One day at a meeting of Her statesmen have been called in to the Medical Missionary Association help solve the problems of Europe. As about thirty or forty missionary doc- one of Japan's writers and publicists, tors from the United States, Canada, Dr. Washio, of Waseda University, ex- Great Britain, and Australia sat upon pressed it recently: "Japan is under- the benches and watched young Dr.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Lee operate. Those who went to the will win back the wanderers to the Orient to show them how to do it were fold of the church.-The Church Over- in turn shown how it should be done. seas.

-Christian Advocate.

AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS Philippine Problems Response to a Oall SIXTY delegates from every section of the Philippines last March dis- T HE Methodist Church of Australia cussed at a round table conference led reports a list of forty new appoint- by Dr. John R. Mott the problems ments to the mission field, the largest common to all. The dominating note number of workers ever sent out in a was to plan a concerted attack upon single year by this Society. Eleven such questions as: Reaching an inare ministers going to Tonga, Samoa, creasing number of the best young Fiji, New Britain, Papua and North people for Christian leadership; meet- Australia; six are well trained young ing an enlarging evangelistic opporwomen teachers, who will widen the tunity in the Islands; securing an horizon of girls in Tonga, Fiji and ideal relation between the younger Papua; five are trained nurses, two churches in the Philippines and the are medical men; three are laymen older churches in America; augmentwho will relieve the strain of business ing our financial resources to meet our management and two will work in agri- enlarging opportunities; and further cultural institutions. The remainder promoting the fullest cooperation and of the 40 are missionary wives. Sev- unity in the Philippines. eral of the recruits have given up salaries more than double that offered by The Conference expressed the dethe mission. All the stations in the sire to correct the impression that the Pacific, North Australia and India are evangelistic opportunity in the Philnow filled.-The Missionary Review. ippines is passing, and declared that Christian forces were never so numer- The Maoris of New Zealand ous and favorable, this being espe- cially true of the educated classes and T HE Archbishop of New Zealand student youth. writes in regard to the consecration of Rev. F. A. Bennett to work among The Philippine churches were Maoris: called to an increased study and prac- tice of Christian Stewardship. Though The step which has been taken is in a hearty response ought to augment the nature of an experiment, and if it materially the financial resources of is found to work satisfactorily the next the Islands, our staggering opportu- ·step will be in the direction of creating a Maori diocese, as was tentatively nities will be far from met. The apdone by the general synod of 1925. peal was therefore sounded to the Church in America to expand gener- The Maori race, which now numbers ously its subscriptions. It was heartabout 70,000, has in recent years been ening to note the reiterated desire exmuch disturbed by the claims and pressed by Filipino leaders for a teaching of the most recent Maori systematic reduction of mission aid to prophet, Ratana, who, commencing a~ established churches, thus to release a faith healer and opponent of Maorl mission funds for the great advance superstitions and tokungas, has devel- which must be made. – Philippine oped a rival schismatic church, largely Presbyterian. on national and political lines, and has caused a serious cleavage in the ranks of the members of the church. There NORTH AMERICA is ample evidence that his mana is on World Sel"rice Commission T the wane and it is confidently hoped HE sixth annual meeting of the World Service Commission of the that Bishop Bennett, by his winning personaHty, spirituality and eloquence, Methodist Episcopal Church was held

in the Chicago Temple, July 23d. The dent world is the repetition of the very total receipts for proportionate distri- thing of which Burke complained more bution among the constituent boards than a century ago. 'Such is now the during the fifth W~rld Service year misfortune of our age that everything were $6,573,261.27, an increase of is to be discussed as if the truth of $696,104.20. Non-distributable re- religion were always to be a subject ceipts of the World Service Commis- rather of altercation than of enjoysion were $1,388,637.36, a decrease of ment."-Sunday School Times. $395,109.88. The net increase of receipts of both types was $30,994.37. Jewish Christians in U. s. Total receipts were $7,961,898.63. A SURVEY of Jewish congregations Funds distributed during the year in this country has recently been were as follows: Board of Foreign made by Dr. H. S. Linfield, Director Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board of of the Statistical Department of the Home Missions, $2,482,300.06; Board American Jewish Committee. The figof Education, $1,196,892.24; Board of ures may be accepted as SUbstantially Hospitals, Homes and Deaconess Work, correct, as a very careful canvass was $114,874.84; Board of Temperance, made. The statistics deal only with Prohibition and Public Morals, $109,- permanent congregations. 563.13; Board of Pensions and Relief, $106,046.44; . American Bible Society, The canvass shows that there are $81,285, a total of proportionately dis- 2,948 congregations in the United tributed disbursements amounting to States. Of these 2,855 are in urban $6,573,261.27. places with a population of 2,500 and over. There are 98 congregations in Sixteen areas showed a gain in re- rural areas. These figures show that ceipts for World Service during the there is in the United States one confifth year, and five showed a loss. Six- gregation for every 1,386 Jewish men, ty-one Conferences showed a gain and women and children.-Our Jewish twenty-eight showed a loss.-The Neighbors. Christian Advocate. Training Negro Ministers New Student League THE major problem in the evangel- THE League of Evangelical Students ization of the Negroes lies in pro- has been organized in colleges and viding them with a sound and universities as well as in training adequately trained Christian ministry schools and seminaries. At Bucknell from among their own people. The it recently raised a thousand dollars number of Negro young men offering for a Bucknell missionary in Brazil. themselves for the Gospel ministry to- At Hampden-Sydney it has a colored day is far too small to enable the mission, two outpost Sunday-schools, Church properly to cope with the task and one midweek prayer service, hav- of evangelizing these people. The ing obtained a little log cabin for its Snedecor Memorial Synod, composed prayer-meetings. Marion College car- of four Negro Presbyteries, reported ries on work at the county jail and the on March 31, 1928, nine candidates for county infirmary and house-to-house the ministry, three licentiates, and visitation has been followed with forty-six ordained ministers. There marked results. are about fifteen young men at Still- man Institute who are looking forward Rev. Winfield Burggraaff says: "It to the ministry. These figures indicate wishes to stand alone, cutting itself the Negro's present contribution of loose from those organizations which man-power throughout the Southern have hitherto represented the Chris- Presbyterian Church for the evangeltian life upon the campus of the Amer- ization of more than nine millions of ican college and university. In our his own people. Furthermore, the isolation is our strength. In our stu-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

present educational equipment of the five bed hospital for the Indian Mis- Negro ministry as a whole is unequal sion at Ganado, Arizona. to the task that lies before it. The education of the average Negro preach- Twenty-six thousand patients from er is extremely inadequate. The Negro an area sixty miles square were treated people are rapidly embracing the op- last year in the hospital and dispensary portunities of an education and this at Ganado. This partly explains why fact necessitates better preparation on the present building, with a capacity the part of those who are to lead them of only twenty-four beds, is so pitifully in spiritual things. Experience teaches inadequate. In addition to this growthat those communities and peoples ing medical service, the Board of Nawho have made the least progress in tional Missions is maintaining at this education and in religion need the very point a mission church, community best men obtainable. A mediocre man center and a training school for Navamay make a blunder in laying the foun- jo boys and girls. dation in a backward community that only long years of hard labor can over- Course on Latin America come. THE Secretary of the Hartford Sem- To meet the demands for better inary Foundation and the Kennedy trained men, Stillman Institute has School of Missions announces a special been laboring for fifty-three years.- course on Latin America for mission- Presbyterian· Survey. ary candidates and furloughed mis- sionaries, which is to be given at Ezel-"Showing the Way" Hartford during the first semester be- ginning September 24, 1929, and con- EZEL, Kentucky, is not an average tinuing through January 20, 1930. community. Its original name was The aim of the course is to provide a Mortonsville, but fifty years ago a half year of special work which will post office was opened and the govern- fit the missionary to improve his servment required a new name. From the ice in the new opportunities confrontstory of David and Jonathan came ing Evangelical Missions among the the name, Ezel, the stone meaning cultured classes of Latin America. Dr. "showing the way." Its inhabitants S. G. Inman, Dr. J. Orts-Gonzales, Dr. claim ancestry of Scotch Irish and Charles T. Paul and others will coop- French Huguenot, and these qualities erate as special lecturers and 'as mempromise fruitful returns for work bers of the Hartford faculty. The done among them. tuition for the special course will be $25, with a registration fee of $5. The Women's Board of the United There will be accommodations in the Presbyterian Church established a men's and women's dormitories on the work there five years ago, erecting a campus for a limited number of single church and a school for grades and men and women. The cost of room and high school, in which seven teachers board for women will be $137.50 for give secular and spiritual instruction the semester. The cost of a single to the 130 pupils of a fine type of room in Hosmer Hall for men is $35 mentality. Industrial instruction is for the semester. The board averages also given under the supervision of about $6.50 a week. Apartments for the pastor's wife, Mrs. H. M. Britain, married couples, with or without chiland their four looms turn out rugs, dren, can be secured near the campus counterpanes and other articles. at rates of from $35 to $55 per month, but early application is suggested. New Hospitals for Indians Will those who are interested ad- THE executive committee of the Presbyterian Board of National dress Dean Edward Warren Capen, 55 Missions has voted to erect a seventy- Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Connecti- 5 cut? .

LATIN AMERICA means indicates all the Indians have Church Peace in Mexico done.

WITH the settlement of the dispute The erection of the church, which between the Roman Catholic Church and the Mexican government has a length of seventy feet, width priests are now, for the first time since August 1, 1926, conducting services in forty-three feet, and height of walls the churches and ministering to the Catholic citizens of the land. The basis sixteen feet, a ten-foot veranda, height of this settlement is: (1) The Mexican Government will allow the Cath- of steeple from ground sDixf tlyu-mfivbeer.feeIt~ olic hierarchy to designate those priests required a large amount who are to register in compliance with Mexican laws; (2) Religious instruc- a cDuntry where lumber is very extiDn, while nDt permitted in the schDDls (which is specified in the CDnstitu- pensive, it is impossible to think of tiDn), will be permitted within the churches, and (3) Catholic prelates are building a church like this-our "Cagiven the right, as granted every Mexican citizen, to apply for a mDdification thedral Df the Indians"-if the lumber Df the constitution. has to be bought. It would have cost Mexico's Church-State dispute began in 1855, when a democratic revDlution nearly five thousand dollars. But the broke out against Santa Ana. The revolutionists suppressed ecclesiastical Indians were willing to saw their own courts which tried civil cases; forbade lumber and bring it free of cost. To sawall this by hand means much hard work under a tropical sun, and it took t~em nea~ly a year. With the excep- hon of a httle help which the mission- ary gave them in the form of beans and rice, they supplied their own food' the women cooked while the me~ wDrked. Heathen and Christian worked side by side.-Moravian Re- port.

the church tD hold property not used Rome Revives in Argentina fDr religiDus or charitable purpDses; provided for the return of property so ARGENTINA has been a country in- held to the state; forbade the church to assume exclusive authority over 1". different to both Protestant and education and sought to abolish monasteries .and monastic vows. After the Catholic religiDn. Materialism has revolution subsided these laws were prevailed, but within the past year an largely dead letters until the regime of awakening is nDted, especially within Plutarco Calles, himself an anti-cleri- the RDman Catholic Church, as evical, when a serious attempt was made denced by a recommendation from a tD enforce them. The result of his ef- leading bishop that the Bible should fDrts practically put the church under be read, and the forming of a CathDlic state cDntrDl and compelled the foreign missionary organization with the obpriests of Mexican churches to discon- ject of spreading their faith in every tinue the exercille of their priestly tDwn, village and school of the land. :functions. This organization has recently printed and sold 100,000 copies of the fDur Gospels, and has also created a holi- day, calli~g it "The Day of the Gospel."

Every mght some distinguished pre- New Church for Indians late broadcasts an evangelistic sermon.

By THE dedication of a new Mora- Protestant Sunday-school methods are vian church at Bilwas Karma, Nic- being adopted, and even tent meetings aragua, the people attained the goal of are being held.

their ambition. The dedicatory serv- But these are merely counter attacks ices were attended by more than 500, against Christian missiDns, and as they and the offerings amounted to $350. themselves frankly state "to rid the It represented great sacrifice on the country of the pernicious religious in- part of the Indians. But this by no fluences which have ruined the United

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

States and other Protestant coun- EUROPE tries." Their avowed purpose is to Glasgow Hits Gambling form a coalition between Spain and all SCOTLAND has convictions regard- Latin American countries, discourag- ing betting and gambling, and has ing cordial relations between the Unit- a National League for carrying out ed States and Argentina. But even those convictions. The Secretary of this fanaticism is less obstinate than the League, Rev. F. E. Watson, materialism. brought an attempted gambling coup to the attention of the sheriff's procura- Venezuela Earthquake tor fiscal of Glasgow, at the same time T HE Orinoco River mission of Vene- reminding him of section forty-one of zuela is evangelical and undenomi- the Lotteries Act, and asking if there national. Its headquarters are at was any act that gave legal sanction to Carupano, Venezuela. One of its mis- the sweepstakes in Glasgow. If not, sionaries, Miss Helen R. Brown, sends what was he going to do about it? And to The Sunday School Times an ac- this is what he did: After consulting count of the earthquake of January crown counsel he informed the sweep- 17th, which centered in Eastern Vene- stakes promoters that they would be zuela, resulting in the death of 50 per- liable to prosecution. That settled it.

sons, the wounding of 800 more and There are signs that the courageous financial loss amounting to $10,000,000. action of Glasgow will be followed in In the twenty-five to thirty seconds other centers both north and south of during which the earth shook as if in a the Tweed. It is but a part of the great huge sieve, the artifice and prowess of social movement in which the Scottish man of several centuries was made nil. The city became instead of a proud, busy churches have taken a leading part.- center of industry, commerce and varied New Outlook. life, a vast ruin, a screaming multitude frenzied with fear …… From the whole Y. M. C. A. in Barcelona city there arose a cloud of yellow dust, and the sun had a peculiar yellow glare. T HE Barcelona Christian Associa- Everyone was in the street, crying, call- tion was founded five years ago ing upon God, the saints, and the Virgin. with less than a dozen members, and Everywhere were signs of ruin. I had met in a dark, tin-roofed garage. It many an opportunity to speak of God, now counts 157 active members, repreexhorting the people to put their trust in senting eleven nationalities with Spanthe Saviour …… A cathedral that was ish in large majority. It seeks to being built and which the bishop had present Christ to young men without blessed several months before, and cursed respect to material, cultural, or politithe Protestants, was leveled to the cal interests. It brings them in conground. The governor's new house, fac- tact with the Bible by regular study tories and buildings became piles of debris. All the churches, chapels, and grottoes of the images were partially or totally destroyed ….. . courses and lectures, and confronts them with the problems of a life of For five days we ate, slept and lived faith. For leisure hours there is a out in the open square in front of the library whose contents increase from mission house in wind, dust, rain, sun. year to year, games of various sorts, Every family in the whole city slept and and a sports ground rented principally lived out of doors, though now quite a for the use of the boys' department. number have gone back to living under a roof. Over half the popUlation left Cumana for other parts, especially the upper class. The United States and other The Gospel in Paris governments as well as this government and many groups and individuals sent ANEW Gospel Hall has been opened tents, clothes, food, and other supplies, by the pastor of the Montmartre so that the city was quite well taken care Tabernacle in a section of Paris called of, though there is still great need in the Zone Noire. A member of the many parts. It is even yet a city of tents French Academy thus describes this and hit-or-miss living, with much misery, district: fear and sorrow.

"The Black Zone is inhabited by a centuries of existence of this, the largmixetl crowd of rag and bone dealers, est of all Protestant communions. dangerous ruffians, and many jailbirds. We have unforgettable visions of these The Lutheran section of the Chrisveritable 'Negro villages' where un- tian Church has not only retained its speakable huts shelter badly an ever- identity as a leading denomination, but increasing population living in sinister still exhibits that sturdy independence and dangerous promiscuity. Material and tenacious adherence to its distincpoverty is nothing as compared to mor- tive tenets which Martin Luther himal poverty. There is not a notion of self frequently demonstrated. The right and wrong in those souls. They supreme valuation of doctrines, which are gradually returning to savagery. made that leader of the Reformation One can imagine how impressive it was an impossible party to proposed comwhen in this new Gospel Hall a hun- promises, plus the civic and economic dred children sang Gospel hymns and uses to which evangelical principles recited the wonderful story of Jesus' were put by sixteenth-century kings birth. Fifty mothers and fathers were and princes, have produced a score and there." more of national churches. All of these adhere to about the same creedal ten- On the 31st of January last, obliga- ets and use the same handbook to tions on the building costs amounting instruct their youth for church memto 20,000 fr.ancs fell due. On the 27th, bership, but no common form of orattention was called to the need with ganization was undertaken until the the word that the Lord would help present decade. It took the shock of when they had done all possible them- the World War, and the terrible hardselves. Wednesday a young man called. ships that followed 1918, to bring the He had come from the country to seek need of an international connection inwork and his father had given him to an actuality. enough to live on until he was settled. He wanted to give a part of this to the The present Lutheran Church has building costs. "To our amazement he three divisions. The section of Gerhanded us 8,000 francs. All through many and adjacent Germanic offshoots Wednesday came a stream of members reflects reformation controversies, and friends bringing their gifts, the Catholic, Calvinistic and composite. result of real sacrifice. After supper a The Scandinavian group comprises brother came to express to us his love state churches of Norway, Sweden, and attachment to the church, putting Denmark and Finland, which went solin our hands ten thousand francs."- idly over to the evangelical principles Sunday School Times. but retained much of the Catholic or- ganization. The third group, smallest Lutherans Move Toward Union numerically, is American. These re- tain the doctrines of the European ON THE Four Hundreth Anniver- groups, but have few of the ritualistic sary of the date that Martin Lu- forms and no relationships with the ther made public his catechisms, 250 State. All three groups are engaged delegates, representing .sixty church in extensive mission work among nonorganizations in twenty countries, Christians.-Christian Herald. cOmprising about 70,000,000 members, assembled in Copenhagen, Denmark, Jews of Cracow for the Second World Convention of the Lutheran Church. The first was CRACOW has a Jewish population of held in 1923, and the purpose of the 52,292, out of a total population of convention this year, June 26 to July 206,829. These Jews are so intensely 4, was to strengthen the organization religious that there is a proverb "As started at that time. This was but the pious as a Cracow Jew." Some one has second world convention in the four observed that if these men became Christians, we should see a type simi-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lar to their ancient brethren, of whom from any town with a missionary.

it is said in Acts 17: 16, that "they From two to five thousand gather at turned the world upside down." A the weekly markets in each district and worker among these people tells in The most of these markets are approached Jewish Missionary Herald of an ortho- by roads passable in good weather.

dox young Jew whose surprise was These untouched tribes make a re- unbounded when he found that in. markably promising field for Christian books which dealt with Jesus as the evangelism.-Sunday School Times.

Messiah there were so many citations from the Jews' own Holy Bible. "From In the Barbary States T my childhood," he said, "I was taught HE present staff of the North Afri- ca Mission numbers 105-79 womthat only to Jews who believed in God and kept His law is the Messiah prom- en and 26 men-at 27 stations in the ised and that He would deliver them Barbary States. Mr. Harvey Farmer, from their long exile and restore the general secretary, reports open doors Jewish Kingdom, and as I read I on every hand.

thought, 'what has the Jewish message "The willingness to listen was never to do with Gentiles?' I could not ex- more marked, and while there are plain the mystery and have been hop- many adversaries and much opposition, ing to talk with you about it." After an ever increasing number are brought much conversation, he said: "I see now under the sound of the Word of the that the truth about the Messiah is Lord. The sale of Scripture portions entirely different from what I and my to Jews, Moslems and others continues people believe." He was given a New to increase. Our receipts, however, are Testament, looked at the title, and joy- quite inadequate to meet the demands fully put it in his pocket. of the work. Our income of £11,113 last year was rather higher than in AFRICA 1927, but our responsibilities were Evangelism in Morocco £3,090 in excess of this."

MOROCCO has recently been made In connection with this urgent need more accessible to the Gospel. a day was set apart for prayer, and on Mr. Charles C. Gabriel and his associ- May 21st it was announced that over ates have visited some 130 of its 450 £4,000 had been received for this work.

market places, some of them a number -The Christian.

of times. At least six thousand copies of Gospels have been bought by Mos- Growth on the Niger lems. The truth preached-the lost AT ST. PETER'S Church, Okrika, state of man, the Sonship of Christ, t.West Africa, on January 13th, three His sacrificial death and resurrection African priests and one European is wearing down opposition. Markets priest, and ten deacons were ordained where at first there was a great tumult, to service in the Episcopal Church on after a number of visits, have become the Niger, this being the largest num- quiescent if not friendly, and friendly ber ever ordained at one time in that from the conviction that the teaching diocese. It was an interesting coinci- given is true. "Time and time again dence that each of the candidates for we have seen the crowd silenced by the priest's orders represented a different declaration from some one present that language and tribe, there being one we are true believers and are preach- lbo, one native of Brass, one of new ing what is true." An automobile Calabar, and one European. Three or serves as pulpit and tent. The crowd four thousand people were present at gathering about it numbers at times the service, including Bishop Howells, fifty, but more often three to five hun- the African assistant bishop, and dred. This mission is aiming not at Archdeacon Crowther, son of the late townspeople, but at the five million who Bishop Crowther, and himself a vet- live in the country up to fifty miles eran of eighty-five years.

The rush of children into the schools a letter was read from Mr. W. H. continues. There is hardly one of all Laughton of Meru, in which he said: the numerous schools which is not obliged to turn away boys anxious to Perhaps the best message I can send is attend, because neither accommodation this: if the local preachers in the homenor staff is available to meet the de- land can equal the achievements of some mand. In Onitsha, the headquarters of our teachers here in East Africa, of the mission, there are about one whose educational advantages have never hundred boys at the secondary school carried them beyond the Standard IV and about a thousand at the primary point, they will have little difficulty in and infants' schools, but with adequate "getting the goods across,"-if such a staff there is no doubt that two or phrase may be permitted. For a thorthree hundred more would be at the ough grasp of a situation, the signifischool within a week. Six years ago cance and application of a text, the the total school staff was under ten, sermons of these native local preachers today the number is nearly 40. All are nothing short of astounding, especithe other schools have increased in ally when it is considered that to their much the same way.-The Church fathers Jesus Christ was not even a Overse!1S. name.

Medical Mi••ion for the Gold Ooast Education in Dema.nd THE Basei Mission has laid the cor- I N UGANDA there is everywhere a ner stone for a new mission hospital demand for education, even among in Agogo. The buildings are to in- raw tribes, and this facilitates the clude a hospital for the natives, a rest starting of out-schools, and the believhouse for Europeans and dwellings for ers are zealous to read. In many places the physician and nurses. The Eng- the natives will build a school, collect lish Chief Commissioner, Sir John the teacher's wage, and send into the Maxwell, said: "Basel missionaries Mission Station begging for a teacher. have built the first good road from the This brings with it a great opportucoast to the interior and before anyone nity. else thought of it, the Basel missionaries, seeing the dearth of artisans in In the Congo, the value of reading this country, have worked successfully has yet to be appreciated, and the deto help out in this matter. This mis- sire to be taught to read is looked upsion, four decades ago has taken the on by the ordinary native as an art greatest pains to train young men of for little boys to acquire, and the the people to be carpenters, black- spread of the Gospel is hindered. smiths and shoemakers. This resulted in blessings not only to the country it- The work in all stations will be self, but along the entire west coast of strengthened by the completion of Mr. Africa these artisans of the Basel mis- Norman Grubb's translation of the sion were known and sought after, New Testament.-The Christian. from Sierra Leone down to the Congo. Thus the Gold Coast was a famous Livingstone Memorial country in all West Africa, before the other colonies were hardly mentioned. T HE Scottish national memorial to This fame the Gold Coast owes to the David Livingstone is nearing com- Basel mission."-Allg. Miss. Nachr. pletion. All the squalid tenements around it have been demolished, and Tribute to African Preachers his actual birthplace in Blantyre, Scotland, with the adjoining houses of NATIVE African preachers were Shuttle row, have been transformed paid a high tribute at a recent from a dirty slum into a suitable mu- Conference at Oxford, England, when seum. Ten acres of surrounding ground are being laid out as a recre- ation park and open-air theatre. The roads on which unemployed miners have been working are nearly finished. At the formal opening are to be eight tableaux depiciting scenes from his

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

life. Among' the latest curios and clothes, hair plastered with clay, dull, relics that have been donated for ex- indifferent, boldly clamoring for beer, hibition is the chistening shawl in dwelling in a filthy hut. The second, which the baby David was carried for dressed in clean print, friendly and baptism. It is 15 feet long and 5V2 polite, her home tidy and appreciative feet wide, woven with Paisley silk in of higher things. Many of these older exquisite coloring and design. Christian women possess a natural tact which makes their opinions worth David Livingstone's grandson, Dr. knowing.-Moravian Report. Hubert Wilson, a medical missionary for 15 years in Chitambo, at· present WESTERN ASIA home on furlough, has just resigned, owing to family health reasons, and Turks and the Bible expects to settle and practice in this country. His sister, Mrs. Alexander 1 HE LONDON DAILY TELE- MacDonald, continues the noble tradi- GRAPH reports a complete change tion of her grandfather as the wife of of attitude towards foreign religious an ordained missionary at Chasefu, in schools on the part of the Turks. A Livingshmia.–Ch.risti{l.n Century. fierce campaign against such schools had been proceeding in the newspapers, Training Boys to Teach and an association had been formed which aimed at government support to THE boys of the Sona Bata board- expel all Christian missionaries. ing school, Sona Bata, Belgian Congo, are required to teach between their The schools had definitely decided to second and third years of school, thus close down on account of the stringent showing the sincerity of their desire regulations against teaching the Bible. to learn that they may teach. P. A. But they have now been officially in- MacDiarmid writes that more than six- formed that there is no longer any obty-nine have gone out to teach in the jection to their giving religious lessons last three years. Most of these have or services to non-Moslem pupils, proschools with from twenty to forty chil- vided that the latter attend of their dren, and several of them are holding own free will, with the consent of their posts in far away villages among parents or guardians. strange tribes.-Watchman-Examiner. This general attitude on the part of Moravians in South Africa the Turks is indicative that the policy hitherto followed of mere toleration of MAY, 1929, marked the 100th anni- foreign schools will henceforth be versary of the founding of the abandoned, and that on the contrary Moravian Mission at Shiloh, East these institutions will in future receive South Africa. From a small beginning every encouragement from the authorihave come 12,500 baptized chprch mem- ties. There is even the question of bers, 13 principal stations, 45 out-sta- omitting the non-Moslem stipulation.- tions, and 150 preaching places, with Alliance Weekly. a staff of 26 European missionaries, 12 native ministers, and over 300 native Bible Revision in Turkey helpers, both men and women. When the last figures were taken there were T HE British and Foreign Bible So- 55 schools, with 4,285 scholars and 120 ciety in conjunction with the Amernative teachers, and also 85 scholars in ican Bible Society is placing the the seminary at Myenyane. Scriptures before the Turkish people in the new characters which were made If one is seeking evidence of the compulsory at the beginning of the leavening power of Christianity, it is New Year. Mr. James Russell, the interesting to compare a heathen wom- Bible Society's assistant-secretary at an with an average church member of Constantinople, states: "It was felt Shiloh. The first is clad in dirt-soaked that as the Turks prefer the Book of Proverbs to any other portion of the

:Bible, it would be advisable to begin pelled to give up their ancient cos- with its publication first, and that it tume. These changes are influencing would greatly assist its readers if it the attitude of the Persians toward were in the two forms of writing, the all things modern and foreign, includ- "new on one page and the old on the ing literature. Men who formerly opposite page. It was felt also that could not come in contact with the such an edition would assist the Presi- Christians at all, or read Christian dent in his great scheme of teaching books, now avail themselves of this every man, woman and child to read, new freedom which has been thrust and that consequently the government upon them and are ready to read and would look upon the work with a be- discuss new ideas without endanger- nevolent eye. There is another edition ing their standing in the community.

in the new characters only." The Bible The Shah is keen on education, and Society's agent reports that the sale many books from English and French is encouraging. The opportunity has are being translated so that the debeen taken to study the whole question mand is increasing, and the missionof revision, in regard to grammar as aries are endeavoring to meet it. well as alphabet, and a committee of experts in Turkish, Hebrew and Greek A recent convert from Islam, a has been formed for the purpose. As well educated young man from Yezd, many Persian and Arabic words as saw a catalogue of Evangelical books possible are to be eliminated and pure- and was delighted. He said, "I had no ly Turkish words substituted. idea that there was so much Christian literature! I must start studying at once."

An Uncontrovertible Gospel MR. BOERGER of the Lutheran INDIA Orient Mission tells of a man, whom he called a load carrier, who Evangelizing in Bands brought a little boy to his station. EvANGELISTIC campaigns by "Miss Gudhart washed the boy, and bands of Indian Christians, who we picked the maggots out of the sores arrange to set aside one week for this on his head. It was not a pleasant task, special effort, are becoming a striking for the stench was almost unbearable. feature of Christian enterprise in In- But we cleaned him up, fed him, and dia. Christians in and near Gorakhclothed him. Today he is well and pur, with the help of the missionaries, hearty and now for the first time in set apart a week in March for a gospel his life he is learning something of the campaign. Their aim was to visit as love of God in word and deed. He is many as possible of the towns and viltelling everyone of his new found lages within a forty-mile radius, each friends, of what they have done for on its special bazaar day. Sometimes him, and what they mean to him." they fouIJd unwillingness to buy the This is the kind of a Gospel that ad- gospels at a farthing each; often the mits of no contradiction. reply came: "Noone in my house can read" ; but during the week nearly Changes in Persia 5,000 copies were sold, and there were many opportunities of telling the Gos- APERSIAN correspondent writes pel story to those who had never heard. that this ancient land is changing Taljhari is the oldest C. M. S. stavery rapidly. Age long customs are tion among the Santals. Latterly many giving place to Western ideas and of the Christians have been growing modern civilization. The Shah in- slack and their low moral standard has sists that turbans and flowing robes been a source of anxiety. Last autumn shall give place to hats and European special services were held in Taljhari suits. Many venerable turbaned men and in some of the villages near by. As have wept like children when com- a result 130 Christians volunteered to

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

help in a week's evangelistic campaign. day, and when the invitation was Teachers went out with a magic lan- given thirteen adults arose. In evitern and took turns in speaking about dence of their sincerity they cut from the pictures illustrating our Lord's life their necks, arms and legs cotton to audiences numhering up to 200. string necklaces and anklets to the Other parties went out in the day time number of a thousand pieces. These visiting some thirty different villages. "magic" circlets, each having seven By the end of the week fifty people had knots tied in them, are supposed to given in their names, wishing for fur- avert typhoid and small pox. Closest ther teaching.-Church Missionary attention was paid to all the addresses. Outlook. -Baptist Missionary Review.

Matrons' Conference CHINA CONFERENCE for matrons, to Christian Missions Reviewed A discuss boarding school problems, N THE Atlantic Monthly for May, 1929, Prof. K. S. Latourette ap- I was arranged by the Women's Association for Christian Education of Mad- praises the work of Christian missions ras. Twenty-seven delegates – ma- in China. trons, nurses, and some teachers met, The Roman Catholics have been in from February 19th to 21st, in Chit- China since the 16th century and the toor. Group discussions led to the fol- missionaries number today about lowing conclusions: thirty-one hundred, the majority com- (1) All matters of discipline should be ing from Latin Europe. It is estimated kept out of school prayer services. that there are about two and a quarter (2) A place should be set apart exclusively.for purposes of meditation and million members of their communion worship—both private and corporate. in the Chinese Republic or three times the number of 25 years ago. (3) Children should be allowed to select hymns they like, to talk on topics, Protestant missions have only been or offer prayers, prepared beforehand, in China for a century, the Protestant and to compile a hymn book of their own. community today numbering about half a million, and the number of mis- (4) Responsive prayers, and readings with response, may be prepared to suit the needs and the experiences of the chil- sionaries being in the neighborhood of dren. 4,000. While there are one hundred and sixty different Protestant societies (5) The form of service may be varied at work in China, over half the misby changing the order and by introducing silent prayer. (6) Open-air meetings may occasionally be arranged. sionary force is under twelve societies and most of them are engaged in co- (7) Indian musical instruments may operative enterprises which bring be used to help the children keep time in them into close association. In a simsinging.

Psychology and discipline, hygiene, ilar manner the Roman Catholic miswise use of leisure time and the spir- sionaries represent over 40 different itual side of a matron's work were sub- orders but cooperate in matters of genjects discussed at length.-National eral policy. Christian Council Review. In closing Prof. Latourette says: "Christian missions with all their mis- The Truth Advances in Burma takes and shortcomings, have been and are of inestimable service to China.

AN ENCOURAGING field is that in No one knows what the future of .t:. the Pegu Yomas, west of Toun- China is to be, whether the nation is to goo in Burma. The inhabitants are disintegrate or whether it is to pro- largely animist in belief. A group duce a new and richer culture. If a from the Bwe Baptist School con- newer and finer China emerges, as ducted meetings in a large animist some of us have faith to anticipate, it village during their Christmas holi- will be in part because in the days of

its transition there were unselfishly Inland Mission, reported that Moham- labouring in it thousands of foreigners medan raiders annihilated the male in- who sought to bring it in touch with habitants of the city and looted the the best that the Occident had to give." homes. Only a few women were killed, mostly those who attempted to shield Higher Education in China the men.

T HERE are 16 higher Christian Religious fanaticism was given as schools in China that confer aca- the motive for the raid and there has demic degrees. They are attended by been a Moslem rebellion in Kansu 12,000 students of whom 670/0 are Province for some time. Christian. The alumni number 4,000 and of these 57% are Christian, who The raid on Tankar (Dangar), ochold positions in church and school.- curred during the winter and was de- Allg. Miss. Nachr. scribed as the most gruesome in the long history of Moslem outbreaks in One Language for China China.

A SPECIAL correspondent to the The Moslems made a butchery of New Yark Times from Shanghai the male inhabitants because "it was writes that the Ministry of Education the will of Allah that if a Moslem kills in the National Government of China ten Chinese he will surely go to parahas announced a program to popularize dise." the use of Mandarin as the official, and, eventually, the only language in all Chinghai Province was created last China. The presence of numerous dia- year out of the northwestern part of lects in various parts of the country Kansu and is one of the famine areas. has long been one of the chief barriers Dangar is east of the Tibetan border to unity. between Siningfu and Lake Koko-nor. The town was filled with starving ref- At present, whenever a man of prom- ugees who had assembled there in the inence makes an address, he prefers to hope of gaining relief. speak in mandarin, otherwise his audience might think him uneducated and An American Mission Seized unworthy of his high office. ON JULY 16th, says an Associated Difficult as the problem is, the Min- Press dispatch from Amoy, the istry of Education feels that a start American missionaries were informed must be made, hence the National Lan- that Communist troops had occupied guage Unification Committee has been the main buildings of Talmage College appointed. The written language is (belonging to the Reformed Church universally the same throughout Mission) and the mission residence at China, that is, the characters are the Chanchow, fifty miles southwest of same, although there may be some Amoy. The American Consul filed a shades of meaning in various sections protest with the Fukien Commissioner of the country that differ from others. of Foreign Affairs at Amoy.

Mohammedan Uprising Anti-missionary activities in South Fukien have been increasing and there AN ASSOCIATED PRESS dispatch is fear that the property of other misft from Peiping, dated July 29th, re- sions in that area may receive similar treatment. ports that the Mohammedans massacred 20,000 men and boys in the city Chekiang-Shanghai Convention of Tankar (Dangar-ting) in the Province of Kansu-Chinghai. Mr. Findley DURING the annual Baptist Con- Andrews, an American missionary, vention of Chekiang-Shanghai, who has just returned from a three held at Kinhwa, five things stood out months' investigation in the famine as significant: the complete and effecareas of Northern China for the China tive responsibility on the part of the Chinese organization for the whole

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

work of the convention; the important home and carried him and a neighbor part assumed by the women workers; about 200 miles to the south.

the self-sacrifice and consecration evi- One night, as Mr. Dju was sitting dent; the earnestness with which the in the hut he pulled out a little pocket problem of religion in the schools was Testament and as he was reading one considered and perhaps most signifi- of the robbers saw it and asked: cant of all, the meeting of the native "What is that you are reading?" He missionary society. The work has ex- answered that it was the New Testa- panded, the budget has been met and ment. "Are you a Christian?" "N0, the workers are full of enthusiasm, but I am learning the doctrine." "You quickened by their success in meeting are false and trying to deceive us,"

opportunities. said the robber. "I might be false,"

Interest also centered on Kinhwa, said Mr. Dju, "but the Book is not." the place of meeting, because this sta- "Preach to us then," said the robber. tion has suffered severely, and endured "I cannot preach." "Read to us then so calmly and patiently during the past that we might hear what it says. The two years of political disturbance. Spirit of the Lord must have helped Christians were mobbed, residences the man to find the place, for he began used as stables, schools confiscated, one to read: at a later date was partly burned, the Come now, ye rich, weep and howl for church edific,e was desecrated and se- the miseries that are coming upon you. verely damaged, and only the fact that Your riches are corrupted, and your garthe doctor was needed for his profes- ments are moth-eaten. Your gold and sional skill saved him from a firing your silver are rusted; and their rust shall be for a testimony against you, and squad when he boldly admitted that he shall eat your flesh as fire. Ye have laid up your treasures in the last days. Bewas a Christian.-Watchman-Examin- hold, the hire of the laborers who mowed er. your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth out: and the cries of them Saving American Sailors that reaped have entered into the ears of MISSIONARIES in China are seek- the Lord of Sabaoth. Ye have lived deli- cately on the earth, and taken your pleasing to reclaim American sailors ure; ye have nourished your hearts in who face overwhelming temptation in the days of slaughter. Ye have conforeign ports. Many come from the demned, ye have killed the righteous one; best of homes, but sinful forces drag he doth not resist you. (J as. 5: 1-6.) them down. A missionary in Chefoo He had not read very far before the writes of opening his home to these robbers began to weep. They were boys, some of whom have been remark- overcome by the power of the Word.

ably converted. Some have given them- From then on he received better treat- selves to Christian service, and others ment at their hands, and after a short plan to leave the navy and continue time he was released. He said, "God their education. A Gospel Hall for let me be carried off by robbers in sailors is maintained for these boys.- order to awaken me and bring His S. S. Times. Word to them."-Lutheran News Bul- letin.

Making Robbers Weep MISCELLANEOUS THIRTY miles southwest of Yen- "Intelligence Test" for Missionaries shih, Honan, is a small village which had never heard of Christ a few ARECENT study of 159 missionyears ago. Being a mountainous dis- aries in North China representtrict, robbers find it a good hiding ing five denominations has revealed place and the people suffer many hard- the following interesting facts regardships. A resident of the village, Mr. ing the intellectual standards of thtl Dju, became interested in the Gospel missionary body. The assertion has about a year ago. Robbers entered his frequently been made that the mis-

sionaries are not well educated, either justments, the Council is deeply con- in their own learning or in that of the vinced that, for a long time to come country in which they work. How- the help of missionaries will be re- ever, the results of the investigation, quired in one part of China or another, as read by Mr. Dwight W. Edwards, of for practically every type of work ….

the Peking Young Men's Christian "If the opportunity were but real- Association, before the Peking Mis- ized by students and other young peo- sionary Association, reveal that 127 ple in the older churches, there would of the 174 missionaries are college surely be a large offering of the finest graduates with B.A. degrees, 39 are men and women to come in as fellow members of honorary societies such workers of Chinese Christians in the as Phi Beta Kappa, and 57 have M.A. common service of the Church in this degrees. Furthermore, this group has land. It is our prayer that, in this spent 226 years in graduate study in new day for China, the opportunity home universities, or an average of may be seen and taken by many in the 1.2 years apiece. Only 17 of the total spirit of Christ, who said, 'I am among 174 do not hold degrees of some sort, you as one that serveth.' "

and of these twelve are wives. Two K. T. Paul, president of the Allare business secretaries, one is a India Christian Conference of India, nurse, and one has a distinguished reported for his country at Jerusalem: record as, a student of and a writer "India does want missionaries, as many as you can send. . .. It is the New Missionaries Needed missionary, the human being who lives and loves in the ordinary every- OVER a thousand definite calls for day life of Christ, that is always wel- new missionaries are listed by come. We want missionaries, Christthe Student Volunteer Movement from like missionaries, who will come and the many sending agencies. Over live among us and identify themselves seven hundred and fifty represent with us, who will share with us all definite and immediate opportunities our joys and sorrows in the spirit of for Christian service abroad finan- Christ." cially provided for in 1929. "The Japanese are anxious to co- These are minimum calls. Some boards were unable as yet to report operate with missionaries," wrote exact figures, and others are confident Bishop Kogoro Uzaki, of the Japan that increased missionary giving will Methodist Church, and chairman of the National Christian Council. continue throughout the year, and But in the face of persistent calls make some of the provisional calls for more missionaries from the actual. Nearly one thousand new mis- younger churches abroad, the sending sionaries are expected to sail in 1929, agencies are unable to find sufficient if well qualified candidates are avail- candidates qualified to meet the deable. mand. New student volunteers en- The National Christian Council of rolling in 1928 were but ten per cent China, composed chiefly of Chinese of those of 1920. There is a similar members, at its sixth annual meeting or greater decrease in the number of last October, "faced with deep concern non-student volunteer candidates. Be- the serious situations caused by the cause of this the boards are often uncertainty in many minds as to the unable to pick missionaries of superior need and place for missionaries in the quality.

Christian movement in China." This In view of urgent needs abroad, and Council reported: "In spite of the fact waiting opportunities, will the youth that, in some cases, missionaries have of the churches respond ?-The Chris- withdrawn owing to necessary read- tian Advocate.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us

receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by tricts are still largely unoccupied by Paul S. Mayer. 12 mo. 506 pp. Kyo either Japanese or foreign Christian Bun Kwan, Ginza, Tokyo. 1928. workers. This means that twenty-six million farmers, one and a half million A remarkable library on Christian fishermen and four and a half million work in Japan has been compiled in laborers are practically unreached the twenty-six volumes of which this with the Christian message. The secis the latest. Each chapter tells the tion on Formosa repays a careful story of some phase of progress or de- reading. The statistics for Japan show scribes present conditions in Japan fifty-six Protestant societies at work and Formosa. Korea is unfortunately with 1,211 foreign missionaries, 4,978 omitted in this volume. Japanese Christian workers, and 188,- 566 baptized Protestant Christians. Not only Christian work but the Other figures relate to educational, political situation and foreign rela- medical and philanthropic work. tions, industrial and economic conditions, religion and education are The policy recommended for the coincluded in the survey. The sections operation of the Japanese Church and on Japan's relations with Russia and foreign missionaries for occupying America, and the internal conditions new fields include the following: in Japan are illuminating. Mr. Okuyama shows why Japan is com- 1. A union theological institution. mitted to a program of peace. Pres- 2. Agreement to avoid overlapping. ent-day Shintoism is revealed as a 3. Better equipment for educational religion of many different sects, wor- institutions. shiping various tutelary deities and 4. More kindergartens. celebrating numerous festivals. It is 5. Trained leadership for social welinteresting to note that the Christian fare work. churches and missions have nearly 6. Interchange of Christian workers 200,000 children under instruction. with other nations. The importance of Sunday-school 7. Discouragement to the introduction teaching is increasingly recognized. of new Christian sects. Work for neglected classes and in the city slums is described in separate The Anatomy of African Misery. Lord Olivier. 12 mo. 234 pp. 68. London. 1927.

chapters and the work and influence Africa was "dark" before the white of the National Christian Council is man entered but many woes have been favorably reported. An important added by traders, adventurers and and suggestive section deals with "The politicians. Lord Olivier has sym- Christian Life and Message in Rela- pathy for the miseries of the African tion to the Non-Christian Faiths." that are due to white exploitation and This points out the cardinal teachings domination. He analyses the causes of Christianity and its superiority to of dissatisfaction and suggests remother religions. In the chapter on un- edies. Slavery has been abolished but occupied fields, we are told that 428 enforced servitude continues. Tribal towns with populations of over 5,000 laws and customs have been made of have no Christian work and rural dis- no effect in districts under white con- 733

trol, but better ways of life have not birth here. He shows the encouraging supplanted the old standards of moral- progress in cooperation, and some of ity and the old methods of education. the results of church union of various Communal tenure of land has been types. He is in favor of the affiliated displaced and the black man is not per- type of community church in rural mitted to settle where he will or to districts but advocates cooperation live according to his ancient custom. rather than union among larger de- Employment in mining and other in- nominations. The bibliography and dustrial centers and in white settle- addenda give much useful information.

ments lower the moral standards and the black man is powerless to combat The Kingdom Without Frontiers. Hugh the evils. Kept down by racial dis- Martin. 96 pp. $1. New York. 1928.

crimination and without the right to "The Bible is a missionary book, not vote, he is under white domination because it contains isolated texts with and laudable ambition to progress is a missionary flavor, but because the discouraged. Lord Olivier believes in main line of argument that binds to- giving the black man a chance to de- gether all its volumes is the exposition, velop in body, mind and spirit-with the unfolding, and the gradual execu- adequate land, freedom to choose his tion of a missionary purpose." This occupation, educational opportunities, sentence from the introduction gives self-government and encouragement the reader a true idea of the contents.

from his white brothers in self-respect The author finds the first message in and industry. the prophets and points out its de- The "Five Fears of South Africa" velopment in the New Testament. The are enumerated as (1) fear of increas- chapter on "The World Outlook of ing competition of natives with Euro- Jesus" is especially helpful and the dis- peans on the wage labor market; (2) cussion of "The Gospel of the Holy fear of increasing native resentment Spirit" clearly reveals the missionary because of white arrogance and dis- impulse among the early Christians.

criminations; (3) fear that white civilization may be infected and the The Humauity of God. John Wright morale of European stock deteriorate; Buckham, D.D. 247 pp. $2.50. New (4) fear of increasing miscegenation; York. 1928. (5) fear of native domination through political franchise. Here is a philosophical discussion of problems arising in the realm of Lord Olivier believes that if the theology, based on the theory of the African is treated fairly and educated universal Fatherhood of God and properly he will be an asset rather theistic evolution. It will not prove than a liability in South Africa. satisfying to those who believe in the "Fatherhood of God" as applying only Protestantism in the United States. Archer to those who have been spiritually B. Bass. 8vo. 364 pp. $3. New "born again." The thesis as stated by York. 1929. the author is: "To maintain that the Dr. Bass was educated as a soldier symbolic conception of God as Father, and a Christian minister and therefore offers an interpretation of religious is a firm believer in closer fellowship experience and a theory concerning and cooperation among Christians the ultimate meaning of man and the rather than in "close communion," al- cosmos, which is not only tenable but though he is a Baptist. His book is is more rational as well as more pro- an informing study of the rise and ductive of human well being than any growth of sectarianism in the Prot- other." There is a wide range of ap- estant Church, its benefits and its plication to this thesis covering the evils. Forty-two Protestant denomina- whole field of human experience.

tions have been imported into Amer- There is a wealth of quotation and ica and 113 new sects have had their allusion to the world's great literature.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The title, "The Humanity of God," is then crossed the span of countries as a misnomer and suggests the possi- far as Europe, where it burned with bilities of false teaching that for- an unsteady gleam for half a century tunately does not develop in the book. and then returned to its native country It is a scholarly and reverent discus- where it continued to burn more modsion of the Fatherhood of God, studied estly as one light beside other and from every possible angle. The love brighter ones. of God is brought into the realm of our spiritual appreciation. The book is a presentation of the role Confucianism played in Europe M. T. SHELFORD. under the influence of the Jesuits and it is written in the beautiful style of Important to Me. By Margaret Slattery. the director of the Ostasien Mission. 12 mo. 93 pp. $1. Boston. 1929. C. THEODORE BENZE. Miss Slattery is never dull; she is always helpful, especially to young Liberia-Old and New. James L. Sibley women. In this little booklet she and D. Westermann. 317 pp. $1.50. draws from her wide experience and Garden City, N. Y. 1928. Christian convictions many useful letters on the care of the body, the edu- A half-forgotten chapter in our hiscation of the mind, the development of tory recalls the fact that the Christian character; the place of religion, the conscience of America was in revolt Bible and the Church, and the in- against human slavery long before the fluence of companions. Throughout Civil War. The beginnings of the she exalts Christ as the great Teacher founding of Liberia in 1820 and onand Helper. Warnings and inspira- ward present a combination of Christion gathered from the lives of young tian idealism as expressed through men and young women are gripping the American Colonization Society, and challenging. The author is widely the striving for liberty on the part of known and loved for what she is and American-born Negroes repatriated for the help she has given to young upon the continent of Africa and a women in solving the life problems, genuine effect upon the part of Amernot by preaching but by inspiring to ican government leaders to atone in higher things. some measure for the terrible crime of past centuries in the introduction Konfuzius in Aller Welt. Theodor De- of African slaves into America. varanne. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung. 5 marks. Leipsig, Germany. Dr. Westermann has contributed five important chapters on the social The sub-title: "A Tragic Chapter and religious life of the inland peoin the History of the Human Soul," ples native to Liberia and Mr. Sibley is explained in the preface as follows: gives a fascinating story of present "It is the tragedy of a fading star conditions in the colony, outlining the which we see before us here. Just work of the Christian missions and as catastrophes take place in space, adding a complete educational proso there lies a catastrophe in the gram which is the outgrowth of his spiritual history of mankind before investigations made in behalf of the us. Eastern Asia turns more to the American Advisory Committee on West now, than to its own past. East- Education. ern Asia becomes more and more aware of the Occident rather of its For a hundred years Liberians own ideals. Eastern Asia is beginning have reproduced the American reto feel that both Occident and Orient publican form of government and belong to God." Christian institutions upon the con- tinent of Africa with a relative de- In the spirit of these words the book gree of success. In the days to come tells the story of a light that sent its Liberia will possess increasing sigrays eastward to Japan across the sea, nificance in respect to the Christian development of the great continent.

American Christians, in the study of thinker, he is conscientious and he African missions, ought to have a bases his objections on Biblical knowledge of the facts given in this grounds. These objections include the book. P. H. J. LERRIGO. claims of the chairman for the au- thority of the Conference, the state- The Outlined Romans. Robert Lee. 104 ment of the aim of missions, the view pp. 3s. London. 1928. of educational work in missions, the advocacy of the church's cooperation These scriptural studies represent with "World Forces," and the policies with reference to native churches and two and a half years of blackboard the training of native leaders. Mr. Allen's missionary policy is evannotes and outlines on the epistle, given gelistic and there is much to be said for his views as to following more at the Mildmay Conference Hall, Lon- fully the apostolic missionary meth- ods. don. Blackboard outlines are like Where Polar Ice Begins. By S. H. Gapp. skeletons-it is hard to create a living Paper 50c. Bethlehem. 1928.

person out of them.

Each page is a subject by itself, and contains a brief outline of a few verses studied; buttressed by chapter and verse. JAMES F. RIGGs.

Forty Names of Satan. By T. C. Horton. The story of Moravian Missions in Pamphlet. 25 pp. 25c. Long Beach, Alaska is a record of pioneering in California. 1928. the Kuskokwim District where the Moravians have thirty-one out-sta- -This is not a cheerful or very in- tions. This booklet contains useful spiring study, but it reveals the va- general information on the territory, riety and activity of the satanic char- its history, people, government and acter. Many names are duplicated in resources, as well as many interesting their significance-as Apollyon and facts about the Eskimos, their char- Abaddon. The most important part of acteristics, habits, religion and work the pamphlet relates to the personality among them. and influence of Satan, giving reason for thanksgiving that he is not victor.

The Changing Family. By George Walter Jerusalem: A Critical Review of "The Fiske, 318 pp. $2.25. Harper Brothers. New York. 1928. World Mission of Christianity." By Roland Allen. Pamphlet. 35 cents. The sub-title to this very informing London. 1928. book is "Social and Religious Aspects Intelligent, conscientious critics, of the Modern Family." Dr. Fiske, like the opposition party in politics, who is a professor in the graduate are useful assets. They are not al- school of Theology at Oberlin, is well- ways agreeable company but they known through his writings which make us watch our step and examine have made his name one to be reckoned our policies and program more care- with in circles of Religious Education.

fully. Mr. Allen is essentially a critic The author champions the idea that of the present policies in missionary the spiritual alone can save the fam- enterprises and he writes cautiously ily. His contention is that the birth but fearlessly. He here reviews the of altruism founded the home. Noth- reports of the Jerusalem Conference ing can seriously threaten it but selfish and frankly finds many faults in the individualism. This would mean a papers presented. The chief criticism reversion to type, a leap back to the of his criticism is that he has searched jungle. It is exactly this danger that so diligently for the faults that he has the ultra-modern family is facing.

not seen any of the virtues. Neverthe- Individualism has run amuck. It is less, it is advisable for the Interna- disintegrating when not under control tional Missionary Council and other of noble spiritual principles.

missionary officials to study Mr. In the past family stability rested Allen's objections. He is a clear on male autocracy. The cost of this

was female servitude. Today minds were heightened beyond

woman has won complete emancipation common measure. Thus their words and is recognized as the equal of man. convey a personal experience with We must therefore seek a new stabil- reality. He thinks this is the only izer and the greatest possible stabil- authority that Biblical authors need izer of the family is vital Christianity. to claim. Here we face the problem which this volume presents. Like much else that With Goethe, Professor Dodd affirms has gone out of the home of today, we that the Bible will grow more beautifind religion missing. Too many mod- ful the more we understand it. The ern homes are on skids. They have chapter on The Content of Old Testano more roots than an airplane. ment Prophecy is an excellent pres- entation of the theory of develop- The chapter on How Religion Stabil- ment. Here we trace the rise of the izes the Home contains the kernel of religious ideal, from the modern point the author's argument. One out of of view, from the most primitive every seven American homes is ulti- forms to the New Testament era. mately broken by divorce, but prob- Higher criticism is declared to be, not ably ninety-eight per cent of really a series of elaborate guesses, hut cer- Christian homes are never broken in tain conclusions scientifically reached. this way at all, because religion is the best possible insurance against it. J. F. RIGGS.

In suggesting the constructive rem- NEW BOOKS edy for the situation, the author happily avoids the noticeably weak The Great Tribulation and the Second Comsolutions of many books on home life ing of Christ. W. E. Biederwolf. 32 pp. today and strongly stresses the char- 20c. Hamilton Bros. Boston. 1929. acter values of a spiritual religion. Dr. Fiske makes really usable sugges- Hospital Sketche~. Edited by H. G. G. tions and quotes resolutions on the Herklots. 81 pp. 18. London. 1929. subject which are worthy of the careful consideration by all parents. The Charles Inwood: His Ministry and Its book is well balanced and is admirably Secret. Archibald M. Hay. Illus. 226 adapted to the needs of church work- pp. 68. Marshall Bros. London. 1929. ers and leaders in religious education. Love's Danger Signal- The Doctrine of J. F. RIGGS. Future Retribution. John G. Reid. 52 pp. Bible Institute Colportage Assn. The Authority of the Bible. By C. H. Chicago. 1929. ' Dodd, M.A. 310 pp. $3.00. Harper Bros. New York. 1929. Alexander Marshall. John Hawthorn. 159 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. The successor to Dr. James Moffatt London. 1929. of Mansfield College, Oxford, is the author of this interesting volume Pictures That Talk. Series I and II. E. which is a clear presentation of the J. Page. 10c each. Bible Institute argument. Although frankly "mod- Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1929. ern," it is reverent in its approach to the question of authority. The meth- Trends in Protestant Giving. Charles H. od is based on history and experience. Fahs. 67 pp. Institute of Social and Professor Dodd considers the religious Religious Research. New York. 1929. genius of the men who wrote the bogks in our Canon as a psychological proc- Triennial Report of the Board of Foreign ess of revelation. His emphasis is on Missions of the United Presbyterian the life lying behind the word, rather Churoh. 1925-6-7. 245 pp. Philadel- than in the word itself. He conceives phia. 1929. of inspiration as not verbal but personal-a direct imaginative experience The Smiling Faces. Annual Report of the of truth believed to come from God. Mission to Lepers-1928. 48 pp. 6d. It parallels dream psychology and Mission to Lepers. London. 1929. comes under the category of intuitive knowledge. The prophets' hearts and Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in America-1929. 128 pp. New York. 1929.

(lOMING EVENTS October 30-31. School of Missions- Baltimore, Maryland.

November 10-12. International Good- will-Nashville, Tennessee.

November 10-17. Week of Prayer of the World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.

~rmm !II! '''' Ii iWlllilllllililiIIlliWllIlilUlllllllllIIJWy:nm:uumrnrrnmmWJllllillllilDllllltIl1lll1lJ i , ""ti l1IlillIJUIJlli1iIIIIlillIllII

Do You Believe It? Do You Know Why? READ "WHY BELIEVE IT?"

By DELAVAN L. PIERSON, M.A.

Author of the "Life of Arthur T. Pierson," "For Each New Day," "Pacific Islanders," etc.

It is rich in facts, readable, stimulating, convincing; a study of faith and conduct, in the light of the Bible, reason, science and experience.

Includes chapters on BELIEF PRACTICE Tests for Truth The Christian Life The Riddle of ~he Universe Why Work? Can We Know God? The Value of Money The Credentials of Christ Shall We Play? The Reality of the Spirit Marriage and Divorce Concerning the Trinity Effective Prayer What Is the Bible? Life and Its Meaning Creeds and Their Consequences Death and Its Sequel Multitudes of practical questions are asked and answered.

The book is interestingly written and into it is crowded a vast amount of instruction in things that matter most. To possess, within the compass of the volume, a clear and comprehensive portrayal of what is essential Christianity, is a priceless enrichment.

Do:' O. SHELTO:', LL.D., PrcsidCllt of the Nat;ollal Bible Illstitllte.

New York City. I These chapters are concise, Judd, convincing, sane. . . . Every conclusion is hased on the clear teaching of Scripture and is supported by the testimony of science and philosophy and Christian experience. THE RE'·. CHARl.ES R. ERDMA'-', D.D.; L.L.D., Princeton, K. J.

Send for a ('opy to-day. It will prove valuable in its suggestions for sermon preparation, Bible class work or to answer personal problems, espe- cially of modern youth.

Price $1 :50 a copy. The Missionary Rez,jc1t' of the World $2.50 a year The Two for $3.00-(saves $1.00) I I THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY I 156 Fifth Avenue, New York ~ nmrn "'I! I!I! I!I! III. "' III 'III III IIImmmmUJIrrmmm,m, III "' "" 111111 IIII'I!I! 111111111111 111111' 1111 III II I! , II , II III III 'I! 11111 I!I! _ " , I!' I! II I! , , II II ",mui, . III III' lilll

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1929

TOWERS OF BABEL IN A GREAT

We are subconsciously influenced by what we read— To-day when an antidote to the ephemeral is so badly needed the value of a Church Magazine in the home is beyond all estimate- THE ~————————— PRESBYTERIAN This Blank Is Your Invitation to Subscribe MAGAZINE THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE, Supplies this worth-while reading matter Room 102.1505 Race Street, for the whole family pr.iladelphia, Pa.

INSPIRING : INFORMING , INTERESTING Please send the Presbyterian Mse-8zine to me (or PICTORIAL : INVALUABLE one year. I enclose One Dollar to cover the sub- scription.

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$1 Twelve beautifully illustrated numbers, Address-+_……….__..•…. _____…..••……••……….••.•••••••••••.••••••••• reflecting the whole work per City_______…_____••.••••••.•• _____..•••…•••..••• State__………….. _•••__ of the whole Church – – year PERSONAL China, and had been in Korea for twenty years, having done much to improve liv- DR. ARTHUR JU'DSON BROWN has retired from the secretaryship of the Board ing conditions there and to cultivate a of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, having reached the age limit, peaceable spirit between the Koreans and after an honored and most fruitful service of over a quarter of a century. .. the Japanese. '" EBEN E. OLCOTT, President of the Hud- OBITUARY son River Day Line, a highly-honored MISS LILLIAN A. DRANE, for fifteen years a missionary of the Christian and member, of the Board of Foreign Mis- Missionary Alliance, stationed at Nanling, Anhwei, China, died in Boston on sions of the Reformed Church in Amer- May 30th as the result of an operation. Miss Drane was highly honored and ica, one 0:( the promoters of the Laygreatly beloved for her Christian character and service. men's Missionary Movement and treas- * .. * urer of a number of interdenominational missi01lary, enterprises, died at his home MRS. DAN EVERETT WAID, a prominent and highly-honored member of the Board in New York City, on Wednesday, June of National Missions of the Presbyterian' Church, an author, speaker, and an active 5th, in his seventy-sixth year, after a. worker in behalf of students and foreign populations in America, died at her home prolonged illness. 1 Lexington Ave., New York, on June 11th. Mrs. Waid, formerly Eva May .. .. * Clark, was born in White Cloud, Kansas, in 1869. She married Dan E. Waid, now GENERAL BRAMWELL BOOTH, recently head of the Salvation Army, died at his a prominent arch•itec..t, *in 1891. home near London on June 16th at the FRANK BROCKMAN, senior representative of the Y. M. C. A. in Korea, died at age of 73. .. .. * the age of 51 in the hospital at Princeton, N. J., on June 11th, after two years' REV. R. P. MACKAY, D.D., of Toronto, illness. He was a native of Georgia, a who was for forty years secretary of the brother of Dr. Fletcher S. Brockman of Foreign Mission Board of the Presby- terian Church of Canada, died of heart disease at Woodstock, Ont., on May 28th at the age of eighty-three. He was also a former moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Canada and a strong advocate of union with the Methodist Church. He was highly honored and much beloved not only throughout his own church but also by the missionary leaders of the United States.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS July Review-Our City Number Page FRONTISPIECE-MoDERN TOWERS OF BABEL IN A GREAT METROPOLIS EXPANDING METHODS OF A CITY CHURCH .•……..••…………. E. J. HELMS 501 The remM'kablc story 01 the Church ()/ All Nations and its manifold ministry in Boston.

A CHURCH THAT MET NEW CONDITIONS ……………….•… HOMER K. PITMAN 505 How (t church refused to acknowledge defeat and devised its program to meet the changed surround'mgs.

BROADCASTING THE GOSPEL BY RADIO ………………. HERBERT ·F. LAFLAMME 509 Some results oj the great Ohurch Rederation program in New York Oity.

RELIGIOUS 'FORCES IN A GREAT CITY •••••.••.•..••.••••.••..•••••.••..•..•.••. 512 THE CITY'S FLOATING POPULATION •…………•.••.•..•…….. H. A. DALZELL 513 The story oj how a personal In'Ditation Oommittee meets the problem in Ohicago.

DOES A RELIGIOUS SURVEY HELP ..•……….•..•.••…. ARTHUR H. ARMSTRONG 517 The results 0/ a religious 8Ur1)cy oj St. Louis as seen jive years later.

A UNIQUE WORK AMONG WOMEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY A COUNCIL MEMBER 520 The .tory of ten year.' activity of the BU8ine•• Women'. OOllncil oj the Friendlv League Jar Ohristian Service.

A LAYMEN'S WORK OF CITY EVANGELISM ………………. WILLIAM MCCARRELL 524 The inBPiring Btory QJ the Fishermen'. Club oj Ohri8tian Laymen.

ADVENTURES IN THE BOWERY DISTRICT ……………….. WILl, lAM N. HUBBELL 528 Wha,t is being done for the depressed clas8es in the American Metropolis.

WORK FOR CITY BOYS AND GIRLS •…•.•••…………………… CART, DAWKINS 533 Haw the youth and their parents are ministered to in the Baptist Tem.ple of Rochester.

A CHURCH THAT DRAWS THE MASSES …………………….. P. W. PHILPOTT 535 What the Moody Memorial Ohu.rch, of Chicago is doing with its new auditorium seat- ing jour thoosand people.

AN ADVENTURE AMONG THE JEWS …………………… JOHN STUART CONNING 539 An encoura.ging report of the 'Work of the Penid Oommunity Oenter in Chicago.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ……..•…•………….. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 543 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLE'l'IN ……..••..•• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 051 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN •……..•.. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 555 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……… ,………………………………………. 558 BOOKS WORTH READING ……•……………•…•••••••.•.••.•…•………•. 574 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents, Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEElt, Pre8ident Wll. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DlIlLAVAN L. PIERSON, SecretlJh1l W ALTHR McDOUGALL, Treasurer PuMication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second·class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. OUR CITY NUMBER Life in our American cities is becom- The Missionary ing more and more complex. One hun- dred years ago there were no large Amer- Training Institute ican cities with congested and hetero- geneous masses of population. Only four Nyack-on-the-Hudson per cent or 280,000 of the seven million people lived in cities. Today 44 per cent NEW YORK or 53,000,000 of the one hundred and twenty million population live in 900 offers unique opportunity during the cities of over ten thousand population. summer months, for profitable Bible Several of these cities contain more peo- study under competent instructors. ple than individual states or nations. In many of the larger cities business and Courses are arranged with a view amusements have crowded out or over- to preparing young men and young shadowed the churches, and hotels and women for either home or foreign apartments have displaced private homes. Christian work. The proper training of children has be- come more and more a problem; spiritual Work done in the summer can be influences have been more and more applied toward credit for diploma. neglected and law enforcement has be- come increasingly difficult in spite of a Fall Term Opens September 10, 1929 larger number of police and court offi- cials. There are nearly eight thousand For catalog write to religious, reformatory, charitable and other philanthropic organizations in New JOHN H. CABLE, Principal York City, working for the betterment of life in that great metropolis. NYACK, N. Y.

The cities· are a problem to educators ( and Christian workers and offer a fitting topic for this year's mission study I:' , classes. A number of valuable books have been prepared and are noted else- LET YOUR GIf, where in this issue which we devote especially to this subject. Here students and to Foreign Missions other readers will find inspiring and suggestive articles on many phases of city PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME life as viewed by the followers of Christ. Other articles are necessarily omitted You can make a generous gift to foreign misfor lack of space and will be published sions and have a needed income for yourself later. These include a discussion of the and others from the money you give by the relation of the Church to the members of the theatrical profession, of whom Annuity Gift Plan there are estimated to be in New York alone nearly twenty thousand men and This plan relieves you of uncertainty and women. Another article that will ap- worry caused by changing values of invested pear later deals with Christ and the in- funds and assures you a fixed income of dustrial workers and another with "New Americans" and how to reach them with 4t% to 9% per year the Gospel. We invite our readers to send in requests for articles on other for the rest ofyour life related topics that they would like to have presented in the REVIEW. A Teserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you.

Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the world.

For full information write Erne. F. Hall~ Seeretary, Ih!pt. of Annuitiea BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New Yotk Please mention TIlE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THe WORLD in writing to advertisers. The Mid·'l'own Section of New York-Puzzle: Find the Churches and Homes I

LII, No.7 July

THE MISSIONARY 1ieWO..~~ EXPANDING METHODS OF A CITY CHURCH The Work of the Morgan Memorial, Boston, Mass.

BY REV. E. J. HELMS, D.D., Boston, Mass.

W HAT would you do if you the secretary paused in her task of acce~ted a church located giving out pay-slips to interview in the very center of segre- a hungry-looking man and the girl- gated vice and that church was wife who stood beside him with tied up with legal restrictions so her baby daughter.

that it could not be sold or moved The father had been out of work.

away, like the other churches in Their rent was unpaid and the that neighborhood? If your Chris- landlady could keep them no tianity were militant you would try longer. Their last coin had to go to "rescue the perishing" and for a meager noon meal. We took change the conditions. That is the man into our workshops and what Morgan Memorial did with found a room for them close by.

the help of the agencies in the A few weeks later the baby became church and city that it could enlist. ill. The anxious mother brought What would you do if the com- her to our clinic and we gave the munity was composed of people in child free treatment. One of our the direst poverty and they were workers found them living in a overtaken by a financial panic that damp basement room, where they sent them to your chapel beseech- were not having enough to eat.

ing you for food and fuel and cloth- The girl, who yearned for a home, ing and medicine? You would de- was trying to save a little and when vise a system, like the Goodwill the child was admitted to our day Industries, whereby you could pro- nursery, the mother found work.

vide them with self-respecting Now, they are living in a kitchen- work instead of begging-Hnot ette apartment. The father has a charity but a chance." That is position and the mother is able to what Morgan Memorial did and its stay at home and care for the child.

method has since been adopted in This is one of the many families fifty-two cities in the United States we have helped in time of need.

and sixteen cities in other lands. What would you do if your com- This is how the Goodwill works munity became so polyglot that it at Morgan Memorial. The em- was composed of more than 90:'7'0 ployment bureau was crowded and foreign-speaking people who could 501

scarcely understand "English as facilities were provided in your she is spoke"? You would find city plan. A big fresh air farm helpers who could speak the lan- in the country would be found to guages of these new-comers and serve as a preventorium for sickcould minister to them in ways ness and a disseminator of moral and words so that they could and spiritual health. That is what understand the true meaning of Morgan Memorial has done for the Gospel. That is what Morgan many years and has brought bene- Memorial did for the Syrian Col- fit to thousands. ony, the Italian Colony, the Portuguese, the colored, the Russian and Mr. Sanda was hurt in an acthe Armenian Colonies that have cident and was in the hospital. His settled all around the church. wife came to us in great distress saying, "I have four children, my Overcoming Babel Joe and Mary have to go to school. I used to sew in the old country. The tower of Babel showed that Tailor say he give me work. But it is impossible to reach heaven by I can't leave a two-year baby alone rearing structures of brick and and my Lena's only four." stone. Confusion of tongues was the result. On the contrary, the Our welfare secretary is like a Church of All Nations, with its fairy godmother. She set out to cross pointing toward the sky, is solve the problem as though these proving that Love to God and man were her children. She solved is the one language reuniting us it speedily. The two little ones all. were admitted to our day nursery. Mary came for the noon meal Here, Syrian families find the and after-school care. A kind sympathetic understanding of our neighbor gave Joe his dinner in Syrian pastor. Italian men and return for running errands. He women confide their woes to a min- joined our Boy Scouts, came to our ister from their own sunny shore. gymnasium, and learned to make Greek meets compatriot and min- useful articles in our industrial gles with twenty-six other nation- classes. Best of all, the children alities. A colored evangelist visits were kept off the street and given the shut-ins of his parish. wholesome surroundings and care.

We can never hope to make this When Mr. Sanda returned from work self-supporting for the people the hospital, he found his home are poor, except in enthusiasm. waiting for him and his family in- God loves us all, regardless of race tact. Our Children's Settlement and color. The Church of All Na- means just as much to many, many tions is everybody's church. others.

What would you do if the old It didn't take a prophet or a sodwelling houses of the neighbor- cial engineer or a financial captain hood became over-crowded tene- or a sociological expert or a civic ments, unsanitary and a moral reformer to do all this. Just love menace to this "city wilderness" for needy folks, stick-to-it-iveness because the children had no place and a bit of common sense for seeto play but the narrow, dirty ing and doing the next necessary streets? You would again agitate thing and using everybody who until the streets were widened and could help you, especially if they playgrounds built and recreational had more "gumption" than you.

EXPANDING METHODS OF A CITY CHURCH

That was all; and there has her a decent man. A week after arisen: we landed, she met my Buddy …. and married him. Took to drink- 1. A Children's Settlement that ing myself after that. Broke my ministers to more than three thou- dad's heart … drifting ever since." sand different children of 31 different nationalities every year. Our secretary talked with John a long time and helped him find a 2. A Seavey Settlement for lost position at his old trade. Before men where more than 1,200 such the year was over he visited his destitute brothers every year have father. Today, John Bowles is been led back to God by a Rescue married to a girl who would never Mission which has as a part of its THE MORGAN MEMORIAL CHILDREN'S SETTLEMENT, GOODWILL INDUSTRIES, CHURCH OF ALL NATIONS, AND MISSION ~'OR LOST MEN reclamation work, dormitories, have deserted him for a dissipated cafeterias, reading rooms, recrea- Buddy. He has two fine children. tion rooms and friendly associa- You could not hire him to take a tions, such as the Y. M. C. A. pro- drink. vides for more fortunate young men. Last winter we furnished 6,324 beds to homeless men. Every John Bowles came to us one night our mission is giving food night just before time to close the and shelter to somebody's father, mission door. He swallowed his somebody's brother … somebody's hot coffee and rolls as if half fam- son. ished. Two days later he told this story: 3. The Eliza A. Henry Settle- ment is an elderly working wom- "Overseas, my Buddy drank and en's home and students' residence sank pretty low at times. Kept which gives an opportunity for the straight myself. Hard job, but women of slender means to find a you see, I left a sweetheart at comfortable residence. It also prohome. Wanted to come back to vides young married students with

cozy suites where they may live Morgan Memorial Goodwill Inwhile they are completing their dustries and have labored there education. All these may find part- and earned in self-respecting time work in the Morgan Memorial wages more than $200,000.00. Children's Settlement or Goodwill These poor people represent all Industries while they continue nationalities and conditions. their studies. 6. The Church of All Nations Miss Stone sighed as she fas- provides a place of worship in tened her cloak to leave the office. which there are special services for "You always look so happy, Mrs. those who do not understand the Grey. Here am I alone in the English language. The congregaworld. Each night I enter a dark, tions meet at different hours on the cold room in a dingy tenement Sabbath and on the different evehouse, kindle a wood fire, eat my nings of the week to worship in supper and go to bed. I can't af- their own tongues. These congreford anything better. You live gations are not self-supporting but with your daughter, I suppose." are assisted by the Home Mission- ary Board. There is also a congre- "No," Mrs. Grey replied, "she is gation of English-speaking folks out West; but I have so many who are self-suppprting. The friends around me." Then she ex- church membership will never beplained about our Yarmouth St. come large because as fast as their Settlement for working women. material conditions improve the "It would be just the place for people migrate to the more favoryou," she added. able suburban districts where they can bring up their children in a Today, Miss Stone occupies a better way than they can in the pleasant, comfortable room in our congested tenements of the South Eliza Henry Home. She has a End of Boston. While the comwhite-enameled sink, a gas-plate munity around Morgan Memorial with an oven, electric lights and, has improved very greatly in rebest of all, she is surrounded by cent years, the best part of the friends. work is found among those to whom it has ministered who are 4. A Fresh Air Farm and In- now living in those sections of the dustrial Plantation, where several city far separated from this conhundred of the neediest children gested neighborhood. and adults can go out into God's country and be restored to health Morgan Memorial seeks to comand listen to the best things during bine common sense, continuous efthe long summer vacations. fort, the spirit of Christ, and the cooperation of consecrated leaders. Character and Self-Help In several cities work of this char- acter has been established and is 5. Goodwill Industries where producing similar and even greater old and handicapped and deserving beneficient results. Every Chrismen and women out of work cali tian Church in our own times come and make over into service- would do well to follow the teachable articles the things provided ing and practice of Jesus in minby well-to-do people who send in istering to all the needs of all their cast-off materials. During classes. the past year more than 5,000 different destitute people have applied for a chance to work in the

TO CHILDREN IN T H E D. V. B. S. AT 'l'RINl'l'Y CElN'J'ER

A CHURCH THAT MET NEW CONDITIONS The Story of Trinity Center, San Francisco, California BY REV. HOMER K. PITMAN, D.D.

/ N OLD aristocratic church ilies of wealth and social prestige f i sometimes faces radically lived here. The earthquake and changed social conditions fire of 1906 wrought a general and finds it necessary to make a transformation, when the fire rather complete adjustment of its swept over half of its area, and the program or to pass out of exist- remainder was crowded with refence. Trinity Church stands in the ugees, including many from the heart of what is known as the Mis- poorer sections of the city. In the sion District of San Francisco. It rebuilding, industries secured a was founded in 1868 during Cali- firm foothold here and the well-tofornia's period of most rapid de- do families moved out. The old velopment following the Civil War, houses were transformed into when San Francisco was a city of cheap flats, into which wage earnabout 150,000. The section has ers moved, so that the district has developed out of the original settle- become the home of the larger part ment around the old mission of the of the city's industrial classes. Franciscan Fathers. Protected by As a result of this change high hills from the cold winds and practically all of the Protestant fogs of the ocean, it was and is churches suffered severe reverses. San Francisco's choice section c1i- Some of them closed their doors matically. For many years it re- and old Trinity made brave efforts mained one of the most desirable to continue its work, but with little residential areas and many fam- success. The Presbyterian Board 505

of Home Missions (now the Board ized play, for the district is sadly of National Missions) was ap- lacking in playgrounds. Many of pealed to and in 1917 a thorough the children need direction because survey of the community was made their mothers are compelled to be under the direction of Dr. Wm. P. away from home at work. The Shriver. It was found that the older members of the church tried population of about 100,000, was hard to be sympathetic with the composed half of Roman Catholics new program, but it was not easy. and the remainder so-called Prot- Someone said, "Old Trinity Church estants merely because they were seems to have become a regular not Catholics. A serious lack of riff-raff church." The pastor religious influences was in the seized upon the expression and background of many. Few Bibles gloried in it. He reminded his were found in the homes of the people that Jesus had been critipeople and the need was great. cized for eating with publicans and The Board and the church agreed sinners and that it was recorded to work together in trying to ad- of him that "the common people just the program of the institution heard him gladly." to the needs of its community. It was mutually agreed that radical Popular evening programs were experiments might be tried. planned and all kinds of groups were invited. There were various Rev. Homer K. Pitman was State Nights in which former resicalled as pastor and the new work dents from Missouri, Iowa, Pennof Trinity Center began in the fall sylvania, and other states were of 1919. The name "Trinity brought together in little social Center" was adopted partly to affairs following the Sunday night avoid any special denominational services. One night was given emphasis and partly that there over to the employees of a near-by might be large room for the de- glass works, another one to railvelopment of a center of commu- road men, another to the postmen nity service. Emphasis from the of the district, and various kinds beginning was placed on service. of friendly contacts were made. The church boldly proclaimed that Motion pictures have been used it would seek to meet the needs of now for several years, not merely its community without regard to as a means of attracting people race or creed or social distinctions. into the church, but as a vehicle Its chief end was, declared to be for moral and religious truths. to serve the life of its community, The various life problems preto help make homes happier, to be sented in the pictures are used as interested even in the play of little a basis for study. Hymns and children, and to furnish comfort scripture lessons are thrown upon and companionship to age. the screen and the people are given an opportunity to sing the old Gos- The first approach was to the pel songs. The average attendance children. The old carpet in the for Sunday night through the year Sunday-school room was taken up, is about 600. wire screens were placed over the windows, and a gymnasium was On Wednesday night a someestablished. Clubs were organ- what similar program is carried ized, children were brought in out except that the picture has no off the streets and taught organ- connection with the religious serv-

A CHURCH THAT MET NEW CONDITIONS

ice, and is shown for entertain- and daughters sit down to breakment purposes only. The average fast together on that Sunday mornattendance at the devotional serv- ing. Fathers and sons do the same ice is 250. At the same time from in November. 150 to 200 children meet in another part of the building for stories and The Sunday morning church religious education. service, that in the past had been the one outstanding service of the The building is open every day week, gradually came to be one of in the week. Various clubs have the real problems. Something over been organized. Clinics are held. two years ago a serious effort was A CROWDED SERVICE IN TRINITY CHURCH UNDER NEW CONDITIONS The average total attendance per made to greatly enrich this service month is about 11,000. The Vaca- of worship by the use of procestion Bible School, conducted for sionals and vestments, a ritual, a four weeks each summer, has large chorus choir and an equally grown to a most unusual size. Last large children's choir. Great emsummer the average daily attend- phasis is placed upon the very word ance was over 800. Much is made "worship." While not so largely of special days during the year. attended as the popular evening One of the leading newspapers of service, this morning service has the city sponsors the Mothers' Day come to be recognized as a thing Program, furnishing carnations of beauty and a source of great infor all those who attend. Mothers spiration and help. Constant effort

is made to get attendants at the their denominational loyalties. The evening service to come and join experiment has been so successful in the morning program. that a further federation is being effected by the coming in of an- Though large emphasis is placed other congregational church, the upon social service work and a rec- Mission Park Church, a much reational program for childhood larger organization. Their pastor, and youth, evangelistic zeal is not Rev. Norman W. Pendleton is comforgotten. Over a five-year period ing with them. The executive Trinity Center has ranked third committee of the Bay Association among the 58 churches of the Pres- after having studied the situation bytery in the number received on carefully has given most cordial confession of faith. approval. When the property of the Mission Park Church is .sold, The institution that has been so the money will be made the nucleus much of an experiment station in methods has also become in the of a fund to be used in the erection last few years a'training school for of a Parish House adjoining or workers. Aided by scholarships near by the present building. Un~ furnished by some of the Presby- doubtedly the greatest obstacle to teries of ·the state, a number of further development is the lack of theological students from the The- adequate equipment. A neighborological Seminary at San Anselmo hood house will make possible come over for the week-end, do many new forms of friendly servsurvey work and pastoral visiting ice. under the direction of the pastor of the Center. Each Monday a The present staff of the Center seminar is held under the direction consists of the pastor, an assistant of Dr. Lynn T. White, professor of pastor, a director of work for girls, Sociology at the Seminary, whose general theme is, "The problems an office secretary, and a part-time of the city and the place of the director of religious education and church in helping to solve them." of music. In addition to the choirs Police officers and judges, social there is an orchestra and sen~or workers and others are invited in and junior bands. to discuss with the students the various problems with which they The two churches have more are dealing. than doubled in membership in the past few years, but much of the Within a year of the beginning population of the district is tranof Trinity Center as an institution comprising the work of Trinity sient. Presbyterian Church and of the Other denominations may unite Presbyterian Board of National Missions, a congregational group with the Presbyterians and Conwas added. Bethany Congrega- gregationalists in a united aptional Church, a neighbor unable proach to the community. Other longer to maintain its services in cities have similar situations and its own building, joined with the it is to be hoped that Trinity Presbyterians, still preserving the Center will offer helpful suggesautonomy of their church and tions as to means of bridging the chasm that too often exists be- tween the church and the workers of industry.

THE GOSPEL BY

BY REV. H. F. LAFLAMME, New York Greater New York J.'cderatian oj Ohurches I N THE winter of 1928, over 160 Federation began six years ago Protestant Churches in the five with a service each Sunday after- boroughs of New York City noon. In response to the demand united in a Campaign of Visitation from multitudes of people, and Evangelism. For one week each through the cooperation of the Na- borough actively engaged in con- tional Broadcasting' Company, they ducting this house to house cam- have added service after service paign under the direction of men until now they send out over the schooled in this new method. The air each week ten religious pro- time occupied was four weeks in grams over an aggregate of forty- Lent. Most of the 2,700 visitors two stations to all the cities of the were lay members of the church. United States. From these cities They went two by two into homes the services are broadcasted to with an invitation from each millions of other listeners. Thus church to its list of prospects. As the Federation and the Federal one result, 10,017 made decisions Council are the most extensive for Christ and at Easter 8,552 broadcasters of programs secular joined the churches of their choice. or religious in America today, if Discerning religious leaders not in the world.

have called this the most signifi- What an influence is exerted cant religious movement of the when, in ten months, 582 services present time. There were no pub- are broadcasted from 42 stations lic meetings and very little press with the help of 346 Christian publicity. There was no great re- ministers and 750 church singers!

ligious excitement and no fervent Far out in the Pacific Ocean to emotional appeals and yet this the west, in the South African amazing result followed. Without veldt to the east, to Arctic explor- some influence to kindle the fires ers in the long and lonely night of of religious emotion and mass ex- winter and to Commander Dick citement, what can be depended Byrd's expedition 12,000 miles upon to prepare the hearts and away in Little America this service minds of the non-church goers and reaches out. No one can possibly the religiously indifferent so that estimate the multitudes reached by they will be ready to make a deci- these services nor measure their sion of such a momentous char- intensity. Anyone speaker at any acter? one of these services will reach We are convinced that religious more people than in all the rest of radio broadcasting has been very his ordinary ministry.

largely influential in this direction. This world-wide proclamation of The Federal Council of Churches the Christian message is having a and the Greater New York Federa- pronounced influence on the listen- tion of Churches alone have been ers. Many who never go to broadcasting religious services church, who never read a religious every week for three years. The book or paper, who never open a 509

Bible and who never raise their made a great change in my life.

voices in a hymn of praise to God, As I sit in the quiet of my house are eagerly and regularly follow- listening to that beautiful service ing these services. The radio serv- over the air it seems like the very ice is thus taking the place of the voice of God speaking to me per- Evangelists' Tabernacle and pro- sonally. It occurred to me that if tracted meetings in preparing the I could hear God's voice, He could hearts and minds of the non-church hear mine. So I cut out swearing.

goers for the appeal of the church I no longer blaspheme." He had visitors in these Campaigns of Vis- been converted; for conversion is itation Evangelism. the recognition of God in our lives The visitors reported that they so that we order our lives to please were received in the homes with Him rather than ourselves.

great cordiality and, on an aver- The radio broadcasting reaches age, every third person signed all parts of the city and all condithe decision card and responded to tions of men. While presiding at a the invitation to become a follower service one Sunday afternoon, I of Christ. This favorable response was called to the telephone and a can best be accounted for by the voice said: "Two hundred people influence of the religious services over the air. are gathered in the street on the Lower East Side of the city listen- At times the message strikes ing to your beautiful service from home without any other intermedi- the loud speaker in my window. ary. During the Campaign two They are unable to get into the visitors called on a medical man funeral service of a little lad who who positively refused to talk re- lost his life in saving a younger ligion with them. As the visitors playmate from the wheels of a would not talk about anything else passing truck. Will you offer up a prayer for the lad? Everyone and were reluctant to leave, the loved him. He was a prime favordoctor turned on the radio to re- ite. We shall miss him greatly."

lieve embarrassment. There came Instantly over the air to the floating in out of the ether from waiting crowd in the street there one of the Sunday afternoon serv- went up a prayer thanking God for ices the old hymn, "In the Cross of a boy with such a Christ-like spirit Christ I Glory, Towering o'er the Wrecks of Time," sung by the and praying that the same spirit quartet. As they listened a of self-forgetful surrender of life strange expression passed over the for the sake of others might be face of the doctor, and, at the con- given to everyone in the great clusion of the hymn, he reached city. for a decision card saying, "That hymn was sung at the deathbed These radio religious services of my mother. I promised her that are also reconciling racial and re- ligious differences and are bringing I would lead a Christian life." A railroad official on whom I a better understanding. A Protcalled recently, although I had not estant speaker was called by a met him previously said that he high official of the city govern- had heard me over the radio Sun- ment, a Roman Catholic, who day after Sunday. He remarked, thanked him for his gospel address "Radio religious services have and said, "You have done me good.

BROADCASTING THE GOSPEL BY RADIO

I hope to hear you again and ice is a powerful influence in reoften." establishing the family altar which is neglected in so many A Jewish bank president, when homes. Family worship is the he learned that I was connected greatest school of religion in the with the Federation which conducted the broadcasting services, world. There is nothing to comsaid, "Some of your men certainly pare with it in the religious life talk the worst nonsense I ever of the people. No other service in listened to," (to the Jew the Gospel the program of the week does more is foolishness) "but," he added, "I for the spiritual uplift and enerlike your spirit. You are not al- gizing of so large a number of ways knocking the Jew and the people. Catholic. Your services are reverent, devout, worshipful and spir- The radio service preaching and itually uplifting. I am helped by the singing are setting a high them. You are doing a vast amount of good." standard of excellence and are stimUlating to better achievement The daily morning prayer serv- a very large number of ministers and churches.

THE CHURCH AND THE MODERN CITY The church as it exists today in nations, at the same time providthe American city is chiefly the re- ing relatively easy conditions for sult of a natural evolution of or- the expression of religion in the ganized religion, modified, along traditional forms. It has put its with other institutions, by the distinctive mar k sup 0 n the urbanizing process. The result of church's successes as well as upon this process has continuously been its failures. Men have labored in affected by purposeful human rural highways and hedges witheffort, by the labors of saints and out achieving any such outcome. the schemes of ecclesiastics, but to It is the city which has made the no such extent that they can claim great churches in its own image. credit for it. The stress of changing fortunes rather than science or Cooperative effort ought to be skill has played the role of master architect. able to tip the balance still more decidedly toward the church's suc- The city has treated the church cess. No longer at cross-purposes roughly enough. In the course of with one another or with urban detime it has eliminated a large frac- velopment, but resolved to think tion of religious institutions as un- and plan together and to use for fit, and has tossed the survivors their common advantage the reabout like corks upon the waves of sources of the city, the churches change. Yet the city has also been might bend their institutions to in part upon the church's side. It the better doing of what urban life has brought together believing requires. The tendency is right men in multitudes and money in and the way is open for urban millions. It has flung down chal- communities to be served more lenges and provoked advance. It aptly and adequately by their rehas stimulated men to make novel ligious institutions.-From "The religious experiments and combi- City's Church," by H. Paul Doug- lass.

SOME RELIGIOUS FORCES IN A GREAT CITY LISTED BY REV. H. F. LAFLAMME I. Public Worship and the Christian Message. (1) Radio Broadcasting for the City, Mr. Frank C. Goodman, 71 West 23d Street. For a Special Church, Dr. A. E. Keigwin, West End Presbyterian Church. (2) Wayside Pulpit-Lenten Theater Meetings-Easter Dawn Services and Pulpit Supplies, Rev. Wil- ber T. Clemens, 71 West 23d Street.

II. Religious Education. (1) Teacher Training-Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Rev. Walter M. Howlett, 71 West 23d Street. (2) Week Day Schools of Religious Education, Mr. W. Dyer Blair, 71 West 23d Street.

III. City Missions. . (1) Denominational, Rev. Charles H. Sears, D.D., 276 Fifth Avenue (Baptist); Rev. Millard L. Rob- inson, D.D., 150 Fifth Avenue (M. E.); Rev. Theodore F. Savage, 156 Fifth Avenue (Pres.). (2) Comity Committee, Rev. George L. Hobart, 71 West 23d Street.

IV. Social Welfare. (1) Hospitals, jails, poor houses, sailors and public in- stitutions, Rev. L. E. Sunderland, 38 Bleeker St., Rev. Frederick M. Gordon, 285 Schermer- horn St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (2) Constructive Programs of Social Welfare, Rev. Charles K. Gilbert, D.D., 71 West 23d Street.

V. Evangelism. (1) City-wide Visitation Evangelism, Rev. H. F. La- flamme, 71 West 23d Street. (2) Street Preaching, Mr. William G. Pigueron, 12 West 85th Street; Rev. C. A. Moorman, 285 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (3) Hotel and Transients, Dr. Daniel A. Poling, 1 West 29th Street. (4) Street Preaching and Shop Work, Dr. Samuel W. GrafHin, West Side Y. M. C. A. 318 W. 57th St.

VI. Allied Organizations. (1) Young Men's Christian Association. (2) Young Women's Christian Association.

VII. Theaters. Church and Drama League, Rev. George Reid Andrews, 105 East 22d Street.

CITY'S FLOATING

How the Invitation Committee Works at the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chicago BY REV. H. A. DALZELL, Chicago, Illinois .Assistant Pastor, Ji'O'Urlh Presbyterian Ohurch, Ohicago T HE problem that faces the and for nineteen years has been minister in a city church to- employed with great effectiveness. day is that of meeting every In this church the work is done opportunity in his parish to the ut- through an Invitation Committee. most. That includes seeing that Groups of carefully selected young every man, woman and child who men and young women meet once is not now identified with some re- a week, receive cards on which are ligious organization, is not only the names of young people living given the opportunity but is def- in the neighborhood, together with initely urged to accept Jesus all the information the office has Christ, confess faith in Him and regarding the individual. They to unite with some church in order make their calls, return the next the better to worship and serve week, give a verbal report and Him. hand in a written report on. the Various means have been tried card. The members of these In- to solve this problem as it deals vitation Committees are asked to with the students, hotel residents do three things: and transients in the city. Prob- First, to give a specified amount ably the most effective method yet of time each week, (a minimum of discovered is a carefully selected three hours is suggested), this time and well-guided group of personal to be directed by the chairman of workers. the committee through the assign- The Fourth Presbyterian Church ing of cards.

in Chicago has tried to reach Second, to give at least an hour young men and young women liv- a week to the committee meeting ing in rooming houses and apart- for the purpose of talking over the ment hotels through systematic calls, receiving new assignments advertising campaigns, using mail- and for the sake of inspiration.

ing lists, distribution of cards, Third, as they talk with the vari- circulars on street corners, adver- ous people assigned to them they tising in the newspapers, circulat- are to invite them to come to the ing bureaus, window card advertis- church services, to the Bible class- ing and other methods. All have es, to the various week-day meet- had their effect, but the results ings of the men and of the women, have been spasmodic. It was not but primarily they are to talk with until the method of sending a man each prospect about his or her per- or a woman out to talk directly to sonal relationship to Jesus Christ.

another man or woman about rela- The plan works. During the tionship to Christ and to His nineteen years it has been in opera- Church was followed that anything tion, according to the statement of like a practical solution was found the pastor, Dr. John Timothy 2 513

Stone, over half of those who have persuaded that He is able to keep united with the Church on Confes- that which I have committed unto sion of their faith have come as a Him against that day." This be- direct result of the interviews of lief backed up with common sense the members of the Invitation and tact and love will win men to Committees. a confession of Christ where a The question is often asked, cold, finely chiseled argument will "How do you train young men and fail.

women to do this work?" The only For this Invitation Committee training they receive is the actual work to succeed over any period of doing of the task. It is as impos- time, the detail must be carefully sible to become an effective soul attended to. A prospect list must winner by reading a textbook on be selected and from this list as- personal work as it is to become a signments made to the individuals champion swimmer by reading who are doing the calling, and a books on swimming. The only text- careful record kept of each call book used by these committees is and of the results attained. Care the Bible. There is a small vest- must be taken in making assign- pocket handbook known as "The ments to see that certain points of Invitation' Committee" which is common interest are recognized; filled with Bible verses selected for such as, sending a young man to various types of people. These a man of his own age, professional passages are grouped under head- men when possible to call upon ings, "The Man Who Says He Can- professional men, men with cer- not Believe," "The Doubter," "The tain hobbies following through One Who Fears He Cannot Stick with men of similar tastes.

To It," etc. It often happens that four or five It is not necessary that the In- men will have to call upon a pros- vitation Committee be able to an- pect before much progress is made.

swer all questions or arguments. The men's committee at the Fourth The personal worker who delights Church had one man on their list in philosophical and ecclesiastical for seven years before he united argument is seldom an effective with the church. A half dozen dif- soul winner, but the man who can ferent men had been to see him at say when asked to give a definition different times during the seven of what he thinks hell will be like, years. Often men are dropped "I do not know and what's more I from the prospect file who are am not worrying about it; I am called on only two or three times.

trying to find and do God's will for A man is never dropped with one my own life; I know that's Heav- call until another Invitation Com- en," will always command the re- mitteeman has had an opportunity spect of the man upon whom he is to interview him. After two men calling and will give him some- have recommended that he be thing to think about. It is not dropped and the information re- necessary to be able to answer all turned on the card seems to war- questions, but to be able when you rant it, his name is taken from the sit down and talk with a man about file. Other things being equal it is his spiritual life to say, "This best to allow one man to follow much I do know, I know Him through with his prospect until he Whom I have believed, and I am is ready to bring him before the

19291 THE CITY'S FLOATING POPULATION

Session or has proven conclusively never open for inspection. The inthat there is no use in his following formation given on that card is through any longer. entirely confidential. The white card contains the information There are two report cards used which is taken from the pink card by the Invitation Committee of the and then given to the Invitation Fourth Church. The pink card is Committeeman for his assignment. never taken from the office and is No.1 DUPLICATE CARD FOR CALLING (To be turned in promptly with full rep OTt to Thut'sda,y Invitation Committee) Name…………………………………………… Phone …………. . Apt……………. . III Address. . . . Occupation ……… . Place of Business Age …………… . I""'I"I of Club'? … U ? Former IIomt~……….. III.0 ~ Is he a :Memher of Church?, " .,0 ~ 'Yhert:'? .

,". '"" "l 1<1" PERSONAL NOTES:.

>0 ~ "~ ~ ~ e; u 00 Z 1'1 ~ Committeemen "'" Dute of Report……………….. ……. ….. Dute of Call ……………… .

CHURCH MEMEERSHIP Questions to Eo Answered (Ilook up the Scripture) What Wlll the Session Ask! 1. Do you realtze your need of a Raviour? Rom. 3: 23. We are often asked by those who 2. 'Vho is the only Saviour of sin- are thinking of uniting with the ners? Acta 4:1'2",' 1 Tim. 1:15. church as to the questions they will 3. What must we do to be saved? be expected to answer when they Acts 16:31; Jahn 5:2.1. corne before the Session. 4. Do you now desire to accept Christ and turn from sin unto This is a natural and right in- Him? John 1: 12. quiry. and in order to help you an- 5. What does Christ expect those swer it the questions on the other who believe in Him to do 1 side of this card have been outlined. Matt. 10: 32; Luke U: 19. 6. Do you desire to acknowledge Will you not read them carefnlly. publicly your faith in Christ and then thoughtfully and prayer· and to be enrolled as a mem- fully answer them: ber of His Church '/ 7. Do you promise to JIve It Chris- ITa ving signed the card. hand or tian life us far as you know mail it to the pastor or request the how and to be a faithful mem- person gi ving it to you to do so. ber of the Church? Feeling that I am able to answer FOURTH the above questions in a satisfactory manner. and desiring' to do the will PRESBY'l'ERIAN CHURCH of Christ, I hereby ask to be received into full membership of the Fourth CHICAGO Preshyterian Church.

(Over) NAME ADDRESS Date ……. "(O":~~)''''''''''''''

After having made a confession in the first chapter, one in the of faith, many men hesitate about uniting with the church largely be- 6th and one in the 12th, and in all three instances we find Andrew cause they fear that the minister personally bringing men to Jesus. or members of the Session will ask He is the first member of the first embarrassing questions. To avoid Invitation Committee. He finds this the Invitation Committeeman his man, introduces him persontakes the man to the pastor and ally to the Master. That is the talks with him and after his con- work of the Invitation Committee versation arranges for a time today, and when a man knows Jewhen the new member may be sus Christ he will be ready to take brought before the Session. The his part in the Church and in the application card is given to the can- Church's work. There can be no didate for church membership to more effective way of reaching read carefully, sign and bring with young men in our hotels and boardhim when he presents himself for ing houses than this plan of a admission to the church. carefully selected, earnest, Chris- tian man "covering" another, and There are three references to bringing him to the Master. Andrew it). the fourth gospel, one OALVARY AND PENTECOST* C ALVARY and Pentecost are inseparable in the plan of God; these twin powers are indispensable for the achievement of the object of grace. Without Christ as Saviour, the Christian life has not begun. Without the Holy Spirit infilling the believer the Christian life must fail; and "a powerless Christian is a mis- nomer." The presence of the Holy Spirit in the life of the re- deemed man, as the practical Worker-out of the principles of God, is conditioned by a yieldedness of will. The power, which He alone can impart for character and service, is confirmed in its constancy and effectiveness through obedience to every divine dictate.

Through that presence and power alone can the spirit of holiness become manifest, and success in work be assured. "The weakest living creature," wrote Carlyle, "by concentrating his power on a single object, can accomplish something."

Centre the power of mind, the gifts of intellect, the desires of the heart, and the opportunities of each hour on Christ, His work and purposes, and there will be no failure. Life glows with splendid possibilities, when the Holy Spir..it is in full command of it.

Jesus Christ is winsome and wonderful! He is everything.

He has everything. He offers us everything.

. GORDON B. WATT • • From The Ohristian, London.

A RELIGIOUS SURVEY HELP?

BY REV. ARTHUR H. ARMSTRONG, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Executive Secretary of the .Metropolitan Ohurch Federation T HE late Joseph Pulitzer, one morals. The eleven criteria used of the greatest newspaper were Foreign Born Population, men America has produced, Negro Population, Illiteracy, Juve- had two slogans. First "Get the nile Delinquency, Industrializa- facts," and second "Tell them in tion, Gain or Loss of Population, the fewest words." There is no Congestion, Home Ownership, In- type of community in which the fant Mortality, Poverty, Tubercu- churches so much need to know losis Mortality.

and tell the facts as in a major By means of sketch maps and a city, with its bulk, complexity and color scheme the comparative specialization. Therefore the sur- standing of these survey districts vey. Business and public service was graphically presented, l-eveal- institutions . conduct continuous ing the status at a glance. These surveys. They are able to prophesy maps showed the fortunes of human needs by unit areas years neighborhoods whose inhabitants in advance. Why not the church had been affected favorably or un- also? St. Louis has had two reli- favorably by circumstance and en- gious surveys within the last vironment. They put the neigh- twelve years.* The churches of borhood problem squarely before this city have, therefore, had an church leaders. This method was experience with social and reli- so effective that it has since been gious surveys. adopted, with some alteration, in Inter-church cooperation with the districting by the Community its growing city-wide conscious- Council and Community Fund as ness led to the demand for our sur- permitting continuous visualizaveys and provided the medium tion of the inner life of the people, through which they were made. area by area. Through them the St. Louis churches have had painted for Among the outstanding probthem a picture of the city with its lems shown in this picture are religious and social needs. Geo- these. The so-called downtown graphical areas having natural section of st_ Louis, east of Grand boundaries enclosing populations Avenue, representing one-third of of some homogeneity were de- the area of the city contains half limited. These were statistically the population. The survey disexplored to disclose the conditions tricts in this section all rank low that affect health, welfare, and by the criteria tests, although the low ranking is due, in part, to the Ge:~~e ,rstfa~u:J~~' J~.J.?l Ihe:a~ir~ct~~ ~~ fact that some of the more priv- ;~~o~:sb~~~n SI;,h°t"Mf a~dCi~~,!f~t~~m!r; 1;ri'4~ iIeged classes in the outlying re- wns shnred by the Metropolitan Church Fed- gions resort hither for the prac- tices that register to produce the :~aJi~~e It~:tlt~~:e~~hs~~~aI ~~gdl~el~~~~~leR!: ~l:fi: :~d Nt1~ rg~:· DU~~~h:gr~~ide~aiheco:n~ low ranking. Here circumstances i~t~'h':, 1~sP~rg~ni~:t~~n~OUglass. field worker conspire to raise the hazards and handicaps of living. The child 517

who grows up physically strong themselves have placed workers in here must have a more vigorous the Juvenile and Adult Courts.

constitution than would be re- Under various denominational and quired elsewhere. The family that interdenominational auspices they resists the forces that undermine have strengthened existing organ- the foundations of the home must ized work in the hospitals, homes, be of a more rugged moral type. and welfare institutions of the A large proportion of the residents city, and have established new here live below the line of priv- work, so that a very large institu- ilege. But the fight is not a losing tional program is being carried out one. The populations are not "de- with increasing effectiveness.

caying." This area is a human The Entente Cordiale between quarry from which the building churches and social service insti- stones of society are hewn. And tutions has been strengthened.

it is the privilege and opportunity The church forces have been edu- of the church to treat it as such. cated as to the higher technique The needs and problems of the required. The social service agen- negro population have disclosed cies have on their part recognized themselves. During and since the the effectiveness of the religious war the negroes have grown from appeal and religious motivation in 70,000 to 100,000, corresponding social work. The humanitarian now to the national average of 10ro endeavors of the whole city have of the population. Life bears more been carried to a higher pitch.

hardly upon them and its obstacles Another picture drawn in clear are heaped higher before their lines was that of the church life feet. They have a worthy leader- and work. The Church Federation ship and are striving to acquit began the regular pUblication of a themselves well. A commission on manual of the churches of Greater Race Relationships representing St. Louis, including the city and the two races has been set up, af- three adjoining counties on both fording continued normal contacts sides of the Mississippi in the between leaders. In one case a States of Missouri and Illinois.

threatening neighborhood disturb- This manual lists 756 Protestant ance which was fast reaching the Evangelical churches with a com- acute stage was amicably settled. municant membership of 185,000; Many serious situations have, we property valuation, on a pre-war are sure, been avoided. But best basis of $20,000,000; home ex- of all a better understanding has pense budgets of $3,500,000; and been established and the way pre- benevolence budgets of $1,500,000.

pared for still more effective fu- It also lists 150 hospitals, homes, ture cooperation. schools, colleges, seminaries, and The City's Social Needs other institutions supported by the churches.

The disclosing of social needs to Facts of importance, both favor- so wide an extent and of so serious able and unfavorable, were dis- a nature has done its part toward closed. The churches are gaining preparing the way for the setting faster than the population but with up of the Community Fund in retarded acceleration as against which more than fifty social agen- earlier decades. The Sunday- cies cooperate. The churches school enrollment is now but two-

DOES A RELIGIOUS SURVEY HELP?

thirds of the church membership once located in the inner city have moved in a broad converging path in spite of the addition of the adult to the westward.

departments. The striking loss of The Councils of Comity have membership by Sunday-schools in been strengthened by the disclothe later teen age years was freshly sure of the lack of mutual planning stressed. During a period of in the past in church locations. twenty-one years the annual loss The denominations associated in in church membership has been the Federation's Comity Commisfour-fifths of the total annual in- sion are now plotting the natural crease, leaving a net gain of but areas in the county and seeking one in five as compared with the conference with the Public Service gross gain-a very high spiritual companies so as to take advantage mortality. Two-fifths of these los- of their advance information, lookses have been by death and re- ing toward strategic and coordimoval, but two-fifths of them must nated future church locations. be classed as "avoidable," pointing Among the interesting statisto the need of better shepherding tical ratios disclosed was that beof the "straying sheep." tween members, attendants, and preferents. One hundred Protes- The "parish" of the local Prot- tant families average thus: estant church is personal and not geographical. It consists of the Church Members •••••• 57 persons included in its own mem- Attendants ………… 23 bership and in that of its Sunday- Preferents .•.•…•…. 20 school and other departments. Catholic parishes are, on the other This is known locally as the 57-23han d, geographical, although 20 ratio. Catholics do have some intermingling of church parishes of foreign The results of our surveys may language groups. be summarized thus: City populations are more or The churches see themselves less on the move caused by indus- more clearly as a whole, and in trialization, change of economic their unitary relationship they see status, the fluctuation of the family more clearly that the whole city is income, etc. The general trend is the parish of the whole group. The outward from the original center. gain has been practical rather than As each successive group rises in ideal. Growth has been made, not the economic scale it "hits. the so much in response to the concep- tion of an ideal held, as to the feeltrail" of suburban migration, only ing of fellowship achieved by perto be succeeded by a deposit of in- sons working together. coming rural or foreign migrants. Some of the inner areas of St. The churches are more aware of Louis have been occupied succes- their strength, and they realize sively by French, American, Ger- that their potential power is far mans, Irish, Slavs, Italians and beyond the numerical. They have Negroes. The Catholic Church ways, in part through the Church occupying a geographical parish Federation, of selecting and acremains and takes "pot luck" with crediting common leadership. The its neighbors. The Protestant feeling of "togetherness" has been Church follows its people on their strengthened. Loyalty to the com- mon cause increasingly asserts itsuburban trek. Fifty churches self.

A UNIQUE WORK AMONG

The Friendly League for Christian Service, Inc., New York BY A MEMBER OF THE COUNCIL "That they 'might know thee, the only the cheery faces and even the mestrue God and Jesus Christ who'm thou sage, had little effect on her, but has sent."-JOHN 17: 3. the face of the woman to whom she unburdened her heart, when 1 T NOON, one day, a woman the meeting was over, gave her ref i weary and broken hearted newed courage. Her new friend, told her to return home and rest, trudged along East Twenty- and that she herself would make ninth Street, New York City. At an effort to find work for her. home she had an invalid husband and five small children-the young- The afternoon hours yielded no est, a tiny baby. It had been her custom to rise at four in the morn- result, but that evening the friend ing, so that she might complete the wrote a letter of encouragement household duties and care for her children before she took the baby assuring her of continued efforts. to a day nursery and went to the office wher~ she earned the living The following day brought a posifor the family. tion and today, in a distant city, Now, because of circumstances over which she had no control, she this woman owns her own home, was without a position. For many hours she had visited business has a good position, and is able to houses in search of another, but without success. Realizing that provide comfortably for her famstarvation would be the inevitable ily. " fate of the loved ones at home, discouragement and despair possessed This is only one of many in- stances where the Friendly League for Christian Service, Inc., has helped business women to start life anew. The League is an outcome of the her. Afraid to face the future, she William A. Sunday evangelistic was on her way toward the river. campaign in 1917. during which a Suddenly her attention was at- company of one thousand and fif- tracted by women entering and ty women worked as the Business leaving the church where she ob- Women's Invitation Committee.

served a sign: "Business Women's Five" hundred of them had charge Friendly Meeting-Luncheon $.25 of the three business women's -Good Music-A Helpful Message luncheons and the other five hun- -Good Fellowship-Come! Tell dred and fifty were detailed to vis- the Other Girl." She entered and it every type of business where at the door a woman, from whose women were employed. In each face radiated cheer and joy, greeted building or office, these women her with a friendly handshake and tried to find a business or profes- a word of welcome. sional woman w.ho could act as a After the luncheon, she entered key gid, making it her definite pur- the auditorium where she heard a pose to give the girls of her build- helpful message of Jesus Christ, ing the tickets to the tabernacle the Burden-Bearer. The singing, meetings and the luncheons where 520 they would hear evangelistic mes- from eleven-thirty until two sages. o'clock. They are held on Tuesdays at the Marble Collegiate Church, The women thus became per- Twenty-ninth Street and Fifth sonally acquainted with many Avenue; on Wednesdays at the thousands of business girls, famil- S p r i n g S t r e e t Presbyterian iarized themselves with their prob- Church, Spring and V a ric k lems and needs, and gained an Streets; and on Fridays at the Old entrance into their hearts. Those John Street Methodist Episcopal committee women thought that an Church, 44 John Street. Luncheons unusual opportunity had been are quickly served and consist of a opened for work among business hot dish, a meat sandwich, a letgirls and at the close of the cam- tuce sandwich, coffee, milk or tea, paign organized the Friendly TilE BUSINESS WOMEN'S LUNCHEON A 'l' JOHN STREET CHURCH, FINANCIAL DISTRICT League for Christian Service. and pie or cake. In the past year During the twelve years that have 275 women have voluntarily confollowed, the members, believing tributed their services to this that faith in Jesus Christ is the phase of the work. only way that business women can solve their problems, have steadily During the remainder of the rest proclaimed this message through hour, the girls attend a religious their contacts with business wom- service, with the privilege of comen at the I u n c h eon meetings, ing and going as necessity requires. through the Business Women's Four successive meetings are held Council, and at the Friendly including an inspiring song serv- Center. ice, a fifteen minute talk, a prayer, the memorizing of a verse of Scrip- Over two thousand women each ture, and a solo. week attend the three noon meetings held in the business districts The speakers are carefully chos- en by the Religious Work Commit-

tee and include eminent ministers, present the officers and standing evangelists, missionaries, and re- committees correspond with those ligious workers from all parts of of the Friendly League so that they America and other lands. Briefly may work together with mutual and convincingly they present the helpfulness. glorious Gospel of our blessed God. As a result hundreds of lives have This council meets every Thursbeen surrendered to Christ whom day evening at the Greenwich to know is Life Eternal, and many Presbyterian Church, West 13th who have lost heart in the struggle Street, where from two hundred to of life have rededicated themselves two hundred and fifty women gathto the service of the King. er at five-thirty for supper where many new friendships are formed. A leaflet is given to each girl as At six-thirty three small prayer she leaves the meeting; Testaments groups meet, while a larger group A NOONDAY MEETING FOR BUSINESS WOMEN IN JOHN RTREET CHURCH to those who will accept them. De- joins in singing and at six-forty- voted Christian workers are al- five all join in a fifteen minute de- ways present, and by cheerful votional service, led by a council greetings, words of comfort, and member. Special requests for Christian counsel lift many lives prayer are presented, touching all from despair to hope. phases of the lives of the girls and The key or council girls in each their friends. From seven to eight building or office who assisted the the girls assemble in four classes committee women during the Wil- for constructive Bible study under liam A. Sunday campaign formed the leadership of able teachers a permanent organization on Oc- from the Biblical Seminary, and tober 25, 1917. There were 106' the Philadelphia School of the Bi- charter members, and later they ble, members of the Board of Di- became known as the Business rectors of the Friendly League, Women's Council of the Friendly missionaries, and others.

:beague £W..Chr-i5tia&·Service. At Once each month a business

A UNIQUE WORK AMONG WOMEN

meeting is held, followed by a so- nue as a "Friendly Center" but ciaJ meeting or a missionary edu- when the lease expired it seemed cational feature. The missionary to be a clear call for a larger and training has been so intensive that better place, which has now been the girls contribute more than found in the building hitherto used $2,000 a year to various causes. by the Smith College Club at 233 Every Sunday afternoon, three East 17th Street-a building ad- groups of council girls, together mirably adapted for the work. It with the director of music and the will accommodate 80 girls and personal workers, sing and distrib- seats 190 in the dining room; it ute portions of Scripture in the will offer more spacious quarters wards of New York, Fordham, and for classes, chorus, and other group Samaritan hospitals. Appreciation meetings, and has an auditorium of this work is warmly expressed seating about 300. The League is by patients, physicians and nurses now earnestly praying and work- and the good accomplished reaches ing to secure funds for the pur- into eternity. chase of this building.

The increasing interest in this The Friendly League members type of work is shown by the fact have supported the work by sub- that the membership has grown scriptions, dues, and personal serv- from 106 to 600. Testimonies show ice, and to make possible the that through the Bible classes and continuation of the work on a the hospital meetings, the young broader scale they are making women are receiving a training large additional contributions. Ad- that makes them valuable for work ditional gifts are, however, needed among young people of their own from others in sympathy with this churches. They not only study important work.

about God and His Son, Jesus Last year the League came into Christ, but also learn how to relate contact with 129,540 business girls, Him to the everyday things of life. an unusual opportunity to render The "Friendly Center"· affords an extraordinary service. Board- m ideal means of contact with busi- ing places and positions were found ness women of all ages. Through for many; the sick and unfortun- it, the Friendly League provides a ate were cared for in hospitals and comfortable home for a limited sanitariums; the services of sur- number of business women, and geons and physicians were secured also a place where from 400 to 500 at reduced prices or without each month may spend their eve- charge; individuals and groups nings with Christian women amid were entertained in private homes; comfortable homelike surround- special cases and problems were ings. Monday, Tuesday and Wed- skillfully handled; a large number nesday evenings large groups of of girls were won to Christ and business women gather for a sim- all are being built up in Christian ple dinner, preceding the classes experience; many are also learn- which offer free instructions in ing the joy of consecrated service.

dressmaking, millinery, lamp The League is carrying on a work shades, crystal flowers, and liquid worthy of its motto: embroidery. To win to Christ, For five years the League has To build up in Christ, rented a house on Lexington Ave- To send out for Christ.

A LAYMEN'S WORK OF CITY

A Story of the Fishermen's Club of Cicero, Illinois BY REV. WILLIAM McCARRELL, P(UJtQr oj the Fir8t Oongregatiorw! Ohurch, aioero, IIlinoiB A NUMBER of individuals, in- Columbia, Yellowstone National Park, cluding firms dealing in fish- and three foreign countries; conducted in churches and young people's societies ing tackle, have been of 41 denominations, the open air, hos- surprised, and at times deeply im- pitals, jails, prisons, missions, tents, pressed, to learn that this club is tabernacles, shops, etc.

not fishing for trout, muskies, fish Five preceding annual reports large or small, but fishing for souls. add weight to the above figures This surprise has deepened with found in the sixth annual report.

the knowledge of the voluntary Here is evidence of a work based spirit, earnestness, happiness and upon something deeper than passsuccess attending the fishing. The ing emotion, enthusiasm or humaninterest gathers momentum upon ly energized drives. Here is learning that it is done by Chris- evidence of a 365 days a year Christian laymen, a great majority tian interest and activity, signifiyoung men, carried on daily and cant in these days so marked by free from any expectation of finan- departUre from Biblical methods cial remuneration. The club bases of work. Many present day quesits work largely upon Matthew 4: tions are asked, such as, Can young men be interested in original foun- 18-20. Church leaders and all interested dation Bible truths? How best in meeting present-day problems combat unbelief in Christ, crime of unbelief, sin and crime, also in and sin so prevalent today, especievangelizing men with the Gospel ally in large cities? Are direct of the Lord Jesus Christ should Biblical methods for Christian give serious thought to an organi- service antiquated? Is there power zation of Christian laymen that in the Bible and its Gospel message to deliver from sin and impart submits the following as a partial strength to live righteously? report of one year's activities: These questions are at least sug- Gospel meetings conducted … 3,532 gestively, many would say finally, Gospel meetings assisted in .. 1,510 Prayer meetings conducted … 326 answered by such a work. Con- Personal calls made ………. 2,972 sideration of the scope of the club's Gospel tracts distributed.. . .. 727,152 work, the spirit in which its mem- Scripture portions distributed. 30,937 bers serve and the phases of life Number dealt with spiritually 28,733 Professions of Christ …….. 4,282 represented in its membership of- Sunday-school classes taught.. 595 326 fers additional light on these ques- Sunday-schools conducted •… Dedications of life ………. 142 tions.

Letters written …………. 926 The club has averaged about Song services conducted …… 72 Men aided ……………… 98 seventy-five in active membership Bible study courses ………. 2 with a number of associates. Gospel articles contributed … 25 Among this membership is found Gospel meetings were held in 104 Ralph Teter, once so prominently cities, located in 20 States, District of linked with Chicago's gang life.

524 He was led to accept Christ while ness of infidelity through the teachin prison by Evangelist Edward ing of professors who deny the Murphy, who was also converted Bible as the Word of God, is promwhile in a state prison and who inent in the club's work. A perum:,dntains contact with the club. sal of the entire membership Teter was waiting trial in connec- introduces other men such as Otto tion with the $500,000 daylight Drachenberg, a bricklayer; Charles mail robbery at the Dearborn Sta- Forst, an electrician; Jim Boertion, Chicago, for which crime a man, Stuve Wallin and Murselman leading Chicago politician served of the laboring class. There are in Leavenworth penitentiary. business men such as Merville What a message is conveyed by Morton, Leonard Edwards and mere recital of that which happened to the other members (about REV . Y]{. McCARRELL 19) of that particular crime ring. Since conversion Teter has lived a Swim, the traveling salesman. strong Christian life. Rev. Warren There are also college men and Winter, converted in Cicero when professional men such as Drs. O. an atheist contemplating suicide, J. Halbe and Richard Carroll, serves as a missionary to China's Prof. Malsberry, the musician and Leper Boat people. George Quilty, there are those converted from converted from Romanism, is one nominal religion, such as Edward of Chicago's effective open-air and Heiniger, the preacher's son and mission workers. Christ Pappas, T. M. Kingsley, the ex-modernist son of a Greek priest, converted in preacher. A number are in Chrisan open-air meeting at old infidel tian service as Harvey King in Afcorner in Chicago, can hardly fill rica, and always some in Christian demands for his testimony. training. All these lives are linked Charles Skoda, who accepted Christ in a united joyous endeavor to rein an open-air meeting, now waits alize the club's slogan "Out for a sailing date for missionary serv- Souls." In the main they follow ice in Africa. Eight of this Roman the Apostle Paul's example of sup- Catholic family of nine are living porting self with work of their consistent Christian lives. Fred hands while setting forth the un- Jacober, Roy Leeson, now in train- searchable riches of Christ. ing for Christian work, and Fred Ingersoll, an auto mechanic, each found Christ while in a career of crime. George Schmidt was a policeman when brought to Christ. Harold Somerville, a Purdue University man, now is a Presbyterian pastor in Erie, Pa. Bert Baker, linked with an AI Capone poolroom, came forward for Christ in Cicero with a gun in one pocket and a bottle of moonshine in another. Today he serves as pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Rossville, Ill. George Ellis, once in the dark-

Fields and Methods meetings among employees of the great Western Electric Telephone Fascinating, indeed, would be a plant in Cicero. Fishermen emdetailed account of the multiplied ployed in the plant aid the meetexperiences garnered by these men, ings. Thus far about 20,000 men have walked forward in their workhasostphietyalsla, bcohruirnchpeusb, lficacitnosrtiietsu,timoinss~ ing clothes to receive Gospels of John and other Biblical literature sions, jails, prisons, on railroads, which they agreed to read. No sta: through tract distribution and es- tistical records state the number pecially in open-air preaching. who publicly raised their hands re- Open-air meetings are held winter questing prayer and the many who and summer and often at the sac- have professed to receive Christ as rifice of lunch hours. Conducting Saviour. Eternity will reveal the regular evangelistic campaigns, fruitage. These meetings take great platform testimony meetings place in the shadow of places natand maintaining regular services ionally advertised as haunts of sin among Jews and Gentiles, in and crime and within a block of churches, missions, jails and on the former Al Capone gunmen open-air corners are distinct fea- headquarters. tures of the work. Great audiences are inspired and moved by testi- A number of similar organizamonies of the reality of Christ in tions now operate in the United and through the lives of these men. States and beyond which received Imagine the message conveyed vision, inspiration and organizathrough a large group closing a tion help from the Cicero Club. Bible conference or evangelistic Thus the organization has a worldcampaign with a platform personal wide ministry through other ortestimony meeting. Visualize this ganizations, former members in band of men, converted in walks of Christian service, missionary suplife varying from ex-gunmen to port, literature and the widespread the university and nominally re- ministry of its members and leader. ligious, supplying continual calls to aid in these many aspects of Plan of Operation Christian work, also going forth to invade haunts of sin with effective Meetings are held at an inten- Christian service. tionally testing time, Saturday aft- ernoon. At 4 P. M. the meeting For l;t number of years the or- opens with a song and prayer servganization has manned cemetery ice, often conducted by Wesley entrances about Chicago on Mem- Nehf, cousin to a Chicago National orial Day, presenting those visit- League baseball pitcher. Next, reing graves with an appropriate ports are heard of work done dur- Gospel tract. About 85,000 tracts ing the past week. Assigned were distributed last Memorial groups report on their work in Day. various places. This report period affords opportunity for interchange Men stationed at the exits of the of ideas, hearing of thrilling ex- Dempsey-Tunney prize fight dis- periences and instruction in methtributed heart – searching Gospel ods of service. Then new work is tracts to about 50,000 people. assigned for the coming week. Prayer requests from various parts For some five years the club has specialized in noonday open-air

A LAYMEN'S WORK OF CITY EVANGELISM

of the country are remembered in tion. The platform testifies against intercession. Special missionary fanaticism by expressing belief in or Bible speakers are often heard. witnessing to the saving power A regular feature is definite Bible of Christ Jesus with spirit-filled instruction by the leader. This is lives free from erroneous teach- followed by a fellowship supper ings. They witness the trans- without cost (the club being sup- forming effect of the Bible and ported by free will offerings). Aft- Christ in the lives of young and old er a testimony meeting, the from all realms of life and salva- members go forth to definite Chris- tion from all forms of -sin. After tian work or remain for special years of practical and fruitful ex- prayer circles which convene in the perience they are more convinced Church. The challenge has gone than ever as to the power of prayer forth to find a happier gathering in Jesus name, and the Bible and of men in the world. Gospel of Christ in human life, Men are accepted into member- also of the need to present Christ ship after investigation and upon and His ability and sufficiency as assurance that their lives meet the only Saviour of souls. It is a the following standard: settled fact that the only power that can effectively counteract un- 1. Soundness in the faith (as set forth belief, sin and crime is the divine in Club's platform). life imparted through definite ac- ceptance of Christ as Saviour and 2. Absence of any "hobby." Lord.* 3. Good common sense. 4. A personal testimony. ·The club was organized In 1923. Its bead- 5. A consistent Christian life. quarters arc the First Independent Congre- 6. A passion for souls. gational Church of Cicero, Illinois. 'l'his 7. First Corinthians 13. church has received world-wide publicity 8. Separation from worldliness. through a leaflet issued by the Moody Bible Institute entitled "The Church that Did Not The doctrinal platform of the Close." The leaflet is now undergoing a sixth club is Biblical. These men believe re'f'ision. The Club's program is fostered by the in the deity and virgin birth of church. This program has forced the church Christ, trinity of the Godhead, and to the present erection of an edifice with 1,200 in the Scriptures of the Old and Jndlvidual seats and a gl'cat Sur:ul8.y-schoo} New Testament as final authority equipment. 'l'he third enlargment since 1913. because fully inspired of God and inerrant in the original writings. The church and club center in the immediate They do not doubt the territory given country-wide publJcity as the headquarters of the Capone crime and gunmen rjngs. Tbe pastor of tbe church and organizer and leader of the Club is Pastor ,,'jniam Mc- Carrell.

need and reality of regeneration through God's Spirit, salvation only through the merits and shed blood of Jesus Christ and the reality of a resurrected, living and premillennial com- ing Saviour. They be- lieve the Gospel should be preached to every creature and the full Bible taught to every Christian for edifica- THE FISHERMEN'S CLUB OF CICERO

IN THE BOWERY

BY REV. WILLIAM N. HUBBELL, Pastor 01 the First Baptist Mariners' Ohurch, Net/) York City I T HAS been said that if Christ Henry Streets, just across from came to New York his first Chatham Square, was formerly a visit would be to the Bowery, seamen's church. After the re- for there moral destitution seems, moval of the shipping center from outwardly at least, most apparent the East River to the North River, and tragic. it began to minister to a more cos- I am not so sure that Christ mopolitan congregation. With the would take this course. In God's growth of the number of men's sight, I question if Bowery sinners hotels (popularly called lodging are more sinful than Wall Street houses) on the Bowery and adja- sinners or Broadway sinners. I cent streets, the church developed am inclined to think that Christ a ministry to the men of this re- might first visit the Hall of Fame gion.

so that, by an understanding of It would be easy to write a de- the lives of representative men and scription of unspeakable dives, women honored there, He might gambling hells, brothels and opium see what ideals America is cherish- joints filled with murderers, cut- ing. From thence, I can picture throats, desperate plug-uglies and Him wending His way down the drunkards, which the public even old Boston Post Road with con- today assume to be the natural set- stant appreciation of the currents ting of the Bowery. There was a of life about Him, until passing period, from 1830 to 1900, when Cooper Union, the northern termi- the Bowery was the arena of pic- nus of the Bowery, He would enter turesque wickedness. In one win- that thoroughfare. Then I can al- ter in the 90's, a former bartender most hear Him say in His onward assured me, three men died of al- progress, "There are some men coholism or something else, in the living in this district whom also I back room of his saloon. "We would have inspired and raised to planted the bodies in the hallways positions of trust, but they would of tenement houses. The Cor- not. Yet they with their fellows oner's verdict in each case was, are men with divine possibilities. 'Death due to unknown causes.' "

It is your responsibility, 0 My But that period has passed. The Church, to lift Me up that I may Bowery, Chatham Square, Park draw all these unattached and for- Row, are now business thorough- gotten men to Myself." fares. This betterment has been A number of religious centers brought about by the vast changes have caught this vision. Among in the business life of New York them are the Bowery Y. M. C. A., since the war, by the immigration "316 Water Street," Hadley Hall, law, by the abounding prosperity James' Slip, The Bowery MissIon of the times and by the construc- and The All Night Missions. The tive supervision of our City Sani- First Baptist Mariners' Church, tary, Building and Police Depart- located at the corner of Oliver and ments. Today there is a new 528 Bowery district. It is as safe, istic of Christ. We cannot connight and day, as Broadway or ceive Jesus Christ making His way 125th Street, as I can testify for I along the Bowery in an attitude of have been working in this district scorn. for twenty years. Its death rate is low. About eighty men's hotels Furthermore this appraisal is (40c to 75c per night for beds) false, because no one can truthfully gives satisfactory service for the bring an indictment against a money, to the fifteen thousand and whole class. That would be an inmore men who live there. Many sult to its worthy members. of the hotels have tiled wash rooms and baths. Stately buildings re- In order to appraise as fairly as cently erected give an air of pros- possible the types of men living in perity to the streets. The tradi- the Bowery district, I have made tional Bowery is dead-as dead as for myself a three-fold classifica- Mulberry Bend. Some day this tion. Any other classification section will shoulder up to the civic center on the west and then the MARINERS' BAPTIST CHURCH. rest of New York will have to, sit NEW YORK up and take notice; for high class apartments may yet be built and which will enable us more fully to the suburbanite return to the appreciate the various social and birthplace of the "Side Walks of economic grades which unquestion- New York." ably exist, would be acceptable. But some such schedule is impera- It is a popular notion that who- tive; otherwise the basis for ever lives on the Bowery is "down constructive remedies is lacking, and out." He belongs to the riff- particularly in administering maraff. He's a tramp, a derelict. A terial relief. woman riding on the Third Avenue "L," which traverses this street THE INDEPENDENT CLASs.-Reexpresses her feelings (and those of most casual observers) in this cently, a man whom I would, unfashion: hesitatingly, put into this class said to me, "I have been living on The noisy "V' rushes by its dingy win- my savings all winter. Previously dows, I lived with my relatives near Bos- ton. I had a position with one of "The Lodging House for Men" And careless eyes may look upon its in- mates (They seldom look again). Only a bunch of "has-beens" Frayed and seedy, Wanting a bath and shave. Wastrels, who whistle down the wind of fortune, The gifts that nature gave.

This is flagrant injustice. It seems to be born of caste feeling which determines the outlook of so many people even in democratic America. It is pagan, for it is devoid of that gracious insight into another's personality so character- 3

them until he failed in business. I It includes also the lowest degenerreturned to New York for I could ates, the unwashed, the rounders, live cheaper on the Bowery than the incurable lazies, the habitual anywhere else. But no one wants smoke hounds, the tramps, the an old man around. I can't get bums and the derelicts. (I am uswork and I don't know what to ing popular designations. Persondo." He is educated. He does not ally I dislike these names and drink. He covets the independent never use them.) It is these homelife which lower Manhattan af- less men that keep alive the sinfords. He can come and go and ister reputation of the Bowery. dress as he pleases and no ques- They live chiefly by begging. Their tions asked. He is a typical case. bed in summer is a park bench or Some of the Independents have wagon. In winter they sleep in the pensions. Some have bank ac- missions or in the Municipal Lodgcounts. Many have received a high ing House or stand over gratings school education. Many are con- from which issue a little warmth. scientious Christians. Thousands They are miserable even to them- selves. Their end is Potters' Field. NOTHING '1'0 DO During March, 1929, some 27,000 lodgings were provided for homeare by no means free from vices. less men by eight of the prinicpal There are criminals among them. social agencies of lower Manhat- They are of all ages and nationali- tan. ties. The vast majority, however, support themselves in a modest These three classifications are way. They are not homeless or elastic. Life cannot be put into a pan-handlers. straight-packet. There is a con- stant passing from one class to an- THE UNSTABLE CLASS.-Men of other. Temporarily the Independthis class lack the spirit and out- ent may become homeless, or a look of the preceding class. They homeless man may lift himself into are well intentioned but weak. the ranks of the unstable. But Drink is their curse-perhaps the general classification is, I drugs. Part of the year they main- think, accurate and must be kept tain themselves. The rest of the in mind. Otherwise moral values time they merge themselves into become confused and judgments the third or homeless class. They warped. have only a diluted measure of selfrespect. WHAT SHALL THE CHURCH Do?

THE HOMELESS CLASS.-This There still remains the question: class is composed of those whose How shall the church most effimental growth has been retarded. ciently fulfil her ministry to these fifteen thousand and more men who live in the Bowery district? Its approach, it seems to me, in- volves the recognition of several factors.

1. There should be a keen reali- zation of the fact that large num- bers of unattached men living apart by themselves, are living

ADVENTURES IN THE BOWERY DISTRICT

abnormally. They are without fancy; but enough has been rehome discipline, home comforts vealed by modern psychology to and the home atmosphere. The give the promise that no man, unpoorest home has in it qualities of less he wills it, need remain in completeness lacking in hotel life, ignorance of spiritual resources in particularly in hotels for men only. his sub-conscious self. Why is In the Bowery district, a lodger there a black sheep? Why does a constantly rubs up against all man say, "I cannot overcome my appetite for drink or for heroin?" kinds of characters. Helpful so- It is partly because he is ignorant cial restraints are thrown aside. of his own mental constitution. Good manners are forgotten. It is Recently, a bright looking boy said literally, each man for himself and to me, "I have been in prison twice the devil take the hindmost. Gradually, unless he is on his guard, a WHERE MEN SEEK MONEY man loses interest in the world outside and in the finer things of for stealing. I can't even resist life. Ambition is slowly snuffed taking money from a friend." out. He is out of touch with Under skillful treatment this boy's philanthropi.c, artistic, social and weakness, which he loathes, can be religious currents of activity. He overcome with increased knowlbecomes introspective and angular. edge of himself. There is needed a mental clinic in connection with At the Mariners' Temple we every religious center in the have endeavored to meet this ab- Bowery district; a shelter where normal situation by our Home treatment can be continued over a Hour, a social gathering on Sunday series of weeks. I do not know evenings. The temptations of a that this course has ever been suglarge city are, to solitary men, gested, but assuredly modern psygreatest on Sunday. We try to re- chological discoveries warrant us produce, though in a faint way, the in adopting measures to this end. Sunday evening home touch of We know the physical bodies. We many of the men when they were children. There is a cup of coffee, short addresses, singing and an atmosphere of good cheer. The presence of consecrated women completes the idea of the home circle. The inspiration of this hour. overflows into the days that follow, bringing to many lonely hearts the assurance that there is a corner in this big city where a welcome is to be found.

2. Many men in lower Manhattan do not break away from their surroundings because they are ignorant of themselves. They have resources of energy within which they have never tapped. It is so with all of us. The science of mental hygiene is yet in its in-

should know as fully the capacities various lines, supplementing the of the mind. Gospel service or other mass 3. The vicious circle which we gatherings, each unit under the meet elsewhere we meet also on the guidance of a sane, consecrated Bowery. Discouragement produces man or woman, would yield large drink; drink produces discourage- fruitage. There will be fewer ment. Men inclined to drink be- lapses into the old life, if the possi- lieve discouragement is the cause bilities of the group system for the of all their woes. We cannot know strengthening of character are the secrets of the discouragements utilized.

which a man is cherishing except 4. No discussion of adventures by personal contact with him. This in brotherhood in the Bowery dis- knowledge is an absolute necessity trict would be complete without a for the church worker. Men must reference to the cause of all sorrow be known, sympathy must be ex- and of all moral failure-namely, SIN. We touch here the root of every man's weakness. The church has no argument for existence ex- cept that primarily and in every activity it presents a sovereign remedy for sin. In Jesus Christ we have that remedy. Jerry Mc- Auley, having accepted Jesus Christ as his Saviour and his Lord, opened the first rescue mission on Water Street. His instinct was sound. That which saved him would, if accepted, save all men.

So every religious center in lower Manhattan has its nightly Gospel WHERE JIIEN SEEK WOHK service to which all men are in- vited and from which come thou- pressed, if confidence is to be given sands of new-born men. Its power, in return. The small group idea under God, is prodigious. I do not so emphasized in the modern edu- dwell upon it simply because it is cational system, has not been so widely known and so truly re- stressed as it should be in the garded as the most fruitful medi- church's ministry to these men. um for the salvation of men.

A group of them who love music Thus in every possible legitimate and who meet together once or way-through personal contact, twice a week to rehearse and to through the social touch, through enjoy an hour of close intimacy the ex pre s s ion of sympathy, are on the highway to a fuller life. through material relief, through There is something in such an hour mental clinics, through brother- that draws the best out of men. hood groups, through the Gospel The fraternal spirit is cultivated. mass meeting, the church should Prejudices are stilled. We have make its approach to those needing seen this tested out in our own its ministry, that Christ, held aloft, church in a remarkable way. A may draw the multitudes to Him- dozen or so of such groups along self.

FOR CITY BOYS AND

The Neighborhood School of the Baptist Temple, Rochester BY CARL DAWKINS, Rochester, N. Y.

T HE future leadership of State gang of them were following. In and Church is bound up in some of the places the parents the flesh and blood and mind would rush out and, in broken and heart of the child of today. English, ask the cause of the Neglect him and the State and the trouble. Some thought I was a Church and the home will suffer policeman, or a secret service man.

when he takes over responsibili- Perhaps their consciences were not ties. Here is more than a chal- altogether clear for much of the lenge, it is an obligation. crime comes from this district.

Last year five hundred and Most of the homes were dingy, twenty-seven boys and girls were very poorly furnished al!.d illy enrolled in the Neighborhood kept. The hallways were dark and School of the Baptist Temple, with unpleasant odors greeted one at an average attendance of one hun- almost every turn. The women dred and fifty. The ages of the and men who came to the door boys and girls run from three were very often half-dressed and to six. Those over thirteen are 'their clothes were ragged and chosen as leaders. They are dirty. Occasionally we came watched carefully as leaders are across a family who, even though chosen on merit. A leadership poor, showed their belief that class is organized where the boys cleanliness is next to godliness.

and girls are taught the funda- The parents, although rather mental qualities of a leader, and skeptical at first, became very cor- are given specific tasks to prove dial as soon as they discovered our their abilities. Many show special mission. Some mothers would try talent in music or drawing or some to tell, in broken English, how other line of work. much the school had done for her Last year twenty-two different boyar girl, and showed pride in nations were represented includ- anything their children had made.

ing: Italian, Ukranian, American, One of the problems is to keep Greek, Jewish, Assyrian, Polish, the children off the streets. For- Eng lis h, Servian, Lithuanian, tunately for the most part they are Dutch, Canadian, German, Syrian, back streets not much travelled.

Turkish, Hungarian, Bulgarian, The Baptist Temple's Vacation Slavish, French, Irish, Spanish and Bible School recruits its members Scotch. from this same district, and the The home life of these children parents are glad to have their chil- is an interesting study. My first dren go where they will be cared visit to this district was on a sultry for, especially during the warmer summer afternoon when one of the season. Parents also attend dif- neighborhood boys took me around ferent functions sponsored by the to the homes of several children. Neighborhood School and many Many boys knew me from our con- appreciate all that the school has tacts in the school and soon quite a done for their children.

533

A new pupil from one of the There is an honor club for the poorer homes where cleanliness is boys and one for the girls, where given little attention, soon dis- good behavior is recognized and covers that there is such a word, leadership is promoted. The memand observes that pupils can be bers are appointed by the club clean, even if their clothes are leaders on merit, and their apragged. Soon he will return like pointment is for a month at a time, a new boy and find satisfaction to be annulled at any time the boy in being clean, with teeth polished, or girl proves unworthy. Boy shoes shined and clothes brushed. Scout organizations and groups of Girl Reserves are in charge of com- Hygiene is a necessary co-part- petent leaders with charters from ner of character building. Fair national and state organizations. play in sports is taught as well as There is also a Black Condors club in all aspects of life. The children for the boys above the scout age. are constantly advised to make their homes a place to carry out Of the eighty-five volunteer the things they learn in the school, workers in the Neighborhood helping tired mother, and promot- School, most of them are members ing harmony. of the Baptist Temple. Mrs. Par- Many have confessed that they menter, the director, has a genius have stolen but will not do so any for organization, and a knack for more. In many homes theft is getting people interested in worthpassed over very lightly, and in while work. The school is financed some is even encouraged. Some by the various women's clubs of boys have been leaders of gangs the Temple and by special gifts. that have caused much trouble for officials but have led their gang to One of the happiest times in the the school, where they learn a lives of these underprivileged better way of life. children is that spent at Kamp Kontent, the Baptist Temple Sum- Many of the children are under- mer Camp on Lake Conesus. The nourished. A little advice to the competition for a camp scholarship mothers as to the kind of food to is, very keen, for choice is made buy and the best way to prepare it from those who have made the best often makes a change in the entire records in attendance, behavior home. Bad tempers caused from and quality of work. poorly digested food vanish when the cause is removed. The girls Bigger plans for this school are learn many things about the home being made for next year with and put these lessons into opera- a big general assembly once a tion. They are taught to be un- month. There are special health selfish, not only with their money examinations by a trained nurse, but also with their time and and there is to be a first-aid and strength. One of the boys who home nursing course. More emhad a great desire to go to Buffalo phasis is to be placed on organizaand had saved enough money, gave tion, program and leadership it instead to his mother for a new training. The "Nabor News," the dress, or to his father for a new school paper, is to be enlarged and pair of shoes. In many cases the more and better music is on the bill children have denied themselves for next year. Other churches may pleasure in order to help others. ' adopt some of the ideas of this effective Christian service.

MOODY MEMORIAL CHURCH. CHlCAG()-'-SEATING FOUR THOUSAND

A CHURCH THAT DRAWS THE MASSES BY REV. P. W. PHILPOTT, D.D., Chicago Pa8tor of the Moody Memorial Church I NTO the business office of a the old resentment, take our child, public stenographer, a conse- and go to church. crated Christian woman, there came from time to time a keen- "Last night we went with open minded young mechanic. He never minds to Dr. Blank's church (namwent to church. His interest in ing one of the most popular in the "religion" was nil. But tactful city). We enjoyed the music. We were prepared to hear an author- conversation was not fruitless. itative voice. But what do you One Monday morning he made suppose that preacher did? He this surprising remark, "Well, I spent his time trying to prove to went to church last night." us that about half the Bible is not The young woman was delighted true. I tell you, we working people and frankly said so. Quickly he have no appetite for that kind of interrupted, with grim determina- negative stuff! If a man does not tion and bitterness in his voice as believe his own Book, why should he declared, "But I shall never go we waste time listening to him?" again!" A positive message! The masses Pressed for the reason he gave crave it. Preachers and laymen this explanation: "For years I alike who believe the Bible as the have been antagonistic toward the inspired Word of the Living God church. But lately I have wan- can speak with Divine finality. On dered if, perhaps, I was not miss- the other hand (and reverently), ing something because of my hos- if the Bible is not the Word of tile attitude. I talked it over with God, what authority have we to my wife, and we decided to bury speak at all? The only message 535

that will grip individual hearts, them pause falteringly just to that will carry with it evangelizing drink of the comfort of which the power for the masses, must find its church motto speaks: "Ever welkey-note in "thus saith the Lord." come to this house of God are strangers and the poor." They During more than forty-three come–as other thousands from years of public work-years spent Moody's day to ours have comein large measure in ministry for because they desire sane, sweet, God among the poor and the de- scriptural teaching that exalts the graded-it has been my experience cross of Cprist and emphasizes its that the Gospel, wherever believed practical value in everyday life. in entirety and presented in simplicity, is, as always, "the power of While the morning service is usually for the instruction and God unto salvation." edification of Christians, not in- Commercially and industrially, frequently an appeal is made to the unsaved or the indifferent. The Chicago a throb with life and ener- Sunday evening meeting is purely gy, has arisen to the command of one of the Nation's most strategic evangelistic, with an hour of music centers. In this environment and in which the chorus choir of nearly to cope with this opportunity, the two hundred voices and the congre- Moody Memorial Church has been gation are led in the singing of erected. The masses find the Gospel hymns. Visiting ministers church easily accessible, located are also asked to adjust themselves just north of the main business to the Evangelistic program so section, near which thousands of that there is never a Sunday evewage earners have rooms. The ning when opportunity is not given active roll includes 3,750 members. to choose Christ as Saviour. Often, Founded on God's Word, the without undue urging, as many as twenty respond. In the inquiry church, erected as a memorial to room trained personal workers deal individually with inquirers, D. L. Moody, places the whole em- and later, brief instruction is given phasis on Bible teaching and to the group as a whole regarding the importance of prayer, Bible preaching and on practical evangelism. The primary aim, whether study, etc. A card is signed, givin services of public worship or ing the name, address, and church meetings of separate organiza- preference of the inquirer, and a gospel of John is given to each. tions, is the salvation of souls. No During the week, each inquirer is week passes without fruitage in the personally visited, encouraged, and conversion of those who have been invited to become an active church brought to a saving knowledge of member. the truth in Christ. The work of the Usher Band is Does this program attract the of inestimable value. Prepared by united, beiieving prayer, each masses? usher has in his charge a certain A visitor to any Sunday service section of seats in the auditorium. When the invitation is given to acwould undoubtedly testify that it cept Christ the ushers standing at does. In ~he main auditorium, their assigned posts are able to 10- 4,040 seats accommodate the people, and rarely is there a Sunday when the building is not well filled. Magnetically drawn by the lure of the city, they come, weary, discouraged, and lonely. Some of

A CHURCH THAT DRAWS THE MASSES

cate the persons whose hands are ing knowledge of the Lord Jesus raised for prayer and are ready to Christ. Faced with an open Bible invite them courteously to the in- and a seeking soul, no sincere quiry room, and to accompany Christian can successfully harbor them there if they wish. bitterness or long engender strife.

A number of young people's Furthermore, it stimulates. Soul organizations meet each Sunday winning, as a common ambition, afternoon. While an invitation is will exalt to its rightful place in not given at each one, the entire the program of the church the art plan of service points toward the of intercession. And prayer will individual acceptance of Christ. inevitably lead to mutual under- Each week at the Young Men's standing and sympathy. It will THE MOODY MEMORIAL CHURCH CHOIR OF OVER ONE HUNDRED VOICES Club and the Business Girls' Coun- gild with heavenly glory the task cil meetings, at which approxi- of bearing one another's burdens. mately 300 are regularly present, young men and women take Christ Heartbroken parents come to as their Saviour. At banquets and the pastor with this plea: "I have social gatherings of the church and a son, a dear boy. He has left Sunday-school, the evangelistic aim home and I cannot find him. Some predominates. day you, Or one of your workers, may meet my boy. Tell him, won't The advantages of an evangelis- you, that his mother believes in tic ministry are manifold. him, that she never ceases to pray for him and for his return to God In the first place, it amalga- and to his loved ones." mates. It brings unity among believers as nothing else can. No Prayer requests are sent every better solvent can there be for dif- Sunday morning to the platform, ferences of race, social standing, and a congregation of several and denominational peculiarity thousand people engages in united than the earnest, persistent effort prayer for that specific need. to bring men and women to a sav- Again, at the Wednesday evening

fellowship meeting, devoted en- of the earth with the message. In tirely to prayer and testimony and this group sixty are eligible and attended regularly by 600 to 800 available for support through the people, it is the staggering sense Moody Church, and last year, when of obligation for the lost that the total receipts for missions ex- makes petition fervent and wit- ceeded $43,000, this support in the nessing effective. full amount necessary was supplied How do we raise the money for in every case, besides generous the maintenance of so great a donations to other missionary en- work? The answer is simple. We terprises.

do not raise it; we give it. The Most congregations, afflicted stimulus for giving is found in the with such ailments as stunted spir- evangelistic aim of the church. itual growth and general weak- Over $1,000 is needed each week ness, will respond quickly and en- for general expenses. Interest is couragingly to emphasized evan- also required on a bond issue gelism.

floated to finance the building proj- ect. From givers who would be I DO IT UNTO THEE* classified by most judges as poor Lord of all pots and pans and people these amounts have been things; since I've no time to be regularly forthcoming. A saint by doing lovely things or How wholesomely effective is watching late with Thee, evangelism! It places individual witnessing for Christ on a plane Or dreaming in the dawn light, or with the most enviable achieve- storming heaven's gates, ments. It enables young people and mature Christians, zealous and Make me a saint by getting meals, and washing up the plates.

warm-hearted, to speak for the Although I must have Martha's Master in homes and business hands, I have a Mary mind; houses where they are employed, and in jails, hospitals and the open And when I black the boots and air where their unwearying love shoes, Thy sandals, Lord I for the lost makes weekly visits find. profitable. Through this medium, in conneCtion with this one church, I think of how they trod the earth, scores are won for Christ each each time I scrub the floor; week. Accept this meditation, Lord, I haven't time for more.

Echoing through the years with Warm all the kitchen with Thy holy solemnity are the words of the love and light it with Thy Shepherd King: "Other sheep peace; have I … them also I must bring." Forgive me all my worrying and The poignancy of their appeal is make all grumbling cease.

sensed most keenly by the individ- Thou didst love to give men food, ual and the church whose whole in room or by the sea, viewpoint is evangelistic. With Accept this service that I do-I do Macedonian urgency the cry of it unto Thee.

perishing multitudes has come to • This prayer was written by U. K. H., a girl eighty-five members of the Moody 19 years of age, who is in domestic service, and Church, and in response they have was read to a large congregation by Dr. G. gone gladly to the uttermost parts Campbell Morgan at Vestminster Chapel, Lon~ don. It is reprinted from The WestminBter Record.

REAI;>Y FOR AN ADVENTURE A'l' THE P ENIEL CENTER

AN ADVENTURE AMONG THE JEWS "W BY REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., New York ILL you undertake it?" ness and disappointment and anx- The question was asked iety. But he knew also his re- of a young Jew who had sources. There stood beside him met Christ on the way and had One who said, "Lo, I am with you heard His call "Follow Me." Col- alway." He caught visions of hos- lege and seminary had given him tility changed to friendship, of preparation for service. Earnest lives made glad through a new- and eager he asked for an oppor- found faith, of homes blessed by tunity. the coming of a gracious Friend.

It came to him in a community Seeing all and understanding all, of seventy thousand Jews, mostly he answered with a smile.

socialists, in the neighborhood of "I will."

Humboldt Park, Chicago. The That is how Peniel Community coming of this multitude of stran- Center, Chicago, was commenced, gers had driven far afield the mem" and how David Bronstein began bers of the Eleventh Presbyterian his adventure for Christ in that Church located in that district. great city.

Beside their abandoned church edi- It was July. On the streets fice David Bronstein stood that about were hundreds of girls and summer day in 1921 and weighed boys having nowhere else to go and that question. having nothing worthwhile to do.

He knew well what it meant: Beside the church was a large, va- standing alone in an alien commu- cant, enclosed lot. To this young nity, being misunderstood by his man of vision the first approach to own people, enduring incessant that community was easy. A bill- toil, encountering hours of loneli- board announced that the lot would 539

be open in the morning as a play- building soon became quite inade- ground. One hundred and fifty quate and plans were made for children flocked in, and parents more suitable quarters. In 1925 came to express their heartfelt an additional building was erected gratitude for this gracious min- with a number of rooms for vari- istry of helpfulness. A Daily Va- ous meetings and activities. This cation Bible School followed, with building in turn is now filled to a full program-Scriptures and capacity and plans are being made all. The enrollment was two hun- for fUrther extension.

dred and twenty. Come to Peniel at any time, Sun- Thus hundreds of doors in the day or week-day, and you will be community were opened to the mis- sure to find something going on.

sionary and his helpers. In the On my last visit I attended a party fall the children and young folks, given by the missionary society of whose hearts had been won by the one of the city churches to the summer activities and the friendly Jewish women of the neighbor- interest of the workers, were gath- hood. I learned that a different ered into clubs and classes of vari- society arranges for such gather- ous sorts, in all of which definite ings each month. Coffee and cake religious instruction was given. is provided and a program.

For the adult Jews of the com- On this particular occasion the munity, many of whom were rad- soprano soloist from the church icals and who loved discussions on choir rendered two choice selec- the questions of the day, an Open tions which her Jewish audience, Forum was opened for the presen- who are lovers of music, greatly tation of religious issues. Pro- enjoyed. A number of simple fessors from the seminary and games, such as are used on Sunday- leading ministers of the city came school picnics and church socials, to discuss with these wide-awake served to remove formality and Jews such themes as "The Being create a warm, friendly atmos- of God," "The Atonement." "The phere. Then Mr. Bronstein gave Person of Jesus," "Judaism and out a number of hymns from a Christianity," and "The Right of Yiddish hymn book, in which the Christians To Propagate Their members of the missionary society Faith." . could join in English. An earnest Professors and ministers soon Gospel address then followed which made the discovery that these Jews was listened to with eager atten- were acute thinkers and earnest tion. When the refreshments were seekers after truth. One bright served each Gentile Christian sat young minister said after one of beside a Jewish sister and sought his experiences at Peniel: to become a friend.

"Before I go down there again I This mingling of Gentile Chris- am going to re-study my theology." tians with their Jewish neighbors Hundreds of Jews for the first has been most fruitful. The no- time were brought face to face tion prevalent among Jews that with the ireat truths of Christian- Christians hate them has been ity and the claims of Jesus Christ. completely removed, and the wom- So responsive were the people of en look forward eagerly to these the community to the ministry of pleasant meetings. A postcard an- Peniel that the facilities of the old nouncement will bring together

AN ADVENTURE AMONG THE JEWS

thirty-five or forty of them at any friendly ministries, often inviting time. The influence of these gath- a number of Jewish people for a erings upon the women of the meal. At the table he tells them churches has been equally salutory. that it is the Christian custom to They have learned to know and thank God for food and he asks love their Jewish sisters, and to them to be silent as he bows his take a heartfelt interest in the head to pray. After the meal they work of Peniel. They have formed gather in a front room, and one of an "Auxiliary" which cooperates the company who is a Christian enthusiastically with the Board and a favorite musician leads in and the Presbytery in its support singing some stirring hymns and and provides two thousand dollars directs the conversation into re- a year towa"rd maintenance. ligious channels which gives him A very memorable gathering an opportunity to tell what Christ last winter was the night when has meant to him. Or another Alexander Kaminsky, the wonder Jew, who has found the Way of violinist of old Russia-himself a Life and who loves Bible study, recent convert to the Christian suggests that they spend a little faith-thrilled his audience with while in the study of the Scrip- his extraordInary music and with tures. From these informal af- the story of how he had been won fairs it has come about that six or to the faith of Christ. This great seven families meet regularly in Jew's testimony made a profound each other's homes. Mter the impression upon his audience. meal each one takes a Bible and Many other activities center in they have a season of real Bible this modern House of the Inter- study.

preter. A Sunday-school in which Mr. Bronstein said: "Just last all the teachers and officers are Friday night we were at an ortho- Jewish young people who have dox home. The sabbath candles been won for Christ and trained in were lit. The challah-the sab- Peniel deserves a whole page for bath white bread-and the gefilte itself. Mrs. Peck's Mothers' Bible fish were on the table. When we Class on Tuesday afternoons where sat down I got a spiritual thrill as Jewish women-a dozen of them- the man said, 'We will ask Mr.

come regularly for nothing else but Bronstein to thank God for the the study of the Bible, the Queen food.' In such ways we realize Esther Club for girls, and a score how widespread is the influence of or more other groups of young and Peniel in our community."

old afford constant opportunities You should hear some of these for Christian influence. Even the Jewish young people and adults classes in English for adults be- talk about Camp Gray! There a come occasions for discussing the secluded section of this beautiful deeper things of life. summer spot has been set apart To people who are possessed of for the work of Peniel. Nestled sincere love and a passion for serv- away in the wooded dunes, groups ice every occasion affords an op- of tired mothers with little chil- portunity to interpret Christ either dren, of girls, boys and young by word or kindly deed. Mr. and people-over a hundred of them Mrs. Bronstein also make their last summer-under the trees and home a center of light and of beside the rippling waters gained

not only the rest they needed, but was brought into contact with the new conceptions of life and new teaching of the New Testament thoughts of God. and came under the spell of Christ.

Mrs. Peck thus describes one So profound was the impression memorable scene when the moth- made upon him that he was led ers were in camp. "With consum- after a period of Bible study to mate tact Mr. Bronstein intro- offer himself as a student for the duced the daily Bible talks after ministry. He has recently com- breakfast, leading step by step to pleted his course of preparation in a frank presentation of Christ as the seminary and today he is the Saviour of Jew and Gentile. preaching the faith that once he Out on the pleasant verandah the sought to destroy.

women gathered around him, It is never easy to tabUlate the showing the deepest interest, many results of work for the Jews. In of them leaning forward in their many cases converts face the os- chairs eager to hear every word." tracism and persecution of their Through these eight years the people, and hesitate to make open Open Forum has continued to hold confession of their faith. So the its interest and influence. The seventy or more who in connection capacity of the room was utilized with Peniel have avowed their to the full by the addition of twen- faith in Christ, and who by their ty-five extra chairs. Even then courage, enthusiasm and loyalty on many Fridays twenty-five or demonstrate the reality of the new thirty stand listening at the door, life they have found, by no means as there is no more room within. represent all the results of this In the discussions that follow most interesting service. The in- the addresses and lectures there direct results are beyond all com- are many evidences of their in- putation. Hundreds of men, wom- fluence. One night, following a en and young people have learned course of addresses on the "Funda- to know and esteem Jesus. Indeed mentals of Christianity," the Peniel has spread a spiritual leaven speaker made an appeal to his Jew- through that whole community, a ish audience to begin the great ad- leaven which is being scattered to venture of fellowship with Christ. many other parts of the city. Our One Jew in his remarks afterward missionaries have seen hostility said: "We Jews are proud that we changed to friendship. No rabbi have given to the world a character in that great community has won like Jesus, I accept His teachings so ItlUCh respect 'and love as the de- and His spirit, although I cannot voted leader of this truly Christian believe in His divinity." Another Center. This does not mean that said, "I want to make a confession. there is no opposition. There is.

There used to be a time when I At times it is quite pronounced.

hated Christ, and spoke against But the most ardent defenders of Him on the street corners, but now Peniel are the Jews themselves I hate Him no more. I love and who know it best. They recognize live by His principles." its power for good and bear eager It was in connection with this testimony to what it has accom- forum that Louis H. Aronson, the plished in the spiritual upbuilding leading socialist orator of Chicago, of their community.

ell:rnODS fOR

By MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions HOW COOPERATION WAS Protestant churches of Ohio had been ACHIEVED making sporadic attempts to organize By B. F. LAMB, D.D., interdenominationally for a coopera- tive approach to the rural church sit- Executive Secretary, the Ohio Council uation, which all religious leaders of Churches seemed to agree was in need of cor- The Ohio Council of Churches is rective action. It was not until after completing its tenth year of organized the war, however, that a permanent work. Historically, however, it is an organization was achieved, and it came outgrowth of ,the interest and concern then, partially at least, as the result over rural church conditions which of a cooperative activity in which the have been felt among religious and churches had been engaged during the social workers in Ohio for at least war.

thirty years. As early as 1900 an in- In March, 1919, a questionnaire re- terdenominational organization was garding cooperation was sent to min- formed to cope with this situation but isters in various parts of the state by it lapsed because of lack of popular the Ohio representatives of the Joint interest. Committee on War Production Com- Some thirteen years later the first munities of the Federal Council of rural church survey in the state of Churches. The favorable response led which there is a record was made in to the calling of a preliminary meeting several southern Ohio counties, giving to consider definite plans for interde- rise to a new birth of interest in the nominational organization. Represent- country church. At about this time atives of seven denominations at- the Ohio Rural Life Association was tended this conference in Columbus, formed and carried on an educational April 21, chose Dr. W. O. Thompson program, in which the over-churching as chairman and authorized him to and under-churching problems were write to the heads of the various de- emphasized. Then the Commission nominational bodies in the state, invit- on the Church and Country Life, an ing them to be present, each with two agency of the Federal Council of other representatives of his commun- Churches, selected Ohio as the field of ion, at a conference in Cleveland, May an intensive study of rural conditions, 7, 1919.

and with the cooperation of the Ohio The new cooperative organization Rural Life Association made a survey was formally launched at the Cleveland of the whole state. In the hope of meeting. More than sixty persons, building a remedial program on the representing sixteen communions and basis of these surveys, a Committee on four city church federations, were Interchurch Cooperation was formed present. A constitution was approved within the Rural Life Association and and referred to the state or sectional was composed largely of state execu- bodies of the various denominations tives of the various denominations. for ratification. This document an- Sixteen years before America en- nounced the name of the organization tered the World War, therefore, the as "The Ohio Federation of Churches"

643

(changed later to "The Ohio Council Ohio leaders, as had been seen, had of Churches," which was felt to be a been working for years. This was more accurately descriptive title). It recognized by specific action at this stated the purposes of the federation first annual meeting, by which the to be as follows: Rural Surveys Department of the In- terchurch Movement was recognized (1) To realize essential unity among as Rural Section of the state Federathe Christian forces of the state on a tion and its director as an associate basis of mutual respect; secretary of the Federation.

(2) To develop an aggressive coopera- At the same time, however, the tive program for the churches in the in- other opportunities for profitable coterest of the Kingdom of God; operation among the denominations were not overlooked. A leaflet dis- (3) To encourage and assist in the tributed in the summer of 1919, while formation and development of local fed- the constitution was before the various erations in the cities, villages, communi- denominational bodies for consideraties and counties of the state for the tion, pointed out that "a state-wide promotion of the same ends. federation of Protestant churches could promote social legislation, pro- Provision was made to give each de- mote united evangelistic effort, foster nomination at least one clerical and interdenominational goodwill, secure one lay delegate to the governing wide publicity for Christian causes, body, with additional representation agitate for law enforcement on moral of the same character for each 20,000 issues, promote interest in city and members or major fraction thereof. countY :federations, survey social and Each local church federation was 1"eligioqs conditions in communities granted one clerical and one lay dele- which;desire it, and cooperate with gate. (In later years the unit group all state agencies, religious or public, of delegates has been doubled, and which look toward social betterment." provision bas beennmde to the ell'ecl Committees to deal with various of that at least ORe of .each two lay dele- these topics were provided for at the gates must be a woman.) meeting.

By October, when the first annual Dr. W. O. Thompson, then president meeting of the new federation was (now president emeritus) of Ohio held, the constitution had been ratified State University and a leader in most by official bodies of ten denominations of the preliminary steps toward interand also by six city church federa- denominational organization that had tions of the state, all of which were been taken since 1900, was elected as represented at the meeting. the first president of the Federation.

In the meantime, the interdenom- The first annual meeting adjourned inational promotional program known with the feeling that the work toward as the Interchurch World Movement which so many had been looking forhad come into being nationally, had ward for years was now auspiciously begun a state-wide rural church sur- launched and that the strength gained vey in Ohio and had opened a state through cooperation with the Interoffice in Columbus. To avoid duplica- church World Movement would insure tion, it was agreed at this first annual its permanence. In June, however, the meeting that the state federation collapse of the Interch,urch Movement, should join in the program of the In- due to causes that had no relation to terchurch Movement, with tbe latter the local situation in Ohio, threatened movement financing the work at least to carry with the national organizain the beginning and with an execu- tion into the wreckage the state ortive officer representing the two or- ganization as well and to wipe out the ganizations jointly. Ohio leaders' glowing hopes for a per- manent state-wide program of inter- With the state-wide rural church survey already under way as the basis of a constructive rural church program, the Interchurch program was in harmony with the plans on which the

METHODS FOR WORKERS

denominational cooperation. Such a the Federation was held in October, result would have made it impossible 1920, the steps taken by the executive to build up a new state federation for committee were approved and a statemany years to come, and in addition wide cooperative program, supported would have rendered almost worthless from within the state, was definitely the great volume of work already launched. In recognition of the need done on the rural church survey, for building up intelligent interest in which had been carried further for- interdenominational cooperation among ward in Ohio than in any other state. the ministers and the influential lay- men of the state, intensive educational The situation called for heroic ac- work was emphasized. tion; the Ohio leaders suddenly found themselves without financial resources The survey was pushed to compleand facing the dilemma of either dis- tion (Ohio being the only state that continuing the work at once or of go- succeeded in finishing the survey being forward with such financial sup- gun under Interchurch auspices, alport as could be developed within the though twenty states had voted to go state at once. As the secretary re- ahead with it after the Interchurch marked in his annual report the fol- movement ceased). A county conferlowing autumn, the Federation "was ence of church leaders was held in each in the position of being thrown into of fifty counties during this first year mid-ocean without a life preserver and of independent operation, to discuss told to sink or swim." the findings and the local program to be based on the survey. During. the Called together hastily to face the following year such conferences were situation, the executive committee held in all of the remaining counties voted that the work must go on, asked of the state. the cooperating denominations to contribute on a basis of one cent per At these conferences in the first two member toward a budget for the first years, 64 of the 88 county groups year and instructed the secretary and voted to organize county federations the survey supervisor to proceed at of churches. Later experiences demonce to raise funds to continue the onstrated, however, that it is difficult, work in the emergency. if not impossible, to maintain an effec- tive, permanent local church federa- The difficulties in the way were tion without paid leadership, and that great – far greater, it may be re- an employed executive must be submarked, than those which are en- sidized from some source during the countered in an effort to launch a first year or two of his work, before state council of churches today. In he can develop sufficient local resources the first place, the acceptance of re- to maintain the program. These facts sponsibility for completing the survey have operated to prevent the realizamade it necessary to raise a budget tion as yet of the early plans for the much larger than the ordinary opera-' development of local church councils or tions of a state council of churches federations, but the action of the would require, and secondly, this county conferences was highly sigmoney had to be raised in the face of nificant at the time as an indication a prevailing industrial depression and of the growth of the spirit of interof a widespread reaction of public denominational cooperation among the sentiment against interdenominational church people of the state. work, which followed the failure of the Interchurch Movement. Despite Another important step of the openthese obstacles, however, the imme- ing year was the calling of the denomdiate emergency following the stop- inational executives of the state to page of Interchurch support was met, two state comity conferences, in which and plans were laid for the contin- the survey findings were considered, uance of the work. with special reference to communities found to be overchurched or under- When the second annual meeting of 4

churched. Definite "Principles of consolidations upon requests received Comity" were adopted in these meet- from local communities. ings as a guide to the promotion of local church consolidations as a means The united influence of the churches of securing adequate religious leader- is being exerted through the Council ship for all communities. in matters of legislation, law enforce- ment and public policy in relation to A state Pastors' Convention was moral issues. The annual Pastors' held in this opening year and was ac- Convention attracts more than one cepted as an annual feature of the thousand ministers of twenty or more Federation's work; it has since be- denominations to Columbus each J ancome perhaps the most important uary for a week of conference and single item in the program, from the fellowship. A comprehensive program standpoint of its value in developing of cooperative evangelism. carried out the consciousness of fellowship and over a period of several years, demon- Christian unity among the ministers strates the value of cooperative effort of the state. in this field of religious work. A pub- lication, the Ohio Christian News, has An active publicity program w~s been established and is now in its launched. An annual summer school seventh year, reaching all of the 4,500 for rural pastors was established. Protestant ministers in the state and Personal contacts were made with some 5,000 influential laymen. many laymell of means and influence, to win their support for the work. All of this increased activity has The cooperative program was pre- brought an increase in the budget, sented in addresses at many denomina- but increased income has more than tional meetings. At the close of this balanced this increased expense. Supyear of intensive pioneer activity, the ported by a steadily growing body of secretary was able to say in his re- Christian men and women who see in port at the annual meeting of October, cooperation, Protestantism's only hope 1921: for real progress in building the King- dom in this Twentieth Century, the As compared with the past year, the Ohio Council of Churches looks to the outlook for the future of the Federation future in a spirit of optimism and is exceedingly bright. We face the new hope. year with sentiment very much in our favor as compared with a year ago. The "HOW ONE CITY DID IT" financial outlook is also very encouraging.

Since these early years the program The story of the origin and deof the Ohio Council of Churches has velopment of the Woman's Department gradually expanded, .enlisting a stead- of the Washington Federation of ily increasing amount of interest from Churches may be of interest and value the church people of the state. Many to those in other cities. This narraof the seventeen denominations that tive is necessarily brief and incomare now members of the Council are plete, yet it may offer helpful sugcontributing to the work on a basis gestions to others. Of course we of three cents per member annually. understand that each city must deter- More than two thousand individuals mine for itself the type of organizaof many denominations are contribut- tion which shall be effected and the ing. An effective educational program program of its work; at the same in the interest of world peace has been time the experience of others with the developed. Interdenominational wom- same objectives is always useful. en's work is being fostered on a large scale. More than ninety consolidated Our local Federation was organized churches are in existence in the state early in 1920 after months of earnest and a field worker is giving full time work. No immediate effort was made to aiding in the formation of other to develop specific activities for wom- en, other items requiring attention

METHODS FOR WORKERS

during the early years of its existence. that such an organization was needed However, its officers soon felt that in order to serve the needs of national there were numerous opportunities bodies of women holding their meet- for constructive service in fields ings in Washington, as they so fre- which only women could fill, or where quently do. In connection with the they could work more successfully. former there has been held each year Consequently this subject was a mat- a Missionary Institute in which women ter of thoughtful consideration con- from many denominations have coop- stantly. So in 1923 some of the erated. The speakers and teachers leaders began to discuss the possibility have been drawn from the various of an organized effort which would communions and its influence has been enlist the church women of the Wash- unusually fine. The Annual Day of ington area in cooperative undertak- Prayer has also drawn together a ings. After seeking advice from large attendance. The Department numerous quarters the President and has affiliated with the Council of Wom- the Executive Secretary invited six en for Home Missions and the Federa- or eight leading women, all active mis- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign sionary workers, to a conference. At Missions. In connection with the latter this time the entire situation was gone item very effective service has been over in detail and it was the unani- rendered such gatherings as the For- mous feeling that the time was ripe eign Missions Conference, the Na- to effect an organization. During the tional Conference on Law Enforce- months following, interviews were ment, the Conference on the Cause and held with numerous other sympathetic Cure of War and similar meetings.

women of prominence in the local Our women set up strong committees churches. Finally it was decided to on arrangements for each of these and set up a Woman's Department in the have given service which was consid- Federation of Churches as an integral ered to be of great value to these na- part of that body. The Executive tional organizations.

Committee of the Federation adopted Beginning on a small scale with a this policy, asking the women leaders goal of 300 members, each one con- already mentioned to confer further tributing at least $1.00, the Depart- about details. ment has grown to its present strength In due time, early in 1924, an or- of almost 2,000. Early in its history ganization was completed including a the officers felt that there was a large president, four vice-presidents, a sec- field of opportunity at the Juvenile retary and a treasurer. Such commit- Court. The Federation had just de- tees were to be appointed as appeared termined to place a worker there for necessary for the proper promotion of full time and the women agreed to its work, and chairmen of these to be become responsible for her salary of members of the Executive Committee. $1,800. This they have paid for three When the arrangement was acted years and a half. Each year there is upon favorably by the Federation these an annual ingathering which is called officers and chairmen automatically "The Festival of Flowers" to which became members of the Executive the women from more than 100 con- Committee of that body also. gregations come with the funds that There were two important reasons they have gathered through special in the minds of those interested for efforts during the preceding month.

initiating such an organization in our Each denomination has a particular city. The first was the unquestioned flower as its own for that year. Money fact that there was much local work has been secured from individuals, to be done which could not be accom- Bible classes and various societies, the plished successfully by the women in contributing organizations now num- individual churches or even in entire bering 40 or 50. This Annual Meeting denominations alone. The second was. is a great event and attended by hun-

dreds of women. This year the ad- for united prayer and concerted acdress was delivered by Bishop Wm. F. tion. A firm foundation has now been McDowell. After the session is over made for what we trust will be a futhe flowers are taken to patients in ture of great service in the nation's the hospitals by the Federation's Hos- capital for the church of Christ and pital Worker. the Kingdom of our God.

A quotation from the annual report MRS. WILLIAM L. DARBY, of Mrs. Harvey S. Irwin, President of the Department, will show the spirit Chairman of the Committee on Governof the undertaking better than any ment and Legislation of the Federation words from me: of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. "A growing organization, a deepening interest in a steadily enlarging A SCRAP ABOUT SCRAPBOOKS field of opportunity and responsibility; a successful venture in interdenomina- No other gift so certainly reflects tional friendship, a 'Straight Way To- and manifests the personal qualities of ward Tomorrow'-this is the story of the giver (provided the giver be also the Woman's Department. the maker) as a scrapbook. There can, of course, be a mechanical ar- "We organized with definite obliga- rangement by which pictures at rantions the enforcement of law, the dom and quotations and excerpts necessity for.a growing knowledge of haphazard are pasted on pages; mere the needs of the world through mis- agglomerations, without plan or form; sionary education, the betterment of an unintelligent method which indithe under-privileged and neglected cates a mechanical and unintelligent children through the maintenance mind. Most of them, however, start and ministry of a Juvenile Court with some evident intent even if its Worker. We have met these obliga- early abandonment shows infirmity of tions; we have lived up to our privi- purpose or exhaustion of materialleges and opportunities in many lines and the latter seems to imply the of Christian endeavor, yet we have not former, for who, intending to build a accomplished all that we desired; tower or fill a scrapbook, "sitteth not newer and other tasks await us. down first and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish "We have cured some cases of 'spir- it?" itual near-sightedness'; we have shown others the beauty of the flowers This was written to express the in our interdenominational garden; pleasure given by an unusually exceland all of us have a larger horizon, a lent scrapbook. The raw materials deeper faith, a clearer vision than we were an old prayer book, an old had five years ago. This is due to our hymnal, such as would be given for cooperative thinking and cooperative the asking by any church, a score or ministry. two of Perry pictures, and a number of strips of tasteful, illuminated "The Woman's Department feels a border cut, I fancy, from some old tremendous responsibility in bringing calendar. not only to every denomination, but to every church, the spirit and material The plan was simple; it consisted value of cooperative service." in appending pictures of the great events of our Lord's life, to the Gos- During these five years our Wash- pels for the days when those events ington church women have become a are commemorated, and an appropriate growing fellowship cemented together selection of hymns. I can think of no by united action for common purposes. more excellent way of utilizing the The spirit of isolation is disappearing broken-backed, coverless, mutilated fast and they find an increasing de- books that collect in the vestry rooms light in giving themselves to the serv- of churches; it gives them a new ice of our common Master in connec- .lease of life. tion with the great causes which call

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Besides the great events of the Membership: Pose Naomi, Ruth Christian year many incidents were and Little Samuel; read your adult, illustrated. Under Hoffman's picture Y. P., and Junior reports from their of Christ blessing little children was simply draped, inexpensive Hebraic the hymn, I think when I read that costumes. sweet story of old, so appropriate that the picture must have suggested the Southern Work: Two persons, one hymn to the writer unless the hymn to represent the mountain work, the suggested the picture to the painter. other the Negro work; read report Under Plockhorst's "Good Shepherd" from their dresses. was set The King of Love my Shepherd is, while underneath Holman Missionary Boxes: Person dressed Hunt's great picture of Christ, the as a box. Facts pasted on sides. Light of the World, was pasted the hymn that most certainly was sug- Literature: One dressed as a leaflet gested by that picture, 0 Jesus, Thou and covered with leaflets. Items atart standing outside the fast closed tached. door. Temperance: One dressed in blue It is all so perfectly obvious when crepe-paper covered with white bows it is done-so appropriate as to be ob- tied as W. C. T. U. badge. Items vious. Yet when 0 Sacred Head sur- pasted on. rounded by crown of piercing thorn, is put beneath Guido Reni's represen- This idea may .be developed for any tation of that subject, both picture line of report. It has been used most and verses gain in poignancy. Abide effectively. Be sure that your presenwith me, fast fulls the eventide, placed tation is dignified and factful. beneath Hoffman's "Journey to Emmaus" showed a high sense of inter- SING IT-CHILDREN-SING IT pretation. What?-"All the World," words by It is the personal element that counts in the value of a scrapbook; Harry Webb Farrington, M;'sic , working on a worthwhile scrapbook develops the soul of the worker. Why by Rob Roy Peery not begin at once a "Scrapbook Campaign" in Sunday-schools, missionary In the judgment of the editor of societies, religious education classes, this department, this hymn of world among old and young, with the ends friendship for children will captivate in view of developing ourselves, and your juniors in Sunday school, in misof having great numbers of helpful sion band and in religious education and lovely scrapbooks as Christmas class. Just try it and see the result. gifts for Home and Foreign Mission If you wish other copies order from, Fields by November 1, 1929! Hymn Cycle, Room 710, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y., 5c per copy; $2 per 100. (See page 550.) Its spiritual content and its psychol- ogy are correct; this can be truly said of but few missionary hymns.

A WAY TO MAKE THE USUAL NEW BOOKS AND STUDY MISSIONARY REPORT LIVE MATERIALS Mrs. A. N. Blackford, a reader of 1929-1930 this magazine, has asked for suggestions as to how to make a "Re- For a full description of these books port" live. and study materials for all grades write to your own Board or to the Mis- Mission Study; Dress a fine looking sionary Education Movement, 150 young woman as a book. On her Fifth Avenue, New York. See also crepe-paper dress paste the items the department "Books Worth Readwhich you wish .to report; read them ing" in our June issue for general from the dress. notice.-Editor.

All the World R.Rv!' lY 1 M ()f ORlf) "KIF I I I fOR J~ lOR"

Cbu Ami -l :fn:.. to-<1&y, To spr~ad a won-drous feast; The to-day, And brought me won-drolls gamea j The … f: to-day,Theirpraise aDd gifts to bring; In ., I …. . t: • . …

• f .. . €.if .'

ship and planes in bright .r-ray Brought gifh from "est and east; play-mates strange had nought to ay, Nor told th~ir stran- g(r names; ev – 'ry tongue to SlUg LUld pray And wor – sI1;;> Je – sus, King. ,-. …. . t!. . . f , .. . 1", , ~I. . .. ,. t; •1 . s :: i i· • .. .. :. :. L .." , ;. :I:–:r . .

; . l: . .. ;-J -=] l .t , E … .. I '. -, ~a: « •1 In – dia,spice; from Chi – na, t.. a, My ta – blehigh to filii Each That all could laugh and play like rue, Soft, war n were heart lind h3nd, His .as the Wise Men. rid ing far, To find Hmlin oue place; .. 1 . . .. .. ~' J. .•. J … ..t ~ s " .)i :,. " ~~ U , J .. –.. — '" ::t ~ ~ ·ta of good-will. • ev – 'ry land. ~v – 'ry r ceo in peace to me A to – ken a ring strong as could be Of fflends from it, com – ing where we are, Binds hearts of ,,,,,:…,:.0, "

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York SEVENTY-SIX YOUNG PEOPLE OF' HASKELL INSTITU'l'E WHO WERE RECEIVED 'INTO PROTESTANT CHURCHES AT EAS'l'ER THIS YEAR ECHOES FROM AN INDIAN These facts with many others afford SCHOOL a great opportunity for the Christian This has been one of the most suc- churches today. They stand as a defcessful years that Haskell Institute, inite challenge in the adventure of the Indian school located at Lawrence, developing Christian leadership. The Kansas, has ever experienced. Mr. A. Indians as a race will become what A. Van Sickle, who is serving in an their leaders make them. Therefore, interdenominational capacity as direc- it is imperative that the Christian tor of religious education writes as forces avail themselves of every opfollows: portunity to develop Indian Christian leaders. Evidently there is no better "This year there has been advance- place to do this than at Haskell and ment along all lines, especially is this other Indian schools. Here we have true in the development of individual the pick of the Indian young people. responsibility and initiative. The fact Why not concentrate our efforts in the that about 170 applicants who applied training of these young people that for admission to Haskell were rejected they may lead their own race into the this last fall, because of lack of room, Church and help establish God's Kingnot only indicates that Indian young dom in America and throughout the people are seeking educational advan- world? tages but also that Haskell is becoming a more selective school. Coupled A NEW DAY FOR THE AMERICAN with this is the fact that higher edu- INDIAN cational standards are continually being set up. The emphasis now is By HELEN M. BRICKMAN, bein,g placed on the senior high school and junior college departments. This Dircctar, Indian W'ork) Home Missions Conn.. is the second year for the high school cil and Council oj Women lor Home to be accredited by the state, also the Missions second year of junior college work. There are 81 graduates from the high A new day has dawned in the life of the North American Indian. The American public has finally awakened to the fact that neither are all of the school department, and 27 from the Indians dead nor is their problem a junior college this year." matter of past history.

551

President Hoover, recognizing the splendid work done by many of the need for more adequate government government employees. Through the service to the Indians, has called to years the government has frequently the office of Indian Commissioner, Mr. changed its methods of dealing with Charles J. Rhoads, a Christian gentle- the Indian people to correspond with man, a Quaker; one who through the ideas current in the country at training, experience and interest is large. highly fitted for this position. Mr. Rhoads was president of the Indian The survey sets forth certain fun- Rights Association as was his father damental principles which must be foland has been associated with many lowed in the future if the Indian is to important social institutions and re- be dealt with intelligently, with jusligious organizations. tice and genuine human sympathy. Following are some of the general What more strategic time than the conclusions reached. present for the churches to restudy the situation among the Indians as it ex- The whole problem is said to be ists today, to review their work among "fundamentally educational." Therethis race, to redefine objectives and fore, the Indian service should be to rethink methods! The government made primarily educational, fitting the is taking a great forward step, the Indian "either to merge into the social Church will surely do no less. and economic life of the prevailing civilization as developed by the whites The stage has been most auspicious- or to live in the presence of that civly set for Mr. Rhoads and for a new ilization at least in accordance with a order in the Indian world by the find- minimum standard of health and deings and recommendations set forth cency." In all the work of the Indian in a survey which was recently com- service "the primary question should pleted by the Institute for Govern- be how is the Indian to be trained so ment Research and written up in a that he will do this for himself." volume called "The Problem of Indian Administration." This report is prob- A real program of adult education ably the most thorough and authori- is needed. The Indian farmers need tative study of the need of the Indian to learn better methods, other vocaservice that has ever been made. tions should be opened to those desir- ing them, a campaign should be The staff making the survey was carried on to eliminate illiteracy, and composed of ten specialists under the they should be taught independence direction of Mr. Lewis Meriam. It and reliance upon their own efforts. included specialists in law, health, sociology, education and agriculture. Community plans of social life for There was one Indian adviser, Mr. Indians are needed since nothing has Henry Roe Cloud, President of the been substituted for the old tribal or- American Indian Institute, a man ganization. "Most superintendents of widely known and respected both reservations and agency employees among Indians and their friends. A generally do not understand the funyear was spent in making the survey. damental educational principle that the Indian must learn to do things In reading the survey it must be for himself even if he makes mistakes remembered that no attempt has been in the effort." made to point out progress. The time allotted to the survey staff was too About 83% of the Indian children brief to enable them to make a study are in boarding schools and" yet they of the advance from earlier days to are operated quite frequently "below the present. The aim has therefore any reasonable standard of health and been to compare the present state of decency." The personnel of these affairs with" an ideal which we still schools is not sufficiently well trained, fall short of attaining in society at the course of study prepared originallarge. The survey staff recognizes the ly in 1915 is now "very much in need of revision." Too much industrial

work is performed by the students, Three broad recommendations are not enough vocational work is done made in regard to health work: "(1) and there needs to be much more thor- the personnel in health work for the ough training in physical education. Indians should be materially strength- The program of religious education ened both in respect to numbers and among the Indians has· not been so qualifications; (2) an adequate pub- successful as it might have been be- lic health program should be inaug- cause the religious organizations have urated and special emphasis on not used the methods which have been prevention …… ; (3) the whole re- most successful elsewhere. Poor types gime at the Indian boarding schools of workers have frequently been sent should be revised to make them insti- to the reservations and many mission- tutions for developing health."

aries have been unable to "connect Bad economic conditions are gener- religion with Indian life in any real al even in tribes with large potential way." Missionary work among the resources. They have lost much of the Indians is still usually "purely evan- old Indian culture without having gelistic." fully assimiliated white standards.

A special educational program For the most part the Indians are should be adopted for each particular very poor. The survey states that the group of Indians with whom the serv- "standard of living is often almost ice works. It must consider the atti- unbelievably low. Almost nothing is tude, wishes and culture of the In- spent for shelter and firewood and dians, their degree of advancement, very little for clothing and food.

their economic opportunities and their Many homes were visited where there relationship to the white communities. was almost no food on hand. Many It must be designed to facilitate the Indians are just above the famine lev- passage of the Indians from the status el and if anything goes wrong, they of wards of the nation to that of full- must go without or fall back upon fledged citizens of the State and local government rations."

government where they are, whether One of the most important occupa- they be separated in self-governing tions among the Indians is some form Indian units or merged in general, of agriculture. In a few tribes native local governmental units. crafts are of real economic importance.

The activities of the national gov- In all but a very few they have almost ernment for promoting health among disappeared. "It is difficult to see the Indians is at present "below a how some Indians are ever to achieve reasonable standard of efficiency." a reasonably satisfactory standard of Lack of adequate appropriations is the living in their present locations with- fundamental cause. There are too few out the fostering and developing of doctors, nurses and dentists, and low these native industries, or some adap- salaries have resulted in poorly-trained tation of these to fit modern needs."

employees. Apparently the govern- Indian family relations have suf- ment has assumed that since the In- fered through contact with whites be- dians' standard of living is low "it is cause most interracial contacts are unnecessary to supply them with fa- with whites of low standard. The pol- cilities comparable with those made icy of educating the children in board- available by states, municipalities and ing schools has on the whole had a private philanthropists for the poor- bad effect on both parents and chil- est white citizens of progressive com- .dren. "In so far as the government munities." has sacrificed real and vital adult ed- Indians are particularly susceptible ucation at home to the formal educa- to tuberculosis and tracoma. It is es- tion of children in institutions, it has timated that about one Indian in every handicapped a primitive people in ten has tuberculosis, either active or their development."

arrested. One of the most constructive feC-

ommendations of the survey for the the same way as our activities for aid of the Commissioner of Indian white church members." It is believed Affairs in the reorganizing of the In- that a much broader and varied prodian Service and in the developing of gram is needed in order to develop this broader educational program, is the native Indian leadership which is concerned with the employment of a necessary and to bring about the selflarger group of technically trained determination and support of the Inspecialists and the creation of a pro- dian churches. fessional and scientific Division of Planning and Development. "The objective of the great mission- aries of the past was the preservation Throughout the report attention is of the deep reverence and faith in the called to the inability of the Service divine and unseen so characteristic of to function effectively because of lack the Indian. In great patience and of funds. The "poverty of the Indian hope they waited for the processes of Service" is mentioned again and again. education to eradicate superstition. The Indian Service "is a'starved serv- They accorded a high place to the race ice" is reiterated in almost every chap- which under the inspiration of its own ter. The annual appropriations for religion found no place in its vocabuthe Indian Service are now approxi- lary to curse the Great Spirit and no mately $15,000,000. At least $10,000,- room in its philosophy to doubt the ·000 additional will be needed for some existence of God. What these men and years if the service is to reach a rea- women gave the Indian race was a sonable standard of efficiency. new and lofty conception of the Great Spirit. They taught the Indians to The outstanding need in missionary dispense with magic …… Without activities is cooperation between the question this policy of toleration was government and the missionaries and in great part due to their mastery of between the different denominations the native Indian language. With this working in the field. 'The survey rec- language medium they could sound the ommends the creation of a "national depth of the currents of Indian life. advisory council composed of represen- With understanding sympathy and as tatives of each of the churches engaged master builders they could lead their in mission work among the Indians." converts out into a comprehensive Through this council the government faith without the loss of all the treasand the churches could work out mu- ures of their Indian inheritance." tual problems and it would also coordinate the work of the churches. We need to remember that through the years an Indian leadership has Denominational rivalries present been slowly developing. Today this the same serious problems in work for leadership is rapidly increasing; 2,000 the Indians as in the foreign fields. of the present employees in the gov- Some of the missionary activities the ernment schools are Indians. The ressurvey staff considers are "of an ex- ervations are breaking up and many tremely high order," particularly some of the most advanced Indian people of the mission schools, but it is sug- are coming to the towns and cities and gested that missionary work should making a place for themselves among be restricted to "work that can be the general population. Thus increasadequately supported and for which ingly there is developing a group of high standards of personnel can be Indians who understand "both the Inmaintained." The work of the mis- dian and the white way." Perhaps it sions, like that of the government, will be well to remember that new has had too little effect on the home light on these problems may be found and family life of the Indians. "The through a consideration of the thinkmissionaries, it seems, have placed ing and desires of the Indian leaders their main reliance for reaching the regarding the advancement of their adult Indian upon the traditional own people. church activities conducted in much

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York JERUSALEM AND WASHINGTON economic interests shall be, not the master, but the servant, of civiliza- The International Missionary Coun- tion. He will recognize the truth of cil at Jerusalem after a careful study the words, 'There is no wealth but under the direction of Bishop Francis life,' and will judge different forms of J. McConnell and with the expert ad- economic activity, not merely by their vice of Mr. R. H. Tawney, of the Lon- success in increasing riches, but by don School of Economics, adopted a the degree to which they foster a statement concerning the Christian Christian character and way of life Mission in Relation to Industrial among all members of the human Problems in Asia and Africa from family….. which we quote: (Vol. V-Pages 141, "It is essential that governments 146.). concerned with undeveloped areas should apply to them the knowledge "T h e International Missionary gained by a century of experience of Council desires to preface its report the measures needed to prevent ecoon industrial conditions by asserting, nomic and social injustice, and in parwith all the power at its command, its ticular that they should: conviction that the Gospel of Christ contains a message, not only for the in"gStfooprceadt olnacbeorthbeyprcaocmtipcaenioefs eomrplporyi– l·ndl·vl·dual souls, but for the world of vate individuals, and also, except in cases social organization and economic re- of immediate and unforeseen national lations in which individuals live. emergency, by public authorities." Christ came that men might have life, and might have it more abundantly. In harmony with these recommenda- When He wept over Jerusalem, He tions, the Foreign Missions Conferlamented the spiritual ruin, not merely ence of North America and the of an individual, but of a whole so- Federation were active in urging that ciety …. His followers have learned the Senate of the United States ratify that they cannot love God unless they the Slavery Convention of the League also love their fellow men with a love of Nations. On February 25, 1929, that transcends differences of race and the Senate did ratify this convention. class and economic position …. It is President Coolidge signed it as one their task to seek with the help of of his last acts in office and the docu- His spirit to realize love with ever- ment was deposited in Geneva, March increasing fulness, not merely in their 21st. Thus for the first time the own hearts, but in their social order, United States has ratified a League of in their political relations, and in the Nations convention and has regularly daily transactions of the factory and deposited its ratification with the the market-place. League Secretariat.

"Approaching the problems of social One of the most important decisions life in such a spirit, the Christian will . of the International Missionary Coun- welcome the triumphs of science and cil at Jerusalem was to provide a technical skill by which the resources Bureau of Research that will make which God has given to His children careful study and supply reliable have been made more fully available information to missionary organiza- for the service of all. But he will re- tions. Such a Bureau will be useful in gard material wealth as an instrument, proportion as its findings are studied not as an end …. He will desire that and acted upon. Each individual in- 555

terested in missions can help to form to honor today began her life as a a right public opinion by first of ail missionary bride in India, in the Mad- getting the facts, talking about them, ras Presidency, later returning, a wid- and acting upon them. ow with two small children.

The careful studies made by the For some years she served as sec- International Labor Organization, retary to her own Mission Board, represented at J erusaIem by Harold leaving that position to make another A. Grimshaw, may be had from the Christian home.

World Peace Foundation, 40 Mt. Ver- In 1911 she became the great leader non Street, Boston.. The report on of the jubilee of Foreign Mission Forced Labor made to the Interna- Boards, when like a whisper of God, tional Labor Conference (Twelfth a wave of missionary enthusiasm Session, May-June, 1929) "is a study swept over the country from coast to of the regulations of mandatory, coast-because of this woman's influcolonial and local governments in ence, so magnetic and direct.

many portions of the world where For nearly thirty years the Chair- forced labor exists as a system or may man of the Central Committee on he necessary in emergencies. It shows United Study of Foreign Mouisrsimoinss~iaolnl what efforts are made to prevent the the girls and women in abuse of this expedient and its lapse study classes are rising up to call her into conditions of virtual slavery. blessed.

Representing years of systematic re- As a lover of little children she is search and careful weighing of the delightfully revealed in that inimita- material collected, the report un- ble magazine for girls and boys, Everyland, and also in the series of doubtedly foreshadows the elimination of slavery and forced labor throughout fascinating booklets for little children. the inhabited world. The Conference discussion of this report is prelimi- It is impossible to do justice in a nary to adoption of an international convention on forced labor." few words to this charming personal- The Council's statement concludes ity, the boundless vision, indomitable as follows: (V01. V-Page 151): "The spirit of good ~iIl and sympathy, ab- Council believes that it is the duty of Christians…. not merely to state the solute ·consecratlOn and keen sense of general principles of the Christian faith, but to make clear their applica- humor possessed by that great soul tion to the problems of human life which arise in the mission field. The and our friend whom we love to call Council calls on all who have felt the "dear Mrs. Peabody." power of the Christian message to join with it. in prayer for a clearer She walks the road of the Loving vision of the meaning of the tasks which the service of their Master im- Heart, hand in hand with the Lord poses upon them in their social and economic relations, and for the grace Jesus, whom she delights to serve in by which these tasks may be more hopefully undertaken." all the ways a woman of her versatile gifts could imagine possible, and in- deed she often accomplishes what the world deems impossible.

The buildings in China, India and Japan, known as the Women's Union Christian Colleges of the Orient the suggestion of which seemed Iik~ the "baseless fabric of a dream," are to- day the lasting proof of her vision courage and steadfast purpose. '

THE WOMAN WE ALL LOVE: Through the National Committee MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY on Law Enforcement, her victorious campaign in the political arena seems An appreciation adopted by The like another dream come true. Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. It was through her persistent ef- forts that the Women's Boards of For- The gracious lady wliom we delight eign Missions learned to cooperate in

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the Triennial Conferences which fin- America and entered the University ally developed into this Federation of of Michigan where she completed the Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions work for the degree of Doctor of Phiof North America. losophy in the department of Biology.

We thank God for Mrs. Peabody While in this country Dr. Wu had and earnestly pray that her life may wide and varied contacts. She was be spared for many years in His serv- President of the Chinese Students' orice. ganization in America, and is conse- quently well known among returned Respectfully submitted, students in China. She addressed the MRS. ERNEST A. EVANS, Federation of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions in Atlantic City in Jan- MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, uary, 1928. She was present at the meeting of the Association of Ameri- MRS. DEWITT KNOX, can Colleges in 1928, and later visited colleges in the east and middle west. Committee. Dr. Wu carries to her new task MISS YI FANG WU Ph.D marked ability, thorough academic preparation, deep devotion to her Alma President Ginling College, Nanking, Mater, and a strong conviction as to China the place and importance of Christian education in China. "If the cause of Fifteen years ago a president of a Christian education is not worth dycollege for women in China was ing for, what is 1" wrote one of the elected. The college had no land, no group of the Ginling alumnre who buildings, no faculty, no students, no risked life and reputation to save the curriculum-nor yet a name! These college during the summer of 1927. were only dreams-and faith and hope This was quoted by Dr. Wu in her and love out of which have come "the public addresses, and expresses the things that are seen" today. spirit and purpose with which she as- sumes her new duties in Nanking. Ginling is one of the oriental colleges for women planned, brought in- One present at the inauguration of to being and carried on through the President Wu at Nanking, November cooperation of Christian women- 3, 1928, writes: women of Europe, Asia and North America. Many have labored and sac- "Mme. Chiang Kai Shek, wife of rificed but perhaps it is to the en- the head of the Nationalist Governthusiasm, determination and untiring ment, was present and spoke briefly, efforts of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody that making a plea for and expressing a we owe as much as to anyone person faith in woman's part in the reconthis successful cooperation. struction of China.

The first oriental woman to become The new president's address was a the head of one of these colleges was brief, clear-cut, forceful statement on Miss Tetsu Yasui, Litt. D., president the purpose of the college. She deof the Woman's Christian College, clared it to be the object of Ginling to Tokyo. Recently in China another preserve the best in the life and culoriental woman accepts the leadership ture of the old China and at the same of one of these colleges-Ginling, at time to do its full part in meeting the Nanking. When it became evident needs of a new day. The address that the administration of education- throughout had a strong note of Chrisal work in China should be in the tian courage and faith. hands of Chinese the Ginling College Board of Control, faculty and alumnre If there are those in whose minds turned to Dr. Yi Fang Wu. the Christian missionary enterprise in China needs an apologetic, provided Dr. Wu is an experienced teacher their minds are open to argument, having been head of the English De- Ginling College alone is sufficient." partment in the Higher Normal School for Girls in Peking for a number of years. In 1922 she came to

AMERICA sions a year. This program is

along almost simultaneously with the Foreign Students' ·Challenge Five-Year Program of the Home Mis- sions Council. ATOTAL of 9,113 students from foreign countries, registered in Increased Presbyterian Gifts 428 institutions of 47 states, represent a challenge in opportunity which the THE Board of Foreign Missions of churches of America cannot possibly the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., overlook. The Friendly Relations which began the fiscal year (April 1, Committee of the Student Y. M. C. A. 1928) with an accumulated deficit of reports that China leads in the Orien- $293,000, is rejoicing over the fact tal group with 1,203, Japan having that the year has been closed with the 814 and India 208. Germany leads deficit paid and the budget requirethe European groups with 360. ments met. Receipts from living donors increased $153,117.67 over A decrease in the number of stu- those of the preceding year. Since dents who come from China, is prob- 1924 such gifts have shown a decrease ably on account of the rising costs in, of $120,000, whereas for the twenty America, as well as because of the years preceding the gifts from the progress in liberal arts education in churches had shown an annual aver- China and the low cost of living in age increase of 10%. Now again there Germany, France and Belgium, whose is an upward trend. In the last three governments have been making special days of the fiscal year the Board reefforts to attract Oriental students. ceived $259,381, a gain of $127,579 over the same period in the previous Churches throughout the country year. located near educational institutions where these students are enrolled Special efforts to reawaken interest should show friendliness in terms of in Foreign Missions have met with hospitality to demonstrate the inner gratifying success, though the invalues of the Christian life, this is of crease in gifts was only 3.8% on total greater value than reams of argu- receipts from living donors. ments. The work of Christian representatives abroad could be lightened There was a cut of $83,000 in the if the students returning from this work in the various mission fields and country carried back a favorable im- in the administrative and promotional pression of American Christianity. work of the Board. The income of United Presbyterian Anniversary $104,000 from the Harkness bequest, the increase in gifts of $153,117, and T HEIR 75th anniversary will come reduced expenditures of $196,329, in 1933. The Home Mission Board, largely in the support of missionaries now called the Board of American whose number decreased by 38, all Missions of the United Presbyterian helped to achieve the gratifying re- Church, Dr. R. A. Hutchison, General suIt. This means that the cut made a Secretary, is planning to organize in year ago can now be restored and rethe five-year period 150 new congre- lief can be given to the reduced numgations in the presbyteries which will ber of missionaries on the field whose mean an average of thirty new mis- strength has been sorely taxed.

558

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"Three Fold Movement" tween three and four preaching points in each. It will be seen, therefore, AN INDEX of the growing religious that the United Church of Canada has occupied new home mission territory fifraternizing of East and West is within two years at more than 1,000 the so-called "Three Fold Movement," points in Canada. the aim of which is to promote peace; and racial, cultural and religious Devolution in the American Board unity. This movement, already active in New York, Boston, Philadel- SE CRE TARY WILLIAM E. phia, London and Dublin, expects to STRONG says that "nearly twoorganize groups in Chicago, Washing- thirds of the Board's missionaries are ton, Baltimore and the south, then to now working where the change has establish branches in Europe. come from the dominance of the mis- sion to the administration of the or- Still more concrete is the plan of ganized church; that is to say, four the India Society of America to estab- hundred out of the six hundred and lish an Indian center near Columbia twenty-eight (full time, life appoint- University, comparable to other cul- ment) missionaries are working under tural homes established by Italians these changed conditions. And by the and Germans. This Society was American Board's annual report for founded in 1924. As early as 1500 1927, $987,000 out of $1,457,000 was Akbar, Mogul emperor, agreed that spent in fields where this transfer of India is especially fitted to lead in re- power is under way." Most of this ligious tolerance. He said, "Whatever change has come to pass in the last be thy religion, associate with those ten or twelve years.-The Congregawho differ from thee. If thou canst tionalist. mix freely with them, and art not angered at hearing their discourse, Bible Bill Defeated thou hast attained peace, and art a veritable master of creation." THE "Bible Bill," which would make compulsory the reading of 10 verses Enthusiasts should remember, how- of Scripture daily in the public schools ever, that complete tolerance is easier of Ohio, has met defeat in the state for a polytheist or pantheist than for assembly. The fate of the bill is bea monotheist. lieved to have been sealed when a statement was presented to the com- Oanadian Home Missions mittee from John L. Clifton, education director, strenuously opposing passage I N THE United Church of Canada of the measure. "It is probable that there are 1,571 fields on the home if a compulsory law on this subject mission list- with 4,368 preaching were enacted it would not be fruitful places. This constitutes about 56 per. of better results than we now are getcent of the preaching points in the ting voluntarily," Mr. Clifton asserted. whole church. Among the religious leaders opposing the passage of the bill were Rev. M. Since the General Council meeting H. Lichliter, Rev. Ralph E. Davis and in June, 1926, 375 fields have been Rabbi Jacob Tarshish of Columbus. taken off the list of aid receiving charges, having reached the status of Thc Colored Y. M. C. A. self support. • THIS department of the association Rearrangement of fields and amal- was founded in 1853 by Anthony gamations of former competitive home Bowen, a colored man who worked in mission charges rendered possible by government service with W. Chauncey a union of the churches are responsible Langdon, the convener of the fi'rst for sixty-five charges reaching self American Convention of the Y. M. C. support during the past year alone.

Within the last two years 285 new fields have been opened by the Home Mission Board with an average of be-

A's., and founder of their first Inter- Revolution and Devolution national Committee. MORE important in its bearing on The first employed secretary of the mission work than the political colored association in Washington, D. revolution in Mexico is the devolution C., was the great leader and pioneer of the National Presbyterian Church of the colored Y. M. C. A's., Dr. Jesse of Mexico. This Church is organized E. Moorland, for many years secretary into a National Synod with three confor that department of the National stituent presbyteries. The Northern Council. The Washington Association Presbytery, which covers the territory recently celebrated the seventy-fifth north of Mexico City, for the past ten anniversary of this branch. years has received no subsidy from the American church, although it has been News From Alaska allowed the use of churches and manses originally given for the work in this MORE children are being born in area. This presbytery has directed Alaska than ever. This means and financed its own work and has increasing need for missionary effort been the strongest of the three presto meet the new age. This the Sheldon byteries composing the synod. The Jackson School at Sitka, is striving to Mexico City Presbytery, which indo through the establishment in the cludes work in the Federal District minds of young people sound principles and the states of Oaxaca and Vera of physical; mental and spiritual Cruz, has asked the mission to turn health. The erection of a new indus- over to it complete responsibility for trial building this coming summer will evangelistic work in the area, and make possible a more intensive edu- from April 1 it has relinquished any cation along those practical vocational subsidies from the Mexican Mission lines so much needed by the native and Church. Thus two of the three Alaskan, if he is to hold his own with presbyteries of the National Synod in his white neighbor. The school does Mexico have achieved the goal of the not consider its work limited to that indigenous church, having become selfof classroom teaching, or even to that supporting, self-propagating, self-govof training these young people in erning bodies.-Women and Missions. Christian ideals, but seeks to lead the entire native community toward better Seven in One Christian living, using its young people of impressionable age in this serv- AN IMPORTANT meeting, recently ice. f t held at Guayama, Porto Rico, con- Haines House is the only institution in all Southeastern Alaska to care for sidered organic union of the Baporphaned and needy children. They tist, Methodist, Disciple, Christian, are taught personal cleanliness, regu- United Brethren and Congregational lar habits, care of their rooms and Churches. Two committees were apgeneral usefulness in the home. Good pointed, one to draw up a statement reading, nature study and work in the of doctrine and discipline; the other garden have created in them an inter- to look up properties and make recomest in the great out-of-doors; and Bi- mendations as to titles, etc. The matble stories and daily talks and prayers ter is now ready to go t. the churches have made Christ real to even the and mission boards. smallest. This promising movement grows out Lack of means of transportation is of continuous cooperation for thirty a difficulty to be overcome, and aviation years. Seven leading denominations will be of increasing value. Native have developed their programs with work in Southeastern Alaska must be a view to the larger interests of the conducted by means of boats, which one essential Christian fellowship. follow the people in their migrations. They divided the territory so that each became solely responsible for the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

area assigned. The island is small an interest which has recently been and it seemed inevitable that migra- demonstrated in Rio de Janeiro also, tion from one part of the island to where a movement for the public dis- the other would eventually create in- cussion of religious questions has terdenominational problems. taken the form of a series of lectures, whereby representatives of the lead- Wisely, therefore, they organized ing religions of the world expound what is known as the Evangelical their views. Union, where accredited represent- atives sit down together and agree EUROPE upon all matters that might otherwise cause difficulties. Under the auspices Helping Distressed Miners of the Evangelical Union is published the Puerto Rico Evangelico, the official SIR Herbert Lewis reported at the organ of all the seven churches repre- annual meeting of the National sented in the organization. The effect Council of the Y. M. C. A., that many of this union effort which produces ladies were working day and night in from one institution its ministers and Welsh Y. M. C. A. centers making from one press its literature could not clothes for the distressed miners' fameasily be overstated. ilies.

New Interest, in Religion The National Council has agreed that all the Y. M. C. A's. in the dis- AMONG the indications of a rising tressed areas shall be used, wherever necessary, as distributing centers for .tl. tide of spiritual interest in South clothes and comforts.

America are two recent meetings held The Y. M. C. A. arranged for the in Buenos Aires, the very center of adoption of 500 miners' families durmaterialistic influence on the con- ing the last Christmas season, and a tinent. One was a gathering of fully number of English Y. M. C. A's. 3.000 people to honor Dr. Ricardo agreed to "adopt" certain Welsh es- Rojas, author of "El Cristo Invisible," pecially needy districts. a much discussed book, in which the following paragraph occurs: Business Dividends for Missions "Christianity has given us the per- T HE fulfilment of the sacred purfect image of a perfect life, the secret pose of a Baptist layman to dediof social and individual happiness; cate his business to the missionary and the man who accepts this secret, cause, has brought to the Baptist Misputting it to the test in his life, has sionary Society a letter and several discovered the only means of serving bank drafts which repre,sent an anonthe world and of satisfying his own ymous gift of £5,633 148. 9d. for the aspirations. I beg of Catholics not to General Fund. This is the thirteenth condemn me as a heretic and of others year in which the available profits of that they do not disdain me as super- this business have been declared as a stitious. The errors which I may have dividend for the service of the Gospel. committed in its doctrines are of far The total sum thus devoted amounts less weight than the sincerity with now to £48,857. The donor desired which I have striven to understand at first to go to the Congo as a the Christian sentiment as the inspira- missionary, but that door not being tion of life." open, he felt that God was leading him to this other way of service. A second meeting was held in the same building by Roman Catholic Lutheran World Convention authorities to celebrate "The Day of the Gospel." Although confessedly ONE of the largest international for the purpose of neutralizing the gatherings ever to assemble in "rapidly growing Protestant influ- Denmark will be held June 26 to July ence," this meeting awakened an in- 4, when the second Evangelical Luterest in the teaching of the Gospel, S

theran World Convention will be held daunted, the colporteur began to speak in Copenhagen. About 125 delegates of the Bible as the common heritage of will represent seventeen countries; all Christians and as the only book conand mission churches in India, China taining the life of our Lord written and Africa will be represented each by those who knew Him personally. by a missionary and a native. Lec- "Surely," he concluded, "the circulatures on Luther's Catechisms will be tion of such a book can do naught but entitled: good."

"What can and must the present "There is much in what you say, my generation do in education to give to son," replied the priest, "and I will the next generation the inherited faith buy one in order to see for myself of our fathers?" "The faith and con- just what it contains," and there and fession of the Church with Augsburg then, in the presence of a number of and Marburg as background," "Lu- his parishioners, he paid the price and ther's view of the world and Chris- went away with the book under his tianity," "The Lutheran church and arm. His example was infectious and social distress," and others. the people began to buy copies for themselves. "I had," says Colporteur Eugene Stock Memorial Campelo, "no small opportunity to ex- plain to them how profitably to read ACOMMITTEE of the Church Mis- the Scriptures."-Bible in the World. sionary Society (London), invites contributions for some memorial of Lutherans in North Siberia Dr. Stock's life and work. They ask for a fund of $15,000: (1) To pro- MANY will be surprised to learn mote the writing and publication from that in this remote northern field time to time of special books that there are 505 German Evangelical might include volumes of missionary churches with a membership of 108,- history and works in connection with 816. These German colonies and the Christian mission in the widest churches in the Siberian Far East sense which would require careful re- have not been enumerated in the censearch. (2) To provide a "Eugene sus. The Lutheran settlements are Stock Bursary" for young men and compact villages, with wide streets, women in training for missionary the houses being built of earth and service in the C. M. S. fields. wood. Until the separation of Church and State, the schoolhouse was also Contributions may be sent to the used as a chapel. Such Protestant General Secretary, C. M. S., Salisbury centers, are an uplifting influence for Square, E. C. 4, London, England. Christ in the midst of non-Christian surroundings.-Moody Bible Institute A Colporteur in Spain Monthly.

T HE province of Leon is one of the German Mohammedans most conservative of Spain. Frequently our colporteurs working there T HE Islam Institute in Berlin issuffer much petty persecution, and sued an order which resulted in sometimes only the exercise of great the formation of a committee of Gertact saves them from actual violence. man Moslems and was organized Jan. 7, 1929. This organization is com- One day in the town of A–, Col- posed of Moslems who are of German porteur Campelo was explaining the nationality and use the German lannature of the Scriptures to a prospec- guage and have joined the Mohamtive buyer, who held the open book in medan religion. They have subscribed his hands, when the parish priest ap- to an agreement whereby in all conpeared. Taking it from the peasant troversies between them and other he said, "The Church, our Mother, has Mohammedans, they will seek and decided that it is not convenient that you should read this book." Nothing

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

obey the advice of an Islamic tribunal. at Kajo Kaji, near the Uganda fron- All of them have adopted Arabic tier; the other farther north in names in place of their baptismal the Dinka country around Rumbeck.

names. The Uganda Mission checked the Since the establishment of the spread of Islam in Central Africa Soviet regime in Russia, many Mo- nearly fifty years ago, and now its en- hammedans have left the country. croachments through Tanganyika are Some have migrated to Esthonia, being met by reenforcements from where at present they number 250-300 Australia. The weak spot is in the souls. The number of those who re- southern Sudan, since Islam in north- moved to Finland amounts to about ern Sudan is spreading southward 950. among the pagans. This would result in government offices being filled by AFRICA Moslems, all of whom are propagan- Encouraging Growth dists of their faith. If the Christian FROM all parts of Africa come en- forces go forward now Christian men couraging news of the growth of will be trained for government servthe Christian Church,-notably from ice, and new links will be forged Nigeria, the Camerouns, the Ivory in the chain of Christian missions Coast, Nyassaland, the Congo, Ugan- throughout Africa.

da, Kavirondo, Kenya, and Angola. The Leipzig Mission has stations in The Drum Call to Church T the African Alps near Mt. Kilimand- WO hours before the morning serv- ice in the Cameroons, the people jaro. In 1927 there were 1,400 heathen baptized and at present 3,000 are begin to throng the great tent-like under instruction. Though the Chris- church building of thatch and bark tian membership is 13,000 the average and bamboo. Nearby the drum sounds attendance at church services is 15,- the call to church: "Bote bese, bOte 000. There are 11,000 children in the bese, za'an, za'an, za'an." "Everybody, 126 mission schools with 220 native everybody, everybody, come. Anyone teachers. The English Baptist Mis- who has a brother, come. Anyone who sion on the Congo has 36,928 church has a brother come. Bring your broth- members and 28,791 pupils in its 1,022 er, bring your brother. Everybody, schools. Its 14 hospitals are manned come."

by 5 physicians, 7 trained nurses, and The crowds enter the church, many 63 native assistants. These hospitals of the women with babies in the sling treated 250,466 natives last year and shoulder strap-the doe, the men most- performed 1,039 surgical operations! ly clothed neatly. By actual count, Advance in the Sudan over 5,100 were in the main church and 1,700 in an overflow meeting in T HE government at Khartum has another buildir.g; 6,800 in church at- for many years recognized the tendance that Sunday morning.-From value of Christian missions, and by The Drum Call..

a policy of grants to mission schools furthers the cause of civilization. En- The Call of Africa S circling the mission stations is a OMEONE has said, "Africa will yet be one of the brightest gems in series of "bush schools," staffed by native teachers, but under mission su- the crown of Immanuel." Today pervision. These have proved valuable there are said to be a total of eighty evangelizing centers from which boys millions of Pagans in Africa, and un- are passed to elementary instruction, der the British flag there are thirty- and are prepared for teaching in the five millions still pagan in the vernacular schools. The government continent.

is now asking the Church Missionary The Christian Church is responsible Society to open two new schools, one for the larger number. The World's

Redeemer, in His great intercessory Christ; in a region northwest of this prayer, fervently asked that "The 464 have been brought into the seven world may know that Thou hast sent churches of the synod; at the Ambo- me, and hast loved them as thou hast himanjaka church 223.

loved me." His last command was, Most remarkable of all has been the "Go ye into all the world and preach experience of the Tsarasaotra church, the Gospe1." -a flickering, feeble light in a group A large tract of country on the of villages as loathsome as any in Northern escarpment of the Mavura- heathendom. When Mr. Gale visited donna Mountains in the Upper Zam- this church eight years ago so indif- besi Valley, situated in the extreme ferent were the people that not one northern part of South Rhodesia, and came to hear him in spite of repeated adjacent to Portuguese East Africa, personal invitations. The visitation is absolutely untouched by missionary has renewed the life of this hopeless effort, and the people are steeped in church, bringing to it an addition of ignorance and superstition. over four hundred applicants for mem- Volunteers are wanted for that bership who are now under instruc- country to start mission work and tion.

open a station in this district. Apply Now, in answer to earnest prayer, to the Zambesi Industrial Mission, 11, there have been at least four thousand Chapel-street, Milton-street, London, brought into the churches of the An- E.C. jozorobe district, and the most novel Evangelizing Madagascar fact is that the work has been done by native Christians themselves.

A REMARKABLE movement for the evangelization of Madagascar WESTERN ASIA is described in World Dominion by Is Islrun Retreating?

M the Rev. Kendall Gale of the Lon- USTAPHA KEMAL is said to have concluded that "the doctrine don Society. "In our district were twenty thousarid 'adherents' and less of Islam is incompatible with reform."

than two thousand church members" Among the steps taken to reduce its and beyond this crust of nominal influence may be mentioned the abo- Christianity was the great mass of lition of the caliphate, secularization heathen. It was determined to organ- of education, adoption of monogamy, "ize a hut-to-hut visitation. All pastors of the Swiss civil code and the Italian and teachers together with two or penal code; of the Gregorian calendar tl-.i'ee leaders from each of the thirty- and of the Latin alphabet. Today, four churches were to go forth in a each mosque has but one imam, nomi- body visiting every place. The natives nated by the government and receiv- were astonished to see a hundred or ing from Angora the text of his ser- more strangers entering their village mons.

at one time. Bible reading and prayer in every house and personal conversa- Turkey Back to Normal T tion with every individual not already AKRIRI-SUKUM is a law enacted in Turkey four years ago, putting an avowed Christian was the program. What have been the results? special power in the hands of the gov- In the Isoavina district 3,177 per- ernment for a period of time, for the sons have either been received into purpose of safeguarding the National church fellowship or are in instruction Assembly and the public against in- classes on probation. Other districts trigue. This law has now been abol- report similarly encouraging results. ished, and it is interesting to note In the dark Anativolo tribe there have some of its achievements in the sta- been already 544 baptisms; in another bilization of Turkey. It was during part of the Anjozorobe district 781 this period that the final emancipation have made a definite surrender to of women from social slavery took

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

place. Except in a few cases where en with homes in the villages of the the experience of full freedom turned Lebanon.

their heads, the great majority of As the two centers under the care Turkish women, both in villages and of the Near East Committee are so in the cities, have rightly filled their different in background and environ- respective places in the family, in so- ment, it has been decided to dissolve ciety and in earning their living hon- the Near East Committee and to work orably. for the development of separate com- The separation of religion from the mittees in Syria and Turkey.-Y. M.

state and politics was also achieved. C. A. Ne10s Service.

Citizens are left free in their beliefs and consciences, and their faith is A MOJlleD1 Bible Picture T freed from the entanglements of tem- HE attitude of Moslems to the Christian message is undergoing a poral affairs. As no one would be able to interfere with the beliefs and wor- great change. The political upheav- ship of any citizen, so no one shall als since the war, the rise of na- be able to meddle with the laws of tionalism, reform movements in social the Grand National Assembly or with life, and most of all a desire for higher the safety and honor of any private ethical standards, have caused changes citizen. Moreover, the door is now in the world of thought and life that fast closed to the use of religion for are startling. Formerly, for example, political pUrposes. the Koran was read in Arabic, trans- The new Turkish characters were lations were forbidden. In Turkey no also accepted during this period. Be- less than seveE translations of the sides the thousands who learned them Koran have appeared in recent years, immediately, today more than a mil- and Albania, one of the most progres- lion men and women attend national sive lands in the Balkans, has also its schools to learn these new Turkish new Koran translation.

characters. But the most important As early as 1921 the progressive result is the establishment of a power- Moslems issued a translation in their ful democratic government in the con- own vernacular, based not on the fidence of the people. Arabic original, but on Sale's English translation. The book was printed in Y. W. C. A. in the Near East Roumania, is dedicated to the Albanian TIMES have greatly changed in the immigrants of North America, and old Turkish Empire and it is ob- the Latin character is used through- vious that there is no future for out, instead of the usual Arabic char- real Y. W. C. A. membership in Tur- acter.

key. There are however great oppor- On the cover is a picture of the tunies for social work in the training Kaaba at Mecca, with its thousands of Turkish women and girls for the of worshipers. In the text is one of service of their country, and this is the old Bible pictures copied without being done in the service centers at permission. The title given with the Stamboul and Pera where a large picture may be translated as follows: number of girls are taking up physi- "The Prophet Mohammed on liis way cal training and health work, as well to Medina, accompanied by Khalid and as commercial and professional posts. AbuBekr." This familiar wood cut In Syria, on the other hand, the as- really represents Christ and two dis- sociation is on a definite Christian ciples on their way to Emmaus.

basis, and enjoys the interest and help Even as the editor of this Albanian of the Christian churches. Its work Koran, desirous of glorifying Moham- is focussed round the service center med, draws him in colors taken from in Beirut. Many members are school a Christian paint box, so the Moslem girls of the British, Syrian and Amer- world today is unconsciously appro- ican schools; others are married wom- priating Christ. The leading poet of

Cairo, Shauky Bey, in his nationalist sober truth; for a leper loses his home, poetry, reverts again and again to the his family, his friends, his associalife and character of Jesus Christ. tions." The Azhar University itself has purchased and is using hundreds of copies What a priceless boon a home is to of the Bible for the study of compara- these wandering outcast poor. In 1867 tive religion. The Albanian Koran is the famous Moravian Leper House was another illustration that Christ can- opened in Jerusalem, and there the not be hid, that Islam is moving, and lepers of Palestine are housed, and fed that now is the time for us to press and tended. Within its airy rooms our advantage and preach Christ and their wounds and disfigurements are Him crucified to the world of Islam. cared for with gentle touch, and they sleep in comfort and in peace; in its Bibles for Palestine Hotels trim garden they take their exercise and do their wholesome work. The UNTIL recently, the "Gideons" lim- door is onen to every race and creed: ited their activities to the United and to afl, by word and by unselfish, States and Canada, with some self-sacrificing service, the sisters and work in Great Britain. In 1926, Mr. the chaplain and the doctor show the M. L. Swinehart was enjoined to see love of Christ. what contracts could be made in the Orient for p'lacing Bibles in the hotels Pity for the poor and the outcast is of that area. Since then many hotels always uppermost in the mind of a of Japan and China have been sup- missionary; it must be so, because plied, while in Korea each hotel room the Spirit of the Master is in him; contains a Bible. and so our missionaries have taken on themselves the care of the lepers in Encouraged by this success, the their field.-Moravian Missions. Gideons, at their international convention in 1928, decided to make an The Danish Tent Mission effort to reach out into the Near East. Palestine and Transjordania have DR. MARIE HOLST, a Danish twenty-four hotels catering to tour- girl, who conducted a little hosists, with a total of 1,196 rooms, and pital on the edge of Afghanistan to now Bibles have been placed in each reach with the Gospel the hearts of of these rooms, except those used for the Pathan and Afridi frontiersmen, Jews and for Mohammedans only. founded the Danish Tent Mission in The first hotel proprietor approached northwest India. Dr. Holst was killed in Jerusalem remarked that only the nearly ten years ago, being run down day before two guests had inquired in the nighttime by a wild-driving for Bibles, and readily agreed to re- Afghan. The Pathans on the Indian ceive a copy for each room. side of the frontier are like. the Pathans of the Afghanistan side, and Working for the Lepers the very best way to evangelize the latter country is to build up a body AMONG the common people in Pales- of Pathan Christians and evangelists .tltine lepers go by the name of "The to enter the closed land. The mission Poor." is Danish and therefore not associated in the minds of the people with the "To us, poverty simply means ab- government of India. The Moslems sence of money. The Oriental of Pal- have besought the mission to continue estine knows a worse form of poverty its work on account of its skilled med- -leprosy. A man may have as many ical care of them.-S. S. Times. talents of gold as Naaman the Syrian; and yet he would be regarded as poor INDIA if he is a leper. Evidently it is accepted that, while other affiictions may Bookshop Mission leave something to a man, leprosy leaves him nothing. And this is the APROMISING piece of evangelistic work has just been begun in

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bombay in the form of a Christian states of Rewah and Korea, both of Bookshop. This is situated near the which are closed to Christian missionheart of the Moslem quarter of the aries. city, and is used as a center for colportage. Newspapers, both secular World's Student Conference and religious, are kept on the tables, and people are forming the habit of DELEGATES from nineteen coundropping in to read them, and to talk tries, and students and visitors with the workers. The stock includes from other Indian cities met recently Scriptures in many languages, includ- at Mysore to consider student probing Arabic, and also the publications lems, with the Maharaja as host. The of the Nile Mission Press. theme of the conference was "Christ in the Lives of His Followers." Dr. The Service Microbe Mott gave a resume of outstanding achievements and pointed out a vision DR. DATTA of the Indian Y. M. C. of expanding creative work that lies A. once said: "Before India is ahead, such as new emphasis on inready for self-government she needs ternational student service; help for thirty years' training in service." destitute students; hospitality to This is what the boys of Trinity Col- those who study in other countries lege at Kandy, Ceylon, are learning. than their own; and guidance in self- Service is a germ, and must be help. caught. It is the only effective protection against class strife, factional After the meetings, the delegates jealousy and kindred evils. attended the Quadrennial Conference of the two student movements, one for The Social Service Union of Trinity men and one for women of India, College sends members every after- Burma and Celyon; and also visited noon to help in the little dispensary; several student centers, being everyothers teach games to night school where received most cordially. . boys while yet others hold classes in prisons. In addition, bands like Boy Near Riot at Conference Scouts go visiting about the town with medicine chests, or go with magazines THE Quadrennial Student Christian and writing pads to the hospitals and Conference at Madras was the first write letters home for the patients. joint conference of men and women in Because these boys take off their coats India, but women leaders from Europe and work, people listen to what the were cautious and kept the men off sCllool has to say on slum conditions, the premises except during actual and reform. One of the rules of the meeting hours. The men at last served Union is that the boys must fit them- notice that unless this policy was selves for wise, efficient service. changed they would boycott all the rest of the meetings. Although it had Two New Stations been announced as a joint conference, Bible and discussion groups had been THE National Missionary Society kept separate, and they wanted joint of India hopes to extend its activi- discussions. The European leaders ties in two new centers this year. One explained that they had been conservis in Nautanwa, on the border of the ative out of consideration for shy independent state of Nepal, closed to Indian girls, whereupon all the Indian all white men. It is a very difficult, women leaders proposed to meet with yet hopeful field. Nepal will be the all women delegates, with no Eurofirst foreign mission field to be occu- peans present, to find out just what pied by the National Missionary So- was wanted. All present voted for ciety, and will be under the care of joint discussions and singing groups, the U. P. Provincial Committee. and expressed themselves generally as in favor of more freedom.-Mission- Murwahi is the other new center to ary Herald. be occupied, and lies near the native

Mela at Dhul1a CHINA T HE Swedish Alliance Mission in Changing Conditions East and West Khandesh recently celebrated its first 25 years at Dhulia DR. ROBERT H. GLOVER says and a Mela was held with the cocpera- that the China of thirty years, or tion of the Scandinavian and Meth- even twenty years ago, is no more, odist Protestant Missions. and both country and people are tak- ing new aspects. New transportation At least a dozen major languages systems, new industries, new dress were used in the meetings, suggestive and etiquette, new social, moral and of the universal appeal of the Gospel educational ideas are everywhere in message. Sadhu Sundar Singh spoke evidence; while a drastically different in Hindustani, which was understood political system is being tried out. by many and the summary of the talks That all this is a gain from the miswas translated into Marathi. Sadhuji sionary point of view does not necesgave three main addresses, two to the sarily follow. Seeing on a recent visit Christians and one mainly for non- a richly decorated Buddhist temple, Christians. His messages were sim· lighted by electricity, its stately pilpIe and straightforward. To the lars of finest Oregon pine, and a Christians he emphasized the need of family of devout worshippers arriving living more according to the light we in a handsome limousine and dressed profess to' have. To the non-Chris- in the latest western style was but a tians, he told his early experiences reminder that civilization with all its which led him to accept Christ as his concomitants is not a solution of Saviour, and emphatically emphasized China's needs, while superstition and that only in Jesus will they ever real- idolatry still rule the hearts of the ize peace. people. On the contrary, it is possible that these innovations may make the New Type of Mission people less susceptible to the Gospel message. However, in the wake of all B HABUA Mission is unique in in- this upheaval an opportunity, full of digenous experiments in India. possibilities, is presented. Rev. Nabidad Khan, the new superintendent, has definitely set his face to- China's New Attitude ward a purely Indian organization, instead of building up a work pat- ADJUSTMENT to outside influence terned along Foreign Mission lines. There are four centers where work f t is China's new attitude, rather will be carried on, all within a few miles of Bhabua, where the superin- than assimilation, according to Dr. tendent will live, while three assist- Frank Rawlinson, who writes from ants will reside within bicycling Shanghai. In the long past China has distance, living Indian fashion and often had intercourse with outside conducting schools and ashrams. peoples and religions. Her response, There will be no attempt to cover to whatever of influences came therelarge areas, but it is hoped to bring with, was to assimilate them. The Christian thought to bear upon the assimilation of Buddhism is perhaps life of the community, so that each the readiest illustration of this earlier home and school may become a radiat- and long-enduring motive. But China ing center. is now doing something different from just assimilating certain outside in- No foreign money goes into this fluences. For the first time in her experiment, the only definite Chris- history she is now seeking to become tian force at work in this "territory. adjusted to other modes of thought It is entirely supported by funds con- and conduct. From this motive are tributed through the churches in springing all kinds of programs. India and Burma.-Indian Witness. What comes from the outside will not, it is true, be taken en bloc. To that

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

extent the new motive is combined This incident of the dismissal was in with the old one. itself something new in China.

But unfortunately the Revolution These Christians have not been sehas decimated modern trained leaders. lected because they are Christians, The statistical report of a prominent but be~ause they are best qualified for Christian organization reveals this the positions, proving the emergence fact and shows that the causes are ex- of Christian influence. eeedingly complex. Another organ- ization recently needed a minimum of A Bandit Chief on Christianity 35 secretaries and had not a single one ready to fill the need. The dif- I N THE Ungkung field, South China, ficulty appears to be not lack of place highway robberies, housebreaking, and method for training, but inability and a general reign of terror seemed to hold the workers when trained. the familiar course of events during the first few months of 1928. One Christian Oflieials day fifteen men were captured by armed bandits and carried off into the OF THE ten cabinet ministers who mountains. Among the group was one head the ten departments of the Christian. Mr. Lewis tells that the NationaIist Government, seven are Christian offered to be shot twice for Christians, and two of the seven each of the other fourteen, if they were former 'Y. M. C. A. secretaries. might be set free. When the bandit One of these two is H. H. Kung, a di- chief was finally persuaded of the rect descendant of Confucius, now Christian's sincerity he called him to Minister of Industry, Commerce, and him, refreshed him with tea, and sent Labor; the other is C. T. Wang, Min- him home with an armed escort. The ister of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Wang sequel is also told by Mr. Lewis: "A Chung-hui, Minister of War, is the few months later I was invited to a son of a native pastor. In addition, special dinner at which time this ban- 150 Y. M. C. A. secretaries in China dit chief, then an official in the reguhave been called into government of- lar army, sat at the table with me. In fice-national, provincial, or local. his table conversation he very earnest- One Christian family, that of a Chi- ly and openly declared that there was nese Methodist minister, has made an no hope for China unless the Chinese amazing record. This is the Soong could be transformed and made· over family. Two of the daughters were by becoming Christians. At the time educated at Wesleyan College in Geor- I,thought it was nothing but words of gia. The younger married Sun Yat flattery, so common in China, but lat- Sen, and as his widow, marched north- er learned of the experience that he ward with the Nationalist forces, so had had with this simple but earnest beloved and influential that she was Christian. I am wondering if someknown as the "Queen of the Kuo Ming thing is not at work within his own Tang." H. H. Kung, just mentioned heart to change him, in the very way as one of the cabinet ministers, mar- concerning which he spJke."-Watchried the older sister. T. V. Soong, a man Examine.

brother, is Minister of Finance.

The youngest sister of the family Progress Under Diflieulties L married President Chiang Kai-Shek. OOKING out on the vista of China as a whole, one feels a general un- She is a woman of unusual ability, and was mentioned for the mayor of certainty as to the future, yet, among Nanking. The previous mayor, Mr. the common people, there is a wist- Lu, was dismissed from office because fulness and openness that caUs loudhe married and spent $10,000 on his ly for increased evangelistic work.

wedding at a time when there was China has again, "struck her tents, great general poverty and distress. and is once more on the move"-and

whither? No one seems able to an- perfect bow not fully drawn. He needs swer this. It is surely for us to go on the power which will draw him to a quietly, yet aggressively, with our tes- religious solitude detached from this timony-with zeal, prayer, and endur- world in the lonely presence of God, ance, passing on, pressing on, to the from which he will speed into the unevangelized parts. world of service with vigor and en- thusiasm. What he needs is excess, Moving through the greater part of for he has too much of moderation; the province of Kiangsi during the personal religion, for he has too much year, one noticed the demolition of of a social gospel …… The depth and city walls, the building of motor roads height of human brotherhood will not and public parks, the widening of city be reached without the religious homostreets, the increased introduction of geneity of a world God-consciousness rickshas, the manufacture of straw that Christianity alone can give. hats, electric torches, and new kinds of dress material, and among some of JAPAN-CHOSEN the younger women, bobbed hair and shorter skirts, and among the men, Christian Inftuence in Education the "Dr. Sun style" of dress, with a large increase of walking sticks, ther- rfHJi:RE are only five universities in mos flasks, toothbrushes, cosmetics, and foreign drugs! There is a de- Japan and three of these have cided movement to use goods made in Christian presidents. The other two China. presidents have Christian wives.

Generally the Christians and their Mr. Hirotsu, a Christian evangelist, leaders are more mature, steadier, recently told us that he had been exsturdier, wiser, less dependent on for- pelled from a government normal eigners, with more initiative, yet school as a young man because he manifesting full love for the foreign would not give up his Christian prinmissionaries. Some of us feel that ciples. On a recent trip through revival is near. Forgetting the things Hiroshima and Yamaguchi Ken he that are behind, let us press on with was twice asked to give Christian more simplicity and devotion.-Wil- talks in normal schools. It is reported liam Taylor. that the Minister of Education has issued orders that students wishing Chri5tianity and Confucianism to study Christianity must not be in- terfered with. Dr. Peeke was recently ~~THERE seems to be no effort suf- invited to speak in a large government ficient to galvanize Confucianism girls' school, and gave a straight Gos- pel talk, for over an hour, to a thouas a religion into life, …… nor will sand students and fifty teachers. A any attempt be sufficient to rejuvenate new day seems to be dawning in Japan Confucianism by giving it a more ade- for the Christian Church. quate religious and metaphysical basis." J. M. JOHNSTON, Baiko Jo Gakuin, Shimonoseki. Professor T. C. Chao writes thus in The International Review of Missions Modern Miracles in Japan and says that as a religion it may be said to have died, but that as a system THE following story is told by Mr. of ethics it will not only continue to Dyer in Warld Dominion. live, but may, in conjunction with "The Books of Eternity alone can Christianity, provide the strong force reveal the number of those who have which China needs in her tremendous met with Christ in our Mission Hall evolution. Confucianism may find in Kobe. Let me recount but one Christianity its own source of life, instance as representative. and Christianity may see in Confucianism its agent of truth. The Confu- "Early in the year a woman was cian is like the perfect arrow on a drawn into the service under a great burden, and was filled with an over- whelming sorrow because of the prof-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ligacy and sin of her husband. Christians are naturally cut off from Finding the burden of her husband's non-Christian fellowships. immorality insupportably heavy she made the round of pilgrimages to cer- Women have equal voting power tain temples, earnestly praying for his with men, serve on church committees reformation. Feeling that some sac- and as delegates to Synod.-Church rifice might add merit to her prayers Missiona1"lj Outlook. she cut off her hair and laid it as an offering before the gods. But no an- Prohibition for Soldiers swer was vouchsafed. At one of the temples she stood in mid-winter in LAST year Lieut.-General Tchiji inicy water, and pouring it over her troduced Prohibition in his divibody she sought to atone for the sins sion of the Japanese Imperial Army. of her husband, and wrest an answer He sums up his reasons and the refrom the unwilling gods. Finding that sults as follows: no such happy results followed she resolved to end the unequal struggle I believe the military profession by suicide. The night on which she stands for the training of good citizens, entered the Mission Hall was the last as well as good soldiers, and drinking before she intended to take her life. in any form is detrimental to such train- As she listened to the Gospel she felt ing. I am also convinced from practical the need for her own salvation. She observation that drink is a prolific cause met Christ for the first time, and by of many crimes, quarrels, offenses, faith kneeling before Him she saw in wranglings, and petty thieving. I felt, the Cross, the way of pardon, purity therefore, that it was my duty to wipe and peace. Returning home she un- out entirely every sort of alcoholic drink. folded the story to her husband. Surprised at the change in his wife, he I caused the officers of the medical too came into contact with the living corps to prepare temperance pamphlets, Christ Whose word brought forgive- posters and other prohibition literature, ness; whose power wrought a mighty had these distributed in each officer's transformation. Now restored to each barracks, and the contents taught to the other, they are together seeking to men. follow in His footsteps." The results were something surpris- Ohurch Life in Ja.pa.n ing; crimes, violations of rules, and even diseases considerably decreased. JAPAN is well ahead of any modern The Twelfth Infantry Regiment finally mission field in church organization. wiped out all alcoholic drinks from their One notices, too, the reverence of the canteen. The Second Engineering Batworshippers. It is considered very talion followed the same example. One bad form to fidget during a service, of the far-reaching effects of the Army or turn the head when late comers Prohibition seems to be that when those enter. There is also a bond of fellow- who serve in the Army return, they reship which is very real. The newer turn with Temperance ideas and pracchurches are built with a good sized tices beneficial to their fellow-citizens. vestibule where greetings may be exchanged after the service, without Where Bible Study Is Popular undue chatter in the place of prayer. Sometimes a whole congregation will T o MAKE it possible for farmers adjourn after morning service to some to attend, the Men's Bible Institute beautiful spot for a "welcome" meet- of Pyenyang, under the Presbyterian ing, having a picnic lunch and then Church, U. S. A., was held during the gather for the evening service. Such three winter months. The last Instigatherings have their value, since tute enrolled 152 men, all church of- ficers or Sunday-school teachers, vary- ing in age from 20 to 50 years. Many came at great personal sacrifice and in spite of opposition. At Kangkei, one college graduate, three middle school graduates and five who have studied in middle school were included among those that studied in the Bible Insti- tute this year; the total enrollment being thirty. One man walked four miles each way every day to study in

the Institute, and another five. It clergy, I venture to think, recognize was in the dead of winter and the mercury twenty to thirty degrees be- this fully." • low zero. These two men would arrive each morning frosted like a wedding What we have done in the islands cake. is pathetically inadequate as compared The chief event this winter at Syen Chun was the "Big Class," the Bible with the need. To have quickened class for the men of the Presbytery. After the division of the Presbytery Catholicism and to haVe set us a rivalinto two a few years ago, for a time the numbers gathering for this class ry in good works is commendable; in Syen Chun, were smaller than in the old days before the division. On but there is a vast unmet need-notthat account it was decided that the women also should be allowed to at- ably among the Mohammedans of the tend it. Since they have a class of their own in April, only a few have southern islands who are more open to availed themselves of the privilege, but this year's class proved to be the Christian approach than perhaps any largest in· the history of Syen Chun. The total enrollment was 1,300, only other group within Islam.-The Contwo hundred of whom were women. The attendance upon the night meet- gre gationalist. ings exceeded two thousand, and many were turned away for lack of room. Cooperation in Hawaii ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC T HE Friend, published in Honolulu, tells of an experiment being tried Protestant Work in the Philippines in Hawaii to unify the Christian churches of different races. In Koloa, THE Catholic Student's Mission in- the English-speaking church joins vestigation of the situation in the with the Japanese, Filipinos and na- Philippines, says: "By founding hos- tive Hawaiians in a United Church. pitals and dispensaries for the poor, This has a standing committee COII!- secondary and industrial schools in posed of the pastors and lay reprethe more important towns, and sentatives of the constituent bodies. splendidly equippej 'dormitories' for Each racial church continues to have students at Manilla, the Protestant its own officers and to conduct its own missions are doing a work of positive work. The pastors are co-pastors of importance and value with which the the united body, whose standing comchurch in the Philippines has to reck- mittee chooses one of them to be the on." presiding officer. One advantage of the plan is that the young people of The Catholic Historical Review the different races are afforded opporsometime ago commented thus: "The tunities for religious training in the Protestant sects have not been with- English language–the one that they out a quickening influence on Cathol- know best-without severing connec- ICIsm, for they have aided the tion with the churches of their establishment of the church on the parents, and thus dividing families. American basis, and the correction of undesirable conditions which had GENERAL grown up during the Spanish control. World's Student Officers The competition has served a good end for Catholicism, for it has put it on T HE General Committee of the its mettle in a way it might never World's Student Christian Federahave been without it. The American tion has elected the following officers: Chairman, Mr. Francis P. Miller. Vice-Chairmen, Dr. T. Z. Koo and MIle S. de Dietrich. Trea-surer, Mr. Hugh Martin.

The members of the new Executive Committee are: Miss Margaret Holmes. Pastor Hanns Lilje. Miss Gertrude L. Rutherford. Prof. Rinshiro Ishikawa. Mr. David R. Porter. Mr. Max Yergan.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Scholarship of Missionaries' Sons poses to call a world-wide religious peace conference, made up of men and PROFESSOR ELLSWORTH women of ability, interest and the be- HUNTINGDON, research associ- lief that religion offers the only means ate at Yale University, has written an of establishing permanent peace. article in which he analyzes information concerning graduates of Harvard A preliminary Conference held in and Yale. The investigation was quite Geneva in September, 1928, was atwide, but one item concerns the repu- tended by 189 delegates, who agreed: tation for scholarship and success in later life of these graduates. He says: To form an Executive Committee of 70 "Harvard's and Yale's most represent- to have charge of all details. ative students and successful graduates are sons of missionaries. Sons To form a World Committee of 1,000, of professors are second, and sons of which will constitute the Conference ministers are third." His conclusions when it meets. are based upon prolonged and accurate investigation and are rather surpris- To hold a World Conference in 1930, ing, especially the first item, since if PQssible. sons of missionaries are usually so lacking in funds that they must work A Devilish Traffic their own way through college. I NTERNATIONAL immoral traffic A Deserved Ohristmas Greeting in women and children is still car- ried on to an amazing extent by some EVEN Christians are too little of the supposedly enlightened nations. aware of the nobility of our mis- The League of Nations is working to sionaries. We gladly reprint an edi- eradicate the evil, and already has setorial note from the Watchman Exam- cured some safeguards for intended iner. victims. But much remains to be done. A tract issued by the American Joyful and enthusiastically our mis- Social Hygiene Association, written sionaries are giving themselves to the by Bascom Johnson, Director of Ingreatest and noblest work of the Church vestigations, reveals this terrible sitof Christ. They have left home and uation: loved ones at the command of the Captain of their Salvation. These fine, It shows that women and girls, adults strong, cultured, upstanding men and and minors, are being taken from Europe women have chosen the sacrificial life. to Central and South America and to They are to be congratulated. Their Northern Africa into a bondage worse loved ones and friends are to be con- than death. Every sort of trickery and gratulated. The churches in which they bribery is employed in this nefarious were reared are to be congratulated. It business. Inadequate laws, a low state is the duty of those who remain at home of public opinion, the licensing of prostito pray constantly for their representa- tution, as well as economic depression, tives on the battle line, to familiarize poverty, low wages, and depraved homes, themselves with their work and to see are factors entering into the problem. to it that they are generously supported. Human vultures, male and female, fatten They are worthy of the best that we can on the horrible traffic. The ancient give them. God bless them and prosper greed for gain is very modern. The them in their noble work. drink traffic is closely allied to this trade in women and children, as it is allied to Looking Toward Peace all other evil things. It is eminently worth while to note that this trained T HE Church Peace Union is an body of experts has so closely linked the American organization founded by drink traffic with this abomination, and Andrew Carnegie. Its twenty-nine also that it has made the unqualified findtrustees represent all the prominent ing that the existence of licensed houses, religions of America-Jews, Catholics instead of maintaining public order and and Protestants. In the belief that preventing the spread of the black plague conditions of today threaten the whole of social disease, "is undoubtedly an instructure of the race, the Union pro- centive to this traffic in women and chil- dren, both national and international." But how is God going to forgive us for so long permitting so dreadful an iniquity to flourish and to destroy so many thou- sands of His children?

OOI(S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Near East and American Philanthropy. cial groups, scout masters and athletic A survey by Frank A. Ross, C. Luther directors. There is a good bibliogra- Fry and Elbridge Sibley. 8 vo. 308 phy and a list of proficiency require- pp. $3.50. New York. 1929. ments. The worship suggestions are elevating but not distinctly Christian. This survey of problems of the Near East, related to American philanthro- The City's Church. By H. Paul Douglass. py, studies conditions in Armenia, 12 mo. 244 pp. $1.50 cloth, 75c paper. Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, New York. 1929. Mesopotamia, Palestine and Syria in order to discover and recommend ways In a striking preface Dr. Douglass, in which the poverty and backwardness of these countries can best be who is associated with the Institute helped by American gifts and service. of Social and Religious Research, de- It is especially timely on account of scribes a city church as seen today the closing of the Near East Relief from an overtowering modern office and the establishment of the Golden building. The church and the min- Rule movement. The recommenda- isters look insignificant in comparison. tions include more cooperation with They are insignificant and powerless local governments, less institutional- in the contest with commercialism, ism and more general and specific mass worldliness and sin unless they have education. The authors of this volume are studying the subject from a the one thing that will bring victory philanthropic, rather than from a -the life of God in their message and Christian missionary point of view, service. therefore they do not consider schools, orphan asylums and hospitals as dis- Dr. Douglass has written an intertinctly missionary institutions. It is a valuable collection of facts. pretation that is, in many respects, a classic on the subject. With a broad Character Building Through Recreation. knowledge of city and church life, he By Kenneth L. Heaton. 12 mo. 230 shows the struggles of the church pp. Chicago. 1929. under the changing conditions. He shows the supreme need for God and all that His Church stands for in the midst of the devitilizing forces of modern city life. "The city Christian Play, social fellowship, athletics, must be thrice born." Dr. Douglass clubs and various games of the right devotes a chapter to "The Persistence sort all help to form and strengthen of Faith Through Change." This character but some of the greatest persistence is true of some but how characters in history have been made many lose their faith and go down to with few or none of these modern spiritual ruin in the vast city maelforms of recreation. Character is strom? The city church is of many based on convictions and is a moral types, rich and poor, large and small, quality that can be strengthened but alive and dead. It is clear that power not formed by recreation, however is not proportioned to wealth or size helpful. or physical equipment. Dr. Douglass Thi! little volume is full of good gives glimpses of various types-in suggestions to leaders of church so- prosperity and adversity, in the down- 574 town section and in the suburbs. He average membership of these churches asks "Can the city church survive?" is 327. Thirty-three activities are and shows that it can if its leaders listed as part of the program of one have spiritual vitality enough to meet or more churches. No study of the exceptional problems. Dr. Douglass subject of the city church is complete appeals for closer cooperation among without this great volume of infor- Protestant churches and shows the mation.

steps already taken. Finally he de- The Crowded Ways. By Charles Hatch scribes his conception of "A well Sears. 12 mo. 193 pp. $1 cloth, 60c churched city"-one that is the result, paper. New York. 1929. not of chance and independent enterprise, but that is the product of a well Here is a study-an interpretation ordered plan of unselfish and intelli- -of the people who make up a great gent cooperative planning and a wise or small city. Dr. Sears, who is a expenditure of money and effort. native of New York and who has been general secretary of the New The bibliograph in this volume is York City Baptist Mission Society for full and well selected. It lists twenty- twenty-five years, gives a most ineight books on the city, surveys and teresting and impressive picture of studies, types of churches, problems the effect of the modern city on inand church cooperation. dividuals and the community. He The Church in the Changing City. By H. looks at the city church and what it is Paul Douglass. 8 vo. 453 pp. $4. doing and able to do to help individ- New York. 1927. uals overcome adverse conditions.

1,000 City Churches. By H. Paul Doug- Here is a very productive study of a lass. 8 vo. 380 pp. $4. New York. city development and concepts, of the 1926. effect of urban life on men, women These two volumes are invaluable and children, of counteracting influ- ease studies. The first tells the stories ences in a city and of forces that ·of fifteen separate churches in differ- may remake a city and its inhabitants.

.ent cities, of different denominations It is worth reading, not for the plans .and under varying conditions. The proposed so much as for the incentive :studies report the age and sex of the it gives to give the Gospel of Christ constituents, the nature of the neigh- more adequately and earnestly to the borhood, the homes from which mem- dwellers in modern Babylon.

bers come, the attendance and ac- The reading list recommends thirty- tivities, the staff and equipment, the eight volumes, pamphlets and period- financial expenditures and the char- icals for further study of the subject.

.acter of the work. Every city pastor Negro Problems in Cities. A study made and church worker should study these under the direction of T. J. Woofter, cases. Much may be learned from Jr. Doubleday, Doran and Co. New them that will benefit other churches. York. 1928. $2.50.

The second volume is a study of With the increasing concentration 1,000 city churches to show how they and segregation of Negroes in Ameri- .adapted themselves to urban environ- can cities, north and south, a dispas- ment. The results of the study are sionate comparative study of condi- .shown in findings and conclusions tions is more and more necessa;ry with the help of charts and tables. as a basis of social adjustment. Dr.

It is a volume for serious study. Woofter and his associates have 'There is food for thought, subjects brought together for the first time for prayer and projects for action in such comparative data. The few the facts presented. There are an studies previously made have been average of 24 Protestant denomina- limited to individual cities and com- tions in the cities of 100,000 popula- parisons are difficult because of dif- tion or over in the United States. The ferences of measurements and of time.

In the first part of the present study lishing separate classes." In the south- about one hundred pages show the city ern cities the per capita investment Negro neighborhoods with different and current expenses for Negro chil- plans of segregation, including city dren are uniformly far below those ordinances and deed restrictions. A for white children, supervision is much series of graphs shows the history and less and pay of teachers less. Other character of this movement in north- factors are correspondingly poorer.

ern and southern cities, large and The fourth and final part of the small. . A chapter on congestion and study by Henry J. McGuin covers rec- exploitation reveals the fact that the reational needs of parks, playgrounds, density per acre of the Negro popula- libraries, Y. M. C. A.'s, Y. W. C. A.'s, ttiioonn~ including the anomalous condi- church faculties, theaters open to Ne- in New York and Philadelphia, groes, etc.

is greater in the large than in the Fifth, this volume although lacking small cities and greater in most cities an index for ready reference, compacts than the density of the white popula- many factors on the growing probtion. Land-crowding, that is the num- lems of the Negro in the cities. ber of people to a given land area, is much more serious than house- GEORCE E. HAYNES.

crowding, too many houses upon a The Children of the Light in India. By given area. T.he relation between pop- Mrs. Arthur Parker. 12 mo. 192 pp. ulation density and the health and $2. New York. 1929.

morals indicates that the community These biographies of fifteen Indian pays for slums by supporting courts; Christians are by the author of the hospitals and social welfare agencies. "Life of Sadhu Sundar Singh." They In Part II, Madge Headley, consid- include some well-known characters ers housing in 15 cities, under the such as Pandita Ramabai; Naravan topics-equipment and condition, rent, Vaman Tilak, the poet; Imad-ud-din; home buying and constructive agen- Chandra Leela, the priestess, and B.

cies. Conclusions seem well balanced. C. Chatterjee, the Christian judge.

While the low wages of Negroes in The others are less widely known but relation to rent paid is mentioned, it are worth knowing. If anyone doubts does not seem to have been given the effectiveness of the Christian mes- sufficient attention in data reported. sage in India, here is the answer sat- Also there are some factors omitted isfying to any mind not blinded by in the treatment of "rents, values and prejudice. The author has been a investment returns." Home buying missionary of the L. M. S. in India among Negroes increased markedly for forty years and knows the land from 1910 to 1925, although a large and the people. It is impressive t() proportion bought old houses. Mu- note the various stations in life from nicipal control through ordinances, in- which these converts came and the spections and building codes, as well means by which GOOD SEED was sown as volunteer and philanthropic agen- in their hearts. One had been a Mo- cies, are helping to improve Negro hammedan robber chief; another a housing. Brahmin Pandit; others include a Part III on schools, by W. A. Dan- Hindu scholar, a Moslem saint, a mem- iel, gives data and opinion on trends ber of the Brahmo Samaj, a Hindu and policies in northern cities toward prince, and an untouchable out-caste.

separation of Negro and white chil- The means which God used to touch dren. In the South the results of hearts were chiefly the Gospels and the fixed policy of separation was other books of New Testament, but studied. In the northern cities in- included Pilgrim's Progress, Balance telligence tests have been used to prove of Truth, The Sayings of Jesus and inferiority of Negro mentality and the influence of Christian schools.

that was "made an excuse for estab- These biographies are worth reading.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1929

TONGUED EVANGELlSTS IN 'l'YPE

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Me Cutcheon·s n. ~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy,NINTH Scr. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK J&q us Ib, OIl THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President SUMMER TERM June 19 — July 30, 1929 Courses for Pastors, College and Seminary Professors, Directors of Religious Education, Theological Students, Missionaries, and other Christian Leaders and Workers.

Term divided into two periods of three weeks each. For full information and schedule, address WALTER E. BACHMAN, DEAN 235 E. 49th Street, :: New York, N. Y.

(Send for full Catalogue of Seminary. Five Departments) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THB WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD .,~ – DELAVAN L. PIIlMON, llItUt",. LET YOUR GIFT MAROH TABLE OF CONTENTS to Foreign Missions Page ~lANY TONGUED EVANGELISTS IN PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME 'l'YP~] ……………….. FronNspiece YOll can make a generous gift to foreign mis~ sions and have a needed income for yourself . ISTRATBGIC C)<]N'l'ER IN C~:NTl(AL and others from the money you give by the AMBRICA …. CLEI.A"D B. MeA"EE 165 Annuity Gift Plan A CITY CHURCH AND THE UN- CHURCHED …….. A. Z. CO"RAD 173 This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing-values of invested SIGNS OF PROGESS IN CHINA …. funds and assures you a fixed income of ………….. WILLIAM A. ~!ATHER 176 41% to 9% per year THE HmlE MISSION TASK TODAY .. ……… ………. . J. S. STOWEI,L 182 for the rest of your life THE AFRICAN YOU'l'H OF TOMORROW A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees • •••••••••••••••••••• MAX YEIlGAN 187 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

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156 Filth Avenue. New York A:'< INVALID'S FELLOWSHIP OF PRAyER …………..•.•..••.•• 200 'l'OPICS OF THE TIMES … EDITORIALS 201 PREPARE WELL METHODS FOR WORKERS •……. FOR •.•• . EDITED BY MRS. F. L JOHNSON 208 WORLD WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN SERVICE • ••• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 216 THE Kennedy School of Missions (in- terdenominational) offers technical WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL- training for Christian work in any for- LETIN …………………… . eign field_ Graduate school for candi- .. , . EDITED BY ELI,A D. MACLAURIN 219 dates, appointees, missionaries. Study of phonetics of high value. Over a WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•… 222 dozen languages available in labora- tory. Close affiliation with Seminary BOOKS WORTII READING ……….. 237 and School of Religious Education. Exceptional library. Sociology, Bible, TERMS.-$2.~0 a year. ($2.00 In clubs ot business methods, etc.

live.) Foreign postage, ~O cents. Single copies, Write for catalog. 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY RIIlVIEW PUBLISHING COM- Dean E. W. Capen, Ph.D., Hartford. Connecticut PANY, INC. All rights reserved. HARTFORD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Seminary Foundation RoBJlRT E. SPUR, Pre8ident w. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., President WILLIAH I. CHAMBIlRLAIN, Vice-Pre.ldent DIlLAVAN L. PIEBSON, 8ecretarv WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Omce, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, P". 250 a copy. $2.50 a Year. EdItorial and Business Office, 156 Fltth Avenu~, New York City. lilntered a. second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Aet of Marcil 3, 1871.

Please mention THID MIS8IONAlty REVIEW OJ' THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. OBITUARY MRS. JAMES STEWART, the widow of Three Missionary Leaders the famous Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, South Africa, died in East London on October 31st, and her body was laid to rest beside her husband on the crest of "Sandile's Kop," which overlooks Lovedale Institute. Mrs. Stewart, the daugh- A History of Christian ter of Alexander Stephens, went from Missions in China England to South Africa in 1867 as a young bride of eighteen. By Kenneth S. Latourette, Yale University * ** After bringing out the points of agreement REV. HENRY A. BILKERT, for ten years and difference between the religions of China a missionary of the Reformed Church and Christianity a full and comprehensive in America, and stationed at Basrah, history is given for the first time in any lanwas shot from ambush and killed by guage of :.Jestorian, of Roman Catholic, Wahabi raiders on January 21st while driving along the desert frontier between Protestant, and Russian Orthodox Christian Irak and the Nedj in company with missions in China, continuing down to the Hori. Charles R. Crane, former Ameri- year 1927. This work is based upon an ex- can Minister to China. Mr. Bilkert was tensive examination of the sources referred born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on June to in hundreds of footnotes and an ample 24, 1892, and after his graduation from bibliography. It will long be the standard, Hope College and Western Theological indispensable book in its field for all those Seminary went to Arabia as a mission- actively engaged in foreign missions. Oc- ary. He leaves a wife and four young tavo, 900 pages. Price $5.00 children. *** The Pilgrimage of Buddhism MRS. MARGARET M. WATSON, the widow By James B. Pratt – Author of "'The Religious Consciousneu." etc. of the late Dr. Andrew Watson, died in This is the first time that a detailed and syn- Cairo, Egypt, on January 11th at the thetic view of Buddhism as a whole, ancient age of ninety-five, twelve years after and modern, Southern and Northern, has been accomplished. A keen student of the her husband. She was born near St. psychology 0 f religion, the author has in his George, New Brunswick, Canada, on Au- travels throughout Buddhist lands gathered a vast amount of fascinating material which gust 23, 1833, and in 1861 went with he here interweaves with historical fact and interpretation to present ,n exhaustive reher husband to Egypt as missionaries of view of Buddhism as it has been practiced through the centuries and as it is lived tothe United Presbyterian Church. There day. they shared in fruitful missionary serv- "We have had a number of books on Bud- dhism, but not one tbat can equal this either ice and her quiet Christian influence of in literarY charm or in exact information." sixty-seven years still bears fruit. One -The ~Vitl1ess. Octavo, 800 pages.. Price, of her sons, Dr. Charles R. Watson, is $3.00.

7resident of the American University at Cairo.

*** MRS, GEORGE GRENFELL, the widow of the great Baptist missionary and ex- plorer, who went out from England to Africa in 1874, died recently in Jamacia, The Gospel for Asia West Indies. Few explorers in any part By Kenneth Saunders of the world have made such extensive This is a comparative study of three reliand valuable contributions to geograph- gious masterpieces-the Bhagavad-gita, the Scriptures of India; the Lotus Scriptures 0 f ical knowledge as did Dr. Grenfell. Japan; and the Fourth Gospel. It is a m:s- sionary book inasmuch as it offers the He married in 1879 Miss Rose Pa- Fourth Gospel to the Oriental world as that particular expression of the central Christience Edgerley, a member of that Afri- tian truth in terms which will appeal most to it. can race to whose welfare he devoted his life. His African bride proved to be "It is in the form and temper of the best apologetic of the times. It should be read a true helpmeet. Mrs. Grenfell's family and pondered by all for whom it is intended –moulders of religious thought and life."- had long resided in the West Indies, Jlltrl'1lotiolioi Re'"il'"w of Afissi01is. Price $2.50 but had returned under one of the early colonization schemes in connection with the liberation of the slaves to live in their native land, in mission colonies of negroes and Mullatoes formed on the Cameroon coast and on the Island of Fernando, Po.

For twenty-eight years Mrs. Gren- fell worked side by side with her hus- THE MACMILLAN COMPANY band and after his death in 1907 she 60 Fifth Avenue New York s~ttled in the West of England for a tIme, but subsequently went to Jamaica with her family.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIli:W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. Her(~ are twenty-five missionaries, speaking twenty-three languages, selected and sent out by Mrs. Finley J, Sbepard of New York, through the mans and distributed pel"Sonal1y with the help of the American Tract Society and Christian workers in many Jands. The languages include–as numbered above-(l) Ruthenian, (2) Modern Russian, (3) Engllsh, (4) Arabic, (5) Armenian, (6) Armeno -Turkish, (7) French, (9) Bohemian, (10) Yiddish, (11) Swedish, (12) Portuguese, (14) Norwegian, (15) Poll"h, (16) Dutch, (17) Chinese, (19) Japanese, (20) Russian, (21) Hungarian, (22) Italian, (24) Latvian, (25) German. Others are in modern Greek, Spanish, and several Indian languages.

LII, No. 3 March,1929

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..,,-~ A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA BY REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D.,* Chicago, Illinois N OTHING can lessen our in- lations with organized religious in- terest in the experiment in fluence, so that evangelical work democracy now being tried is heavily handicapped. Christian- in China and, in other large areas, ity is never carried on well in but our interest should be retained cramped and restricted territory; in the complicated problems of Lat- it requires for its best expression in America where democracy is an interchange of leadership and being tried on smaller measur'e· relationships. Saying that only na- ments but with much energy. tionals of a given country can be South of the Rio Grande are six- it,s exponents may be a natural re- teen independent republics and five ply to ultra-foreign administration, dependencies, not reckoning the as it certainly is a reaction against island areas of the West Indies and ultra-foreign religious leadership, the Caribbean Sea. The three but it is contrary to the genius of Guianas (British, French, Dutch) religion as it would be to the genius in South America and British Hon- of art or science. To require that duras and Panama in Central no one can paint or sing or teach America are the dependencies, all science unless he is a citizen of a of them operating with a high de- given land would be held absurd, gree of independence. All the rest unless there had been adverse con- of this vast area is occupied by ditions which permitted it for a nations which maintain their in- brief period, and then it would be dependence and have done so for recognized as an admission of a many years. weakness soon to be overcome. Re- The republic of Mexico, with a stricting public religious ministries population of 15,500,000, is having to native Mexicans is a confession its notoriously difficult experiences of weakness, which the govern- in making adjustment to modern ment will soon surpass, and all ob- conditions and is reacting severely servers ought to be patient with from centuries of unfortunate re- it in view of the adverse experi- ences which have led to it.

• Dr, and ~fT-s, McMee aIHI Mr. aIH1 :IiI'S, Next south of Mexico come the "Talter Mcilougall buYe recently returned from five republics that make up Cenau interesting trip to Guatemala, as a deputu- tral America, running down to the ~~O~l t~~:Y~~:ia~OC:ur~fhl Fu~ei~: i~~~;;l~O~~ 165

Panama Canal. Below that, of the next level, nearly 5,000 feet course, are the ten republics cov- high. On most reaches of this level ering the area of South America, are rich coffee tincas, with various Brazil much the largest, with an woods also available. Above this area larger than the United States is stilI another level, running as of America. These ten republics high as 13,000 feet, the height of have a total population of at least the highest volcano-mountain. The 50,000,000. The Central American second city of the republic, Quezal- republics have 5,500,000 people, tenango, is nearly 8,000 feet above which bring the entire Latin Amer- sea level. Wheat, maize and coffee ican population on the main land grow on this level at many points.

to 71,000,000. A striking physical phenomenon is It should be familiar to all that observable not far from this sec- the southern part of the hemi- ond city-a mountain that is grow- sphere swings to the eastward so ing at the rate of 500 feet a year far that a line drawn from the and that is now about 3,000 feet United States straight sou t h high. Residents recall it when it misses South America entirely. appeared as a mere knotty bulge The hinge on which the hemisphere in the middle of a crater and have turns is the 'Central American re- seen it gradually rise, thrusting public of Guatemala. This is so up from the crater material which accurately true that a line drawn steadily falls from its summit and south from Chicago runs through is forming the sides of a mountain the capital of that republic, Guate- of much the same shape as those mala City, and almost immediately surrounding it. Most of it is still after passing it runs into the Pa- too warm because of its relation cific Ocean, all the territory south to the crater through which it of that point lying east of the line. comes to permit vegetation, but it This small land has other strategic is easy, to foresee the disintegra- points. In the days of a Central tion of its surface and the appear- American Federation it was the ance of verdure there. One stands capital of the Federation. Nicarau- at the door of the attractive evan- gua is slightly larger in area but gelical chapel at Palmar and ac- Guatemala is much larger in pop- cepts the growing mountain as a ulation and its location, running symbol of what is occurring over through from ocean to ocean, gives the entire land in the growth of it increased possibilities of influ- the evangelical movement. Mighty, ence. A good railroad crosses the upheaving forces are obviously at country with excellent terminals work to produce both phenomena.

on both coasts. Other railroads, The Religious Situation and even more automobile roads, are being built in its various sec- The religious situation in Guate- tions. mala is equally interesting. Like A Three·Storied Country all the Latin American republics it has been for centuries under Ro- Guatemala is physically interest- man Catholic influence, rising at ing. It is a three-storied country. times to dominance. Through all Part of it lies on the sea level and the centuries there has been a Ro- is rich in banana and other tropi- man Catholic opportunity at least, cal growth. The capital city is on and the actual condition of masses

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

of the people is a fact with which Church owned from one half to that church has to reckon. The three fourths of the area of the Minister of Education of the gov- country and this land was exernment says that the illiteracy is empted from taxation because denow 93 per cent arid this figure is voted to religion, though much of confirmed by the rector of the uni- it was income-producing. This put versity in the capitol. The living an impossible tax burden on the conditions of multitudes of people, rest of the land. The government the condition of many women, the held that it had been given by citiprevalence of concubinage, and zens directly or indirectly and it this depressing illiteracy are in- was all taken over as public propdictments of any organization that erty. All that was really used for has had a chance to change the so- religious purposes was continued DR. McAFEE AND AN EVANGELICAL CONGREGATION IN GUATEMALA These Christians are building their own church, which is ollIy pArtly completed.

cial order and has failed to do so. in that service under direction of Like all the Latin American re- the Church, while much of the republics, Guatemala has taken dras- mainder has been returned to taxtic courses against the control of able ownership, through grants or its life from without, even in the purchases. This makes a complimatter of religion, though it has cation for any religious agency, taken no such steps as those in for it cannot hold property direct- Mexico. One of the most drastic ly for this purpose. Various recrestrictions is the one which pro- ognized devices are used to make vides that no corporation, except religious work possible and these the government, can hold property devices have the full understandfor religious purposes. At the time ing of the government, whose ofof the revolution under the great ficials explain frankly that the patriot Barrios it was found that limitation is aimed at a condition under one device and another the which had become unsupportable.

Whether the immediate tendency and those who feel the pressure of is toward the stricter Mexican lim- the omnipresent materialism. The itations or back to normal and increase of wealth among the com- modern attitudes is not yet clear. paratively few has don e in A number of nationals counted the Guatemala what it does anywhere Mexican laws so unnecessary as to -it makes the restrictions of re- be impossible in Guatemala; other ligion irksome. This is a consid- observers were not so sure that erable group, if one niay judge by this is universal opinion. the talk and manner of people.

Four groups are discoverable in A third group consists of serious Guatemala with reference to reli- minded people who are deeply disgion. One group frankly accept satisfied with the Roman Church. and follow the Roman Church, con- Some of them hold on to it for tinuing its practices and support- lack of anything they can see that ing its methods. A new archbishop is better; some of them have abanwas consecrated in the cathedral doned the Church, but without rein Guatemala City recently and the nouncing religion or becoming exercises were carried through indifferent to religion. A . good with much pomp and ceremony. many converts in the evangelical It is impossible to estimate how churches witness to this group, large is this group of loyal Roman- which is of rather large dimenists. Their churches do not seem sions. largely attended, though occasional churches in the larger places One Million Indians may be exceptions. In most of the villages through which one passes A fourth group is very 'large, the church buildings appear run consisting of the unreached Indian down and unused, though many of population, many of them pagan them announce the occasions when in the historical sense. The Ina visiting priest will hear confes- dians of Guatemala are of the same sions and say masses. Inquiry- strain in general as those found shows that many of the religious in all the Latin American republics, observances are followed quite ig- totalling between ten and fifteen norantly, no one being quite sure millions. In Guatemala they conwhat they are all about. Bells are stitute more than half the popula- tion, which means that there are to be rung, processions to be over one million Indians in the formed and genuflections to be country. (The official population made, but just why is not so clear. figure for Guatemala is 2,119,000.) The naive intertwining of rem- These Indians are of the Maya nants of paganism with the newly stock and retain traditions which received Romanism is evident in connect them with this civilization.

remoter regions, as in most uncul- The government intends to Latin- tured sections of the world. ize them as rapidly as possible The second group consists of through education in the Spanish those who have frankly abandoned language, but this process goes on the Church, most of them having very slowly for lack of teachers adopted nothing at all instead. and funds and there are large These include patriots, who have areas where the Indian languages come to feel that the organization are the only ones of intimate per- is dangerous to national liberty, sonal intercourse. The three larg-

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

MEMBERS OF THE GUATEMALA MISSION AND THEIR FAMILIES est tribal groups, Cachiquels, laws which result in a form of pe- Quiches and Mams, are :unlike onage, that several slight efforts enough in speech to make common have been made to colonize evanconversation among them imprac- gelical believers in places where ticable. Their languages when re- they can acquire land and exercise duced to writing do not look nor their newly formed ambitions, but sound alike. The current tongue the results are numerically small of the land is Spanish, though it and the believers for the most part is not understood by all the Indians live among their friends of other nor .used in intimate dealings. The connections. Sometimes this is Roman Church leaders have not charged with difficulty because of taken these languages seriously local intolerance and oppression, enough to provide religious in- but even then it is apt to turn to struction in them and of course good because of the testimony that maintain their services in the Lat- is borne by their lives. When a in, which is not understood even former medicine-man or witch-docby the ordinary Spanish speaking tor, addicted like his friends to worshipers. This has produced a drink, turns from all such praccurious blend of paganism and Ro- tices and is freed from all drinkmanism in some sections and has ing, his f r i end s cannot be left other sections entirely pagan. indifferent to the change. Even a Interwoven with these four pop- casual visitor to one village was ulation groups is the relatively asked to explain the "medicine" small evangelical body, numbering which one such man had found only a few thousands, but drawn which made him able to withstand from all the other groups and the old temptations and put aside closely related personaliy to them. the old lucrative but fraudulent The industrial system of the coun- practices. That he had found J etry is so unusual, with large hold- sus Christ was his own explanation ings in a few hands and with debt but it was mystifying to his poorly

trained Roman-pagan friend. This a national leadership of a high or- believer's life had been attempted der adequate for the later move- several times but he was himself ments of the church. There are a challenging reality to his com- many earnest and dedicated pre- munity. Their wide distribution dicatores and simple hearted work- results in the building of little ers, but no Paul has yet ap- chapels in many villages according peared to take his place among the to the practice of the country leaders of the land, trained as their which permits the erection of an equals but aflame with the zeal of edifice as far as funds are avail- the Gospel. In so small a land a able, allowing it to wait at any regular theological seminary may stage until more money can be not develop, but Bible institutes found. Chapels are in use, there- already in existence should be de- fore, without walls, windows, seats, veloped and exceptional men may desk-merely used with whatever be sent to seminaries in Mexico or is there to use. Few of them have elsewhere around the Caribbean any money in them from outside area. This is to be one of the maj or the congregation and it may be topics for the Havana Conference some years before they are really in June, 1929, and all friends of finished. Meanwhile, the worship- Guatemala will be concerned to ing group bear their testimony and have it satisfactorily decided.

continue their expansion. The lines of evangelical mis- The Protestant Missions sionary work are much the same as those in other lands. Evangel- The few Protestant missionary istic witnessing is central here as bodies in Guatemala for the most elsewhere and in all the ways fa- part represent the smaller evan- miliar elsewhere. Nothing takes gelical units of America-the Naz- the place of the traveling preacher arenes, Seventh Day Adventists, and colporter, of tracts and pic- Primitive Methodists and Friends, tures, Scripture portions and Bible in addition to the Central Ameri- classes. All periodicals published can Mission and the Presbyterian in the country are carried free in Church in the U. S. A. The Cen- the mails and several evangelical tral American Mission is an un- papers are issued by various denominational age n c y, wit h groups. The illiteracy of the peo- headquarters in Dallas, Texas, op- ple naturally restricts such meth- erating on the "faith basis." The ods. This same illiteracy puts Presbyterian work is in and around educational work at a premium the capital and Quezaltenango, and several agencies have estab- with about 150 preaching points lished schools of various grades.

regularly occupied. There is a fair- The Presbyterians have two schools ly recognized allotment of terri- for girls and one small industrial tory, though this has never been school for boys. The girls' school made formal, and the working re- at QuezaItenango has been ex- lations among the missionaries and panded until it is a fully recognized evangelical nationals are generally normal teachers' college and lacks satisfactory. only one year of giving the B. A.

The weakest place in the evan- degree. Other agencies have gelical program seems to be in the schools and many of the evangeli- lack of well-laid plans for training cal chapels have local primary

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

schools supported by the people principal part of the population with occasional small subsidies and of the territory is dangerously from mission funds. remote from medical attention. The prevailing disease is malaria The close relation between reli- and the Rockefeller Foundation is gion and the physical life in pa- cooperating with the government g ani s m, represented by the in a systematic attack upon it. The "medicine-man" as the adviser of Presbyterians have acquired a site his followers in all matters, makes which will be used in part for a medical work almost imperative. tuberculosis sanitarium or rest Indians are accustomed to physical house in a non-malarial locality. guidance from their religious leaders. Missionaries who are recog- Considerable divergence exists nized as the new religious leaders in the form of organization of the OUTSIDE 'I' HE A)1ERICAN PRESBYTERIAN )USSION HOSPITAL IN GUATEMALA CITY are constantly being looked to for native church, partly owing to the guidance in sickness and distress. inherent independence of the An excellent hospital is maintained groups which have been formed. by the Presbyterians in Guatemala A very interesting type is that of City, with an extension service at the entirely independent "Presby- Quezaltenango and with a wider tery of Western Guatemala," ambulance service in prospect. around Quezaitenango. It consistf; There are many Guatemalan phy- of two ordained native ministers, sicians, but 85 per cent of them three ordained missionaries, and are located in the two principal one representative from each of cities where less than ten per cent the twelve organized "consistoof the people live. The United rios." A consistorio is made up of Fruit Company maintains much all the elders, deacons and deaconexcellent medical service in which esses of a given territory, selected native employees share. But the from any "preaching points" in

that territory and meeting at least were recently ordained there by monthly for conference. This con- the Presbyterian Mission. These 8i8torio is responsible for all the two Presbyteries would readily preaching points of its territory constitute a Synod and can invite and the "predicators" work under the representatives of all the other its direction until they become or- Mission groups to unite with them dained ministers when they pass in a national evangelical body. It under the guidance directly of the is a long step toward an indige- Presbytery. Whenever a preaching nous church in Guatemala. Its weakness lies in its lack of well point develops elders and other trained native leadership. One of officers of sufficient number and the most aggressive and well orcharacter to become independent, ganized native churches in mission it is made the center of another lands is the Central Church of con8i8torio and given responsibil- Guatemala City, whose pastor is a ity for its territory. It is a modi- mIssIOnary but whose Sunday fication of the familiar "parish sys- School superintendent, teachers tem" to which the Roman Church and officers, are virtually all nahas accustomed the people. Each tives of the land. It is doubtful consistorio sends one elder to the if there is a Guatemalan minister Presbytery and this body has large of any evangelical group who could be wisely placed in charge of its powers. Its evangelistic committee pulpit at this time and be expected has the assignment of evangelistic to make from it the appeal which funds made available by the Pres- the church should make to the men byterian Board for its Mission and of light and leading who constitute the cooperation between the Mis- the leadership of the country. sion and the Presbytery is neces- Such men will emerge as the years sarily very close and constant. The go along and at any time the Spirit system itself is worth the study of of God may select a man on a Daother lands. The existing Presby- mascus road around whom the tery framed its own creed, its own growing forces of Guatemala can rules of order, its own system of rally in their movement toward the work. It is hoped that another Kingdom of God in their beautiful Presbytery will be erected imme- land. diately around the capitol, centering about five native ministers who NUGGETS FROM AN AMERICAN BOARD MEETING "Mohammedans are so proud of their religion that they forget their race; Christians so proud of race they forget religion."- Dr. Frank Laubach of the PhiUppine8.

"The finest things in Gandhi's character are those first preached by Jesus Christ."-Dr. E. Stanley Jone8 ()f India.

"The Christian Church today faces decay, due to inertia. It needs new life."-Mahatma Gandhi, quoted by Dr. JOlles.

"It's always easier to get money for stomachs than for brains; for famines than for faculties."-Miss I.sabelle MacCausland of Japan.

'rI-I1D LI'l'TLFl C H UIlC I-I ON W HFl ~; LS-~'O R OU1'DOOR EVANGE

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED BY REV. A. Z. CONRAD, Boston, Massachusetts P as t or 0/ t h. e PaT!.; ti tree t Gongreguti01wl Ch rtr cli.

I NCREASING thousands never starts something. Even death step inside of a church. If they yields to LIFE. are ever to be saved from their How shall we go about it. Let sins some one must establish a con- me mention a few of the effective tact with them, to bring them into ways other than the ordinary contact with Christ. Until they church activities.

hear the Gospel there is no hope. First, there is the "Win One Worldly attactions multiply. Defi- More" method which enlists the nite opposition becomes aggressive. entire church membership in evan- Pronounced atheism is one of the gelistic work. No church can be- least of our h'oubles for the mass come a soul-winning church with- of humanity will not be turned out a soul-winning leader. The aside from some sort of a faith in first essential in r eaching the un- God by the blatant utterances of churched is to know they are lost atheists. until they are saved.

Our trouble is with the negative Every member of the church attitude of millions. They simply should be made to feel that the one do not care. Inertia is hard to great vocation of every saved man, overcome, but it can be overcome. woman and child is to save some A genuine Christian, in contact one else by a simple testimony and with apparently hopeless unbelief, a ppeal.

173

That is churchwide evangelism. In Boston some seven years ago It can be effectively worked. Not we built a church on wheels with every member of the church will all the features of a church build- undertake the task but many will. ing-with a steeple and church The opportunity to witness for windows, and with a radio receiv- Christ is far greater than people ing set so that notable evangelistic know until they try it. In store, preaching can be heard by the shop, factory, everywhere there is crowd. We put that little church a chance to tell the "Blessed on the chassis of an automobile, so Story." that it runs to different sections of The second method is STREET the city. It carries an organ, sing- EVANGELISM. Here is one of the ers freely give their services and most effective lines of Christian Christ is proclaimed from its plat- activity. It is most encouraging to form. It is called "The Little note the readiness with which peo- Church on Wheels." Ministers and ple will gather to hear a real live laymen, who are known as soul- witness for Jesus Christ tell the winners, tell the simple story of "Old, Old Story." In most cities Salvation from night to night. It permission can be secured to tell is supported by a group of evan- the glad tidings in the open air. gelical churches. Tracts are freely Not everyone is adapted to this distributed by the workers. No sort of work. It takes a special one can measure the results of this type of man, one who is clear work. Always people are saved.

headed, sympathetic and who The Park Street Church has also knows his Bible, to do street work organized Missions that are doing well. a wonderful work among the for- Here we can utilize the abilities eign born in Boston. Social service of laymen. When the heart is filled work for immigrants is good with Divine Love and the individ- enough of its kind but it is no sub- ual is dead in earnest, he can al- stitute for Christian evangelism.

ways gain a hearing. The street Settlement work does little good pulpit could be made to reach more compared with the heart appeal to people than the churches if laymen "COME TO JESUS." Soap and sun- and ministers realized the power shine are good but they never yet there is in the wonderful message changed a heart. The change of of God's love. Most people unsaved direction from down to up is not are not satisfied with themselves. wrought by a better parish house.

They know that something is Definite evangelistic mISSIOn wrong. Always there are those work does bring people to God.

sick of their own sinning. There The day of MISSIONS has not gone.

are others who suffer from be- The need is very great right now.

reavements and who want to know The "slum" has passed where the more about the futUre life. A mil- beneficent influence of prohibition lion people a year could be saved has been felt but there are still if street preaching were done by godless localities that breed all gifted speakers among the laymen sorts of iniquity. Definite mission of all the churches. We will have work in these centers will do a vast to take up this work or the slump deal of good that street preaching in religious interest will become alone can not do. It affords a ral- more and more acute. lying center for seekers after God.

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED

Another means of reaching the self or herself and fall down in unchurched is the radio. Whatever contrition and confession with the may be the disadvantages. the fact cry "God be merciful to me a sinis hundreds of people, yes tens of ner." We have regularly broadthousands. have become interested cast our Sunday evening church in the salvation of their own souls service for five years, and letters through the message sent out on by the hundreds show that the the air. We have known many persons applying for church member- WORD of God has borne fruit. In any way and every way let us ship who had been converted by the radio proclamation of Redemp- go after the lost sheep. The masses tion. The church should be more do not go to church. If they are eager and alert to utilize this latest to be saved it will be because we method of reaching a large audi- go to them in love and lead them ence. A man or woman listening to the light as it is in Christ. We alone to the message of GRACE DI- must have greater faith in our VINE may come to grips with him- Lord's words "I. if I be lifted up will draw all men unto me."

PRACTICAL WORK FOR FOREIGNERS Lawrence, Massachusetts, has a very When children told their parents large foreign-speaking population, a that literature could be had in their large number of whom are anxious to own language, assistance was relearn English as quickly as possible. quired to distribute it wisely. Literature in their native tongues is largely of the character that prejudices Here is a great opportunity for efthem against American institutions, fectual service. It is an opportunity and against the Church of Christ, for direct personal contact with the which they think is a conspiracy to people who cannot understand English, promote capitalism. The better ele- but who are eager to read the mesment among these foreign immigrants sage in their tongue! seeks a higher grade of literature, but it is not always available. In the meantime, Mr. William A. Rich, a Christian salesman of the In 1922, the American Tract So- Nitrose Company, is continuing alone ciety and the Massachusetts Bible So- to pass the word of truth along, going ciety made generous grants of Gospel to clubrooms, coffee houses, the County literature in several languages. The jail, hospitals, city homes and elseresponse from some of the foreigners where, teaching children, speaking was such that the demand increased briefly to groups who have learned until now Gospel messages are dis- some English and distributing literatributed in eighteen tongues. ture to others.

Most of the children do not learn Several related activities have also to read their mother tongue, so that been li'ndertaken, such as taking men left-over Sunday-school literature is to Americanization classes, aiding used for them. A generous quantity them to procure accident compensahas come from five denominational tion, aiding in matters of health, churches in the city where the needy family and business problems. Mr. ones reside. These papers have been Rich gives his services freely, and rescued from furnace fires for a better those helped are saved many dollars purpose. in professional fees and are very ap- preciative of what is done for them.

OF PROGRESS IN

BY REV. WILLIAM ARNOT MATHER, Paotingfu, China T HE friends of China who to Russia, the one nation which hailed the Revolution of 1911 seemed to promise China fair play as the attainment of a true and treatment as an equal? He republic have had long and anxious died without realizing how this years of cumulative disillusion- new ally and advisor was using ment, when the losses loomed China as a pawn in her own game larger than the gains. Some of furthering world-wide revolu- thoughtful Chinese had even prac- tion. Already at the opening of tically given up hope for their 1927 Chiang Kai-shek began to de- country and were beginning to tect the secret designs of the Rus- wonder whether dismemberment sian advisers in the government among the Powers would be an un- and to take measures to thwart mixed evil. The events of the last them. But it took the Nanking two years especially have given the outrage of March, the raid on the pessimists still further grounds for Russian Embassy in April, and the discouragement. Yet these very Red Revolt in Canton in December, events, viewed in the perspective to convince the Nationalists as a of the whole revolutionary struggle whole that communism must be up to date, afford more ground for cast out.

hope than even the spectacular It was far easier for China to transformation of 1911-12. enlist the help of these treacherous The failures of China's patriots allies than it has been for her to hitherto cannot all be laid either to extricate herself from the conse- quences of their perfidy. Comtheir impracticable idealism or to munism is lurking in every part of their internal feuds. Much must China, and the burden of milibe charged to the perfidy of those tarism still makes millions groan. in whom they put their trust. Yet the improvement in less than First it was Yuan Shih-k'ai who two years is remarkable, to say the failed – the "strong man" who least. seemed necessary as president to bring the original revolution to Political Unity fruition. That astute politician Of the manifold progress being sacrificed every patriotic ideal to made, perhaps the most striking is further his own interests, and sad· in the political realm. Two years died the nation with a burden of ago only a few provinces in the militarism which has been its curse south and center of the country ever since. Again, the Allies failed, were controlled by the National- when, after China had given of her ists. Later most of the Yangtse man power and her influence to valley was added, and by June, further their cause, they at the 1928, practically the whole country Versailles Conference rebuffed the was united under the new National very aspirations which they had flag, with the exception of the encouraged. Is it great wonder province of Manchuria. On De- that Sun Yat-sen in despair turned cember 29th, last year, however, 176 the new flag was flying there also, meeting has now been postponed and while Chang Hsueh-liang, the until March 15th. It is looked foryoung governor, may be in a num- ward to with some apprehension, ber of matters more conservative because some of the more radical than the men in Nanking, and will elements in the party hope then to probably not follow their policy in obtain sufficient power to turn the everything, yet his union with the present moderate leaders out of central government appears to be office. Under the Central Execusincere. Japan twice ordered him tive Committee is the Supervisory not to join the Nationalists, but Council, the chairman of which is has had to submit to the inevitable. Chiang Kai-shek, who is ex officio Chinese emigrants from Shantung President of the Government of and other provinces are pouring China. Under this Council are the into Manchuria by the million five Yuan, or branches of governyearly, and Japan is losing the ment. Three of these correspond hope of making it another Korea. to those in the American govern- This all bodes well for the strength ment, Executive, Legislative and and unity of the country. Judicial. Two are adaptations of ancient Chinese practice, the Su- So far as appears on the surface, pervisory Yuan, for impeachment a remarkable unification of aim of unworthy officials, and the Exalso has been brought about during amination Yuan, for conducting the last two years. The commu- civil service examinations of all nists have been suppressed. The aspirants for public office. There militarists apparently have sub- are also ten ministers correspondmitted themselves to the civil au- ing to the cabinet officers in the thority. They are ceasing to com- United States, though with posmandeer railway rolling stock, and sibly more authority. The governhave promised to keep their hands ment frankly states that it is not off railway earnings. Military representative at present, though commanders are to have no juris- its ultimate aim is a thoroughly diction over the districts in which democratic one; but that this their troops are quartered, and the scheme has been devised for the army is to be reduced to 600,000 present "period of tutelage" until men. How far this has been al- illiteracy has been overcome and ready accomplished, it' is difficult the people have been taught the to say. But beginnings of dis- principles of representative govbandment have been reported for ernment. some time. Christians in the Cabinet Like Russia and Italy, China is now under one-party government, The leading men in this governthat of the Kuomintang, or Peo- ment are not only moderate in ple's Party. No other party is per- their political views, but are many mitted. The ultimate authority of of them returned students and exthis party is supposed to rest in ceptionally well qualified for the the National Assembly, a body work they have undertaken. Wang partly appointed by the Central Chung-huei, Chairman of the Ju- Executive Committee, and partly dicial Yuan, is the leading jurist in elected by local Kuomintang coun- the country, and T. V. Soong, Mincils. This body was scheduled to ister of Finance, is remarkably meet on January first, but the 2

well suited to his position. The cluded with the United States, Minister for Foreign Affairs, C. and eleven other nations, includ- T. Wang, though criticized by the ing Japan, which have ipso facto radical element in his own country, recognized the new government.

has made a remarkable record of Five of these nations, Belgium, diplomatic achievement in a short Italy, Denmark, Portugal, and time, and the Vice-chairman of the Spain have also agreed, under cer- Executive YUan and Minister for tain reasonable conditions, to Military Affairs, Feng Yti-hsiang, renounce extraterritoriality on though self-taught, has by the January 1, 1930. The more radical sheer force of his personality risen elements of the Kuomintang have to one of the highest positions in always insisted that such equality the government. What is more of status could be achieved by astonishing, these men and two China only through force and by other cabinet ministers, HsUeh Tu- unilateral denunciation of former pi and H. H. K'ung, the latter a treaties. But this record of treaties lineal descendent of Confucius, are already signed has proved that the all Christians, some of the second Powers have enough confidence in or third generation. Altogether, the stability and friendliness of in the government offices of Nan- the present government to yield without pressure what the radicals king, there are some three hundred believed could only be wrested by Christians, and a prayer meeting force. It is to be hoped that the for their beloved country and for United States and Great Britain wisdom in ruling it, is. held reg- will speedily follow suit in promularly. Marshall Feng has been ising to yield extraterritoriality, cruelly slandered and misrepre- so that the hands of the present sented by some foreign newspapers government may be thus strengthin China and has been much dis- ened against the radicals, and appointed in some of the Christian China may be assured that our chaplains which he got from mis- protestations of friendship are sion institutions for his army. genuine. This and his visit to Russia have undoubtedly cooled his "first love." Social Progress Yet not long ago, he and fifteen of Along the lines of social prog- his generals, spent two days in a ress the new government has had mission compound as guests of old little time to function as yet.

missionary friends there, showing Nevertheless, there has been ad- every mark of appreciation of vance. Contrary to the ideas of Christian love and sympathy. The many in the West, the custom of personal religious life of one who foot-binding continues in at least rises daily at five for Bible study the rural districts of the greater and prayer can hardly be consid- part of China. Against this prac- ered dead. tice the new government has or- International Relations ganized wide-spread propaganda and will undoutebdly bring other One of the most convincing pressure to bear. General Chang proofs of progress by the present Chih-chiang, Marshal Feng's for- government is in the field of in- mer chief of staff, a Christian of ternational relations. Treaties of unusual zeal and consecration, has tariff reciprocity have been con- been appointed chairman of the

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN CHINA

Opium Suppression Bur e au, education has been going from bad though for some unexplained reas- to worse. The military chest must on, the Bureau very badly misman- always be kept full, and education- aged the Kiangan opium smuggling al grants were usually the first to case, and Chang Chih-chiang has suffer. Lack of funds hampers the tendered his resignation. It is to present government also, as the re- be hoped that what China almost duction of the military establish- accomplished many years ago may ment is hardly appreciable as yet.

be brought to full completion in the However, a system of mass edu- near future. Efforts are also be- cation promoted by James Yen, ing made in some quarters to limit Mrs. Hsiung Hsi-ling, and others, the consumption of liquor and to- has seized the imagination of the bacco, especially that of foreign country, and has been carried on importation, but it is too early to by volunteer teachers in number- prophesy about these plans. .less places. A phonetic script of According to Wang Chung-huei, forty letters, based upon Chinese the government's purpose is ulti- idiograms, has been quite widely mately to extend the franchise to used for a number of years, espe- every adult member of the popula- cially by Christians. But this is tion without regard to sex. A very now to be replaced by an alphabet recent judicial decision, which is of Roman letters devised by T'sai viewed as an important precedent, Yuan-p'ei, Chairman of the Super- has granted to the daughter of a visory Yuan, and others, which deceased millionaire a share equal will gain much greater currency if to that which her brother receives. it is properly pushed by the gov- Already women are taking office ernment. The great objective is to in the government. Among the reduce to negligible proportions members of the Legislative Yuan the illiteracy which handicaps are a Miss Cheng and the Presi- eighty per cent of the men and dent's wife, Mrs. Chiang, a gradu- boys and far more than ninety per ate of Wellesley and a Christian cent of the women and girls. The woman of rare charm. government has in contemplation For some time past Christian a complete system of compulsory organizations, notably the National education, with the necessary com- Christian Council, have been agi- plement of schools of higher grade.

tating for better conditions among Meanwhile the government real- the industrial population. As an izes the advantages of the Chris- answer to this, a new factory law tian educational institutions on the has been drafted and will probably ground. There is still a certain soon be put into effect. This pro- amount of agitation which would vides for reasonable conditions of seek to suppress them entirely as dismissal, the eight hour day, rest a denationalizing agency. The and recreation, a minimum wage present government, however, sees scale, distribution of profits, sani- their value, and only desires that tary and safety devices, and the they should register with the Min- humane treatment of apprentices. istry of Education. The educa- Education and Christianity tional authorities claim that the restrictions imposed by the latest During the internecine strife of rules for registration are not prej- the last few years, government udicial to the Christian character

and purpose of the schools, but are news to those who have not yet designed to preserve and standard- heard a whisper of it. ize the Chinese racial type and ideals. If this claim proves to be The last two years have witwell founded, there is no reason nessed the first actual functioning why Christian schools may not be of the Church of Christ in China. continued under the present re- Complete church union is still far gime. from being realized in China, though mission comity is so gen- Of the progress of the Christian erally observed that comparative- Church in China during the last ly few Chinese Christians are troubled by denominational rivaltwo years there can be no doubt. ry. But this is the first construc- To be sure, there has been whole- tive effort on a large scale to sale destruction of property by realize the ideal which almost all Christians cherish. soldiers, and for much of this the mission boards are asking no in- There is a great striving on the part of Chinese Christians to make demnity. But in some cases this the Church indigenous. Architecmay prove a blessing in disguise, ture, music, liturgies, and creeds imported from the West, many freeing the Church from the look askance upon. This is all to domination of material problems. the good. The Church of Christ There has also been serious per- must find itself. Its roots must secution of Christians, especially strike deep into the religious conwhere Communists were in power. sciousness of the nation and adapt Several have even laid down their itself to their peculiar needs. lives for their faith. But un- China's religious heritage is of doubtedly this has purged the great value in interpreting to the Church of many unworthy mem- people in language they can underbers, and those who have proved stand their deepest religious longsteadfast have been strengthened ings and the unsearchable riches in purpose and have been led to put of Christ that alone are adequate their faith less in human agency to satisfy them. Light is still to and more in the unfailing re- break forth from God's Word in sources of the living God. Indeed, Chinese hearts and to be mediated places where the Church was by them to the Church Universal. sorely tested have even reported Missionaries are sympathetic with revivals and many accessions to such aspirations and are glad to their membership. second every effort of Chinese Christian leaders to make the Great numbers of missionaries Church more truly express their had to be evacuated. But this own genius. But of course this threw new responsibility upon the movement needs wise guidance, Chinese Christians, who have for syncretism will never build an taken up the new burdens with indigenous church, as is attested heroism, and have thus had the by the fate of the Nestorians, who most practical possible training in compromised with Buddhism. The Christian leadership. The mission- greatest hope of the indigenous aries are now returning in great church is perhaps to be found numbers, and rejoice to assist where it is least heralded and least these tested colleagues in their Christian enterprise, or else to go to regions beyond to tell the good

self-conscious, and that is in the their worship without supplying small groups springing up spon- anything better in their place. But taneously in the country, when it affords a wonderful opportuhumble Christians, exulting in the nity to turn their thoughts to Him new faith they have found in who must be worshiped in spirit longer established centers, return and in truth.. And everywhere the to their homes, gather about them people are open to the Christian neighbors and kinsmen, and volun- message as never before. The antitarily assume the leadership of the religionists are vocal in the larger group, expecting no salary and centers. But in the rural districts, asking no financial help for their where eighty-five per cent of the simple needs. Such a movement is .people live, homes are thrown open already going on, with the cordial to the messengers in villages never cooperation of missionaries, and is reached before, the villagers turn also looked upon as one of the most out night after night to hear, fruitful and promising methods of hearts are touched, lives are winning the remoter and less evan- changed, and new outposts are gelized portions of the country. won.

The Government and Religion When we realize that all this progress is affecting one-fourth of The new government is taking the whole human family, we cana hand in religious matters, evi- not but be glad for the opening dently with a view to making vistas beyond of international coprogress in the sloughing off of operation and mutual service. But superstition. A recent proclama- most of all can Christians rejoice tion reads something like this: in the new liberty and opportunity "Ancestral temples, if the ances- which this peace and progress is tral worship tends to preserve the bringing to the growing church in upright racial characteristics of the people, temples belonging to China, and for the leavening inestablished religions (the worship fluence which the Church, in turn, of exemplary figures in history, will increasingly exert in every religion with a moral creed and phase of national progress. It cerclean history)-these may stand. tainly means much to the new But idol-worship and immorality government that so many men of must go." When the idols in the Christian character have been temple of the god of the wall and available to take positions of remoat of Paotingfu' were recently sponsibility. This is a direct con- smashed, some wept, others cursed, tribution of missions. Especially while one old priest carried away can we hope much from the de- for kindling wood pieces of the voted Christian womanhood of very idols which he had served so China as it accepts the challenge long. It is a questionable policy, of the new freedom which Chris- thus to take away the objects of tian progress is bringing.

A praying church at home means a conquering church abroad. Nothing so much encourages the missionary as the knowledge that those at home are bearing him up on the wings of their prayers. James Gilmour said, "Unprayed for, I feel like a diver at the bottom of the river with no air to breathe; or like the fireman with an empty hose in a burning building."

"Prayer and the New Life," by W. F. Richardson.

HOME MISSION TASK

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

STRICTLY speaking, the task stitution. The home mission en- of nationally organized home terprise stands ready to step aside missions is not to Christianize in any given community as soon as America. To be sure, America the church in that community is sorely needs to he Christianized, able to get along without home but that is the task of the Chris- missionary help. Ideally it is the tian Church. The organized home business of nationally organized mISSIOn enterprise is not the home missions to work itself out Church nor is it the sum total of of a job just as soon as possible.

the activities of all the churches. As a practical matter of fact, how- The essential job of nationally or- ever, the responsibility of nation- ganized home missions is to help ally organized home missions is, make the Church, with a well- in spite of the enormous achieve- rounded program of worship, evan- ments of the past, far greater to- gelism, religious education and day than when the enterprise was community ministry, available in launched somewhat more than a communities where, without this century ago. help, such a church with such a This fundamental conception, program would not exist. What- that the home mission enterprise ever else home missions may ac- is built about the church as a com- complish, if it fails here it fails in- munity institution and that it deed. will succeed or fail in proportion The program of home missions as it succeeds or fails in carrying is concerned primarily with the out this fundamental purpose of Church as a community institu- making adequate churches with tion; with the organization of adequate programs available in all churches in communities where communities, does not mean that they do not exist; with the pro- home mission agencies shall never viding of adequate and trained engage in any sort of work other leadership in communities which than that directly related to local for one reason or another are not church programs. It does mean, able to provide such facilities and however, that the primary and de- such leadership for themselves; termining program of horne mis- and with the increasing of the ef- sions has to do with local churches ficiency of churches with programs in particular communities and now inadequate to meet the needs with the establishment of such in- of their respective communities. stitutions on a self-sustaining basis The home mission enterprise is as soon as feasible. It is the bu<:;ibuilt upon the basic assumption of ness of horne missions to mini~ter the worthwhileness of the ministry religiously to certain types of comof Christian churches in local com- munities until such a time as the munities, just as our public edu- task can he turned over to local cational systems are built upon the leadership and be maintained from conviction of the worthwhileness local resources.

of the school as a community in- The conducting of schools and 182 colleges and the maintaining of of such education indicates clearly eleemosynary institutions, which that only under very exceptional under certain special conditions conditions should home mission may have seemed or may still seem funds be used to maintain schools to be desirable adjuncts of the and colleges. Higher education home mission enterprise, is not even among exceptional groups fundamental to the task of home should not be primarily or perma- missions. In general, even among nently a home missionary task. To what we have sometimes called our divert home mission funds into under-privileged groups, we must such channels is to run the risk of and should depend upon state sup- failure in the one task which is ported schools for the furnishing essentially the home mission task, of both elementary and advanced and for which no other agency is education to all groups under the responsible, namely, the providing United States flag. Both from the of religious ministry for local com- standpoint of expense and of pub- munities.

lic policy, home missionary agen- Nor is the hospitalization of cies cannot, except under very un- America a home mission task. Hos- usual conditions, afford to compete pitals are greatly to be desired, but with or to duplicate the program they must be made available by of the public schools. Allowing for agencies other than those of na- exceptions to the rule and recog- tionally organized home mission nizing the important part played bodies. The home mission task by home mission schools in raising committed to the home mission up leaders, we must still face the boards of America can never be fact that the maintaining of home accomplished by the multiplication missionary schools is and should of hospitals.

be a decreasing factor in home The Community Approach mISSIOns. We must also face the limitations and the social dangers The approach of home missions of maintaining such enterprises on is essentially the community ap- a racial basis in communities proach, and the interest of home where public school segregation no missions is prim!lTily t~1::"t of the longer exists or never has existed. Christian Church.

The enormous advance in public The home mission enterprise is !:'chool procedure and support dur- interested in the following three ing recent decades adds additional types of communities: weight to the statement above 1. Communities which, for one made. When we consider higher reason or another, are unab!e to education the practical question of provide a religious ministry with- support again arises. Higher edu- out aid from outside of the com- cation is so expensive that most munity. Such communities include mission boards have never in their sparsely settled rural communities entire history received as much and communities suffering from money as is represented by the special economic handicaps.

building and endowment invest- 2. Communities which may not ment of certain individual univer- be suffering from economic handi- sities now open to representatives caps or from sparse population, of any class or racial group. Were but in which, because of the indif- there no other reason, the expense ference on the part of adults, re-

ligious work will not be maintained line with the essential missionary without aid from outside of the task of extending a well-rounded community. Polyglot sections in church ministry to groups not now many of our great cities are typi- reached by such ministry. cal, also Mormon communities and some industrial centers. In these The home mission enterprise sections religious work may yield must depend upon denominational large returns, particularly in the legislative bodies to speak in matlives of the growing boys and girls, ters of theology, creeds, ecclesiaswhile, at the same time, it is im- tical organizations and even upon possible to arouse enough interest such questions as international among the adult population to de- peace, inter-racial relations, temvelop a self-supporting work. perance and similar matters ….. . 3. In communities w her e In the field of church efficiency, churches now exist, and possibly maintain themselves without out- as that is related to the ways of side help, but where the church doing things, such as the best way program is entirely inadequate to to make a local parish survey, the meet the religious needs of the best way to conduct a financial various grou'ps to be found in the program, the best way to build a church, the best way to conduct a communities in question. program of evangelism and in sim- To put the matter another way, ilar fields, our boards of home mis- sions can assume to speak with home mission agencies have two some authority, not the authority main tasks: to help maintain re- of autocrats, but the authority of ligious work in communities where trusted servants who by virtue of such subsidy is necessary, and to long experience and broad and increase the efficiency of churches in all types of communities where varied contacts know more about churches are failing to meet the the job as a whole than anyone religious needs of their communi- else. ties with a reasonably adequate program of religious ministry. The organization of the various departments in our home mission It is a home missionary task to boards during the past generation enter an 'Indian Reservation and and the employment of experts in establish a church for three hun- various fields of local church endred Indians otherwise neglected, deavor have been a recognition of but it is equally a home missionary this very important function of task to persuade an organized self- home mission boards, and there is supporting church to include in its reason to believe that, as the work ministry three hundred persons of of home missions progresses, this foreign birth residing in that com- phase of the enterprise will assume munity, but previously neglected relatively greater importance. by the Church, and to show that Church how to do the new job. In If it is a missionary task to raise the one case the actual expenditure and expend a million dollars in of home mission funds in a local home missionary work from a cencommunity may be involved, while tral budget, it is also a missionary in the other case no such direct ex- task to employ a skilled workman penditure may be necessary, but in who will assist local communities to raise from their own resources each instance the procedure is in a similar amount of money for ex- penditure in a similar type of

THE HOME MISSION TASK TODAY

work. As a matter of fact we have tension, taken in its broadest already in the employ of home mi§.- meaning, and of local church effision agencies single individuals ciency, the home mission boards of whose work has resulted in the America have a task sufficient to raising of millions of dollars for challenge the imagination, capalocal enterprises which would bilities and resources of the folotherwise not have been raised. lowers of Jesus Christ. This money did not pass through a central treasury, but it accom- One might hope for a time when plished home mission ends. all communities in America would be able and wi11ing to support their One aim of home mission boards own church enterprises. At presshould be to secure as large and as ent such a situation seems far in speedy local support for all home the distance, but it is doubtful missionary enterprises as possible. whether the time will ever come There is nothing to be gained by when the Protestant churches can supporting an enterprise from a wisely do away with some national national treasury, if by some ex- agencies, corresponding to the pert guidance the local enterprise can be so organized as to become home mission boards as at present .self-supporting. In the past, local organized, to act as clearing houses communities have been left too for the best methods of work in much to their own devices with the local parishes, to blaze new trails consequent result that local re- of service, to hold up ideals of sources have frequently not been parish survey, organization and adequately developed. The develop- program and to stimulate local ment of these local resources both workers to more effective enin terms of money and leadership deavor. is a distinctly missionary function which in many cases home mission At the risk of pointing out the boards are already equipped to obvious we may call attention to perform, and at which they are in the fact that the interpretation of a limited way already at work. home missions in terms of church This is surely a field where home and community as already sugmh,3ionary effort can and should gested will help to relieve the home be greatly expanded. missionary enterprise of the long- standing and increasingly un- And what applies to this field of fortunate obsession that home finance applies also to the many missions is a matter of one particother phases of local church effi- ularly fortunate race doing someciency. The promotion of evangel- thing for a group of other less ism, of larger parish organizations, fortunate races, or of people born of better building programs, of in some favored spot ministering city and rural missionary societies, to others who have chanced to be of community service, worship and born at other places. religious education programs, of a seven-day-a-week ministry to boys Many studies show that this traand girls and young men and wom- ditional conception is contrary to en, and similar activities, has been, the facts in the case, and, were is, and should be even more the that not true, the time has arrived task of home mission boards. when to continue to think in such terms will serve only to defeat us In the two fields of church ex- in the accomplishment of the very ends toward which we strive.

TWO RHODESIA" BOYS OF' THE AF'I(!(,.: BUSH SCHOOL

YOUTH OF

BY MAX YERGAN, M.A., Alice, Cape Province, South Africa aeneral Secretary of the South African Work of the International Y. M. C. A.

SEVENTY-ONE years ago Da- eyes and look on the fields, for they vid Livingstone thrilled and are white already to harvest." In challenged Great Britain and a very real sense this was true of America with his recital of what Africa in Livingstone's time; it he had seen and felt in the Africa is more true today. In the same of his day. His story was a re- sense in this brief article I too beg strained but convincing description to direct your attention to the of the horrors of the slave trade. youth of Africa. With an understanding that knew Any consideration of African that attention directed to the re- youth of today and tomorrow must be made in the light of tremendous moval of this curse from the land forces which have served to shape their life and that today are casting would be bound to give itself to the mold into which that life must other needs of the people of Africa more or less fit. he pursued his great ideal, t~ healing of "the open sore." On through his journeys and work in In the first place there is that Africa and his addresses in Britain vast background of indiginous down to his lonely death in Chitam- African life. We do not know a bo's village he made his magnifi- great deal about it but it had with- cent appeal to the conscience of in it forces which fitted African the Western WorId. youth more or less for the life- That appeal, spread though it experiences they would have. The was over years of loneliness and duties of manhood, the responsi- ceaseless travel, and written lit- bilities of life within the tribe, erally in the blood of the man who methods of the hunt, or raising cat- made it, may nevertheless be ex- tIe and to a degree of agriculture, pressed in Livingstone's now clas- methods of house 'and home buildsic sentence: "I beg to direct your ing-all these were a part of the attention to Africa." In these training of African youth of the eight words there is the epitome past. of a volume. They may be said to Then there was another body of' represent the anguished cry of mil- training, tradition and experience Hons of this continent who have which dealt with the less tangible suffered in the past or are today but nevertheless just as real things in sore need. They are in a large of life. I refer to the customs, measure the hope of those who la- taboos, and that mysterious realm bor in Africa today, who are ap- of the spirit world wherein are pealing to and waiting upon the found belieffl and practices many force of an enlightened public of which. when unden'ltood, comol)inion both within and without mand l'eflpect becaufle they are well the continent. reasoned and are a part of the The words of David Livingstone metaphysical speculation as well must have been inspired by that as the natural religious gifts of all utterance of Jesus: "Lift up your peoples. The Greeks, the Romans 167

and the Egyptians, no less than traditions, at least suggests anpeople of today were all character- other. ized by such mystical beliefs and practices. How could it be other- The inevitable consequence of a wise when we face such mysterious clash within the rules or laws of forces as life and death? social or religious thinking and acting is at least a temporary pe- Without doubt there were in riod of social and religious weakthose past ages, and there are oc- ness. That, one maintains, is in a casionally in our own day in the large measure the position of Afmore primitive and remote sections rican youth today. The plain fact, of Africa, (I will not refer to sec- as we shall presently see, is that tions of the civilized world), or- while there is much in Africa's deals and horrors of a revolting own past that is good and infinitely nature. Ignorance has been and is worth retaining, indeed must be responsible for so much shame and retained, it has been tuned to a suffering t hat one is always life which exists on a basis that tempted to make a plea for light is different and is increasingly difand more light; as a matter of fering from the basis of that life fact that is the object of this pa- which Africans of today and toper. "The light that lighteth every morrow must live. Even if Africa man's life,"-that is what is had had fewer contacts with the wanted for this youth of Africa. outside world there would contin- ually exist the utmost necessity of It is not necessary to point out purifying and improving her own that much of the assets of Africa's indiginous heritage. No thoughtheritage was and is based on a life ful African may say that pristine in which, and as a result of which, Africa could or can afford to be those assets came into being. It without the benefits of knowledge becomes manifest therefore that or religious growth. On her own the African youth we view today account therefore, and certainly as comes into life endowed with a her- a result of the operation of outside itage of mixed content and much forces the present day youth of of it based on an experience of the Africa find themselves not only in past which is deereasingly becom- need of the good that the past and ing the order of today. If his past present hold for them, but at the says to him walk, his present de- same time in need of deliverance mands that he run; if yesterday from the undesirable aspects both limited his thoughts to his tribe, of their own indiginous heritage today opens up a vision of race, and of their present more or less nation and world; whereas the extraneously constructed environthought processes of yesterday ment. We must now refer to this were largely controlled by tradition extraneous force. and much of that untested, today a large part of African youth is The effect of outside, particularfaced with a new set of rules of ly western forces, upon African life, a new body of knowledge much life has been rapid, far reaching, of which has to his intellectual sat- and of mixed good and evil results. isfaction been tried and proved. Half a century ago with the ex- The consequence is confusion. The ception of her coastal regions, and head leads in one direction, the a considerable section at the southheart, that is to say much of his ern end of the continent, Africa

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

COMING AFRICANS AT THE Y. M. C. A. CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN YOUTH

proper was virtually unknown. pect of the Africa which we must With the penetration of the inte- know and face today if we would rior came knowledge of the vast understand and cooperate with her deposits and other unknown pos- sons and daughters. sibilities of wealth. The eyes and the hands of the western world As regards the effect of this were then turned toward and upon western penetration and control, it the continent. Then followed the is a matter for profound thankful- European scramble for political ness that it did not take place at control of Africa and the subse- an earlier date preceding the outquent exploitation of her posses- burst of the evangelistic, missionsions. This control has now been ary and humanitarian spirit of obtained and the exploitation is Europe and America. Had this under way. If we make a possible been the case, there might have exception along the Mediterranean been enacted in Africa scenes and also except Liberia and Abys- which for wanton cruelty and utsinia the almost startling fact we ter disregard of human values face is that the whole of this vast would have paralleled or exceeded continent has fallen under the po- the terrible deeds of those who vislitical control of five European ited such hardships and cruelty powers and under the economic upon the original inhabitants of control of Europe, America and South America and the islands of Asia. The result in part has been the New World. One says this not- "an upheaval, a riving, a shatter- withstanding the history of cruelty ing, a transformation, a metamor- in the early days of European conphosis, the breakup of an eon, the tact with the Congo and other reshaping of a continent-say it isolated instances of extreme achow you will, and think of it all tion on the part of Europeans. As as happening with almost cataclys- a matter of fact it was that humic suddenness." manitarianism referred to that called a halt to the "Belgian atro- This fact of the more or less cities" and it has all along been a complete taking over of Africa and healthy morality in Europe and to some extent of Africans, is the America which has refused to certain observation of every seri- countenance by their silence more ous student of African affairs. It flagrant violations of human rights is a large portion of the thesis of and justice in Africa. Professor Buell's "The Native Problem in Africa," Mr. E. W. But while we accept the above Smith's, "The Golden Stool," as well as his "The Christian Mission view as regards the moral control in Africa," and of Professor Wil- of Western penetration into Afriloughby's "Race Problems in the ca, we must not lose sight of a New Africa." Even in books in- great fact to which Mr. J. H. Oldtended for mission study such as ham in his "Christianity and the "Thinking With Africa" by the Race Problem," very properly calls Missionary Education Movement our attention. After pointing out of America, "The New Africa" by Donald Fraser and "Africa in the what he terms the "shrinkage of Making" by H. D. Hooper empha- the world" where distance and time sis is necessarily given to this as- have by scientific invention been greatly minimized thus making for increased human contacts and a

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

larger measure of common life, Mr. higher demands of human nature. Yet it cannot be evaded. Oldham writes as follows: Thus we behold the youth of a In striking contrast to this shrink- numerous race in an almost hisage of the world through the improve- torically unprecedented position. ment of means of communication is the It is compelled to do battle on two lack of any corresponding achievement fronts at the same time, a feat in bringing about moral and !!piritual from every angle possessed of inunity. While physically the peoples herent strategic weakness. On one of the world have been brought closer side African youth is confronted together psychologically they are in with the task of carrying, improvdanger of drifting further apart. New ing or discarding the impedimenta causes of antagonism have emerged. Attempts are being made to set up SCENE IN THE BANTU Y. M. C. A. AT JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AF'RICA impassable barriers. Closer proximity of their natural heritage; this is and greater economic dependence on admittedly a task which the youth one another do not make it any easier of whatever race must face, and for the peoples of the world to live Africans constitute no exception, relatively speaking, to the general together in mutual understanding and rule of enthusiastic approach to it. harmonious cooperation. Having by All of this on one side of the shield; its enterprise, inventions and eager on the other is to be seen the difpursuit of wealth succeeded in making ficulty created by the fact that the world into a single whole, man- Africans must carry their normal burden and at the same time make kind is now confronted with the more extraordinary adjustments which difficult task of establishing a moral almost inexorable circumstances unity. This is a greater and more exacting task than that which has already been accomplished; it makes

demand of them. These circum- ed by a more lofty ideal of life.

stances are the essence of the effect A third answer will be of more of those outside forces which are interest and satisfaction to readers described above, of good and bad of this REVIEW. It is an answer content. Such is the condition of given by thousands of Europeans African youth today; what, in the in Africa; it is fully shared by face of this complicated situation almost every thoughtful African; can be said of that youth of to- it is nothing, if it is not a force in morrow? This is the question to the idealistic thinking of people which we must now give consid- wherever they dwell. It is at once eration. our answer, our inspiration and our Various answers could be given plan or chart of action. Weare to the question proposed. In fact happy to try to set forth this an- the answers have been given and swer here for it is to the point of are everyday being given. In the view of this REVIEW and doubtless first place, there are those who of most of its readers. That an- frankly say or if they do not say swer is contained in another and it certainly indicate by their ac- greater question: What is God's tions their belief that the African will for the youth of Africa?

of tomorrow shall be at best a con- Now this is not evading the is- venience to the personal represent- sue nor is it a resort to an easy atives of those outside forces which way out by the utterance of what have invaded the continent. One some may call mere pious plati- doubts very much if this view real- tudes. Indeed God's will for Africa ly represents a preponderantly is the most difficult solution that controlling part in the opinions we could set ourselves to discover even of these personal representa- and realize for it is as true today tives; indeed there is much evi- as it was when it was said of Him dence to the contrary. But this "My ways are not thy ways nor opinion is strong; it works and My thoughts thy thoughts."

manifests itself in a. most subtle The responsibility of bringing in manner. Good, well intentioned the Kingdom of God in Africa so people of non-African races find far as human instrumentality is themselves driven at tim€s by re- concerned rests certainly with the lentless circumstances to subscribe three following groups: The na- to it. tives of Africa, the Europeans in Secondly, there are those who go Africa and Christian people else- somewhat farther than the opinion where, especially in Europe and just described and hold that the America. We may get our picture African has rights and that he of African youth of tomorrow from should really be permitted to de- a consideration of these three cen- velop according to his rights, that ters of responsibility, for nothing is, so long as such development does else is quite so important for our not interfere with those more im- immediate purpose.

portant and sacred rights of these The youth of Africa has been sub- ,particular non-Africans. This is ject to the same influences which also a fairly representative answer have moved among youth the world to our question and it is of impor- around. How could it be otherwise tance because it is a good basis for when we remember that the war moving on to an attitude support- and all that it disclosed and re-

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

leased affected Africa in the same that the desires, demands, and ef- way and to the same relative de- forts of African youth, with few gree as was the case elsewhere? exceptions, will be put forth in the It is natural therefore to expect spirit of Him in whose name Life a strong spirit of nationalism or is promised and sought.

racialism; and this we do find. Oc- Europeans in Africa are if any- casionally this spirit expresses it- thing more responsible for that de- self in anti-European utterances sirable tomorrow of 1frican youth and action; but this is decidedly than the latter themselves. What the exception. As I pointed out in we have said about the inexorably the chapter I wrote for "Thinking overwhelming nature of European With Africa," One does not believe control of Africa is fair proof of that the explanation of this unrest this statement. Wise leaders is an anti-government, or anti- among Europeans in Africa are European spirit; it is rather an realizing that the destiny of both evidence of a more positive desire; white and black is inseparably we Christians call it the "Good along the same road and are cour- Life." Jesus not only gave it a ageously advocating a program of name, but declared that His mis- real cooperation; it may be coop- sion was to make it possible for eration with discipline and the nec- people to have this good full life essary junior and senior partner- and have it in abundance. ship status, so long as required, Therefore when African youth but nevertheless real cooperation.

desire, demand and struggle for This will make clear to the African the right of respect for and devel- the encouraging fact that he has opment of their own personality, a future in his own land. In a few when they ask that a stigma of instances, particularly in sections inferiority be removed from them, of West Africa and to a great de- when they demand and strive for gree in the Transkeian section of adequate educational facilities, and South Africa wise and far sighted when they express their strong dis- government policy has committed satisfaction with political and so- itself to principles of progressive cial arrangements under which cooperation whereby Africans will they live-in other words, when play an increasing part in the en- they declare that they have not that tire life of the community.

which through Christ we know to It must also be remembered that be the will of God for them, they there are Christian forces at work are but giving impression to that among Europeans who dwell in witness which every quality of Africa. To the knowledge of the manhood, every desire to live and writer these forces have both in grow and all that we know of God's South Africa and East Africa will for man demand that they borne excellent and at times fruit- bear. ful witness to their conviction of And last but certainly not least, God's will for Africans, even where the African's sense of proportion, the immediate interest of the Afri- his cooperative spirit, his proven can and European appeared to be patience and sorely tried tolerance, in conflict. As a matter of fact, if and his real belief in God, more it were not common knowledge to real when he knows Him through the readers of this REVIEW, one Christ, are sufficient guarantees would have taken much more space 3

and time to show how Christianity moral and spiritual forces being as an outside force which has come far behind the physical and eco- into Africa by way of the Western nomic is still preeminently true in world has, with exceptions of this continent. Ignorance, back- course, been a fairly consistent pro- wardness and social weakness claimer of the good life of Christ's among Africans, and ignorance, gospel for Africans and how mis- selfishness and injustice among sionaries have usually identified Europeans all enmeshed in the themselves with the promotion of toils of blind material forces still the African's interests. It is not cry out for that light, that guid- without basis that the African has ance and those qualities which one placed all white people in two believes can be given by a fuller groups-"Missionaries and other following of Jesus of Nazareth and whites." One could refer most fav- the implications of His teachings ourably to the work not only of about life.

missionaries but of those churches This leads up to our final con- serving Europeans exclusively in sideration: The responsibility South Africa, for instance, and pay resting upon Christians in Europe, them the tribute due them for their America and elsewhere for making steady growth towards truer Chris- available for the future of Africa thin expression and action. the sure gospel of Christ and there- The Christian Student Move- by sharing in realizing the will of ment in South Africa is again one God for the full life of Africans.

of the most hopeful factors for the This is the inexorable challenge of development of a truly Christian Africa to the Western world. At- life for the African as well as the tention must be directed to this European youth of tomorrow and continent not only because of her for the promotion of Christian at- ills on her own account but because titudes and practices in the sphere of those which have been imposed of future interracial relationship. from without. Africa has become Recent action within this move- a part of the life of the world; ment whereby an interracial stu- Europe and America draw upon dent conference has been held, and her material commodities without non-European speakers brought stint; she is now part of the family before large audience of European and therefore in the truest meaning students, are indications of the pos- of God's Fatherhood and our sibility of a future based on knowl- Brotherhood must share in what- edge and Christian principles, than ever is worth while in the family.

which no more solid foundation can One of the first things Christian be laid for the building of a per- people outside Africa can do is to manent and desirable future for know something about conditions African youth. But having pointed in the continent. Much has been out the above, this consideration written and volumes are being pro- of the part to be played by Euro- duced in increasing annual quanti- peans in the future of African ties. Reference has been made in youth must be closed by calling at- this article to half a dozen books tention to the fact that there is not which will at once open up to the yet a Christian Africa in which reader the amazing story of life, God's will is to be realized. Mr. development and conditions in Af- Oldham's observation about the rica of half a century's duration.

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

One is quite sure that the head- whereby the church, the state and quarters of various denominational private philanthropy are united in mission Boards will lend them- one great forward program of full, selves to the truly missionary task well-founded education, the cure of helping people to know the facts and prevention of disease, and the as they are to be had from books. raising of the whole social vision and practice of the people. This Secondly, Christians may add can be done because there are intheir strength to the growing mor- stances where it has been done. If al opinion of the Western world Christ is concerned with the bringtoday as regards the latter's atti- ing in of a full life, He certainly tude and practice towards the large means for us to make use of all social, economic and political ques- the available forces of life for that tions which have arisen because of purpose. If a beginning were to the penetration of Western forces be made for properly serving Afinto Africa and the well-nigh total rica with medical and agricultural westernization of these aspects of facilities, assuming of course the Africa's life. foundations for this service, one believes that the tomorrow of Af- In the third place, Western rican youth would be infinitely Christians can continue to join brighter than it now appears. with Christian forces within Africa in the direct task of evan- Fortunately much has happened gelization, education, and social of late to quicken interest in the improvement. I used the word world mission of the Christian "continue" because I am aware of Church. The conditions, the meththe invaluable contribution which ods of procedure, and most of all has already been made in this way a knowledge of the controlling powto Africa's life. If the missionary er, spirit and motive of the misenterprise has done much in the sionary enterprise in Africa may past I am convinced that it is called be obtained from the reports of the upon to do infinitely more in the recent missionary gathering at future. Right now, I know of no Jerusalem,l and that at Le Zoute,S single force that is accomplishing Belgium in 1926. If a tithe of the so much for good as the individual hope, prayer, and work of these witness for Christ which is being gatherings may be realized for Afborne by a few missionaries not rica, then we need have no fear so much in words as by their atti- about the future of Africa and her tudes and practices towards and youth. work among and with Africans. The opportunity is still with us and 1. "The Vorld lIission of Christianity" confor a very long time will be for this taining the messages and recommendations of sort of missionary activity. the Enlarged ~Ieeting of the International Mis· sionary ConJl('il held at Jerusalem March 24th As regards Education and So- to April 8, 1928. cial Service one has in mind that larger conception of missions 2. "The Christian Mission in Africa." A Study based on the Procef'dlngs of the Int.er- national Conference at Le Zoute, Belgium, Sep- temher 14 to 21. 1926. By Edwin W. Smith.

When the dust of business so fills your room that it threatens to choke you, sprinkle it with the water of prayer, and then you can cleanse it out with comfort and expedition. J. S.

JERUSALEM-IN

BY HABIB SUBHAEYAH, Hams, Syria I N GENERAL the Jerusalem causes, the purposes of the great Missionary Conference had a conference, and the subjects that bad effect on the non-Christian were discussed. The same expla- community throughout S y ria, nations were given by the author mainly due to a misunderstanding in meetings of native Christians.

of its purpose. Fears and suspi- It has been said that it is now cions propagated by magazines and the time of sowing, not the time of newspapers were caused, as I was reaping, but there is reason to be- told by some religious leaders, by lieve that the reaping will be great two main facts: and that the spiritual results will 1. That the conference limited be so large that thousands will itself to Protestants. have greater faith and the name 2. That it did not admit into its of God will be glorified.

sessions Moslem theologians from Although I have attended many any part of the Moslem World. spiritual meetings with different The presence of such Moslem mem- purposes, I have never been as bers, it was asserted, would have much affected as by this confer- prevented the severe criticism of ence. Its spirit, its discussions, its the Press, the indignation and Christian teachings and deeds, the organized demonstrations of the number of its members, the char- public. Newspaper writers were acter of its president with his specially aroused by the fact that affective words inspired by the they were not admitted to the spirit of God. All were striking meetings. and effective. Even if I should The efforts to make it clear that live to the age of Jared (962 years) the conference entertained no en- or even to that of Methusalah (969 mity toward Moslems, and that it years) that impression could never aimed at a better service to the pass away from my memory.

world through the church, were Precious Memories not of much avail, although some learned leaders did take the Here are some of the memories writer's articles and friendly chats I still bear in mind: to heart. 1. The walk with the members As to the effect on Syrian Chris- of the conference from Bethany to tians it gives one pleasure to speak. the Mount of Olives on Palm Sun- In the presence of Dr. and Mrs. day, which brought to mind the Speer, two American active mem- passion that made Christ weep bers of the great conference, a over the people of that city which general meeting for the Syrian had the best chance to be saved workers was held in Beirut. An- by Him, and which preferred ig- other meeting was held for all the norance to knowledge, bad to good, American missionaries in Syria at the world to the Saviour of the the same time, and Dr. Speer with world, perdition to salvation, dark- the cooperation of Rev. James ness to light and unbelief to belief.

Nicol, undertook to explain the There are many today who, from 196 sheer ignorance, by refusing to ac- Jesus bearing His cross for us all. cept Jesus as his Saviour make 4. Lastly is the memory revived him again weep fOJ; us. by our entrance to the tomb where 2. The two hours spent in the lay the body of Christ after having garden where Jesus separated died for the love of us. from His disciples, choosing three of them, from whom he also sep- The main points that impressed arated to pray. The readings to- the congregation by the conference gether with the private and public may be summed up in the followprayers, under the leadership of ing: Rt. Rev. Rennie Macinnes, D.D., Bishop of Jerusalem, while we sat 1. That Christ is God, the Creadown on the ground amongst the tor of heaven and earth. stones and shrubs, thrilled our hearts with the spiritual sense of 2. That God was incarnated in communion with Christ. a perfect human being.

3. The memory revived by tak- 3. That Christ did die and did ing the way in which Jesus walked rise and that by His death we are as a criminal to be judged was saved. brought home to us still more vividly by the little shop across the 4. That Christ is ever living and way where stands the statue of is forever the most holy God, worthy of all worship and rever- ence by all angels and saints in heaven and by all the creatures on earth for ever and ever, Amen.

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE BY WILLIAM M. STRONG, Concepcion, Chile The following is an interesting Wernet him riding along the letter recently received from Mr. Wm. road, and recognized him by his Mbu.sinSetrsosngm, ana Nwehwo wYeonrkt tCohrSisotuiathn dress, so we decided to settle the America, at his own expense, and founded "The Soldiers' Gospel Mis- matter immediately, if possible. sion." He is now located at Concep- When he heard what it was we cion, Chile, but visits various points wanted, he started to storm against where soldiers-a much neglected hypocrites! This was not very enclass-are located, and with Gospel meetings and Scripture distribution, couraging but, with our experience has led many into new life in Christ. in the life insurance business, we refused to be discouraged easily. EDITOR. When the storm had ceased, we asked: ASHORT time ago on entering a regimental barracks to ar- "Well, what do you say? Shall range for a Gospel meeting we have the meeting or not 1" we found that the comandante was out, and so we went for a walk out His answer, was about as fol- lows: in the country. The commander of each regiment has full authority in "Look here, I'm absolutely irmatters affecting the morale of religious and opposed to all re- ligion. I don't even allow the his troops so that we have to "sell 'padres' to hold a religious meeting our idea" to each colonel in turn. with my troops. If you want to This particular man was unknown hold a meeting come along at five o'clock, but if you say a word about to us.

religion I'll throw you out in the "Exactly what we showed you street." this morning, sir," was our reply.

"We're out in the street now," He demanded a reexamination we replied, "and it might be better and then gave his consent to the to stay here in that case. But let distribution. Without the opporus tell you something! You've a tunity to put the Word of Life in bunch of men that you know you've the hands of the men, we would tried your best to reform. In spite feel that our work would be unof all your efforts and lectures on fruitful. alcoholism and the sex problem, they do not obey you. But there As the men started to file out of is an Almighty Power that you the hall, the comandante shouted, have not tried that will trans- "Sientense todos!" (Everybody sit form their lives and make them down!) . decent, happy, respectable, hardworking men. We give you fair We wondered what could be warning that if you do let us in we coming next! He started on a discannot but speak of this mighty course to his men, beginning with Power that. will make them new- the Constitution of Chile, citing born creatures. We will tell them the clause which grants religious the Way to attain this new life and, furthermore, we have proofs liberty and then said, out of your own army in other "For this reason I have perplaces as to what God has already done !" mitted Sr. Strong to speak to you. I wish to say further that the Finally he gave a sort of grudg- teachings of Christ are highly ing consent for a meeting, and so beneficial and I trust that you will we parted. all profit by this good counsel which you have heard." That afternoon when we began to speak of Christ's salvation and He then turned and shook hands with us cordially. We do not bepower to deliver from the guilt lieve in "pussyfooting" God's mesand power of sin, the comandante, sage, but we never have expected burst into the room and strode to an open endorsement of it, especi· the front, apparently with the in- ally from a high official. When it came from such a man, it was a tention of stopping the meeting. surprise indeed! Suddenly he paused, when within :fifteen feet of us, and began to lis- After our arrival at home, we ten to a story we were telling. He sent this officer a New Testament, remained silent while we continued and we herewith translate a part the meeting without interruption, of his reply: quoting God's Word and pointing the way of salvation. "Colonel X- wishes to greet At the close, we asked the head Sr. Gmo. Strong and would state sergeants, as usual, to come for- that he has gratefully received ward and receive their copies of el "Nuevo Testamento," which he the Gospel of St. John to distribute will read with the hope that the among the men. Then the comandante interfered and asked to Supreme Creator will place a know what they were. pavilion of consolation over his 'a I m a pecardora empedernida' (sinful hardened soul)."

Pray for this poor fellow who is but a type of many officers who have attended our meetings and

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE

for whom we ask your prayers. for the distribution of New Testa- These officers come from the best ments among the men of the army families of Chile, and, as in other and navy. This will increase the places, are a hard class to reach cost of transportation, but we can with the Gospel. commit these details to the One Who has called us to labor in this We wish that you would praise part of His vineyard. Pray God the Lord with us for the fact that that His blessing may rest upon means have been partly provided this work.

A REMARKABLE INVALID IN SHANGHAI* BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, Shanghai, China I N THE course of my journeys was working in the office of a it has been my privilege to magistrate in Hinghwa, in Kiangsu meet a number of heroic in- province. He went to church valids in various lands. from time to time, and was once presented with a copy of the Bible, For seventeen years Mr. D. C. but did not read it. At length, Hu has had an affliction that would after he became paralyzed, when leave most of us helpless invalids. in great extremity and pain, he began to read the Word of God, He constantly lies in one position and through reading it and the on his back, his body and limbs help of friends, he accepted Christ being paralyzed. His jaws are set as his Saviour. so that his teeth are clenched and immovable. One of his front teeth After he became a Christian, he has been extracted, and through asked the Lord what he could do this opening he speaks and re- for Him in his paralyzed condiceives nourishment. Yet in spite tion? of these handicaps, he conducts two day schools and a night school, The Lord said to him, "Read teaches classes daily, and writes your Bible this year, and later I articles for a religious paper. On will come to take you to a happy Sunday morning he conducts a place across a river." Sunday-school and religious service, sometimes preaching the ser- So Mr. Hu read his Bible, and mon while lying on his cot. at the set time, a coolie came to his house and he said to him, "Will It was in Shanghai that I heard you take me to Shanghai on your of Mr. Hu through Miss Jennie V. back?" Hughes, who showed me his picture and took me to see him. "Have you any money? It is nineteen miles to the boat." Mr. Hu's room is in an old rickety building where he was "No, I have no money." teaching a class of children. We "Where are you going to stay sat down beside his cot, and Dr. after you reach Shanghai?" Mary Stone interpreted. "I do not know; but the Lord told me to go." Mr. Hu is forty-one years old. After this conversation, the Before he became paralyzed, he coolie was impelled to pawn his own clothes in order to obtain *' From the MQody Bible Institute Monthly.

funds for the journey. Then he fully, and especially about the carried Mr. Hu on his back to the Holy Spirit. As the result he be- boat, and at length they reached gan to witness with greater power.

Shanghai. When they arrived, On each Sunday at 9 a. m., Mr.

the coolie asked, "Where shall I Hu has a Sunday-school, where take you?" He replied, "To the teachers come to help in the work Shantung Road Church." There among the children. At 10: 30 the pastor greeted him cordially a. m. there is a preaching service and took him to a home for crip- for the boys and girls, and for the ples where he spent seven years neighbors.

reading and stUdying his Bible, Mr. Hu writes articles for the and while there he was baptized Chinese Christian Intelligencer, ex- by the pastor. posing the evils of the anti-Chris- On one occasion he sent an ar- tian movement, and showing the ticle to a periodical in Nanking power of Christ to reconstruct the called Spiritual Light. In this he nation. Like that great hero of told his life story. One of the the first century of the Christian editors became interested and came era, he can say, "I take pleasure in to Shanghai to see him. Through infirmities, in reproaches, in neces- this person Mr. Leland Wang was sities, in persecutions, in distresses led to call on Mr. Hu and explain for Christ's sake: for when I am to him the way of salvation more weak then am I strong."

AN INVALID'S FELLOWSHIP OF PRAYER nJ FELLOWSHIP of Prayer was noticed a look of joy spread over started some years ago by the old lady's face, and she said: Miss Irvine of Dublin,* an "I am so thankful to hear what you invalid, whose influence has spread say because I did it." Then she to America and other lands. Year told him that several years before by year additional members are a missionary from the same area enrolled who give definite time for had visited the parish and had intercession. Many also write or called on her, and told her some- dictate letters, expressing their thing of his difficulties and of the joy at being able to take part in special problem of the district, this definite service. closed to evangelistic effort. From Some years ago, in the West of that time for over five years she England, a visiting missionary had daily prayed that God would called upon Ii parIshioner who lived open the door into this unevangelin the parish Almshouse, and had ised area so that the Gospel might been bedridden for many years. be preached. The missionary told the invalid of This is only one example of what a certain district which, for many is happening continually. The years, had been closed to evangel- work in the mission fields owes istic effort, but had now asked for much to these patient sufferers teachers. While he was teIling of who realise that while they are laid the work and the opportunity, he aside from active work, they have still a very important sphere of • Mi8S Gladys E. P. Irvine, Han. Sec., 55 Grosvenor St., Dublin S. W. 6, Ireland. service open to them.

PICS Of THE

JERUSALEM AND DETROIT An entire morning was devoted to While the interpretation of the mes-· the significance of the Jerusalem state- ment on The Christian Message. Dr. sage and spirit of the Jerusalem Coun- Robert E. Speer and Dr. Halford Luccil goes forward in our churches, it cock, now professor of Homiletics at is gratifying to learn how seriously many of our Foreign Mission Boards Yale, spoke on the meaning and value are taking the Jerusalem pronounce- of this classic to our American ments. Six months ago, questions churches, while Mrs. Thomas Nicholwere prepared on each major theme son dwelt on those aspects of the state- ment which are of special interest to discussed at Jerusalem for the special women~ James Yen of China, in an use of Mission Boards in their study of the implications of these Jerusalem evening address on "Meeting the statements with respect to their own Needs of Rural Populations" sugadministrative policies. The annual gested a number of practical adaptameeting of the Foreign Missions Con- tions in social and economic betterference just held in Detroit, January ment activities designed to meet the 15-18, was an effective stimulus to age-long limitations of China's rural this study. Over four hundred dele- people. On the last day, Mr. Hivale gates, representing more than sixty of India, spoke very frankly before the whole conference on those relaforeign Mission Boards in the United tions between the younger and older States and Canada, were in attend- churches which to him, at least, seem ance. The program sought to focus to be false and unwelcome. An evethought on Jerusalem's challenge to ning was devoted to the recent Congo North American Boards. In open con- Jubilee Conference; Dr. J. W. Holley, ference sessions as well as in sectional a colored delegate from the south premeetings, many of the questions re- senting one of the reports. ferred to above were introduced and made the basis of discussion. In the Since the conference opened with sectional meeting on industry, for ex- a careful survey of trends in giving ample, this very pertinent question to foreign missions, and with an analwas considered: "What adjustments ysis of changes taking place in the in the program of our Boards ought attitude of our church and student to be made to enable our missionaries constituencies toward foreign misto give greater help to the Christian sions, it was only natural that the Churches of other lands in their ef- closing session should be given over forts to Christianize social and in- to the testimony of nationals on the dustrial relations?" In the group on value of the Christian World Mission Religious Education: "How far are and to an address by Dr. James Enour missionaries prepared, by material dicott of Toronto, on "Points to be gifts and by technical training, to in- emphasized in our presentation of misstitute and apply modern educational sions to the home church."

technique in their areas?" In the The annual meetings of the Foreign Home Cultivation Section: "What Missions Conference are never charchanges in program or relationships acterized by many findings or resolu- on the mission fields need careful in- tions. It is not a legislative body. terpretation in our home churches?" The Mission Boards send their dele- 261

gates to exchange points of view, to ernment but this is due to outside gain knowledge of new conditions and pressure that, it is hoped, will soon developments affecting mission admin- be removed. "There is now no civil istration and to realize that spirit of war in China," said Dr. Yui. There unity among them out of which com- may be bandits at work in some areas mon undertakings emerge. Most of but the Government is taking steps to the major emphases of the Jerusalem suppress these and at the same time Council Reports were restated at De- to reduce the army of two million troit. The Boards could not mistake soldiers to not more than one million. their meaning. In the sectional meet- These will be organized under the Naings, a number of very definite rec- 'tional Government and not as at presommendations or proposals were made ent in separate army units. The army which, we trust, will find their way to must be reduced gradually or else the individual Foreign Mission Boards for unemployed soldiers will become banfurther consideration and perhaps dits. The securing of civilian employadoption. By and large the American ment, with self-support, for the church constituency still needs a good ex-soldiers is one of the difficult probdeal of educating before it can be said lems before the Chinese Government. that our Christian laymen are fully up to the position taken by the Jeru- Another problem is that of unifysalem Council. One may go further, ing the national revenues so that inperhaps, and predict in the light of stead of offering a means for graft Detroit that, in the case of Foreign and private exploitation the National Mission Boards themselves, pressure taxes will find their way into the Nafrom the fields will need to be applied tional treasury· and local taxes only before these Boards are likely to re- will be used for local improvements spond fully to the ideals which found and administration. expression on the Mount of Olives. A third problem is that of strength- Miss Helen Calder of the American ening the official personnel, local and Board was elected to succeed Dr. James national, so that effective unselfish I. Vance of Nashville, as Chairman of service will be rendered to China. It the Conference, being the first woman is significant and encouraging that of to occupy this position. By special the ten ministers or heads of departarrangement, and in addition to the ments in the national government sevregular women delegates, a number of en are Christians, six were educated women representing the Woman's Fed- in America and two are former Y. M. eration of Foreign Mission Boards C. A. Secretaries. Dr. Yui stated that participated in the Conference as cor- in all one hundred and fifty former responding members-a sure and hap- Y. M. C. A. Secretaries are now in py augury of the closer working Chinese Government service. relationships inaugurated by special resolutions at this Conference between These are difficult days in China but these two significant interdenomina- they are days of hope and young Chitional bodies. nese leaders are convinced that now is their opportunity and they are seek- M. T. S. ing to do truly constructive work in making the new China a progressive MAKING A NEW CHINA nation.

The Chinese people are again united What are the next steps? under one central national govern- First politically. The leaders are ment, said Dr. David Z. T. Yui, the seeking to unify the country. The National Y.M. C. A. Secretary for people have discarded the monarchy China, at a recent luncheon to busi- and are opposed to any dictatorship ness men in New York City. Shan- or military overlordship. They wish tung and Manchuria may still be out a true democracy with a well organof full accord with the central Gov- ized government modelled on that of the United States and with eligibility

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

to office determined, not by sex or emissaries as one of their chief points class, but by character and capacity. of attack.

Educationally the Chinese have set The basis of the superstructure of their standards according to modern the New China must be first, the de- ideas and methods. They propose to velopment of personal Christian char- give girls and women equal opportu- acter with ideals and capacity for nities to those enjoyed by men. Today unselfish service of humanity; second, over eighty per cent of the Chinese the training in intelligent citizenship are illiterate so that one of the tasks and the faithful observance of its before new China is to provide general rights and duties; and third, better education and at the same time to give and more sympathetic international the people a practical training for life, relations. On such a basis and with with a spirit of honesty and fair play such a program China must advance and a world viewpoint. • to a most important and honored place Economically, the endeavor will be in the world of nations.

to provide better living conditions for The progress that China has made working classes, with good roads and in the past two years is more fully improved implements and methods, so dealt with in this issue by Rev. Wm.

as to provide abundance with simple A. Mather who has spent over a quar- habits of life. ter of a century in that great land.

Socially, the leaders of new China strongly uphold monogamy and the THE SPELL OF CHRIST IN JAPAN putting to an end of concubinage and Missionaries write of stirring days domestic slavery. While the cultiva- in Japan with the whole country contion and importation of opium and scious of the birth of a new political other narcotics have increased, there life. The election of members to the is to be a determined war against National Parliament last spring, under these and kindred evils. the new Enfranchisement Act, brought Religiously, the leaders stand for forth over nine million men who, for freedom of conscience, belief and wor- the first time, had the right to vote. ship. They have refused to promote The wave of a new political interest Confucianism and do not approve of spread to the uttermost parts of the anti-religious propoganda. They be- Empire. lieve that religion is the center of There are many new forces at work life and that all should acknowledge in Japan but the strongest, if not the the supremacy of the one God and the most prominent in the public eyes, is brotherhood of all mankind. the quiet but dynamic influence of the Internationally, the Chinese seek to life and teachings of Jesus Christ. place all relationships on a mutually A prominent Japanese friend, who reciprocal basis, with equal rights and has held a high Government office, refriendly relations with other nations, cently asked what the Young Men's the revision of all unequal treaties and Christian Association is doing to build the full recognition of China's sov- up strong character among the young ereignty. They seek to outlaw war men who come within the range of its and to promote international friend- influence. The secretaries everywhere ship, based on understanding, good testify to the eager interest of mem- will and cooperation with all the fam- bers in the study of Jesus Christ, ily of nations. which the Movement is sponsoring in Dr. Yui gave emphatic testimony coope.ration with the World's Comas to the important part that the mittee. There has been an unprece- Young Men's Christian Association dented demand for books as aids to has taken in training leaders for the these studies and from all parts of the New China. Because of its influence Empire have come encouraging reports and its Christian character, this or- of the growing interest in this re- ganization was marked by the Soviet newed spiritual emphasis.

A Canadian missionary, Mrs. H. C. tion I a w s discriminating against Watts, who was transferred from the Asiatics, the refusal to naturalize Indisturbed district of Northern China dians as American citizens, and beto peaceful Japan, writes: "Japan cause of the recent volume that holds seemed at first to offer dull contrast up to condemnation certain Indian to our old field-no war; no bandits. characteristics and customs. Everything worked like clockwork in a perfect system of law and order. There are signs that a storm is Efficiency seemed written over every- brewing and Mahatma Gandhi is likely thing, and this, to our Chinese eyes, to come back into Indian politics as a ears and noses, spelt dullness." leader. The young men are saying that non-violence does not work out in After six months in Tokyo, she practice and that they must unite and went to a small Japanese city, from use violent measures, if necessary, to which she writes: "We are tremen- bring. about a complete separation dously happy to be here. To one corn- from England and to gain their indeing from China, where crowds throng pendence. Gandhi has asked them to our meetings, the work at first seems wait until December 31, 1930, before very slow. But the longer one is taking any drastic action but the here, the more convinced one is that young leaders will not postpone the the work is solid and lasting. One by date beyond December 31 of the presone, they ar~ entering the Kingdom, ent year. What hinders action is the and little by little the nation is bend- division in India itself. Moslems and ing to the influence of the Spirit of Hindus cannot get together and each Christ. Young men and young wom- distrusts the other. No decided acen are reading, thinking, questioning tion can be taken without the Moham- -and God is working in their hearts. medan vote of approval. Great Brit- Step by step, stage by stage, the new ain would like to know the mind of world is being created for Japan. India but there is no such thing at Pray for Japan, that she may discover present as an "all India mind." more and more of God's truth, beauty, and love; and express these ever more India still needs guidance, the moldfully in her life and character." ing power of a dominant ideal and per- sonality, the leadership of capable un- INDIA IN THE CHANGING WORLD selfish statesmen and the power to carry out the ideals. These factors All the world is in a state of flux. can only be supplied through Christ India is no exception, but is per- and those in whom He lives and works haps, changing more radically and for the regeneration of India and of rapidly. Many diverse influences are the Indian peoples. at work, s 0 me constructive-like Christianity and nationalism-a n d SHOULD WE ABANDON WORK some destructive—-like atheism and bolshevism. There is a storm brew- FOR JEWS? ing, says Mr. C. F. Andrews, the Christian advisor of Mahatma Gandhi, In America at the present time who is now visiting America in the there is a very definite and persistent interest of promoting American-In- propaganda on the part of Jewish dian friendship. At a recent luncheon, leaders to induce the Protestant given in his honor in New York City, Church to give up all Christian mis- Mr. Andrews said in substance: sionary effort among their people. This propaganda assumes many forms, Formerly Indians regarded Amer- but its spirit and general content may ica as representing their ideal of free- be gathered from a recent article by dom and friendliness but recently a Christian clergyman in the Jewish there has been a growing bitterness TTibune. entitled "Let Us End Misagainst America because of immigra- sionary Work Among Jews." The au- thor, Dr. Edward L. Hunt, formerly

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

a pastor in New York and now a di- Dr. Isaac da Costa, the philospher, rector of the American Good Will Un- Sir Francis Palgrave, the historian, ion, voices an indictment of such Bishop Schereschewsky, the great mismissionary effort in four counts. The sionary to China who translated the article is being widely circulated and Bible into the Wenli tongue, and many is lauded by some as the expression others equally eminent. Were these or an ideal type of Christianity. It men "social climbers" who sold their will also doubtless fall into the hands Jewish heritage for a cup of afterof some who, not knowing the facts, noon tea? may be disposed to give further currency to its oracular pronouncements. It is unfortunate that this writer Here are the items of the indictment: has not met any bona fide Jewish con- verts. Among the 150,000 or more 1. "I indict Christian missionary work now in the churches of Europe there on the score of its futility. One must are thousands who have had literally search far and wide for a genuine Jew- to take up their cross to follow Christ. ish convert to Christianity. Those we It is a spiritual tonic to meet many do have are merely social climbers seek- of them. Here in America, among ing to sell their birthright of Israel for the 20,000 Hebrew Christians now in a cup of afternoon tea." the Christian churches of this country, it is not necessary to search very far This is really a serious reflection to find those who bear the hall-mark on Jewish character. It declares that of genuine devotion to Christ and His Jews are so wanting in principle that cause. If Dr. Hunt would like to meet for the bribe of a little social advan- a few of these converts, it would be tage many of them are willing to sell a pleasure to afford him the opportheir Jewish heritage. It is also a tunity that he might judge for himmore serious reflection on Christian- self as to their genuineness. ity. It asserts that Christianity is so inferior to Judaism that no Jew could The reason that a still greater numpossibly be induced to accept it unless ber of Jews do not rejoice in new some material advantage is attached found faith in Christ is because of to it. This is such a strange indict- the meagerness of the efforts put forth ment that one cannot help wondering in this field. Christ belongs to Jews what kind of Christianity the writer more than He belongs to any other has in mind. people in the world. No people is more responsive to His appeal, when And as for the "futility" of Chris- sympathetically presented, and no peo- ple who yield to Him a fuller or more tian work for the Jews, one would lasting allegiance.

like to ask this author where he got One very simple question arises in the face of this indictment. If Chrishis information. Is he only repeating tian efforts to win Jews to an accept- ance of Jesus as the Christ are so the usual Jewish sing-song, or has he woefully barren of results, why are made a real honest search for the Jews making such strenuous efforts facts? A little investigation would to stop them? have led to the discovery that 224,000 Jews entered the Christian churches 2. "I indict Christian missionary work of Europe and America during the among Jews on account of its costliness nineteenth century. If Christian work and waste. Let the Christian Church had been proportionately as fruitful use the funds which are being literally among other non-Christian peoples, thrown away for this purpose and devote the results would have been three times it t~ bringi~g .Christianity to the many greater than they actually were. nommal ChrIstIans, who are living with- Among these converts were men like out God today." Neander, the great church historian, Professor Bonfey, philologist, Sir Juli- Once again the old familiar Jewish us Benedict, the musician, Dr. Alfred sing-song! Has the author of this Edersheim, the Christian author, Sir article really investigated the expendi- William Herschell, the astronomer,

tures of the Protestant Churches of many thousands of Jews have come to America in their work for the Jews? a better understanding of Christianity It is very evident that he has not. and are opening mind and heart to If he should do so, he would get a the influence of that great Prophet of surprise, not at the vastness of the their people who has been such an unamount spent, but that it is so pitably speakable blessing to the whole world. small, and yet has been able to accom- These indirect results of a Christian plish so much. It is safe to say that ministry to the Jews would justify the total sum spent for Jewish work many times the expenditure of every by the thirty-eight Protestant denomi- dollar that has gone into the work. nations that form the Home Missions Council would not pay the salaries of 3. "I indict it because it is un-Christen prominent New York rabbis for tian. Anyone who believes in the hand of God in history must glimpse His pura single year! pose to preserve Israel and once more And as to waste, it is never easy to establish them in the land which their fathers made the Holy Land for Jews estimate spiritual values in material and Christians alike." terms. In some of our far-fiung foreign mission fields, years passed be- If Dr. Hunt could establish that fore a single convert was won. Yet charge it would end missionary work we have not heard of any denomina- among Jews at once and forever. No tion denouncing this expenditure of church and no individual Christian Christian money and effort as "waste." would engage in such effort if it could The missionaries were sowing seed for be shown as he declares, that it is a future harvest, they were breaking subversive of the divine purpose for down prejudice, making helpful con- Israel and is in reality a "fight against tacts, educating the people, and in- the manifest will of God." terpreting to them Christ and Christianity. Such service in the eyes of But from whence has this anti-mis- Christians, will never be called sionary indictment been derived? Once again, from the Jews. Every Jewish "waste." youth is instructed that God's purpose So it is in work for the Jews. for his people can only be fulfilled as they remain faithful to Moses and un- Though it is quite as fruitful as most contaminated by Christianity. It is evangelistic work for "nominal Chris- the same old utterance, but this time tians, who are living without God to- strange to say, the voice is that of a day," and in whom Dr. Hunt seems "Christian" made audible through a to be so tremendously concerned, yet Jewish megaphone. the service of missionaries among the Jews covers a much wider range. In- It is only necessary to ask this simgrained prejudices must be removed ple question: is it true? With the –often prejudices deliberately fos- New Testament in our hands, it is tered by the synagogue; the mission- not difficult to find the answer. This aries must teach the people the truth work of seeking to win the Jews has about Christ and Christianity, which behind it the command of the Master, has been so long withheld from them; His own example and that of all the they have to create good will, a good Apostles. Even the great Apostle to will that is real and abiding because the Gentiles made it his practice to it ignores no fundamental issue and give the Gospel "to the Jew first," goes to the very heart of the problem. never thinking that in so doing he Because of this service tens of thou- was working against God's manifest sands of Christians in all parts of the purpose for Israel, but profoundly concountry now cherish a real love for the vinced that Christ holds in His hand Jews, and would gladly share with the future of His people, and that them their chief treasure-the knowl- there is no high place for the Jew in edge and faith of Jesus Christ our the purpose of God in Palestine or Lord. And because of this service anywhere else apart from Jesus

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Christ. The Apostle looked forward But American freedom has also prewith assurance to a glad time when served to every religion the right to "all Israel shall be saved," and when propagate its faith. The Mormon, the at last his people coming into step Mohammedan, the Hindu have perfect with the purpose of God, will be to liberty to preach their particular docthe whole world as "life from the trines. The Theosophist, the Christian dead." Scientist, the Roman Catholic, enjoys equally with the Protestant the right Verily, upon this Christian ministry to win converts to his cause. The Jew rests, in a peculiar way, the blessing also, wherever he wishes, can go out of the God of Israel, and behind it and seek to extend the faith of Moses are His unfailing promises. So when as widely as he pleases, and Christians there comes to us in this generation will utter no protest. That is one of a voice saying "I indict," in which we our American privileges. see the purpose of God for Israel moving forward steadily to its ful- The difficulty is that Jews wish to filment, we can only refer the utterer be considered a people apart, and deto an occasion long ago when a ruler mand that all propaganda shall stop of the Jews said to two followers of at their door. Christianity can never Jesus engaged in the same work, "I enter into any such compact. It is a indict," and they replied: "Whether it missionary religion offered to people be right in the, sight of God to hearken of every race, color and creed. To unto you more than unto God, judge pass the Jew by would be to discrimye, for we cannot but speak the things inate against him. We establish our which we have seen and heard." churches in mixed communities where all sorts of people live. We announce 4. "I indict it because it is un-Ameri- our services and frequently add the can in that it ignores the values of the invitation, "Everybody Welcome." synagogue in making godly citizens and Would not the Jews feel that they in the furthering of many good causes were discriminated against if beneath for the betterment of the community." that invitation were placed the words, "Except Jews"? One can only marvel that any American professed follower of the Great- Moreover, the Christian religion est Jew of History could be induced dare not pass the Jews by. The comto repeat this oft-repeated Jewish can- mand of its Founder forbids it, its ard. Since when has the Christian universal claims demand the presenta- Church ignored the synagogue? or tion to Jews as to others, and the failed to recognize its place in our identification of its own future with American life? or interfered with it that of the race of Jesus, all present an in the fulfilment of its ministry to its unanswerable' and urgent appeal to own people? Does not the Jew possess find some way to bring this highly every civil, political, and religious gifted people into accord with the right enjoyed by the rest of us? He divine purpose, so that Jews and can build his synagogues, worship the Christians together, in happy accord, God of his fathers in perfect freedom, may move forward for the redempwitness to his faith, propagate it and tion of America and of the world. can even say many things about Christianity that are not so without inter- J. S. c. ference. The overwhelming Christian majority in this country, when its "The highest service a man can rennational foundations were laid, made der to his fellow man is to pray for provision for that religious liberty him. Work backed up by prayer is which the Jew now so fully enjoys, too often the practice, if not the ideal and today Christians will stand with of the Church: if the world is to be him side by side for the maintenance won, that order must be reversed and of these rights should they even be the Church learn to depend on prayer, threatened. backed up by work."-E. S. Woods.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New

MAKING THE MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE LIVE IN YOUR CHURCH THE PERFECT FURLOUGH of life are in a country where you visit and do not live. By REV. JAMES B. RODGERS, D.D., Manila, Philippine Islands How to get 80% or even greater value out of a furlough is a problem. I T IS very delightful to dream about Perhaps one may say that a perfect one's coming furlough to the home- furlough does not exist; but there land. "My own, my native land" are certain principles which may help seems very attractive from the other the missionary coming home on his side of the world, and then the thrill furlough and enable him to make the when the shores arise and the Golden best possible use of his months in the Gate appeaI:s, or perhaps the Statue United States.

of Liberty waves a welcome; what First of all, a furlough to be worth missionary has not felt it? while should be earned. The Fourth This furlough toward which we Commandment enjoined six days solid have been looking with longings is work as well as one day's thorough going to correct all our troubles, is rest. One cannot enjoy a vacation sure to be an unadulterated pleasure unless he can take it with a clear and perhaps a panacea for the per- conscience. On the eve of my first plexities that have been with us dur- furlough I remember the horror of ing the years on the field; but there finding myself in my dreams on the is a tinge of disappointment in spite streets of New York but with the of the warmest of welcomes and the very bitter consciousness that I had most cordial of hospitalities. One is fled from duty.

a visitor and has no part in the life In the second place, a furlough of the home and town. He feels rest- should be planned for. The vacation less. The visions of the past do not months are just as much a part of materialize, and then again, before our service as the years on the field.

one went to the field, he could move We must no more think of wasting about readily and freely with no par- them than we should think of idling ticular ties. A vacation was a time through the years abroad. The duties of utter freedom from responsibility, will be different, responsibilities less; but the furlough vacation carries with burdens will change, but they will it its own responsibilities. The pres- exist. A furlough is a detail. One ence of two or three little children in is transferred from the line to the the family curtails that freedom. staff; from the front line to the serv- Shall one roam about the country to ice of supply. In order to make the leave his wife and babies to get along best use of these months of furlough the best they can? That would be one should carefully plan and attempt selfish. Furloughs are often a time to fully realize the purpose of the of the heaviest responsibilities and furlough.

the greatest cares, so that in planning In the third place, there is the ques- for a furlough one must take into tion of physical recuperation. One's consideration the fact that all one's vitality is usually lowered by the cli- responsibilities and all the difficulties mate and environment of the field sta- 208

METHODS FOR WORKERS

tion. The body is like a soorage being able from a distance to review battery that needs recharging. One the work of the years on the field and must deliberately plan such occupa- to see how God has blessed it. tions and such surroundings as will restore lost vitality. In conclusion, a furlough is a fail- ure that does not give full opportunity , One hardly needs mention the bur- to gain the spiritual blessings that den of months without definite em- come through association with one's ployment, and no one will confuse rest fellow Christians. During my furwith laziness. It would be helpful if loughs I have counted it as a matter the field-work during furlough could of great privilege to catch the thrill be done systematically and not spas- of the call, to have revived in my modically. One's vitality is often re- heart the lure of the field; then one stored as is the battery, by activity goes back with new courage, new faith, and motion. The association with peo- new power, and his well-earned furple of his kind, the possibility of be- lough has been well spent. ing in touch with the great movements of one's own country, the new ac- So it's home again, and home again, quaintanceships one makes and the America for me! new friendships, all serve to add to his stock of strength. Deputation My heart is turning home again, work, if wisely done, is not only a And there I long to be– benefit to the' cause at large but also to the individual who undertakes it. In the land of youth and freedom- His contact with the church groups Beyond the ocean bars, of men and women is one of the greatest blessings of the furlough time. Where the air is full of sunlight And the flag is full of stars. Fourth. Of late years the theory has been advanced that the first term 'Vhen having a missionary in your church of service is a time of preparation for have :you ev(~r had a soulful and interpretive the fullest work and because this is soloist to sing Dr. Henry VanDyke's, "America so, it is the desire of the Mission for Me"? It is to he found in almost any first Boards that the first furlough so far class music store: if not locally obtainable as possible be spent in further study; onler from Miss Annie G. Bailey. 581 Boylston the physician in Medical College; the St['eet, Boston, Mass. Price 15c. evangelist in. Theological Seminary; the teacher in a Teachers' College. "MURERA BARANDA"-.AN AFRICA When the missionary first goes to the field he scarcely knows what form of DEMONSTRATION service he may be best fitted for; his first term teaches him. The furlough By MRS. DONALD FRASER should be given to specializing along this line. Author of the chapter, "The Doctor as Friend" in "Friends of Africa." Fifth. If possible, it is a good thing for the missionary to spend a Written for the Northfield School few weeks near the Board headquar- of Missions by Mrs. Donald Fraser of ters. He needs to understand the Glasgow, formerly a Scotch Presbyproblems that confront those who are terian missionary in Livingstonia. working at the home-base. It gives one a sense of God's presence quite The name Murera Baranda means as much as the miracles that we see "The Nurse of the Orphans"-an Afin our field of work. Another source rican term for God. of inspiration comes from looking back over the term of service just Needed-Basin and towel, spear, club passed. One of the greatest blessings or long stick-a little bundle to reprethat coming home brings is that of sent baby, tea tray and two cups.

4 Setting-Native village. Women pounding and cooking. Young Missionary (Y. M.) sits on African drum writing. Sound of singing beyond- Tune-"Jesus Loves Me." 1. Yesu wa ndidisa 'ni Bible ra ndi udza 'ri Vana wa no mnda wo Yesu n no wada woo Choj'us- Yesu wa ndida, Yesu wa ndida,

Yesu wa ndida, O. M. to Native Girl-"Would you Wa wada wose woo like to taste our salt 1"

(It ceases and murmur of voices is Native Girl-"EeVery much." (she heard.) comes forward with hands cupped to- gether.) Older missionary enters-"I've just been looking into the Senior School. Old Missionary-"It is sugara." Ellen is bringing a cup of tea, then (Puts a spoonful or two of sugar in we'll attend to some medical cases." her hand.) While this conversation is going on Native Girl imitates-"Su-ga-ra." people have been entering and sitting (Goes back to others and they each down. take a little out of her hand; she stands licking her empty palms vig- Young Missionary-"It's all just so orously.) thrilling-I've been putting it all down in my diary. But I do wish I could Patients speaking to one anothertalk to the people as you can. I'm so "Good-good-isn't that good?" glad you've brought me out on this little tour among the villages." (Old Missionary rises and brings forward basket or medicine chest and Old Mis8ionary-"I thought it would lays out bandages, dressing tray, botinterest you to be brought into close tles, etc. Young Missionary goes and contact with the people and see how brings kettle of water, basin and towthey live, how necessary it is to know el.) the language. Besides I wanted to get in touch with this group of vil- Old Missionary to woman with dirty lages, now that we have started a cloth over her head-"You come first school in this district." mama. It hurts your eyes to sit in the light, doesn't it?" (Enter girl with tea tray. They sit and drink.) Woman–"Very much, mama."

Old Missionary-"Here comes tea!" Old Missionar'lj-"Will you come and help me, Miss Brown, to hold her Description of gathering patients- eyelids, so? Every white man and woman in Africa must be more or Woman with cloth hanging over face less of a doctor." (Puts lotion in and head held down. eyes.) Woman with baby on back. "That's all now, mama. Come back Boy with leaf tied on bare leg which again tomorrow morning and bring has blood over it. a clean dish and a friend to learn what Another who moves in sitting posture to do and we'l! give you medicine to go -using hands, one foot, to move along; on with this washing and show her one leg covered by dirty wrapping held how to do it." out stiffly before him. He bites his lips in pain and says: "A-yi-Rote. we! A- Young Missionary-"Granny next!" yi-Rote. we!" (Helps blind woman forward.) An old blind woman holding on to end of stick led by child grasping the other Old Missionary (looking at eyes) end. "Alas granny, you are blind. Can you see anything with either of your eyes? (Old Missionary turns to them and The fire? My hands? (holding one greets them.) up before her eyes).

Patients (some clapping hands)- Granny-"The sun, yes. The fire, "Timboneni mose Yebo, mama. Tim- a little. Your hands, no." boneni, mose Yebo, mama." Old Missionary-"Granny, I can't (Young Missionary imitates their do anything for you here. You must rythmic clapping of hands. Patients come to my house for sick people. We watch and whisper together as Old must cut something out of your eyes Missionary and Young Missionary and then, I think, you'll be able to drink tea.) see again."

Old Missionary to Young Mi8sionary-"They think we are putting salt in our tea!"

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Granny-"I don't want you to cut Mgoniwabe. We see you Mgoniwabe.

me. I want you to put medicine for Where have you come from 1"

sight into my eyes." Old Man (sitting on haunches and Uld MiBsionary-"We can't do that. laying down bundle)-"Yebo. Ama- We must cut out what is shutting out rna. Did I know I would find you here'! the entrance of light into your eyes. I came from there." (Raising voice You needn't be afraid. Others older and pointing with lips, as is the Afrithan you have come and gone away can custom) "I went to see my son." seeing. You'll get food to eat and a blanket to cover you at night, and be Young Missionary (looking at bunvery comfortable. dle)–"Its a baby! truly, its a baby!"

Granny (shaking head disconsolate- Old Mis.~ionary-"A baby! What ly)-"It was medicine for sight I are you doing with a baby? Whose wanted." is it?" (Looking at it) "Why, its just newly born." Old Missionary to Young Missionary-"There's no use hustling her. Old Man-"I have shame, mama, Let her think it over and she'll come that a man should be carrying a baby. around." But, in the village where I slept last night the mother died when the baby Old Missionary (turns to boy with was born, the heathen women said the bandaged leg-begins to remove cov- baby would of course die too. I ering)-"Now let's see your sore." begged them to bring it to you, but they laughed and refused. They would Young Missionary (putting hand- not believe me when I told them that kerchief to her nose to cover smell)- you could save motherless babies. But "Oh, how can you stand it! and-it-is- I was sorry that this baby should die.

crawling!" I asked them to let me take it to you."

Old Missionary (down on her knees Old MisBionary-"You've carried it beginning to wash the sore)-"I all that way yourself? Twenty-five know; these sores used to make me miles! Has it had any food 7"

literally sick, they sometimes do still. Old Man-"Only some water mama."

But do you remember a poem of Whit- (Speaking proudly) "I remembered tier's? It goes something like this: that you don't approve of giving In me thou lovest me. I call solid food to babies and I could get Thee to love me in all. no milk."

Lord I will love thee as I can Old MissionarY-"Splendid! Now In every fellow man. we must try to feed it. I wish I had All sick, all suffering, all who ache. a feeding bottle here. Miss Brown- Lend all for my sake, Lord. I will see you've a fountain pen filler, haven't In every sufferer-Thee." you? May I have the rubber off it?

I'll improvise one with that and a med- (Continuing)-"I always have to icine bottle!"

keep reminding myself: IN EVERY (Young Missionary brings filler; SUFFERER-THEE." Old Missionary goes away for a mo- (To boy, as she finishes bandaging) ment while Young Missionary lifts -"Now, you too must come to the up baby-others gather around to look hospital to get your leg put right. at it.) You aren't afraid?" Old Missionary (Coming back; sits Boy (cheerily) – "Would I be down on floor and takes baby on knee) afraid? Do I not want to be able to -"Now for baby's supper." (natives walk?" gather nearer, stare, cover their Old Man (enters with spear and mouths with their hands to express club, carrying clumsily something astonishment. Boy with bad leg wrapped in a bit of old calico)- laughs aloud. Exclamations of "Hullo!" "Barna!" Two women turn to each Old Mis8ionary-"Hullo! Here's other and grasp hands.)

YIJIII1Y Missionaru–"H is eating beautiful name you Africans have beautifully." found for God. Of course all we his children everywhere must help Him Woman 'It';lh /w/I!I-"Thc wisdom in that work. But go now and thank of the white woman! Did any of us Murera Baranda." black people ever know that you could turn a bottle into a mother?" Woman with baby goes to prayers in direction of drum beats. Mission- Old Man-HCan I go now?" aries gather their things together and Young Missionary-"Yes, Mgoni- quickly repack the medicine chest. wabe. We'll look after your baby. They leave for the hospital carrying Travel well!" the baby. Old Man (rising from ground)- "Now I am a man again. Goodbye Note: Clothing of natives need conmy mothers." (Bending forward and sist only of cloth wound about body as clapping his hands in salutation.) seen in African pictures. Old Missionary-"Mgoniwabe, you were a man and a brave man not even Do not use any form of blacking; afraid of laughter when you fetched use only cocoa colored cream on exposed away this baby. And you were a-a- parts of body. Study prayerfully to real Christian. Tell them we'll be bring out the pathos which is hidden in back home tomorrow, Paweme." every word and line of this unusual (Drum b~ats are heard.) picture. Old Missionary to others-"Now your teacher is calling you all to If at all possible, have a woman phyprayers. Go and worship God. I can't sician or a trained nurse to take the part come tonight because I am going to of the doctor. attend to the baby. When you have worshiped, come back and we'll finish In no case use any chairs. Only the our medical work." one drum; and the doctor does all of (They turn to go-woman with her work from the ground. baby turns back.) Woman with baby-"Mama, what EFFEOTIVE OUTDOOR shall you call the baoy?" Old Missionary-"I don't know. EVANGELISM What name would you suggest?" Woman with baby-"Mwana wa What might be the result if during botele." the coming spring and summer there Young Missionary-"Mwa-what did should be developed by the Christian she say?" churches a great wave of outdoor Old Missionary (laughing gleefully) evangelism spreading from Los An- geles to New York and from Duluth -"Mwana wa botele! The bottle to New Orleans! baby!" (To the woman) "That will be quite a new name and a very good The following is finely suggestive one." as to how to organize for such a piece of work. Woman with baby-"We thank you, our mothers." John N. Wolf, Director of Evan- gelistic Work, National Bible Insti- Young Missionary-"What are they tute, New York, writes as follows: thanking us for? the sugar or the medicine?" The difference between effective and ineffective outdoor Gospel preaching Woman with baby-UNo, we are is measured by the hearing obtained thanking you in the name of the or- by the preacher for his message. phan baby." As the eternal welfare of souls de- pends upon the quality of the mes- Boy with bad leg-"You are Muli sage, much also depends upon whether Murera Baranda." or not those, for whom the message is intended, can be constrained to stop Old Missionary-"No, that is God. and listen. The natural man is not The nurse of the orphans-that is the interested in the Gospel. There are many things to distract and divert his attention. Satan is not willing that he should hear, consequently the Gos- pel preacher needs to exercise much

METHODS FOR WORKERS

wisdom and at times ingenuity, as did duct a meeting without a permit, some the Apostle who caught them with unpleasantness with the local officer guile, to gain attention and give the is liable to be the result. A permit Holy Spirit an opportunity to convict saves from many petty annoyances. and convert. Often unruly or drunken men in the crowd make it impossible to continue The following are a few sugges- but such disturbances have often been tions, out of many years' experience overcome by producing the permit and in outdoor Gospel preaching, to those appealing to the audience for fair play. who would obey the Master's command This hardly ever fails to bring results to go out into the highways and by- but as a last resort one can always ways: appeal to a policeman, who is com- pelled to honor the permit and protect 1. SELECTING THE LOCATION the meeting.

The first important question when A permit also assures the location. one goes fishing is, "Where do the fish The Freethinkers and I. W. W.'s and congregate?" If possible, secure a others often discovered that we had quiet place away from the noise of a good place and planned to steal it cars and traffic, but make sure the by getting there a little ahead of our people will be there. Some of our scheduled time, but in such a case, if most fruitful meetings have been con- remonstrance fails, the permit holder ducted right under the din of the can appeal to the police. Always make elevated trains. sure that you have the permit with you. Select a spot that will not cause the crowd to block the entrance of a store 3. ARRANGING THE ORDER OF SERVICE or that will prevent a show window from being in full view; for if you Be assured that nothing really worth do you will have a protest from a while ever "just happens." If you merchant, unless he is in hearty sym- would have an acceptable meeting, give pathy with you. Select a street wide attention to small details. Plan the enough for wagons to pass. This les- outfit. If possible have some musical son we learned as follows: It was a instrument. The more unusual it is hot summer's day, at the noon hour the more helpful it will be in attradin New York City's great financial ing persons to the meeting. district, and we found an invitinglooking, little street shaded and quiet. A stand for the speaker is essential. A large crowd gathered and everything It enables him to both see and be seen seemed fine, but just as we were giv- and to make himself heard. If there ing the invitation and the Spirit was is no stand available, the leader can evidently working, a large truck came go to almost any storekeeper and eialong, dispersed the crowd and brought ther borrow, or, for a few cents, buy our meeting to an abrupt end. a box on which to stand. The man en a stand above the heads ef the The corner is usually a better place crowd will always have a larger audithan the church steps. The unbeliever ence than the one who insists on speakand sinner is quite likely to pass right ing on the ground. by a meeting in front of a church, but will stop at a meeting on a corner. Many souls have been brought to the Light by means of the printed 2. SECURE A PERM IT page. For an outdoor meeting, one should always have a large supply of A permit a~~ures one of the Police Gcspel tracts and Scriptu re portions. Department's recognition of the meel- TheRe, however, should not be dising. We are to be subject to the pow- tJ'ibuted while the message is being er~ that be. Tn mOHt plae€s the Poliee delivered as it will distract the atten- Department requires one to have a tion of the audience. When distributpermit to conduct outdoor, religious ing, the workers should be stationed meetings. If it is attempted to con-

on either side of the street and a dis- apologies for conditions beyond your tance from the meeting, or else wait control. 8. Don't engage in argument.

until the close of the meeting. 9. Don't lose your temper. 10. Don't There seems to be a natural impulse, set yourself up as a good example.

with most persons, to gather behind 11. Don't read lengthy Bible passages.

the speaker. This is a great mistake; 12. Don't offer long prayers. 13.

for the stranger does not want the Don't preach too long.

front place at an outdoor meeting any USE OF MISSIONARY PICTURES more than he wants the front seat in church. The average man will not 1. Place on walls of room-pinning stand in front of a group, except at to curtains, etc., pictures of missiona distance, but will come up close, if aries and mission workers-having he can stand behind someone. There- each numbered. Give to each person fore, the wise leader will arrange his taking part a paper with numbers, and ask him to write the name of workers in front. The sympathetic missionary opposite to proper numfaces in front will encourage the ber. speaker, and, as a crown always gathers a crowd, the group in front will 2. A TRIP TO INDIA-or other act as a magnet to attract the stran- field, Home or Foreign. Pin to curgers. tains pictures of towns (numbered) The singers should know what they to be visited en route from the church are going to sing, so there will be or home from which the tour starts no embarrassing pauses caused by the (this will include the home church, nervous fumbling of hymn books, etc. one or two familiar scenes near home; several scenes in Chicago; interest- The meeting should go on without any ing places en route to coast; ship, break whatsoever. The majority of etc.) outdoor attendants are on their way somewhere, and every pause in the Pictures of general and church in- meeting serves as a reminder of their terest in the field studied, with picerrand and limited time, and, as a tures of mission workers, etc.; pictures of interesting cities en route rule, they are not slow to act. home, via Pacific. Each person taking The personal workers, and every part has sheet of paper, with numbers, meeting should have them, must be beside which he writes name of place ready to get in personal touch with to correspond with picture numbered. any who show signs of interest or Sheets may be exchanged and corthose who respond to the invitation. rected; or each correct his own, as They should get their names and ad- the leader reads the correct answers. dresses so that they can be followed There is hardly a limit to which this up and established. may be used.

The speaker's message should be 3. Pin on back of individual card prepared, as there are many disturb- bearing name of missionary (or a ances to divert thought. If he at- country.) The bearer may ask questempts to speak without preparation, tions, to which he may receive a "yes" his audience will quickly discover it. or "no,"-but nothing else. From this The outdoor audience is a most crit- information he must determine who ical audience. he is (or what country it is). When DON'TS FOR OUTDOOR SPEAKERS he determines this, the card is pinned 1. Don't criticize fellow Christians. on his breast.

2. Don't be personal in remarks. 3. 4. Have groups gather around small Don't give offense to any nationality tables on which are placed missionary or creed. 4. Don't discuss debated magazines (illustrated) with scissors, doctrines. 5. Don't discuss politics. paste and sheets of paper size of the 6. Don't waste time giving good ad- magazine. Call one table "India," an- vice on hygiene, etc. 7. Don't make other "China," another "Children's

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE OGONELFIlR':v:~"" IS S THE MILL..

THIiT IiNY DAY THE LITTLE ,","'.I"""""'.r.I.A:,tI."

CIlN LOOK OUT, /lND SEE ~. 7HEMEN ') lIT PL/lY!

These posters may be used in connection with the study of child labor in Dr. Shriver's, "What Next in Home Missions" and in Dr. Oxnam's, "Youth and the New America."

If these posters are made in colors by an artist who is sympathetically interpretive, and placed in one of the "thoroughfares" of your church their silent teaching will mold sentiment and action.

Stories," another "Best Methods," etc. Tho Clouds in their darkness may gather, Have each group prepare several pages And ages in turn pass away, for the new magazine which is to be Unaltered as laws of creation launched. Then call the groups to- The Lights of the firmament stay, gether, and have the different editors Let the nations whose banners are wavexplain the pictures chosen. ing Song Those emblems of beauty and light, Stand firm for protection united (Tune: Three Cheers for the Red, As follow the day and the night. White and Blue.) CHORUS (Sung on all passenger ships of T. K. K. Line at least once between San Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars Francisco and Yokohama.) Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Deep down in all hearts it is written, '£he God of the Nations Is One The Life of the Nations is One. The sun and the stars in the heavens United in radiance shine. Tho language and customs may differ, Their light, like a mantle of glory, Tho kingdoms their courses have run, Descends as a blessing divine. Tho races and people have altered, Let the nations whose banners are wav- O'er all shine the Stars and the Sun; Let the Nations whose banners are wav- ing, The Sign of the Stars and the Sun, ing Give light to the earth and its people. The symbols that never shall cease. United in purpose as One. Insure for the earth and its people The blessings of safety and peace. CHORUS CHORUS Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars, Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun, Hurrah! For the Sun and Stars Inscribed on the skies it is written. Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Enshrined in all Life it is written, The Heart of the Nations is One. The God of the Nations is One.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York LEGISLATIVE MATTERS to take cognizance of three compara- Report, Committee of Connell of Women for tively recent occurrences. Home Missions, AIrs. Samuel Semple, Chairman. presented at Annual Meeting, Atlantic City, The first is the result of the nation- N. J., January, 1929. al election in November. Certain ex- Your committee has comparatively tremely vocal elements in the political little of direct action to report. Be- world (regardless of party associa- tions) insisted that that election cause the Council is an interwoven should be considered a popular refbody, made up of organizations which, erendum on the liquor question. taken together, cover the whole coun- While such a referendum in due form try, the matter of legislation must was not provided for at that time, necessarily come before it chiefly as and while the recent election was afregards federal action. Because, in fected by many cross-currents of poaddition to this, the field of its cor- litical, personal, and popular opinion, porate legislative interest must be those who demanded that the results carefully defined and limited, it is ob- of the election should serve as a refviously proper that the subjects on erendum received small comfort from which such joint interest may be ex- the event. An analysis of the results pressed are but few. It is also obvious of the election fail to justify in any that the subjects selected should be particular the claim that there is a those directly and plainly related to general revolt against actual prohihuman welfare measured on the Chris- bition in this country. Aside from the tian basis. item of the presidential contest itself, with its implications concerning pro- At the present time the four sub- hibition, it is noteworthy that, in conjects selected by the Council as be- gressional contests where that issue longing in a category so outlined are: was involved, the "dry" contestant Indian Welfare, Prohibition, the World won out; and the outstanding. expo- Court, and Child Labor. nents of the "wets" were defeated.

On Indian Wel/are the Council for- The second point of recent interest mally presented a petition to the Congressional Committee on Appropriations, asking for more adequate is the Durant award, with the plan for financial provision for the teaching better prohibition enforcement sub- staff of Indian schools, in order that mitted by Mr. Chester P. Mills. The better equipped teachers may be se- emphasis in that plan upon the weak- cured for those institutions. The pe- ness in the handling of permits for tition was cordially received, and the the distribution of industrial alcohol promise given to do all possible in calls attention to the responsibility of that line. the treasury department in granting On Prohibition the Council is and supervising such permits. That pledged to the support and defense of department insists that past defects the Eighteenth Amendment, and of in the syste:n have been remedied, and the Volstead Act. During the past that the present real trouble in enyear, in spite of much discussion and forcement lies in liquor smuggled from many verbal attacks, there has been abroad over land or sea· boundaries. no actual legislative attack on either This difference of opinion amou~ts of these items in our federal legisla- to an agreement that these two sources tion. In view of the continuous threats of illicit liquor are the sore spots Of such procedure, however, it is well ill the enforcement of the law, and 216 the roots of that business known gen- business this Resolution is in abeyance, erally as bootlegging. but at intervals shows signs of life. Its prominence has been over-shad- The third point to be observed is owed for the present by the Pact of the decision of the federal district Paris, popularly known as the Briandcourt at Philadelphia that in court Kellogg Multilateral Treaty for the handling of liquor cases the buyer, Renunciation of War as an instrument as well as the seller of oootieg liquors of national policy. may be indicted for breaking the law if any degree of transportation is in- Though this treaty has not been volved. formally included in the Council's au- thorization for legislative action, it is This calls sharp attention to the in every way SD allied to the interests fact that it takes two to make a boot- marked out fDr this committee that leggeI'; and should bring home to the actiDn supporting the treaty was asconscience of the nation the fact that sumed to be in line with the commitlaw observance is as much a part of tee's duty. Every opportunity for such national probity as is law enforcement. support has been seized. While keeping guard over the Eighteenth Amendment and its enforcing On Child Labor the situation in fedlegislation, this Council should also eral legislation has also been one of insist, in its teachings and influence, "watchful waiting." The Child Labor upon the responsibility of organiza- Amendment proposed for the federal tions and individuals for law observ- constitution is still alive, but no recent ance. The General Council of the progress in its ratification can be re- Presbyterian Church has asked that ported. In the field of state legisla- Sunday, March third of the coming tion cDncerning child labDr, it can be year be observed as Law Observance reported that improvements to some Sunday throughout that denomination; degree have been made during the and it is hoped that other churches last bi-ennium in Alabama, Connectimay adopt the same plan. cut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, New On the World Court the Council is Jersey, New York, North Carolina, pledged to the support of all measures Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Most that may lead to adherence of the Unit- of these improvements have been efed States to the Permanent Interna- fected by direct legislation, some by tional Court of Justice, established broader construction of existing laws under a provision of the League of by States' Attorneys General, and s~me Nations, with its entirely independent by advanced rulings of State Comexistence located at the Hague. The missions or Industrial Boards. CDmfacts that such a court has been in- plementary to such advance in cluded in the dreams of American legislation bearing directly on Child statesmen since the days of William Labor is legislation on compulsory Penn, and that this particular court schoDI attendance; and in certain owes its set-up largely to American states advance has been made in that leadership and legal acumen seem suf- line. finient justifieati~n for the Council's support. The distinguished service Also bearing Dn the whole subject, of the Hon. John Bassett Moore as and laying foundation for future wisone of its first judges, now to be er legislation are the careful studies followed by that of the Hon. Charles and surveys of child labor that have Evans Hughes, should further recom- been made' in different sections of the mend it to American judgment. eounh'Y, some by private organiza- tions, some by state bureaus. and some The Gillette Resolution, now before by, or with the aid of. federal agencies Congress, provides for our country's Among these special mention may be adherence to this Court. It has re- made of studies in Pennsylvania and ceived support from your committee. Mississippi. The Pennsylvania study In the present press of Congressional

is noteworthy because it was under- tablished work for migratory children taken jointly by the Bureau of Women employed with their parents, or at and Children in Industry and the State least shifting with their parents in Department of Public Instruction, and the many seasonal occupations in difthe information was secured directly ferent parts of the country, will be from the little workers of the State bills aimed to prevent the premature who, under its law, are in attendance employment of such children, and to upon continuation school eight hours secure for them the advantage of coneach week. The naive replies to some tinued education. It is planned, for of the questionnaires filled out by the instance, that a simultaneous effort children were windows into their lives shall be made in Pennsylvania, Maryand worlds. land, and New Jersey to secure the passage of a law in each state under Allied with legislation on child la- which no nonresident child shall be bor are certain movements in the ed- employed during the time when the ucational world concerned with the laws of his resident state require his development of vocational training attendance in school. The desirability and guidance. There is also indica- of such regulation jointly enacted is tion of an interest in a revival of demonstrated by the migrations of exact apprenticeship, under modern working children across state boundconditions, and under the safeguard- aries in thickly populated sections of ing of the state. A round table dis- the country. Incidently such a situcussion on apprenticeship was a ation furnishes one of the best argufeature of the recent meeting of the ments for federal regulation of child National Vocational Educational As- labor. sociation held in Philadelphia. Wisconsin already has an apprenticeship Recommendations law whereby the state and the child's legal guardians (parents or otherwise) 1. Continuance of interest in Inenter into an agreement with the em- dian education. ployer as to the young person's industrial training. 2. That Law Observance Sunday on March 3d be urged, and its use ex- All this is of special importance as tended. That that phase of the presindication of the growing conviction ent situation-i. e. law observancethat the problem of child labor legis- be incorporated in as many programs lation is not merely negative and re- of all church women's organizations strictive. It must be increasingly as possible, this to be considered an constructive and educational. educational campaign to protect our existing prohibition legislation. The Council and its constituent membership should maintain a con- 3. That interest in the Briand-Kelsistent interest in this subject through logg Multilateral Treaty be continued, residents in the various states. Most urging its ratification by the Senate; advance in child labor legislation has that the World Court be continuously come through agitation in individual supported; and that any similar fedstates, working toward a general eral propositions looking toward imstandard. To quote, "The best results proved international relations that will not be attained until the people may develop during the year, and that in their thinking come to want higher meet with the approval of the Adminstandards so much that their wants istrative Committee of the Council, will become a popular demand upon shall be supported. the legislature." 4. That Council constituents in all January will see the convening of parts of the country, and individual many state legislatures, and items church women be urged to study child concerning child labor will come be- labor legislation in their individual fore many of them. Of particular states and support the best items of interest to the Council, with its es- such programs.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN. 419 Fourth Avenue. New York THE DETROIT MEETING wife of the resident Bishop of Detroit, gave a word of welcome and intro- The Foreign Mi….ion Conference of duced Mrs. Silverthorn who spoke of North AlUerica and the Federation her experiences at Jerusalem where of Woman'. Board.. of Foreign fifty-one nations were represented and Milsions where forty women from East and West lived together in one hut for Detroit was a new experience for the Foreign Missionary groups. The two weeks. Mrs. Silverthorn stressed annual meetings are usually held (Jan- the unity in diversity. the realization uary 14-18) in a quiet place apart of the common task for Christians from the hurry and turmoil of the the world around-that of making the city. The work of women has been Lord known-and the best methods to considered in separate meetings of find the facts and to demonstrate the the Federation although a few wom- power of the Christian message by en have been among delegates and daily living the Christ life. Mrs. Silofficers of the Foreign Missions Con- verthorn expressed her own feeling ference. This year because for both that the oriental women she met at the men and women the Jerusalem meet- Jerusalem Council were "quite our ing of the International Missionary peers" and emphasized the fact that Council was to be the basis of the we are working together as equalsprogram, joint sessions seemed desir- not patrons but partners.

able and it was so arranged. In order Dr. Jones out of a rich experience to eliminate certain difficulties con- during twenty-one years in India picnected with race relations it was de- tured the life there in its great con- cided to go to the Statler Hotel in trasts. There is extreme poverty and Detroit. Perhaps the experience was amazing wealth; there is meditation on the spiritual and yet a belief that good for us and we were glad to see physical water can cleanse from spirso many new faces but we found our- itual sin; there woman has had her selves nearer to "The Sidewalks of most difficult time and yet the Taj New York" than seemed helpful to Mahal was erected to the memory of our meditations a{.ld deliberations.

Preliminary meetings of the Fed- a woman and today a woman, Madam eration for business were held on Mon- Sarojini Naidu, now in this country, day and Tuesday morning. A luncheon has been president of the National for women Monday noon at which E. Congress of India. Sex relations at Stanley Jones and Mrs. E. H. Silver- their best and at their worst may be thorn were the speakers was attended found in India. Everything is chang- by more than a thousand women. In ing in India today. every custom is in the absence of Mrs. William Edgar the melting pot. Youth is eager.

Geil, president of the Federation who There is need not of blind credulity was detained by illness, Mrs. Daniel but a faith, open-eyed, unafraid. In J. Fleming was the very gracious pre- the presence of Jesus Ghrist Dr. Jones siding officer. Mrs. Brennan, the presi- would have us all face this changing dent of the Detroit Federation, was life and to women he made special introduced. Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, appeal to remember what woman owes president of the Woman's Foreign to Jesus. Missionary Society of the Methodist On Monday night a beautiful hour Episcopal Church, member of the In- of music and meditation had been ternational Missionary Council and planned. Mrs. Charles Kirkland Roys 219

and Miss Helen Kitteredge gave out classes, including the farmer commuof the richness of their own lives. nities. It is Mr. Yen's purpose not only to educate, but to Christianize At the annual meeting of the Fed- and one of the most gratifying things eration on Tuesday morning Mrs. J 08- that happened at Detroit was accomephine Stearns, the executive secretary plished by Miss Clementina Butler of the New National Commission of who secured from individuals $500.00 Protestant Church Women, of which with which to put "Happy Childhood," the Federation is a part, spoke of the a Christian magazine, at the disposal work ahead and of the way by which of Mr. Yen in his work among the the women had come to form this masses in China. commission. Much time and thought on the part of the Federation and of Africa and China received special the Council of Women for Home Mis- attention but for the most part the sions have gone into defining the re- time was given to topics of world-wide lationship and it is hoped that the concern. The address of the Reverend real interest of Christian women may J. W. Holley, D.D. was most illumibe set forward in using this new ma- nating and convincing. The other chinery. speakers who had attended the con- ference in Africa testified to what the The joint program of the Foreign presence of Dr. and Mrs. Holley meant Missions Conference began Tuesday to the African people. To see two of afternoon with the prayer service con- their own race so well equipped proved ducted by Bishop Nicholson. Dr. Dif- one of the most striking testimonies fendorfer, chairman of the Committee to the power of the Gospel. Miss on Arrangements, spoke briefly of the Lucy Wang with exquisite simplicity character and purpose of the meeting told how she became a Christian. and expressed the hope that this meet- Many of us felt with the chairman of ing might assume knowledge of the the Conference, Rev. James 1. Vance, Jerusalem recommendations and go D.D., that if we had heard nothing forward to action. Analysis of pres- else at this meeting it was worth the ent trends and attitudes toward For- expense of coming to Detroit to see eign Missions were discussed by Mr. and hear such a Christian leader as C. H. Fahs, Miss Gertrude Schultze, Miss Lucy Wang, President of Hwa Dean T. W. Graham, and the Rev- Nan, the Woman's College in Fooehow. erend E. Stanley Jones. The Christian Message was dis- An outstanding speaker, Mr. Y. C. cussed before the whole group very J ames Yen, who has demonstrated his ably by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. theories in his own country, spoke on Thomas Nicholson, Dr. Halford E. "Meeting the Needs of Rural Popu- Luceock and in smaller sectional meetlations." Mr. Yen is the originator ings the following topics were conand leader of mass education in China. sidered: Religious Education, Race Many regard his work as one of the Relations, Rural Life, Industry, Home great miracles of modern times. He Cultivation. At the last eveninf~ sesbegan with 300,000 Chinese coolies sion Dr. E. D. Soper spoke on "Inbehind the lines in the Great War in terpreting the New Attitude Toward France-men who could not read or Other Faiths," and Mr. Stanley High write. With 1,000 characters he made on "Interpreting Missions to Young it possible for those men to communi- People." cate with their families. When he returned to China he continued this Dr. Diffendorfer in presenting :1 work and today hundreds of thousands summary of Trends of Thinking dos-d of men and women in China, who with emphasis on ways to meet the grew up in illiteracy, are able to read Hituation. We mUHt get the factH. and write because of the consecration fare them and place them before thp of one man. This movement has public and cooperate in bringing them spread all over China among all to bear on future action.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

The retiring' chairman, Dr. Vance, of many who have not been touched in made a stirring address on the last any other way. The missionary motive morning. His successor, Miss Helen will permeate our churches and our civ- Calder, of the American Board, is the ilization only as it more completely perfirst woman president of the Foreign meates the lives of those who are Missions Conference. The joint meet- responsible for the conduct of missionary ings were closed Friday noon by a work. very inspiring address by Dr. James Endicott of the United Church of Ca- THE STANLEY JONES TESTI. nada. MONIAL DINNER In the afternoon another session of One thousand persons representing the Federation was held with the new president, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, in the twenty-four city, national and interchair, to complete business, accept the report of the Findings Committee an'd national organizations and numerous to hear from that celebrated medical missionary Dr. Ida Scudder something denominations tendered a testimonial of the progress of her work in the past twenty-five years in Vellore. dinner to Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the From no work and no workers to the fine new hospital that provides for 200 missionary, evangelist and author patients and a roadside work where 10,000 to 15,000 are treated annually from India, at the Waldorf-Astoria, is a long journey. Eight Western doctors and two Indian doctors carry New York, on January 11. It was one on. Dr. Scudder is eager to return to India but is in this country now to of the greatest tributes that the city help raise the needed endowment for this hospital. has ever paid to a religious leader.

We may close this report with the Some of his pointed sentences were as following extract from the Findings: follows: – We recommend that the Findings of the Jerusalem Conference be given a "What we are trying to do is to unique and vital place in the study and give India Christ and to let them inthinking of the Boards and of individ- terpret Him through their own genius ual Board members during the coming and life. If the East can show us weeks and months. something better than the Christ then we will sit at the feet of the East." These Findings and reports interpret the challenge of the Gospel message for "One of the first things that impels us here and now in the world as we us as missionaries is a basic belief in actually face it. Far more important men. The missionary enterprise beto the Foreign Missionary enterprise lieves in people, apart from race, birth than methods of education or plans for and color. It says there are no permapromotion of interest; far more im- nently inferior peoples. There are unportant than appeals to others for mon- developed races, but there are untold ey, for service or for life enlistment possibilities in every human personwould be the influence of a great host of ality. A negro preacher to the Amermissionary administrators and Board ican Indians laid the foundation of members whose lives in thought and ac- the missionary work of the Methodist tion constantly and increasingly reveal Church. A Mohammedan looked at the transforming power of Jesus Christ some of the outcastes of India who and His own passion for the redemption had been lifted out of their lowly conof the world. dition by Christian missionaries and said, 'Here you have turned animals We believe that the tender and compell- into men.''' ing force of such a witness as this, together with the new earnestness of in- Dr. Jones also says: "We believe dividual and united prayer which would there are three great elemental needs result, could not fail to carry the mis- of the East and West: an adequate sionary conviction deep into the hearts goal for character; a free, full life; God. We believe that Jesus in a su- preme way gives these three things.

..A brother of Tagore of India said, 'Jesus is ideal and wonderful, but you Christians-you are not like him.'''

AMERICA manlike policies and plans for

winning of America to Jesus Christ. HODle Missions Council Looking forward to this congress the Council is organizing in every state, AT THE Annual Meeting of the either a State Home Missions Coun- .tl Home Missions Council which cil, or as a Federation of Churches, with a strong home missions departwas held in the First Presbyterian ment. Eight new state home missions Church in Atlantic City, New Jersey, councils were organized during the January 8-10, 1929, the magnitude of past year and several others were rethe home mission enterprise was re- organized. Each state is to be survealed anew by the fact that there are veyed in detail, so that complete inseventy-two boards doing home mis- formation will be available concerning sionary work, and, of these, twenty- what has been done and what ought to eight report 15,608 workers, 28,175 be done, overlapping, underchurching, enterprises apd an expenditure of etc. The survey of New Hampshire forty-four and one-half million dol- has been completed and the report in lars. This work supports 14,721 printed form is available. Three comchurches and 6,847 preaching sta- missions, with more than one hundred tions. Truly the home missionary en- members, under strong leaderships, terprise is a great one. It is, as the are studying "The Task and Adminissecretary said, "big business." tration of Home Missions," "The Promotion of Home Missions," and The unfinished task of home mis- "Cooperation in Home Missions." sions was shown by the large number These commissions will report their of people in the homeland, divided into findings and make suggestions to the groups by language, occupation or lo- Washington Congress, so that a more cation, who are under-privileged, not united and adequate approach may be so much from the financial and social, made by Protestantism to the common as from the religious viewpoint. The task of making America Christian. list of these groups which are either wholly neglected or inadequately ministered to, religiously, is longer, and their needs are greater, than we are accustomed to think. The special at- AD1erican Jews tention of the Council was directed to these groups in both city and country, T HE United States had at the end and the facts presented revealed the of 1927 a Jewish population of 4,- situation that the unfinished task of 228,029, according to Dr. H. S. Linhome missions is still very great, and field, director of the statistical departthat the needs are demanding. ment of the American Jewish· Com- mittee. Many interesting facts have Plans for a better knowledge of the been brought to light. field of home missions and a more adequate occupation of the field were Not only has the United States by given the major emphasis of the Coun- far the largest Jewish population of cil. In 1930 there will be held in any country in the world, but this is Washington, D. C., a National Inter- even more phenomenally the most denominational Home Missions Con- prosperous. New York has 1,765,000 gress. The purpose of the Congress Jews-the largest community of Jews is to make a study of home mis- known in the history of the race. sionary needs and to outline states- While the Jews are still largely an 222

WORLb-WIlYE OUTLOOK

urban people, there is a marked tend- not a byword of reproach."-Record .

ency to disperse and move to smaller of Christian Work.

towns and rural areas. Jews are found in 3,943 rural incorporated vil- A Bottle Evangelist lages of 2,500 or less, and in 3,292 un- PROBABLY no method of spreading incorporated districts. Many of these the Gospel is more unique than the are engaged in agriculture. one followed by Miss Juniata Angle- myer, for forty years a helpless in- The total number of Jews in the valid of Fremont, Nebraska. Her United States is divided as follows: method is to seal printed tracts in bottles, and cast them on the waters 109,600 in rural areas. of the Platte River. She believes that 185,967 in towns of 2,500 and over. if anyone will read even a small por- 3,932,462 in cities of 25,000 and tion of Scripture the Truth will make over. its own appeal, for did not the Mas- More than two-thirds of entire J ew- ter say: "The words that I speak unto ish population reside in these eleven cities.

New York ……………. , 1,765,000 you, they are the spirit and they are Chicago ………………. 325,000 life." Philadelphia …………… 270,000 While in her teens, Miss Angle- Boston ……………….. 90,000 myer contracted arthritis, and for Cleveland …………….. 85,000 Detroit ………•……… 75,000 twenty-three years she lay in a Day- Baltimore .. :………….. 68,000 ton, Ohio hospital. By patient per- Los Angeles …………… 65,000 severance she has learned to write with an almost useless hand, her let- Newark. … ………… … 65,000 Pittsburgh ……………. 53,000 St. Louis …………….. , 50,000 ters so filled with light and the spirit -Our Jewish Neighbors. of faith that their influence is felt in far off places. It is a matter of pride The Negro Boy's Oa.th with her that she has improved and NEGRO boys are being taught the extended her work, sealing her bottles following oath, it is said: with waterproof material so that the "I will never bring disgrace upon contents may remain legible after bemy race by any unworthy deed or dis- ing in the water for years. Some honorable act. I will live a clean, de- have been tossed into the Pacific in cent life, and will ever respect and de- the hope that they may be washed to fend the virtue and honor of woman- some foreign shore, and she has had hood. I will uphold and obey the just letters of thanks, giving proof that laws of my country and of the com- her messages had been found.-The munity in which I live, and will en- King's Business.

courage others to do likewise. I will not allow prejudice, injustice, insult A New Mormon Utopia A or outrage to cower my spirit or sour NEW type of Utopia, in which every worker will be taxed all of my soul, but will ever preserve the inner freedom of heart and conscience. his earnings above the amount neces- I will not allow myself to be overcome sary to provide a living for his family, of evil, but will strive to overcome evil is to be established on a tract of 11,000 with good. I will endeavor to develop acres recently purchased in the Ozark and exert the best powers within me Mountains by the Reorganized Church for my own personal improvement, of Latter Day Saints. The colony, al- and will strive unceasingly to quicken though operated along communistic the sense of racial duty and responsi- lines, will depend upon the religious bility. I will in all these ways aim to standards of members rather than on uplift my race, so that to every one economic laws for success. Announce- bound to it by ties of blood it shall ment of the project came from Dr.

become a bond of ennoblement, and Frederick M. Smith, President of the

Latter Day Saints' Church, and direct the U. S. The American Missionary descendant of .Toseph M. Smith, one Association has cooperated with this of the founders of the Monnon student group in looking into social Church. and economic conditions. Recently, the Chinese Student Christian Asso- In the Ozark Zion every member ciation has decided to appoint a secrewill be protected with life insurance tary to give more special attention to and financed by the colony. Members this work. It is an axiom that the of the colony will own their own most effective work is done by the houses, but schools, churches, public nationals themselves, and it is signifiutilities, and public enterprises will be cant that those who have enjoyed privowned by boards of trustees. ileges are feeling this responsibility for others. Indians and President Coolidge United Home Missions in Canada. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE, when he visited the Sioux tribe of Indians THE United Church of Canada has at Pine Ridge Reservation, was pre- 1,571 Home Mission fields with 4, sented with a memorial by a. group of 368 preaching places, constituting Christian Indians which was in truth about 56% of the preaching points in a challenge to Home Missions. Part the whole Church. Since the General of it is as follows: Council meeting in June, 1926, 375 fields have been taken off the list of You have seen much of war paint and those receiving aid, having reached feathers and dances. These are all things the status of self-support, and 285 new of yesterday, which mean little today and fields have been opened with an averwill mean nothing tomorrow. The hope age of between three and four preachof our people lies in education, industry ing points in each. The United and religion, and we pray that you will Church has thus occupied new Home help us find these necessities for a use- Mission territory within two years at ful life. Give to us, great Father, un- more than 1,000 points in Canada. derstanding, sympathy and protection. In the America which was ours before Re-arrangement of fields and amalit was yours we desire to take our place gamations of for mer competitive in the ranks of Christian citizenship. Home Mission charges, rendered pos- sible by a Union of the churches, are -Woman's Missionary Magazine. responsible for sixty-five charges reaching self-support during the past Mexican Texans year, w hi I e thirty-two additional charges have by normal growth and FEW realize the significance of the the prosperity of the country also fact that from one-seventh to one- ceased receiving aid. The Board of fifth the population of Texas, or 750,- Home Missions expends more than one 000 to 1,000,000, are Mexican. The and one-quarter million dollars animmigration increase is probably 30,- nually. 000 a year, and of this about 90% from the ranks of the unskilled. The LATIN AMERICA Southern Presbyterian Church endeavors to turn this situation into an Fifty Years in Mexico asset, with a result of 40 organized churches, 18 ministers and 2,246 MISS ALICE J. McCLELAND, church members. In our Baptist writing for the Christian Obmission at Waco, Texas, 700 converts server, makes the following comments have been made in 15 years. on the results of fifty years' effort to- ward the evangelization of our neigh- Help for Chinese Com:mnnist. bor to the South: DURING the past few years, Chi- Evangelical missionaries began work- nese students in America, have ing in Mexico over fifty years ago and begun to concern themselves in behalf of unprivileged groups of their own people in the Chinese communities of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have devoted themselves to preaching the turn. It has proved that it can sur- Gospel, to education and to healing. vive a crisis, and native pastors are Much effort has been expended in the t a kin g an increasingly important circulation of the Bible, which was an al- share in the work. most unknown Book, even to the priests. Today there are enough Evangelical The fourth group affected by the law comprises occult sects, such as Christians in the country to make their Spiritualists and Theosophists, who influence felt in all phases of life. There evade restrictions by calling themare churches which are entirely self- s e I v e s philosophic organizations. supporting, and the different church or- These sects also satisfy the craving of ganizations are rapidly becoming self- the masses for the miraculous. governing and self-propagating. The function of foreign missionaries has been changing and many readjustments have been made and will have to be made to meet these conditions. But they are con- Progress in Central America ditions due to the success of the enterprise, and the readjustments necessary ON MY trip into Central America can be made with thankful hearts. and Mexico, I was rejoiced to see the wonderful progress made in the The following quotation from a let- past eight years. In one district ter from the field will show how the where eight years ago there were not Mexican ministers are carrying for- more than twelve preaching places to ward their part of the task: the Indians, today there are eighty- In the country districts the prospects four. In another district where there for the acceptance of the Gospel are es- were seventy or less, there are more pecially promising. In one congregation than one hundred and fifty. Then there about twenty-five miles below one of the were less than seven hundred Indians stations, on the railroad, fifty-four adults were baptized a month ago. This is a in the entire country who had been . congregation that the Mexican pastor has reached, while now there are eight largely cultivated under the guidance of thousand or more among three tribes. The missionaries told me that where the Holy Spirit, though the missionaries have given a little assistance. He has Spanish churches had become dead and moribund, when the Indians begreat enthusiasm for the work out in the gan to be reached, the Spanish small villages. He has recently opened churches became alive and active. In up work in several villages near Lake parts of the country where eight years Patzcuaro where the Tarasco Indians live. In one village 200 were present one night, and in another 150. In two of the villages the Indians have moved the organs of the Catholic church down ago there were practically no Indian near the door, and our preachers have Christians, today there are about fifty used them for teaching Gospel hymns. organized churches.-L. L. LEGTERS, There are no priests to visit the villages, Pioneer Mission Agency.

and in most of the places no one has education enough to conduct a Catholic Bible Selling in Panama service.

Mexico in TraD$ition I T IS proverbially difficult to sell Bi- bles in Catholic lands and in about THE constitutional provisos regard- 90 per cent of our calls we sell nothing. ing worship and the Mexican gov- If I fail to make a sale I leave a Scripernment's edict of June, 1926, affects ture portion if the occupants can read at least four religious groups in Mex- or will receive it. In the province of ico. The Roman Catholics have been Chiriqui in the republic of Panama in led to open revolt, in some sections as three months' work I left 9,942 por- yet unsuppressed. The assassination tions of the Word of God, much of it of General Obregon is but a single in- in places never hitherto visited. Dur- cident of the rebellion. ing July we held street meetings in The civil authorities are hoping for the City of Colon, which is perhaps the success of an independent Mexican for its size the wickedest city in the Church, while for the most part Prot- world. During that month we dis- estantism has taken an encouraging tributed 3,657 portions of the Word in 5

English, Spanish, French, Yiddish, olic Missionary Society has been Chinese, Italian, and many of the lan- formed, a holiday decreed called "The guages of India. Day of the Gospel" and a prominent man of letters has written a book I took the trouble for a day and a entitled "The Invisible Christ." Prothalf to gather the statistics of why estant Sunday-school methods, even people do not buy our Scriptures. In tent meetings have been used. But twelve hours' work I had 240 pros- such aggressive tactics are better than pects, which classified as follows: the former dead materialism. The door of opportunity will swing open, 50 hindered by poverty. and must not be allowed to close. 24 promised to find me later. 14 homes, no responsible person. EUROPE 2 poor eyesight. A FamJly of Eight Thousand 18 downright fanatics. 26 absolutely indifferent. T o FEED, clothe, house and edu- 3 sickness. cate 8,000 boys and girls is no light 30 already had Testaments. undertaking, even in these days of 43 could neither read nor write. wonders. That is the daily task of 5 could not classify. Dr. Barnardo's Homes. 25 bought Scriptures. It was in the early 'sixties when That is a pretty good average cross- the late Dr. Barnardo laid down his section of conditions in Central Amer- now famous Charter: "No destitute ica.-R. C. H. in The Word of Life. child ever refused admission."

Broadcasting the Gospel In the sixty-two years since then, the tally of orphan and destitute little WE USE our Radio transmitter to ones admitted to Dr. Earnardo's carry the message to invisible Homes has reached the high figure of audiences in the Argentine. There 105,500. Over 2,000 boys and girls are now more than twenty-five re- and babies entered the "Ever-Open ceiving stations in this city with from Door" in 1927, and the present numsix to eight loud speakers. When I ber of the family is almost 8,000, transmit they can hear nothing else some hundreds of whom are crippled from other parts, so they have to hear or afflicted in various ways.-The for at least one hour on the nights Christian. of transmission. The new bishop has also a fine receiving station with his Salvation Army Rule RefOrn1 aerial wire from the tower of the Cathedral. We avoid all possible al- I N SAILING for England, National lusions to the church or their doc- Commander Evangeline Boo t h trines, and seek only to present Christ sent a long wireless message to the through simple explanation of the way New York Times, dated December 22d. of Salvation, illustrations and Gospel The substance of it was this: When singing. Sometimes my wife or I give the great founder died, he left to the a Gospel solo, and sometimes sing to- Army the rule that he was to be sucgether. ceeded by his son and that future leaders were to be appointed on lines Rome Wakes Up in Argentine of nepotism. Since then, the organ- ization has spread over the world, to NEITHER Evangelical Christianity mission lands in particular. Miss nor the Roman Church has flour- Booth radioed the following and much ished in Argentina, but within the more: "I feel the onerous responsibilyear has come a singular awakening, ity laid upon me and my five Amerinot as a furtherance of the true Gos- can commissioners of representing the pel, but as an attack against Protes- United States on the High Council of tantism and the United States, as its the Salvation Army, consisting of promotors frankly aver. A new Cath- sixty-three delegates from all parts of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the world, which will assemble on Jan- Finnish Misslon Progress uary 8th in London. The task allotted to the Council is to harmonize the SINCE its organization in 1859, the present constitution of our organiza- Finnish Missionary Society of tion with a broader form of govern- Helsingfors has extended its operament which will put into force a tion into provinces of Hunan and long-looked-for measure of reform, in- Hupeh, China, into Palestine, where creasing both individual and collective work is done among the Moslems and responsibility for the salvation of the Jews, and into Amboland in southbodies and souls of men." west Africa. In addition, the society maintains city and home mission The Salvation Army officials here work in Finland. The first Finnish believe that this means the deposition missionaries were sent to Amboland of her brother, General Bramwell just sixty. years ago, in 1868. The Booth, who has been in feeble health beginnings were not promising: the for two years, and her appointment first baptisms were not administered as head of the world-wide Army, until 1883, missionaries were few, and though she rejects the latter proposi- the support from home was inadetion. Manifest fitness for leadership quate. But God has greatly blessed and world-wide policies should dom- the field, especially during the last ten inate the new General, and not the years. In 1907 there were 1,661 Chriscontinuance of the old "Dynasty" tians; in 1917 there were 3,400, and scheme, they ·think. in 1927 there were 21,037, with over 2,000 catechumens and 6,112 pupils Italian Fascist Youth Organizations in elementary and other schools. Be- sides fifty-one European workers, T HE following figures give an idea there are now more than 260 native of the extent to which the Italian workers, of whom seven are ordained Fascists Movement has permeated the ministers. The Bible is translated in youth of Italy, and of the systematic Ndonga, but only the New Testament, efforts which it is making to train the Psalms and the books of the major the new generation in the Fascist prophets are printed. A bi-monthly spirit: religious paper is published. The schools have received no grants from Men Fascists ………….. . 1,027,010 the British Administration, but some Women Fascists ……….. . 88,006 grants of drugs. have been received "Young Italians" ………. . 66,253 for medical. work, and, from this year, "Little Italians" ……….. . 365,781 a grant of 300 pounds for hospital University Groups ……… . 16,965 upkeep in Ndonga.-N. L. C. B. Avanguardisti …………. . 325,127 Balilla •……………….. 780,937 Total ……………….. 2,670,078 If to this total are added those en- An Anti-Religious Campaign rolled in the various national syndicates and Fascist associations under ANTI-RELIGIOSNIK, the anti-rethe direct control of the party, the ligious newspapers of Moscow, retotal number would be 6,814,703. ports that anti-religious propaganda in Russia is carried on with special Spiritual and religious education is intensity during the time of the in the hands of 560 chaplains. By a Church festivals, as for instance at recent decree four naval training ships Christmas-tide. Anti-religious "cells" have been placed at the disposal of are formed or re-adapted for the camthe National Balilla organization for paign; anti-religious wall-newspapers the naval divisions of the Balilla and are published; preparatory lectures Avanguardisti. The total number of and talks are given, social evenings 'camps organized during the summer planned, special excursions and amusewas 120, with an attendance of more ments prepared for the children's holithan 50,000 boys and young men. days-skiing parties, skating, games,

cinemas, athletics, competitions, etc., of 250 members and stand for high to counteract religion. morality. I addressed them twice, and the questions after my talk re- The preparatory work in the schools vealed discontent and a desire to reand in the groups consists in talks form their lives. One liberal Moslem given to the children before they sep- offered personal help in establishing arate for the holidays. Attention is a night school, saying: 'I desire an drawn to the customs and habits con- effort to reform the inner life of my nected with the festival, and to the people.' Two others asked for 200 evil effects, and competition is organ- tracts to distribute in their tobacco ized on the subject, "Why is Religion factory, one writing in the back of harmful?" the children being required a tract: 'I will honor all who serve to give written or oral answers. Humanity. I should like to be one.' Christmas Eve "socials" are arranged, beginning at an hour which would "In Comotini I was introduced to a prevent the children from going to sheik who said: 'I cannot but admit church. that we leaders of Islam have made mistakes and wronged our people, who Russian "League of Death" now must pay for it.'

PRESS dispatches report an epi- "Many of the Turks are pure ma- demic of suicides among the youth terialists, and fear that religious bein certain parts of Russia. A "League lief-superstition they call it-will of Death," which caused eleven young keep the people from advancing in Communists to take their own lives civilization." -News Sheet. during the last summer and autumn, has been discovered in the far off AFRICA town of Liesva, in the Urals. Suicides of some of the most active mem- Revolutionizing Al Azhar, Cairo bers of the local branch of the Communist youth had been occurring ONE of the most numerously atfor several months before it was real- tended universities of the world, ized that the movement for self-de- visited by many travelers to Egypt, struction was organized. The results is the Mohammedan University in of an investigation have been pub- Cairo, Al Azhar. And now, wonder lished in detail in the Moscow Com- of wonders! if proposed plans come munist Youth Pravda. to fruition great changes are con- templated. At a gathering of the high Inquiries revealed that f. pessimistic Ulemas (a combination of a D.D. and atmosphere had suddenly enveloped Ph.D. among Moslems), the present in its black folds a large section of Grand Mufti (officer in Moslem courts the most intelligent young people. who interprets the Koranic law), the They assembled to read strange poetry Grand Sheikh of the University, and and to discuss the futility of exist- others, totaling 180, have decided upence and of striving. They decided on drastic reforms in this University, that life was not worth living and which was founded 976 years ago, and glorified death as the only sensible still is the principal seat of Islamic and beautiful thing. learning. It is proposed to change the institution from a medireval Islamic Student Work in Greece religious school to a modern university based on European ideals. The Uni- MR. PHILOTHEOS ZIKAS gives versity will be placed under the con- an account of his second sum- trol of the Minister of Education, like mer's work in Greece. other Egyptian schools. Those seek- ing to enter will be required to pass "The first city visited was Xanthie. an examination and show proficiency. Irreligious teaching finds good ground in elementary subjects and to know there, yet there is a yearning for half the Koran. The native press is something better. Young M()slems not in favor of the changes, as "savorhave organized a Temperance Society

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing too much of the influence of Tur- particulars, found in the Woman's key." Recently a thousand Bibles Missionary Magazine. "On October have been ordered for distribution in seventh, His Highness received the Al Azhar for the study of compara- crown and became henceforth His tive religion. Majesty, King of Ethiopia. The serv- ice was most impressive and was Isla:m in Egypt. viewed with interest. At midnight, ANUMBER of proposals for the accompanied by his chiefs and near modernizing of EI Azhar Univer· friends he went to a holy church, near sity, Cairo, are under discussion, and the Empress's Palace-all churches in it is expected that many of them will Ethiopia are not equally sacred; those be put into execution. They comprise: supposed to have been visited by some the using of the HEI Azhar" Mosque saint are especially holy. From mid- for worship only, the purpose for night until dawn there was a religious which it was originally built in 970 ceremony, chanting of the priests, A. D. and the building of four large burning of scented tapers, holy colleges in the neighborhood for the dances and all the ceremony of the educational activities which are at Coptic Church. From the Church they present carried on in the Mosque; proceeded to the Empress's Palace the translation into Arabic from mod- where the Empress was to place the ern European languages of a number crown. This ceremony was viewed of scientific' and other books which only by the chiefs of the land and the may be of use to the students; the Foreign Minister of each of the For- introduction into the curriculum of eign Legations there." Then as the the study of comparative religion, procession started back to the church, which would include the study of that this coronation might receive the Judaism and Christianity. blessing and sanction of the church- Signs of a tendency towards en- for State and Church are one-the forcing Islam more rigorously in Empress stood with a little handful of Egypt and for propagating it abroad, personal servants while all the crowd may be seen in the recent decision of followed the new King.

the Ulema in Egypt that in accord- ance with the Sharia Law an unmar- The Congo Jubilee Conference P ried Moslem woman has no right of ROTESTANT missions in the Congo celebrated the fiftieth anfreedom until she is past marriageable age, but is the absolute property niversary of their establishment by of her legal guardians. This decision a general conference which convened was given in the case of a young in Leopoldville September 16th and woman who wished to become a Chris- continued until September 24th.

tian. It is clearly contrary to the There were 190 delegates, composed Constitution of 1922, which guaran- of missionaries and missionary secre- tees liberty of conscience, religious taries. More than twenty boards were liberty, and individual freedom, and represented, including Baptist, Pres- reveals an important contradiction be- byterian, Methodist, Lutheran, Breth- tween the religious and the civil law. ren, Disciples, Mennonites, and Chris- It yet remains to be seen whether the tian Alliance, representing churches religious law will continue to prevail. in Europe and America, met together There is also a proposal to send Mos- for days of prayer and conference.

lem emissaries to Europe to spread Swedes, Belgians, North Americans, the principles of Islam. Englishmen, Negroes worked togeth- er harmoniously and united in cele- Royal Enthronement in Ethiopia brating the Lord's Supper on Sunday PROBABLY those who have seen afternoon, when the communicants accounts of the coronation of the were served by a Congregational King of Ethiopia have not read these American, a' Belgian preacher, a

French preacher; a Liberian layman, Ohio, has contracted with the Governa negro from Boston, a Swede preach- ment of Liberia for a ninety-nine year er and a Scotchman.-O. E. Goddard. lease of 1,000,000 acres of land suit- able for a rubber plantation. The MiS8iOJ~1I VB. Slavery company plans to spend $100,000,000 in clearing the jungle, and to employ SPEAKING at the Congo Jubilee 350,000 Liberian laborers. Hand in Exhibition in the Central Hal!, hand with this must go the develop- Westminster, M. Ramsay MacDonald ment of roads, harbors, water systems declared: "As soon as the missionary and argicultural methods. Above all appears shwery is doomed. I do not there must be an educational system. say that it is doomed in 24 hours, Mr. Harvey Firestone, president of but I do say the presence of the mis- the company, is cooperating with missionary has this effect, explain it as sionary agencies in outlining plans you may-that from the moment he for such a system. The development becomes a part of the atmosphere of of village life, a higher standard of a race, slavery dwindles and educa- home life, the various facilities for tion begins. Men whose lives have welfare all afford opportunity for the been long lived in the atmosphere of work of the Church. Those who know ignorant superstition and mortal ter- the typical African village will rejoice ror, are enabled to lift up their heads in this experiment. and to discover that there is something giving them 'power, enabling them to Wireless in Uganda walk about with heads uplifted, obedient to the law, but not victims of the AFEW years ago people in Central law, enabling them not only to look Africa did not dream of the posout on the world but within them- sibility of hearing a voice from Lonselves. There begins responsible care, don, but today, those who find their which at last emerges into a concep- life's work in Uganda, are able to tion of the responsibilities of useful- listen in to concerts broadcast from ness, lending them the idea of London. responsibility to the universe. I think the missionary requires no further A gift from Australia of a wireless justification. We who have been called apparatus to missionaries in Uganda upon to attend to the secular affairs has made this communication a realof life rather than the spiritual, will ity. never fail to be grateful, I hope, to the missionaries who have carried in- "Now each evening from Monday to effect the gospel of human justice to Friday, we are able to listen in to as well as of spiritual power. Do not London's music," says Mrs. Rogers, forget that the fabric of social organ- writing in the Church Missionary ization-justice, order, law, rectitude, Gleaner. Last Sunday we heard the and uprightness cannot be defended closing hymn and voluntary from unless we keep before our minds that "somewhere," so we are hoping to be mere material interests and powers able to hear the whole service next must not govern this country or the week. What would David Livingstone world, but that the great eternal im- and Stanley think could they revisit pulses of spirituality must guide and the "Dark Continent" today and find guard us."-South African Outlook. in this district alone seven wireless stations. New Day in Liberia Winning Pyglllies Through Sleep AN EXPERIMENT in Liberia, the ftfirst in history to combine a com- T HE Negro, Canon Apolo, is the mercial and educational program, will Church Missionary Society's head be watched with interest. The Fire- of missionary work for these little stone Rubber Company of Akron, men of Equatorial Africa. He writes to Rev. A. B. Lloyd, who had been aiding him in his work, as follows:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"I must tell you at once that your WESTERN ASIA visit has been greatly blessed to the pygmies. They have now very much Emancipation of the Moslem increased in numbers, and they are always talking of the love you showed MUSTAPHA KEMAL, in officially to them, especially by your sleeping adopting the alphabet used by in their village with them. This, they all the Western nations, takes another say, is a great wonder and surprise tremendous step toward the ultimate to them all, and as a result they have emancipation of the Moslem. With all decided to read God's Word and that comes his insistence that all must they will not allow their [Negro] learn to read with the new letters. teacher to leave them for a moment; He deplores the illiteracy of his peothey read the Book by night and day. ple. Should he succeed in opening up I went back to see them after you had to his people the whole wealth of gone, and I find there many who now literature of the West there will be really believe in Jesus Christ. I must set in motion forces that will eventuconfess that I am amazed at the bless- ate in religious freedom and the disings that have come to us as a result integration of Islam. of your viBit …… I do not hesitate to say that God, the Holy Spirit, was The move among the adjoining Moswith you and he came down with su- lem peoples is in the same direction. preme power' upon the people. When Persia and Afghanistan are being they came to me in such numbers' to powerfully influenced by the touch of be written down for baptism, I knew the great nations of the world to more that they were sent by God the Holy enlightened policies. Spirit." All these matters are of tremendous A Movement in South Africa import to the Church of Christ, and it looks as though in this sphere the AREMARKABLE religious move- political programs of the prophets are ment has been inaugurated at moving to rapid fulfilments. Rhodes University College, Grahamstown, and in other places in South Af- The New Alphabet for Turkey rica through the visit of a party of seven men from Oxford who have BEGINNING December I, all Turkspent their long vacation in the Union ish newspapers appeared in Latwith a view to sharing with others in characters, leaving thousands of their new-found experience of God. readers without news because the From each place they have visited ex- Turkish public., already eighty per cent traordinary reports have come of their illiterate in the discarded Arabic charwork and influence, says the South acters, has been unable as yet to be- African Outlook. come literate in the Latin characters. The nation is studying hard at adult Grahamstown was greatly stirred night schools under a special corps of and to many of the students there the teachers. Angora has started a pareligion of Jesus Christ has become triotic effort whereby all literates are the supreme concern in life. The voluntarily teaching their illiterate preaching of the men from Oxford neighbors. Mustapha Kemal, the contains nothing new but they em- President, has set an example in perphasize, with a freshness and telling sonally giving lessons to his ministers power, truths that have been the back- and entourage in the Latin alphabet. ground of every religious awakening Advantage has been taken of radio, since the days of the early Church. and twelve thousand teachers have This development among students in been used in giving the necessary in- Grahamstown and elsewhere will be struction, and 1,000 Government emwatched with close interest. ployees were threatened with dis- charge if they didn't become proficient in using the new characters in two months. "The Ottoman language died

with the Ottoman Empire," the Gov- they like. The present Minister of ernment radio broadcast said. "The Education has granted to missionary Arabic characters are unfitted for the schools a fair measure of liberty in needs of expression in modern civili- adapting the curriculum which is enzation." Mustapha Kemal is destroy- forced throughout all schools in Pering old Turkey and upon its ruins he sia, to fit in with their educational is seeking to build a new civilization. ideals. The women of Turkey also are coming out of all their old prison houses of Progress in A1'abia ignorance and bondage into the light of a new day. The entire nation is rrHE Arabian Mission has reopened being rejuvenated and Kemal is urg- a medical work that has been ing them forward with all his power. With hot impatience he is making a closed for fifteen years. Dr. P. W. clean sweep of old customs and habits Harrison was appointed to Matrah in which shackled Turkey and impeded it, the Province of Oman and began a and separted it from an advancing dispensary and in-patient department. world. The things which Kemal is doing in a day seemed formerly impos- Matrah is a twin city of Muscat sible of accomplishment in a century. and is the head of the caravan route -United Presbyterian. to the whole hinterlanu. Dr. Harrison hopes to reach many of the Oman Reform Movement in PerAia. villages with the Gospel by combined medical and evangelistic touring. T HE reform movement is making headway. A number of students At Basrah the Mission is expecting are going to Europe to study, the law to put up a building to accommodate courts are being reorganized, the cul- the school for girls. The desire for tivation of opium is being controlled, a modern education is increasing in measures for the improvement of pub- all the Arabian Mission stations. An lic health are to be enforced. Evidence Arab ruler recently stated that he is of the strength of the Nationalist determined that his son shall have a Movement may be discovered in the thoroughly English education no matdismissal of the American financial ter how much opposition comes from adviser, the abolition of the capitula- conservative elements. Schools have tions, the demand that Persia should been established in villages that never control her own education system, the had them before. They are schools movement for unity within the Chris- of the old type, but they decrease tian Church. illiteracy, and open the door to all Arabic literature. The Mission has This Nationalist Movement does not schools for boys in four stations and appear to be necessarily anti-foreign for girls in two. or anti-Christian. There is clear evidence that the Persian Government is The missionaries at Kuwait have not going to insist, as at first seemed made medical and evangelistic visits likely, on the teaching of the Koran to several of the villages situated at in missionary schools. The present distances from the central town. Minister of Education has shown him- These give good opportunities for the self more tolerant towards missionary distribution of literature, and as the activity than his predecessor. Books trips can be made by motor car, the containing extracts from the Bible regular work is not interrupted.-E. may be employed in school hours, E. Calverly. though the actual teaching of the Bible is forbidden. It is also permitted Sky-Rocket Reforms in Afghanistan in school to teach the lives of great men and prophets; while out of school ANOTHER man has tried to "hustle hours missionaries may teach what tl.the East" and as a result has been hustled off his throne. When the thir- ty-six-year-old Afghan King Amanul- lah returned to Kabul from Europe with his modernized Queen Souriya,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

he realized that his country, Afghan- Indian clergyman, and two lay helpers. istan, was backward. He proclaimed 'rhe need for more workers is great. many reforms, including new taxes, exploitation of the country's national Christianity in India resources, development of commerce, compulsory military service, the aboli- MR. NATARAJAN, Editor of the tion of polygamy and of the veil for Indian Social Reformer, writes women, modern education for both in reply to an essay by Robert Smith men and women, European hats and Wilson on "The Indirect Effects of other clothes in place of turbans and Christian Missions in India." robes, and the introduction of many modern scientific improvements. But "The message of Jesus Christ whenthe people are all Mohammedans and ever and wherever delivered, without are slow to move in the direction of ulterior objects and simply as a mesreform. Turb.ans are related to their sage, has been welcomed everywhere religion, as are many of their old with open minds and grateful hearts. time customs. Young men rebelled In proselytising missions, the religious against military service and dress re- purpose is overlaid with many secular form; husbands and fathers rebelled purposes, personal, economic, and even against modernizing women; mullahs political …… India has accepted and other religious leaders rebelled Christ but has rejected Christianity against secularization of the state and …… What India has done is to take declared that the King and Queen Jesus and the organization apart, and, were "possessed of the devil." while absorbing the former into her religious consciousness, has utilized As a result Amanullah abdicated in the latter for lessons, which she sorefavor of his older brother, Inayatul- ly needs in organization for social lah, a religious devotee with four work …… We do not think that an wives and twenty concubines, and fled Indian Christianity will ever arise from the capital. Now this elder from the ashes of foreign religions. brother has been deposed by the rebel What is happening is that the old chieftain. The process of reform will religions are gaining a new life from be more successful through the plant- contact with the teachings of Jesus ing of truth, like a grain of wheat, Christ." and awaiting the harvest. A Stewardship Campaign in India INDIA AND SIAM SECRETARY D A V I D McCON- A New Community in India AUGHY is now conducting a Stewardship Campaign among the AvAST area in the Multan district churches, mainly Presbyterian, but in of the Punjab, India, has, during the United Church of India (North) the past six or seven years, been irri- J,S well. His first report from his ingated with canals, and thousands of itial meetings says: "There has been acres of land have been brought un- much prayer and expectant faith, and der cultivation. As a result of this when the time came, the effect was at development thousands of colonists once evident. Pastors, elders, teachhave flocked to the district, and among ers, catechists, Bible women, as well them some two thousand Christians. as missionaries from the nearer sta- But, in spite of the fact that the tions, gathered from more than a Church Missionary Society is carry- score of churches. Sunday the attending on work in this district, scarcity ance numbered 487, not counting of workers means that the responsi- children, 218 having come from outbility of caring for and ministering side and the distance averaging 35 to this Christian community, and of miles for the 23 places represented." winning others from the newcomers rests upon 'One missionary, one aged Mr. McConaughy shows the reasons for questioning the value of such a

campaign among India's poverty- Lord know in non-Christian lands, to stricken lower classes who make up build up a system of purely secular eduthe bulk of Indian Christians. "The cation: And membership of the Church in India is drawn almost entirely from the lower 2. Whereas, under the various reguclasses, socially and economically. The lations for the registration of schools margin of income over the actual cost in China both the academic and religious of subsistence is very narrow. The liberty of the schools is seriously curbetter educated naturally aspire to an tailed: improved scale of living, with the consequent increase of expenditure. 3. Therefore, the National Council Inevitably there follows debt in many considers that the following are essencases. Indeed, this condition is quite tial conditions for the registration of common among mission agents. Con- schools supported in whole or in part ditions are very different from those by the aid of the Church in thp. United in the West, and undoubtedly many States, namely: times more difficult." Despite poverty which is here too lightly stressed, 4. That nothing in the regulations or Indian Christian leaders are anxious other requirements under whiCh l'egisto get every possible hint to aid in tration is to he effected shall: leading to increased giving. The Indian Christian Press hails with joy (a ) Forbid an open declaration of this campaign. the Christian character and purpose of the school. Is India Dry? (b) Involve the surrender of the title AN ASTONISHING thing has hap- to or of the control of property. .t.pened in the Punjab. Citizens of the town of Taran have lately secured (c) Impair the authority of the Nafrom the Provincial Government the tional Council, as trustees; through its privilege of holding a local option elec- representatives in China to appoint and tion as to whether liquor shops in the remove directors of the school, to detown should continue to operate. termine its conduct, and to select its Over fifteen hundred voters went to principal and faculty. the polls and voted "dry" to a man. This is probably the most decisive (d) Impair the right of the school to local option vote yet recorded in any teach the Christian religion and t(; procountry. The nearest approach to it vide Christian services as a regular part possibly occurred in Kentucky some of the school life. twenty years ago when about the same number of votes were cast, and all 5. Whenever the Bishop, as the reprewere "dry" excepted those of the two sentative in China of the trustees, finds liquor dealers and their relatives- that all the foregoing conditions can be seventeen in all.-Indwn Witness. fulfilled, the Nation Council of Advice, would be justified in registering the CHINA school.

Registration of Schools in China Reconstruction in China THE following action was taken by I N AN editorial entitled "Watch 1929 the Protestant Episcopal Church in ChinaI" the October number of in their recent convention in Wash- The Chinese Recorder names some reington relative to the demand of China constructive measures that may be that all schools be registered with the looked for in the New Year. We are government. reminded that "a modern leadership is trying to adapt an ancient people 1. Whereal!, it is not the function of to a world situation which itself, as the Church, as it endeavors to make our the age of man goes, emerged but yesterday. Never before did a race face such vast reconstructivl;l urgen- cies and have to meet them in so short a time as is now the case with China." The public interment of Sun Yat Sen on January 1st focused pub- lic attention sharply on his personality and policies. Four of these policies, already in operation, are: A period of political tutelage is being set up; the government proposes to control some important public utilities; the administrative power of the govern-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment is to be under five councils, Leg- general improvement in the state of islative Executive, Judicial, Examina- the country is being maintained, and tion and Supervisory; China is to be in a considerable measure extended. under a one-party government. The Journeys are undertaken with much Third National Representative Con- sense of insecurity, and at times with gress has been called and plans are a minimum of comfort and convenunder way for the completion of the ience, in spite of which there is abunregistration of schools in 1929 and dant cause for thansgiving and praise for the promulgation of new factory for the large number of our workers laws. who have reached their destinations without loss or hindrance." Peking Now Peiping AS CHRISTIANIA has changed to Should We Withdraw from. China!

W 1".Oslo, and St. Petersburg through HAT ought to be the spirit and the policy of the Home Church Petrograd to Leningrad, so Peking (whose literal meaning is "northern towards these new movements in the capital") will henceforth be known as Chinese field? Principal D. S. Cairns Peiping ("northern peace"). The al- of Scotland, when in China recently teration is due to the fact that Peking had a long talk with a large group has been shorn of its former glory, of Chinese Christians in Peking. I though it may be the seat of the said to these men that my own Church provincial government of Chihli. It (The United Free Church of Scot- is only in foreign newspapers that land) had seven great mission fields; the old name still lingers, and the that it was unfortunately very diffi- removal of the foreign Legations to cult to man them and raise sufficient the new capital, Nanking, is probably money to maintain them; that we only a matter of time. The name had no desire to remain in China "Chihli" has also been changed, per- after it was clear that our time there haps because of its associations with was up; that in that case we would the Chihli, or Northern, party, and throw our energies into other fields the province is now spoken of in Chi- that wanted them more. What did nese newspapers as "Hopeh" (="north they wish me to say to the Church of the river"), just as Honan gains at home?

its name from its position south of the A vigorous-looking young Chinese Yellow River.-China's Millions. was sitting in a corner of the room, "TMissiona.ries Returning to Stations whom the others jocularly referred HERE has been a weekly aver- Principal Cairns and Chinese Leader age of over twenty workers leav- to as the representative of the Kuo- min-Tang, said nothing in answer to ing Shanghai for various parts of the my question, but remained behind. interior," says Mr. Warren of the After the others had gone he said with China Inland Mission in a letter dated deep earnestness, "The missions must November 2d. "There are now about not think of leaving us yet." I said, one hundred and seventy of our sta- "Why do you say that? Do you think tions occupied by missionaries, and Christianity would die out in China approximately six hundred and fifty if we all withdrew?" "No," he said, of our workers at ordinary duties, or "I am not afraid of that. Christianity traveling towards their locations. will never die out now. It is too firm- This shows a great advance on the ly rooted, no matter what happens.

situation six months ago, and we hope But what t am afraid of, if you do for a steady improvement during the leave us now, is that it would sink to winter. Eighty-five missionaries are the level of one religious sect among now returning from the home lands others, and that it would accept that and fifty-seven new arrivals during position. But if you stay twenty-five the last three months of the year. The years longer with us, it will be strong

and mature enough to go ahead and ty years science has been the foundawin the whole people. tion of education in Japan, but now the educators have discovered that No one of the group expressed a with the emphasis of science on ma- desire to have the missionaries leave terialism, Marxianism has found easy China.-The Record. entrance, and they are turning back to religion. Chinese Church Progress Another reason that Mr. Kagawa THE first annual report of the gives for the turning of Japanese ed-· Church of Christ in China has ucators to religion as a basis lies in many points of encouragement. The their devotion to Pestalozzi whose inaverage giving in one Synod of 10,000 fluence has gradually increased in Jamembers is nine dollars per capita. pan. Pestalozzi was a Christian teach- Another Synod has opened a theolog- er, and because he based education on ical school, while still others are ar- religious principles, Japanese educaranging to have Chinese women serve tors have agreed to do so. as elders. In the Swatow District the Christian organization is 60% While an open door is offered to self-supporting. A uniting feature Christianity, the anti-Christian spirit of this united church is the establish- of Bolshevism is also growing. The ment of a central fund, from which Marxists are teaching atheism. The all pastors are paid, thus relieving works of Lenin are atheistic, and so the pastor from urging people to pro- are those of Bucharin and Luccaci, vide his own salary. and others which have been trans- lated into Japanese. Daboring's books JAPAN-CHOSEN against the church and theism have been translated also. If that spirit Chrioltian Opportunity in Japan grows and becomes deeply rooted in the minds of the proletarians, it will ACCORDING to Toyohiko Kagawa, be much more difficult to evangelize Japan's great social worker and Japan. religious leader, the present is the best opportunity that Christianity has A Kor'ean's Im.portunity ever had, to enter the hearts of the Japanese. Two years ago the men, A CHRISTIAN in Andong, Chosen, and last year the women primary had heard the missionary say that school teachers of the Empire met in all believers should have family convention and declared that hence- prayers, so the next morning he said forth religion must be the basis for to his wife, "Let us have family education in Japan. Anyone familiar prayer." She had no intention of bewith the former attitude of educators coming a Christian and ran out of the toward religion will understand this house. Every morning he repeated his change to be revolutionary, for the invitation, and soon she did not run Imperial Rescript has been considered out of the house but only into the a sufficient moral basis, and "religion" kitchen; so he read the Bible in a loud had not been allowed in the schools. voice, and prayed so that she could Religion in this sense does not mean hear. What was the use of running Buddhism or Shintoism, both of which any longer if she was to hear anyway, have been more or less connected with so she began staying in the room, sewthe schools. Christianity, however, ing or working while he read and was formerly opposed because it prayed. Then a woman missionary teaches that God is greater than any came to hold a Bible class, and this earthly sovereign. If Christianity is Christian husband gave his wife monnow sought as a basis for education, ey and sent her off with the other it is partly because some more ade- church women to have a "sightsee" quate authoritative and powerful basis of the foreign lady. While attending is needed for moral character. For six- the class she became a Christian.

WORTH

~M3§ Any bookB mentioned in theBe columnB will be forwarded by UB on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Jerusalem Meeting of the Internation- land are exceptionally suggestive and aVloiCs.ou$n7c.i0l,0.MIanrctehrn2a4t-iAonparlil M8,is1s9io2n8a, r8y f rUl'tfuI. There is no better treatment Council, New York City. 1928. of this whole subject in a brief space The June number of the REVIEW than is found here.

presented a full account of the meet- Volume IlIon "The Relation be- ing of the International Council in tween the Younger and the Older Jerusalem last Easter time. The of- Churches," begins with Dr. Warnficial report of the meeting has now shuis's preliminary paper, and pro- been issued in eight attractive and ceeds to the discussions summarized convenient volumes. by Mr. Silcock of the British Friends' The first deals with "The Christian Foreign Mi~sions Association. This Life and Message in Relation to Non- is followed by a paper prepared by Christian Systems of Thought and Archbishop Soderblom of Sweden, an Life." It contains the seven papers address by Bishop Temple and a state- prepared in advance on the "values" ment of the Indian view of the in- of the great non-Christian religions digenous church by Mr. P. A. Philip and on Secularism, also a report of of India. The findings adopted by the the discussions on the subject of the Council is followed by a call for larg- Christian Message and the non-Chris- er and more intelligent support of the tain faiths, three supplementary pa- missionary enterprise by the Western pers written after the meeting by Churches, and a very brief statement three delegates, one of whom was the of relations with the ancient Churches Archbishop of York, William Temple, of the East. A full appendix contains and finally the Statement of the Chris- reports on rmoafnyrepslpaonnssiobfilidteyvotloutitohn~ tian Message unanimously adopted by or transfe the Council. This is the freshest and indigenous churches, and accounts of most courageous treatment of the is- the constitutions of some of the resue of comparative religion which is cently developed churches. The findavailable. It is a tonic reassurance ings reporte~ here correct a good many as to the clear and faithful Christian erroneous vIews on both sides of this principle of the Missionary Enter- question of relationships.

prise. It is an authoritative affirmation Volume IV treats of "The Chris- of the uniqueness and universality, tian Mission in the Light of Race Con- the sufficiency and indispensableness flict." There are four preliminary of the Gospel. papers, three on the relations of the Volume II deals with "Religious white and black races in America and Education." It contains the admirable Africa, and one on the race problem preliminary paper by Professor Weigle on the Pacific Coast of North Ameri- of Yale and Mr. J. H. Oldham, the ca. TtowtohebCrioeufenrcilsbtayteDmr.enJtoshnfoHlloopw~ comments from six mission fields, the made discussions and the statement adopted on the American Negro Problem and by the Council on the subject. The Mr. Max Yergan on The Race Prob- contributions of Dr. Weigle and of lem in Africa, and lastly a summary Canon Raven of the Church of Eng- of the Council's discussion and a state- 237

ment of its findings. Again one must with material for weeks of sermons say that no other book provides in so or study classes or society meetings.

small a space a true Christian view They illustrate the continuing vitality of the fundamental race issue of our of the missionary enterprise. They day. use the vocabulary of our own day Volume V is entitled "The Chris- but they set forth the everlasting Gos- tian Mission in Relation to Industrial pel and the ancient and undying faith.

Problems." The preliminary paper is In this respect they are a good model by William Paton on "Christianity and of the right articulation of old things the Growth of Individualism in Asia and new, of what is abiding and of and Africa," the supplementary pa- new conditions in which that which pers by Dr. Inman on "Missions and is abiding must find its home and be Economics in Latin America" and Mr. given its control. As always many Grimshaw, of the International Labor things are supposed to be new which Office in Geneva, on "Industrial Rev- are not new at all. They are only olution Among Primitive Peoples." deemed new because of our faulty The account of the Council's discus- knowledge of the past. There is no sion is followed by the addresses of greater need in our missionary work Mr. R. H. Tawney and Bishop Mc- today tha,n the need of a more adequate Connell and the findings of the Coun- understanding of the history of for- cil. Here also the word o~ the Council eign missions and the attitudes and was clear and Christian. It dealt with experiences of the men and women principles but did not evaporate them whom we are too easily forgetting.

in generalities. Many of these were among the ablest Volume VI presents a body of new men and women who have ever lived material on "The Christian Mission in and they have wrought with just as Relation to Rural Problems" by Dr. deep interest in realities as any of K. L. Butterfield, Mr. W. J. McKee, us can claim today. Through ignor- Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, Dr. E. deS. ance, we are running the danger in Brunner, Mr. K. T. Paul of India. our time of cutting the bonds of or- The papers are unusually full. The ganic connection with history in the great majority of the people of the science of missions, as men are not world are country or town and village doing in the physical sciences. In dwellers and any missionary effort to physics and chemistry and mathemat- evangelize the whole world must deal ics the present day investigators are principally with these town and coun- working with a thoroughly competent try folks. knowledge of the past. A great many Volume VII discusses "Interna- of our modern missionary students tional Missionary Cooperation" with are inadequately informed as to the a full paper by Dr. John R. Mott, and past of missions.

studies of the best forms of both na- It would be well if many mission tional and international cooperation. study classes would take up Volume The last volume contains a brief I of this report and spend several history of the Jerusalem meeting and months on its study. Any wise and fourteen of the main addresses at the competent pastor will be able to use Council including the sermons on the at least six volumes of this report in opening and closing Sundays. Some this way.

of the speakers were the Bishop of Only time will show, of course, the Salisbury, Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, Pro- influence that these volumes and the fessor Hocking of Harvard, Dr. John Jerusalem Council itself will exert.

MacKay of South America, Dr. Stan- It is always difficult to tell how far ley Jones of India and Bishop Linton such a gathering is a cause and how of Persia. far an effect; how far, in other words, These eight volumes will provide it represents an originating force re- any minister or missionary society sulting in new conditions and how far

BOOKS WORTH READING

it simply registers the effect of tend- foreign mission work of the Southern encies already in operation. It is in- Presbyterian Church, will want to teresting to note how prone each man read this fine human story. Others is to find what he wants to find in will be deeply interested to know how confirmation of his existing opinions. the missionary work is conducted, At a recent meeting, where delegates what various elements go into deterto the Jerusalem Council made re- mining policies and what a wise leadports, it seemed clear that almost ership can accomplish. everyone brought away from the Council just what he took there. In the Few missionary administrators same way, no doubt, those who read have seen so far and so clearly, the these reports will be tempted to find great objectives of the missionary enin them simply confirmation of the terprise, and none have been more views they already hold.. If they read unselfish in devotion to the larger them carefully, however, they will cer- issues of the Kingdom of God than tainly discover many corrective and the writer of these brief sketches. enlarging emphases, and assuredly the report, as a whole, represents a com- s. G. INMAN. prehensive and transcending view of the missionary enterprise which gath- The Way Out. 98 P]). The Pacific Garden ers into itself many partial and frag- Mission, Inc. Chicago, Ill. 1928. mentary views. ROBERT E. SPEER. Fifty years of continuous service is Behind the Scenes. By Samuel H. Ches- reason enough for the publication of a Memorial Volume, especially when ter, D.D., 12 mo. 145 pp. $1.25. the Mission has been instrumental Austin, Texas. 1928. in the salvation of such men as "Mel" Trotter and William A. Sun- A recent book called "Back-Stage" day, and other well-known Christian is having quite a vogue, because it workers. Dozens of interesting seems to satisfy curiosity as to actors stories are told concerning men and when they are not before the foot- women who came to the Mission in lights. A far more interesting book rags and disgrace, but were saved to many of us is the little volume just and reestablished in honorable posifrom the pen of a beloved secretary tions. There is also a fine history of emeritus of the Presbyterian Church the Mission, its founders and its super- (South) describing many interesting intendents from 1877. Pastors and experiences and recounting memories Christian workers will find much to of a mission board secretary stretch- confirm their faith in the Power of ing over some twenty-five years. They the Gospel to save even those who include events and problems in the seem hopeless. M. T. SHELFORD. history of the Board, such <IS "Polygamy on the Mission Field," "Troubles A Book for Boys and Girls. By John in the Congo," "Inauguration of the Bunyan. Edited by E. S. Buchanan. Cooperative Program in Mexico," 12 colored illus. 124 pp. $1.25. New "The Missionary Side of the Inter- York. 1928. church World Movement," "The Layman's Missionary Movement," and The 300th anniversary of the birth others. of John Bunyan naturally brings a revival of interest in him and his The author tells frankly the inside religious masterpiece, "Pilgrim's story of how a mission board and its Progress," and other writings. The secretaries work, what differences, fact that he wrote "A Book for Boys sometimes violent, develop behind the. and Girls" may not be generally scenes; how both foolish and wise known, certainly not among many decisions are made and the results. of the youth of today. The book was first published in May, 1686, under All who know Dr. Chester, who has the alternative title of "Country recently retired from directing the Rhymes for Children" and now re-

published in attractive form, with deafness, lameness, constant pain, twelve quaint full page illustrationlil in coupled in some cases with poverty, color. lowly origin, lack of influence, in no wise barred the progress of these This product of the seventeenth cen- courageous souls. They are an exhibit tury is different from any modern of what humanity may achieve. They book for children, for most of the are a tribute to the potential that is rhymes in theme and phraseology are inherent in the race. more suited to the adult than to the child mind. Notably, "The Awakened Some of them are well-known, others Child's Lament," the second rhyme in lesser known. Some attained wealth, the collection, is phrased as no child others joy in their chosen careers, all of the present day or even of Bunyan's served their fellow men and all atwould think or express himself. Bun- tained distinction. Edward Bok, Andyan evidently knew little of child rew Carnegie, John Muir, Francis psychology and cannot be accused of Parkman, Gipsy Smith, Booker Washviewing life from the child's stand- ington, Josiah Wedgewood, are among point. There had not been developed the group presented. The world still at that time a literature really suitable needs the display of the qualities these for children. Bunyan thoroughly be- men possessed. The graphic, gripping lieved, however, in the need of re- stories will hold attention of young ligious instruction for the young and and old from the first page to the last. sincerely desired by his writings to lend what aid he could. GEORGE H. TRULL.

While the twentieth century expert Team Work, being the C. M. S. Story of in religious education would select few 1927-28. Maps. 119 pp. London. of these seventeenth century rhymes for children of today, yet he should This exceedingly attractive Story of have the collection on his shelf, as a the Year is one of the series presented testimony to the progress that has to the constituency of the great been made in the production of re- Church Missionary Society, a Soligious literature for childhood and ciety which has been bearing faithful youth, now suited to the intelligence testimony for over a century and a and interest of each stage of growth. quarter in the great continents of Asia and of Africa. Its members GEORGE H. TRULL. truly illustrate Lindsay's great trib- ute, "They gird the earth with Stories of Grit. Archer Wallace. 133 pp. valour; they heed their King's com- mand." The figure of the team is $1. New York. 1928. carried admirably through this story of the year, developed through chap- Grit is a quality universally ad- ters with the interesting and progresmired, whether displayed by man or sive titles: The Team and the World; lower animal. It tones moral fibre The Team in Training (West Africa); and issues a challenge. It is like the The Team on Trial (East Africa); tang of a refreshing wind to read of The Team and Its Equipment (the men who in spite, not merely of early Near East) ; The Team Spirit Against but of life long handicaps, have over- Odds (India); Changing Places in come difficulties and made good glori· the Team (China); The Team Adously. venturing (Japan); The Team and England. Archer Wallace in his fourteen "Stories of Grit" presents, in the brief The maps illuminate the story; compass of 133 pages, incidents in the they are ingenious and very instruclives of fourteen men who attained tive. To those who are interested in their goal. They had other qualities; the progress of Christian work in the native ability, ambition, energy, perse· great continents of Asia and Africa, verance, originality, cheerfulness, but this report is heartily commended. sheer grit was the outstanding trait. The handicaps of physical defects,

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1928

b1/ Dr. W. A

Christmas Gift Suggestions I N ADDITION to those always welcome gifts -McCutcheon Handkerchiefs and Linens-we suggest these novelties: A handsome Moorcroft Vase from Liberty's $7.75 Silk Hosiery with French dox. Smart tolors $3.9 S a pair Liberty Silk Scarfs in lovely shades $6.95 and $10.00 each Silver After-dinner Coffee Spoons from Liberty's $14'75 for six Edck gift packeJ in II Jllinty CltristffldS box ~n~. FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTY. NINTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Reg: US Rrt on: Our'~:;;av; ] THt BtST AND MOST DIRter WAY TO AID Money for Missionaries ] The Cause of Christ in Russia and Siberia MISSIONARIES everywhere have con- IS 'tHROUGH l'Hlt fidence in our Missionary Bureau as the most economical source for All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union personal supplies and mission equip- Rev. I. S. ProkhanoJf, President, ment of high quality. ] Leningrad, RUssia FIELD SECRETARIES and Purchasing America" Olliee., 156 Fifth Ave., New YOTk City …'LWYN BALL, JR. . .••..••• American Treasurer Agents find that our free catalogue NORMAN J. SMI'l'H •••..•••. American Secretary and special discount list enables them JOHN JOHNSON •••.••••.•••.. Russian Secretary to save money for their stations. In the last eighteen months we have printed and distributed inside of Russia MISSION BOARDS can economize by 25,000 Russian Bibles …………… . $34.000 10,000 Second Edition …………… . 11,200 selecting hardware, paints and' other 25 ,000 New Testaments and Psalms … . 5,800 building materials from our catalogue. 45,000 The Gospel in Song ……….. . .18,100 40,000 The Gospel Almanac ……… . 6,800 [MO;;;~;';~Y~"~O. ~ If you haven't a Montgomery Ward ' Also for Missionary Support and Lenin· grad Bible College ., ………….. " 32,000 $127.900 Seventy graduates of the ]927-28 Leningrad Dible College classes are already at work in the field; 15.000 Bible ConcQrdances are now being printed in Leningrad.

We Are Gi.lu. Good A.couDt 01 OaTStewanbhlpa. U.tolloe LoTd Bore Bible. must be )'rlnted at once. Send a gift and have a share. If gIfts are impossible now. at least i:nadnlo~r~~r i;t:fli~~:b;:The Goshel in Russia.7' Read The new booklet, "Triumph of the Gospel in Russia." [ ~:SSIOD~ Bureau Chicago, U. S. A. 'Ii b,;y the Rev. I. S. PrQkhanoff, striking news, 14 illustratIons, also sent free upon request. ~~~~~ an Send all communication. and gifts and make check. payable to All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union 156 Fifth Avenue, Room 411 B, New York City Please mention THE 'MISSIONAllY REVIEW OF TliE WORLD i.n writing to advertisen. THE M[SS[ONARY .-.

REVIEW OF THE WORLD LET YOUR GIFT to Foreign Missions DIlLAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME DECEMBER TABLE OF CONTENTS You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Page sions and have a needed income for yourself FRONTISPIECE ••••••••• FIRST NATIVE and others from the money you give by the PASTORS OF BANDAWE, LIV]NGSTONIA Annuity Gift Plan FIFTY-'l'HREE YEARS IN AFRICA •.•• This plan relieves you of uncertainty and … …….. … …. .. . ROBERT LAWS 949 worry caused by changing vallles of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of A remwrkable story of the tra'lt8!orma- tion witnessed by one man. 4t% to 9% per year JOHN R. MOT'l'-CHRISTIAN STATES- for the rest of your life MAN …………. FRANK B. LENZ 957 "I WAS IN PRISON AND YE VISITED ME" •.••. _… V,NCENT J. STEFFAN 965 THE CHURCH AND WORLD PEACE •• •…… Mas. JEANNETTE W. EMRICH 967 AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees ………………. . JOHN E. GEIL 973 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

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LI, No. 12 December

THE MISSIONARY 1{,eWO. .,_…!..UJiiH+-l-IiIW FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA A Remarkable Retrospect of Transformations Seen in Central Africa in the Life of One Missionary BY DR. ROBERT LAWS,* EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND W HEN one looks at the map the country for which he had given of Africa today with its vast his life. inland seas and mighty rivers having thousands of miles As a monument to his memory, of navigable waterway and the and to continue his work, the late names of many peoples depicted Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, who had thereon, it is difficult to realize that been with Livingstone on the Zamthe most of this accurate geo- besi River, at the Free Church graphical knowledge has been at- General Assembly of 1874 protained within the past sixty years, posed that a mission, to be called and contrasts strongly with the the Livingstonia Mission, should be blank spaced interior the map begun on Lake Nyasa, and in May showed in the earlier school days 1875 the pioneer band, of which of many now living. The leader in the writer was one, sailed from this geographical change was Dr. England, under the leadership of Livingstone, and his lonely death Mr. E. D. Young, R.N., whose in Central Africa in 1873, roused special duty it was to get the small the interest, not only of his fellow steamer, which had been provided countrymen, but of the world, in for our use, safely transported and placed on Lake Nyasa.

• After fifty years' labor in Africa Dr, Laws Stanley had left Britain a fort- night earlier to begin that journey :~:e[i~~:ieedfa~~:.~rt~~~! Bra~t;r~~ g~;~n t~~ g~~e~:dW~(t::~~a~fo~,Rc';,"~~er~~ ~~~~~n~~,i'f, which was to clear up the source of the Nile, and reveal to the world missions were all represented-significant of the vast, winding length of the the growing life of the young country whose Congo and its great tributaries, doors he has been so largely instrumental in with teeming populations living along these waterways presenting ~fO~;~i~B ~:ici: ~~~/a~it~f yt!i.~ b::~ glii:~sd their mute appeal for the Gospel N~~~:af~:sois l,~~~J;, in health, white of hair of Christ. ~ith ~ha:dstain~it~~e g~~:t~~s:n:n~~:tak~bi~. but Af;~~~sro;g~n:r~~n~~I:nj~~~s W:}",.:}le~l:~~ The Livingstonia Mission, on reaching Cape Town, had to storekeepers, motor-drivers, artisans. To that charter a sailing vessel to take them with the sections of their t~~nmt~n a~i:ti~fhe~~ i~h~h~a~~::ell~:~nCh~~~~ ~:t: ~~cl:arr:~ ~~du1:~o~~~~; ~fr:h~rr8 f~~le~~ i: :;rOet:I~~ Pfg:~d J~~t !a~~~t w3gkint,!':J ~r[h :::'~f. w~~ ~~~~l~lf~g:~~~~~e% s~g~~!:~:Dii~~: 949

little steamer, and the two years' carded slave yokes, the slavers provisions with which they had thinking there was not much been supplied, to the Kongoni chance of their captives escaping mouth of the Zambesi River. There when so near that port. The they built the little S. S. Ilala and horrors of this trade, and the sufproceeded up the Zambesi and ferings and deaths entailed by it, Shire Rivers to the Murchiston can hardly be understood, and the Cataracts, where it had to be taken callousness of the slave traders, to pieces and transported by cara- even to their own interests, as well vans of native porters to the upper as to the sufferings inflicted, can end of th ecataracts and there re- hardly be credited. built, after which we sailed into Lake Nyasa on Oct. 12, 1875. Besides the wars stirred up be- tween tribes by the slave traders At that time, to the north, the to secure victims for themselves, nearest church or school was to be we found a chronic state of interfound at Khartum or Assiut on tribal war the prevailing condition the Nile; to the west, at the sea during our early years on the lake. coast; to the east, at Zanzibar or I have walked for hours through Bagamoyo 'on the mainland op- the ruins of burned villages and posite; and to the south, north- amid bleaching human bones. wards from Natal. Today all the Along the lake shore, especially at great lakes have one or more mis- the northern half of the lake we sions at work on their shores, and found many villages built on piles, various other missions are labor- where the people were living with ing along the Congo and its mighty tributaries, on the waters of which their cattle, sheep, goats and poulmission and trading steamers are try beside them. The animals had now plying. to swim ashore to feed, or grass and reeds were cut and brought oft SLAVERY AND WARFARE in canoes for their food when ene- Our first voyage round Lake mies were about. Nyasa, the northern part of which until then had been unknown, On the hills to the west of the showed that it was 360 miles long, lake lived the Ngoni, an offset varying in breadth from sixteen to from the Zulus of South Africa, upwards of forty miles. Round who by their war raids and cattIethe shores of this great inland sea lifting forays, kept the surrounding we found many different tribes living, and learned of others on the tribes in terror of their lives, hills inland. Kotakota on the west, where these had not yielded suband Losewa on the east sides of the mission to them as their masters. lake, were the chief ports of the The Ngoni often seized the boys Arab and Swahili slave traders and young men of other tribes, where they transported across the training them as warriors,' and lake the slaves and ivory they had took the girls as wives and slaves. procured in the interior. Several dhows, built on the lake, were en- The difficulty of stopping the gaged in this traffic, and a later slave trade on the eastern sea coast journey, to the west of Kotakota, of Africa led to its being attacked showed the roads strewn with dis- in the interior and stopped on Lake Nyasa by two British gun boats placed there. This led finally to the taking over of the country as the Nyasaland Protectorate. The

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

Photo by Dr. 117. A. 1:l'1ll sUe OLD TIME NGONI WARRIORS AS THEY APNJARED IN WAR DRESS work of the missions, the gradual ditions there is a weekly mail servestablishment of courts of justice, ice, and the first cable, laid to the and the extension of legitimate Cape in 1879, has made telegraphic commerce, led not only to the sup- communication an every day pospression of the slave trade but to sibility. The railway we found the abolition of domestic slavery. recently begun at the Cape in 1875, With the Pax Brittanica came the has now been carried across the steady improvement of communi- Zambesi to Broken Hill and the cation, and other conditions help- Congo State, with ultimate objecing the advance of Christianity tives for its passengers, in the and of the people as a whole. Our north at Cairo, and on the west at Lobito Bay. The journey from the first letters, written from the lake, Cape to Chitambo, near which were thirteen months old when de- Livingstone died, would have livered in Great Britain and our taken, in 1875 from six to nine friends had heard nothing of us months to accomplish with good all the time; now, in normal con-

A NA'l'IVIiJ AFRICAN VILLAGE IN LIVINGSTONIA reason to fear it might never be ease, is giving place to the knowldone because of the opposition of edge of cause and effect, the the warlike Matabeli; now Mr. sources of the common tropical Moffat, our missionary there, can diseases, their prevention and cover the distance by motor car cure. and rail to the Cape in five days. The spiritual darkness of former Great as these physical changes days, their fear of retribution from are, the social, moral and spiritual offended malign spirits, and the changes which God has wrought blank of the future have been ilamong the people are greater still. lumined by the preaching of the Where formerly a native woman Gospel, the knowledge of Jesus would not have gone alone from Christ as the Saviour of the beone village to another, and a man liever, the love of God and the hope would not have gone without his of heaven. shield, spears and club, now men, women and children go through- The work of the Livingstonia out the country with the almost con- Mission has been carried on along fidence. The tribes formerly at four main lines, the directly evanwar with each other are now living gelistic, the medical, the educationin amity, and many of those who al and the industrial, all having the formerly sought each others lives common end of leading men to can now be seen sitting together as Christ and to confession of their humble disciples at the Com- faith in him by baptism, membermunion Table of their Lord and ship in his church, and the serv- Saviour. The terror of witchcraft, ice of God and man. The one as the source of accident and dis- station of 1875 had become nine central stations in 1927, and con-

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

nected with these there are thirty- membership exceeds 50,000, and at one congregations with thirteen its next meeting the Presbytery of ordained native pastors, 952 office- the mission of the Dutch Reformed bearers, and 19,371 communicants, Church of the Orange Free State with over 10,000 catechumens intends to join the Synod. looking forward to baptism after their two years' preparation and The medical work of the mission probation had been satisfactorily has, in the past, opened the door completed. This native church is for the entrance of the Gospel entirely self-supporting, the people among opposing tribes, and has paying their own pastors and been especially useful for this purevangelists, as well as building pose among Mohammedans. Its their village schools. From the be- work is also a constant exhibition ginning they have taken an active of what the spirit of the Gospel of share in the duty they recognize of Christ means by its care of the propagating the Gospel among the sick and suffering and the dying, people who have not yet heard or who, in former days would have accepted it. Three years ago the often been cast out to perish, or Presbyteries of Livingstonia and to be devoured by wild beasts. Blantyre united to form the Synod of the church of Central Africa In the industrial departments (Presbyterian), and this has been of the mission there are about 120 joined by the Presbytery of Mk- apprentices, each serving a term of homa, of the Dutch Reformed five years. Many of these are the church mission of the Cape. Its children of Christian parents who are thus being trained to useful occupations for the advancement NEW TYPE OF WARRJOIlS-LIVINGS~'ONIA MISSION PUPILS IN TRAINING

of their fellow men and the good among those going to work in disof the country. During the whole tant places, where no missionary of their term, they are not only was at work, with the Scriptures receiving technical training but are in their pockets and the love of under Christian instruction and Christ in their hearts, have proved influence, and the majority of themselves to be unpaid foreign them, before its close, are either in missionaries of the native church. the catechumens' classes or have In one case, at least, this work was so effective that later, when a been baptized and become mem- mission from America arrived bers of the church. A good many there, a small congregation and at the close of their apprentice- ship go to South Africa, or the evening schools wen~ ready to 'wel- Congo State, led to these places by come their help and guidance. the desire to see something of the outer world and by wages four or The educational side of the work five times greater than they could by its influence on the young, has get at home. Some remain per- proved most effective for the manently in those places to which furtherance of the Kingdom of they have migrated, but most remit God. The one school of 1875 has home part of their pay, and after now become 721 schools with 1,- a year or two return to become the 306 native teachers, and 18,464 native builders and carpenters in pupils with the Central Institution their own villages, and so help in at Livingstonia for the training of improving the homes of their teachers, the more advanced work people. The earnest Christians of training the native pastors, and for the medical training of Hos-

FIFTY-THREE YEARS IN LIVINGSTONIA

Plt.uta : W. ..4.. Ehnslie OLD WO)IEN AT ~(')1()()L IX LIYlXGHTONIA Ll~AR::-;IXG TO READ pital assistants and orderlies, who stitution and the necessity for get their practical work in the building a college, equipped with wards and out patient department the necessary staff to meet this deof the David Gordon Memorial mand, is evident. By its means the Hospital at that station. training of the native leaders of the country under Christian in- The value of the educational fluences and instruction would be work, as an evangelistic agency, assured, and the highly beneficial can be seen when it is remembered effect on the future of Central that every pupil receives a daily Africa would be incalculable. The Scripture lesson and the influence opportunity for securing this is of this permeates and regulates pressing now, and can only be the work and aim of the school in neglected at our peril. . the formation of the character of the pupils. The new attitude of the The influence of this educational native to education is seen in the work can be further understood by contrast between the early days, the number of pupils who pass when the pupil expected to be paid through these schools, reading the for coming to school and the Scriptures in their own vernacuparents expected to be paid for lars. Besides school books, and a allowing them to come, and the very limited amount of other payment last year by parents and literature, the statisties of the pupils of £1,090 ($5,000) in school Bible societies show how the Word fees. There is an ever increasing of God, like leaven, is permeating demand for admission to the In- the people. The Zulu Bible, pub-

lished by the British and Foreign work of the translators, nor the Bible Society, is read and under- provision made for saturating stood by many of the Ngoni. Into the minds of the pupils with the the Nyanja language the whole Word of God, which is able to Bible has been translated, and the make them wise unto salvation. National Bible Society of Scotland have printed 31,000 Bibles, 73,670 Though the details given refer New Testaments, and a total of chiefly to the Livingstonia Mission, 222,757 complete Scriptures and with which I am best acquainted, portions of Scriptures in that it has to be remembered, that it is togue. We are now faced with a only one of the now many missions demand for another edition of 10,- laboring for the extension of the 000 Bibles. Besides these most of Master's kingdom and the rethe New Testament has been generation of Africa. To a greater printed in Chinamwanga, and most or less extent, the methods adopted of the Bible in the Bemba tongues, by the various missions have much while the whole New Testament in common, and all can tell of the has been printed in Yao, Tonga blessing that God has granted on and Konde., It has been printed the faithful preaching of the cross three times in Tumbuka, two of of Christ, of the changed lives of these editions being at the Living- men whose hands in former days stonia printing press, where also were often imbrued in blood, and Mr. Crawford's first edition of the of the change in whole tribes from New Testament into Luba for the being turbulent disturbers of the cannibals of the Congo was peace of the country, to being inprinted. Later, his translation of dustrious, peaceable citizens, seekthe whole Bible into the same tongue has been printed at home. ing the good of their fellow men. This list by no means exhausts the It is the Lord's doing and is marvellous in our eyes. To Him alone be the glory and the praise.

PROSELYTING OR SAVING W E HEAR people who have not investigated missionary work say with a sneer, "How many proselytes are you getting?" It isn't burglary to break into a house when the owner is inside asleep-if the house is on fire. It would be equivalent to murder not to. People who think missionaries are proselyting are badly informed. When eighty-five per cent of the children born have no legal parentage, it is not proselyting to establish Christian homes. Where people shoot and stab each other on little provocation, it is not proselyting to teach patience, love, pardon and good citizenship. Where intemperance and its baneful fruits reign, it is not proselyting to teach a normal life. Where towns of thousands of people exist with no religious instructor at all, it isn't proselyting to proclaim the Gospel of the Son of God. Where a group of patriots are struggling to the best of their ability to lift their native l.and out of the moral and intellectual mire into which she has staggered under her load of ecclesiasticism, it isn't proselyting to run to their relief. If it is, it is a plain case of proselyting from the devil, and that is what missionaries are for, and so plead guilty. -The Messenger, Guatemala.

R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN

BY FRANK B. LENZ, New York I T HAS been said that every man completely does he lose himself in has his adjective-but not so the causes of Christ that he takes John R. Mott. It would be no thought of time, space or handi- difficult to circumscribe him by caps. Problems exist to be solved.

grammar, rhetoric or epithets. Crisis exist to be transcended.

Physically and morally he is large He has frequently said that and straight and square. He is when a man lacks world-conquer- distinctly American with the evi- ing power it is because he has been dence in his face of concentration, conquered by the world and not by poise, peace, strength and earnest- Christ. In one of his addresses he ness. When in action there is no says: room to doubt the determination Come to Christ for the particular and will power of the man. Great thing you need. Is it cleansing? He physical strength and energy are will make you clean. Are you depressed revealed in his movements. He and discouraged? He will plant new commands others because he has hope in your breast. Are you weak? conquered himself and because he He will give you energy. Let Him flood himself has learned to obey a your life, flood it, flood it, that you may higher Power. say, "It is not I that liveth, but Christ that liveth in me." Let us rise in new- Everyone realizes that he cannot ness of life. be labeled or confined within sec- One of the remarkable character- istics of Mott is his ability to tarian limits. It is enough to say change men's attitudes from op- that he is a Christian and is loyal position and hostility to one of con- to Christ and His Church univer- fidence and hearty support. This sal and so might be termed an can best be explained by spiritual "Ecumenical Christian." He deals influence rather than on human habitually with intellectual, moral grounds. Men's hearts are stirred and spiritual esentials, and in that by his appeals and their wills re- sense he might be called an "essen- spond so that they are ready to foltialist," rather than a "modernist" low his leadership.

or "fundamentalist." "Mott is earnest and able, but he John R. Mott cannot be ex- will never make a speaker," said plained by analyzing his great ad- Richard C. Morse, General Secre- ministrative, intellectual and or- tary of the International Commit- ganizing abilities. There is a spir- tee of the Association about the itual dynamic about him that time the young Cornell graduate brings things to pass. His great- joined his staff. Today, forty est purpose in life is to discover years later, while he makes no pre- and do the will of God. tense to eloquence and rhetoric, he Mott is a prodigious worker. is unique for his ability to electdfy Whether at home or in the office, an audience. While he never seeks on the sea or in the subway, he is merely to entertain his hearers, busy toward purposeful ends. Yet the deep, vibrant qualities of his he works without manifesting voi~e, his poise and dignity, his hurry or worry or impatience. So chOIce of words and staccato sen- 957

tences and his commanding grasp level of a small, begging appeal to of the subject, compel attention. a dignified plane that commands He shows this p.ower even when the respect and confidence of the speaking through an interpreter donor. Dedicated money is as imon his extended foreign tours. perative and as sacred as dedicated lives. If rightly used money is as Matt is recognized as a master- truly a means of bringing in the ful presiding officer. At the Kingdom of God as preaching the World's Convention of the Young Word of God. It is characteristic Men's Christian Association, which of Matt, that before asking for a met at Helsingfors, Finland, in gift he takes great pains in pre- 1926, he handled that audience of paring the case thoroughly and fifteen hundred delegates from spends much time in prayer before fifty-two nations, day after day, presenting it. Money raising for with such superb skill and fairness Christian enterprises may be rethat the meetings ended without a garded as an important and highly ripple and on schedule time. Thor- spiritual religious activity. Many ough preparation, great attention of John R. Matt's best friends are to details and the selection of wise those who have given him the largand capable. associates are keys to est sums over a period of years. the success of the conferences and Scores of donors have testified to assemblies over which he presides. the sacramental effect that their gifts have had on their own lives. While Matt is not noted for his The motive that animates the aphumor and does not have time to peal and the purpose for which the spend in telling jokes, those who money is used determine the charknow him intimately know well hls acter of the effort. Mott believes keen relish for good stories, and in sacrificial giving not, "until it his own ability to tell them. hurts," but "until it feels good."

Mott and Money Mott in Print One of the significant contribu- A large collection of books, docutions that Matt has made to Chris- ments, magazine articles, and tian progress is through his abil- pamphlets, have come from the ity to convince men and women of mind and heart and pen of John R. social standing and large wealth, Matt in the past forty years. that it is worth while for them to Many of these are of a high order invest large sums in great causes and of enduring value. The burnthat will continue to bear fruit ing, vital messages have deeply long after he and they are gone. impressed and moved large num- The offerings which he recom- bers in many lands. "Confronting mends are not wild cat stocks, but Young Men with the Living "gilt edge" investments that build Christ" or that striking pamphlet, character, that bind together the "The Price of Leadership" (writraces, nations and classes and that ten over twenty years ago), will promote the Kingdom of God convince any reader that they were among men. He challenges people the product of no ordinary indito give not paltry sums but large vidual. and sacrificial offerings. Noone knows the number of millions he In all of his books there are pashas raised for Christian work. He sages which reveal wide vision and has helped to lift giving from the

JOHN R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

DR. JOHN R. MOTT AND DR. DAVID Z. T. YUI AT JERUSALEM, MARCH, 1928

strength and character. Many of the best, and to help make righthis volumes have been translated eousness prevail. As head of into other languages and are dis- the United War Work campaign, tributed widely, especially in the he devoted an energy and determigreat university centers. >!< nation that was almost alarming to some of his associates. War Work The Christian religion was en- As noble men of God in the mon- listed and was one of the few asteries of Europe kept the flame forces to return to usefulness. It of the Christian religion alive dur- was not submerged or destroyed, ing the Dark Ages, so other noble and the Y. M. C. A., with the help followers of Christ endured the of a group of noble American laytrials of the arena of conflict and men, was one of the chief agencies made Christ real in the midst of that kept religion functioning. the appalling lusts and hatreds of This and other organizations acted the World War. It was heartrend- as the good Samaritan among forty ing to see the best manhood of the nations at a time when passion was nations, march into the fiery fur- enthroned, and in the midst of nace. Character was needed that those years of pain, suffering and would not burn or die, but this sorrow. As an expression of apseemed almost impossible. Mott preciation of the service rendered carried a cross day and night dur- on behalf of the American soldiers ing those terrible years, but under and sailors, as well as the men of his leadership were mobilized and the allied armies and prisoners intensified the moral and physical of war, the United States Governforces of· the enlisted men. From ment gave Dr. Mott a Distinthe war zone he returned to Amer- guished Service medal, the French ica and asked for $170,000,000 for Government made him Knight of the United War Work Campaign. the Legion of Honor, and the Ital- The response was $205,000,000, ian Government conferred upon given because men and women him the Order of the Italian knew the awful consequences if Crown. their loved ones at the front and in camp were not surrounded by some Influence on Youth decencies and restraints of civilization. To keep men and boys from For forty years Mott has helped going to physical and moral dis- to keep the attention of the world truction during the reactions fol- riveted on youth. As international lowing the terrors of battle, mil- student secretary for the Christian lions of dollars were contributed Association he repeatedly circled for work in debarkation camps, the globe to push an aggressive naval stations, rest billets and campaign of evangelism among prison camps. Mott led this gigan- students in the great university tic movement to hold men up to centers of Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America. He was one ,.. Amon.g his books ar~". "Strate-gie Points of the early student volunteers for of the 'Vorld's CODQ.uest," HThe Evangelization Foreign Missions and for years he of the World in thIS Generation," "Christian~ actively shared in the development of Reality," "The Pastor and Modern Missions," of that movement. Later he con- "The Future Leadership of the Church," "The ceived the idea of the World Stu- Deeisive Hour of Christian Missions," "The dent Christian Federation, and be- Present World Situation," "The World's Chris- came one of its founders at Vadtian Federation" and "ConfrollUng Young l'Jen with the Living Christ."

JOHN R. MaTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

stena Castle, Sweden, 1895. Stu- white people and the Negroes dents all over the world were thus throughout the United States. united under the banner of Christ and the influence of the Federation Curiously enough as Mott grew has become so far-reaching that at older he came to see more clearly present its work embraces more the strategic importance of Christhan forty countries, over 3,000 tian work with boys and he turned colleges and universities and a his a t ten t ion vigorously to membership of 300,000. In recog- strengthening the Association's nition of his work for students, program among those of the teen Yale University conferred upon age. With characteristic emphasis he said: "Let us go into towns and DJiJLEGATJiJS A'L' ,['lIB HELSINGFORFI YOU'l'U CONFERENCE IN ~· INLAND. 1926 him the degree of Master of Arts villages; into our cities and rural thirty years ago. districts, with a living apprecia- tion of the transcendentimpor- Repeatedly Mott has said: "I tance of getting hold of the boys. Let us all have a hand in this highly have learned to trust youth." multiplying work-that of relating Since the globe has become his par- boys in their plastic years, their ish he has learned to trust them vision-forming years, their idealwhatever their color, race or na- determining years, their habittionality. One of the most states- forming years-to the ever living manlike things he ever did was to Christ." establish a committee to promote friendly relations among foreign The Kingdom of God First students studying in America. He also had a large part in launching Gifted with qualities that would the notable work of the Interracial have made him a great statesman, Commission which promotes bet- educator, jurist, editor or business ter racial understanding between 2

man, John R. Mott has turned a illustrated by an incident that oc- deaf ear to the many appeals that curred a few years ago on a visit would remove him from the field to Manila that lasted only thirty of distinctive Christian work. hours but was historic. He ad- When he was a student at Cornell, dressed a convocation at the Uni- more than forty years ago, he made versity of the Philippines one a decision that completely changed afternoon, when the grandstand on the course of his life. One eve- the athletic field was filled with ning, coming in late at a crowded students and members of the fac- student meeting where the famous ulty, and hundreds more were Cambridge University cricketer, standing on either side of the plat- J. E. K. Studd, was speaking, he form. IDs subject was "Christ, as heard the following words: "Seek- our hope in overcoming tempta- est thou great things for thyself; tions." It was an unusual address seek them not." He heard little for a convocation of the University more, but this text led to a great but the students were very respon- soul struggle which resulted in his sive. He impressed all who heard decision to turn his back on the him as being on the Lord's business laW, the profession for which he and not his own.

WJl.S preparing. From that day he In International Affairs has done everything within his power to strengthen the Church Theodore Roosevelt described of Christ and build the Kingdom Mott as a man who had rendered of God on earth. To prove his most consistent, useful and disin- loyalty to the new purpose to which terested service in the United he dedicated his life, Mott has re- States and in many other coun- fused business offers that would tries. Chief Justice Taft has said: have given him a large income; he "There is no one of the present day has also declined college presiden- who has a greater world vision of cies and could not be persuaded to promoting the better side of all accept the high office of American men and more experience in fitting Minister to the Republic of China him to do so than Dr. Mott. Lead- which President Wilson urged him ers in centers of influence the to consider. world over are familiar with his "A man cannot be a Christian capacity and genius. This has alone," he has repeatedly main- made him a great agent in the tained as he has urged men and progress of civilization."

boys to avail themselves of the When the degree of Doctor of privileges of the church and Laws was conferred upon him at to take up the responsibilities. Princeton University in 1911, he Through him thousands of men was characterized as "a devisor of have thus been led to dedicate their national and international agen- lives to the Christian ministry at cies" and as "a traveler over four home or abroad. The Association continents in search of room for has been recognized as "an arm work." Twice he was sent on po- of the church" or "the Church's litical missions by President Wil- auxiliary" not as an independent son who regarded him "as one of organization. the most useful men in the world."

Dr. Mott's devotion to the cause In 1916 he was a member of the of Christ, above all other causes, is American and Mexican Joint Com-

JOHN R. MOTT-CHRISTIAN STATESMAN

mission to settle the difficulties be- ceived its chief stimulus in the be- tween the two countries and in ginning from him. Its aim was to 1917 he was a member of the Spe- establish self-supporting and self- cial Diplomatic Mission to Russia, propogating associations in the headed by Elihu Root. strategic cities of foreign lands un- He has been decorated many· der native leadership. A network times, for the distinctive services of modern buildings which serve as he has rendered. In addition to demonstration centers all over the those already mentioned, he has re- world testify to the success of the ceived the Imperial Order of Meiji enterprise.

of Japan, the Order of Polonia Matt's activity in the missionary Restituta of Poland, the Order of enterprise and his influence in or- the Saviour of Greece, the Order ganizing Christian forces in all of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem lands lea to his being regarded as and the Second Order of the Crown one of the most constructive re- of Siam. He is probably ac- ligious geniuses since John Wesley.

quainted personally with more His ability to unify and coordinate crowned heads and leaders of disorganized and unrelated forces State than any other living Amer- has resulted in effecting large econ- iean. It has been said that before amy, in the reduction of overlap- the war, he knew every prime min- ping, and in the minimizing of na- ister in Europe. tional and denominational friction.

Where in the history of Chris- The World Missionary Confer- tian work, has any other man held ence held in Edinburgh in 1910 five positions of major importance was planned to develop a program simultaneously? Dr. Mott has, at of closer cooperation and unity the same time, held the unique dis- among all evangelical churches.

tinction of being president of the Mott at forty-five was chairman of World's Alliance of the Young the conference which brought to- Men's Christian Associations, gether 1,200 delegates from all Chairman of the World's Student over the world. His work was so Christian Federation, Chairman of noteworthy that the University of the International Missionary Coun- Edinburgh conferred upon him the cil, General Secretary of the Na- degree of LL.D. even before the tional Council of the Young Men's convention was called to order.

Christian Associations of the This conference ended the policy United States, and Chairman of of separate action on the part of the Institute of Social and Re- mission societies in their approach ligious Research. For some years to the world task. Out of the con- he was also Chairman of the Ex- ference there sprang a Continua- ecutive Committee of the Student tion Committee, which "advanced Volunteer Movement and very ac- . by great strides the cause of in- tive in the Foreign Missions Con- ternational cooperation." As chair- ference of North America. Any man of this committee, Dr. Mott one of these positions would tax drew together in area after area, the capacities of an ordinary man. national missionary councils, both Foreign Misssion Activity in "sending" and in "receiving" countries. Those in China, Japan, The foreign work of the Young India, North Africa and Eastern Men's Christian Association re- Asia and Latin America. by the

incorporation of the indigenous a youth movement. Having taken churches, became National Christian Councils. These in turn were this step he does not hover around united in a great new organization to become "Chairman of the -t h e International Missionary Board" but he has already started Council, which last April closed its on a tour of India in connection remarkable sessions at Jerusalem. with his impo~tant duties as Chair- man of the International Mission- A Great New Task ary Council-a task of such urgent character as to require the exercise Recently Mott has resigned as of all his powers. He firmly be- General Secretary of the Associa- lieves that the Christian world sittion movement in the United uation demands that leaders every- State~, but it is not that he may where "re-think, re-state, re-interseek rest and settle down in the pret and apply the Christian messtuffy atmosphere of the study to sage, and, where necessary revise reminisce about the past. He has plans and methods." To this task resigned to make way for youth in he will now devote all his powers.

THE SECRET OF SUCCESS By JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., New York W HAT is the secret of obtaining the men and the women needed and the money required for missions? In every land and among all peoples, wherever Christ is exalted as the living Christ, people see that He should have right of way in themselves and full control of all that they have or ever may possess. It is inconceivable that the living Christ, who rose from the dead, should stand out in any company, or before any individual who acknowledges Christ, and not accomplish marvelous things-things that transcend all other experiences and that are sufficient to meet every need.

Why is it that in some colleges and seminaries, in certain homes and conventions, strong lives have been surrendered in such numbers, whereas, in other colleges and in other homes and conventions there have not been such offerings? The more deeply I have studied these cases, the more fully I have been convinced that the secret has been that in the former places Christ was lifted up, and in other cases He was not. In one case the conditions were complied with, and as a result He manifested Himself. Old things passed away, all things became new; the right motives asserted themselves and dominated. The men and the money needed were forthcoming.

The only method that will bring forward workers who will stand the test in the day of trial and temptation, the workers who recognize that they receive their call not from man, and not from a dead Christ, but from a living Christ, and the only way in which we can obtain the money needed, and that will not bring greater dangers than now surround us, is the lifting up of Christ. We must hold Him up in our own lives primarily, in our homes and churches, conventions and conferences, in our board meetings and committees. We will say less perchance about the motives and about the methods, and more about Him, and we will leave Him free to work.

If we will let the living Christ stand out in the central place, then we will have times of refreshing from His presence.

"I WAS IN PRISON AND YE CAME UNTO ME"

BY VINCENT J. STEFFAN Pri80n ChapZa.in-at-LMg6 in America "SIT down, young man, and tell I believe in all sane prison re- your story," said the warden forms. The old system of brutal- of a western Penitentiary, ity was a crime against society, as he looked into the eyes of his as well as against the executioner.

caller, .the Rev. Vincent J. Steffan, The coddling or pampering of the one-time gangster and society's prisoners is equally wrong. It fell outcast, but now the Prison Chap- to my lot to be punished frequent- lain-at-Iarge of America. The ly, while an inmate of prisons, and story told by this visitor as to his the reaction against brutish treat- rise from the depths of depravity ment was always bad. Much is to an honored place of an ordained being said about the contributing Christian minister, brought out causes of crime: heredity, disease, the warden's sympathetic response, and environment, but in my judg- for he himself had risen from a ment men are in prison simply be- common guard to the highest posi- cause they will lie, steal, cheat, and tion of authority. During the kill-hating the right and loving course of conversation, he said: the wrong.

"Prisoners should be treated with If the policy of prison manage- absolute justice; punished speed- ment fails to rectify this wrong ily when rules are violated, and attitude toward truth and law, encouraged and rewarded for good toward man and God, then the in- behaviour." The two were agreed mate is sure to be turned out upon that the old system of prison man- society in a worse state than when agement with its corporal punish- he entered the prison. We cite a ment, shaved head, s t rip e d recent example. A released pris- uniform, and lock-step, is a relic oner was placed in my care to se- of the past. The new system em- cure his employment. To my braces unlimited privileges of cor- astonishment, upon questioning respondence, sports in season, the man, I found him very bitter entertainment and movies, free to- against churches and preachers.

bacco, and other privileges. Both He said, "A preacher sent me to systems, however, fail to produce the penitentiary, and held out true reformation. against my securing pardon."

The writer spent twelve years Here was a case of a perverted in prisons as a prisoner, and since sense of justice. This fellow, in his conversion has devoted his life company with two other gangsters, to the ministry of the Gospel had held up the minister at the among the prisoners of America, point of a gun, relieving him of "that they also may obtain the his valuables. Because the minsalvation which is in Christ Jesus, ister did his duty as a citizen, this with eternal glory," (2 Timothy criminal claimed that he thereby 2: 10) with its accompanying dishonored the God he represented. According to the criminal the min- cheer and inspiration to good citi- ister should have failed to appear zenship. in court against him.

965

Having this perverted view of Lord Jesus Christ, a notable law and its enforcement, is the change in the prisoners' conduct criminal hopeless? I believe he is takes place. When the prisoner not. The real remedy and vital decides the son question, while still need is the presentation of the Gos- serving time, not only is the sin pel of the Grace of God, with its question settled, but he becomes a supernatural power to save and to model prisoner, and unconsciously keep. Show me the man who has prepares himself for the time of received Christ in his heart, and his release. He is able to start on I will show you the man who is a higher plane, with the Spirit of subject to discipline. "Christ is God in him and guiding him.

the end of the law for righteous- "I was let out of prison, and ye ness to everyone that believeth." Christians befriended me," he (Romans 10: 4.) should be able to say, for the great need at the present moment is a The messenger of God to pris- better feeling toward the man who oners should be a man who knows has "served time." Nothing should the Gospel by regenerating experi- be done to make it difficult for him ence, with ability to present it in to win an honest place among men. a safe and sane way, and one who knows life in the "Big House," be- Surely the man just out of prison ing familiar with the prisoners' is entitled to a fresh start in life, ways. without unnecessary prejudice In one of the principal eastern toward him because of his past. state penitentiaries, the lax meth- Our Prison Association aims to ods of government, with failure to perform a duty which is incorpoenforce discipline, resulted in such rated in the Great Commission of deplorable conditions that one of our blessed Lord. Thus the friendthe officers said: "In those days less prisoner finds a friend who we were not so much afraid of the has faith in him. The Gospel is prisoners, as the guards themselves preached in penal and correctionduring the grave-yard shift. Not al institutions throughout the infrequently, when addressing the United States; Bibles, Testaments, prisoners, we were obliged to as- Gospels, and suitable literature are sume an apologetic attitude toward freely distributed among these oththem, lest we hurt their feelings !" erwise neglected men and women. A complete change was effected This ministry has been owned and when a military type of system blessed of God in a marked way. was introduced. In place of drug Many outstanding cases of conand booze traffic, with its horrible version, including that of notoriresults, along with confusion and ous criminals, might be described. disorder, there was established or- Interesting indeed are the workder and discipline. This was ings of the Holy Spirit in the transbrought about by the selection of formation of the lives of those a genuine leader who gathered hardened through sin. * about him an unusual class of men for his assistants. .. The Vincent J. Steffan Prison Association, This is a great need of our pris- 804 VitherspOoll Building, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, will be glad to lllail to anyone inons throughout the country, and terested a free copy of its quarterly leaflet, when· it is linked with instruction which giv('s in brief form a survey of its acin simple faith in God, through the tivIties and prison visitations, also the, story of n modern miracle of grace, as seen m the life of Prisoner Number 27975.

CHURCHES AND WORLD

BY MRS. JEANNETTE W. EMRICH, New York ~;eoretary oj Oommission on International Justice and Good Will.. Federal OounaU oj Ohurches "The business of the Church is to make my business impossible."

-GENERAL HAIG.

T HE building of friendship, 4. The members of the confer- understanding and good will ence should, if possible, be officially has a definite part in the new designated by their respective program of the church. Mission- churches and should report back aries will have a difficult time in a the findings and recommendations country that dislikes America and of the conference for church conthat feels that we misunderstand sideration and action.

it and are unjust in our attitude 5. The chairman of the confertoward it. The building of world ence, as a rule, should not be the peace is a responsibility of the chairman of the Findings Commit- Church today. Is your church tee. He should help the conference thinking seriously on this matter? to do its best thinking and be re- sourceful in securing equal par- One effective method is to hold ticipation by all in the discussion. LOCAL STUDY CONFERENCES in which the leaders in the churches 6. Local conditions must determay directly face the urgent ques- mine the period of the conference. tions of the day and may share in If possible, it should continue at framing the needed policies. least two days. Discussion topics should be carefully selected and Suggestions for Local Conferences should not be too vague or too numerous for thorough work. 1. The conference should range if possible between fifty and one 7. It will probably be better to hundred members. Should more frame two or even three findings desire to participate, it will prob- on the point in question, in order ably be better to hold two confer- that conscientious convictions may ences in different sections of the be adequately expressed. city. 8. The individual c h u r c h e s 2. Should the conference much should be invited to send delegates, exceed fifty, it would probably be the number from each church beadvantageous to divide into two ing stated. Care should be taken groups for the preliminary discus- that women and young people are sions and tentative formulation of adequately represented. findings. 9. The syllabus of the Washing- 3. The Findings Committee ton Study Conference on the should not exceed five; three in Churches and World Peace, which most cases will be able to do better was well fitted for its purpose, has work. They should be chosen with been reprinted, and might well be a view to their familiarity with the used by regional conferences. Here problems of world justice and are given" a large number of urgent peace, and to their ability to use topics, presented in qUestion form, accurate English, compact sen- calculated to stimulate thought and tences and clear style.

967

discussion. The syllabus can be sued by the Federal Council declarhad in quantity at ten cents a copy. ing our belief: [Address Continuation Committee, National 1. That war should be renounced and Study Conference on Churches and World never again be resorted to by civilized Peace, 105 East 22d Street, New York, N, Y.] nations as the means for settling dis- putes, enforcing national claims or seek- Church Cooperation ing national objectives.

In December the PARIS PEACE 2. That war should be made a crime PACT, which is now before the by specific provision of international law. world, comes before the Senate of the United States for ratification. 3. That the settlement of every threat- All responsible nations have been ening dispute, whatever its nature, invited to agree in .solemn treaty should never be sought except by pacific to renounce war as a means of set- means. tling disputes. 4. That even regarding disputes which It was signed in Paris on August the nations involved may not be ready 27, 1928, by representatives of the to submit to arbitration or judicial set- United States and fourteen other tlement, they should nevertheless pledge nations. Forty-nine additional na- themselves not to resort to war. tions have also been invited to sign this Peace Pact. 5. That solemn engagements pledging the good faith of the nations in these Its essential features are in the vital matters are essential to the developfollowing two articles: ment of the spirit of mutual confidence which must precede a general movement Art. I. The high contracting parties for thorough-going disarmament. solemnly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they condemn We therefore respectfully express to recourse to war for the solution of in- President Coolidge and the Senate our ternational controversies, and renounce earnest hope and desire that the mulit as an instrument of national policy in tilateral treaty for renouncing war as their relations with one another. an instrument of national policy, now before the nations, may be promptly Art. II. The high contracting parties ratified. agree that the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts, of whatever na- If the Senate has not already passed ture or of whatever origin they may be, on this question send in which may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means. a. Signatures from your group. b. Ask your friends to sign. Secretary Kellogg has said: "In c. Write a short personal letter to the name of the Government of the your two United States Senators in sup- United States, I bespeak the con- port of this Peace Pact. tinued support of every church in the present movement for the pro- [Printed copy of the Memorial may be semotion of world peace." eured by writing to 105 East 22d Street, New York, N. Y.l Has your church signed the Memorial issued by the Cause and A Four Weeks' Study Course of the Cure of War or the Memorial is- Multilateral Anti-War Pact of Paris. sued by the Federal Council of called "The Proposal to Renounce War," Churches endorsing this multi- is also available. lateral anti-war treaty? How well informed are the wom- Broadway Tabernacle sent in a en in your church in regard to this thousand signatures, practically all great forward step to abolish war? its church members signing. You will want to know something of the background of the move- The following is the endorse- ment. You will want to be clear ment given in the Memorial is- about the problems involved in the proposal. You will want to under- stand the real significance of the treaty when adopted.

[Reference books and pamphlets are sug~ gested In this stndy pamphlet. Price 15 cents, Address Commission on International Justice and Good Will, 105 East 22d Street New York, N. Y.l • Where can we secure a leader for such a course?

THE CHURCHES AND WORLD PEACE

1. Your pastor. The following is from the chapter, 2. Your delegate to the Cause "What you can do for Peace" : and Cure of War. "Radio.-A radio school on interna- 3. From the International Rela- tional relations is being conducted by Mills College. tions Department of your local Woman's Club. "A radio forum has been .one of the successful ventures of the Pennsylvania 4. The Y. W. C. A. Branch of the W. I. L. 5. League of Women Voters, etc. "The 'radio teas' are a special inven- Read and discuss the follow- tion of the Southern California Council ing International Ideals of the on International Relations in order that Churches of Christ in America: its members may make the best possible use of the half hour on Friday after- I. We Believe that nations no less noons that they furnish speakers for a than individuals are subject to God's im- local station. mutable moral laws. "Libraries.-In addition to the exten- II. We Believe that nations achieve sive classified bibliography covering all true welfare, greatness and honor only phases of the peace movement, we find through just dealing and unselfish serv- in this book an account of the 'Internaice. tional Mind Alcoves' furnished by the Carnegie Foundation; of certain travel- III. We Believe that nations that re- ing libraries; of the Handy Shelf of gard themselves as Christian have spe- latest books on international relations; cial international obligations. and of 'The Children's Tour Around the Globe.' IV. We Believe that the spirit of Christian brotherliness can remove every "Armistice Day.-A children's interunjust barrier of trade, color, creed and national party for the afternoon of race. Armistice Day is a brilliant Buggestion that has come from Pasadena. V. We Believe that Christian patriotism demands the practice of good "Ottawa, Canada, developed a shopwill between nations. window display to show the desolation and waste of war and the economic in- VI. We Believe that international terdependence that has followed the war. policies should secure equal justice for all races. "Good Will Day.-The use of May 18, appointed by the World Federation of VII. We Believe that all nations Educational Associations as World Good should associate themselves permanently Will Day, varies from 'The Internafor world peace and good will. tional Night' arranged by the Lions Club of Rock Springs, Wyoming, to the 'Fes- VIII. We Believe in international tival of Nations' in Southern California law, and in the universal use of inter- and the 'Dance of Nations' which the national courts of justice and boards of Cleveland Press promotes. arbitration. "Menwrial Day.-The extension of IX. We Believe in a sweeping reduc- Memorial Day observance to include the tion of armaments by all nations. 'heroes of social construction' has be- come the practice in Cincinnati and else- X. We Believe in a warless world, where; 'Miners, railroaders, builders, and dedicate ourselves to its achieve- electricians, mechanics, firemen, policement. men, explorers, physicians, nurses, moth- ers, and others upon whose risks and Do they relate themselves to the sufferings life depends, form an army study material in your Home and larger than any fighting force of which Foreign Missions Textbook? history has record.'

BETWEEN WAR AND PEACE "Schools.-The chapter on the promo- tion of international understanding What do you know about new through the schools and colleges is one methods? Under this question, the of the richest chapters in the book. We new technique that is being devel- will not minimize its importance by an oped in the peace movement is con- attempt to give here any impression of its contents.

sidered in a handbook for peace "The Church and Peace" and workers, which is now on sale by Macmillan Co. Mrs. Florence "Women and Peace" are two other Brewer Boeckel, the author, has very full chapters but they are spent a solid year on the book. hardly more important than the chapters discussing the relations

of commerce, labor, farmers, war e. Colonial expansion. Comveterans and young people respec- pare English and Spanish tively to the great issue of our American policy. time. f. Modern war s between Part three of the book com- Christian nations. prises what Mrs. Boeckel calls "Introductions to further study of in- 2. Are missions favored or hinfluences for and against world dered by peace? peace." These influences include a. In above list compare and the efforts that are being made to contrast the Christian organize the world for peace missionary with the Mothrough the League of Nations, hammedan m iss i 0 nthe World Court, the outlawry of ary. The Buddhist miswar, arbitration and international sionary. law; and national policies affect- b. Is there any difference being peace such as the development tween policy of Catholic of our military establishment, the and Protestant? Monroe Doctrine, nationalism, imperialism and immigration. The 3. Do missions really help make nature and cost of modern war are for peace? freshly described. The book ends a. Is a foreign missionary with the chapter on "What You entitled to military protec- Can Do For Peace," and the bibli- tion from horne? ography. b. Has Christian missionary activity prepared the way FIJ~~c~o~~e~~~1,b53~ei~~td s~~e:t~dN~,V~V;~h: for civil wars in China? For the Indian national ngton, D. C. Price $2.5Q. movement?

An excellent "Discussion Outline 4. When missions means the sendon War and Peace" can be found ing of really superior people, in the Epworth Herald of July called missionaries, to help 7th. It will be found helpful in those of inferior opportunities, guiding a discussion, in locating are missions justified? the problem and arriving at the solution. 5. What is the real purpose of missions? International Relationships and Missions 6. How do the religious affilia- tions of the people in a nation The following outline is offered influence our attitude? Italy, by the United Christian Mission- Turkey, England, etc. ary Society, Indianapolis, Indiana, under the theme "Social Adven- Peace Education in Your Church tures with Jesus." What one church has done to cultivate National relations and missions. International Good Will. Broadway 1. Discuss the national movements Tabernacle (Ne'v York). Council of In- that have hindered or helped ternational Good Will. missions. a. Per sec uti 0 n of early An increasing conviction has church by Roman and Jewish authorities. come to many of the followers of b. The loss of prestige of the Roman Empire, 4th to 7th Christ that they have a responsi- centuries. c. The Crusades. bility for the attitude of His d. Medireval wars in Europe. Church towards International Re- lations.

ORGANIZATION.-The Council of International Good Will was initi- ated by Dr. Jefferson and heid its first meeting on January 16, 1925.

Its membership was made up of two representatives from each of the five large organizations in the Church; the Sunday-school, the Young People's Society of Chris- tian Endeavor, the Women's Club, the Society for Women's Work and the Men's League. The

Church Committee and the BJard It has suggested subjects for of Trustees are also represented on meetings and activities suitable this Council. The assistant pastor for the different groups in the is likewise a member. A Chair- Church and furnished speakers man, Secretary and Treasurer, when desirable. All of the orand a Secretary of Literature ganizations have adopted the were then elected. "Creed on International Ideals" and have endorsed the activities A FOURFOLD OBJECTIVE.-It is suggested by the Council. the Council's purpose to: MEETINGS AND PROJECTS SPON- 1. Encourage the study and discussion SORED.-Typical meetings headed of international problems in the various by various clubs and societies organizations of the Church. were: Discussion of the World Court; Discussion of "Interna- 2. Establish a shelf of helpful books, tional Ideals"; Discussion of the for such sV.ldy, in the Church library. Fellowship of Youth for Peace; Discussion of a Trip Around the 3. Assist in initiating and developing WorId; Discussion of Racial Re- Armistice Day programs. lationship in the United States; Discussion of the Lausanne Treaty; 4. Influence the action of the Church Discussion of the Use in the Bible membership on World Peace. School of Songs, Poems and Stories with an International Point of EDUCATIONAL EFFECT. – The View, calculated to bring about Council was organized to meet understanding and appreciation of monthly, on a regular day. Wednes- the peoples of other lands. day was chosen because of the supper group already meeting at RESULTS.-It would be imposthat time. The value of these sible to enumerate all of the results regular meetings of the Council to of these three years of effort or to its members and through them to estimate how much of the result of the organizations has been shown information and education was due in many ways. to the Council or to the other agencies in the Church or to the The Council has familiarized teaching from the pulpit. Certhem with available literature tainly some prejudices have been from the Federal Council of obliterated, sympathies widened Churches and other Church and and horizons lifted-the effect of peace societies and also with the the organized effort of the Broadoutput of material from denomina- way Tabernacle Council of Intertional headquarters, and has in- national Good Will. formed them about national and international movements working Methods for Children toward World Peace. FRIENDSHIP PROJECTS. – Infor- It has encouraged reports of the mation can be secured from the members on the activities of the Committee on World Friendship organizations which they repre- among Children, 289 Fourth Avesent and arranged for groups to nue, New York, N. Y. take charge of such activities as circulating petitions and obtaining The story of the first project signatures to them; for example, with Japan is told in a well-illusthe petition on the United States trated volume now under preparajoining the World Court of International Justice, the petition on the limitation of the Naval Building Program, and the Memorial on the Briand Peace Proposal.

tion. It will be ready the early school children. Six boys' bags and part of 1929. six girls' bags. Classes to organ- ize by grades, each grade to take a The second project with the bag. One committee to provide the children of Mexico ends this money to purchase the bag, the month (December). One result other to provide the gifts. Typehas been the writing into the cur- written lists of gifts, copied from riculum of the primary schools in the March Everyland, were given Mexico a course on World Friendship among Children. A reciprocal each Chairman. All gifts to be friendship project is planned for brought in on May sixth and 1929. Mexico plans to send 49 packed ready to send by the combeautiful exhibits of the Arts and mittees at the last meeting. Industries of that country, one for each state in the United States and Educational Work: Each Chairone for Washington. They will be man in order to interest the group placed eventually, as were the must be able to explain the project Japanese dolls, in the children's and also to tell some interesting museums in each state. facts about Mexico. The Chair- men under eight years of age can The third' project has not yet ask an older boy or girl to help them. The boys and girls over been decided upon. Committees on eight must do the work them- World Friendship among Children are to be organized in other coun- selves. tries with the idea of a possible international cooperation on a proj- Program Materials ect. "Eighteenth of May." History of its A Friendship Committee of the Observance as Peace Day, by Lyra D. Church School was organized in Trueblood. Washington, A mer i can the Church of the Heavenly Rest, Peace Society, 1915. 12 pp. 5 cents. New York, N. Y. This report of it was given: "A Model Assembly of the League of Nations." New York, League of Na- Class Organization: Each class tions Non-Partisan Association, March, a Friendship Committee. Officers 1927. 9 pp. 5 cents. -Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer. Meetings – at close of "School Exercise for the Observance Church School session subject to of the Eighteenth of May." Arranged by call of the chair. Fannie Fern Andrews. (Boston, Amer- ican School Citizenship League.) 4 pp. School Organization: Commit- No charge. tee of the Whole. Adult Chairman, Members made up of the "Suggestions for Peace Programs in Class Chairmen. Subject to call of Schools, Colleges and Other Peace Meetthe chair, meetings to be held after ings." Sixth Edition, 1927. Philadel- phia, Committee on Peace and Service, the Church School session. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends, Report of Work: Twelve bags to 1927. 6 pp. 2 cents.

be sent to our friends the Mexican "The World Today." 1928. 12 Maps especially prepared by James G. Mc- Donald of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion, 18 East 41st Street, New York, N. Y. Price 10 cents. These are neces- sary and valuable in the study of any country. An excellent one of Africa will prove helpful this year.

OPEK AIR CO~IlfUNION · SERVICE IN OKE OF THE BANZA

OUTSTATIONS IN THE BELGIAN CONGO AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA BY REV. JOHN E. GEIL, VENTNOR, N. J.

T HE new and changing Africa bring men and women everywhere is confronted with social, to Jesus Christ is the supreme economic, political and re- business of the Christian Church.

ligious problems. The Christian Men and women are needed who Church is, or should be, especially can and will teach and preach and concerned about the last of these live the Gospel. These teachers and which calls for Christian evangel- preachers of the Word with all its ism and education. A godless saving power and fulness must not civilization and a Christless re- be simply a few "foreign" missionligion will never save Africa from aries who are scattered here and decay and destruction. A form of there, but natives themselves who religion without knowledge and have received and appropriated the without power and a smattering of gospel message and are fully prelearning without stability of Chris- pared by nature, training and a tian character will not help, much divine call to propagate it. It less save, Africa. It is one thing to therefore becomes a matter of conrelease a people from their re- siderable importance to know to ligious moorings and superstitious what extent we have such leaders and heathenish rites and customs and to what extent we may have and another thing to keep them them.

from drifting on the rocks with- Not many of the sons and out chart, compass, pilot or haven. daughters of Africa have become The hope of Africa and of the great religious leaders or attained world today is in Jesus Christ and to prominence of any sort in the His saving power and grace. To eyes of the world. However, in any 973

just consideration and estimation whether regarded as a part of of Christian native workers in evangelistic work or apart from it, Africa we must keep in mind the is absolutely necessary to conserve fact that we are for the most part the results of evangelistic effort.

dealing with,immature Christians Evangelistic work itself is limited of the 'second cor third generation in kind and extent to the supply who were poorly prepared for the of well-trained native leaders and reception of the Gospel with all its workers. Becaqse there has been exacting and revolutionizing de- a lack of proper balance and pro, mands. They deserve to be judged portion in mission work in Africa, and estimated by the same stand- the Christian Church is facing ards which are applied to other glorious opportunities with de- races at the same stage of develop- ficient and defective leadership.

ment. We can hardly expect them The universal cry is for more to possess in large measure all the leaders and workers while the rank virtues and graces but it is a satis- and file of the native church are faction to find them in possession groveling in the dark in the midst of many of them and to know that of delusions, snares and pitfalls they have t,he capacity for becom- and the masses remain unsaved.

ing good Christian workers and Materialism, atheism, Mohammed- leaders. The eternal Spirit of God anism, Catholicism, and nation- is brooding over and working in alism are saluting and beckoning.

the hearts and lives of Africans, False prophets and such as would bringing them from savagery and do them hurt and harm are spring- barbarism to lives of usefulness ing up in the name of the Lord and and service for their Master and are deceiving the very elect.

for their fellowmen. This trans- . In attempting to point out what formation from darkness to light seems to be a weakness and danger which is taking place at an un- we are not unmindful of the splen- c precedented rate is attended with did work which has been done. In opportunities, problems and dan- the Belgian Congo where the work gers which demand the closest at- was begun fifty years ago among tention and best effort of the an animistic and primitive people, Christian Church. who seemed to be and were de- It has become evident to Chris- clared by some to be hopeless, there tian statesmen and educators who are now evangelists and teachers have studied Africa that enough i)f ability and power who are fill- attention has not been given to ing large places and carrying big native leadership without which responsibilities. Much of the Africa cannot progress or survive. church work is directed, controlled Without saying that evangelism and supported by the natives them- has been or can be overemphasized selves. They have also a large it is safe to say that in some in- share in carrying on school and stances, perhaps in many, too much medical work. One native of or- effort has been put forth in getting dinary intelligence and limited people into the church and not training began and established a enough in taking care of them new work in a new section which after they are there. Educational was far removed from his own and institutional work of the right country and people and for a num- kind and in the right proportion, ber of years carried it on alone

AFRICAN LEADERSHIP FOR AFRICA

in the face of opposition and per- Spirit of God and their own resecution. Natives have with cred- sources. We dare not be content it to themselves looked after the to have simply helpers, assistants work of stations while mission- and agents, but we must press on aries have been on furlough. The towards the goal of the high callpity of it is that there are not more ing which is to be found in a body of these raithful and efficient of men and women who are workers. May it riot be that we numerous enough and resourceful have at times been" t()O much con- enough to meet the needs of the cerned with the appilluse "which Church in every way. The greatest comes from reporting converts, need of the Christian Church apart that we have found it easier and from the abiding presence of the A GROUP OF NA'l'IVE WORKERS IN ATTENDANCE AT ONE OF 'i'HE REGULAR IfONTIILY ~mETINGS OF THE BANZA lIIANTEKA CHURCH IN THE BELGIAN CONGO pleasanter to push out into the be- Spirit of God is for native leaders yond rather than to confine and who are well trained and thoroughapply ourselves to the exacting ly Christian and will raise up tci task of training leaders. that we themselves an intelligent, well-tohave preferred to be masters do. strong body of men and women rather than advisors and counsel- who as laymen will constitute the lors, that we have over-emphasized backbone of the church and share the inexperience of the natives and in the bearing of its burdens, and failed to recognize and utilize their in the providing of a Christian enworth and capabilities? The na- vironment which will uplift and tives are seeking light and help ennoble character. but are not demanding places of trust and leadership. In fact they It is generally recognized and must be forced to rely upon the admitted that the native of Africa is not inherently deficient in the

essential qualities of Christian of teachers and members of the leadership. The few leaders whom church who assisted him in the we now have point to the many singing of Gospel hymns and in the whom we might have. It has been offering of prayer which preceded said that the discovery of one his work of healing which was done diamond indicates diamondiferous in the name of Jesus of Nazareth soil. The native of Africa who has and was attended by violent shak- become a new man in Christ Jesus ings on his part and on the part of has a passion for souls and for all who followed in his train.

service based upon the urgency of Much of the teaching of Kibangu the Gospel, he has organizing and of those who pretended to ability and a capacity for adminis- share with him in his divine com- trative work, he has a retentive mission was good. Fetishism, memory and the power to acquire witchcraft, polygamy, drunken- knowledge quickly and correctly, ness, dancing etc., were forbidden he has a capacity for friendship and in many instances were given and skill in dealing with men and up. Prayer and praise and worship situations, he has unlimited pa- were encouraged and enjoined.

tience, indomitable courage, tenac- Those who were to share in the ity of purpose, a sense of humor, great deliverance which was com- fluency of speech and an intense ing must get right with God religious sense which shows itself through the forsaking of their evil in deeds and not creeds. If the soil ways and unite with the church is properly tilled and the right seed and continue steadfastly in the is wisely sown, there is no part of prophet's teaching and in prayer.

the world where we can count with When the movement was sup- greater certainty on a mighty re- pressed by the government and the turn than amongst the pagan and prophets and their main supporters animistic tribes of the so-called were carried into exile their last dark continent. words of admonition to their fol- It might be well in this connec- lowers were that they should not tion to review briefly the life and weep or lament for them but watch work of Simon Kibangu who and pray and wait without waver- originated the "prophet move- ing and without doubting.

ment" and showed in a wonderful Apart from a few sections in way. the capacity of the native for which the prophet movement de- leadership. veloped an anti-white feeling, it Simon Kibangu was an obscure has been highly beneficial to evan- member of the church who was not gelism and the work of the church.

suspected by anybody of having The revival on the Congo is due qualities of leadership. He claimed largely if not entirely to the proph- to have a revelation from God with et movement. While the prophets instructions to preach and heal. have necessarily disappeared and He began this work in a near-by with them the outward manifesta- . village but was soon obliged to con- tions of the movement except such fine it to his own village where he as cannot be distinguished from the was visited by multitudes who work of the church, yet the parting flocked to him from far and near in words of the prophets linger in the quest of healing and help. He en- minds and hearts of the people who listed the confidence and services are awaiting the promised deliver-

ance from all oppression and in ac- Kibangu as being a true prophet .cord with the instructions of the and as such had a following second prophets are seeking to prepare only to that of Kibangu. With a the way of the Lord through big following he marched one Sunchurch membership. Whether con- day morning into a village in which sciously or unconsciously the the writer was holding special church has profited from the work meetings. As evidence of his high and teachings of the prophets and calling and commission he began the awakened interest and en- to shake violently evidently expectthusiasm which has resulted there- ing to arrest the attention of all from in the work of the church and the people and put himself in kingdom. To be sure reaction will follow sooner or later and the last- JOSHUA WA~IBA ing benefits will be determined not by the number of children of de- , toordanr!~I~e~hSOla~8e g'~~n:n:t~~e80~~B8e~:~~ luded hopes who have been admitted into the church without a Iy to proclaiming the freedom wherewith change of heart and life but by the Christ makes free . extent to which we have been enabled to bring them into the full charge of the meetings leaving the light of the Gospel and guide and missionary and his party to stand establish them in the truth as it is idly by in wonder and amazement. in Christ Jesus. In remonstrating with him I was told that we missionaries ought to Whatever else Kibangu may rejoice and be glad to see him and have been he was a great and suc- others doing so effectively the work cessful leader who secured and of the Lord which evidently we had maintained on his own account un- wanted to do and had been unable til his downfall and banishment to do, at least in such a large way. (which were doubtless brought He said we had given them the about 'by his growing fame and word of God and now they were popularity and indiscretions and using it effectively as we had excesses which resulted therefrom) such a following as no man, white or black, ever had in the Congo. Yet he was a man of ordinary standing in the church and town and unsuspected of having qualities of leadership. Who can say what the church has lost in failing to find, train and employ a man of such gifts and powers? There are many natives in Africa with latent qualities of leadership which through Christian education should be mobilized and capitalized in the work of the church and king- dom. Kibangu had a brother by the name of Ntwalani who also became a prophet and was recognized by 3

taught them. An old medal chief bind him and lift him up to higher and his advisors whom I was try- planes of purity and service where ing to persuade to keep out of the he may exercise to the full all his movement and away from it used God-given powers. Indigenous the same argument. He insisted Christianity such as Africa needs that the prophets were actually do- and must have must be propagated ing what the missionaries had been by the natives themselves. If mis- wanting to do and had been trying sionaries fail in the finding and in vain for years to do. Certainly developing of men and women who it was of the' Lord and worthy of can be entrusted with the highest our support. Why should not the positions and carryon the work Lord grant deliverance to them of the church in its entirety they through their own leaders and en- fail utterly and completely. The trust His work to them even as he success of a missionary today in did to the Israelites? Africa is not to be determined by The great need of Africa today the number of years of service is for leadership which is com;- which he has had, or the hardships petent and Christian and the great which he has endured, or the num- work of the missionary is to assist ber whom he has added to the in the spe'edy production of thi,s church roll or by his popularity leadership. If the country is to be as a speaker or writer but by the saved for Christ and His church, number of competent native lead- missionary work must at least keep ers whom he has discovered and pace with scientific, commercial trained and put to work for the and industrial progress. Atheism Master. It is a sad fact which is does not thrive in Africa except becoming more generally known amongst certain of the white popu- that great powers of self-propaga- lation. The African has a faith in tion lie latent in African churches God and a zeal for God which need -powers of leadership and initia- only to be tempered by a true tive which, if evoked, confirmed knowledge of God to make him a and utilized would enable the fearless and effective worker. It church to enter the wide-open doors becomes the church to free him and possess the land which the speedily from the shackles that Lord our God has given it.

SOME AFRICAN PROVERBS In order to understand the wisdom of a people, it is necessary to study their proverbs. Here are some African proverbs that show wisdom, brevity and force: "The weasel has pride, the snake having gone out of its hole" (When the cat is away, the mice will play).

"Pots are made while the clay is in good condition" (Make hay while the sun shines).

"The cow licks the one that licks her" (Kindness brings its own reward).

"The potter eats out of a broken kettle" (The shoemakers' children go worst shod).

DR. C. E. WEST.

THROUGH CHINESEl.EYES*

BY TIMOTHY TINGFANG LEW, PH.D., Peking, China Dean Faculty of Theology (1921-6) "ren('/ting U'ni'Ver8ity~ Pekimg President of Grneral Board, C'll ina C'hriSti.n1J, Edu(JatiQna~ AS8o(Jiation FOUR factors in the situation restoration of China's rights has in China have important bear- made such headway in China to- ing upon the future policy of day. Some sophisticated people missions and the Christian Church generously give the credit to the in China. Many of the elements Russians, not knowing the quiet are temporary, even fleeting, but influence of textbooks which the four promise permanency and youth of the last twenty-five years growing power. have studied in their classrooms day in and day out and the labor First, the nationalized youth. of the school masters in China. If Nationalism has become a passion we fail to appreciate this factor, and almost a religion, replacing we shall be taken unawares. time-honored systems of ethics and religious faiths. It commands the The second factor in the present whole activity and becomes the cen- China situation is the organized ter of the absorbed attention of mass. Often has the question been the younger generation. Textbooks raised when foreigners discuss vahave been gradually but steadily rious movements in China: how revised and new ones have been much does such-and-such movewritten to embody this thought of ment affect the coolies or the farmnationalism. Games, plays are be- ers or the day laborers? Until reing devised to educate the little cently the answer has been "Very tots of three or four to illustrate little-a few students or returned this central theme. Normal train- students stir up all the trouing given to teachers also makes ble." But the situation is changed. this note predominant. Children It is far easier now to make the now begin their day's work stand- mass know and care than might ing at attention with bowed head be supposed. before the picture of the national hero, hear his last will read, and Organization of masses to act en some aspects of the political doc- bloc is not at all "a new invention trines of nationalism are ex- imported from Russia"! We have pounded by their teachers. School had that for the last 300 years. principals who are not nationalists It was that weapon with which the are removed. Manchu rule was overthrown. The only difference is between the se- It was only twenty years ago crecy in the past and the openness when a few quiet writers of text- in the present. In the next few books incorporated into these texts years one may witness the rapidly the stories of how China lost her organized laborers, farmers, coolies harbors, foreign concessions, and in working units, efficient and powall other grievances. People won- erful, subject to influence of suggesdered why the movement for the tion, useful to demigods, yet with • P,.J"('('rptR from 1111 addr('RR dr1ircr('d rtf t1l(' ThirtY-fifth Fardyn J{isxiallJl (lrm.frTf'11(,f'.

979

great possibilities for progress and the other. Such a group may have welfare of the nation if they come all the defects of autocracy and is under good influence. not free from many of the defects The third factor in the present of inefficiency, but it is neverthe- situation is the popularization of less achieving results.

the technique of propaganda. The All these four factors will have first two factors could not have the important bearing upon the mishope of effective accomplishment sionary work in China, and, there- . were it not for the adoption of the fore, we cannot discuss our future new technique of propaganda. The missionary policy profitably with- Chinese have learned how to adopt out constantly keeping these four a platform, how to state things factors before our minds.. simply and with effectiveness, so that those who run may read, or In missionary work we have dethose who are slow may be im-· veloped a set of standards, methods pressed. They are taking the and technique to deal with differ- ent situations. They are perfectly things out of devious logic and are logical and correct, but China is handing them out to the people going through a period of transthrough efficient salesmanship. In a remarkably short time they have formation and social and spiritual achieved some wonderful results. revolution. The application of rem- eindgiestotocuwstroomngaryconnodritmioanls~eatchcoodrds- In a few years the conquest of China by different ideas will bring about intensive mental warfare in does not bring the desired results: The insisteI1ce upon such applica- Chinese minds. The fourth factor in the present tion without variation is harmful. aFosr~uedxeanmtpilne, in normal conditions situation is the rising authority of school, and especiaU; the committee system. In the last twenty years Chinese minds have a hIgh school student, has no busigone through three distinctive ness to meddle with politics. His changes of authority. The imperial duty is to study; to strike for system· of government centered all political reforms is, according to authority upon the imperial ruler, normal judgment, to be prohibited from whom a hierarchy of official- and severely dealt with. But China dom resulted, the members of is not in a normal condition. T-he which derived their authority from high .school boy in China may, in him. Each member in the group certam cases, have not only the derived his authority from the one right but the duty to take part in next above him. The authority of the national politics. officialdom together with the au- Bearing in mind the powerful thority of seniority of age in fam- factors in the Chinese situation illes and village system rules the and the dangers that are lurking around, may I outline a few of the life of the people. But recently a third form of au- dir~ctions in missionary policy thority has gradually been tried WhICh we may profitably discuss out and takes the place of indi- in our study of the situation in vidual leadership, that is the lead- China? They represent roughly ership of committees or of a the desires and hopes of many committee of leaders working to- thoughtful Chinese Christians who gether as a group, each watching are true friends of missionaries

LOOKING THROUGH CHINESE EYES

and the missions, as well as loyal Chinese today is not merely, "What members of the Chinese Church. shall I do that I may be saved?"

First, education for "home con- but also "What shall I do that our stituency" should take a new direc- nation may be saved?"

tion. It seems to me that the time Fourth, the Mission Boards is ripe to initiate a new program should continually take a very firm for missionary education, more stand on the rigid application of thoroughgoing in the change of Christian principles in interna- emphasis than any of the splendid tional relationship and try to help effort already made so far. Try China to achieve success in her to educate the home constituency struggle to obtain an untrammeled on the principle of spiritual inter- development, social and national.

dependence between the East and A study of the· sentiment of the the West. Shift the emphasis from Chinese Christians may be helpful the principle of paternal sympathy to those who have to make deci- and aid to that of fraternal coop- sions at home to find out some of eration and mutual endeavor to the lines that would indicate the build up a family of nations in the procedure to be taken.

Kingdom of God. Fifth, in mission and church gov- Second, the period of missionary ernment immediate beginnings training should be lengthened. should be made to change the whole Every missionary sent out to China program from the basis of over- should have adequate training in sight to the basis of cooperation.

democratic citizenship and the The position of a missionary in the technique of practical application field should be changed from that of Christianity in social, industrial of the teacher to that of the coach and political problems. Longer of an athletic team. Every part of furlough may be helpful, during the program and policy should give which scholarships should be pro- help to the movement of the in- vided for further study, and depu- digenous church. A coach directs tation speaking should be reduced the team, yet he is not the captain.

to a minimum. When the team wins the game, the Third, it may become necessary coach is not asked to go to the plat- that every missionary in China form to receive applause, but when should either become a naturalized the team goes wrong, the coach is Chinese or temporarily renounce the first name mentioned. But his foreign citizenship. If we hope everybody knows that the team that Christianity will really help owes everything to the coach and the birth and growth of a new na- the coach is absolutely indispen- tion in China, as it is the chief sable so long as there is a team that hope of the Chinese today, then 'needs coaching.

whosoever engages in Christian Sixth, in financial help the basis work in China in the next few dec- should be changed from that of ades must be imbued with the gift to that of sharing. There hopes and enthusiasms for her na- should be three kinds of mission- tional program and be able to help ary aid. The first is aid both in to guide and to correct the abuses man power and in finance; second, and wrong tendencies by a vigor- only man power without finance, ous application of Christian prin- that is to say, without finance be- ciples. The passionate cry of the yond the salary of the person; the

third, only finance without man The lesser great will surely have power. All these three types will a hard time. It may be necessary be needed. They should be equally respected and supported without for the mission boards, in the next discrimination. The third type few years, to help the missionaries may be increasingly important. The principle of no representation to make decisions which they may without taxation is a right and safe find it difficult to make in the field. rule to follow in normal human relations, but in the missionary Eighth, be prepared to make situation in China for the next few radical adjustments. There are decades, the best way may not be the normal and human way, but many adjustments ahead of us. the supernormal-the divine way. Try to make adjustment just a step In the transitional period of mission devolution this may be re- ahead of the situation that dequired by the exigencies of the situations. mands it. Do not wait until com- pelled to do so. In order to sense Seventh, coordination, combination, unification in different forms such a situation, when an adjustof missionary activities are more ment is profitably made, perhaps it imperative than ever. Only real good work will stand the storm of may be useful and helpful to you nationalism and public opinion. that more frequent opportunity Truly great institutions which can do really good work, so good that will be given to the voice of Chiheyond the reach of average Chi- nese leaders. Let them be heard nese endeavor, will have little to fear for the opportunity of service. not only in the mission field but also in America.

Dr. Timothy Lew is connected with several national organizations in China, including the National Christian Council and the China Christian Education Asso- ciation. He is a representative Christian Chinese, a minister of the Chinese Chris- tian Church, and a member of a family which has had five generations of bap- tized Christians, a family which has given a total of 105 years active service to the Church with missionaries.

THOUGHTS FOR THE THOUGHTFUL "Missionaries can explain their religion. The hard part is to explain their civilization."-Muskogee Phoenix.

"Justice demands that those unfaithful to the fruitful vines must not keep the vineyard."-The Watchman-Examiner.

"Without risk there would be no courage; without free choice there would be no character."-Dr. John Howard Melish.

"Our people are rubbing their eyes, they are standing on tiptoe, and with outstretched hands are rrying, 'We want to see Jesus.' "-C. Y. Cheng, of China.

"N0 chemical process, however startling and wonderful, is so marvelous as the change wrought in a human being who has been regenerated, born anew through the divine agency."-The United Presbyterian.

A VISIT TO BABYLON AND ITS JE"'S

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., Haifa, Palestine Pa8tor ana i-I'uperintendcnt oj the Evangdiaul and Medical JIi88ion to fBrad M ESOPOTAMIA is the land great Hebrew Christian mission- between the Two Rivers, ary, Dr. Joseph Wolf, visited Bag- the Euphrates and Tigris; dad, and in 1844, Dr. Henry A. the land of the Arabian Nights Stern, another Hebrew Christian, adventures, Haroun-el-Raschid, his paid it a visit. The fact that no splendor, and the "Thief of Bag- definite qualified Jewish missiondad." Some called it the "Cradle ary was stationed there, led us to of Mankind." Archreologists, by make it a special matter of prayer their research and excavations con- and to bring it before loyal friends jure up a history and civilization long before the time of the Pha- of Israel. The response was so raohs. Even the great Assyriolo- wonderful and definite that we gists bow before the wizards of the realized we were in harmony with Chaldean philosophy, civilization, the divine will. art and science. To undertake a definite pioneer But it is the Diaspora in this work at such a great distance, di- vine aid and careful preparations ancient land that demands our at- are required. The transportation tention. The burden which the of large quantities of literature Lord laid definitely upon our over the wide desert; many obhearts, urged us to undertake a stacles had to be overcome before we could settle the date of our admissionary journey to this land. vance. Much prayer went up to That strange voice, "The People and Not the Land" which dis- God on behalf of our venture of turbed us at the International faith and to this we attribute the Jewish Missionary Conference at victory. Budapest last year has not yet left us. "Seek ye out the lost sheep of When everything was settled for our departure, we learned that the house of Israel." Is it true cholera had broken out at Babylon; that there are great and important smallpox started in Syria, and Jewish centres with no definite then the Wahabis began their atspecially qualified witnesses? In tack on Iraq. All the forces of the this land of such importance, is Evil One seemed to be against us, there a community of such vital but they were miserably conhistoric interest, 200,0.00 Jews, en- founded. tirely forgotten for centuries? To our sorrow we found that such was While every Christian or Jew the case. Missionaries who are who has read the Bible knows that laboring among the Moslems, the Jewish people were led away Chaldeans, Sabeans and Kurds into captivity in Babylon, the part have borne testimony to such Jews the Jews played there, their hisas they have met, but there has not tory from that time till this day been any definitely organized Jew- has seldom been appreciated. In ish Mission in Mesopotamia. the Talmud, Babylonia is referred to as "the land of Israel." The life As early as April 8, 1924, the of the Jews in Babylon, where 983

Nebuchadnezzar placed them after exist in any other part of the his conquest of Judea, and where world, having a full knowledge of they remained in increasing num- its history, environment and trabers for fifteen centuries, whatever ditions. In attempting a definite the conditions were, the lot of the missionary enterprise among these Jews could not be called unhappy. people, pioneering needed very The policy of dealing liberally with careful preparations and wisdom the Jews adopted by Nebuchadnez- from Above. zar and followed by his son Evil- Merodoch, who released J ehoiachin, We invited the Rev. Arthur W. the captive King of Jerusalem, Payne of Haifa, and the Rev. Elias and exalted him above the other Newman of the Irish Presbyterian kings that were with him, seems Church, Damascus, a Hebrew to have been continued (2 Kings 25: 27-30). It was here that the Christian and a Gentile Christian Babylonian Talmud was created to accompany us. We left Haifa and the Jewish Code established. on April 18th and went via Naz- It was here also where the Rosh- areth, Tiberias, crossing the J or- Galutha, tlie Exilarch, or Prince dan and reaching Damascus in the of the Captivity played such an im- afternoon. We visited the Chief portant part in the life of the Jews Rabbi who informed us that he of Babylon. He was recognized as was a pupil of my father many the head of the Jews in Babylon years ago in Jerusalem. and the adjacent countries, who could trace his descent by direct We left on our 615 mile journey male line from the royal house of across the great desert, in the beau- David, taking precedence because of this over the Patriarchs of tiful six-wheeled Pullman car of the Nairn Eastern Transport Com- Palestine, who could only trace pany. The desert was crossed by their descent by female line. The automobile for the first time by position he occupied in the Persian Mr. Norman Nairn of Australia Court was that of fourth in rank and two companions in the spring from the King himself. His of 1923 and in October, 1923, he power over all the Jews was al- inaugurated a regular service with most that of a sovereign over his Cadillac cars. In May, 1927, the people. They had their schools present six-wheelE!d cars inauguand academies, they were mer- rated a direct passenger service chants, agriculturists, cultivating between Damascus and Bagdad, their own fields, exporting their each car accommodating fifteen own grain, vines, dates, sesame, passengers. It took us only 30 figs and vegetables. They were hours going and 24 hours coming their own shepherds, cowherds and back, including the stops made for meals. When that enterprising fatteners, hunters of animals, Hebrew Christian, Dr. Wolf, visfishermen, even muleteers, leading ited Bagdad in 1824, it took him 64 days from Aleppo, whilst that caravans. In fact, they lived their other Hebrew -Christian, the Rev. own natural lives. Dr. Henry A. Stern and his com- panions, in order to cross the des- Thus we have here a special ert from Damascus to Bagdad, had Jewish community, an ancient one, a caravan of 450 camels, leaving Damascus on the 17th September with all the traditions from the ~}Cile to this date such as dOeS not and reaching Bagdad on the 19th

A VISIT TO BABYLON AND ITS JEWS

of October after many privations. Jews of the city. Several offered In Bagdad we got into touch to distribute literature among the with the Christians who were ex- Jews, especially as there is such a pecting us. The two secretaries of large proportion of Jews who are the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Donald Mun- members of the Y. M. C. A. roe and Mr. Harold Lampard, The Jews soon learned of our were keenly interested and through presence and we received many in- them we secured the assistance of vitations to their schools and . a young converted Shiah. We homes, to synagogues and institu- gave ourselves to visiting the Jew- tions. Every morning some of Us ish quarters and institutions and went out to distribute literature, acquainted ourselves with the city whilst others visited schools and and its neighborhood. From the institutions under the guidance of beginning we found a ready recep- a judge and another notable Jew.

tion everywhere from all classes of At one school we found over 800 the community. We realized that children assembled in the yard in order to carry out a thorough where they sang songs and gave investigation we must secure the recitations in Hebrew and Arabic cooperation of all the missionaries. and even in English. The Alliance We arranged to invite the mission- Israelite, in their boys' and girls' aries to a round table conference. schools, have over 3,000 pupils. In The following were present: Mr. one school we had the privilege of and Mrs. Hope of the British & examining the children. We wrote Foreign Bible Society, Dr. E. I. a Hebrew text on the blackboard Barney, the Rev. and Mrs. Fred J. and a scholar analyzed it gram- Barney, Mrs. M. D. F. Thoms, Dr. matically and gave the roots of C. Staudt, the Rev. and Mrs. Rose, every word. In another class Mr. the Rev. A. G. Edwards, Mr. Don- Newman wrote a text from the ald Munroe and Mr. Harold Lam- New Testament on the blackboard pard, the Rev. Arthur W. Payne,- in English and one of the boys the Rev. Elias Newman, and the made the analysis and then parsed writer. The Jews in Bagdad have the words. greatly increased since the war, It would be impossible to give a and their number is estimated at description of the different homes from 100,000 to 150,000. There and institutions we visited, as well are large Jewish communities at as of our journey to the great and Mosul, Basra, Hilleh, Kut; in fact intensely interesting ancient Babythere is scarcely an important city lon, the great rivers Euphrates or town in Mesopotamia where and Tigris with their floods, the there are no Jews. They have beautiful palm groves and wondermany schools which accommodate, ful hanging gardens. The impresaccording to the Anglo-Jewish re- sion made upon us while passing port, 12,500 children. Many the sites of Akkad (Gen. 10) and others attend the mission schools. Ctesiphon, Nebuchadnezzar's forti- In the American Mission one third fied palace; driving around the of the boys and one fourth of the ruins of the inner walls of Babylon, girls are of the Jewish faith. The visiting the excavations at Babymissionaries would welcome any lon, the marble pavements of the recognized society that will send a Sacred Way that led to the shrine representative to work among the for the worship of the god Marduk,

. the curiously inscribed walls of the so was not given to us, but we palace of the great Nebuchadnez- could heartily recommend to him zar and his father, the huge ruined the fountain of Living Water, hall where Belshazzar made that whereof the man who drinketh will great feast when he saw the writ- never thirst again, and which is at ing on the wall, is indescribable. the same time the Bread of Life But perhaps nothing impressed and the Life-giver. We also told me so much as the view of the him of the city and its river and "Waters of Babylon," the river trees under whose leaves there is Euphrates with its willows, the the healing of the nations. The exact picture given in Psalm 137. son, who was discussing some of Leaving the ruins we felt, see- the prophecies, said, "Sir, if you ing that all the words of the can give that Living Water where- prophet concerning Babylon had by my dear father Can renew his been literally fulfilled, that God's youth, I will give you half of what promise concerning the future of we have, yea, I will give you all Israel will also surely be accom- that we have." We told him that plished. For God's time to favor this gift is of God, and could not Zion must come soon. be bought for money or a price. In Mokkattam, the great Shiah The old man pointed out to us that city of Kathamien, with its won- because of the sins of Israel, the derful golden dome, we had fellow- Temple was destroyed, the symbol ship with Brother and Mrs. Ed- of national independence and three wards, and we visited nineteen things had departed which could large synagogues, nine schools and not be regained in spite of all ef- many Jewish homes. forts-wisdom and joy and rest One of the leading Jews invited had departed. The old man was us to meet him in his home, a beau- very keen, and said, "Do you know tiful palace on the Tigris, shaded that one young Jew went 'to seek with willows and palm trees. The his brethren' and he was sold as a Tigris running close by, in flood, slave to Egypt, and suffered there was a platform from which much?" We immediately pointed one could bathe and cool off in the out to him that after the sorrows morning and evening, a luxurious and time of slavery, he became the petrol launch all ready for use, greatest in the land and we would servants all around. The owner to God that we could be sold in wanted to know our aim, and we order to become the feeders of the explained it to him. We told him people, and we also pointed out to of the movements of Israel in the him how this Joseph was only a land of their fathers. He was very type of the greater Joseph, the son much interested, and we asked him of David, who was the Messiah of if he would like to go to Jerusalem Israel. We also told him of the and build himself a home there. love of Christ implanted in the The old man pointed, and said: heart of St. Paul, who wished him- "Can you bring that ri~er to Jeru- self accursed for his kinsmen, his salem, where I can build a house, brethren after the flesh. and have these willows and palms?" We pointed out to him that Visiting another Jewish home, at present we could not bring the our host said: "We must have been river to Jerusalem, the power to do mad when we rejected Jesus, who spoke the most wonderful wisdom

ever uttered by man." "Yes," he King Feisal, kindly and graciously continued, "by this mad act we granted the writer an audience, have lost our independence and all and personally we felt deeply wisdom has departed. Instead of grateful for that gracious recepthe nations of the earth coming to tion extended to the writer, realus to learn wisdom, we fill the Gen- izing the aroma of goodwill. His tile universities-where we are not Majesty was extremely kind. wanted-and our heads are stored with the garnered knowledge of All through the journey we had this artificial world, which is not to the full experienced the gracious true knowledge and which does not extension of the divine favor and lead to happiness." We were protection. very greatly impressed and said, "Friend, it is quite true, but why What is our duty towards the do you not begin anew?" He an- 200,000 Jews in Mesopotamia? It swered sorrowfully, "We are tied is true we have distributed 1,500 and bound by many chains, tradi- New Testaments and 11,500 portions, environment, conventions tions, books such as "Jesus Is Comand by many so-called friendships. ing," St. John's Gospel in Hebrew In fact, we live an unnatural life with notes by Dr. Horton, "How which is sapping our very life Shall I Know Him?" "God and the blood so that we have no strength Universe," etc. We have also made left in us to break our fetters." arrangements and left large quan- We told him the words of Jesus: tities of literature with the Rev. "If the Son shall make you free ye A. G. Edwards who is to carryon shall be free indeed." distribution at Hilleh and par- ticularly in his missionary boat on By the invitation of the Secre- the Euphrates. We also left littary of the Y. M. C. A. we gave a erature with Brothers Munroe lecture on "Modern Developments and Lampard of the Y. M. C. A. in Judaism." The lecture was at- and parcels of literature have been tentively listened to; one Jew sent to Bro. Willoughby at Mosul. wanted us to remove the blame Literature has been sent to Basra from the Jews for the crucifixion and also left with Mrs. Hope, who of the Son of God, which we told is greatly interested in the conhim we could not do. More than version of the Jews. But what this, to do this would not help the about a definite continued testireconciliation of Israel with God mony? All the missionaries agree through the Son of God. that such a witness is needed. What is our duty? We left Meso- Not only were we kindly re- potamia with a vision of the possiceived by Jews of all classes, but bilities existing, the glorious work the heads of some institutions and that can be accomplished there, schools requested us to help them and also with a greater burden. to obtain Bibles. As most of the If ever there was a Macedonian schools are orthodox, and the text- cry, "Come over and help us," we book for Hebrew is the Bible, thus realize it here. We can truly say they need thousands of Bibles, that the field is white unto harwhich we promised to secure for vest, where are the laborers? them. What can we do to wake up the Christian Church to look up and We were also received by the see and hear the "Call of God"? notables of the land. His Majesty,

IN ANCIENT

BY REV. CALVIN K. STAUl)T, Baghdad, Iraq Mi88ionary oj the Reformed Churah in the United State8 BAGHDAD affords a fine op- American School for Boys. To this portunity for preaching the service young people of all reli- Gospel. The people hunger gious creeds feel free to come, and and thirst after the truth and the attendance has been beyond all are glad to hear one who interprets expectations. The service is held religious life in a helpful way, It on the balcony of the court of the is a thrilling privilege to preach school. There is nothing to at- the Word of God in Baghdad, in tract the people save the preaching the very center of the Moslem of the Gospel; for there is no pul- world, and at one time the cen- pit, no choir, no stained glass win- ter of culture, influence and power. dows-nothing, in short, to make Baghdad woefully needs the it churchly except a Bible and gospel message. The city is in the hymn books. Not even a cent is throes of awakening. The use of spent on this service, either for mechanical force and scientific preacher, janitor, heat or light.

knowledge is breaking down the It is carried on as a part of the old Moslem order of things. The school program, as extension work last chapter of a long paragraph one might call it.

of the history of this city is com- Without advertising or making ing to an end and a new para- any effort to induce people to come, graph, which is very different, is the attendance has steadily in- being written. The old religious creased until now it scarcely ever conceptions are breaking down and falls below 100, having reached the something is needed to take their high water mark of 200 on Christ- place. The evils of the West are mas night. And this is in spite entering by leaps and bounds. The of the fact that we must worship dance hall and hotel life, the liquor in the cold, with feet on an icy cold shop, the uncensored movie, are marble floor, with nothing but a being introduced without a protest canvas curtain to protect one from and, sad to say, are accepted as the bitter winds when the weather signs of civilization. is freezing.

In this transition period men Who comes to these services and women lose their bearings. Sunday after Sunday? Some are They become confused, mystified, students in the higher classes, unsettled; they grope for the some are Syrians, Armenians and truth, which they think lies in the Egyptians who have been educated new. Many begin to read science in our mission schools or in the and philosophy; some seek guid- University of Beirut. Others are ance in Bahaiism or one of the oc- from different schools of the city cult ~eligions; and we are glad to -both teachers and pupils, and say, that others are anxious to many others are educated young hear the Gospel of Christ. A re- men in the employ of the Govern- markable illustration of this is the ment or in the professional world.

Sunday evening service in the It is a group as intelligent as 988

PREACHING IN ANCIENT BAGHDAD

one can find in an average Amer- This audience is composed of ican church. All have a knowledge men and women who are alert, upof English so that they can easily follow any sermon. Religiously, to-date, seekers after knowledge they are Moslems, Jews and Christians (non-Protestants). These and anxious for the truth. Some come for no other purpose but to time ago I incidentally made referlearn the way of life and the way ence to the suggestive title of a of Christ. It is a great privilege to preach to this intelligent group book called "Adventurous Reliin these days of transition. Now gion," which, I said, I never had or never is the opportune time to lead them to Christ. Many are a chance to read. At the close of helping to make history. the service a Shiah· Moslem from Picture an evening audience as the holy city of Kadhamain came it was the other night. On the up to me and said, "I have that front seat sat two Moslems, graduates of a university and teaching book and I shall be glad to give it in the government schools. Be- to you." The following week he hind them were two or three rows of lady teachers in the government brought the book which he had schools. Behind them were a group of students from our own read and underscored.

and other schools. Scattered Three weeks ago I received the among them and all along the two following letter from a man who sides were the older young men who belong to the effendi class. In had come for the first time: that same audience were representativesof two of the sacred "Mr. —, an esteemed friend of cities of the Shiah Moslems, and a mine, advised me to attend your weekly native woman who has her Master lectures, and I have been for,tunate to of Arts degree from Columbia Uni- hear yesterday your speech and have to versity. All who attended the inform you with great pleasure that I service were natives, except an was much pleased' of it, and blamed my- American archeologist and three self for not attending your lectures bemissionaries who were passing fore. Your yesterdny's lecture reminded through Baghdad. me of your religion which'I was about to forget.

"You have, stated at the end of your lecture yesterday that your speech on the coming Sunday is 'How Christ Is Our Door to God.' I request that your lec- ture on Sunday after next be How to prove that there is God, with the re- mark that the man (or men) whom you are addressing and who does riot believe in any religion and denies God's person and believes that this world is being de- veloped by nature, may find Him.

"This lecture will perhaps abolish my doubts, for which I shall ever remain thankful."

SOME AFRICAN PROVERBS "Do not begin the meal before the water is boiled" (Do not count your chickens before they are hatched).

"It is better to tUrn the enemy back ()n the hill than to drive him out of the village" (Prevention is better than cure).

"He weeps with one eye" (He is insincere). "You kindle a fire and leave it" (You are a talebearer). "A thief catches himself" (murder will out). "Anger is a warmth which lights itself." "Scarcity lives in the pouse of the quarreler."

-DR. C. E. WEST, in The Other Sheep.

PROBLEMS AT

BY WILMA DUNTZE, JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY SHORTLY after sojourners to than any difference of opinion or Jerusalem had turned home- outlook was the realization that the ward with its enriching ex- spirit that binds the separate Asperience another world gathering sociations into a world unity would brought together over three hun- be great enough to lead the way dred women from almost two score through the most perplexing prob- countries met at Budapest as Iem. seekers after Christ's way in all Christianity is being stifled by realms of life. The usual barriers of language, distance and creed the impact of the mechanistic syswere surmounted in this meeting tern and materialism. The stubof representatives of the Young born problem faced by the women Women's Christian Association. at Budapest was: "Who can better The hostess city was struggling bring the needed oxygen than the to find new life and hope after its Christian disciples who dare to be war-torn years. Although heads practical and see the problem in terms of the gripping economic were high there, countless hearts structure that must be controlled were heavy with bitterness and or do the controlling?" disillusionment. Here was one example of the almost untouched By means of a questionnaire circulated among Y. W. C. A. mem- fields of political, economic and bers in all countries for over a social activity that cry for Chris- year, some very revealing things tian understanding and new dar- were discovered showing that ing. The sessions at Budapest Christ's ideal for human life is still deepened the conviction that when violated under the present social from the Mount of Olives Jesus and economic system. The progsaid: "Go ye into all the world," ress made point by point, country He must have visualized not only by country, in facing and undergeographic distance but every taking constructive programs in major aspect of human life. That behalf of each social and economic conviction carried the delegates in- principle involved was charted. to facing practical issues and That document became a tlaermethods for a constructive pro- mometer. It was taken as a workgram. ing tool for the next two years to be a guide and gage of progress It was unmistakably evident in this field of human relationthat the power and personality of the "Man of Galilee" gave direc- ships. tion and vitality to the delegates. At Jerusalem it was said: "The The program was based on Bible task of the Christian Church is to study, deep searching into the aims create a Christian civilization withand methods of the Association in in which all human bei-ngs can grow all parts of the world, and on in- to their full spiritual stature. It formation, from social and eco- is its duty to acquire knowledge nomic scientists, on national and by which the conditions which iminternational situations. Stronger peril such growth may be removed, 990 and those which foster it may be tionnaire and said: "We have established. It is its duty to speak done this…. but have still left and work fearlessly against social undone. . . . We will return to and economic injustice." our people and carry our purpose further. Our first responsibility Budapest answered: "This and theirs is to know better what means that we cannot rest from the actual application of these gengiving our best thought and en- eral principles involve and how deavor to alter in every country our modern industrial system afsuch situations which are still fects all factors in human society. known to exist as: long hours of We will have courage to look labor; women and children toiling longer, to seek further, and include at night; small children employed within our vision if need be things at the sacrifice of their future; un- that hurt, hurt until they compel sanitary, unsafe and unhealthful us to do something about them. work places; unregulated periods Weare unrestful about these of unemployment throwing their things as we more fully realize greatest burden on those least able that they are part of our Christian to bear the strain; failure to responsibility. We will go on. Any recognize the reciprocal contribu- other course would be to deny our tions and right to share in the con- greatest Teacher. There is no natrol of production by labor and tion that is not affected more or capital; unaroused consumers who less by this problem. What effects assume no responsibility for know- one affects all. We must face the ing and exerting their influence on problems and the solutions tothe conditions under which things gether. In so doing we will realize are made for their use." a bond and unity of purpose that will draw us closer than any ex- The women who were at Buda- perience known in the past." pest looked on the charted information revealed by the ques- A SPEEOH BY A NATIVE TONGA TEACHER Supplied by a Senior ~Mctkodi8t Minister in the Mis8'ionary Rcriew, A'ustralia- I T IS said that men have made efforts to change all kinds of material into gold, but have not accomplished it. The Chris- tian religion is chemistry, and the men who are employed in this service are the missionaries. It has the power to change all things into gold. Previous to the introduction of this religion into Tonga we could not accomplish anything; but ever since the missionaries commenced their work, Tonga has been able to convert all things into gold. The land is a golden land; the pigs, yams and nuts all are changed into gold. We have got riches through religion, both temporal and spiritual. Religion enriches one's soul, it changes one's nature, fools are made wise, the dead are brought to life, we have peace with God, and it is certain that we shall gain eternal life.

Let us work, therefore, that it may reach other lands yet in darkness. Money is necessary to pay for the vessel, clothes, and food of the missionaries.

Let us give our money, for the temple is not yet erected in all lands.

HEROISM IN

BY REV. JOHN T. FARIS, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

SOME years ago at the call of and beat his way "back to the freez- God, a physician gave up a fine ing missionaries, who were deter- practice to go to Point Bar- mined to stay" by their work, row, within the Arctic Circle, the because the Eskimo needed them.

most northern mission station in Time passed. The physician and the world, where he was to open a his wife went to desolate Point hospital. On the way he was asked Barrow, where the thermometer to stop at a station farther down often tells of sixty degrees below the coast, where mission work had zero. A part of the doctor's"work been carried on for several years, was the making of long sledge but had been abandoned. journeys for scates and even hun- With his wife and child he dreds of miles, to the igloos(jf the sought shelter in the remains of natives who had sent for him. On the old miss~onary residence, which one such trip the ice on which the proved to be so uninhabitable that sledge was traveling' broke up, and the natives disdained it. "If we the little" party found itself ma~ have plenty of coal for the winter rooned under the lee of an iceberg we can get along," the wife said. to which clung a" bit of fairly But the last steamer came, and smooth ice. The shore was far without the needed coal. When the away, and rescue seemed "impossi- wires carried news to New York ble. "

City of their extremity they were "Take your shirt and place it urged to return to the lower Pacif- as a- signa] of" distress upon that ic coast for the winter. "Shall we ice peak!" the doctor said to a go?" the missionary asked his wife. companion. "Why, that would be "No, let us stay!" she said. And usel(ss!" he was told. "There is he agreed. Then they prayed. God no one within one hundred miles!"

could make their winter service "But put up the" signal," he was possible, they were sure. urged. "Then let" us pray to Him And God did, in a most unex· whose serva~ts we are."

pected manner. A belated coasting The flag of distress" ;was flown schooner was driven to seek shel- in the face of a" desolate coast. ter perhaps one hundred miles Early in the morning it was seen south of the cold missionaries. by two boys, reindeer herders, who At the dock the Captain saw a had left the sheltered tundra, far pile of coal. "What is that?" inland, contrary to the" orders of he asked. "Oh, that is the mission- those in charge or their govern- aries' coal," he was told. "The ment" herds; they wanted fresh ship which was to take it to them fish, so disobeyed the command.

had to leave it here." "What!"" They looked through a spyglass- roared the schooner's owner. "The a cheap affair sent out by an Amer- missionaries are without fuel? ican mail-order house–and recog- Then I must take it to them, even nized the peculiar fur coat of the if the winter is upon us." And doctor at Point Barrow. Leaving he loaded a dozen tons on the deck the herd, they hastened toward 992

MISSIONARY HEROISM IN ALASKA

Point Barrow, sixty or seventy Simply the missionary told of miles distant. When more than these things. Then, longingly, he half way to their destination they said: "And how hungry I am to were confronted by a raging. tor- get back to .my people, among rent which they had forgotten; whom I hope to die!"

this was the spring flood fed by * * * * * * * * melting snow from the interior. One who heard the consecrated They could not cross. man's words thought of a mission- Sadly they agreed that the doc- ary and his wife of whom the late tor and his party were doomed. Dr. Charles L. Thompson used to But as they walked along the bank tell. They went to one of the Aleu- they surprised a company of mi- tian Islands tor service; they had grating Eskimo, in their boats, sought a hard field, and it was giv- who had camped by the side of en to them. There bravely they the stream. The boats were met not only privation, but the aw- manned, the journey was made ful loneliness that came when their safely, and the missionaries were babe died. A little later, on the saved from the ice floe. "Didn't visit of the one steamer a year that I tell you God would take care of came to their little outpost, Dr.

us?" the doctor asked. Thompson sought to comfort them That time the house at Point in the brief hour of his stay. As Barrow was there when he ap- he left he said, "Is there anything proached it. But there came a day I can do for you? Ask freely just when, on his return from another what is in your mind." "Of course sledge trip, nothing but ruins they will ask to be sent back to greeted him. The house had burned their friends at home," he thought.

during the night, and the brave And he was prepared to grant their mIssionary wife had been com- request. His amazement, then, may pelled to seek shelter, passing be imagined, when the bereft moth- barefoot and in her night clothes, er said, "Oh, Dr. Thompson, let through deep drifts of snow. us stay here among our people!"

A SELF-EXAMINATION 1. How long would it take to make my community really Christian if every other follower of Christ worked at it and prayed about it just as I do?

2. How long would it take to make this nation Christian if all Christians gave their prayers and efforts and money toward it as I am doing?

3. How long would it take to make disciples of all nations if all other Christians were to give this great program of Christ the place in their lives that it has in mine?

4. Have I any moral right to expect or ask of other Christians, or even of preachers and missionaries, any service or sacrifice for Christ that I am unwilling to give myself?

The work of winning the world to Christ is my work as really and as fully as it is the work of anyone else. Let me not avoid it nor shirk it.

J. CAMPBELL WHITE.

4

Of THE

PEACE-TEN YEARS AFTER North America have been the experi- PRACTICALLY every nation of ment in Prohibition, the upsetting of the world was involved in the former moral standards, the increase Great War that started in Eu- in lawlessness and the great growth rope fourteen years ago. The losses in material prosperity. inflicted can never be measured, nor can we estimate what might have been It is easy for pessimists to look at gained if the fabulous amount of the world and see only growing suspimoney, the mental energy and the mil- cion, selfishness and unrest, threatenlions of lives had been devoted, as sac- ing still further and greater conflicts. rificially, to the ever-present spiritual But there are encouraging signs of conflict to win the world to Christ and progress toward international peace to enlist these forces in His construc- and goodwill. The many peace contive program. ferences and treaties, such as the Locarno Treaty, the League of Na- What progress has been made since tions, the World Court, the Washingthe signing of the Armistice ten years ton Conference on the Limitation of ago? It is not difficult to note na- Armaments, the Paris Pact for Outtional changes-the revolution in lawing War, and the Universal Reli- Russia with the continued struggle gious Peace Congress, all these are between anarchy and atheism on the evidences of the desire for peace one side and idealism and religion on among the nations. The Near East the other; the civil war in China, Relief, after over ten years of lifewith the spread of Sun Yat Sen's na- saving service for hundreds of thoutionalistic program and the establish- sands of children in former Turkish ment of a central government by the territory, is now preparing to close Kuomingtang at Nanking; the rise of many of its orphanages. But the servthe Gandhi Movement in India and vice rendered to the sufferers and for the. increase in nationalistic spirit; peace and goodwill is immeasurable.

the encouraging progress in Persia In the Church and worldwide Chrisand Mesopotamia, the change of gov- tian missions there are causes for ernment in Arabia, and the establish- alarm that are overshadowed by eviment of a new republic of Turkey with dences of progress. The churches are modernization in education, industry, too largely neglected and the rationallaws, customs and religion; the new istic and materialistic spirit has en- boundaries and new political regimes tered disturbingly into faith and life. in Greece, the Balkan States, Austria Missionary gifts are far from com- and Germany; the granting of self- mensurate with the need or with the government to Ireland and the re- ability of Christians to give. But markable Fascisti movement with many strong movements are working practical dictatorship in Italy. Africa to promote Christian unity and mis- shows many signs of progress under sionary service and are seeking to European control. Great Britian, foster peace and to promote Christ's France and Belgium have been fight- Way of Life in industrial and social ing their way back to economic nor- contacts, in national and international malcy under many difficulties. The dealings. There are not only interdemost noticable effects of the war in nominational religious conferences, 994

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

but Inter-racial movements, Church ment, with General Chiang Kai-shek conferences on Faith and Order, the inaugurated at Nanking as president World Alliance for International of the Republic on October 10th (Na- Friendship, International Fellowships, tional Independence Day). The ap- Conferences on Pacific Relations, pointment of a strong cabinet prom- school children's Friendship Bags and ises an enlightened and progressive Dolls, and hundreds of other enter- government. Several members of the prises and organizations to promote new cabinet are Christians, the most understanding and goodwill. The In- outstanding and clear-headed of them ternational Missionary Council at its being Dr. C. T. Wang, formerly a Y.

Jerusalem Conference has entered on M. C. A. leader, who has taken the an enlarged program to develop the portfolio of Minister of Foreign Af- indigenous Christian Churches and fairs. Recently there has been much National Christian Councils in every less evidence of radical Russian in- foreign mission field. This program fluence and more readiness to cooper- emphasizes loyalty to Christ and His ate with European powers in the revi- teachings, dependence on the Spirit of sion of treaties. The inauguration of God, and the placing of responsibility the new president was attended by for carrying out Christ's program on great patriotic demonstrations with the National Christians in each coun- but little disturbance. President Chi- try as their Christian leaders are de- ang is regarded as not only an able veloped. general but as a man of conciliatory It would be illuminating, and possi- spirit who will seek to promote peace bly disconcerting, if we could see our in China and harmony with foreign own hearts and lives from the view~ governments.

point of Christ. What progress to- The vice-president of the RepUblic ward the establishment of His King- and Minister of War is General Fimg dom of peace and righteousness would Yii-hsiang, the famous "Christian we discover? How far has the pur- General"-a much discussed and not pose of the coming of Jesus Christ in- clearly understood character. Prog- to the world been accomplished? How ress is being made in reaching an un- nearly have His followers completed derstanding with Japan and there is what He "began to do and to teach"? hope that the unequal treaties with all Some things have been done for which foreign governments will be replaced we may thank God and take courage by those that recognize the rights of but a vast amount yet remains to be China to a place of equality among done. So vast a task challenges every the nations.

Christian to devote every dollar, every At the same time that news came of talent, every hour, unselfishly to its the inauguration of President Chiang, completion. What progress the next a dispatch was received telling of civil ten years will show depends on God warfare in Kansu, the large Province and how far men are ready to live and in the extreme northwest with 10,- work in harmony with Him. 000,000 inhabitants, one-third of whom are Moslems. These Moslems rose in ENCOURAGEMENTS IN CHINA insurrection and as a result 200,000 are reported slain by the Chinese W HILE peace and stability can troops who, being better armed and not as yet be said to character- disciplined. proceeded to burn and ize China, the situation has plunder villages and to slaughter the vastly improved during the past year. inhabitants. Leighton P. Rand, a The capture of Peking by the Na- China Inland missionary living at tionalist forces has practically brought Lanchowfu. writes that multitudes to an end the revolution. After sev- who have survived are destitute of enteen years of struggle, the country food and clothing, and the meagre has been brought under one govern- crops have been destroyed. This in-

surrection, following the terrible ported from many quarters. Miss earthquake last year, the heavy rains Jennie V. Hughes of Shanghai, writes: of the spring, and a summer drought, The revival continues to grow. In our have brought millions face to face Bethel Church, and in the chapels where with starvation. The insurrection services are held every night, not a Sun- day passes but that souls are "born seems to have been crushed, but multi- again." There is also revival in Ningpo. tudes are starving. Here is an op- The people came from the outlying portunity for Christian service. towns and villages, over the mountains, some walking forty to sixty Ii on their During the many months of dis- little bound feet, (if they were women). Three thousand were saved during the turbance in all the provinces, the Chi- twenty-nine meetings and we are plannese Christians have carried on the ning to hold a Bible conference there. work of churches, schools, and even hospitals wherever possible, with sac- We look for a truly wide spread rifice and fidelity. Many foreign mis- spiritual revival in China when the sionaries have now returned to their Chinese Christians realize that only stations but the whole work will be Christ and His Gospel can save their conducted on a new basis, with much land and people from degeneration greater responsibility resting on the and can inspire leaders with the true spirit and power for service. Chinese Church. Revivals of interest in Christian teaching are also re- HELP OBSERVE GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY, DECEMBER 2D,-)IF.ETS A GREAT NEED One thousand childrf'lljn th~ NNlr Eust Relief OrphunaJl;e in Asia )linor, Syria find Greece, portray the Golden Rule binding the world together. On International GO,lden Rule Sunday, December 2d. we are askeLl to eat an orphan's meal and tu make all otferlllg that they may have some food.

FOR JUNIOR MISSIONARY WORK AND

MRS. ARTHUR W. RIDER, Los Angeles, California THE best thing in the world is work and the best work in the world is work with children." We may add: The most interesting and best dividend-paying work with children is missionary work.

WE HAVE two most fascinating Stanley expedition, Chinese Gordon, Junior studies this year-Africa as well as more recent and thrilling and Alaska, antipodes geographically adventures.

and otherwise. About the only simi- Tried and Timely Suggestions larity is that both begin with "A."

Neither country is so well known to 1. Decide early and definitely which the boys and girls as Japan, China or study you will use in your Sunday- even India. This provides the element school missionary work and which you of exploration into practically un- will reserve for the Juniors in your known fields which is always intri- Church School of Missions, or School guing to Juniors. of World Friendship as it is common- With the wealth of material pro- Iy called. As you have six or seven vided it will be solely our fault if our successive and longer periods in the Juniors are not "on tip toe" through- latter work, the African study would out the entire study of these colorful seem preferable.

countries. For the Africa study, two 2. Plan your number of sessions and books have been chosen: "In the Af- decide which chapter or chapters, with rican Bush" (Schwab) and "Camp elaborations, will be used at each ses- Fires on the Congo" (Springer). For sion. In no other department is it Alaska, "Under the North Star," quite so necessary to "Plan your (Gladfelter). Read both books on Af- Work,'" and, as nearly as possible, rica, select but one for teaching, say "Work your Plan."

"The African Bush." Major on that, 3. Order all supplies for your work weaving into it striking parts of the as teacher or leader, and all general other as well as material gleaned from supplies, early. Arrange them in spe- other sources used in your personal cial closet, cabinet or shelf space.

preparation. Juniors are critical. 4. As teacher your notebook should They recognize the difference in teach- be complete before beginning the ing that comes from a small over-night study. In fact two notebooks-one spring supply and that from the well- similar to the one you plan for the stored reservoir of information and pupils to make and your own personal preparation. Review "African Ad- notes–Iarger, fuller of special pic- venture," "The Lure of Africa," tures, newspaper and magazine clip- "Thinking Black," "Uganda's White pings, lists of music, special stories, Man of Work," and all David Living- etc., for use in teaching. A teacher stone material. Be familiar with the should really do everything she re- 997

quires the pupils to do and do it first. and boys softly whistling the chorus, 5. Plan some project. Have it defi- etc.

nitely in your own mind and work Organize the group into squads or toward it, but keep it concealed or "tribes," giving each an African name. camouflaged sufficiently for it to seem Appoint a leader or "Chief" of each to come spontaneously from the group tribe. These should wear felt arm toward the close of the study. bands with tribal names upon them. Each group or tribe should be assigned 6. Juniors like hard tasks. They some definite work, such as "Map play hard. When they work, they Makers"-"Posters and Publicity," work hard. There is danger in plan- "Platform and Room" (Maps, charts, ning and giving them work that is chairs, blackboard, etc. in place-song too easy, rather than too difficult. books on seats). Other tribes could care for the music or help plan the 7. Visit the day schools of this dramatizations; as the work develops, grade. As far as you deem advisable, other needs will arise. Much depends parallel the methods. For the most on the time and place of meeting and part methods used five days in the the equipment. week are feasible and good on the seventh. A secretary is needed, with some unique way of keeping the registra- 8. Interest some boys and girls of tion and attendance. Last year as we college age in assisting you. It is sur- were going on a long voyage, we used prising how alert and well posted they a "Passenger List" (showing and exare and what initiative they have. It plaining one). Two large cards or will also prove the saving "Expulsive poster boards were used-one for the power of a new affection" to some of boys and one for the girls. At center them. top of each was a large, colored ship. Each sheet was divided into sufficient 9. Plan definite handwork, with spaces for name of each boy and girl samples, materials and helpers ready going on the voyage with a small ship in advance. sticker by each name. Below each name the six or seven small squares Junior Church School of Missions were uniformly marked off. When John Smith was on time he was given Plans vary. Usually 'the Juniors a gold star-if tardy, a blue one. A hold their sessions simultaneously with simple uniform award may be given the rest of the church school. Some- those reaching a standard of attendtimes this study is substituted at the ance announced at first meeting-probregular Junior Church hour. Local ably five of the seven sessions. A conditions decide the matter. Person- colored foreign post card or Copping's ally, I prefer the first plan. "Hope of the World," (five cents Having decided upon Africa, for each) * is appreciated and sufficient. sake of illustration, plan definitely for the number of periods, usually six, Foreign stamps may be given to the and time allotted each period. Ap- boys, if they have the "craze." point a committee of Juniors to select a school song and slogan. Meet with A good pianist is absolutely essenthem and offer suggestions. One group tial. The piano should give all signals. used as slogan, "The Kingliest serve The pianist in addition to the regular the most" and "Help Somebody To- music should be able instantly to strike day," for the song. Both were used up a chorus or verse of a song, or at every session. The Boy Scout march as the leader requires. Tardi- Pledge-"Do a good turn for some- ness, fussiness, fumbling for music body everyday" was kept before them, are absolutely not to be tolerated. especially stressing kindness to for- These are a few of the things that eigners-in cultivating World Friendship. The song was used in many • Can be obtained in any missionary bureau ways-antiphonally, girls humming or Sunday-School supply house.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

enable us to do all things "decently and their denominational territory and stations traced. A sand map may be and in order." used with more profit by juniors than Genera.l Suggestions by smaller children. One denomination To introduce the study, if you have had ten stations on the Congo. The not already used it, especially for the juniors made a fine map on a large younger juniors, give Margaret Ap- inclined sand table. The Congo was plegarth's story, "The Artist Who For- very plain and the ten stations, each as got Four Colors," showing toward a mound, was placed along its banks. the close the large, beautifully colored The hl:lrd names had been printed, Copping picture, "The Hope of the read and learned. After the second World" (60 cents). Call especial at- lesson the junior song that year,' tention to the African boy in the pic- "Send the Light" was sung and five ture and sing quietly, "Black and Yel- girls and five boys marched about the low, Red and White, they are precious sand map, placed a small lighted canin his sight," or (if familiar) the dle on each station, naming the station. song verse used in the story. Turns were taken till all had the op- Maps: For the Junior Map Study. portunity and a circle was formed The map of Africa resembles the hu- and simple sentence prayers were man ear. Have on a good sized black- made, asking God to indeed "Send the board, a well drawn ear. (Call on an Light" and let them be Light-Bearers, artist friend if necessary.) Draw through their prayers and gifts. The faintly through the ear the true out- iIIuminated map was a success and line of the map. After you have in- sixty-five boys and girls could name troduced your study of the Dark Con- and locate their denominational mistinent (asking questions as to why it sion stations. A similar plan could is so called and receiving information be used for "Camp Fires on the Con- as to new ways to lighten it-(air- go."

planes, steamers, radio, tourists, etc), For notebooks that year, the teachwhile still talking, trace the faint map er cut small (about four by six inches) outline with chalk that has been soaked maps of Africa out of black paper.

a full hour in sweet milk. The damp The group used these as patterns in line dries almost instantly and with cutting the white filling sheets. One two or three bold strokes the ear is page or sheet was filled each study erased and presto! Magic! the real period and when completed a special map remains. This map may be used hour was given to tying or clamping again and again or washed off if black- them together, an informal "palaver,"

boards are limited. and simple refreshments.

A large map of Africa may be drawn ViUages. Next to a map, a village or cut, with David Livingstone's pic- is of most interest and importance.

ture in center. A few lines represent- Homemade villages are enjoyed most ing a heart may be drawn about the but one can purchase for fifty cents head, recalling that Livingstone's the Bradley Cut-outs for either Alaska heart is buried in Africa. Tell the or an African village and fill in with story and give his motto-"Anywhere, other things. For instance, make first provided it be forward." [A good a heathen village-letting the juniors map of Africa may be purchased for do most or all of it. Ask some one $.45. A small packet of pictures ($.15) to point out the schoolhouse, kinder- comes with this if desired. These are garten, hospital, church, etc. None to be colored and placed on map as of these things can be located. Tell story progresses.] A product map why. Then after a missionary arrives, may easily be made-Juniors love this. these are all added in succession with One of plasticene or flour and salt, the suitable small flags. Tell interest- colored or not. Individual maps ($.25 ing stories or incidents while this is a dozen) may be given the children being done, showing what education

and evangelization has meant. In steamship folders which may be cut case of hospital and Red Cross work, and suitably arranged for each two give the medical mission part of your lines of the hymn. For those west of study. Children will eagerly impro- the Rockies, Alaska folders are readily vise a clinic. "Peep-boxes" and trans- available. "We've a Story to Tell to parencies may be made for individual the Nations," "In Christ There is no villages. East or West" and very many hymns Flags. For atmosphere, strings of lend themselves readily to dramatiza- flags of all nations may be used for tion. The boys and girls will quickly platform decoration. The 'United suggest ways of doing this.

States and Christian flags should al- Dramatizations.' These may be ways be on the platform. Give the "made up" or purchased. The more story M the Christian flag and the impromptu or original they are for salutes and pledges of allegiance. this type of work, the more value.

Every boy and girl will doubtless know Dramatize a crude African school, these. They never tire of their use. with its cartons (saved by the mis- Sing "America the Beautiful," "Your sionaries) for desks, broken slates, a F,lag and My Flag," "Fling Out the pencil broken in thirds, a few torn Banner," "Onward Christia!l Sol- books, etc. This is a true picture < diers," in' this connection. Put a given recently by a returned mission- Christian flag on a hill just outside ary. The children would naturally of your sand board map or village, suggest sending books, tablets or relating how the natives who do not slates, crayolas, pencils, etc. Perhaps know the days of the week look for as leader you have had this in mind it and when they see it, instantly drop from the first. Some such expression all work and go to the church. A should always follow the presentation.

small Christian flag may be made of Psychologists tell us that when we the three colors in muslin, (perhaps create a desire or a good impulse in having the pieces and red cross cut the child and give him no outlet to in advance). These are mucilaged to- express it, we do him a moral injury.

gether and the flag pasted around a The boys could have a Palaver small skewer and stuck in good sized House and Palaver-African style.

button mold. This is very substan- They might discuss the white man .and tial for sand board and village work. his ways, the missionary and changes Mu.~ic. To replace the silly street wrought in their village. The witch and jazz songs with fine music is our doctor might come in and deplore his privilege and duty. What an oppor- loss of power because of the white tunity in missionary hymns! Heroes! doctor. Surprise awaits a leader who Rhythm! Challenge! All so appealing. has never tried this. Impersonations Only three suggestions; memorize, il- of missionaries and explorers; mono- lustrate, dramatize. This is the golden logues, dialogues, debates, all are good.

memory period. Select a few good Avoid mere talking. Juniors want ac- hymns. Taboo all jazz and silly Bongs. tion. Remember the injunction: Juniors love the great hymns of the "Avoid repression, do not attempt too church. This has been tested many much impression, and remember that times. For your hymn illustration, we grow by expression."

first give the story of the hymn. There Pictures.' Again pictures! "An are several inexpensive books on ounce of picture is worth a ton of hymnology. Because of "Africa's talk." Gather from all sources, pro- Sunny Fountain," you may still like, vided they are good pictures. Two "From Greenland's Icy Mountains." picture sheets on Africa ($.25 each) It is easy to secure the story of Regi- are provided. Packets of smaller pic- nald Heber's writing this hymn. Easy tures. Magazines, from the National to illustrate because of the numerous Geographic to Saturday Evening Post, beautiful advertisements, railroad and provide wonderful covers and pictures

for posters and notebooks. Even the envelopes. This keeps the girls busy daily papers often have African pic- and happy. Even fashion sheets and tures. Let the boys talk of "Big catalogs furnish wonderful material Game" and Roosevelt's party and turn for enterprising lads and lasses.

it to what we are hunting. Wonder- One last, large DON'T. Avoid ful posters! A poster contest is al- dwelling on the grotesque, crude and lowable ; posters advertising the uncanny customs of the African life meeting; a large picture of Living- and people. Do not make too sharp stone or some noted missionary or ex- contrasts between blacks and whites plorer on an easel with "Guess Who" tending to create the superiority com- underneath. Fine steroptican slides, plex in Junior boys and girls. This even "movies" are available. Postcards is a barrier to world friendship. It and your own Baloptican. The writer was a puzzled South African who said saw a junior boy give in this way the to a missionary who had constantly Livingstone family sitting room-the preached, "We are all God's children,"

father, mother and son grouped in "But is God himself not white?" Be- the early dawn before David was leav- fore the perturbed missionary could ing. The father handed the son the reply the African ventured, "Perhaps Bible for the final family prayers. we brown people are his step children."

David read the 121st Psalm which is called the "Livingstone Psalm" to this SOME METHODS FOR ADULTS day. Space forbids many other help- By MRS. J. B. LIPPARD, Philadelphia, Pa. ful suggestions. There is a game, Making Attendance Possible "Across Africa With Livingstone."

Many simple ones may be devised. Another pastor's wife, on entering Books and Stories: Of Livingstone, a new field, found a sad little group Mary Siessor and many other heroes comprising the Women's Missionary and heroines, there are books and Society. The majority of the church stories without number. Write your members did not even know of the denominational Board and Literature existence of the organization. She at Bureaus. An excellent reading con- once altered the wording of the brief test is provided for the Crusaders and monotonous announcement made (Baptist Juniors), perhaps others. from the pulpit. "The meeting of the This is the reading craze age. Get Women's Missionary Society will be these lists, have traveling libraries, held next Tuesday. Every member is consult the juvenile librarian in your requested to be present," was changed public library. Keep a record of books to read, "Every woman in the congreread; have a book review by a boy gation is requested to be present," or girl. One Junior group dramatized and attractive posters were hung in an entire Home Mission study book in the vestibule. Later one was put in one evening. the Bible classroom, then in the For Your Encouragement! Often ladies' rest room and lastly a larger the smaller schools and churches do poster was hung in the nursery. the best work. Out of most meager Mothers could not well bring their equipment, marvelous handwork has babies to the missionary meeting, so been evolved. Save everything. Your she found one or two capable young African call drums may be finely made women willing to offer their services out of pasteboard mailing tubes (for for the hour. A poster of a smiling the boys). The slips of heavy paper young nurse amusing a child anin your shredded wheat boxes are just nounced (again in the nursery) that the right weight for cutting figures babies would be cared for during mis- (children, men and women, nurses, sionary meeting. In another society etc.) for Alaskan and African villages. the mothers themselves took turns Color as desired, dress up with the caring for the babies in their own bright linings saved from Christmas homes during this hour.

One church finds it best to hold the one from the bag. On opening it she Junior Missionary Meeting at the wa,s asked to tell what it was, from same time as the women's meeting. what country it came and how it was While the boys and girls are absorbed used. If the objects have recently in their program in one part of the been studied about in the programs church, the mothers are within call, this is easy and interesting, but if not, free to enjoy their meeting. a short description of the object may be written and attached to it, to be Another church has begun to hold read by the holder. its meeting in the morning on Thursday, an off-day with most housewives, A portrait gallery is another pleaseach bringing a box lunch and staying ant surprise. Picture frames and for the sewing guild in the afternoon. cardboard with the names of mission- They can be home, after two meetings, aries written inside or on the back by the time the children return from may be handed about and the holder school. asked to tell all she knows of the per- son. Or the missionary and her work A Good Program may be described on the frame, and the holder asked to name her. Mis- Posters, personal invitations, tele- sionary puzzles may be played by pilphone calls, even offers of automobile ing photographs of missionaries on rides to and from the meeting will all the table, their names forming anfail if the' program is uninteresting other jumbled pile. Each member is or if the sympathies of those attend- asked to match as many names and ing are not aroused for the cause. pictures as possible. Photographs of Amusement alone will fail. A theatri- mission institutions, hospitals, schools, cal entertainment, good music and churches, etc., may be used in the even food will pall soon. We are same way. sated with such attractions in this day. Hearts and sympathies must be A pleasant surprise is the introductouched, needs made known, condi- tion of a real missionary or some one tions described, our own responsibility who had lately toured one of the fields, emphasized. In other words informa- to give a brief talk or to answer question is absolutely essential to inspira- tions. tion. A song of some foreign country Pictures, letters from the field, en- well and sympathetically rendered is counters with missionaries or better an effective surprise. still native Christians themselves, map and globe studies, curios and products Unfamiliar scripture verses, bearfrom mission lands – all these help ing vital missionary messages, or rebut they must all be presented in as lated to the program or objective of fresh and attractive a manner as pos- the meeting sometimes causes astonsible. ishment. "Is that really in the Bible?" "Did Christ say that?" are questions Surprises at Eaeh Meeting that lead naturally to more careful Bible study. One society, after using the regular programs prepared by its own board, A display of the fiags of foreign introduces a "surprise" at each meet- lands and an explanation of their ing. At the beginning of the year origin and meaning may form a unique when the officers are elected a Sur- feature. The story of the new rainprise Chairman for each meeting is bow fiag of China, the happy thought appointed. This gives ample time for of the Rising Sun of Japan, the sturdy preparation. One time a grab bag ap- bravery of the black men of Liberia peared. Objects from different coun- in adopting a fiag as much like that tries were wrapped in small parcels of America as possible all hold thrills and each woman was allowed to take and compelling interest.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK HAVE ANY BEEN OMITTEDt them to eat." The possibilities of In at least one denomination of our Christian ideals in the home of a Christian family it is the custom, child, with a book in its hands suitable after the Communion Service, to in- to its comprehension, cannot be over- quire: "Have any been omitted in the estimated. distribution of the Bread"? We are The Christian activities on the misreminded of the words of Dr. Wordsworth: "Verily if God has made the sion field make a glorious record. Behuman mind a thing demanding food side the primary foundation in the work of preaching the Gospel, is the and satisfied by its feeding, so does He provide for it daily bread worthy next pillar of the Temple, the estabof an arch angel." lishment of Christian education. They have established ninety-nine agricul- Yes, the heavenly manna comes to us in unfailing supply, not only in the tural establishments to help the peo- Book of all books, but in the rich pie secure more food for their bodies' treasures poured forth from thousands sixty-eight homes for lepers ministe; of consecrated pens in volumes of to the suffering of the most loathsome fragrant devotion; in critical illumi- sort, while millions of treatments are nation of the truths of the Book; in given in mission hospitals. From the parable in daily life; in the report of beginning the missionary has been a great service; with the tingling mov- translator. Have not doctors of Diing beauty of the poet; all this for vinity translated works of theology our feasting and for our nourishment and philosophy into the vernacularsand for our growth until the board but "the little child in the midst" has he been omitted in the distribution of groans before us with these gifts of the Bread? God for our mental growth and spir- To remedy this lack the Committee itual nourishment. on Christian Literature for Women We may well question: "Have any and Children on Mission Fields has been omitted in the distribution of been specializing in pUblications the Bread?" The answer comes suited for the mental capacity of the clearly – not only those outside of woman in the home and the little child. Christian nurture but many among The Master Himself who taught His those who bear the name of Christ great truths in parable form must and who seek to follow His steps, yet surely smile on the efforts of the misare so weak that their mental and sionary who takes time from her busy spiritual growth is retarded for lack tasks to write a story for little chilof this daily bread. Among all of dren which will illustrate some phase these we put the women and the chil- of Christian living, or who translates dren first-the gentle mothers in mis- a book with a high motive, who edits sion lands, where, surrounded by false a magazine with pictures and puzzles ideals and low moral standards, they and contests for the older child, a find nothing fit for their children to magazine which has a foundation of read. The evil one is busy supplying Christian truth but which gives the unwholesome bread for these who are material in form so attractive that the coming out of illiteracy and ignorance, cheap harmful competition of unliterature which is wasteful or harm- righteous books is more than met.

ful and poisonous. We must hear the Does one consider a cook book a Master's voice more clearly, "Give ye Christian document? It may well be 1003

when a missionary in Japan writes but rich and poor, officials and soldiers the American recipes which are in devour them. until they are worn to such demand, but leaves out all calls tatters. We can with confidence claim for wine and brandy which abound in that almost one million are reached the ordinary book on American cook- with this distribution of the Bread of ing. China, too, wishes to learn for- Life. Oh for an endowment to reach eign cookery. Who is to supply the the 99,000,000 beyond! The resources book which includes only the in- of this magazine are limited, and this gredients that will be wholesome 1 Committee has been able to give only Pandita Ramabai, that distinguished $1,200 this year, which worked out Indian Christian woman, published a per capita would make the cost for cook book, having opposite each recipe each child one half of one per cent. It a Bible verse and reference. How is like the miracle of the loaves and far its influence went we cannot tell, fishes. but we know that three Brahman The very name of India carries with AN ILLUSTRA'l'ION OF THE SOWER it the thought of Oriental splendor. The mines of Golconda; the rubies families were won by the Christian and pearls of the royal carpet; the message on its pages. romantic history of the Kohinoor; the magnificence of the Durbars all com- It is pitiful to see the trash which bine to make the child of India love is flooding Japanese bookshops when its gems and jewels, and dream of there is so little reading matter that their magnificence even in the humis attractive and pure for the thou- blest village street. What then more sands of factory girls. We see how appropriate for the name of a magathe story of "Pollyanna," translated zine for young people than The Treasby a Japanese girl, while laid aside ure Chest-which brings out monthly from active duties by illness, can be the choicest stories of Indian lore, the a real tonic in conditions like these. lives of heroes and prophets of Hindu- stan, the gems of its ancient litera- "Have any been omitted1" There ture,. the joy of service, and above all are said to be one hundred million the glory of the King of kings. Small children of school age in China! For wonder is it that The Treasure Chest them we have begun the distribution is subscribed for by people of interof bread. Today 95,000 copies of our national note. Rabindranath Tagore little magazine, Happy Childhood, go has been a subscriber since the beginout into the provinces of China, and ning and has written a poem for its not only the boys and girls read them pages; the Begum of Bhopal, that highly honored Mohammedan Queen, takes it for her granddaughters, beautiful lively young girls of the new age of India. A Brahmo Samaj school subscribes for twenty-five copies, while mission schools rely on it for supplementary work.

The writer had the privilege at the Triennial Conference of Woman's Boards held in Philadelphia in 1912 to propose that we enter upon the publication work and use the syndi- cate idea to spread the work. It is wonderful how this idea of having a syndicated form of magazine pub- lished in several of the vernaculars is spreading. Editions of The Treasure

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Chest appear in Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, night from hostility to friendship with and others in Hindi and Gujerati are the United States. The message carjust issued. ried by The Friend of Youth magazine may well prove another potent force Reverently God has been mar- which will bind the hearts of the next velously opening a way for this work. generation on this side of the world Take the question of the need of the with a loyalty to America which will Turkish people. The magazine which not be Latin nor Anglo-Saxon but we have begun to publish in Constan- Christian. tinople comes at a time when the Turks are waking up in marvelous Zorhut says: "The extent of a fashion. The abolition of the face palace is measured from east to west veil, the adoption of western headgear or from north to south, but that of a for the men in place of the traditional literary work from the earth to fez, the sanctioning of the Christian heaven." The aim of this Committee calendar are all indications of a new is indeed to build character which spirit, and now, most marv~lous of all, shall mount from earth to heaven. comes the proclamation of the substitution of the Roman alphabet for CLEMENTINA BUTLER. Arabic characters, with the promise of the head of their people that in AN ILLUSTRATION l<~ROM "HAPPY CHILD· two years simplified lettering will be HOOD" used throughout all of Turkey! Next ]4ary Craig Peacock to the simplification of the Chinese ideographs comes this opportunity October 23, 1928, marked the passfor a wider education to those who ing of a radiant personality, the homehave been hindered in the past by the going of Miss Mary Craig Peacock. immense task of mastering the very rudiments of an education. Into this Miss Peacock's home was in Torsituation the Committee on Christian resdale, Pa. She has been chairman Literature for Women and Children of the Wilson College Conference have entered with a magazine for since its inception, chairman of comwomen and children to be published mittees on both the Council of Women in Constantinople which bids fair to for Home Missions and the Federameet an immediate demand for some- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign thing to read, the cry of the children Missions. the world over and something in the new alphabet. In every avenue of life she has re- flected the spirit of the Christ she One thousand dollars a year is re- served and the abundant life He came quired to put this magazine on its to bring. feet and a wonderful investment in international friendship can be established.

The latest activity of the committee is helping a magazine for young people, The Friend of Youth, published in South America but having subscribers in Cuba, Mexico and Spain as well as in many of the Latin American Republics. Can there be any better gift of friendship with the Latin American peoples than this international friend?

Lindbergh flew with a message of good will to Mexico and the attitude of the Mexican people changed over EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK Any man who has a religion is bound to do one of two things with it CHANGE IT-or SPREAD IT If it isn't true-he must give it up If it is true -he must give it away.

-Robert E. Speer.

FEDERATED STUDENT COMMITTEE 2. Council of Women for Home Mis- sions-Committee on Student Work. History and Summary of Work 1921-1928 3. Council of Church Boards of Ed~­ cation-the women members of the Um- '1'he Federated Student Committee has fUlle~ versity Committee. tioned very successfully as a clearing hOUSf> for representaqves of mis~ionary boards and 4. Young Women's Christian Associaother religious agencies whlch approach ~omen tion-Student Department of the Nastudents. The following B.ummary wIll an- tional Board. swer the numerous inquirIes that are re~ ceived from time to time in regard to its 5. Student Volunteer Movement–the compcrsition and activiUes.-EDITOR. women representatives of the Movement.

The Federated Student Committee 6. Student Fellowship for Christian is an informal group for consultation Life-Service – the women representa- tives. (This group no longer sends and cooperation in religious work representatives to the meetings.) among women students. Such women student secretaries of 1. Beginning-An invitation from denominational boards as may possi- bly not be included under 1 and 2, the Committee on Student Work of may also be members of the committee. the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions to the Council The executive secretaries of the of Women for Home Missions to send Federation of Woman's Boards of representatives to attend a joint meet- Foreign Missions, of the Council of ing. Such joint meetings were held Women for Home Missions, of the for a year or so. Later, the Council Cooperating Committee for the Womformed the women members of the en's Union Christian Colleges in Forthen-existing Committee on Recruit- eign Fields, of the Committee on Miing into a Committee on Student grant Work and of Religious Work for Work. Representatives of the other Indian Schools are members of the agencies cited below were soon invited committee. to the meetings. The Federated Student Committee met for the first time Notices and minutes are sent to all on January 25, 1921. members of the committee and min- utes to the secretaries of the Council II. Meetings-Held three times a of Church Boards of Education, and year-September, January and May. to such denominational secretaries of Boards of Education as may express III. Constituent Bodies-The fol- a desire for them. lowing are the constituent bodies which make up the Federated Student Any member of the committee is Committee. The channel or depart- free to invite any appropriate person ment through which the cooperation to a meeting of the committee as a operates is indicated. guest.

1. Federation of Woman's Boar~s of IV. Fina;nces – Each constituent Foreign Missions of North Amerlca- body is asked to pay ten dollars a Student Committee.

1006 year to cover expense of notices and VI. Future Theme minutes. The calendar year is the January-Problems in c h u r c h fiscal year. work, government and policy which V. Work Accomplished particularly affect women in the work 1. Cooperation of Church Board of the Church.

representatives with Y. W. C. A. stu- WHY A CHRISTIAN WOMAN dent conferences through SHOULD BE INTERESTED IN CIVICS (a) Preliminary letter of sugges- By MARGARET TUSTIN O'HARRA tions to every Church Board representative attending such conferences. 1. In order to find out "How Democracy Works Out as an American Experi- (b) Findings of these Church Board representatives concerning con- ment." ferences attended are a basis of discussion and planning for future 2. Because she lives in a land where conferences. home-making is an art. 2. Endorsement of Union Christian 3. Because by so doing she helps to de- velop a higher social order and a bet- ter public spirit. .

College Campaign in 1921 (with co- 4. She should be interested in developing operation of Y. W. C. A.) to help se- people who practice citizenship autocure Laura Spelman Rockefeller gift. This cause has been promoted con- matically. 5. Because she will be helping to de- velop a thinking group, working to- tinuously since then. gether for better homes, better 3. Endorsement of the work among schools, better streets, pure foods, better industrial conditions, play- Farm and Cannery Migrants (now grounds, better recreational opporentitled Migrant Work) done by de- tunities, including moving pictures, nominational boards through the and everything for the betterment of Council of Women for Home Missions. childhood. 4. Promotion of Church Team vis- 6. Because it develops higher moral its. standards, which always lead to 5. Study of giving among students. deeper religious and spiritual feel- ings.

Much time was spent on this study 7. Because the political life of the and considerable research work was United States affects world relationdone. While many interesting facts ships, and therefore affects the progwere brought forth, it was found that ress of Christianity.

definite information was difficult to WHAT WE NEED AND DO NOT obtain. NEED 6. Extensive research work was Standing beside the grave of the done through the Rural Department Unknown Soldier President Coolidge of the Y. W. C. A. on students in said: rural communities and much inter- We do not need more national develesting data was made available. opment; 7. Recent meetings have been de- We need more spiritual development.

voted to the study and discussion of We do not need more intellectual powvarious student problems, such as er; (a) Recruiting for the foreign We need more spiritual power.

mission field. We do not need more knowledge; (b) Elements in the present-day We need more character.

appeal of foreign missions which are especially interesting to students. VVe do not need more government: (c) The religion of the present-day We need more culture.

student. We do not need more law; Cd) What the Church means to my VVe need more religion.

generation.

Ce) The Church we face and its We do not need more of the things that are seen; problems. Discussion based on a num- VVe need more of the things that are ber of papers by students. unseen.

ORLD-WiDE

.NORTH AMERICA opportunity of getting on the air for a similar purpose, though it has more An Inter-Racial Experbnent in mind the removal of ignorance as to just what modern Judaism is. THE November issue of the Meth- Hence every Wednesday evening one odist World Service News, de- may hear through WEAF representascribed the experience of Dr. Oxnam, tives of every wing of Jewish faith, now President of DePauw University, Orthodox, Reformed and Conservawhen he was in charge of "The Church tives in all their variations. Chrisof All Nations" in Los Angeles. His tians will find it a convenient means success in obliterating racial lines and of getting a synagogue service at its fostering brotherhood was marked. very best, since unusual efforts have Here are two samples. The Buddhists been made to maintain a high standof that cit,y. had erected a temple. ard in these presentations. Through friendly relations with the Japanese, Dr. Oxnam was invited to deliver the address on Buddha's birth- Results of Indian Missions day. "We met in the temple," he says, "and I sat with the Japanese consul, I N THE Problems of Indian Adminwatched the eager folk who listened istration, the report of a survey to the ritual and the ringing of the made at the request of Secretary Work numerous bells, and deeply appreciated of the Department of the Interior, an the courteous attention they gave to interesting distinction is made bethe address delivered by one who was tween the long-time and the shorta 'foreigner' to them. Then I re- time view of missionaries. The turned home to tell my people about investigators feel that many missionit." And again he writes: "A Japa- aries are inclined to measure things nese child was run over on Seventh by what can be done in their own life- Street. I called and brought a bou- time of service and that, therefore, quet. With all the courtesy of the they are more easily discouraged.

Sunrise Kingdom, the little mother ac- Our Indian work has been very for- cepted the gift. The father was pro- fuse in his appreciation, and the tunate in the fact that all the early loyalty of both since that hour has missionaries to the Dakotas have tak- been inspiring." Of his helpers in en the long-time view. Today, when . that church, he says: "We sought to the second and third generation is employ only those as staff members growing up, we are reaping the fruit who loved people in addition to neces- sary qualifications. It had to be a of their consecrated work; but we in love that leaped across racial bar- turn must also have faith enough to riers." believe that those coming after us will reap the harvest growing out of the Broadcasting Judaism seed which we are sowing.-Rev. Ru- dolf Hertz, Missionary of the Ameri- can Missionary Association.

I N BROADCASTING Roman Ca- tholicism, Protestant denomina- Mormonism Today tions, Christian Science for the propa- DEW people realize the seriousness gation of their forms of faith, The .l' of the Mormon situation in Amer- United Synagogue of America sees its ica. The Utah Gospel Mission to the 1008 Mormons in its quarterly, Light on America is an organized body of Jew- Mormonism, gives ten outstanding ish men and women who believe Jesus great facts about Mormonism: Christ to be their Lord and Saviour, the promised Messiah of Israel accord- 1. There are now over 600,000 Mor- ing to the Scriptures. The Hebrew mons, of the two main kinds-both Christian Alliance stands for a brothdangerous. erhood of a twice-exiled people. First, because we are a part of homeless 2. About 142,000 square miles of Israel, wandering among the Gentiles; territory are dominated by Utah Mor- and, second, because our attachment monism, besides manY smaller centers to Christ Jesus-the stone rejected by elsewhere, into which they spread. the Jewish builders-has made us re- jected stones also. Our nation has 3. Utah Mormonism has over 2,000 cast us off. emissaries out proselyting, organized with officers in eleven districts of Its membership includes Hebrew America and several abroad. Christians of all denominations and an international organization has been 4. These emissaries teach untrue formed with which nineteen national doctrines, contrary to the Bible and organizations have affiliated. reason, and dangerous in their effects. Traditionally the Jews believe 5. They get approximately 10,000 Christianity to be an idolatrous reproselytes from nominal church mem- ligion, anti-semitic in its spirit and bers yearly. history. But the members of the He- brew Christian Alliance, a visible and 6. Mormonism has doubled in twen- tangible body of believers in Christ, ty-five years; largely because we have demonstrate that Christianity is mononot taken care of our own people. theistic and has its roots in Messianic Judaism: that Jesus is the promised 7. The real cure is teaching the Jewish Messiah, according to the Mormon people the true Gospel and Scriptures. When Jews find the mem- Bible in place of their system of bers of their own race believe these errors; and warning everybody intel- things and are lovers of their people, ligently about Mormonism. they (the unconverted Jews) are in- fluenced and encouraged to examine 8. Mormons are trained against at- for themselves the claims of Christ. tending Christian church services, and Many Jews are, as Nicodemus of old, cannot be evangelized by ordinary secret searchers and some even secret methods, as has been proven by sixty believers; and when they hear of the years of such effort. Alliance of Hebrew Christians they are encouraged to make an open con- 9. Hence the necessity of a travel- fession of their faith in Christ. These ing work, like the Utah Gospel Mis- are encouraged to join the Alliance sion, taking the message to the homes for active service. by voice and print, with every detail specially adapted to the peculiar need. Feathers and Paint-the Gospel 10. In spite of apathy and other THE Presbyterian Survey for Nogreat hindrances, the results of this vember has as a title, "Take Our work have come, to Jan. 1, 1928: 400,- Feathers and Paint, but Give Us the 000 at meetings, over 400,000 house- Gospel." Its author reminds us that to-house calls, 34,000,000 pages of work for the Indians was the first Gospel print used, 32,000 Bibles sold Presbyterian mission work, before the and given, etc. Probably nine-tenths division into Northern and Southern of the work done was in homes other- branches. The present Southern wise unreached and unreachable by Presbyterian work for them is for other methods. two tribes. This home mission work Hebrew Christian Alliance ASCHOOL of missions was held by this Alliance during the summer at Winona Lake.

The Hebrew Christian Alliance of 5

has been worth while. Oklahoma is LATIN AMERICA its main center and the original Presbytery has grown into two more. Mexican Catholic Petition Though it is commonly believed that the Indian is a dying race, those in T HE controversy that has set the Oklahoma are not dying out. Gov- Roman Catholic church in Mexico ernment statistics show that one in opposition to the government seems tribe, the Choctaws, e. g., have in- to be on the way to solution. A peticreased 1,200 when the total is about tion bearing nearly two million sig- 28,000. One of their number says: natures, presented to the Mexican "We have lawyers, doctors, merchants congress by Catholics, outlines a and bankers among us. There are a program for changes in the Mexican number of us in the Congress of the constitution and in the laws regulat- United States, and a number occupy ing religion which, if carried into efother places of prominence. We have fect, will satisfy the church. The the benefits of Christian civilization demands of the Catholic petition are and will be here for years to come." three: Lost in Alaska. "Recognition of the existence of dif- ferent religious bodies, faiths, and HERE is a 'Picture of Alaskan life. creeds; recognition of the separation An Eskimo boy started out last of church and state and interdepend- November to get willows, but it ence of both; and no legislation by snowed hard that day. His dogs spied the state in church affairs." some reindeer, made after them and finally got away from him. In his General statements such as these efforts to catch them, he went farther require careful definition, the state and farther from home. When he de- can regard it as clear victory to find cided to give up the chase he had only that the church is ready to renounce a hazy idea as to where he was. He these long-claimed privileges: the walked over the tundra until night right to the direction of education, overtook him, when he happened upon including the national schools; gova patch of willows where he camped ernment aid in the enforcement of over night. Fortunately he grasped vows taken in the religious orders; his ax before the dogs escaped and subventions by the state for the aid with it he chopped wood for a fire. He of Catholic schools; rights to hold had three matches in his pocket and property and conduct industries (rewith the second one he lighted a fire serving only the right to possess such which he kept going through the property as is absolutely necessary for night and so did not freeze. His carrying on the affairs of the church) ; mother and the neighbors sought for and recognition of Roman Catholicism him that night in vain. Near noon as the state religion. If the Catholic the next day they brought him in on Church will give up these claims, and a sledge, as he was six miles from if it will consent to a regime in which home and almost exhausted. When all religious bodies stand equal before asked whether he was not very much the law, it may find a basis under frightened during the night, he re- which it will be free to carryon its plied, "No," for when he prayed he activities, received the assurance that all was well. Many similar cases of hard- King of a Haitian Isle ships and real danger are told of the Christians in going to Christmas-eve THE lIe de Gonave, lying off Haiti, meetings and other festivals, when has a population of some 10,000, clothes are frozen stiff upon them, all of them Negroes descended from while ears and toes are also frozen. the first slaves brought over by the Spanish. They are little removed from the state of savagery of their ancestors, with the voodoo cult their main religion. An enlisted man of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

our Marine Corps, Faustin Wirkus, An Argentina Problem was stationed there a few years ago and for two years was the only white A REPORT on the steady increase man on the Island. He did for the in the population of Argentina people all that he could as an enlisted and of the high civilization in the officer, and when they saw that he greater part of the country concludes sought only their welfare, they elected that "civilization does not spell chris- him as their king, and address him as tianization, nor even evangelization. "Your Majesty." The office of king Some of the worst evils are winked at carries with it that of high priest of by modern civilization and some of the the voodoo cult. A mission had been worst sins and vices are fostered and started previous to his coming, but fondled in its lap. had been abandoned. King Faustin I was instrumental in the return of a "Perhaps the most pressing need in white missionary, and the natives are Argentina from our evangelical stand- being converted to Christianity rap- point, is the thorough evangelization idly. While everything is primitive of the rural sections. Though much with no modern machinery, King remains to be done in the city and Faustin has been content to remain town areas, much is being done, and there because of the success attend- the churches established in them must ing his efforts to help the Negroes. be trusted and encouraged to launch In a sense he is a missionary King.- out boldly in reaching their immediate Christian Endeavor World. neighbors. But the great problem is how to reach the farmers and the A Barber Evangelist workmen scattered over the country districts. History proves that in Ca- REV. R. R. GREGORY, secretary of nada, Australia, New Zealand and the the Caribbean Agency of the United States, the cities have drawn American Bible Society, writes of a on the rural districts for the powerful new group of believers at Supia, Co- men and women to tell them how to lombia, a town in a mountain region live. These great men and women practically isolated from the outside were cradled in the Christian homes, world. He says: Sunday schools, and churches of rural communities. Argentina still lacks, "Five years ago one of our colpor- to a large extent, this vital contributeurs, in company with a missionary, tion to its national life. In most counvisited the place. Several Bibles were try districts scores of its young sold, and an acquaintance was made manhood spend their Sundays at the with a number of very friendly people, country saloons, drinking, horse racincluding a barber who was a regular ing, gambling, and being polluted reader of El Mensaje Evangdico, pub- moraliy."-Neglected Continent. lished at Cali, in the southwestern part of Colombia. Later this barber EUROPE and his son visited Cali and Medellin, and bought not only Bibles and song Historic Methodist Conference books, but other evangelical literature. He also secured ten subscriptions to THE Conference at Liverpool last El Mensaje Evangelico. The reading summer assures the union of the of this paper stimulated Bible study. three Methodist bodies of Great Britain, and an Enabling Bill will be "The barber shop became a gospel introduced in the next session of center, and the barber and his son, Parliament. In addressing the Con- Emilio, became the expounders of the ference, Rev. E. A. French asserted Word of God. When Emilio married, that as a divided Methodism had the little group interested in the study stressed its differences, so a united of the Bible found a home open to them Methodism would stress its common and a more congenial place for their faith. A united Methodism would discussions and Bible readings." help toward a more effective evan-

gelism. Sir Robert Perks, in second- M. Barsoumian, an Armenian pasing the union resolution, said that he tor, works among his countrymen at earnestly believed that the result of Marseilles and holds meetings in a this union would be to set the coun- Salvation Army Hall loaned for the try on fire again, and bring such a purpose. The average attendance is season of spiritual prosperity that about one hundred, and a church is they would forget the differences that being organized.-The Bible in the have separated them in recent years. World. In the presidential address, Dr. Lightley said: "When all reservations German Missions Progress have been made it will be conceded by all that there is nothing quite as im- T HE Leipzig Missionary Society portant as this question of religious reports a very satisfactory year, experience for us as a Christian com- having been able to reestablish work munity. Whatever of distinction may in its former fields in Africa and have been won by us in the religious India. The Director, Dr. Ihmels, world for generosity, organization, visited both fields and returned with preaching power, or social service, our enthusiastic reports about the progoutstanding contribution to the Chris- ress of the work. During the time tian Church as a whole has been our when German missionaries were not testimony that· this is the goal toward allowed in Africa, the work was cared all else must tend, and the final test for by the Augustana Synod of Amerof a Church's success." It was Wes- ica. Now both groups work in adley's new experience of the indwelling joining fields, the Americans taking Christ in the soul which set England Iramba (Arambo) and the Germans on fire at the birth of Methodism. the rest of the former territory near Without this there would have been the Kilimandjaro, Tanganyika. There no Wesley hymns as we know them, are now in the German fi,eld over and in simple truth no Methodism at 13,000 Christians and 2,248 inquirers. all. In one place, Madshame, Dr. Ihmels took part in the dedication of a church ArDlenians in France erected without aid from abroad- not only without financial help, but DOCTOR CHARLES SAROLEA, also without direction in the building Professor of French Literature operations. The example of this, nain the University of Edinburgh, makes tive congregation is being imitated by the statement that three million aliens others. The Leipzig missionaries are are residents in France. encouraging the natives to make the church truly indigenous, not only al- "Of these three million aliens," he lowing them to develop a native style says, "perhaps the saddest are the Ar- of architecture adapted to the African menians, of whom there are altogether landscape, but also fostering the about 60,000-20,000 of them in Paris adaption of everything typically and 12,000 in Marseilles. Most of African, not anti-Christian, to the life them arrived in France completely of the Africans who have become destitute, fresh from scenes of horror Christian. they can never forget. Sometimes only one or two members of a family In India, the Leipzig Mission is the managed to escape the Turkish mas- lineal descendant of the first Protessacre. In the Oddo camp at Marseilles, tant missions, begun under Ziegenbalg where 1,000 of these unfortunates live, and Pluetschau more than two huntheir conditions are sad in the ex- dred years ago. During the war, the treme. About twenty families live in Lutherans of Sweden nobly cared for each hut, and are only separated from the bereaved mission stations and each other by thin partitions of sack- eventually established the Tamil Evaning. gelical Lutheran Church. The Swed- ish Missionary Society restored to the

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Germans the real estate, schools and pari, Secretary of State, transmitted stations that belonged to them and the the Pope's blessing. This year they Germans ceded to the Tamil Church are urging that the Gospel be read at the church buildings and pastors' Mass both in Latin and in Italian. dwellings. The Leipzig Mission has reentered upon its wOIk with re- Russian CODlDlunistic Youth newed vigor, showing a rare adaptability to the present circumstances. ACCORDING to the Komsomolskaya They have now 25,938 Christians. Pravda, during the five years of The majority of the baptisms took this Youth Movement it has organized place in the Swedish part of the field. about 2,000,000, and has grown to be These Tamil Christians have con- an indispensable part of the Soviet tributed rupees 51,037 to self-support. social life and of the communistic edu- The theological seminary, which was cation of children. But there are always noted for its excellence, is 'difficulties in its path. The general maintained jointly by the Swedish aims for which the Communistic and the German societies. Party and the Komsomol are working must be made clear and dear to the Bible Reading for Italian Catholics children. They must be educated in a spirit of collectivism and social life. AMOVEMENT in Italy to make the The children have not yet forgotten Gospels known and read has, as a the old superstitions that their parents papal endorsement, an incident occur- have taught them. The older pioneers ring in 1903, quoted in The Christian must continue this work even among Irishman, from the Osservatore Cat- the adult population; of course they tolico of Milan. In 1903 the Pope must not use coarse measures, mockreceived a deputation from the St. ery, etc., in this work. What a con- Jerome Society for the Circulation of trast this, to American work for the Gospels, which asked for a bless- children and youth! ing upon their work. Pope Pius X granted their request, saying: "Will- AFRICA ingly do I bless it with my two hands and my whole heart, because I am cer- Cairo University Success tain that it is doing the greatest good, and has already been blessed by God. PROFESSOR J. A. ADDISON, who The more the Gospel is read, the more has been a recent lecturer at the is faith revived. The Gospel is a book American University at Cairo, states which is profitable for everyone and this objective in a recent article in for all things. I, who have lived The Cathedral Quarterly. "The Ameramong the people, know well what are ican University was founded to reach ~heir special wants and tastes. You and train Moslems, and especially seek to circulate the Gospel; it is well Moslems of the upper classes in whose done (Brovissimo!) . .. I bless the hands lie the immediate future of members of this Society and all who Egypt. Against all prophecies and devote themselves to a work so holy beyond all expectations, it has sucas the circulation of the Gospel." ceeded. For apparently not only does the University want Moslems but Now twenty-five years later, an as- Moslems want the University. Last tonishing movement among Italian year its numbers doubled, and of its Catholics is reported. A society has 315 students more than half were been formed among orthodox Roman Mohammedan." Catholics to promote the reading of the New Testament led by three clerics An "Ethiopian" Governor's Welcome of distinguished learning. The Society held a Congress last May which DR. LAMBIE, the United Presbyreceived regrets from nearly all the terian pioneer in Abyssinia, Italian Bishops, while Cardinal Gas- leader of the Sudan Interior Mission, has been invited into Southern Abys- sinia by the same Governor Beroo

who ten years ago invited him to come our evangelists walk eighteen, twenty as the first missionary to Western and twenty-two miles every day." Abyssinia. On arriving, worn out with their journey, they were driven A Gorilla C,hapel to prayer as to where to seek an abid- ing place. Soon this answer appeared. AS ONE enters the new brick chapel "A company of fine gentlemen, clothed t. at Elat, in the Cameroun Mission in spotless white, riding fine mules, foot-soldiers by the hundreds, and in of the American Presbyterian Church, the midst, on a magnificent mule, with one sees a new phase in evolution from silver and gold trappings, and sitting gorilla to spiritual man. When Mr. very straight and dignified, was Gov- Culbertson was visiting the mission ernor Beroo. We were going to get and went elephant hunting, he brought off our mules to salute him with' back a gorilla, a forest baby which proper courtesy, but he motioned to cried and clung to him, riding on his us not to do so, and gave us his right hip in true black baby fashion. When hand . . .. He came that afternoon he drove his motorcycle, the baby rode with a big company of men, and drank the spanker seat, his arms around his tea with us. He sent for us early the master's waist. On the arrival of the next morning. Up to this time I had American steamer, one day, Mr. Culnever said one word about our want- bertson sold the baby and with his ing to open a mission in Sidama sale price as a basis, built the much- Province. . .. He asked us how many needed chapel where now are held huts we wanted, and of what size, and morning prayers and mid-week meetwrote them down in his little book, ings and, on afternoons, a school for and said that they should be built …. those who want to learn to read God's God had touched his heart, and had Word.-The Drum Call. heard our prayers, and thus the way had been opened for this great prov- "Hartzell Hospital," Kru Coast ince to hear of the Glad Tidings of Salvation." REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, Methodist missionary on Kru Earnest African Evangelists Coast, Liberia, Africa, writes: "The Bishop directs us to start building WHAT gives the greatest joy to 'Hartzell Hospital' on this station Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Wentworth, (Nana Kru), not at some far distant of the Africa Inland Mission, is, they day, but now. Funds have been arsay, "to go to a service and take our ranged for by the sale of Hartzell seat with the congregation. To see Academy in Bassa to the government. and hear those young evangelists take This puts new life into all of us. The complete charge of a meeting is up- last month, therefore, proved to be a lifting. To hear them conduct the busy one. The farm received unremittestimony meeting, to listen to their ting attention. Much cleaning and remarks between the testimonies, now planting were done. The boys' kitchen, a word of exhortation, now a word of a mud and thatched building already encouragement, repeating this prom- tottering to its fall, was pulled down, ise and that promise; to hear them and on the site a two-room iron house plead with their relatives to accept the was built by our own students. The path to God's village, exposing the old smaller room forms the kitchen for the life with its fear, superstition and boys; the larger one a recreation and filth, and showing the profit of the study room, with tables and benches new life in Christ Jesus, is indeed and good lights. All hands are carrycause for praise. Four years ago we ing sand to the top of 'Hospital Hill' had but one out-school, today we have for the concrete mixing." Friends of ten. The Gospel is preached in these Bishop Hartzell and friends of the ten villages six days a week. Some of work in Liberia are planning to con- tribute to the funds for the new hos- pital through money sent in care of

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the Board of Foreign Missions, 150 of 10,000 marks, which constituted Fifth Avenue, New York.-Christian one third of the sum needed for the Advocate. erection of a mission station in Warn Pamu. Five men had to carry the "Captain of the Men of Death" gift, since it consisted of copper cur- rency! The king excused himself for T HIS title might rightly be claimed not giving the whole sum, saying he by sleeping sickness in Africa, but would have it ready when the misin recent years great progress has sionary came back! been made in its mastery. Physicians may be interested in this quotation Like others of his own race, the from a British medical periodical, king is inclined to drunkenness and where an English Baptist medical in his struggle against his sin, seeks missionary is referred to: the advice and help of the missionary. When the English representative was Perhaps the most brilliant work calling on the king, the latter was so on sleeping sickness has been the suc- drunk that he could not arise to pay cessful treatment of what was for- his respects to the representative of merly regarded as a fatal disease. the British government. The latter This has been due to the elaboration was so disgusted that he immediately of drugs which, when injected into drove away. This sobered the king the blood-stream, are fatal to the try- and he hastened to the house of the panosomes without at the same time missionary and implored him to use being lethal to man. An arsenical his good influence with the English compound known as atoxyl was first official to obtain the latter's pardon. found to be effective, but was super- At the same time he made a vow by seded in 1921 by the introduction by his fetishes to abstain totally from Miss Pearce of tryparsamide. The drink in the future. He has kept his most important work on this drug and vow for quite a long time, but he needs its action on the trypanosomes when the prayers of Christian people to they have invaded the brain and overcome his vice and to be led to central nervous system has undoubt- Christ. edly been done by Dr. Clement Chesterman, of the Baptist Missionary So- A "Heart of Africa" Daniel ciety at Yakusu, and his pioneer work in this direction is regarded as a SCARCELY less heartless than the standard among those who are de- story of Daniel's lion's den is this voted to a study of this subject. situation which confronted a "Heart From Dr. Chesterman's work we now of Africa" mission convert living have a sure indication, not only for under a cannibal chief. The convert, the dosage of the drug and the mode named Zebu, had become an evangelist of administration, but also for the and his abilities were so marked that mode of action and ultimate effect. his chief desired him to accept the headship of a subordinate tribe. This The King of Wam Pamn he declined, regarding it a greater privilege to preach the Gospel. Liv- THE Heidenbote (Basel) contributes ing near his superior, his praying an interesting note on its encour- angered the· head chief because he aging work in Asante, the generous held that his prayers broke the spell Christians in its field and the King of witchcraft ceremonies; so the chief Opong Yan in Warn Pamu, who is declared, "I'll thrash it out of him." friendly to the mission. A mission- Native flogging is on this wise. The ary, Schaefer, tells how the king car- victim is laid on the ground, face ried him a distance of over 200 kilo- downward, and one man holds his meters from one station to another in hands and a second his feet while the his own automobile. On leaving the cruel hippo thong descends on the missionary, he presented to him, as a quivering back. Zebu asked one favor, greeting to the Basel Mission, a gift

that hands and feet might be free. ber of Moslems who are performing "We'll see," said the chief grimly. "It their religious duties is decreasing bedepends on whether or not you can cause of the extreme formalism in prayer keep still." He lay unmoving to re- and worship. The educated people all ceive the stroke, but in the pause that over the Moslem world are finding it is customary after each lash he rose to impossible to perform all their religious his feet and cried: "Hallelujah! I duties. The only reason for such a situaccept it for Jesus' sake," and then ation is that we are bound too much to he lay down again. the exact performance of rituals. The aim of religion is to teach us principles. A Turkey Doctor's Rom.ance It is necessary to interpret these prin- ciples according to the times in which I N QUOTING a college president's we live. My sincere conviction is, that words to his students, "that if they if we want to revive the religious life chose to be missionaries, they must Df Moslems, we must put an end to leave romance behind and expect 90 these rites and ceremonies, we must per cent drudgery," Dr. Cyril Haas eliminate the bowings, prostrations, and standings in prayer, and make it consist rather of an inner humility.

comments thus: "Mission work 90 Work for Jews in Damascus A per cent drudgery and no romance! NEW building was dedicated re- cently to the service of God among With me this whole business has seemed like 90 per cent romance and the Jewish people of Damascus, Syria.

no drudgery.; the romance of fierce The work among Jews in the ancient struggle against daily difficulty; of city is carried on by the Presbyterian facing hazardous tasks and critical Church in Ireland, which sent its first adventures; of trying to play the missionary in 1846. In the early man, eager, alert, aware, in the daily years a good deal of pioneer work was round, in the common task; of trying done by Irish missionaries and also by to train to modern service an ancestral American United Presbyterians as brain, and 'to lift the weight of un- well as by Anglicans through the Lon- numbered years of dead men's habits, don Jews Society. Through an ar- methods and ideas.''' Then he quotes rangement for which none of the as his own Prof. James' words: "We present generation is responsible, must make new energies and hardi- work among Christians was taken up.

hoods continue the manliness to which The result was that the work among the military mind so clings. Martial Syrian Christians was emphasized virtues must be the enduring cement. at the expense of the work among the The martial type of character can be Jews. A few years ago the Presby- bred without war." terian Church in Ireland, recognizing its duty to Israel, decided to push its NEAR EAST Jewish work, and gradually withdrew To Modernize Islam from the work among Syrian Chris- AHMED SAHIB BEY, a notable tians. There are many witnesses .t. Moslem magistrate of Calcutta, among the so-called Christians of India, the founder and chairman of Syria; but it now is the only mission The Islam Educational Society, re- at work among the Jews in the whole cently paid a visit to Turkey. He was of French Syria.

traveling in Moslem lands in order to observe and investigate all the changes Jerusalem Y. M. C. A.

S and recent developments in the Mos- ECRETARY A. C. HARTE writes of the ceremony of laying the lem world, and write a book on the subject. He had already visited cornerstone of the new Y. M. C. A.: Egypt, Palestine and Syria. In an All the Oriental chur~hes were interview with one of the editors of represented, as well as the Protestant Vakut, a Turkish newspaper, he said: churches. The consular service was The aim of the Islam Educational well represented. The High Commissociety is to moderni:?:e Islam. The num- sioner, Field Marshall the Lord Plumer

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laid the cornerstone and gave the ad- found today as teachers in schools, dress emphasizing the need of the hospital nurses, workers in welfare spirit of brotherhood. The Syrian centers, weavers in carpet factories, Metropolitan read the Gospel in silk weavers, and in other walks of Aramaic, the language of Jesus. life. They take their share in evan- gelism, visiting the sick in both hos- A Leba.non Insane Retreat pitals and homes, and in their simple way they bear testimony to their T HE humane work of the Lebanon neighbors of the faith they hold." Hospital for the Insane is appreciated by Moslems, even though under An Opening Wedge into Afgha.nistan Christian missionary auspices. One reason for this may be seen in the T HE contract for the construction story told by its former medical super- and maintenance of all the railways intendent, Dr. Wolff. He describes a in Afghanistan has been awarded to great cavern, said to have been the a Berlin firm. Preliminary work hermitage of St. Anthony, who im- under the direction of German engiparted healing merit to the insane in neers will be undertaken shortly. his day. "There was one patient who Thus this "land of rocks and stones had been lying quite nake~ under a and sanguinary feuds" is evidencing huge stone, his feet and neck in iron the value of the Amir's 'European chains. For twelve days he had been visit.. "It is interesting to note," says confined in that position, in the fear- The United Presbyterian, "that alful darkness of this awful cave, the though Afghanistan has always been walls of which were running with icy closed to travel of Europeans, and parwater. No wonder that these wretched ticularly of missionaries, three Amervictims often breathe their last at this ican missionaries and an Indian were place." It was to prevent patients permitted to travel to Kabul this sumfrom being treated in this inhuman mer by private car without any special way that the Friends' Foreign Mis- difficulty. In view of the fact that sion Association established their our Punjab mission borders on Afunique institution on the slopes of ghanistan, this even may be of sig- Lebanon. nificance."

Christian Women in Persia INDIA AND SIAM ~~T HE segregation of sexes is very Gandhi and Indian Wom.en pronounced in Persia," writes I N AN article upon "Freedom of Rev. W. Wilson Cash, "and the Women in India," the famous Inrule of the veil is strictly observed dian sage says, of the seclusion and even among schoolgirls. Imagine, isolation of Indian womanhood: then, the change when women come forward for baptism, as many of them "We want the women of our provdo. Some are married women and ince to be as free to move about and undergo all kinds of persecution in take their legitimate part in the life their homes. The husbands disap- of the community in all particulars as prove of their change of faith, and their sisters in Karnatak, Maharashevery effort is made to induce them to tra, and Madras in an essentially Inrecant. The unmarried girls are dian way, avoiding all attempts of more fortunately situated, and are Europeanization; for while we hold able to find Christian husbands, thus that a change from enforced seclusion laying the foundations for Christian to a complete Anglicization would be homes. These women enter the life like dropping from frying-pan into of the church with all the zest of the fire, we feel that purdah must go, if men. They take their share in all that we want our women to develop along goes on, and fearlessly declaring them- Indian ideals. If we want them to selves to be Christians. They are add grace and beauty to our social life apd rajse its moral tone, if we want

them to be excellent managers at Christian. Mr. Perkins writes: "He home, helpful companions of their hus- is afraid that if he becomes a Chrisbands, and useful members of the com- tian, he will lose all his property, munity, then the purdah, as it now which consists of two villages. Nor exists, must go." is his wife willing to become a Chris- tian. The moment he is baptized, she British Commission for India will be divorced from him, according to Mohammedan law, and he will not I AST September this Commission be allowed to look upon her face. Even L started on its second visit to if she would consent to live with him India. Their task is to advise Parlia- after his baptism, Mohammedan law ment as to what changes it should would hold her as living in adultery. make in India's present form of gov- This makes work among Mohamernment. While the Legislative As- medan families very difficult. We do sembly (India's House of Commons) not wish to break up their families." voted to boycott the Commission on its first visit, it has now decided to Languages of India cooperate with the Commission. Seven of the nine provincial assemblies have ~~Al'[Q!'[UMENTAL work, recently also decided to work with the Com- completed, has two features of mission. As opposed to this friendly movement of India, the Home Rulers special interest to those concerned have prepared a report which would about the Bible being made available give Indians virtual independence. in all tongues. In his linguistic sur- vey of India, Sir George Grierson has Indian Outcastes and the Church listed 179 languages and 544 dialects in the Indian Empire, excluding the WITHIN the last forty years about Madras Presidency, the native states ninety per cent of the converts to of Hyderabad and Mysore and Burma Christianity have come from the out- [approximately one-fifth of India castes. When these, to the number of omitted]. For the purpose of comsome 3,000 a week, are gathered in by parison, the Parable of the Prodigal all denominations into the churches, Son was translated into all these lanit is obvious that the teaching and guages and dialects."-Bible Society pastoral care of these new Christians Record. must be of first importance in Indian mISSIOns. It also shows the tragedy A Living Advertisement of the Methodist appeal years ago for new workers, when they declared that PIECE of medical mission work 150,000 outcastes, desiring to enter A much appreciated by the villagers that Church, had to be refused because in and around Montgomerywala, Punthey had no adequate supply of mis- jab, India, is being run by. a worker sionaries to oversee this work. The of the Church Missionary Society. All Church Missionary Society's surveys sorts of ailments are treated at this show that in many districts, one little dispensary, while operation worker has as many as twenty villages cases are passed on to the Society's with Christian congregations under hospital at Multan. One woman who his sole care, the survey showing that came for treatment required operathe needs arising out of the mass tion, but the fear of both herself and movement may be summed up in one her husband led her to refuse to go word-education. into the hospital. However, after gentle persuasion she consented. The Cost of Moslem Baptism operation was successful, and the pa- tient returned to her village a bright REV. J. T. PERKINS of the Meth- and happy woman, telling her Moslem odist Mission in Hyderabad, tells neighbors of the kindness shown to of a Moslem who believes in Jesus but her in the hospital, and dispelling the who is afraid to become a baptized fear of the other villagers who pre-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

viously were afraid to go for treat- sertion is evident everywhere. The dement. "She was a splendid advertise- mand for higher education, for public ment, says the missionary-in-charge." professions and universal suffrage is the outcome of this realization. In short, Siamese Mission Centennial women have discovered the vast possi- bilities of life, and they will not be satis- I N DECEMBER the celebration of fied until they have lived it to the full the hundredth year of Protestant extent. missions in that country will take place. This work began under the Ohina's Disba.nded Troops settled ministry of American Board representatives, Dr. Bradley and Mr. THIS is one of the greatest of the Caswell, tutor to the King, and in re- nation's civic problems just now. cent years has been conducted almost Chambers of Commerce have sent the wholly by American Presbyterians. following telegram on the subject: The work has been one of slow prog- "In order to prevent these disbanded ress among the Buddhists, though soldiers from drifting into banditry, very successful among the Lao ani- appropriate work should be provided mists of the north. While communi- so as to convert them into productive cants number less than 5,000, the laborers, thereby hastening the deinfluence of missionaries upon the de- velopment of industry and bringing velopment of the nation has been very peace to the people." General F€mg significant. The centenary celebra- has ordered a subordinate general to tion in Siam itself aims to show the establish a factory for one of the army people how great progress of higher units to provide them employment, kinds has been made in a century. A arguing that since these soldiers have pageant, street parades, and exhibits sacrificed themselves for the sake of of various sorts, together with meet- the country, they should be given regings addressed by speakers in Eng- ular service training in factories so lish, Siamese and Chinese, will be that they may earn a living at home leading features of the occasion. during their lifetime.

OHINA AND TIBET The "Christian Genera.l" in Honan A Notable Ohinese Testimony ACHINESE writer in The China Weekly Review (Sept. 1) tells in ONE of the greatest warriors and detail of what this much debated Gen- statesmen of the last century in eral has done within the past year for China was Marquis Tseng. His the province over which he has ruled. daughter was permitted by him to de- More than 200 miles of motor roads cide whether she would become a have been built or improved; public Christian only after a thorough study parks have been laid out in Kaifimg of the question by her and his ap- and Cheng-chow-partly in order to proval of her findings. It led to ~er do away with gambling and prostituconversion and later to the foundmg tion-the latter city's park having a of what is now The Girls' College at public playground, public library and Changsha, of which she is the devoted people's school; houses for the poor head. In an article by her upon "The have been erected, one of them a vast Changed Women of China and Their building with 6,000 rooms which is Need of Christ," found in the Church already partly completed; commerce Overseas for October, is this brief ex- has been greatly furthered by dredgcerpt as to the changed outlook on life: ing and reopening the Chia Lu River; and the opening of schools for The women are beginning to realize farmers who constitute two-thirds of that they have in them individual per- the population has been undertaken. sonalities which need developing, and vo- These schools are making education cations in life which must be worked democratic and are imparting a out. The seeking of freedom, for self- knowledge of mathematics, music, the expression, self-development and self-as-

National language, as well as prac- trustees in one respect. Regardless of tical subjects. Fimg's eulogist says: the relative merits of the required and "He loves people and people love him. It is this mutual love which leads him voluntary system of religious instruction, to administer, and to administer suc- cessfully and satisfactorily . . .. He :we ha,:,e felt that since missionary effort disciplines his troops well, so well that he is often regarded by them as their m Chma was for the time being so father. So without any remuneration closelx ~ssociated with the unequal but only with a bit of bare bread, they treatles, It would be better to yield to the stick to him very closely and faithfully." In social ways he is also a demands of the Central Government at benefactor, through farmer and labor movement committees, turning bandit least for the time being, in order to help lairs into model districts, erecting so- heal ~he wound that is in the popular cial halls for laborers and for farmers. Thus he illustrates his private motto, conSCIOusness and to accept limited op- "Not to be ministered unto, but to minister." portunities of service, rather than to close down our work. Papal Missionaries and Nationalists Upon "the Roof of the World" "CCORDING to the Kuo Wen news ABIT of cheering news comes from .tl. agency, a high Peking ecclesiastic the Moravian field in Lesser Tibet. Walter Aboe writes: has received a cable from the Pope giving instructions that, since a great "The Mission here is fortunate in part of China's unequal treaties with receiving the sympathy and support Foreign Powers has to do with re- of the Commissioners who are apligion and churches, he wishes all the pointed to administer this district. members of the Roman Catholic This support is of the highest im- Church to give up their rights as de- portance as it conduces to friendly rived from these unequal treaties and cooperation in the best interests of the obey the Nationalist Government in people. The impact of Christianity is China. He thus agrees in this posi- having its effect on their general outtion with Protestant leaders of many look on life. The blind adherence societies. upon Lamaistic dogma is being re- placed by a mood of inquiry as to the Hangchow College Closed reasonableness or otherwise of the doctrine and superstitions which MISSIONARY colleges in China hitherto were accepted without ques- are in extreme anxiety, anent the tion. The task of making Christ government requirements as to their known to these demon-tormented hillreligious status, if they are to con- men is desperately hard, but in spite tinue. In the North China Herald of of failure and defeat we press on to July 14th is a statement by President ultimate victory." Fitch which shows the position of the men primarily responsible to the Chi- In Peril in Tibet nese for the college. The trustees, however, decided against the Govern- I N THE Australian Christian World ment requirements and the college was we read the following account of a closed. While stating to the Chinese perilous homegoing from China: public the strong reasons beneath the trustee's decision, he adds the follow- "A China Inland Missionary, Mr. ing: J. T. Mathewson, in company with a The Field Board of Directors, the faculty and myself, have concurred in hold- German and an American, made a tening an opinion contrary to that of the months' trip, full of peril, from Kansu Province in China to Kashmir, in safety. These mbeehnealidviendg,asfaTceibdetsatanrs~ barely escaped vation and robbers, and by the help of Mohammedans, and Mongols, Tibetans and British, got through, and Mr.

Mathewson is in Melbourne, after be- ing reported dead in August last year. "In perils oft" is quite a Paul- ine experience.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN AND KOREA wisdom and power to the poor. To this we witnessed with all our might. Tokyo Y. M. C. A. "In time the meeting in the empty I N J APAN the Association was re- lot became one in a tent, one in a cently thrown into a position of the hired house, and now we possess utmost importance by the Premier's rented land and a sizable building. appeal to all classes of people to unite Now we can proclaim the gospel freely in guarding the youth of the nation and peaceably. Last June we held the from contamination. He appeals espe- fifth anniversary of our settling. We cially to religious bodies to assist in believe that Christ has commanded us the building of character in the young. to labor until these 7,500 poor friends Recently Prince Chichibu, heir to the of ours have decent homes and live throne, paid the Tokyo Association the without fear of hunger, and until honor of a visit of several hours. they all desire to come to our Lord, New "Y" buildings have been erected and dying to sin, live in Him to in Osaka and Yokohama, while the righteousness." Tokyo building, toward which the citizens of Tokyo have already con- Chinese in Korea tributed $300,000, when completed, will be the finest plant in any Oriental I AST Spring an evangelistic camcity. L paign among immigrants from Suzuki in Tokyo SluUls China was undertaken by a few mis- sionaries and Chinese associates. THIS worker began years ago in the Some eighteen Korean cities and slums of a factory district near towns were visited for from one day Tokyo, inhabited by some 80,000 to a week or more. The Chinese were workers. Here are some of the things mostly from Shantung Province. he says about it: Koreans had been praying for this campaign and they willingly offered "At night we gathered together in the evangelists the use of their an empty lot the poor children, and churches. In practically every place told them stories to interest them the Chinese were responsive; they atbased upon the Bible, and so tried to tended the meetings and willingly reteach them the meaning of a straight ceived tracts and in several cities a life. After the children's meeting, we number of those interested in Christaught the Gospel of the true God to tianity gave their names. In Fusan the young people. We taught them a building has been rented and a memthat religion is not the possession ber of the party was left to conserve solely of those blessed with leisure the results. The reflex blessing reand money who wear fine clothes and ceived is thus described in part: live in grand houses and have ample "The evangelistic trip was unique in time to attend church and means to that it was not only a time of preachgive alms and do works of charity; ing the Gospel, but also a time of rebut that poor people, like ourselves, ceiving a blessing through contact who need much time to earn a living with the Korean churches. It was an and have to make a real sacrifice to go inspiration to see those huge Korean to church, who know what want is in congregations who, out of poverty maintaining themselves and their which seems to be as dire as that of families and cannot give money to the the poorer Chinese, build their own Church as they desire–that such as churches and pay the salaries of their we can find comfort and strength and own pastors. Once a year or oftener, light in 'religious faith. We taught, more than half the membership come above all, that Christ who dwells with together in smaller or larger groups God in the highest had for our sakes at their own expense to be instructed lived the poorest life, and that He in the Word of God-this at least bewaits to give peace without stint and ing true in Northern Korea."

Evangelism and Revival of school.) Ere long the inside space was full and every window and the THE Korean Christian community door were filled to overflowing with today numbers over three hundred grown-ups looking in. The singing thousand, a much larger proportion was 'fearfully and wonderfully' done, than in China, Japan or India. But but it all had a redeeming featurethe work of evangelization is pro- 'it was enjoyed by all.''' And here gressing and over one million copies was what their teacher said of the of scripture portions are being sold work: "What a great responsibility annually in Korea. There have al- and privilege has been mine, in leadready been distributed enough copies ing those children to Christ. I decided of the Word of God to supply one to first of all that they should see Christ every man, woman and child of the in me. A hard thing, of course, to do, eighteen million Koreans. but thank God through Christ, for His grace to overcome." Rev. M. B. Stokes, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, writes that Filipino Lepers' Generosity this year has been marked by a new religious revival. The Korean Chris- OUR Government is doing much for tians themselves are conducting the the unfortunates of the Culion evangelistic campaigns and as a result Leper Colony, and is being ably secinterest has greatly increased. The onded by missionaries. One of them spirit of prayer is especially marked. says of the lepers, that there never Power from God is working among was a more generous people, according the people. At Yandukwon, the Chris- to their means, than members of the tians fasted and prayed for seven Leper Church. Aside from paying a weeks before the special services and janitor, a deaconess, furnishing every spent one whole night in prayer. Be- deceased member with a simple coffin fore the first service the people spent and procuring items of special diet three hours confessing their sins and for the sick, they sent $25 to the asking forgiveness. The evidence of American Bible Society, a like gift to the power of the Holy Spirit coming the American Leper Association after on the Christians was their eagerness they had heard of poor unfortunate to win others to Christ. They went leper outcasts in other lands whom no to every house in the village and the one had as yet cared for, and $10 for movement spread. – Church Miggion- the Manila Union Theological Semary Gleaner. inary. It is also their custom not to let a cured member go away without a ISLANDS OF THE SEA few dollars in his or her pocket; and special prayer is offered for them that Vacation Bible Schools in Manila God will keep them and open a way for them in the world outside the colony. HERE is a snap-shot of one of them. "A regular slum district it Australian Methodist Missions was. Half an hour before class time the children were there. And such an THE Methodist Missionary Society array! Clean children and dirty chil- of Australia report, for 1927, their dren, neat children and ragged chil- missionary force as 37, with 12 lay dren, big children and little children, missionaries and 35 missionary sisters children clothed and children with who have oversight over and partici- 'never a stitch' on, but children all, pate personally in work in the South waiting for their teacher. When he Sea Islands, India and Nortlrern Ausarrived, the fifty or sixty children tralia, and includes day schools, workflocked inside, the cleaner, better shops, technical schools, agriculture in dressed children on the front benches, actual practice, as well as the care of the others shyly filling up the space 1,141 churches and over 580 other behind. (Even that told its storythe effect, already, of the two weeks

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

preaching places. Church members in hastening the Kingdom of Heaven.

number 37,075, with 28,025 catechu- A greater knowledge of their prob- mens. Attendants at public worship lems on our part; a keener sympathy number 159,833. Surely this rela- and interest in their trials and hopes; tively small force cannot be idle. removing the shock arising from our directing charity directly toward them MISCELLANEOUS by showing our reasons for so doing, Religious Peace Conference and thus causing them to understand the impulse leading them to a genuine DURING the latter part of Sep- Christian life – these are possible tember, 124 members of many re- steps toward the true help of our Jewligions assembled at Geneva to plan ish brothers that have been suggested. for a Universal Religious Peace Con- ference in 1930. There were Hindus, Buddhists, Confucianists, Parsees, Bible Society's Output F Jews, Christians, J ains, Shintoists, OR the first time in its history the American Bible Society has issued Zoroastrians and others in the group; more Bibles and portions than the yet they acted together with a re- British and Foreign Bible Society, markable sense of unity, and voted foremost in the number issued per unanimously to proceed with their plan. annum. During the last year they Three main questions will come be- published 10,034,797 volumes, whereas fore this Conference: (1) What is the British Society up to March 31, each religious group doing in peace 1928, had issued 9,936,714 volumes. education and promotion 7 (2) What Its Annual Report, recently published, can each religious group learn from has been very favorably noted by misthe methods of other groups 7 (3) How can all the religious groups co- sionary secretaries and others.

operate in creating international good will, and how could they act unitedly COMING EVENTS in face of an actual war crisis? UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL, Ro- chester, N. Y.•……•…… Dec. 3-4 Trhe Jews and Jesus FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES, QUADRENNIAL MEETING, Rochester CONSIDERABLE influence favor- N. Y•……•.•••…..•… Dec. 5-12 ing Jesus is being exerted by Dr. Klausner's Jesus of Nazareth, first NATIONAL INTERRACIAL CONFERENCE, published in 1923. Coming from as full-blooded Judaism as anywhere Washington, D. C••..•..•• Dec. 16-19 COUNCIL OF CHURCH BOARDS OF EDU- CATION, Chattanooga, Tenn…. Jan. 6-8 HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL, Atlantic exists, and though not an approach to City, N. J …………•..•• Jan. 8-10 Christianity, it is read widely by CONFERENCE OF THE CAUSE AND CURE Jews, three editions of the Hebrew original having been exhausted. It OF WAR, Washington, D. C.. Jan. 14-18 FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Detroit .. Jan. 15-18 probably has had a wider circulation than any volume of equal size in mod- PERSONALS ern Hebrew. An English translation DR. SAMUEL K. HUTTON, of Poole, Dorhas been sold extensively among set, England, has been made secretary of the oldest Protestant missionary society, American Hebrews, and French and that of the Moravian Churches. He was German translations are being pre- born at Kilkeel, County Down, Ireland, pared. in 1877, the son of the Rev. Robert Hut- ton. He took his medical degrees to With this attitude of intelligent qualify as a medical missionary, and in Jewry favoring an increase of knowl- i9()2 took charge of the Okak Mission edge of the historical life of Jesus, Hospital on the Labrador coast where with its wondrous teaching and power, he remained until 1913. He is the author our problem is how to convince the of two books on life in Labrador-"By Eskimo Dog Sled and Kayak," and Jew that adherence and allegiance to "Health Conditions and Disease Inthe Person of Jesus are essential steps cidence among the Eskimos of Labrador."

DR. JOHN R. MOTT, having retired have attained passed away on Aug. 18, from the General Secretaryship of the 1928, in Raga;z, Switzerland. He was a American Christian Association, begins member of the World's Committee of the his duties as representing the Jerusalem Y. M. C. A. from 1913-26 and its Vice- Conference and the International Mis- President from 1920-26. sionary Council, by making a journey through Europe, India, Burma, Ceylon, .. .. * Siam and the Philippines, China, Korea and Japan. His object is through con- J. M. PATTERSON, LL.D., until October ferences to aid in the coordination of 1st, a Secretary of the Presbyterian missionary operations in all fields. He Board of Foreign Missions, with headis accompanied by Mrs. Mott, his daugh- quarters in St. Louis, died on Sunday, ter Eleanor, and his secretary. October 28th, at De Queen, Ark., after a long illness. At the time of the union *** of the Presbyterian U. S. A. and Cum- berland Presbyterian Churches in 1907, THE REV. ARTHUR E. HARPER, princi- Dr. Patterson, then a Secretary of the pal of Moga Training School, has been Cumberland Board of Home Missions, granted the Kaisar-i-Hind medal, by the was called to the work for the Foreign British Government, for his work for Board. village teachers in India. Mrs. William H. Wiser of Mainpuri, another American * * .. Presbyterian Missionary also received the same honor because of social service SAMUEL RHEA GAMMON, who died on last Fourth of July, was one of the mis- …. work among village Christians. sionary statesmen of the· Southern Pres- byterian Chureh. Born in Virginia in CHARLES A. GUNN, of the Presby- 1865, graduating from King College and terian Architects bureau in China, and at Union Theological Seminary, Hamp- Sam Dean of the Truth Hall School of den-Sidney, Va., he went to Brazil in Engineering Practice, Peiping (Peking), 1889, his station being Campinas, in the were recently awarded Second prize of State of Sao Paulo. In 1891, owing to $2,000 for designs and plans for a new yellow fever ravages fatal to some of the building for the Metropolitan Library of missionaries, he went to Lavras, where that city. The Library was made pos- he and his devoted wife built up what is sible by America's remission to China of now Gammon Institute–a school with further payments of the Boxer indem- the finest property in the State, and nity. housing over 500 students taught by a staff of over forty teachers. *** When Dr. Gammon was buried all the THE REV. R. M. HOPKINS, D.D., who business houses of Lavras closed their has been engaged in religious education doors, as did all the' schools of the city, since 1900, and since 1922 has been including the College of Our Lady of Chairman of the Council of Religious Lourdes. Even the movies and a passing Education, is now the General Secretary circus had no shows that day. of the North American Section of the World's Sunday School Association. As .. .. * Vice Chairman of the Program Committee of the recent Los Angeles Con- DR. C. A. R. JANVIER, principal of the vention he exhibited qualities that Ewing Christian College at Allahabad, commended him to delegates to that died in India on Saturday, November Convention which it may be, had an at- 3rd as a result of injuries received from tendance of 7,600. Its statistics show an a fall. He was the son of a Presbyterian enrollment of 32,677,611 in the Protest- missionary, Levi Janvier, and was born in Abington, Pa., sixty-eight years ago. . .. .. ant Sunday Schools of the world. He was graduated from Princeton Col- lege in 1880 and from the Theological DR. AND MRS. S. M. ZWEMER, in their Seminary in 1884. He sailed for India in recent tour of India in the interest of 1887 and after fourteen years returned Moslems, report that they visited 24 to America and became pastor of the cities, met 19 study groups in which 704 Holland Memorial Presbyterian Church, persons were enrolled, gave 353 lectures Philadelphia. In 1913 he returned to and addresses, and traveled 8,900 miles India to take the presidency of Ewing by rail or motor. Christian College. At one time he was editor of the Indian Standard and of the OBITUARY Christian Treasury, a vernacular paper, and was the author of several historical FRANK THOMAS who for more than missionary volumes. For his distinthirty years had exercised a width of in- guished work as an educator Dr. Janvier fluence through his sermons that few received the Kaiser-i-Hind medal from the Indian Government.

WOIUH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Our Asiatic Christ. Oscar MacMillan deals with the implications of this at- Buck. 181 pp. $1.25. New York. tractiveness. The author presents cer- 1927. tain characteristic principles funda- mental to the religious life of India This is an appealing book. The and discloses how perfectly Jesus typistyle, born of the fact that the chap- fies these principles and how more and ters were first prepared as lectures, more non-Christian Indians are usadds to the force of the appeal. The ing Him as their ideal personified. author writes from the standpoint of These implications, or ideas, are conone who loves India as the land of his tained in the well-known Indian birth and boyhood and profession. It words: "Ahimsa" – negatively, the deals with a country which, with the principle of non-violence, postively, the rich heritage of the past, faces con- principle of active beneficence; the fusedly the new day. It deals with a concept of "Yoga"-the inner dis- Christ, who, Principal Fairbairn de- cipline of life leading to the high purclared, is "the only Oriental that the pose of service and sacrifice; the idea Occident has admired with an admira- of "Jivanmukta"-the realization of tion that has become worship, and the God in this life, and the final concept only name the West has carried into of "Ananda"-the blessedness of spirthe East which the East has received itual union with the Divine. Of all and praised and loved with sincerity these Jesus is the perfect fulfilment. and without qualification." A sense of proprietorship is one of the most The author realizes that this acceptinteresting phases of the shifting at- ance of Jesus by the East does not intitude toward Jesus that is now ap- volve the acceptance of Christianity. parent among non-Christian educated To the Indian claim that Christ will Indians. The author quotes with ap- shine alongside the great teachers of proval the statement that religious India, not dimming their light; that thought among educated Indians to- the stars and the moon get along well day is dominated by the personality together, the author replies, "There is of Christ; that among educated the heart of the whole thing. How Hindus hostility to Jesus Christ is a bright is the Christ? Is it the moonthing all but unknown. To the Chris- rise or the sunrise in India? If Jesus tian teacher it is a new experience, a is but reflected light, then Hinduism thing full both of awe and of inspira- will surely hold Him in their sky and tion, to stand before his class of Hin?u He will be added to the many. If He students and know that between hlm is the Lord of the Day, then it is inand them reverence for Christ is deed the dawn and the inevitable palcommon ground. The public press of ing of the stars. It all depends upon India today teems with manifestation the vitality of the Christ; a light in of this changing attitude. the world, or the Light of the World."

To students of religion in that most W. I. C. religious of countries this book will prove very interesting. In the first Gentlemen-The King. John Oxenham. chapter the attractiveness of Jesus to 96 pp. lIlus. $0.75. Boston. 1928.

the new intelligentsia of India is pre- This little volume, scarcely larger sented. The remainder of the book than a vest-pocket edition, is yet an 6 1025

almost complete Life of Christ. Writ- materials for missionary study are ten in simple, unaffected blank verse, the message of each chapter is, at its not in this book or any other book, end, crystallized for the reader in a lyrical gem of great beauty and im- but all about us-yet he makes his portant truth. In the twelve short volume very challenging. chapters the Master walks with all His divine and human traits unfolding, Of course the most important data through boyhood and youth, with their natural games and pleasures, into the for Home Missions is to be discovered sterner years of The Day's Work. We in community situations which are see Him tested and tried "as you and near by, and with which we grapple I at times are sorely tried" and "as you and I have never yet been tried." at first hand. The problem of the We travel with Him through the "tiresome years," sharing the road with country church brings up the question Him "through good and evil weather." We share, too, His anguish as He of a tragicly changing civilization. A faces the foe and storms the heights that lead to Calvary, until we see Him, visit to the home of a Polish mill Broken-but not Beaten, at the Cross- worker in a textile factory in Passaic, ways. No passage in the little volume is more exquisite in its lyrical beauty, New Jersey, will heat the mind with more tender in its spiritual appeal than the verse which concludes "The burning questions concerning the so- Cross at the Crossways": cial order. The great underlying issue "To every man there openeth in this and a dozen other problems is: A Way, and Ways, and a Way, And the High Soul climbs the High Way, How Christian is our Civilization? And the Low Soul gropes the Low, And in between on the misty fiats, Because Home Missions is chang- The rest drift to and fro. ing there is the opportunity to point But to every man there openeth A High Way and a Low, out a new way of living and of deal- And every man decideth The Way his soul shall go." ing with these vexing issues. This the author does in his suggestive The story ends with The Crowning chapters on Learning to Live To- Wonder of the Resurrection, reversing the judgment of the Cross, and the gether; The Dominance of the City; triumphant Paean, "He is Risen," Undergirding Democracy; ANew drowns forevermore the sad Dirge of Calvary. Crusade. The general conclusion is that the function of the Church is to John Oxenham is known to the extend the Gospel of Christ in all its American public through his other books and "Gentlemen – The King" fulness, and the service of Christ in should meet with an enthusiastic reception from all who love deeply de- all its implications. This dynamic votional and inspiring verse. program is outlined in these new and M. E. A. C. arresting chapters from the trenchant What Next in National Missions! Wil- liam P. Shriver. 238 pp. 60 cents pen of Dr. Shriver. This is a book paper, $1 cloth. New York. 1928. to grip the mind and capture the There is life in this book. It makes stimulating reading. Although the heart. J. F. RIGGS. author claims that the most fruitful China Year :Sook-1928. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead, C.B.E.. 1,447 pp. Price, $12.50. Chicago. 1928.

Each year this compendium of in- formation on China becomes more comprehensive and more indispen- sable. China is not only great in it- self but is becoming increasingly great in its influence on the life of the world. Every phase of China's life today concerns the Christian who has made the World Mission of Christian- ity his own. If our missionary forces twenty years ago could afford to ig- nore large areas of China's life and thought while they gave themselves with singular devotion to the simple

BOOKS WORTH READING

task of acquainting individuals with more disinterested and detached pres- Jesus Christ, such concentration of entation by the Chinese themselves, interest cannot be commended now. rather than by some foreigner, would Christ must not only become the pos- increase the value of many sections session of individual Chinese, chang- of the book. ing their life and thought, but He must become influential and dominant Of considerable importance is the in every activity and relationship, chapter on "Who's Who" in China economic, social and political. For which is a series of Chinese biogthis reason one welcomes the China raphies. This Year Book should be Year Book because it offers that en- useful to every student of China and cyclopedic information which every to every missionary administrator. statesman of Christ's Kingdom needs. M. T. STAUFFER. To produce this comprehensive and reliable work of reference must have Ro.ds to the City of God. Basil Mathews. been a herculean task beset with ex- 12 mo. 117 pp. $1. New York. 1928. treme difficulties at this time. Notwithstanding, the work, as a whole, This popular story of the recent reaches the high standard set by pre- Jerusalem missionary conference previous volumes. cedes the larger reports just now from the press. This brief interpre- The "General Information" of the tation of the spirit, ideals and achievefirst chapter presents the geograph- ments of the conference offers spirical, geological and climatic conditions itual stimulus and encouragement to of the country, then proceeds to the Christians the world over. The Lord languages of the people and to the Jesus Christ, His message and work, people themselves. Following are were magnified at Jerusalem and new chapters on mines and minerals, rev- missionary methods to meet changed enue and trade statistics, public conditions were advocated without health and medical events, river con- change in principle or goal and with servancy, currency, communications, loyalty to His teachings recorded in railways and roads, posts and tele- the New Testament. This report graphs, etc. The outlying districts of shows how disciples of every race and China proper are given special treat- nation are united and their equality ment in Chapter IX and are par- in the Church of Christ is recognized. ticularly valuable because of the summary there given of recent develop- The Korea Mission Yearbook. Edited by ments, political and commercial. In F. E. C. Williams, Gerald Bonwick the light of our present interest in and M. L. Swinehart. Maps and staextra-territoriality, the registration tistics. 12 mo. 238 pp. Christian of mission schools and the unequal Literature Society, Seoul, Korea. 1928. treaties, one welcomes chapters on Public Justice, Education, Treaty Re- Korea Missionary information has vision, Concessions. The industrial formerly appeared in the Japanese condition of the country is adequately annual volume; this is the first year portrayed in four or five chapters on book devoted wholly to Korea. It is Shipping, Labor, Finance, Trade and well done but lacks some useful infor- Commerce. mation for reference, such as an in- dex, and an alphabetical list of mis- Over one hundred pages are given sions, stations and missionaries. The to the Nationalist Movement and to first one hundred and thirty pages problems arising out of recent political takes up the work by denominations changes. Unfortunately, the editor's rather than by sections or stations inability to conceal his own intense and the last one hundred pages is defeelings on the recent political de- voted to articles on independent or velopments undermines one's confi- union institutions. This first annual dence in the interpretations given. A will be especially useful to workers on the field.

Africa Today. Mary A. Jefferys. Pam- In the African Bush. Jewell H. Schwab. phlet. 63 pp. New Yark. 1928. Maps. 12 mo. 130 pp. 75c- New York. 1928. These suggestions for leaders of young people's mission study groups In her stories of Africa for junior are very valuable, practical helps in boys and girls, Mrs. Schwab has given organization, worship, study and dis- valuable material with which to incussion and activities. terest children in their black brothers and sisters across the sea. In the sec- Life on the Highest Plane. Ruth Paxson. ond part of the book she suggests how Three volumes. 8 vo. $2.50 per vol- to use this material in ten programs. ume. New York. 1928. All who study these pages will be in- structed, and many will be deeply in- These are unusually clear, compre- terested by the intimate pictures of hensive and spiritually instructive village and mission life. Teachers will Bible studies of God's plan of redemp- be helped by the very practical sugtion for mankind. Miss Paxson has gestions for study. been a missionary in China for seventeen years and has been especially NEW BOOKS blessed in her Bible classes for missionaries and Chinese Christians. She Law or War. Lucia Ames Mead. 288 draws all of her authority for her pp. $1.75. Doubleday, Doran & Co. teaching from the Bible as the Word New York. 1928. of God. Anyone who follows through these studies conscientiously and Madness of War. Harold S. Brewster. prayerfully should emerge an intelli- 261 pp. $2. Harper & Bros. New gent, strong, spiritually-minded Chris- York. 1928. tian. Silver Slippers. Temple Bailey. 360 pp. In her first volume Miss Paxson $2. Penn Pub. Co. Phila. 1928. studies Man as he was created, and as he came under the dominion of sin. Shadow and Substance. George W. Need- She presents Christ as He undertook, ham. 199 pp. $1.25. Bible Institute by His incarnation and atoning work, Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1928. to free man from the power and penalty of sin and to bring him into the Short Papers on Church History. Audrew enjoyment of God's Life of Victory. Miller, 2 vols. 78. 6d. each. Picker- ing & Inglis. London. 1928. The second volume studies the Christian-the believer in Christ and "Under Frozen Stars. George March. 302 in whom Christ dwells. Here she pp. $2. Penn Pub. Co. New York. shows the way of victory over sin and 1928. the results of the sanctified, Spiritfilled life. Walking with God. Harvey Farmer. 32 pp. 25c. Bible Institute Colportage The third volume describes the ef- Assn. Chicago. 1928. fect of the Holy Spirit, cleansing, filling, controlling and empowering the Annual Report of Seoul Station-1928. believer. 15 pp. Y. M. C. A. Press, Seoul, 1928.

Fourteen diagrams help to present American Baptist Foreign Mission Society these truths to the eye. We know of Report-1928. 284 pp. New York. no better stUdies to form the basis for 1928. Bible class work or sermons on this most important of all subjects. Miss Baptist Missionary SOCiety Report-1928. Paxson's wide reading, prayerful 197 pp. London. 1928. study and rich experience are made available to many who can here de- American Baptist Home Missionary Sorive benefit from them. ciety Report-1928. 184 pp. New York. 1928.

Anti-Saloon League Year Book-1928. Compiled and edited by E. H. Cher- rington. 224 pp. 75c paper, $1.15 cloth. Anti-Saloon League of Amer- ica. Westerville, O. 1928.

Year Book of Missions-American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions. 68 pp. 35c. Boston. 1928. (Conoluded on third cover.)