The Missionary Review of the World — January 1912

MISSIONS IN NORTH

North America is a vast missionary Most of these lines of work re- field, representing many varied phases quire special study and qualifications.

of work for all classes of people. Th~ The same workers can not usually problems connected with it are almost engage in more than one branch of as numerous and complex as are those home missions. The hardships are of foreign missions. Home missions also as real as those connected with in North America – not counting foreign service. While the distance Mexico and the West Indies-include from home is not so great, and the the following: separation from friends is not gen- 1. City missions for the fallen, out- erally so complete or prolonged, there casts, and destitute. are other trials that are often even greater at home than abroad. The 2. Work for foreign-speaking popula- salaries are smaller, the physical comtion in cities, manufacturing, and mining districts. These include Europeans, Chi- nese, Japanese, Hindus, and other Ori- forts are less, servants are, in many entals. Work for new immigrants. places, difficult to secure, and workers There are over 11,000,000 foreign-born are more separated from each other, in the United States. Chinese number so that they have not the community about 100,000 and Japanese 25,000; Ital- ians about 500.000. life found in many and Russians the foreign stations. same. About 1,000,- E a c h department 000 immigrants ar- of home mission rive each year.

3. Missions to the work has its pectt- Jews in the great liar difficulties and cities. These number trials, and each has about 2,500,000, of its special reward whom over 1,000,000 reside in Greater for faithful service New York. Nearly in the c a use 0 f 1,000,000 have immi- Christ and through grated to the United the power of the States in the last ten years. Holy Spirit.

4. Missions to ru- POPULATION or u.s. (About) 92.000.000 The total popural communities in lation of the Uni- ted States is about the East, w her e churches have be- come too weak to PROT~STANT (wlitta~ 22,000.000 92,000,000. Of support aggressive OTHER SECTS CSh_StJI:!,OOO,OOO these only about work. OUT Ol"rH£:CHURCH(BIock stlS7, 000,000 35,000,000 are re- ported as com- 5. Social service and giving the Gos- pel to non-church-going laboring classes. municant members of organized 6. Missions to the American Indians- churches, and of these about one-third are Roman Catholics. It is estimated including preaching, schoots, and indus- that one-half of the population of North America are not church-memtrial work. American Indians number about 300,000, most of them on reservations.· .

7. Missions to the negroes in the cities, bers, and do not regularly attend any and in the Southland-including general place of worship. and religious education. Negroes in the The home missionary forces em- United States number about 10,000,000. ployed in the United States are diffi- 8. Frontier missions to miners, lum- cult to ascertain, as there are many bermen, and settlers in new fields, away independent workers and organizafrom established churches. Mormons number 350,000. tions. Those employed by the great 9. Missions to mountaineers of the home mission societies number about Appalachian range in the East and South. 12,000 missionaries. In addition to these are independent city mission- 10. Mission to miners, Indians, and aries, pastors, active church members, Eskimos of Alaska, and to fishermen and and non-denominational workers. Eskimos of Labrador, Greenland and )J orthern Canada. 1. A Miner's Camp in Alaska. 2. Eskimo WoOle'1 in Greenland. 3. A Supper at a City Mission. 4. North American Red Indian. 5. Missionaries among the Mormons. 6. A Frontier Missionary in the West. 7. Among the Eskimos of Labrador. 8. Teaching the American Negroes. 9. Indian Rugmaker in the Southwest. 10. A Mountaineer's Cabin in Kentucky.

~ of the World .

VOL. xxxv. No. 1 JANUARY. 1912 VOL. xxv. No. 1 Old Series N_Smes SIGNS OF THE TIMES CONTINUED CHAOS IN CHINA Manchu' yoke. The present loss of property and life and the free rein ~~~.~~1 HE clouds have not yet to all the fierce passions of man must cleared away in China, be followed by famine, pestilence and nor have the rumblings death due to the destruction of crops of revolution ceased. and the awful bloodshed. Every in- The preliminary victo- dustry is crippled and missionary ries of the rebels and work is practically at a standstill. Many schools have been dismissed the panic which prevailed among the that the pupils might return home, and Manchus have not brought about the it has been impossible for many of speedy establishment of a Chinese re- the missionaries .to remain at their form government that many expected. stations. It is hoped that the arrival Yuan-Shi-Kai has proved his ability in of the leader, Sun Yat Sen, will solve handling the Manchus, but has not yet some of the problems. In the meansecured satisfactory terms from the time several districts have proclaimed rebels. Dissatisfaction and internal their independence. The Mongolian dissension has appeared among the in- capital, Urga, which has been under surgent forces. Their leaders have the suzerainty of China, has expelled been unable to agree, they lack a rec-, the Chinese officials, and Manchuria' ognized leader of sufficient force to has joined in the revolt. turn the advantage of, victory and popular sympathy to good account, The results of education are seen in foreigners have been threatened, much this revolution, since practically all the property destroyed, commerce inter- insurgent leaders have been educated rupted and a few foreigners have been in Western schools. The results of killed, including Mrs. Eckmann and previous chastisement inflicted on five children in the Scandinavian Mis- China, after riots and massacres, are sion at Sian fu. The Methodist Mis- also seen in the death penalty prosion buildings at Hankow have also nounced by the rebels on any who inbeen destroyed. jure foreigners or needlessly damage their property. China is paying a tremendous price in this struggle for freedom from the • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the &pirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not aclmowledge responsibility 'for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to siitled articles in these pages.-EDITOItS. As to the effect of the revolution of Seoul, calls attention to three signs on missionary work, Rev. Harlan P. of change: Beach says: "This movement is not I. Less evident interest in the Gos- at all anti-missionary, nor even anti- pel than ten years ago. Fewer inquir- foreign as a general thing. It is ing groups, fewer sightseers, fewer purely internal and an anti-Manchu bustling people coming to church full movement. Hence, if foreign nations of other than spiritual notions.

maintain strict neutrality, I see no 2. More interest in the world at reason why it should react against large. We had the whole field to our- Christianity. The prominent place of selves then, now new forces have de- the missionary doctors in the Red veloped that take the attention of the Cross work at the present seat of war people. They have discovered not is a new proof that Christianity will only a spiritual world, but a material impartially relieve suffering, regard- one in which they are greatly inter- less of political or religious lines. The ested. Many begin to think that the revolution is likely to make enlarged Church is not abreast of the new demands upon missions. A republic learning of to-day. Many books have or a limited constitutional monarchy been printed in the native script, and means a great increase in intelligence, .these, with native newspapers, divide that is, of mission schools." the field with the New Testament.

3. The foreign missionary who oc- CHANGES IN CHOSEN cupied so high a place ten years ago has gone down in value, and his place U GANDA, Mbanza Mantake, becomes more and more an advisory and now the West Africa Pres- position only. This opinion is partly byterian mission are among the re- due to the fact that America, through markable mission-fields of the Dark Mr. Roosevelt, is supposed to have Continent, as are the Telugu and given Korea over to Japan. Once the Karen fields in India.. None of these, name "moksa" (pastor) occupied a however, show more remarkable prog- unique and undivided reputation; to- .

ress than is evident in the land of .day it is not so, as there are many Korea, where a whole nation seems Korean moksas. In school work, too, to be coming out of darkness into the foreigners were the great teachers, light. There is, however, a crisis in for they only knew the subjects to be this land, due in large measure to the taught. Now many teachers have de- changes instituted by Japan. The in- veloped, some of whom are supposed creased interest in secular things, the to be far superior to the foreigner; growing desire for material progress hence this fall in value.

and comforts, is in danger of divert- Recent news from Korea also indi- ing the minds of the people from the cates one of the difficulties under spiritual interests. They are like which the Korean Church is' laboring.

other Orientals discarding the old, but The Japanese, without any word of there is a danger that they will take explanation, have arrested all the the husks of civilization and neglect teachers in the academy at Syen Chun, the kernel. with several leading pastors and In a recent letter Dr. James S. Gale, others, and have taken them to Seoul

OF THE TIMES

for examination. The same thing was ernors has given place to a uniform done last year to other Christians, who and more just administration of their were tortured to compel confession as common law, under the direction of to political plots, but they were sub- the Minister of the Interior. Equal sequently released, tho one young man justice is meted out to culprits and died under the torture. offenders, and gang robbery and other organized methods of plunder have There is ground for both hope and become rare. Slavery has been abolmisgiving in these signs. They un- ished, and the land is occupied by free doubtedly indicate a national awaken- and happy landholders. Gambling has ing and show that Christians should been restricted after having been offitake immediate advantage of the pres- cially encouraged for many years, and ent opportunity. it will soon be entirely forbidden. The Protestant missionaries in Siam have MISSIONARY UNION IN JAPAN been Americans, with the exception of an English missionary family, who T HERE is a very distinct feeling came from Burma, and for many among Protestant missionaries years only Presbyterian missionaries in Japan that too many millions are were at work in Siam and Laos. not yet evangelized, and that better coordination and cooperation of the PERSIA AND THE "GREAT BEAR" forces of all denominations is necessary. Meetings to consider these A N unprecedented upheaval seems things have been held all over the f t to be taking place in Asia which country and considerable enthusiasm has been developed. Recently a meet- can not but affect the progress of ing of fifty missionaries from the dis- Christianity. With China in rebellion trict about Kobe and Osaka was held. against the ruling dynas.ty, and India A committee to investigate the field in growing unrest against British rule; was appointed, and, much against ex- with Turkey at war with Italy and 'pectation, could find no evidence of Russia endeavoring to bully Persia overlapping or competition. But it into submission to her demands, it is found that, aside from the city of impossible for the most experienced Kobe, the workers in the great field student of events to predict what will are so few that they can hardly come be the result of the next move. Rein touch with each other, while hun- cently Russia has sent an ultimatum dreds of towns and villages have never to Persia demanding the dismissal of been touched. Thus again the great the American Treasurer-General; needs of the field were established. Persia has refused. Russia has sent What form the proposed union will troops across the border and has take, if it is consummated, we are un- strengthened the legation guard at able to say. Teheran. Persia replies by an ulti- matum to Russia to the effect that CHANGES IN SIAM troops must be withdrawn from Per- sian territory or war will be declared. T REMENDOUS progress has been made in Siam in the sev- The so-called Christian nations in enty years since the Protestant mis- these conflicts with Moslem governsionaries began their work there. The ments h:we not recently given any despotic domination of provincial gov-

evidence of a Christian spirit. Force nean which were swept by Moham- and selfish greed have taken the place medan hordes in the seventh century of reason and the Golden Rule. This are one by one coming under Chris- can not but influence the attitude of tian control. Even the selfishness and Moslem governments and peoples injustice of so-called Christian powers against the claims of Christ and gives can not blind our eyes to this tend- agitators against missionaries an ap- ency. Second, the complete disinte- parent ground for their attacks. gration of Islam intellectually and re- While it is not possible to foresee ligiously can not long be delayed.

the immediate outcome of these con- Many of the national leaders are un- flicts and convulsions, it is not diffi- believers, professing Mohammedans cult to discern evidence of a breaking solely for political ends. Mohamme- up of the old order of things in the danism can not long withstand the in- backward nations and the establish- roads of Christian education and ment of modern education, govern- evangelistic effort. Already missio.n ment and methods in Persia, Turkey, schools are drawing Moslem pupils in and China. The more we study the goodly numbers.

events in America and Europe and in the nations of Africa and Asia, the AFFAIRS IN THE UPPER KONGO A more we are imprest with the convic- CCORDING to the London Christian, the friends of the tion that the only hope for peace and righteousness is in Christ, and that Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protec- these will never be established until tion Society have received from their He reigns Supreme. own messenger, Rev. J. H. Harris, A cablegram from Tabriz. reports their first repQrt upon the present con- much suffering and calls for early re- dition of the Upper Kongo. His im- lief. The roads about Tabriz have pressions are based upon observations been seized, cutting off supplies of taken during a journey of 1,200 miles.

food in the city. Rev. Robert M. La- Belgium is seemingly anxious to wipe baree writes: out as soon as possible the bitter "The political clouds are getting memories of the past. Of course, the blacker every day. All the Province work of reform is not complete, but of Azerbajan is in turmoil, and any some instalments of justice have ar- day the storm might strike us here in rived, and others are at hand.

Urumia. Both the Governors of Khoi Reports in German daily papers, and Salmas have fled. When they, to- however, do not sound quite as favor- gether with our own Governor, will able as those of Rev. J. H. Harris, have to flee elsewhere remains to be tho they do not deny the goodwill of seen. I do not anticipate any trouble the Belgian Government itself.

or danger for ourselves; but, oh 1these ADVANCE IN ARABIAN MISSIONS poor people I"

T As to Moslem lands in general two HE Arabian Mission of the Re- formed (Dutch) Church has as- . facts stand out with· reasonable clearness. First, the disintegration of Islam signed a resident missionary to Amara, as a political power is progressing. and thus it has opened its sixth regular The countries about the Mediterra- station. It is located on the western

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

bank of the Tigris River, about a day's American missionaries in India, and journey by river steamer from Busrah; large numbers have been members of and is an important trading center, the English army in India or served with probably 10,000 inhabitants, of as policemen in Hongkong. They are which Arabs, Persians, and Turkish kindly, simple-minded .and childlike officials and soldiers form the bulk. in disposition, and offer a unique op- The mission has tried to get a foot- portunity for missionary effort, tho hold in Amara since its earliest days. they lead a migratory life and their Kuweit, in northeast Arabia, has also bands are small and widely scattered.

been occupied, and the Dutch doctors The American Bible Society has had were cordially welcomed by its ruler, several colporteurs and returned mis- Sheik Moharak. It is of greatest sionaries from India at work occa- strategic importance as the future sionally, but only recently a returned terminus of the overland railway and missionary from India has been en- as the best harbor in the gulf, so that gaged to give all his time to the work.

it will make the best possible base for The manifold Christian work the occupation of the interior of among the Chinese, Japanese and Arabia. Koreans on the Pacific Coast had "Modern Arabian Knights" from the been by no means adequate to the University of Michigan are also going need. Now an effort is being made out to establish a high school and fu- to organize Interdenominational Work ture university at Busrah, Arabia. for Orientals, which, if successful, Permission to start the institution has will be an important step forward.

been granted by the Turkish officials. Under encouragements of the different Medicine, engineering, agriculture and boards and after preliminary confer- liberal arts will be taught, and instruc- ences of secretaries of these boards, a tion in the Bible is permitted to be conference of the representatives and compulsory in every course. Three secretaries of them on the Pacific members of the class of 191 I are to Coast was held at San Francisco with start soon, and another physician and about forty representatives of Bap- his wife will follow as soon as funds tists, Disciples, Congregationalists, can be secured. It is hoped that early Cumberland Presbyterians, Episco- in 1912 there will be two "engineers, palians, Friends, Methodists and Pres- two doctors and two women teachers byterians. The feasibility of union, or on the ground. cooperation in the work among Asi- UNION WORK FOR OJUENTALS ON atics on the Pacific Coast was discust THE PACIFIC .::DAST and a plan for permanent organization was adopted to be called the "Oriental I T IS estimated that on the Pacific Workers' Association." Coast and in Alaska there are about One of the first results of the work 60,000 Japanese, nearly 50,000 Chi- of the Standing Committee has been nese, over 10,000 Koreans, arid about the transfer of a mission from the 4,000 Hindus. Nearly all of the lat- Congregationalists to the Presbyte- ter are men and strict Mohammedans, rians. The mission had been in exist- tho some of them have come in con- ence thirty years, but, chiefly because tact with the educational work of the Congregationalists have no Amer-

ican church in that town while the bishops in each province, missionaries Presbyterians have, the committee from practically all the fields covered thought it best for the interests of by the Canadian Churches, board secthe mission to have it turned over to retaries, laymen's secretaries, and the Presbyterians. This was done prominent laymen, a total of about gracefully. Other transfers, combina- one hundred speakers. tions and adjustments are contemplated and will be conducive to the The note of unity and comity was needed strengthening of the work sounded so clearly that Canadian among Asiatics on the Pacific Coast churchmen understand each other betby more united effort of all denomi- ter than ever before, the call to servnations. ice was so emphasized that new men have been enlisted and older work- THE LAYMEN'S CAMPAIGN IN men spurred to renewed efforts; the methods of finance were so thorough- CANADA ly discust that an advance in methods and in gifts will be seen at once, and A REMARKABLE series of mis- in every convention the call was clear- sionary conventions has recently ly to the consecration of life and been held in Canada under the leader- service. ship of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. The first was in Van- The convention will mark another couver (October 18th to 20th) for step forward in the life of the Canthe Province of British Columbia, and adian Churches. the last (November 26th-28th) at Sydney, on the extreme eastern coast, The Canadian Council of the Layfor Cape Breton Island. men's Missionary Movement report the following increases in the giving Eleven conventions have practically of the respective denominations during reached the entire Dominion from the three years since its inauguration West to East, and have been in almost here: continual operation for six weeks. Sir Andrew Fraser, K.CG.I., formerly Anglican ••…•… From $252,910 to $354,128 Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, In- Baptist …..•..•.• From 207,679 to 296,569 dia, a vice-chairman of the Edin- Conl!"regational …. From 29,948 to 41,500 burgh Conference and a member of DiSCiple Church …. From 9,057 to 9,675 the Continuation Committee, has Evangelical Ass'n .•• From 7,606 fo 11,142 spoken in each convention, and John Lutheran •.•……• From 9,633 to 15,462 R. Mott, Robert E. Speer, ]. Camp- Methodist .•…•.•• From 509,409 to 749,677 bell White, Silas McBee, and George Presbyterian •.••.•• From 466,418 to 738,279 Sherwood Eddy have also participated in them. Others who contri- Increase •••••••. From $1,492,660 to $2,216,432 buted to the success are Rev. R. P. MacKay, D.D., the Moderator of or nearly 50 per cent. the Presbyterian General Assembly; This advance is encouraging but is Archbishop Matheson, Primate of all Canada in the Church of England; not satisfactory. These figures repre- Rev. S. D. Chown, D.D., superintend- sent home as well as foreign missions, ent of the Methodist Church; the and averaged over the memhership of the respective denominations there is little room for self-congratulation.

The proportionate advance is not yet commensurate with the increase of wealth in the hands of the various constituencies. There is still room for improvement.

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES-THE'

OF 1911 BY REV. JAMES S. DENNIS, D.D., NEW YORK SINGLE year in this were gaily ignored in a loving aban- age of the world re- don of consecration to the call of a veals a record of stir- Master whose personal relations to ring and momentous each heart were far and away more progress in the world- dear than any ecclesiastical affiliac.u~>…….,.=~ wide extension of God's tions. We are grateful for the ju- kingdom. Statistics, however insig- bilee as an object-lesson to the whole nificant their import, are utterly inade- Church of the happy possibilities and quate to convey more than a vague working efficiency of a common rally hint of the marvelous advances of the around a common Lord, in the fur· world, not only in' its religious and therance of a great cause dear to His moral gains, but in its intellectual, so- heart.

cial, political, and all-round beneficent The Lucknow Conference: This trend toward permanent betterment.. was held at Lucknow, India, on Janu- A few brief comments upon certain of ary 23-28, 19II, and followed that of the assets and liabilities of the balance- Cairo, in 1909. Its purpose was the sheet of 191 I may claim our attention. serious study by experts of the out- look for missions to Moslems. The Aneta duty, the need, and the urgent cail Woman's National Foreign Mt,S- were taken for granted, tho the sionary Jubilee: The jubilee celebra- mighty challenge of the present situatIon of the foreign missionary work tion, and the gigantic task which COllof the women's societies is one of the fronted the Church, were not ignored. outstanding features of the year. In It was, however, almost exclusively its continental scope, its high enthusi- a survey of present conditions, and a asm, its admirable restraint, its no- careful reconnoitering of the expandtable dignity, its intellectual force, its ing forces and movements of Islam, spiritual power, its happy interde- as well as the points of weakness and nominational fellowship, and its com- danger where the lines of Christian pelling success it stands for a new and Islamic propaganda converge. and instantly commanding demonstra- The conference was an educational tion of the deep and latent loyalty in and inspirational asset, relating itself true-hearted disciples which God can to the conscience of the Church, and summon to voice its influence when revealing the startling aspects of an He gives it its call of opportunity. obligation which can not longer be. The jubilee was not simply an anni- lightly regarded without placing the versary; it was a high day of united interests of the Kingdom, and even the honor of Christ's Lordship, in hearts in the common service of disheartening suspense. The force:;, Christ. Denominational lines and which are latent in Islam are still barriers to sympathetic cooperation mighty, and must be reckoned with

in the present as in the past. Chris- in June, 19I1, and was attended by tendom will make a lamentable mis- representatives of about forty of the take if h¥ unjust aggression and English, Scotch, and Irish societies.

irritating contempt it awakens the fa- The officials of the German societies natical passions of the Moslem world. also met for their annual meeting at First Meeting of the Continuation Halle, Germany, with a similar pur- Committee of the Edinburgh Confer- pose in view.

ence: This was held at Auckland Conference of the World's Stude.,t Castle, England, in May, the com- Christian Federation at ConstatJti- mittee being guests of the Bishop of nople, April 24-28, 1911: The Feder- Durham. Its deliberations resulted ation Conference of the past year in some projects of significant im- was unique and important. Its plan port. The issue of an International of meeting was strategic in the in- Review of Missions, to be published terests of a wide and inclusive quarterly, beginning January I, 1912, brotherhood, in an environment hith~ was decided upon, as the organ of erto not hospitable to the spirit of the committee for the discussion of religious fraternity. It marked a missionary. themes and problems, and heart-to-heart contact of varied na- the presentation of the newest phases tional and religious elements of the and opportunities of universal Chris- Near and the Far East, with a large tian progress among foreign races. and strong delegation from the na- The creation by the missionary so- tions of Christendom; yet, amid this cieties of Great Britain of a Board strange commingling, there was evi- of Study for the more adequate dence of a spirit of unity, sympathy, training of missionary candidates was dnd common allegiance, which had proposed by one of the sub-commit- been alien to the religious life of the tees, and sanctioned by the committee Nearer East for centuries past. Over itself. A broad program was laid out thirty nationalities were represented for the activities of the committee, among the 227 accredited delegates, with several new features. with their many and, diverse rdigious Three Important Conferences: The affiliations; yet the worship oi one Foreign Missions Conference of. God, and the recognition of one Mas- North America (formerly known as ter, dominated the entire assembly.

the Conference. of Mission Boards of The conference was an asset of strllOg the United States and Canada), held significance in an environment whe.re its annual· meeting on January lIth it stood for a modem intellectual, de- and 12th. A full attendance of the votional, and inspiriting stimulus to officials of the various missionary keen and alert students, awake to the agencies of North America, and also dawn of a new era. These young .the presence as a guest of Dr. A. representatives of the new life of the Boegner, Secretary of the Paris Nearer East have rarely, if ever, met Evangelical Missionary Society, made on a common pl11.tform of cordial the meeting of special interest. A mutual recognition and fellowship.

similar gathering-the' first in the Christianity was for the time being annals of British missionary el1ter- cosmopolitan, and represented a com- prise-was held at York, England, mon religious allegiance, which. was

SHEET OF MISSIONS-1911

t.""""iGn. (Thia coUocation 01 Aaet. GIld u."ilitie. ;. mad. in lall reco.,.ition 01 the impoui"ility 01 indicatin. the ….ilicanc. 01 .,,;ritual lorca ,,~ an~ eI.uice 01 comm.rcial Th.

method h.. "..,. ch• .,. _pl~ . . . pic:tare."… contrilHlftC8 to place in .ui",••rra~ _me 01 the ..li.,.t I.afar•• 01 the miaion.", ~ear. Eue", read.r'. im".matioa m…t ". tnut.d to .appl~ theper.pectil1e GIld coloru.. which wiU ~11•••piritaal meanin. to the picture.) CERTAIN ASSETS CERTAIN LIABILITIES (A Partial List of the Year's Credits) (A Partial List of the Year's Debits) Woman's National Foreign Missionary Jubilee. Conservation and Guidance of the Missionary Interest Second Missionary Conference on Behalf of the Mohammedan World, Lucknow. Awakened by the Woman's National Foreign Mis- Meeting of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Conference, at Auck- sionary Jubilee.

land Castle, England. Deepening the Interest Already Kindled iu the Mis- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, at New York. sionary Enterprise, and Inspiring aNew Enthu- Conference of Secretaries of Missionary Societies in Great Britain, at York. siasm for God's Great Message to All Mankind. Annual Missionary Conference, at Halle, Germany.

Eighth International Jewish Missionary Conference, Stockholm, Sweden. Conserv.ation and Extension of the Missionary Suc- Conference of the World's Student Christian Federation, at Constantinople. cesses and Achievements of the Past Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Student Volunteer Movement. Promoting the Influence and Usefulness of the Lay- Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Gleaners' Union of Church Missionary Society. men's Missionary Movement.

Student Volunteers from America, Great Britain, and the Continent, Who Sailed Fostering the Movements toward Unity and Coopera- tion, at Home and Abroad. during 1910-1911. New Missionaries Sent Out in 1911.

Creation of the Board of Missionary Studies for North America. Adopting Every Useful Expedient for Increasing the Board of Study for the Training of Missionaries in Great Britain. Gifts of the Churches in Support of the Enter- Opening of the Hartford School of Missions. prise of Missions, and Adding as Far as we are International Conference of Mission Study Leaders at Lunteren, Holland. Able to Our Own Contributions. Progress of Mission Study Qasses. Progress of the Laymen's Missionary Movement at Home and Abroad. Meeting Promptly and Resolutely the Extraordinary Opportunities now Presented for Missionary Ad- United Committee to Coordinate Home and Foreign Missionary Interests in the vance. Sympathetic Study of the Wonderful Presbyterian Church. Signs of Our Times, which have not been Sur- passed in Significance and Grandeur by those of Enlargement of the Foreign Work of the Christian Endeavor Society, the Ep- any Previous Era of Church History. worth League, and Kindred Organizations.

Progress of the Missionary Education Movement.

Extension of the Foreign Department of the Young Men's Christian Association. Noting the Remarkable Upturnings and Changes Advance in the Foreign Department of the Young Women's Christian Asso- among the Nations, and Fitting the Missionary Activities of the Church to the Hour of Oppor- ciation. tunity. Tercentenary of the Authorized Version of the English Bible. New Translations of the Bible on the Mission Fields during 1911. Prayer for the Providential Protection of Missionaries Extensive Foreign Mission Service of the British and American Tract Societies. in Times of Peril.

Output of Mission Presses reported in 1911.

OlristianLiterature in Preparation, or Issued, in the Languages of Mission Promoting a Campaign of Education in the Past His-.

Fields in 1911. tory of Missions, and also in the Present-Day Missionary Literature Issued in the Languages of Christendom during 191 I. Openings which Call so Mightily for Immediate Large Financial Gifts to Missions in 1911. Recognition and Response.

"Men and Religion Forward Movement" Including a Foreign Missionary Pur- Cheerful and Confident Reliance upon God's Power pose in Its Program. to Raise Up Agencies Specially Adapted to Meet Special Attention to Missions at the Baptist and Methodist World Conferences. Favorable Testimonies During the Year to the Value of Foreign Missions by Every Emergency which May Arise in the On- Public Men, Travelers, and Authors. ward Movement of His Kingdom. .

Courage and Devotion Exhibited by Missionaries on the Fields. Adequate Support of Missionaries Already Sent Out Long and Fruitful Lives of Veterans Who Have Died in 1911. by the Churches. Special prayer for the large Providential Protection of Missionaries in Times of Peril. contingent enlisted in 191 I. Rise of Native Leaders in Mission- I.ands, -and Inclease ofthe-Native Ministry. – Growing Liberality of Christians in Mission Churches. – Board of Missions in Uganda. Growing Appreciation of Missions, and Enlarged Vision of Their Importance by A Firm Belief in the Coming Development of an Ori- the Churches of Christendom. ental Christendom Which is to be Itself an Instru- Increasingly Favorable Attitude of the Public Press toward Missions. Continued Enlargement of the Opportunities of Christian Missions in the World. ment That God Will Use to Establish His King- dom in the East.

Testifying to Our Faith in Missions When We Know through Study and Observation that They Are Coming to the Throne of Siam of a King Kindly Disposed toward Missions. Worthy of Confidence.

Diamond Jubilee of Missions in Natal. Making It Our Duty to Interest Ourselves in the General Missionary Conference in Nyasaland. Growth and Development of the Church in the Kuling Convention and Its Urgent Call for New Missionaries for China. Mission Fields.

Conference of Indian Women at Allahabad to Consider Social Reform and the Deepening Our Interest in the Great Unoccupied Fields of the World. Betterment of Woman's Condition in India. Political, Social, Economic, and International Changes Favorable to the Advance- ment of the Kingdom of God Among the Nations. Promoting the Translation of the Scriptures into Development of a Progressive National Spirit Among Asiatic Peoples. Languages as yet Without the Bible. . New Opium Agreement between Great Britain and China. Evangelistic Successes and Educational Progress in 1911. Confronting the Spread of Islam with a Loyal and Sacrificial Effort to Vindicate the Oaims of Enlargement of Medical Missions During the Past Year. Growth of the Philanthropic Spirit in Mission Lands. Christ, and Entbrone Him in Moslem Hearts.

Transforming Influence of Christianity upon Asiatic Religions. Special Provision and Generous Disbursement on the Signs of the Gradual Christianization of some of the Great Nations of the East. Part of the Church. for the Training ,"d Support Opening of Bible-Training Schools in the Far East.-Visit of Drs. W. W. and of Native Evangelis~ and Preachers, b1 Whose J. C. White. Hands Will Be Eventually the Winning of the Nations. Conference of Chinese Students Studying in Colleges of the United States. Groups of Chinese Students Supported by the Boxer Indemnities Entering Ameri- Seeking by Every Proper Means to Secure the Revo- cation of the Constitutional Prohibition of the can Educational Institutions. Bible in Modem Greek, the Common Language of Organization of the China Sunday School Union. the People of Greece. A Free Bible in the Ver- Formation of the Korea Sunday School Association. nacular is Now the Boon of Almost Every Mis- Establishment of the Korea Medical Missionary Association. sion Field. Why Should It Be Denied to the First Triennial Conference of the Evangelistic Association of China. Greeks? Movement to Establish Pierson Memorial Bible-School in Korea.

Organization of the Educational Federation of Christian Missions in Korea.

Establishment of a Bible Institute System in Korea for the Education and Intercessory Prayer, Urgent, Continuous, and Special, Training of Church Workers. for the Progress of Missions Throughout the Indian Christian Congress, Madras, October 1st-7th. World. Pray, "for All Things Are Now Ready." National Missionary Society of India-Conference at Bangalore, September. Central Board of Missions in England seeking restriction of Liquor Traffic in Importunate Prayer for a Great Increase of Spiritual Earnestness, Sincerity, and Power in the Home Nigeria. Churches of Christendom. Student Conferences on Mission Fields. Holding Firmly and Loyally to the Essential and Fun- Progress of Unity and Cooperation on Mission Fields. damental Truths of the Gospel, as both the Buis and Justification of Missions, and ~ing Our New Buildings on Mission Fields. Devout Personal Allegiance to Our Lord and The "World in Boston," and "The Orient in Providence." Increasing PopUlarity Master.

of Missionary Exhibits. Universal Races Congress, London.

MISSIONARY ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FOR 1911

universal, and also superior to the tional Bible Society of Scotland. It claims of political and national ties. was the Diamond Jubilee of the Ze- Under these auspices the conference nana Bible and Medical Mission, of tended wonderfully to soften and the American Baptist Telugu Mission quiet the old sectarian antipathies in India, and of the establishment of which had been for centuries past missions in Natal, and the centennial traditional features of the religious of Judson's appointment as a miS- life of Western Asia. sionary to India.

An Interesting Anniversary: The New Recruits to the Front: The Student Volunteer Movement for year has been significant in view of Foreign Missions celebrated its twen- the number of new missionaries com- ty-fifth anniversary on September missioned and sent out by the so- 10th, at Mount Hermon, Mass. Its cieties of Christendom. The sum record is phenomenal, in that it has total apparently exceeds that of any enlisted nearly 5,000 young and reported year since Christ came to strong recruits for foreign mission- inaugurate the great mission of His ary service, has held large and no- Church. The Board of Foreign Mis- table student conventions, and nu- sions of the Presbyterian Church merous conferences, given a body of in . the United States, counts it a fresh and able literature on missions, record year, having sent out 82 new adapted to popular use, and especially recruits during the first ten months to the needs of mission study classes, of the year. The American Baptist kept its secretaries in touch with the Foreign Missionary Society reports students of the country, and enrolled 42. The Church Missionary Society its bands in almost every educational contingent numbered 64. The Ameri- institution of the Continent. The can Board reported 73 at the annual mission study enrolment of 1910 was meeting in October, its previous larg- 29,322, in 2,379 classes, in 596 insti- est record being 40. The Protestant tutions; and the 191 I figures are even Episcopal Board has commissioned 39, more remarkable-the institutions the Methodist Episcopal (South) 26, numbering 661, the classes 2,531, and the Methodist Episcopal (North) 91, the students 34,006. The Student the United Presbyterian Church IS.

Volunteer Movement is both an The reports from several other so- achievement and an inspiration in the cieties indicate considerable additions interests of world-wide missions. to their missionary enrolment. The Similar Student Volunteer Move- sum total of new missionaries sent, or ments are in successful operation in to be sent, to the foreign field, by all Great Britain, on the European con- societies of Christendom, is not, how- tinent, and in several prominent mis- ever, available at the date of this sion fields of Asia and Africa. writing.

We may note also in passing that Improved Facilities for Training 19II was the Jubilee Year of the Wo- Missionary Candidates: The Foreign man's Union Mis~ionary Society of Missions Conference of North Amer- America, and of the Gassner, Leipsic, ica at its meeting in January, 19II, and North German Missionary So- appointed a "Committee on the For- cieties of Germany, and of the Na- mation of a Board of Missionary

Studies" for North America. The stituency. The Educational Depart- Edinburgh Conference, through Com- ment of the Presbyterian Board of mission V, on "The Preparation of the U. S. A. reports 1,326 mission Missionaries," had already recom- study classes in 1911, and a total mended this step. The committee membership of 17,465. Other churches appointed prepared an elaborate re- are not less alert in promoting this port, and on June 8th constituted valuable asset of the systematic study the Board, which will consist of 36 of missions. The Missionary Edu- members, Dr. W. Douglas Macken- cation Movement, the Woman's Cen- zie being requested to act as chair- tral Committee on the United Study man, and Mr. F. P. Turner as of Missions, the Young Men's and secretary. A similar proposal, under the Young Women's Christian Asso- the auspices of the new Conference ciations, the Society of Christian En- of Mission Secretaries, has also been deavor, the Epworth League, the Bap- adopted in Great Britain, in the for- tist Young People's Union, the mation of a "Board of Study for the Luther League, and, especially, the Preparation of Missionaries." The Student Volunteer Movement, are all opening of the "Hartford School of giving attention to facilities for the Missions," in affiliation with the Hart- study of missionary history and prog- ford Theological Seminary and the ress. British and Continental so- Hartford School of Religious Peda- cieties are also enlisting large ac- gogy, is still another move during cessions to their study classes, for the past year in the interests of a whose use special text-books have been more thorough preparatory training published during 1911, following pre- for missionary candidates. Dr. Ed- vious annual issues. An International ward Warren Capen is the organiz- Conference of Mission Study Leaders ing secretary. The Potsdam Semi- was held at Lunteren, Holland, in nary, at Potsdam, Germany, under September, 191 I. Sixty-one delegates, the direction of Dr. Johannes Lepsius, from 13 countries, were present, and is for the special training of mission- an International Mission Study Coun- aries to Moslems. In China a Bible cil was formed, with Mr. Harry Wade Teachers' Training Institute has been . Hicks as president.

opened as the result of the visit of A Year of Progress and Exten- Dr. W. W. White. In Korea it is sion: In whatever direction we turn, proposed to open a number of such tidings of growth and enlargement institutes at various stations. One of seem to greet us. The Laymen's Mis- them is to be "The Arthur T. Pier- sionary Movement has been making son Memorial Bible School." good, with its enormous distribution The Growth of Mission Study of missionary literature, its frequent Classes: The systematic study of conventions and conferences, its'every missions seems to have found increas- member canvasses, its promotion of ing favor' in church circles, and in more systematic plans for increased educational institutions. Almost every financial support to missions, an'd its prominent mlsslOnary agency in campaign of missionary' education. It Christendom is giving special atten- is now extending itself in similar" or- tion: to this matter throughout its oon- ganizations throughout Christendom,

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FOR 1911

finding no ecclesiastical barriers which dents in China and South America. bar its progress, and, when neces- The Chinese National Convention of sary, adjusting itself easily to any the Y. M. C. A. for 1911 was apspecial church affiliation. It has re- pointed to meet at Shanghai in Nocently been established in India, Cey- vember. lon, Hawaii, New Zealand, and Australia. The Y. W. C. A. has sent three new secretaries from the United Did our space permit, detailed ac- States, and one from Great Britain, counts of the growth of Christian to China, is giving special attention Endeavor, with its increase from 400 to Bible instruction in government to 781 societies in China, its native and private schools, is in receipt of staff of eleven provincial secretaries urgent appeals for secretaries from in India, with 1,337 societies, and also Fuchau, Osaka, and Rio de Janeiro, of the progress of the Epworth has opened a department of physical League and kindred organizations in culture in Calcutta, and made proforeign fields might also be given. vision in its National Training School for a course of special preparation The Missionary Education Move- for those desirous of becoming secrement has added four text-books to its taries in foreign lands. The nurriber previous list of twenty, three mem- of secretaries sent out in the past bers to its official staff of workers, three years exceeds the number sent has adopted missionary expositions during the preceding fifteen years, as it feature of its educational plans, and the official requests now in hand and reports a total attendance of call for more. additional secretaries 1,292 at its seven summer confer- than are in service abroad. enceS. The Bible an Imperishable and The enlargement of the foreign Growing Asset: The Tercentenary departments of the Young Men's and of the Authorized Version of the Engthe YouQ-g Women's Christian Asso- lish Bible has come and gone with ci"ations promises to give an increas- 1911. The influence of that grand ingly prominent and powerful place version in promoting missionary into these efficient agencies on the for- telligence and zeal has been incalcueign field. The Y. M. C. A. reports lable, and the honors paid to it by a financial increase of $2,000,000, English-speaking peoples throughout making possible sixty new buildings the world have testified to the high in the foreign mission fields, the addi- value placed upon it as an asset in all tion of thirty to its foreign secretarial that is uplifting and ennobling in instaff, making in all 140 secretaries dividual apd national life. The rein seventeen countries, a special evan- ports of all the Bible societies indigelistic tour in India, China, and cate continuous and unremitting toil Korea, by Mr. George Sherwood to provide the translated Word in the Eddy, resulting in large groups of vernacular of peoples and tribes who, earnest inquirers who have pledged as yet. have not been blest with access themselves to the daily devotional to its spiritual treasures. The year study of the Bible, and the estab- 191 I has brought this heavenly gift lishment, in addition, of special sum- to multitudes who began the year mer conferences for government stu-

without it. The British and Foreign sionary work of the American and Bible Society reports eight new ver- British Tract Societies.

sions, three for Asia, three for Cen- Christian and Educational Litera- tral Africa, and two for islands of ture in the Languages of Mission the Far East. The total of new Fields: Reports covering the year translations in 1911, promoted by all I9II are not yet available, but the societies, will not be less than twenty. annual reports issued in 191 I, which In addition, two incomplete versions usually cover portions of that and the have been finished. The revision of previous year, give indicatio'ns of a existing versions has been going on, large output of mission presses. The even in such important languages as Presbyterian Press at Beirut added Japanese, the Chinese Wenli and 40,000,000 pages to its previous is- Mandarin, and the Malayalam and sues. The Presbyterian Press at Sinhalese. Shanghai has a record of 77,671,000, The total issue of the B. F. B. S. and there are 9,000,000 pages to the reported in I9II amounts to almost credit of the Methodist Publishing 7,000,000 copies, in 432 languages House at Madras. These are but and dialects. Of this immense num- samples of the untiring activity of ber about 4,250,000 went to the mis- printing facilities established under sion fields of Africa, Asia, South and miss;on auspices in world-wide fields.

Central America, and the Russian The combined output for a single year Empire. We have not space to refer of the 127 mission presses listed in in detail to the 191 I issues of the the "World Atlas of Christian Mis- National Bible Society of Scotland, sions" (page 124) would represent a the Trinitarian Bible Society, the Bible mighty volume of literature made 'ac- Translation Society, or the Nether- cessible to minds and hearts eager for lands and other Continental Bible so- light and guidance in the new era of cieties. The American Bible Society opportunity which is dawning upon reports the issue of 1,622,008 volume!> the whole round world. In the Chi-'

by its agencies abroad, the circula- nese Recorder for July, 19I1 (page tion in China being phenomenal, and 426), is found a quarterly statement amounting to about 1,000,000 copies. of "Books in Preparation" for Chi- Issues in new languages are reported nese readers and students. They in three instances. The completed number in all 43, and this does not Bible has been given during the year include a further list of "Recent An- to Korea, and the Sheetswa Olel nouncements," numbering 27. The Testament has been finished. The re- China Medical lottrnal for January, vision of the Zulu Scriptures is re- I9II, gives a list of twenty valuable ceiving careful attention. The total medical and surgical works ready issues for the year of the A. B. S. for use in Chinese. The above record number 3,231,722 volumes, and the for China refers to books alone, and colporteurs in the service of the so- does not include tracts.

ciety during this year number 1,025. Missionary Literature Issued in the Limitations of space prevent our Languages of Christendom: The last speaking of the extensive foreign mis- decade has witnessed a phenomenal

19121 MISSIONARY ASSETS ANn LIABILITtE:S Foa

increase in the literature of mis- "Growth of the Missionary Con- sions. The additions of 1911 are cept," Buckley's "Theory and Prac- many of them of exceptional interest. tice of Foreign Missions," Wolf's The mission study books alone would "Missionary Heroes of the Lutheran mark the year as an unusual one. Church," Clarke's "Among the Tribes Speer's "The Light of the World," in Southwest China," Grubb's "An Zwemer's "The Unoccupied Mission Unknown People in an Unknown Fields of Africa and Asia," Fraser's Land," Pfander's "Mizanu'l Haqq" "Pagan Africa" ( issued also under (Balance of Truth), Revised and En- the title of "The Future of Af- larged Edition by the Rev. W. St. rica") , Walker's "Missionary Ideals," Clair Tisdall, D.D., Rice's "Crusaders Moore's "The Land of Good Hope," of the Twentieth Century," MacGilli- Matt's "The Decisive Hour of Chris- vray's (editor) "The China Mission tian Missions," Eddy's "Asia Awa- Year Book, 191 I," "Report of the kening," Weatherhead's "Uganda: A Conference of the World's Student Chosen Vessel," Gerdener's "Studies Christian Federation, Robert College, in the Evangelization of South Af- 19I1," Speer's "The Foreign Doctor; rica," Cornaby's "The Call of Cathay," Hakim Sahib," and his "Great Lead- F. D. Walker's "Tpe Call of the ers in the World Movement," Miss Dark Continent," and Mrs. Mont- Ellinwood's "Frank Field Ellinwood: gomery's "Western Women in East- His Life and Work," Porter's "Will- ern Lands" are all instructive, and iam Scott Ament," Watson's "God's admirably adapted to the purpose Plan for Warid Redemption," Miss intended. The volumes by Dr. Mott Burton's "The Education of Women and Mrs. Montgomery, tho issued in China," Fenwick's "The Church in I9IO, were for use during the of Christ in Corea," Costain's "The winter of 1910-1911. Other vol- Life of Dr. Arthur Jackson of Manumes for more general and popu- churia," Reed's "A World Book of lar use are: Broomhall's elaborate Foreign Missions," Bishop Ingham'S study of "Islam in China," Arch- "From Japan to Jerusalem," and deacon Moule's "Half a Century in "The World Atlas of Christian Mis- China," Du Plessis's "A History of sions," jointly edited by Dennis, Christian Missions in South Africa," Beach, and Fahs, are all recent Johnson's "Night and Morning in contributions to the literature of Dark Africa," Purser's "Christian mISSIOns. Several important articles Missions in Burma," Jones's "The have also appeared in the current Modern Missionary Challenge," "Is- magazines; perhaps the most striking lam and Missions," jointly edited by and effective being by Adachi Kinno- Wherry, Zwemer, and Mylrea, "Day- suke, on "Christian Missions in light in the Harem," another volume Japan," published in the September of papers read at the Lucknow Con- Century Magazine. The Moslem ference, edited by Miss Van Sommer, World, a quarterly review, has ap- Zwemer's "The Moslem Christ," peared within the year, and the In- Macdonald's "Aspects of Islam," ternational Review of Missions will Hume's "An Interpretation of In- greet us with the opening of 1912. dia's Religious History," Goucher's The tour of Dr. G. W. Knox around

the world, inaugurating "The Union the work have been so urgent and Seminary Lectureship on Christianity necessary that in some instances a in the Far East" suggests a project of considerable deficit has resulted, in unusual interest. We regret that the spite of the fact that contributions valuable missionary literature of the have been larger than ever before. The European continent can not receive Woman's Jubilee Fund has to its here the notice it deserves. credit nearly a million dollars, and an aggregate of nearly three million may Financial Gifts to Missions in 1911 : be noted as special gifts outside of The bequest of Mr. John Stewart the regular receipts of the societies. Kennedy, which placed in the treas- ury of the Board of Foreign Mis- Some Tributes of the Year to the sions of the Presbyterian Church in Value of Missions: On February 25th the U. S. A., on February 23, 1911, The Lancet (London) has this to the munificent sum of $2,250,000, has say of the way in which the mission- marked the year as exceptional in the aries have faced the awful scourge history of missionary finance. We of pneumonic plague in China: "At understand that a supplement to this every station down the line medical will add a substantial sum to the missionaries have come forward in completed gift. Such liberality tow- the most gallant way, and borne the ard the foreign missionary enter- brunt in combatting the most ap- prise by a man of Mr. Kennedy's palling conditions. . . The struggle business sagacity, guided by an in- has been almost entirely in the hands telligent insight into the religious of medical missionaries." needs of the world, and the manifold blessings to mankind for which the Mr. Edwin J. Dingle, who has just Gospel is sponsor, has heartened the spent two years in the interior of Church, and has given stability to its China, writes in the Shanghai Mermissionary work, as well as enlarged cury a glowing tribute to the mis- for generations its equipment. In sionaries whose lives and services addition to the above, Robert College came under his observation. The received nearly $2,000,000 for its edu- tribute was prompted in reply to the cational endowment and equipment. astonishing assertions of Sir Hiram The American Board, also, reports a Maxim, and is printed in the Church noble gift of $1,000,000 to its funds, Missionary Review for April; page to be used as the D. Willis James 245. In the June issue of the same Endowment for its higher educational Review, page 339, is a statement by institutions. Mrs. John S. Kennedy Rear-Admiral Winnington-Ingram, in has also given $120,000 for the Inter- which he declares, on the strength of national College at Smyrna. A sub- what he has seen during thirty years, stantial increase in gifts is reported his firm belief in the value of foreign by almost every missionary agency, missions. especially the Reformed, Episcopal, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Congrega- We may refer also to the testimony tional, Baptist, and Methodist Episco- of a special correspondent of the .pal churches; yet the new appropria- London Times, recorded in the July tions called for by enlargement of number of the above-mentioned Re- view, page 391, who, writing from North Africa while on a recent visit

MISSIONARY ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FOR

to Fez, exprest his surpr.ize at the Viscount Terauchi, the Japanese friendly attitude of the populace Governor-General of Korea, and toward Europeans. He attributed the Count Okuma, have also spoken words marked change from former fanati- of appreciation and gratitude. cism and hatred to the "devoted medical and educational work that The foregoing will serve as illusthe missionaries have done among trations of a trend of testimony from the poorer classes," and traces also public men, travelers, and correspond- "a very considerable international ef- ents, whose statements are based upon fect to this kindly ministry of mis- personal observation, and are becomsions." ing increasingly numerous and un- equivocal. The readers of Dr. Speer's Dr. Sven Hedin, the Tibetan ex- "The Light of the World" will find a plorer, says: "The more I get to chapter made up entirely of collated know about the missionaries, the testimonies from well-known Asiatics more I admire their quiet, unceasing, who have had the best of opportuand often thankless labors." He nities to know the benefits and fruits writes further of their education, their of the Christianity for which missions intelligent knowledge of the people stand. The courage and devotion examong whom they dwell, and the hibited by missionaries on the fields great conflict to which their life is has been made the text of admiring given, to win a victory for light tributes in the public press, both at where ignorance and darkness pre- home and abroad. The heroism whicQ. vail. has faced plague, cholera, and the perils of violence, has been nobly in We might quote further from evidence during the year. President Taft and ex-President Roosevelt, both of whom have spoken Long and Fruitful Lives of Veterduring the year admiringly of the ans Who Have Died in 19II: The work of missions. roll call of the year includes such honored names as Hepburn, vVyckoff, In the Spirit of Missions for June, DeForest, and Miss Talcott, of Japan, page 474, is a remarkable address by Wilson and McGilvary, of Siam, Baldthe Viceroy of Manchuria, in which win, McCarthy, Stuart, W. H. Murhe refers with gratitude and deep ray, and Anderson, of China,McFarfeeling to the services of Dr. Jack- lane, of the South Seas and New son, a young British missionary, in Guinea, Alexander, Newton, Messthat plague-stricken province. We more, Sikemeier, Martin, Bonar, note also that the Governor of Ger- Nowroji, Mrs. Sorabji, and Miss man New Guinea recently exprest in Wilder, of India, Bishop Stuart, of no measured terms his indebtedness Persia, ana Bishop Ridley, of Canada; to the missionaries residing within his Kalopothakes, of Greece, Kropf, of jurisdiction. Kaffraria, and Pearse, of Madagas- car. Dr. A. T. Pierson, whose serv- We might add, moreover, the strong ice in the interests of missions has affirmations of Governor Sir W. Eger- been so memorable, died in June, and ton, of Nigeria, and of Governor Dr. Gustav Warneck, the great stu- Sir Arthur Lawley, of Madras, as to dent and historian of missions, left the value of missionary education as an aid to government administration.

us during the closing days of 1910, for other fields is, in proportion to but his monumental life work re- their size, not less encouraging. Chimains. Dr. George Robson, whose nese evangelists are about to enter long life of usefulness was crowned at Tibet, and there is reason to believe the Edinburgh Conference, passed that they will not meet with the opaway in August. The year in which position which has hitherto greeted such lives of service have ended be- foreigners. comes memorable in the history of missions. This home-call of veterans Growing Liberality of Christians in with, in some instances, 50 and even Mission Churches} and a Growing 65 years of service to their credit, in Appreciation of Missions at Home: no way dims the remarkable record We hear not only of the establishwhich the year presents of providen- ment of a "Board of Missions" under tial protection to missionaries in times native auspices in Uganda, but of of peril. pledges by the Baganda Christians to raise £ 10,000 toward the rebuild- Rise of Native Leaders in Mission ing of their cathedral at Mengo, to Lands: Conspicuous among them we match the £ 10,000 raised by Bishop may name the Rev. Ding-Li-Mei, of Tucker in England. The West of China, an evangelist of Pauline sta- Africa, as reported by Bishop Tugture. The Rev. C. Y. Cheng, the well, of the Diocese of Western Equa- Chinese member of the Continuation torial Africa, is not behind in its Committee, is an honor to his country, liberality, since its native Christian as well as to the Church of Christ. contributions were £16,000 last year, Professor Chung and Dr. Ming are with, incidentally, a list of 10,000 also well known. A galaxy of names catechumens and 2,800 baptisms durcomes to mind at once for Japan and ing the year. India. The Methodist Missionary Society Another typical man is Kim Chang of Australasia, in its report issued in Chun, of Korea, an energetic personal 19II, recounts (page 15) the splenworker, whose diary reports that did liberality of the mission churches within six months he has commended in Fiji. In all, the sum of £4,626 Christ to over 3,000 individuals. In is reported in detail. In one of the World-Wide Missions for July, 19II, Circuits of Papua an increase over is an illustrated article giving bio- the previous year of £ 150 is noted graphical sketches of eight native (page 2I). The record of increased leaders in several mission fields. contributions in Korea, and in the Presbyterian Mission in West Africa, A well-known leader in India is the can hardly be matched in all the Rev. V. S. Azariah, who is, we under- world, when ev~t:y feature of the local stand, already selected as the first situation is taken into account. Surely bishop from the Indian Christian com- the day of independence and selfmunity, and is soon to be consecrated, support, as well as of self-governunder Anglican auspices. Candidates ment, in the mission churches, is apfor the ministry in mission fields are proaching. a cheering asset. Hangchow College reports 34 pledged this past year. The There are signs, also, of a growroll call for China is la:rge, and that ing appreciation of missions, and an

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FOR 1911

enlarged vision of their importance, come beneficent changes which will in the Churches of Christendom, and bring permanent benefits to mankind, of an increasingly favorable attitude and open the way for the extension of the public press toward the mis- of the kingdom of peace and right- sionary enterprise. At the same time, eousness. the enlargement of opportunities for the extension of missionary effort in Evangelistic, Educational, and M edi- all parts of the world is phenomenal. cal Progress in 1911: In the Pres- It is quite true, as Dr. Barton says, byterian Mission in West Africa, out that "missions are the most successful of the ignorance and darkness of age- Christian work in the world to-day," long heathenism, 510 communicants and they "provide the best sanitary were admitted to the Church during safeguard for the world," as well as the year, and there were 5,000 catethe most "substantial guarantee of its chumens under instruction, with a peace and order." view to possible church-membership. Reports from China indicate a large Changes Among the Nations Fa- evangelistic harvest. Korea has an vorable to the Advancement of the astonishing roll call of conversions. Kingdom of God: A new and mili- If we go back of 1911, it is computed tant national spirit among Asiatic that an average of one convert has peoples, and even among African confest Christ every hour since Protraces, must be reckoned with, but estant missions entered Korea, twenty- God's guidance and control can make six years ago. The station of Syen it an ally of the everlasting kingdom. Chyun, opened ten years ago, reports The facilities of modern civilization 144 churches in its territory, 8,880 are changing the outlook, and modi- communicants, and 27,016 adherents fying the development of ancient na- of Christianity. At Pyeng Yang, antions, but it must not be overlooked other Korean station, 2,417 new conthat they are also helpful to missions. verts were baptized during the last Means of communication and travel year, and 42 new churches were built all subserve to the work of missions. in the field of which it is the head The 637 miles of railroad in Korea, station. The communicants received the new lines of steam communica- on confession by the Presbyterian tion which are penetrating China, and Mission in Korea last year numbered ramifying into the interior of Africa, 6,823, a net increase of 17.8 per cent. are all available for missionary tran- The first Presbyterian General Assit. sembly of Korea is called to meet at Pyeng Yang, September, 1912. In In- Even wars and revolutions may be dia the new census report indicates a overruled for good, and the estab- large increase in the Christian populalishment of better social and political tion. Spiritual interest is reported in conditions. It is the testimony of Nyasaland, a large ingathering in Burhistory that old tyrannies die hard, ma, and an awakening of special powand must usually go down in blood- er in Assam. A striking feature of shed and violence. The year 1911 evangelism in mission fields is now has witnessed remarkable upturnings the interest and energy which native of war and revoll!tion; let us hope Christians themselves are manifesting. that out of the turmoil and strife may

The Evangelistic Association of the in-patients in missionary hospitais China is a striking example. in India in 1910 as 48,913, and 3,185,663 attendances in dispensaries, Educational progress is too large with 27,978 visits to homes. Surgical a subject to enter upon in detail here. operations were 6,770 (major), and Universities and colleges seem to 55,024 (minor). loom up in every direction, and in China especially higher educational Signs of the Gradual Christianizainstitutions seem to develop with sur- tion of Some of the Great Nations of prizing speed, while the whole cur- the East: In Japan this has not been riculum of instruction, from the vil- as rapid as at one time it promised to lage school upward, is receiving fresh be, but thoughtful leaders are recogattention. The progress of mission- nizing that Japan is in woful need ary education in China is marked by of religious and ethical bases for its union of hitherto competing institu- best national and social development.. tions, rather than of individualistic Christianity is in the lead, and the and denominational expansion. Alla- number of Christians who are aphabad College in India, tho founded pointed to positions of influence and only ten years ago, has an enrolment responsibility are increasing. Mission of 300 in its college course, and federation and church union in Japan about 700 hundred more in its pre- are receiving much attention, and vaparatory department. In countries rious Christian organizations for the where missions are located in a Mos- promotion of religious life and servlem environment the desire of Mo- ice are multiplying. Evangelistic and hammedans to avail themselves of the educational progress in China is putmissionary facilities of education is ting into action subtle and powerful quite phenomenal. This is especially forces for the development of the true in Persia, and, to some extent, higher life of the nation. The great throughout Turkey. Almost all the and effective fight for the suppression missionary schools and colleges in of the opium curse is notably creditthe fields find it impossible to receive able to China, and is no doubt largely the throngs desiring to enter. The due to the Christianizing influence of Madura College of the American missions, in cooperation with a mar- Board, for example, "opens this year velous movement of public opinion. with the number of its students mul- The new opium agreement between tiplied fourfold." The project of Great Britain and China, which was Christian univerSlhes for China, signed the eighth of last May, is Japan, India, and Egypt is claiming thought by the correspondent of the the earnest attention of the resident London Times to forecast the end of missionaries and the Christian com- the trade within two years. munities of those lands. Korea, unless all signs fail, will be- In medical and philanthropic mis- come eventually a Christianized nasionary service much might be said of tion, and will represent a religious steady advance in 1911. A number seriousness and a spiritual and moral of new hospitals and dispensaries earnestness which is not often discovhave been opened. Medical Missions erable even in the older nations of in India for October, 1911, reports Christendom. Nations may not as

MISSIONARY ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FOR 1911

yet be "born in a day," but the birth groups of 70 or more, supported by hour is surely hastening on in the case the money of the Boxer indemnities of great nations whose swift move- returned to China by the United ments toward monumental changes no States Government, an evel'-memoone could have forecast or suspected. rable act of international considera- tion and courtesy. The present up- Conferences· on Mission Fields: heavals in China may interfere for a These are multiplying in Japan, time with this interesting movement. China, Korea, and India. Many of them are student conferences, or sum- Progress of Unity and Cooperation mer schools and camps. The name on Mission Fields: The movement of "Chinese Silver Bay" was given toward unity seems to have won the to one of these conferences held dur- heart and controlled the purpose of ing the year at Kuling, China. An missionaries and native Christians important conference at Mokanshan almost everywhere in mission lands. followed Kuling. The first Inter- The "Conference of Federated Misnational Student Summer Confer- sions" and the "League for the Proence in South America was held motion of the Union of Christian in January. In South Africa a Churches" are signs of the tendency student conference in which the Mos- in Japan. China has educational lem menace was especially considered union in full swing at several imwas held at Graaff Reinet, and a large portant centers, such as Peking, Nan- General Missionary Conference in king, Tsinan-Fu,Vei Hsien, Teing- Nyasaland. An Indian Christian chowfu, Chentu, and elsewhere, while Congress was held in Madras in Oc- a movement for federation is under tober, in September came the First way, to be inaugurated in each South India National Missionary Con- province of China. "The Evangelical ference at Bangalore; again in the Union of South America" was same month the General Assembly of formed during the year. In India the South India Church Federation at much has already been accomplished Madras, and in May occurred the in uniting churches of similar polity Christian Conference of Travancore and kindred creeds. In South Africa and Cochin, at Kottayam. This was a "Basis of Union" has been drawn unique in that it brought together the up, to be submitted to the Baptist, Nestorian, Catholic, and Protestant Congregationalist, and Presbyterian communities of the ancient Syrian churches who are seeking to unite. Christian Church to plan and pray On the Pacific Coast an interdenomitogether for the social and religious national movement has organized ituplift of the whole Syrian Christian self into an "Oriental Workers' Ascommunity. sociation" for purposes of comity and cooperation in the care of over 100,- At Princet<?n, New Jersey, as- 000 Orientals living along the borders sembled during the year a conference of the Pacific. Nothing has occurred of Chinese· students studying in col- in 1911 which will prove any serious leges of the United States. There barrier to the onward movement of are at present 665 Chinese students in a deep-seated and firm purpose of the educational institutions of North missionaries throughout the world America, and they were coming in

to be united in their glad allegiance not ignored. An able and competent to one Lord, and in their common ef- representative gave due credit to the forts to gather into the one kingdom value of missions as carrying a help- all races and conditions of mankind. ful and inspiring message of higher The ecclesiastical climate of mission brotherhood, and in their own sphere fields, barring here and there a lin- working for the establishment of a gering chill in the air, is mild and superracial solidarity.

genial as compared with the not dis- In closing these comments upon tant past. A tendency in the churches the assets, note should be taken of under missionary auspices to frater- an incalculable surplus which is be- nize in mutual helpfulness, and pre- hind them. Over and above all the sent a united front, is more and more visible assets of the missionary enter- in evidence. The imported denomi- prise may be recorded the purpose national distinctions, not always and power of the Almighty, cooper- marked in the past by the kindliest ating with human agency in the ef- attitude, are being quietly ignored or fort at world redemption. The latent gently turned down as not congenial resources of the Church are there, in a Christian Church which stands too, and who can estimate the grand alone in the face of a solid and possibilities of a more consecrated mighty heathenism. and sacrificial service on the part of "The World in Boston" and ((The a Church entering boldly and loyally Orient in Providence"-Increasing into the arena of moral conflict with Popularity of Missionawy E.x-hibits: evil, and using faithfully the spiritual The two exhibitions mentioned above weapons of its warfare, wielded with were successful and widely useful. the gracious power of all-conquering They are examples of a method love?

which has large possibilities in the Liabilities direction of an effective and visible Conservation and Guidance of the demonstration of the value of mis- Interest Awakened by the Woman's sions. The plan is one which is in National Foreign Missionary Jubilee: popular use in Great Britain and on The guiding into useful activity of the Continent. The Basel Missionary all the potential forces awakened Society has a "Traveling Missionary and vivified by the Woman's Mis- Exhibit" which it sends from place to sionary Jubilee in its memorable place. Some British societies· have progress across the Continent is inaugurated a "United Missionary Ex- surely an urgent liability. In the hibit" representing the work of several October campaign much was, no societies in the same exposition. doubt, accomplished, and a noble ef- The Universal Races Congress: fort to discharge this obligation was The Congress was held while Lon- made by the leaders and the now don, and, in fact, all England, was multitudinous friends of the jubilee in the throes of a constitutional crisis, celebration. The women of all the and the proceedings of the Congress churches have been enlisted as never were therefore somewhat overshad- before under the banner of missions, owed. It was not distinctively in the and their attention has been turned interests of missions, tho they were to sources of information and in-

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FOR 1911

spiration. Their consciousness of liability wnich stands in bald and gi- solidarity and their joyous recogni- gantic significance over against all tion of common aims and happy pos- the cumulative assets of the past, as sibilities of united action and of heart- well as the resourceful assets of the to-heart intimacy in Christ's service present, and grips them with a pas- have been made matters of charming sion of desire, and a claim of rightful and gladsome experience. The glow ownership. and cheer of it all has surely im- Conservation and Extension of Past parted a new fascination to missions, Missionary Successes: One of the and many a heart has thrilled "..ith arts of war is to follow up a victory. the vision of a hitherto unknown land An advantage gained should become flowing with milk and honey. This a purpose formed and a hope kindled. is not, however, a matter which ap- There should be no ungathered harpeals to women only; it should hearten vests in the husbandry of missions, the entire Church, irrespective of de- and the word retrenchment should be nominational affiliation, as one of taken out of the vocabulary of mis- God's happy vindications of the latent sionary plans. The Careys, the Morheart power in His loyal disciples to risons, the Livingstones, should have respond with alert discernment to a eager and courageous successors from fresh call of opportunity. The Wo- the young ranks of the twentieth cenman's Jubilee should awaken nobler tury. The world fields have ripened and deeper consecration in the whole wonderfully in the past centurymembership of the Christian Church. even in the past decade-and 191 I Deepening the Interest Already has added its quota of ripened grain. Awakened in the Missionary Enter- Let us reap the harvests made ready prise, and Invoking a New Enthusi- for us, and let us not fail to sow in asm for God's Great Message tf) our day the seed of another harvest Mankind: There is much to be done to be ready for those who follow us. in this realm of missionary passion. Limitations of space will not allow The Church's esprit de corps in the further comment upon the liabilities execution of its great commission is enumerated in the balance-sheet. Such capable of a magnificent awakening additional comment is perhaps unwhich might thrill the world. Its called for, since each item on the present somewhat irresolute struggles balance-sheet carries its own appeal, need a tonic of spiritual enthusiasm, and will elicit from candid and symand a vision of those possibilities pathetic hearts its proper response. which loyal cooperation with God One comprehensive obligation can would soon transfigure into realities not, however. be passed without noabout which we now only dream. The tice: it is the ever-present duty of Church in this great matter of re- using to the best advantage the redemption for all mankind may not sources available to a living and loyal improperly be regarded as sparing Church. Undeveloped resources and itself, and in some respects even com- unused power accentuate neglected forting itself, while its Lord Christ duty which it is to the spiritual damwaits in the travail of His yearning aRe. and, shall we say, to the business soul, and is not satisfied. Here is a discredit of the Church to ignore.

THINGS AFRICANS LEARN TO MAKE AT THE

WHAT MISSIONARIES ARE DOING IN WEST AFRICA BY REV. MELVIN FRASER, EBOLEWOLO, KAMERUN, WEST AFRICA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of FDreign MissiDns .~"''',..~~¢ HINGS worth while size and importance. Besides the are being accom- humble but comfortable missionary residences, where peace and joy, plain plished in the West living and high thinking are recognized to be the ideal, and the domesticity Africa missions- is a standing object-lesson to the ob- serving native at a station, there are it bears the marks the church, the schoolhouses, the dor- mitories, the hospital and dispensary, of a paying enter- some gardens, and perhaps a tennis- court. In the division and interdeprise. After three-quarters of a cen- pendence of labor, these all are sup- posed to work together automatically tury of unspeakable struggle, the seal for good, and constitute a kind of clearing-house, to which the natives of God's favor has been set upon come with their troubles,. plans, ills and anxieties-and other products of strenuous efforts to present His Son exchange.

Jesus Christ to these dusky people of Let the roll of the stations be called. Benito (1864), in Spanish Guinea, the West Coast. – with fluctuating fortunes among the Kombe, and flanked by the Fang press- Come down into the Gulf of Guinea, where the geographical bounds of the mission will be found back of a two- hundred-mile coast-line north of the Equator. Here the victory is being won chiefly around the older stations on the coast and those on the interior frontier.

There are six stations of varying

12 ] WHAT MISSIONARIES ARE DOING IN WEST AFRICA

ing coastward; Batanga (1889), in who can tell when he ceases to breathe German Kamerun, among the Benoka some of the atmosphere of the place and Bepuk, bordering on the Mebeya which was to him none other than the and serving as landing-place and door house of God, the gate of. heaven. Let of ingress to the interior; Efulan the stations stand so. (1893), among the Bulu and in touch with the Ntum at the southeast; Elat Interlocked with the mission is the (1896), among the Bulu and charged Presbytery of Corisco, of the Synod with advanced work, industrial and of New Jersey. On account of so theological; MacLean Memorial, at much identity of interest and person- Lolodorf (1897), founded and fos- nel, these two bodies are inseparable tered by the generous gifts of and interdependent. In the Presbytery Miss Margaret MacLean, of Scotland, are 16 churches, with a total memberamong the Ngumba, near to shifting ship of 2,763. The average of accessettlements of Dwarfs, on the main sions to each church on confession of government road to the far interior, faith in Jesus Christ last year was 28. and thus in touch with countless cara- The average in N ew York Presbytery vans; Metet (1910), the infant and was 26; in Chicago Presbytery 18; in outpost in the group, but with the beginnings of a giant work, among the our Presbyterian Church at large 7- Bene, and contiguous to the Yewondo at the north and the Mekae and other a Scriptural number, sure enough. numerous peoples at the east. At Let the statistics go for what they are Baraka, in the French Kongo, recently worth in the last analysis, but we think reduced in status for want of needed that they are worth more here than reenforcements, and Corisco Island, there. Systematic siftings take place under Spanish Government, associated before each communion, and long prowith founders of the mission, the home bations are served. Over five thousand of the Benga people, jlnd in isolation may be seen in the Bible schools any going steadily on with the passing fair Sunday, and four to five thousand years, our out-stations. at Elat alone at the morning service of quarterly communion, or monthly The roll-call is dry enough, but the collection. Annual reports and daily significance of anyone station, espe- life indicate all of these churches, cially of those of the interior, as fore- with one or two exceptions, to be most factor in the economy of native flourishing in accessions, giving in-. life, can not be written. The vocabu- ternal harmony and outreaching eflary fails before telling its meaning. fort. The enduring of persecution The station is affectionately mixed up and opposition belongs not to the past with all the best things around which alone. Not long ago a Bulu woman the native experience revolves. To died six days after her husband had him Benito, Efulan, Lolodorf, is the clubbed her for going to church and expression of the vine of which he is depositing her little gift of love Sunc~nsciously the branch. From the hos- day morning. At half a dozen strapitality of the station he returns to tegic places of the interior, where his town, taught, aspIring, rejOlcmg, crowds have been gathering for many a better husband, father, citizen, for months, and not a few have confest the Lord as preached chiefly by a black man who knows little more than

that whereas he was blind now he dead-line at fifty, his bow abiding.

sees, churches now need to be organ- Rev. Mbulu Ngubi, tall, no waster of ized, and there will be the task of words, incisive, of impressive serious- finding native pastors for these grow- ness in preaching and living the eternal ing flocks, and others appearing above verities, has been leading his respon- the horizon. During the past twelve sive and numerous people in green months quite more than two thousand pastures and beside still waters at people have come, many of them walk- Bvune. Bodumba Ibia, of Sauline ing days to reach Efulan, ~lat, or mien, modest and frank, still wearing Lolodorf, to tell of their weariness of the dews of youth and carrying seeds sin, and "confess God." The record of promise, is ably holding the church has been broken when during the past at Corisco, where he inherited the three months at Elat alone one thou- mantel of his sainted father, Rev. Ibia, sand men and women have come· who towered high among his fellows, tramping in to thus make themselves and is cherished in memory as a man known. The very Spirit of God is of marked ability and of weight in pul- waking up the people from their age- pit, parish, Presbytery. Rev. Eduma long slumber and setting forward the Musombani, plodding and faithful, Kingdom cif God. The very wilder- cares for his scattered people, now ness of a few years ago is blossoming over three hundred, of the Kribi into a garden of walking miracles: Church. Rev. Ndenga Pipa, the la- The mission well knows that the borious, beloved little minister, always foreign missionary, tho he be multi- and everywhere the same welcome plied by a hundred, can not and should bundle of sympathetic sunshine, of not take care of these multitudes. So good mental parts and of spiritual the definite, persistent aim is to make power, is preacher, pastor and per- the work self-extending, self-support- sonal friend to the Batanga Church ing, self-governing-that is, indige- with a membership of quite over four nous. In the days when the sense hundred. The only theology these of this necessity was not so keen and ministers know or care for is Christ the crisis not so imminent, a limited and Him crucified. In personal piety, native ministry grew up on the coast, fidelity to the Word, and saving in- and now five ordained godly men are fluence they are more to be desired doing the work of pastors among their than gold, yea, than much fine gold.

own kind. The chief and serious trouble with Let these men come forward, for our native ministers is that there is living among the submerged, they are not enough of them. Where we have not often seen of men elsewhere. Rev. one, we need ten to-day. Altho a F. S. Myongo, the corpulent and re- native ministry is not made, but grows spected boanergic nestor of the natives, by a kind of spiritual evolution, ap- has been feeding and. folding his flock propriate means are being used to at Hanji, in Spanish Guinea, with in- supply this fundamental need. Eight- creasing influence and efficiency for a een candidates are under instruction generation. His wearing qualities and care of the Presbytery. Five of and powers of leadership were long these young men will probably be ago demonstrated. He has found no licensed next August. In their pro-

BOYS AND YOUNG MEN AT THE BULU BRANCH OF THE MISSION SCHOOL, ELAT, WEST

gressive examinations in Church his- thirteen hundred pupils, while of viltory, theology, exegesis (not Greek lage schools there are, under Bfulan, and Hebrew), polity and sacraments, 17; Blat, So; Lolodorf, I I, with total they compare well with the average average attendance of SA77. Total sprig of divinity of McCormick or average of all interior schools 6,777. Princeton. For that best of all qual- All village schools are taught by Chrisities, spiritual power and singleness of tian young men of good moral record purpose, we have among the advanced and sufficiently qualified to do the candidates at least miniature remind- elementary work required. ers of a Paul, Silas, Barnabas, Timothy. And the field of these meas- These teacher-evangelists, minuteures up to the field. of those in extent men, preach regularly as a part of and variety, if not in every particular. their stated duties, and thus the Themselves do not write Greek, but schools are very dynamic in evangelthey are epistles to be read, and the ism, dealing with material in the people are placing orders which call rough. Crowds come to hear these for new editions every day. When boy preachers, for a new message is we see Bulu and Ngumba young men, to be heard. At Ngomeden the teacher clothed and in their right mind, emerg- reported over one thousand in ating into the ministry from a mass of tendance last Sabbath – Christmas abject heathenism which less than morning. From these scattered evantwenty years ago had not heard gelistic centers hundreds of persons, of the Christ, but is now pressing into touched by the wondrous power of an the Kingdom and' overflowing every endless life, come to the stations to meeting-house, it occurs that the day confess the Christ. Some, especially of miracles and that other day when head-men and their satellites, are shy Peter stood up for to preach and three of the new doctrine when they begin thousand were born again in a day, is to feel it running counter to the sway. still on, and that this is none other of their godless gods, but many of than the critical day of opportunity even these polygamists and rich ones to our beloved Zion, and of destiny- bend the iron knee, not able to stand fixing to these people unto the third up against the rising tide of sentiment and fourth generation. and the stinging darts of conviction. Men and brethren, what must I do The churches have a numerous to be saved? becomes the dominant hand-maid in the system of schools question, for just as the teaching at established which strongly tend to take the station is that the fear of the the coming generation by the forelock. Lord is the beginning of wisdom, so Benito and Batanga each has a station the telling out of the Christ is not school of modest proportion. Condi- second to the teaching of the charts tions have not been favorable to the in the village schools. These schools extension of village schools on the in the wilderness are a kind of John quasi-civilized coast. But the school- the Baptist in pioneering functionmaster is abroad in the more virgin they prepare the way. interior. Report of the year past shows at the four interior stations to- While man shall not live by bread gether. an average total attendance of alone, yet he can not live without bread. Hence industrial work. The

MISSIONARIES ARE DOING IN WEST

resources and the demands of the natives have taken to the idea of wearcountry are large. The psychology of ing clothes. The needs of foreigners, the average native, if not conspicu- too, are here met. The purpose is to ously constructive, is at least imitative. develop some of the considerable agri- He only needs to be shown how to do cultural possibilities, as kindly and exand make things of use and ornament acting Nature's basal provision for a -and he likes them. The appeal is real and permanent prosperity. Two to his latent talent, for he has some. hundred or more acres attach to each The industrial work appears to best of the stations, Metet, MacLean, Blat. advantage by a view of the Frank At the latter station there is a plan- J ames Industrial Department located tation of three thousand rubber-trees, at Blat. The other stations, especially and hundreds of thousands of seeds Bfulan, Lolodorf and Metet, have have been sent to villages in the hands hopeful industrial undertakings in a of school-boys. Mother Earth is smaller way, but the Frank James waiting to bear. And for all of these plant is organized for business, and industrial pursuits the boys are eager, is doing things. In the classes of car- as means of making a decent, honest pentry, wicker-chair making, and carv- living, and of making two or three ing twenty-eight young men are ap- spears of grass grow where one weed prentices. Members are graduated was. And the Carpenter of Nazareth, only after three years of commend- rejected by other builders, is set forth able progress and good behavior. as the ideal Man in all relations, and They become accustomed to staying at Chief in the industrial structure. the bench or lathe, and manipulating the tools to a purpose. They learn Allow;ing business in religion, as to build houses, make doors and well as religion in business, self-supsashes, safety-boxes, tables, chairs, port is at the front, and is seen to be bedsteads, chiffoniers ( for which both best and possible. The native, there are more than a score of choice born and bred with a begging bias, woods), rattan chairs and divans, needs to understand that nothing serope, and various bric-a-brac of ivory, cures nothing, and to be taught how ebony, etc. Brick and tile making and why he should stand up on his and other experimenting are in the own feet. Let precedents to the connascent plan. trary be reversed if necessary. Fail- ure here is the best way to breed a Mpasa MaIolo, a master-mechanic generation of parasites. The differand delightful Christian fellow im- ence between self-support and the ported from Duala, looks after the other thing is about the differboys in the art of doing and making ence between stimulation and stultithings, for which there is an abundant fication, in relation to efficiency and market among European merchants, character. But self-support, linked government officials and soldiers and with self-government and self-propanatives. Ten apprentices are in the gation, means indigenous growth. tailoring department, instructed by Large blessings began to come to the Bassey Ekpenyong, a competent, mission work when a unifying plan steady Christian young man from the of procedure, including a normal busi- Scottish Mission in Calabar. The ness basis, was adopted, and the broad

policy of which self-support is a vital as evidence of their faith and exprespart began to be definitely and system- sion of their love and of appreciation atically applied, suggesting-let it be of value received. said reverently-that God helps those who help themselves. The self-support plan is a complete success, both as financial aid to the All the churches, with the exception work and, better, as means of charof two, are self-supporting, and most acter-building. While the primary of them a good deal better. Some of and persistent aim is to make men, these churches needed a little time and yet incidentally money is made, by sympathetic cooperation to break away which to make more and better men, from a limping past, but they broke. and extend and establish the King- The total amount contributed by the dom of Jesus Christ unto the utterchurches last year was $3,092, and most parts. In the effort to establish some edifices were built by the people, an indigenous work, self-support and notably the tabernacle at Elat, 8oXI60 self-propagation seem to outrun selffeet, seating 5,000 people, and costing government. over one thousand dollars. This goodly sum was given, not from af- A. limited vernacular literature can fluence but comparative penury, and be mentioned. In Benga, Mpongwe because the plan was worked and the and Fang considerable portions of appeal made in the love of Christ. Scripture, catechisms, hymn-books, and other collateral printed matter The schools, too, are self-support- which has guided many through the ing, and most of them much more. darkness to the Land of Light still The sum realized from all the schools, serves its purpose, enshrined in the station and village combined, was hearts of other hundreds. The latest $3,901. The maximum tuition for a accomplishment, following the reducterm of ten weeks is but one mark tion of the Bulu dialect to written at the station schools, and one-half form, is the translation of the entire mark for eight weeks in the village New Testament into Bulu, Matthew schools, which amounts put the school to Acts, with sundry helps, having within reach of almost every lad, and been in use for years, and Romans even tho he walks ten miles and back to Revelation being practically ready each day, he usually thinks that he for the press of the American Bible is getting the best end of the bargain. Society, to which agency the work is already much indebted. The produc- The aim is to have a physician at tion of even a limited literature, in each station, and he finds a paying a heathen dialect at first chaotic and constituency-and the witch-doctors always inadequate, is somewhat of a lose their jobs.· The sick brought task, before which Hercules would $1,720 in fees last year, and gave surely have stood with respect. But gladly for their healings. The report there is a premium on every page, and of the industrial work showed re- compensation for every stroke. The ceipts to be $4,771, and value of ma- Bulu literature serves for several terial on hand to be $3,085. Thus tribes kindred of speech, or contigthrough the fourfold channel of uous geographically, as the Mebeya churches, schools, medical and indus- abutting Batanga, the Ntum at the trial work, the people gave $16,296

southeast of Efulan, the Fong north Presbyterians have only begun our of Elat, the Ngumba, Dwarfs,and job. The allotment fixt upon us the Bakoko surrounding MacLean Memo- responsibility for five million of the one rial, the Bene enveloping Metet with hundred million unevangelized peothe Yewondo at the north and others ple on this historically dark continent. at the east-a total constituency of Regard for reasonable accuracy here hundreds of thousands, who devour forbids our saying about how many the printed page with utmost avidity people have been reached in the evanas soon as they can read it stum- gelizing sense, but to say that vast blingly. A PRODUCT OF AFRICAN MISSIONS Let these things be, but the best is probably an undefinable condition, Some Bulu and Nzemba candidates for the Chrisan intangible spirit that is abroad, the tian ministry under the care Of the West Africa evolution of a better general tone of Mission. society, and, by the sweep of supremacy of the Gospel and the friendly multitudes are still untouched is German Government, the creation of farthest removed from extravagance a great opportunity. True it is that of statement. Now is not a time for inland from the coast of French Kon- looking backward, but preeminently go and Spanish Guinea are untouched time for moving forward. This imthrongs of Fang living just as for perfect taking of inventory of our centuries, in Stygian darkness, but in- very unfinished work may be partense hunger and clamoring is in doned, if a glance at it and the hear- Kamerun interior. The best results ing of its message shall bring us to accomplished are of a sort not to be our knees, and thrust us out and out measured, counted or weighed, a into this great harvest field without deep-running, wide-spread sense of rest, until He of Calvary, who placed God and sin among the people, an the commission in our hands, shall unrest and aspiration. They are beg- see of the travail of His soul and be ging for the school and the evangelist. satisfied, and these His little ones of These receptive, responsive multitudes Africa shall have the vision which, not are at once a prepared soil, and an seeing, they perish. ungathered harvest, where the resources of the always inadequate supply of missionaries are taxed to the utmost, and the Church of God is challenged.

We have tapped the current of our mission life at the nearest point of approach, and does it not bear the marks of being abundantly worth while? But while the results are much and of good quality, they are scarcely more than an earnest. We

UNITY POSSIBLE TO-DAY IN MISSIONARY WORK?

BY DR. J1JLIUS RICHTER, GERMANY HE subject of mis- field and at the same task. The in- sionary cooperation juriousness of so many disconnected formed the central beginnings was not so manifest in point of interest at those days, because the relations be- the discussion of the tween the churches in the home lands Edinburgh World were distant and cold, and they knew little or nothing of each other's ac- Missionary Conference. The discus- tivities. In the heathen world the sion on cooperation and unity reached strong antagonism prevalent among the high-water mark of that memorable peoples and tribes, combined with assembly, and was maintained through- prohibitive restrictions and impractiout on a spiritual and intellectual cable roads, constituted a formidable level rarely attained even by eccle- barrier even between neighboring dissiastical gatherings. The appointment tricts. of the Continuation Committee, as a kind of central council of the entire All this is now changed. Nonbody of Protestant Missions, was wel- christian peoples like those of Japan, comed with unanimous approval. The China, and India are more and more desire for missionary cooperation is fully understood in the intimate workobviously in the air. ings of their whole intellectual life and in its relation to their civilization. The preparatory work of the con- They are themselves becoming conference imprest upon all who took scious of such relation, and they pride part in it two convictions; first, the themselves upon it, so that they form vastness of the missionary problem, themselves into nations of a definite requiring for its solution the applica- corporate character, and step out as tion and strenuous exercise of all such to face Western civilization and available forces; second, the divided missionary enterprises. It is, therestate of Christianity and of mission- fore, incumbent upon Christian misary enterprise in face of this stupen- sions to consider whether it is not dous problem. These two facts are high time for these hundreds of inde-" so well known and have been so pendent missionary organizations to often emphasized in recent years, that step out from their isolation, and in they require few words of explana- the face of a common foe, to realize tion. their fundamental oneness of bond and aim. In the course of the last century the various Protestant missionary Missionary societies and boards societies have been led by guidance, have already made some progress in clearly divine, to occupy different starting joint enterprises and in helpparts of the heathen world; each ing each other to solve vast problems. undertaking a larger or smaller share It is our assured conviction that they of the missionary problem, often in will gain in practical value with the absolute ignorance as to whether any progress of time. other society would work in the same The most important, difficult, and corresponding aspiration of building delicate, however, are the movements up the native churches on a national toward unity on the part of the na- basis. It is further significant that in tive churches in the larger mission Japan and in China two different fields. It is the task of all sound methods have been employed for the missionary effort to form native solution of the important questions Christian communities, so that it is here presented. In Japan the federaalmost unavoidable for these young tion of the churches has been carried churches to bear at the outset the out on denominational lines. We find impress of their spiritual parentage, there Anglican, Presbyterian, Conto adopt the forms of worship and gregational, and Methodist federation of church life, as well as the teaching of churches, each with the tenets and of the mother society. The result .is .forms of their respective denominathat native churches of Anglicans, tions. The advantages of this ar- Baptists, Methodists, Prebyterians, rangement are obvious, and the action Lutherans, Friends, Congregational- of the Japanese churches has worked ists, and of other Protestant com- as an incentive in other fields, the munions are found dwelling side by Presbyterian missions especially maside in a comparatively narrow space. king it their business all over the These native churches obviously can world to assist native churches not realize, as do the missionaries, gathered by them in the formation of their fundamental oneness on a com- federations on a Presbyterian basis. mon evangelical basis. The conferences held at home for the most part are In China, on the other hand, espenot available to native communities. cially in the western province of Their isolation is fraught with grave Sze-chuan and the adjoining provinces danger, and in face of the awakening connected with it as a missionary national consciousness of solidarity center, a beginning has been made they can only hold their own by step- in church federation on an interdeping out from their dividing separate- nominational and geographical basis. ness and joining together in a federa- The Protestant mission-churches of tion of churches that shall be living West China are trying to form a naand real. tional church for West China, irre- spectively of the very great diversity In this direction a number of the of the denominations represented in most difficult, but at the same time those provinces. This attempt is bemost attractive, problems are waiting ing watched with the greatest interfor solution. It is significant that est, not only in other parts of China, these problems have not presented but also from other mission fields. It themselves . as burning questions on is even copied in some parts, and unthe older mission fields, such as Af- doubtedly presents to missionary therica and India, but on the compara- orists one of the most attractive and tively younger fields of the Far complex problems of its kind. The· East, in Japan and China. The cause question arises: Is the policy of fuis to be found in the pronounced na- sing together Protestant communities tional self-consciousness of the J apa- of widely divergent denominations nese and Chinese, resulting in the into one corporate church a sound

policy, promising success, and pos- ticular form in which they are clothed sest of vitality? and presented by an individual de- nomination. This statement, tho put The reasons usually given in favor forward with much emphasis at Edinof this course are not convincing. It burgh, is clearly exaggerated. We is contended that in Japan, a country may be sure that in this respect the of comparatively small, manageable dimensions, the communities of the Chinese do not differ from the Japavarious denominations are within easy reach of each other, and can thus nese, and in Japan the policy of derealize their common fellowship and nominational federation has proved so their common interests; whereas in successful and so conducive to healthy China the distances are enormous, the development, as to give no ground for variations in dialect are very pro- questioning the possibility and advisanounced, and the general contrast be- bility of an analogous development tween North and South, East and for China. West, is so great as to put denominational federation out of the ques- But it scarcely comports with the tion. According to this view, the importance of the problem to deal Presbyterians of Peking would feel with it in this superficial manner. themselves further removed from Some fundamental assumptions have their codenominationalists of Canton at the outset to be recognized: and Chengtu than from the Anglicans and Methodists of Chilhi. More- ( I) There is but one Revelation of over, it would be next to impossible Salvation, and all our ecclesiastical to establish a church organization organizations are but so many differover such enormous distances. ent attempts to express the one Sal- vation, the one Redemption in human This contention seems to prove that forms, and to bring it nearer to our the Christian communities in the heart and understanding. Hence it several parts of China are yet too must be possible, as we draw nearer small, too insignificant, to carry out to a full apprehension of the Divine church federation on a large scale, Salvation, as in truth we grow in but it is quite possible, that in the clearer vision through fellowship with course of one or two decades the God in Christ, that the separating Presbyterian or Anglican communi- differences shall merge into a higher ties in the North or South may have unity, and that denominations shall grown strong enough to form vigor'- come to be looked upon as the broous denominational federations. Why ken rays of the rainbow, everyone then should there be in the present of which reflects the sunlight, but immature condition so much precipi- which only, when converging with tancy in developing on lines which pure light, bring out to the full the may lead in an unwise direction? beauty and power of the· sunlight.

It is said that the Chinese do not (2) Each denomination has enunderstand denominational differ- deavored by its own methods and in ences; that they only care about the its own way to understand and to central verities of Christianity, and proclaim the ~steries of divine are almost indifferent about the par- grace, and many among them have put into their efforts an enormous stock of devout meditation and thea-

IS UNITY POSSIBLE TO-DAY IN MISSIONARY WORK?

logical research, in order to do full that kind involve a further dangerjustice to the high trust committed to and in Prussia we have had ample them in the knowledge and experi- experience thereof-in the particular ence of salvation. Hence every de- denominational tenets being looked nomination represents a treasure of upon as of no consequence or of sacred tradition, and transmits this minor value. We have to remember treasure as a precious dowry to the that Christianity will never grow native churches under its charge. strong upon subtractions and reduc- There is probably no church in the tions, but only through additions and mission field which has not received vital developments. If, however, in at its start or during its growth a spite of many dangers and disadvaluable gift from the treasury of vantages the propinquity of Lutherspiritual experience of the Mother ans and Reformers has on the whole Church. It would be culpable levity proved a great gain and blessing, no on the part of the native community objection on principle can be taken carelessly to throw aside this parental to' the federation of denominations, inheritance. which are at bottom much nearer to each other, and have grown up on (3) Church federation does not the common basis of the Reformed mean the leveling of denomination- Confession of Faith. al differences. Here the national churches of Prussia furnish a striking (4) The question as to the advisahistorical proof. For nearly a cen- bility of a federation between differtury Lutheran and Reformed churches ent denominations has to be decided have been conjoined there as a large, by a judicious and careful study of virile, corporate fellowship, and yet the spiritual life in the churches conthe Lutheran districts have hitherto cerned. In Prussia the union would remained preponderantly Lutheran, have been impossible during the sixand hold in part to the Lutheran teenth and seventeenth centuries, in- Confession of Faith. The history of asmuch . as the sense of antagonism our church development has taught was too pronounced between the two us the dangers incidental to such parties. But it became possible and amalgamation of divergent denomi- advantageous to carry it out at the nations, but also its great benefits. opening of the nineteenth century, It has been a danger all along, which when these antagonisms about dogma after well-nigh a century has riot dis- had toned down or smoothed off, and appeared yet, that the union was or- when a great spiritUal revival had ganized from above, by the King and given more prominence to the centhe Government, instead of being a tral questions of personal salvation movement of growth from within the and blest assurance than to denomichurches. national tenets. It requires great wisdom to find the right moment for The danger would be analogous, if such a momentous procedure, and it at the present time the foreign mis- is at least doubtful whether at the sionaries societies were to bring about present day such a measure could be . a federation of different denomina- carried out in Prussia. We are thanktions, whiCh has not its root in the communities themselves. Unions of

ful to have obtained it. Can we find it will be impossible to lead the in our mission fields the missionary scattered flock of Christ back to statesmen who correctly interpret the greater unity? On the answer to this signs of the time, and who will know question depends the solution of the when the hour shall strike, in which problem.

PRACTICAL METHODS FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., CONGREGATIONAL HOUSE, BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions :;Q~~~~ T IS manifestly im- tary to proclaim that a mission coun- possible within the try needs "Presbyterianism," or "Con- necessary limits of gregationalism," or "Methodism," the this article to enu- speakers knowing well that the Gospel merate even the va- preached by the missionaries of any rious forms of in- one of these great communions, and many others that might be named, terdenominational union and cooper- does not differ in a single essential ative work that have already been from that preached by all the rest. In realized in the mission field. Much fact, for the foreign field at least, there progress in this direction has been is no Gospel message that can be justly made within a decade, all of which is labeled with any kind of "ism," and full of promise for the future. The at home we are learning rapidly the marvel is that it was necessary to wait great lessons of history and experiuntil near the close of the first cen- ence. tury of modern missions before beginning to appreciate, both from an eco- It is safe to say that in the United nomic and a Christian standpoint, the States at the present time there is value of such practical cooperation. hardly a leading communion which every other communion would not and One can not look into the history of does not accept as possessing, prac~ this movement toward union without tising and preaching the essentials of wondering how much denominational our common Christian faith. No pride and how much loyalty to Jesus longer do we put divisive emphasis Christ have hitherto had to do with upon forms of church government, or the propagation of missions. One fine-spun theological definitions. often sees articles printed in missionary magazines, and mission reports Much of our individual churchwhich seem to appeal largely to pride membership at home is but an accident of birth or environment. There are a of sect or of church. It is possible, few of us, indeed, who, with but a slight change of circumstances, would however, that this is only relic of the not have been equally enthusiastic earlier method of thought and expres- workers in some other church than sion, handed down from an age of the one in which we are now memcontroversy and denominational ri- bers. A change of residence frevalry. quently leads to a change of commUll- It is not unknown even in our day, for a missionary or a mission secre-

METHODS FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION

ion, without intellectual or spiritual our Blessed Lord to those who are violence. waiting for it across the seas. Re- ports of results accomplished through Why, then, should we, in our en- union endeavors can be given to the deavor to make Christ and His saving supporting churches in .a. way calcu- Grace known in the East, thrust to lated to arouse and maintain interest, the front the name of denominations without attaching to it the name of which can only confuse the minds of anyone church. Oriental Christians, who know little of the controversies of the last three The mission boards at home might centuries, and who are unable to un- well unite in the preparation of bookderstand distinctions which once led lets or pamphlets setting forth the to hostilities and separations. story of the Christian advance of the great mission countries, including the Inspired by this line of reasoning, work of all communions. In altothe missionaries on the field have al- gether too large a measure we have ready laid the foundation for many written our mission literature upon union efforts, the success of which the basis of the work of our own deleads to the belief that they will great- nomination alone, giving the impresly multiply in the future. Differences sion in too many instances that we are that appeared of major importance in practically alone in the field, and that the heat of controversy have so dis- the responsibility of the Christianizaappeared even here at home, and ap- tion of the whole country rests with pear so infinitesimal when viewed from our communion. Weare getting bethe lands of measureless need and op- yond this stage of reporting now, and portunity that they are actually for- this calls for the careful preparation .gotten, and the worker regards him- and publication of brief but compreself as the ambassador of Jesus hensive stories, with general mission- Christ, rather than the emissary and ary maps of the progress of the Gospromoter of some particular denomi- pel in the great mission countries, to nation. which each missionary society for its particular use can add the story of its As to the practical ways by which own work in that country. The econunion and cooperation in missionary omy of this plan will at once appear work can be put into operation, let me and its effectiveness can hardly be say, first of all, we must not insist that questioned. our missionaries at the front give themselves to the propagation of de- In a word, all denominations are in nominational institutions, as over need of a missionary literature that against Christian enterprises that may will make clear all that is now being bear only the name of "Christ." It done in any great mission country, to may be said that the interest of the which may be added a full statement denomination at home can be main- of the respective share of work and retained in no other way. If that is sponsibility belonging to each. All true, the" more's the pity; it shows need this same literature; why not that much real missionary and Chris- have it prepared in common? tian work needs to be done right here in our churches, that we may be As we turn to the mission fields we worthy to carry the pure Gospel of find many different forms of possible

practical and effective cooperation. A the vernacular. Some of these are few are here named: prepared largely for the edification of Christians, while others have been Language Schools prepared, in part at least, with the non-Christian populations in view. As All of the leading boards are prac- to the value of such publications if tically agreed that, with few excep- properly edited, there is no difference tions, all missionaries should master of judgment. They are indispensable the language spoken by the people for to the proper training of the churchwhom they" are to work. While aim- members, the dissemination of Chrising to secure a practical .kno~le.dge tian truth among more remote adherof the vernacular for theIr mISSlOn- ents, and the reaching of even the aries, each board and mission has hostile or at least the critical circles worked out its plans for language by whom the voice of the preacher is study, so far as any plan has been in never heard. operation, quite independently of the other missions in the same language This method of reaching the thinkarea. This has led to a manifest ing and reading people of all classes waste of money, time and teaching in mission fields can not be dispensed force, and has fostered inefficiency. with; in fact, every new condition Native teachers in too many instances abroad calls for putting added emhave been incompetent, and whenever phasis upon it. Mission periodicals a .good one was secured he spent his have great and increasing influence time upon one or two pupils. and can be even more effectively em- ployed. It would be wise economy of money, to say nothing of the time This form of work has been, in most saved and efficiency gained, if the instances, expensive. The number of missions working in a common lan- subscribers in anyone mission is guage area-as among the Marat~i, necessarily limited, and the most of or the Tamil-speaking people of IndIa, these are poor. A sUbscription price or the Mandarin-speaking mission- can seldom be charged sufficient to aries in different centers in China- meet the cost of material, composition should organize together .a language and press work, to say nothing of edischool, manned by the best native and torial supervision. It seems a waste foreign teachers procurable, and to indeed for two or more missions, which all new appointees to that dis- working among the same class of peotrict should be assigned for a period ple, all of whom use a common lanof vernacular study and language prac- guage, to devote time and strength and tise. Something in this line has al- mission funds to the publication of ready been undertaken in Japan and two or more periodicals, practically Peking, but in altogether too tentative alike in aim and material. form. Should the cooperating missions Publication of General Union Christian unite in the publication of a common Christian journal, under a common Periodicals editorial board and supported by the combined resources of the various The large m,issions have realized missions and the different constituthe importance of publishing weekly and monthly papers or magazines in

PRACTICAL METHODS FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION

encies, it requires no stretch of imagi- community it deserves, while at the nation to understand the enormous ad- same time it would greatly lessen the vantages that would accrue to all con- cost of production. cerned. Hymn and Tune Books Sunday-school Literature While much has already been ac- All agree that the Sunday-school, complished in the writing, translating in which the word of God is regularly and adapting Christian hymns for naand systematically studied, is one of tive uses in the East, we are only now the most valuable and important of all approaching the point where more missionary methods of work. All complete and satisfactory results of wish to strengthen and advance it. hymn-book preparation and manufac- To accomplish this there must be pre- ture can be expected. We can hope to pared and published helps of various obtain these results only by the coopkinds for Sunday-school study, and eration of all Protestant Christian especially for teachers. This is neces- bodies working for the people who sary in the United States and in Eng- speak the same tongue. land, where there are so many available commentaries and other helps, There is no longer denominational but much more important where there bickering over Christian hymns. The are few, if any commentaries, accessi- great hymns of Christiandom, no matble, even to the most favored of teach- ter by whom written, have become the ers, while for th~ great mass there is common property of the entire nothing but the unexplained and unil- Church. Many excellent hymns have lustrated text. been written or adopted by foreign missionaries and native Christians The creation and publication of such which ought to belong to the entire Sunday-school literature for the vari- Church and not held as exclusively ous grades and classes is expensive. belonging to some branch of the same. It is too costly for anyone mission to do thoroughly. In the United States The Mandarin-using Christians of we have for the most part learned the China-and they number many milvalue of an interdenominational Sun- lions-would be stronger in the faith day-school literature, altho we have and richer in the spiritual uplift of not yet learned the lesson any too well. their service were there gathered to- Perhaps it is the money that is in it gether, under the direction of the that keeps us apart here, while best musicians the missions of China abroad it may be the money which can produce, all of the choice hymns must be put into it. and tunes that all of the denomina- tions of China have produced or can There is no doubt that if all of the produce. Japan has led the world in mission boards supporting missions in this direction, and North China is folregions where a common language is lowing on; but there is need of clear, spoken, would join their forces for the radical action that shall produce a creation of a common, effective graded Christian hymnal belonging equally to Sunday-school literature, including each one of the Protestant commupapers for children, it would almost nions found in every language zone in revolutionize the Sunday-school and all mission fields. give it the position in the Church and

This will economize in the cost of In the face of the crying needs of mulhymn-book production, enrich the titudes who as yet, in their physical service of all of the churches, and set suffering, know nothing of modern the Christians of the East to voicing medical care, much less of the tendertheir praise through the use of the ness and Christian sympathy of the same hymns and tunes. Christian mission dispensary and hospital, it is hymns and Christian music stand for impossible to justify the appearance of a peculiar phase of our religion among crowding the medical work in any misthe peoples of Asia and Africa; there sion station or country. This calls for is a mighty asset for Christ and the such an adjustment of mission medical unity of His church in presenting the work that no community shall be spectacle of all communions uniting in served by different medical missiona common form of praise. aries or institutions.

Medical Work Collegiate and Normal Education There is probably less rivalry and By collegiate education I mean that overlapping in mission medical work which stands at the top of the mis- than in almost any other form of mis- sionary educational endeavors in any sionary endeavor, and missionaries are country, but not including theologi- rapIdly learning this fact. It would be cal education, which is considered by hard to explain why two missionary itself. This is the most expensive physicians should reside in the same educational work missionaries engage mission station, unless it were a great in, and yet all are agreed that it can city, and then why they should carry not be left undone. on their medical work in the same gen- eral quarter of the city. Normal education, as such, is but recently receiving its due recognition To locate two mission hospitals so in mission fields and will soon take its near together that in the eyes of the place by the side of collegiate train- people they appear as rivals must be ing. This is also expensive, like the regarded as a misuse of sacred funds, college work, since only the best of and a worse than waste of missionary teachers and apparatus can be em- life. Who among us at home puts ployed, and the size of the classes is emphasis upon the church of our fam- limited. The inability of separate • ily physicians? Abroad this distinc- missionary societies properly to equip tion is still less apparent. To the peo- and finance their higher educational ple of the country for whom the medi- work has, already led to notable cases cal work is maintained, there is and of union and cooperation in universi- can be no denominational choice or ties and colleges upon mission fields, distinction. notably in China.

This being the case, mission phy- It requires no demonstration to show sicians and mission dispensaries and that three societies can unite and hospitals might be so distributed that make a college or a normal school the largest number possible of mis- much more than three times as strong sionaries and people of the country and effecive as anyone of them could would be served without any appear- have made it alone, and at no greater ance even of duplication or rivalry. cost to each.

METHODS FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION

The demand in mission fields for instruction to truths which the men and women of wide educational churches hold in common. experience and training is increasing much more rapidly than the separate Theological instruction in practimissions are able to prepare them. cally all mission countries and in all There is no reason to expect that the missions has been the weakest point in separate boards will be able to over- the work, and in most missions it is take this demand by themselves. They so to-day. Theological instruction can do it by uniting their resources neither in quality or quantity has kept and forces, which not only will pro- pace abroad with the training given in duce far better results educationally, medical, classical and scientific schools. but will attract the attention of the It has been and is yet wofully decountry and demonstrate the oneness ficient in the face of the increasing of Christianity. The preservation and demand for well-trained leaders in the safety of the mission higher educa- Church. There are few denominationtional work is in union. al theological training schools that even their supporting mission does not In Theological Training know to be inadequate in teaching staff and in equipment. This is a more difficult topic to consider, and were it not for the experi- These conditions can hardly be ences of the past few years in dif- remedied until the missionary societies ferent mission countries, would hardly receive much larger support in the find place in this article. It is true way of men and money, or until that here at home one finds in many radical steps are taken by way of comof the leading theological seminaries, bination. It is easy to see that if the taking lectures from a common fac- missions operating in contiguous teruIty, students representing many of ritories should combine their forces the leading communions. One does not for the theological training of their need to look far to see that in the candidates for the sacred office, what training of theological students in the would amount to almost a revolution United States no longer is it deemed in that needy and fundamentally imessential that the management of the portant department of work would seminary and the professors shall be speedily take place. The curriculum of the same communion as the stu- could be enlarged, a better corps of dents. In other words, we are com- teachers could be engaged, and the ing rapidly to the conclusion that fun- struggling classes of the denominadamental Christian truth taught in the tional schools would, through the en- Bible and handed down by Jesus larged classes of the union institution, Christ is not denominational, but be- become more worthy the place they longs equally to all communions. At hold in the growth of the Church. the same time we are gaining such confidence in the broad-minded in- If we ever expect to command for structors in the well-known seminaries our theological seminaries in the East here at home that we are assured they the best minds and the most earnest will not teach those things which di- spirits of all of the churches, we must vide Christians, but will confine their rise above denominational differences in our theological colleges and com- bine to make them the strongest mis-

sionary institutions of discipline and see indications, in many mission counlearning, and with an equipment tries, of a tendency for Christians to worthy the cause they serve. Weare draw together. moving in this direction already, and have gone far enough to demonstrate Southern India has given us an exthat there are no insuperable obstacles ample of the formation of a single in the way of Union Theological Col- church of Christ by the union of varileges in every great missionary cen- ous denominations. This has brought ter of the world. a sense of strength to the Christians of that part of India, and given an ex- In Union Churches hibit of oneness to those outside that is of priceless value. Other illustra- As the last point to be discust at tions might be given. this time, I mention a method of union cooperation for which we are not Are we to conclude that this plan yet everywhere entirely ready. I am of union requires more faith than we inclined to think we at home are not can exercise, or more grace than we nearly as ready as are the members possess? I do not believe that those of the churches in the various mission who are looking for a great and signal fields. There can be little doubt that advance in the growth and developmuch, if not most, of the denomina- ment of the Church of Christ in the tional prejudice to be found in the East will see in this union and cooper- East to-day is due to the teachings ation in the Church itself anything exof the missionaries, much of which cept a means by which obstacles and would never be propagated volun- stumbling-blocks to progress may be tarily by natives themselves. We have removed and the followers of Christ no right to expect that the Christians in Asia put into a position to receive of mission countries, largely ignorant power from on high for a mighty adof the history of denominational con- vance to victory. troversies that have divided Christendom will exhibit much zeal in perpetu- These suggestions are practical. All ating a divided church. Already we have been tried and found of great value. Brethren, if there be any vir- tue, let us think on these things.

CHRISTIAN UNITY AS A MISSIONARY ASSET BY SILAS M'BEE, NEW YORK Author of "An Eirenic Itinerary." (See Book Review, page 77.) IL.l~iL.;.,t.l.a~l HE 'title of this paper is numbers 200,000,000 Mohammedans not perfectly satisfac- in the world. Speaking again in round tory, but it suggests a numbers, there are about 500,000,000 striking use of figures Christians in the world. In the face along rather unaccus- of these preponderating figures we are tomed lines. It is safe told that Christianity has made no to say with Dr. Zwemer, after his ex- massive impression, even if it has amination of nine different authorities made an appreciable impression on the on statistics, that there are in round Moslem world. What answer has the

METHODS FOR MISSIONARY COOPERATION 4I

Christian apologist to make for this Why should 200,000,000 Mohamfailure of 500,000,000 Christians, medans remain untouched by 500,000,- whose God and Savior is the Desire 000 Christians whose mission it is to of all Nations, the Creator and Pre- witness for Christ? Who will venture server of all mankind? in the face of such a standing condem- nation of Christendom to justify the N umbers and power and the prom- endless divisions of the Christian ises of God are all on the side of Family? The Moslems possess in Christianity. What account is to be their measure the great note of given of the failure to make these ef- Christianity, unity, and to an extent fective in helping Mohammedans to a a common social order, tho they are fuller knowledge of God as revealed without the Christ of God and the in Christ? No one will venture to lay continuous life in Christ ordained as the responsibility on God, His Gospel a real condition of membership in His or His Church, instituted for the ex- Body through His Sacraments. Yet tension of His Kingdom. The diffi- the Christian world, with all these adculty is not with Christianity nor with vantages and with centuries of the Christ, but with Christians, who are free use of all that Christ gave and to be His witnesses to the ends of the gives, is like a mighty host in division earth. It is more than a miracle that and disorder, and is u.nable to bear a maimed, divided and disordered united and triumphant witness in be- Christendom has within a few cen- half of the 200,000,000 for whom He turies gained a following greater by died because of His Father's love for millions than any other religion and them, and Who waits on His Church practically twice as great in numbers to accomplish the object of His love. as the greatest of all the ancient religions. It demonstrates as no single A proclamation of Christ and His miracle could do the power of Christ Gospel will not fulfil the work given even when partially preached and wit- the Church to do. In a very notable nessed to by imperfect human beings sentence Mr. James Bryce says, "It is and divided organizations which by not merely diffusion that is wanted, their separation contradict that funda- a better attitude on the part of profest mental principle of Christianity-com- Christians in contact with non-Chrismon brotherhood in the one Family of tian races." But how can Christians God. No man can exaggerate this occupy a right attitude toward nonwitness of the power of God in Jesus Christians when they are not in a Christ to save in spite of the sin of a right attitude toward each other? No divided household. It is from this matter how powerful Christian orside that Christians are invigorated to ganizations may be, no matter how an inspiring faith which is justified pure their morals, how fine their civieven by such imperfect works. But lization, how perfect their dogma, when this partial use of divine power Christians who are not visibly brethis used, as it has been for centuries, ren, united in one family, can not bear to justify a divided household, then witness to that which they are not. St. Christians need to be held up abruptly Paul has forever made clear-not beand their defeat of God's purpose cause he was St. Paul, but because made terribly real and clear. what he said was a revelation of

eternal truth-that nothing can take fore of the Family of God, I ask: Who the place of right relations between would attempt to measure the asset Christians through Christ in God. of union in missions if the 500,000,- 000 Christians were to unite for the Without departing, therefore, from purpose, not of conquering and overthe subject assigned me, or touching throwing the Mohammedan world, but upon the essential difference between of winning it and turning it to Him union as an asset and unity as the who is and can be their only Desire. essence of Christianity, as the funda- Satisfaction and Salvation? mental note of the Godhead and there- THE CHINESE REVOLUTION AND MISSIONS BY REV. JOHN ROSS, D.D. Author of "Missionary Methods in Manchuria"

~~""=:fll HE war of 1894-95 scattering the talented men who were rev e a led to the prominent reformers. world the military weakness of China The results of the Boxer craze has and her helplessness evolved several great changes of far- b e for e modern reaching and permanent importance. First, the action of Protestant mis- Powers. I t was followed by aggres- sionaries and converts has made the sive steps taken by foreign nations, Chinese reconsider their estimate of culminating in the seizure of Chinese mission work. Their theory of the territory. If the Chinese have not ex- political character of missions has hibitedvery passionate devotion to their been shaken if not shattered; and the rulers, they are nevertheless keenly most serious obstacles to the progress patriotic to their country. The re- of the true Gospel-the brotherhood sult of that aggression was therefore of man springing from the sonshipto an increased hatred of the foreigner God-have been removed. who had for so many years humiliated their nation. From this source sprang Second, the influence of idolatrous the peculiar movement which de- systems has been undermined; for the veloped into the Boxer rising, which Boxers were to attain their object by was a patriotic manifestation designed the aid of Buddhist and Taoist deities, to drive the foreigner into the sea. and their hopes were belied. Third, Before the Boxers existed the late the Manchurian Railway was con- Emperor had become convinced that structed, and, tho to other nations it great internal reforms were indispen- has already brought great advantages, sable to enable the Chinese to free it has taught the Chinese that the themselves from insolent aggression. owner of the railway is the virtual Hence the Reform Edicts which were master of the country. The opposition so strenuously opposed by the leading to railway concessions is based on Manchus of the conservative Chinese. serious political reasons well known to They rejected reform and made the all Chinese, who are resolved· to be Emperor a prisoner for life, killing or masters in their own home. This op- position is in full sympathy with the

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION AND MISSIONS

revolution; for had there been a strong zens of a mighty nation, shall be able Manchu in power able to check for- to face the world unashamed. eign aggression there would have been no rebellion. A Chinese emperor and The Chinese are anti-aggressive a purely Chinese officialdom could rather than anti-foreign. Just and have done no better; but, then, the righteous treatment on the part of for- Manchus are foreigners. eign nations will raise a feeling in China very different from that which The deepest root of the rebellion is has roused the revolution. But other the self-respect of the Chinese. Both nations have been teaching them a lesson which they have thoroughly COMPARATIVE SIZE OF THE POPULATION OF learned-that justice and righteous- UNITED STATES AND CHINA ness will be respected only when they can appeal to a sharp sword. And According to The lvIissionary Survey. the Chinese have resolved to secure the sharpened sword. Vhen the Chithe revolution and the opposition to nese shall have security against a concessions ar.:: based on the same repetition of such experiences as those cause as the Boxer uprising. But in Manchuria and elsewhere, the fear while thoughtful Chinese were op- of the foreigner, which is the soul of posed to the Boxers and their methods the recent action, wiII be removed, and of madness, the great majority of they shall be free to welcome foreign them sympathized with the aims of the trade, foreign capital, and foreign exrevolution. The Manchus have been perts. for years weighed in the balances and found wanting, and the people demand The Chinese have never been opa complete change so that they, as citi- posed as a people to any missionary preaching any system of religion or ethics apart from politics. They have till lately regarded the missionary as a political spy and an agent working to destroy the liberty of the land. The end of the Boxers' movement raised the esteem of the Chinese for the Protestant missionary. The results of the present struggle, however it may terminate, will be to remove all sus- picion against missionaries provided the missionaries abstain from inter- ference in Chinese courts of law. The Chinese are a virile race, and the Christian Church may hopefully look forward to the speedy upbuilding of a strong, self-governing and self-sup- porting Chinese church, and this, more than ever, should be the aim of all Christian missions. BY J. CAMPBELL WHITE, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Thtlovement (L..~~~~)IS ONE travels through Holcombe, for many years interpreter, Manchuria he is not secretary of legation, and acting min- surprized that nations ister of the United States at Peking, have thought it so in his illuminating book, "The Real valuable a prize. It Chinese Question," mentioned three reminds one strikingly of the reforms most fundamental, in of the great, rich prairies of western order that China might develop Canada, tho its latitude is the same as strength: that of the northern tiers of the United I. The establishment of uniform States. The fourteen millions of and invariable systems of weights, people now living in Manchuria are measures and coinage.

but a fraction of the population which 2. The readjustment of the salaries this vast area is capable 'of supporting. and pay of all officials and public ser- As the last great battle-field of the vants upon a reasonable living basis, world, and promising to be the scene coupled with the prohibition, under of further gigantic struggles, before the most severe penalties, of the re- the territorial boundaries of China, ceipt of any sums of money from the Japan, and Russia are finally settled, it people. (In other words, the elimi- is one of the most interesting places on nation of official oppression and the political map. The question will graft. ) probably be settled largely by priority 3· The removal from the official of occupation. It is said that about a service of China of every victim of million Russian peasants are migra- the opium habit. This reform was ting each year to the region east of mentioned as by far the most difficult Lake Baikal. We have been meeting of the three.

whole trainloads of them at rather While only eleven years have passed frequent intervals. Efforts are now since the above conditions were laid being made to induce Chinese in large down, it is noteworthy that two of numbers to emigrate to Manchuria. If them are already on the way to prac- once they occupy and cultivate the soil, tical fulfilment, namely, currency re- no other power is likely to be able to form and opium prohibition, and the dislodge them. third is under serious discussion in China and the Chinese people make the various provincial assemblies.

a profound impression upon one as he While the currency reform is still in comes into close contact with them. its initial stages, the prohibition of the Industrious, peaceful, patient, patri- growth and use of opium has already otic, persistent, prolific, and with nat- gone far beyond what Mr. Holcombe ural resources beyond computation, proposed. Not only is opium being the Chinese nation is bound to come prohibited to officials, but to the peo- into a primary place among the na- ple generally, and about four-fifths of tions of the earth. the production of opium in China it- In the year 1900 the Hon. Chester self has already been stopt. The ear-

OBSERVATIONS IN CHINA

nestness with which this reform is By an arrangement that is entirely being prest reflects great credit upon satisfactory to the Chinese, some the Chinese. $25°,000 per year of the Boxer in- demnity due to the United States is Other notable reforms have also being applied to the education of Chicome during the past few years, chief nese students in America and to the among which has been the entire re- support of a Chinese-American school construction of the Chinese system of in Peking, where Chinese students are education. There are now over 42,000 studying English and otherwise premodern schools in China, with over paring for further study in the United one and a half millions of students States. There are seventeen Ameriattending them. Those who have can teachers in this school at present,. watched the development of these and 430 Chinese students. About fifty schools most closely for the past five of these students are being sent each years declare that the educational progress has been truly phenomenal, YUAN SRt KAt and that the only hope of Christian schools and colleges continuing to The Chinese leader of the Imperial party in maintain their position of leadership China-the man called to the front in China is that they shall become to reconstruct China. union schools and colleges and universities instead of denominational in- year for further study to America. stitutions. Already union has been The principal of the school is Mr. consummated in educational work at Chang Behling, a very earnest and deseveral strategic centers, and mission- voted Chinese Christian. This school aries must be acknowledged as the and its steady output of the choicest leaders of Christendom in both the of Chinas young men, who are comspirit and the form of practical Chris- ing for prolonged residence and study tian unity. to America, is one of the most hope- ful and promising facts in the life of The following five reasons are given China to-day. America's unselfishby a prominent Chinese official for the unique influence of America and Americans in China: I. The refusal of the United States to participate in the opium traffic or the Chinese coolie trade.

2. The absence of any desire to encroach on the territorial rights of China. This is in striking contrast with the policy of Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Japan.

3. America's action contending for the integrity of China.

4. The remission by America of a part of the Boxer indemnity.

5. America's willingness, in general, to give China a square deal.

ness in the matter of the Boxer in- mer resorts where missionary conferdemnity has given her a position of epces are held each season. One resoabsolutely unrivaled influence. No lution of special importance was unanother nation has an opportunity re- imously passed at all three of these motely approaching this, of making conferences this year. It calls upon the leaders of the new China that is the Continuation Committee of the soon to be. Edinburgh Missionary Conference to appoint a commission of six men,- All told, there are now about seven two experienced missionaries, two hundred Chinese students in America. Chinese leaders and two experts from It is impossible to estimate the influ- the home lands,-to go into a compreence which these men will ultimately hensive study of the situation in exert in the Far East. Their presence China, spending a year or longer, if furnishes an inspiring opportunity for necessary, in their investigation, and Christian influence. Quite a number .to make recommendations to the of them have already been led into Christian forces now at work on the the Christian life. They should be field and also to the churches of introduced to the Christian home-life Christian lands. This is one of the of America, than which there is prob- most statesmanlike proposals ever yet ably no more impressive exhibition of offered, looking toward the unificathe uplifting power of Christianity, tion, correlation and maximum effiespecially to an Oriental. It is diffi- ciency of all Christian forces in the cult to realize how far-reaching may evengelization of China and the world. be the influence of a single act of thoughtful consideration for these Only second in importance to this men. One of the most active and use- remarkable resolution was the discus- . ful Christian laymen in the whole of sion at all of these conferences of Japan to-day traces his sense of per- more scientific methods of mastering sonal responsibility to a single inter- the languages of mission fields. There view with the late Mr. Robert Mc- was a general consensus of opinion Burney, of New York, who ap- among the missionaries present that proached him as a stranger at the from six months to a year of time close of a church service in New York would be saved by the average misand showed a genuine interest in him, sionary if the best methods of acquir- Tho he never met Mr. McBurney ing the languages could be generally again, this Japanese layman has been adopted. As there are now more than going on doing personal work with twenty thousand missionaries on variothers year after year, as the result ous fields, it can readily be estimated of the lesson he learned that day, and how many thousands of years of time many men have been led to Christ in the aggregate would be saved by through his influence. higher efficiency at this point of mis- sionary administration. At several During our seven weeks in China places plans were adopted last sumit was our great privilege to meet mer looking toward the overcoming face to face about 1,200 missionaries of these defects. at Kuling, Mokanshan, Kuliang, Shanghai, and Peking. The first There are now in China some 4,600 three of these places are popular sum- missionaries of evangelical churches.

IN CHINA

According to the best consensus of dawn of a new spiritual day. The j uc1gment of leaders in different parts door was never so wide open as it is of the empire, this number should be now. The Church of our day can at least doubled during the next three plant the Christian banner in every or four years. There should also be community of this vast empire, if it a great development of union educa- will. I know of no greater opportional work at influential centers. tunity for the investment either of There has probably never been a time one's life or one's possessions than in in the history of the world when such the spiritual emancipation and uplift a vast number of people have been so of the Chinese Empire. open to Christian influence. Much of the present intellectual awakening of P. S.-On reaching New York I China must be attributed to the direct find the papers are all featuring teleand indirect influence of Christian graphic reports of the revolutionary missions. Missionaries know the peo- movement now in progress in China. ple far more intimately than any other In a telegram published in the New class of foreigners, and command their York Times of October 18th appeared confidence as no other class is ever the following paragraph: likely to do. "The revolutionists' determination To pervade China with Christian to end the regime of official graft was truth and life is the most colossal brought sharply to attention to-day by single task ever undertaken by the the execution of an officer who had Christian Church. The quarter of a been appointed to collect funds for million converts now gathered are but the rebel cause. He was caught in an one of many indications of the tre- attempt to divert some of the money mendous impact which Christianity to his own pocket, and was promptly has already made on this nation. Noth- beheaded." ing but infinite power could have produced the results that have already Whether this particular revolutionbeen accomplished. One-fourth of the ary effort in China succeeds or not, whole human race here await the here is interesting evidence that the leaven of a new national life is pow- erfully at work.

A WOMEN'S MISSION STUDY CLASS AT

BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER AND DRAPER TERRACE, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

~5'l§~~ 0 BETTER proof could Personal, rather than public, invita- be furnished t hat tions were given to the women to women have a genius meet in large private drawing-rooms, for organization than that the get-together spirit might be the success of large fostered. It was expected that the idea Interdenominational would enlist the support of not more than two hundred women. One dollar Mission-study Classes. The enthusi- each was made the fee for memberasm of the jubilee has already sub- ship, including a ticket for the lecsided; the luncheons, speeches, mass- tures and a copy of the book. meetings and committee work are over; but the beneficent effect per- The list of members grew so rapidly sists in an earnest desire to work with that in a few weeks the limit was exthe women of other churches and de- tended to four hundred. Drawingnominations, and to strengthen, indi- rooms became out of the question, and vidually and collectively, the good im- the ballroom of the Montclair Hotel pression of that wonderful series of was engaged. By the date of the first gatherings. Even towns which were meeting, October 13th, the four hunscarcely touched by the march of the dred books were taken; fifty more jubilee host have felt a desire to form women wished' to enroll, and it was some circle of study, and familiarize decided to hold the six following themselves with "Western Women in meetings in the auditorium of the new Eastern Lands," or the new book, Baptist Church. The membership is "The Light of the World." Many drawn from 3 Congregational, 3 Episwho before the jubilee had seldom, copal, I Dutch Reformed, I Methodist, if ever, attended missionary meetings I Unitarian, I Baptist, and 5 Preshave been attracted to a comparative byterian churches. Since the change study of Christianity and the Oriental to a church allows more than 450 to faiths, and are open to conviction as attend, a few have come from neighnever before regarding their own boring towns. privilege and responsibility. Notes are taken by the women with The plans for a United Study Class much interest during the lectures on in Montclair, New Jersey, were blank charts furnished to each memformed last spring at the psychological ber. Across the top of these appear moment. A Women's Bible Class had the names of religions-Animism, followed with enthusiasm lessons en- Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, titled, "The Conquering Christ," a Mohammedanism, and Christianity. course in Comparative Religion. The Down the side is printed the topical teacher was then asked to give lec- outline of the lecture, which includes tures on "The Light of the World," Origin, Founder, Dominant Mood, and two women from each of the Idea of God and Worship, Literature, fifteen churches of Montclair were in- Future Life, Elements of Strength, vited to discuss the plans at a com- Weakness, Results in Lives of Folmittee meeting. lowers, and Contrast with Christianity. If anyone misses a lecture, she is "Such a class as this," said Mrs. eager to make up her notes from a Montgomery, "is an evidence of new model chart posted on the blackboard, power in women to discern the signs together with a list of books advised of the times. We are realizing a new for outside reading. The Public world-consciousness. In the first place, Library has been asked to furnish our one round world is small to-day, these books, and thus offer a more physically smaller than ever before. complete missionary and religious de- We have not only ships passing over partment for the use of the com- the oceans, but nerves running under munity. the seas. People, ideas, books, and fashions travel everywhere at remark- The chairman for the separate days able speed. is chosen from each denomination in turn, following alphabetical order, and "Then, too, there is a new political thus a brief Scripture reading, prayer, consciousness, evidenced in many and greeting precede the study of the ways, in the parliaments of the world, chapter, which in so large a class con- in national friendships, in peaceful sists of a lecture without questions. arbitration for the settlement of dis- At the end of the course each member putes. The attitude of Italy toward will have as an evidence of her inter- Turkey is an exception to-day to what est a complete outline of the religions used to be the rule. The new Orient studied, exprest in her own words or is a fact, and not a theory. Countquoted from the lectures. less anecdotes come to mind as proof. There is a new spirit in the East-a This same plan is being tried in spirit of change toward education, large interdenominational classes III toward social customs, toward religion. Flatbush, Newark, and New York. In We have the opportunity of the ages Newark the class meets once a month in China, in Korea, in the whole noninstead of every week, and thus allows Christian world to-day. smaller study circles or missionary societies to hold a meeting and develop "And then, best of all, we have a by special topics details based on the new consciousness of the value of the lecture before another meeting of the spiritual. The universities of the large class. world are returning from their nine- teenth-century excursions into the On the opening day for the Mont- world of material things to investigate clair class four hundred women met in the secrets of the soul. Weare trusthe ballroom of the Montclair Hotel to tees of the New Testament. We are listen to an inspiring address from to be 'His witnesses to the uttermost Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery, as parts of the earth.' " as an introduction to the study of the "Light of the World."

A JAPANESE VIEW OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN*

BY ADACHI KINNOSUKE ~~~=;;;;;""""';;~ HIS, frankly, is no Russian cruiser Variag in the harbor defense of the for- of Chemulpo, is a Christian; and many eign missions; it is other officers of the navy and army of not even a Chris- Japan of to-day are proud to be called tian view of the Yaso. The editors of some of the work. I am a J ap- leading metropolitan dailies are Chris- anese by birth-a tians. In 1890, when the Imperial mere heathen. It is, Diet was convened for the first time therefore, an impression of an out- in the history of Japan, the House of sider pure and simple, and these I Representatives had a Christian for its know to be facts. president. His Majesty the Emperor Forty-odd years ago, at every gate of Japan contributes regularly to the to both the Flower Capital of the mi- funds of the Y. M. C. A. To-day no kado and Yedo, city of the shogun, one can irritate a Japanese by calling at many of the entrances to the towns him Yaso. These are some of the and villages of Nippon, there stood a fruits of the missionary work in J a- large notice-board. It was official. In pan. Not the fruit, however.

bold, heavy, black, fat strokes, so that Away back in the early seventies of he who ran on the highway might read, the last century-in those days when was the following: the new Nippon was being born-there KIRISHITAN JASHUMONNO G1WA, KORll:- was a time when the empire went MADENOTORI KATAKU KINSE1NO drunk on the heady wine of Occi- KOTO! dental civilization. To know some- That is to say: thing about the wonderful West, out "The evil sect Kirishitan [Christian] of which came those wonderful black is firmly forbidden as hitherto I" ships of war which had compelled the To-day you may see a few of the powerful chogunate to do its sweet same old notice-boards, and read the pleasure, was the order of the day.

same historic inscription, but you must Every daimio, or lord of a clan, estab- go to the Tokio Museum to find them. lished a school where foreign lan- They are no longer on the streets. guages and sciences were to be taught.

Thirty-five years ago there were elev- Our lord of Kumamoto clan also es- en baptized Protestant Christians. To- tablished one. But how to secure a day there are seventy thousand of foreign instructor who would teach the them in Japan; they own 600 Western knowledge to the children of churches; in their Sunday-schools the samurai of Kumamoto, there was they teach 100,000 children. the rub, and more especially because Is this the fruit of the Christian the lord of the Kumamoto clan was missions in Japan? Certainly. But particular. The clan of Kumamoto, not the only result, and not the most as all the empire knew, was proud of important. two things, its historic castle, built by Fifty years ago there was no such Kato Kiyomasa, and the heroic tradi- expression as "religious freedom" in tion of its warriors as brave as the the entire range of Nippon literature. builder of the castle. It was all very To-day the phrase has been written well for other effete clans to employ into the constitution of the land. Less foreign bonzes-that is to say, mis- than fifty years ago, if you wished to sionaries – as instructors to their have a free fight on the spot, without young men; but not for Kumamoto.

loss of time, all that you had to do The clan of Kumamoto must have a was to call a gentleman a "Yaso"- soldier for its instructor. No priest, that is to· say, "Jesus." And to-day? no mere man of letters who was little Admiral Driu, who battered the fine better than a woman; he would hurt * Condensed from The Century Magazine for September. the esprit de corps of the clan. All bridge over which his thoughts could these emphatic wishes of the lord of pass into the understanding, not only Kumamoto clan were, therefore, de- mental, but sentimental as well, of his tailed to Dr. G. F. Verbeck, who was boys. Therefore at the end of three a sort of national adviser in such mat- years one day he said to his students: ters, and on his recommendation Cap- "I shall teach the Bible on Sunday. tain L. L. Janes went to teach the Anyone who wishes may come to my young samurai of Kumamoto. house."

Most assuredly the captain was no In this short sentence the historian bonze. But it was also true that, in will find one of the foundation-rocks comparison with that white-flaming of the Christian church in Japan. tower of zeal for God that was in his bosom, an every-day missionary would "We still hated Christianity," writes have looked like a penny candle flick- Mr. Kanamori, one of Captain Janes's ering and fading before a typhoon. pupils, and who later became famous Captain Janes was a soldier, and an as the Paul of the Japanese missions officer, of course. In a thousand times because of the persecution he suffered more emphatic sense, however, he was for his faith and of the zeal with which a soldier of the Cross. he devoted his life to the work of Christ, "as though it were a snake, For nearly three years Captain and did not like even to see a Bible; Janes said nothing of Christianity to but we so respected him that we conhis Kumamoto boys. Think of the cluded to go to the meeting. One of apostolic ardor such as that of Captain us went to the teacher of Chinese [a Janes looking upon silence as golden, teacher of Chinese in those days was and for three patient years! How also a preceptor in the doctrine and could he have managed it? The entire teachings of Confucius, for the J apcredit, I am half afraid, does not be- anese boys all studied classic Chinese long either to the miraculous patience with the sacred books of Confucius or to the still more wonderful wisdom and tact of Captain Janes. For one as their readers J and asked his conthing, he could not speak Japanese well enough to preach the Gospel in it, sent. He replied that we might go to and his students could not understand learn about Christianity, not to believe English. But as of yore, it, but to study its strong and weak points in order to oppose it. And so God moves in a mysterious way of the few who went some went sim- His wonders to perform. ply out of curiosity, others for amuse- ment, others that they might oppose, Because he could not preach with none with the desire to accept it. Durwords, Captain Janes lived out a ing his prayer, which seemed tedious Christlife in his every-day actions. to us, we sometimes opened our eyes And I believe no sermon has ever been and looked upon his face, with its known to be quite eloquent enough to closed and tearful eyes, and then we compare to the eloquence of a simple laughed, saying, 'Even Americans Christian life. And the magic eloquence of it touched the hearts of the w e eP.I ' ' ' rugged children of the Kumamoto samurai. "He gave his whole strength," For another year, patiently, always writes one of his old pupils, recalling backed by his Christian life, a thing those Kumamoto days, "teaching Eng- which was both new and wonderful lish and the sciences. But he was so to the Kumamoto boys, Captain Janes kind and fatherly in his treatment of taught them the Bible. He never his pupils that they came to forget asked the young men to become Christhat he was a foreigner." Let me put tians. Two of the boys tried to imit in another way: the three years' pose upon his judgment; they went to wordless work of the captain built a him one day and said, "We wish to become preachers of the Gospel." He told them bluntly that they were not worthy to be anything of the kind-a

rather striking contrast with certain "My son," said the father, "since other missionaries and their methods. you do not renounce the evil faith, I The sharp, unexpected contrast im- shall do you the honor, which you prest the young men. In r875-that scarcely merit, of putting an end to is to say, at the end of about one your life with my own sword. That is year's Bible-teaching-his work began the least apology which you and I can to tell. It divided the Kumamoto make to the memory of our august school into two camps, one eager for ancestors."

the light that was in Christ and His "If it be for the sake of the Way,"

life, and the other which tried to crush the son made answer, "let it be so, the pro-Christian elements by reviving Father above."

the study of the sacred texts of Con- Seating himself on the edge of the fucius. The teacher of Chinese was porch, polished like a mirror and with- active in the work. Every Sunday out a railing, the son stretched forth morning he expounded the teachings his neck to receive the blow from the of the great sage of China. For a time father's blade. The father looked at every Sabbath the students went to the son fixedly for a moment. From the teacher in Chinese in the morning the first he had no idea of murdering and in the afternoon to Captain Janes. the son; he wished to test the extent Then Captain Janes added preaching of fanaticism of his boy, as he consid- to his study of the Bible. "His ser- ered it.

mons were long," writes one who at- "Kana bakavaro 1'> cried the father.

tended-"sometimes three hours long That is to say, "You big fool you!"

-but as we had become interested in I am sure the old gentleman would Christianity, they were never tiresome have put in a choice touch of pro- to us." fanity, if only the Japanese language Soon after, these Kumamoto boys, had had a "cuss" word; but, of course, who had never in all their lives even it had not.

so much as heard of the word "re- So saying, he kicked the son off the vival," had the visitation of the Spirit porch to the garden flag and left him that was Pentecostal. "We wondered in disgust. Persecution raged, and why our spirits burned like a fire and had precisely the same effect as in why we preached the Gospel like mad the cradle days of the Christian men. One said, 'May not this be the Church.

work of the Holy Spirit mentioned It was the last Sunday in the first in the Bible?' " month of the year of grace r876, and And the classic city of Kumamoto the springlike Kyushu weather was all was treated to the greatest scandal in a-smile. The Christian students of all its ancient life. "What," said the the Kumamoto school went out to a people in utter consternation, "are our hill to the southwest of the castle city own children-the children of samurai called Hana-oka yama, or the Hill-in- -turning into Yasa bazu [that is to bloom. Seating themselves in a circle say, Christian priests]!" "Can such on the crest of the hill, they banded things be borne with patience and in themselves under solemn oaths. Let silence? And how are we to apologize other young men chase the will-a'-the- to the ghosts of our ancestors?" The wisp of worldly wealth and honors, let widowed mother of one of the boys others aspire to the noble work of the tried to commit suicide to apologize defense of the Home Land of the Sun, to the spirit of her departed husband of carrying forward the torch of civili- because she had failed to rear the son zation, but for the Kumamoto boys, in the virile and noble path of the however, none of these things. There samurai. A father told his son, in a was one thing to which they would calm and very solemn manner, to go devote their entire lives-the spiritual out to the porch leading down to the rebirth of the empire of Nippon; noth- garden. ing less.

A JAPANESE VIEW OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN

This, then, is the story of the fa- tion, the official ever urging Mr. Neemous Kumamoto Band, which helped sima to take up an important work to lay the foundation of Christian for the state. work in Japan. The two friends of former days sat It was in the city of Kioto, and the in the humble Kioto cottage of Dr. time was the summer of 1875. Two Neesima. men sat talking in a humble cottage that might have commanded the Did N eesima wish to propagate the monthly rental of ten dollars at the Christian faith among the Japanese? most. It was specially modest for Would his high standing among the the two gentlemen who sat and talked officers of the Government hurt such therein, for one of them was Mr. a work? Was there, could there be, (later Viscount) Tanaka, who was any more effective method than to bethen the active head of the Depart- come a great national factor himself, ment of Education of the newly and then bring about the spiritual salformed Imperial Government and the vation of Japan, and show to all the other was Dr. Neesima. people that a Christian can at one and the same time be a patriot as well? "I have come," Mr. Tanaka was Viscount Tanaka sat with Neesima saying, "to press a strong claim of our and talked for three days and two country upon you. You know as well nights. as I through what a critical hour our country is passing at present. It is the To all the arguments of his friend, one season in a thousand autumns. If Dr. N eesima had nothing mor~ to say ever Nippon needed her sons to come than this: to her rescue, now is the time. I need not 'preach to the Buddha'; you know "I have only one answer: my life is all this. You know the West and not my own. It belongs to Jesus Western civilization and its institu- Christ. Many years ago I solemnly tions; your knowledge of them would swore to devote my entire time and be invaluable to the Government. The effort to his cause. I can not take country has sore need of you." back my words and my heart. I can not do it." "This is indeed an honor for which I am utterly unworthy," Dr. Neesima As twilight was purpling on the hismade answer, "and believe me, I have toric hills of Kioto, fragrant with the no words to express my appreciation memory of a thousand years of culfor your kindly suggestion; but-" ture, Viscount Tanaka rose. He had reached the end of his patience. He "Ah," said the head of the Depart- was a simple-hearted man. He was a ment of Education, "I have been patriot; he could not understand the afraid of that 'but' of yours. I have language of the man of religion. How been afraid that you might say it," could he? Without the slightest hesi- tation he would have sacrificed all the "Yes, I regret to say-" Buddhas in the world and his life as "Wait," interrupted the other. well if they could but add even a trifle "Whether you decline or whether you to the prestige and power of the state. accept, you should not act on so He was disgusted with the attitude of weighty a matter as this so quickly. Neesima. He was "mad, clean mad." Would it not be well for you to think the matter over thoroughly, look upon "Vell, Neesima," he said, "I'm the situation from all possible angles? going. I am sorry. You are indeed If you like, discuss the matter with the slave of Jesus Christ. Good-by." me. Many things can be said both for and against your accepting such a gov- And years ago, when I was a ernmental position as I have sug- school-boy in Tokio, I heard Profesgested." So it came to pass that the two sor J. D. Davis say, telling this story, friends sat down to discuss the ques- that it was "the proudest title ever given to man."

The cottage in which the two men talked became the foundation of the

Doshisha University of to-day, away Supporo Agricultural College, Profesand beyond the greatest Christian uni- sor William Elliot Griffis of Fukui versity in the Far East. Gakko and the author of the "Mi- kado's Empire," and Captain Janes of And Dr. Neesima lived a Christian Kumamoto Ei-gakko. life. It stamped the age in which he lived; it colored the history of his Perhaps this is not a long list. It should not be. Great men never did country. grow like weeds anywhere at any time. Inspiring the imagination of the new The wonder is that so many of the really great of earth should have Nippon with the charm and nobility of found their way into the then almost the character of Jesus-that certainly unknown land of Nippon. was the greatest achievement of Mr. Neesima. He made his countrymen And it was the Christlike life of fall in love with the life of Jesus as these men, not their theology, which Neesima himself lived it out in the told so stupendously for the cause of Kioto of the seventies. the Christian missions in Japan.

Neesima and his fellow-workers, On October 5, 1909, in the city of Tokio, a number of Christians, and a notably Professor J. D. Davis, upon number of those who were not, gath- ered to celebrate the "Semi-Centenwhom Mr. Neesima was wont to lean nial of Protestant Christianity in as upon the very staff of life, gave Japan." Count Okuma was one of the Japan a new national ideal. No many non-Christians present. As achievements of man can be greater, usual, what he said had a national and more ambitious than this. In this the a world-wide significance: missionaries succeeded. Here, then, is the great fruit of the Christian mis- "I came in contact with and received sions in Japan. great impulses from some of the mis- sionaries of that early period. Par- When our foreign friends came to ticularly from Dr. Verbeck. He was us and told us to open up the country my teacher in English and history and for international intercourse of all the Bible. I can never forget the great sorts, the elders of the chogunate did and virtuous influence of the man. At not like it. When Commodore Perry that time Dr. Verbeck could do but told us to open our country whether little direct evangelical work, but all we wished to or no, some of our fore- his work wa$ Christian. In everyfathers lost their temper. We have thing he did his Christlike spirit was changed our mind a good deal on that revealed. . . . Only by the coming point. We look back upon the day of the West in its missionary reprewhen the black ships of the American sentatives and by the spread of the navy got on the nerves of our old fore- Gospel did the nation enter upon fathers so dreadfully as the day of world-wide thoughts and world-wide glorious fortune. And the thing which work." made us change our mind was the life lived among us by the gentlemen who Here, then, is Count Okuma's ancame to us in the name of Jesus, their swer to the question, What is the Master. greatest fruit of the Christian mission- ary work in Japan? Count Okuma And for this reason: many of the is not a professing Christian or a missionaries who came to Japan in member of a Christian church. There those early days were scholars long be- are others like him. And the life and fore they were missionaries, and they work of just such men as Count Okuwere MEN (and all the capitals in the rna have told on the life of the nation language can not possibly do them jus- in a much more potent fashion than tice) long before they were scholars. figures and adjectives know how to show. Take Dr. Verbeck, Dr. Hepburn. There are people who say that the Bishop Williams, Professor J. D. Da- vis, Dr. S. R. Brown of Yokohama, Bishop Harris and the Rev. J. H. De- Forest of Sendai, Professor Clark of

WORK OF NATIVE CHURCHES IN BURMA

Japanese nature is essentially non- Shimabara and which made Pappenreligious. That our attitude toward all berg Rock in Nagasaki Harbor forthe gods and all things religious is ever famous in history, for it is the "politeness toward possibilities." Any- place from which thousands of the nabody can see that that is wrong-any- tive converts were thrown into the body who has read the story of the sea. Oh, yes, the Japanese nature is Christian persecution in Japan and highly religious. Both in the numheard of the men and women who ber of shrines and of gods, we beat marked the blood-trail and charred the Athenians upon whom we have St. trail (for there were many native con- Paul's pronouncement. Christian misverts who preferred to be burned at sionary work did not deepen the rethe stake rather than renounce their ligious nature of the people, but it faith in Jesus Christ, their Savior) gave a new star to which it might which led to the horrible struggle of aspire-the character of Jesus Christ.

MISSIONARY WORK OF NATIVE CHURCHES IN BURMA* BY REV. SUMNER R. VINTON Missionary of the Baptist Foreign Missionary Society lL~:L.<,tLG!~1 NE of the most potent from the Christians of Lower Burma, forces at work in Bur- while the churches of Lower Burma ma for the establish- have been immensely benefited in turn ment of the Kingdom by the quickening of evangelistic zeal of God is the mission- through the reports of the work made ary work of the native possible by their gifts. Many of the churches. Any Baptist workers thus employed have to travel from two to six weeks to reach their who thinks that American Christians fields of labor. Many of them, judged are paying for all the work reported in point of time, are further from in the annual statements of the Bur- home than is the American missionary ma mission is far from realizing the stationed at Rangoon. full truth. If the native churches should suddenly cease from all mis- In addition to the work done through sionary efforts, there would be a de- the convention, there is some work of cided falling off in actual results. It a distinctly foreign missionary sort would show, first of all, in the num- undertaken by the individual missions. ber of native evangelists and pastors For some years the Rangoon Karen reported each year. Mission had a special work across the Siamese border. Later it was found For general coordination of all mis- better to turn this work over to the sionary effort we have the Burma Bap- Shwegyin mission, through its work tist Missionary Convention. This takes at Papun, but a lump sum contribuin the churches of all nationalities and tion is still made by the Rangoon its work is, for most of the con- churches for this work. For years the tributors, foreign missionary work. Bassein Mission has supported evan- Grants are made by the Convention to gelists at work under the direction of missionaries according to the needs of missionaries in the extreme north various fields and according to the among other peoples than Karens. funds that are available. Upper Burma fields, missions among Burmese, Chins Then there is the work of the Karen and Kachins, Shans or far-off Muhsos, Home Mission Societies. Each misand some of the frontier Karen fields, sion has its own organization. The have, in this way, received assistance Bassein Home Mission Society, for ex- • from Missionl.

ample, supports evangelists among the met by a choir singing, in English, heathen, establishes schools in heathen "How beautiful upon the mountains !" villages and helps the weaker churches There were no mountains, not even a of its own mission. The women of the hill, for fifty miles, but the idea was mission are organized and have their all right. The C. E. choir of Alau Bible women at work. The vacation village, at least 15 miles away, hearing evangelistic campaign of the Bassein I was to be there, of their own accord boys studying at the Theological Semi- decided to come and help me over nary has for years been an established Sunday. They paddled up against the feature of the work. Dr. Nichols is strong current of the Irawadi, their a genius in many ways. His mission pastor with them, home services left launch and the compactness of the with a deacon-and there they were. field have made possible an amount of They made my visit many times more personal supervision of and participa- effective than it otherwise would have tion in the work of the students which been. They sang at all six services has been one factor in developing a Sunday, and in every house in the vilremarkable esprit de corps and enthu- lage besides. They stayed with me siasm for this evangelistic campaign through Monday noon and then padof the students. It means the opening dled home in their canoes. up of work which is often followed up and made permanent by a man sent A young man from the Kyi-Dinout by the Home Mission Society. The Teit Church went to a near-by heathen Rangoon Home Mission Society keeps village and offered to teach school in from twenty to twenty-five men at that village if they would board him. work among the heathen all the time. He asked no pay. They accepted his In fact, the only evangelists in these terms and he taught there for a year. two fields are paid by Karen, not At the end of that time, when his home American, money. A distinctive fea- church was celebrating its tenth anniture of the Rangoon work comes from versary, he came to the meetings with the development of the work of the a choir of eleven children, all from young people. In 1904 the young peo- heathen homes. They sang repeatedly ple of the mission of their own initi- Christian hymns, in good. tune and ative organized a local union, started time. But even if tune and time had a monthly paper in Karen, and sent been all wrong, the incident was full two young pastors around for field of significance. Of his own initiative work for two months. Each year he had been doing Christian work in since then there has been at least one that village for a year, had won their man for part-time field work. This confidence, and the children were singhas resulted in a development of the ing the Gospel to their parents. We young people's work as an evangelistic will have a church in that village beagency of large significance. Let two fore long. definite instances serve as typical of this part of the missionary efforts of There are many instances of work the Karen churches, in addition to the undertaken by individuals. One of the organized work of the Home Mission most recent, of which I have learned Society. through the pages of the Km en Daw- kalu or National Gazette, is the send- The Karens love singing and they ing of a special evangelist or chaplain sing well. Each C. E. society has a to the soldiers of the Karen levy in choir and the choir is the mainstay of the far north. The entire expense of the evangelistic work of the society. this is being borne by two Karens of A few years ago I planned to spend the Rangoon field, Dr. Pokey and U a Sunday with the one Christian fam- San Lon. Some of these soldiers are ily of a certain heathen village on an Christians, most are not. In both island in the Irawadi. Arriving there cases they are far removed from Chris- Saturday noon, I was surprized to be tian influences of any sort, and the reception accorded the evangelist

makes one realize the value of this bit work. The Burmese Christians raised of service. 5,000 rupees (IO,OOO days' wages!) for the Theological Seminary. Members Mention has been made of only Bas- of the Rangoon church do street sein and Rangoon. From their posi- preaching. U. Po RIa, an Extra tion in the rich delta lands of the Ira- Assistant Commissioner, delights in wadi they are the largest and most preaching to the heathen wherever prosperous of the various Karen mis- opportunity offers itself in his sions, but the same sort of work is work. going on in all the other Karen fields: Renzada, Tharrawady, Moulmein, The Talain churches around Moul- Shwegyin, Toungoo, and Tavoy. mein have a definite policy looking to personal work by every Christian and The missionary efforts of the organized work among the heathen churches of other nationalities in undertaken by each church. The zeal Burma do not bulk so large nor appear and passion for souls shown by them in so spectacular a way as that of the at the Talain associational gathering I Karens for the simple reason that there attended in 1907 wiII always abide are not so many Christians of any with me as an inspiration. other one race. The Karens have accepted Christ in snch numbers that we Those who have heard the gospel have hundreds of entirely Christian but recently and have been lifted out villages and communities. Under such of the depths of heathenism do not as circumstances, concerted effort on a a rule need much urging to make them large scale is relatively easy. The want to tell the story to others. Their number of Christian villages among own experience is too real and too the Burmese, Shans, Chins or Kachins vivid for it to be otherwise. The new is limited. Most of the Christians convert whose experience of Christ of these nationalities are living alone has been definite and real "can not in large heathen villages. Concerted but tell" the things which he has seen effort is difficult, in many instances im- and heard. It is as Christian experipossible. But it would be utterly ence and conversion come to be a sort wrong to suppose that they are not of matter of fact, taken for granted, doing anything. A careful study of that the zeal for souls slackens. I betheir giving, with due regard for their lieve a tendency along this line is obnumbers and circumstances, would servable in some of our older Chrisshow that they are usually doing their tian communities among the Karens, part. Self-support is not confined to as it certainly is at home. Karens, nor have the Karens any monopoly on evangelistic zeal. Personal Active participation in evangelistic work on the part of individual Chris- work is at once the most significant tians and effort for the heathen near- symptom of a healthy spiritual condiby on the part of established churches tion and also an exercise leading t6 inare going on all the time. The Evan- creased strength. The church or indigelistic Society of Burma is entirely vidual that spontaneously undertakes due to Burmese initiative and push. such work shows thereby the reality of They are regularly organized and raise the experience of the things of Christ. funds to keep two or three evangelists On the other hand, nothing is such a at work all the time. stimulus to healthy spiritual growth as definite effort along evangelistic The various Burmese associations lines. The hope of permanency in our have their home mission organization work in Burma, or, for that matter, and the "apportionment" is, if any- anywhere else, lies in bur being able thing, higher per member than in the to enlist the native church, from the Karen associations. Individuals have very beginning, in a strong evangelgiven generously for the Kengtung istic effort.

• • ~——-E–D—I-T–O–R—I-A–L–S——-~~

CHRISTIAN UNITY AND MISSIONS mony in the members there must be W ILL the Church ever be united somewhere disharmony with the head. in one body until our Lord Remove, first, the inconsistencies of Himself returns to reign? Christians, and, second, the discords Whether or not this is too much to among Christians and the greatest obexpect, it is assuredly not too high stacles to the progress of Christianity an ideal for which to pray and work. will be taken away. The question of the relation of various divisions of the body of Christ In order to bring about real practo each other and the question of tical unity and cooperation among vathe extent and character of their co- rious Christian bodies there must be operation in the work of Christ will agreement on a few essentials and libnever be settled until they are set- erty in non-essentials. The Protestant tled right. No true disciple of Christ Episcopal Church must give up emcan doubt that it is the will of the phasis on the essential distinction be- Master that all His followers shall tween clergy and laity and the unbe ONE in spiritual unity and loyalty broken apostolic succession through to Him and love to one another, and human agency. The Baptists must that all shall work together harmoni- yield in the belief and practise that ously and with. the one common aim- immersion is the only true form of the speedy evangelization of the world. baptism, and that only adult immersed believers are true members of the There may still be room for a dif- family of Christ. Presbyterians and ference of opinion as to the extent of Methodists must agree that while the outward union and the method of co- decrees of God are absolute, man has operation. Different branches of the been given freedom of choice and the Church, like different men, may be di- decrees of God have not been fully vinely imprest by various phases of revealed. the truth and diverse needs of the world. Personality, training, and lo- It may be difficult to agree on a cality enable different men to accom- definite doctrinal basis, but loyalty to plish different results, but there God, as revealed in Jesus Christ, His should always be a united front son, is the basis of all Christian union. against evil and error and a spirit of Matters of church government and fellowship and love in the various worship, with minor interpretations, ranks of the Great Commander. doctrines, rules and regulations, are not essential to salvation or service. The papers dealing with this ques- It is time to emphasize points of tion of Christian unity in its relation agreement and to lose sight of the to world-wide missions will be read matters of difference. Bishop Doane, with interest. Representatives of va- in a recent address, gives the followrious branches of the Church have ing as a basis of doctrinal agreement: been asked to give their views, and there is a general unanimity of opin- "There are certain irresistible and ion. unescapable truths; the threefoldness of God, the Fatherhood of God, the The great purpose of Christ is for creation ·o.{ all things by God, the Inthe conversion of the world to God. carnation of our Lord, His ministry, This must be accomplished through His death, His burial, His Resurrecthe body of Christ acting under direc- tion, His Ascension into heaven and tion of the head. If there is dishar- the coming of the Holy Spirit. No mind can empty itself, and have any ture ($134,000,000) over that of twen- mind left, of these fundamental facts. ty years ago could be used to- What is there for us to do? First of all, to give ourselves to prayer, and Double the present foreign mission- then patiently to wait God's time and ary force. watch for God's way." Support workers in frontier fields. COST OF WAR AND COST OF PEACE Maintain hospitals and asylums. Build schools and colleges. P EACE at any price is not a Build and equip Y. M. C. A.'s. Christian doctrine, neither is Reclaim arid land. "life at any cost" a Christian Maintain forest reserves. ideal. Truth, honor, righteousness, Make new roads. faith, love, loyalty are the funda- Build and furnish libraries. mentals and are to be maintained at Fight tuberculosis and diseases. any cost to comfort, pleasure, sacri- Dig canals and improve harbors. fice or temporary safety. N everthe- Build churches and Bible schools. less, there is a grave question as The amount of uselessly increased to the wisdom or value of main- expenditure in the past twenty years taining a standing army and fully by the United States is more than has equipped navy as the means for pre- been spent by all Christendom for forserving national honor and safety. It eign missions in a hundred years. The is nearly two thousand years since the price of one battleship ($12,000,000) "Prince of Peace" came to proclaim would build 500 churches at $24,000 the way to love, truth and life, and yet each and would support their ministhose nations that stand as Christian ters on salaries of $1,600 a year each. nations are those that depend most on Surely it is time that America gave the use of force and engines of de- an account of her stewardship. As struction to maintain their integrity long as a nation depends on the and enforce their demands. This strength of her army and navy she ought not so to be. will not depend on the justice of her cause. Strength of armaments are not But from a purely economic stand- to be compared with strength of charpoint the cost of an armed peace is acter, loyalty, sobriety, morality and foolish extravagance. Hundreds of faith in God. A strong nation that dethousands of men are maintained in develops men who love home and comfort without making any return country and God will never be deby useful production or employment. feated by one that is armed to the Hundreds of buildings, vessels, ma- teeth but has no justice in their cause chinery and materials are employed and no moral strength in their manwithout any result beneficial to man- hood. kind. Some men and some armament True missionaries promote peace on might be used to advantage to police earth as well as peace with God. the land and sea so as to put down evil-doers and maintain justice, but TURKEY AND THE MASSACRES this might be and should be by international agreement. I F it were not so serious and in~ human, it would be almost ludi- The American Government, which crous to note the protest of Turhas not had the name for having a key to the European Powers against large armament, has increased its ex- the alleged massacres by the Italian penditure for this purpose over one troops in Tripoli. Turkish memory billion dollars, or 360 per cent. in the must be exceedingly short, or the past eight years. The total amount Turkish sense of propriety must be now spent for the army and navy of greatly lacking, or the government the United States is nearly $200,000,- must claim to have entirely broken 000. The annual increased expendi- with the past history of Turkey, to permit them to forget the Armenian

massacres and the frantic appeals and about 75,000 adherents seem to have threats of Christian governments to died or lapsed in British and Ameriwhich the Turks turned a deaf ear. tan mission fields. The number of It is different when the Turk and pupils is also less, if the returns are to other Moslems are the victims. This be trusted. This is, no doubt, due to is a part of the religion of Islam- the improved national schools. that "infidels" have no rights that "true believers" are bound to respect. Evidently there is no reason for either pride or discouragement. This sign of the times may be an evidence of the awakening of the WISHES AND NEEDS Turks. Let us hope so, but there are not yet convincing evidences. Only T HE argument is sometimes used recently the Turkish Government was against the missionary proparesponsible for the destruction of vil- ganda that such work is prelages in Albania and the violation of sumption because the people of China innocent women. The Turk's view of and Japan, of India and Africa, are his responsibility to God and his re- satisfied with their own religion and lationship to man must be changed; do not want Christianity. The arguhe needs to have a new view of God ment is obviously so foolish that it as revealed in Christ and a new love would be not worthy of notice were for his fellow men as inspired by it not that some good people are Christ. As long as he follows the misled by it. In the first place, it is Koran with its authorization of war not true, but if it were ·the arguagainst "infidels" the Moslem will be ment is false. The same course of a barbarian. reasoning would prevent interference with pirates and robbers, with mur- This, however, is no excuse for derers and thieves. It would put a stop massacres of Moslems or others by to all reformation of drunkards and troops of civilized nations. The atro- harlots, it would end our compulsory cities are denied by the Italians, but education and sanitation, it would there is a great opportunity and re- open our ports to all aliens and undesponsibility resting on those who claim sirables and would stop every moveto believe in Jesus Christ to mani fest ment for human betterment which His spirit of love and to "overcome seeks to inspire the ignorant and deevil with good." graded with a desire for higher and better things. MISSIONARY STATISTICS FOR 1911 The Government does not follow T HE table of statistics of the this principle. The Filipinos have in- Protestant Missionary Socie- dependence, bu t they need Christian ties for the past year shows a liberty. Wise parents do not observe continuous growth in the income of this rule. Children wish indigestible American and German societies, but a food, unlimited spending money and decrease in the British Isles and for license to follow their own whims, but Christendom. In America the Wom- they need to learn self-control, obedien's and Laymen's Move'l1ents are, no ence, wisdom and sacrifice. doubt, largely responsible for the growth in interest and income. It is The Chinese and Japanese, the Hindifficult to diagnose the case in Great dus and Africans, are ignorant of God Britain. and the laws of His universe. Left to their own uncontrolled and un- The number of foreign missionaries trained desires and instincts, they will has increased by 800, but native help- become a plague to themselves and to ers number less than last year-or the the .world; taught to know God, folreturns from Britain are defective. low Jesus Christ and love their fellow men and they will become Godlike, The number of native Christian joyful in their own lives and a blesscommunicants has increased by about ing to the world. 80,000 (according to statistics), but This table includes only Missions to non-Christian and non-Protestant peoples, and so omits work done in non-Papal Europe, while covering that in behalf of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese in the United States. The figures are derived almost wholly from annual reports, and relate in the main to 19lI, tho sometimes the year includes a part of 1910. The aim has been to leave the fewest possible blanks, and hence where the latest official figures were not at hand, conservative estimates have been made, based upon former reports.

Collected and tabulated by REv. D. L. LEONARD, D.D. (See note on page 60.) NAMES OP SoCIBTIBS ..i Foreign Covlflrie.. in WIIlell Mis.on.. Are (Abbreviated) 'Ii S""'lIin,d, lind N.,mb,r of Mis.on" t.') Amerfcaa Board…………… .. 1810 $1,032,026 $299.983 172 31 192 210 60S 324 4.854 5,459 1,462 76.593 5.755 170.650 1.413 76,348 S. Africa, Turkey. India, China, Ja~ Micro. S~n. Austria, BaptiH K1n1onal")' Society•••••••• 1814 1.163.988 137.487 242 29 256 173 700 359 3.988 4.688 2,977 155.662 8.846 290.700 2.075 63,294 Bunremsiaa,. MInedLi~. China, Japan, PAhiflnipcpai,neFsra(n2c0e)..

Southern Baptiat Convention•••••• 1845 510,009 66.568 117 2 107 45 274 126 531 805 902 20,343 3,618 21.343 220 Spain, PhillppiJ!ea (l4). 5,988 China, Japl1I1, Africa. Italy, Mexico, Bruil, National Baptlat Convention •••••• 1880 50 Cuba (7). 25.713 1,200 18 34 45 " 97 " 85 182 132 8,100 SOD 4,500 1,365 Africa. West and East, West Indies, South Sneath·Day Baptlata••••••••••••• 1842 14,000 3,650 4 2 4 6 16 1 14 30 5 100 4 200 4 America (4). 175 China (1).

C1IrIatiaa (Ditciplea of Christ) •••• 1875 457,924 70,158 100 3 73 60 233 15 941 1,174 293 15,780 2,514 42,500 137 8.146 China, India, Japan, Turkey, Africa, Philip. pines (6). Cb.rIatiaa COn.-tiOll .•••••••••••• 1886 19,531 1,116 8 .. 6 2 16 8 32 48 48 1,063 117 3.500 44 2,858Japan (Tokyo, etc.) (1).

CJuiItian and Mluional")' AWaDce. 1897 298,264 8,140 102 30 93 73 298 40 458 748 170 4,250 705 6.500 220 3,170 W. Central Africa, India. China, Japan, South 9,185 AfArimcae, rC~hinPaa,lesJtaipnaen, , etHc.ait(i8,).Mexico, Alaska Protestant Epitcopal ……… …. 1835 855,042 127.881 80 54 60 103 297 145 892 1,189 401 11.529 1,488 24.460 218 2,297 Me(lU6C)C. I, Alaaka. Jamaica, India, China. Japan.

SocietJ of Frienu……………. 1871 87,000 10,000 27 13 27 37 104 9 160 264 81 3,900 300 7.000 45 377 JapCaunb.a, Armenia, Palestine (8).

EftqeUca1 Auociatlon……….. 1876 36,208 2,099 7 1 .. 8 24 26 42 66 43 1,053 212 2,083 4 6,099 India (Madras). Porto Rico (2).

Lutheran, General Council…….. 1869 50,000 4.600 11 .. 7 9 27 3 350 377 306 9,926 925 16.953 211 Lutheran, General Synod……… 1837 131,000 19,000 20 .. 15 13 48 2 753 801 540 14,128 4,175 40.198 311 9,140 India (Madras), West Africa (2). ).

United Norwecisn…. ………… 1895 83.559 411 20 2 20 13 55 6 122 177 82 1,128 335 1.819 IS 436 Madapscar, China (2).

Fin Norwqiaa Synods………….. 74.965 2,442 25 63 29 15 132 14 130 262 147 3.641 1,080 17.000 66 1,540 :Methodlat Episcopal………….. 1819 2,217,127 326.386 324 63 331 376 1.094 662 9.212 10.306 1.177 *275.887 *22,266 155,991 2.567 82808 China. Korea, Japan, India~Africa. Bulnria.

:Methodiat Epbcopal, South……. 1846 780.17G 46.512 10 101 140 350 120 720 1,070 27.017 3.371 10.000 135 , Mexico, South America, l"nilippines (U). 99 302 10,817 China, KOrea, Japan. MelUco, Brazil, Cuba (6).

Afrfcaa Methodbt Episcopal…… 1847 15,015 4,762 6 8 8 2 24 12 35 59 83 2,796 253 6.000 14 830 Africa, West Indies, South America (4).

Free :Methodist………………. 1882 65.065 1.390 21 7 25 24 77 5 128 205 104 1,112 169 653 47 604 Africa, India, China, Japan (4).

:Methodiat Proteataat…………. 1888 26.668 4,542 3 .. 3 .. 6 13 31 37 46 1,129 305 712 2 5511Japan (Yokohama) (1).

Prel¥erfaa ……. …………. 1837 1,718.526 464.597 332 109 361 228 1,030 244 4.253 5,283 1,868 114,166 18,114 260.000 1,645 60,526 In~~;i~"s:;~s:a..f:~~p~~~tl~): 509 58 16,580 2.500 33,342 50 3,965 ChA~~lCC':~ {~~, Africa, Italy, :Mexico. Presbyterian, South………….. 1861 452,513 25,200 89 45 92 68 294 15 215 100 16 528 1,045 23 77 852 Asia Minor, Syria, Cyprus, China (4). Refomed Presbyterian……….. 1856 58.406 •..•••• 15 2 16 12 45 •• 55 United Presbyterian………….. 1859 332,388 236.239 45 17 54 68 184 93 1,347 1,531 683 35,693 3,833 76,591 404 29,429 India (Panjab), Egypt, Eastern Sudan (3).

Reformed (Dutch}…………… 1832 282.232 10.380 36 15 39 40 130 42 666 796 335 5,544 464 16.800 309 10,060 India, China, Japan, Arabia (4).

Rcfonaed (German)……… …. 1878 105.000 2,500 20 2 20 15 57 18 125 182 73 2,400 300 4.800 6 680 Japan (Tokyo. Scndai. etc.), China (2).

German Evangelical Synod…….. 1867 35.240 2.040 9 •• 5 3 17 " 65 82 57 1,992 320 3,360 58 2,680 India (Central Province.) (1). 4,335 United Brethren in Christ…….. 1853 97.136 11.170 23 4 23 13 61 19 141 212 210 7,191 714 11,607 44 1633 We~t Africa, Japan, Pnrto Rico, China, Pbilip.

Canada Baptist………………. 1873 73.190 5.970 19 •• 17 18 62 8 361 423 175 675 15.GOO 187 3,•479 Inpdmiaea(~!l.u' ps), Bolivia (2).

Canada Methodist……………. 872 317.279 38.141 27 13 27 159226 9 275 915 191 3,900 387 7,000 95 4.152 Japan (Tokyo), China, American Indians (3).

Canada Presbyterian…………. 1844 283.702 27.543 79 169 73 54 375 10 540 354 286 12.076 450 25,GOO 254 14 750 China. India, New Hebrides, West Indies, For.

Other American Societies……… ~.~..-. –5-85,-11~9 –~73-,13+0 –2-104–1-134–22-7 -~~85-+-6-35~~-6-8 ·~-71-5 4-~1.3~5G~–2-971-~3-5.7-50+-~2-,2135—6~0.4_40~__2_58_1__~11_,,7312 mos.. Korea, American Indians (7). __ I Totals for America…………. r-..-..-1~2-.29-0.-00-5 -~2.-03-5.-24-7 –2.!31-0 —83~8 –2~,36~1–2-,0~72~-~7,-59-3 ~~2.-41~6 -43-2.2-36~~-3-9.8-2-9 ~~13-.5-50+–8-76-.29-2-+-87-.06~7-~1~.3~37-,74-7+-11,12-94__4~ 29._97_4 __ __ Totala, 1910……………….. ~.-..- . I11..908~.67~1 -+1.6~88~ .07- 5 +2~.32-8 4-8-09–2.I 448~-1- ,85I0 ~-7,Z-67~~2,447- 6 ~2~9.1~93-43-7.0-07~413-.55~8 -~8- 35,- 103~~~ 82,085 ~_ 1.3~ 44.157 +1- 0.6~ 32 515.108 Totala, 11105………………. r-..-..–8t.12-0.-72-5 –1.~38-2.-50-0 –1.-77~7 –~36-9–1t,6~12–14.3_12~_+5-,14-5 ~~1~.94_94-2-2.-04-7 ~-2-7.-08-6 ~~9-.4-48-~-5-69~,7_20+–5~8.4-76~~~1,1-02-.7+06_–8_.6348–~30-3,-8315 Totala, 1Il00………………. …. I6.1- 15.75- 9 ~81~ 7.00~ 8 ~1.4+ 42 -3~ 73 ~1.4~ 19 ~1.2~ 20 ~4~ ,454~1~ .725~1~ 7.82~ 9 ~20~ .064~~ 7.987~~400~ ,616+- 31.6~ 81 ~1.0~ 16.3~ 86 ~6~ .252 ~~ 240,~ 263 Baptist Society (Eneland)…….. 1792 438.505 35,110 166 22 136 27 ,U1 42 688 1,039 1.130 21,199 2,116 45,000 188 23,066 India, China, Palestine, Central Africa, West London Soci~r .{L. M. S.)……. 1795 714,120 204,155 166 42 133 80 477 947 5.984 6.461 1.735 14.185 2,260 309,654 1.177 79.570 ChIinnda,ie.In(d8i)a., Africa, Madagascar, Polynesia. J 183.721 Pe(rs9I)a.. Pa eIst'ine, Ch'lna, apan. I n..:_~ Afn.ca, Church Sodiety (c. M. S.)……. 1199 1,900.570 18.875 415 125 390 430 1,360 440 9,196 10,556 4,599 110.220 7,342 347.390 2,897 Propapilion Society (S. P. G.)… 1701 135,900 207,000 715 12S 31 225 1,096 240 426 150 3,445 88.230 4.500 230.000 640 75,370 IndNioa,rthChAimnae,ricJaa,paAn.usMtr aliaay. sieat.c. A(f3r0ic)a. , West 'U,u"reitles' lIi….n…………. 1858 215,500 3,550 36 Z8 .. 73 140 18 161 301 97 5,200 425 16.700 140 a,530 AfIrnicaaie.(..L. a~kce. J3y2_).and Zanzibar) (2).

South American Society………. 1844 85,825 111.660 15 15 22 28 80 .. 6 86 46 1,960 57 3,280 10 715 South America (3).

SocietJ of Friends…………… 1866 139.160 15,960 42 6 36 32 116 442 1,040 1,156 253 3,209 3.120 21.977 147 6,729 India, ChIna, Malaysia, Formosa. Syria (5).

Wesleyan Methodist Society…… 1813 795.757 1,044,425 319 19 185 12 535 301 5.134 5.669 4.036 122.961 3,905 322.044 1.836 116,147 N. E. India, Assam. France (Brittany) (2).

PrimItive Methodiat •••••••••• ,… 1870 85.700 46,7:20 24 •• 18 4 46 6 38 84 58 2.592 176 4,284 22 795 Africa (1).

United Methodists (Free)……… 1857 66.275 7.000 22 11 26 7 66 24 750 816 625 18,563 255 20,953 84 1,990 China, East and West Africa, Jamaica (4).

Presbyterian Church of Eqlaad.. 1847 193,940 24,750 29 20 30 35 114 47 401 515 336 10,885 912 39.181 187 4.000 Palestine, India, China, Natal, Madaaascar (4).

Welsh Calvinistic……………. 1840 82.785 2.790 18 .. 16 10 44 26 640 684 575 9,840 340 31.200 410 10.832India/, China, Africa (Weat and South), West China Inland Million………… 1863 356,995 16.902 •• 367 294 307 968 18 2,038 3,006 1,055 25,155 2.837 75.465 271 Inaies ItalY, Spain (29). 5,844 China d:ighteen Provinces) (18).

Established Church of Scotland… 1829 280.575 48.515 34 27 34 75 170 13 210 380 240 6.870 1,277 16,310 384 16.344 Inti),. East Central Africa, Palestine, China United Free Church………….. 1843 827.520 487.414 155 71 148 136 510 62 4.206 4,727 1.590 52.713 3,821 45.840 1,770 112,240 India, Africa, Arabia, Pa1estiat, New Heb.

Prco8byterian Church of Ireland… 1840 332.288 17,240 37 34 36 28 135 16 1.054 1.189 504 6.643 1.082 16,374 136 rides, Manchuria. Japan. Wes, Indies (12). 4.841 China, India (Gujerat), Syria (3).

Other British Societies………… r-..-..–I2.3-4~2.~78-0 ~–2-17-.2-40-~–34-0I 1.020 905 878 3.243 79 6,950 1.093 1.481 105.220 3,147 158.200 688 43,762 Total British Societies……… r-.-..-.–t8,-99-4-,1-9-5 —2,~50-9-.3-0-6 —2,~55I1—2-,2-7~1—2-.4-40~–2-.I38-7—-9.~45-1—2~.7-2-1~ 38.922 48.373 21.805 675.645 34.764 1,703.852 11,587 694.496 ~–~—–~—~–~–4 Totat., 11110……………….. …. 9.636.830 2.565.85G 2.415 1.878 2,379 2.332 9.058 2.831 42.073 51,129 17.893 651,362 33.954 1.920.157 11.179 662.723 1.711 2,176 2,508 8,596 1.895 39.101 47.703 12.959 537.450 41.403 1.333.066 10.447 628,407 Totals, 11105………………. I-..-.-. –8·.1I9-7.-67-9—1~.6-31-.2-0-7~ 2.393 Totals, 1100………………. …. I6,8~ 46.95~ 8 ~…~ ….~ . +1.81- 8 ~2.5~ 90 ~2.0~ 82 ~1.7~ 89 ~8~ .309~1~ .869~3~ 5.83~ 6 ~44~ .765 ~1~ 0.178–364~ .584+- 31.2~ 50 ~1.1~ 49,6~ 08 ~9.~ 16G ~~ 437.I 874 Basel Society (German)……….. 1815 427,653 100.152 156 8 129 26 319 56 1.681 2.013 721 34,823 2,190 62.822 668 37,077 South India, China. West Africa (3~.

Berlin M. S. ………………. 1824 327.452 105,385 117 21 111 16 265 25 1.138 1.403 549 33.683 521 62.970 336 13.651 Africa (East and South), China (3).

Breldum (SChleswig·Holstein)….. 1877 53,790 950 24 1 19 8 52 •• 132 184 152 2.766 1,252 14,107 89 1,655 India (Telugus) (t).

Gosaner's M. S……………… 1836 120,809 9,592 48 5 8 .. 61 35 899 960 507 30,388 2.156 112.887 265 8,634 India (Ganges, Chota Nacpore) (1).

Hemannsburg M. S. …………. 1849 124.300 24,682 67 4 67 5 143 7 672 815 163 41,232 927 10,000 190 11,230 India, South Africa, Persia (3).

Leipsic M. S………………… 1836 166.806 19,571 71 •• 70 .. 141 28 853 994 315 11.437 502 23.720 368 18.020 South. India Burma, British and German East Afnca (4l). Moravian •••••••••••••••..•••••• 1732 199.164 220.931 150 37 176 13 376 36 132 508 980 33.553 1.327 102.642 247 30 504 India (Laoiak), South Africa. Auatralia. South WAesmteArfir~icaW(TesotgoInladnides), North German………………. 1836 62,320 14.125 24 3 15 10 52 3 206 258 153 4.072 421 11.780 164 5.•820 Elkimo, Indians (9). (1).

Rhenish (Barmen}…………… 1828 253.790 64,067 159 20 146 23 348 31 1.010 1.358 693 71,655 6.157 178.263 743 40.226 Af<~~. Borneo, Sumatra. New Guinea. China Other German Societies………. •••• 340.760 32.800 115 40 98 44 297 16 112 409 '. 161 8.473 896 17.225 121 5.050 1-.-..-. __ Total Gmnan Societies•••..••• -1–2-.0-7-6.-84-4-+-5-9-2-.2-5-5+-9-31-1—14-3-1—83-9-1–1-5-8-1–2-.0-5-4-1, 262 6.835 8.746 4.454 272.082 16.355 656.416 3.191 171,867 —-~—~~—~–_+~–4_~–4_—-~—-~—-~–~–I~ -+–~-1 Totals, 1910……………….. r-.•-•.•.-.•-I·-11-.9.56-58.-279.8-04-9-+-5-0388.-375-8,9-0-3+I-9'l-l03-4–1291-70-+–76-805-0l–1-24-1f5-9l":'.92-8,12-2l0–1-6-72,2+7-6,-8-851.-945-5-8-.8-S-78.+9-735-.3-3-24+.3–323-0-9.-0265-91-.2~7-21-6.-1-1501-.54-7-854-1":'5,816-8,1-32+5-2":',3-,4163-064-1-21-05-9,.85-1477-1 Totals, 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totals, 1900………………. …. 1.185.468 340.118 808 58 678 174 1.718 184 5,102 6.820 2.560 157.460 13.986 289.146 2.022 97.581 Paris Society… ……… ……… 1822 199,520 4,416 60 28 82 18 188 84 1.011 1,199 920 35.630 1,220 79,650 508 3,085 Africa (South, East and West). Tahiti, Mado Swill Romande……………… 1875 64.388 3.158 Eaaspt lCAfarric(a5)(.1). 5,648 19 13 28 16 76 3 100 176 82 2,163 70 4.580 90 Netherlands Societies…………. …. 147.115 29,250 118 38 92 50 298 14 305 603 145 8,462 612 20,000 120 5,022 Scandinavian Societies………… …. 500.652 66,415 185 33 190 70 481 132 2.301 2,782 1,260 57.840 2,091 110.000 1.332 66,420 Auatralasian Methodist Society…. 1855 114.215 72.525 37 5 22 27 91 106 300 391 1,734 40.762 522 153,209 1.411 28,915 Fiji. Samoa. New Britain, New Guinca (5).

Asia. Africa, The Islands, etc….. ~1·..•:.•·.••:.••_I.t~1-~9-.91-~03,-61~4-,0~-03-~0~~~-23~0-84~-.21~-2.23-~7I~6-..-5;–8~0-9~~99-~"~"2"-8!5"-~40~2~_612~1,0~3~5~2~47~05~1+~21.~,89~2660~"""!"2~7600~9~_1.60..;…55.34._29…;-..1.38~..3.5.505~6+__95..6~279~70~~4~383.05.~..424~29~9..;-~19~.45~1.05~3~O+_I~8,1l~01.70~0.~043~9~~51;..8.3298~9~_ 74.112 TOTALS ………………… _18~0~..7.1.;,21 TOTALS, CHRISTENDOM… –..-.-. ·2I5.~29-7-.0-74-~-5-.5-19-.1-8-4 -I6~.7-91–~3-.6-54–~6-,6-75–+5_,0-68–~2~2.-05-84_-6.-00-8-~-88-,5-4-2 ~-1-1-0.-30~9. 49,579 2.304.318 152.216 4.875.454 31.206 1.477.049 Totals, 1910……………….. I-..-.-. -2t5,-47-1-.72-4-~-5.-24-9-.4I05___6.r63_7~–3.-28-7-I-6.-75-8–4-,7I9-1 –2-1-.2+48_–6.-15-9I__9-1.-51-3-~_11-3-.2~07~–45-.5-4~0–2-.2-2+2,-89-2—13-9-,89I9—4.-95-1~.3I25.–3_0._21-5-.~-1,-5-62-,-03-9I Totals, 1905. ……………… …. 19.661,885 3.516.015 5.905 2.567 5.061 4.306 17.839 4.353 89.335 107.174 31.451 1.754.182 143,193 4,072,088 27.835 1.246,127 I~—-~—–~~—-f Totals. 1900………………. ••.• 15.481.565 1.833.961 4.738 3,409 4.650 3.422 16.218 5,263 62.366 98,585 25.108 1.370.545 94.562 3.556.140 20.196 1.035,724 * Including Probationers.

I t •

WORLD-WIDE R __ S M_I_S_SI_O_N_A_RY_N_E_W_S_ _ GENERAL AMERICA Monday, January 8. – Personal The World's Populations Faithfulness. <.

Tuesday, January 9.-The Church RTHUR DOLLING'S of Christ. JI2I.~-""~" paper in the Strand Wednesday, January IQ,-Foreign Magazine 0 n "T h e Missions.

S tan din g Room of Thursday, January I I.-Home Mis- Populations," s how s sions.

the exceeding small- Friday, January 12.-Interests Do- ness of the standing mestic and Educational.

room needful for the populations of Saturday, January 13.-Interests countries of great importance in the National and International.

world. Sunday, January 14.-The Supreme The world's population (1,800,000,- Desirableness of the Kingdom's Tri- 000) could stand within the confines umph.-Is. 54: 13; Matt. 6: roo of the County of London (122 square miles). Conference on Faith and Order The population of India (221,239,- T 515) could stand in Manhattan Island. HE preparations are progressing The popuIation of Spain (18,000,- for a conference to consider 000) would go into the 1,000 acres of Bushey Park. qnest.ions of Faith and Order, The population of New Zealand to be participated in by representatives of the whole Christian world, both (897,657) could stand in the 50 acres Catholic and Protestant. The general of Buckingham Palace grounds. plan of action includes (I) the enlist- ing of all Christian people in prayer The population of Australia (3,774,- for God's blessing upon the undertak- 000) would go into Battersea Park ing; (2) the. s.ecuring of the appoint- (250 acres). ment of commIttees or commissions in all Christian communions; (3) the ar- The population of Canada (5,85°,- rangement of jOint meetings for such 000) would go into Hyde Park (400 commissions where convenient. acres). Seventeen of the leading Christian The population of France could find bodies in America, and one in Great standing room in Richmond Park . Britain, have appointed their commis- sions, and overtures to the Roman and (2,255 acres) . Orthodox Eastern Churches have re- The population of Ireland (4,398,- sulted in expressions of friendly inter- 462) could be put into Kensington Gardens.

The Week of Prayer T HE following list of topics for est from Cardinal Gibbons and Arch- the Week of Prayer is sug- bishop Platon, both of whom desire gested by the Evangelical Alli- to be kept informed of the progress ance for the United States: of the movement, and have exprest Sunday, January 7, 1912.-The the conviction that a clear statement Kingdom's Ceaseless Advance.-Mark of positions can result in nothing but 4: 26-28. good.

The Goal of Mis.ions did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me." I N the long run each nation must be converted by a ministry native Minions as a Unifying Force to its own soil. It has taken a good deal of missionary experience to make PROFESSOR BOSWORTH, of this clear, but there are few mission Oberlin University, has made workers who doubt it now. They the lucid and forcible statement foresee in every nation a time when that there are four things that bind every foreign missionary will have men together: " ( I) a common hope; returned to the land from which he (2) a common work; (3) deliverance came out, and the propagation of the from a common peril; (4) loyalty message of Christ will be left wholly to a common friend. The Christian to native tongues and native zeal. Church has all of these fundamental things to bind it together into a great But that· time has not come yet. united force for world conquest. It The missionary must stay for a con- has a common hope for itself and for siderable period longer, even in the the world in Jesus Christ, the world's most advanced of missionary coun- only Savior. It has a common work tries, in order to make sure that the -viz., the task of carrying to every native church has strength to extend creature the message of God's love as itself when left to grow alone. revealed in Jesus Christ. It has de- liverance from a common peril, and it Excuses for Not Giving to Missions has, in all its branches, loyalty to a common Divine Friend." W HO is the man who ought not to give to missions?" This Commenting on these statements, question was asked by the Mr. J. Campbell White, secretary of great American preacher, Horace the Laymen's Missionary Movement, Bushnell, and he gave a list of those says: "The chief object which seems who might justifiably refrain. They great enough and compelling enough are as follows: to lead the churches into a genuine spirit of cooperation is the mission- The man who believes that the ary enterprise. This is illustrated by world is not lost and does not need a the missionaries in every great mis- Savior. sion field in the world working' far more closely together than has yet The man who believes that Jesus been characteristic of the churches in Christ made a mistake when He said: the home land." "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature." Parents of Volunteers The man wh6 believes the Gospel is M R. LOUIS HEIB tells of an not the power of God, and can not experience when he was givsave the heathen. ing a Y. M. C. A. address in a church in aNew England town and The man who wishes that mission- were more prayers by Christian pararies had never come to our ancestors, ents with the spiritual welfare of their and that we ourselves were still sons. He was led to say that if there heathen. were more prayers by Christian par- ents dedicating their sons to Christian The man who believes that it is work there would be need of fewer "every man for himself" in this world, prayers to rescue wayward boys from who, with Cain, asks, "Am I my the downward path so many were brother's keeper?" treading. Mr. Heib says: The man who wants no share in the "After the service the minister's final victory. wife asked if I had noticed ·a blanched The man who believes he is not accountable to God for the money entrusted to him.

The man who is prepared to accept the final sentence: "Inasmuch as ye

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look come over many in the congrega- $35,000, and Mexico $34,000 to this tion as I had dwelt on this particular great French society, whose work expoint. She then pointed out the win- tends throughout the earth. dow to the finest house in town and told me that the owner was a leading Papal Missions to Protestants official and member of the church where I had. spoken that morning. T HE attitude of Roman Catholics The son had been to college for two toward Protestant missions in years, and the previous autumn had the Latin countries is quite difwritten home that he wanted to be- ferent from what these same Roman come a Student Volunteer. The fa- Catholics claim as a right for their thew was so opposed that he ordered missions in Protestant lands. his son home and got him employment with friends in New York city. Ten A letter from Very Rev. A. P. days before my visit the local papers Doyle, of the Paulist Fathers, begs had copied sensational reports of the the privilege of informing us of "the boy's doings in New York which had missionary awakening in the Catholic landed him in jail and brought shame Church which has for its purpose the and disgrace upon the family." explaining of the doctrines of the Catholic Church to non-Catholics." God can not answer the selfish pray- He assures us : "We have been growers of parents for their children with- ing quietly as a religious movement out bringing disaster on the children. during the last few years and are now Rather the "uttermost part of the thoroughly organized, and have a earth" with God than wealth and fame corps of missionaries in the field who and social prestige for our children are already securing notable results." without God. Will Father Doyle feel equally fra- Roman Catholic Mission. ternal when he finds Protestant min- isters "explaining the doctrines of the O NE of the great Roman Catholic Church to non-Protestant Catholics?" missionary societies is the So- ciety for the Propagation of A Cogent Appeal to Business Men the Faith which was founded in 1822 and has its headquarters in Lyons, T HE Men and Religion Move- France. According to its published ment is opening the eyes of report its income during 1910 was both the pastors and the men $1,342,000, an increase of $55,000 of the churches to the small amount over last year. France, in spite of its of real work that has been done political and ecclesiastical troubles, heretofore by the men. One pastor continued to be the main source of of a large city church, having a the society's financial strength, membership of 674 men, discovered French Roman Catholics contributing that only twenty-six were doing any $608,000. It is of peculiar interest to kind of church work. The "Survey" note that the Catholics of the United which every pastor is asked to make States came next, contributing $268,- in the interest of the Men and Re- 000, or $21,000 more than in 1909. ligion Movement will prove a revela- Of this amount the Archdiocese of tion to many in the suggested lines of New York gave an even $100,000, work that Christian men may do. while $29,000 came from Boston. From Baltimore came only $3,500, Five Years of Y. M. C. A. tho it is the headquarters of the Roman Church in the United States W HAT the Y. M. C. A. has on account of being the residence of accomplished in swelling its Cardinal Gibbons. Catholics of Ger- membership, filling its treasmany gave $151,000, Italy $53,000, the ury, and in the work of its many Argentine Republic $45,000, Spain branches which have so rapidly spread over America, would fill a book. Such has been its expansion that it now has centers in nearly 1,000

American communities, and in them The Moody Bible Institute to Date can be found nearly every nationality that peoples this country, from T HIS institution has at the end of the Syrian and Pole to the native twenty-five years of operation American. Within a period of five assets to the value of about years the Y. M. C. A. spent, in its $75°,000. I ts records show that the various centers, fully $50,000,000 for average annual outlay per student is new buildings, costing from $50,000 to about $150. There were slightly less $500,000 each. than 700 students last year, and a graduating class of 112. About two- Y. P. S. C. E. Still Astir thirds of the students were men. A correspondence department, with an T HE Christian Endeavor Move- enrolment of 519, is an important ment has gained more than 1,- part of the institute's work. The of- 000,000 new members in the ficers of the board of management are past two years. The funds for its prominent laymen – merchants and headquarters building are now practi- manufacturers-and it appears to be cally assured. During the whole ex- on a stable base. istence its expenses have been paid from the profits of its publishing de- Ministering to the Needs of Sailors partment. The movement for the closing of postoffices on. Sunday and T HE American Seamen's Friend for the suppression of prizefight cine- Society is doing a good work matographs originated from Christian among the 5,000 men employed Endeavorers. Nearly 25,000 of them upon the various ocean vessels, who are members of the Tenth Legion, i.e., are found in its neighborhood in givers of one-tenth of their income. New York each night. Four mis- sionaries are employed to look after To Increase Bible Study these wanderers of the deep when ashore, and last year these men W ITH the second week in Oc- made 323,644 visits to the institute. tober, the National Bible In- There are 156 bedrooms that are let stitute, of I56 Fifth Ave- to seamen for 25 cents a night, and nue, brought to a close its fifth they are always taken. There is a outdoor evangelistic campaign. Start- restaurant with good meals at a cheap ing in April, this campaign was price, game rooms, concert rooms, maintained without interruption for swimming pool, and reading room. twenty-four weeks, outdoor meetings There is a chapel called the Church being held at twelve different centers. of the Sea, where a prayer meeting is Eleven hundred and fifty meetings held every evening and regular servwere held during the summer, and ices on Sunday. In the office is a safe morc than I60,000 persons heard the in which the men may deposit their Gospel preached. The audiences were money, almost $40,000 being received composed largely of non-Christians, for them for varying periods last more than seventy-five per cent. hav- year. ing no connection with any Christian organization. Laymen contributed Tuskegee to Date largely to the success of this campaign, more than 100 speaking at the B OOKER WASHINGTON revarious points. The winter program ports that "during the past of the institute includes the conduct of three years there has been a an interdenominational evening school marked improvement in the regufor Christian workers, which is hold- larity of the attendance of the stuing its sessions every Thursday eve- dent body. About 85 per cent. of ning in the Marble Collegiate Church. the students now enter at the open- ing of school and remain until the close. There is an equally notable

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growth in the individual character and among members of the congregation worth of the students. In all the de- is that all those having an income of partments, 1,702 students have at- $1,000 or less will pay two per cent. tended the school during the year. to the church. Those who have larger This number does not, however, in- salaries pay a larger percentage. On clude the average attendance of 240 an income of $3,000 and over the rate in the winter short course in agricul- is five per cent. This payment is in ture, the 204 in the town night-school, full, and from those who pay it no . nor the 199 enrolled in the training- other contribution is asked. school, nor the 207 who attend the teachers' summer school, nor, of Battle Creek Medical Missionary course, does this number include the thousands reached and helped through Conference the annual meetings of the Tuskegee Negro Conference. Students have T HE fourth annual meeting of the been enrolled from 38 States and Ter- medical missionary conference, ritories, and from 15 foreign coun- held under the auspices of the tries." American Medical Missionary Board, will be held at the Sanitarium in Bat- Work of the Home Missions Council tle Creek, Mich., January 2 to 5, in- clusive. Rev. Lemuel C. Barnes, field T HIS body, in which are repre- secretary of the Baptist Home Mis- sented all principal Protestant sion Board, is to preside over the con- home mission societies, has re- ference, and the attendance of several tained former Commissioner H. B. F. prominent mission workers is assured. McFarland, of Washington, to repre- The Battle Creek Sanitarium offers sent it in United States Indian affairs. free entertainment for one week to all Among Indians Presbyterians are the missionaries who attend, and the spending $160,000 a year; Congrega- invitation is to all evangelical mission- tionalists, $40,000; Episcopalians, aries regardless of denomination. $35,000; Baptists, $25,000; the Re- formed, $4,000. There are 304,000 An American Indian Association Indians, and they are slowly increas- ing in numbers, and vastly increasing T HE first congress of the Ameri- in wealth. As a people, it is said by can Indians, at Columbus, Ohio, an officer of the Council, they are the resulted in the organization of richest per capita people in America. the American Indian Association for the civic and social betterment of the A Novel Phase of Missionary Work Indian people. Among the leaders in this new movement are Charles E. A N institutional church in San Dagenett, educated at Carlisle and f i Francisco for the Japanese is subsequently establishing an employ- ment bureau through which Indians proposed. Behind it are some are finding a field for their respective of the leading Japanese citizens: the talents; Dr. Charles Eastman, of Am- president and vice-president of the herst, the greatest writer of his race, Japanese Association of America, the now in the employ of the Govern- Japanese consul, the managers of the ment; Henry Roe Cloud, the only In- Oriental Steamship and of the Mitsui dian who has graduated from Yale Companies, and Mr. Fujihara of the and who is now a student at Auburn Yokohama specie bank. Seminary; Dr. Carlos Montezuma, a full-blooded Apache, educated in Chi- A Self-imposed Income Tax cago and one of the greatest surgeons in the United States; Rev. Sherman A NOVEL plan has been devised Coolidge, an Arapahoe who is an in a Presbyterian church in Mil- Episcopal missionary; Arthur C. Par- waukee; and that is, the adop- ker, of the Senec~ tribe, Indian arche- tion of a self-imposed income tax for ologist of the State of N ew York; church purposes. The agreement

Miss Laura M. Cornelius, of the Onei- A third by-product is the indirect da tribe, a noted magazine corre- influence upon the priests and memspondent; Mrs. L. B. Baldwin, of bers of the Roman Catholic Church. Washington, an Ojibway, in the Fed- They see the Protestant missionaries, eral office of Indian claims, and whose consecrated lives become object- Charles D. Carter, a Choctaw Con- lessons. The priests begin to pay atgressman from Oklahoma. Christian tention to their sermons, and even exmen, ministers and laymen are behind pository preaching is at times heard in this new Indian movement, but it is their pUlpits, together with the readtheir purpose to improve Indian con- ing of the Scriptures and the singing ditions through education, especially of hymns in Spanish. Sabbath-schools industrial education, in addition to re- and young people's societies are orligious effort. ganized in Roman Catholic churches, and the Gospel is at work in the insti- By-products of Christian Missions tution which has so long hindered progress in Cuba. in Cuba EUROPE W HILE the preaching of the Word, in uncompromising A Bible for the Jews loyalty to the Lord Jesus Christ and the organization and up- A PECULIAR interest attaches to building of churches are the chief the work of Rev. M. S. Bergwork of the Christian missionary, mann, the well-known translator benefits appear wherever the Gospel of the Holy Scriptures into the comis being preached in sincerity and in mon speech of the dispersed of Israel. truth, which may well be called the Needless to say, it is the exception to by-products of the Gospel, being an find Jews who can read the Hebrew indirect fruitage of the good seed Scriptures with intelligence. Just here sown. Most important among these Mr. B. has found his most important by-products of the Gospel in Cuba sphere of service: he has made verseems to be the creation of a purer sions of the Old and New Testaments civic atmosphere. Deep moral con- into the forms of speech commonly victions are implanted by the Gospel known as Yiddish. Now he is adding and the necessary courage to avoid a singularly interesting edition of the them is imparted. Social regeneration Scriptures to the list-a Diglot Bible, flows from a renewed heart, and a with Hebrew and Yiddish in parallel Christian man becomes soon an intel- columns. Thus the Jews will be supligent citizen. Self-control, civic in- plied, at one and the same time, with tegrity, truthfulness and honesty in the Scriptures in their sacred tongue, business, purity in body and soul, all and with the interpretation in the these are genuine fruits of the preach- speech of every-day life. ing of the Gospel. The children, trained in the knowledge and practise Zionism Without Jewish Independence of Gospel ideals, grow up into a new generation which brings with it desire AT the recent Zionist Congress in for purer politics, opposition to the Switzerland a new interpretation Cuban vices of sensuality, gambling, was given to the old platform of cock- and bull-fighting, desecration of the movement. There has been much the Lord's Day and repression of the opposition to Zionism because of the common cruelty to animals. political aspirations of its leaders, who have been thought to be desirous of But beside the creation of a purer establishing a self-governing Jewish civic atmosphere, the missionary gives state in Palestine. needed instruction in hygiene and teaches the need of sanitation and im- Professor Richard Gottheil explains parts a knowledge of the laws of that Zionism has been forced by cirhealth.

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cumstances to take on a somewhat dif- eign missionary service (I in Japan, ferent form. The change came a few 16 in China, 5 in the Dutch East Inyears ago when the Young Turks de- dies, 9 in India, 2 in Asia Minor, 10 posed Sultan Abdul Hamid and won in Africa, I in Australasia, and I in control of the affairs of the Ottoman South Russia). Six of these members Empire. From the moment the con- have ~en obliged to return to Gerstitution was proclaimed it became many, chiefly on account of illness. evident that no such charter as it had been proposed to get from Abdul Of the 51 othet members 2 are en- Hamid could be obtained under the new order of things. gaged in missionary work at home, while 49 are still pursuing their The late congress has established no studies. Of the 96 members 28 are new institutions but decided to devote physicians or students of medicine, an its energies to developing particularly especially encouraging sign because the Palestine Land Development Com- the vast majority of the students of pany, which has already settled so medicine in the German universities many Jewish farmers in Palestine. used to be at best nominally Christian. Professor Gottheil said: "Our hopes The German Students' Union has in Palestine are intimately bound up been somewhat hindered by the stuwith the welfare of the Ottoman Em- dents who are followers of the more pire." liberal German professors of theology, in that they organized "Academic Dr. Julius Richter of Germany Missionary Societies" in nine of the German universities in 19IO. These D R. JULIUS RICHTER, who is academic missionary societies do not . undoubtedly the greatest Ger- aim at personal consecration to active missionary service of their members, man authority on missionary but simply at the study of missions and the cultivation of general interest work among the heathen, intends to in them.

give his whole time to lectures and Present State of Moravian Missions literary work in behalf of foreign mis- W HEN it was announced two years ago that, on account of sions. It is announced that he will a largely increasing deficit, the Moravians were forced to enter leave the pastorate in the near future upon retrenchment in their extended and greatly blest missionary work and accept the call as professor of among heathen in every part of the earth, regret was voiced from aU sides. missions to the Bible Training School The report of the society for 1910 has appeared, and tells a wonderful story in Bethel, near Bielefeld. Dr. Rich- of God's continued goodness and care.

ter is one of the two editors of the The income from all sources was $472,864 in 1910, and the deficit of Allgemeine Missions-Zeitschriff, the 1909, which amounted to $63,894, was decreased to $13,165, but the expenses German scientific missionary maga- for 1910 were far larger than the in- come, and the society still faces a zine founded by the late Gustav War- deficit of $32,706. This can be un- derstood when we add that the Moneck, since the famous professor's ravians number scarcely forty thou- sand. God grant they speedy relief death, and the editor of the foremost through the friends of the work in all lands and denominations. popular German missionary month- The missionary activity of the Moly, Die Evangelischen Missionen. He is well known in the United States and in Great Britain.

Student Volunteers in Germany T HE German Students' Union for Missions was founded in 1896 for the express purpose of enrolling student volunteers and arousing interest in missions among the students of the universities and theological schools. It now has 96 members, of whom 45 are engaged in active for-

ravians is greatly encouraging. In the man East Africa and Kamerun are 154 missionary centers and 155 out- under consideration for the new work.

stations, to which must be added 1,213 The North German Missionary So- preaching-places, 150 ordained and 37 ciety was forced to declare, reluctant- lay missionaries, together with 13 dea- ly, its inability to occupy the interior conesses and 176 wives of mission- part of Togoland, and the Basel Mis- aries, were assisted by a native force sionary Society, which has already of I02 regular workers and 2,I34 well-established and prosperous work helpers. The number of native Chris- in Kamerun and in the British Gold tians under the care of Moravian mis- Coast Colony, has declared itself will- sionaries was 96.459 at the close of ing to undertake the work in the in- 19IO, and 601 adult heathen had been terior of Togoland, if the consent of baptized during the year, while 1,270 the German Government can be had.

inquirers were being prepared for bap- Thus German societies, for the Basel tism. In the 347 missionary schools Society is at least half German, are 30,504 children received Christian in- beginning to enter upon more active struction by 759 teachers, and of these warfare against encroaching Islam in children 6,087 were heathen (3.4°4 the German colonies of Africa.

boys and 2,683 girls), while the 192 • Sunday-schools had 1,354 teachers and General Missionary Conference in . 24,357 scholars, viz., 7.434 boys, 8,783 Sweden girls, and 8,140 adults.

P The work of Moravian missionaries LANS are being made for a General Swedish Missionary extends to America, Africa, Asia, and Conference in September, 1912. Australia.

All missionary societies of Sweden Forward Movement of German Societies have been invited to appoint delegates T HE Neukirchen Missionary So- to the number of 75 per cent. of their ciety has been laboring in Java, missionary laborers, so that about 300 Dutch East Indies, and in the delegates are expected. These dele- Lamu and Tana districts of British gates will discuss missionary questions East Africa. It decided a short time (particularly technical questions), ago to extend its work in Africa, and while addresses by specially selected sent two of its missionaries into the men will deal with more general subnorthwestern part of German East jects, and large public meetings will Africa upon a tour of exploration. enlist the interest of Christians gen- These decided to occupy the thickly- erally. A missionary exhibition of populated district of Urundi, whose books, photographs, etc., will be given at the same time. Sultan, Kilima, seemed to be of a friendly disposition. Since the cara- Mohammedan Sect in Bulgaria van road from Lake Victoria to Lake B Tanganyika leads through Urundi, the ULGARIA has about 600,000 Mohammedans among its three society has selected an important dis- and one-half million inhabittrict for its new field of labor.

The Breklum Missionary Society ants. One-third of them belong to has been planning for some time to the sect of the J ologhli (or Sons of add a work in Africa to its most suc- the Road), which is called sometimes cessful work in India, where its mis- the sect of the Kizilbash (or Red- sionaries have already gathered 11,556 heads). This sect is found among baptized heathen in the seven mis- Mohammedans everywhere, but espe- sionary centers. At the annual meet- cially in Asia Minor, in Kurdistan, in ing of the society it was decided to Mesopotamia, and in Persia. Its mem- take up the battle against the rapidly bers are very numerous, and are gen- advancing Islam in Africa, and Ger- erally counted simply as Mohamme-

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dans, tho they do not belong to the Millions in Russia in Need Sunnites or the Shiites, or to any of E [GHT million persons are in the publicly known sects of Islam, the need of immediate relief owing to the failure of the crops in Dervishes or the Sufites. They are twenty Russian provinces. This startutterly distinct from all other Moha~­ ling announcement was made in the medans in doctrine and thought, 111 duma by Premier Kokovzoff in reply to interpellations concerning reports customs and in practises and rites. that famine threatened a wide area. They keep their doctrines and re- Crops had totally failed, the premier explained, in twelve provinces and ligious practises secret that the Mo- partly in eight others. Of the 12,- hammedans may count them as fol- 500,000 inhabitants of. th~ affe~ted lowers of Islam, but when they are territory 8,000,000 are 111 immediate among themselves they deride Islam need of relief. The necessary measand declare its doctrines false. Many ures would require, the premier said, of their religious practises are similar the expenditure of $60,000,000, of to those of their Christian neighbors, which amount the imperial exchequer and they have more sympathy with would have to find $44,000,000. Christians than with Mohammedans, yet they are not Christians. ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS The Jologhly in Bulgari~ ~re four:d Progr~ss in Palestine in the villages, not in the clttes. Their women wear no veils. Divorce is SOME significant indications of practically unknown and polygamy is the progress being made in the rare. The sending away of wives, ~o Holy Land are given by the common among Mohammedans, IS Rev. A. E. Thompson. Under the new strictly forbidden, and women are regime, a city government has b~en honored and are granted equal rights elected in Jerusalem, and before be111g with the men in public meetings. An chosen promises were made of waterelder called Dacdae, or Pir, presides works and a sewage system for the at the meetings for worship, which city. Land that was worth a penny a consist in a number of ceremonies, square foot years ago can not now be and are held on the evening of every bought for three shillings; the rise in Thursday in the home of the elder. price being made ~y the d.emand for These ceremonies, as well as all their building purposes 111 the City. Farm customs and practises, are transmi~ted lands that could not formerly be sold by oral tradition, while their d?ctnnes are now eagerly purchased. A harb?r to a certain extent are committed to is being proj ected at Jaffa, and 111 writing.' The books containing thes~ some of the farm colonies the Ameriwritings are kept secret. The J ologhl1 can reaping-machine can be seen at practise communism and hold all prop- work. erty jointly. Jewish University at Jerusalem? Pastor Anetaranian, of the German Orient Mission, whose description of N OT a few will be interested in thIS peculiar Mohammedan sect w~ the proposal to found a Jewish are following, thinks that the J ologhh University at Jerusalem. The originally were Christians, because he project is being advanced by Mr. has observed some peculiar custo~s Israel Abrahams, reader in Talmudic and ceremonies among them WhiCh at Cambridge, and Mr. Rabinerson, can not be explained otherwise. the well-known Kieff millionaire. Mr. Rabinerson has likewise in hand a One of the missionaries of the Ger- scheme for the endowment of scholarman Orient Mission has attempted to ships, to be held by students of existpreach the Gospel to these J ologhli in Bulgaria during the past year. He has traveled among them extensively, and reports open doors and willingness to hear the Gospel.

ing universities, with the obligation of the work so that it will be possible to pursuing literary or archeological re- travel the distance from Constantisearch during a portion of each year nople to Bagdad by railroad in 1917. at Jerusalem. The scholars are to be It will remain a long journey, tho the elected by an international board of distance is only 2,400 kilometers (less Jewish professors and university than 1,500 miles), because Turks do teachers. not believe in night travel, and it will still take five or six days of travel, Moslems Crowding Into Christian but it will be a tremendous change for the better. Schools E DUCATIONAL changes in Per- Kuweit Occupied sia in the last year have been remarkable. While a few years KUWEIT, in Arabia, is a strategic ago no Moslem students came to the city in that great Mohamme- Christian schools, many are now dan stronghold. Its occupation thronged with Mohammedan boys and seemed essential to the faithful misgirls. In Teheran the boys' school has sionaries of the Arabian Mission, and an attendance of over 300, of whom Dr. Zwemer, Dr. Thomas, and Rev. 180 are Moslems, and the girls' school Van Ess each tried to gain a foothold. has registered 235, of whom 116 are They were refused entrance again and Moslems. In 1890 there was only one again, and after fifteen years of stri- Moslem girl in this school. ving in vain to gain a foothold, they almost despaired of ever occupying it. Railroad Construction in Asia Minor When Rev. Van Ess was ordered out of the city he went to a little hill just T HE part of the railroad Con- on the border of the town, and there stantinople-Bagdad, which ex- he prayed fervently that Kuweit might tended from Bulgurluto Ulu- be opened to the Gospel. kishla, a town located at the foot of the Bulghar Dagh, the ancient Taurus, Two years passed and the city still was opened on July I. Thus the eyes was closed to Christian effort. Then of the world are once more directed Dr. Bennett met the sheik of Kuweit to the great future road for the com- in another city. He gradually won his merce of the world, which has met confidence, so that the white doctor more than usual obstacles in its con- was called in when the- Mohammedan struction. ruler's daughter fell sick. God blest the art of the physician and a surgical The building of the Bagdad rail- operation restored her to health. In road was commenced eight years ago gratitude the sheik opened Kuweit in Kania, and two years later 200 unto the Christian misionaries, rented kilometers (about 124 miles) were fin- a Bible-shop to them, and finally sold ished, the town of Bulgurlu, at the them a plot of ground for missionary foot of the Taurus, having been buildings. It was the little hilI where reached. Four years of inactivity fol- Rev. Van Ess had prayed that God lowed. Then, in 1909, the work was would open the city to the preaching commenced again from Bulgurlu to- of the Gospel. Thus God had anward Ulukishla and from Adana, swered the prayer of His child! south of the Taurus. As soon as the road over the Taurus and over the INDIA Amanus Mountains toward Ki11is has been finished, the most difficult and Gospel Triumphs the most expensive part of the work will have been done, and it remains SIR JOHN HEWITT-one of the only to lay rails over the sand to Bag- great rulers of India-pays a dad. handsome tribute to the work of the Salvation Army among the crimi- It is now being planned to hasten nal tribes at Gorak}!mr and Morada-

I9 12 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 7I

bad. Not only are they saved from and joined him silently in the prayer, crime, but they are turned "from more than half of the whole assembly hopeless enemies of mankind into use- stood up and remained silent and ful citizens." The Lieutenant-Gen- standing until the prayer was finished .. eral, indeed, says a great deal more, and credits the Salvation Army with Higher Missionary Schools in India solving "a hitherto unsolved problem." This striking testimony to the power nA CCORDING to the Leipsic Misof God's grace to convert the hopeless sionsblatt, the Christian Patriot enemy into the useful citizen is worthy calls attention to a regrettable of a permanent place in Christian rec- schools of India. It is said that in ords. It is well to have it proclaimed many of these schools two or three aloud on this high authority, that the teachers only are Christians, and they Gospel-even among the most tur1:m- teach nothing but religion. Thus the lent tribes of India-is still the power scholars are continually influenced by of God unto salvation. heathen teachers, and the influence of the teacher of religion is still de- Congress of Religions of All India creased by the fact that the heathen pupils of these missionary schools con- D IE EVANGELISCHEN MIS- sider him a more or less necessary SIONEN reports that a Con- evil. The superintendency of the gress of Religions of All India schools by heathen must necessarily was held at Allahabad in the beginning be disadvantageous to the interests of of the year. All sects of Hindus were Christianity. However, it must not be represented, and among the speakers, forgotten that Christian teachers, beside these Hindus, were Islam, fitted for higher schools, are scarce, Buddhism, Parseeism, Judaism, and and that the higher schools in connec- Christianity. The Christian mission- tion with missionary work in India aries thought that they ought to ap- are very numerous, perhaps too nupear upon the platform together with merous. the representatives of these false religions, because discussions and reso- Converted, Drugged and Made Insane lutions were prohibited and only concise statements of the doctrines and SEVERAL cases of insanity have tenets of the different religious sys- come to public notice in Indians tems were permitted, so that a fine who have either become Chrisopportunity for the public presentation tians or who were on the point of of Christianity was offered. They becoming Christians. It has been rewere greatly pleased with their suc- peatedly affirmed that members of cess, because deep interest was shown their caste or family, in despair at by the audience only when a Christian their conversion, have given them missionary began to speak. This was an herb or drug which immediprobably caused by the fact that every ately affects the brain. Definite con- Christian speaker seemed conscious of firmation of this has not been obthe importance and of the reality of tained, and some European physicians the message which he was delivering, deny that such a drug exists. If the while non-Christian speakers delivered undoubted insanity which comes on poor and unimpressive addresses. suddenly is not due to poison adminis- Once a Hindu' repeated a Sanskrit tered in the food, it would be interestprayer, but other Hindus did not show ing to know how else the symptoms the least reverence, and did not even can be accounted for. The fact that cease their loud talking. But when a a drug capable of producing insanity Christian stood upon the platform and in a single dose is unknown to Vestern prayed, and all other Christian mem- science is in itself no proof that such bers of the Congress reverently arose a drug is not known in India.

American Sr.hool Stands First of Hindus are scarce, and the Ganges Mission saw many years pass by with- I N the recent public examination of out the baptism of any heathen. The those graduating from the high number of baptized Hindus in this schools of the Madras Presidency, part of the work of the Gossner Misthe American Board's high school at sionary Society is now 757, while the Madura was at the top of the list for missionary schools have 1,259 pupils. the district, so far as English is concerned, and much above the average The Darkness of Tibet for the Presidency. This result is all the more gratifying in that the stand M R. R. CUNNINGHAM, of the of the school hitherto has been rather China Inland Mission, writes low, with but few of its students from in The Bible in the World: the Brahman caste. Steady and hard "Why Tibet remains in seclusion, work at the task of building up this the haunt of the recluse, may, I institution, important both in its own think, be explained by the one word, field and as a feeder for the college, Darkness. Its people hate the light has thus won its reward. and shun civilization. Their minds and hearts are darkened; they are The Gossner Mission Converts following a false ideal; they are trying to be and do good without T HE Gossner Missionary Society, divine strength. As a result, they are laboring in India, published its groping in dense night, and searching report for 1910 in brief form in vain for the very light which is that it might awaken and strengthen shining on the borders of their land. the interest of its friends, so that, Mission-work on the Tibetan border D. V., its large deficit from preceding is very difficult, but not discouragit:lg. years (more than $30,000) might be The missionary does not here meet wiped out before the celebration of raw heathen, uncivilized pagans, or its seventy-fifth anniversary, on De- wild cannibals. He meets something cember 3. The work among the hea- harder than any of these; he sets his then Kols is marvelously blest, so that face and life against a well-organized 1,984 heathen were baptized in 19IO, system of 'Enlightened Darkness.' " and the total number of baptized heathen increased to 77,535, of whom CHINA 3,301 belong to the kingdom of Jas- Once a Glacier, Now an Avalanche pur. There were 13,933 inquirers SAYS the London Christian: "For under Christian instruction at the years China has been like a glacclose of the year. ier, moving slowly, surely, but imperceptibly; to-day she is like an The report contains a note of com- avalanche. The success of the revoluplaint concerning the selfish and hos- tionary movement is nothing short of tile work of the Jesuits, who seriously astounding. City after city quietly cahinder the fight against the national pitulates; and concessions have already vice of the Kols, which is drunken:' been made from the throne which ness, and who continue to do all they point to great changes affecting popucan to make proselytes. The work is lar rights and liberties. When we realso hindered by the death of two of member the greatness of China's provthe most experienced missionaries and inces – Szechwan, with sixty-eight by the return of several others to Ger- millions of people, and Shantung, with many on account of sickness and thirty-eight millions-it is clear that weakness. .In the work among the such provinces are well worthy to be heathen along the Ganges the mission- states; and if it is possible to compact aries have been encouraged by the the whole under one supervising govbaptism of 89 Hindus and the coming ernment,· the progress of China, and of 138 candidates for baptism, remarkably large numbers, for baptisms

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

therefore the progress of the world- C. A. has been successful in gaining and (may we not say?) the progress an entrance to the government schools of the kingdom of Christ-should be in Tientsin. enormously advanced." Can Work as Well as Give Christianity in China T HE ninety-two members of two CHINA, contains to-:-day probably Chinese churches in Shansi have 1,500,000 native Christians, two- heen volunteering shorter or thirds of whom are Roman Cath- longer terms of evangelistic touring. olics, and the remainder are distributed Their aggregate periods of free servamong the various Protestant sects. ice amount to fifteen months. In Great Britain and America divide the Hunan the members of another church labors of the Protestant work be- have systematically visited 1,448 viltween them. England specializes on lages out of 2,211 in their district, and its literary and evangelistic sides, while hope to evangelize the balance this America leads in educational and year. medical enterprises. England has largely given up Oriental educational JAPAN-KOREA work, chiefly owing to the failure of her efforts in India, which, seemingly, -Christian Ideals Virtually Adopted have ended only in spreading the spirit of revolt among the educated Hindus. T HE late Dr. J. H. DeForest tes,ti- There is but one English college in fied during his last visit to this China, as against fourteen maintained country that Japan had already by America. virtually adopted Christian ideals. Polygamy still prevails there, but it is More Missionaries for China decreasing and men are becoming ashamed to own that they have more T HE Liebenzell Mission, which is than one wife. Barbarous cruelty in associated with the China In- the punishment of criminals is de- land Mission in its work, sent clining. Popular education is preout ten new missionary workers to scribed there; business methods are China on September 3. Among them wholesomely improving; women are was its first medical missionary. He receiving better treatment-and our is a brother of the, first ordained mis- missionaries are chiefly responsible sionary of the society who was sent for this great enlightenment. out twelve years ago.

Activity of the Y. M. C. A. Testimony of a Christian Japanese MANY of the government col- R EV. GERMOSULEE has re- leges throughout China are cently said: "The Japanese now seeking for foreign Methodist Church is the latestteachers, and the demand is steadily born of Methodist churches. In 1907 and rapidly increasing. In a num- the members of the Methodist Episber of cases, both in Japan and China, copal Church, of the Methodist Episthe Y. M. C. A. has been instru- copal Church (South), and of the mental in securing for them Christian Canadian Methodist Church in the teachers and professors, and results Japanese Empire, with the full conhave amply justified the enterprise. sent of the Methodist churches in One government school-teacher, with- America, united and formed the in a year, gathered around him an Methodist Church of Japan, electing English Bible class of over 100 stu- the Rev. Yoitsu Honda Bishop. The dents, of whom twelve became Christians. The opportunities for splendid new church in 1907 began with 97 consecrated service in this great field churches, 9,738 members, 106 or- dained ministers, and 19,006 Sundayare practically unlimited. Th<;! Y. M. school scholars. It now has 107

churches, 13,000 members, 138 or- influence has been unmistakably great. dained ministers, and 25,000 Sunday- Anglo-Saxon civilization came in with the glad tidings of emancipation of in- .. .. .. school scholars. dividuals from their social and legal BARON KANDA, the head of bondage. The message consists of two words-freedom and responsibil- the higher commercial school in ity-freedom in the social and polit- Tokyo, at a reception and din- ical life, and responsibility in the spirner given recently in honor of Mr. itual and intellectual life." Russell and Hamilton Holt, of New York, said: Roman Catholic University for Japan "Let me, in this connection, pay a humble tribute to that noble band of GERMAN missionary magazines American missionaries and teachers, report that the pope has apwho have consecrated their lives to proved the plans for the foundthe cause of moral and intellectual ing of a Roman Catholic University elevation of our people,-that noble in Japan, and has entrusted the work band, headed by the late lamented Dr. to the Jesuits. The city selected for Hepburn, who, with the crown of over the new university is Tokyo. fourscore years and ten, but with a still brighter one of his immortal Koreans and Japanese Fraternize work, left in the hearts of his pupils here, has recently gone to his well- A f tNCherxistrtiaaonrdibnraortyheirnhtoeorvdenttoionproo-f earned rest. He has left behind him mote peace is noted in letters not a few pupils who have since risen from Tokyo. The native Young to posts of great importance in the life Men's Christian Association of Tokyo of new Japan, among whom I may invited thirty prominent Korean paspoint with pride to my honored friend, tors to come to Tokyo and spend two the president of the Bank of Japan weeks as the guests of the association, (Baron Takahashi) present to-night. the avowed object being to promote But there are many Hepburns, Ver- fellowship and good-will between the becks, Browns, and Williams, the last- Christians of the two lands, since it ing influence of whose labors it is im- was feared that the political resentpossible to overestimate. And I am ment of the Koreans against the Japglad to say that this noble band is con- anese conquest had created an unchrisstantly recruited, and is ever swelling, tian feeling among church people of whose influence is deeply stamped the conquering and the conquered naupon the rising generation, and will tions. The Koreans enjoyed their be felt indirectly through generations visit thoroughly and good results are to come." felt to have accrued from the plan.

The Influence of the Bible in Japan Y. M. C. A. in Korea MORE than five million copies of T HE Seoul Young Men's Chris- the Bible, in whole or in part, !ian Association was organized have been circulated in Japan 1ll 1903. It now owns a large during the last thirty years, yet the lot worth $20,000, paid for by Ko- Word of God is still the best-selling reans, and a building valued at book in Japan. The influence of the $46,000. Its budget of $11,000 is Bible is thus described by a writer in raised wholly in Seoul. It has the Japan Times: "More than any- a day school with a course of four thing else, the English Bible, together years, which graduated eighty-four with the presence of missionaries, has members last year; also industrial contributed toward the spread of new classes with shops, supported from ethical conceptions. Christianity as local funds. The commercial output a religion is yet far from making the of these shops last year exceeded conquest of this land, but its indirect $1,500. Of its 876 members, 872 are

12 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

in Bible classes! Last year 752 men will realize how large he is both in became Christians in connection with heart and in purse. this work. In a recent campaign $5,000 has been raised for a gym- AFRICA-WEST nasium. Kings at a Missionary Meeting AFRICA-NORTH T HE centenary movement of the Missions in the Nile Valley Wesleyan Methodist Mission- ary Society is commanding deep I T is said that in the Nile Valley interest in distant parts of the there are 55 foreign missionaries, field. Rev. W. R. Griffin, of the Gold besides their wives-37 men and Coast, reports a meeting, at Cape women working in colleges, schools Coast, in these terms: "The chapel and hospitals; 46 native ministers, was crowded. Five native. kings were and IS licentiates who are caring for present with their retinues. The Ohthe interests of 60 organized congre- manhin (king) of Cape Coast pregations, with a membership of 10,000 sided, a man eighty-five years of age, people. There are 560 native work- who was nine years of age when our ers. Some 20,000 men and women first missionary landed at Cape Coast listen every Sabbath to the preaching in 1835. A great spiritual power of the Gospel; 14,000 gather for in- rested upon the meeting. We held anstruction in the Sabbath schools; while other crowded meeting at night; and the hospitals and clinics touch with before the day closed $1,500 in cash, the hand of sympathy and healing almost all in silver, had been paid in. some 35,000 people every year. The Weare hoping that the Cape Coast harem workers visit 5,220 women and Circuit will raise altogether $2,250." give them instruction and comfort in Mr. Griffin adds: "What hath God their homes. wrought indeed! Seventy-six years ago our first missionary landed here; Fifty-three' per cent. of the whole to-day we have 200 native teachers, cost of the American Mission in agents, catechists, and ministers; 31,- Egypt comes from the natives them- 000 full, trial, junior, and catechumen selves. members; and about 100,000 people worshiping in our churches." A Great Annual Conference A Royal Missionary T HE Evangelical United Presby- terian Church of Egypt held MISSIONARY SCHWARTZ, its Annual Conference for pray- of the Basle Society, writes er and spiritual edification October home from the Gold Coast: 10-12 at Sanaboo, a small town about "King Njoya might be called the two hours north of Assiut, by rail, and most influential missionary of all perhaps one and a half hours by don- the interior. He is himself building key from the railroad. There is a rich a great school for his 500 pupils. I man there who loves his "nation and have been working for a week at mahath built her a synagog" and a school king him doors and windows, and had for boys, one for girls and an orphan- to make the plan of the building in age for boys and girls. All were the order that the doors and windows guests of this man especially and the might fit exactly. N joya is enchanted church of which he is a member, inas- with his educational palace, and has much as they all gave us a royal wel- given me twenty-five logs for our stacome. The man entertained us all in tion.. He teaches the school himself, his own house or houses, for he has relates and dictates Bible stories to the three or four, and when you realize children, composes Christian hymns that he fed, housed and supplied all and teaches the children to sing them." the wants of a company not less than 300 for from three to four days you

AFRICA-EAST sionary spirit, however, carried him back to Japan in 1893, when he joined Friendly Authorities Bishop McKim's staff. For the next six years he was president of St. T HE influence of Bishop Hart- Paul's College, Tokyo, and did much zell's visit to Lisbon and his to lay the foundations for its present interview with the ministers effectiveness. After resigning his there," writes the Rev. W. C. Terril, formal connection with the mission, of Portuguese East Africa, "is hav- Mr. Lloyd was appointed a professor ing a great and helpful effect on in the Imperial University at Tokyo, our work. The officials know of it but continued to give valuable volun- and their attitude toward our work teeraid to the Church's work. Hun- is different. They respect it, for dreds of Japanese students have been they realize that there is back of it a led to Christ by Mr. Lloyd. His latest Church that is large and which stands large publication, "Everyday Japan," for the best things in government and is an interesting account of life as it life. The Bishop's interview with the is lived to-day in the Sunrise King- new high commissioner of the prov- dom, with some study of the reasons ince and the recently appo.inted dis- for Japanese customs. He was won- trict governors also resulted in a good derfully versatile and co.uld accom- understanding on their part of why plish an extraordinary amount of we are here." work with little apparent effo.rt. Dur- ing the years o.f his connection with To Undertake Home Missions the American Church Mission he used all his salary for Church work. A BOARD of missions has been organized in the English Church Rev. Henry Mansell of India mission in Uganda, Central Af- rica, with headquarters at N amirembe. A VETERAN missionary of the Its work is to evangelize in the regions Methodist Episcopal Church in around Uganda, using the Baganda as India, Rev. Henry Mansell, died missionaries as far as possible. Rev. on Wednesday, November 8, at Bris- G. H. Cassons writes: "There are ex- tol, Conn. He returned to America cellent openings in the northeast, from India in September, 1910., altho where the people are begging for he had been on the retired list at his teachers. About one hundred Bagan- own request since 1902. da are now at work, but there are openings for twice that number." Henry Mansell was born in Ohio in 1834, and after pursuing his studies in OBITUARY NOTES Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., he went to India in 1863 and labored in Arthur Lloyd of Japan the present North and Northwest In- dia Conferences. In 1877 a high R EV. ARTHUR LLOYD, for school was established at Lucknow, nearly ten years a member of which later became the Centennial the American Church Mission High School and then the Reid Chrisin Japan, died at his home in Tokyo, tian College. Dr. Mansell became the October 26. Mr. Lloyd was born in first principal, and later was the presi- India in 1852, while his father was dent of Bareilly Theological Semi- serving as a colonel in the British nary. He served as principal of army. He was educated at Cam- Philander Smith Institute and presid- bridge and began work in Japan under ing elder of Mussoorie District from the S. P. G. in 1883 as an honorary 1893 to 1901. He was a tireless missionary, supporting himself by worker and an honored missionary teaching in Government colleges. whose work as translator and edu- After six years he went to Canada to cator will long continue to produce rebecome principal of the Church school at Port Hope and professor of Latin sults in Christian missions in India. in Trinity College, Toronto.. The mis-

• BOOKS ON MISSIONS

S' _ _ _A_N_D_M_IS_S_IO_N_L_A_ND_·S_ _ AN EIRENIC ITINERARY. By Silas McBee. Christianity. The Metropolitan Bishop 12mo, 225 pp. $1.00, net. Longmans, of Russia gave Mr. McBee his bless- Green & Co. New York, 1911. ing and best wishes on his mission. The Coptic Patriarch of Egypt re- A tour of Europe and the Levant marked that the visit had given him is not in itself of unique interest, but new ideas and new hopes. a tour of these nominally Christian lands by a prominent Christian lay- The spirit of the mission and of the man and editor in the interests of addresses is noble and Christian. The Christian unity is both unique and im- ideals are worth working for, and the portant. Mr. McBee attended confer- results are beyond our power to estiences, and on his tour talked with mate. The practical plans by which high representatives of all branches of to promote cooperation, the decision the divided Christian Church. The as to what are essentials in faith and purpose of these interviews with the practise, and th.e outward manifesta- Ecumenical Patriarch of Constanti- tions of unity may awaken wide disnople and others in England, Ger- cussion, but faith in Jesus Christ, the many, Russia, Italy, Egypt, and Con- son of God, and absolute dependence stantinople was to discover the real on Him for time and eternity form the content and spiritual value of oriental center around which Christians must Christian faiths, and to learn how far be drawn nearer together. their leaders were open to the suggestion of closer fellowship and cooper- AMONG THE INDIAN RAJAHS AND RyOTs. ation with the Roman and Protestant churches. Unity, not uniformity, is By Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser. Illusthe ideal which Mr. McBee desires. trations and map. 8vo, 368 pp. $4.00, His six addresses and papers, that net. Seeley & Company, London, 1911. follow the description of the tour, emphasize the great fundamental doc- Sir Andrew Fraser is well known trines and ideals that are held in as the former Christian Lieutenantcommon by all who believe in God as Governor of Bengal and for thirtyrevealed in Jesus Christ. seven years in civil service in India. There is no better living authority on The author describes the many re- the British Empire in India, and Sir markable changes that he observed in Andrew writes forcefully and well. the attitude of the Greek, Armenian He is a distinguished man, honored and .even the Coptic churches toward for his ability, courage, force and Roman and Protestant Christians. He Christian character. thinks that the end sought by division, the liberty to seek and live the The present volume describes Sir truth, has largely been attained, and Andrew's life in India, his experiences that the time has come to lose sight and observations among Europeans of our differences in our agreements and natives, in private and official life. -that now the same end may be at- He made friends with all classes and tained better by cooperation and unity. passed through some exciting times. Pope Pius X read some of the papers There is great variety in the topics printed in this volume and declared taken up, sad and serious, humorous that the Roman Catholic Church was and adventurous. The chapter on ready, in the interests of unity, to Christian Missions is sane and imyield all except the fundaments of pressive. The author says: "It is not easy to overestimate the importance of the beneficent influence

which missionaries have exercised in as emanating from the devil. The India." book is worth reading, as it gives a "In Nagpur, where I was stationed Christian view of the religious sys- for many years, I joined the native tem of the Hindus, but we doubt if church and became an office-bearer." the consensus of opinion among mis- "The power of the Spirit of life in sionaries in India would uphold Dr.

Christ Jesus to cheer and purify the Hume in his views. It is true that his- lives of men, and to elevate and trans- toric Hinduism has many beauties and form their characters is the same in much truth, but the results of the re- India as in England." ligious system show its character.

It is not easy to commend this vol- Like Shintoism, Confucianism, Bud- ume with sufficient emphasis. It will dhism and Islam, Hinduism is a mix- be read for its intrinsic value as well ture of beauty and ashes, of truth and as for the interest in the author and error; they are dying religions and can his theme. not be regenerated. They contain no THE CoNVERSION OF INDIA. By Emil P. beauty or truth which is not found in Berg. 16mo, 238 pp. 25. Arthur H. Christianity. It is well to recognize Stockwell, London, 1911. their good points, but their adherents Here is an attempt at reconciliation must forsake them and surrender to between Christianity and Hinduism. the claims of Jesus Christ.

The author looks on the attempted TURKESTAN: THE HEART OF ASIA. By conversion of India to Christ as dis- William E. Curtis. Illustrated. 8vo, appointing. He believes that the basis 344 pp. $2.00, net. George H. Doran of the missionary appeal must be Co., New York, 1911.

modified. A new method is advocated Turkestan is an unknown land to -along the line of liberal theology. most travelers and stay-at-homes. In other words, let down the bars and Few, even among missionary students, Hindus will come into the Church. could tell just where it lies, who are The "Reformed Christianity" of Mr. the inhabitants, and if any Christian Berg is, to our minds, "deformed missionary work is being carried on Christianity." It is heathenism that there. It is, nevertheless, a large and needs changing, not the Christianity important country. Russia governs of Christ. No doubt the religion as it with jealous eye and hand, but the taught and practised by missionaries land is full of interest and roman~e, is imperfect. The great fundamental and Mr. Curtis has lifted the veil to truths need to be emphasized, and the the reader. lives of Christians must witness to the Turkestan lies almost in the heart power of God, but to win by compro- of western Asia, south of Siberia and mise with evil is to lose. It is better between China and the Caspian Sea. for Christianity never to convert In- It measures about half the size of the dia than to convert it as Moslems con- United States (exclusive of Alaska), vert the Africans. A reconciliation and is settled by Turks, Tatars, Mon- between Hinduism and Christianity is gols and Chinese. The Christianity impossible unless one or the other known there is that of the Greek loses its true character. Church; other inhabitants are Bud- AN INTERPRETATION OF INDIA'S RELIGIOUS dhists, Moslems and pagans. Protes- HISTORY. By Rev. Rober! A. Hume. tant missions there are none. The 12mo, 224 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. nearest station is at Kashgar, in Chi- Revell Co., 1911. nese Turkestan. The Russian Gov- Dr. Hume is a missionary of ex- ernment is jealous of any efforts to perience and a forceful thinker and bring evangelical Christianity to the writer. He has made a careful study people. That they greatly need it of India's religions and history, and none will doubt after reading Mr.

writes very sympathetically of the Curtis's description. Bokhara cats systems which most Christians regard spend more time on their toilet than

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

do Bokahara women. Foreigners are be still more so if British and Ameriprotected there, but the devil is not a can subjects were as fully represented foreigner. Opium smoking and vice as are the German. are prevalent, slavery exists and lib-" erty is unknown. The description of THE CHILDREN OF CEYLON. By Thomas Turkestan is entertaining but oppress- Moscrop. Colored illustrations. 12mo, ive to those who have compassion for 96 pp. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell their fellow men. Co., New York. 1911.

A FOUNTAIN UNSEALED. The B. & F. B. This series of little volumes reveal S. Report for 1910-1911. Illustrated. the similarity and contrasts between London, 1911. the Anglo-Saxon and other children. The children are all human boys and There is nothing more impressive girls, but their environment, their than the simple narratives of the prog- training, their religions, customs, and ress and results of Bible distribution ideals are different. The descripamong non-Christian people. Here tion of these differences are very inare stories from all over the world- structive and entertaining; they also stories that amuse, touch, thrill, in- show the need of Christian training spire. They offer valuable material and the closing chapter illustrates for missionary addresses, and prove what is being done through mission that the Word of God is powerful and schools. This is an excellent book fruitful. for junior children.

THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE GALAX GATHERERS. By E. O. Guer- RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE. Edited by Sam- rant. 8vo, 220 pp. $1.00. Presbyterian uel Macauley Jackson, D.D. Volumes Committee of Publication, Richmond, X and XI. 8vo. $5.00 per volume. Va. 1911. Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1911. A missionary among the Ameri- This series is a rich mine of relig- can Highlanders of Kentucky writes ious information. In general it is pre- these "field notes" of his experiences sented as nearly as possible fairly and among them, and declares that the without bias and with sufficient clear- truth he tells is "stranger than ficness and fulness to make the articles tion." Dr. Guerrant, by his vivid of real and permanent value. The bio- pen pictures, has given us an excelgraphical sketches include such men lent view of the Appalachian Mounas Robert E. Speer, Hudson Taylor, tain regions, and the untutored people Bishop William Taylor, James M. who live there. He himself has been Thoburn, Elias and Edward Riggs, soldier, doctor, evangelist, of ability the Schauffier family and others. The and success. The volume is full of articles on separate fields are well human interest. written by men who know. Spain is fully described with reference to Ro- THE MINISTER'S SOCIAL HELPER. By man Catholic, anti-clerical and Prot- Theresa Hunt Walcott. 12mo, 364 pp. estant forces. The South Sea Islands, $1.00. Sunday School Times Co.• Syria, and Russia are also well pre- Philadelphia. 1911. sented as mission fields. The theology is a compromise between conservative Church social functions for all ages and liberal. There are articles on so- and conditions are made easy by the cial service and socialism, and one on plans suggested in this practical Christian Science which was approved volume. The ideas on socials, misby Mrs. Eddy and is followed by a sions, work, and money-raising have criticism of its main features, well been tested and have been contriworth reading (by Rev. J. F. Carson, buted to the Ladies' Home Journal. Church, Sunday-school, and young D:D.). people's committees will find this The whole work of reference is ex- Helper useful without the faults of some committee chairmen-the plans ceedingly valuable for studtnts, teach- need not be accepted if they do not ers, preachers and writers. It would appeal or apply.

IN A FAR COUNTRY. By Harriette Bron- THE OLD FAITH AND THE NEW GOSPELS. son Gunn. 8vo, 244 pp. ~1.()(), n~t. Special Addresses on Christianity and Am. Baptist Pub. Soc., PhIladelphIa. Modern Thought. By Rev. A. B. 1911. Simpson. 16mo, 161 pp. 60 cents. Alliance Press Co., 692 Eighth Ave., Mrs. Gunn gives mainly the story New York, 1911. of her mother, Mrs. R~th Lucas Bronson's, life and work m Assam, EVERYMAN'S RELIGION. By George Hodges. 12mo, 297 pp. $1.50, net. India. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1911.

YORK CONFERENCE REpORT, Feb. 10-14,1911. UNDER THE PROPHET IN UTAH. The Na- l2mo, 268 pp. Is. 6d. Friends F. M. tional Menace of a Political Priest- Association, London. 1911- craft. By Frank J. Cannon, in collabo- ration with Harvey J. O'Higgins. The Edinburgh Missionary Co~­ $1.35, net. C. M. Clark Publishing ference has found many echoe~ 1.n Co., Boston, 1911. various parts of the world. ThIs IS one of them, held by ~h~ Society of THE YELLOW PEARL. A Story of the East Friends in Great Bntam, to con- and the West. By Adeline M. Teskey. sider the commission reports. Frontispiece, 12mo, 208 pp. $1.00, net. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1911. NEW BOOKS SOUTH AMERICA OF TO-DAY. A Study of AN EIRENIC ITINERARY. Impressions of Conditions, Social, Political, and Com- our Tour, with Addre~s~s and Papers mercial, in Argentina, Uruguay, and on the Unity of Christian Churches. Brazil. By George Clemenceau. Il- By Silas McBee. Illustrated, 12mo, lustrated, 8vo, $2.00, net. G. P. Put- 225 pp. $1.00, net. Longmans, Green nam's Sons, 1911. & Co., New York, 1911. THE CHANGING CHINESE. The Conflict PROFESSOR RAUSCHENBUSCH'S "CHRISTIAN- of Oriental and Western Cultures in ITY AND THE SOCIAL CRISIS." By I. M. China. By Edward Alsworth Ross, Haldeman, D.D. Pamphlet, 42 pp. 10 Ph.D., LL.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 356 pp. cents. Charles C. Cook, 150 Nassau $2.40, net. The Century Co., New York, St., New York, 1911. 1911.

AN OPEN LETTER TO SOCIETY. Frot? Con- THE COMING CHINA. By Joseph King vict 1776. With an IntroductIOn by Goodrich. Illustrated, 12mo, 298 pp. Maud Ballington Booth. 12rno, 160 pp. A. C. McClurg & Co., Cnicago, 1911. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1911. A GLIMPSE OF THE HEART OF CHINA. By Edward C. Perkins, M.D. Illustrated, HANDBOOK ON FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE 12mo, 95 pp. 60 cents, net. Fleming UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NORTH H. Revell Co., New York, 1911. AMERICA 1911. 103 pp. C. R. Watson, 200 N. i5th St., Philadelphia. ACROSS CHINA ON FOOT. Life in the In- terior and the Reform Movement. By DOWN NORTH ON THE LABRADOR. By Wil- Edwin J. Dingle. Illustrated, 8vo, 445 fred T. Grenfell. Illus!rated, 12mo, pp. $3.50, net. Henry Holt & Co., 229 pp. $1.00, net. Flemmg H. Revell New York, 1911. Co., New York, 1911. Literary Note TEMPTATION. What It Is, and How to Meet It. By Philip E. How!ird. 16mo, The Authorized Biography of the late 92 pp. Sunday-school TImes Co., Dr. Arthur T. Pierson is being written Philadelphia, 1911. by his son, for twenty years co-editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. THE YOUNGEST KING. A Story of the The biography is to be published as Magi. By Robert Hamill Nassau. early as possible in 1912 by The Baker Frontispiece, 16mo, 95 pp. 50 cents, & Taylor Co. of New York, and by net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- James Nisbet & Co. of London. It will tion, Philadelphia, 1911. be based on the many private sources of information at the disposal of the family, HUDSON TAYLOR IN EARLY YEARS,. The including personal letters, diaries, pub- Growth of a Soul. By Dr. and Mrs. lished articles and unpublished manu- Howard Taylor. Illustrated, 8vo. scripts. It will include an intimate pic- $2.00, postpaid. George H. Doran Co., ture of Dr. Pierson's early life and New York, 1911. training, his world-wide work for mis- sions, the controversy connected with THE BROKEN WALL. Stories of. the his immersion and ministry of Spur- Mingling Folk. By Edward A. Stemer. geon's Tabernacle, London, and his con- Illustrated, 12mo, 219 pp. $1.00, net. nection with some of the great men and Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, movements of the past fifty years. 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1911 Index

8liss{onary '1?.ev{ew

of the World VOL. XXIV. NEW SERIES VOL. XXXIV. OLD SERIES JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1911 LATE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF REV. ARTHUR T.· PIERSON, D.D.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS REV. ]. T. GRACEY, D.D. REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

J. REv. STUART HOLDEN REV. LoUIS MEYER MANAGING EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK LONDON 19I I

BY FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Printed in the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the M,SSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of 21 volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages) INDEX FOR 1911 MAPS AND DIAGRAMS PAGE PAGE Lepers of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 321 North Africa and the War in Tripoli ….•… 924 China and the Revolution ………………. 925 Organization of a Men's Missionary Commit- Church-membership in North America …….. 382 How to Organize the Men for Missions …… 925 tee ………………………..•.•..• 925 Voman's Missionary Campaign …………. 407 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGl3: Africa, East, Gikuyu Family in British ….. " 445 Blantyre Church-Built by Native Labor in – North. Bedouin Girls of. …………….. 416 Nyasaland ..•….•..•…………….. 250 – – Lady Missionary Reading to Arab – Nyasaland, Henry Henderson Institute at. 251 Women •••……………………… 423 Bombay, Moharram Procession in ………. 909 – – Roman Catholic Cathedral on B)"l"sa Hill, Carthage, Remains of Basilica at, Where Cyp- at Carthage •…………………….. 418 rian Preached and Martyrs Were Buried 419 – South, Zulu Girl of. ………………… 429 Cavour, Camillo Benso, Conte di ………..• 592 – – Zulu Princess at lnanda Seminary …… 427 Chapel of the Kucheng Asylum, South China 338 African Boy, Missionary Winning au …….. 198 China, American Methodist Mission Hospital, – Village Scene at the Exposition ……….. 197 Alaska Gold Fields, ?vliners Camping Out on Chentu, Szchuan …………………. 721 – Chapel in Teng Chow ..•…………….• 829 the Way to ………••……………. 491 – Four Miao Maidens in West. …………. 680 – One Method of Missionary Touring in… 496 – Girls in the Church Missionary Society- – Presbyterian Church and Manse at Cordova 495 . – Sitka, the Capital of ………………… 497 school in Shanghai ……………….. 101 – Town of Cordova, When Two Years Old.. 494 – Martyr's Memorial in Pao Ting Fn ……. 837 – View of Fort '" rangel, Taken from Mt. – Martyr's Tree •……………………. 836 – One of the Miao Chapels in We'!. ……. 681 Dewey ………………………….. 499 – "Philip," a Christian Miao Bridegroom, and American Indian Life at the Exposition …… 197 Anderson, W. H. P., Superintendent of the his Miao Bride ……….•…………. 679 – Rev. W. Temberth and Miao Trampers at Chandkuri Asylum .•••.••………….. 332 Anesthetic Leprosy, Sabathu, near Simla, In- the Mission House ……………….• 678 – Some Miao Who Came to the Mission House dia, Mute Appeal: Bad Cases of. …….. 327 Armenia, Missionary Visiting a Kurd at Home 737 at Chaotung •…..•………………. 677 Assiut College, Lecture-room in the Scientific Chinese Bible-class Supper …………….. 100 – Children of Christian Parents………… 95 Department ……………………… 288 – Christian Women, Group of………….. 98 – Training College, Group of Professors and – Christians at the Grave of Dr. C. W. IJa- Teachers at the ……..•………….. 289 teer •••..••••…….••………..•…. 831 – – – N e w Buildings of the ………….. 287 – Miao Christians .•…………………• 682 Baptist Mission College at Ongole, India ….. 105 – Picture of the Broad and Narrow Way. . . . 81 – – Sunday-school, Ongole, South India …. 107 – Street, Looking Down a …………….. 97 Bedouin Girls of North Africa …..•…….. 416 – Widow to Commit Suicide, Lady Mission- -Tents near Tunis, North Africa ……… 415 Bengali Translation of the Koran………. 915 ary Frustrating an Attempt of………. 93 Bible, Two Pages from Dr. Pierson's Inter- Church Missionary Society-school in Shanghai, leaved. Wide-margin ….•…•.•..•….• 584 Girls in the .•……………………. 10 1 Binghamton, New York, Church at. ……… 572 – of Lepers at the Main Asylum, Allahabad, India …………………………… 333 PAGE PAGE Clough, John E ……………………… 102 KUI'dish Christian 743 – Traveling Around the Station ………… 110 Continuation Committee at Auckland Castle •• 648 Kurds, A Demonstration of Loyalty……… 735 Delhi, Arabic Koran Inscription on the Kureb Lao Christian Girl. …. _………………. 356 Minar, near …………………….. 915 – Four Thousand Indian }Ioslems at Prayer – People Born in China ……………•… 355 in the Juma Mesjid ………………. 911 Leper Dormitory, Jerusalem ……………. 335 Detroit, Fort Street Presbyterian Church …. 577 Eddy, Sherwood •.•…………………..• 835 Lepers, Malaysia …………….. 337 Emanuele II, Vittorio ……………….•• 592 Eskimo Mission SchoolgirL …………••.•• 493 London, Christ Church …… _. . . . . . . . . . . •• 588 Filipino, Protestant ………………….. 35 – Self.supporting Preacher ..•…………. 35 – Exposition ……………………….. 195 Garibaldi, General G…………………… 593 Green, Rev. C. H ……………………… 83j Luce, Henry ……………………….. 835 Harpoot, Dersim Kurds ……………….. 741 Hepburn, James Curtis ………………. 881 Manchuria, In a Plague HospitaL ………. 604 – Mrs. James C ……………………… 890 Home·mission Center in Oregon …………. 501 – First Chinese Presbyterian Synod…….. 721 – – Church in the West ………………. 504 – Missionary, Veteran, Louis Thompson ….. 505 – Pile of Plague Victims ……………… 607 -Ikoko Chief and his Wife ………………. 425 Iloilo Hospital ………………………. 38 Market Day in Keng Tung …•…………• 351 -Jaro Chapel ……………………… 1 – Church Officers ……………………. 39 Mateer, Calvin W …………………….. 801 – Kabatuan School ………………….. 35 India, Baptist College, Ongole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 – Dr. and Revision Committee ………….. 825; – Center of Shiah Islam in …………… 913 – Crowd of Worshipers ….•………….. 842 ",lazzini, Giuseppe ……………………. 593 – Dr. Clough ……………………….. 110 – Missionary Conference, Lucknow……… 241 Mbanze Manteke, Baptism at. …………… 431 – South, Sunday·school, G·ngole ………… 107 – Temple Court at Pandharpur. ………… 841 McAuley Building, Second . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 – Travel in ..•…•………………….. 267 – Vithobu Tower, Pandharpnr ………… 843 – Mission, Meeting-room ……………… 435 Indianapolis, Second Presbyterian Church …. 573 Inmates of the Kuchang Leper Asylum …… 339 –Old •……….•.. ……….. 433 Italy, National Monument, Rome ……….. 595 Japan, In Old .•….••••••.••…….•…… 891 :lfetropolitan Tabernacle, London………… 587 – Sunday·school in the Slums •…..••……. 665 – Temple Where Dr. Hepburn First Lived in 889 Mexican Plateau, Adobe Hut on the ……… 179- – Ward in the Naval Hospital at Kobe …. 89'5 Japanese Apothecaries, Old Time Native … 899 Mexico, Booths for Selling Sacred Candles… 181 – Beggar ……..•…………………. , 892 – Doctor of the Old School ………….. 894 – Subterranean Temple …..•………•… 180 – Doctors and Nurses in the Hospital at – Primitive Methods in Old …………… 178 Zentsuji ……………•………….. 898 – Exposition in London ….•.•.•••••..•… 196 Miao Chapels in West China .•…………. 681 Jaro Boys' Industrial School……………. 39 Jewish Missionary Conference, Stockholm . . . . 655 – Maidens in West China……………… 68(} Kalopothakes, Dr. M. D ………………. 815 Kongo Bride ….•…………………… 430 – Who Came to the Mission House……… 677 – Free State, Baptism ……………….. 431 – – – I k o k o Cbief and Wife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Missionary Pageant ………………….. 411 -Upper, Ngombe '.oman ………….. '" 429 Koran, Bengali Trans1ation of the ………. 915 Montgomery, Helen Barrett ………… 401, 409- Korea, Gate of Seoul …………………. 183 _ Market Day in Peng yang ………….•• 274 Moslem Conference at Lucknow ………… 241 – View of Seonl ……………………. 161 – Wayside Idols in …………………••• 185 .l1os1ems, Four Thousand Indian, at Prayer Korean Boy and Man…………………. 184 – Village, Chai Ryung ………………••• 269 in the Juma Ylesjid, Delhi ………… 911 – – Street …………………………• 187 – Woman's Hat …………………..•.. 271 Mott, John R……………………….. 641 -Women …………………………•. 273 Kurd at Home, Missionary Visiting a ……•. 737 Mukden Plague "Contacts" at Quarantine ..•. 605 – Offering Hospitality ……………….. 736 New York, New Water Street Mission ……. 437 Nyasaland, London Church …………….. 258 – Chetamba Mission Station……………. 254 – Boarding·school Girls ………………. 254 – Open·air Evangelistic Meeting ………•• 246 – Schoolhouse and Pupils …………….. 249 – St. Andrew's Church, Msondole, Domasi •• 257 Ongole, Baptist Mission College…………. 105 – South India, Baptist Sunday·school. ……• 107 Oregon, Oldest Presbyterian Church……… 504 –Scotch Family and Their Pastor ……..• 502 – Stage Coach at Pilot Rock Hotel……… 503 – Town of Pilot Rock ……………•..••• 501 Paraguay Banner ……………………. 811 – Caingwa Indian ………. _…..•••••••• 807 – Indian God ………………………. 813 – Indians, Gourd Rattles ……………… 811 Paraguayan Forest Indian ……………•• 809 Payne, Jobn Howard, Tomb of. .•……….. 417 Peabody, Mrs. H. W. . ….•.•…•…..•••• 409 Pfander's "Mizan·ul·hak," First Page ……• 749 Philadelphia, Bethany Presbyterian Church .. 574 Philippine Islands, Baptist Association……. 39 – – Candidates on Their Way to Baptism… 1 – – Evangelical Work……………….. 39 – – Ministry of Healing………………. 38 – – Progress of Education…………….. 35 – – Union Hospital .••••…•……….••• 38 Philippines, Bible-class Group .•………•••• 519 – Church in Cebu …………………… 518 – Growing Church •••………………•. 1 – Home in Cebu ….•……………….. 517

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Piersou, Arthur Tappan …………….. 481 Sham Fung Lau, Chinese Leper Catechist ..• 34(} Sunday·school in the Slums, Kobe, Japan •••• 665- – – and his Wife ………………….. 567 Teng Chow, China, Chapel in ……….••.• 829- Thompson, Rev. Louis ………………..• 505- – – and Mrs., and Their Children …….. 568 Tung Kun Leper Asylum, Near Canton, China 341 Turkey, Dersim Kurds ………………..• 741 – – Drawings by Dr………….. 569 – Ferryboat of the Upper Euphrates …….. 739- Untainted Children of Lepers………….. 334 – – Portraits of …………………… 561 Warneck, Gustav ……………………•• 204 Water Street Mission, New ……………• 437 Piersou's Dr., Good Story …………….. 589 Waterford, New York, Church at. ………. 572 Widow of Pastor Hsi ….•…………..•. 99 – Parents, Dr••…•…•………………. 571 Woman's Missionary Jubilee Speakers ……• 401 Young Men's Christiau Association, Seoul. .. 270 Pioneers in the West, Typical Family…….. 502 Young, S. Hall ….•……………….••• 493 Zulu Princess at lnanda Seminary ……….. 427 Plague Suspect, Examining a… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 606 – Woman Vitch Doctor ……………… 426 Pollard, Mr., and Two 1'<11ao Christians…… 682 Presbyterian Church Building in Oregon….. 504 Presbytery Missionary Committee in Neyark 923 Roman Catholic Cathedral, North Ahica ….. 418 Rome, Waldensian Church in ………….• 596 Sandhu, a Christian Leper …………….. 329 Seoul, Central Presbyterian Church ………. 271 – Korea, Young Men's Christian Association 270 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ALEXANDER, J. R. ……………………. 290 HAROI.D, FRANK W ……………………. 194 BALDWIN, MRS. STEPHEN ………………. 121 BATSTONE, W. H……………………… 609 HARRIS, M. c………………………… 18S BEACH, HARLAN P…………………….. 690 BLISS, EDWIN MUNSELL………………… 18 HIGGINS, FRANK E ……………………. 292 BOEGNER, A •••••••……………….•….. 199 HOLT, W. S …………………….•…… SOl} BOND, EFFIE MURIEL …•……………… 524 HoPE, JOSEPHINE B ….•………..•…….• 445- BOSTICK, WADE E. and ABBIE T …•…•….. 449 HULBERT, HOMER B •………………….. 507 BOSWORTH, SARAH M ………………….. 447 HUNT, R. J …••……………………..• 527 BRACQ, JEAN C ..•..•………………….. 615 JACKSON, JOHN .••…………………..•• 327' BRAIN, BELLE M……………………… 45 JANSEN, EDiTH WHITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 BREWSTER, WILLIAM N…………………. 87 JOHNSON, CAMERON ………..•…………. 366 BRIGGS, CHARLES W ………………… 33, 513 JOHNSTON, JAMES •••.•…•..•.•………..• 28 BROOKS, JESSE W …………………….. 815 JOWETT, JOHN HENRy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583 BURTON, HENRY •.•…………………..• 523 KEMP, E. G…••…….•….•…………• 275- BUTLER, JOHN W …………………….. 345 KENNEDY, P. B. …………………….. 850 CAPEN, EDWARD WARREN ……………….. 670 KYRIAS, SEVASTI D ……………………. 851 CAPEN, SAMUEL B …………………….. 371 LA TROBE, B •….••..•…………….•••.. 52!} CARSON, JOHN F ……………………… 590 LEONARD, DELAVAN L …………….. 8, 574, 821 CHING.YE, CHENG •.•..•…..•………….. 775 LOOMIS, HENRY …………..•………… 665- COCHRAN, JEAN CARTER………………… 91 LoNG. JOSEPH M ..•…..•……………… 754 COOPER, CLAYTON SEDGWICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 191 MABIE, HENRY C • • • • • • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . 103 DAKO, KRISTO A……………………… 849 MACGILLIVRAY, DONALD ……..•……….. 756 DE COMP, ALICE GILES ………………•.• 841 MCCONOUGHY, DAVID ………………… 92:; DODD, W. CLIFTON ..•..•…………•…•• 351 McGILVARY, DANIEL …..•….•………… 217 DUBOIS, W. E. BURGHARDT . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . 460 MANSELL, HENRY …………………….. 259 DUNLOP, EUGENE P .••..•…..•……….•.• 357 MEYER, F. B. …..•..••……………..•• 586 DURBAN, WILLIAM ….•………….•..•.. 50 MEYER, LOUIS ……… 214, 613, 654, 770, 855,901 EDDY, SHERWOOD •….•••••…•……….•• 834 MONTGOMERY, HELEN BARRETT …..•…•••• 407 ELLIS, WILLIAM T. . .••••……•……….. 456 MOODY, WILLIAM R …………….•…•..• 58S ELMORE, W. T……………………….. 442 NICHOLS, ALICE J ..•.•…………….••••• 814 ERDMAN, WILLIAM J …………………… 575 O'NEILL, F. W. S ………………. … 118,603 FARIS, JOHN T ……………………….. 825 PATON, FRANK H. L ……………….•.•.• 686 FRASER, DONALD •.•….••.••….•.•••••••.• 246 PEEKE, H. V. S………………………. 660 FRASER, ELISHA A ..••.••……………… 577 PHRANER, WILSON ……………………• 571 GILES, ALICE L ….•………….•……..• 841 PIERSON, ANNA W ………………….••• 269 GLEASON, GEORGE L …………………… 512 PIERSON, ARTHUR T …………. 3, Ill, 183, 579- GRIFFIS, WM. ELLIOT…………………. 889 PIERSON, DELAVAN L ………….. 433, 487, 567 HALFORD, E. W ………………………. 751 POLLARD, S. •.••.•.•••……………….• 676 HARFORD, CHARLES F………………….. 768 RAY, G. W .•.•..•..•…………………. 807 REYNOLDS, MINNIE J………………….. 597 RICHTER, JULIUS ……………………. 7, 204

PAGE PAGE RIGGS, CHARLES T…………………….. 363 TARANGER, ANTON ……..•..•…..•..••••• 124 RIGGS, HENRY H ••…•.••.••.••….•……• 734 TROWBRIDGE, STEPHEN VAz.l RENSSELAER …•• 279 RITZMAN, M. E .••…………………… 93, 425 TROYER, L. E ••••••…•••.•••.••……..••• 209 Ross, JOHN ..•………………….•….• 832 TSAO, Y. S. . ……………………….• 919 ROSTAN, FRANcESCO ….•…•……..•…… 592 TSILKA, G. M. ……..•……………….• 849 RUTHERFORD, JOHN •………..•…..•….. 415 UNDERWOOD, LILLIAN H ……………….. 695 SCOTT, CHARLES ERNEST …..•………….. 125 UPSON, ARTHUR T ••••••……..•…..•….• 744 SHEDD, WILLIAM A ••……….••………. 727 WANG, CHENG TING T ..•..•.••……..•..•• 451 SMITH, ARTHUR H……………………. 129 WATSON, CHARLES R •••..•…•.•…….. 281, 647 SMITH, THOMAS •••.••…..•••……•…… 673 WHERRY, E. M .•…………………….• 262 SPEER, ROBERT E ••.•••…….•..•..•… 167, 579 WINTER, NEYIN 0 …………………….. 178 STEAD, BLANCHE W,LSON …•…………… 128 YOUNG, S. HALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 STEWART, J. …………………………. 683 ZWEMER, SAMUEL M ………….. 285, 747, 909 SUBJECTS~ PAGE PAGE Abyssinia, Once a Missionary in………… , 464 Africa, South, After Thirty·six Years in …. 633 – Slave·raiding in ……………………. 483 – – and the Missionary Problem. B. La Address to a Young Missionary. (a) John Ross 832 Afghanistan, Cruelties Practised in …….. 946 Trobe •.•…•.••…………………. 520 AFRICA, Idols destroyed in ……………. 788 – – Boer Missionary Institute………….. 789 – Deadly Curse of Rum in…………….. 396 –Church Statistics in …………… ,…. 556 – Events in 1910 •••..•..•.•……..•..••• 9 –Color Line in……………………. 555 – Five Kings at Missionary lfeeting ……. 955 – – Huguenot Missions in …………….. 151 – French Dominion in ………………… 872 – – Moslem Menace in ………………. 886 – Good News from …………………… 470 – – Political Union and Christian Union in. 397 – Gospel in …………………………. 464 – – Student Conference ………………. 468 – Growth of Methodist Work in ………… 872 – – What One School Is D01llg in.. . . . . . .• 555 – Improved Conditions on the Gold Coast. .. 710 – West-Basle Society ………………… 554 – Is Britain a Hindrance in……………. 74 – – Bible Conference in………………. 465 – Lepers in German East………………. 632 – – Call of •.•••..••………………… 74 – LeDrosv in …•.•….•……………… 340 – -:- Christ and Mohammed ill…………. 325 – Mission, Methodist North ……………. 306 – – Confirmations and Baptisms in ……… 633 – – West-Embarrassment of Success …… 307 — – Islam in ……………………….. 632 – Missionary Romance in……………… 398 – – Large Congregation ……………… 151 – Mohammedan Menace in ……………. 555 – – Natives in the Bible Conference …….. 873 – More Revivals in Livingstonia………… 81 – – Thriving Church Missionary Society Mis· – Mos;em Tolerance in ………………… 465 – New Stations in North ………………. 710 sion in ………………………….. 464 – Nuggets from ……………………… 612 . f dcan Tribe, Awakening of an……… 954 – Portuguese Slavery Doomed in ……….. 566 – Christians in a Union Conference ……… 397 – Progress in German East. ……………. 555 – Churches Do Not Unite, Why South …… 397 – Spanish Meddling with Mission Schools … 873 – Fields-What Medical Missions Can Do … 310 – Training "for Zulu Preachers in ……….. 237 – King, Model ………………………. 633 – – School in German Southwest……….. 309 – King Turned Missionary………… . . . … 396 – Traveling Evangelist in……………… 236 – Mission to Africa………………….. 62 – East. Growth in Portuguese………….. 470 – Missions, Theodore Roosevelt's View of… 55 – -Methodists Work in ………………. 397 – Native ..•…………………………. 554 – – Story of-Wanoro. Josephine B. Hope. 445 – Prince, Noble Deed of an ……………. 307 – North, Dr. Mott Addressing Students ….. 464 – Railroad, New …………………….. 237 – – from a Missionary Point of View (a) – Saints, Tithing among ………………. 710 – Statistics …………………………. 150 John Rutherfurd …………………. 415 – Tribe, Conversion of an…………….. 401 – – Methodist Work among Moslems in …. 553 – Tuskegee …………………………. 396 – South, Advance in ………………… 885 Africans and the "Baby·Organ……………. .198 – Prefer Islam, Why…………………. 395 * (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length. All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the month when any given article appeared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the + unit so obtained. For example: page 548, -;- 80 := 6, 1 = 7 (July).

I9Il

PAGE PAGE ALASKA, Missionary Situation in (a) S. Benefit Fund for Missionaries ..•.•.•….. 942 Hall young ..••••………………..• 491 Berlin Mission-What Medical Missions Can – Politics and Missions in ……………… 226 Do .•….••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••. 310 ALBANIA, Evangelistic Work in. Sevasti D. – Missionary Society-New Station in Trans- Kyrias ..•••••• •• • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 851 vaal …………………………… . 310 – Political Condition in. G. M. Tsilka .•….. 849 Bernardo's Work for Children …………. . 793 -Progress in ………………………. 565 Bible 1611-1911, English ………………. . 224 _ Trouble in .•• , ••.••…………..•….. 164 – and the Greeks .•…………………… 725 Albani?ns, Religions of the. P. B. Kennedy .. 850 – Conference, Natives in the, West Africa .. . 873 _ Sad Case of the ..•••……………….. 782 – Did for Them, What the ……………. . 626 – The. Krista A. Dako ……………….. 849 – Distribution in Germany …………….. . 387 Alexander, President, Resigns in Egypt …… 235 – Greece and the ……………………. . 388 Amazon Atrocities '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 943 – in Many Tongues ………………….. . 473 AMERICA, Chinese in ………………… 83 -!n the Schools of Queensland ……….. . 888 _ Chinese Students in ••………………. 384 -111 Tur~ey •••…….•…..•…………. 783 _ Christian Work of Chinese in (b) M r s . " – – Open, 111 Italy …………•..•…..•….. 314 Stephen Baldwin ••……….•……… 121 – Remarkable Circulation of the Scriptures in – Jewish Immigrants in (a) Louis Meyer. … 901 Nyasaland ………….•………•..•• 152 L . 342 – Roman Catholics Want the ……….•….. 227 – eprosy 111 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• _ School in West China •…•………..•.• 704 – Missions to Africans in……………… 383 _ Sir Robert Hart on the ……………•… 621 – Regulation of Immigration ……………. 315841 _ Societies in China, Part Played by•…•… Americans in Church and Out…………… 705 Anglican and Free Church Cooperation …… 312 S' Y fh – aClety, ear 0 t e ..•…………..•..• 152 Anniversaries, Historical Facts for Missionary – Study am·mg Oriental Students, Progress (a) Belle M. Brain………………… 45 of (b) Clayton Sedgwick Cooper •.•.•… 191 Anti-gambling Movement in China . . . . . • . . . . . 71 -in Korea, Zeal for •…••…••••••…….• 630 – Tercentenary Celebration •••…••••••…. 472 ARABIA, Danish Church and…………… 68 – Work for the Foreign-Born …..•…..••• 862 – Good. Work in a Hard Field ………….. 149 Bibles at the Coronation ………………. . 793 – School Project for …………………. 475 – Annual Output of ……………….. .. 956 Arctic Lands, Perils in …..•….••.••.•..• 385 _ Gideons and ..•…••••…….•.••… 383, 540 Arthington's Gifts Finally Available . . . . . . . . . 227 Blind in India …..••••.•….••…•••..•.•• 147 Asia Awakening •.•..••••…•.•••.••••••••• 721 _ Missionary Literature in Brai11e Type ..••• 793 – Become Christian? WilL •……………. 380 _ Work for the Chinese ………………. . 549 – Editor's Letters from (b) Arthur T. Pier· Boer Mission, Great Success of a ……….. 874 son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 111 – Missionary Institute ………………… 789 – Leprosy in •••…..•…….•.••……… 331 – Strange Phenomenon in Eastern………. 73 – – Training School •.•……….•••.••.. 634 Asiatics, How to Persuade, to Accept the Gas· Bohemia, Awakening in………………… 714 pel (a) Eugene P. Dunlop ..•.••..•…. 357 Assiut Training College, Egypt (b) Samuel M. Bolivia, Radical Changes in…………….. 222 Zwemer .••…..••••••••••••••••..•••• 285 BOOKS (new) …. 77, 157, 239, 319, 399,479, 558 637, 717, 799, 877, 960 – Advance in the Antilles. H. B. Grose….. 79 AUSTRALIA, Numbering the Aborigines of. 536 – Against the Current. Edward A. Steiner •• 319 Australian Student Volunteers………….. 86 – Ament, William Scott. H. D. Porter ..•• 957 Austria, Away from Rome in ..•..•••••..••• 474 – American Bride in Porto Rico. Marion Austrian Baptists ….•….••..•••.••….•. 864 Blythe ………………………….. 879 Awakening in Chinese Villages………….. 71 – Among the Tribes in Southwest China.

Bahaism and Its Claims (a) William A. Shedd 727 Samuel F. Clarke ……………… _… 717 Balkans, Qerman Mission in the …•..••.•.. 314 – Apricot of "Heaven Below." Kingston Bangalore, India, Union College at. …•….. 231 de Gruche •••…••••••…….••••.••.• 720 Baptist Missionary Society……………… 542 – Aspects of Islam. Duncan B. MacDonald .. 639 – Reformation in Russia, A Great……….. 622 – Baptists Mobilized for Missions. A. L.

– Society, Southern ….•••••.••.•••.•..•.• 635 Vail …………………….•…..••• 960 – – – Good Year for Missions………… 538 – Best Things in America. K. R. Crowell … 879 – World Alliance ..•…..•…•..•..•••…• 471 – Blue Stocking in India. Winifred Heston. 79 Baptists and Free Baptists, Union of …… . 941 – Book Above Every Book ..••…••….••.. 399 – – – – Uniting ………………… .. 63 – Boy from Hollow Hut. Isla May Mullins. 878 Basle Missionary Society-Missions Made – Call of the New Era. Wm. Muir ••••••..• 399 Visible ..•..•…•••..•••••..•••••.•••• 313 – Children of Africa. James B. Baird ••••.• 80 – Society-Gifts of the Negro .•••••..••••.• 307 – Children of Arabia. John C. young .••••• 80 – – i n West Africa …••..••.•…•.••..•.. 554 – Children of Egypt. L. Crowther .•…•••• 718 Basutoland, Changes in ……•………….• 886 – Children of Jamaica. Isabel C. Maclean ..• 399 Basutos, Evangelizing the••…••.•..•.••.••• 466 – Children of Japan. Janet H. Kelman .•… 399 Bechuanaland-Fruit of a Century ……… .. 468 – China Mission Year Book. Donald Mac- Bedouin, Baptism of a .••……•..••••…•• 395 Gillivray, Editor ….••• _.•••.•••..• 159, 877 Beginning and Continuing .•…•..•••••.•.•. 698 – Chinese Appeal to Christendom Concerning Belgium, Missionary Church in ………… . 944 Christian Missions. Lin Shao-yang…… 637

PAGE PAGE Books. Christian Faith and the New Psy- Books. Salvation, in Hinduism and Chris- chology. D. A. Murray ………….•.. 958 tianity. WlIheim Dilger……………. 78 – Christian Missions in Burma. W. C. B. – S~haff-Herzog Encyclopedia "f Religious Purser . _•..••.••• :. • • • • • . • • . . . . . • • . • .• 877 Knowledge. Samuel McAuley Jackson … 479 – Christian Movement in Japan. D. C. Greene – Signs of the Times. 1. M. Haldeman ….. 559 and G. M. Fisher…………………. 80 – Sketches from the Karen Hills. Alonzo – Christianity and Non-Christian Religions Bunker ..•…… _.•.••..•.•……….• 319 Compared. Edward A. Marshall…….. 78 – Southern Baptist Foreign Missions. T. B.

– Christian's Present Duty. Charles C. Cook. 879 Ray ……….•……..•………….. 400 ~ Strange Siberia Along the Trans-Siberian – Church in Great Britain. G. R. Wynne. 959 Railway. M. L. Taft. ……………. 959 – Church of Christ in Korea. Malcolm C. – Studies in the Evangelization of South Af· Fenwick .•…•.••.•..•………..•…. 878 rica. G. B. Gerdener……………… 638 – Conservation of National Ideals. B. D. — Talks on David Livingstone and R. W. Wells ………………………….. 959 = m Lunt …………………………… 879 – Dave Ranney ……..•••..•……..•..•• 319 – Task Worth While. Henry C. Mabie ….. 157 – Down to the Sea. Wilfred T. Grenfell… 320 f~rc~f~~r~aSo~~~ I~i::~de l}i~{l. .~~t.t~: :: – Duty to Indian Illiterates. J. Knowles .•.. 559 – Efficient Layman. H. F. Cope ………… 958 – Unique Message and Universal Mission of Christianity. James F. Love ………… 239 – Ellinwood, Frank Field. M. G. Ellinwood 957 – Unknown People in an Unknown Land. – E~~~~~Wils~~ ?~~~s~~~~~~: .• ~~~'.. ~.s~~~: 158 W. Botrbrooke Grubb ……………… 319 – Foreign Doctor. G. P. Cochran) Robt. E. – Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia. S. M. Zwemer ……………… 638 Speer ………………………….. 957 – From Hausaland to Egypt. Karl W. Kumm. 479 – 'al and His Friends. A. GiI.erne …….. 959 – From Japan to Jerusalem. E: Graham – Victory of the Gospel. J. P. Lilley ……. 157 – Who's Who in Missions. Belle M. Brain .. 160 Ingham …………………………. 480 – W~llsW~ ..~~I.i~~~ ..t~:.. ~i~~~…. ~~~:.. ~: 399 – Fruits of the Tree. W. J. Bryan ……. 958 – Fundamentals . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 879 – Winners of the World. Mary and William – Future of Africa. Donald Fraser……… 877 Gardner ………………………. … 78 – George A. Selwyn. F. W. Boreham ……. 878 – Girl in her Teens. Margaret Slattery….. 400 – With Christ in Russia. Robert S. Lati- – God's Full-orbed Gospel. Archibald G. mer …………………………. 559, 639 Brown ………………………….. 560 – World- Atlas of Christian Missions. James – God's Plan for the World's Redemption. S. Dennis, Harlan P. Beach, Charles H. Fahs, Editors ……………………. 799 Charles R. Watson ………………… 639 – Gospel Work in Modern Life. Robert – World Missionary Conference, Report of the …………………………….. 77 Whitaker …….•.••…………….•• 79 – Growth of the Missionary Concept. Sam- – World Missions from the Home Base. Jos· e),'h E. McAfee ……….•…………. 879 uel F. Goucher…………………… 799 – Half a Century in China. Arthur Evans Booth s Secret, General………………… 796 Borneo, West-A Field for Protestants …… 536 Moule ………..•……………..••• 558 Boston, Seeing the World in (b) Frank W.

– Helen E. Moses. Jasper T. Moses ……. 400 Harold ••••……………………… 194 – History of the Syrian Nation and the Old -World in ………………………. 61,405 Boxer Massacres in China, In the Wake of Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East. George D. Malich •.•………………. 877 the. Sherwood Eddy………………. 834 – Islam in China. Marshall Broomhall …… 159 Britain, Islam in •…………………….. 226 British Missions, The Contributions of; To – Jaws of Death. E. J. Houston ……….. 878 Philology, Bible Translation and Native – john. The Unafraid ………………•• 159 Literature (b) James Johnston………. 28 – ~cll'~·. ~~t~~:~. :·~~t.e~..:~~~~. ~~~..~~~~: 320' Brotherhood of the Imitation of Jesus '.' . . . .. 147 Buddha, Japanese Philosopher against……. 702 – Kali's Conntry. Emily T. Sheets ……..• 717 Buddhism Decreasing in Japan …………. 951 – Land of the White Helmet. Edgar Allen – in Europe ……………………….. 314 Buddhist Priests also Astir, British ………• 871 Forbes ..•……•….•……………. 158 – Lepers. John Jackson ………………. 239 – Priest, Baptism of a………………… 788 – Life in the Orient. K. H. Basmajian….. 239 Buddhists Active in Korea …………….. 953 – Light of the World. Robert E. Speer ….. 717 – Alarmed …………………………. 867 – Men of Mark in Modern Missions. H. B. Bulgaria Awakening …………………. 884 – Nuggets from …………………….. 612 Grose ….•….. ,………………… 78 – Men's National Missionary Congress, Chi- BURMA, Harvest from Judson's Sowing…. 868 . -in 1910 ………………………….. 13 cago ……………………………. 7R – Missionary Work of Native Churches in. – Mexico and Our Mission. J. G. Dale …. 958 Sumner R. Vinton ………'..•…••… 933 c. – Miss 318. Rupert Hughes…………..•. 878 Burman Bible, Judson's, Completion of…… 50 Burma's Oldest Theological School………. 549 – Missionary Heroes in Africa. J. Lambert 399 Business Men as Missionaries (Editorial)…. 58 – Missionary Heroes in Oceania. John C. Cairo, Christian University in .••..•••••.•… 709 – Girls' College at……………………. 236 Lambert .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 240 – Outlook in …………………..•.•… 954 California, Orientals Crowding into………. 792 – :!fissionary Heroes of the Lutheran Church. L. B. Wolf ……………………… 959 Call, The Missionary (Poem). George L. Gleason …………………………. 512 – Missionary Ideals. T. Walker ………… 878 – Missions and Modern Thought. Wm. O. CANADA, Emigration of Negroes to .••….. 472 – Slavic Invasion of………………….. 312 Carver ………………………….. 479 Canadian Baptists, Affiliation of…………. 385 Carnegie Gives a Million for Japan. . . . . . . . .. 552 – Modern Missionary Challenge. J. P. Jones. 157 Caroline Islands, Uprising in the………… 316 – Moslem World. Samuel M. Zwemer …… 158 – Nederland en de Islam. C. Snotlch Hur- Caste System Giving Way in India ……….. 623 Catch-My-Pal Movement …•…………… 543 gronje ………………………….. 718 – On Trail and Rapid by Dog Sled and Catholic Missions, Protestant "s…………. 545 Cel'traI America, Neglected …………… 942 Canoe. H. A. Cody ……………….. 719 – Past and Prospective Extension of the Gos- CEYLON, Christian Union in ••••.•••…… 147 – Encouraging Work in ..•..•.•..••••…… 324 pel by Missions to the Heathen. Anthony – Government Aid for Mission Schools in… 624 Grant …………………………… 239 -in 1910 ………………………….. 13 – Paton, Tohn G. (D.D.) A. K. Langridge .. 639 – Peace Scout. Irene H. Barnes ……. _. .. 560 Chalmers, James, Sailed for the South Seas.. 45 Ch'eng Cning-yi, Fruitful Seed-Sowing in – Pilgrim Sons. Henry W. Frost………. 400 – Prayer Before the Lesson. Philip E. How- China. Sarah M. Bosworth •••••…….. 448 ard …………………………….. 720 – Real Religion. Howard A. Bridgman….. 240 – Recruiting for Christ. John Timothy Stone. 79 – Report of a Second Visit to China, Japan, and Korea in 1909. Arthur J. Brown … 399 – Rescue Magazine ………………….. 718

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Chicago a Catholic Center………………. 384 China. Union in School Work in………. 627 – Friends of the Stranger in …………… 224 – Union Revival Effort in Suchou ..•……. 232 – Japanese Mission in ………………… 384 – United Universities Scheme for. Thomas – Persians in ••••••.••••……………… 792 Smith ……••…•……………….. 673 – Turkish Moslems Invading…………… 62 – West, Bible-school in ………………… 704 – Vice Report •••..•….•……….. : ….. 791 – What It Costs to Be a Christian in……. 627 Child luarriage, Curse of………………. 868 – Wide·spread Unrest in………………. 71 CHINA, 1907·1910, Survey of Missions in (a) – Woman's Life in (a-' M. E. Ritzman….. 93 Arthur H. Smith ••••••…………….. 129 – Y. M. C. A. in …………………….. 562 – 1901 and 1911 …………………….. 786 China's Evangelistic Work ……………… 242 – Need, Chinese View of. Cheng Ting T. – Aborigines, Work among West (a) S. Pol· _ N~antabi;'~i'::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 451 lard ……………………………. 676 – Adventure of a Booklet •…………….. 303 – After the Plague in ..•.•…………….. 703 – Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 948 – and Opium ..•..•…•••….'. • . . . . . . . . . •• 626 Chinese and the Comet …………………. 142 – Anti·gambling Movement in………….. 71 – Behave in Meeting, Bow…………….. 628 – Baptism of a Family in……………… 392 – Belidve, What Do the ……………….. 302 – Blin , Work for the………………… 549 – Calvin W. Mateer, a Maker of the New (a) John T. Faris………………… 825 – Caldl'on .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 881 =Ch~r~~y J~io;"'i'r:': m – Christ!an ~ndeavor Moving on in ……… 232 – Celestials Learning to Give………….. 142 :::::::::::: ::::::::: – Christian Church. Cheng Ching·ye …….. 775 – – Stalwart ……………………….. 143 – Compulsory Education in …………….. 551 _ . – Students in North America …………. 225 – Corruption and Reform in ……………. 141 – – Students, Retnrned …….. , ………. 141 — – Teaches Japanese ………………. 226 – Dr. Timothy Richard and Shansi Univer· sity …………………………………… 551 – Church, Future of the ……………….. 232 – Education in, Advancing by Leaps and – Churches Dislike Foreign Rule………… 71 Bounds …………………………. 704 – Convert Who Lives His Religion……… 550 – – of the Women of. Effie Muriel Bond .. 524 – Coolies Converted in Africa ………….. 238 – Evangelistic Band in ..•……………… 392 – Facts about Lien Chou ..•………. ;….. 233 – Currency. New …………………… 950 –Concerning Women in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 – Doctors Did N at Flinch……………… 549 – Famine and Plague in ……-. . . . . . . . . . . .. 241 – Evangelistic Campaign …………….. . 402 – – in. Jean Carter Cochran………….. 91 – – Leaders '" . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – – Scenes in. Wade D. and Abbie T. Bas· – Evangelist's Rel?ort ………………… 143 tick ………•.•……•…………… 449 – Forces of Christian Endeavor ………… 868 _ Fruitful Seed-sowing in. Sarah M. Bos- worth ………….•……………… 447 – George S. Eddy in ………………….. 561 – General Survey of the Year in (a) Donald MacGillvray ……………………… 757 =~~e:~r ~~siM~sdic;lrsf~d~~t~ t~:::::::::::: ~~~ – How the Gospel Entered Haitang……… 869 – i n 1910 …………………………… 15 – In the Wake of the Boxer Massacres in. Sherwood Eddy ….•……………… 834 – Inland Mission, Gains made by the…… 393 ~–to Date •……………………… 64 =fu~v;Y;:; i~f ~~~::: m :::::::::::::::::::: – Islam in …………………………. 141 – M!n~lin![ of Old.and N ~w. . . . . . • . . . . • . • .. 869 – Mllllstenal CandIdates In …………….. 139 – More Coojleration in………………… 481 – Need of Christian Schools in ………….. 233 – Needs Most, What………………….. 72 – New National Anti-Opium Movement in …. 241 == == ffio1H~~;~~ .:::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~H – No Cabinet Yet for…………………. 233 – Evangelists, Umon Training School for … 392 – Farewell to Archdeacon Moule ………•• 393 – Girl's He[lly ………………………. 949 – History, Some Interesting……………. 302 – Hu'!ger .for Knowledge ……………… 143 – In …"'1.merlCa .•••••••……•………..••• 83 – – – Christian Work for (b) Mrs. Stephen Baldwin ………………………… 121 – Indemnity Students ………..•……… 550 – Laymen, Four Specimen……………… 550 – M~di.cal Knowledg!, .. :……………… 870 – MISSIOns, Other SIgns m…………….. 322 – Mohammedans .••………………….. 302 – ~loslems. Number "f. ……………… 948 – Movement Against Opium …………… 882 – Opinions of Missionaries ……………. 549 – Parliament ..••••………..•………•• 141 –New…………………………. 2 – Revolution Spells Progress. (a) Y. S. Tsao 919 – Statistics for 1909………………….. 140 – Students Aroused ………………….. 392 311 — — a'Bsl Peace-makers …………………. 949 Ho!"e … : ……………………. – – ecommg Christians …………….•.. 628 – No Longer Changeless ……………… 476 =- 'iew of China's Need. Cheng Ting T. Vang ………………………….. 451 – Notable Christian Gathering in……….. 7 15 ~ill~fes, A~akening i!1………………. 71 . _ . C. .. Secreta lies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 869 – Nuggets from .•.••••……………….. 61 I – Ob~ervations ,in. . J. Camplwll Vhite. Christian .rmy on the ~larch ………….. 941 919 – Endeavor Abroad ………………….. 310 – OpIum Questwn Ill …………………. 139 – – Convention, Twenty·fifth ..•.•…….•. 383 – Outlook in .••..•………………….. 321 – – Forces of …..•…………………. 868 – – Growth of ………………….•…. 223 – Pagan Temples Falling into Decay …….. 144 – – i n Great Britain …………………. 621 – Part Played by Bible Societies in ……… 705 – – in Japan and Korea ………………. 553 – – Moving ………………………… 712 – Plague and Famine in………………. 403 – – Moving 0'.1 n China ……………… 232 – Woman's Boan! of Missions ••………… 224 – Plague in India and ………………… 548 – Poppy !=ulture Greatly Diminished…….. 628 – PopulatlOn of-Corrected…………….. 786 – Progress in ……………………….. 723 – Progress of Five Years in …………… 392 – Progress Toward Church Union in ….. 949 Church Finding a Better Way to Fulfil Mis· – Public Queue-cutting in……………… 70~ sion to the World (a) David McCo· – Queue·cutting in .•……………… 302, 950 Doughy ………………………… 923 – Recent Revivals in (b) William N. Brew· – How to Get a Missionary……………. 398 ster •••.•.•••.••…………………. 87 – Luxury? Are Missions a …………….. 698 – Influence of the Missionary Interest on a. – Relic of Gld………………………. 869 – Right of Assembly Threatened in ……… 481 Joseph M. Long ………………….. 755 – South, Disorders in .••………………. 402 – Missionary Society, Growth of the …….. 386 CITY MI~SIONSI Chicago Vice Report. … 791 – Some Influential Christian Lavmen in … 949 – – Rescumg Fahen Men……………… 794 – Statistics of the Work of Protestant Mis· sions in, for 1908·1909 ……………… 140 – Stirring Appeal and the Response from…. 627 Calvert, James, Birth of……………….. 45 – Students and Missions in …………….. 551 Cloul'h. nr. John E., The Apostle to the Telugus (a) Henry C. Mabie ……….. 103 – Suppression of Gambling in ………….. 704 – Teaching Science with tf,e Gospel in …… 787 Colombia. Open Doors in .••.•………….. 222

PAGE PAGJ!: Comet, Chinese and the……………….. 142 Editor's Letters from Asia-From Montreal, Canada, to Kobe, Japan (b) Arthur T. Comity, Christian, in Korea ……………. 953 Pierson …………..•..•••.•……••. 3- =W~:ld.th;t;~a;tuS~~dt~r:t·· m – – in the edent ………………….. 305 – – – II. Signs of Progress in Japan (b) Compelling Them to Come in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8456~ Arthur T. Pierson …………………. 111 Conference, Bible, in West Africa……….. " – – – III. First Impressions of Korea (a) – of Forei~n Mission Boards …………… 137 Arthur T. Pierson … _………….•• " 183- : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: EDUCATION, CompUlsory. in China…….• 551 – World, on Faith and Order …………… 137 – in China Advancing by Leaps and Bounds. 704 Conferences, Summer .•……….. : ..•….. 478 – in Turkey ………………………… 164 – Is Doing in India, What Christian ……• 948 Constantinople, Student Conference lll……. 404 – United Universities Scheme for China. Continuation Committee ..••………… 312, 561 Thomas Smith ………… _…….•. " 673- – – of the World Missions Conference (a) Charles R. Watson………………… 647 Educational Work, Gift for Higher………. 540 EGYPT, Assiut Training College (b) Samuel Convention in India, Rousing Christian…… 548 M. Zwemer ……………… _….. '" 285 Conversion of Devil Worshipers .•……….. 786 – Is It a Prophecy of Better Days in ……. '396 – Mission Paper Suspended ..•………..•• 150 Converts by the Hundreds in Uganda …….. 789 Cooper"tion in China, More .. '0' • • • • • • • • • • •• 481 – Modern Signs in……………………. 643 Coptic Church, Egypt, Reform III the …….. 631 – New Mission-boat for the Nile ………… 306 Correction-Statistlcal Tables …………… 318 – President Alexander Resigns in …… _.. " 235 CCoosrtrsecttoionBs~ Some .••••.•••……………. 860 a Christian in China, What It… 627 – Reform in the Coptic Church …… _…… 631 – Unrest in ..•••…..'. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Crampton, Dr. Henry E …. ;.: ……… : … 954 – What a Christian College Is Doing in ..••• 70~ Criticism, Radica!, and ChnstIan 1115810115. Charles T. Riggs………………….. 839 Egyptian Darkness Passing……………… 74 Ellice Islands, How a Tempest Spread the 53i Cuba, Good H~fvest ,n.: ……………….. 155 _ Protestant Mass 541 1U. • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • •• Ellis~Ot~~1 T·..•.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.':::.'::::::.': ,'::.'.'::: 95Z"

Danish Church and Arabia……………… 68 ENGLAND, Islam in-A Correction …….. 246 Daylesford Movement for Spiritual Life. – Mohammedanism in _……………….. 543 Frank H. L. Paton………………… 686 English versus American Missions……….. 472 Deaf in Korea, Ministering to the……….. 703 Euphrates College, Turkey ……………. 67, 149 -DEoAf TtHh~ Leaders Called Home III 1910…… 8 Editor·in-chief. By D. L. Pierson.. 487 EUROPE, Buddhism in ………………. 314 – Coming Crises in … _…. _………… " 944 – Allen, Herbert M. and Constantinople…. 317 – Leprosy in ..•…………..•……….• 329' – Baldwin, Caleb C .•.•••..•……..•.•…. 716 – Missionary Union for Southeast. ………. 162 =- Bolton, Wm. T., of North Africa ….••… 478 Evolution as a Missionary Asset on the Mis- – Broomhall, Benjamin, of London ……… 636 sion Field (b) Delavan L. Leonard ..••.• 821 g~°r¥!;~sl.°~~}J °k;n:laj~p~~::::::::::: 5~~ Exhibit for Mission-Missions Made Visible •• 313 Exhibitions, United …………………… 473 – Devins, Dr. John B …………………. 797 Explorer's View of Missionaries .•……•…• 875 – Duryea, Miss Alice, of China …….•.•.•. 317 Falsehood on Missions, Prejudice and .••••••• 138 – Ensor, Rev. George, of Japan ……..•… 156 Famine and Plague in China ……………. 241 – Fenchel, Missionary ………………… 318 – in China. Jean Carter Cochran……….. 91 – Flinkinger, Bishop Daniel…………….. 798 – – Plague and …………………….. 403- – Hail, Rev. Johnbof Japan ……………. 798 – Scenes in China. Wade D. and Abbie T. – Harpster, Rev. cr.. , John H ………….. 238 – Her:burn, James M.D..•………….. 876 Bostick ………. :.,…………… … 449 Farewell Missionary Message, Dr. Pierson's .• 617 – Ho Iy, Bishop, of ;Haiti……………… 478 Federation, Fruit of Church …………….. 225 – Jessup, Mrs. Wtlham ……………….. 876 – Progress Toward Church …………… 947 – Jones, Kev. Daniel, of Agra, India …….. 478 Fettler, Pastor, as an Evangelist in Russia ••.. 62Z" – Kalopothakes, Rev. Dr., of Greece ••…… 716 FIJI and the Drink Traffic…………….. 537 – Kropf, Senior Missionary A.: ……•….. 317 – Hurricane in …………………… 537, 636 – Martin, Rev. Samuel, of India ………… 238 Fijians, Liberal Giving of. ………….••••• 477 – McCarthy, John, of China •…….•……. 715 FILIPINO, The young ••………•…•.••• 711 – McFarlane, Rev. Samuel. •…•…..•….. 316 Filipino Woman Doctor, First. .•.•.•••..•••. 537 – McGilvary, Rev. Daniel, of Laos ………. 798 Filipinos Pushing for Independence .•.••..•.• 315 – Messmore, Rev. James H., of India ….. 956 Finland Missions ..•………………..••. 774 -O'Connor, Rev. James A., of New York … 716 Forces, Spiritual Ideals and __ …. __ ….. " 938 – Robson, Dr. George, of Scotland ………. 798 Foreign-born, Bible Work for the ..••••..•••• 86Z" – Skrefsrud, Lars, of India .•……….••.•. 318 – – Work for the ……………………. 861 – Sleman, John B., of Washington …….•.. 636 Fe.reign Missions and the World's Culture (b) ~ Sobey, Rev. J. R., of Costa Rica ……… 238 James Johnston …………….•••••.. 28 – Sorabji, Mrs., of India …… _….. __ .. 317 Foreigners-Orient,,!s Crowding into Cali- – Stanley, Dr. Charles A., of China ..•…… 156 fornia •••••. ,……………………. 79Z" – Stevens, Dr. E. 0., of Burma ………… 156 Formosa, Presbyterian Union College in … ~ 954 – Stuart, Bishop,," of Persia…………….. 557 FRANCE, Doubt and Religion in. Jean C. – Swain, Miss clara ……••…..•..•…..• 156 Bracq_ …………………………… 615 – Turner, Bishop, of Korea …….•…….. 156 – Fiv~. Years ,0,£ ~eparation in ………..• 945 – Van AllenbMrs. Frank, of India ……… 876 – ReltglOus Cnsls Ill ..••.••………••• _ • • • 85 – Warneck, r. Gustav, of Germany ….••.• 155 – Roman Catholicism in ………………. 65 – Wilder, Miss Grace, of India …………. 478 Free Baptists Uniting, Baptists and………. 63 – Wilson. Jonathan, of Siam …………… 715 – Church Cooperation, Anglican and …..••• 312 – Wyckoff, Dr. Martin N., of Japan .•.•• : .• 317 French Colonies and French Missions (a) A. Death-shade, Uganda, Land of the ……….. 369 Boegner ………….•………..•••.• 199' Denmark Missions ..•..•……..••..•.•…. 770 – Protestant Missions, Need of …•.•…•••• 220 Devil Worshipers, Conversion of………… 786 Gambling in China, Suppression of………. 704 Ding, the Apostle of Shantung. Charles Ern- Gave First His Money Then Himself…….. 796 est Scott ………………………… 125 Generalship in Missions ………………… 219 Donations Received ……….. 318, 382, 463, 940 GERMAN Federation of Christian Policemen. 544 Drink Bill, England's ………………….. 473 – Medical Missions …..•••..•…•..•••••• 66 -Traffic, Fiji and the …………………. 531 – Missionary Convention ..•…..•..•.••.•• 794 Dutch East Indies, In the. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. 326 – – Forces … _…………………… " 944 – Reformed Church Prospering…………. 309 – – Societies, Annual Reports of the. Louis Eddy, George S., in China…………….. 561 • Meyer ………….•…..••••…•••••• 214 Eddy's, George Sherwood, New Work ..••••.. 301 —Jubilee of ……………………. 474 Edinburgh Conference Compared, Jerusalem – – Specialist (a) Julius Richter •…..••… 204 and ……………………………. 152 Editor in Asia (Editorial)……………… 57 = m – Orient Missbn, l~eorganization of the….. 66 Editor's Change of Route………………. 220 ~~ck1::ieC. ~~~.s. ~:~~: ..~~~~~ .~~~~r::::::.:

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PAGE PAGE Germany, Interest for Missions in……….. 228 India, Gospel for ……………………. 390 – Temperance in …………………….. 228 – Growth of a Decade in ………………. 301 – Women's Work in………………….. 66 – – of Marathi Mission ………………. 867 Gideons and the Bible…………….•. 383, 540 – How Converts Can Give……………..• 547 -at Work on the Pacific ………………. 791 – How the Gospel Transforms ………….. 300 Gift, Blind Woman's ••..••………..•…. 227 – ~dolatry Disappearing in … '. . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 391 – of a Million for Missions……………• 712 GIFTS-Contributions of Religious Bodies in -lU 1910 …………………………… 13 – Is the Gospel Gaining Ground …………• 867 the United States for 1906, for Domestic – Islam Invading ….•……………….• 391 and Foreign Work.:………………. 22 – Islam in (a) S. M. Zwemer ………..•• 909 – for Y. M. C. A. ForeIgn Work ……….. 223 – Lutheran Missionary Conferences in ….. 947 – Greatest, in Its History……………… 471 – Mass Movement in •………………•.• 69 Give, Celestials Lellrning to……. . . . . . . . . .. 142 – – – Toward Christianity ……………. 148 – How Converts Can, in India……… . . . .. 547 – Men's Movement in …………………. 165 Givers, Korean Christians as……………. 631 – Mission to Outcastes in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . … 547 Gives, How G'ne Chinese Christian………. 628 –Arranged by Native Christians in …… 231 Giving and Church Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 – Missionary's Testimony •…………….. 706 – Another Notable Case of……………. 394 – Native Christian Church in ……………. 786 -Do You Keep Books? ……………….. 795 – Need of Social Reform in ……………. 390 – Notable Gains in Missionary ………….. 223 – Pandharpur Pilgrimage (a) :ice L. Giles – Year's Growth in Christian …………… 861 (De Camp) ……..•……………… 841 Gold Coast-Gifts of the Negro ………….. 307 — Part Played by Native Workers in …….. 867 – – Africa, Improved Conditions on the …. 710 – Progress Seen by Rev. J. W. Scudder…. 546 Governments, Christian, and Islam. . . . . . . . . .. 781 – Pr~!:res. Toward Chu!ch Federation…. 947 – Opposed to Missions? Are…………… 939 – RaISIng the Outcastes In …………… 887 Great Britain? Christian Unity in. . . . . . . . . . .. 63 – Raj'putana Jubilee …………………. 706 GREECE and the Bible….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 388 – Re 19iOUS Convention in ……………… 476 f'reek Church in Turkey …………….. 884 – Rousing Christian Convention ill ………. 548 Greeks, Bible and the ………………….. 725 .- S~If-Support and I.Sne.lf.-.C.h.r.i.s.ti.a.n.i.z.a.ti.o.n…in….. – Dr. Kalopothakes and the modern (a) – SIgns of Dawn 231 Jesse W. Brooks………………….. 815 886 Grenfell's Work Adva)1cing, Dr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 – Testimony of the Census…………….. 867 GUATEMALA, Education and Religion in … 222 – Temple Girls in ………… , ……….. 947 – 9!,od Plan !n …..•..•……………… 223 – Training a Native Ministry for. W. T. HaItI, Unrest In………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 806 Elmore ..•……..••……………… 442 Hamlin, Cyrus, Birth of……………….. 45 – Union <In;:oll(ebg)e at .I~angalore.:: ……….. Hall, Rev. Gordon, Grave of……………. 868 – Unrest WIlham DUt ha 1. • • . • • • • • •• 231 Hart, Sir Robert, on the Bible. . . . . . . • • . . . . .. 621 50 Hartford School of Missions. Edward Warren – What Christian Education T, llohg in .. 948 Capen ………………………….. 670 – What Christianity Has Already Done in … 390 Hawaii, Good News from …………….•.. 863 – What Remains to Be Done…………… 868 – Japanese Population in ………………. 385 – Widowhood in .•.•………………… , 624 Hepburn, James Curtis (a) Wm. Elliot Griffis. 889 – Woman and the Regenera~ion of (a) E. M. HINDU Conference, Important …………• 722 Indi!hX~~hd~~~~~: App~i~t;;'~~i '~t' ~~;……….:: ~gf – Gods, Legal Rights of…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 708 – Converts Baptized _………….. ,……. 391 – Idea of Religion………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. 625 – – Some Striking Answers …………. 948 -Judge, Testimony of a ………………. 68 – Emp!re! V,!st ……………………….. 784 – Opinion-India and Christianity ……….. 148 – MedIca MISSIOns …………………… 148 – Sees Them, Missionaries as One ……….. 146 – Missions to India…………………… 300 – Was Converted, How a ……………… 707 – Moslems Asking Education ………….. 888 Hinduism Bestirring Itself……………… 625 – Mother .•••….•.•…………………. 301 – Failure of .••…………………….. 300 – Salvation to the American ……………. 541 – Loses to Christianity ………………… 300 – Women's Conference ….••………….. 706 Hindus and Moslems in Conference . . . . . . . . . . 391 Indians, Christian, in Canada……………. 713 – Flocki'!j!' in, Hosts of……………….. 311 – in Council ……………………….. 942 History, January in Missionary (a) Belle lL – of Paraguay, Among the Forest (a) G. W. Brain…………………………… 45 Ray ••.•••••…………………….. 807 Holland, Mission Study in….. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 228 – Thank·offering from ……………….. 713 HOME MISSIONS, Practical Result); of – Work for the Red Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225 Frontier (a) W. S. Holt…………… 500 India's Census Tells of Progress, What…… 705. – – Strategy in … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 941 – Children, Saving •………………….. 722 –Unity in ..•••..•..•……………… 162 – Missionary Activity ………………… 785 How to Persuade Asiatics to Accept the Gos· – Nationalism and Missions (b) Henry Man· pel (a) Eugene P. Dunlop••………… 357 sell ……………………. .'……… 259 Hugnenot Missions in South Africa. . . . . . . . .. 151 – Women, Progress among…………..••• 644 Hu Sie Guong-Fruitful Seed-sowing in Indifference, Remedy for (Editorial)……… 58 China. Sarah M. Bosworth •. _………• 447 Industrial Exhibition Utilized, Japan ……… 304 Hymn, Missionary. Henry Burton. . . . . . . . . .• 523 Insane Asylum for Jerusalem …………… 783 Iceland, Theologians at War in.•………•.. 544 International Mission Study Conference …. 943 Idolatrj' Disappearing in India………….. 391 – Missionary Union. Clifton Springs, New Idols Detroyed in Africa………………. 788 York, 1911. W. H. Batstone……… 609 Illiterates in the Orient……………….. 624 – Sunday·school Convention ……………• 790 Immigrants–Hosts of Hindus Flocking in …. 311 Investigation of Missions ……………….. 161 Immigration, Re8'1;llation of…………….. 154 Investments and the Silent Partner (b) Came- Income Tax, Self·imposed………………• 796 ron Johnson ..•………………….. 366 INDIA. Among Gutcastes in …………..• 644 ISLAM, A Changed Race …………….. 875 – and Burma, Nuggets from …..•………• 611 – Christian Governments and………….. 781 – and China, Illiterates in…………….. 232 – Fatalism in ….•………………….. 229 – – Plague In ………………………. 548 – in Britaill ………………………..• 226 – and Christian: A Hindu Opinion………. 148 – in China …..•……………………• 141 – Baptisms br the Thousand in…………. 624 -!n England-A Correction……………. 246 – Beneficial Effects of the Unrest in……. 165 ,-lU India (a) S. M. Zwemer . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 90' – Bitter Wrong to Converts in. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 707 – in West Africa…………………….. 632 – Blind in ………………………….. 147 – Invading India …………………….. 391 – Caste System Giving Way in …………. 623 – NS:m~laM.nZ~:m~~~ .~~~. ~~~.t~~~~~~~. ~~~ 747 – Christians Advance in ………………. 785 – Numerical Strength of. ……………… 304 – – Congress in …………………….. 323 – Organizing into Congregations………… 306 – Colony of Sturdy Christians in. . . . . • . . . . .. 625 – Ouarterly Review on………………… 64 – Evangelized by Indians. .. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . .. 706 – S"illn.s of I.ife in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 805 – Good News from Tinnevelly..•……….. 147 – ~..Plflt of…………… . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • .• 782 – Gospel Among the Korwas .•…….•..•… 301 – Why AfrIcans Prefer …….. , …….. 394, 709

PAGE PAGE Islam's Grip upon Its Adherents …………. 389 Jesuits in Russia ……………………… 622 Islands–Dutch East Indies …………….• 326 Jesus Christ, the First Missionary……….. 182 Israel Returns to Palestine……………… 389 Jewish Misswnary Conference, Eighth Inter· Italians, Extensive Work for……………. 862 national (a) Louis Meyer…………… 654 ITALY, Jubilee of United (b) Francesco JEWS, Amencan, in Rtlssia ……………. 545 Rostan ……….••……..•……….. 592 – and Palestine …………………. 708, 946 – Coming to Christ. ………………….. 228 – Open Bible in ……………………… 314 – Religious Renaissance in (a) Minnie J. =- Flocking to Christ. …………………. i~j i~ ~~~es~~n~. :::::::::::::.: : : : : : : : : : : : : :. 780 Reynolds ………………………… 597 – Students of, and Religion…………….. 485 – Returning to Palestine ………………. 475 Jackson, How Dr. A. F., Gave His Life …… 552 – Russia and the ……………………… 484 January in Missionary History (a) Belle M. – Russian War on the …………………. 229 Jewish Immigrants in America (a) Louis Brain…………………………… 45 Meyer ………………. , ………… 901 JAPAN, Anarchism and Religion in ……..• 629 John's. Griffith, Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . 393 – and Korea, Christianity in (b) M. C. wett. Dr. in New york ……………… 700 Harris ………………………..••• 188 . – and Religious Equality………………. 146 rrubilee lIy';"n. A. T. Pierson …………… 579 udson's Sowing, Harvest from ………….. 868 – Buddhism Decreasing in …………… 951 alopothakes, Dr., and the Modern Greeks – Carnegie Gives a Million for…………. 552 (a) Jesse W. Brooks .•…………….. 815 – Cause for Thanksgiving in ..•…………• 146 Kamerun, Missionary Schools Appreciated in.. 308 – – o f Slow Progress in ………………. 787 Kamil, Life of (Editorial)………………. 60 – Cbinese Students in ………….. ,….. 952 Kanakas, Light for the Dark·minded……… 76 – Christianity as a Statesman Sees It……. 702 Kennedy Legacy, Distributing the ……….. 384 –in …………………………….. 642 Kerak, Turkey, Bedouin Revolt at. . . . . . . . . … 230 – Conference of Federated Missions in. , . , .. 395 Khama's Jubilee, King …………………. 309 – Decay of Religious Belief. ……….. ,.. 951 "Khutbas," Story of the Nile Mission Press.

– Ep~~~~li~~~.? ••~~~ . ~.a.'..1."•• ~~).. ~'•.:: .~: 660 Arthur T. Upton ………………….. 744 King George to Honor Missionaries ………. 543 – Evangelizing Korea …..•.. , ……….. 953 King Turned Missionary……………….. 789 – Family Worship in, …•………..•.. 235, 552 KONGO. Affairs on the …………….. 885 – for Fifty Years, Statistics of Protestant – Belgian Reformers ……….•……….. 873 – Free State •••……….••••…•…….. 3D7 Missions in. A. Pieters……………. 669 – Gospel Hunger on the ……..•..•……• 465 – From Montreal, Canada, to Kobe (b) Ar· – Latest News from the •.•…….•……… 554 – Light and Darkness on the…………… 74 thur T. Pierson…………………… 3 – Marvel upon the .•..••.•••………….. 873 – Going Backward in ……. ,………….. 724 – Mission, Belgian …………………… 307 – Half·Century of Progress……………. 629 – Planning Better Things for the ……….• 474 – – – of the Gospel. … ,…………….. 870 – Reenforcements for the……………… 308 – Healthy Churches in ………..•……..• 870 – Situation, To Inspect the •••………….. 473 – Hospital for the Poor …..•……..••..• 871 – State, Changes in the……………….. 244 – Hospital for the Poor in ……………. 952 KOREA and the Gospel. Mr,s. Lillian H. – How Christianity Spreads in………….. 74 -in 1910 …•….. .•………..•. .•••…• 15 Underwood ••.••…………………. 695 – Industrial Exhibition Utilized …………. 304 – Activity of Y. M. C. A …………….. 953 – Nuggets frotll. …..•………•••..•….• 611 – Amazing Growth in … ;……………… 630 – Pioneer of Science and Religion in (a) -Best Year in………………………. 73 – Buddhists Active in ……………….. 953 W m. Elliot Griffis ………………… 889 – Changes of Seven years ……………… 144 – Plan of Campaign in ..•••……………. 324 – Christian Comity in ………………… 953 – Present State of Christianity in (b) Henry – Christian Endeavor in Japan and ………. 553 – Christianity in Japan and (b) M. C. Harris. 188 Loomis …………………………. 665 – Conversion of a Blind Sorcerer in. . . . . . . .. 703 – – Status of Mission in. Harlan P. Beach. 690 – First Impressions of (a) Arthur T. Pierson. 183 – Progress in ……..•.•….•.•……….• 553 – Gains of Twenty·five Years in………… 234 – Secular Forces Helping the Gospel in ….. 552 – Gatliering tlie Slieaves in ..•…….•…… 630 – Signs of Progress m (b) Arthur T. Pier· – Good Report from ………………….. 630 – Gospel Still Making Progress in. • . . . . . . . . • 72 son ……………………………. 111 – Home Missionaries in ……………….• 145 – Social Evil in …..•…..•…………• 952 -in 1910 …………………………… 15 – Superstition in ……•…•••••…•…… 304 – Influence of Japanese Immigration into – Surging Toward Irreligion……………. 476 – Two Tokens of Good in ..•..••….•…… 553 (Editorial) ………………………. 59 – What a Christian Hymn Did ••••••…….. 702 – Japanese Policr .in ……..•………….. 324 Japanese and Korean Churches…………. 82 – Japan Evangehzmg …………….. , … 9S3 – Chinese Christian Teaches.••….•.•…… 226 – Japan's Task ilL ……………………. 702 – Christians Can Be and Do, W'hat……… 303 – Land of G'pportunity (a) Anna W. Pierson 269 – Cities, Slums in the ……………….. 951 – Little Land of Big Things……. . . . . . . . .. 234 – Converted Through a Hymn ………….. 553 – Methodism in ……….••……….. 145, 476 – Evangelis.tic. Movement ……………. ,. 871 – Ministering to the Deaf in…….. . . . . . … 703 – Home Mtsstonary .. ,……………….. 62 – Missionary Church in ……………….. 631 – Gospel Progress According to a……….. 870 – Not a Million, But Everyone… . . . . . . . . … 630 – Immigration Into Korea, Influence of (Edi. – Nuggets from …..•……….•………. 610 – Paton Memorial Hospital in………….. 220 torial) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 59 – Pierson Memorial Bible School in…….. 779 – in the Korean Campaign…………….. 394 – Presbytery of ……………………… 145 – Lawyer Converted ………………….. 304 – Progress m ……………………….. 243 – Methodist of Note………………….. 629 – Reaping Harvests in…………………. 81 – Mission in Chicago………………….. 384 – Religious Liberty in …………………. 243 – Missionary Spirit among…………….. 552 – Revival at Peng yang……. .. . . . . . . . . … 243 – Philosopher against Buddha ………….. 702 – Strange Doctrines in………………… 82 – Policy in Korea……………………. 324 – Traveler's Sunday at Peng Yang (b) E. G. – Pop,ulation in l1awaii ………… ,…… 385 – Ratlroad, Christtan Work on ………….. 233 Kemp ………..•.•.•••………….. 275 – Statesman on Ethics ………………… 235 – Zeal for Bible Study in……………… 630 Japan's Task in Korea …………………. 702 Korean Campaign, Japanese in the ……….. 394 – Christians as Givers …….•.•••….•..•.. 631 JAVA, Christian Colonies in ……………. 316 – – in Earnest ……………………… 703 – Gospel Wanted in ……..•………….. 536 – Churches, Japanese and……………… 82 -Life from the Dead in ………………. '76 – City, Condttions in One……………… 72 – Methodist Mission in ………………… 316 – Revival and Its Results .. .'……………… Hl9 – National Awakening upon …..•…..•… 326 – Salvation Army Active in ……………• 874 jean Valjean, Modern (Editorial)……….. 60 erry McAuley Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 . erusalem. Insane Asylum for …….. .' . . . . .. 783 PAGE PAGE Korean, Summer Conference, First……… 73 Medical Missions, Norway and …………. 627 _ – Pbysicians Endorse ……………….. 543 – Woman Did, What One ..•…………… 33?,43 _ School, Christian, for Manchuria………. ~~~ -Kofroear nJs ~aEnveasneg,eliBziibnlge Zeal of………….. , – Students in China, ~onor to …………. 231 Work of. ………… 7 – Work in Resht, Persla …………….. -. 795 702 Korea's Future, Japanese on ……………. , 629 Korwas, India, Gospel among the ……..•… 301 MELANESIA, Langu:,ges of ………. ·.··· Krapf John Ludwig, Birth of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 M morial, Dr. Pierson s Permanent… . . . . . .. ~g Kuma;"oto Band, Signing of the Christian ·w· _eNuntber, Our ……………………… 792 Covenant by the …………………. 49 -Me-n aFnodr wRaer dl i gMi oonv.e.m. .e.n' t ' '(b)' .E' ii:~iio'rd~: 775718 Kurds of Siberia……………………… 546 -., – Religion of the Dersin (a) Henry H. Riggs. 734 _ _ Movement …….: ………………. 165 Laos Believer, the First. Daniel McGiIvary:. 217 – North Siam, Looking up the (a) W. Chf- _Mepe~' soMnaolveW meonrtk in Ind,a…………. ·.···· 539 J;-eague …………….. ·. 161 ton Dodd .•…•………………….. 351 LATIN AMERICA, Case for Missions in (a) – Reli~ous. Campalgn …………. '::::::.-. 145 MethodIsm ,n Korea.•… ··········· 537 Robert E. Speer ………………….. 167 – !. ~ the Philippine.s…………….. ······· 636 Latin Countries, Nuggets from ………….. 612 – the South PacIfic … '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55 Laymen's Meetings, Fruit of. …………… 862 M 'th dist Church in R!-'ssla …………….. 316 – Movement, Four Years of the (a) Samuel 371 _ eGL lenrsi in the Philippmes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 306 – an Mission …………………… 316 – .-!Fr~irof ih~:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 383 – Mission in Java ………………… , …. 477 –Phase of the …..•……………….. 61 – – Scotch …………………………. 486 – Missionaryw~i.ving ………….•••••….. 63 – Service, Christian ………………..•.. 785 – M ney Is Divided, How ……….. ··…. 306 NO th Africa Mission ……………….. 653 LEPERS America and Work for ……..•.. 471 — ~Oork ainmoAfn~icMa.osGlermows thin North Afnca … . – Great Work for …………………….. 476 of. …. ………. 8~~ – in German East Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 632 – 0 M~°distsin the Philippines …………… .. ~~~ – of the World (a) John Jackson ……….. 327 = 1 eWco~kredin' 34~67 Liberian Mission, Methodist…………….. 306 0C1h1ea~ltleinongse to Southern……….. among ……… ·····•· Lien Chou, China, Facts about………….. 233 Literary Work by Missionaries………….. 790 East Africa …………. ········ 'T;' MEXICO, Changes i!,-:" …….. E' .~;:.- 209 Livingstone, To Honor………………… 64 _ Christian Opportumtles m. L. . oy 386 LIVINGSTONIA Liberality …………… 634 = vi. – Moody of …….•.. : ……..•………• 211 -Mission ………………………. 253, 7g9 OPrthe:;ntDeOnuotlmooiin.<atiionn.s: I.n..•:………•……. •~h·;·"··. ··· 486 – More Revivals in…………………… 81 _ Protestant Chnstlamty m (a) J …….. 345 – Sleeping-sickness in …………………. 308 Butler ···········:··(··)··N····· 0 Win- – Solid Success in ……………………. 874 _ Religious Influences m a evm ……… 178 Logging-Camps, Missionary Work in (a) ter ..•……………. :……. 385 Frank E. Higgins ………………….. 292 _ Self-SuP,?orting Churches m …… :::::::: 325 London, Lads of……………………… 794 Mexican DIsturbances ..•………. 154 — 1:isslonary Society's Ten Years' Review… 621 – Revolt Spreads ………………….•.. 541 – Y. M. C. A. in …………………….. 313 London's Charities …………………… 227 M'll nnium Still Remote ….•…….. ····•·· 864 "Los von Rom" Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 MM!!!nm~ersste,r.lNalovCbeltnMdI'idds'sItido'sn Work for ……•… ·. Lucknow Conference on Missions to Moslems. in China …………. 139 Testament Missionary. 938 Stephen Van R. Trowbridge………… 279 -MMilsrFsal'~!Oh'llned-'t(B'baEra)vanodD.leue,tOliaorvn.tag,ntansLo.af the ……. " ……. 471 Luebo, Presbyterian Work at………… . . .. 554 M"IsslOnary Asset on 821 Lutheran Missions ……………………. 462 Leonard ….•.••…. 863 – Missionary Conferences in India……… 947 Mabeyes-Conversion of an African Tribe …. 401 – Study in England ……. ·.············· .. 379 Macedonia, Earthquake in Monastir………. 305 Missionaries, Unsupported :…………….. 632 –, Good News from …………………… 245 =-M'1' E3In~d.ti~enrfceasasrttyi,o.n.A.I np.M.fhlo.ou.vrei.ens.mmc.ees.n,.t.oN.f..a..ht..hv..ee..,……o…n._…….a…….c…..i.t•..'~…r…~..i.t.:.- 715 Madagascar, Good News from …….. .484, 955 790 – Gospel Entering Through the Eye ……..• 556 – Hope in •.•…………•…………•.. 468 755 – New Governor-General of. ……………• 468 – Progress in ………….•…………… 711 Joseph M. Long …… · …. ····· …….. 219 – Public Confession in………………… 556 – Religious Liberty in………………… 75 — SSeornmson•s…………………… ::::::::::::…….. 849705 Malagasy Love for the Bible……………. 75 – Spirtt Vital ………….. ….. .i.i.:o:.~:e…r….B….- 876 Malaysia Pushing for Independence.. . . . . . . .. 711 507 – Supreme Need in …………………. 955 – Task on Hand …….. : … '('b)" Malta-Latest Case of Intolerance……….. 543 _ Training of the ForeIgn M' Hiounlabreyr'st ·O··w···n·S··p:·I·nt·u·ja··i.iie·.· Donald 935 MANCHURIA, Christian Medical School for. 143 ISSFrazer …..• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938 – Problem of the Students of. F. W. S. – Personality ………………… 627 O'Neill …………..•……………. 118 – Results of the Plague in (b) F. W. S. -Task ……….. ························ 698 =Missions a Church .Luxury? Are ……. ::::: 161 O'Neill …………………………. 603 – Under the Llmehght. …………. ·· 177 – Revivals in ……………………….• 87 Urgency of ……………………….• 219 Manila, Rebirth of……………………. 536 Maori in New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 795 Wasted Energy in …: ….: ……. · .. ··.. 7 Mariavites in Poland. Louis Meyer ……..• 855 -M'tYh;~~ 1910 in (a) Juh,:,s Jil.'chter………. 59 Mass Movement in India………………. 69 Religion of (EdItorial)…………. 46 – – Toward Christianity ……………… 148 Mateer, Calvin W., a Maker of the New M' ff t 'Mary, Death of ………………… 325 -MooFhraaom.mmetdo, CChhrrt-sst.t. .Ia.n.d,. in West A. .f.r.ic. a. .. .. .. …… China (a) John T. Faris …………….• 8.25 … …… ~~6485 Mayhew, Experience, Birth of. ……..•… : 49 McAlI Mission in Paris, Opening of the….. 47 MOHAMMEDAN Menace in Africa ….. ··· – Missions Paris Flood and……………. 64 – Missions Society ………… 'f' . 'th' .. '('b) McAuley, jerry, Mission-Old and New (a) _ Problem, Present Aspects 0 e 281 Delavan L. Pierson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 433 Charles E. Watson ………….. ······· 782 McBride. R. H.-Apostle to Prisoners ….•. 942 – World ………………… , …… ······236 Mecca, English Mohammedans in . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Mohammedanism, England and ………. ···· 543 – in England ……………….••…….• 302 Mohammedans, Chinese ……………….. 305 MEDICAL Home, Department for Mission- aries. 'Charles F. Harford ………….• 768 – English in Mecca ………….. ·········· 389 – Host of ……………….•………… 945 – Missionaries, British …….•………••• 226 – in Southeastern Europ~ ………•……. 466 – Missions, Doctors Recommend ………… 153 – Say about Christian MISSIons, What. ….. 941 – – German .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Mohonk Conference ………….•..•…… 252 – – Indian …………….. " . .. . . . . .. .. 148 Money Gifts and Their Value.•…..••…… PAGE PAGE Mongolia-A Neglected Mis.ion Field…….• 144 OPIUM, China and ………………….•• 626 Morales, Dr. Arcadia, the Moody of Mexico.. 386 '- Chinese Movement Against …………. 882 Moravian Missions ……………………. 65 ' – Movement in China, New National Anti- •• 241 MORMON Missionaries in America ……..• 540 – Question in China …………………• 139 – Missions ………….•••• • . • • • . . . . . . . .. 63 ' – S'moking Forbidden ……………….•• 626 : G'rient, Christian Comity in the… . . . . . . . . … 305 Mormonism To·day …………………… 155 – Illiterates in the………………….•.. 624 Mormons, Crusade against. ••…•…•……. 312 Oriental Students, Progress of Bible Study – Women and the ………..•..•………. 862 MOROCCO Muddle ………………….. 803 among (b) Clayton Sedgwick Cooper….. 191 – Slavery in ………………………… 710 Outcastes in India, Mission to ………….•• 547 Morrison, Robert, Birth of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47 – – Raising the ……………………. 887 Pacific, Methodism in the South……….. 636 MOSLEM: Are They .Christian or………. 304 Paganism Increasing in Russia…………. .645 – ForwarG Movement In London………… 226 PALESTINE, Bible Work in …………..• 546 – Girl Should Know, What a …………… 631 – Israel Returns to…………………… 389 – Lands in 1910…………………….. 8 – Jews and ……………………… 708, 946 – Menace ………………..•..•…….. 456 -Jews in ………………………….. 783 – Menace in Sonth Africa ……………. 886 – Jews Returning to Th€ir Own ………… 475 – Meeting the ………………………. 710 – Not Robbers But Seekers ……………• 866 – Missions, Many·sidedness of………….. 389 – Progress in ………………………•• 866 – Testimony to Christian Activity ..•…….. 547 Pamphlets …………………………… 400 – Tolerance in Africa…………………. 46$ – and Periodicals, Recent………………. 879 – Woman, Rights of ………………….. 149 Panamanians Are Churched. How ……….. 386 Moslems Hearts Touched, Some…………. 68 Panay, Pulahanes in (b) Charles W. Briggs .. 513 – Hin.dus and:.in Confere~ce…………… 391 Pandharpur Pilgrimage (a) Alice L. Giles …. 841 – IndIan, ASkmg Education …………… 888 Papacy, Sects in the………………….. 388 -in North Africa, Methodist Work among .. 553 Papua-Missionary Islanders ……………. 711 – Number of Chinese •.•…………….. 948 Paraguay, Among the Forest Indians of (a) – Lucknow Conference on Missions to. Ste· G. W. Ray ………………………. 807 _1!h<;n Van R. Trowbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Paris Flood and McAII Missions…. . . . . . . . .. 64 – MiSSIOns to ..•.••.••••…………….. 149 Parliament, Chinese …………………… 141 Motive for Missions …………………… 797 Pastor's Testimony …………………..• 700 – Only, Which Avails ..•..•……………. 795 Paton Memorial Hospital in Korea ………. 220 Matt, Dr., Addressing Students in North Peace, Progress Toward……………….. 321 Penang Schools CrOWded ……………… 955 Africa ….••.••…….•…………… 464 Perils of Robbers in ·Persia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 784 Matti John R., in the Near East….. . . . . . . .. 484 Persecution of Christians in Nigeria …….. 954 Mou e, Chinese Farewell to Archdeacon. . . . .. 393 NATAL, Church Union in Education . . . . . . . . 151 – Jubilee and Unity in ………………… 724 PERSIA. Boys' School in Urumia ……….. 866 National Bible Institute ……….•…..•…. 861 – Christian Schools in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •• 784 Native Christian Church in India ……••…. 786 – Christians in India, Mission Arranged by.. 231 – Continued Unrest in ………………… 803 –Prayer Life of (b) ……………….. 439 – Investment Worth Considering. Blanche – Ministry for India, Training a. W. T. Wilson Stead …………………….. 128 – Medical Work in Resh!. …………….•. 231 Elmore •….•……………………. 442 – Opportunity in ……………………•• 564 Needs, One Billion without Go'pel. …….. 956 – Perils of Robbers in ………………..• 784 – Present·day, in Missionarv W8rk ……… 778 – Presbyterian Work in ……………….. 390 Neesima, Joseph Hardy, Birth of………… 47 – Progress in ..•.••…………………. 865 – Women's Rights in ………………… 946 NEGRO and the Y. M. C. A……………. 311 Persian Girls in School. ……….. ,…….. 784 Negroes in America-After Fifty Years of Persians in Chicago……………………. 792 Personal Work-Begin at Once ………….. 797 Freedom ……………………. , …. 310 Philippine Islands, Self-Support in the (a) – Missions to Africans in America………. 383 – Since the Civil War, Progress of Ameri- Charles W. Briggs…………………… 33 can. W. E. Burghardt Dubois., … , …. 460 -to Canada, Emigration of. ……………. 472 PHILIPPINES, Fruitful Work in the …… 874 Negro's Future, ….. , ……. , …………. 792 – God's Messengers in the. Edith White – Welfare, Growing Interest in …………. 471 Jansen ….•…………………….. 517 New-born Men in China (b) …………… 935 – Items from the…………………….. 398 NEW GUINEA, Ex-Cannibals Flocking to – Liberty in the……………………… 482 Christ in •………………………• 955 – Methodism in the ………………… 537, 874 – – Motor-boat for …………………. ,. 538 – Missions Prospering in the…………… 75 – – Progress in …………………….. 643 – Open Doors in the…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 483 New Hebrides, Heathen Women in the. T. – Pulahanes in Panay (b) Charles W. Briggs. 513 – Wonderful Decade in the … ' ………..• 536 Watt Leggatt …………………….. 776 Pierson, Rev. Arthur Tappan, Death of. By New Weapon for the Old Controversy, Islam D. L. Pierson…………………….. 487 (b) Samuel M. Zwemer …………….. 747 Pierson, Arthur TaEpan: His Life and His New York-Jerry McAuley Mission-Old and Message. Contrlbuted by Friends and Co· New (a) Delavan L. Pierson . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 workers (a) D. L. Pierson…………. 567 – – Work among Russians in ……….•… 791 Pierson Memorial Bible School in Korea, New Zealand, Maori in ………………… 795. Nicaragua, Protestant Churches in……….. 565 617, 779 NIGERIA, Gospel Welcomed in…………. 788 PLAGUE and Famine in China …………• 403 – Persecution in the………………….. 872 – in China, Famine and ……………….. 241 – Persecutions of Christians in ………… 954 – in India and China…………………. 548 – Southern …………………………. 150 -in Manchuria, Results of the (b) F. W. S. Nile Mission Press, "Khutbas," Story of the. O'Neill …………………………. 603 Arthur T. Upson ………………….. 744 – – – l l l NORWAY and Medical Missions ………… 621 _MT~~~f'r.. ::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: m ~ Fisherman. Revival among the. Anton Nyasaland. Remarkable Circulation of the Pocket Testa1t!ent League………………. 303 ASIa ……………………… 395 Poem-Our Brother Man. J. G. Whittier …. 608 – The Hindered Christ. Alice J. Nichols…. 814 – The Missionary Call. George L. Gleason.. 512 POLAND, Mariavites in. Louis Meyer. ….. 855 Scriptures ………………………. 152 – Movement in Russian ………•.•••…..• 163 – Signs of the Dawn in (a) Donald Fraser.. 247 – New Reformation in …………………. 475 Oberlin. Phenomenal Assemblage at. ……… 471 Policemen, German Federation of Christian.. 544 Obstacle to Missions, The Greatest……….. 620 Ponape, Rebellion on ..•……••………… 477 OCEANIA, Leprosy in …………… , ….. 343 Porto Rico, Churches in……………….. 713 Omaha Standard Campaign ..•..•…..••.•..• 382 Portugal and Spain, Unrest in .•………… 804 01llf,!le, Prayer.meeting at………………. 45 – Church and State in ……•••…….. 227, 485 OplnlOnS and Facts ……. .- ……•..•. "…. 8(0 -Priests in .. ,., •…….. , ……….. , … , 388

19I1 ] INDEX

PAGE PAGE Portugal, Situation in .•.•…….. · · · · · · · · · 726 Schools in Turkel' G!lvernment and Mission. _ to Grant Religious Liberty…………… 466 S l(b)d Charles • R,ggs .. , ……………. 363 Sco~~n , Church Union in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864 Power, Source of ……………… ····· … 859 Scu er, Dr. Joh~~ Death of…………… 46 Prayer, Day of, for Students ……………. 153 cotch Laymen's Movement ..•………….• 486 _ Life of Native Christians (b)…………. 439 Scudder, Rev. J. W., Progress in India Seen Prejudice and Falsehood on Missions…….. 138 b>; , ……………………………. 546 Preparation, New Emphasis on …… · …..•• 646 Sectanam.m, Pest of. J. R. Alexander…… 290 Self-support and Independence………….. 148 Presbyterian Board-Embarrassment of Sue· cess ….•..•..•••……•.•………..• 307 – – and Seli,c?'rist!an;;zation in India ..•… 231 – – In th!, Phl!tppme Islands. (a) Charles _ Missionaries, Hundred New …… · ….•.• 713 W. Bnggs •••..•..•……….•…..•.• 33 _ Progress in India…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 70 _ Reenforcement, Large …••••••……..•• 635 Self·s",stai~ing . Missi~ns ………………. 797 Shansl Umverslty, Chma, Dr. Timothy Richard _ Work at Luebo ……………… · ……. 554 and • •…•. • ••. . …….. ….. . . .C.h.~;l~s• 551 _ Work in Persia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Shantung, Ding, the Apostle of. Prisoners Apostle to •…………•..•…• 942 Problem 'Solving the (a) David McConoughy 923 . Ernest Scptt •.•••••••…………….. 125 Slam, Lat!' King of ..•……..•……….• 221 Progres; of Religion in the United States (a) – New King of ……………………… 70 Edwin Munsell Bliss••••..••.••••… ·•·. 18 Prospectus for 1912 •••.•••••….•……•• 937 – North, Looking up the Laos (a) W. CIif- . ton D,!dd •. : ..•••••..••……•…….• 351 PPrruosvsiidae,ncCe~reOroifenYt oiunth…in..•…•………… . ·· .. · … 862 SIamese Kmg, Gifts from……………… 626 · ·. .. ·.•• 387 Queensland Bible in the Schools of…….. 888 S!BERr~, .Kurds of ••••••••….••.•…••• 546 RRee~amdainng~, Unwholesome ………………… 701 SIdon, l':b.sslOl1:ary Far~ ~t ••••••……•.•… 230 John, .Bi.rth of……………….. 47 Slave·raldmg tn Abysslma .•••…………•. 483 ReIndeer as a MISSIonary Asset. • . . . . • . . . . . .. 863 Religions Differ, How the Great …………• 714 SLAVERY to Be Abolished ……………. 237 – Portuguese, Doomed in Africa ..•.•..•••• 566 -Great …••••••.•..•…•••••…..•…..• 546 Slavi" Invasion of Canada•. , …………..• 312 Rescue Missions, Convention of…………. 539 Rescuing Fallen Men ………..•.. ·· .. ;· .• • 794 Sleepmg-sick'1ess a Bar to Missions …..••.• 467 – – pecr~a~mg .. ,' …………………… 151 Results of Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · . · • 455 – – m LIVtngstoma ••••••.•…..•….. .• 308 Revivals in China, Recent (b) William N. Smyrna Burned, Girls' College at. ……. : .• 230 Brewster .•.••………………•.•…. 87 Rhenish Missionary Society…………….. 309 Social Ji:-:il in Japan ………………… 952 -S-oW cietlypfmorg.th~OPutropthaega.t.i.o.n. …… …….. .. 406 Richard Dr. Timothy, and Shansi Univer· of the Gos…e!.: .• 713 sity; China ………………….•….• 55l Song, A M,ss,onary .•••••..•………….• 490 Robert College to Date . . . . . . . . . . . . · · . · · . · . • 229 South African Government…………….. 633 ROMAN CATHOLIC Church in Malta ….., SOUJH AMERICA, Aborigines of (a) R. J. _ Catholic Countries, Missions to (a) Robert unt …………………………… 527 E. Speer ………………………… 167 –Movement in Poland ……..•……..• 163 – – Amazon Atrocities ………………. 943 __ -C!anthoJliacpiasm!" in France………… ·· .. ·… 65 SOUTH AFRICA, Y. W. C. A. in ……•..• 309 Korea and China, .•………• 235 – – Case for Missions in (a) Robert E. _ _ tn MeXICO •••••..••…..•..•………• 345 Speer •••• : •…..•…•..•……..•…. , 167 _ Catholics Leaving Their Churches . . . . . . . . 646 –Pr?gress m ……………….. ,…… 805 __ Want the Bible ………………….. 227 – Amencan Conference ………………. 542 Rome in Austria, Away from ……………. 474 and the Vati"an .. SP~~N 388 00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ Methodist CoJlege in .. , ……… ·· ……. 714 – urch and St~te _tn .. : ……………. " 65 Roosevelt's View of African Missions…….. S5 – Outlook. for M,ss,ons Ill …•••..••.•• ·•.•• 85 _ Professors and the Vatican …………•• 313 – U:nrest In Port~gal.and ……………•• 804 Rumania, Cave·dwellers in ……………. , 229 – .SlgnS of Prolntse tn ………………. 945 SPIritUal and Political Vision……….. . • 380 RUSSIA, American Jews in …………•..• 545 Stanley, Henry M., Birth of. ………… : . :. 49 – and the Jews………………. ··· .. · … 484 _ Baptist Harvest in …………… ··.·· ..• 474 ST~T~STICAL Tables-Correction …….. 318 _ Christianity in …………………….. 725 Statistics, Church in South Africa ……..• 556 _ Despair in ………………………… 153 – [acts and Flll'ures for 1910…………… . 1 _ Events in .•……………………•••. 804 – or ~909, C;hl!,ese ..•.•……………… 140 _ Great Baptist Reformation in ………• , •• 622 – ForeIgn Mls~l,nary ••………………. 540 – Jesuits in ………………………… 622 – L~th!,ran MISSIons •…•………….•..• 462 _ Jews in ••……………………….•• 780 – M,SSIOnary and Church •…………….• 140 _ Methodist Church in …………………. 545 -Numerical Strength of Islam ………… 304 _ Paganism Increasing in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 645 – of Scandinavian Missions (b) Louis _ Pastor Fettler as an Evangelist in. . . . . . . •. 622 _ Protestant Missionaries Entering …..•. ,., 85 Meyer ……. :.: ………….. ,……. 770 _ Remarkable Spiritual Movement in (a) – of Protestant M,ss,ons in Japan for Fifty William Olney ……………. · ……. 114 Years. A. Pieters ………………… 669 _ Salvation Army in ………….. ····· 545, 865 – of the Protestant Missionary Societies of —to Enter •………………….•.• 474 _ Signs of Life in……………………. 84 the Worl.d for 1910. D. L. Leonard….. 8 Russian Baptists Aggressive…………….. 153 – Some Afncan .. . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. …. 150 –Aid for " …•.. , ..•…………….. 794 Stewardship and Irresponsible Collectors…. 462 _ Census, Latest …………………….. 163 Stokes, Samuel, Jr.-Brotherhood of the Imi- _ Priest Unfrocked ………………….. 622 _ Universities, Trouble in……………•.. 388 tation of Jesus …………………… 147 – War on the Jews …………………… 229 Student Conference in Constantinople ……. , 404 Russians in New York, Work among …….. 791 – Volunteer Movemen~ Results …………. , 793 Salvation Army Active in Java ………….. 874 – VoJunteers, Austrahan •…………….. 86 – _ Hospital ……………………….. 871 – – for 1910; Sailed ………………….. 245 —in Japan ……………………. 952 – – TwentY-:lVe Years of the ………… 940 – – i n a New Field …………… · … · … 707 – Volunteers Great Year …………….. 861 _ _ in Russia ., •..•…………..•… 545, 865 Stude!!ts and ~is!rions in China………… 551 – – to Enter Russia…………… · ……. 474 – Astir for MiSSlons ••………………. 64 –Work, Growth of …………………. 712 – Da,. of Prayer for …………………. 153 Samoa Mission Self·supporting ……….•••• 477 – of Manchuria, Problem of the. F. W S Samoans as Evangelists …………….•. , 537 Samoan's Sermon, A ………………….. 538 O'Neill •• ",' " . , " .• , .•……..•…. .' .. : 118 San Salvador, Baptists to Enter………… , 542 – Returned Chtnese Christian …………. 141 Scandinavian Christians, Missionary Activity St'ldy Conferen".,,;. I.nternational Mission …• 943 – In Holland, lUSSIOp……………….. 228 of. (b) Louis Meyer ..•.•…………. 770 – World Tour for ¥,~slOn ……………•• 384 Sumatra. German MISSIons in…………… 76 – Good News from .•..••……..•••….•• 538 Sunday·school Convention, A Polygot …….• 861

PAGE PAGE.

Sunday-School, Missionary Policy _______ . _. 61 Union Missionary fraining on the Field – – Work in India, pushing ………….. , 7~~ (Editorial) • . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . … 57 —Three Years of. … ······· ., .•……• – of !iaptists an~ Free Baptis~s ………, .. 941 Swain, Dr. Clara, Arrival of, at Bare.lly, Ind.a 48 – ReVival Effort 111 SucHou, Ch111a………. 232 Sweden Missions •••.••……………….. 773 United Presbyterian Missions …..•..•.•.••. 635 UNITED STATES, Progress of Religion in -SYGRr:IeAa~ Good News from ………….. ···· 4~7j5g the (a) Edwin Munsell Bliss………… 18 Center. of Light …………….. – Universities Scheme for China. Thomas – M,ssion at S!don: ………….. ··.······ 6')3 Smith .•…•…………………….. 673 – Time of Test111g 111 ..•… ················ ~ Syrian Christian Convention at Mal'amana, 683 Unity, Christian, in Great Britain?………. 63 – in China, Christian ….•………•.. _. .. 142 Travancore. J. Stewart. ………….. ·· Tangier, Thriving Missions in ………….. · 46.+ Universal Races Congress……………… 802 University of Michigan Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Taylor's, Hudson, Work, Goes on ……….. · 864 Telugus, Dr. John E. Clough, the Apostle to Unsupported Missionaries ……………..• 379 Urumia, . Persia, Boys' School in ………… 866 the (a) Henry C. Mabie …………… · 103 VUerurbnedci1k, New Missi on in …… . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 470 TEMPERANCE in Germany ………….. 228 Guido F., Birth of… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 _ Sentiment Phenomenal Growth of. …… · 713 Vision, Spiritual and PoliticaL ………….. 380 Tbakombau, 'Baptism of. ..•………….. ·· 46 Waldensian Church in Italy (a) Minnie J. Tibet Be Opened? W.ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 403 _ Reforms to Come to .. ·………………. 708 Reynolds ………………………… 597 TTiinmneevfeolrly,WGorokoda.n~dewWs orfsrhoimp ..:. …. ……. · • 463 WaldmeierA. Theophilo ….•……………. 464 .•. : ……. . • 147 Wanoro- Story of East Africa. Josephine B. Hope ….•.•••••••……………. 445 Togoland, SuperstitIOn .DecreaS111g m ……. • 469 War at Hand? Is the Abolition of……. . .• 634 Toronto Churches MOV111g on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 155 Training of Missionaries ……………… 621 Warneck Gustav (a) Julius Richter ……… 204 Warneck s Epigrams, Dr. • ••….•………• 714 – of the Foreign Missionary (b) Homer B. 507 – Missionary Epig.rams, Dr. Gustav ……..• 672 _ OI~I~~~e]iield' 'U;;i~;" Mi;;i~;'~~~' (Edit~;i~ij 57 Waste Material, Using ••••••………… ,. 566 Week of Prayer, Beginnin~ of the……….. 46 _ School New' Missionary ..••………•… · 224 Wesleyan Methodist MiSSIOnary Society….. 955 Transvaai New Station in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·· 310 West Africa, Good Sign in ••…………..• 244 Treasurie~, Mission.ary-What Is the Trouble 620 TriJ;l"li and Its. ~lsslOns … . .. . … . ……. 931 Widowhood in India ………………….. 624 Woman and the Regeneration of India. (a) _ War and MISSIOns 111 ..•…………… · 801 E. M. Wherry……………………. 262 Tsetse Fly, Fli.ght fr,?m. the …. : ………… 467 W<lman's Jubilee Campaign. (a) Helen Barrett Tubingen Medical MISSIOn Institute……… 313 Montgomery •….•..•…………….. 407 Tucker, Bishop, and Uganda………….. ·· 469 – Life in Africa Ca) M. E. Ritzman …….• 425 – – i n China (a) M. E. Ritzman ………. 93 TURKEY, American Schools in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 – Society, Jubilee of a ..•…….•………• 224' _ and Zionism •••…..•.•………….••. 390 – Union Missionary Society of America….. 224 _ Bedouin Revolt at Kerak ……..•…….. 230 _ Bible in …………………………. 783 WOMEN, Heathen, in the New H,brides. T. Watt Leggatt ………………….. 776 _ Critical Days in ………………….. 883 _ Day of Opp.ortunity in .••………•.. ··· 83 – in China, Facts Concerning………….. 787 _ Education in .•..•…..•……………. 164 – in Missions ………………………. 463 _ Euphrates College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 149 – of China, Education of the. Effie Muriel _ Government and Mission Schools in (b) Bond …………………………… 524 Charles T. Riggs …………………. 363 – Progress among India's Women ……….. 644 _ Greek Church in …………. :…….. 884 – Rights of Moslem ………………….. 149 _ M!ssjon S~hools in High Esteem m ….. ·· 865 – Turkish, Coming to Their Own……….. 67 _ MISSIons In ••……•………………. 801 Women's Missionary Jubilee ………….. 245 _ Nuggets from ..•………………….. 611 – Work in Germany…………………. 66 _ Outlook in ……………………….. 244 – – Semi-centennial of ………………. 310 _ Reaction in ………..•…………••.. 782 World Christian Student Conference . . . . . . . . . 154 _ Religion of the Dersim Kurds (a) Henry – for 1910, Statistics of the Protestant Mis- H. Riggs ……………………….. 734 sionary Societies of the. D. L. Leonard 8 _ School for the Deaf in ……………… 305 – in Boston …•.•..••••……………. 61, 405 _ Shadow and Sunshine in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · 564 – – Seeing the (b) Frank W. Harold …… 194 _ Some Progress in ..••………………. 865 – On Tour ….••……••…………..•. 635 _ Then and Now …………………… 623 – Tour for Mission Study ……………… 384 _ To Have Public Schools .•………….. ·· 67 Year 1910 in Missions (a) Julius Richter…. 7 _ Worth While? Are Missions in ……….. 230 Yor!. Missionary Conference at…………. 863 Turkish Atrocities •••..••••••…. ,…….. 854 Y. M. C. A. Foreign Work, Gifts for. ……• 223 _ Moslems Invading Chicago ….. '…… , . . . 62 – Great German •.•………………….• 387 _ Women Coming to Their Own………… 67 – in China •••…••………………….. 562 Turks Outlook for the young……. . . . . . . .. 708 – in London •.••……………………• 313 – Korea, Activity of ………………..• 953 Typho'id, Inoculating Missionaries for. …… 152 – Negro and the …..•………………..• 311 – Secretaries, Chinese ……………….. 869 UGANDA, Bishop' Tucker and …•…….. · 469 – World-Work………………………. 61 _ By Motor Car 111 .•••••••••••……….. 632 Young Men in the East ……………….• 641 _ Converts by the Hundred in ………….. 789 – People's Missionary Movement……….. 61 _ Fift)' Years' Growth in ……………… 469 Y. W. C. A. in South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 _ Land of the Death-shade …………… ·. 369 Zenana Bible and Medical Mission ………. , 387 _ N.otab~e C,nfirmation in ••••••………..• 470 _ Situatton 111 …. ………………….. 75 Zionism Moving on …………………..• 864 Union, Church, in Educatio"!- •••………… 151 – Turkey and ••…..•••••…………..•• 390 _ College at Banlf'llore, IndIa …………. 231 Zulu Evangelist ..•………..•••….•….• 467 _ in Ceylon, Chnstian•••••………….. ·• 147 – Missions, Diamond Juhilee for the .••….• 634 _ in China, Church …………………• 882 – Preachers in Africa, Traininl' for .••….. , 237 _ _ Progress Toward Church ………….. 949

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1911

CURTIS HEPBURN AT EIGHTY-SIX

C£he ~issionary CJ?..eview

of the World PubliMhe…. by Funk and Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Fu~it.~3J"St~~:I~JIce-Pres.t Robert J. Cuddihy, Tnu., Robm 800«, See'Y), VOL. XXXIV. No. 12 DECEMBER, 191 I VOL. XXIV. No. 12 Old Series New Sni..

SIGNS OF THE TIMES¥ THE CHINESE CALDRON large centers came into rebel hands. The alarm of the Government and the The rebellion in China has become inability of the officials to control the a revolution with astonishing success situation has led to the suggestion and rapid progress for the anti-Man- of a compromise with the revolutionchu faction. This uprising is radically ary leaders, including the appointment different from the Boxer riots eleven of progressive ministers and viceroys, years ago. Those were anti-foreign and the immediate institution of a national reactionary. The leaders were unedu- elective parliament (perchance even cated, superstitious fanatics. This re- with woman-suffrage) and other probellion is anti-Manchu and progres- gressive reforms. Yuan Shih Kai, sive. Protection is promised to for- who has been in disgrace, and is a eigners, and the aim is to throw off the Chinese, not a Manchu, has been Manchu yoke, which the Chinese have called to take charge of the governbeen wearing for nearly three hun- ment forces, and appears to be in dred years, and to establish a modern sympathy with the revolutionary representative government-some say ideals. Word comes by cable that a to be modeled after that of the United constitution has been granted for im- States. The rebellion has been skil- mediate operation, and that other fully planned and financed, and proves sweeping reforms will be immediately that the Chinese have awakened and instituted. desire progress. The leaders are educated and capable and are carrying It is too early as yet to definitely the masses of the people with them. predict the outcome, but China is a force to be reckoned with more than The uprising first showed itself in ever in the future of world politics. Cheng-tu, the capital of the far-west- Missionary work has been temporarily ern province of Sz-chuan. It gained interfered with during the disturbstrength as it advanced down the ances, but the missionaries and Chris- Yangtse Valley, driving the govern- tians have not been molested. There ment troops before it or inducing them is no indication that a success of the to desert to the rebel standard. The revolutionary party will be detrimental capture of Hankow and the neighbor- to the progress of Christianity; in fact, ing cities was the signal for other up- except in so far as materialism inrisings in various provinces, until Fu- creases, there is reason to expect in~ chau, Nanking, Canton and other * The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprelt, or positions taken by contributors to these pages.-EDITORS. creased justice in courts of law, ad- for New China, while the officials and vancement in modern education, members of the Provincial Anti- greater liberty of speech and of the Opium Society made addresses. The press, and more fredom in religious American consul, the German vice- work and worship. There is great consul, and a representative of the need for earnest prayer for the mis- Russian consul exprest their sympa- sionaries and Chinese Christians, that thy with the Chinese reformers, and the they may be protected an~ divinely Secretary of the International Reform guided and strengthened in these try- Bureau made an address in Chinese.

ing times of war and in the readjust- It is quite certain that this first pipe- ment during the days to come. burning in Tientsin will be followed In China to-day there are 4,197 for- by others soon, because the people are eign missionaries and 12,108 Chinese determined to do away with the opium Christian workers. The mission sta- curse, and it is being reported that in tions and outstations number 4,350, the near future (if the revolution does organized churches 2,027, and com- not prevent) a great pipe-burning will municants 177,774. The total native be held in Peking under the auspices Christian community numbers nearly of the Central Anti-Opium Society.

half a million. The progress during CHURCH UNION IN CHINA the last ten years since the Boxer The joint committee of the English uprising has been remarkable, for Baptist and the American Presby- there has been one hundred per cent. terian Missions regarding the Union advance in practically every line of Church in Tsinan, China, has issued Christian work. In some instances its report. It proposes one united the advance has been more like a thou- Protestant Christian Church for the sand per cent. whole of Tsinan city and suburbs, and the use of the present mission chapels CHINESE MOVEMENT AGAINST until special buildings are provided. OPIUM Entrance into the Union Church shall The movement against opium is be "'by either of the recognized forms growing in strength and zeal in all of baptism at the option of the candi- parts of the Chinese Empire. Near date, it being understood that baptism the close of August ten thousand peo- by immersion only shall be practis.ed ple, citizens and officials of the great in property owned by the English Bap- city of Tientsin, gathered at the Ath- tist Mission." Members of any evan- letic Field, in front of'the Nan Kai gelical church shall be received on cer- Middle Schools, to witness and cele- tificate. The spiritual affairs of the brate the first public burning of opium Union Church shall be administered pipes and other smoking accessories. by a council consisting of the pastor A Chinese band played patriotic tunes, and other church officers, and, in ad- while over one thousand pipes, some dition, two ordained ministers, one of them very valuable and finely fash- appointed by the Tsinan Presbytery ioned in brass or fitted with ivory and and the other by the Baptist Union.

jade stones, were destroyed in a bla- Territory in the Licheng county is to zing fire. The enthusiastic crowd be allotted to the Church for future cheered loudly for the Emperor and evangelistic work.

OF THE

CRITICAL DAYS IN TURKEY tilies this course by recital of the abominations of Abd ul Hamid, which Professor Hugh Black the other the Young Turk administration hates day, in speaking about the religious as sincerely as Italy can. It has thus outlook in the United States, re- inflamecl the best as well as the worst marked that the problems now faced elements of the Turkish nation. by our people, whether political or social, in the encl, are all problems of What we class as the worst element religion. In a different but real sense of the Turkish nation is worst in one the questions which threaten the foun- respect only. It is that mass of indations of the Turkish Empire are all dustrious, according to their light, religious questions. The press every- God-fearing, but untaught people who where has noted the meaning of this make up the greatest part of the popfact to England and France, the great ulation. Only the educated know of Mohammedan powers of to-day. Dut obstacles to a holy war of extermiwe would call attention to the influ- nation upon Christendom. Ordinary ence of the fact upon Christians liv- TurKish peasants heartily believe that ing in Turkey, and especially upon God has appointed a simple rul-e for our missionaries isolated in its inte- relations with Christians or other unrior provinces. helievers. It is the rule that fixes the relation of aNew Zealand farmer to Because Turkey is a Mohammedan rabbits: "Let them alone if you must; state jurisprudence, politics, social get along with them if you can; but ethics, all fall into one classification if through number and activity they as the service of God. All are inter- occupy the land which God has given pretations of the Koran. The ulti- to you, kill them all. A rabbit is a mate principle underlying the foreign rabbit whether he has or has not acturelations, for instance, of such a state ally eaten your crops." Men of such is that of God's message to Saul by heliefs whom a time of turmoil frees the hand of Samuel: "The Lord sent from government restraint may be led thee on a journey, and said, 'Go and by their piety to lynch unbelievers utterly destroy the sinners the Amal- who are handy while the aggressive ekites, and fight against them ulltil unbelievers are out of reach. they be consumed." This is considered the policy ordained of God toward all Now, the point of these somewhat nations that are outside of Islam. It trite suggestions is that between four is held in abeyance when peace is and five hundred missionaries-men more profitable to the state, but it and women, and chiefly Americansfinds ardent champions in Turkey are stationed in small groups all over whenever war breaks out. Turkey. They have adapted their lives and their methods to the re- The Italian attack on Tripoli is quirements of the Government, they more than the seizure of a valuecl are respected by all who know them, province. It also attacks the effort of and they are on friendly terms with Turkey to reform itself. It takes ad- :Mohammedans of high and low devantage of the weakness inseparable gree. But if, as is quite possible, from so tremendous a' ch~nge~ Italian enterprises in Tripoli cause an from the arbitrary to the constitu- uprising of the Moslem proletariat in tional form of government, and jus-

Turkey; or if, as European politicians nesses of the Greek Church, viz., neg- fear, the Turkish provinces in the lect of the Bible, formalism of WOf- Balkan peninsula begin to crumble ship, and an uneducated clergy. He under pressure from their small but therefore cordially welcomes the new- exigent neighbors; if, in short, an- ly organized society as a forward step archy takes the place of government by those priests and lay members who in Turkey, the position of our mis- love the Church and are trying to sionaries may become intensely peril- bring about a revival within her and ous. return to the great ideals of primitive Christianity. These are the facts. They should not beget panic, nor lead to unpracti- The organization of this society in cal appeals to the President for an Constantinople is an important and impossible protection. The only ef- hopeful sign of the times. fective appeal is to God. In full faith that the divine love will not leave BULGARIA AWAKENING these missionaries to the tender mercies of infuriated Mohammedan A large four-page appeal has just devotees, let us make earnest prayer been printed and scattered broadcast that not a hair of their heads shall over Bulgaria. It is addrest to the perish. members of the Orthodox Church in that country, and it is signed, "From THE GREEK CHURCH IN TURKEY a group of humble Orthodox Chris- tians, who, realizing that the truth has Priests and members of the Greek not been presented here as it should Orthodox Church in Constantinople be, beg those who are informed on have founded a religious society to this most vital question to do what is which they have given the significant necessary. If not, God's greatest title "Restitution." Its aims are the wrath will be poured upon them. strengthening of the spiritual life of Awake, oh, Orthodox Christian." the members, the purification of the services and worship, and the amelio- This "most vital question" is: First, ration of the character and life of the that the Church is meant to be God's clergy of the Church. The organizers chief instrument for elevating manof the society are men of such high kind; second, it consists only of twicestanding that a writer in Pro-ados (a born and constantly growing true be- Greek daily published in Constanti- lievers; third, its ministers' chief aim nople) says that their very names give must be to bring sinners to Christ by assurance of full consciousness of the means of preaching; fourth, the presseriousness of the work thus under- ent ministry of the Orthodox Church taken and of an earnest endeavor to ac- contains many men without this aim, complish it. The same writer complains who pervert the teachings of Christ; that Greek Christians have hitherto fifth, these ministers must not be tolneglected to use Christianity as the erated; sixth, the nation is suffering mighty means for social reform, be- because of its neglect of God's law, cause, as he puts it, "they have the and no improvement is possible withshadow of religion, but little real life," out the apprehension and practical apand he points out present-day weak- plication of Christian teaching. All Orthodox Christians, both pastors and

OF THE TIMES

people, are bound to work for the ready at work, into the territories as purifying of the so-called Christian yet unevangelized."

community, that it may become a At the time of the meetings of the worthy part of the Church of Christ, conference next June, the South Afri- which tolerates nothing impure. can Parliament will be in session, and Heavy indictments are brought public attention will be directed to against the Church in the appeal, and mission work as a mighty factor in the whole document has been written the development of the new nation with great earnestness and with much in South Africa. Dr. John Mott, of pain of heart. It is full of Scripture New York, and Dr. Julius Richter, quotations, but its strength lies in the of Germany, have been invited to be fact that its writers know that there present. Public meetings will be ar- is a large body of people within the ranged in which the most eminent Orthodox Church in Bulgaria who South African public men are ex- grieve over present conditions and pected to take part. A missionary who need only quickening from on exposition will also be organized, at high and a capable leader to bring which scenes from native life will be about the needed great reformation. depicted, methods of mission work Thus, the appeal must bring results by illustrated, and demonstrations given the blessing of God. of the instruction imparted at mission- ADVANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA ary institutions in trades and handi- crafts. In this way the public will be The next triennial meeting of the enlightened as to the work actually South African General Missionary being done by the missionary agencies Conference, representing all mission- of South A frica, and public interest ary societies, will be held in the sub- and sympathy will be stimulated in continent, in Cape Town, during the missionary undertakings.

first week of July, 1912. Preparation THE AFFAIRS ON THE KONGO for these meetings is being made by a series of commissions, on the lines of According to the London Christian, the Edinburgh Conference Commis- the friends of the Anti-Slavery and sions, appointed to gather data and Aborigines Protection Society have re- formulate resolutions for discussion ceived from their own messenger, Rev.

by the General Conference. One of J. H. Harris, their first report upon the most important of these commis- the present condition of the Upper sions is that on Survey and Occupa- Kongo. His impressions are based tion. Rev. J. Du Plesis writes that upon observations taken during a jour- "it has been conclusively shown that ney of 1,200 miles. Belgium is seem- considerable areas of South Africa, ingly anxious to wipe out as soon as south of the Zambesi and Cunene· possible the bitter memories of the rivers, are still unoccupied, or at least past. Of course, the work of reform but very partially occupied, by mis- is not complete, but some instalments sionary agencies, and it is hoped that of justice have arrived, and others are the Commission's report will lead to a at hand. It is reported that a great distinct forward movement, on the British firm of soap-makers will es- part of the missionary societies al- tablish business on the Aruwimi River,

where the oil-producing palm abounds. everywhere, and cannibalism in some This would improve matters in the places. To-day 300 teachers are em- Kongo State very much, we believe. ployed in the day-schools of Basuto- land, and about one-fourth of all ito; Reports in German daily papers, inhabitants are more or less close1 however, do not sound quite as favor- connected with the missionaries upon the 201 missionary stations. There able as those of Rev. J. H. Harris, are now 17 native ordained ministers, and the Christian natives contribute tho they do not deny the goodwill of amout $20,000 annually to the supthe Belgian Government itself. port of the work. The increase in the number of native members of the MOSLEM MENACE IN SOUTH AFRICA congregation was 2,100 in 1910, and the Bible League, founded for the The advance of Islam southward in study of the Bible, has 4,500 mem- Africa has been frequently noted by bers already. us, but we have little suspected that even in South Africa proper its prop- THE SIGNS OF DAWN IN INDIA aganda is reaching out. It has been Professor Harlan P. Beach, of Yale discovered that there are as many as University, expresses his belief that 40,000 Mohammedans in that portion there is a strong movement toward the of the Dark Continent. At the meet- religion of Christ, without its name, ing of the Students' Christian Associ- in India. A member of the theistic ation, recently held at Graaf Reinet, society, the Brahmo Somaj, met a misand attended by 200 delegates, the sionary on Christmas day and told threatening spread of Islam in South him that the members of that society Africa were freely discust, and resolu- were meeting by twos and threes to tions were passed which urgently call talk about Jesus Christ, and to pray for a great increase in the number of to Him. Professor Beach's belief is student volunteers for the mission shared by Rev. Robert A. Hume, who field. In answer to the call the num- for thirty-seven years has been a resiher of volunteers (twenty at the be- dent in western India, who calls atginning of the meeting) was increased tention especially to the wonderful soby thirty-four others, while twenty cial advancement of India's women, more committed themselves to the and declares that the centuries of same purpose, but must wait one year stagnation have come to an end. or more in order to be of the required Women's clubs for social intercourse age before signing. and intellectual improvement are springing up all over India, and Eu- CHANGES IN BASUTOLAND ropeans, Parsees, Mohammedans and Jews are mingling thus. Child mar- Little Basutoland, in South Africa, riages, the giant wo of India's mycontains less than a half million of riads of child widows, are on the deheathen inhabitants, who are ruled cline, and some Hindu conferences by native chiefs under the oversight have discust petitions to the governof a British Resident Commissioner. ment for a law prohibiting the mar- Eighty years ago its head chief asked the Paris Missionary Society to send riage of girls under fourteen. 11r. some "men of peace" into his country, and its missionaries commenced work in 1833. They found dark heathenism and gross ignorance

Hurne stated that the age of a Chris- tianity has been going on for some tian Hindu bride in Ahrnednagar, his time, and it has been stated that during home city, is seventeen, and he de- the past forty years 350,000 of them clared that the influence of the Pan- have become Christians in South Indita Ramabai and of her faithful work dia alone. Christian missionaries have for high-caste child widows at Poona, paid special attention to the work near Bombay, since r889, is thus felt among these downtrodden people, and throughout India. In proof of the Bishop Whitehead, of Madras, stated fact that India's moral atmosphere is that he anticipated an influx of some changing, the Seva Sadan, or the thirty millions of them into the Chris- "Home of Service," in Bombay, was tian Church within the next fifty years. founded by a Parsee for the same kind The elevating influence which Chrisof service which Ramabai instituted, tianity has had upon these people and numerous other cases in India have naturally aroused {he attention show the-~appearance of a new spirit of unconverted, high-caste people in and signs of a new day among its mul- India and have stirred them into actitudes of heathen inhabitants. This tivity in behalf of the opprest masses, • condition is hopeful if these reforms and a largely attended conference in are prompted and permeated by the their behalf was held in Madras on spirit of Christ, otherwise they offer July 8. The chairman, a prominent no permanent relief, for they give the Brahman, Mr. G. A. Natesan, delivered fruits of Christianity without the a remarkable address in answer to an roots. There is no salvation for this address of welcome read by a Pariah, 'world or fot- the next apart from Jesus Mr. Israel Nallappen. He called at- Christ. tention to the pitiful state of the op- prest masses, to the low wages for RAISING THE OUTCASTES IN INDIA which they are forced to labor long hours in the burning sun, to the tre- One of the greatest problems in the mendous prejudice against them which Indian Empire is that of the deprest prevails in every part of India, and, classes. There are fifty millions of remarkable to the eyes of a Braham, them-men, women and children, to the change which takes pl~ce in ignorant and poor, illiterate and these people themselves and in their despised, treated like slaves, yea, con- general condition when they embrace sidered unworthy to be touched, and Christianity. He closed with an apliving in an awful state of moral de- peal to Hindus to change their atticay. The condition of these masses tude toward these fifty millions of is especially bad in South India, where casteless people, implying that there is it is continually imprest upon them danger of vast numbers of them jointhat they belong to a lower order of ing the ranks of the Christians. beings than the members of the castes, and where they are frequently for- The conference passed a set of seven bidden the use of the common well resolutions, which refer to the pitiful and sometimes even the use of the condition of the Indian outcasts and common pond. to means by which this condition could be improved, and which are to be sub- Among this great outcast population mitted to the Indian Government. an extensive movement toward Chris-

These resolutions can not be expeoted town to town, and have already suc- to help much in improving the attitude ceeded in collecting 6,000,000 rupees, of Hindus generally toward casteless the rich Mohammedan princes of people, for the remedy lies only in northern India contributing large the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ; sums. These agents call education but the very fact that such a con- the only salvation of Mohammedanference could be held shows that the ism in India, and predict that, after spirit of Christianity is beginning to the founding of the great university permeate these people and that the at Aligarh, smaller Mohammedan colholy Brahman and the large property- ltges will spring up in every part of owner are willing to come down from the Indian Empire, especially in their lofty height of pride and super- Malabar and Cochin, where the misstitution to help the downtrodden sionaries of the Basel Society are ma- Pariah and to attempt to lift him out king gains among Moslems. of his poverty and ignorance and dirt. THE BIBLE IN THE SCHOOLS OF So~e of the Indian papers called QUEENSLAND the conference a sly attempt of native Christians, especially of those em- Some time ago the people of ployed in missionary efforts, to prop- Queensland decided, as a result of a agate their doctrines. The chairman referendum, to abolish the purely was not a Christian, and Brahmans secular education in the primary discust the needs of the opprest schools and to allow all religious masses, Pariahs appeared before the bodies to teach their own children durpublic pleading for their downtroddel. ing school hours. In a recent address brethren, while the audience was COI11- to his synod the Bishop of Rockhampposed chiefly of heathen Hindus of all ton referred to the result of the educlasses. Not many years ago such a cation Act and said: "We may truly conference would have been impos- regard this as a great gift from God sible. to all among us who love Him and seek His grace. The Bible will be INDIAN MOSLEMS ASKING taught undenominationally-that is, EDUCATION without standard or formula-in the ordinary school course. But the stand- A missionary of the Basel Mission- ard of the Church's teaching must be ary Society calls attention to the the quite definite standard of the awakening desire for secular educa- Church Catechism." The Bishop paid tion among Mohammedans in East a compliment to the faithfulness of India. During many years they were the clergy in teaching the children dilibitterly opposed to it, but now they gently week by week, and he exprest are proposing to found a great Mo- his high appreciation of the exceeding hammedan university at Aligart, for courtesy and kindness of the head which they ask 10,000,000 rupees, or teachers. The results of the Educamore than $3,000,000, from the fol- tion Act are very satisfactory_ lowers of the false prophet in all India. Agents are traveling from

TEMPLE WHERE DR. HEPBt:RN FIRST LIVED IN JAPAN. 1859-1863

JAMES CURTIS HEPBURN PIONEER OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN JAPAN IlY REV. W M. ELLIOT GRIFFIS, D.D ..• ITILC., N. Y• .l1thur of "'The :Jikado~s Empire," "Tel"beck of Japan," e tc.

The Japan which Dr. Hepburn saw of in the most obscene l11anner imagand wrought mightily to transform inable. had, by the year 1870, yielded was one of which the present gener- to the pressure of foreign opinion. ation of Japanese know nothing. To the Mikado's 65,000,000 subjects In those days probably every third (who in Hawaii and the United States person in Japan was pitted by smallnumber about 140,000 of the I50,000 pox, and adults and children with open away from home, in the Occident), the sores moved among the populace, tho period 1858 to 1868 is as unknown, the babies usually had on a yellow cap except by vague tradition, as are the as a mark of possible danger. Infecda.rs of Peter Stuyvesant to the aver- tious diseases of the most horrible sort age dweller on Manhattan. Never- were far from l1ncommon. On the theless that era, in which both society highroad beggars were both 11Lunerand population were virtually as sta- ous and clamorous. It was not custionary as they had been for a hun- tomary to help a human being of this dred years previous, was what the class when he was drowning, or likely writer actually saw. Such judicial to rid society of the burden of his keep, proceedings as the burning of the par- or to listen to his prayers if in danricide and incendiary, and the public ger; to cut him down as a dog was processions in which phallic symbols not uncommon. Then human life was were openly displayed and made use considered of very little worth out- side of the armed classes. The uni-

versal wearing of swords by samurai In a word, modern and ancient ideas boys and men, who paid no taxes or were daily at war. To keep the peace tolls, reminded one of the medieval required wisdom at Yeddo and selfcustoms of our forefathers. The pro- control on both sides. pensity of the sword to leave its sheath was evident in the bloody faces Into such a land, in such an era, and the bodies of many a dog on which J ames Curtis Hepburn, M.D., came with purpose, consecration and equip- MRS. JAMES C. HEPBURN ment. He was one of the first and most potent of men to hurry into obthe sword-owner had tried his skiIl,- livion things uncanny and brutal, to with more or less success. The ven- banish diseases, wide-spread but too detta, the sword duel, the tempering of vile to be named in print, and to usher arbitrary government by assassination in the day when Japan, as one of the of obnoxious officials, the common Great Powers of the world, should sight of dead bodies lying in the high lead in public hygiene, in successful road, with certain unmentionable surgery and in breaking all records in popular habits, formed part of the rec- saving the lives of the wounded in ognized order of society. war. Not one public hospital was known in the empire in 1859, where- All foreigners were looked upon as to-day there are over a thousand, with suspicion and hostility. Conces- and, without costing half as much as ..ions of land for the formation of set- those in America, probably do as good tlements at the treaty ports, however work. When China went to war with authorized by diplomacy, were sus- Japan in r894, she had no hospital pected to mean their ultimate posses- corps or provision of surgeons or sion by foreigners. As for mission- medicines. Happy was the soldier aries, they were almost universally killed outright, for terrible were the supposed to be the emissaries of for- sufferings of the men who crawled off eign governments and sent out to fa- to die or lived with unextracted balls cilitate the conquest of the country. in agony for years.

Young men of the Japan of to-day may sneer at missionaries, boast of their country's progress, and wonder whether those of us who tell of these things that they saw with their own eyes are not drawing the long bow, are jaundiced by race pride, or are dealing with fiction. Yet the writer was not only familiar with the sea- port life and that in the capital during three years, but, even more than Dr. Hepburn, saw the interior of the country during many journeys and a life of one year in Fukui, away from the foreigners.

Probably no sights are visible to-

CURTIS

day such as those which I beheld many jority a, palace of delight into which times in the doctor's dispensary at memory loved often to reenter. Yok:ohama. In a room able to hold Around the walls were comforting about a hundred persons, in which, passages from the Book of Books, during fifteen years, from twenty to rich promises, words of hope and ten- seventy-five gathered daily, stood this quiet, forceful man. Without fuss or iN 01,D J APA.' visible. emotion, tho not without real One of Dr. Hepburn's New-Year Callers in the sympathy and profoundest pity, he did his work of relief. Around him were Seventies. (A Boy and His Servant) from five to fifteen young men, young Japanese M.D.'s of the future, who der consolation, messages from the were preparing medicines, assisting Gr~at Physician, so that waiting time in surgery or with bandages, dress- and fruitful opportunity made this ings, or in preparation of the patients, room often the very gate of Heaven they helped the doctor in one way or to souls, whose ransom from the powanother, while themselves learning. er of guilt, suffering and darkness In the company, waiting their turn, began here. Yes, that dispensary was human beings of every condition, age, a Bethel to many Japanese. Dr. Hepand sex showed the marks of sin, burn's problems were not geographimisery, accident, or infection. cal, ethnic, or philosophical, but imme- diate and human. Here was an old man, hoping for relief from some chronic disease, and Intensely human himself, out of his perhaps only too ready to show the heart flowed streams of sympathy, limb or organ that needed the atten- help and healing. He and his wife tion of science and skill; here were mothers holding their sick babies in beseeching inquest of the doctor's face for a ray of hope-the eyes, it might be, of the little ones eaten out with smalJpox, or even a worse disease; while the maternal eyes were "homes of silent prayer." I can never forget those piercing looks into the doctor's face. Too often their piteous petitions were of no avail. Disease had gone too far and death was prompt and merciful. Happy, indeed, was the doctor himself, when by a pinch of powder, a bolus, a lotion, a dressing of salve, or a surgical operation, he could bring joy and hope. One need not go into the detail concerning what was at first a chamber of horrors, in which every sense was offended, but which became to the ma-

made their home one of abounding You might disagree with him and he hospitality. Under his roof, whether with you. Questions of policy might they were lovers beginning, or lovers arise when discussion was warm, but mated during long years of mutual no man could be an enemy to Dr. burden-bearing, inquirers or visitors, Hepburn unless he was himself a lovscholars or com111on people, children er of enmity and strife. vVhether for individuals or the nation, Hepburn's A JAPANESE BEGGAR work, in quality, was that of a master. 1t is no exaggeration to say that for Dr. Hepburn l.{inistered to ::vJany of these in Japan the Japanese born, since 1880, he, under God, made of this one a difor the aged friends of missions OJ" ferent world. critics and enemies, all who came felt the power of his sympathy, whether vVho was this man? Physician, given by look, or word, or by the lexicographer, translator of the Bible, application of science and skill. friend of beggars and emperors, and – oh noble task !-conciliator of mis- Rarely did Dr. Hepburn do any- sionary and merchant-he ,,,as allays thing in the line of duty, but that a referred to in Japan as "kunshin"- rill of sympathy went with the doing. the righteous and noble gentleman, and in East Orange, N. J., for nine- teen years as the sunny elder of the Presbyterian Church. He was a pioneer of American science and Christianity ill Japan, and the leader of that group of four mighty men of faith and valor, of whom Verbeck, Villiams and Brown were the other three, who for twelve years, from 1859 to 187 I. had the mission field of Japan pretty much all to themselves. These men were almost forgotten at home during our Civil Var and were obliged perforce to send their letters by way of Eng'land, because the Ala- bama was sweeping American com- merce off the seas. Some of them were compelled for a while to earn their own living. They were the wisest of the wise in that they sought not to call the noble and the mighty first to the Gospel feast. Going out into the highways and hedges, and taking hold of the boys, they helped to make the better kind of a Japan of which none of the native philoso-

CURnS

phers, seers or political martyrs-and l1ate, entered the medical department these were many-ever dreamed. of the University of Pennsylvania,- James Curtis Hepburn, M.D., LL.D., Ben Fr'anklin's noblest monument.

wearing the decoration of the third I!l the university he openly profest degree in the Order of the Rising Christ and made a real consecration Sun, from the Emperor of Japan, and of himself to the }Jaster. Of all the forever enshrined in the hearts of the men with whom I have come in con- Japanese people, was born in the vii tact, none more signally illustrated the lage of Milton, on the Susquehann'l dictum of Carlyle, "Blessed is the man River, in Northumberland County, that hath found his work, let him ask Pa., on March 13, 1815. :5 one no other blessedness," This was what might almost suppose from his name, sustained Dr. Hepburn through his his parents were Presbyterians, and unwearied and ceaseless labors. No when his father, a lawyer, eager that matter which way his tastes ran, his his son should be a lawyer also, :sent sympathies were always in the line of him to college, it was Princeton t <) his duty; and, because it was his which, at thirteen, the lad traveled in greatest pleasure, he seemed to dig- a stage coach. nify that work. It is true that SOme Pleading at the bar would require thought him cold–blooded, because he some oratorical power, and this the kept himself so unremittingly and sys- Hepburn boy or man never passest… tematically at toil; but, probably, He distrusted himself then, and, even these were the most frivolous and in later years, when American Chris- those whom the world could most tians were hungry for news fr0111 J a- easily spare. Certainly Japan became pan and the prospects of the king- gradually better because, from 5 A.M.

dom's coming were very dark. When to IO P.M. through those thirty-three this watchman, visiting at home, was years spent on the soil of Nippon, Dr.

asked "What of the night ?" he, after Hepburn kept to his work with the having been, almost by main force, in- tenacity of an ivy vine to a wall; tho duced to enter a pulpit to speak, he in the human hearts of which this rose trembling and succeeded three servant of Chl'ist was Master, his times in getting as far as to say "My name was as fragrant as a cherry- dear friends." Then he retreated, and blossom.

sat down, refusing to get up again. In the hands of the :.lmighty Dis- Xevertheless, having but five talents poser of Events, two fellow students instead of ten, he buried none. As . at the University were as the rudder teacher, in council, and where speech, to this life-ship, directing its course.

not of an oratorical, but of a deliber- One was the father of General Sal11- ative kind was required, Dr. Hepburn .uel Armstrong, long the president of always spoke with force brevity, Hampton Institute and an early mis- clarity, and to the point. He re- sionary to Hawaii. The other was minded me of John Hall in council, Matthew Loard, who went out to whose every word seemed to weigh Africa as a missionary and gave his a pound. young life for what is to-day the Choosing medicihe as his future Continent of Hope. But, back of all profession, Hepburn, the college grad- influences, invisible, like the energy

THE JAPANE5E nOCTOR OF THE OLD scHOOL (OR NO SCHOOL) that does not depend upon wires or years. It is very difficult to put down poles for transmission into messages in cold blood what Mrs. Hepburn was of light, was the influence of his as host, friend, presiding spirit at the mother. At the head of a band of table, the home and in social life at women who prayed for the coming of Yokohama in "the seventies." In the kingdom, she did not fail to let those days, when American ladies in her son know her own heart's desire Eastern lands were few and far beconcerning him. tween, she was often spoken of, on our war ships, as "The Mother of the These were the days of Harriet American Navy." Many a young Newall. No illustrations of the pow- officer was saved from folly, impurity er of spirit over matter appeal to the and dissipation by her kindly words. writer more than the fact that, before In the new settlement she was Dorhe was born, many American young cas, Martha, and Mary in one. Not women, his mother among others, a few homesick and heartbroken men were filled with a desiire to carry were set forward in life, with a new Christ's gospel abroad, because of song in their hearts. Not only was that beautiful life laid down so soon she kind to the Japanese, tho most in Burma, where she was the help- of the new comers to the new seaports in the sixties were hardly of preposmate of Juelson. Many a woman who sessing appearance or of winsome character; she also may truly be could not herself go, prayed her son called the beginner of female educainto the work because of Harriet tion in Japan. She collected and Newall. taught a class of native girls, and when Miss Kidder (Mrs. E. Rothe- After graduation the young doctor say Miller) came out from ,merica practised medicine for three years, and in October, r840, married Miss Clara M. Leete. This partnership of love and mutual service lasted fifty-five

I911 ] JAMES CURTIS

to do this special work, Mrs. Hep- and phrases which the American laburn turned over her school to this dies us~d. lady, so eminently fitted for the work. Out of that class came the star pupil, We are not exaggerating when wt most excellently trained to assist, say that Mrs. Hepburn was as the when the Government itself woke up hidden cistern of oil that supplied the to the necessity of uplifting one-half ever-trimmed and brightly burning of Japan, and Miss Margaret Oark lamp of a mighty man of God. Griffis and Mrs. P. V. Veeder began what has since developed into the Having now "an helpmeet for him," Tokyo Normal School. The first text- Dr. Hepburn turned his back on a book for this school was Hepburn's successful medical practise and ac- Dictionary, and until teacher and pu- cepted a call to be missionary phypil had made some mutual progress sician in Siam under the American it was the delight of the girls to. com- Board. They made the voyage in a mit to memory many columns of this slow sailing ship and arrived July 12, kind of a lesson-help, new in Japan. 1841, at "the lion city" Singapore, the Delightful it certainly was, in the capital of the British Straits Settlefreshness of novelty, for the maidens ments. He was detained at this place of Nippon in 1873 considered it some- because sickness among the missionthing wonderful to see both their aries required his presence. He utikata kana, or popular script, and the lized what proved to be a golden opdignified Chinese characters set cheek portunity by engaging in work for the by jowl alongside of English words Chinese there, until the Middle King- dom was opened to the Gospel. He thus laid a foundation of knowledge of A WARD Hi THE NAVAL HOSPITAL AT KOEE, JAPAN

the Chinese language which equipped opinions by his success. tie was achim for later work both in China and tive in church work and the future Japan. When the new field opened, seemecl to open to him all that a phyafter what is called the "Opium War," sician and a Christian laYlllan conk! Dr. Hepburn changed his plans and desire. chose the city of Amoy, whence the tea ships of the East India Company, But in r853 an event took place by laden with material for the revolu- which the Government of the United tion, sailed for Boston in r773. Land- States more powerfully imprest the ing at Amoy in October, 1843, he yorlel than by any other act since the opened a dispensary for Chinese pa- Declaration of Independence. Yet tients. His companions were Rev. ,Yo Japan was not opened to commerce H. Cummings and the Rev. David and missionaries by Commodore Perry, Abeel of the Reformed Church, who but through the skilful negotiations of may be called the father of woman's Han. Townsend Harris, president of work for W0111an in Asia and the in- the lloard of Education in :'ew York spirer of women's missionary societies. City. .– convocation of three men at Xagasaki, held probably on the deck The climate and the water were se- of theC"nited States steamship M invere on the missionary women, and llcsota, influenced mightily the future within a few 1110nths four of the six development of the unborn Christian died. Of the men two were drowned, church in Japan. ':-11'. Donker Curone of whom, vValter Lowrie, was tillS, the Dutch envoy, whose signathro,~n overboard by the Chinese pi- ture on a treaty of commerce with the rates, who long infested these waters. Japanese was sti~! fresh, mentioned to Dr. and }Irs. Hepburn were not Dr. S. vVells Williams,' secretary to spared, a11(! when they had become the ;merican legation in China and reduced in health by malaria, they then visiting Nagasaki, that Japanese were obliged to return home, arriving officers had told him that they were in New York March, r846. In one ready to allow foreigners all trading of his letters Dr. Hepburn spoke ten- privileges "if a way could be found to derly of the little baby which he had keep opium and Christianity out of the to bury in Asia's strange soil. country."

Thus, the doctor's first missionary Dr. Williams was much imprest experience, lasting five years, seemed by this statement and saw the meaning almost a total personal loss as well as of it. "Christianity," to the Japanese, a great disappointment. N9 other op- meant political peril and foreign inportunity for missionary usefulness tervention. It really was this, when presented itself; and it seemed as tho it was orthodox in Spain and Portuhe must spend his life as a medical gal to believe that the world, as dipractitioner among his fellow Ameri- vided by the Pope, meant that it becans. Opening an office in N ew York longed to them, their sovereigns and city, he soon had an honorable and the Inquisition. Dr. Williams, calling lucrative practise, and for twelve years together his two fellow lovers of his was an active citizen on Manhattan Master and of the Japanese, Rev. E. Island. Twice he passed through epi- W. Syle, sailor's chaplain at Shanghai, demics of cholera and won golden and Chaplain Henry Wood, of the

I9II ] JAMES CURTIS

JJiHllcsota, the three talked the mat- uf sl1ch persons III a trading settle- ter over. Jlaking up their minds that ment, but, after consulting with the the Japanese had no clear idea of Japanese Government, Dr. Hepburn what true Christianity was, they was registered as physician to the conagreed to write, each one to his own sulate. cn old temple, probably still board, the Episcopal, Reformed, and standing, having been rejected by the Presbyterian, urging them to be very Dutch consul as a stable, was made careful in the choice of the right kind habitable after a little carpenter work of men, who should win the Japanese tor the new missionaries' residence, and teach the people what true Chris- and then they began the unpacking of tianity was. Undoubtedly the Holy boxes. Sharing the temple with the Spirit guided the mission boards when Hepburns were Rev. Dr. Samuel Rolthey sent out such men as Williams. lins Brown and wife, old friends, who Verbeck, Brown, and Hepburn to the also had been missionaries in China. land of promise. As Dr. iViIliams wrote, "vVe haa the satisfaction of These were the days of feudalism, seeing within a year the agents of when servants and C01111110ners prosthese three societies in Shanghai." trated themselves before the men of privilege and office, who wore two When the call came to Dr. and Mrs. swords. C sually attired chiefly in Hepburn it was as the breath of the their loin cloth, they awoke strange Holy Spirit upon the smoking flax. and not altogether pleasant feelings Instantly a candle was lighted that has to gentlemen, and especially to ladies steadily illuminated humanity in the accustomed both to clothing and the Japanese Empire to this dar. The usual upright attitude of free citizens voyage in a sailing ship had lasted of a republic. As a rule, American 146 days, when they reached Kana- ladies, on their first view of such vast gawa, the designated treaty port on areas of cuticle, nearly fell into nervthe bay opposite Yokohama, where otIS prostration, while the male repubthey were to live four years. Nothing licans actually felt like using boot had been said in the treaties about leather, not for kicking but for assistmissionaries, as such, tho we must ing to elevate these groveling specinever fail to give credit to Townsend mens of humanity and telling them to Harris for arguing the matter with stand up like men who lived under the the Japanese at Shimada, so that mis- Stars and Stripes. As for meat, bread sionaries could not be kept out, and and potatoes, the doctor's wife had to thus opening the way for the preach- depend for many months upon the ing of the gospel. Mr. Harris, in his ship captains. For one thing alone, diary, wrote on Monday, June 8, 1857, Japan might well raise a monument summarizing his points made after to the Hepburns, for they taught the eight months. of negotiation: "N0 Japanese the meaning, the use, and the classes of Americans are named in the manufacture of soap. True, we gladly second article so that missionaries may bear witness that in their persons, in actually come and reside in Japan." the generous use of the bath, and in care of their h011ses the Japanese are The American consul, in 1859, was among the cleanest people in the not specially friendly, not being gifted world. Yet as a foreigner long in with prevision as to the want or need

the Far East declares, "the Chinese marsh, and Kanagawa was a port of wash their clothes and the Japanese the country, ruled, as report said, by their bodies." In some respects, next two kings. In the large temple yard to Christianity, soap seemed to be the no untidy blade of grass which strugdesideratum. gled up was permitted to remain. That is not com11le il faut in a Jap- A missionary's daughter, who was anese temple yard." ushered into the world under the doctor's supervision, writes in these later After four years the Hepburns years, when her own daughters are moved to Yokohama, where they built graduated from colIege: a house on the main street, one story high, with an attic. No chimneys were "If the friends, the pupils, the pa- then known in this earthquake country, rishioners, and the patients and the JAPA:-i£SE DOCTORS AND N"C"RSLS rN THE HOSP'[T.At.(. A.'f 2ENTSF.11 mere admirers of Dr. Hepburn could so the sheet-iron stovepipe jutted up ea.ch bring but one flower as a symbol through the roof. In those days "forof their regard for him, their indebt- eigner haters" abounded, and swords edness to him, and their love for him, were easily unsheathed. Sake, the his house would not be big enough strong rice liquor, with the fuse1-oil to hold the fragrant blossoms. Do still kept in it, at the cheapness of you accuse me of prejudice? Then which Commodore Perry was alarmed, look through my spectacles. Imagine, filled the stomachs of many of the at the close of the Civil War, in newly swashbucklers, and life was held very opened-up Japan, a Buddhist temple, cheap. Almost all foreigners went looking like a one-story bungalow, about armed when all the highways, propt on stilts, well set back from and rarely without the protection of the streets in the town of Kanagawa, government guards. One fellow took for Yokohama was then a mere strip employment with the doctor for the of fishing shacks in the midst of a express purpose of assassinating him,

II ] JAMES CURTIS

but after a few weeks, seeing what Japanese affairs. 1 carried into the kind of people the missionaries were, far interior, in 1871, the first translahe gave up his plan. No teachers tion of the gospels made by him, in could be obtained but those who were manuscript, and had the honor of known to be spies. teaching the first Bible class beyond the jealously guarded line of the treaty Personally the writer never under- ports. stood what the scripture meant which speaks of "leaping over a wall" until The doctor would rise every day at he tackled the Japanese language. five o'clock in the morning, and in cold THE OLD TIME NATIVE JAPANESE APOTHECARIES Even then he had the help of a gram- weather make his own fire. He mar and dictionary, tho his teacher worked till breakfast time, and then, was at first like a pump-stock, from after family worship, would go into which information was extracted only the dispensary, usually for an hour, after severe labor. Dr. Hepburn, the but sometimes for three or four hours. pioneer, went at the language with Returning, he worked on his dictionnext to nothing, but he leapt over ary, or reading in Japanese literature, the waIl into the world of Japanese and in later days making translations, thought and the garden of her liter- until dinner at I P.M. In the afterature. Then began thirty-three years noon he would take his exercise and of systematic daily toil, glimpses of visit.foreign and other patients. His which I had the honor and pleasure helper for years was the scholarly of seeing when enjoying the boundless Okuno, who became a Christian and hospitality of his home, discussing until eighty years of age was pastor,

evangelist, poet and hymnist of the then the best and llIost costly in Protchurch. K0 wonder that he was able to get out, in 18°7, the first edition of estant Japan. ~ ot a few of the dolhis great dictionary on which all others are based. Three other editions lars for these buildings came out of followed, with still others in abridged his Own pocket. It seems a sort of forms. The work of printing and mystic antiphon or requiem that, probproofreading had to be clone in ably at the very hour of the passing 'China, at Shanghai. Dr. Hepburn of the great man's spirit, Hepburn wrote and published the first Chris- Hall went up in fire. tian tract in Japanese. From 1872 to r879 he was busy with other scholars It is hard for one to say which was on the New Testament, and 011 the the greatest of the triumphs of Doc- Old Testament until 1888. tor Hepburn's labors. Some may put their finger on this, others on that, but The work in which the doctor took to my mind one of his greatest sucthe greatest pride and joy, because it cesses under God was in his winning was wholly his own, and he knew it the sympathy of the mercantile comwould do an endless amount of good, munity and in bridging that unforwas his Bible Dictionary, in r882. tunately deep, perhaps unnecessary, This was the then only help to gulf between missionaries and merenable Japanese to enjoy intelligently chants, which exists on foreign soil. the Scriptural allusions and references that lay outside of their mental world. On his return to America, in r&)2, Better yet, such a work helped to sho' when the burdens of active life seemed that the Gospel was as much for Japan to jt1stify his retirement, the doctor as for Eng'land or America. made his home in East Orange, N. J., When out of the chaos of paganism Japan unfolded the glory of the new and fr0111 r892 was an elder and faith- Christian life and the demands of edu- ful member of the local chl1rch. His cation were for masters, as well as home was near enough for visits to field laborers, Dr. Hepburn was made the graves of his "three beautiful the first president of the Meiji Gakuin boys." Only one son, who bears the (Hall of Learning in the era of en- name of his father, survives the doclightened civilization). This is the col- tor. On his ninetieth birthday the lege of the Reformed Churches hold- Japanese ambassador brought him the ing the Presbyterial system in Japan, token of the Emperor's appreciation and is situated in Tokyo. To this of his services to his people. Of Dr. work he gave not only his time and Hepburn it may be written, as was talents, but he secl1red from his friends said of his }Iaster, "He saved others." large gifts of money for the donni- Un September 23, 19II, at the age tory, professors' residences and what of ninety-six, his spirit took its flight others insisted on naming Hepburn homeward. Hall. He secmed the erection also of Shiloh Church edifice at Yokohama, I have said little or nothing of the doctor's habits of prayer, or Dible study, or his intense spirituality. Why should I? l1y his fruits we know him. He rests from his labors; his works do follow him.

IMMIGRANTS IN

BY REV. LOUIS 11EYER, D.D., NEW YORK CITY.

I. Whence Do They Come? York. Of these 50,750, or 72.6 per cent., were classified as Russian Jews The lluestion of the home-country by the Jewish experts; 4,222, or 6.04 of all OUf immigrants is of the utmost per cent., as Hungarian; 9,710, or importance, because their character 13.88 per cent., as Austrian; 2,633, can not be understood until we know or 3.77 per cent., as Rumanian; from what surroundings they severed 1,245. or I.78 per cent., as English; themselves that they might seek a 703. or I per cent., as Turkish, while more or less permanent home in this the rest, a little less than I per cent., country. In regard to almost all races was made up of Jews from Sweden or peoples which send representatives I I, Italy 4, Bulgaria 2, Denmark 7, to our shores among the multitude of Switzerland I, France 49, Spain 6, immigrants. the question, "Whence Belgium II, Holland 24, Greece I, clo they come?" is easily answered, Finland J, and increasing numbers of their names being expressive of their Jews from South Africa and South home-country in the majority of America, especially Argentina, who cases; but this is not the case with were probably emigrating immigrants regard to the Jews. The answer to those countries, while a few came which we received from the Commis- from India and Australia. Thus, the sioner-General of Immigration to our answer to our question, "Whence do question, "Vhat is the meaning of our Jewish immigrants come?" might the word 'Hebrew' as used in the well be, "The vast majority of them reports of the Bureau of Inunigra- come from Russia and Poland, while tion ?" shows the (lifficulty of an tributary streams come from Austria explicit answer. for it ,tates. "The (Galicia), Hungary, and Rumania, word 'Hebrew' means the people of and little attention need be paid to Hebrew birth regardless of the conn- the remaining 3 per cent. try from which they came or the language they speak.·' Thus, a J cwish II. How Many Jews Come Annually immigrant may come from almost any part of the wille earth. because Jews According to government statisare found everywhere. tics, there came to the United States in 1899 (the year ends on June 30) Reliable statistics concerning the 37.415 Jews; in 1903, 76,203; in 1904, origin of our Jewish immigration can 106,236; in 1905, 129,910; in I gOO, not be had except for the port of New I53,74R; in 1907, 149,182; in 1908, [03,387; in 1909, 57,551; in 1910, 84,- York, but since 78. I 7 per cent. of all 260; and from July 1,1910, to June 30, 19II, 91,223. During the ten years immigrants of the fiscal year ending ending on June 30, 19IO, 976,263 Jew- June 30, 19°7, and 74.72 per cent. of ish immigrants landed in the United all immigrants of the fiscal year end- States, almost 8 per cent. of the Jews ing June 30, 1908, landed in New in all lands (I 1,530,848 according to York, the statistics for that port may American J ewish Year Book 1909-10). well be taken as representative of the Tn the 6 years frol'l1 July I, 1902, to whole Jewish immigration. From June 30, 1898, 718,666 Jewish immithem we learn that in the 18 months from January I, 1908, to June 30, 1909, 69,912 Jews landed in New

grants arrived. In 1907, 8.6 per cent. tion to the fact that in 1907, the J ewof the total immigration, comprizing ish immigrants furnished a little more more than 40 peoples or races, were than their proportion (8.6 per cent.) Jewish; in 1908, I3.2 per cent.; in to those debarred, that in 1908, they 1909, 7.65 per cent., in I9IO, 8.09 per did not furnish quite one-half of their cent., and in 191 I, IO.38 per cent. proportion (13.2 per cent) of those debarred, and that in 1909 and 1910 The height of Jewish immigration they furnished a little less than their was reached in 1906, the direct fruit proportion, (7.65 per cent., resp. 8.09 of the cruel and inhuman persecutions per cent.) of the Russian and Rumanian] ews by the nominal Christian rulers and in- III. The Occupations of Jewi.h Immihabitants of those countries. When grants the total immigration decreased 39 per cent., in 1908, on account of the The Jew, it is supposed, is a born great financial crisis, Italian immigra- business man, and the general imprestion decreased SS per cent., Austrian- sion prevails that very few skilled Hungarian 50, Greek 41, but Jewish laborers and no professional men only 3I per cent. Out of the 392,- whatever are found among our Jewish 073 emigrant aliens who departed immigrants. In the following table, from this country on account of the which is based upon the official stapanic of 1907-8, 7,702, or less than tistics of our government for 1907, 2 per cent., were Jews, while in No- 1908 and 1909, we compare the Jewish vember, 1907, when the panic was at immigrants with the Italian, because its height, only I per cent., of the the poverty and lack of advantages departing aliens was Jewish. of the Jews of eastern Europe are well comparable to those of the Ital- In I907, I27 Jews were deported, ians, who furnished 294,06r immimore than -of any other race except the grants in 19°7, I35,247 in I908, I90,- Japanese, and 64 of these were in- 398 in I909, 223.453 in 1910, and 189,- sane. In 1908, 181 were deported, 950 in I91 I. and 87 on account of insanity. In 1907. 1,257 Jews were debarred, or Two important lessons concerning 9.6 per cent. of the total debarred, the Jewish immigrant should be and in 1908, 679, or 6.2 per cent. of leamed from the table below. total debarred; in 1909, 61 4. or S·9 per cent. of total; and in I9IO, I,954, 1. The Jew brings wife and children or 8.05 per cent. of total. The reason with him or sends for them as soon for debarring being extreme poverty as he is able to pay their fare, in the in the majority of cases during these majority of cases. years. We would draw special atten- 2. The Jew is represented in every trade, with no exception in the list.

Jewish Italian per cent. per cent.

OCCUPATIONS OF IMMIGRATION 1907 1908 1909 1907 1908 1909 . – – – – – -~r—– –~I—-.- 1. Professional (lawyers, doctors, etc.) …….. , .. .7 .7 .8 .4 .6 .2 2. Skilled (including almost every trade) …………… . 37.0 35.0 31.6 11.7 12.3 7.1 3. Miscellaneous (including farm laborers and servants) .. 16.0 19.1 17.0 66.3 54.5 69.& 4. No occupation (including women and children) …… . 46.3 45.2 50.6 21.6 32.6 13.1

IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA

This can not be said of any other race, in Chicago knows that the great city except the English, so that the oft- contains many more Jews than the repeated calumny that the Jew is found ] ewish Year Book reports for the in a few trades only should cease. whole State of Illinois (IIO,OOO). The Jewish representation in each trade is never below the average, but We will not add new estimates of the English is, according to immigra- Jewish inhabitants of our great cities tion statistics. to the already too numerous ones, but we simply point out that more than IV. Where These Jewish Immigrant. fifty per cent. of the two millions and Settle one-half of Jews who are thought to be in the United States live within In a general way the question might twenty miles of New York's Post be answered: "They settle in our large Office; and that, according to their cities, almost always in distinct, cir- own declarations on landing, about cumscribed quarters," but the majority three-fifths of the recent Jewish immigives as its final destination, Greater grants are to be found in that city N ew York. Of all the immigrants (about 580,000 out of the total Jewish admitted to this country in 1908, 32 immigration from I899 to October I, per cent. claimed the State of New York as their ultimate destination, but I909)· of the Jews admitted in 1907, 62.9 per v. Why Do These Immigrants Settle in cent.; in 1908, 66 per cent., in I 909, 60.2 per cent. (or 34,633), and in the Cities of Their Choice? 19IO, 62.8 per cent. (or 5I,97 I), reported the State of New York as their Wherever these Jewish immigrants goal when they arrived. Earnest settle in extensive numbers they esefforts are now being made by Jewish tablish distinct Jewish quarters called leaders to deflect the stream of Jewish Ghettos, cities within the cities, which immigration from New York and the are just as separate from the surgreat commercial centers, to the South rounding Gentile quarters as if they and West of our great country, but were enclosed by walls with gates sehitherto with comparatively little suc- curely fastened every evening, as in cess. the Ghetto of the Middle Ages in Europe. Racial and religious con- The number of Jewish inhabitants siderations, and, to some extent in our States and cities are mere esti- perhaps, the custom of the old mates, and therefore not reliable, but world, lead to the continuance of the we do not hesitate to say that our Jewish Ghetto even in the liberty of observations cause us to consider the the new world, and in the Ghetto, statistics in the American Jewish Year curious old-world ways and customs Book as far too low. A careful inves- continue to prevail tho the younger tigation of the Presbyterian Home generation try hard to be freed from Mission Board's trained and careful them. The signs are mostly in Yidfield-investigator in Newark, N. ]., for dish, the language spoken by almost instance, revealed almost as many all these newcomers, which is nothing Jewish inhabitants in that one city as but the corrupt German of the Middle the Jewish Year Book reports for the Ages with an admixture of Hebrew, State of New Jersey. Any observer Polish, Russian, and English words, written with Hebrew letters.

In Greater 1ew York there are four 56,277 Jewish men who landed in distinct Jewish quarters. The oldest 1908, 9,455, or 16.8 per cent., could and largest one (larger than any other neither read nor write, while of the in the world) extends from the East 47,110 women 13,762, or 29.21 per River to the Bowery, fr0111 Catharine cent., could neither read nor write. to Houston Street, and is thought to This does not agree with the common contain 450,000 Jewish men, women notion that every Jew is a learned man. and children. It is the most densely In I 909, 12,372, or 2I.5 per cent., populated part of the earth, having Jewish immigrants were illiterate (4,- 625 people to the acre. Some of its 944 male and 7,428 female). In 19IO, blocks are said to have between 1,500 Q,963, or 2I.3 per cent., Jewish imand 1,700 inhabitants. migrants were illiterate (7,593 male and 10,370 female). Most of these The uptown Jewish quarter extends people are also wretchedly poor, from Eighty-sixth to 125th Street, which is sufficiently shown by the fact from Fifth Avenue to the East River, that the 103,387 Jews admitted in 19o5 and has about 200,000 inhabitants. brought with them only $1,242,755, The 'Williamsburg Jewish quarter con- only 4,790 being able to show $50 or tains 150,000, and the Brownsville over, while the passage of 63.492 was Jewish quarter 75,000 people. But paid by relatives. But in regard to there are large masses of Jews north money brought we call attention to the of Houston Street up to East Sixth fact that it includes only money shown Street; in the Bronx, and also in the by arriving Jewish immigrants, while Lenox Avenue part of :Ianhattan, undoubtedly much carried was not while it can be said that to-day there shown, and th~t it can not be deterare few parts of Greater :'ew York mined what portion of the amounts where no scattered Jewish colonies 5hO,"11 was sent to these immigrants small or large can be founel. by relatives or friends already in this country, or was harrowed from friends Philadelphia and Chicago also have in the country fr0111 which they came. large Ghettos, while Boston, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, St. Louis and prac- It is often said, and we have heard tically all our large commercial cities it stated by Jewish leaders, that Jewish have smaller ones. immigrants frequently do not come up to our standard of cleanliness. We The housing question in these J ew- do not intend to make a denial of the ish quarters, especially in those of fact, but why should we apply to any New York, is a very serious one and immigrant any other standard than lies at the bottom of many of the social that of the country hom which he and moral problems which challenge comes? These Jews lacked social and the religious workers among the peo- educational advantages in their povple. erty-stricken European homes. Little opportunity for improvement is grant- VI. Some Characteristics of Jewish ed them within the pale of settlement, Immigrants where Russian tyranny and cruel op- pression keeps them almost prisoners. The vast majority of these people !'IInch that seems queer to us, or even come from eastern Europe, where educational advantages are lacking. Thus, we need 1I0t wonder that of the

IMMIGRANTS IN

bad in the newly arrived Jew or Gen- of a desire to escape the common tile, is simply a custom of the old petty persecutions from which they world, of which nothing is thought continue to suffer from Gentile neigh- there, and which we have no right to bors, even in our great free country. condemn unconditionally. But, after all, it is well established that our J ew- But the desire of these immigrants ish immigrants, instead of being less to Americanize themselves js best exclean than others who corne from the prest in their eager desire to take adsame surroundings and conditions, are vantage of the educational instituat least as clean as their fellow im- tions. Very soon after their arrival migrants. many of their children are found in the admirably managed Jewish insti- We consider the desire of the J ew- tutions, like the great building of the ish immigrants to "Americanize" them- Educational Alliance on East Broadselves one of their chief character- way, New York. As soon as possible istics. Frequent attention has been the children are sent to the public called to the large numbers of Russian schools, and the night schools are Jewish immigrants who"Americanize" crowded with men and women, old their name. Many simply translate and young, who are eager to learn their names, so that Lichtenstein now the language of their new home. becomes Lightstone; VV'eiss, White; and Griin, Green. Others have im- VI. The Success of These Immigrants bibed such hatred fO" Russia on account of the cruel persecutions to In the public schools the young which they and their kindred were children of Jewish immigrants rise subjected, that they desire to shake quickly to the top, not because they off all that reminds them of that coun- are more talented than their Gentile try. Thus, they drop the ski, the witz, classmates, tho almost every schoolthe witch, at the end of their names, teacher acknowledges that generally and Michaelowitz becomes Michaels; they are quick-witted and alert, but on Grafinsky, Graf; Shid10wsky, Sheldon. account of that inherited perseverance Others have names almost unpro- which causes them to wrestle with nounceable to anyone but a Russian, their assignee! task until it is accomor names which, if pronounced after plished. The rapidity with which they the English manner, take on an evil acquire the English language is amameaning, like that of the shoemaker zing, altho it takes them many years on the lower East Side in New York, to overcome their peculiar pronunciawho was astonished to see the street tion. We have never seen a more aratL her and repeat the name in interesting performance than the one lusty 'us, when he had it painted which we witnessed in "'Jovember, upon his window in beautiflll, yellow 1909, in the hall of the Educational color; it read, "A. Damchiek." But Alliance in New York, the foremost others of these immigrants, and their Jewish institution for immigrants. number seems to be on the increase, The Central Conference of American want to be known as Americans by Rabbis was holding its annual meeting their very names, sometimes for busi- in New York, and its members were ness reasons, sometimes on account invited to inspect the work of the Alliance. The pupils of different stages of development wcre intro-

duced, and gave proof of the rapidity aminations for public service. There with which they acquire the use of they outrank all their competitors, and the English language, some of them were it possible to take a racial census declaiming long pieces of poetry with of those who pass through competitive excellent pronunciation, and in a man- examinations into public positions of ner which proved that they understood trust, the public would be furnished what they were saying, tho they had with a convincing illustration of the been in this country at best a few remarkable success achieved by the weeks. Jewish children are more younger generation of our Jewish quickly Americanized than the chil- immigrants. dren of any other immigrating people. This has certainly great advantages But our Jewish immigrants, confor the success of the people, but it sidered as a whole, enter every trade has also its great disadvantages. Of and send representatives into every these we shall speak later. occupation, many of them not beinS- willing or able to take up the trade From the public schools a large or profession which yielded them a number of these children proceed to living in the old country. They are the high schools, normal schools, and found among cigar-makers, tai1or~, colleges, where a surprizingly large makers of surgical instruments, of percentage of them carry off honors lamps, cut-glass articles, and fancy and rewards. So numerous are those ironware, makers of patent-medicines, who devote themselves to the pFofes- upholsterers and makers of leather arsion of teaching, that the College of ticles, contractors and builders, cloththe City of New York, and the Nor- ing manufacturers, makers of caps and mal College of New York contain be- hats, and so on through the whole list tween 75 and 80 per cent. of Jewish of trades. pupils, almost all of whom are the children of recent immigrants, or im- It is generally supposed that every migrants themselves, and from these Jew is a born business man and very two schools comes the majority of successful, as such, but investigations the new teachers of Greater New clearly prove that he is the inferior of York. A goodly percentage of these the Yankee, the Scotchman, the Greek, children pass through college, some and the Armenian in commercial through the universities, making an shrewdness, and that the Jewish immiexceedingly fine showing as far as grants very largely join the laboring scholarship and honors are concerned, class. The great majority of them reand more and more of them are now main wretchedly poor, and the lavish appearing among the acknowledged charity of their Jewish brethren has leaders of science and learning in the lately been proved unable to cope with United States. A large percentage the misery that prevails. Thousands select the profession of the lawyer, or and tens of thousands of them are that of the physician, and are com- barely existing on starvation diets utparatively successful. terly incomprehensible to the Ameri- can laboring man, altho they are The main success of this younger thrifty, industrious, and sober. Yet, generation is found whenever its after all, a larger percentage of Jews members take part in competitive ex- than of almost any other immigrating

IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA

race succeed m emerging from the while they also are not strangers to poverty and want. Their economic the gambling-house and to the racepowers are paralleled by that of no track. other people, and their perseverance and tenacity, aided by a keen intellect In general, however, it may be said and an unfaltering industry, lead many that of our Jewish immigrants a surof them to the coveted goal. The prizingly large proportion prove a peddler develops into the storekeeper, "commercial success" in the land of thence into the merchant. The janitor their choice. of the tenement house in the course of a few years oftentimes becomes the VIII. Religious and Moral Condition lessee of the very building, to finally blossom out into the owner of one or 'vVe do not mean so much the remore of these "dumb-bell double-deck- ligions and moral condition in which ers" in which his less fortunate co- they arrive, as the conditions which immigrants are herded. develops sooner or later after their arrival. The progress of the Jewish immigrant from eastern Europe can be best The majority of our Jewish immiseen along Broadway or along Fifth grants belong to the so-called orthodox Avenue from Fourteenth to Twenty- Jews, who, on account of their revthird Streets,in NewYork. The former erence for the traditions of the rabbis German Jewish names are fast disap- contained in the Talmud, are often pearing, and Russian Jewish names called Talmudical Jews. Many of are taking their place. But, after all, these disintegrate religiously soon after among the fifty richest men of this their arrival. While large numbers country not one is a Jew and of the continue to adhere at least outwardly countless trusts not more than two to the ceremonies and rites of talmuare apparently in Jewish hands. Yet dism, in a general way the busy life the published statement has never been vf the new country is not favorable challenged, that "in the section (of to the quiet development of Jewish New York) from Sixtieth to Ninetieth orthodoxy and only a small percent- Streets, between Lexington and Park age of our Jewish immigrants con- Avenues, live 500 Russian Jews worth tinue to adhere as strictly to the rites $100,000 to $1,000,000 each." As far and ceremonies as it was their custom as we have been able to ascertain from in eastern Europe. The Jewish Sabpublished and available accounts, none hath can not be as strictly adhered to of these men came to this country be- as was possible across the ocean. fore r876, while the majority reached Crowded into tenements, overworked this land of freedom after the perse- in sweat-shops, underfed, in a strange cution in Russia began to be harsh in land, breathing the alien air of un- May, 1882. wonted freedom, signs of religious dis- integration are visible everywhere in Of their success in the sphere of the Jewish quarters. journalism we need not speak, for it is too well known. They are found Many of the younger generation, as a most important element in the especially the young men, break with musical and theatrical profession., the religion of their fathers in the old country and some become materialists, some rationalists, some socialists, and some even atheists and anarchists. In

the new country the number of Jewish The answer to the question, "What young people to whom the religion of is the religious and moral condition of their parents becomes ridiculous and our Jewish immigrants in their new contemptible, rapidly increases, be- home?" must be: "There is much dan- cause in the rush of the busy life ger of their demoralization in religion, Jewish family life becomes utterly dis- and therefore also in morality as they organized. The father is no more the come into contact with the new condi- priest, but he is the money-getter; the tions prevailing here."

mother now is only the housekeeper, and the children have pleasure and IX. The Duty of Americans to These comfort as their watchword. The Jews father is the head only because he The Central Conference of Ameri- supplies the means of living. There is can Rabbis (Reform) decided that it little or no time for the religious train- is the duty of the hour to approach ing of the children, who as soon as' these masses of religiously disinte- possible must contribute their share grating Jewish immigrants with tracts to the earnings of the family in many, and statements of American Reform many cases. Thus, the younger gener- Judaism. The Union of Orthodox ation rapidly drifts away from all re- Rabbis is casting about to find a way ligion. of leading back into the fold the wan- Many of this younger generation are dering sheep.

drifting into evil habits and into sin. The American Christians believe A Jewish rabbi wrote in The American that they owe a twofold duty to these Israelite, June 4. IgoR. "There is drink- Jewish immigrants: First to welcome ing among Jewish young men, incon- them as they come to these shores, hav- tinence of Jewish young men, petty ing escaped tyranny and persecution crimes among the young Jews, gamb- by so-caIled Christians in Europe and ling among the young men, and, final- elsewhere. They must be assured of ly, the growth of prostitution among freedom from persecution in this land the Jewish young girls." Another of liberty and must experience Chris- rabbi said, in Tite Chicago Israelite, tian love without prejudice or iIl- March 7, 1908, "There is a constantly feeling; second, if these Jewish immi- increasing number of Jews becoming grants are to be favorably imprest inmates of our penal and correctional with Christianity the Gospel must be institutions." It is true, we must con- presented in a friendly, tactful and fess it to our sorrow, that vice and brotherly way that wiIl prove it to be crime are increasing among recent a priceless possession.

Jewish immigrants, but we would em- God is bringing multitudes of Jews phasize the well-established fact that, to our shores. What is the purpose?

after all, a far smaller ratio of Jews We doubt not that it is His purpose is found among criminals than of their to give us the opportunity and privi- Gentile fellow immigrants from coun- lege of offering unto them the Gos- tries with similar or like advantages pel, which is the power of God unto as Russia, and that native-born crimi- salvation to everyone that believ- nals outrank the foreign-born crimi- eth, to the Jew first, and also to the nals by far. Greek.

A MOHAMMED., N MOUA:RRAM PROCESSION IN BO~fBAY

ISLAM IN INDIA ny REV. S . )-1. ZWEM ER, D.D., nAHREIN ISLAND, PERSIAN GULF Autho r of " Islam, " "The :M os!em World," "Unoccupied Fields,!! et c .

The Lucknow Conference empha- lands with no less than 62 ,458,077 folsized anew the importance and the lowers of the Prophet. Nor is the strategic character of the Moslem Moslem population of India at a standpopu lation of India. It is a startling still: it is growing. T he coming cenfact that there are now under British sus will probably show th at the total rule more Mohammedans than under number of Moslems in India approachany other gove rnment in modern or ill es 70,000,000. There are more Mosmedieval days, and that the bulk of lems in India than in Egypt, Persia, these Moslems live in the Indian Em- Morocco, Algiers, Arabia, Tunis, Afpire. Counting all her possessions and ghanistan, Tripoli and Turkey comdependencies, at least 95,000,000 fol- bined, and because these Moslems are lowers of the Prophet of Arabia are more accessible than those of any other to-day enjoying the blessings of Brit- country, with the possible exception of ish rule, and the total number of Moslems in the British Empire is 5,000,000 Java, no one can doubt the importance in excess of the total Christian population of that empire. According to of reaching them with the Gospel in the last census India has the largest this decisive hour of Christian mis- Moslem population of any country in sions. the world, leading the list of Moslem A rapid tour of the principal cen- ters of Moslem population in India prior to the Lucknow Con ference, and

the conversations and discussions ashamed of the backward condition in connection with this memorable of their community, are doing every· gathering, have imprest upon my mind thing in their power to stimulate edu- the fact that there never was a more cation and extend the influence of the opportune time for the evangelization press. It was my privilege to visit of Moslems, nor a more strategic two of the largest Moslem presses in place than is the case. now in India. India, the one at Delhi and the other Educational and social conditions are at Lucknow. From these and other plastic and changing. Islam is recog- centers literally millions of pages of nizing its own inadequacy and attempt- Moslem literature in Urdu, Persian, ing to adapt itself to new conditions, Arabic and other vernaculars are being and yet, of all the non-Christian re- scattered over India and Central ligions of India, Islam exhibits the Asia. Polyglot editions of the Koran greatest solidarity and is conducting are being printed,t and one could not a more wide-spread propaganda in help carrying away the impression India, and from India into other lands, that the Moslem press of India is than any other religion. It is only fully awake to present-day opportuni- recently that Moslem propagandism ties, altho still employing old-time in British Guiana and the West Indies, methods, e.g., lithography instead of as well as along the Uganda Railway printing.

and in South Africa was shown to I. Distribution and Spread be carried on by Indian Moslems. A To understand the dimensions of Moslem from India is publishing a the problem as well as its character, paper in Tokyo, Japan, entitled The we will consider first the present num- Islamic Fraternity, and the manager bers and distribution of the Moslems of the Mohammedan Tract and Book in: India. Mohammedans are found Depot at Lahore assured me that, next in practically every part of India, in- to India, the largest number of his cluding Ceylon and Burma. Burma English books were sent to Durban, alone had a Mohammedan population, South Africa. according to the last census, of 339,- The importance of the Moslem 446, and in the past decade Islam in- problem in India is also evident from creased thirty per cent. in this part the fact that the frontier problem, of the Indian Empire. Among the stretching all the way from Baluchis- native states of India the following tan to the borders of Tibet, is invaria- are governed by Moslem rulers, and bly bound up with the attitude of are therefore in a special sense centers Moslems toward British Government. of Mohammedan power and influence: It is still true, as Sir Wm. Hunter Hyderabad, II,I4I,000; Tonk, 273,· stated in 1876, that there is "a stand- 000; Bhopal, 665,000; Khairpur, 200,- ing rebel camp along the Northern 000; Bangapalle, Madras, 335,000; Frontier,* where chronic conspiracy Rampur, 500,000; and Bahawulpur, may always be expected." 700,000. Of course, not all the pop- A final reason for the urgency of ulation of these native states is Mo- the Moslem problem in India is that hammedan, but the fact that so many of the rising tide of education. The t The missionaries welcome these vernacular educated Moslems of India, long translations. One of them is at present publishing a Bengali Koran text with Christian commentary. • "The Indian Mus.lmans," Chapters I and II. (See illustration, page 915.)

THOUSAND INDIAN MOSLEMS AT PRAYER ON THE GREAT FEAST DAY, FRIUAY, IN THE JUMA II!ESJID

uf India's populatioll are (lirectly Book, une is struck by the fact that under Moslem rulers, subject to the so many of these great centers of pop- authority of the British Government, ulation are in a real sense Moslem is certainly interesting. Of the total cities with a Moslem problem all their number of Mohammedans in India, own. Calcutta, for example, has no twenty-five and a half million, or less than one hundred and seventy- forty-one per cent., live in Bengal; six mosques.* Bombay has a Moham- fourteen million, or twenty- two and medan population of nearly two huna half per cent., in the Punjab; and dred thousand; Hyderabad, Lucknow, seven million, or eleven per cent., in Delhi, Lahore, Agra, AlIahabad, Peshthe United Provinces. Bombay Pres- awar, Aligarh-all of them have great idency has four and a half million monuments of Moslem architecture, Moslems, Madras, two and three- and are the present-day centers of fourths million, Ihshmir over two Moslem activity. In each of these million, Assam nearly two million, cities there exists to-day Moslem assoand Hyderabad over one million Mos- ciations for the defense and propagalems. tion of Islam, called the Anjuman- i-Islam. These societies establish The most Mohammedan of all the schools and colleges, publish literature, provinces is Kashmir, 'where seventyfour per cent. of the people belong to 'The following list of mosques in Calcutta this faith. Next follows the Punjab, was exhibited with a large map of the city, showwhere fifty-three per cent., or a little ing their location, at the Lucknow Conference: over one-half of the people are Moslems. In Bengal, thirty-two per cent., Chilpore (upper) ……….. 5 in Assam, twenty-six per cent., in Bombay, eighteen per cent., and in the Chilpore (lower) …………………….. 7 United Provinces fourteen per cent, of the people are followers of Mo- Colaolalla Road ………………………. 4 hammed.* Harrison Road ………….. 7 The bulk of the Moslem population, especially in North India, belongs to New Market …………. 3 the Sunni, or orthodox sect. The Shiahs do not number more than per- Dharmtalla ………….. . . . . . . . . . .. 1 haps five million for all India. They have their stronghold in Oudh, with Chaudney ..•…………………………. 3 headquarters in Lucknow. All the Jain Bazaar ……… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 various subdivisions of the Sunni Canning Street ……………………….. 2 sect are represented, but the great majority of the people are Hanifis, Upper Circular Road 12 altho the influence of the Wahabi Lower Circular Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 movement is still evident, especially in the great cities and in Bengal. Maucklolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 StUdying the list of the principal Belia Ghatr …. ,…… 5 cities of India in the Statesman's Year Hat Khola …………………………… 3 * For detailed statistics see Imperial Gaze:tteer Entally Corner …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 ..rrnenee Bazaar … , ………….. ,…….. 2 of India, Vol. I, p. 474. Bhawanipore ………………… ,.,……. 8 .. …………… 7 Chella ……….

Tolligunge .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 Tal Souah ………… 9 Wellesley Square …… . …………… ' 11 Kalinga Bazaar …….. . …. , . . . . . . . . .. 2 Free School Street ………. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Hastings …………………………….. 1 Watgunge ……………………………. 4 ~l<bal~rea .. …………………………. ~ G~r~ari°a .. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: 4 Mominpore ……………………. ,… . .. 3 Kolooparah . . . . . . . . . . . ………….. 1 Haroo Ostagar's Lane …. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 ~omedantagan ……………………….. ~ so~fiinB~z~~~n .. : '. '. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ……. , 1 Circular Garden, Reach Road•…………… , 3 Neemuk Mahal ……………………….. 1 Singerhaty …………………. 3 Dent Mission Road ……. 1 2 Garden Reach Road ……………….

Matiaburuj . . .. • . . . 11 Machna Bazaar •…. , …………. '…. 3 Masjeid Baree Street ………………. 1 Guloo Ostagar's Lane ……… ,.,……. 1 Raja Bagan ………………………. 2 176

IN INDIA

and often support bands of preachers Hindus will have become Mohamequipped to some extent after the pat- medan."* Christianity has nothing to tern of Christian misions. Accord- gain, and everything to lose by any ing to Dr. Wherry, "Their great work mass movement of paganism toward is to prevent the Christianization of Islam. It was the mature opinion of Moslems, and at the same time to all the delegates at the Lucknow Consecure apostasy of Christian converts ference that "adoption of the faith from Islam."* of Islam by pagan peoples and deprest classes is in no sense whatever a Not only do they attempt the con- THE CENTER OF SHLH ISLAM IN INDIA The Nuam Bara of Asaf-ad·Danla at Lucknow.

version of Christians, but the fifty stepping-stone toward, or a preparamillions of the submerged classes, the tion for Christianity, but exactly the untouchable outcastes of India, are a reverse."* field ready for Moslem missionary activity. In some parts of India large A careful study of the map of India, bodies of these deprest classes and of with these figures of the distribution the hill tribes have gone over to Islam. and the spread of Islam kept before "Dr. Ewing of Lahore expresses the us, leaves no doubt that the crucial belief that unless the Church avails missionary problem in India to-day is itself of the marvelous opportunity how to meet and win the Moslem. It now presented by these millions of is not without reason that the Mohamlow-caste people, within the next ten medans themselves, mindful of the years the bulk of .them who have not ancient glories of Moslem rule, and been given a status in relation to the .. Report of World Missionary Conference, Vol. • "Mohammedan World of To-day," p. 156. I, p. 19; see also p. 148.

i Resolution VII, Lucknow Conference.

filled with hopes ;lnri pan-Islamic dans. "* Another writer intimately' ideals for the future, still speak of the great minaret outside of Delhi, acquainted with the conditions dethe Kutub Minar, the loftiest and scribes the Moslems of Bengal as "a noblest minaret in the Moslem world, sect which observe none of the cereas K UW7JJat el Islam, (the strength monies of its faith, which is ignorant of Islam). Their political glory is of the simplest formalities of its creed, in the past, but the grip of Islam on which worships at the shrine of a the hearts of these millions is still as rival religion, and tenaciously adheres deep and unrelaxing as the sculptures to practises which were denounced as in Moslem architecture. the foulest abominations by its foun- der." And if anyone thinks this n. Special Character and Developments judgment severe, he has only to read The Moslems who were foreigners a recent dissertation by an educated Moslem on conditions in South India. both in race and in creed came to The writer shows the influence of conquer India. Nine hundred years Hinduism on dress, religious beliefs, ago there were no Mohammedans east practises and superstitions, as well as of the Indus; to-day they number in architecture, social customs and more than fifty-five million, and yet ceremonies. He states that caste, neither the Arabs in Sindh, the Turks utterly foreign to Islam, is observed in Delhi, Mahmud, the idol-breaker of by Moslems, and that in their daily Ghanzi, nor the Mogul emperors from life many of the Moslems of South Babar to Aurungzib succeeded in India can not be distinguished from making Islam dominant over Hindu- their Hindu neighbors. "However, ism. In other parts of the Moslem much Moslems may deny it," he says, world there was complete conquest: "there can be no doubt that popular here there was compromise, and the Islam in southern India has been concharacter of Islam in India is only siderably influenced by the religion understood when we remember that of the Dravidian Hindus. Plain Indian Moslems have by their long traces of fetish worship are found, residence in India, among people dif- and the propitiation of demons by sacfering widely from them in race and rifices and offerings is current among language and religion, been profound- uncultured Moslems of all classes… ly influenced by their Hindu environ- Moslem women of the lower class ment. This is especially true of South break cocoanuts at Hindu temples India and of Bengal. Instead of con- in fulfilment of their vows." The verting the idolaters to their own mosques are built in the style of views, the Indian Moslems added to the Hindu temples; Moslems obtheir own religion idolatrous elements serve Hindu feasts, and altho widow and practises from Hinduism. marriage is favored by Moslem law, such marriages are decreasing year by According to Sir William Hunter, because of Hindu social influence.t "not one in ten of the Moslems in lower Bengal can recite the brief and * Beach, "India and Christian Opportunity," simple Kalima, or creed, whose con- p. 121. stant repetition is a matter of almost unconscious habit with Mohamme- +"South Indian Musalmans," pp. 45-67; Census Report of India, Vol. XV, p. 59. One reason for this semi-Hindu far the intellectual awakening during character of Islam in India is the gen- the past decade will modify the sta- tistics for illiteracy in the coming AI<ABIC KORAN INscnIPlIONS ON THE KUTAB MINAR, census. NEAR DELHI Polygamy is more prevalent among eral ilIiteracy of the people. The illit- Moslems than among any other c1as5 eracy of the Moslems in India is as sur- of the population in the Indian Emprizing as it is appalling. One would pire. "Musulmans show a higher think that a religion which almost proportion of wives to husbands than worships its sacred book, and which', any other religious community."* once was mistress of science and litJ erature, would in its onward sweep Moslems themselves admit the backhave enlightened India, but facts are ward character of their coreligionists. stubborn things. According to the The leaders of the All-India Moslem latest census the total number of illit- League and the various anjumans erates among the Moslems of India grow eloquent in contrasting the fanreaches the enormous figure of 59,- cied condition of Islam as a religion 674>499, or about ninety-six per cent. of culture in the Middle Ages with of the population! Among women the sad state of Moslems in India toilliteracy is well-nigh universal. The day. The superintendent of the cencensus of 1902 reported only 9I,059 sus in the Punjab thus characterizes women in Moslem India as being able the backward condition of the Mosto read and write.* Such figures lems: "It is hardly possible to take up would be almost incredible if they a Punjab settlement report withwere not based ,on government re- out finding a lament over the shortturns. It remains to be seen in how ,. ; :9 .zz;;:;: ~ •f:.:1, l).l r,i}; ~~!;i}; :j t;:::i.;:JI ~~•<:J~ ~ ~ .. WherrYJ "Islam and Christianity in the Far ~ ~:·~I "…,. r ~,,_ j~1 '¥;;:":~: ". """ ." ~"'. ~ East," p. 109. •••'fl "', • '"'" "'" …" ""fl :Ii .~~".,–~~~J~:"i~..,.._~) :1 :r-: L….i….A (111~ _"1":1 ~ A. ~ ("fm"If ~~ '111" "" {1im~1 ml'lCn ,.,. "f(WOI ~; • :'–.i.; ~.r–: ~ J "1 II…. c<n1 ~ filii ""'''. '"'" ….. 'fiR'I"Rt"'I ~ 1J11 r.'It'~"C1'''' "'~ (-m : d.i~J~i~ ~L. .~I ~>i;, '.1 t )'. ""_ ~ I ……1 ..1tt….'"""~" 11111."." ..,.-…, fi~ "fl, ____ onl-r.l ~ :J~~.";'~JJ<-J. ~;.w?T.~~i~A "'It'!" rm )., ….. 11 .. '!'O'Pt",",)-rr.."tf1r.It'T~~'" (…m~IP ;nA.

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d'>o,…."….,..~,~n.tr. …..-m.,…………….. 1ftooc·""',·"'· ……·_c-I"I"I(!flI'O:"""'.~1'tton,~""'I'f:". • . ·… 1b'I~1'lD1.'..,"'l'II'l-.rt'.-:~~_,··,.t".'1(~…., ",.'".OI~ ~,~f OJ;I'W.h~fl..-.tt_m'. ~'I:I~ . .<.n"I!t" … (~ 1I.".. ••,,'1l.,..,……… ·-t'l.1I., ……. ~ <II. _ ~.·.'"'._"'~ ~ "',(0 ~.oml-""'~_ "~ .'.:…..-…….~ . _. . •_,…….,…."………"..".. ~ """.,.'. """ "!In<.-.I""""'w:no ,……. _,… … ..,…. –.,., …,.,. ………….. "'1'..n … "

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OIO!I'It.w.m4i _ _I_"'~ """ "",IN. 'l'I""" ,",~t.. I'tn>I ~ • .,., """".""'" 0111 "''''.-tn".'WIm t"'.~1I"'1!tm"' ~.mtl'nn -Itt I'I"'••• "~,,, ~ ~ …,.,… _ …. ~.-,._Ift1~cc.-~","r't""l"I1_~~"'''''''' '1""1 …….. on ~"~",~.,,,._,,",,,,,r,..,.-:,,, I …… "t1I ….~ ",,",..,.r _I~" ~ ……., _ _ …. ~"""'>ffilll….,mo;t:!_"'_,….._ .. ,,-._~ . .,..ttolaI … t'""''U••• _ _…….. _·'''''' """"_ ._ll"ot "Ie"'", fIo. ….. _ • ..,…,.",,~~'II(" ~…..-a …. .. C'Ift~"' ~ …….. mo~ _ _ _ om .."", "'… -…..

…. -.ft<II … _ _ IIIItI …….. 'In'I,_lt.. .,.~.nrt"('II.CIIt"'"~d':lo~~ ~ ___ '"'.. ~ … "I;~!"O<….,…QI'1I…,……..m""'~_, BENGALI TRANSLATION OF THE: KORAN With Christian Footnotes by Rev. Wm. Goldsack t Census Report, 1901, Vol. XIV, p. 61. COlll111gS of the Mohammedan as a cation and capacity, we, a~ a cOI11- cultivator, his lack of energy, his munity, should have to play second thriftlessness, his capacity for getting fiddle in the game of politics." But hopelessly into debt. In the towns no at present, when the Government is part of the population felt the effects in many ways favoring the Moslem of scarcity more than the Moham- community, anel they all their part are medan artizan class of Delhi, Amrit- losing no opportunity to ventilate sar and Lahore."* their grievances against the Hindus, It was not until the formation of the political ambitions of the Moslems the All-India Moslem League at the of India for greater recognition and close of the year 1906 that the 110- power are evident on every hand.

hammedans of India entered into the One has only to read papers likeThe political arena. The reasons they Muslim RC'l'icw, a monthly published themselves give for this are very in- at Allahabad, The Mussulman, pub- teresting. .;fr. Syed Nabi-Ullah, in lished weekly at Calcutta, or the his presidential address before the vernacular papers published at La- Moslem League at Nagpur, declared: hore, Delhi, and Lucknow to see how "'vVe have often been reproached for anxious the educated Moslems are to keeping aloof from politics till so late try their hand at political reform and in the day as the latter end of 1906. nationalism for India.

Even if to-day we are politicians it In spite of recent attempts on is not so much from choice, I am the part of the leaders of Islam to afraid, as by force of circumstances. India to bring about a reconciliation I think myself, however, that this between Hindus and Mohammedans, long abstention from the active pur- the age-long hatred breaks out again suit of politics has debarred liS, if and again in disturbances and riots, from nothing else, at least from the especially on the occasion of the adantages of political training and ed- Moslem feast of sacrifice or during ucation so much needed in the changed their religious processions at Mohar- conditions of the India of to-day. rum. Our illustration shows a crowd Various causes have contributed to of Moslem devotees in Bombay, fol- prevent us from joining hands with lowing the Taziah during the Mohar- the Hindus in their political activities, rum procession. Almost every year or starting political business on our the troops are called out to preserve own account; as, for instance, the order in the large cities of India, and great influence of our late revered frequently there is riot and blood- leader, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, of shed. How the Moslem looks upon blest memory, who enjoined us to the problem is evident from a recent avoid, as far as possible, the thorny article on the subject in The Muslim paths of politics; a disinclination on Revicw. The writer says: "It must our part to embarrass the Government be plain after all that Mohammedans by engaging ill political agitation; an are very reasonable in their practise instinctive feeling, that owing to our of cow slaughter at the Bakr Eed.

wide-spread deficiency in English edu- The Moslems hate idol worship, and '* When-y, "Islam and Christianity in the Far the Government has permitted idol worship to be performed under the East," p. 11 I. very nose of the Moslems. The Hin- life. Three young men came to see dus hate cow-killing, and the Govern- me at Lucknow who were followers ment has required the Moslems to of the new Islam, and one of their sacrifice cows precisely in the manner lirst statements was that in our con- in which thieves divide their booty, yersation no reference should be made in secrecy, constantly afraid lest a to Moslem tradition, which they said Hindu sees them in their business." was wholly unreliable; while the This mutual mistrust and hatred is Koran should be interpreted as a pro- one of the factors of the Moslem gressive revelation suited for the problem in India. Arabs of the desert, but no longer In regard to present-day movements applying in every detail to educated of Moslem thought there are in India, people in India! The new Islam has as in Egypt and Turkey, two distinct just published an English translation tendencies. The modernist move- of the Koran, which they advertise ment touches every Moslem who has as combining all the excellence of for- received a Western education, and the mer English translations but "free advocates of the new Islam are trying from such remarks and misleading to save the ship by throwing over- notes as would make it distasteful to board, if need be, cargo, compass and Moslem readers and positively danger- captain. No orthodox Moslem recog- ous for the young men who derive nizes their interpretation of Islam. their knowledge of Islam through To them the Koran is not literally Western sources." They advocate true 'and the ethics of Islam must be monogamy, the abolition of the pur- accommodated to modern conditions. dah, social reform and the education Civilization compels them to adopt a of women.

new theology, a new philosophy and Strong efforts are being made to new social standards. Nawab Ali of establish a Mohammedan university Aligarh illustrated the wideness of the in connection with the college at Ali- chasm between orthodox Islam and garh. The number of students at the liberal movement when he said: Aligarh is increasing every year, but "Mohammedanism as it is generally the tone of the college is agnostic believed by Moslems is mere cant. It rather than Moslem, and secular has lost its force. It has no stimulat- rather than religious. It is my opin- ing influence on the minds of believ- ion, after visiting the college in I902 ers. The prevalent Islam is a series and again this year, that it is a dis- of questionable doctrines set forth by integrating force as regards the future Abu Hanifa, Hambal and Melik."* of Islam. Orthodox Moslems are of The tendency of the new Islam as the same opinion, and that is why represented by a certain section of the Arabic theological college estab- the Moslem press, but more especially lished at Deoband in the Northwest by Aligarh College, is to rationalize Province in 1866 is the rival of Ali- the teaching of the Koran and to, gar11. The aim of this institution is whitewash· the character of Moham- i to strengthen orthodox Islam. All med by a new interpretation of his instruction is based on the Koran, * Quoted in :Madras Decennial Conference Re· and the students who came from port. p. 344. every part of India, graduate from this school intensely prejudiced and and since then more effort has been the bitter enemies of all infidels, in- made for their evangelization." ~luding Christians. Orthodox Islam is endeavoring in India, as in other At the Cairo Conference in 1906, Moslem lands, to put the hands of a paper was read by the Rt. Rev. Dr. the clock back to the Middle Ages and Lefroy, Bishop of Lahore, on the keep them there lest the new civiliza- "Preparation of Workers," in which tion abrogates the old Koran.* he regretted that there were so few missionaries even in North India qual- Meanwhile new sects are arising on ified by special preparation to deal every hand, some tinged with rational- with the Moslem problem. ism, others with Christian elements, and others like the fantastic charlatan- "Not infrequently during my years ism of the ambitious adventurer, the in Delhi, when I wanted to refer to late Ghulam Ahmad of Quadian. some tradition which I knew existed in one of the well-known collections, III. Neglect but the exact source of which I did not know, it was a cause of real pain If the Moslem population of India to me-and, as I thought, a reproach is to have the Gospel message at this to the missionary cause-that there decisive hour, and in a land where was scarcely a single missionary, so far every door is open and where converts as I knew, in Upper India to whom I from Islam enjoy more liberty than could turn for the needed referenceanywhere else, the problem must no not more than two or three indeed in longer be neglected. That the Mos- the whole of India, an.d to them I lems of India are a neglected class sometimes turned in vain. Surely this of the population was the opinion of reproach ought to be wiped out." the Madras Decennial Conference: "This Conference feels deeply the And still later the volume of correcomparative fewness of the converts spondence that came to Commission from Mohammedanism. It is of the Number I of the Edinburgh World opinion that this is due not so much Conference in regard to this subject, to the character of the religion as to led them to record the conviction that the neglect of systematic efforts to "missions in India have hitherto sadly reach the sixty-two million Moham- neglected the Mohammedans. In medans of India, who are more ac- southern India only a few missioncessible than those in any other part aries have been specially set apart for of the Mohammedan world." At the this work. In northern India special same conference the late Dr. Rouse work among them is carried on only of Calcutta stated: "Until thirty years in the Punjab, in the Frontier Provago the Mohammedans of Bengal inces and in the United Provinces, were very much neglected by Chris- where alone (except in Eastern Bentian missionaries, but the census of gal) they are found in great num- 187I revealed the fact that nearly half bers."* the population were Mohammedan, The call is loud and urgent to every * See an interesting article on this college, its society working in India to set apart character and its tendencies, by H. Martyn Clark, missionaries for special training, to Church Missionary Intelligencer, August, 1900. '* World A1issionary Conference, Vol. I, p. 152.

CHINA'S REVOLUTION SPELLS

work among M osiems, men of daunt- Bibliography less faith and mighty in the Scriptures; and mindful of past neglect, surely W. W. Hunter, The Indian Musalthe present condition of Islam in In- mans. London, 1876. dia is an urgent ca11 to prayer. May it not be true that "the present ap- Qan<?on-e-Islam: Customs of the parent inability of the Christian Moosulmans of India. London, 1832. Church to deal effectively with the great problem of the evangelization The Mohammedan World of Toof Mohammedans is due above all else day. N ew York, 1906. to the weakness of the prayer life, alike in the home churches and in the Wherry: Islam and Christianity in branches' of the church which are the Far East. New York, 1897. springing up in foreign lands,"* and that therefore there is no factor so Beach: India and Christian Opporpotent to solve the problem of Islam tunity. New York, 1905. in India as that of intercession? Stanley Lane-Poole, Medieval In- -:(- Lucknow Conference Resolution~. dia. London, 1903.

vVorld Missionary Conference Re- port, Vol. 1.

Statesman's Year Book. Qadir Husain Khan, South Indian Musulmans. Madras, 1910.

CHINA'S REVOLUTION SPELLS PROGRESS BY Y. S. TSAO* On October 11th the world woke impossible for a reader to fo11ow up to be surprized by the news that closely the course :_ development. It China is facing an intelligently di- is evident, however, that the revolurected revolution. Prior to this, tionary movement has been supported speculations upon the political situa- by public sentiment, and has gained tion of China made by observant stu- at least a strong foothold in no less dents had declared the obstacles to a than ten provinces. revolution to be insurmountable. On account of past experiences, uprisings Causes of the Revolution in China are associated in men's minds only with imminent danger to At VVu Chang, the public execuforeign lives and property. Thus tion of four rebel leaders was given far, however, the contrary has been as the immediate cause of the upthe case in the present revolution, rising, and in the Sze-chuen riot, and the world is a11 the more sur- the conclusion of the foreign loan prized. The rapid succession of was the pretext. Tho the loan from events within the past fortnight have the Four Powers was really a diplorepeated in the Far East great po- matic achievement and should be litical events that have required cen- welcomed, yet this measure convenituries for their accomplishment in ently adopted by the government to European history. This makes it forget its obligations to the people of the four provinces, who have been * Mr. Tsao is a Chinese Christian, 110 <l student at Harvard University. He is editor·in·chief of Tile Chinese Student's Monthl'.

paying specially heavy taxes in order content and impatience has been to finance the roads, was too glaring ready to boil over at any moment a breach of trust for them to tolerate. since last year. It was only pre- The real causes, however, lie still vented by the lack of some eminent deeper. The anti-Manchurian feeling leader, and some plausible pretext. has been strong, but after a review of the deeper-rooted causes, we can For a time the country silently see that even if the government were bowed its head in sorrow when the not Manchurian, under similar cir- three specters-plague, famine, and CUl11stances the same popular resent- flood-stalked over the land. These ment would have resulted. calamities came to a population al- ready suffering from the results of The fundamental key-note was mis- industrial invasion and non-employgovernment. The rulers have been ment. The economic factor was the not only inefficient and autocratic, last straw that broke the camel's but absolutely selfish and untrust- back. That is why in two short worthy. They have been selfish in weeks so much could be accomplished practising nepotism with the abrupt by the revolutionists. dismissal of able and public-spirited leaders; selfish in peculating addi- Parties in the Uprising tional taxes levied specially for reform measures. Even more intoler- Generally speaking, the extent of able have been the insincere promises the revolutionary territory is along made to the people similar to those the Yangste valley, stretching from made by King John. While the high- the province of Sze-chuen to the handed action of the government in Pacific coast. The recent capture of imprisoning or exiling the provincial Shanghai has been of supreme strarepresentatives for demanding an im- tegic importance, for with it the three mediate convocation of a national provinces, Kiangsu, Cheh-kiang, and parliament was remembered by the Fukien, declared themselves indeprovincial assemblies. pendent of the Manchu dynasty. On the north, the rebels are also in con- The opening of new schools, the trol of Singan-fu, the capital of increasing number of returned stu- Shensi, and Tai-yuan-fu, the capital dents, the pUblication of radical pa- of Shansi. The three provinces, pers and magazines, have liberated Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Yunnan the individuals and have inspired a in the south have merely declared national feeling. Nationalism natu- themselves independent republics, but rally breeds impatience, self-assertion are generally in sympathy with the and pro-Chinese inclinations. The revolutionaries. Practically, Chili and people were ready to dictate better Shangtung are the only two provmeasures for the government if the inces yhich have not yet fully stated national parliament had been granted. their sympathy. The desire for a more aggressive action was most keen and intense when Thus, as the southern provinces Japan, Russia, and England were are extreme RepUblicans, the central making military demonstrations last are moderate Republicans, and the year. This bubbling caldron of dis- northern are loyal Constitutionalists. The central region, with its head-

CHINA'S REVOLUTION SPELLS PROGRESS 92I

quarters at Wu-Chang, is by far the The Law of the Pendulum strongest party, and is gammg strength every day. General Li Yuen There is a law that has been in Heng, the revolutionary president evident operation in the land of Siand general, distrusts the promises nim. Ever since the China-Japan of the government, and demands the Var, the country has been in a state support of Yuan Shih Kai. The of unrest. According to the law of northern constitutional party is led by the pendulum, action is equal to rcthe National Assembly, and is sup- action in the contrary direction, so ported by the Army League of Lan- the course of progress in China has chau, under General Chang, C0111- been twice set back by conservative mander of the Twentieth Division. and reactionary influences. Never- They have demanded a National Par- theless, the progressive party is ever liament from the throne, and have gaining strength in each sweep of the time and again offered the temporary pendulum. premiership of a responsible cabinet to Yuan Shih Kai. The reverses of the war with Japan caused a rude awakening, and the Evidently, Yuan is the central late emperor, with the assistance of figure, and he is between two fires. the reform party, headed by Kang On the one hand, he is doubtful of Yu Wei and Liang Chi Chiao, dethe sincerity of the throne; on the creed a series of radical reforms that other, he is not in full sympathy with led to the coup d'etat. The reaction the republican program. While the blindly led to the painful experience constitutionalists have the support of of 1900, and when the Manchurian a small body of well-drilled troops, leaders of the Boxers, Tung Fuh the assembly and the tottering gov- Hsian and Prince Tuan were banernment, the revolutionaries have the ished, the cause of reform again desympathy of no less than I3 prov- veloped a brighter prospect. The late inces. The issue has therefore re- Empress Dowager was convinced of solved itself between a republic and the necessity of reform, and she had a limited constitutional monarchy. If the man to direct her. Yuan most the revolutionaries could be convinced successfully organized a new army, a of the greater desirability of having police system, an educational system, a constitutional government like that a judicial court at Tientsin, he sysof Great Britain, the fusion should tematized the railway management, not be difficult to effect. In either improved foreign relations, recomcase, if Yuan should come forth and mended a Constitution, and other declare his sympathy with either side, similar reforms. The pendulum the crisis of permanent secession reached the limit at the deaths of might yet be avoided, and Yuan is the Empress Dowager and the Emnot likely to remain silent long on peror, when Yuan and Tuan Fang, such an important issue. We hope the two most promising statesmen that he will decide early enough of the day, fell. Since then, the reto avoid international complications trogression . has been rapid. The ansmg from any extensive destruc- people agitated for an immediate tion of foreign lives and property. parliament, but the government re- sisted the demand stubbornly. With

this public disappointment, with the they accomplish their operations is vacillating and weak policy of the not surprizing when we consider the government, plague, famine, flood, current sympathy of the local leaders.

financial stringency and foreign ag- The government officials could not gressions, the people do not deem it and did not offer any stubborn re- advisable to wait any longer. Thus sistance against popular sentiment, using the foreign loan as a pretext, especially in places where the Man- the revolution was precipitated. churian community is too small and 'Whenever the conservative element too weak to make any defense pos- of the government gains control, sible.

there is retrogression and chaos. It Judging from China's conditions is highly significant that now the en- and national characteristics, a repub- tire public demands a better order of lican form of government is not de- things-and the people shall rule. sirable, and is not likely to be estab- The Probable Outcome lished. The majority of the public and the constitutionalists are agreed The recent developments up to No- on this point. So the supreme issue vember 7th indicate the utter de- is "What about an emperor?" Both moralization of the Imperial Govern- the northern and the southern parties ment. The National Assembly, sup- could not supply a ruler, thus the ported by the Army League for a constitutionalists advocate the reten- short time, dictated remedial meas- tion of the present emperor, while ures, but without any strong leader the Republicans ask for a president.

to serve the cause, the responsibility Had any strong leading family cham- has finally shifted to General GIang, pioned the revolutionary cause from leader of the Army League. Yuan the beginning, that leader could have has steadily declined the premiership been enthroned by common consent.

offered by the assembly, but we must Whatever be the form of govern- not construe this to mean that his ment, the revolutionaries are likely to hand has not been seen in active succeed, and with the tide, men of operation attempting to affect a com- modern training would guide the promise between the Republicans and Ship of State. This is not by virtue the Constitutionalists. Latest news of self-assertion, but by public opin- informs us that Yuan is in actual ion as evidenced by the men ap- possession of a document from Li pointed or elected by the Hankow Yuen Heng, outlining no less than and 'Shanghai administrations. There 2S of their demands, the most sig- is a general desire among all parties nificant of which is to provide ade- to restore peace and order as speedily quate pensions by the new Republic as possible, so as to avoid Possible for the members of the Imperial foreign intervention. The revolu- Court to be confined at Jehof. tionary leaders are men of modern While these negotiations are pend- education, who are alive to this ne- ing, the revolutionaries have not been cessity, and they have it within their losing time to acquire new territory power to terminate all hostilities or capture cities of strategic im- when they are reasonably assured of portance. The facility with which a republic or an honest constitu-

CHINA'S REVOLUTION SPELLS

tional government as the result of a progressives of the new and the radicompromise. cals of the old, but primarily the ri- valry of two modern cooperating Prospects of- Progreos parties. These might be typified by the constitutional Yuan and the Re- Before proceeding to generaliza- publican Li. Therefore, in order to tions, let us make a bird's-eye-view depict the prospects of general progstudy of the personalities involved ress, socially, politically, and resince the war with Japan in the al- ligiously, we should not judge from ternating land-marks of progress the actual results achieved within the and retrogression. During the war, past five years, but it should be in- Marquis Li Hung Chang was the terpreted in the dominant progressonly one who realized the absurdity ive spirit when Yuan Shih Kai was of fighting with modernized Japan. at the height of his power, and with He appreciated his solitary position the retarding influences that caused and he could only serve in negotia- his downfall removed. Progress, obting the peace treaty. Then the re- served Lord Macaulay, should not be form party appeared with Kang Yu judged by short periods of time, but Wei and Liang Chi Chiao at the by the general trend of affairs. head, but the conservative element Hitherto, China's reform has been was so strong at the court that be- sporadic and spasmodic, but hencefore long the Emperor was impris- forth with the air purified of existing oned and they had to flee for life. reactionary influences, the spirit made When the invulnerable Boxers ex- homogeneous and a national ideal ercised their magic, the Manchurian unified, the path of progress would leaders, Prince Tuan, Tung Fuh naturally be smoother and broader. Hsian, J ung Lu and Li Lien Ying (the chief eunuch) were in power. We realize at the same time, there Upon the return of the court from are other difficulties to be contended Shensi, it was purified considerably, with, notably the problem of foreign and Yuan Shih Kai, backed by the relations, the indebtedness to the late Empress Dowager, achieved nu- powers, the financia1 stringency, the merous reforms. Then the Manchu- hardships of industrial revolution, rian progressive princes sought for the elimination of self-seeking men, power, but while progressive, they the development of a new moral ideal lacked real knowledge of modern and the solution of the religious probworld conditions and experience; lem. But if China is more capable thus, when the best men were dis- of facing these questions, it is China missed through their jealousy, the unified and purified. Bitter experigovernment became inefficient and ences have taught that the mere acinert. This brief resume points out knowledgment of the necessity of reconvincingly the gradual process of form has proved insufficient. People eliminating the conservative and the are emphasizing cooperation, selfinadequate. sacrifice, and social service. They are asking why can not our men or- Henceforth, there will not be the ganize more successfully, why is opposing parties of radicals and con- there a lack of cooperative spirit, and servatives of the old school or the

why is the sense of public service tive Christians, leaders of deep conweak and the desire for selfish gains victions are rapidly developing, and strong. In this inquiry, what will the enterprise of organizing a native be the answer and the only natural church has been attempted." answer. Indeed, the advanced guards have already realized that while When Yuan Shih Kai was in knowledge is important, and patriot- power, he prepared a treatise known ism necessary, only religious convic- as "Harmony between Church and tion is vital. True religion is not People," to be used as a text in all fanaticism or ethics, but the strict schools. "To-day the government adherence to the fundamental divine gave its sanction for the holding, in principles of righteousness and jus- the very heart of the country, of a tice. This ideal widens one's hori- conference of government school stuzon, deepens one's convictions, and dents, with the express purpose of strengthens the whole being. studying 'Present-ciay Problems and Christianity.''' Many cities are in- The Religious Awakening viting the establishment of Young Men's Christian Associations, and at Of the thousands of students in Shanghai, Tientsin, and other large Japan, Europe, and America, large cities, the associations are packed numbers are annually being convinced with active young men who will of this truth. Many have become eventually direct the destiny of the professing Christians, while others country. Three active members of are only following in the distance. the Shanghai Association were ap- Last year in China no less than 600 pointed as directors of the Shanghai young men volunteered to be Chris- Nanking Railroad, of the Indemnity tian workers, in spite of the tempt- Fund Scholars, and the Commissioner ing and remunerative positions of- to the International Opium Conferfered to them. Such examples could ence at The Hague. not fail to produce a salutary influence upon their elders and fellow- What more evidences do we restudents, who admire their personal quire to prove that with the coming ability and the zeal for service. The of a new regime, which would enday is approaching when young men force universal education and acof strength and moral courage will knowledge equality and religious feel proud to stand before the public freedom, the onward progress of real and declare their convictions. "The civilization and Christianity is asperiod of suspicion and misconcep- sured. This belief is not built upon tion of the missionary ideal can be an imaginary optimistic portrayal, safely said to be over, the period of but based upon the analysis and inindifference and antagonism shown terpretation of recent historical to Christianity as a foreign religion events. is rapidly passing, and the conception of the Gospel as having no higher [N ate-Latest. news confirm the final significance than mere ethical teadl- snccess of the revolutionary cause. Reings is vanishing. In their stead, cent acts of brutality and incendiarism there is a nation-wide open-minded- committed by the Manchus militate ness to inquire and accept, strong na- against them strongly. Even Yuan Shih- Kai formally declares his allegiance to the people's will and counsels peaceful abdication.-Nov. 11.] ,,,,- o 100 200 300 .!GO ~ too l~t · By courtesy of The Outlook, New York.

~E OF MILES I Io ~OO ,,& coo 800 1000 Bay of Biscay ,~ /"

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NCH w,:m. I E…..'.,Co .•.Y. Gulf 0/ Guinea By courtesy of The Outlook, New York..

SCE.NES OF STRIFE IN CHINA AND AFR[CA

CHURCH MISSIONARY

ITS FIELDS (INNER CIRCLE) ITS FUNCTIONS (OUTER CIRCLE) SptRITU4l.

PLAN OF MEN:S MOVEMENT FOR MISSIONS HOME M'S510N5:- .COM~ C~"'RMEN OF EXEC. OO….'SS'ON .ABOUT A DOXEN (UNDER W~"TE.£R ~H') AND-OF It)f'( OTHER (.OtU1rrrf,£S ADDITIONAL LAYMEN OF PRE~aYTEFrf THE UNITED MISSIONS COMMITTEE HOW TO ORGANIZE THE MEN

A RRPRESENTATIVES MENJS MISSIONARY COMMITTEE AT W ORK TN NEWARK~ N . J

SOLVING THE PROBLEM THE CHURCH FINDING A BETTER WAY TO FULFIL HER MISSION TO THE WORLD BY DAVID MC CONAUGHY, NEW YORK Forward }.tlovement Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I.-The Gene"is of the Church Every member-man as well as wom- Missionary Committee an- -is appointed to be a missionary, whether permitted to go abroad or EVERY CREATURE IS TO BE GIVEN THE obliged to remain at home. For this end each member of His Body is GOSPEL saved of God, that he may be sent into the world, to make known His salva- EVERY CHRISTIAN IS TO HELP GIVE THE tion.

GOSPEL TO EVERY CREATURE The Church has, however, drifted EVERY CHURCH IS TO CONSIST OF far away from that primary purpose. It is a far cry from the primitive CHRISTIANS, EVERY ONE OF WHOM Church-the whole membership of which was essentially a missionary so- IS UNDER COVENANT TO HELP GIVE ciety, composed mainly of men, to the modern missionary society, made THE GOSPEL TO EVERY CREATURE up of a minority of the members in any church, and these exdusively Christ conceived the Church in her entirety to be a missionary societyin fact, the one and only missionary society. It is utterly foreign to His thought, that any section of the Church should do what the whole was designed and commissioned to do.

women. Whatever has been gained some other specific object on the from thus setting up "a wheel within fIeld abroad. Most of these organizaa wheel," the loss of the sense of the tions have been short-lived. It has solidarity of the Church in fulfilling been a more common experience for the one great purpose of her exist- circles, whether of men or women or ence is surely a heavy price to have young people, to be formed for purpaid. Nowadays the average member poses of study. has little or no idea that, in joining the Church he is becoming part of The mission-study leaders have laid the missionary society which Jesus it down as a cardinal principle that the established for the propagation of the mission-study class is not another faith through all the earth. "We do missionary organization, but simply a the missionary work of our church grouping together of individuals for through our Women's Missionary So- the time being for the specific purpose ciety," is still the unconscious con- of mutual help in study. The functions fession of faithlessness that represents of the Church are not thus usurped, the decadence of many a church. nor is the sense of its solidarity im- paired, by segregating a fraction of It may be asked, why should not the the membership in a separate society. men in each church likewise constitute themselves into a men's mission- At last the Church is awaking to ary society-the complement of the this necessity, and is supplying the women's society? Because that were missing link in her chain of organizaunscriptural, undesirable, and unsat- tion. In most sections of the Church isfactory. It is unscriptuml; for "in there has long been in existence a sys- Christ Jesus, there is neither male nor tem of missionary committees, startfemale." The Church was never de- ing with the several boards as the signed to be divided into sex-tight committees for the Church at large, compartments; it was meant to act with corresponding committees of suas a unit-the Body of Christ. Such pervision for the conference, or Synod, division into societies is unnecessary; and then extending down to the disfor rather than multiply special meet- trict, or classes of Presbytery.. But, ings for missions, missions should be strange to say, in most of the commagnified in the regular meetings of n1l1nions, there has been no provision the Church. That divinely appointed for a missionary committee serving as mission to the world which is the the link in the local church to comraison. d'etre of the Church should be plete the chain and connect the indiput in in its rightful place, central in vidual member with the carrying out all the Church's services and activities. of the Church's mission. Of late, how- To organize men's missionary societies ever, the call has rung out clear and would be unsatisfactory, too; for the strong, reaffirming the claim of that experiments that have been tried have mission to be made central in all the uniformly failed. Usually, where plans of the Church. Under the joint men's missionary societies have been auspices of the Annual Conference of formed, they have been a sort of syn- the Board of Foreign Missions, the dicate to underwrite a missionary's Home Missions Council, the Laysalary, or to assume the support of men's Missionary Movement, and the Missionary Education Movement (until reeently known as the Young body is too much absorbed with the People's Missionary Movement), a many other interests for which it is commission has been at work, since responsible to do justice to the mani- January, 1910, upon A UNIFIED PLAN fold and exacting demands of the OF MISSIONARY EDUCATION AND GIVING. Church's mission to the world; be- A recommendation was submitted cause a maximum of efficiency with during the early part of the present a minimum of machinery can best be year to the various bodies concerned, secured by the simplest type of organ- and unanimously approved. The ization, which is the committee; be- Commission was continued, with au- cause the Church Missionary Commit- thority, to prepare and publish a tee coordinates the work of the sev- Manual for the use of the Church eral departments, unifying the activi- Missionary Committee. Pursuant to ties of the men and women and young these instructions, "The Church Mis- people around the central purpose of sionary Committee: a Manual of Sug- the Church; because it supplies the gestions," has been prepared, which missing link between the local con- may be obtained from any of the gregation and the agencies of the boards, home and foreign, or from church at large, in each communion; the interdenominational missionary because it develops lay leadership movements. ' and service, distributing responsibil- ity and relieving the overloaded shoul- ll.-The Enlisting and Training of the ders of the pastor, thus permitting Church Missionary Committee him to be primarily a seer, instead of The need for a missionary commit- immersing him in executive duties- tee in every church is being empha- for these reasons the Church Mis- sized all . over North America, in sionary Committee is indispensable.

connection with the Laymen's Mission- With the awakening of the Church ary Movement, the Men and Religion to her mission, such committees have Movement, and allied efforts. The multiplied, until they are now to be Missionary Committee, representative found in many churches. As yet, of alI departments of the Church, ap- however, the scope of the Church pointed by the official body, and an- Missionary Committee's work has nually renewed, meeting each month, been but imperfectly grasped. Its im- charged with the educational as well portance, its place, its functions are as the financial aspects of the whole only beginning to be appreciated by mission of the Church, at home and the Church in general. The publica- abroad, becomes a nerve-center in the tion of the Church Missionary Com- Church's life. Because the Church mittee Manual challenges the atten- in her entirety is essentially and pri- tion of the Church as never before to marily a missionary society; because this vital part of her organization.

what is everybody's business in gen- Interesting experiments are being eral is liable to become nobody's bus- tried with a view to its development.

iness in particular, unless it be made the business of some Body in the The Newark Experiment church to get everybody to attend to A sample of such laboratory work this business; because the official recently carried on in the Presbytery vf Newark, N. J., is suggestive of what Presbyterial Committees, which thus combine for specific purposes, is caremay be possible elsewhere. fully preserved. The function of ·the United Missions Committee is a lim- Realization of the need of closer ited one, and may prove to be only temporary. In any case, its permacooperation between the Home and nence must depend upon its efficiency.

Foreign Mission forces led to the How to Put the Plan Into OPeration adoption of the following "Plan of the Preliminary Conference Men's Movement for Missions": I. Begin with a conference of the members of the Foreign Missions Advantages of the Plan Committee, the Home Missions Com- mittees (National Synodical or Pres- (I) By bringing together the byterial) and the chairmen of the Home and Foreign Missions forces in Exeeutive Commission and of any real concert of action for the promo- other standing committees of Presbytion of the interests common to both tery, together with about a dozen of it remozJes the greatest barrier that the leading laymen who are most alive has hitherto hindered the progress of to the missionary obligation of the both causes. Church (some of these may be selected later) . (2) It happily combines the conservative and progressive forces, rec- Have clearly presented and thorognizing and including on the one oughly discust: hand the official committees of Presbytery, and on the other the voluntary (a) Our Distinct Missionary Relay agency which the Men's Mission- sponsibility (at home and abroad) and ary Movement is calling forth. Thus how far it is being met. men of great possibilities, who, not being elders, have no place in the (b) Interests common to Home Presbyterial committees may relate Missions and Foreign. themselves to the Missionary Movement. (c) How best combine our forces and adapt our methods to fulfil our (3) A far more effective approach responsibility. is made to the churches and particularly to the sessions, when in the in- (d) How relate ourselves to the Interest of the entire work, and not terdenominational Missionary Movemerely in behalf of some special in- ments. terest, the appeal is made for the speedy enlistment of the whole Church Let this conference agree upon coto fulfil her whole mission to the operation and appoint a small special world. By thus presenting a united committee to work out a plan for a front, the appeal is doubled in effec- United Missions Committee, in the tiveness. light of experience in other Presby- teries (see leaflet, "The Presbyterian (4) A point of contact with the in- Men's Movement for Missions United terdenominational Missionary M ove- Committee"). It should also be aume;tt is, likewise, afforded. Presby- thorized to complete the United Comtenan men may thus take their place mittee. in campaigns such as those of the Laymen's Movement and the Men and ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE Religion MoYement, while at the same time loyally supporting the agencies of 2. At an adjourned meeting, adopt their communion. the plan presented by the special com- mittee and elect the officers of the (5) Without adding to the present United Committee, viz., a Chairman, organization hut rather reducing it, Vice-Chairman (the Chairmen of the combining what already exists, this Home and Foreign Missions Commitplan makes for a maximmn of effi- tees may be made ex officio Viceciency with a minimum of machinery. Chairmen of the United Committee), At the same time the integrity of the a Secretary and a Treasurer. Very

THE PROBLEM 92

much will depend upon the man at the (a) To secure and circulate suithead-as well as behind-the plan. able literature for the information of Take special care to select the men the members of the United Committee best fitted, especially for chairman and and the district committees as to the secretary. The officers, together with purposes and plans of the Movement, the chairmen of the several districts both Presbyterian and interdenominainto which the churches of the Presby- tional; and to furnish the same to the tery are to be grouped, constitute the district committees, also, in such quan- Executive Committee. The United tities as may be required to supply the Committee will be too large to meet missionary committees in the churches. frequently. It will afford a representative and influential backing for the (b) To hold a rally of the men of Movement, the initiative and direction the Presbytery annually, and to coof which will be furnished mainly operate with the district committees in through the Executive Committee and holding conferences in the several the several district committees. churches.

Divide the churches into groups, ac- (c) To plan for and conduct occacording to geographical and other con- sional campaigns participated in by siderations with a view to accessibility missionaries and other representatives and effective cooperation-ordinarily of the boards of the church. not more than seven churches in a district. (d) To cooperate with the Pres- byterian Men's Movement in other THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Presbyteries in securing representation at conventions of the Movement. 3. The Executive Committee should give its most thorough attention at the (e) To cooperate with the interdeoutset to finding the strongest possible nominational Missionary Movements leaders for the several districts. These (Laymen's, Men and Religion, Young men become members of the Execu- People's) in securing representation tive Committee in virtue of their ap- at training conferences and in participointment as chairmen of the district pation in campaigns which may be committees. They are authorized to held from time to time. flnd out in each church, by consultation with the pastors and officers, the (f) To secure the funds required best qualified man for appointment as for carrying on the Movement. a member of the District Committee, subject to confirmation by the Exec- .(g) To meet regularly (preferably utive Committee. Important as it is on a fixt day of each month) during to complete the district committees the active season, to review the rewith the least possible delay, it is even ports of the district chairmen, and for more important to get the right men such other business as may require atfor these responsible positions; it may, tention. therefore, be wise in some cases to make haste slowly. Usually the chair- THE DISTRICT COMMITTEE man of the Church Missionary Committee-or the man who is to become 4. The main objective before each the chairman of such committee when District Committee is to secure in constituted-should be selected. The every church an eRicient Missionary District Committee should be com- Committee, representative of the sevposed as far as possible of laymen. eral departments, appointed by the Session and annually revised. (See In addition to constituting and con- "The Missionary Committee Manstantly cooperating with the several ual.") district committees, the Executive The District Committee should keep Committee is charged with the follow- constantly in close and sympathetic ing other duties: touch with each Church Missionary Committee: (a) In ascertaining the financial method and actual status of mission- ary and benevolence contributions, in-

eluding in the analysis the number of secured. A regular time for the contributors as well as the aggregate monthly meeting of the Executive Committee was fixt. The first amounts contributed and the per month was devoted to a still-hunt for capita, for work in America and the best man available in each church, to serve as a member of the District abroad, compared with current ex- Committee-preferably the chairman penses. of the Church Missionary Committee, . (b) In planning and carrying on or (if none had yet been appointed) a continuous course of education, by the man who was most likely to bemeans of literature and study, in both come chairman. congregation and Sunday-school. For the next month, the Executive (c) In carrying on a cooperative set out to find the most likely mamissionary meeting. In order to in- terial for the committees in the troduce such a meeting where it is not several churches. It was agreed that yet established, the District Commit- this could best be accomplished tee might undertake to conduct such by attempting to carry out some one a meeting, visiting the church as a of the lines of work for which a body for the purpose; thus the com- Church Missionary Committee should mittee would itself be getting valuable be responsible. As a starting-point, the training, while greatly helping the MONTHLY MISSIONARY MEETING was churches. selected. How could the idea of such a meeting cooperatively carried on by (d) In cooperating in arrange- the members of the church best be ments for a Men's Conference, to in- given? Surely by seeing it demonaugurate an every-member canvass strated. Where was such a meeting for the enlistment of the entire church to be seen? A church was chosen in in support of its entire Missionary which the ideal was already being reand Benevolent work; such an inspira- alized, and to that church, on the night tional. and educational conference of the monthly missionary meeting, should be held in every church at least the district chairman brought a man once each year. from each of the churches of his group. This is the type of meeting (e) In securing a complete card they saw: They found a layman in index for the men for use in distribu- charge-the member of the missiontion of literature and invitations, to ary committee to whom this special missionary gatherings both denomi- duty had been committed. After an national and interdenominational. opening Scripture reading, hymn, and prayer, there was a swift survey, in (f) The District Committee should which several different persons conmeet at least quarterly for prayer and tributed fresh items of current events, conference and mutual help. each from a particular section of the world-field; they had been asked to The United Missions Committee serve as reporters, not attempting to make a speech, but to state a single met, divided the churches of the Pres- fact, the livest that could be found, bytery in five workable districts, and constituted its Executive Com- mittee. This executive is the real driving-wheel and steering-wheel of the movement. It is made up of the officers of the United Committee, to- gether with the chairmen of the five districts. Care was taken to find real leaders for these district appoint- ments, men of executive ability, force- ful, tactful, persistent, and with un"

doubted heart interest. It took sev- eral weeks before all five had been

t9 II ] SOLVING THE PROBLEM 93

presented vividly, with a special view ( 2) The obj ect-lesson given proved to stimulating prayer. No onc was ;l revelation of what it is possible to allowed more than two minutes, for make such a meeting by cooperation, the leader rose as a signal if anyone under the leadership of the Church failed to stop within the limit. Then Missionary Committee. followed an interval of intercession and thanksgiving, called forth by the (3) The reflex effect upon the com- information given. The main topic mittee members themselves, from mawas "The Bible at Work in the Non- king the necessary preparation for the Christian vVorld," presented by three meeting, was most helpful in deepenmen in six minutes each. ing their interest and, also, in enrich- ing experience. Covering: (I) Its Translation, (2) Its Publication and Circulation, (3) By means of such laboratory work, Its Fruitage (in concrete incidents). men were discovered in the various By ten minutes before nine o'clock the churches, who could be utilized as the meeting had been thrown open for nucleus, in each case, of a Church Misvoluntary prayer or for contribution sionary Committee. to the main topic, and before the clock struck, the congregation was dis- The next step was to afford more missed. The men who had been thorough training with a view to inbrought together from nine churches creased efficiency for the work of the then gathered around a table in a side committee. To accomplish this it was room, and were formed into a church decided to conduct missionary committee; a sample session was conducted, as of an initial A MONTH'S CAMPAIGN meeting for a season in a local church. Thus this group of men got two at the opening of the active season in working ideas which they carried back the autumn. Early in September a to put into operation, each in his own program for this campaign took defichurch. iVithin two weeks twenty-six nite shape. It included three distinct of the churches had thus been put in features: A rally of the men of all touch with the committee's plan. The the churches, a course of training for district committeemen were also asked church missionary committeemen, and whether they would go to other a missions week in the local church churches and reproduce what they had with a simultaneous every-member just seen illustrated. They cheerfully canvass. responded and then the impression was extended yet farther. By such 1. The rally of the men of the team-work three advantages were churches at a supper-table conference gained: commenced at 4 P.M., and continued throughout the evening. The tickets ( I) The very fact that a group of for this conference were assigned promen from adjoining churches were portionately to the churches, the numcoming to conduct a missionary meet- ber being limited to the capacity of the ing, constituted a challenge to the largest room available for the purpose. church visited, and in' each instance There were two hundred men in atwas largely increased. tendance, thoroughly representative of nearly all of the English-speaking churches. A registration fee of $1.00 was charged, including the cost of the supper.

The program covered "the Mission rious churches, providing thus for 50 of the Church to the Vorld," "The services. The churches were urged to Methods by which the Church May prepare for an every-member canvass Best Fulfil Her Mission," a report to be conducted during this period by by the chairman of the United Mis- a force of canvassers, sufficient to sions Committee followed by confer- reach the entire membership with a ence, and a closing address on "The personal visit, going out two and two. Moving of God Among the Men of It was suggested that these canvassers To-day." be specialIy set apart for this visita- tion at the Sunday morning service in 2. The Course of Training for public prayer, being gathered in front Church Missionary Committees was of the pulpit, and specially commended laid out to cover: to the congregation upon whom they would be expected to call. The report The .Missionary Aim and Motive. of the canvass was asked for so as to Our Field and Achievements. be presented to the people on the clo- Our Force and Methods. sing Sunday. Our Funds and Administration. Our Base of Supplies and How Practical Results to Develop It. One of the most conservative old These circles met at the most con- churches, with a large endowment, apvenient center in each of the five dis- pointed a church missionary committee tricts. With a total registration of 56 before the course was completed. Two (of whom 53 were men) represent- elders, a deacon, and a minister of this ing 30 of the 36 English-speaking church attended one of the circles. churches, there was an average weekly Such committees are already organattendance for the first four weeks ized in more than a dozen of the (up to the time this record is writ- churches, and there is reason to expect ten) of 51. Among those enrolled that the large majority will have their were 8 ministers, 18 elders, 2 deacons, committees at work in the near future. 3 trustees, 4 Sunday-school superin- At least a score of these churches tendents, 3 officers of the young peo- have put their missionary support ple's societies, and 2 officers of the upon the basis of an individual subwomen's missionary societies. The scription with a weekly offering in list of occupations included the bank- worship by envelop. The Executive er, the lawyer, the manufacturer, the Committee of the Men's Missionary merchant, the publisher, the teacher, Movement is pushing persistently etc. toward the securing of like results in 3. The Missions Week in the local every church at the earliest possible church covered two Sundays, and the day. Systematic effort is being made intervening days. Eleven outside to follow up this short course with speakers were secured through the more extended courses of mission Home and Foreign Mission Boards, study in the individual churches. and assigned appointments in the va-

AND ITS MISSIONS*

Tripoli is the name both of the city At Tripoli there is an encampment and of the country in North Africa. of Haussas who live in zarebas or The country of Tripoli is situated on huts of bamboo and palm-leaf; hunthe North African coast where the dreds of these zarebas fill a great en- Mediterranean bends furthest to the closure, or kraal, as in Central Africa. south. On these shores there are the These dark-skinned strangers with famous quicksands which the Greeks their pearly white teeth secure plenty and Romans knew as the Greater and of employment in Tripoli, and find Lesser Syrtes, and which were an ob- themselves quite at home. They are ject of great fear to ancient naviga- nearly all Mohammedans, and in the tors. center of their village there is the hut of a black marabout, who exercises Tripoli has been since 1835 a prov- religious control over the encampment. ince of the Turkish Empire, and extends eastward from Tunis to the The slaves who are sold in Morocco tableland of Barca (Benghazi), which and Tripoli are all brought from the in 1869 was formed into a separate Sudan and the regions extending from province. Politically Tripoli includes Lake Tchad to the Guinea coast have the pashalic of Fezzan, an inland coun- furnished an almost inexhaustible suptry, which physically belongs to the ply to the slave raider. The chief de- Sahara. The area of the state of Tri- pots of this trade have been Timbuctu poli is about four times that of Great in the west, and Kuka in the east. Britain, but owing to the encroachment of the desert the area of culti- There are four different routes vated land is not large. across the desert. That followed by The population of the country is Caille, when he entered Timbuctu; very sparse-(estimated at about one another avoiding Algeria, and coming million). The coast line extends for out at Ghadamis; a third from Kuka, some seven hundred or eight hundred via Murzuk; and lastly, a secret route, miles, but there is only one seaport of known only to the Senusi (a large fraconsequence, the city of Tripoli, which ternity of Moslems located in Tripoli, is the capital. This city, with a popu- and who make proselytizing wars and lation of about 30,000, lies in a fer- expeditions), from iTadai to their tile plain with the sea in front and the capital. The ports of embarkation for desert behind. Turkey are both in Tripoli, and slaves are still conveyed to Canea, Salonica, The importance of Tripoli is that it Constantinople and Smyrna. Never is the center of the trade which comes less thart fifteen caravans, which bring across the desert from the Sudan about 10,000 captives alive to tell the states. It is the point of arrival and tale, cross the desert every year. Mr. departure of the camel caravans Spont estimates that about 40,000 victhrough the oases of Fezzan, south- tims fall en route, and it is said that westward to Timbuctu. Murzuk is you can not lose your way, for the the capital of Fezzan, and a caravan road is lined with human skulls. center, and has a mixed population of about II,OOO souls. The town of Tripoli is of especial interest from Chadamis has about 7,000 inhabitants. a missionary point of view, as it is a possible stepping-stone to work in the In 1869 the maritime plateau of Sudan. The city of Tripoli has been Barca and the deprest region inland in past years the starting-point for from it, which contains the oaSes of travelers such as Denham and Clap- erton, who visited Lake Tchad. Anjila and Jalo, were formed into a Twenty-five years ago the whole separate government dependent direct- country of Tripoli was without any lyon Constantinople. This country is Protestant missionary or even a conthe seat of the ancient Greek Pentap- sular chaplain. It had been in Moslem olis of Bernice, Arsinoe, Barca, Apol- hands since the conquest, I,200 years Ionia, and Cyrene.

• From The Gospel in North Africa.

before. The population was about and some even from the Sudan itself.

1,000,000, of whom all but a few were Vhen they return they carry with Mohammedans, but they were divided them the report of what they have into two classes-the true natives, and heard, and it is often remarkable to their Turkish rulers and oppressors. discover how correctly they have There was as much, or as little, free- grasped the truth in their minds, tho dom for the preaching of the Gospel their hearts may be still sealed in Tripoli as in other parts of the against it.

Turkish Empire. The work of visiting the cafes, The city of Tripoli is practicaIly stores, and workshops has been most built in an oasis on the edge of the diligently followed up, and the visit- Mediterranean Sea with the desert ing of the homes, and conducting around it. The Turks object to Eu- classes has been mainly the work of ropeans going beyond this oasis, for the ladies. Itinerating has had very they say that the country is not se- little place in the work of this country cure, and fear that travelers may be on account of Turkish restrictions on robbed or killed by the tribes, whom traveling.

they can not well control. This, of There is a bookshop which has done course, is an admission that their rule useful work, and there have been some is not satisfactory, but it is a good lantern services and work among the excuse for stopping travelers or mis- Italians, but not to the extent that has sionaries. Probably there is more dan- been possible in Tunis and Susa. This ger from the Turkish soldiers than is partly because the staff has been from the natives. While therefore the smaller, and also because the oppor- caravans going into the Sudan may be tunities have not been so good.

reached, the missionary himself has The attitude of the people generally been unable to penetrate beyond a few toward the missionaries has wonder- 'miles from the coast. In I889 the fully changed for the better, and they council of the North African Mission recognize that the missionaries' lives sent two missionaries, Mr. Michell and are much superior to those of the best Mr. H. Harding, to begin work there. Moslems. The Arabic scriptures have The latter was a qualified chemist who been scattered far and wide, and are had had considerable experience with being read in places little thought of.

a doctor. On arriving they soon began In due season the reaping time wiII visiting the cafes and giving medicines come. Already a few Moslems have to the sick. Since then other workers given evidence of being truly con- have entered the field. W orki,ng under verted.

Turkish rule is in some respects more Among the Italians a certain amount difficult than under the French, and of work has been done, and there have in others less so. It is easier to do been hopeful cases of conversion.

medical work, but more difficult for Services have also been held for the Moslems to profess faith in Christ. few English people who reside in the The visible results of the work are as city, and some of them have availed yet small, but an abundance of the themselves of these opportunities. On good seed has been sown, and a few the whole, however, results have beeri grains have sprung up and are begin- few, and we need to pray specially for ning to bear fruit. God's blessing on His servants in this Here, as in many other places, the difficult field.

Gospel work gathers largely round the The North Africa Mission is now medical mission. At least 60,000 visits the only Protestant missionary society have been paid to the dispensary, and having workers in the country. The these people have been faithfully dealt Roman Catholics have missionaries with about the great realities of the working among the Italians in Tripoli, Vord of God. Some of these patients and Barka, but Tripoli is, on the have come from several days' journey, whole, a greatly neglected field.

NEW-BORN MEN IN CHINA*

A REMARKABLE STORY OF CONVERSION In the autumn of 1909 the Young ing day at his home still further ex- Men's Christian Association at Tient- plaining Christianity to him. He did sin decided to inaugurate a campaign not at this time decide to make a pub- to secure 42,000 taels for the purpose lic profession, but admitted his belief of buying a lot upon which to erect a in Christ as the only Savior. During new building. In considering how this conversation the subject of the this money should be secured, the money which the Young Men's Chris- Board decided that if it were secured tian Association desired to raise was it would be necessary to secure at least talked of, and Mr. Ou Yang offered to one subscriptioll of 25,000 taels, to- make a subscription of I5,000 taels gether with other smaller subscrip- toward this object. At this time he tions of 1,000, 500, IOO and less. At had never been seen by any of the that time we had no idea of any per- secretaries, with the exception of a son in Tientsin wining to give such few moments during the meeting by an amount of money. There are no Chapman and Alexander.

Christians of large financial ability. A day or two later, in conversation Much prayer was made that God ,,,ith another member of the associa- might raise up some man either in the tion, he agreed to give 5,000 taels community or outside willing to make toward the building fund. The two such a gift. We decided to conduct secretaries of the association, learning a rapid canvass covering but four of these offers, then called upon him to weeks. thank him for this gift. He spoke Just before the opening of this can- of it as a very small thing, and told vass, we learned through Mr. Chang, of his great desire to render some one of the leading educators of the larger service for China. He said that city who had recently become a Chris- from a child he had been seeking to tian, of Mr. Ou Yang, who it was be- know what was tme, and had tried al- lieved would give generously toward most everything that he could learn of, such a cause. Just at this time Mr. but was now convinced that the only Ou Yang sent for Mr. Chang to learn hope for China lay in Christianity.

the reasons which had led hIm to be- He exprest his own belief in it, but come a Christian. The whole city had still unable to decide to make a public been stirred by the conversion of Mr. profession.

Chang, who had been prominent in This large gift, howevel-, committed educational work, and who had been him in a very public way in the com- under very little religious influence. munity as a friend of Christianity, and Mr. Chang accepted Mr. Ou Yang's also brought upon him 111uch of ridi- invitation, and spent the whole of one cule and persecution, which only Saturday afternoon in giving the rea- served to strengthen his convic:t;on as sons why he had been led to believe in to its truth. Early in June, I9IO, Pas- Christ. . tor Ding Li Mai, who for a number In the evening Dr. Chapman and of months had been conducting meet- Mr. Alexander were announced to ings in the colleges of Manchuria and hold a meeting in the Young Men's North China with very remarkable Christian Association. at Tientsin. success, came to Tientsin to conduct Mr. Chang invited Mr. Ou Yang to at- a series of meetings for the students tend this meeting. Mr. Ou Yang ac- in the mission and government schools.

c.tpted. In that meeting more than Many people had prayed that this visit fifty young men publicly exprest their might result in Mr. Ou Yang publicly desire to accept Christ as their Sa- acknowledging Christ as his Savior.

vior. This made a very deep impres- He was unable, however, to attend anI'

sion on Mr. Ou Yang, and led him to of the meetings except 011 the after- ask that Mr. Chang spend the foIlow- noon of the last Sunday. At the close * From the Neander Series No.2.

of this meeting, Pastor Ding, Mr. Ou church organization made it necessary Yang, and the pastors of the American that he should join one of the Methodist, English Methodists, and churches. They decided that while he the secretary of the Young Men's should help all the churches equally, Christian Association were invited to yet he should be considered a member dinner. As they were on the way to of the one in whose building he was dinner in Mr. Ou Yang's carriage, baptized. There was no question the secretary raised the question with raised as to doctrine, form of bap- Mr. Ou Yang as to why he did not tism or church organization. That publicly confess Christ and be bap- evening he was baptized by Pastor tized. He said: "Why may I not be Ding, and became a member of the baptized to-night?" The pastors ex- London .Mission, having been baptized plained to him that it was customary in the college chapel of the Anglo- to have a period of probation before ~hinese College belonging to this mis- . baptizing those who had decided to become Christians. Mr. Ou Yang Slen. said that he had first made this de- cision sixteen years before, as the re- One week later he attended the third annual student conference of the sult of the work of Dr. J. Young Al- Young Men's Christian Association at 1 ung-Chow. At this conference he len, of Shanghai, but that during the gave a very strong testimony as to intervening years he had been led 11;5 faith in Christ, and told the story away by his desire to accumulate o.f the influence leading to his conver- wealth and name, and had never car- ried out this purpose. ~lOn.

After some discussion, one of the Mr. Ou Yang is one of the leading pastors said he felt that he should be Chinese lmsiness rnen of Tientsin, baptized that evening, and that it was the manager of a very large building most appropriate in view of the fact corporation engaged in the construc- that it was a union service in which all tion of hundreds of houses in the new the missions working in Tientsin were city of Tientsin. He is a man of to be represented, so that Mr. Ou considerable wealth, and has the ranI: Yang could be baptized into the whole of Taotai, and is probably one of the Church represented by all these mis- most influential men who have become sions. In this conference were the Christians in North China. He is a Chinese pastors of the Methodist Epis- man of very rare spirit, is very humble, copal Church, the English Methodist and seems to have no ambition to se- Church, the London Mission, which cure the praise of men because of his was Congregational in form, and the rank, or because of his gift, which is American Board Mission. In addition probably the largest single gift'given there were Pastor Ding and the secre- by a Chinese to a distinctively Chris- tary of the Young Men's Christian As- sociation, who are Presbyterians. The tian work. question was raised by one of the pas- tors that in case Mr. Ou Yang was "Some are zealous of being successors baptized in this union meeting renre- of the Apostles. I would rather be a senting all the missions. as to church successor of the Samaritan woman, who. or mission would he belong. All felt while the Apostles went for meat and that he should belong to them all in forgot souls, forgot her water-pot in her the sense that he should help them zeal to spread the good tidings."-f. Hud- all equally, but in the discussion they son Tavlor. soon saw that the present form of "Study the habit of delight in Gorl.

This is a most valuable law of life. It gets out of our way all unrepented sin. all hindrances to fellowship and com- munion. 'The joy of the Lord is our strength.' "-.T. Hudson Taylor.

EDITORIALS

THE YEAR 1912 of representative missionary leaders THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE in such a way as to insure increased WORLD has had an unbroken history interest, influence, definiteness of pur- of usefulness for the past 34 years. pose, accuracy, and world-wide scope.

It was founded in 1878 by Rev. Royal The policy of the REVIEW) unless P. Wilder, who had long been an ac- there should be a radical change in tive and honored missionary in India. management, will continue to be prac- Ten years later Arthur Tappan Pier- tically the same as in the past 20 years son became the editor-in-chief, and so -with every inprovement that co- continued to the time of his departure operation and financial resources make last June. The question now arises in possible.

the minds of many-what about the I. Loyalty to God, the Father. as future? As Judson replied to the same the Creator and Ruler of heaven and question-"the future is as bright as earth, the source of all wisdom, lite, the promises of God." The growth of power, and love.

the missionary propaganda; the in- 2. Allegiance to Jesus Christ, our crease of missionary interest; the im- Lord, as Son of God, and Savior of provement in facilities for gathering men, the only hope of sinful man.

and presenting missionary informa- 3. Dependence on the Holy Spirit tion, and the experience of past years, as the One Power through whom all make possible increased efficiency Christians are enabled to be living wit- and development of the MISSIONARY nesses to the Gospel, and through REVIEW. The present managing edi- whom men's hearts are regenerated, tor has been connected with the RE- and by whom they are brought into VIEW for the past 20 years, and is ex- the Kingdom.

pected to continue in the general man- 4. The Bible as the inspired Word agement. Every reader and friend of God, given to man for guidance, will miss, beyond words, the personal- and the great basis of the missionary's ity, power, and positive messages of message.

the late editor-in-chief, Dr. Pierson. 5. The need of entire consecration but we know that the same God "ho to God on the part of every believer spoke through him can and will and the responsibility of every Chris- speak through others, and the same tian in the work of winning the world Holy Spirit that empowered him is to Jesus Christ, through prayer, gifts, .

ready to empower others. God calls sympathy, and testimony.

His servants up to higher service, but 6. The necessity of training up a he raises up others to carryon the native church on the mission fields to work that they have laid down here. do the great bulk of the work of The past and the present history of evangelizing their own people.

the REVIEW and the needs of the hour 7. The looking for the personal re- indicate that God has still a great pur- turn of Jesus Christ, in accordance pose and field of service for the MIS- with His promise, to end the present SIONARY REVIEw-it may be much prevalent evil, and to usher in the larger even than in the past. We reign of righteousness. This does earnestly invite the prayers and co- not lessen, but increases the duty of operation of our friends and the every Christian to help to "redeem friends of missions to this end. the' time, because the days are evil."

The plans for the coming year During the coming year we are to have not yet matured sufficiently to have an unusually strong series of ar- be announced, but it is hoped and ex- ticles by able missionary writers. Dr.

pected that one of the leading advo- James S. Dennis is to contribute a cates and writers in the missionary unique paper on "The Balance Sheet world will join the editorial staff of of Foreign Missions for I9I2." A the REVIEW. There are further plans symposium is to be given on "Prac- for securing the active cooperation tical Ideals for Unity and Cooperation

on the Mission Field." Other papers ply for the need of man has been proare promised or in hand on "Missions in Tripoli"; "A Chinese View of the vided by God in a way that would be Situation in China," "The Influence of America on Chinese Students," by incredible and impossible for man. a Christian Chinese; "Progress in Africa," by Rev. Melvin Fraser; "The Stupendous changes have also taken Heights and Depths of Hinduism," by place in the world even in the last hun- J. N. Farquhar, etc., etc. There will dred years. Art, science, discovery also be articles on and invention have opened doors and Spiritual Power and Ideals. Noted Native Converts. multiplied workers and agencies so Heroic Missionary Workers. Best Missionary Methods. that it is actually true that the win- Difficulties and Progress. Unoccupied Fields. dows of heaven have been opened to Non-Christian Morals and Religions. Ideals for the Church at Home, etc. supply men's needs.

MISSIONARY MIRACLE-PARABLE 3. There is a great impulse to mis- The ancient Hebrew lepers, who sions. Many have come to realize that found the plentiful supply of food in the Syrian camp while famine was this is a day of good tidings. There is destroying the people of Samaria, set a noble example to professing Chris- no need for a continuance of the tertians in their sensitiveness to the needs and claims of their fellow men. Here rible famine. All that is needed is that is a striking historic parable, marvelously instructive and stimulating. those who know and have tasted go At every point there is a singular resemblance. and tell that all may be supplied. The I. There is a famine-world-wide call of humanity should be sufficient. to-day-accompanied by wide-spread moral ruin. It is a spiritual famine The humblest may have a part in the for want of the "bread of life," a famine shown by ignorance and supersti- magnificent work of bringing the good tion, war and corruption. Even natural affection gives way before this tidings to the famishing multitudes. famine, so that wives and children are sacrificed. Idolatry in heathen lands 4. Both faith and unbelief are maniand the worship of Mammon in civilized countries take the place of wor- fested before and after the proclamaship of God. Cannibalism and the selfish oppression of the poor are tion of the good tidings. Some have found in place of love to man. Slavery and the degradation of woman or the been praying to God in confidence that prevalence of vice and the "white slave traffic" take the place of purity and He is able and ready to help. Others self-restraint among men. The tyranny of caste, the evils of luxury and social have scoffed at the possibility of deinequalities and the neglect of children' prevail instead of true brotherliness in liverance. The attitude of each one Christ and the divine ideals of the family. conditions their share in the blessing.

2. There is the wonderworking God. The facts remain the same irrespective Changes impossible to man are wrought by the power of God. A sup- of the faith or unbelief of men, but only those who believe can share in God's gracious provision.

Why are men so slow to see the spiritual famine and help to supply the need from God's marvelous stores?

Only because they are so engrossed with material and temporal things that they are insensible to spiritual, eternal things. A. T. P.

THE MISSIONARY'S PERSONALITY There are those who think that they are missionaries equipped for service in foreign fields if they have a clear knowledge of the Gospel and are willing to go and proclaim it to the "heathen." Missionary history proves otherwise. Some of the most intel- ligent and best trained men and women have been the greatest fail- ures, and, on the other hand, some of the least educated and least ex- perienced have been most successful. The early apostles were un- As a rule, the missionaries are beloved learned and ignorant men in the eyes for what they are and for the lives of the world, but they "turned the they live. When one missionary in world upside down." The power of Korea was transferred to a new stathe Holy Spirit is the most important tion the people whom he was leaving, factor in missionary work, and the heathen and Christian, rose in a body necessity for intellectual training and and said he must not go; they could practical experience is not to be dis- not spare him. counted, but, an asset of great importance is apt to be overlooked-it is Even the non-Christians in darkthe missionary's personality, including ened lands recognize reality. They character, tact, sympathy, courtesy, know when a man or woman lives the magnetism, magnanimity. The true Gospel even if they do not understand missionary not only carries the mes- all his teachings. sage of the Gospel of Christ, but, in a sense, he is the message. Non-Chris- ARE GOVERNMENTS OPPOSED TO tians will read him long before they MISSIONS? will read the Bible. They will interpret his words by his life, and a slip It seems scarcely credible that govin conduct will outweigh the most con- ernments of men would be opposed to vincing words. Living epistles are the government of God. Laws and known and read of all men. rulers are set for the restraint of evil- doers and for the direction of good One missionary of our acquaintance works. No man or State can prosper was obliged to return home because of that opposes the ideals and will of the' an ungoverned temper; another was Ruler of the universe, and yet the hispowerless because of impatience in tory of the world seems to prove that family life; many have lost influence human rulers are in direct opposition through pride and others through self- to the Heavenly King of kings and ishness or careless habits. Dr. Whit- Lord of lords. Pharaoh opprest the field Guinness, of China, tells of the children of Israel, who were God's lesson that has been burned in upon peculiar people. The kings of Canaan his heart in the fifteen years he has sought to destroy the Israelites. The spent in China: the missionary must Hebrew kings frequently opposed the adorn the doctrine that he preaches. preaching of the prophets.of Jehovah. Dr. Guinness tells of a testimony meet- Herod sought to slay the child who ing at which a young Chinese said to was declared to be the promised a missionary: "I want you to forgive Messiah. The Jewish rulers and Rome for the feeling I have had against man governor united in the plan to you for two years. One day, when I murder the Prince of Peace and Lord had been away for a visit to my home, of Life and continued in the persecu- I came into your room and found you tion and killing of His followers. Nero lying down on a chair. You did not burned the early Christians at the rise to greet me, and I could not for- stake. In the middle ages the kings give you for the discourtesy. I could of Europe joined with the Pope in not receive your words after that." the endeavor to crush out the refor- mation in the Church. Great Britain How many missionaries have been and the British East India Company stumbling-blocks because of their dis- sought to prevent missionaries from courtesy, and how many have hidden entering India. South American govtheir light under the bushel of conceit, ernments have bitterly opposed the or pride, or selfishness! preaching of the Gospel and the circu- lation of the Bible by Protestant mis- On the contrary,multitudes of Chris- sionaries. In the Dutch East Indies tian workers wield immense influence the government actually favors Islam because of their character and per- in preference to Christianity. In sonality in the midst of persecution Egypt and the Sudan Great Britain and the most trying circumstances. recognizes the Mohammedan Sabbath to such a task. In reviewing the for- in preference to the Lord's day, and eign missionary work of the movement promotes the teaching of the Koran for the last twelve months, we find to the exclusion of the Bible. In the these striking statistics: Philippines the United States Government forbids the teaching of religion Student V olunteer missionaries by school-teachers and others in gov- sent out in 1910 ………….. . 368 ernment employ, and opposes and tries to prevent such Christian teachers and Student Volunteer workers now officials from teaching the Bible or in mission field in twenty countaking part in religious work even tries ……………. :……… 4,784 during their leisure hours.* Mission study classes organized Each government has its own rea- in 1910 …………………. . 2,379 sons for such a course, but any ruler who neglects to recognize those forces Institutions where classes are conwhich best represent God and which ducted ………………….. . 596 draw men nearer to Him and to His ideals, that ruler fails to follow the Total enrolment of students ….. . 29,332 divine leading or to cooperate with Increase over last year's enrol- Him. He is fighting against God and courts defeat. ment ……………………. 6,082 Gifts to Home Missions in 1910 .. $37,708 TWENTY·FIVE YEARS OF THE STU· Gifts to Foreign Missions in 1910. $96,053 Institutions represented in these DENT VOLUNTEERS gifts …………………….. 447 In 1886 the first Christian student conference met in Mount Hermon, This represents only a smaIl part of Mass., at the invitation of Mr. D. L. their operations, which now include Moody. At that time one hundred almost every missionary field in the students volunteered for foreign mis- world. In Africa they have 503 worksion service and Dr. Arthur T. Pier- ers, in China I,389, Japan 400, Korea son first sounded the watchword, "The 219, India, Burma and Ceylon 924, evangelization of the world in this Mexico ISO, Oceania 58, Philippines generation." Out of this has grown 145, South America 288, Turkish Emthe Student Volunteer Movement and pire 175, West Indies 146. They also subsequently other student Christian have workers in all the Latin and work for missions. No movement in Greek countries of Europe, in Central modern times has been more far- America, and Arabia. These are well teaching or influential from a Chris- qualified men and woinen, capable of tian point of view. carrying on large enterprises.

The growth of the Student Volun- The movement is dynamic both for teer Movement has been phenomenal, applied Christianity and the dissemand is only explainable on the ground ination of civilization. It appeals to that God has directed it. Under the men and women of culture and gives leadership of a few able, consecrated a "splendid chaIlenge to every Chrismen it has now attained the propor- tian man and woman for testing their tions of a great army of trained and devotion to Christ." It calls out the educated men and women, who are highest inteIlectual qua1ities, and the carrying into the work of world-evan- best type of religious life. God has gelization the best talent, the noblest already blest it mightily, and will bless influences and the wisest methods that it more and more to the enlightenment have ever been applied on a large scale and conversion of the unevangelized millions. The Student Volunteer * The Circular No. 32, issued by the Board of Movement is one of the greatest mod- ern assets of Christianity, and is des- Education in Manila. says that "No teacher or tined to make further progress in the other person shall teach or criticize the doctrines years to come. of any church, or shall attempt to influence the pupils for or against any church or religious sect, Donation. Received even in private." No. 427. Chinese Famine Sufferers … $22.57 No. 428. Indust. Evang. Mission, Il!dia. 20.00 No. 429. Chinese Famine Fund……. 4.00 No. 430. Chinese Famine Fund. . . . . . . 3.50 No. 431. Indust. Evang. Mission, India. 5.00 No. 432. Missionary Review Fund…. 2-40

MISSIONARY

AMERICA sultation will be followed by united The Mohonk Conference effort. .ddress inquiries to Room The friends of the American In- 705, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

dians and other dependent peoples met A Christian Army on the March again at Mohonk Lake, October I7th to 20th, to consider the problems rela- Recently IOO,OOO men, women and ting to their progress and to devise children marched in sections through means for their betterment. Mr. Al- the streets of Philadelphia, gladly probert K. Smiley,. the host, said: "I am claiming the Church Militant. The ensincere in the belief that the progress tire city throbbed under the sturdy of the American Indian the last fifty steps of the marchers witnessing for years has been greater, numbers con- Christianity and declaring to the world sidered in all paths leading to enlight- they were followers of the lowly Nazenment' and betterment of condition arene. It was a mighty demonstration than of any other uneducated people of the power of the Sabbath-school as on the face of the earth." an institution far surpassing any po- litical power in existence. The mayor The Alaskan Eskimos and Indians, sounded the key-note of the movement Hawaiians, Cubans, Porto Ricans and when he said, "No one realizes as I Filipinos now call for special atten- in the capacity of mayor of the city of tion. Progress is being made, but in Philadelphia the importance of reachsome cases it must be rapid if the ing the younger generation for Jesus aborigines are to be won to Christ be- Christ. Noone realizes better than fore they become extinct. I the need for such a display of right- Stratell"Y in Home Missiona eousness as you Christian men are leading on this glorious afternoon." A special effort is to be made this Bankers and business men marching fall and winter to make a decided side by side with the little children of advance in home mission fields. In the primary departments concentrated the Western States, the Home Mis- the thought of the many thousands sion Council of 22 Protestant boards who watched the demonstration. have decided to ask alI concerned in home mission work to meet for a Union of Baptists and Free Baptists "Day of Consultation." These will The home and foreign missionary be addrest by representatives of the work of the Northern Baptists and Council. The dates are as follows: that of the Free Baptists has been Minneapolis, November 15th. consolidated after long discussions. Fargo, N. D., November 16th. The Free Baptists separated from the Butte, Mont., November 21st. Boise, Idaho, No'vember 23d. great Baptist body in I780, under the Spokane, Wash., November 27th. leadership of Benjamin Randall, at Seattle, Wash., November 29th. New Durham, N. H., the chief reason Portland, Gre., December 1st. for the separation being theological San Francisco. December 5th·6th. differences which no longer exist. Los Angeles. December 7th. Salt Lake City, December 11th. Representatives of the various organi- Cheyenne, Wyo., December 12th. zations of both denominations met in Colorado Springs, December 13th. Boston in October and the legal docu- Topeka, Kan., December 15th. Omaha, December 18th.

Huron, S. D., December 20th.

The general topic for discussion ments were signed. The funds of the will be "unmet needs" in rural dis- General Conference of Free Baptists tricts, among. foreigners, in small were transferred to the American Bap- towns, in suburbs, in cities, in lumber tist Foreign Mission Society and the camps and mining camps, among In- American Baptist Home Mission So- dians, and Orientals. ciety. The Home Mission· schools This is not a pUblicity movement, heretofore conducted by the Free Bap- but a step toward cooperation and tist Conference which now have come progress. Emphasis will be laid on under the supervision of the Ameri- the positive and constructive. Con- can Baptist Home Mission Society

include Storer College, at Harper's 13,295 have knelt with him in prayer. Ferry, Va. The Free Baptist Mission There have been many cases of true in India, which is taken over by the conversion, and some of these prison- American Baptist Foreign Mission ers have become Christian workers. Society, will be known as the Bengal Mission. Red Men in Council Benefit Fund for Missionaries Representatives of all Indian tribes recently gathered in council at Colum- At the meeting of the Northern bus, Ohio. It was the first annual con- Baptist Convention, in Philadelphia, gress of the American red man of to- "a man from Pennsylvania" pledged day. The remnants of the various $50,000 toward the Missionaries' and races organized a single tribe to be. Ministers' Benefit Fund of the con- known as the American Indian Assovention. This pledge is on the condi- ciation, whose objective is the uplifttion that $200,000 more be secured by ing and the betterment of the people noon of December 25, 19I r. It was represented. Only those having the received with such enthusiasm by the blood of the original American Indians delegates that a board for the general in their veins are included in the assoadministration of the fund was chosen CiatIOn. Among those present were at once. We trust that the amount Charles E. Dagenett, a Peorian Indian, needed, $r50,000, will be readily se- regarded as the Moses of his race, cured. educated at Carlisle and subsequently establishing an employment bureau The Colored Question Among Colored through which Indians are finding a field for their respective talents, and Methodists are prevented from lapsing into the free and easy life of the uncivilized There has recently been held a con- tribe; Dr. Charles Eastman, of the ference of the recognized leaders Dakota tribe, the greatest writer of among the colored Methodists. At his race, now in the employ of the Govthis congress the matter of separation ernment; Dr. Carlos Montezuma, a from the Methodist Episcopal Church full-blooded Apache, educated in Chi- (North) was the chief issue discust. cago, and one of the greatest surgeons It appears that there are 300,000 col- in the United States; Miss Laura M. ored members belonging to the North- Cornelius, of the Oneida tribe, a noted ern branch of the Methodist Episcopal magazine correspondent; A. C. Par- Church. The purpose of the with- ker, of the Seneca tribe, New York drawal seems to be twofold: to facili- State archeologist; Mrs. L. B. Baldtate the reunion of the Methodist win, of Washington, an Ojibway, in Episcopal Churches both North and the federal office of Indian claims; South, and to bring into being, if pos- Thomas L. Sloane, of the Winnebagos, sible, a national body of colored Meth- an attorney in Nebraska; Charles D. odists. Of Methodist Churches, the Carter, a Choctaw, Congressman from negroes boast 3 ; the Zion Meth- Oklahoma. odist Church, with 545,000 members; the African, with 452,000; and the Neglected Central America Colored, with 235,000 members. The six republics of Central Amer- An Apostle to Prisoners ica-Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Costa Rica- Mr. R. H. McBride is doing a noble have twice the population of our thirwork among the common prisoners of teen colonies at the time of the Declathe city jail in Chicago. Every Sun- ration of Independence. Of these day morning for six years he has been Costa Rica, the most southerly, is inpreaching to these men and has been habited, in its high valleys and able to rescue many from the gutter. plateaus, almost entirely by people of 'With a baby organ and a musician, Spanish descent. It has a stable conhe preaches to his audience behind the bars, and of the 15,468 prisoners,

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

stitutional government and enjoys ab- isolated in the valleys, who have no solute freedom in religion, tho the Ro- other messenger of the Gospel but the man Catholic Church is recognized as colporteurs of the Bible societies who the State Church. The other repub- occasionally visit them. The build- lics are in a backward state and in ing of the Panama Canal brings us dire need of the Gospel. In Guate- into closer relations with all Central mala the Presbyterians have two men America. It needs the Gospel. We at work, while some Friends are labor- O1:ght to send it there. ing independently. In Panama (Canal Zone) the Home Mission Board of the Ama>:on Atrocities Southern Baptist Convention supports three men. But in the four countries For some time rumors, strengthen- between little systematic work is being ing in volume, have been rife of atro- done except by the American Bible cities committed by the rubber hunt- Society and the British and Foreign ers on the Amazon River. With the Bible Society, which employ one able consent of the Peruvian Government, white agent each and a number of na- Sir Roger Casement was appointed by tive colporteurs, who have been doing the British Foreign Office to make ingood and faithful work. Some twenty quiries, especially as to matters re- years ago the Central American Mis- lating to British subjects in Putumayo. sion was organized by a group of As a result, the Peruvian Government earnest Christian men in Texas. It is has issued warrants of arrest against undenominational and pays no sal- a large number of persons, and it is with satisfaction that we note that the aries, giving to the workers in the field Peruvian Amazon Company of Lon- only whatever may be contributed don has been voluntarily liquidated. toward their support voluntarily. Happily, there is no despot here, as on There are now in the four central re- the Kongo, to defy the conscience of publics of Central America one man Europe; but vigilance will still need to be exercised if the natives of these and three women holding a nominal rubber districts are to be spared op- relation with the Central American pression which, in some of its aspects Mission. On the Mosquito coast of has, we fear, been even worse than the Nicaragua the Moravians have an old Kongo cruelties. Our contemporary, and well-established work among the Truth, has had a large share in the Indians, while three independent mis- unmasking of these horrors.-London Christian. sionaries are laboring in the interior. The Northern Baptists are now plan- EUROPE ing to commence work in El Salvador, which is the smallest, but the most International Mission Study Conference populous of the republics, and also quite stable and progressive. Its laws During the Edinburgh World Misguarantee religious liberty, tho there sionary Conference a few men from different countries met and discust have been persecutions of Protestants the needs for advanced work in misin the past. sionary education. As a result, the first International Mission Study Con- Guatemala and Honduras are prac- ference was planned and met, by invitically lands without a mission, espe- tation of the Dutch Zendingsstudie Raad in the little village of Lunteren, cially the latter. In both countries the in Holland, from' September sth to Roman Catholic Church has lost its I rth. There were present 62 delegates, power, and its churches are falling viz.: 4 from America, I from Ausinto ruins. In Guatemala its property tralia, I I from Great Britain, 5 from ,has been confiscated, and the ruling Denmark, 3 from France, 9 from Gerelement has become utterly agnostic, chiefly on account of the lack of all many, I from India, IS from Holland, religious teaching in such public 3 from Norway, 6 from Sweden, and schools as exist. There is at least a 4 from Switzerland. Among the topmillion of pure-blooded natives, living

ics Jiscllst were "The Aims of Mission A Missionary Church in Belgium Study," "The Preparation of Text Books and Helps for Leaders," "The In such a strongly Roman Catholic Religious Opportunity of Childhood," country as Belgium it is good to find "Mission Study Among Children," a vigorous and growing Protestant or- "Missionary Indifference," "Mission ganization in the Belgian Christian Study and the Life of Prayer," "The ;vJ issionary Church. It has been in Training of Leaders." An Interna- existence but seventy years.' It began tional Council for Mission Stndy was with a single station and a single evancreated that it may organize an ex- gelist, but at the present time it has change of all literature pertaining to grown to 35 pastors, 21 evangelists the subject of mission study and aloo and colporteurs, 42 congregations and lead to exchange of visits, to cor- 94 preaching stations with rr,ooo respondence, and to study. It has IO members. All of these members are members, viz.: 3 from America, 3 said to be "converts from Roman from Great Britain, and 1 each from Catholicism." This body is strongest in Germany, Holland, Norway and India. the coal mining district south of Mons, which it shares about equally with the The Conference was organized by National Church of Belgium, also a the Missionary Education Movement Protestant body of 300,000 souls. A of the United States and Canada favorite method of this body is to hold (formerly the Young People's Mis- open-air services, in which great sionary Movement), and its meetings crowds, of Catholics chiefly, are gathwere deeply ·spiritnal. The English ered together, who, it is said, listen language was used. very patiently and attentively. This Church, in connection with the State German Missionary Forces Church, maintains the Kongo Mis- sionary Society. According to the official statements of the German foreign missionary A Coming Crises in Europe? societies (including the Basel Missionary Society), there were at work According to the Baptist World, among heathen and :Mohammedans there are strong indications of an im- 10401 German missionary laborers on minent crisis in Europe centering January 1, 191 I. This force con·· about the old city of Prague, in Bohesisted of 965 ordained missionaries, 19 mia. This crisis is believed to be a physicians, 223 lay missionaries, and revival of the Reformation in that 194 female workers. The Basel So- land of much tragic religious history. ciety employed 300 laborers, the In the year 1915 the five-hundredth Rhenish Society 201, and the Mora- anniversary of the martyrdom of John vians 200. The number of native Huss will be observed and the whole workers had increased to 6,377, while of Bohemia is said to be getting ready the baptized natives numbered 564,919 for that time. Stories are told of the (256,596 communicants). During self-denial of the Baptist brethren in 1910, 18,rob adult heathen were bap- Prague that put to shame the sleek tized, the Basel Society reporting selfishness of their richer church-mem- 2,825, the Rhenish Society 5,5II, and bers of other lands. All over that land the Moravians 581. In 3,361 mission- and the neighboring Moravia, as the ary schools of all descriptions 163,487 people get hold of the Bible, they are pupils received Christian instruction. turning from the Roman Church. One The income of all German societies of the Bohemian pastors writes: "The was about $r ,900,000, to which should Pope never trusted his sheep in Bohebe added, however, almost $600,000 mia; and because he feared and hesicollected upon the foreign fields. tated he may at last lose them all. He Surely Germany is making progress granted them at the start their wishes, in the great work of evangelizing the viz., preaching the Gospel in the naworld. tional language, the marriage of

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

priests, and the New Testament Lord's has gone out in sympathy to my Supper. They always protested brethren living their lonely lives in the against Romish abuses, and men like midst of a popish population. But H uss and Jerome laid clown their lives those who represent the gospel in for being too radically 'Protestant.' Spain are in a crowded solitude to The oldest Bohemian song is a Christ- which Ireland can present no paralleL mas carol from the ninth century, In the popular mind the evangelical which we sing to-day in our services." propaganda is associated with revolu- To this harried land there seems to be tionary unrest. The prospects of the dawning a better day. Gospel in Spain are bright and bright- ening; but up to the present not·a Five Years of Separation in France single man of outstanding wealth or influence has declared his adhesion to The hopes of the liberal party of it. The material resources of the the Roman Catholic Church in France earnest workers in town and country have been disappointed as to the out- are extremely limited. come of the separation of Church and State. M. Clemenceau says: "We TURKEY have foreseen everything except what has actually happened." The church Mohammedans in Southeastern Europe is ruined financially by being deprived of possessions by the Pope and in- Official statistics place the total come from the State. The people do number of adherents of Islam in not contribute largely or generally, for southeastern Europe of 9,250,000, or the laity have no voice in the use made of the funds. The moral condition at about 5 per cent. of the total popuis still more discouraging. The Pope is using France as a mission field, and lation, so that they outnumber the the people are losing their respect for Jews living within the same countries. church and clergy. Children are ad- Of these Mohammedans Russia, in mitted to confirmation at seven in place of at twelve years of age, as Europe, contains 5 millions, and Tur- . formerly. Thus, the period of instruc- key in Europe 3 millions, while there tion is made practically nothing by the Pope's command. It is also difficult are in Bulgaria 603,<)()0, in Bosnia and to secure recruits for the clergy from Herzegovina (Austria) 549,c)00, in intelligent, respected men. Theological Rumania 45,000, in Greece 24,000, in students are forbidden to read papers Servia 15,000, and in Montenegro and magazines. The thirty-eight mil- 14,000. Thus, in European Turkey I lions of Roman Catholics in France out of 2 inhabitants is a Moslem, in are largely practically unchurched. Bosnia and Herzegovina lout of 3, There is more than ever need for a in Bulgaria lout of 7, in Montenegro faithful preaching of the Gospel lout of 18, in European Russia lout among them. of 22, in Greece lout of II5, in Ru- mania lout of 130, and in Servia 1 Signs of Promise in Spain out of I&>. Of the Mohammedans in European Russia the Tatars (or Tar- Rev. John Pollock, president of the tars) who live in the Crimea, are the European Christian Endeavor Union, most important. They are said to be writes home: "I can not describe the the most fanatical adherents of Islam emotions with which I faced the en- in the world, and, having litle underthusiastic audience in that little Meth- standing of what sin really is, trust odist church in Barcelona, situated, as entirely in righteousness acquired by all Protestant churches are in Spain, good works. They believe in fasting, in a back street. I have seen Protes- and the Urasa, which is a month of tantism in the wilds of Donegal, in fasting. from sunrise to sunset, in Connemara and Kerry; and my heart memory of Mohammed's plight, is strictly kept, even when they, are en- gaged in the severe labors of the har- vest.

The Gospel seems to make little progress among the Mohammedans in disastrous to the country. He mainsouth-eastern Europe, for a German tains that the Jews will develop planmissionary states plainly that "ten tations in sandy places, and thus guard times more [nominal] Christians ac- against the destruction of the forests. cept Islam than Mohammedans are Anyone who has seen the flourishing brought to Christ." If this statement condition of the number of Jewish is true, it is high time to pray more colonies in Palestine, he says, could earnestly, and to attack more earnestly not but come to this conclusion. with the Gospel this stronghold of unbelief and darkness. Women'. Rights in Persia ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS A member of the Persian Mejliss (House of Parliament) at Teheran A Great Center of Lilrht astonished the House, on August 3, by an impassioned address on women's The American Presbyterian Mission rights. Speaking on a clause in a bill in Syria has published nearly 700 for the next election which declared works in Arabic, all of which are now that no woman should vote, an obvious offered to the Moslem world at cheap proposition to most of the members, rates. Its press employs 60 persons, the person in question-Hadji Vakil and turned out last year 40,000,000 EI Rooy, deputy for Hamaden-depages. The College of Beirut has en- c1ared roundly that women possest rolled 865 students this year, 138 of souls and rights, and should possess whom are in the medical school. The votes, and he appealed to the Ulema to faculty numbers 77, and the number support him. The Mujtahid, howof graduated students 2,000. There ever, whom he evoked by name, rose is a hospital, a training school for in his place and solemnly declared, to nurses, a children's hospital, and an quote the Times' correspondent at Teeye and ear hospital, girls' boarding heran, that he had never in a life of schools at Tripoli, Sidon, Beirut, misfortune had his ears assailed by boys' boarding schools at Suk-el- such an impious utterance. Nervously Gharb, Schweir, Sidon, and Tripoli, and excitedly he denied to women and 108 day schools with over 5,100 either souls or rights, and declared pupils. The organized churches of that such doctrine would mean the the mission number 34, with 2,970 downfall of Islam. To hear it uttered members, and average Sabbath con- in the parliament of the nation had gregations of over 6,300. Eighty-six made his hair stand on end. The Sunday-schools gather some 6,700 president instructed the official repupils. porters to make no record in the jour- nals of the House of this unfortunate The Jews and Palestine incident.

Intelligence from Constantinople Cruelties Practised in Afghanistan points to the probability that the Jews will shortly obtain large concessions in In an article in the organ of the Palestine. M. Pavolus, the depart- Bombay Y. M. C. A., Dr. Zwemer mental chief of the Agricultural Min- quotes from a book called "Under the istry, who had been sent to Palestine Absolute Amir," by an Englishman to investigate the agricultural and in- who lived for eight years as an engidustrial condition of that region, has neer in Afghanistan. He says: "A returned and presented a detailed re- common practise is that of blinding port of his investigations. He con- people. This is the usual punishment tends that, in order to develop coloni- for those who try to escape from zation in Palestine, it is absolutely prison or from the country. The essential to grant the Jews far-reach- manner of doing this is to lance the ing concessions. M. Pavolus com- pupils of the eyes and then put in a plains that the government neglects drop of nitric acid, and to guarantee the forests around Mount Lebanon, protesting that such neglect will be no si~ht being left quicklime is after- year it was held on May 29th and 30th, ward added. The agony endured must and it was well attended, and most be frightful, and in one case IS men profitable. After two doctrinal adwere blinded together in Sherpur can- dresses, three most important subjects tonment, where these punishments are were thoroughly discust, viz., first, usually carried out, and the men were the question, "Is it possible to build seen on the third day being blinded, up a self-governing and self-supportchained one to the other, and sitting in ing church of believers who belong to a row upon the ground. Three of the opprest classes only?" second, the them were lying dead, still chained to part of the Report of the Edinburgh the living, and some of the living, too, World Missionary Conference which were· lying unconscious, while the deals with Hinduism; and third, coothers were moaning and rocking operation of Lutheran missionaries in themselves backward and forward. school and ecclesiastical work. Ac- This is not an idle story to awaken cording to the Ev. Lutherisches Mispity. It is the testimony of a man who sionsblatt, the report of the Edinburgh went there as an engineer. And he World Missionary Conference, in so tells of more dreadful things than that. far as it deals with Hinduism, was de- -The Presbyterian. clared to be "unreliable in many points and wrong in its friendly position INDIA toward Hinduism as an aid to the un- derstanding of Christianity." Progress Toward Church Federation The founding of a Lutheran Union The second Conference on Federa- College and of a Lutheran Union tion of Christian Churches was held at Seminary was proposed and steps Jubbulpore, August 9, some 25 dele- looking toward the unification of docgates and representatives of churches trine were recommended. and missions meeting together. The plan of federation proposed by the The General Conference of all Lufirst conference at Jubbulpore in April, theran Missions in India will be held 1909, was considered, in the light of on December 31, and the following the action taken upon it by various days. The Moravian and the Basel Christian bodies and the criticisms missionaries are to be invited as made, and, after some amendments guests. had been agreed to, was adopted in substantially its original form. Pro- T empie Girl. in India vincial divisions were outlined, and committees appointed to organize pro- The British Secretary of State for vincial councils in each area, to meet India has addrest the following imas soon as convenient. A number of portant dispatch to the Government of bodies have already ratified the plan, India, "My attention in Council has and others are expected to join as soon lately been called to the various as their next meetings take place, so methods by which female children in that, with the exception of the Angli- India are condemned to a life of proscans and the American Baptists, prac- titution, whether by enrolment in a tically all the organized churches in body of dancing-girls attached to a India will be connected with this Hindu temple; or by symbolical marmovement. riage to an idol, a flower, a sword, or some other material object; or by Lutheran Mi••ionary Conference in India adoption by a prostitute whose pro- fession the child is brought up to fol- Many missionaries of the Lutheran low. I observe with satisfaction that societies laboring in southern India an increasing section of Hindu society spend their annual time of rest and regard the association of religious vacation at Kodaikanal, and it has be- ceremonies with the practise of proscome their custom to hold there an titution with strong disapproval. In annual missionary conference. This Madras, where the institution of tem- ple dancing-girls still survives, an Indian district Illagistrate, i1 r. I{. thought that there was no salvation Ramachandra Row, has cxpre!lt the (Jl1t of Him."' 5.-How would you opinion that temple servants have been proceed if you were to wii1 a Hindu degraded from their original status to for Christ? "Show what sin is, and perform functions "abhorrent to strict that the death of Christ is the remedy."

Hindu religion"; and in Bombay <l What Christian Education i. Doing society for the protection of children has been formed with the cooperation Rev. J. N. Forman writes from of leading Hindu citizens." Mainpuri: "A few days since a young The secretary desires information concerning the probable extent of the man, named Gulzari Lal, arose after evil, and the sufficiency of existing early morning prayers in the Central laws to suppress it, and he states that Training School and gave a notice of "the matter is one in which the weight a Christian Endeavor meeting. His of public authority may well be lent to position and manner led me to think the furtherance of reforms advocated of his progress. Some four years ago by the enlightened leaders of the communities to which the children belong he was an uneducated villager, but he whom the law was intended to pro- had ambition enough to start out to tect." get an education, even against the wish of his parents that he stay at home. Thus, the Government of India is He and his wife came, and have been beginning to pay attention to the evil of dedicating little girls to idols which with us the greater part of the time is most pernicious and degrading and, since, and are now almost ready to go to some village and teach not only hooks but Christian living.

according to the Hindu, has brought CHINA it to pass that temples have become The Number of Chinese Moslems brothels. Not all the inhabitants of the Celes- Some Striking Answers tial Empire are followers of Confu- An Indian Christian who was for- cius, and according to the Chinese Resaken, disowned, and disinherited, corder for September, 10,000,000 adlosing more than 6,000 pounds ster- herents to the prophet of Mecca are ling because he refused to appeal to scattered through the eighteen prov- inces; one-third in Kansuh in the the courts to obtain part of his inheritance, not long ago gave the fol- southwest, 500,000 each in Chihli and lowing replies to questions put before Yunan, and half as many in each of him: I.~What first drew you these provinces, Honan, Kiangsu, and Szechuan. toward Christ? "The sight of my sin revealed to me by the Holy Spirit. China'. Progress Christ drew me to Himself." 2.- A writer in the Chinese Students'

''Vhat special difficulties had you to A/onthly says: "The country (China) encounter, and with what teaching is progressing faster than can be re- . were they overcome? "The special corded; what is regarded as a piece difficulty was leaving home, wife, and of news in the American press reports children for the sake of Christ, and may be a thing of only antiquarian in- to become a nonentity. This difficulty terest to the people at home. For in- was overcome by the thought that stance, the 'World-in-Boston' Mis- Christ died for me." 3.-Did any- sionary Movement advertise~ 'The thing seem to you especially difficult Chinese Opium Den' as one of the and a cause for stumbling either in the striking features of the exhibition, doctrine of Christianity or in the lives while a traveler in China will have to of its exponents? "I saw nothing but go to the archeological department of Christ and His death. That filled my it Chinese museum to find the utensils thoughts and heart." 4.-What finally which were once used by the opium- led you to accept Christ? "The smokers in the days that have gone by.

lllSSrO:-;,RY INTELLrGE.'{CE

The changes are too great, too fast, plined coml11on people. He shuns litiand too complete for the M onthiy to gation, the ruin of the villager. By keep apace." withdrawing from the festivals in the ancestral hall, and from the rites at Chinese Students at Home the graves of his ancestors, he sunders himself from his clan and incurs per- According to the latest statistics re- secution. Thus, the converts become ported by the National Rez'iew of separatists, with the merits and defects Shanghai, the number of educational of seFaratists. Cut off from the world, institutions, i1lcluding colleges, indus- and thrown on one another, they form trial schools, girls' seminaries, and pri- a group apart, a body of Puritans, that mary schools, aggregated 35,188 at will one day be a precious nucleus of the close of 19IO, and the number of llloral regeneration for China." persons engaged in educational work was 63,937. Students numbered 874,- Progress Taward Church Union 642. The province of Chili (Peking included) deals with 8,524 institu- "t ~ anking 3 theological semitions, Shantung comes next with naries, representing 4 denominations 3,513, followed by Shensi, Kiangsu, ( :'Ifethodist, the Disciples, Presby- Kwangtung, Bupeh, and Hunan in terian, North, and Presbyterian, order. There were 34,210 primary SoutlI), are to form a Union Bible schools, with 55,240 primary school School to do the work of all these inteachers. and 780,325 elementary stitutions, except that which is techschool children. nically denominational. The union school is to have its own board of While there is some ill-discipline managers separate from the seminaand lack of tidiness and propriety ries. Each theological school will also among the students in these new retain its board, its constituiton, its schools, there are many encouraging faculty, and its students. In practical features, especially a growing interest operation, there will be one institution in athletics, and an awakening to their modeled after the New York Bible proper place in society. Teachers' Training School.

A Chinese Girl's Reply Sorne Influential Christian Laymen A little Chinese girl, who had con- A high Chinese official, recently fest Christ in public baptism, was baptized by Ding Li Mei, the great asked by her teacher, after the sacra- Chinese evangelist, now undertakes ment, "Are you glad of the privilege the support of twenty of the ablest of attending a school where you can preachers who can be found, at an exhear of the Lord Jesus?" Quickly pense of about $7,000 annually, for came the reply, "Are you not glad, the evangelization of his people. He teacher, that you are in China, where offers a small settlement on his estate you can teach of the Lord Jesus?" in Manchuria free of charge to all How little we value the great privilege Christians who may apply. Another of every believer to teach of Christ! case is that of Dr. Ming, who has a hospital in Hangchow, where 50,000 Chinese Christians and the Future patients are treated each year. His work is so widely known in many This is how a writer in the Centurv provinces that if one is being imposed speaks of native converts in China: upon one has but to say that one will "The break of the genuine convert report the matter to Dr. Ming, and it with his past in China is far more is llsually settled without more diffiabrupt than anything with which we culty. Principal Chang Po Ling, of are familiar. He turns his back on Tientsin, is an educator who is also a opium, gambling, and unchastity, the "()eial reformer, fighting foot-binding, besetting sins of his fellows. He early marriages and other abuses. He abandons cheating, lying, back-biting, led hi" own brother to Christ, and no' quarreling, and filthy language, which are all too rife among the undisci-

has the satisfaction of hearing that he aimed at the existing dynasty, but is the first signer of the declaration many who know China well anticipate card of the recently organized Chinese the early issue 'of an edict permitting Volunteer Movement for the ministry. the abandonment of the historic ap- As director of the Y. M. C. A., Mr. pendage. For, after all, the queue is Chang had the principal part in secu- nothing but an historic appendage. ring a gift of $13,000 from H. E. Ou Nearly three hundred years ago it was Yang for the new building site at imposed on the Chinese by the power- Tientsin. This Mr. OU Yang, who is ful Manchus, who came down from a recent convert, is an extraordinary the north and ousted the reigning character and a man of large tasks. Ming dynasty from the throne. As He has recently formed a corporation with the passing generations the wearto purchase the street-car lines of ing of the queue became a custom, it Tientsin from the present foreign became, as all customs in China, a owners. He is also working on plans thing to be cherished. But with the for colonizing large tracts in Mongo- awakening of the new spirit, there has lia. Well known among the educators come a realization of the dirtiness, and officials of central and northern the uncomfortableness, the incon- China, he has, after years of secret venience, the shame of the queue, and believing in Christianity, taken a fear- its abohtion is being clamored for. less stand. His influence among the Sentiment in favor of queue-cutting is higher classes in the empire is ex- rapidly developing, and some prophesy tremely promising for the future.- that in ten years from now China will Record of Christian Work. be no longer a land of long-haired men, and in twenty years it will cease Queue-cutting in China to be the land of short-footed women. God grant the fulfilment of such hopes, A prominent missionary in Hong- together with a glad and willing recepkong has well said, "When China tion of the Gospel by the awakening shakes herself sufficiently to drop off Eation. her queue, what it portends, rather than what is actually done, deserves The New Chinese Currency attention." Thus, the agitation of the student and military classes against After several years of discussion the use of the queue is very important among the high metropolitan officials, among the signs of the times in the and the provincial viceroys and govgreat empire. Some months ago a ernors, the Chinese Government has at public meeting was led in Hongkong last come to the decision to carry the at which, after addresses on the super- most urgently needed monetary refluity of the queue as an appendage form into effect on the dollar basis. of beauty or utility, twelve barbers About two years ago, an edict was mounted the platform and shaved the issued in favor of the taeI currency, but heads of six old gentlemen who had the matter was allowed to drop for worn the queue for an aggregate want of support in putting it in force. period of 419 years. Amid intense en- The following orders, contained in the thusiasm about a thousand others fol- recent edict, form the basis of the new lowed their example. No imperial edict currency, "the standard of the monehas been issued permitting the people t::try system of China shall be the dolto discard the queue; on the contrary, lar (Yuan), which, for the present, one has been published requiring those shall be minted in silver. The weight who have cut their queues to suffer of the dollar standard shall be seven their hair to grow again, and army mace and two candareens of Kuping officers have been dismissed and stu- ounces (taels). There shall also be dents rusticated for premature action subsidiary coins of the value of fifty in the matter. The authorities seem cents, twenty-five cents, and ten cents, inclined to regard the movement as all in silver, five cents in nickel, and one cent, one half cent, and one cash,

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 95

all in copper. The rate of exchange and fiftieth anniversary of the death between tne dollar and subsidiary of their founder was an impressive coins is fixt according to their pro- sign of the hold which Buddhism still portionate value, from which no de- has in that country. The crowds in viation shall be allowed." Thus, the attendance were enormous-virtually Cr.inese Government is to introduce a uncountable. However, Dr. Howard uniform currency for the whole em- noted two significant facts in the vast pire. It will assume full control of multitude-there were few young peothe mints, see that the new dollar will ple, and there were few city people. always exchange for ten ten-cent As far as the cities are concerned pieces, and order that all the receipts Buddhism does indeed seem to be and expenditures of the Government, dying. And the cities are the only such as taxes, duties, official salaries, places where as yet the Christian gosetc., shall be collected or paid in the pel has really been disseminated. So new coins. it is not surprizing that Buddhism still A number of practical rules for the holds rural Japan. When the present issue of paper money has also been movement of the missionaries to evansanctioned, so that it now looks as if gelize the country towns has developed China will soon have the currency re- tangibly, the Kyoto shrines will no form, which is perhaps the most doubt find their crowds of visitors urgent need of the moment next to the lessened vastly. educational reform. The Slums in the Cities JAPAN-KOREA Rev. A. P. Hassell writes in the The Decay of Religious Belief Christian Observer: "When we con- sider the fact that Japan, including A prominent newspaper, the fiji Korea, is smaller by 30,000 square Shimpo, of Tokyo, commented recent- miles than the State of Texas, and yet lyon religious conditions in Japan. It its population is more than half that of declares that Buddhism is decreasing, the entire United States; that vast dnd that only the old men and women numbers of her population live on less are followers of Buddha. The most than five cents per day; that consumpsignificant statement is that "If we tion and diseases even more horrible ask the Japanese young men of to-day are much more common than in Ameras to their religious belief, the great ica; and that from time immemorial majority would, without doubt, reply every vice common to sinful man has at once that they have none. Not only been practised unhindered by the inso, but we should find many of them fluences of Christianity-when we rather glorying in the fact. Through consider these facts, and add to them the spread of the new education, the our knowledge of slums in general, intelligence of the people has made then we begin to get some faint idea great advances, but, on the other hand, of the condition of those of Japan. the religious spirit of our young men Every town here has its slums and has practically died out. When the they are all more or less repulsive. older men die and the younger gen- But as a rule the larger the town or eration comes to the front, we can city the worse the slums. Takamatstt, not view, without alarm, the fact that the town in which we live, altho it has olltwardly at least Japan will be a a popUlation of fifty thousand, is concountry without a religion." sidered as country when spoken of in connection, for instance, with Kobe, Buddhism Decreasing Yokohama, Osaka, or Tokyo. Hence we should not expect to find conditions Writing in The Religious Telescope, here as bad as in the above-named the Rev. A. T. Howard, a missionary places, but they are such that one feels in Japan, says that the fashion in like saying that he does not care to see which the Shinshu sect of Buddhists worse." celebrated in Kyoto the six hundred

A Traveler's Conclusion to protest against the continued exist- ence of Y oshiwara in Japan, Colonel W. T. Ellis has recently written: Yamamura of the Salvation Army, "Largely on account of government one of the leaders in the fight, reported restrictions in earlier days, with refer- that he and his friends had to fight the ence to the existence of foreigners, police for three hours recently to pre- the bulk of the missionary force of vent them from sending for the mas- Japan is in the ten largest cities. Of ter of a rescued girl to take her back !,003 missionaries in Japan, 572 reside to the brotheL Count Okuma stated 111 these cities, containing an aggre- at the same meeting that fifty thougat~ population of 5,500,000 people, sand poor, helpless women are sufferwhIle the balance of Japan, with 44,- ing under the scandalous system, and 500,000 people, has a total of only 43 I the effect on the nation is terrible. missionaries. At least five-sevenths of the Japanese Christian leaders are also Chinese Students in Japan in the IO largest cities. In other words, at least three-fourths of the The number of Chinese students pop'Ulation of Japan is still unreached coming over to Tokyo has steadily deby missionary agencies. This presents creased S111ce 1907, until it has dropt one of the greatest missionary oppor- to some three thousand. The Chinese tunities of our day." Government has gradually decreased the number of Chinese students sent to A Hospital for the Poor Japan, first, because it was forced to do so by the financial stringency, and, The Salvation Army has set .apart second, because the Chinese students 50,000 yen for a hospital for the poor coming to Japan have become more or at Hirokoji. Count Okuma, Baron less imbued with ideas of a revolu- Shibusawa, Baron Serge, and other tionary character, and have been reprominent gentlemen are cooperating garned with much suspicion after their in raising an additional 12,000 yen for return to China. equipment. In Seoul, where there is a large corps of Korean Salvationists, Chinese students in Tokyo receive there are many very poor people. training in law, politics, economics, When these die they are roughly and commerce, engineering, sericulture, carelessly buried by officials. The Sal- agriculture, medicine, etc., so· that a vationists, therefore, have had a bier wide range of subjects is covered. constructed and when a body is found Those who study law and politics conuncared for, it is brought out of the stitute the majority of all students. city and given a religious buria1. This Previous to being admitted to any humble charity is now well known course the Chinese student must deamong t,he poor. Weeping widows vote at least two years to the study of and bereaved parents send uniformly Japanese and other general subjects. to Salvationists for help in their dis- The number of years required for tress. This unselfish devotion is leav- graduation varies and depends on the i~g a deep mark on the people of the courses which the student takes, but City. it may be said to range from five years upward. Social Evil in Japan Japanese students, we are told, show . Yoshiwara, or prostitution, con- an offensive spirit of arrogance and t111ues to be the giant evil of Japan, an uncompromising attitude toward tho here and there the earnest efforts all Chinese students, and exclude them to fight the licensed system have been from their clubs and games, but these crowned with marked success. The Chinese have a number of oratorical difficulties of those who are leading the clubs of their own, and show much fight against legalized vice are tremen- literary activity, issuing various pubdOllS. At a great meeting held at the lications with lucid and lively articles. Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo some time ago They are organized into provincial

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

associations. These again are organ- 000 is raised wholly in Seoul. It has ized into a single central association, a day school with a course of four which meets twice a year for the dis- years, which graduated 84 members cussion of these students' personal in- last year; also industrial classes with terests, and of plans concerning the shops, supported from local funds. The future of their mother country. All commercial output of these shops last are radicals, holding that the present year exceeded $1,5°0. Of its 876 situation in China calls for radical members, 872 are in Bible classes!

remedies, and all get imbued with a Last year 752 men became Christians national spirit, which is more strongly in connection with this work. In a developed in Japan than in any other recent campaign $5,000 has been country of the world. . Few of them raised for a gymnasium. Of the 12 are optimistic in regard to the future Korean secretaries 3 have been of China, probably because they see through the miserable experience of how warlike, land-hungry, and ever political imprisonment. One of these, ready to grab one's possession when- converted in prison, formed a prison ever there is an opportunity, the Jap- class in which he taught the Bible and anese nation is. the "Pilgrim's Progress." He is noW a There can be little doubt that these Ph.D. of Princeton and giving his life students have played a great part a to the Y. M. C. A. of Korea. Such few years ago in forcing the Chinese facts as these make us realize what government to grant the constitution, Prince Ito meant when he said: "I and we believe that they have much count the Y. M. C. A. my colaborer to do with the uprising of the present for the regeneration of Korea."

day. Buddhists Acitve in Korea Japan Evangelizing Korea Missionaries in Korea report that the The Kumi-ai churches of Japan Buddhists of Japan are redoubling have undertaken evangelistic work for their efforts to spread their religion in the Koreans at Seoul. Following an that country. They propose to double evangelistic campaign for the Japa- the money expended there this year, nese in that city, conducted by Rev. and to establish thirty-five temples Messrs. Ebina, of Tokyo, Osada, of and a Buddhist middle school. A Osaka, and Watase, of Kobe, Mr. number of Japanese priests will be Watase, who had resigned the pas- sent to every province to give free in- torate of his church in Kobe for the struction in the Japanese language and purpose, was left behind to begin other branches of study to Korean work among the Koreans. He plans priests.

to make Seoul his headquarters, and, Christian Comity in Korea upon securing a suitable house, to establish his church. The Kumi-ai J. Campbell White wrote home to churches have been considering this venture for some time, and at their the Christian Obscrz'cr: "Korea is an object-lesson to Christendom in the meeting last October adopted a scheme spirit of comity among the churches. involving a term of five years' effort The territory has been subdivided beand the expenditure of 30,000 yen tween the various missions, so that ($I5,000). A Korean Christian re- competition and overlapping are praccently graduated from the Doshisha tically eliminated. There are only four cities in the whole of Korea is to be associated with Mr. Watase. where more than one denomination is Activity of the Y. M. C. A. at work, and three of these have only The Seoul Young Men's Christian two denominations each. To subdi- Association was organized in 1903. It vide the territory so completely has now owns a large lot worth $20,000, required all denominations to trade paid for by Koreans, and a building converts. The leader of one large de- valued at $46,000. Its budget of $II,- nomination told us that they had

traded about 12,000 of their church- offended both the men and the women.

members for those of other commun- One of them later shot him with. a ions, and on the whole had got -the poisoned arroW, and when he lay sick best of the trade! I was given a map upon the ground, another cut his of Korea at Pyeng Yang, showing the throat. Later he was dragged into exact territorial subdivision of the the chief's hut, where he died, and whole country among the several de- they buried him bene;;~h ~he earth floor nominations. I expect to get this map of the hut. He had writi.'n two short published, as an inspiring object-les- notes on two pieces of paper. One of son of real cooperation among the them had arrived at Georgetown just churches." before Dr. Crampton left Georgetown, Presbyterian Union College in Formosa where Mrs. Davis had been awaiting the return of her husband from the The Foreign Mission Committee of jungle. the Presbyterian Church of England proposes to establish a Union Anglo- Awakening of an African Tribe Japanese -College in Formosa in con- One of the tribes now showing most junction with the Canadian Presby- responsive interest in the Gospel is terian Church. Site and buildings are the Mabeyes, who five years ago were to cost about $25,000, and each church practically untouched, and whose lan- would have to provide a missionary guage is not yet understood by any teacher, besides funds. The need and Christian missionary.

opportunity for such a college are un- Rev. F. D. P. Hickman, in a recent questioned. letter, describes these people of Kam- AFRICA-NORTH erun and Spanish Guinea as a small tribe inhabiting the hinterland to the The Outlook in Cairo north of the Campo River. Until re- Christianity is meeting the enemy in cently they have been looked down its own country in placing a powerful upon by other tribes as thieves and Christian university in the city of cannibals, wedded to all kmds of Cairo. For more than 900 years heathen practises. -Within the last five Cairo has been the seat of the most years, however, there has been a wonimportant Mohammedan institution of derful transformation, and they are learning in the world. EJ-Azhar has now turning to Christ by the hundreds. an enrolment of from IO,OOO to 12,000 The awakening is said to have begun students from twelve to eighteen years when one of the headmen of the tribe, of age, who remain in the university who was dying, called some of his for six years, and who are thoroughly people to him, and urged them to emgrounded in the faith of Islam. brace Christianity. Soon after they AFRICA-WEST began to attend the mission, some of their number were converted and be- Murder of Missionary came missionaries to their people. There seems to be an unusual hunger Dr. Henry E. Crampton, of the De- for the Gospel, and tho most of partment of Invertebrate Zoology in those who attend the mission services Columbia University, has brought the do not understand the dialect spoken, only information known concerning they attend in large numbers, and the death of Elder O. E. Davis, a after a service one of their number missionary of the Seventh Day Ad- will interpret what has been said. ventists, in British Guiana. It appears that Mr. Davis had left Georgetown, the headquarters of the mission, to do Persecution of Christians in Nigeria work in the jungle among the Indians. Native Christians at Ushi, in the He had taught the Indians the sin of Ekiti district of southern N-igeria, polygamy, and had instructed them have been subjected to severe persecu- that each man should give up all his tions, their church having been wives, except the first one. This wrecked, and some of them badly

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

beaten. According to the English ago a certain official refused to permit Governor, the heathen chiefs give as the rebuilding qf a church building by the excuse for these outrages that, as native Christians, but an appeal to soon as a man is converted, he refuses headquarters caused almost immedito conform to the tribal customs and ately the issuing of an order that he obligations, and many occasions arise rnl1st not hinder the native Christians when the convert declines to obey in their work of church erection. orders issued by the chiefs, because they are not consistent with his Chris- OCEAN WORLD tian profession, and he appeals in self-defense to the Christian pastor. The Supreme Need in Malasyia Five Kings at a Missionary Meeting Says the Malaysia Message: "Every missionary should strive to possess The centenary movement of the two indispensable things: (I) The gift Wesleyan Methodist Missionary So- of tongues; (2) The gift of the Spirit. ciety is commanding deep interest in The former is a matter of perseverdistant parts of the field. Rev. W. R. ance and hard work. The workers Griffin, of the Gold Coast, reports a who have a language and use it well meeting, at Cape Coast in these are men and women whose dictionary terms: "The chapel was crowded. always lies open, and well-thumbed Five native kings were present with on their study table. Few are brilliant. their retinues. The Ohmanhin (king) Foreign languages do not come to of Cape Coast, presided, a man eighty- many people by nature. They work! five years of age, who was nine years The latter is obtainable at the throne of age when our first missionary of grace. God is no respecter of perlanded at Cape Coast.in 1835. A great sons. 'Ask and ye shall receive,' and spiritual power rested upon the meet- 'tarry until ye be endued.' The two ing. We held another crowded meet- are inseparably necessary. He who ing at night; and before the day closed learns Chinese without the baptism of £300 in cash, almost all in silver, had the Holy Ghost will have a dead lanbeen paid in. Weare hoping that the guage. And he who hopes to substi- Cape Coast Circuit will raise alto- tute spirituality for a knowledge of gether £450." Mr. Griffin adds: the vernacular buys a sweet-toned vio- "What hath God wrought indeed! lin without any strings on with which Seventy-six years ago our first mis- to express the contained melody." sionary landed here; to-day we have 200 native teachers, agents, catechists, Penang Schools Crowded and ministers; 3 I ,000 full, trial, junior, and catechumen members; and The educational work of Methodism about IOO,ooo people worshiping in in Penang has grown remarkably. our churches." The Anglo-Chinese Boys' School has an enrolment of over 1,000. A high Good News from Madagascar standard of scholarship is maintained. In Singapore the same conditions pre- After the year of difficulties in the vail. The school here is even larger way of Protestant missionaries in than the one in Penang. In fact, it is Madagascar, and the petty persecu- so large that they have to divide it tions of native Christians upon that into morning and afternoon sections, great island by the official represen- the morning section beginning at eight tatives of the French Government, a o'clock, and closing at twelve-thirty, better day seems' to have dawned for and the afternoon beginning at twelvethe Protestants there. The governor- thirty and closing at five o'clock. general, appointed a short time ago as successor to the enemy of Protes- Ex.Cannibals Flocking to Christ tant missions, shows that he is at least impartial and will do nothing to hin- Missionary Wagner, of the Papuan der freedom of worship. Not long Mission in German New Guinea, an- nounces that 2,000 heathen have, in the last few years, joined the ehurches

there. He describes how parties of world combined. The Oxford Press them came from great distances to turns out 200,000 Bibles a week. The take part in the last Christmas cele- British and Foreign Bible Society bration. Numbers arrived days be- prints the Bible in 400 languages. The fore, and were set to work clearing head of one of the great publishing away brush, weeding and setting in houses of London stated recently that order the station grounds, until they it had been impossible for several fairly shone. Six hundred of these years for the house with which he former cannibals packed the station was connected to print Bibles rapidly church. The children from the school enough to supply the demand. It was sang, "Peaceful Night, Holy Night," stated that the Boxer war in China and the final choral was sung by the would drive Bible religion from that congregation with a mighty power empire, yet the issue of Bibles for which would have filled the friends of China last year was 428,000 copies. missions at home with delight if they The American Bible Society pubcould but have heard it. lished and distributed in 1910, 2,153,- 028 copies of the Bible. The total MISCELLANEOUS annual issues of Scriptures are over One Billion Without the Goapel 19,000,000 volumes.

That there exist to-day I,OOO,OOO,- OBITUARY NOTE 000 of people of the 1,600,000,000 of Rev. James H. Messmore, of India the earth who are yet unreached by the Gospel was the startling statement After fifty years of missionary seniof Rev. lv. Y. Fullerton, of England, ice in India, without a furlough in the in his address on "Christianizing the past thirty years, Rev. James H. Mess- World in Non-Christian Lands." He more died at Pauri, North India, Oc- characterized this as the reproach of tober 16, in the seventy-sixth year of the Church of Christ in this twentieth his life. He was one of the early century. The solution of the problem pioneers associated with William But- is that this is not a sphere where man's ler in the founding of Methodist Epis- discovery and guesses avail, but God's copal missions in India. Mr. Mess- revelations are needed. Commenting more was born in Ontario, Canada, in on the fact that the whole world is T836, and was educated at Allegheny open, Mr. Fullerton said there were College and at Garrett Biblical Insti- few lands-Tibet, Afghanistan, and tute. He sailed for India in Novem- some native Indian states where the ber, I860, and did important work as doors are still shut; others where nat- principal of the "Htlsainabad High ural conditions form a barrier-Bor- School," Lucknow, which later be- neo, New Guinea, the Amazon Valley, came Reid Christian College. With the Solomon Islands, but broadly James M. Thoburn he founded the speaking the Church of Christ can go Lucknow Witness in I87I, which be- where it will, for the door is open. came The Indian Witness. He served The Annual Output of Bibles as pastor of the English churches at Lucknow and Naini Tal; was a pro- Twenty-seven Bible societies are fessor in the Theological School at printing the Bible; I in the United Bareilly; was manager of the Luck- States, 3 in Great Britain, and 23 on now Publishing House; awl eluring the European continent. These 27 different periods was presiding elder societies reported an aggregate output of theOudh, Kumaon, Moradabad, in 19IO of I2,843,I96 Bibles. It is and Garhwal Districts. At the time of conservatively stated that more copies his death he was superintendent of the of the Bible were sold last year than Garhwal District, having held this po- of any other hundred books of the sition since 1908.

THE MISSIONARY

THE FOREIGN DOCTOR. A Biography of self after the release, "your resur- Joseph P. Cochran, of Persia. By Robert E. Speer. 12mo, 384 pp. $1.50. rected husband." New York, 1911. To Dr. Ament was delegated the Dr. Cochran was an unusual man difficult and delicate task of receivand lived an unusual life. He was ing deputations from the villages afborn in Persia, and, after his educa- ter the outbreak, and distributing tion, returned to the field of his par- money to those who had lost all ent,," labors to carryon their work. in the riots. Great patience and tact He was famous as a doctor, the were shown, and the Christians of "Hakim Sahib," and exerted great the American Board missions were power over the Persians with whom cared for more promptly than others he came into contact. Many of his ex- because of Dr. Ament's promptness periences were of thrilling interest, for and sagacity. he was one of the prominent men at the time of the Kurdish invasion. His Dr. Ament was also interested in influence saved the city of Urumia. the movement toward union in mis- He was a minister of life, physical and sion effort in China. The American spiritual, was beloved-almost wor- Board, Presbyterian Mission, and shiped by all classes-and was deco- London Missionary Society united in rated by the Shah for his services. His definite educational work, and establife gives us not only the sympathetic lished a Union College of Arts at history of a great man, but shows the Tung Chow. A Union Theological methods, difficulties and results of School in Peking, a Union College medical missions in Persia, and gives for Women, and a Union Medical us an intimate view of the people of School were also opened. Federa- Persia and the conditions in that an- tion conferences were held, and other cient civilizations and modern degen- efforts were made to promote coeracy. Dr. Speer has gathered a large operative effort. In these, and all number of interesting facts, incidents other good work, Dr. Ament took an active part.

and letters that reveal the man and his FRANK FIELD ELLINWOOD. His Life and experiences as he knew himself and as others knew him. Work. By Mary G. Ellinwood. 12mo. 246 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911.

WILLIAM SCOTT AMENT. By Henry D. Dr. Ellinwood was one of the mis- Porter. 8vo, 377 pp. Illustrated. $1.50. sionary statesmen of the nineteenth Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. century. The great advance in Pres- 1911. byterian missions in America and the growth of a more serious study of The thirty years during which Wil- missions and of comparative religion liam S. Ament was in China were were coincident with his tenure of the years of transition, so that the office as secretary of the Presbyterian story of his life shows the causes Board in the United States of Amerand progress of the change which ica. This progress was largely due has taken place. As. a missionary to Dr. Ellinwood's influence. of the American Board, Mr. Ament lived and labored first in Paoting fu Miss Ellinwood's biography of her and then in Peking. A brief period father is a daughter's loving tribute of three years' pastoral work in to a noble and honored father. A por- America intervened, but most of the tion is autobiographical, and Dr. Robyears were spent in China. He passed ert E. Speer and Miss Ellen Parsons through the China-Japan War, and contribute two chapters on Dr. Ellinwas in Peking during the Boxer wood's relation to the Foreign Mission uprising. His letters during these Boards. stirring times are vivid and striking descriptions. Writing to his wife, His life story is of a personal nawho was not with him, he signs him- ture, but many of the pages are full of interest and inspiration. They give the accounts of his pastorates, jour- and its workers, difficulties and enneys in America and Europe and Asia, couragements. The first portion of his editorial work on the New York the book would make a good mission- E~'angelist, his authorship, lectures ary text-book. and thirty-seven years of work for Foreign Missions. The world and the THE EFFICIENT LAYMAN: or, THE RELIGIOUS Church need more men of the noble, TRAINING OF MEN. By Henry Fredcapable, faithful, lovable type of erick Cope, General Secretary Relig- Frank Field Ellinwood. ious Education Association. pp. 244. $1.00. The Griffith & Rowland Press, CHRISTIAN FAITH AND THE NEW PSYCHOL- Philadelphia, 1911. OGY. By David A. Murray, D.D. lZmo, 384 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co., This thesis for Ph.D. degree in 1911. Ripon College brings before us a prac- tical inquiry into an important subject. Dr. 11 urray was formerly principal The survey of the various agencies of Osaha Theological Training School operating for the religious training of in Japan and is classed among the the adult is wide and general and will mediators behveen the old and new awaken appreciation of their scope, schools of theology. He holds to a importance, and undeveloped possidoctrine of evolution, but believes it bilities. May it also lead to closer to be an aid to faith, not destructive economy of operation and to increased of it. He seeks to explain scientifi- efficiency in service through their cocally how, in one person, there may be ordination into educational unity. two or more centers of consciousness. He endeavors to give an expla- The Sunday School, the Adult Bible nation of the vicarious atonement in Class, the Brotherhood, and the Young the death of Christ, and holds that Men's Christian Association are rethought transference helps to explain viewed by the author, who points out the inspiration of the prophets. No their weaknesses as well as their one will probably agree with all of strength, suggesting means of im- Dr. Murray's arguments or con- provement at the same time. The clusions, but his book makes an inter- chapters on the work of the college esting study, as one reverent man's at- man in the Church and the training of tempt to understand some of the great men in the colleges for Christian work problems of religious faith that are are interesting and full of informanot fully revealed. It is a fresh and tion. stimulating contribution to Christian apologetics, but must not be looked The writer calls for immediate acupon as a final or authoritative utter- tion by the churches that they become ance on the subjects under discussion. really "the light of the world" and serve it in the true sense of the word. MEXICO AND OUR MISSION. By James G. His volume is timely and should be Dale. 1Zmo, 272 pp. $1.25. Lebanon, read by ministers as well as laymen. Fa., 1911. THE FRUITS OF THE TREE. By William "Our Mission" is the American Jennings Bryan. pp. 61. 35 cents. "As'sociate Reformed Presbyterian Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. Mission," a society whose headquarters are in due west South Carolina, and This is the reprint of the magnifiwhich has in Mexico four missionary cent address which Mr. Bryan depastors, eight native pastors, six for- livered at the World's Missionary eign teachers and twenty-four stations Conference, Edinburgh, on June 17, and outstations, with 516 communi- 1910. It is interesting and instructive, cants. Mr. Dale's book is a brief but and we recommend it heartily to our comprehensive and readable descrip- readers. The theme is the product of tion of the country, people, history and Christianity in twelve manner of religion of Mexico, with an account fruits. Many of the facts are drawn of the associate Reformed Mission from Mr. Bryan's visit to the mission fields. VAL AND HIS FRIENDS. By Agnes Giberne. Each was well known in his own 12mo, 190 pp. 2s. net. Society for the Church, and ~ome had a world-wide Propagation of the Gospel. London, reputation. Each life story carries its 1911. own lesson and inspiration. Val is an Indian boy-one of the vast multitude who is unknown to CONSERVATION OF NATIONAL IDEALS, A Home readers in England and America ex- Mission Text Book. By Mrs. D. B. Wells and others. 12mo, 187 pp. 50 cept as a "heathen." This story for cents net. Fleming H. Revell Co., young people presents him as a boy, 1911. a brother, one who is human, companionable, lovable, worth saving. It is Home missions are receiving more an interesting little story, a little serious attention during late years and stilted in style but giving a sympa- are studied with more of the interest thetic picture of life in India. and intelligence such as has been given to foreign missions. The problems THE CHURCH IN GREATER BRITAIN. Third presented are immense and the field is Edition. By G. Robert Wynne, D.D. large. In this new text-book, issued 12mo, 204 pp. 15. 6d. net. Society for under the auspices of the Council of the Propagation of the Gospel, Lon- don, 1911. vVomen for Home Missions, various authorities contribute the different The Church of England is here de- chapters. Mrs. Wells writes on Home scribed as it was founded in the Brit- Missions as "a conserving force," and ish Isles and as it is found in America, is followed by Prof. E. A. Steiner on Australia, India, South Africa and the immigrant, Ray Stannard Baker other colonies. These Donnellan lectures were first published ten years on the Negro, Professor Rauschenago, and it is a testimony to their busch on the Church and social quesmerit that they are now called for in tions, Elizabeth Vermilye on nona third and enlarged edition. They Christian faiths in America, and Dr. make an earnest appeal for more la- Charles L. Thompson on Christian borers. Conservation.

MISSIONARY HEROES OF THE LUTHERAN The book offers a valuable and stim- CHURCH. Edited by L. B. Wolf, D.D. ulating series of studies, with variety 12mo, 246 pp. 75 cents. The Lutheran in subject and author and a large Publication Society, Philadelphia, 1911. amount of fresh in£ormation. In the Who are they? Some are well chapter on "Non-Christian Faiths in known like Ziegenbalg and Schwartz. America," we learn of the increase of Others are not familiar names, but are worth knowing-Heyer,Officer,Rowe, Mormonism, of the coming of Bah- Harpster, Day and. Kinsinger. There ism, the teachings of Buddhism and is also an account of Lutheran Mis- Theosophy, and the founding of sions before Carey, the American be- temples of Hinduism, or Vedantism. ginnings in the General Synod and Christians have a great opportunity to statistics of Lutheran Missions in In- reach the heathen that are coming through our doors.

dia anci throughout the world. They STRANGE SIBERIA ALONG THE TRANs-SmEare a noble banrl of missionaries. RIAN RAILWAY, By Marcus L. Taft.

Heyer emigrated to America and from 16mo, 260 pp. $1.00, net. Eaton & Mains, there went to India and founded the New York. 1911.

Guntur Mission. Morris Officer was These are chatty little sketches and an Ohio Lutheran who went to Sierra observ,ations on a journey from China Leone and founded the Muhlenberg to New York. They give many in- Mission. Harpster went from Penn- teresting experiences, and some good sylvania to India; Adam Rowe was a suggestions to travelers along this children's missionary who went to In- route. Unique things are pointed dia. David A. Day worked in the out, cities and scenes are described, Muhlenberg Mission and Samuel people ar~ portrayed, and incidents Kinsinger in the Guntur Mission. narrated in an attractive style. It is

not a book of permanent value, but CHINESE PLAYMATES. By Norman H. Pit- man. L. C. Page & Co., Boston. 1911. is an excellent series of travelers' THE CHINESE AT HOME: or, THE MAN OF sketches that will instruct and amuse. TONG AND HIS LAND. By J. Dyer Ball. BAPTISTS MOBILIZED FOR MISSIONS. By A. L. Vail. 12mo. 176 pp. 75 cents, net 370 pp. 5s, net. ReligIOUS Tract So- Am. Baptist Pub. Soc., Philadelphia. ciety, London. 1911. THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN CHINA. By This history of the Baptist Home Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated, 8vo. and Foreign missions covers the pe- 232 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revel! Co., New York. 1911. riod from the general missionary con- A MIRROR OF TIlE HINDU PHILOSOPHICAL vention in 1814, up to the present SYSTEMS. By Nehemiah Nilakantha time-including the Northern and Sastri Goreh. Translated from the Southern Baptist work. It is a no- original Hundi, printed and manuscript, by Fitz-Edward Hall, D.C.L. Third table history-a good handbook for Edition. 12mo, 384 pp. The Chris- tian Literature Society for India, Lon- Baptist pastors. don. 1911. SOME GREAT LEADERS IN THE WORLD MOVE- NEW BOOKS MENT. By Robert E. Speer. 12mo, 295 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., AN INTERPRETATION OF INDIA'S RELIGIOUS New York. 1911. HISTORY. By Robert A. Hume, D.D. A WORLD BOOK OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. What Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, they are, What they Prove, How to 1911. Help. By Edward T. Reed. 12mo, 300 pp. 2/6 net. Headley Bros., London, MISSIONARY ADVENTURES. By Georgiana 1911. Forde. With an introductory note by CUBA AND HER PEOPLE OF TO-DAY. By the Bishop of Winchester. 205 pp. Forbes Lindsay. L. C. Page & Co., 2s. 6d. Skeffington, London. 1911. Boston, 1911. ARGENTINA AND HER PEOPLE OF TO-DAY. By A MANUAL OF CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES, FOR Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated. L. C. JEWISH PEOPLE. By the Rev. A. Lukyn Page & Co., Boston. 1911. Williams, D.D. 55. net. London, Simp- FAMOUS PRIVATEERS MEN AND ADVENTURERS kin, Marshall & Co. 1911. OF THE SEA. By C. H. L. Johnston. Illustrated. L. C. Page & Co., Boston, REYOLUTION IN CONSTANTINOPLE AND TUR- 1911. KEY IN 1909. By Prof. Sir William UNDER THE ROOF OF THE JUNGLE. By Ramsay, D.C.L., LL.D., D.D. Illus- Charles Livingston Bull. L. C. Page trated. 323 pp. $3.75 net. George H. & Co., Boston, 1911. Doran Co., New York. 1911. THE OLD FAITH AND THE NEW GOSPELS. • Special Addresses on Christianity and THE LAND OF GOOD HoPE, A STUDY CIRCLE BOOK ON 'SOUTH AFRICA. By Rev. Her- Modern Thought. By Rev. A. B. Simp- bert Moore, M.A. Illustrated. 25. net. son. 16mo, 101 pp. Alliance Press Society for the Propagation of the Gos- pel, London. 1911. Co., New York. 1911.

A HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN PAMPHLETS SOUTH AFRICA. By]. Du Plessis. 494 pp. lOs. 6d. Longmans, Greel1 & Co., MIRACLES. By the Rev. Canon Weit- New York and London. 1911. brecht, D.D. po. 16. Christian Liter- ature Society for India, London. 1910. THE STORY OF KOREA. By S. H. Longford. 400 po. lOs. 6d. net. Fisher Unwin, A PRIMER OF HINDUISM. By J N. Far- London. 1911. quhar. pp. 187. Christian Literature JAVA, SUMATRA, AND OTHER ISLANDS OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By A. Cahaton. Society for India, London. 1911. $3.00 net. Charles Scribner's Sons, 'l"HE CHRISTIAN IDEA OF THE INCARNATION. New York. 1911. By S. Rudra. pp. 16. Christian Liter- DAYLIGHT IN THE HAREM. A New Era for ature Society for India, London. 1911. Moslem Women. By Annie Van Som- THE ADULT BIBLE CLASS MONTHLY. Oc- mer and others. Fleming H. Revell tober, 1911. Eaton & Mains, New Co., New York. 1911. York. THE REVOLT OF SUNDARAMMA. By Mrs. THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE MODERN MIS- Maud Johnston Elmore. Illustrated. $1.00 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., SIONARY WORLD. By Abram Woodruff New York. 1911. Halsey. pp. 13. Board of Foreign Mis- sions, New York. 1911. THE UNIFICA'IION OF THE CHUBCHES. By D. THE TORCH BEARERS. By Basil Mathews, W. Fisher. 16mo, 93 pp. 50 cents net. M.A. pp. 59. London Missionary So- Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1911. ciety, London. 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1911

METHODIST MISSION HOSPITAL, CHENTU, SZCHUAN

In 1895 the old one-story building was torn down by a mob because it was "too high." This building, recently opened, has a tower 90 feet high.

FIRST CHINESE PRESBYTERIAN SYNOD IN MANCHURIA SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN CHINA

CJ"he gMiss{onary 'R..eview

of the World PubUshe.. by Funk and Wagnalls Company (Iaaac K. Funk. Pres., A. W. Wagnall!l, Vice-Pres., Robert 1. Cuddihy, Treas., Roberi Scott, 8ec'7), <W-6O E. 23d St.., New York VOL. XXXIV. No. 10 OCTOBER, 1911 VOL. XXIV. No. 10 Old Series New Serie<; SIGNS OF THE TIMES~ ASIA AWAKENING The great mass movements in India are full of encouragement as well as The most encouraging thing in In- full of danger. More than half a mil- dia is the present unrest, says Sher- lion have been gathered in from the wood Eddy. Cause for hope is found out-castes of India, and fifty millions in the conflict of the new civilization of this class are at the door of the with the old, the working of a new Church to-day. The mass movement principle, the upheaving of a new life. is occurring, not only among the out- Five causes have led up to this, name- caste class, but also among the middle ly; Western education, the nation's class, the great backbone of India. iJ,lltipathy for foreign rulers, the poverty of the masses leading to natural There is also manifest within the dissatisfaction, the agitation of the Church a new missionary spirit. In educated Indians for self-government, the pagoda, where, one hundred years and the dissatisfaction of the people ago, Henry Martin went and prayedwith the old order, both political and Henry Martin, who said that he would religious. as soon expect to see some one rise from the dead as to see a Brahman be- England is doing much for India, come a Christian-I saw converted but the marvelous thing is the awaken- Brahmans, converted Mohammedans, ing of that empire-an awakening, men from every province of India, met first, within the Church; and second, to organize a native missionary ?ociety, without the Church in the leavening of under native management and supthe life of the people. It is an awaken- ported by native money. ing involving the reaction of Christianity upon the non-Christian religions Greater still is the effect of the and upon the whole nation. awakening outside of the Christian Church. It is resulting in a new ideal The empire is surely becoming of life. The changeless life of con- Christian. While during the last dec- templation is giving place to one of ade the population has increased 20 activity, of self-realization, of progper cent., the Parsees have gained 4 ress. There is a new national conper cent., the Jews 6 per cent., the Mo- sciousness, a new patriotism sweeping hammedans 8 per cent., while the Prot- over the country. There is a new deestant native Christians increased 63 mand for reform, a new attitude toper cent., more than 20 times as fast as ward woman. The old caste system is the population.

• The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to these pages.-EoITORS. beginning to crack like the old temples being driven into the fold of Chris- that are crumbling. Thirty Brahmans, tianity or Islam. To this end the conthirty Mohammedans and thirty Chris- ference passed the following resolu- tians recently met to discuss the new tions: "That in the opinion of this national unity. Five years ago that conference it is necessary and desir- would have meant the loss of caste for able ( I) that the deprest classes the Brahmans. throughout India be raised socially, spiritually, mentally, and morally, and Best of all, there is a new attitude that steps be taken for the achievetoward religion. The Brahmans have ment of this end: (2) to admit to taken over from us the ideas of the the fold of Hinduism those who de- fatherhood of God and the brother- sire it, after the performance of hood of man. They are making des- Prayas-chitta (penance, including the perate effort to regalvanize Hinduism. eating and drinking of the five pro- ducts of the cow), and Homa." All Asia is awakening, from Japan to India, from Korea to Persia, from SAVING INDIA'S CHILDREN China to Turkey. When we remember that Asia was the cradle of the The cry of India's children still race, the birthplace of our own civil- goes up to God. They are not to-day ization, the teacher of the West, the thrown into the Ganges as an act of mother of all the great religions of the worship, and in many districts the laws world, what have we that we have not of child-marriage and the remarriage received from the East? Asia, with of widows are making their lot more more than twice the population of Eu- bearable. Schools are opening the rope, six times that of Africa, more gates to knowledge, and Christian misthan half of the race, 850 millions of sions are pointing out the way of life, our fellow men, is awakening. What but there are stiII millions who not shall be the answer of the West to the only suffer from poverty and abuse at call of the East? It demands that we home, but who are destroyed body and give to Asia our life.* soul by the evil laws and customs of the country. One of the worst is the IMPORTANT HINDU CONFERENCE dedication of female children to the life of prostitution in connection with Recent word from Allahabad, India, various temples where they are "marbrings news of the first "Ghuddi" ried to the god." Recently the atten~ (purification) conference-to consider tion of the Secretary of State for Inthe admission of non-Hindus and out- dia has been called to the methods by castes to Hinduism, and the readmis- which these girls are secured and sion of repentant converts. Even doomed to their evil life, and he has Hindus have awakened to the fact addrest the Indian Government on that their religion must be missionary the subject. The present law makes or die. Instead of the absence of it a penal offense to sell, let or hire, any desire that a non-Hindu or a or otherwise dispose of any minor unlapsed Hindu should be received into der sixteen years of age for the purthe fold, there is now the realization pose of prostitution, or for any unlawthat some effort must be made to ful or immoral purpose, but the law is prevent the 60,000,000 outcastes from *M. Eddy is quoted from Illustrated Missionary News.

OF THE

evaded by various methods of mar- China is ~ country in which one can riage, adoption and subterfuge. The study, as in a laboratory, every phe- great difficulty is to secure satisfactory nomenon of the development of civili- evidence. zation, economics, history, religion, It is something that public opinion education, ethics. The economic loss of is being aroused both in regard to this bad roads, of a multiform currency, or and the patronage of Nautch girls. It rather a formless currency, the evils of is hoped that all men and women who an autocracy and the difficulty and pretend to light and learning will join cost of getting together and forming in the effort to liberate India's children a constitutional and representative from vice, and that those who are government, the dangers of a public praising India's unworthy and un- opinion that is against any sort of wholesome customs will be put to public sanitation, the awfulness of ig- shame. norance and superstition and of witch- PROGRESS IN CHINA craft, torture and elaborate processes of law that lead anywhere rather than The importance of missionary work to justice, the curse of a social code in China is growing more and more that permits polygamy, the despair of evident to every student of missions. unreserved and unblushing abandon- A recent letter from Dr. Schultz, of ment to opium and to every other vice, the Union Medical College in Tsinall, the mockery of religions that are pure- Shantung, brings out some very in- ly formal, have no power and only lead teresting facts~ He says: astray. Here an observer begins to The various mISSIOns, English, realize a little of the meaning and of American, Baptist, Anglican, Presby- the cost of attainment of such institu- terian, in Shantung province, China, tions as home, freedoJ;TI, enlightenment, containing some 35,000,000 souls, have religions toleration, Christianity. One united in higher educational work un- never ceases to wonder at the degret der the name of the Shantung Chris- of ignorance and superstition about tian l)niversity. There is an arts col- the simplest physical things, shown by lege of over 300, a theological school these rational and intelligent people.

of 40 or S0, and a medical school, just The most wonderful thing, however, beginning, with at present 17 or 18 is not that one sees here society in students. Education is not so far ad- a stage of development in which it . vanced here as along the Yang-tse was in Europe centuries ago-but that River and in Canton, the elementary one sees the processes by which civil- schools not being quite so fully de- ized countries painfully attained their veloped. All' of the teaching is done present condition with institutions ac- In Chinese, so that the medical school tually and visibly in operation about • will never be able to take the same you. Reforms are really in operation, high position as one where English the cue is going, dress is changing, the is used, but it also means that it will cQurts are less futile and the penol- be able to meet the immediate, over- ogy less barbarous, women are better whelming medical and moral needs of treated, some people are begnning to the next thirty years of this province . look askance at polygamy, a consti- and region in the best way. tution and parliament are coming, rail-

roads and the post-office and business GOING BACKWARD IN JAPAN and Western education are making appreciable inroads on ignorance and Recent advice from Japan puts a superstition. Best of all, Christianity less encouraging interpretation on the is seen to be at the bottom of the action of the Government in encourag- whole movement. It is certain that ing religious observances than many at nothing less than Christianity will first hoped. The anarchist plot starever be able to touch the appalling in- tled Japan, and led some to express the ertia of heathenism; the weight of it idea that the Japanese people must be is enough to drive anyone who thinks religious in order to be safe, and that of it out of his head. What thrills all religions should be impartially recone and strengthens faith and teaches ognized. The fact seems to be that the the true philosophy of history is that feeling of insecurity induced by the Christ in the lives of men actually trial of the plotters resulted in a desire furnishes the motive force of the whole to make the Shinto beliefs and observgreat process. ances supreme by way of assuring be- lief in the divinity of the Mikado. This whole Eastern life is like the The Minister of Education is reported life of the Bible. From the landscape to have said, "In imparting education to the psychology of the people, it is the the most careful attention should be same. WaIled cities with the room directed to encouraging the people to over the gate; shepherds, children reverence the Shinto deities, placing playing in the market-place, two wom- great importance on religious services en grinding at the mill, vultures hov- held in commemoration of their anering over the carrion, a lamp for cestors." A missionary writes that in one's feet, perils of robbers, perils of consequence of this teachers are taking rivers, the unjust steward, the thresh- their children to the Shinto shrines and ing floor and winnowing fan, the wed- some are trying to keep children from ding feast, the funeral wailing, the attendance on the Christian Sundayblind, the beggar, the sirocco, drought, schools. The Christians are opposing always the second invitation to a feast this, and there is danger of a clash. when all things are now ready, the It seems impossible that Japan should prisoner who does not get out of the turn back to the legends on which clutches of judge and turnkey until Shinto is founded, and withdraw rehe has paid every last cent he has in ligious liberty from its subjects and the world, vast self-respect, and a cer- their children. The Japanese must tain fine culture and refinement and learn that the hope of the nation is in education of the Eastern sort coupled God as revealed in Christ and not in with utter poverty, the tormentors, te- legends or in the Emperor's person. dious salutations by the way and to avoid them no greetings at all in pass- JUBILEE AND UNITY IN NATAL ing. These and many more show Eastern life and the Eastern mind to The seventy-fifth anniversary (June be the same everywhere and make the 23 to July 4) of the entrance of the Bible a new book; not a week goes by Gospel to the Zulus was the occasion that one does not get new light and a of a great celebration at several differnew reality from these Ce1estials. ent centers. Under the leadership of American Board missionaries twenty denominations united in the cere-

19II ] SIGNS OF THE

monies, and the Governor-General, make them an irresistible power for Lord Gladstone, delivered a notable the regeneration of Russia. Many are address. The participation of the hungering for the truth and for the life Church of England missionaries led that Christ alone can give. They prove to the election of an archdeacon as their heroism and their hunger by suf- president of the Natal Missionary fering persecution for their faith. A Conference for the coming year. This commission was appointed at the con- is a notable step in advance. Resolu- vention, consisting of Dr. R. S. Mac- tions were adopted which bind the Arthur of New York, Dr. Russell cooperating bodies to respect each Conwell of Philadelphia, and Rev. F. other's discipline and to avoid as far as B. Meyer of London, to go to Russia possible beginning work in localities in October and petition the Czar for where other societies are already la- larger concessions to Christians in boring, and to create an advisory general and to Baptists in particular. council consisting of missionaries and There is some doubt as to the Czar's native ministers, which will endeavor reception of such a commission, but it to promote uniformity in conditions of is hoped that the agitation will promembership" instruction and discip- duce some beneficial results. Russia is line, and act as a board of arbitration still reactionary, and the promised libfor the reduction of overlapping. It erty of conscience has not yet been was decided to establish an interde- realized. nominational Zulu newspaper under the auspices of the conference. Dr. THE BIBLE AND THE GREEKS Cornelius H. Patton, of the American Board, gave impulse to the spirit of A result of the new Constitution in cooperation that pervaded the cele- Greece is the denial of the Bible to bration, and _spoke with power on the people in their common speech. "What Africa Means to the Christian Few of them can understand the World." classical form of their language. By an Administrative Order, ten years CHRISTIANITY IN RUSSIA ago, the New Testament in Modern Greek was prohibited, and now (chief- The presence of William Fetler, the ly, it is believed, through the influ- Russian evangelist, and thirty other ence of the Patriarchate of Constan- Christians who have suffered persecu- tinople) the Old Testament is intion for their faith in the land of the cluded in the prohibition. So . the Czar, awakened great interest at the nation, save for the copies already Baptist anniversaries in Philadelphia. circulated, is now without the Bible. These men revealed the sterling char- The British and Foreign Bible Soacter of Russian Christians, and im- ciety has sought in vain to induce the prest the audiences with a belief that Holy Synod to publish a Modern a new day will ere long dawn for Rus- Greek version of its own, at the Sosia. The young men are insistently ciety's expense. It now appeals "to· demanding greater liberty of con- the finer Hellenic spirit, which has science and more personal freedom. always won the admiration and friend- Thinkers are developing, and only ship of the British people, to say need a right relationship to God to_ whether or not there sha,ll be liberty

in Greece to read the Bible in the joined together all over the world in language of the common people. thanking God for 300 years of a vernacular English Bible. According to the Second Article of the new Constitution, "the text of the THE SITUATION IN PORTUGAL Holy Scriptures is maintained unchanged; the rendering thereof in "It appears that the new Portuanother linguistic form, without the guese Government have been making previous sanction of the Great Church experiments in legislation of a kind of Christ in Constantinople also, is that suggests children playing with absolutely prohibited." explosives," says the Missionary Rec- ord. The Law for the Separation In this article the words "the text of Church and State in Portugal is of the Holy Scriptures" include the unquestionably a blow aimed at the Septuagint Version of the Old Te~ta­ Roman Catholic Church. It is an ment in Ancient Greek. Modern index to the exasperation wrought in Greek is "another linguistic form." patriotic minds by the long, dark des- Before the new Constitution was rotism of the Church; by priestly arframed the New Testament only in rogance and corruption.. It does not Modern Greek was prohibited, and effect simple disestablishment. All that only by an "Administrative Or- ecclesiastical property becomes the der." Thus the Bible in the people's possession of the State, and measures tongue is absolutely prohibited by an are enforced which must bear heavily article of the Constitution. upon congregational life. Clearly the government will not grieve if that The responsibility of the prohibi- life becomes impossible. For example, tion appears to rest on the Patriar- the churches must be supported exchate of Constantinople; but the in- clusively by the contributions of their troduction of the word "also" pre- living members. Even so, one-third vents even the Patriarchate from of the money thus raised must be overruling the wishes of the Holy handed over to a secular committee, Synod in Athens. It is useless, there- to be applied to such charitable and fore, to appeal to the Patriarch as philanthropic objects as the committee long as the Orthodox Church in may select. Whether intended to do Greece persists in the policy of op- so or not, the law imperils the very posing versions. As the direct re- existence of the foreign congregasult of this policy millions of Greeks tions in Lisbon and elsewhere in to whom the Ancient Greek texts are Portugal. The representatives of the only more or less a dead language European Powers, acting in concert, have now no access to the Bible in have secured promises of exemption any version which they can under- from the responsible minister; promstand. ises which he evidently finds it dif- ficult to fulfil. Diplomatic action The door closed ten years ago must be supported in all legitimate against the New Testament has been "ays, if the foreign churches are to doubly barred by the new Constitu- enjoy the freedom and security tion, which shuts out the whole Bible. hitherto accorded them. What this means to the national and sp'iritual life bf Greece let those say who, during the present year, have

AND ITS

BY REV. WILLIAM A. SHEDD, D.D., URUMIA, PERSIA Bahaism, both in its Eastern and in cide what constitutes a Bahai. For its Western development, is one of the example, the writer had with him as significant facts in modern history. It an assistant in school work a Persian, originated in the claim made in 1844 with whom he discust religious topics by Sayyid Ali Mohammed, a young freely. For years he disavowed bemerchant of Shiraz, Persia, to be the lief in Bahaism, but finally he ap- Bab or medium of communication peared in the role of an active propawith the hidden Imam. It received a gandist of that faith. Concealment of new form in 1866, when Mirza Hu- religious faith is a common practise in sain Ali Nuri claimed to be the Mani- Persia, and it is approved and recomfestation of God promised by the Bab, mended by the Bahais. The following and took the title of Baha Ullah. Un- line of investigation is sound in prinder his leadership and that of his son, ciple, and is offered as the best avail- Abbas Effendi, Abdul Baha, it claims able. The nomad population (whether to be "religion renewed and revived," Sunni or Shia), the Kurds, the Arabs "the one goal toward which Truth has and other Sunnis, can be left entirely always worked," "the universal re- out of the account, as there are no ligion of the world, and the basis of Bahias among them. ,These make up the great universal civilization that is from a fourth to a third of the whole to be." Such claims might be quoted population. The mass of the people indefinitely, but the following may be in the villages, except in a few disnoted here: tricts in the south of Persia and along the Caspian, are unaffected by the I. That it contains the essential propaganda. There remain the cities teachings of all other religions. and towns having populations of five thousand and more. The total in habi- 2. That it is for the present age the tants of these centers is not above two highest manifestation of truth. millions. One million or more of these must be eliminated, for the ignorant 3. That it is the foundation not only day-laborers and similar classes in the of individual welfare, but of intellec- cities are not influenced by Bahaism. tual and social progress. An era of Of the remaining million, certainly not universal peace and right is to be more than one-tenth are Bahais, which brought in by the acceptance of the would give about one hundred thouauthority of Baha. sand as the maximum number. A similar result is reached by stating 4. That it is the fulfilment of proph- positively that Bahais are found only ecies contained in other religions, and that it replaces those religions, espe- among the more intelligent classes, i.e., cially Judaism, Christianity and Mohammedanism. the merchants, mollahs, mirzas, land- owners, officials, etc., and that not It is difficult to make even an ap- more than one in ten of these are proximate estimate of the number in Bahais. Probably the proportion is Persia. Most of the figures given are even smaller. Some Jews in Teheran gross exaggerations. Persia is not a and Ramadan are Bahais, as are some populous country, and the Bahais of Persia are found among certain classes only. It is not an easy question to de-

Zoroastrians; but the former number Mohammedans were offended by hav- in all only about 30,000, and the latter ing to study the Christian Scriptures.

about 8,000. Their influence is out While the claims made by Bahais of proportion to their numbers, and of millions of adherents are clearly that the actual numbers show a re- wrong, they are widely scattered, and markable growth for the period of are found among intelligent people.

their existence. They have published both in English Outside of Persia there are Bahais and in French books and tracts in- in Burma, in India, in Syria and some tended to' present their teachings to other parts of the Turkish Empire, others, and almost altogether from in Florence, Paris, Stuttgart, and these are drawn the statements below some other continental cities, in Lon- as to their beliefs. By these teachings don and in the United States. The rather than by numbers the religion religious census of the United States must be judged, altho no argument is for 1906 gave the following figures: prest more often in argument than the Organizations, 24; halls, 23; mem- rapid spread of the religion.

bers, 1,280, of whom 438 were men, Ori2in and History 842 women. The largest number is in Chicago. Illinois (including Chi- One of the ordinary titles given to cago) , reports 492 members; New Mohammed by his followers is that York 23, and Massachusetts 70. This of the Seal of the Prophets, which is represents over fifteen years' growth. interpreted by the vast majority to There is no reason to suppose that the mean that he is the last of the proph- growth has been rapid since 1906. ets, his predecessors being the great Since then at Washington a new cen- prophets Adam, Abraham, Moses and ter has been founded for the Bahai ] esus, besides thousands of lesser au- propaganda, and an association formed thority. The Shia Moslems, however, for the support of a school in Teheran, claim that altho Mohammed was the which, while not openly declared to last of the prophets, after him there Bahai, is controlled by them. In this is an order of infallible Imams, begin- school there is one American teacher, ning with his son-in-law Ali, and con- and in Teheran are one or two other tinuing in the line of Ali. The twelfth American Bahais engaged in philan- Imam is believed about the year 260 thropic work. The difference between of the Mohammedan era to have dis- Christian mission work and that of appeared, and to be still alive in some the Bahais in Persia is that the former mysterious place. His return is looked is openly Christian, while the latter is for constantly. An instance 'of this professedly Mohammedan. A man expectation is f01:ll1d in the new Per- in becoming a Bahai is urged not to sian constitution, in which it is speci- break publicly with the past, while on fied that a certain provision is valid the contrary, no one can become a perpetually till the appearance of the Christian and remain a Mohammedan. Hidden Imam. The honor given to This difference was iIlustrated in a these Imams approaches in many cases mission school when the Bahai pupils deification, and the popular religion of presented a complaint to the Govern- Persia is largely connected with them.

ment on the ground that they as good Besides expecting his appearance~

19II ] BAHAISM AND ITS

there is also the attempt to maintain The claim of the Bah had caused a a connection with the Hidden Imam; bitter schism among the Shaikhis, and and there has been in some sects a be- a few years after the Bah's death a lief in certain intermediaries between division occurred among his followers. him and his followers. This inter- The leaders were in exile at Bagdad, mediary was called the Bah, an Arabic whence they were removed by the word meaning gate. Turkish Government to Constantinople and Adrianople. Before leaving Bag- One of the sects that hold the Im- dad in 1866, Husain Ali claimed to be ams in special honor is the Shaikhi the prophet promised by the Bah. He sect. Seventy or eighty years ago they assumed the title of Baha Ullah. From were very active, and stories are still Adrianople the Turkish Government told of the disturbances caused by removed the rival leaders to Acre in their activity in many cities of Persia. Syria, and to the island of Cyprus. They are marked by austerity of Hfe, Unfortunately, but in very oriental a fondness for metaphysical discus- fashion, some of the followers of each sion, a figurative interpretation of the were sent with the other leader. Those sacred books, and a belief in the "per- who went to Acre with Baha were fect Shia," who is always existent, later murdered by some of his followand is the channel of grace from the ers, a crime for which Baha himself Hidden Imam. Their leader, Haji disclaimed responsibility. The large Sayyid Kazim Rashti, about 1840, majority of the Bahais (as they were aroused in his disciples an intense ex- called) accepted Baha, and hence are pectation of the speedy appearance of known as Bahais. He lived in Acre the Imam. He died in 1843, and the under government surveillance and next year, Sayyid Ali Mohammed, annoyance until his death in 18g2, diwho had for a time attended his lec- recting from there the vigorous propatures, claimed to be the Bah, or gate, ganda of his followers and issuing and later the promised Imam, taking books and epistles stamped with the finally the title of N ukta (or point of claim of divine authority.. His death manifestation). His history was brief was followed by another schism, two but intense, and ended in martyrdom of his sons being rivals for the headby the Government at Tabriz in 1850. ship; but the majority accepted Abbas He claimed for himself to be the in- Effendi, who has taken the title of augurator of a new dispensation, and Abdul Baha. Since the Turkish revoso not only the Imam hut also a great lution he has been free from governprophet in the line of Moses, Jesus ment surveillance, but he still lives in and Mohammed. He further predict- Acre, where recently a house has been ed the coming of "Him whom God given him by an American lady. would manifest," who should be a There seems to be no definite stateprophet of equal rank with the great- ment of the character of his authorest. His death only increased the en- ity, but it is more than mere leaderthusiasm of the followers his lofty ship. He impresses those who meet personality had drawn to himself. him with personal ability, and in his Struggles followed in several places, hands the affairs of the sect have been many died for the faith, and the lead- managed with great success. ers were exiled.

The Teachings of the masters are important, and the following sketch of their teachings When one attempts to give an ac- is drawn from them. It does not count of the teaching of Bahaism he claim to be complete, but it does claim is met at the outset with the claim that to be careful and fair. they have no dogmas. Just what is meant by this claim it is a little diffi- The teaching as to God is hard to cult to understand, for their books grasp, and perhaps it should be, for it contain much fairly definite teaching starts from the assumption that God and a very definite claim to super- is in His essence unknowable. His rational authority. The three leaders existence is assumed rather than of the religion, the Bah, Baha Ullah, proved. We are told that it "is eviand Abdul Baha, have all written nu- dent that Nature in its own essence is merous treatises and letters; and in- in the grasp of the power of God, who asmuch as the first two claim definitely is the eternal, almighty One. He holds to be supreme manifestations, and the nature within accurate regulations and latter in some sense to possess divine laws, and rules over it." This seems authority, all are to be taken into ac- to indicate personality. The following count. The writings of the Bah, how- seems decidedly pantheistic: "The ever, are superseded by those of Baha, reality of Divinity or the substance of and as a matter of fact are not used. the essence of Oneness is pure sanc- None of them is presented to the pub- tity and absolute holiness. . . . It is lic by the western Bahais, altho his invisible, incomprehensible, inacces- Beyan, both in the Arabic and the Per- sible, a pure essence which can not sian form, has been translated into be described, for the Divine Essence French by M. Nicolas. The Igan (or surrounds all things." Ighan), the Book of the Covenant, and various extracts from letters, are the In the English Bahai works God is works of Baha that are accessible in occasionally spoken of as It; but stress English and French. The Ktah ul can not be laid on this, perhaps, as in Akdas, or Most Holy Book, is re- Persian the same word serves for He ferred to as the most important wri- and It. Whatever God is, we are told ting of Baha, but it has not been trans- again and again that "the way is closed lated as yet. An abstract has been and seeking is forbidden." There is printed by Professor Browne of Cam- no direct relation between the soul bridge. A number of brief works by and God. The sum of the divine Abdul Baha and one considerable book bounty is the Holy Spirit, which is dehave been published in English and scribed as an emanation of the divine French. The latter is called "An- unity, but not in a material sense. In swered Questions," or "Les Le~ons de order to be known to men, who are in- St. Jean d'Acre." There are also sev- capable of knowing the divine essence, eral books by western Bahais giving the manifestations are the medium a general account of "the faith, numer- used by God. These are the highest ous tracts, and a life of Abdul Baha in of humanity, perfectly free -from sin, English. It will be seen that there is and are the mirrors in which the dia considerable apologetic literature. vine attributes are reflected through For our purp9Sei', however, the books the Holy Spirit. The following quo- tation expresses this doctrine: "The

AND ITS CLAIMS 73

splendors of the perfections, bounties future life are all explained in a figand attributes of God shine forth and urative way. radiate from the reality of the Perfect Man-that is to say, the Unique One, Man is in need of divine help, not the Universal Manifestation of God. in the way of redemption but of en- Other beings receive only one ray, but lightenment. The divine Manifestathe universal manifestation is the mir- tions are educators and lawgivers. ror for this Sun, which appears and Man needs education, material, intelbecomes manifest in it, with all its per- lectual and spiritual; and with such fections, attributes, signs and wonders. education the woes of life may be ex- The mowledge of the Reality of the pected to disappear. Little is said of Divinity is impossible and unattain- sin, but much of ignorance and error. able, but the knowledge of the mani- In order to furnish this enlightenment festations of God is the knowledge of God has raised up the Manifestations, God, for the bounties, splendors, and who make known the truth to men in divine attributes are apparent in all that is necessary to their welfare. them." The reality or essence is un- This work is very broad, as is shown mown, but the attributes are known in the following quotation: "He will through the mediation of the manifest- teach men to organize and carry out ations, which are perfect mirrors of physical matters, and to regulate the the divine glory. form of society with regard to the establishing of help and assistance in The relation of this unknowable life, so that material affairs may be and yet manifested God to the uni- organized and regulated for any cirverse is not that of Creator, altho God cumstances that may occur. In the is called Creator and things are called same way he will establish human educreatures. The material universe has cation . . . so that knowledge and neither beginning nor end. Matter science may increase and the reality changes in form from simple to com- of things, the mysteries of being, and plex, under the operation of universal the properties of existence be discovlaw the forms dissolving and recom- ered. . . . He must also impart spirposing. The source of this change itual education, so that intelligence and the composition of the forms is and comprehension may penetrate the not fortuitous. Man's body belongs metaphysical world, and may receive to this material universe, and is sub- benefit from the sanctifying breeze of ject to its laws. There is no resur- the Holy Spirit, and may enter into rection of the body, and the soul is an relationship with the Divine Conindependent entity. The spirit or soul course." The educators named are is said to have a beginning but no end, Abraham, Moses, Christ, Mohammed, and as its future state is said to be the Bah, and Baha. Besides these an one of growth, we may probably con- indefinite number of lesser prophets, clude that its existence is individual such as the Old Testament prophets and not merely verged in the divine and the apostles, are recognized. reality. This, however, is not entirely clear, as heaven, hell, judgment and The way of salvation is described the other conceptions pertaining to the in a book by an American Bahai under the heads of faith, which "is to devote the entire being to the Will of God,

as exprest in His commands"; knowl- precepts on a great variety of subjects. edge, which comes through the Mani- Some of these are the following: festation of God; prayer and obedi- Prayer is to be said three times each ence. Among the Hidden Words of day, facing toward Acre, and each Baha is this: "The principle of re- prayer is to contain three parts. The ligion is to acknowledge what is re- vernal equinox is to be a new-year vealed by God and to obey the laws festival, and the days of manifestation established in His Book." Repent- of the Bah and of the Baha are also ance has little place in the scheme, and festivals. The year consists of ninefrom all the Bahai literature is absent teen months of nineteen days each, any deep sense of sin or unworthiness. and five extra holidays. The last The new birth or regeneration is the month of the year is a month of fasttransformation of life and character, ing from sunrise to sunset. The use which is the result of salvation and of perfumes is commended; the manot its beginning. It is characteristic terials to be used in dress are reguof the religion that it seeks after lated, and the clothes of the dead are knowledge of God's commands and specified. The law of inheritance is not union with Him. It is not mys- laid down, teachers ranking as heirs tical, and the knowledge sought after in the seventh and last degree. These is objective and external. It is not laws are said by Professor Browne to without prayer and ritual, and among be complicated and obscure. Divorce the prayers are many beautiful aspira- is permitted for desertion for a period ti.ons, as there are in Islam and every of over nine months, and also for perother religion; but the following is sistent quarreling after a year of trial. given as the center of this faith: Wine and opium are forbidden. Each "God, singly and alone, abideth in His community is to have "a house of own place, which is holy above space justice," composed of not less than and time, mention and utterance, sign, nine members, and these houses of description and definition, height and justice are to go up in ascending dedepth." In their own phrase, "The grees till the universal house of justice way is closed, and seeking is for- is reached. The numbers nine and bidden." nineteen are of special sanctity. Po- lygamy was practised by Baha Ullah, Ethics plays a large part in the re- and is allowed to his followers under ligion, and moral exhortations make certain restrictions. Education is enup a large part of their writings. For couraged for girls as well as boys. A the most part the ethical ideals are universal language is enjoined. Christian. Love is emphasized, as are service for others, self-sacrifice in the How it Works form of devotion to God, but not in the form of giving up for others, and Does this religion bring about a national peace. In theory the teach- reformation of life and character? ings of the Manifestation of God The reports given by Bahai travelers should cover the whole range of hu- are glowing, but long residents in Perman life, and as a matter of fact the sia have no such tale to tell. The Ba- "Kitab ul Akdas," which seems to be hais are drawn from the more intelliignored by western Bahais, contains gent classes, and are more progressive

AND ITS CLAIMS

than most. Among the Persians the salvation for all-Jew, Greek and bar- desire to get rid of the intolerable barian. Christianity is based on an obstacle to social progress found in entirely different conception – the the traditional law of Islam is one of gradual growth of revelation and its the most potent influences leading to organic relation to human history unthe acceptance of Bahaism. But the til it reaches completeness. Specifical- Bahais are not noticeably more honest, ly Bahaism is irreconcilable with more truthful, more sober or more re- Christianity in its relation to Mohamliable than others. Zeal for education medanism, in the difference between is a mark of all progressive Persians, its teachings and those of Christianity, whether Bahais or not. The future and in its exclusion of whole areas of will reveal whether it has a useful role Christian teaching. to play in modern history. One can only hope that this may be the case, Bahaism is tied to Mohammedanand especially that it may enlarge the ism beyond all possibility of realease. narrow bounds of freedom, and there It recognizes this fact in the defense are reasons for this hope. Professor of Mohammed's character by Abdul Browne, however, who is both sympa- Baha. This carries with it also the thetic and well-informed, expresses defense of whatever belongs properly the doubt whether its triumph would to Islam. Much that is traditional in establish freedom, and thinks also that Islam it can reject, but PQlygamy, e.g., its influence in the emancipation of must be defended. Further, the funwoman has been exaggerated. Gen- damental conceptions of Bahaism are erally the Bahais have held aloof from Mohammedanism rather than Christhe- revolutionary movement in Persia, tian. In both religion is a way of enand by many in Persia they have been lightenment and not of redemption. regarded as partizans of the old n!- In both morals are based on the comgime. mands and not on the ideals of hu- manity. In both religion includes it Can Bahaism make good its claim law made up to a greater or less deto be the fulfilment of and substitute gree of ritual precepts, as the form of for Christianity? The answer is that prayer, time of fasting, etc. This reit can not, and some reasons may be lation is strikingly illustrated in the given for this answer. argument from prophecy. The pe- riod of 1,260 days, or three years and In the first place, the conception on a half, whenever it appears in Daniel which Bahaism bases its claim is false. or in Revelation, is made to refer to Truth does not grow old, nor is it pos- the time that elapsed between the apsible to change the religion with the pearance of Mohammed and the Bah. growth of the race. A universal re- Similarly the promised ParacIete is ligion must present truth in a form Mohammed. In other words, the acthat will reach men in every stage of ceptance of Baha includes the acceptcivilization, for the reason that in ance of Mohammed in a sense not every period of the world since the really required by the Koran, for the dawn of history there have been sim- Koran really implies Mohammed's ultaneously men in every stage of in- need of forgiveness, while Baha Ultellectual development. A universal lah postulates Mohammed's sinless- Gospel must be the power of God unto

ness. Such a fact inevitably lowers the reflected glory in the manifestamorals to the Mohammedan level. tions. The living presence of the story must be denied. In brief, not Bahaism ignores the fatherhood of one single clause of the Apostle's God. A distant unknowable being Creed can be retained in any sense can not be the heavenly Father. It that has been accepted by Christians, has no place for Christ except as one if Bahaism is received as true. of a series, one, moreover, whose brief day of authority closed when Mo- And what is given in return? There hammed began to preach in Mecca. is a plentiful use of the Christian vo- God is not love, for love is one of the cabulary, but words are of value only attributes, the essence being unknow- if ideas lie back of them. To call God able. Nor is He holy in His being, Father, and then to remove Him by only in His attributes. Sin is igno- an inaccessible gulf is worse than userance, not perversion of nature. The less. The apparent gifts of Bahaism Holy Spirit is impersonal, not a living are empty. This is the case even with power. Church and State are identi- the much-exalted name of Baha DIfied, and hence freedom of religion is lah. He is said to be the supreme and impossible. sufficient manifestation of God; but we search in vain for any real picture Bahaism rejects not merely the of His character. Eulogy and boasttheory but the fact of the Atonement. ing pretension are found in abundance, If the claim be admitted that Bahaism but no narrative, no Gospel wrought is a republication of Christianity, the in deeds of daily life. whole interpretation of the death of Christ contained in the Epistles must NOTE.-The ahove is written with reference to first be rejected. It knows nothing of western B'ahaism j and while it is mostly applicathe imminence of God as a living ble to Bahaism in Persia, the proportion of teachpresence. The only presence known ing is very different there and here. Indeed, Bais in unchanging natural law, and in haism as offered to a Jew, a Christian, and a Mo- hammedan varies greatly, One might argue that western Bahaism is only in name Bahaistic.

THE RELIGION OF THE DERSIM KURDS BY REV. HENRY H. RIGGS, HARPOOT, TURKEY In the course of a journey in eastern the old gentleman saluted me, and rec- Turkey I once came to a ferry on the ognizing me as a Christian teacher, he upper Euphrates River. The water said, "Shall we call on the Prophet was high and swift, and the prospect Jesus ?" I, of course, heartily assentwas that, in the antiquated tub that ed, and as the boat was pushed off and served as a boat we should have, to plunged down the boiling current, with say the least, an exciting passage. upturned face the old man prayed, "0 While we were arranging our horses in Lord Jesus! save us, Lord Jesus !" the boat a man, evidently of great age, rode up and was helped into it by Yet that man was not a Christian. his attendant and the boatman, who In the rough classification of religions showed him every mark of respect, al- common in Turkey he is classed as a most reverence. As he took his place Mohammedan. He was a high relig- ious dignitary, too, of a Kurdish tribe.

RELIGION OF THE DERSIM KURDS

A DEMONSTRATION OF LOYALTY BY THE DERSIM KURDS His prayer to Jesus was perfectly sin- and perhaps throw some light on their cere; but it signified no more alle- history. giance to Him than would be shared by all his tribesmen. All Moslems The Kurds are, as a rule, simple, in name acknowledge Jesus as a wild sort of folk-genial, hospitable, prophet. But these Kurds, who in- generous and frank. Never have I habit the mountainous region called enjoyed more whole-hearted, kindly "the Dersim," between the east and hospitality than in their mountain west branches of the Euphrates River, homes. Their lives are, as a rule, are far nearer to the Christian faith wholesome and clean. But they are a than the Orthodox Moslems. Because rude and fiery people. Tribal feuds they worship God in a way different are chronic among them; and a travfrom other Moslems, they are con- eler through their country, unless he temptuously called "Kuzzulbash" puts himself under their protection, is (red-heads) by the orthodox. very liable to be plundered. That region has never been fully SUbjected The term Kuzzulbash is applied to the Turkish Government, tho the generally to all the Shia sect of Mo- military campaign in the Dersim has hammedans, whose greatest strong- long been an annual affair. In their hold is in Persia. But the Dersim mountain fastnesses the Kurds have Kurds have interesting peculiarities managed to outwit and harass army that put them in a class by themselves,

after army that have been sent against people is more especially in their re- them. ligion. If you ask people of the ad- joining regions about the religion of But after the revolution of 1908 had the Dersim Kurds the answers given the country a constitutional gov- will be ·very varied, but will agree ernment, the "Young Turks" tried on a few points. They are Mo- new tactics with these unruly tribes- hammedans, but neglect tlte five daily prayers and the fast of Ramazan. A KURD COM I NG TO OFFER H OSP ITALI TY TO They reverence (or worship) the sun, TRAVELERS (LlKE FATHER ABRAllAlI and fire; they .believe in the trans- OF OLD) migration of the soul, and they prac- tise certain secret rites. In convermen. Teachers and political leaders sation with the Kurds themselves the were sent into the Dersim, and the same things are verified. They, and Kurds were made to understand that especially their religious leaders, prothey could share in the new liberty. A fess to be Moslem, but defend the Kurdish political club was organized, omission of formal prayers and fasts, and in due time they came out and as being purely superficial and arbimade a great demonstration of loyalty. trary. But I have generally .found Some thousands of them marched to them rather reticent about most of the capital of the Harpoot province their departures from Moslem faith with flags flying and flintlocks on and practise. Probably relatively few shoulders, to declare their allegiance of them have any intel11gent convicto the new government. A new day is tions as to these peculiarities. dawning for these people, as for all the races of Turkey. A few months ago, however, I had an unusually good opportunity to But our present interest in these learn about the religion of these Kurds, as I was the guest of one of their "Seyids," or religious leaders. The old gentleman- whom we will call Mustafa-had several times called on us at Harpoot, and urged me to visit his village. He once told me that if ever I passed that way and did not stop at his village, he would send out men and rob me! This he prob- ably intended as a jest, tho it might have been carried out in reality. How- ever that may be, the next time I passed that way, I made it convenient to stop at the home of Seyid Mustafa, and right royally did he entertain me and my companion. In the evening the conversation turned on religious questions, and late into the night we sat talking, perfectly freely, of our

RELIGION OF THE DERSIM KURDS

religious beliefs and habits. The con- which myoId friend was very clear. versation was one intensely interesting He asked me first where we Christians to a Christian missionary, for the old believe that God dwells. I told him man was of a deeply religious temper, our idea of the omnipresent God, but and intelligently interested in the Gos- that did not satisfy him. He said. pels, which he had recently read. He "We believe that God dwells in the said at the end, "Weare not far apart hearts of his servants. Wherever in our faith," and indeed he was "not there is a righteous man, there is far from the Kingdom." But for the God, dwelling in his heart." And it purposes of this article I can not re- was evident that this is no mere vague A MISSIONARY vrSITING A KURD AT HOME produce the conversation, but only re- pantheistic essence, but a vital, perfer to some of the Seyid's statements sonal relationship, for he spoke about his own faith and the customs of earnestly of the moral incentive of his people. such a belief.

These Kurds call themselves not The same idea of God's immanence "Muslim" (the Submitted, commonly determines their idea of prayer. For Anglicized Moslem), but "Eh1-i- them the elaborate mummeries and imaan" (the People of Faith). The genuflexions of the five daily prayers name is significant; for while the cardi- of the Moslem are a travesty on nal tenet of the orthodox Mohammedan prayer, and they will not even go is a blind submission to a God who through the form, tho persecuted for is the personification of inevitable fate, the omission. As Seyid Mustafa said, these simple Kurds have a faith that "Wherever a righteous man is, there is is for some of them at least, a vital God, in his very heart, and a man can and personal life-relationship. This pray wherever he is, and at any time." is nowhere more clearly evidenced than in their conception 'Of God, on With regard to the future life, my friend seemed to think that with the

idea he had of God, he could not but ceptance of holy books. The sacred believe in the transmigration of the books of all nations are accepted for soul. He asked of our belief, and what they are worth, tho I suppose when I told him that we believe that the Koran and the Bible are the only the soul after death is in the imme- ones to which they really have access. diate presence of God, he said, "But Evidently my friend preferred the God dwells in the hearts of his serv- Gospels to all others, and he asked inants. So when a man dies, his soul telligent questions about their deeper must continue to live, in some other religious meaning. He told me that body." He seemed to feel that it was they-the Kurds-have a holy book inconceivable that a soul could exist of their own. He said it was a book and have relations with God, except of history, genealogy and pious exas it had a bodily life. And the belief hortation. It was begun by "the and teaching of these people is that Prophet Seth, son of the Prophet when a man dies his soul at once be- Adam," and has been added to by gins life again in a new-born babe, many prophets since. The genealowhose character is a continuation of gies of the families of the Seyids are his. This is true of the good and the registered in this book. He assured bad alike, and God continues to live me that there are copies of this book in the hearts of those who fear Him. in every village, but could not produce one for me to see. The Turks call This idea of the indwelling God them "Kitabsiz" (bookless), which is makes the Kurds most catholic in a term of opprobrium similar to "Untheir acceptance of prophets and re- believer." It is not quite clear what ligious teachers. The Seyid told me the fact is, but it seems likely that that there have been eighty thousand whatever books they have are collecprophets in the world. The old Tes- tions from various sources, varying tament worthies, Christ and his apos~ according to the taste or resources of tIes, Mohammed and his successors, the scribes who get them up. All and many Christian and Mohammedan the quotations that I have heard from saints and martyrs—-"all are equally their books are material that might messengers from God. From each we easily be attributed to the Bible or the can get some advice as to how we Koran. can be acceptable to God." He did not consider Mdhammed as preemi- Fire-worship is an inherited custom nent among the prophets. Hassan and with these people, and Seyid Mustafa Hussein, who were martyrs to a more did not seem to have any very clear vital faith and were slain as heretics conviction on the subject. He said not long after the time of Mohammed, that the sun is the source of all life, are in a sense the special prophets of and hence they make obeisance to the the Kuzzulbash, but apparently only rising sun each morning. Fire is as the founders of their succession at God's greatest gift, he said, and the religious teachers. A man who wishes Kurd regards the fire on his hearth to be a Seyid should receive his con- as sacred. Certainly he did not have secration at the grave of these two any clear idea of a divinity in fire; martyrs, tho this is not always done. it rather seemed that their reverence for the sun and fire is of the nature They are likewise liberal in the ac-

RELIGION OF THE DERSIM KURDS

of gratitude for God's greatest gifts, aged Seyid showed his disdain of such and a jealous guarding of what, libels, and told me, in a convincingly in the bitter winters of that bleak straightforward way, what is customhighland is verily the life of the home arily done in those g·atherings. Every -the fire on the hearth. In traveling Friday night the Ehl-i-imaan, men, through the Derism once in time of women and children, gather in their wibal war I was surprized to see house of worship. There they "read, stacks of firewood unguarded in the cry aloud to God, and exhort one anmountains. My guide, himself a Kurd, other to live lives of honesty, purity, told me that the wood was perfectly and kindness." After this they eat A FERRyBOAT OF THE UPPE R. EUPHRATES safe. No Kurd would ever steal or together the "Hakk Lokmasi" (morsel destroy fuel. In time of war he would of righteousness). This, he told me, kill his enemy without compunction, is a simple morsel of bread, and they and burn down his house. But his eat it together as a mutual pledge, in stack of firewood he will never touch. the presence of God, to live aright It is sacred. "If I should set fire to during the week. Not all those presmy enemy's wood," he said, "my own ent eat this morsel, but only those house would surely burn down within who are serious-minded, and are conthe year, as a punishment." fident that they will keep the pledge.

As with the early Christians, the An interesting side-light on the fact that the Kurds hold their religious spirit of these gatherings was giveIl rites in secret, at night, and with both by the answer I received to some of sexes present, has given rise to scan- my questions. I asked the Seyid dalous rumors and suspicions among whether at their meetings he took the the licentious people about them. The leadership and exhorted .the others.

He rather mumbled his reply, that of honesty to which they hold strictly. there were others better than he in In their thought, plunder taken on the those gatherings. I was puzzled, highway stands in much the same wondering if there was some jealousy category that the profits of trade do in the matter. But one of the young with us. But the Kurd is scrupulously men present explained that tho he was careful not to rob or deceive one who Seyid, and the greatest of them all, has in any way committed himself to he always sat down near the door him as a guest. And their treatment (the seat of least honor) and sel- of neighbors and friends is held to a dom spoke. The old man responded high standard of integrity. My host that he really was not worthy; it said to me, in illustration of this: "If seemed to be a very genuine spirit you should drop a gold piece in my of humility with him-a thing utterly house, and I should find it after you unknown among Moslems generally. are gone, I could not use that money. I must follow you and restore you No one not of their faith is admitted your own. Or if I can not find you, to these gatherings, and the attendance I must give it to the poor. -Vere I of the believers is not compulsory. It to use that money myself, it would happened that the night I was there become a curse to me." was Friday night, and I asked the Seyid to let me attend, assuring him The relation between the sexes. ann that I would do so in a spirit of real the position of women is on a plane sympathy. But he said it was not that contrasts sharply with the ideals allowed. Then I urged him not to of the real Moslem, and is even higher allow my presence to prevent his at- than among the Christian races, who tending, but he said that was all right. have fallen more or less under the Evidently he considered the entertain- influence of Mohammedan customs. ment of his guest a higher duty than These Kurdish women are not veileo, attendance at the weekly service. nor secluded. They share equally with the men the responsibilities and priv- In too many cases among Moslems ileges of the home, and join with the religion is a thing entirely apart from men in their religious life. In their life. In fact, there is a common say- social intercourse the most perfect ing to the effect that a man who has freedom and mutual respect is shown. performed all his religious duties is a Old Seyid Mustafa probably voiced dangerous man to have around, as he the better sentiment of all of his peohas credit enough on God's books to ple when he spoke with vehement dispermit him to commit terrible sins. dain of the low morality of the Turks. But with the Kurds, whose religion He said, "Every woman is my sister; is not formal, this does not seem to be why should I not talk with her and the case. Their Seyids lay great em- work with her? But to think of her phasis in their exhortations on the or look at her with lustful thoughts oneness of religion and life. The vir- is a terrible sin!" To those familiar tues they most urge are honesty, with Mohammedan morality these are purity, and kindness. Their idea of strange words from one known as honesty is not exactly Western, as any a Mohammedan. traveler who has been robbed by them will testify. Yet they have a standard Generosity and hospitality are the

RELIGION OF THE DERSIM KURDS

greatest virtues of the Kurd. All who heart, made him welcome and bade know these people and have traveled him eat of the feast. After him came among them testify to this; and gen- a beggar who likewise was fed. erally travelers from abroad seek out Moses waited long and hopefully for a Kurdish home in preference to any God to honor the feast; and while he other because of the real hospitality waited, travelers, and the poor and to be enjoyed there. The following hungry came, and all were welcomed story, told me by my friend the Seyid, and fed. For several days he waited, shows what he considers service to till all that great feast was eaten, and DERSIM KURDS COMING TO TnE MISSION AT BARPOOT God, and indeed throws a pleasant yet God had not appeared. Then light on the significance of Kurdish Moses prayed again to God, and began hospitality. to ask God to forgive him for giving to others what had been prepared for "The Prophet Moses once prayed God. But God answered that that was to God that he might have the priv- most pleasing to Him, and that in feedilege of making a great feast in His ing those in need Moses had truly ofhonor. God consented and promised fered the feast to God." to be present; so Moses killed a hundred sheep and a hundred oxen and The more one learns of this strange prepared a great feast. While Moses and attractive religion, the more the waited for his divine Guest to come, question is forced upon him, What is a traveler stopt at his door, and the the source of this religion, and what host, tho with some misgivings at the history of these simple, i~norant

people, who possess so much that their women do their washing on Thursday, wiser neighbors have not? The an- preparatory to Friday, which is their swer seems fairly obvious, especially sacred day, the women of the KuzzuIin view of a large number of isolated bash villages do their washing on Satfacts, some of which should be men- urday, as they no doubt did in the tioned. Throughout the Dersim re- days when Sunday was their holy day. gion there are many ruined churches As these poor villagers keep only one and monasteries, and the Kurds hold suit of clothing, which they remove these places in reverence as holy for washing, there is no point to their places. The cemeteries in the Dersim custom of washing after their holy are a scandal to the Turks, for they day, and when asked for a reason they are profusely ornamented with crude can only answer, "That has always carvings of things pertaining to the been the custom in our village." life of the departed, weapons, horses, etc. But the striking thing in these All these facts seem to point to one cemeteries is the frequent occurrence rather obvious conclusion. And it is of the figure of a sheep, dominating not surprizing to find that there are all other carvings on the grave. The traditions among these Kurds them- Turks speak of these figures as idols, selves to the effect that their ancestors but I have never heard from a Kurd were Christian centuries ago. And any explanation of their significance. with the material before us it is not difficult to construct a hypothesis: In regions adjacent to the Dersim When the Ottoman Turks invaded the there are Christian communities, be- country, they found these mountain longing to the Armenian Church, who tribes Christians, converts to the Aryet speak no Armenian, nor have they menian Church, tho with a language any resemblance to Armenians. In and a nationality all their own. The language, customs, physiognomy and ruthless invaders tried to convert these characteristics they are identical with people to Islam, and the ruined the Kurds, differing from them only churches suggest something of the in religion. Moreover, among the violence of their missionary efforts. Kuzzulhash Kurds Armenian names But they did not find the Kurds a are occasionally found-names of vil- tractable race. Some did accept the lages, of families, and of individuals. new faith and wholly lose their Chris- I once asked a Kurd on the road tianity. These are the orthodox Moswhere he lived. He replied that he lem Kurds. Some, on the other hand, lived at Khozakhpiur. That name is held faithfully to their Christian faith, Armenian, and means pig-fountain. I and a remnant still live, the Christian was astonished that the Kurds should Kurds. But the Kurds of the Dersim, tolerate a name so abhorrent to Mo- and some other tribes, while accepthammedan ideas as "pig." But I soon ing Mohammedanism in name, and found that the man had no idea what losing their Christian religion, yet the name meant, as the village is a were only partly transformed, and purely Kurdish village, and no Arme- have gradually developed a religion nian is known there. In traveling which keeps, under the name of Islam, through that region I have noticed much of the spirit and some of the that while in true Moslem villages the forms of Christianity.

RELIGION OF THE DERSIM KURDS

Thus their worship in secret is a American missionaries in Harpoot, habit formed in the time of persecu- and said that his tribe were ready to tion. The "Hakk Lokmasi" is per- become Christians in a body if the haps nearer kin to the primitive Lord's Supper than the elaborate ceremonies of modern Christian rituals. Their moral and religious ideals are those that belonged to their Christian days, transmitted from generation to gene- ration in their weekly prayer-meetings.

The images of lambs on their graves, the Christian names they bear, their reverence for their ancient places of worship-all are reminders of their .

early Christian allegiance. Even the nonchristian elements in their religion show their kinship to their Christian neighbors. For the Armenians across .the river observe several rites and fes- tivals that are evidently survivals of fire-worship. And exactly the same idea of the transmigration of the soul held by the Kurds is held as a semi- belief by the Armenians. When a child is born, the parents are some- times congratulated with the words, "Your father (or mother) has risen from the dead."

The religion of the Dersim Kurds is well worth studying. If the hypothe- sis just put forth should prove true, much could be learned of an inter- esting part of the history of the Chris- A KURDISH CHR[STIAN tian Church. But the facts have a far more important significance. They missionaries could free them from show how near to Christianity these persecution.

tribes are, and therefore how they, of That proposition was probably not all Mohammedan sects, are peculiarly a very intelligent or sincere one.

susceptible to the influence of the Gos- Doubtless the likelihood of persecution pel. They have grown up to hate the would still be a serious hindrance to Turks as their oppressors and natural missionary work among them; but it enemies. Many of them believe that need not be an insurmountable ob- Christianity is the faith of their fa':' stacle, if the effort be tactfully made.

thers, and 'have no feeling or hostility Here is a field, practically untouched, to it. Some years ago the chief Seyid of wonderful hopefulness waiting for of one of these tribes came to the a pioneer missionary.

OF THE NILE MISSION PRESS "KHUTBAS"

BY ARTHUR T. t;PSON, CAIRO, EGYPT As John Wesley said, "The world brother of the Khedive o£ Egypt has is my parish," we would say that the accepted the presidency of this insti- Moslem world is the parish of the Nile tution. We commend this new scheme Mission Press. This institution was to the attention of the Lucknow Confounded in March, 1905, when the ference Continuation Committee. (3) necessary plant and machinery arrived An opposition party has inaugurated in Cairo. Work began in April. a scheme for giving a few selected Looking back over the past six and Sheik students of EI-Azhar a course a half years, we can see that good of study in Europe before sending work has been done in the Nile Val- them out as heralds of Islam. Our ley, where we have worked with and present purpose concerns only the first for the American United Presbyterian of these. Mission, the Church Missionary Society, and others, yet this has not How the Khutba. Originated been the extent of our parish. One might have thought so, possibly The Society for the Promotion of even planned so, had not recent Mosque Preaching was formed about events occurred to show that God had a year ago. Some of the most inplanned something quite different, and fluential men at EI-Azhar are more or we are now "coming to our own" in less connected with it. A prize of 13 a very real sense. To understand the is offered about once a month or so position, we must refer to what is for the best Mosque sermon, which going on among leaders of thought in is called a "Khutba." Readers may Islam itself. not perhaps know that the Khutba has been more or less neglected in Awakening 1.lam Moslem lands. The Friday prayers have always been fairly well attended, There are three distinct movements, but in Egypt, at any rate, there has each one of which has been inaugu- been comparatively little attention paid rated by some leader desirous of kill- to the preaching, so much so that ating two birds with one stone, i.e., to tention has now been drawn to the bring about a kind of "Reformed fact that most preachers are in them- Islam" from the social and political selves too lazy to give a decent Khutpoint of view, and at the same time ba at all. This society influences peoto combat the Christian position, ple in all parts to take more interest which he would be the first to ac- in the Khutba. A magazine, called knowledge has become of late much The Review of the Abbas Homes, was stronger than before, that being due adopted and subsidized. From last to the labors of missionaries. Of these summer it began to publish a monthly ( I) the Mosque Preaching Society is supplement containing one or two of referred to below. (2) The Society the Khutbas which had obtained prizes of Invitation and Instruction has and which could therefore now be founded a college for training promis- utilized for preaching in the Mosques. ing candidates to become active pro- The thought was then given to me, if pagandist missionaries of Islam to so much attention is to be paid to the Christian and other lands. The Mosque preaching by the Moslems in order to combat us, why can not we noted here that the Khutba was never get out Christian Khutba-sermons. I intended to be either, on the one hand, spoke to one or two missionaries at a full dogmatic statement of Christian Fairhaven, and they encouraged me. theology nor, on the other, anything On returning to work we made a start. approaching an attack upon the Mos- The following is the plan. lems and their "prophet." The ma- jority of men in Moslem lands stolidly The Style of the Khutbas disdain the former and fanatically re- First, a suitable text is found in the IAht ~ Koran itself. This is worked up into the form of a short address. We be- 4i; (ot .)fJJ' JT) ~j; a;_I)) J!~X ~1Jl; 11' gin in the orthodox style, Bishmillah (in the name of God). The subject .~~j~J~..h~~);J.."lj~~~il~ 0'1 begins with a H amdullah (Praise be 1:.;1 ~_ ~k~9~J;';:;;')i..WI~1~'f)~_~.~ ~i to God). The style of the Arabic ;;.. _j"[l.: u~ 'p..-;>J .I~ ::..~ ~k~l''i_ j::,J used is very Koranic and we occasionally quote a sound tradition or ''",I.;0.'", _4.1 ~..ji :_.i_ Ji.ii -('s-:C.}.. s::.ti "–', ~_;..s~ J . other Koranic passage, then we seek to get the reader to turn to the Holy )L…:.~I ,.:< c~~,: df J-~i j:".:,…l-u':-I-I J~ Scriptures, giving him suitable refer- • ,T- !. ences and perhaps selected passages. …. r·,. j"'.,. This, however, differs very much from a tract. A missionary in Tunis, wri- ~~Ji~~_)i;:.S"..:Wi~~;::,i.:.J.~~[jiJ ting last week, said a Khutba will ~,~~i ~)i'~~S'".~J-':;" ~ f1~ js:::! .:,s"·Wj take with a Moslem in Tunis where J:t"J 4,~;';;·~~~i~~-, '~I':'~if an ordinary tract never would, thus reaching those who are much, too ~~~;'. :,J'1~1~ .~tjiC).fJ~I~ bigoted to come near Christian schools, through what one might call ~J :~')!::r._:JI~IJ~f ~i .)~i' if ~~ the Christianizing of the Koranic phraseology. We occasionally use a .~ I:, ~-• .' -I:"" ~ ':(-"JJr..-I:, ~ ',;; ~:w":~i'J ~f ::..~.(f G.''J:'-:"'' certain amount of Seja, which is • .J t • rimed prose. After we had selected 4,]'0"; the subjects and worked out the line of thought in the case of the first A PAGE OF A CHRISTIAN XHUTBA ten, we sent them on, one by one, to a native Christian writer who is noted sist the latter. Are we not right in for his zeal and love in evangelizing seeking to "gently lead them by the the Moslems. When each one was hand?") ready it was sent around to the members of our publishing committee. Remarkable CircuJation After receiving their valuable comments and criticisms, the thing would We had about four of these ready be revised and possibly rewritten. by the month of October, but they Then it would be sent to press and were not published until November again carefully read. (It should be 1st. By the end of that month we had disposed of 10,000 Khutbas. The point here is that, being a tract dis- tinctly for Moslems, it would not per- haps meet with such universal accept- ance among Christians who buy most mission literature. Of course, it was then a new thing, but the next month we disposed of about 5,000, then 4,000, and so on. From month to month we

have gone on bringing out fresh ones, Converted Mosque Preacher and testimonies to their usefulness have come in from all parts of the We had reached as far as this in Moslem world. Dr. Zwemer wrote our movement, and we were praying from Arabia that their workers were for guidance as to the future. The trying to distribute them to Moslem Egyptian Effendi, who had been wriworshipers as they came out of the ting up the rough notes, seemed to mosques, after listening to their own have exhausted himself more or less, Khutba. An experienced worker in and it also seemed desirable for us to Palestine considered them quite unob- attain a still more Moslem phrasejectionable and safe for any part of ology. At the same time, we were the Turkish Empire, and they have having letters from lands as far away been circulated in Arabic from Mo- as China, asking that such things rocco to the Persian Gulf. should be in voweled A rabie, seeing that those who read them were com- Lucknow, and After paratively recent converts to Islam and had but a scanty knowledge of Arabic. Our specimens of Khutbas attracted Just at that moment we heard of a attention at the Lucknow Conference converted sheik who had been sent to in January last, and before long we Egypt, and, while arranging with him for literary assistance, we received received letters from the Rev. J. A. notice of a small gift toward voweling the first two Khutbas; this man being Wood, secretary of the Punjab Re- then on the premises, we were able ligious Book Society, and Miss Bren- to set him to work immediately. ton-Carey of the C. E. Z. M. S., Having once been a Mosque preacher Karachi, asking for them to be trans- in a small v511age, to think out a lated to Urdu and Sindhi respectively. Khutba in suitable language, and thus The Rev. W. E. Taylor, who is a relieve us of the trouble of writing recognized authority on Swahili, is the rough notes, is to him an interestmost kindly translating them into that ing occupation. He has a clear grasp language, tho we have (as yet) no of the Christian faith, and is evidently funds to get them lithographed. "born again" by faith in the Lord Jesus. He has, within the last week About this time my copy of the or two, voweled two or three of the Abbas Home Review, containing the Khutbas and we have now a quantity Moslem Khutbas, was a month late in ready to send out to various lands.* issue, and, when I inquired the reason, I was politely informed that they * The address for negotiations upon the subwere purchasing new fonts of Arabic ject is the Nile Mission Press, Boulac, Cairo. As type, as it had been decreed that all Secretary of the Literature Committee of the the Khutbas must, in future, be Lucknow Conference, I would take this opporvoweled, so that even the simple tunity of requesting the cordial cooperation of "fellah," who had 'only been to a workers in all Moslem lands in the production of "kuttab" (village mosque school) , still more suitable literature for Moslems. Any could benefit by them and thus receive suggestions or other communications would be more instruction in Islam. gratefully receivcd.-A. T. U.

A NEW WEAPON FOR THE OLD CONTROVERSY*

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., BAHREIN, ARABIA Author 01 "Arabia: The Cradle of Islam."

Islam is the only anti-Christian re- and vocabularies had been provided ligion, in the sense that it is the only for these languages. Pfander was also one of the great non-Christian faiths, a student of Mohammedan thought, which categorically denies the funda- and made a special study of the Koran mental truths of the Christian revela- and Moslem tradition. In 1829 he detion. It is evident, therefore, that con- cided to go to Bagdad to study Arabic. troversy has a place, and an important In r83I he went to Ispahan. In every one, in reaching Moslems. We must place where he labored he left a pernot only give them a reason for the manent impression upon the people, hope that is in us, but answer the ob- especially by the books which he wrote jections which they have raised against in defense of the Christian faith, but Christian truth. The whole history of also by his public preaching. He knew missions to Moslems, from the days of the danger of declaiming such truth Raymund Lull, proves the value of the publicly, but preached boldly, putting right sort of literature on this subject, his trust in Christ. In the town of and altho there is no use in arousing Kermanshah the enraged mollahs held the picket guard by firing blank cart- a council at night, announced that his ridges before the attack, yet contro- books would be destroyed, and that he versy has its place. Prayerful contact must be killed; but his life was saved with the Moslem mind will teach the by the prince of the town. In I835 missionary how to use this keen weap- he was expelled by the Russian Govon to the best advantage. Among all ernment from doing mission work in the books on the subject, there is none that country. Shortly after he remore celebrated than that which has ceived an appointment under the just appeared in a new edition, "The Church Missionary Society, and began Balance of Truth," by Dr. Pfander. to labor in India. After the Mutiny, Carl Gottlieb Pfander was born in in 1858, he was sent to Constantinople, where he carried on a similar work 1803, and died in r865. He was edu- with Doctor Koelle. cated at Basel, and began mission work when only twenty-two years old Among the many books written by at Shusa, near the Caspian Sea. Hav- Doctor Pfander, none is more famous ing a special gift for languages, he than the "Mizanu'l Haqq." Originalbegan in that year to study at once ly written in German (the manuscript Turkish, Armenian and Persian, and copy of which still exists in the Basel this before the time when grammars Museum), Pfander then translated it into Persian, and it was published at • "The Mizanu'l Haqq" (Balance of Truth). By Shusa in 1835, while the Urdu transthe late Rev. Carl Gottlieb Plander, D.D. Thor- lation was lithographed at Mirzapore oughly revised and enlarged by the Rev. W. St. in 1843. Translations of this work Clair Tisdall, M.A., D.D. London, 1910. Relig- soon appeared in Arabic, Turkish and ious Tract Society. other languages. An English trans- lation was made by Rev. R. H. Weak- "The Mizan ul Haqq; or, Balance of Truth." By ley in 1867. Rev. Carl Gottlieb Plander. Translated into English by Rev. R. H. Weakley. London, 1867. Everywhere the book was recog- "D. Karl Gottlieb Plander." By Christoph Friedrich Eppler. Basel, 1888.

"The :Mohammedan Controversy and Other Ar- ticles." By Sir William Muir. Edinburgh, 1897.

nized as masterly in its argument. as in some respects the argument was The testimony of a British officer, wri- not up to date, and was vulnerable in ting from Kabul, is interesting: a few places because of its fanciful character. See, for example, the criti- "Next to the New Testament itself, cisms in Sir William Muir's "The Moit is the book most likely to be of use hammedan Controversy," pages 20-27. among Mohammedans. The contrast In order to bring the work up to date, between Christianity and the religion especially in such matters as referof Islam is made so strong and in such ences to the MSS. of the Bible, to cormoderate language that it seemed to rect errors and ambiguity of language, create an anxiety for future inquiry and to remove all apparent ground for and investigation. Moslem attacks made upon the book, a committee of the Church Missionary "The Jews, too, of Kabul, were gen- Society, on recommendation of miserally anxious to obtain copies and as sionaries of experience, arranged for I considered the prohibition did not a thoroughly revised and enlarged ediextend to them with such force, I on tion. This has just appeared from the one occasion lent a copy of the work press of the Religious Tract Society. to the head of their tribe, but had considerable difficulty in recovering it, The work could not have been put which I soon became anxious to do into better hands. Doctor DisdaIl, on finding the deep interest it excited. who has himself mastered the problem To use their own expression, the of Mohammedan controversy, and is 'Mizan-ul-Haqq' put words into their the author of a number of books on mouths, and enabled them to speak to the subject, has preserved through- Mohammedans, which before they had out an oriental tinge of style and arnot been able to do. In my humble gument, has carefully cautioned future opinion, the work is so valuable that translators of an English edition on a it should be translated into Urdu, number of important points, and from Arabic, and every language in use with his wealth of scholarship has made Mohammedans."* the Introduction a literary gem, sure to win the heart of the Moslem reader And Sir William Muir himself, by abundant quotation from their writing in r845 in the Calcutta Re- own poets and philosophers. view, said: "We understand that Pfander's works are nearly out of The book itself in its revised form, print, and we strongly recommend that is divided into three parts of almost five, or, if possible, ten thousand equal length, the first of which concopies of the 'Mizanu'l Haqq" be siders the assertion of Moslems that struck off in Urdu, with a reasonable the Old and New Testaments now proportion in Persian." current among Christians are both cor- rupted and abrogated. In the second In its philosophical tone, vigor of part the main doctrines of the Chrisargument and comprehensive char- tian faith are stated and tested, and acter, this earliest and greatest of con- in the third part the question is raised troversial works in defense of Chris- whether the Koran is the Word of tianity stilI holds a high position,. but God and Mohammed His messenger. there were urgent reasons for revision, The revision of the text has been most 'Quoted by Sir William Muir in "The Moham· medan Controversy," page 32.

A NEW WEAPON FOR THE OLD CONTROVERSY

FACSIMILE OF THE FIRST PAGE OF THE ORIGINAL GERMAN MANUSCRIPT 01' 'l"ANDER"S I"UIZAN·UL-HAK"; OR, "BALANCE OF 'I'RUTH"

Original in the Basel Museum From "Islam," by S. M. Zwemer. Published by the Student Volunteer Movement.

carefully done, and the foot-notes and that the Bible contains no prophecy references are specially helpful. An concerning Mohammed, as Moslems analysis of the third part of the book assert, and goes on to prove that neiwill make clear the character of the ther in language nor in style can the argument and its inevitable conclusion Koran be deemed miraculous. An exto every candid reader. Pfander first amination of the contents of the Kogives the reasons why we should in- ran follows, and this also proves its quire into the claim of Islam to be human character. The alleged miracles God's final revelation. He then shows of Mohammed in support of his claim

to be a prophet of God are shown to "We bring you the good news of be unsupported by historical proofs. His love, which led Him to lay down The author goes on to demonstrate His life for you, who as yet do not that Mohammed's character, as de- believe in Him, as truly as for those scribed in the Koran and tradition, are who have already become His disci- incompatible with his claim to the ples. He now offers you freely the high prophetic office, and finally that gift of salvation, the assuran,ce of the spread of Islam after Mohammed's God's forgiveness and grace to serve death was due to the force of the Him in newness of life, and finally a sword, the prospect of plunder, and place in the many mansions in God's even lower motives. All these argu- immediate presence in the heavenly ments are presented without hatred or places, into which nothing that defiles vituperation, and lead up to a con- can enter."

cluding chapter which is both heart- , We trust that this revised edition searching and beautiful, e.g.: will soon be translated and published "At Medinah, between the tombs in in equally attractive form as the Eng- which lie the bodies of Muhammad lish edition in all the languages of the and Abu Bakr, there may be seen an Moslem world. Now that there is empty grave, which Moslems call 'the greater liberty of the press in Turkey, grave of our Lord Jesus, the Son of Persia and North Africa, the book has Mary.' 1t has never been occupied. a larger opportunity than it ever had Its emptiness reminds the pilgrim that before. The Moslems fear it with Christ is alive, while Mohammed is reason; its arguments, altho often as- dead. Which of the two is the better sailed in works like "Azhar-ul-Hak"

able to help you ? You have been and "Kitab-ul-Istifsar," have never taught to pray to God on behalf of been fairly met. The Mujtahid of Mohammed, so that you doubtless be- Lucknow, the leader of the Shiah lieve that he needs your prayers in- sect for all India, in acknowledging stead of being able to aid you. You the receipt of Pfander's four books, believe that Christ will come again, con fest that "the style of these de- and are now expecting his return with lightful treatises differs so completely fear. We Christians, too, await His from that hitherto adopted by Chris- Second Advent with hope and joy, tian writers, that he strongly suspect- knowing that His own promise and ed some accomplished Persian of hav- that of His angels will be fulfilled. ing, from worldly motives, assisted in . . . To Him has been given the their composition, for no such charms Narne which is above every name; that or merit had heretofore appeared in in the name of Jesus every knee should any writing of the Padres." This bow, of things in heaven and things testimony ought to suffice to recom- on earth and things under the earth, .mend the book to all missionary work- and that every tongue should confess ers, and we pray that God may add that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory His blessing to this new endeavor to of God the Father. Some day you use the old arguments of Pfander in must kneel before Him; why not winning our Moslem brethren to ac- now? knowledge the Christ.

AND RELIGION FORWARD

BY COLONEL E. W. HALFORD Vice-President of the Laymen's Missionary ]Iovement The Church is not satisfying itself. deed many of the nostrums live long Bishop Anderson said, not long ago, enough to have it said of them that that "The worst thing the critics of they really were. Society can not be the Christian religion say about it is adequately helped by any external "rethat its friends have not made it every- form" or by the application of any where dominant in life after nineteen temporary fad. Perennials require to centuries. And what is worse, the be rooted and grounded. Annuals criticism is just. The indifference of have to be taken up and carefully profest believers in Christ is the mill- guarded, being started in the spring stone about the neck of the Christian by hothouse methods into fitful blos- Church." The editor of The Church- som. The trouble with the world is man says, "Speaking generally, organ- constitutional, requiring constitutional ized Christianity is not keeping pace remedy and treatment. In such times with the growing faith of mankind in as this there is a universal turning to Christ." A leading paper of one of the Church and to the religion of the prominent communions said re- Jesus Christ as the efficient and sufficently: "On every side we hear the cient agency and foundation for whatlament that the Church is without ever is needful for the betterment of power, and men feel that if their human life and society. However imforces could be utilized to their full perfectly it may have interpreted, or the world would receive a mighty up- is now interpreting, the life and teachlift." ings of Jesus, it still remains that the Church is His visible, organized repre- Such criticism from within is a sentative, through the spirit of which hopeful sign. It is indicative of the whatever is to be done for moral updepth and the strength of the awaken- lift must be done if it have hope of ing everywhere manifest. The world permanence. Those in charge of public is in ferment in all phases of its life- social, political and economic; and it affairs, and who are compelled to radis more certainly true that the world is ical study, instinctively look to the in the midst of a profound religious Church and its agencies to aid them in revival, for which a recognition of the solutions of the problems vexing conditions is a first essential. Unless the State, all of which grow out of unthis latter were so there could be regenerate human nature. John Stuart nothing of the other uprisings so Mill told the truth, that wise men recbroadly manifest. Professor Lindsay, ognize, when he said, "The political marking the pulsations of historic and economic struggles of society are movements similar in essence to the in their last analysis religious strug- ones now going on, says, "History gles, their sole solution the teachings contains no record of a great social of Jesus Christ as set forth in the upheaval that did not spring from a Gospels." new religious impulse." This gives the note of universal in- It is the merest quackery to talk of terest to those "movements" now in any "new religion" or "ism." These progress, springing out of Church inhave their day and cease to be, if in- fluences, and having for their central

object and purpose the increased has had careful and comprehensive power and influence of the religion of thought and planning. There is a Jesus Christ in the lives of men and central organizing committee of ninety- in the affairs of society. seven men, composed largely of those with long experience in and connec- The latest, and a fitting culmination tion with other movements characterof these uprisings of men, is the Men izing the present era. It is substantialand Religion Forward Movement, ly a lay enterprise, tho with full recogcharacterized by those most respons- nition of Church organization, and in ible for it as "a back to the Church complete and harmonious relation appeal." It is recognized and an- with all phases of church ministry. nounced that the movement will rise The clergy are in hearty accord, not or fall, live or die, exactly in the pro- only sympathetically but actively. portion that the forces of each church The chairman of the committee is avail themselves of this unusual em- Mr. James G. Cannon, president of phasis put upon the Church and upon the New York Clearing House Assoreligion. ciation, and chairman of the religious The remarkable success attending these uprisings, of which the Layman's Missionary Movement is a conspicu- work department of the Young Men's ous example, demonstrated the fact Christian Association. Mr. Fred B.

that a large percentage of the men of Smith, the well-known head of the the Church are ready and eager for evangelistic. work of the Young Men's an advance in their Christian life and Christian Association, is campaign man- activity. It was a necessity that some ager, with Fayette L. Thompson~ gener- such movement should be projected as al secretary of the Methodist Brother- the Men and Religion Forward Move- hood, as his associate. The movement ment, a movement that will largely oc- embraces or is affiliated with all the cupy the attention of the country dur- existing men's organizations and ing the ensuing months. Whatever movements in the Church-the various has gone before has not been in any brotherhoods, the Gideons, the Young sense a handicap to this latest project. Men's Christian Association, the In- Such a plan as it contemplates would ternational Sunday-school Association, have been impossible without its fore- etc. Such a coordination and correla- runners and compeers. It is an evolu- tion of Christian forces never has been tion, and will naturally fit into exist- attempted before, and the possibilities ing conditions, and be met and wd- of their united systematic effort are comed by a certain preparedness for not to be lightly estimated by human its scope and purposes because of judgment, when the unifying, ener- what has gone before. gizing power impelling the whole No movement is fully born. It must work is the Holy Spirit. The move- be a growth if it has life at its center. ment has the advantage of thoroughly So the Men and Religion Movement trained business brains, the largest ex- has been growing in conception and perience in work for men, and the program, and will continue to grow as compelling force of recognized conse- experience may teach. It was launched cration to the religious, social, civic, under most favorable auspices, and and economic welfare. It is in the

AND RELIGION FORWARD MOVEMENT

hands of veterans who have been tried will be four influential cities of North and proved. America in the throes of a simultane- In brief, the plans of the movement ous fervent religious impulse. The comprize the period of several months program provides for all manner of of preparatory work which has al- meetings-evangelistic, for boys, for ready passed, during which careful social service, in shops and industrial study has been made by competent establishments, platform meetings in committees of the various problems various quarters of each city, confer- involved, and data collected and classi- ences, etc. The Laymen's Missionary fied upon which the work of the en- Movement will present the work of suing months will be predicated. Prec- foreign missions, and the Home Mis- edent to the opening or Rally Sun- sions Council of the several Home day, on September 24, 191 I, inter- Missionary societies have the respon- denominational dinners will be held on sibility of presenting their work for Thursday night, September 21. These North America. The Laymen's Ex- are the signals for the "go-off" in a ecutive Committee have a special sec- public campaign lasting until May I, retary engaged, charged with seeing 1912. The program provides for the that upon every platform of the Men visitation of ninety principal cities as and Religion Campaign the message centers. Committees of one hundred and methods of the Laymen's Move- are organized in these main cities, and ment is represented. An adequate dis- through sub-committees every phase cussion of all phases of missionary of work is cared for. The message enterprise is assured.

and methods of the movement wilI be A broad interpretation is put upon carried into auxiliary cities, number- every kind of Christian work. "Evan- ing many hundreds, radiating from gelism" is not to have its end in get- each center, and by enlisting denomi- ting a boy or a'man "saved" for self- national agencies it is hoped to reach ish reasons merely, but in having him every community and permeate the "saved" for something that shall count church life of the entire country. in his life and in future service. In- The phases of work provided for are cisive and provocative statements were Evangelism, Bible Study, Boys' Work, made in the conference last April, at Missions, and Social Service. Four which the movement was thoroughly, main teams of speakers and workers outlined and discust. Doctor McAfee, have been organized, upon each of of Brooklyn, said that when he in- which there is a recognized expert in vited men olltside of the Church to all of these departments. The public tell why they did not become Chris- campaign in the central cities is to tians, the prevailing reason assigned last for eight days. Within sixty days was that they could perceive no differ- from the date of these central meet- ence between the lives of church- ings groups of workers are to visit the members and the lives they themselves auxiliary cities and towns, to repro- were leading. He justly added, "The duce the program in a series of three- Men and Religion Movement, if it or four-day conventions. During these does anything, ought to lift this in- eight-day campaigns, therefore, from cubus." Professor Charles Erdman, October I, I9II, to May I, 1912, there of Princeton, declared that the lord-

ship of Jesus must be the compre- every church in North America are hensive message of any movement that meets the religious needs of the called to meet in their own churches time-lordship in personal life, lordship in business life, lordship in social to make permanent plans for speciallife, all alike. This was indorsed by Professor "Iilliam Adams Brown, of ized work among men and boys. The Union, as "the essential key-note." Professor Henry C. King, of Oberlin, object of the movement is officially said, with great impressiveness: "I have returned from a year in the set forth "to leave with every church, Orient more profoundly convinced than ever before that our time needs brotherhood, and Young Men's Chris- Jesus Christ not less but more than any other time. I am increasingly per- tian Association a worthy and worksuaded that if men are going to come to God at all, it must be through the able plan of specialized effort for men Lord Jesus Christ. Men must see that only in Him can they really live." and boys; to win to Christ and the The movement launches a preten- Church the largest possible number of tious program, but it is based on fundamentals and has the promise of men and boys by May I, 1912; to power. This is the day of big things and of an aggressive spirit. It will be greatly increase the enrolment of Bible a test of the faith and perseverance of the men of the Church, and above all, classes; to continue and increase the it will be a test of their reliance upon the power of Almighty God to be in- emphasis on Christ as the one and only voked through prayer, which necessarily has the commanding place in all hope of the world, and to make abidplans and purposes. ing the missionary enterprises of the It is not to be a "spurt." If there is anything from which the Church Church at home and abroad." One of needs to be delivered it is from spurts and periodic "revivals," organized and the leaders is credited with the remark warranted to produce slumps. At the beginning unusual measures were that "The organization may be templanned to conserve the results of the movement, and to thoroughly link porary; the work is perpetual." In them to the life of the local church. A strong committee on conservation was the spirit of permanence and perpetuappointed, charged with the inauguration of methods that will make the ity this unprecedented campaign is movement of lasting value. "Conservation day" is announced for April undertaken. . 28, I9I2, at which time the men of The world is the key-note, the dom- inant thought of the movement. No religious movement can hope to be successful if it has less than this at heart. This is the only way by which the Church can be saved for itself-by putting it to work at the world pro- gram. It is the only way by which men can be held in whose hearts have been formed or renewed the impulse and purpose for religious service. If they can not be set to a task big enough for men and absorbing enough to compel the loss of the sense of self, then they will continue to fall away from religious life and activity. The missionary impulse will hold them, an impulse embracing the whole world.

Anything less is a travesty upon the passion and compassion of Jesus Christ. Men need an emphasis on the heroic and aggressive in Christianity. REV. JOSEPH M. LONG, WASHINGTON, D. C.

"There is that scattereth and yet in- The foreign series alternated with creaseth." This truth will be em- subjects connected with home mission phatically verified in the experience of work, the Indians, Mexico and Alaska. a pastor who, because it is right, gives missions a prominent place in his At first most of the work for these plans. In proportion as he promotes services was done by myself. Papers interest in the world-wide work from a page or two long were prepared deunselfish mot"ives, the local interests of scribing the country, people, customs, the church will be prospered. This native religion, early missionary efmay be a platitude, but I would like to forts, later work in the field, present give a personal instance of the truth condition and results. These were of it. mainly compiled from missionary handbooks and magazines, and were My second pastorate was with a given to different members to read. country church of limited member- Selections· were also read from reship and financial strength. One cent wide-awake books of missionary would say that all that could be ex- travel, and these received the best of pected of it was to maintain its own attention. Several young people who work. Yet, feeling that the people could recite well rendered missionary ought to have the privilege of sharing selections. We printed hektographed in the larger work of the Christian programs, the reverse side of which Church and that they would be much gave the latest missionary statistics, or benefited by enlargement of horizon, sometimes a map of the mission field. I began a series of missionary services. They were so much in demand by the We had them about one Sunday eve- people that I had sometimes difficulty ning each month, and the attendance in finding copies after the meeting for was always larger than at the usual my own file. An immense colored service. missionary map spoke to the eye con- tinually, and if some one read poorly, The" first topic considered was, or the auditor was not interested in a "How the Gospel came to the Anglo- paper, the map would hold the atten- Saxons." It was shown that we our- tion. At first, because the collection selves were converted heathens, the is usually supposed to be the climax deities our ancestors worshiped being of every missionary meeting, I thought recorded in the names of the days of it wise to dispense with the offering the week. This suggested the logical altogether. Envelopes were distribuconclusion that we ought to pass on ted, however, which resulted in a the same Gospel to other heathen, just larger annual offering than the church as the monk Augustine did to our had been accustomed to raise for misforefathers. Then we followed a his- sions. Later, in another church, the torical course for a few evenings, same feeling did not exist, and as the studying the work of Carey and Jud- offering was expected and welcomed, son especially. Next the different mis- we took it up regularly, using the ensionary fields of our own denomina- velopes also. Some who were not protion were reviewed, together with the fessing Christians accepted papers to work" of other bodies of Christians.

read, and not only conferred a favor, Prayer, and continued every night for but, as the event showed, were them- six weeks, without an evangelist and selves benefited by so doing. An ex- without extra preaching, the meetings planation of the map of the field by being devoted to prayer and testimony the pastor or a brief summary closed and public confession of Christ for the the formal part of the meeting, and first time. It was remarkable for its time was given for voluntary remarks spontaneity and for the permanence and prayer. of the results. I have always believed The preparation of a missionary that one of the contributory causes of concert by this method cost more time this work was the influence exerted by and labor than a sermon, but in view the missionary meetings. Sometimes of the gratifying results it was not in the voice of a reader in one of them the least begrudged. The isolation of had showed that his heart was touched the church, which at first thought by what he read, and these were the might seem prejudicial to missionary very ones who early took a stand for interest, had the opposite effect, the Christ in the revival meetings. We people being the more pleased to hear had been interested in finding that the about far-away lands and other races. Book of Acts was being enacted over Odd as it may seem, one or two who again on the mission field, and were seldom came to church. bought mis- blest by having a Day of Pentecost sionary literature to read more about among ourselves. I firmly believe that the work for themselves. A ladies' any pastor, not particularly interested mission circle was formed, consisting in missions, by giving the subject its largely of those who were at first non- rightful place in his work, would find Christians, yet were regular in their that tho there were "diversities of attendance and showed genuine inter- operations," "the same Spirit" could, est. The attendance on the mission- and would, bless the awakened church ary services was above that at the av- at home as truly as He does the activ- erage meetings of the church. For ities at the fron t.

these people, with limited opportu- nities for knowing the world without, A Southern clergyman tells of a cer- the missionary meeting possest a dis- tain congregation whose annual report tinct attraction, and apparently it never occurred to them that mission- regularly reads like this: ary meetings could be dull. Perhaps some were interested at first in the "Number added last year by bapmore general information given, but they were not unaffected when some tism, none. tale was told of missionary heroism, or of heathen yearning for or appre- "Number added by letter, none.

"Number dismist by letter, five.

"Number of members who have died, three.

"Amount raised for state missions, nothing. .

"Amount raised for home missions, ciation of the light afforded by the nothing. Gospel. "Amount raised for foreign mis- The year following the inaugura- sions, nothing." tion of the above series a genuine old- Each year letter closes with this fashioned revival of religion broke out with the first night of the Week of request: "Pray for us, brethren, that we may continue faithful to the end."

SURVEY OF THE YEAR IN CHINA*

BY REV. DONALD MACGILioWRAY, SHANGHAI, CHINA Editor of the "China Mission Year-Book."

The period of Chinese history dur- faced. This is nothing less than the ing which Yehonala, better known as creation of a new civilization…. the Empress Dowager, ruled China, will always be of surpassing interest "The task which China thus conto the student of Chinese affairs. fronts is one of tremendous difficulty. The situation of China· to-day both Observe what is included in it: A new for good and evil is largely the after- constitution, which means in reality a math of those eventful times. Then new political system; a new army, a as now, action and reaction, like Jacob new navy, a new economic, a new and Esau of old, were fighting for finance, a new science pure and apthe ascendency in the councils of em- plied, a new education, in many repire_ Previous writers had from the spects a new ethics. Observe the conscanty material!) at their disposal cast ditions under which these things must fitful gleams of light on the course of be produced. Outside, a scarcely disevents, but the impenetrable veil which guised and an imperfectly restrained _ covers oriental diplomacy refused to desire on the part of foreign nations be drawn aside, until two brilliant col- to exploit China for their own purlaborateurs gave to the world the re- poses. Inside, a very inadequate desult of their study of various diaries velopment of the national resources of kept during the fateful months of 1900 the empire, a financial and political by one who stood close to the throne. system that must inevitably keep the For the majority of people their book empire poor so long as that system will simply confirm previous opinions, continues; and, not least, a dearth of tho the wrath of Mr. Ku Hung-ming great statesmen." and others burns fiercely against them and all their works. The question is, Can she do it with- out help? Can she do it with all the China'. Taak and Difficultie. help she can get? Or, can she do it without the Christianization of at least We would do well to recall again a fair proportion of her leading men? the words of Professor Ernest D. Burton, of the University of Chicago, Professor Burton mentioned how spoken at the Conference of Foreign she is ringed around by nations who Mission Boards in New York, 19ro: eye with increasing impatience an ob- structionist policy, which both refuses "Having determined that she will itself to develop natural resources, and emerge from the isolation which she is even more determined to prevent has maintained for centuries, that she others from doing it. The most striwill no.t simply yield as she has for a king outcome of this policy is Russia's hundred years to such pressure as she recent ultimatum to enforce a treaty can not resist, but will herself actively in which she gave three days for a enter into the life of the nations and reply, whereat the Grand Council "are become one in the family of nations, very much astonished," but give way China confronts to-day one of the on every point. Meantime the Japgreatest tasks that any nation ever anese are "diligently cultivating the • Condensed from the "China Mission Year.Book," 1911.

cabbage-patch in their neighbor's back during 19IO indicate that he is doing his best, and under the circumstances garden" (Manchuria).* no one but a Kangsi or Chinshih- huang could have anything more to The poverty of the central govern- show than he has. There is much ment, which is the result of their talk of welding together Manchu and financial system, has received special Chinese, but several recent edicts inprominence through the debates of opportunely emphasize the Manchu the National Assembly on the budget. cNerlordship. To meet a deficit of 36,000,000 taels, new taxes have to be devised, which During the year the Chinese Christhe people promptly refuse to pay, tians, as related in our appendix, prefrom a too well-grounded suspicion pared four presentation copies of the that official peculation will pertnit of New Testament-one for the Empress only a small percentage ever reaching Dowager, one for the Prince Regent, Peking. one for the Empress-Mother, and one for the Child Emperor. But as long To cap all, floods, famines, and as the eunuchs and concubines swarm plagues have added to the distress and and intrigue in the purlieus of the palperplexities of people and government ace little improvement in court circles alike. These sorrows shed a lurid need be expected. light on the poverty of the people, the neglect of waterways,t and the un- The Grand Council and Conltitution readiness of those responsible to cope with national calamities. "If by the The great age of Prince Ching does stroke of a magic wand every Chinese not prevent him from exercising a official, from the members of the paramount influence. Censor Chiang Grand Council to the humblest con- Chun-lin lately denounced him as "an stable, could be made strictly honest, old, treacherous minister, who draws ninety-nine hundredths of China's dif- into the public service like a crowd of ficulties would have vanished at sun- capable persons like himself without appointing anyone able or worthy." rise.~' There are some able men in the Coun- The Prince Regent cil and in the ranks of the viceroys and governors, but no one has emerged The second year of Prince Chun's as head and shoulders above the rest. regency has passed, and he has done Since Li Hung-chang and Yuan Shihas well as might be expected, altho k'ai, there are no men who are so well there were signs at one time that the known to foreigners as they were. present Empress Dowager, Lung Yu, But the progressives in the nation's would like to step into the shoes of councils are met by a solid front of her predecessor. The Regent has been conservatism, and to onlookers the too strong for her, and by the aid of net progress is very small. Notwithhis Grand Council, has at least avoid- standing frequent rumors, Yuan Shied glaring blunders. He recently pro- k'ai is still in retirement. Tang Shaoclaimed himself generalissimo of the yi, from whom so much was hoped, retired in a few months from the army and navy. His various edicts presidency of the Board of Communi- *Words of a Japanese writer in an American magazine.

tBut a high authority on the spot in Anhui says it would cost £300,000,000 to drain that region.

SURVEY OF THE YEAR IN CHINA

cations, while that brilliant young board. (3) The promulgation of a man, Dr. VV. W. Yen, came back from new official system. (4) Promulgathe Legation at Washington to some tion of laws and regulations to be foluncertain post in the Waiwupu. lowed by officials. (5) The pUblica- tion of a system of bookkeeping for The centrifugal and centripetal tend- government finances. (6) The promencies of government received ample ulgation of rules and regulations in illustration during the year. The vice- regard to likin and taxes. (7) The roys and governors, accustomed to al- authorization of the expenditure of most absolute sway, like the satraps of the imperial household. (8) The esancient Persia, are constantly offering tablishment of courts of justice in the a passive resistance to the efforts of yamens of the administrative officials. the Grand Council, who desire to cen- (9) The publication of a system of tralize power at Peking. Every few audit. (10) The promulgation of the months there is a general shuffle of civil, commercial and criminal laws. high officials as in times past-a vacil- (II) The promulgation of the law relating policy which renders the work garding procedure in civil and crimiof the best men nugatory, and inci- nal cases. (12) The publication of dentally prevents anyone man being the system for taking of the census. too successful to suit Peking. (13) Census statistics.

Weare greatly indebted to Mr. L. Fourth Year of Hsuan Tung R. O. Bevan, professor of international law, Shansi University, for his (14) The promulgation of the conable resume of the new constitution in stitutional law. (IS) The publication another chapter. As he says, there is of special enactments for the imperial a certain tentative element in this con- household. (r6) The promulgation of stitution, and doubtless changes sug- the parliamentary law and system. gested by experience, or dictated by ( 17) The election rule for both necessity may be made, but the gen- houses. (IS) The election. (19) The eral result of the strict carrying out introduction of the budget system. of the constitution as it at present (20) The establishment of an audit stands would be to centralize power in office. (21) The putting into force Peking, and greatly curtail the power of all the new laws. (22) The openof the provincial governors. At the ing of courts of justice of every grade same time there are many indications throughout the empire. that the people's representatives will force the pace and make serious alter- Fifth Year of Hauan Tung ations in this constitution. ( r) The summoning of members of The nine-years' program is fully set parliament to Peking. (2) The imforth on page 31 of "The Year-Book perial decree relating to the same. (3) for 1910." Owing to the earlier call- The opening of Parliament. ing of Parliament, the following revised table of constitutional reform It is pleasing to record that the local has been issued: self-government councils, called for in the first year of the program, have Third Year of Hsuan Tung (1912) done most excellent work in connec- tion with the famine relief distribu- (I) The establishment of a Cabinet. tion in Anhui and Kiangsu. (2) The establishment of an advisory

The taking of the census (see our various provincial assemblies. These Appendix) is a matter of extreme bodies, having tasted the new wine of difficulty; but so far as it has gone, power, made haste to agitate for an it seems to be likely that the common earlier summoning of a real Parliaestimate of 400,000,000 is too high. ment than the program, which post- poned it to the ninth year, called for. Provincial and National Assemblies By great persistence they persuaded the Prince Regent to grant an Im- Upon the ruin of the old examina- perial Parliament in three years' time. tion cells beautiful provincial assem- Not satisfied, however, with this, they bly buildings have arisen in many set to work to have a Parliament improvinces. Twenty-one of these as- mediately, but in this they were not semblies were opened on October 14, successful. 1909, for a session of forty days. The franchise is, of course, a limited one, The National Assembly had varibeing confined to scholars, officials, ous questions referred to it by the and those who have property of not Grand Council. It was especially deless than about $3,000. The number sirous of inspecting and criticizing the who exercised the franchise varies, as budget, and Prince Tsai Tse, Minister may be seen from a few examples: of Finance, delivered the first budget speech in the long history of China. In Shantung, 119,549; members The delegates called for the details, elected, 103. and the Central Government respond- ed by sending down to the House a In Manchuria, 52,679; members score of large cases filled with docuelected, 50. ments numbering 3,280 volumes. Noth- ing daunted, the House tackled the In Hupeh, 113,233; members elect- budget, and cut down many of the ed,80. items, reducing a deficit of 36,000,000 to a surplus of 3,500,000, whereupon Of the 105 members elected in Sze- boards and governors raised a loud chuen, six only were elected under cry of non possumus. the property qualification. Christians votel freely, and in one instance the However, the Assembly established vice-president of the Assembly is a its right to criticize the actions of the Christian. Throne, to control supplies, and to ini- tiate legislature. It impeached the The powers of these bodies are Grand Council itself, and demanded nominally advisory only, but with this that a cabinet responsible to the they will not long be contented. The Assembly should replace the Grand discussions were intelligent and dig- Council. nified, and showed that the Government has set free an entirely unsus- The cry for a parliament was not pected power in the land. The aim is drowned until a dissolution was not revolutionary, but to encourage forced, and one delegate from Manpatriotism and strengthen the empire. churia, by way of protest, jumped from the train and was killed. The first meeting of the National Assembly took place in Peking on The Government outwardly has suc- October 4, 1910. One hundred of the cessfully resisted the Assembly, but members were appointed by the Governmentand one hundred from the

SURVEY OF THE YEAR IN

the contest will be renewed in the ars. Will China succeed with her next House. 45,000,000 ?"

Justice and Education At the Nanyang National Exhibi- tion, held in Nanking, one immense The new penal code is at last nearly building was filled with educational ready for promulgation, and the new exhibits from kindergarten to univer- law courts are said to be in process of sity, Tho these exhibits were drawn being set up in the provincial capitals. from a comparatively small number of Examinations have been held for those schools, they served to show as far as who wish to practise in the new law material things are concerned how far courts. The reform of the judicial China had advanced educationaliy. system is one of the absolute pre- The drawings, embroideries, etc., were requisites of the abolition of extra- quite equal to anything seen in the territoriality. West.

In a few places modern prisons It may be, however, that progress have been established, and even prison is disappointing. As a well-informed labor enforced on modern lines. But writer has said: "In regard to the allwill and want of money wi11long post- important subject of education, it may pone the sweeping away of the old be doubted whether the empire has prison system, altho one of the sur- not retrogressed rather than broken prizes is to discover a model prison fresh ground. Many of the schools in far-distant Yunnan. hastily started in the early days of the reform fever are either closed or are Torture is nominally abolished, but languishing, sorry patterns of what an a recent edict said that the bastinado educational institution should be. In would henceforth be used only to force some centers good work has been confession. But when we hear that done; but in education, as in other the Shanghai police are calling loudly matters, China lacks the motive power for the return of the bamboo into necessary to galvanize into action her the Mixed Court, it may be doubted loose-knit empire, paralyzed as it is whether the Chinese people can be by administrative inefficiency and abruled without it. sence of rapid communications."

As this subject was fully treated in The sensation.of the year was Pro- "The Year-Book of 19IO," and Chap- fessor Ling's speech, which is well ter IV of the present book gives fur- summarized by a leading daily paper ther details, it will not be necessary as follows: to give a lengthy· survey, especially as the opinions then exprest require lit- "Mr. Ling inveighs primarily against tle, if any, modification. the lack of moral and educational dis- cipline in Chinese government schools. The Christian Literature Society's The students, he infers, have imbibed Report for 19lO says; "The object advanced ideas without ridding themis to provide an elementary school for selves of the irresponsibility of youth. every 400 families within the next five Doctrines of equality and liberty, years-that is, school accommodation culled, we are told, from Japanese for 45,000,000 scholars within the next sources, have been interpreted as auten years. Japan, at the end of thirty thorizing a general lawlessness of years, had schools for 5,300,000 schol-

conduct at home, in the school, and years' period of foreign control is in pUblic. The most ardent reform- over, but most of the professors have ers in China can scarcely wish that been reengaged. the new order, with its many untried innovations, should altogether sup- Railways plant the old virtues that have held together for so long the component The Tientsin-Pukou Railway being parts of this heterogeneous empire. built by foreign engineers has made Among these filial respect has always rapid advance. Last year the northoccupied a prominent place; but even ern section had reached as far south this is threatened, according to the as Taianfu, at the base of the Sacred lecturer who took the Fuchau scholars Mountain; while the southern section to task. In the schools there is a dan- has trains running regularly to Lingerous tendency for the students to hwaikuan, on the Hwai River, ~nd introduce practises well known in the construction trains going beyond Hsuindustrial world for the purpose of at- chowfu. The value of this line in the taining their own ends. By means of rapid transport of foodstuffs to the "unions" and threatened strikes they scenes of the Anhui famine gives a are able virtually to dominate an edu- delightful forecast of how easy it will cational institution, even to the extent be to deal with famines when China of laying down rules for their own has a proper network of railways. tuition and regulating their own examinations. Finally, out of school A length of thirty miles of the Canhours Young China displays signs of ton-Kowloon Railway, from the Canmoral degeneration which, if un- ton end, was opened in December, checked, must ultimately undermine the while on October 1st the British secvigor and manhood of the country." tion of the line was opened. It is ex- pected that the two ends will be linked No effective reply was made. In- up some time next year, tho some say deed, further corroborative evidence two years may elapse. was educed. Want of money and engineers is al- A recent cartoon in T he National most paralyzing railway progress in Review represents a Chinese mother Gther parts of the country. pointing her child to the rising sun, the rays of which represent the things The first sad of the Ichang-Chengtu that China must learn, namely, Go, Railway was cut on December 10, unity, pluck, sympathy, humaneness. 1909, at Ichang. It is said that a numhonor, patriotism, public spirit, un- ber of tunnels are now being bored, selfish devotion, reciprocity, self- but it was reported that the directors reliance, self-knowledge, self-rever- were to discontinue work on the ence, self-control, generosity. If she Ichang section, and instead to build a learns them at all, she must begin line from Chungking to Chengtu. It in the schools. Mr. Ling evidently appears that a large part of the fund5 thinks that this sun has not yet risen. for this line were lost in rubber specu- lation at the time of the boom in The story of the Shansi University, Shanghai, an accident likely to interwhich is in a class by itself, is authori- fere with the company's operations. tatively told in Chapter IV. The ten The Peking-Kalgan line is being ex- tended to Tatungfu in Shansi.

SURVEY OF THE YEAR IN

Some work is being done on a line allows him, w111 yet render great servfrom Kiukiang to Changsha, and on ice to his country. another from Wuhu southward to Kuangtehchow. Reforms In Yunnan, a number of surveys The anti-opium agitation has taken have been made for a line from Yun- on new life, greatly assisted by the nanfu into Szechuen province. energetic agent of the International Reform 'Bureau, Rev. E. W. Thwing. In Hunan province, the railway Everyone now admits that China has from Kaifeng, which crosses the Pe- succeeded very well in stopping the king-Hankow line at Chenchow, is growth of the poppy plant, tho this opened to Hunanfu, and work beyond has resulted in some of the provinces the city is being pushed on. It is in severe loss to the people who plant hoped to reach Tungchuan in the it largely. This, however, was exspring. pected soon to right itself. The Na- tional Assembly has taken up the mat- The Canton-Hankow Railway has ter of revising the Opium Clause of made some progress in Canton prov- the British treaty, and a National ince, but little is known about it. Anti-opinm Society has sprung up in Peking. This society has been very The Shanghai-Hangchow Railway, active in endeavoring to secure that which is being built beyond Hangchow opium importation may be totally protoward Ningpo, had a bitter conflict hibited. Meantime the British Govwith the Central Government during ernment in India has, according to the year over loans, and Mr. Tang, agreement, reduced the number of the general manager, was finally de- chests exported, with the unexpected graded by the Throne, much to the result that the price has risen so high indignation of the people. that the receipts of the Indian Gov- ernment for 19IO-19II were nearly The Peking-Hankow Railway has :£3,000,000 sterling over the original been redeemed by means of a large estimate. Friends of reform rejoice foreign loan during the year. that a second anti-opium international conference is shortly to meet. A great line, to run from the North China Railway at Chinchow straight The Anti-footbinding Society, since north to Tsitsihar, and then on to being handed over entirely to the Chi- Aigun, opposite to Blagovestchensk in nese, has apparently ceased agitation, Russia, was greatly talked of as to be but there is quiet spreading of the built with American capital, but inter- movement going on, especially among ference of other countries has mean- the schools. The chief hope is that time put an end to the project. the young men educated in the new schools will frown down the practise. Multitudes of other lines have been In Shanghai shoe-stores have recently projected, some surveys actually adopted such signs as "Grown Large," made, but little construction work "Treading the New," "As Heaven Made It." These signs show that done. The name of H. E. Jeme Tien- there is a demand for natural-foot shoes. yow, the Chinese engineer who bnilt the Peking-Kalgan line, is destined to be famons in the annals of Chinese railways. He is still employed in similar work, and, if the Government

On February 22, 1910, the Govern- Post-Office and Telegraph ment, in response to a memorial from the Bureau of Constitutional Affairs, The Chinese Post-Office, under a issued an edict abolishing slavery and capable foreign management, is adprohibiting the buying and selling of vancing by leaps and bounds, and as human beings in China. No maid- an agency for consolidating the emservants or concubines should be sold. pire can scarcely be overestimated. Concubines remain, but their position During 1909, the number of postis considerably improved under the offices was raised from 3,493 to 4,258. new law. There are, however, many That means for each office there are loopholes for evasion of the law. By 98,285 persons. Articles of all sorts far the greater number of farm labor- rose from 252,000,000 to 360,820,600; ers in China are slaves. There is no parcels from 2,455,000 to 3,280,000; evidence that the edict has made any registered articles from 19,000,000 to difference to those who are in servi- 25,500,000, and money orders to the tude. value of $10,000,000 were transmit- ted.· Some 13,000 miles are covered At Canton the friends of progress by railways and steamers, thus leaving rej9ice at the recent abolition of li- 87,000 to be run by couriers. China censed gambling, which for years has occupies the fourteenth place in postal been a government monopoly farmed operations, namely, seven articles per out to the highest bidder. Viceroy head, as compared with America's 164 Chang Ming-chi deserves the greatest articles per head. A daily service becredit for this act. The revenue from tween Lhasa and Yatung, via Gyantse. this source is 2,000,000 taels, and taxes India, is the latest enterprise. on wine, salt, etc., were to be increased to cover the deficit. The telegraph lines are only slowly increasing. During iast year 1,915;1:. The cigaret evil shows no sign of Ii of lines and 22 new offices were abatement, but the sale of "patriotic" added. A reduction of rates has been tobacco is said to be gaining ground. granted, but telegraphing is still too expensive for the multitude. A recent Foreign liquors are being most per- loan of 1500,000 is to be devoted to sistently prest upon the Chinese. The extension. demand for beers and spirits is increasing in North China. The impe- Genera) Survey of Mi..ion Work rial maritime customs returns show a most alarming increase in the import "The Year-Book of 1910" devoted of wine, spirits, beer, etc. Comparing many chapters to a minute survey of 1909 with 1908, the total net increase all branches of mission work in China. for the whole of China is 845,186 That will not be attempted this year, taels, but of this advance no less than but considerable knowledge of the 737,088 tae1s are traceable to Tairen work may be gathered by a perusal and Manchuria. This shows that the of Chapter XVI of the present book. big increase has been caused by the In the Recorder of November, 1910, demand of the growing Japanese and Mr. Ewing has a valuable paper on Russian population in Manchuria and "The Development of the Chinese on the railways under their control. Christian Church." This will repay careful study. Dr. Gibson deals with

19II ] GENERAL SURVEY OF THE YEAR IN

Problems of the Chinese Church, in been formed, and enthusiastic meet- Chapter XI. ings held in which the Chinese have New Missions.-The Anglicans of taken a leading part. A full list of Canada, who formerly sent mission- Union bodies in China is appended to aries to work in Fukien under the Chapter XII.

C. M. S., have now appointed Bishop Spiritual State of the Church.-AI- W. C. 'White with several clergy to tho there is nothing like the Manchu- Hunan, at the capital of which they rian revival to chronicle, yet meetings have located. They propose develop- for the deepening of the spiritual life ing an educational work in cooperation have been much blest. In these, Mr.

with various missions in that province. Goforth, Mr. A. Lutley, Rev. Ting Li- Ultimately, the Hunan Christian Uni- mei, and other brethren have been venioity may be the result. leaders, and the provinces of Shansi, The National Holiness Association Shensi, Shantung, Hunan, Fukien, of America have a few missionaries Kiangsi, and Chekiang have been par- in Chihli province, while some repre- ticularly revived.

sentatives of the Methodist Protestant The visit of Rev. F. B. Meyer, B.A., Missionary Board of America work in 1909, and that of Dr. W. W. White at Kalgan in connection with the A. B. and his party in 1910, have borne last- C. F. M. ing fruit. The latter began a move- There is also the German Women's ment to establish Bible-training schools Missionary Union working in connec- in China on the model of his own tion with the China Inland Mission. in New York, and he will revisit Chi- Some missionaries from Scotland, a na this year.

branch of the "Tongues" movement, The second meeting of the Evan- are located at Tsechowfu, Shansi. gelistic Association of China was held In addition to these, there are a few at Hankow, and was highly success- scattered workers calling themselves ful.

by various names, such as Pentecost- The Sunday-school Movement un- al, Emmanuel, Faith, etc., but in gen- der Mr. Tewksbury's leadership is eral it may be said that all the great filled with new life. Dr. A. P. Parker societies are now represented in Chi- prepares the lessons.

na, and any others to follow will be Rev. Ting Lei-mei continues the small or of recent origin. Student Volunteer Movement, an ac- Comity and Federation.-The Chi- count of which is given by Mr. Pettus na Inland Mission have handed all in Chapter XII.

their work in the province of Hunan Rev. Yu Kuo-chen, of Shanghai, to the Liebenzell Mission, once in as- holds aloft the banner of Chinese sociation with them but now inde- Church Independence, but his follow- pendent. The London Missionary So- ing is not large. Nevertheless, all ciety has handed over its Chungking agree that independence is coming.

plant to the care of the Canadian The national Church should not be Methodists, and there is further talk standardized, pruned or grafted to of concentration by devolving another suit foreign ideas of what churches portion of its work to other societies. should be.

Ten provincial federations have Chinese liberality is on the increase.

The Canton Christian College has a pears at present to be marking time, large building built by Chinese money. but a professor or two are already on The Chinese in Shanghai bought two the ground. The Arthington Fund is very expensive lots for the Y. M. C. responsible for much new enterprise. A. extension. A preparatory school The visit of Professors Burton and to Boone College has been erected by Chamberlain, as representatives of the Chinese in Wuchang, and another Chicago University, stirred up great in Hankow. Mr. Ou-yang, a Tient- hopes of help for the educational sin Christian, gave 20,000 taels to the work of China, which meantime gets Y. M. C. A. The Chinese also con- along without it. ~arvard University tributed a large part of the expense is to establish a medical school. The of the Christian headquarters at the Indemnity School in Peking has begun Nanking Exhibition. work with over a score of American teachers, some of whom are ladies. The Pao Memorial Hall, erected by Chinese, forms an important wing of Literature. – The Religious Tract the Lowrie High School, South Gate, Society, under Doctor Darroch, makes Shanghai, while the same Chinese re- itself increasingly felt throughout all cently paid $4,000 for the purpose of the branches. Mr. W. E. Blackstone building a new church at the same has begun a large scheme for the displace. The Chinese churches gener- tribution of the Scriptures and tracts ally are contributing liberally to the to the Chinese by means of the liberal- Central China Famine Fund. ity of Mr. Milton Stewart of Cali- fornia. The phenomenal number of A further evidence of the Spirit's 1,440,000 of one set of Illustrated power is the decline of trouble over Portions is now being printed in Gerlawsuits. Lawsuit inquirers are di- many. minishing, altho some of the oldest missions report their Christians as dis- The Christian Literature Society, satisfied because the missionaries re- under the veteran leadership of Dr. fuse to take up "yamen" cases. Timothy Richard, still struggles for- ward with a limited staff, but is by Education.-Tho the future of the no means discouraged. I t has ac- Educational Association of China is quired during the year a valuable site "all unknown," that does not mean in the central district, on which it will that the schools are in a bad way. On erect a book depot. every hand missions are developing their educational work, but as far as Y. M. C. A. W ork.-Following the possible along union lines. The abso- visit of Mr. Brockman to the homelute necessity of the highest efficiency, lands, a large number of young men in face of government competition, is are coming out, to seriously attack the the strongest incentive to union. The problem of reaching the students in chief emphasis is not on the "leaven- the Government schools. Some mising" process, but on the education and sions have started Y. M. C. A. work development of the Christian com- on their own account. A meeting munity. (See Edinburgh Report, Vol. held in the White House resulted in III. ) a phenomenal total of gifts, namely, about $1,500,000 gold. Professor Rob- The Wu-Ban University scheme, ertson's scientific lectures to the higher fathered by Lord William Cecil, ap-

SURVEY OF THE YEAR IN

classes are expected to be a new key lishmen possess in China-a name for to unlock the fast-closed door of the straightforwardness and honesty-is literati. Mr. Sherwood Eddy is visit- due not only to the high character of ing the associations, with blest results. our official class and our business men, but also to the high character of the Riots and Indemnities.-The riots English missionaries, whose pleasant of the year are fully noted in Chapter English homes are found from one III. The Wesleyan Missionary Soci- end of the empire to another. We ety and the London M;issionary Society may criticize some of their methods, have adopted the practise of the Chi- but the sum total of the good they do na Inland Mission, and refused in- to the maintenance of our good name demnity for the Changsha riots. Mr. is beyond calculation. Think what it J. Archibald, in The Recorder for No- means to have scattered throughout vember, 1910, strongly argues against that vast empire, in hundreds of stasuch a course. Report VII to the Ed- tions, high-minded English gentlemen, inburgh Conference is against mis- whose word is their bond, living simsions claiming or accepting such com- ple and pure lives-absolutely trusted pensation. -who are working solely for the good of the people, undismayed by failure, Plague and Famines.-The death of manly and courageous. The more I Doctor Jackson and the work of Doc- see of missionary work in China, the tor Christie and his medical colleagues more I admire it. The work is much in Manchuria call attention anew to better organized than before. There the importance of medical work and is now combined movement where education. Truly they had come to formerly there were often merely disthe kingdom for such a time as this. jointed efforts. From an experience gained in witnessing their work in The heroic work of missionaries in every province in the empire, I wish North Anhui and North Kiangsu fam- to bear my unqualified testimony to ine relief once more shows that mis- the admirable work done by our missionaries are ready to care for the sionaries in China." bodies as well as the souls of men. It is not yet known whether this difficult A Bishop's Optimism.-Bishop Bashand dangerous work can be finished ford remains still an incorrigible opwithout a toll of missionaries' lives. timist. He gives two main reasons for the hope that is in him. First, The "Chinese Recorder" and "China China has adopted constitutionalism Mission Year-Book." – The Chinese without bloodshed; second, the new Recorder, under its editorial board, education bids fair to completely discontinues to move forward at a high place the old, and the hope of the level of attainment, and the number country is in its young men. It is of those in the home land who take it easy by thinking of some things to be is satisfactorily increasing. pessimistic, but notwithstanding ups and downs, the divine purpose is being Distinguished Testimony.-Dr. G. worked out, and Christians of all E. Morrison, the distinguished corre- lands should take heart again. "These spondent of the London Times at Pe- shall come from the land of Sinim." king, once so opposed to missions, has recently delivered the following striking testimony: "I think it only fair to say that the good name which Eng-

HOME MEDICAL DEPARTMENT FOR MISSIONARIES*

BY CHARLES F. HARFORD, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.S.

Principal of Livingstone College, London; Physician to the C. M. S.

The evolution of the Home Medical dangers which needed to be guarded Department of the Missionary Soci- against, nor were they able satisfaceties is one of the newest develop- torily to decide the many problems of ments of missionary organization, and a medical character which called for affords striking evidence of the com- decision. plexity of the missionary problem. The disastrous results of some recent A recognition of these difficulties military undertakings have proved has led to the formation, during the that the success or failure of a cam- fast few years, of a voluntary assopaign may depend upon the efficiency ciation of medical men and women or non-efficiency of the medical de- connected with the medical side of partment, or, perhaps, even more to the work of the various missionary the power given to that branch of the societies, having their headquarters in service. Few things are more striking London, under the title of the Assoin Japan's military successes than the ciation of Medical Officers of Missionforemost place given to sanitary and ary Societies, and the considerations medical matters in the prosecution of a which are now brought forward are campaign. based upon the discussions of this as- sociation during the last five years. Nor is this any less true in missionary policy, for, as will be shown, even Before, however, we describe the orto the present day a large amount of ganization of a medical department, it loss of life, invaliding, and consequent may be well to state the work which serious financial expenditure is due to needs to be done, and the problems preventable causes. How terrible has which come up for solution in every been the waste of life and health and missionary society. funds in the past is one of the tragedies of missions, but, while then it may have (a) Medical Questiona Connected With been inevitable, to-day, with modern scientific knowledge, and with the im- the Selection and Sending Forth of proved equipment which can be obtained, any failure to make use of Candidates these advantages is absolutely without excuse. I. In the first place, there is the work of examining and selecting suit- One of the difficulties of the past able candidates from the physical has been that many of the missionary standpoint, and it is most advisable societies have had no medical depart- that this examination should be the ment for the consideration of technical first step to be taken in considering medical questions. These, as they the qualifications of candidates for have arisen, have been dealt with in missionary service, for it is quite unthe ordinary course of business by the necessary to subj ect a candidate to ordinary clerical staff, with such medi- elaborate questions as to educational cal advice as they may have been able and spiritual attainments when an into obtain when circumstances arose terview with the society's medical ad- '.',hich seemed to call for medical opin- viser may show that the candidate is ion, but the initiation of all medical unfit for missionary service. inquiries and the decisions in highly technical questions rested with com- 2. On acceptance there are certain mittees and officials who had not the medical requirements which need to requisite knowledge to foresee the be carried out, such as vaccination, the carrying out of proper dentistry, and • A paper prepared for the Conference of Med- in some cases operations, or the pro- vision of suitable sp~ctacles, and, ical Delegates and others interested in the med- while some of these may be regarded ical aspects of missionary work held in con- as small points, neglect of anyone of nection with the World Missionary Conference these precautions may lead to the -Reprinted from Mercy and Truth. . breakdown and invaliding of a mis- sionary. 3. Where candidates are submitted with the missionary committees at to a course of training by the mis- home.

sionary society, it is a matter of great 3. Medical certificates suggesting importance that these should include a the transfer of missionaries from one test of physical fitness and medical station to another on health grounds.

supervision throughout the period of 4. Reports as to the sanitary condi- training, for this affords a valuable tions of houses or mission stations in test of the fitness of the individual general, particularly in the cases of to sustain arduous work in the mis- opening up of new work.

sion field. S. The medical aspect of questions 4. Instruction in hygienic laws, and relating to holidays in the field, and some knowledge of the use of simple the length of service which is advis- drugs, and the method of dealing with able before taking a furlough.

surgical emergencies are necessary in a (c) Care of Health of Missionaries on more or less degree for those going to the mission field, and this needs to Furlough or Sick Leave be considered in the case of every missionary. I. The missionary (and the wives of missionaries, for their health is of S. The issue of health instructions as great importance to the society as and regulations also may have an im- that of their husbands) should be inportant bearing upon the health of terviewed by the medical officers of those going forth newly to the mis- the society immediately on their resion field. turn, in order that decisions may be made as to 6. The outfit and equipment of a missionary has a medical bearing upon (a) The length of furlough; which the health of a missionary may (b) Any necessary treatment which depend, and this, tho not wholly a medical question, has an important may be required, and espemedical bearing. cially dentistry; ( c) The amount and kind of work, 7. The supply of quinine and some if any, which may be perother simple drugs is an essential part mitted during the time of of the equipment of missionaries. furlough; (d) Any arrangements which may 8. Besides the medical requirements be necessary for the recruitreferred to in connection with the ing of health while on furacceptance of missionary candidates, lough-e.g., pos~ibility of it may be necessary for some of these change to the country or to be again attended to after a period seaside. of training and before the mis- 2. Decisions may be required dursionary goes abroad, and in addition ing the time of furlough as to the best anti-typhoid inoculation may be con- method of carrying out treatment, the sidered necessary in view of the ex- consultation of specialists, if neces~ tremely insanitary conditions of many sary, and of dentists, the arrangepart of the mission field. ment of accommodation in hospitals (b) Medical Questions or nursing homes in serious cases.

While the missionaries are abroad, 3. Where medical expenses are the following questions may arise for borne by the society, the payment of consideration by the Medical Depart- rr~e~ical accounts needs medical super- ment at home: VISIOn.

I. Medical certificates as to the in- 4· Before returning to the field the validing of missionaries, some of missionary must be certified as phys- which may require endorsement by the ically fit before a passage is taken.

authorities at home. In addition to these duties, there is 2. Certificates with a view to mar- the keeping of proper health records, riage, the decision concerning which which alone can enable the above work may rest with the mission boards or to be done with efficiency.

This summary of medical matters should be the secretary of the medical will, we believe, convince any careful board. He should be a salaried ofobserver that it is an absolute neces- ficial, and, under the general direction sity that these questions should be of the board, should carry out the dedealt with by a strictly medical author- tails of medical examination, superity acting in the interests of each soci- vision, and administration detailed in ety-in a word, that there should be a the foregoing list. He should be remedical department. sponsible for the guardianship and control of the medical records of the How, then, shall this be organized? society. All medical certificates and It is obvious that this must depend confidential reports should be in his to a certain degree upon the size of keeping, and all questions of a techthe society and the extent of its re- nical medical character should be resources. ferred, in the first place, to him for I. The first point of importance is report and advice, and, if necessary, that there should be an honorary med- for the decision of the medical board. ical board of medical practitioners in- He would bring to the medical board terested in the work of the society, to candidates for a final decision as to whom should be committed the final their acceptance, and missionaries on authority of decision in all strictly furlough, in order that their plans and medical questions, subject to the gen- prospects may be reviewed. He would eral regulations and supervision of carryon confidential correspondence the General Committee of the Society. with the ordinary medical attendants The medical board should consist of candidates or missionaries, and of retired medical missionaries, retired send them to suitable specialists where medical practitioners from abroad, the occasion demanded it. civil or military, and practitioners in full medical practise at home, who In the case of some smaller societies may be able to advise on all points, it may be impossible to arrange for a whether from the general or climatic separate medical board, and it is standpoints, and who would be pre- worthy of consideration whether some pared to study the special interest of plan for cooperation might be arthe society and the conditions of its ranged, under which one medical missions abroad. board might consider the problems of 2. The medical officer of the society various societies.

THE MISSIONARY ACTIVITY OF SCANDINAVIAN CHRISTIANS A REVIEW BY LOUIS MEYER, D.D.

Scandinavia is not a unit, either in German missionaries to Tranquebar in politics or in religious activity, much as the latter is to be desired. It is 1705, and the name of the Danishcomposed of four countries, viz., Den- Halle Mission is written with letters mark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland, of gold in the annals of missions to which we must include, tho it be- the heathen. Ever since, the Danish longs to Russia. Each of these four Christians have shown a remarkable countries has developed its distinct missionary zeal, so that they are domissionary activity. ing a proportionately very extensive work among the non-Christian people Denmark of the earth.

The name Denmark is closely con- The largest Danish missionary sonected with the missionary enterprise ciety is the Danish Missionary Soof more than two hundred years ago. ciety (Danske Missionsselkab), which Its devoted king sent out the first was founded in 1821 through the ef- forts of the consecrated prebendary,

OF SCANDINAVIAN CHRISTIANS 77

B. F. Ronne. It started out to aid missionary work has been commenced the missionary efforts of the Danish in Andung, on the Yalu River, and Government among the Eskimos in proves most helpful in reaching the Greenland and those of the Basel Mis- masses of heathen. sionary Society, founded in 1815, in the Danish possessions on the Gold The Danish Society continues to aid Coast in West Africa, and it was the work among the Eskimos in Greenforced by the rapidly increasing ra- land, by supporting two native evantionalism of Danish Christians to gelists near Cape York, northwestern postpone, again and again, the send- Greenland, and we may say, in passing out of missionaries of its own. ing, that Doctor Kalkar's earnest ef- Even after orthodox Christianity be- forts, during his presidency of the gan to grow stronger in Denmark, Danish Missionary Society, in behalf after a long struggle, its leaders were of the education of a native ministry not friendly to missionary activity, in Greenland, contributed much to the until in 1861 Christian A. H. Kalkar rising of the Lutheran Church of became director of the Danish Mis- Greenland, "the earliest independent sionary Society. Of Jewish birth and missionary church which has resulted education, he had been baptized in from the modern missionary move- 1823, and had gained great influence ment." as a theological writer and a member of the committee for the new transla- Since 1908 the Danish Missionary tion of the Bible into the Danish lan- Society has a large home of its own guage. Soon after Kalkar had been at Hellerup, where its missionary placed at the head of the society, training school and its house of pubhe organized missionary conferences lications are located. It now employs throughout Denmark and began to 26 male and I I female European misawaken missionary zeal, especially sionaries, besides 18 wives of missionamong the women. Thus it came that aries, and 89 native laborers, in 14 when, in 1863, the German missionary missionary centers and 20 out-stations, Ochs, who had been laboring for the while its annual income is about $70,- Leipsic Missionary Society in India, 000. Its organ, published twice a offered himself to the Danish Society, month, is the Dansk Missions-Blad. its members were ready to commence at last an independent work among In 1872 C. E. Loewenthal founded the heathen. The Presidency of Mad- a little missionary society, called ras, in India, was chosen as the field, Loewenthal's Mission, for the purpose and Ochs became the first missionary of preaching the Gospel in Vellur, of the Danish Society, so that again, southern India. It still exists under as in 1705, a German was commis- the administration of a Danish comsioned by Danish Christians as their mittee, with Rev. Loewenthal as its representative among the heathen. only missionary and an annual income This work in India has been prose- of about $1,300. cuted with energy and with much blessing and success, so that it now is be- . The Indian Home Mission to the ing carried on from eight missionary San thaIs, founded in 1867 by Skrefscenters. rud and Borresen ( see MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1911, page 318), is Within more recent years, in 1896, aided by a local Danish committee the Danish Missionary Society also since 1877. Since its contributions to commenced work in Manchuria, chiefly the work in India amounted to almost upon the peninsula of Liao-Tung. $5,000 in 1900, and the majority of This was interrupted by the Russo- the missionaries is now of Danish Japanese work for the season, but was birth, one can well understand why reopened in 1906. Port Arthur has be- Danish Christians like to count the come the chief station, while medical work among the Santhals as their own.

In 1898 the Danish Orient Mission (Oesterlands Missionen) was founded by Pastor Prip. It has a station near

Damascus, whence its missionaries re- Schreuder became the first missionary.

port that the work among the Moham- In 1868 the Norwegian missionaries medans has not become easier since the entered Madagascar, and in I903 work Young Turks are in control of the in the Chinese province of Hunan was Government. The annual income of commenced. The work in Madagas- this society is $5,000 and more. car has been greatly hindered during Another Danish society for work the past few years by the hostility of among Mohammedans was started in the French Governor-General, Mr.

1901 and called Danish Church Mis- Augagneur, to all Protestant mission- sion in Arabia (Dansk Kirke-Mission ary effort, which, however, did not I Arabien). Its sphere of activity is succeed in suppressing the growing the peninsula of Arabia, but its work work of the missionary Sunday- is quite small. schools. Mr. Augagneur has ceased to Dr. Mary Holst's Tent Mission was rule, and his successor is, at least, no organized in 1905. Doctor Holst and open enemy to Protestant missions, so another lady physician are laboring that the work of the Norwegians in with much success in Peshawur, and Madagascar should soon become as the income of the mission is about prosperous as that which they are car- $3,000. rying in China and in Zululand. The In Denmark is being published the Norwegian Missionary Society em- well-edited and most instructive N or- ploys 67 male and 86 female European disk Missions Tidskrift. It is a bi- workers, who are assisted by 1,778 monthly magazine, among whose edi- native laborers, upon 46 stations and tors have been men like Kalkar, and is 77 out-stations. Its annual income is now being edited by Pastors Sorenson almost $200,000.

and Munck, who are ably assisted by Schreuder, the first missionary of the missionary leaders of Sweden and the Norwegian society to the Zulus, Norway. It has done much to unite severed his connection with it in 1873 missionary circles in Scandinavia. and founded the Norwegian Church Danish Christians contribute about Mission (Norske Kirkes Mission ved $100,000 annually to missionary ef- Schreuder) in closest connection with fort among heathen, while Danish so- the Church. He started work among cities are employing 30 male and the Zulus also, and since his death, in I6 female European missionaries, to- I882, a committee has charge of the gether with I I I native workers, upon affairs of the society, which does not I9 stations and 23 out-stations. stand in official connection with the Norway Church. It employs 4 men and 14 women of European birth and 29 na- In Norway interest in Christian mis- tive workers, upon 5 stations and 31 sions to heathen was little felt until out-stations. Its total income is about in 1827 Moravians commenced to pub- $9,000 per year, of which almost one- lish the N orsk M issionstidende, which half is being contributed by Norwe- still appears regularly as the organ gian Lutherans in the United States.

of the Norwegian Missionary Society. Its organ is called Zuluvennen. A But the followers of H. N. Hauge, the Norwegian Auxiliary to the Indian deeply spiritual farmer, showed little Home Missions to the Santhals was inclination for the founding of a Nor- organized in 1888, the work having wegian society until the continuous ap- had many friends and supporters in peals of the well-written magazine had Norway since its beginning.

sounded on their ears almost fifteen In I889 the Norwegian Free East- years. Then the Norwegian Mission- African Mission (Norske Frie Ost- ary Society (Norske Missionsselkab) afrikanske Mission) was founded by was organized and the land of the the Brothers Wettergren. Its object Zulus in South Africa was chosen as is the preaching of the Gospel in South a field of activity, where Pastor H. P. Africa, and the brothers went to Zulu-

OF SCANDINAVIAN CHRISTIANS

land as missionaries, where they are later, met with little encouragement, still at work. The mission has been and an attempt to start missionary taken over by a union composed of work in China in IS50 failed. But members of the Free Church in Nor- when the great religious revival stirred way and employs 3 women and 2 na- up the Christians of Sweden, the tive workers besides the brothers who Evangelical National Society in Swe- founded it. den (Evangeliska Fosterlands-Stiftel- The N or'li!egian Auxiliary to the sen) was organized in 1856. Its pri- China Inland Mission was organized mary object,.however, was the under- in IS90, and in the same year the taking of missionary work at home, Norwegian Lutheran China Mission and therefore the now increasing con- Association (Norsk Lutherske Kina- tributions for work among the heathen missions forbund) was formed. Its were transferred by it to the Swedish field is the province of Hunan, and it Missionary Society. Its income for all is distinctly a layman's movement purposes is about $200,000 annually.

along most rigid Lutheran lines. Of Tho the National Society was strict- its IS male missionaries, not one is an ly Lutheran, a desire became soon ordained minister. Besides these 18 manifest to have a proper Church So- laymen it employs 23 female mission- ciety, and it was finally decided to aries and 28 native workers upon 8 organize it. Thus, in IS74, the stations. Its annual income is about Swedish Church Missionary Society $45,000, and its organ is called K ine- (Svenska Kyrkans Missionsstyrelse) sereno The China Mission Associa- was founded and the Archbishop of tion places much emphasis upon work Sweden became its president. The among the churches at home, where it new society requested the other employs 35 traveling secretaries for it. Swedish missionary societies then in The little Chi Li Mission (Tjili- existence to turn over to it their as- missionen) came into being in 1890 sets and their work. The Swedish also. Its purpose is the support of Missionary Society, with which the native workers in the province of Chi- Lund Missionary Society had been Li in China, and it publishes a maga- united, obeyed, but the National So- zine, called Missionsvennen. ciety continued its independent work.

Thus, Norw.egian Christians are The Church Society commenced work showing much zeal in sending the Gos- in Zululand, tho Norwegian mission- pel to the heathen. aries were already at work there. In Sweden 1901 it took over from the Leipsic Missionary Society all Swedish mis- It was during the closing years of sionaries who were in its service in the eighteenth century, when the Com- India, and all the stations occupied by mittee of the London Missionary So- them. Its income is about $75,000 ciety sent an appeal to Swedish Chris- annually, while it employs 33 Euro- tians to become conscious of their re- . pean and 94 native workers upon 20 sponsibility to preach the Gospel to stations. Its organ, appearing twice every creature. No attention was paid a month, is called Missionstidning.

to it, and the publication of a weekly In IS78, as fruit of a great religious missionary magazine, commenced by revival, the Swedish Mission Union Swedish Moravians twenty-five years (Swenska Missionsforbundet) was or- later, failed also to arouse the slum- organized under the leadership of Dr.

bering consciences. Here and there P. P. Waldenstrom, who is still its an individual Christian was awakened director. Its first missionaries were and a few entered the services of Eng- sent to the Kongo, where they labored lish and German missionary societies, at first, until 1886, in connection with but the Swedish Missionary Society, the Kongo Inland Mission. Now the founded in r835, and the Lund Mis- Union has eight stations of its own in sionary Society, founded ten years that country. It has also prosperous

work in China, in Turkestan, in Kan- Finland kasia, in Russia, and among Swedish seamen, reporting 55 male and 33 fe- The largest and most influential male missionaries, beside 33 wives of Finnish missionary organization was missionaries. Its annual income is founded in 1859, in connectioll with about $90,000, and its semi-monthly the seven hundredth anniversary of the magazine is Missions-Farbundet. introduction of Christianitv in Finland through the instrumentality of Erik, In 1887, a young missionary, E. King of Sweden. It is called the Fin- Falke, entered the service of the China nish Missionary Society (Finska Mis- Inland Mission, and for the support sionssalskapet) , and it is officially of himself and his coworkers the so- supported by the Lutheran Church, ciety Swedish Missions in China whose pastors generally preach one (Svenska Missionen i Kina) was or- missionary sermon a month and take a ganized, which is sometimes counted collection' for the society. The misan auxiliary of the China Inland Mis- sionaries of the Finnish society comsion. The work has rapidly developed menced work among the Ovambos in in the part of China where the prov- German Southwest Africa in 1868, and inces of Hunan, Shansi and Shensi in the Chinese province of Hunan in touch each other. Its income is about 1901. It employs 26 men and 29 $25,000 per year. women of European birth, and 75 na- tive laborers, in 10 stations and 39 Three years later the Holiness out-stations. Its annual income is Union (Hegelsef()rbundet) began its about $60,000, and its organ is Misforeign missionary work, tho it had sions Tidnin,e. tat Finland, which apexisted as a home-missionary society pears in about 22,000 copies. since 1885. It labors in China in connection with the China Inland Mission, The Lutheran Evangelical Society but supports independent work in N a- (Lutherska Evangelif6reningen i Fintal, Africa. land) was founded in 1873, and has for its object the preaching of the Gos- The Swedish Au%iliar'V of the pel and the circulation of the Scrip- American Scandinavian Alliance Mis- tures at home and abroad. In 1900, sion" was founded in 18g1. It aids the first missionaries were sent to J athe parent society in its extensive pan, where it now employs 1 male and work. 8 female European and 4 native mis- sionaries upon 3 stations and 3 out- In 1894 the missionary work of the stations. Its annual income for the Swedish Y. W. C. A. was organized as work in Japan is about $II,OOO an- Female Missionary Workers (Kvinn- nually. liga Missions-Arbetare). Its sphere of activity is to be among the women A Finnish Auxiliar'V to the China of China, India, Africa. Armenia, Rus- Inland Mission has been established sia, and Sweden, but it has only one in 1890. It is called Free Missions independent station in North Africa of Finland (Fria Missionen i Finat present. land), and has for its obj eet both home and foreign evangelization. With the The Swedish Baptists organized a Free Church is also closely connected missionary society about the same time the Finnish branch of the Alliance Mission, which was organized in 1898, and commenced work in Shantung, and cooperates with the Swedish China, where they now have 7 mis- branch of the Alliance in Sikhim and sionaries, while the Swedish M eth- Ghoom. odists support workers in East Africa and in the Dutch East Indies since The total income of all missionary societies in Finland is estimated at 19°7· $75,000, of which amount $60,000 is The Swedish Jerusalem Society is the annual income of the Finnish Mis- sionary Society. the most recent organization of the country. It supports a flourishing medical mission in Bethlehem and a crowded school in Jerusalem.

CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*

BY REV. CHENG CHING-YE Christian missions have been in Chi- themselves; in the Arts College at na over a hundred years, and what are Tung-Chow about 100 students decid- the facts? Large sums of money ed to enter the Theological College to spent, and large numbers of converts prepare for the ministry. In the Med- received! But there is something ical College some tens of students de- more and something greater. The out- cided to preach the Gospel while prac- standing fact of Christian work in tising the medical profession. This was simply amazing, and at the same China is the character of the Chinese time delightful. The Chinese Chris- Christians, and the activity of the Chi- tian students, both at home and nese Church. A self-supporting and abroad, will be the center of our inself-governing Church in China is the terest, whom we watch with great ex- reward, the fruit, the joy, and the pectation and hopefulness for the fucrown of your long period of labor in ture Chinese Church. that land. Some of our missionary friends are, indeed, a little afraid of Speaking of the Chinese Church the Chinese Church movement. But movement, an Amoy L. M. S. misthe Church can only become able to sionary wrote: "They (i.e., the Chimanage its own affairs by actually try- nese Christians) are beginning to show ing to manage them. A child learns most unmistakably and distinctly that to walk by actual walking. they desire to take charge of their own Church life, while quite willing Does this mean the breaking of to look upon the missionary as a friendships with those who have sent friend and one who can give valuable us the Gospel, or is this anti-foreign? advice when required. . . . In De- Decidedly no! We can never thank cember last the question of self-gov· you enough for what you have done ernment was brought up for discusfor us. The controlling power of the sion in the Congregational Union in churches in China has largely been in Amoy. All the members were tense the hands of the foreign missionaries, with supprest excitement when I preand there is no doubt that it should sented the motion that the power of have been so in the days gone by. But self-government should be conferred now the time is come when every Chi- upon the churches, and that the misnese Christian should be taught and sionary should henceforth act only in led to undertake this responsibility, an advisory capacity, and with no auand to know his relation to the thority to control them. After a dis- Church. What is the motive power of cussion of great power and thoughtall this? This is the working of the fulness the proposition was carried same Spirit that inspired you to realize unanimously, and as I looked upon your responsibility toward men of the beaming countenances, I felt reother lands. Yes, the same blessed warded for the years of effort that Spirit of God. Every believer in had resulted in this far-reaching de- Christ should be a soul-winner for termination. " Christ, and every Christian is a part of the Church of God. N ow let me say a few words about Christian federation and unity in Chi- A Chinese pastor, the Rev. Dingi- na. I count one of the most gracious mei, has been greatly used of God blessings that God has bestowed upon among the Christian students in Pe- the Church in China in recent years king. He had some special evangelis- to be the spirit of unity. The federatic meetings in our colleges, and the tion movement has been for some result of this good pastor's work is years manifesting its activity in a indeed remarkable. In the Peking practical way in several provinces- University some 300 students decided notably in the provinces of Tsu Chu'- to serve the Lord at much cost to • From an address delivered in Wallace Green Church, Berwick, by Mr. Cqeng, minister of the C!1i!lesl! Churc!1 ill felcing, and a delegate to -the World lI:jssionary Conference.

an, Shantung, Honan, and Chihli. responsibility as well as privilege? Are The work which has already been we going to form a kind of Chinese achieved is of great advantage to the Congregationalism, Chinese Presbyte- Christian cause in China at large, and rianism, and the rest of it? Surely a in the north and west in particular. united Chinese Christian Church, with- The settlement of terms for the titles out regard to any denomination, is the of God and Spirit, the publication of right direction to aim at. Now is the a union hymn-book, the unifying of time to let the future Chinese Church the titles of different missions, and be well grounded and founded on a the establishment of several union col- solid basis, viz., a Union Church.

leges, all of these have done a great It means difficulty, and perhaps sacservice of unity among God's people. rifice, on the part of the various mis- For all of this God alone be praised! sionary societies. But nevertheless it is worth while. The sacrifice, if one But there seems to be room for fur- may use such a great word, is comther development. I would like to paratively a small thing when we think build my castles in the air and dream of the welfare and gain of the Chimy midnight dreams. We Chinese nese Church; for, after all, it is the Christians would like to see, in the Chinese Church we should be working near futllre, a united Christian Church for, and not our denominations, nor in China without denominational dis- even our missions. Sometimes we tinctions. We are not going to con- need to go with our Divine Master to vert the world into a world of Meth- the top of the Mount of Olives, where odism, or Anglicanism, or any other we can obtain a larger and wider view "ism." The Lord Jesus Christ is the of the world's need. one and only ideal for the world. The diversities of forms, of rites, Speaking generally, 'Chinese Chris- of opinions, of the different denomtians take little or no interest in de- inations, real as they are, sink into innominationalism. Very few of them significance when compared with the know the historical origin of their own solid unity of Christian love. May particular denomination, still less do that love manifest itself brighter and they feel the force of it. They belong brighter as the days go by, so that all to certain denominations just because the churches shall be bound up in onethey were so led to Christianity. This ness of harmony, and unity be the may be said to be one of the reasons motto for all! Such majestic unity why federation movements have found will be a blessing here in its time, and their way so readily and heartily in unspeakably precious for the world's the hearts of the Christians in China. good, and it will be transfigured at I have already said that one of the last into the unity and alliance of the greatest problems in mission work in Home above, where all the fa,ces look China to-day is the problem of the self- one way, concentrated upon the great supporting and self-governing Church. white throne, and the One who sits I ask along what lines will Chinese upon it. Christians be led to realize their own HEATHEN WOMEN IN THE NEW HEBRIDES BY REV. T. WATT LEGGATT When we read of shocking deeds the low public morality which renders in heathen lands, of women being such deeds possible; but we would be greatly astray if we imagined that beaten, burned with hot stones, and such deeds were ordinary every-day forced to climb coconut-trees in order occurrences. that the wretch of a husband may make her a target for his arrows, and The condition of women in heathen similar outrages, we rightly deplore islands is, at the same time, one of

THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH

inferiority and degradation, and if she discarded or made to feel ashamed in course of generations they have by any manifestation of repulsion at reconciled themselves to the inevi- her sin. She is a woman! What else table, and so fitted their necks to the can you expect? You must just watch yoke that it is really less galling than them!

it seems to us, their condition is no Of course, on all the islands there less pitiable. are elderly women who by sheer force The outstanding feature of woman's of character have worked themselves position on heathen islands is that of into a position of influence and re- inferiority. In some places she can spect in the village; but that is so ex- not pass in front of a man. She may ceptional that it but proves the general be bowed to the earth with a heavy rule. This seems deplorable, but we load, but if a man comes along the must remember that the present high path she must crush herself into the position of women in civilized coun- bush at the wayside to allow him a tries is one of the final achievements clear road. When he is seated she of Christianity.

must make her way behind him, and But in the New Hebrides woman's if he is of high rank she must crawl position is not one of utter degrada- out of his sight on her hands and tion. In many instances a woman knees. holds her own property, sometimes On the northern islands, theoreti- very tenaciously, and her children in- cally, she is not worthy to live under herit through her. A woman has been the same roof as her husband, and known to affix her mark to· a deed for when occasion requires she must slip the sale of land; and all the fruits of in and out of his hut by a back en- her labor-mats, garden produce, as trance. At no time does she dare to well as her tools and clothing-are her set foot on the village square, which own. She is the burden-bearer and she skirts by a side track, from which the toiler, no doubt, but there may point she is permitted to stand and have been a reason for that in the old view the dances. During certain cere- days of tribal feud, as it left the man monies she must seclude herself en- free to handle his weapons for her tirely. protection. The custom, too, of dis- The woman in 'the New Hebrides posal in marriage for a certain num- has nothing, or next to nothing, to ber of tusked pigs is not quite such do with her disposal in marriage. Her utter slavery as it looks at first sight.

father, her brother, her late husband's It is really a kind of hostage or ran- brother, or even her own son, will ar- som to the tribe that the other tribe range all that. Her own consent is will give a woman in return at a never asked, and her only resource, if future period, and then the property she is dissatisfied, is to lead her hus- will be returned. If the husband band such a life that he will be glad should die, her own tribe claims the to pass her over to some one else. right of redeeming her. So far from What seems to me even more de- resenting this purchase, we hear of grading is that she is hardly regarded the women in the Santa Cruz Islands as a moral being; she must never be going on strike and refusing to marry seen alone; some one, even if it is because the men were not ready to only a child, must accompany her on pay a high enough price for them.

her expeditions or to her garden; and But the idea of purchase, which re- when she falls into sin, while her male gards woman as a chattel, is repugnant partner in guilt has to skulk in terror alike to modern ideas and to the of his life until he compensates her Christian mind. It is a work of time husband, her conduct is hardly resented and patience to elevate woman, but at all from a moral point of view. An we are convinced that it is the Gospel angry blow may descend on her in the of Christ alone that can accomplish heat of passion, but rarely, if ever, is this great result.

EDITORIALS

MEN AND RELIGION MOVEMENT that the superstructure will be built before the foundations are well laid. We sympathize deeply with the pur- Men will not be able to lead a Chrispose' of this movement-namely, to tian life in the community unless they bring men and boys throughout the are first brought into a right relation to length and breadth of the lani into Jesus Christ; they can not value or closer fellowship with God. It is to appreciate Bible study unle~s they bebe expected that such a large under- lieve in a God and desire to know taking with large plans would be His revealed will; they do not take criticized as to its methods by many an interest in the conversion of the in harmony with its purpose. Its very world until they realize what Christ bigness presents danger. When men has done for them and are in symwith such divergent ideas, training, pathy with His plan for the world. convictions and ideals are brought into association, some will use language It is hoped that Christians will not and methods that others believe to be stand aloof from this movement or unsound, unwise and injurious to the spend their time and effort in criticism. very cause they seek to promote. The success or failure will depend on the degree of cooperation between God Representatives of this movement, and men. Prayers will bring us into for instance, have appealed to men of harmony with God and reveal His all classes and creeds for their co- wiII; we must depend on God for operation, saying that there is no rea- guidance and results. All the men of son why Protestants of all degrees, influence and all the money in the Unitarians, Universalists, Roman world wiII not bring abiding results Catholics and Jews should not unite except through the work of the Holy in the movement. A platform so Spirit. broad seems to be inconsistent with the "narrow way," and there is danger PRESENT-DAY NEEDS IN MISSIONlest a movement that includes so much ARY WORK will accomplish little. An evangelical Christian leader, who believes in the In Christian work there are always regeneration of souls as well as in the the fundamental needs of more vital formation of society, is asked to co- faith in Christ and a deeper realization operate, and is told that he can have of the spirit and power of God, but full liberty to preach the Gospel ac- there are other gr~at requisites for cording to his convictions, but another successful work in every mission field. leader, whose creed is largely material- These were repeatedly emphasized at istic and socialistic, is told the same the Edinburgh Conference, and they have been again and again dwelt on in thing. A movement that does not these pages. First comes the coordistand for something definite can nation of the forces now in the field. scarcely expect to accomplish anything This would mean not only greater definite. A door wide enough to ad- economy but doubled efficiency. The mit everyone is as bad as a door so missionaries realize this and some of narrow as to exclude those who have the officers of home societies, but many a r;ght to be included. in positions of influence in the Church at home are apparently more con- This "Men and Religion Move- cerned for the showing to be made by ment" includes Evangelism, work for their society than for the united progboys, social service, Bible study, and ress of the Kingdom of God. The missions, all carried on at the same hindrances to closer cooperation on the time and in the same place by differ- frontier come almpst wholly from the ent men. All these are excellent and officers of the churches at home. greatly needed. Social salvation and service is needed as truly as is indi- Second, there is need, a great need, vidual salvation and personal work; for greater efficiency in the training but there is danger lest the fruit be of missionaries. This also was made sought before the roots are planted, clear at Edinburgh. The work of Foreign Missions has become so com- formed, consisting of Dr. Robert E. plex and in many instances so highly Spear, Rev. John Henry Jowett, D.D., specialized that definite training is Mr. William R. Moody, Rev. John needed in the interests of efficiency. Timothy Stone, D.D., Rev. Cornelius In the early years of pioneering when R. Woelfkin, D.D., Mr. D. W. Mc- the opportunities for advance were Williams, treasurer, 53 South Port- few and the obstacles were legion, land Avenue, BrookJyn, and Mr. De- patient prayers, waiting and study lavan L. Pierson, 44 East Twenty-third were the chief requisites in a missionary; but to-day with every land open Street, New York, secretary. This to the Gospel and with every oppor- committee endorses the plan to erect tunity for missionary influence and a Bible-school in Korea, to be carried activity in all departments of educa- on under the auspices of the Prestion, industrial training, medical work, byterian Mission. The gifts received translation and publication of books will determine the character of the and tracts, as well as in preaching and building and equipment. All the the development of leaders of the details will be decided by conference national churches, now there is an in- of the American Committee with the sistent call for specially selected and mission in Korea. The need for trained missionary workers. This such Bible schools in Korea is great, need is being met in certain theolog- and it is hoped that so many friends ical seminaries and training schools will wish to cooperate that more and even in some colleges to a limited than one will be established and extent, but nothing at all adequate has equipped. As was stated in a former been done owing largely to a lack of notice, there is urgent need for from financial means. $20,OC)0 to $30,ooC) for this purpose, and we know of no form which a The third great need is for an ad- memorial could take that would be equate body of new missionaries to more useful and appropriate, and that take the place of those who are pass- would so fully carry out the ideals ing out of active service and to enter and be so in harmony with the wishes the constantly opening doors into new of Dr. Pierson. There is probably fields of service. These new recruits no place in the mission field where must come in response to a deepened the same expenditure of money at prayer life in the Church, a greater this time and in this way would acconsecration on the part of parents complish as much in the spread of and a wider, more spiritual vision on the Gospel and the building up of the part of our young men and young the Church of Christ. The missionwomen. aries in Korea are constructive in their teaching and spiritual in their Without these things-more re- ideals and methods. The Korean cruits, better training, and a closer Christians are simple and devout stucoordination of forces, no amount of dents of the Word of God and earidealism in plans and methods and no nest followers of Jesus Christ. In no amount of money will bring the de- place is there a greater hunger for sired results. Bible study or more practical obe- dience to its teachings. THE PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE Some have suggested that there be SCHOOL IN KOREA founded an interdenominational Bible school. This would be in· harmony The suggestion that some permanent and fitting memorial to the late with the world-wide work of Dr. editor-in-chief be erected on the mis- Pierson, and would appeal to many sion field has met with hearty en- friends, but it would involve greater dorsement by many friends· in close initial expense, and would mean pracsympathy with the ideals and work of tically a new independent mission, re- Dr. Arthur T. Pierson. An interde- quiring more machinery for its operanominational committee has been

tion and greater cost for its mainte- committee would welcome such co- nance. Such an independent work in operation. It has not been thought a field already occupied would be un- wise to name an exact a.nount to be wise and would be out of harmony raised, as this might limit the purpose with Dr. Pierson's life and work. and promptings of the Spirit of God. He found himself in great sympathy with the teachings and work of the We ask the united prayers of all Korean missionaries and the native Christians interested in the advance- church, and it was his purpose to ment of God's Kingdom, and in has- use voice and pen in helping to tening the coming of our Lord Jesus found the Bible schools called for by Christ, that the Spirit of God may the Presbyterian missionaries in Ko- guide in every detail of the proposed rea. memorial-the givers and their gifts, the location, building, and equipment, The Jubilee Fund contributed last the studies, teachers and students- that all may be according to the mind year through the special committees and impulse of the Holy Spirit, and in America and England amounted to that the results may redound to the less than $r,600. Other gifts from glory of God and of His Son, Jesus personal friends placed a.bout $10,000 Christ. more at the disposal of Dr. Pierson for his missionary journey, and for JEWS IN RUSSIA contributions to missionary work, ac- cording to his best judgment. This Organized and united efforts are amount was used in the journey to being made by the Jewish leaders of and from Japan and Korea, and in America and by some politicians to gifts to missionary work in those have the United States Government countries.* The opportunity thus af~ terminate its treaty with Russia be- forded to visit the mission fields and cause of her refusal to admit all to help materially in the work was American citizens to unrestricted a great satisfaction and joy to Dr. travel within the empire. An Ameri- Pierson. It was a fitting close to his can citizen of Jewish birth, no matter career of active service on earth. if he is born in the United States or in Russia or in some other country, The family of Dr. Pierson and other has difficulties in regard to his admis- friends and sympathizers have already sion to and his travels and sojourn in pledged or paid about $8,000, and it is the land of the Czar, because Russia expected to bring the amount up to at has special laws regarding Jews, and least $10,000. Possibly a separate demands that all Jews coming to Russchool will be established by funds sia must submit to them. This calls contributed in Great Britain. attention of the Christian world to the the deplorable condition of the seven It is not the desire of the family millions of Jews living in Russia. The or the intention of the committee to regulations and laws of the Russian make any appeals for contributions, Government must seem unjust and un- but many Christians in America and warranted to every thinking man. England, and throughout the world Jews in Russia enjoy no civil or politi- had a deep affection for Dr. Pierson, cal rights worth speaking of, and are and felt a great debt of gratitude denied the right of earning a respect- toward him for spiritual help and able livelihood, altho the empire now comfort, and many others sympathized has a constitution which promises rewith him as a fearless and self-sacri- ligious and civil liberty. The majority .ficing servant of God and advocate of them suffers grievously under the of the truth as revealed in God's double burden of poverty and igno- Word. Many of these would count rance. The Jews, not only of Russia, it a privilege to cooperate in erect- but of the world, complain, and pering the proposed memorial. and the haps rightly, that these conditions are • A detailed account will be sent to any con· tributor reque8tins it.

surveyed by the civilized world with- General Conference for Missionary Work Among Mohammedans, which out a protest, altho the doctrine of was held at Lucknow, India, from January 23 to 28, 19II, when the attiinterference by other nations in the tude of Christian governments toward Islam was discust. France, it was cause of humanity with another nation said, prohibits Protestant missionary work in colonies with Mohammedan is a well recognized doctrine. inhabitants, but favors Roman Catho- lic efforts. Two remedies suggest themselves Russia, which continues to make to the careful observer, emancipa- difficult the joining of Protestant sects by its subjects in spite of proclaimed tion and emigration. Emancipation of liberty of religion, places no obstacles in the way of Islam and its spread. the Jews in Russia, looking toward the Thousands have left the Greek Ortho- dox Church and joined Islam, which betterment and uplift of their condi- has become aggressive, and has de- veloped rapidly during the last few tion, can be accomplished only by ac- years.

tion of different nations, which would Holland formerly favored Islam in its colonies, but its experiences in the compel Russia to recognize the rights Dutch East Indies have been such that it has become neutral toward Islam, of the Jews. We very much doubt and favors the interests of Christian missions in its colonies. that any nation is ready for such a Germany opposes the spread of Isstep. . lam in German East Africa, and is favorable to Christian missions in the Emigration of the Jews from Rus- Gold Coast Colony and in Kamerun, but is said to be less favorable to them sia would undoubtedly bring great in Togoland.

masses of them to the United States The position of England toward Mohammedans in the Sudan and in again, because Zionists and the mem- Egypt was much criticized by the members of the conference in Luckbers of the Jewish Territorial Asso- now. It was said that the policy of the British representative is influenced ciation are not yet ready to take care by fear of Islam. In the Mohamme- dan Sudan aggressive missionary work of them in Palestine, in Mesopotamia, is prohibited, and all public meetings and all evangelistic activity are illein Northern Africa, or in any other gal. The Gordon College in Khartum, founded by Christian money as a mepart of the earth. Such emigration of morial to a Christian hero, has no room for the Gospel, and is a Mohamthe Jews from Russia would bring, medan institution in the full sense of the word. therefore, to the. United States, multi- The importance of these statements tudes of Jewish immigrants, of whom concerning the attitude of European Christian governments toward Islam the older generation would be poor becomes clear when we remember that one hundred and sixty millions, or twoand suffering from the oppressions thirds of all Mohammedans upon the earth, are living within their realms. which they have undergone, and would perhaps be unable to rally from the strain, but of whom the younger generation would have the Jewish characteristics of ambitious tenacity and perseverance, and quickly make its way in the professions, colleges, and all walks of life. The approach- ing opening of the Panama Canal will bring the Russian Jews to tne Pacific Coast in large numbers, and it will, we believe, prove a great aid in solving the problem of the Jews in Russia, while it must bring before the Chris- tian churches in the United States the important question of the solution of the real Jewish problem by the preach- ing of the Gospel in stronger manner than ever before.

CHRISTIAN GOVERNMENTS AND ISLAM According to the German paper, Der Sudan-Pionier, the following statements were made during the second

MISSIONARY

MOSLEM LANDS The Mohammedan World Reaction in Turkey The Mohammedan world has three capitals-Mecca, Cairo, and Constan- News from Turkey makes it look tinople. Mecca has been the heart as tho the Young Turks, who began of the Moslem world for many censo well, may be overwhelmed by the turies. It is to-day the pulse that forces of reaction roundabout them throbs with a relIgious life which The Moslem tyranny is jealous of all things Christian. It now seems as if finds an outlet to the farthest limits the worst days of the Bulgarian hor- of the Moslem empire. Cairo is its rors and the Armenian atrocities may head, where religious thought and be revived. Multitudes of Albanians education, controversy and Moslem have been murdered. by the Turkish propagandism through the press, have soldiery, and some 15,000 to 20,000 their center. And Constantinople has, Albanian refugees are finding an asy- since the Ottoman Turks made it lum in Montenegro. King Nicholas their capital, been the hand, the center appeals to the Powers to intervene. of Mohammedan political power; and He and his people are poor, and can not only of political power, but of not bear this crushing burden indefi- grievous political persecution. These nitely. Yet he can not advise the Al- three capitals, knit together by the banians to accept the Turkish terms warp and woof of their cosmopolitan of peace without some fresh guaran- influence, weld the great Mohamme- tee that the Turk will keep his word. dan world into a surprizing solidarity.

The Sad Ca.e of the Albanian. . . Shall not these three cities have a larger place in our ministry These people make one of the va- of intercession, and in self-sacrificial rious constituencies of the Turkish Empire. They have been able, against obedience to our Lord Jesus Christ great opposition, to maintain a dis- at this decisive hour of Christian tinctive tribal character. Among other Missions ?-DR. ZWEMER, in The M osthings, they have used the Roman lem World.

alphabet instead of the Arabic. The The Spirit of Islam present Turkish Government has en- In the Church Missionary Review deavored to force them to the use of for June, Rev. C. T. Wilson writes the latter, and they have resisted. on "Islam and Christianity in Rela- This has resulted in reports of appall- tion to Missionary Effort." Speaking ing Turkish cruelties at the expense of the spirit of Mohammedanism, he of Albanian refugees, women and says: "The Mohammedan religion, children, and the wholesale expa- wherever it has gone, has aimed at triation of insurgents who have taken obtaining the civil and political power.

refuge in the neighboring province In the Koran believers are bidden to of Montenegro. Recent information fight against the infidel-that is, all has been received from Constanti- non-Mosolem powers-until they nople, declaring that the Albanian either accept Islam or are crusht campaign was practically at an end, and reduced to servitude. This it and that the Turkish Government had was, undoubtedly, which commended under consideration measures for the the new religion to the warlike tribes pacification of the country, without of Arabia, and gave it the impetus further recourse to violent methods which carried it on for some 800 of any kind. . There is some sus- years, on the wave of almost un- picion as to the reality or sincerity broken conquest. And to this day of these declarations. The Turk any country where the ruling power must vet learn that he must respect is not Moslem is called technically the rights and advantages of other dar-ul-harb-i.e., a land against which human beings, and the time is com- war ought to be waged. It was by ing when he must' fall in line with the sword that the early conquests the other nations. of Islam were won; it was by the sword that its empire was extended country; only a specialist in this over Palestine, Syria, Asia Minor, department of human philanthropy Egypt, and northern Africa, to the would be likely to devote his atten- Pillars of Hercules. The spirit of tion to it. Dr. Berendt's investiga- Mohammedanism is the same to-day tions revealed a state of things alas ever; it is only the power which most too shocking to be believed. A is usually lacking." single example will suffice. In the Greek monastery, EI Chadre, near The Bible in Turkey Bethlehem, he found the insane chained to the walls of their prison, The freedom of the press has re- with an uncovered iron band, which sulted in wonderful multiplication of was forged around the neck. They literature of all sorts and in various had no covering whatever, and were languages. There is far greater free- compelled to lie at night on the bare dom than one would have supposed stone floor. This barbaric treatment possible. Restrictive measures may was excused by the monks on the sometimes be unreasonable, but some ground that an old tradition said that sort of restraint became a necessity. Saint George, in this way, had ef- Notwithstanding all, books and pa- fected the cure of insane people. The pers in general come into the country contemplated asylum will be of an without censorship; literature of all international character, and all pakinds is freely published. The Bible tients, of whatever cult or nationality, is as freely published as in London will be treated in accordance with the or New York, and there is no of- most modern apphances and treatficial obstruction whatever to the cir- ments, prescribed by up-to-date psyculation of the Scriptures. chiatry. The plan is most heartily endorsed by the people of Jerusalem. All these circumstances are note- It will be a Christian institution, and, worthy, not merely as factors in the if the project is carried out, will be political and economic development of another monument to the true spirit the country, but also as suggesting of Christian civilization in Asia.- the new environment of our Bible Christian Observer. work in this city. Through all the bickering and tumult, through all the Jew. in Palestine attempts, successful or abortive, in the direction of a genuine constitu- In an interesting paper in a recent tionalism, through all the bitterness Fortnightly Review, on "Jewish Reand danger of racial animosities and naissance in Palestine," Mr. Bentreligious jealousies, through all the wick gives a remarkable summary of efforts at union of the races with the fuller national life of the Jews counter threat~ and possibilities of in the Holy Land. The immigration fanaticism, the Bible colporteur has to Palestine has been increasing, and continued silently on with his work to-day, out of a total population of among all classes, creeds, and races, 700,000, there are nearly 100,000 a positive force for peace as well as Jews in the country, of whom 50,000 righteousness.-Bible Society Record. live at Jerusalem, where they consti- tute 60 per cent. of the population. Insane Asylum for Jeru.alem Of the growing urban Jewish popu- lation, the writer says that the largest An effort is being made by Rev. J. proportion consists of vigorous immi- Berendt, pastor of an asylum for grants, who love the Holy Land "not the insane at Berlin, in Germany, to alone for its past history, but for its found a similar institution at Jerusa- present and future promise"; and he lem. A recent journey to the Holy shows how rapidly the commerce of Land deeply stirred his spirit in this the country is increasmg year by direction. Naturally the average trav- year. The introduction of Western eler would take little interest in the condition of the mentally sick in this ideas and methods during the past received diplomas, two being from half century has, indeed, worked a Ispahan and three from Shiraz, wh:ch wonderful change; but the West owes shows the far-reaching influence and something more than this to the attraction of the school. The Eng- lish orations of the boys on the occapeople of Palestine and to the Jew- sion called forth a letter of congratu- lation from Han. Charles W. Russell, ish natives and settlers, however American minister at the ,court of tardy it may be in meeting the obli- Persia.-RoBERT E. SPEER. gation. Persian Girls in School Perils of Robbers in Persia Even in Tabriz Mohammedan girls In Mercy and Truth, Dr. Henry now come to a Christian school. White, of Yezd, says: "One of our "The political progress of Persia," great trials this past year has been writes Miss Beaber, "has opened the the dangerous state of the roads. door wide for the admission of Mo- Every road, north, south, east, and hammedan girls to our Christian west of us, has been periodically held schools. The first pupils must still up, not by gangs, but by little armies suffer persecution in fanatical centers of robbers from IOO to 800 strong. like Tabriz, but the fact that 33 Mo- This has made it difficult for pa- hammedan girls attended our school tients 'to come to us trom a great this year, and of these 22 were boarddistance; and it only emphasizes the ers for part or the whole of the year, great need they have for us, that so proves beyond doubt that we have a many have braved the dangers and wonderful opportunity to-day in Percome literally dodging their way sia. Twenty-two Mohammedan girls through. Then, in particular, it has paying to eat the 'unclean' bread of made it difficult for us to get our Christians in order to gain an educasupplies. As late as December, 19IO, tion, which they very fully realize may the things bought in London in Au- be the means of turning them gust, 1909, had not all arrived 1" from Mohammedanism to Christian- ity, proves beyond all doubt that our Christian Schools in Persia Moslem department is no fantastic project." The most remarkable changes have been those in the Christian schools. INDIA A few years :lgO there came few Moslem students or none "at all. Now The Vast. Indian Empire the schools, which are everywhere known as Christian, and which seek "The vastness of the Indian Emto convert their students to Chris- prie," says Sir Andrew Fraser, "may tianity, and are succeeding in doing be understood by anyone who grasps it, are thronged with Mohammedans, this simple fact-that its area is alnot boys only, but girls also. In Te- most, and its population is just, equal heran the two schools have had the to the area of, and the population of, highest enrolments in their history, Europe without Russia. As to its the boys' school running a little above peoples, they are diverse in almost 300, of whom 180 were Moslems; every respect in which one people can and in the girls' school 235, of whom be separated from another. They 116 were Moslems; a marvelous ad- have languages which not only differ Vance since 1890, when the Shah as much as the Latin tongues differ visited the school and caused great among themselves, but which also difanxiety and trepidation when he ex- fer as the language of Germany difamined the only Moslem pupil in the fers from that of France. As the school (the little daughter of a mis- languages differ, so also do the mansion servant), thus calling attention ners and modes of thought. It is of to her. The commencement exercises ?,reat importance to remember that passed off finely. Eight young men

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY

the Bengalis do not differ from the now carried on by the society-there Marathis of Bombay less than the is general missionary work under- Italians differ from the French, or the taken by some members voluntarily, Germans from either of these two the Nurses' Fund, the Children's Latin races." Fund, and the Loan Scholarship Fund. One of the members has offer- Christian Advance in India ed a donation of 6,000 reals to found The number of Christians now in four scholarships tenable for two India, says Dr. Lazarus in The Indian years. Mr. Theobald next told of the Review, number about 4,000,000, or children's home opening in February, about one-hundredth of the entire and now being carried on at Alma, population. The London Christian, Coonoor. The society hopes before referring to the hopeful statements of long to own a building in which the Dr. Lazarus as to the part which these work will be carried on on the same converts will play in the future history lines as the successful St. Andrew's of that land, says that one graduate homes at Kalimpong. A sum of out of every twelve is a Christian. 4,500 reals is on hand.

This seems remarkable when it is re- membered that the great majority of Movement Toward Christianity these have come from the deprest The Indian Church News gives this classes. The Rev. J. T. Sunderland, interesting account of an effort towriting in The Review above quoted, ward unity among Christian churches is not so optimistic as to the influence of Christianity on the higher classes. in Jaffna, Ceylon. A scheme is on He asks the question: "Can Christianity conquer the strong, proved, foot for the union of the colleges of highly-organized, enlightened historic the Church of England, the Wesleyan religions?" and answers his own question in these words: "For myself I Methodist, and the American missions. can not see that the history of Chris- For many years past each religious tianity in India up to this time f~lr­ body in North Ceylon has had its own nished us any warrant for answermg high school or college. There are no this question in the affirmative." He less than six of these so-called colthinks that if any powerful influence is gained by Christianity over the leges in Jaffna. The Anglican Church leading Indian minds, it will be less theological, less Western than the Ro- is represented by St. John's, the Wesman Catholic, Calvinistic Protestant or dogmatic Christian orthodoxy. He leyans by the Central, and the Ameridoes not believe that in the Christian progress which he feels is coming to cans by the Jaffna College. This abun- India, Hinduism and Mohammedanism will be overthrown. dant supply of colIeges has naturally resulted in the lowering of fees, so that it has become very difficult for the managers to satisfy the ever- increasing demand for modern equip- ment of all kinds. A very sensible proposal has lately been made to unite the upper classes of St. John's, the Central and J affna colleges, and thus India'. Mi.sionary Activity to form the nucleus of an educational institution more worthy of the name The Home Missionary Society of college. Each mission will continue to India recently held at the invitation teach its lower classes in its present of the Governor of Madras a well-at- premises.

tended public meeting at Government A Chri.tian Layman's Service House, Ootacamund. The Governor himself presided, and Lady Lauly was In the annual report of the Presby- present. Miss Dr. D'Prazer gave an terian mission hospital, Miraj, India, informing address, outlining a large a beautiful tribute is paid to the mem- amount of work of varied character ory of the donor, the late John H.

Converse, of Philadelphia. For twenty CHINA years he had a deep personal interest China of 1901 and of 1911 in the development and work of the hospital. From its establishment to The Chinese Recorder for July has two most cheering and stimulating the time of Mr. Converse's death in articles from two missionaries, H. H. May, 1910, there were treated 415,000 Lowry and W. W. Clayson, relating to out-patients, 12,000 in-patients, and the marvelous progress made in China 19,000 surgical operations were per- during the last decade, and with the formed; and to tens of thousands two chief cities as illustrations, Pethe Gospel was preached through the king and Canton. These transforhospital instrumentality. AlI western mations relate to realms material, India and many from distant parts political, social, educational, moral and religious. Mr. Clayson says: owe to Mr. Converse their physical "Christianity stands in a very difand spiritual welfare.

A Native Christian Church ferent position to-day from what it In TineveIly, there is now a com- did ten years ago. It has gained a munity of 60,000 baptized Christians a recognition which no non-Christian connected with the Church Missionary at the beginning of the decade was Society. In this community the old willing to accord it. Its aims are better system of government by super- understood. Its leaders are respected. intending missionaries has entirely There is a willingness to give it a disappeared. In all administrative and hearing. The Christian Church has financial matters the authority rests come to a conciousness of itself. It is with the district church council, which beginning to cast off the foreign and is essentially an Indian body contain- formal and take on the native and ing only 3 Europeans, as against 84 natural. Self-support has made great Indians. During the last ten years strides. In Canton there are now there has been a very striking growth more than ten really self-supporting in the missionary spirit and enthusiasm churches. The Christian community of the people. Seven years ago, a few is increasingly impatient of Western Indian members of the church in Pa- denominational divisions, and the idea lamcotta formed the Indian Mission- of a Chinese Christian Church is taary Society of Tinnevelly, which is king firm hold."

still entirely supported and managed The Population of China-Corrected and managed by Indians. Padding has been knocked out of Conversion of Devil Worshipers estimates of the population of China by the first official census of the em- Dr. Posnett, working in Indian vil- pire ever taken. The census was taken lages, has baptized twenty-five devil by families which are averaged at five priestesses in the last year alone. and one-half persons, and on this basis There are girls whose parents have the total is 329,542,000. This is a dedicated them to an evil life in Hindu heavy discount on the popular esti- temples. One of these girls, who had mates of 400,000,000. It shows a been devoted to the temple from birth, density of 198 to the square mile, had hair long and filthy, which had which is not great compared with 589, never been combed or washed since for England, 442 for Holland and 418 babyhood. This was all cut away in for Massachusetts, but it is great as commemoration of entrance into a new an average for a country of such size, life. Fifteen years ago it would have especially so backward in modern in- been an absolute impossibility in his vention. Peking also dwindles from district to have baptized a devil priest- the familiar 2,000,000 to 1,017,209, ess, so great would have been the up- the padding being probably much less roar. than that given the cities of ancient

MISSIONARY

times. A remarkable feature is the in electricity and chemistry and is great excess of males over females, seeking to interest and help both which in Kiangsi is one-fourth more, teachers and students in the numerwhile in Peking the number of men is ous schools of the province. double that of the woman. The custom of killing girl babies may ac- The Facts Concerning Women count for this disparity. "I have been getting facts concern- Honor to Medical Students ing the women of China," writes Rev. J. Sadler, of Amoy. "You would be The first Chinese medical students profoundly imprest if you could realto receive a diploma from the Chinese ize how the strength of heathenism is Government, were 16 young men, after in the women. From earliest years five years of mec1ical education and they teach their children concerning training at the Union Medical College, demons to be feared, worshiped, and Peking. The diplomas were presented served. Through their lack of trainby His Excellency Na Tung, Grand ing, they are totally dependent on Councillor, who representend the fathers, husbands, and children for throne, and Sir John Jordan, the subsistance, and thus lead a slavish British minister, presided. All but life, and do nothing to lessen the apthree of these 16 students had sacri- palling poverty. Also, through their ficed their queues to the needs of lack of training they are given to plague work in Manchuria and the gambling-honor itself may be gamprovince of Chihli. The preventive bled away! They teach their children work done by the staff and students to be early eager as to inheritance, and saved Peking from the ravages of the thus inspire selfish and quarrelsome pestilence. Two of the students fell ideas leading to division and lifelong victims to the plague at Tienstin. conflict. Public spirit is out of the question. The importance of women's Teaching Science with the Gospel work can not be overestimated. The destiny of the country is largely In At Chengtu, in Sze-chuan province, their hands." China, the Y. M. C. A. has opened a science hall for the purpose of enlight- JAP AN-KOREA ening the Chinese and winning their friendship by introducing them to the Cause of Slow Progress in Japan applied science of the Western world, just as Commodore Perry carried with According to The Continent: "One him to Japan a collection of models of of the missionaries in Japan, after a machinery and similar objects to il- visit to Korea, where he saw the two lustrate the life of the land he rep- peoples together, gives as the real resented. Wireless telegraphy, elec- reason for the slow advancement of tric car models, X-ray machines, tele- Christianity the solidarity of the phones, dynamos and a little steam- nation. He says there is so much of engine "running about the room from indirectness in their language, cus- Ichang to Chengtu" pleased and de- toms, and thought that it is imposlighted the viceroy and other officials sible to approach them directly. In at the opening exercises. There were illustration of this point he speaks moving pictures of streets in Lon- of an article attributing the faulre of don and America, zoological gardens many business men in Japan to and arctic expeditions; also some their neglect to get into touch with astronomical slides. The Chinese in one or more of the leaders in finantheir addresses fully recognized that cial and business circles among the the association was distinctly Chris- Japanese. Only a few are touched by tian, but nevertheless spoke of it in the direct gospel appeal, but to many the warmest terms of gratitude. The the bluntness of this appeal is so unassociation has started a year's course natural that they at once close their mind and heart. The strong family ties in Japan also prevent many from thanksgiving. Of course, he loses all yielding, and those who have gone financial support from the temple. to Korea, and so left the family behind, have been found much more ap- WEST AFRICA proachable. The Gospel Welcomed in Nigeria Another reason is the attitude of the Japanese Church toward the Sab- Few of our friends at all realize bath. While in Korea all Christians the degree of readiness to welcome observe Sunday, and to work then the gospel message that prevails over would be equivalent to giving up large districts of southern Nigeria, Christianity. In Japan by many the The following is the most recent exobservance of the seventh day is re- ample. A town in the creeks of the garded as nothing more than a kind Niger Delta, called Awgunnagha, was of superstition. Still further, in Ko- visited for the first time two years ago rea the missionary is powerful in by a European missionary and an Afchurch discipline, while in Japan he rican evangelist. In May last the Rev. has no voice in such matters. J. D. Aitken went there, on the earnest Baptism of a Buddhist Priest invitation of the people, no evangelist Rev. W. P. Buncombe, of Shimo- having gone to the place meanwhile. Shibuya, a suburb of Tokyo, has re- The whole town turned out to meet cently written: "The little Church him, and he was taken to the site where here has made good progress during the people were proposing to build the year; 19 adults and four children a school. He found no signs of idohave the been baptized, and at the three latory or fetishism-all had vanished. confirmations the Bishop has held at In the houses he observed pieces of the cathedral, 24 have been confirmed wood bored with seven holes, and a out of the 32 adults who have been peg inserted in one of them showed baptized at this church. Among those the day of the week, as a reminder to baptized were a (late) Buddhist observe Sunday, which they in their priest and his family. He belonged ignorance kept on the seventh day. to one of the largest temples in Kyoto, They were eager to learn how to pray, and all his relatives are of priestly and being asked how they did pray families. When he announced his de- they replied that they met each morncision to become a Christian they ex- ing and said (so it was interpreted to postulated with him strongly, and at Mr. Aitken): "0 God, we beg you, first he wavered. Then his little child we beg you, make you look good tobecame very ill, but, in answer to the day; make you no trouble we, or do prayers of some of the Christians, we any bad; we beg you, we beg you, was wonderfully healed, and this we beg you."-C. M. S. Review. thoroughly confirmed his faith, and he wrote to his people announcing All Idols Destroyed his final decision. They wrote in reply excomunicating him from temple After hearing the Gospel once only, and family. After the service one and that some two years ago, Messrs. morning, he got up and said he wished Reeks and Williams, the people of to make a statement; he related his Awgunnagha, on the lower Niger, religious experiences, canfest how he have destroyed everything connected have wavered, and spoke of his repentance, and his present firm decision. with heathen worship. The Rev. J. D. Then he produced the letter he had received the day before from the head Aitken wrote: "I was at Patani on of his clan excommunicating him, Easter Sunday when a deputation arand read it to the congregation. The rived from Awgunnagha asking that Christians heard it with much joy and a white man might visit them and stay six days at least to teach them how to serve God. We promised to give them a visit if possible. On the fol- lowing Sunday I was holding Easter services in this town when the same

1 GENERAL MISSIONARY

men came in a canoe to take me to tics for the last year are as follows; their village, and as I could not start Churches, 8; preaching-stations, 576; at once or promise to come that week, communicants, 6,898; candidates for they went rather angrily away with- baptism, 7,983; schools, 719; teachers, out saluting me. School commenced 1,363; scholars, 50,850; children at- the next day, but after two weeks I tending Sunday-school, over 27,000; gave the boys a three days' holiday to 919 adults and 975 children have been get shingles for a new house to be baptized during the year. Livings- built here shortly, and I thought I tonia Mission has only been thirty- might very well spend the time by five years in existence, and has al- visiting Taylor Creek."-C. M. S. Ga- ready been privileged by the great zette. head of the Church to baptize over A King Turned Misai,!nary 15,000 persons, and to build up a Christian community of over 27,000 Missionary Schwartz, of the Basle The power of the written Word has Society, writes home from the Gold Coast: "King Njoya might be called not been overlooked, and 29,314 Bithe most influential missionary of all bles and books have been sold. The the interior. He is h!mself building medical-mission work is well devela great school for his 500 pupils. I oped. There is a dispensary at every have been working for a week at ma- station; 8 medical missionaries and I I king him doors and windows, and had assistants being in charge of the work, to make the plan of the building in and having 85 beds at their disposal; order that the doors and windows 30,OIO out-patients and soz inmight fit exactly. N joya is enchanted patients have come under treatment.

with his educational palace, and has Converts by the Hundred given me 2S logs for our station. He Bishop Tucker recently made a visit teaches the school himself, relates and to his Uganda diocese, and during dictates Bible stories to the children, the five weeks of his stay he con- composes Christian hymns and teaches firmed nearly 900, and admitted ten the children to sing them." Baganda to the diaconate who had SOUTH AFRICA served some fifteen years as catechists, teachers or lay readers, had enjoyed The Boer Missionary Institute a very thorough course of training, One of the results of the revivals and had passed an examination with which took place in the Boer prison- great credit. In bidding farewell to camps during the South African war the flock whose growth he has was the foundation of the Boer Mis- watched over since it was only 200 sionary Institute at Worcester, South strong, twenty-one years ago, till it Africa, from which 155 young people is now over 70,000, the Bishop re- have already passed through the ceived numerous addresses, and both course, 60 of them being on the field, chiefs and people did their utmost to while the rest are engaged in further show their affection for him and their study in the Wellington Seminary and sorrow for his departure.

elsewhere. The Institute purposes Healing for Both Body and Soul also to provide school-teachers for the The work of the Mengo Medical Boer people. The Boer Calvinist Mission, in Uganda, is attended with churches have now missions in Rho- encouraging result~. In the report for desia, British Bechuanaland and Nya- last year, Dr. Cook tells the following saland. story; "A Mohammedan came up EAST AFRICA from Koki, full of pride because he is the only man in Uganda who has Livingatonia Mission Of this well-known mission of the been to Mecca. Vhen admitted to United Free Church of Scotland in the ward, he said he had come this the Nyasaland Protectorate, the sta- long way to have his disease cured,

having heard that the doctors were Colenso, Roberts and Bryant in Zulu; good and clever men, and that they could cure all diseases! When asked Jacottet in Sesuto; and Junod in if he knew of Christ, he said, 'No, and I don't want to.' He would cover Thonga. In the third class, again, his head at the sound of the drum for missionaries have much to their credit. prayers, and would remain so until Callaway's books on the Zulus are inthe service was over. He was asked comparable. if he would not read our books and compare the two religions, and then AMERICA tell us what he thought of the religion of Christ, the Son of God. Being a Mi86ionary Education Movement very intelligent man, he was caught in this way. He read through the The Young People's Missionary 'Pilgrim's Progress,' translated i!Jlto Movement has changed its name to Mr. Pilkington. This book is full of correspond more closely with the pur- Luganda by Mr. Gordon, and 'Anonya pose and the activities of the move- Alaba' (,He who seeks shall see'), by ment. Uganda proverbs, and appeals very much to the hearts of the people. The new name, Missionary Educa- This he read through twice, his face tion Movement, is similar in form to becoming softer, and we heard less the two other great educational about Mecca. We next gave him the agencies of the country, the National Gospels, with a thrill of joy' remem- Education Association and the Religbering the promise: 'My Word shall ious Education Association, and will not return unto Me void.' Day by tend to give missionary education its day we saw him pondering over the proper place in the educational world. Gospel stories; and before he left the hospital, we had the joy of hearing The purpose of the movement in him confess his faith in Christ as his relation to young people is not altered, Savior. On the day he left, he quietly nor are its practises changed, but it said: 'In God's strength I will win my is keeping pace with extensive educawife for Christ.' " tional developments in the boards, re- sulting in an enlarged field of activity. by Literary Work Missionaries The w0rk of the educational depart- ments of several mission boards has A bibliography of South African undergone an extension. Some have books, lately published, contains 12,- included, in their constituency, broth- 000 entries. Among these, The Chris- erhoods and colleges, and all have tian Express states, there are over 200 come to recognize the need for misby missionaries, most of which are sionary education among adults. on (I) Travel and general descrip- Moreover, there has been a growing tendency on the part of the mission tion; (2) philology; (3) folklore and boards to look to this movement for customs; (4) history and religion. In cooperation in all lines of missionary the first class the missionaries take a education. These developments recoghigh rank-they include Campbell, nize the movement as an agency to Moffat, Livingstone, Arbouset and assist all boards in promoting mission- Dumas, Kay, Casalis, Mackenzie, ary education for any class, group, or Thomas, and many others. In the constituency, and on any subject of second class, philology, the mission- sufficiently common interest to wararies have no compeers, they have rant one agency in acting for several been the creators of the science in others. South Africa. Among the great names are Tindall and Kolbe, in Nama The International Sunday-school and Herero respectively; Appleyard Krapf and Stewart in Kafir; Grant, Convention One of the key-notes to the San Francisco Convention (June 21-27), was the place and power of the Sun- day-schools in the Movement for the Evangelization of the World. The

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 79

Bible was held up as the sources of is visible among these men, who, the Christian message, and the words thoroughly rationalistic or materialis- "Life, Light, and Power" were hung tic in their convictions, formerly in the convention hall. The conven- looked with contempt upon everything tion motto was "The Open Bible and which bore the name Christian. The the Uplifted Cross." Home Mission proof has been furnished, perhaps, Day and Foreign Mission Day were for the first time, that these Russian each celebrated with great enthusiasm. revolutionists are willing to listen to the preaching of the Gospel in their The Gideons at Work on the Pacific own language, without being attracted by mere auxiliary means. The thirteenth International Sunday-school Convention was recently The Chicago Vice Report in session in San Francisco. One of the features of that convention was The municipal commission appointed the prominence given to the Bible. by the Mayor and city council of Some twenty-five thousand American Chicago, on the problem of vice in Standard Bibles had been shipped to that city, has published a report giving San Francisco, which were used in the a careful study of one of the most diffi- Adult Bible Class parade, each mem- cult problems of civilization. Chicago ber of which carried a copy of the is not the worst sinner of the 52 cities Bible. These Bibles were then re- considered, they tell us. On the conturned to the Convention Hall and trary, "it is far better proportionately placed in the form of a huge pyramid. to its population than most of the After the convention "The Gideons" other large cities of the country." The distributed the Bibles in the rooms of majority of the police are honest, but the hotels on the Pacific coast. inactive, mainly deterred from action by the attitude of their supeirors in Work Among Russians in New York office, and certain elements among the wealthy and social leaders of the city. One of the most interesting Gospel There are two social and moral standefforts among foreigners in the city of ards. Vice in poverty is persecuted, New York is that which the Metho- vice in prosperity is winked at. The dist Episcopal Church commenced, profits of vice, reckoned at some $15,- about eight months ago, among people 000,000 annually, go mainly into the of Russian nationality and language. hands of men. "Separate the male The minister in charge speaks Rus- exploiter from the problem and we sian, German, and English in a mas- minimize its extent and abate its flaterly manner, and is 'reaching alto- grant outward expression." "The 5,000 gether unexpected masses, chiefly women who are ground to death every composed of men. Russian Jews as year are the victims of lust and greed, well as Russian gentiles attend the and many 'respectable' men share in meetings, which consist of nothing but these profits who are not procurers or the preaching of the Gospel, the sing- 'white-slavers.' In juxtaposition with ing of hymns, earnest prayers, and the this group of professional male exfervent testimonies of those who have ploiters stand ostensibly respectable tasted the love of the Lord Jesus citizens, both men and women, who are Christ. It is a most surprizing and openly renting and leasing property gratifying fact that many Russian so- for exorbitant sums, and thus sharing, cialists and anarchists come regularly through immorality of investments, the to these meetings, listen to the earnest profits from the business." Bad homes Gospel addresses, and often remain for and divorce are among the sources of the aftermeetings which in some cases supply enumerated. A plea is made have extended throughout an hour af- for the protection of immigrant women Missionary Intelligence Three Freybo on their arrival in Chicago. The inter the close of the service. Already teresting statement is made that the the softening influence of the Gospel

spoiled children of small families are association of over 3~ members, and more in peril than those who come at every town of importance a Shinto from larger family groups. The temp- temple and a Chinese Joss-house and tations of inadequate pay and conse- Chinatown. quent half-starvation are also considered. The Negro'. Future Persian. in Chicago Booker 'Washington finds great sat- isfaction in the progress of the ne- The spell of that unlucky number, groes. He calls them "a new race"- thirteen, was broken a little more than a race with a future. Speaking rea year ago by a group of 13 young cently in Atlantic City, he said: "The Persians in Chicago, who banded negro is going forward. The Indian themselves together in a Christian En- refused the white man's customs, his deavor society. Some of them were religion, his clothes, his houses; but Endeavorers before they left "the the negro says: 'We'll take everything land of the lion and the sun." In their that we can get from you, and weave home land the Mohammedans will not it into our life.' Negroes own 19,- even count thirteen when they meas- 000,000 acres of land, or about 30,000 ure grain or other articles, but say, square miles. One day, in a pretty "It is not thirteen." In three months little negro setth;ment, he asked his the number of Endeavorers stood at guide: 'What is the name of this 30, and the year closed with 42 on the place ? Usually ignominious names roll, of whom 37 are young men. The like Bug Hollow or Little Africa are members give liberally to local and appended to such places, but in this to State Christian work, as well as to case the reply was: 'This is Columbia missions, and they have made goodly Heights !' Forty-five years ago, only pledges toward a Persian church, 3 per cent. of the negroes could read which they eagerly expect to build. and write; to-day 58 per cent. can do In Chicago there are more than one both." thousand Persians, so that there are good possibilities for growth.-Chris- Responses are being received from tian Endeavor World. all parts of the world in reply to the invitations which have been sent out Oriental. Crowding Into California calling all International Conference on the Negro, to be held at Tuskegee, In The World To-day for April, Ala., April 17 to 19, 1912. The con- John T. Bramhall writes of the Asi- ference is designed to offer an opporatic problem as follows: "I have lately tunity, for those engaged in any kind had occasion to pass through the of service in Africa, the West Indies, peach, pear and plum orchard dis- or North and South America, where tricts of Placer County, a region negro peoples are to be found in large which, with its irrigated foothills, is numbers, to become more intimately as beautiful as any part of the State, acquainted with the larger aspects of and which not long ago boasted that it the work and problems of Africa and supplied a third of California's de- these other countries. ciduous fruit shipments, and I found the chief fruit-shipping towns over- Men and Religion run with Japanese and Hindus. In the fruit-shipping houses the boxes Three hundred strong men from bore the Oriental names of the grow- thirty-seven States in the Union and ers, the wagons that delivered fruit to four provinces of Canada met at Silthe shipping houses were driven by ver Bay, July 22-30, to plan an ag- Chinese and Japanese, and half the gressive campaign for the year beginorchards, as I drove through them ning with September. Every denomifor miles, appeared to be in Japanese nation, and all ranks and conditions hands. At Loomis I found a Japanese of church life were represented, and every phase of Christian activity was presented. No such meeting has prob-

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ably taken place in the history of the Bible. at the Coronation divided forces of Christendom on the North American Continent. The ob- The British and Foreign Bible Soject is to help find the 3,000,000 North ciety seized the opportunity presented American men and boys missing from by the naval review, one of the participation in the Christian life. The "events" of the recent coronation, to hope is to stimulate special work for distribute New Testaments among the men and boys in every church on the sailors of the foreign ships. Rear continent; to win thousands of un- Admiral A. ]. Horsley, of the British converted men and boys to Christ and Navy, assisted in the distribution, and the church j to double the enrolment writes of it as follows: in Bible-study classes; to reveal programs of Christian service that will "The Bible Society wished every command the lives of the most efficient foreign sailor and marine to be premen of the two nations. sented with a Coronation New Testa- ment, as a souvenir of their visit to Student Volunteer Movement Results England, and, having no machinery at hand to do the actual work of dis- The report of the work during last tribution, appealed to Miss Weston, year shows that 368 student volun- the weII-known friend of the sailors, teers sailed during 1910, assigned to to organize it locally. This she did, 20 or more different fields. This writing for permission to the various brings the total number who have captains through their consuls, and gone out up to January I, I9II, after obtaining it freely in most cases. Only becoming members of the Movement, the Greek and Spanish ships made to 4,784. Other products. of the inquiries as to the particular ver'Sion Movement are noteworthy. There are of the New Testament to be issued. 596 institutions of learning in Cana- They did not want the Douai Version da and the United States where classes in the Spanish ships, but some special for mission study are enroIled, the to- one. This was duly obtained. At 10 tal number of classes being 4,379, and A.M. I arrived at Portsmouth Harbor, of students 29,322. In the school having given her my name as a volyear of 1909-10 students in American unteer distributor for the ~ Spanish and Canadian colleges contributed ship, and found two steam launches $133,761 for missions. fillE.d with cases of Testaments, and other workers-40 in each launch- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN 5 for each of the r6 ships. The dis- tribution was completely successful." Missionary Literature in Braille Type Bernardo'. Work for Children Some members of the Church Missionary Society have recently set to Founder's Day was recently celework to produce missionary literature brated in connection with Dr. Berin Braille type for the blind, and the nardo's home at Barkingside, Essex. first issue of the C.M.S. Braille Maga- Among outstanding facts, it was zine will shortly be in circulation. noted in the report that the number The magazine wiIl not be issued for of children dealt with last year was sale j but reading-circles among the 18,862, the fresh applications being blind, each consisting of from six to no fewer than IO,I62-of whom 2,815 ten people, have been formed. For were admitted (S72 temporarily, and each circle one copy of the magazine 2,243 permanently). Broadly speakwill be prepared, consisting of selec- ing, one child out of three comes tions from the society's recent publi- from London, and two out of three cations, which will be passed from one come from the provinces. In 1910, member to another in a prearranged 1:~8 were deaf and dumb, or blind, or order. Several circles of the blind deformed. or incurable. The Homes have been formed, and others are in emigrated 977 boys and girls to Canprocess of formation. ada in 1910, making a total of 22,6r4

(a figure which has since risen to THE CONTINENT 23,335), of whom over 98 per cent. have turned out successfully. Of A German Missionary Convention the children under the care of the Homes 5,416 are boarded out in rural On the way to his field in China households-4,059 in England, and Rev. Robert E. Chandler had the priv- 1,357 in Canada. During the year ilege, at Dr. Richter's invitation, of the Homes supplied to needy and nec- attending the annual convention of essitous outside children 176,809 free German missionary societies in Halle. meals, and 42,577 free lodgings, as The effect of the Edinburgh Conferwell as 61,855 grants of garments, ence was evident. The Germans are blankets, and boots. From July IS, feeling the influence of students' and 1866, to December 31, 1910, the laymen's movements in England and amount received in gifts reached the America. Three recent events are exenormous total of £4.453,600. ceedingly hopeful: ( I) the German Colonial Council last fall, when lead- The Lads of London ing business men and officials em- phasized the need of promoting a liv- The sixty-sixth annual report of the ing Christianity along with material Central Y. M. C. A. says: "tJpward expansion in German colonies; (2) an of 15,000 lads under seventeen years invitation from the wife of the impeof age start life annually in London, rial chancellor to hold a meeting for removing, not merely from parental missionary addresses in her palace becontrol, but from the happy inter- fore a distinguished company; (3) course of country family life, to the the progress of the Student Missionloneliness of London's indifference." ary Society in the University of Ber- Quite reasonably, the writer proceeds lin. Missionary enthusiasm among to inquire: "Who will deny their perils the student class is not yet great in to growing manhood? The danger of Germany as compared with America; each alone is powerful: their com- yet it is increasing, and missions are bined force well-nigh irresistible. now being pushed in the university as Who will question the value of an big enough to demand the attention institution which provides for the use- of any serious-minded thinker, no ful employment of young men's matter what his doctrines.-Missionleisure, while successfully dispelling ary Herald. the disheartening gloom of their loneliness ?" Aid for Russian Bapti,ts Rescuing Fallen Men At the Philadelphia meeting of the Baptist World Alliance a number of The Cornton Vale Garden Colony, Russian Baptists were introduced who Bridge of Allan, is one of nineteen bore upon their wrists the marks of institutions maintained by the Church the prison chains, and upon their of Scotland, devoted to social and faces the scars left by Cossack whips. rescue work. Its main object is the .Many of them have been prisoners in rescue and permanent saving of men Siberia, or are in danger of being who have fallen on evil days, some- sent there when they returr. to Rustimes through their own follies, some- sia. One man, who was badly beaten times through sheer misfortune. The by the police, has baptized 2,000 conmen learn to work under pleasant con- verts. Another man who has bapditions and Christian influences; and tized 1,500 was forced to work in a at length many of them are found treadmill during his various terms situations at home or in Canada. In of imprisonment. Another has been the colony, the men, some forty or arrested more than 80 times for fifty in number, are occupied on the preaching. The members of the Alland in fine weather, and during wet liance were so moved by the sight of weather they are employed in chop- these men that they contributed $71,- ping wood and other occupations. 000 for the purpose of establishing a

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Baptist seminary in St. Petersburg, of New Guinea. Lakona is spoken in and Dr. Russell H. Conwell and Dr. Danks Islands; and there is besides F. B. Meyer will go to Russia to ask the language of the Santa Cruz the consent of the Czar. Is1ands.-London Christian.

Rev. William Felter, pastor of the MISCELLANEOUS First Russian Baptist church of St. Petersburg, who was a delegate to the The Only Motive Which Avails World Alliance in Philadelphia, and who is the leader of the Baptists in Prof Denny has recently said in the Russia, has been soliciting additional funds in this country for a church British ~Veekly: "The motives to building in St. Petersburg. mission work-in other words, to THE OCEAN WORLD preaching the Gospel-can never be The Maori in New Zealand found in a command as such. A Maori clergyman writes in The East and The· West, on "The Maori It is the passion of Jesus alone that of New Zealand To-day." He says: "We have voung Maori men occupy- evokes· a responsive passion in sinful ing positions in almost all the professional walks of life-doctors, lawyers, hearts. If Christ, the propiclergymen, engineers, etc., all working side by side with their white brothers. tiation, has been revealed to us as The humbler avocations are not neglected. From various parts of the do- the power of God to save, then we minion we hear of farmers, artizans, clerks, dairy farmers, and tradesmen, have something in our hearts that all pursuing their businesses with energy and skill. Ve have ceased to lifts us above the need of commands hear of 'the lazy Maori' whose only home was in the minds of certain in- and makes secondary motives unreal. accurate observers. The work in the Maori mission field is carried on al- The only motives worth considering most entirely by the young Maori c1ergymen and lay-readers." in this reg-ion are the irresistible mo- The Languages of Melanesia tives. We get nothing until we get For the scattered islands of Oceania men who say, 'We can not but speak. the British and Foreign Bible Society has already provided versions of some Necessity is laid upon us. We are part at least of the Bible in sixty-three different languages and dialects. Mr. debtors. Whether we be beside our- Sidney H. Ray is compiling a valuable list of the languages of Oceania in selves, it is to God; or whether we which no complete book of the Bible has yet been issued. He gives the be sober, it is for your cause; for the following list for Melanesia; and notes that Christian missionaries are love of Christ constraineth us. Havalready working among the peoples and tribes who speak these tongues: ing, therefore, obtained help bf God, Fagani, Rumatari, Ma1au, Nggao, and Kid, are spoken in the Solomon I continue unto this day, witnessing Islands. Ubiri, Maisin, Binande1e, Bongu, and Bokadjim are languages both to small and great.'"

Do You Keep Books?

The Reformed Church Messenger, under the heading, "Keeping Books," refers to a matter that concerns all Christians: "'Do you keep books 7' asked a minister of a young man.

"'Why, certainly, I keep books. Everv business man does that.'

" 'What I mean,' said the minister, 'do you keep books in your business with the Lord 7 Do you keep an ac- count, for instance, of the money you spend on the church here at home, and of the money you give for the Lord's work among others; in mis- sions, for instance, in our own land and in sending the Gospel around the world?'

"'No, I do not. I never thought of it,' said the young man.

"But the conversation set him to his grave one hundred and ninetythinking. He now keeps books with two years, but the society, which bears the Lord. He has done so for many his name, still lives, and recently celeyears. He knows to a dollar how brated its two hundredth birthday anmuch he invests in the affairs of the niversary. By the end of 1909, 8,000,- kingdom." 000 Bibles had been issued.

Another Radical Difference General Booth'. Secret Surely it is no accidental thing that J. VVilbur Chapman has recently practically all the starving die in the said: "Vhen I was in London I relands where Christ's influence has ceived word that if I was at the not gone. VVe have looked out on Salvation Army headquarters at ten great Hindu famines, we have looked 0'clock sharp, I might meet General on great Buddhist famines, we have Booth. I hurriedly made my way looked on great Confucian famines, there, for he was to leave for the we have looked out on great Mo- Continent in a very few minutes. hammedan famines; we have not VVhen I looked into his face and saw looked out on any great Christian fam- him brush back his hair from his ines; for wherever his influence brow, heard him speak of the trials has gone, even on the plane of the and conflicts and the victories, I said: common necessities of human life, 'General Booth, tell me what has been Jesus Christ is sufficient for the the secret of your success all the way through.' He hesitated a second, and needs of all men.-RoBERT E. SPEER. I saw the tears come into his eyes and steal down his cheeks, and then he A Self-imposed Income Tax said: 'I will tell you the secret. God has had all there was of me. There A novel plan has been devised in have been men with greater brains a Presbyterian church in Milwaukee, than I, men with greater opportuand that is the adoption of a self- nities, but from the day I got the poor imposed income tax for the church. of London on my heart, and a vision The agreement among members of the congregation is that all those having of what Tesus Christ could do with the an income of $1,000 or less will pay two per cent. to the church. Those poor of "London, I made up my mind who have larger salaries pay a larger that God would have all of VVilliam percentage. On an income of $3,000 Booth there was. And if there is anyand over the rate is five per cent. This thing of power in the Salvation Army payment is in full, and from those to-day, it is because God has all the who pay it no other contribution is adoration of my heart, all the power asked.–Baltimore Sun. of my will, and all the influence of my life.' " The Outcome of a Single Life Gave First Hi. Money Then Himself VVhat may sometimes be accomplished through the efforts of one A business man of wealth, not man is illustrated by the case of a Ger- a professing Christian, attended man named Karl von Canstein. In a laymen's meeting with a friend, 1710 he established a little society for and was interested in the addistributing Bibles among the poor. dress of a missionary. He asked Its aim was to sell the New Testament how much salary the speaker received, for two pennies and the Bible for six. and was told $600. He thought a man Shortly afterward an urgent appeal of that ability could easily make thouwas made to Christians for money to sands in New York. Finally, the busiestablish a printing plant, which ness man decided that he would like brought in I 1,000 thalers, equivalent to invest in a missionary in China, and to $7,920. The first edition was with that object in view, was intraprinted in 1712. Canstein has been in

duced to the secretary of a foreign The Motive for Missions board. He asked how much salary he ought to pay for a good man, and was The one motive that makes any told $r,ooo. He assented. But the other effective, and endures where secretary informed him that in the others grow weak, is love for the present state of its funds, the society Lord Jesus Christ and the loving could not put a new man in the field, purpose to obey His word of com- even if his salary was paid, because mission. Nothing less than this is at least a thousand dollars more was sufficient to sustain for long periods required for outfit and traveling ex- the Christian's missionary enthusipenses. "All right," says the business asm. The enthusiasm generated in man, "I agree." "But," said the sec- a great convention, or by striking .retary, "the man must have a place to and thrilling address, often prompts live in, as well as to work in." "How ~enerous giving. But the glow of much would that take?" "Not less It fades, and steady principle must than two thousand dollars more." be relied upon to keep in action the "Very well," was the response, "get impulses started in enthusiasm. the man." There was still another count, however, and the outcome was Self-sustaining Missions that $5,000 would be the total needed to keep the competent missionary in D~. J o~iah Strong .ha~ been sugthe field. Still the business man said gestmg, m the H o111tleftc Review, a all right; and then, as the secretary form of foreign missionary work that was expressing his delight, said, "But seems sensible. He proposes that I am a business man, and I don't do young men of Christian faith and my business in this way. Draw up .a character shall go abroad, in the emcontract, make it five thousand a year ploy of commercial houses doing the for thirty years, and I will sign it, so or?inary work of such employees, but that I or my estate shall maintain that uSing all the opportunities they may work." This was done, but it was only have for getting into personal touch the beginning of the story. The man desired to see the missionary selected 'Yith the people, and talking and as his substitute in China; and, as the outcome of it all, gave his heart to the lrv~ng C~ristianity in such personal re- Savior for the rest of his days. latIOnshIps. Dr. Strong believes that ~uch a t;Jethod of missionary endeavor IS p:actJcal, practicable, and would be effiCIent.

OBITUARY NOTES Begin at Once Dr. John B. Devins A young man who had heard the Rev. John Bancroft Devins, D.D., Gospel accepted Christ. A little while the editor of the New York Observer after this he was asked: "What have died suddenly at his home in Brook~ you done for Christ since you be- lyn, N. Y., on August 26th. He had lieved ?" He replied: "Oh, I am a long played a large and successful learner 1" "Well," said the questioner, part in many of the Christian ac- "when you light a candle, do you light tivities of the Presbyterian Church it to make the candle more comfort- and in New York. able, or that it may give light?" He replied: "To give light." He was As an editor, Dr. Devins contria»ked; "Do you expect it to give light buted much to the religious thought after it is half-burned or when you of the day, and was the advocate of first light it?" He replied: "As soon every movement that made for the as I light it." ''Very well," was the development and power of the rereply, "go thou and do likewise. Be- ligion of Jesus Christ. As an author gin at once."-Bible Society Glean- his books of travel, written after ings. personal experiences in the lands and SCenes he described in them are not only attractive, but instructive and suggestive in a high degree. As a living mis.sionaries. Dr. McGilvary philanthropist the largeness of his was born 111 North Carolina, on May hea:t and the keenness of his thought, 16, 1828. .

e~nched by many years' experience p~. McGilvary was appointed a With the poor and needy, gave his ml~slOnary to Siam by the Presbywork for them, an influence and value tenan Church in the U. S. A., on not often found even am.ong those September 14, 1857. He arrived on who sincerely desire and strive to t~e field on June serve their fellowmen. t111ued in mission s2e0r,vi1c8e58i~ and con- the Laos Dr. George Robson, of Scotland field to the day of his deatlr. A few n~onths ago he completed his auto- One of the most efficient and de- ?lOgraphy, and the manuscript is now voted members of the Business Com- 111 the hands of the printer. mittee of the Edinburgh Conference last June was Rev. George Robson, In his autobiography he states that D.D., who passed away in Edin- during his short pastorate he learned burgh on August 2d. He was the itht eisvcaalluleedouf ppoansttohrealmviisssiitoantiofni~ldorthaes editor of The Missionary Record of value of itineration. Even when 'past the United Free Church of Scotland, and was one of God's noble men in seventy years of age. he easily ranked missionary work. It was largely his among the great itinerating missionlabor as chairman of the Business aries of the world.

Committee of the World Missionary Bishop Flickinger Conference that broke down his health and hastened his death. No Bishop Daniel Kumler Flickinger, man was more active in the preliminary arrangements for the confer- 87 years old, died in Columbus, 0., ence, and no one contributed more to its spirit of unity and faith. Dr. from a heart stroke, on August 29th. Robson was in his sixty-ninth year, and had filled important pastorates at Bishop Flickinger was one of the Inverness and Perth in the United Presbyterian Church before he be- most noted United Brethren divines came editor of the missionary publications of his church, and after the and authors in the country. He lived union took charge of the magazine of the United Free Church. Dr. in Indianapolis. Among the books Robson was known and trusted and loved for his noble spirit, his ability, of which he was the author are "Offand his devotion to the cause of hand Sketches TiwnenAtyf-rsicia~" sermons "Ethopia; or. Years of Missionary Life in VVestern Africa"

"The Church's Marching Orders" add "Our Missionary Work from 1853 to 1889." For many years he was a member of the 1Jnited Brethren Mis- sionary Board.

Christ in mission lands. Three of The Rev. John Hall, of Japan his children were also given to the missionary canse. He was a member Rev. John Hall, aged 35, a native of the Continuation Committee of of Washington, Fa., died from inthe World Missionary Conference, juries received on August I5th, when but on account of ill health was not the Asama Yema volcano in Japan able to attend its recent meeting at suddenly erupted. Auckland Castle. We need more snch men as Dr. Robson proved him- Mr. Hall was a missionary of the Presbyterian Church on the Island of self to be. Hondo. He spent his childhood in Japan, and later returned to America Rev. Daniel McGilvary, D.D. of Laos to complete a course of study. He The death of Rev. Daniel McGil- had been a missionary in Japan for vary, D.D., on August 22nd is a about ten years. His father and uncle great loss to the mission in Northern have been missionaries for nearly Siam, and removes one of the oldest half a century.

THE MISSIONARY

THE GROWTH OF TIlE MISSIONARY CONCEPT. for. This has now been issued in a revised, enlarged and improved form By Dr. John F. Goucher. 12mo, 202 as a result of the work done by mem- pp. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, bers of Commission I of the Edin- New York, 1911. burgh Conference. The present atlas contains all the excellent features of These are logical, convincing lec- its predecessor-fine, clear, colored tures by a man who is qualified to maps showing the location of all Protspeak from first-hand knowledge as estant mission stations. A complete to the basis and progress of mission- list of all Protestant missionary soary work. Dr. Goucher takes as his cieties, detailed statistics of societies key-note the propositions, "Christ laboring in each non-Christian country, alone can save this world, but Christ and a list of all mission stations with can not save this world alone." He the Christian activities in each; but discusses first, the apparently impos- this new atlas contains, in addition to sible tasks of saving the world, then greater accuracy and fulness in grol:1nd proceeds to the improbable, as seen in covered in its predecessor, a political the small likelihood of Africans and chart of the world, more detailed in- Asiatics listening to the Gospel; then formation as to the missionary sohe points out the imperative c.all to cieties (64 pages in place of 8 pages)" give the heathen the opportumty to more complete statistical tables (42 hear' next comes the indispensable, in place of"I3 pages), and five addithe Gospel as essential to salvation tional pages of maps. and, and finally the inevitable as seen in the certainty of Christ's final vic- The new atlas is also an improvetory. ment on the edition issued at the Edin- burgh Conference, since it contains not Doctor Goucher has filled his book only maps and statistics showing the not only with logic and good Chris- missionary activity of the Roman tian philosophy, but with striking Catholic and Greek Churches, but has facts and interesting anecdotes. It IS also the facts in regard to Protestant a book of great value to ministers and work in Roman Catholic countries. all who wish to strengthen their own position and to bring conviction to the There are few, if any, points to critminds of others. icize in this masterly work of master- workmen. We have discovered only THE WORLD ATLAS OF CHRISTIAN MISS,IONS. one or two omissions, arid these of little importance. The errors of the Edited by James S. Dennis, D.D., first atlas in the location and other Harlan P. Beach, M,A., and Charles facts about mission stations have been H. Fahs. Maps by John G. Bartholo- corrected, and anyone interested can mew. Folio. 172 pp. $4.00. Student now not only discover the number, V olunteer Movement, New York, sphere of work, income and results of 1911. all the Protestant missionary societies of the world, but can see at a glance When Professor Beach issued his the amount of Christian work done Geography and Atlas of Protestant in each country and the amount and Missions in 1903, he placed all the character of th~ work in each mission Christians of the English-speaking station. world under an immense debt. The amount of information as to the ex- As we examine this atlas we are tent and character of Protestant for- struck with the comparatively small eign missions, made available in those number of Christian converts and at two volumes, was immense, and the the same time with the wide extent labor involved in the collection, ar- of Christian effort. There are still rangement and recording of the facts unoccupied fields, but they are for the can be appreciated by no one who has most part in thinly populated districts. not attempted such work. Unfortu- The main centers are occupied in natelv and fortunately, for the work docs' not stand still, that first atlas is now out of date and another was called every part of the globe. Weare also KOREA: THE HERMIT NATION. By William imprest with the truth, that while maps, figures and facts give much val- Elliot Griffis, L.H.D. Ninth Edition uable information, they do not, and revised and enlarged. With a ne"; can not, tell the whole story or any chapter on "Chosen: A Province of large part of it. They do not reveal the character and influence of the con- Japan," bringing down the history to verts, the spiritual forces at work, or 1911. Illustrated, 8vo. $2.50. Charles the blessing that accompanies the Scribner's Sons, New York, 1911. workers. THE HAPPIEST GIRL IN KOREA. And Other The contrasts with some of the facts Stories from the Land of Morning given in the first edition show the progress in the eight years that have Calm. By Minerva L. Guthapfel. Ilelapsed. There are now 1,100 more lustrated, 12mo, 106 pp. 60 cents, net. ordained missionaries in the field, and a total of nearly 5,000 more of both Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, sexes. Native helpers have increased 1911. 33 per cent., or by over 27,000, and native communicants have nearly CHRISTIAN BELIEVES AND WHY. By C. F. doubled. The Protestant Christians have now 21,307 foreign missionaries Hunter, B.A. 2s. Marshall Bros., and 6,837,736 adherents. It is impos- London, 1911. sible to compute Roman and Greek Catholic activity and results on the AN INTERPRETATION OF INDIA'S RELIGIOUS same basis, as there are no full and reliable statistics. HISTORY. By Robert A. Hume, D.D. With introduction by Henry Church- Every intelligent Christian should ill King, D.D., LL.D. 12mo, 224 pp. possess and study this atlas of the $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., Kingdom. New York, 1911.

NEW BOOKS MIRACLES. By Rev. Canon Weitbrecht, TURKESTAN: "THE HEART OF ASIA." By D.D. Price, 1 anna. Christian Litera- William Eleroy Curtis. Illustrated, ture Society, Madras, India, 1911. 12mo, 344 pp. $2.00, net. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1911. "FISHIN' FER MEN: OR, "THE REDEMSHUN OF JERICHO KORT HOUSE." By Timothy AMONG INDIAN RAJAHS AND RYOTs. A Stand. By Joseph Clark. Illustrated, Civil Servant's Recollections and Im- $1.00, net. Eaton & Mains, New York, pressions of thirty-seven years in the 1911. Central Provinces and Bengal. By Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser, KC.S.I., THE GROWING GENERATION. By Barclay M.A., LL.D., Litt.D., Ex-Lieutenant- Governor of Bengal. Illustrated. 18s. Baron. Is., net. Student Christian net. Seeley & Co., London, 1911. LMaonvee, mWen. tc, ., London, 93 Chancery INDIA AWAKENING. By Sherwood Eddy. 1911. Illustrated, 12mo, 273 pp. Missionary Education Movement of the United THE VOCATION OF SCOTLAND. By Rev. States and Canada, New York, 1911. Professor Cairns. 6d., net, Student Christian Movement, London, 1911. CHINA'S STORY IN MYTH, LEGEND, ART, AND ANNALS. By William Elliot Griffis, THE CHRISTIAN PRACTISE OF PRAYER. By L.H.D. Illustrated, 12mo. $1.25, net; Kenneth E. Kirk. Student Christian postpaid, $1.37. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Movement, London, 1911. Boston, 1911. THE MISSIONARY PROBLEM AND THE DENIAL THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. Being OF CHRIST IN CHRISTENDOM. By Mal- "The Christian Movement in China," colm Spencer. Pamphlet, 20 pp. Stu- 1911. Edited by D. MacGillivray, dent Christian Movement, London, M.A., D.D. 12mo, 466 pp. Paper 1911. covers, $1.50; cloth boards, $2.00. Manager, C. L. S. Books Dept., C444 THE STUDY OF THE WILL OF GOD FOR MOD- Honan Road, Shanghai, China, 1911. ERN LIFE. By Malcolm Spencer. Stu- dent Christian Movement, London, 1911.

BEST THINGS IN AMERICA. By Katharine R. Crowell. Illustrated, 16mo, 96 pp. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York 1911. '

THE KING's DAUGHTER AND OTHER STORIES FOR GIRLS. "Words Fitly Spoken."

Every Story Contains an Important Lesson. Illustrated, 12mo, 224 pp.

Southern Publishing Association, Nashville, Tenn., 1911.

TIGER AND TOM AND OTHER STORIES FOR Boys. Illustrated, 12mo, 224 pp.

Southern Publishing Ass'n, Nash- ville, Tenn., 1911.

WHAT OF THE CHURCH? By F. Sherman Wallace, M.A., B.D. 16mo, 123 pp., 50 cents, net. Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadelphia, 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1911

R. MOTT, LL.D

Chairman of the Continuation Committee of the Vorld Missionary Conference

g!l{ss{onary CJ?..ev{ew

of the World Published by Funk and Wagnruls Company (Is."8c K. Funk, Pres., A. W. WAgnal1e:, Vice-Pres., Robert 1. Cuddihy, Treas., Rob.;lrt Scott. Sec'7), 44-60 E. 23d St., New York.

VOL. XXXIV. No.9 SEPTEMBER, 1911 VOL. XXIV. No.9 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES~ "YOUNG MEN SHALL SEE VISIONS" shows more zeal than discretion, and in Persia they have failed to estab- The spirit of the age, in the influence )ish a strong, free or righteous govof young men in national and religious ernment. In India the British are too life, has been spreading from the West strongly entrenched to allow the nato the East, so that in practically tionalistic party to show their power every country that has been stagnant or purposes, but the occasional assasor backward in civilization we find an sinations and riots do not augur well. increasingly powerful party of young It is in China, the old, conservative men-young either in age or in energy empire, that there seems to be the – who are seeking to establish a greatest promise 'of progress. There new and progressive order of things. is a more sane spirit and an effort less There is not only the Young Turk for personal gain and more for the adparty, but Young Egypt, Young Per- vancement of the country. There are sia, Young India and Young China. movements toward an adequate sys- These aspirants to leadership see vi- tem of education, and signs of dissions of a transformed nation with satisfaction with merely secular eduthe old regime replaced by a new cation. The need for religious trainorder, in which liberty shall rule and ing is recognized, and the Bible has prosperity shall prevail. Too often, even been spoken of as a source of however, the young party casts aside moral and ethical instruction. The the old foundations without securing young Chinese Christians are also new. They discard the creed and ex- slowly but surely moving toward perience of their predecessors and ex- church unity. pect to astonish the world by evidences of their own wisdom. They The Chinese are a strong race with are also materialistic in their ideals. a strong national consciousness. The unity of the Chinese people is seen The results are not thus far reassur- not only in their physical characterising. In Turkey, the Young Turks tics, but in their mental and spiritual are in power, but they have not yet natures. The national spirit is now proved their aability to rule. Local becoming manifest in the interest in courts are still corrupt, and an ade- national affairs. Wars with Japan quate system of education has not and England have developed patriotbeen introduced. Religious liberty is ism, and comparison with other more still nominal, and woman is uneman- progressive nations have led to a decipated. In Egypt the Young party • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW,. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to these pages.-EDITORS. .

sire for edw,ation and a representative Doctor Tetsujiro Inouye of the Im- parliament. The railways, press, tele- perial University, 'Yriting upon the graph and postal systems are also changes in the religious life in Japan, binding the nation together. The Chi- says: "It is very encouraging to see nese are feeling their strength, and how some young Buddhists are devo- are seeking to lead. The cry is "Chi- ting themselves to the recasting of their na for the Chinese," but it is with a doctrines, while the elder priests still view of showing that China is worthy remain sticking to petrified formaliof confidence. ties. The old stock of doctrines has the ax laid at its root, and its new Here is a great opportunity in all sprouts are beginning to thrive in the of these mission fields. The young new soil. But how to cultivate them people hunger and thirst for modern is the sole question at issue, and natueducation. If Christian education is rally forms a stumbling-block to given them there is hope for the fu- young reformers." Having neither ture; but a godless education can not the requisite knowledge, the moral fail to breed materialism, selfishness character that commands respect, or and ultimate anarchy. experience in the work of the social betterment of society, they are making The signs of promise in the spirit but little progress. of nationalism are 'seen in the altruism that desires the improvement of the One of the strong points of Chrisnation. If the young leaders can tianity is its adaptability to the probe properly influenced by Christian gressive spirit of the nation and its ideals, or rather if they are born anew adaptation to modern life. It has prothrough the Holy Spirit, there is hope duced a number of well-read and enin the visions of the young men.

CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN lightened preachers against numerical "Your missionaries have done good odds of iII-informed priests on the for the morals of our people, but they side of Buddhism. In short, the liv- have done far more for our health and ing quality of Christianity will enable strength as a nation. They come to it to thrive, while the lifelessness of us with doctors and nurses, and hos- Buddhism will render it unabiding.

pitals and schools. Before Perry's The main curent of Japanese thought arrival 2,000,000 infants were born is more favorable to Christianity than every year in Japan, and for lack of to Buddhism. And this explains vir- proper sanitary measures most of them tually why the would-be refo.rmers died. Now, with the hospitals and among the Buddhists are trying heart sanitary and hygienic methods intro- and soul to copy Christianity as much duced by the missionaries, the 2,000,- as possible-but without success.

000 children are born, but they do not "Some Buddhist sects are bold .enough die." So said a Japanese statesman to have adopted Christian hymns in recently to Mr. Melville E. Stone of place of their own, 'Nembutsu,' and the Associated Press. He saw the some Buddhist temples are now used side of the missionary work that he as places for conducting marriage could best appreciate. The spiritual ceremonies after the manner of Chris- side he overlooked because he lacked tian churches."

spiritual discernment. In summing up the influence of

OF THE

Christianity in Japan, Dr. Inazo Ne- Utrecht Missionary Society has found- ed a number of stations, but converts tobe, director of the First Govern- have not been numerous. ment College, Tokyo, says: "The influence of Christianity in reform is In British New Guinea the L. M. S., too well known to need mention. Hos- the S. P. G., and the Australian Wespitals, the training of nurses, the Sal- lyan Mission have gathered about 4,- vation Army, the temperance move- 000 baptized heathen; and in German ment, the rescue and liberation of New Guinea the missionaries of the prostitutes, poor relief, the care of Rhenish Missionary Society and also discharged prisoners-all these activ- of the Neuendettelsau Society have ities for the castaways, which even our been preaching the Gospel since 1886. Govermnent can not do, have been During that quarter of a century the sucessfully done by Christians, and Rhenish missionaries met with conparticularly by missionaries." tinued opposition and indifference, and with very little encouragement, The service of Christian mission- until three or four years ago, when a aries to education, particularly in the little fruit of their faithful labors beearlier days, has been tremendous. gan to appear. The laborers of the Even now that the Government is more Neuendettelsau Missionary Society, in and more covering the field, the work close proximity to them, were favored of the missionaries can not be over- with a richer harvest of souls, tho their shadowed. difficulties also were great. To-day they are able to report 2,668 native One of the greatest obstacles in Christians (1,700 communicants) upon Japan has been to remove prejudice, the twelve stations. The number of and that has been largely accom- European missionaries is 25, to which plished. Now the progress should be should be added 10 assistants and 2 much more rapid, and to those who women, while 18 native workers are have faith in the promises of God, employed. The number of the latter there can be no doubt as to the final will probably increase rapidly, because outcome. two training-schools have been opened. In spite of the fact that the society is THE PROGRESS IN NEW GUINEA burdened with a financial deficit, it expects to enter upon the founding of The island of New Guinea has an new stations in October. It is planned area of more than 300,000 square to enter the interior and bring the miles. Of this the western half is Gospel to the tribes there, which still Dutch territory; the northeastern sec- adhere to cannibalism, and the piotion, together with the adjacent is- neers in that work may well expect lands, belongs to Germany, and is danger and difficulty. Let us pray for called Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, while them! the remaining 90,000 square miles belong to England. The religion of the MODERN SIGNS IN EGYPT people is an animistic paganism, and the island is a hard and dangerous During the last year there have been field for Christian workers. Roman many encouraging signs in the Egyp- Catholic missionaries have entered tian missions, in spite of evidences of some parts of the island, but have made comparatively little progress. In the Dutch part of New Guinea the

fanaticism and opposition to the Gos- books have been sold and distributed pel. this year than ever before. The spirit of unrest leads men to think, inquire, (J) More Christian books have been seek, and obtain new ideas. sold and distributed by the Nile Mis- sion Press than ever before. The Press is greatly in need of new and larger premises. Missionaries to (2) There has been a marked re- Moslems testify to the great help re- vival of religion in Assiut College, ceived from the publications issued by about 150 having been received into the Nile Mission Press. church-membership during the year. In spite (perhaps because of) the PROGRESS AMONG INDIA'S WOMEN warnings to Moslem parents not to send their boys to the mission college, A woman's conference, recently there have been more Moslem students held in Allahabad, India, is a sign of than usual. the great strides that have been made in the past quarter of a century. This (3) A new aggressive Moslem soci- conference was attended by some ety has been formed by Sheik Roshid 5,000 Indian ladies, among whom Rida, editor of EI Minar, to uphold were leading princesses. Among the and extend Islam. The society is topics discust were social and marcalled The Society of Invitation and riage reforms, education for women, Instruction, the plan of which is to literature for the young, etc. One of open a training college for Moslem the prime movers was Kashmiri Devi, preachers in Cairo, and to send them who said that there are a few women out to non-Moslem countries. The in India who (like herself) occasionbrother of the Khedive is patron and ally go to a meeeting where both men honorary president. The reason given and women assemble, but she said: for this movement is the progress of "Those are the people who know and Christian missions. A similar move- think about these things; what we ment is on foot to select El Azhar want is to get the thousands of ignostudents and sem them to Europe for rant women to know and think about training. them, and the only way for that was to have a conference for pardah (4) There are several attempts to ladies." Every paper was submitted reform Islam from within, as was beforehand to a committee, and nothseen in the Egyptian Moslem Con- ing passed that could hurt or wound gress, which, however, refused to rec- any section of the varied assembly, ognize the right of women to religious "so that all might be done with peace education. and love."

The spirit of fanaticism and opposi- AMONG OUTCASTS IN INDIA tion to Christianity has been manifested in Egypt during the past year The Tshamars are among the lowby attacks on the M ushid (organ of est castes in India. The members are the American mission) by the opposi- tanners, shoemakers, harness-makers tion to the Coptic Congress held in and leather workers in general, and as Assiut, and by petty annoyances to they eat the meat of cows and keep which Christian colporteurs and oth- pigs, they are thoroughly despised. er workers are constantly subjected. Tshamars are not allowed to live with Notwithstanding this, more Christian

other people, and must abide in a spe- paganism, worshiping the ancient gods cial quarter of each village. The Brah- Flor and Lavra. Their worship had mans wilI have nothing to do with the really never fully disappeared from Tshamars, and refuse to marry them these districts, but it is now so rapidly or to perform any religious cere- increasing that alarm is being felt by monies among them. Their children local officials. There are now 20,000 are excluded from the schools, and heathen in Wjatka, 4,000 in Perm, and they are much opprest. 11,000 in Vfa, who are members of the tribes of the W otj aks, Tshermisses, To these Tshamars the missionaries Modwines, and Wogules, but to these of the Gossner Missionary Society in must be added those who are officially the valley of the Ganges came as the reported as "having been baptized, but first messengers of the Gospel. They in their religious ideas and ideals seemed willing to listen, partly, per- closely related to the unbaptized." haps, because Christianity seemed to offer a way of escape from the curse Especial attention, however, must of the caste system, partly because be given to the published fact that so Tshamars have always been favorable many of those already baptized are to reformers. A real movement to- returning to the faith of their fathers ward Christianity did not begin until -that is, to heathenism. This return American Methodist missionaries en- is made possible through the edict tered the district of Baxar, about two which proclaimed religious liberty. Its years ago. Soon the first applicants issuance was speedily reported in the for baptism appeared, and such large villages of the Tshermisses and the numbers were baptized that there were Wotjaks, where pagan priests still 600 Christian Tshamars in Baxar lingered. It so hapened that the har- alone within a short time. The mis- vests of the past three years had been sionaries of the Gossner Missionary bad, and these priests at once com- Society also took part in the harvest menced an active propaganda among of souls. The number of their can- the ignorant peasants, telling them that didates for baptism is over 100 in four Lavra and Flor had sent bad harvests villages alone. Signs of the move- as a sign of anger because they and ment toward Christ are now appar- their worship had been neglected.

ent among the Tshamars of ISO vil- Many thousands of peasants ceased to lages within the Gossner Ganges Mis- attend the churches and took to sacri- sion. Many of those who first joined ficing cattle to Lavra and Flor. Serv- the Methodists have gone to the Ger- ices were held in the forest groves man missionaries, who have been at consecrated to those gods. Whole vil- work in the district over 60 years. lages returned to idolatry, and in some cases the peasants forced the ,or- PAGANISM INCREASING IN RUSSIA thodox priests to hang in their church- Paganism is reviving in Russia. Ac- es the hides of cattle which had been cording to official statistics published sacrificed to Lavra and Flor. In the by the Russian Ministry of the Inte- village of Imsol, in the district of Vr- rior, large numbers of the peasantry shum, a heathen feast was attended in the governments of Perm, V fa, and by the total population of eight vil- Wjatka have fallen into a state of lages; while in the village of Ljash

Kukori, in the same district, 2,000 Since the "Los Von Rom" began in persons witnessed the sacrifices. The November, 1898, a little more than police tried to stop the movement, but twelve years ago, the Protestant without avail, because the idolaters Churches have received 60,744; the hide in the large forests. The Min- Old Catholic Church has received 16,- istry has sent out an expert to study 497; and these 77,241 were nearly all the movement thoroughly. from Rome. But these figures do not include the accessions received by THE "LOS VON ROM" MOVEMENT Methodists, Congregationalists, Mo- ravians, and other churches not offi- The year I9IO showed a large in- cially recognized by the Austrian Govcrease in the number of secessions ernment. Nor are adherents included from the Roman Catholic Church to who attend Protestant services regu- Protestantism in Austria, according to larly, but lack the courage to announce the figures published by the Evangel- their conversion publicly, and the ical Church Council in Vienna. The number of these adherents is very total accessions to the Protestant great. Churches amounted to 5,190 (1907, 4,197; 1908, 4,585; 1909, 4,377)· Of NEW EMPHASIS ON PREPARATION these 4,695 came directly from the Church of Rome, while of the rest a One result of the World Missionary considerable proportion came indirect- Conference at Edinburgh is the inly from Rome, haying been confes- creased emphasis on the importance sionless or members of the Old Catho- of special and adequate preparation all lic Church during the interval. The the part of outgoing missionaries. great majority of these conversions A new missionary training school is was reported from German-speaking to be opened in Hartford this autumn districts, but there was a distinct in- in connection with the Hartford Theocrease in number in the Czech dis- logical Seminary. In England a still tricts. In some districts, where it more desirable plan has been adopthad not made much headway hitherto, ed as a result of the conference of the movement gained considerable representatives of missionary sociforce. In Salzbul"g, for instance, 500 eties. It has been decided to form a left ~ome, while there had been only BOARD OF MISSION STUDIES to promote about 1,500 accessions to Protestant- a more careful preparation by misism from 1898 to 1909. Of the 5,190 sionaries and candidates. When on converts 87.6 per cent., or 4,546, the field a missionary's time is so fully joined the Lutheran Church and 12-4 occupied that he can not devote the per cent., or 644, the Reformed necessary time to study of the people, Church. their literature and religion, such as will make his work most effective. It The Old Catholic Church in Aus- is now proposed to form a Board of tria has also had a prosperous year in Missionary Study that will outline 1910, for it reports 1,522 accessions courses for prospective workers in and 2I I decrease, or a total increase various fields. These courses may be of J ,3II, while the accessions num- studied at home or in any school the bered 1,169 in I907; 1,123 in 1908, worker may select. This is a decided and 1,038 in I 909. step in advance.

CONTINUATION COMMITTEE OF THE

MISSIONARY CONFERENCE BY REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D., PHILADELPHIA Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church It will scarcely be denied that the surrounding the Castle! In the early day of supreme interest and also of days of Auckland Castle, the bishops tension in the Edinburgh Conference of Durham were vested with secular of 1910 was Tuesday, June 21, when as well as ecclesiastical power. Anthe subject of "Cooperation and the thony Beck is said to have had Promotion of Unity" was under dis- "twenty-six standard bearers, one huncussion. On that day was born the dred and forty knights, and an army Continuation Committee, commissioned of five thousand foot, and five hunto carry forward the aims and pur- dred horse. When he died he was poses, the convictions, and above all recognized as King of the Isle of the spirit of the Edinburgh World Man, Patriarch of Jerusalem, Bishop Missionary Conference. This com- of Durham, and Prince Palatine." It mittee met immediately after the con- appeals strongly to the imagination to ference, but at that time it could do stand in the great drawing-room of little more than effect organization in the Castle and think of those early a tentative way and outline its work days, when all but royal court was roughly. The recent meeting of the held in this great hall by some of the Committee at Auckland Castle, May lord-bishops whose paintings adorn 16-20, 1911, assumes therefore a pecu- the walls. Bishop Van Mildert was liar interest and unusual importance. the last Count Palatine. The impres- sion made, especially upon an Ameri- Auckland Castle can by these historical associations, The place of meeting well deserves which run back several centuries, special mention. Much of the profit could only be deepened as the Com- and pleasure of the meetings of the mittee gathered morning and evening Committee must be credited to the in the interesting and historic chapel, delightful environment afforded by whose great leather-bound prayer- Auckland Castle, the episcopal home books are dated 1754, while the Bishop of the Bishop of Durham, who so gra- of Durham officiated in morning and ciously entertained the Committee. evening prayers, makj,ng special men- Auckland Castle dates back to the tion of the Committee and its need for thirteenth century, when Bishop An- divine guidance.

thony Bek first selected this site for a The historical associations of Auck- palace of the Bishops of Durham. Its land Castle assume, however, a living massive gateway and crenelated walls and very real interest as well-known leading up to the Castle grounds, its names of former bishops of Durham beautiful lawns and gardens, its weIl- are recalled. Here lived Joseph But- proportioned if irregular buildings, ler (1750-52), author of "The Analo- comprtzmg residence and chapel, gy of Religion, Natural and Revealed."

convey alternating impressions of This, too, was the episcopal home of strength, beauty and historical inter- Bishop Lightfoot (1879-89), and after est. And who can describe the sun- him of Bishop Westcott.

set views overlooking the Wear, or the It was under such delightful cir- beautiful woods of the 8oo-acre park cumstances, in the midst of such rich

historical associations, that the Con- sion that spirit counts for even more tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh than blood. From Great Britain and Conference held its meetings. But the Continent were such representa- that which caused these meetings to tives as Eugene Stock, whose long be characterized by a spirit of sym- years of service in the Church Mis- pathy and of deep spiritual fellowship, sionary Society make him a valuable uniting hearts as well as minds, mak- counsellor; Sir Andrew Fraser, ex- ing the association for a few days Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; Sir potent for the formation of friend- George Macalpine; Dr. Boegner of ships that it would now seem impos- France, whose deep spiritual life is sible to break, was none other than the ever manifest and is always so helpgraciousness and kindness of the Lord ful; Mrs. Creighton, whose two-vol- Bishop of Durham and his wife. To ume biography of Mandell Creighton an American, such a title as Bishop of might bespeak to strangers her posi- – – may only hide a well-known per- tion and ability; Count Moltke, formsonality. To the writer it came as a erly cabinet minister in Denmark; delightful discovery on the night of Bishop Hennig of the Moravian his arrival in the Castle to learn quite Church; Dr. H. T. Hodgkin, the tall accidentally that the Committee's host, and youthful secretary of the Friends' the present Bishop of Durham, was Association, clear in thought and speech, and so winsome in personalnone other than H. C. G. Maule, ity; Dr. Carl Fries; Dr. Wardlaw Thompson, the experienced and sturdy whose Biblical commentaries and de- secretary of the London Missionary votional books are so well known on Society; Dr. Julius Richter, whose both sides of the ocean. How many missionary knowledge is warmed by college men and women owe to these a most genial manner; not to mention books some of the most precious de- many others from both sides of the velopments of their spiritual life 1 It water who contributed richly to the was, therefore, a rare privilege to meeting of the Committee. spend five days in a place which seemed to breathe peace and spiritnal It may be only an impression, but fellowship because of the very person- with every recollection of the meeting alities which claim Auckland Castle there seems to come an increasing as their home.

Personnel of the Committee consciousness of the value of the con- tribution made to the meeting by the Entirely apart from its deliberations Continental representatives. Ham- and its final decisions, the meeting of pered, as they must have been, by the the Continuation Committee possest a difficulty of following discussions car- peculiar interest because of the per- ried on in a foreign language, and sonnel of its membership. At once hampered as they were still more by three main groups of representatives the difficulties of expressing them- became distinguishable-the Britisher, selves in a strange language, they con- the Continental, and the North Ameri- tributed bravely and richly to the con- can. But in spite of national and ra- ferences and helped to determine the cial traits, there was a sense of spir- policies of the Continuation Commit- itual oneness, which gave the impres- tee.

OF THE WORLD MISSIONARY CONFERENCE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE IN CONFERENCE, AUCKLAND CASTLE, ENGLAND, MAY

First Row: Mr. H. W. Smith, Hon. Treas.; J. W. Gunning, Charles R. Watson, D. G. Haussleiter, Silas McBee, Count Moltke, L. Dahle, Karl Fries, Rev. J. Mustakallio, M.A., Dr. T. S. Barbour.

Second Row: Dr. A. Boegner, Rev. L. Norman Tucker, D.C.L., Bishop P. O. Hentlig, Dr. John F. Goucher, Rev. J. N. Ogilvie, Dr. H. T. Hodgkin, Rev. James L. Barton, . D.D~ ~ev. ~. Wardlaw Thompson~ D.D., J. H. Ritson, Sir Georlle W. M~calpine, Rev. Arthur J. Brown, J.D.HD.., F. Wurz . . Th.rd Rou>: Dr. ultus R,chter, Eugene Steck, John R. L.L.D., Mrs. CreIghton, BIshop of Moule, Oldham, " . • .. . • • ., BIshop W. R. Mott, Durham, Mrs. Lam nth. Fo..rlh Row:. • . .. N. W, Rowell, K. C.

But the outstanding personalities of for the more efficient training of mis- the Continuation Committee, it will be sionaries in the languages, religions admitted by all, were two whose prom- and customs of the countries to which inence resulted not from their much they were appointed. It also re- speaking, nor from any obtrusion of ported that a similar Board of Study themselves, but solely from the splen- was in process of formation in did services which they were con- North America. These announcestantly rendering as chairman and' ments were most gratifying, as scarcesecretary of the Continuation Com- ly any report to the Edinburgh Conmittee. We refer to Dr. John R. ference made a deeper impression Mott and Mr. J. H. Oldham. To the than that which dealt with the prepa- ration of missionaries. Without recareful preparations made by the sec- flecting in the least upon the splendid work and the high efficiency of the retary, who seemed to have antici- missionaries of the past, it was felt pated every need and seemed to bring every detail to hand at the precise mo- ment when it was required, and to the that the missionary cause could gain clear-minded presiding of the chair- immediately a strength and power man, must be credited supremely, un- equal to great reenforcements, if der God, the success of the meeting more adequate training and preparaof the Continuation Committee. tion could be secured for new mis- sionaries who are now going out in Of the Committee, which numbers thirty-five members, twenty-eight were increasing numbers. present. All of the ten members of Another subject of the greatest inthe committee from America were terest, which called for prolonged conpresent, as also all of those represent- sideration, was the proposal that a ing the Continent. The Rev. George Robson, D.D., of Edinburgh, and the COMMITTEE, INTERNATIONAL IN CHAR- Bishop of Winchester were prevented from coming by illness. ACTER, should be formed to represent missionary societies in different coun- tries, in matters which relate to DeliberatioDs of the Committee governments. It was discovered, how- ever, that in many countries mission- The first duty of the Committee was ary societies already have an organ- to receive important reports from the ization or agency for united action of nine special committees which had this kind. For this reason it was de- been appointed by it at the meeting cided that, for the present, matters in- held immediately after the conference volving missions and governments be in Edinburgh. taken up by such agencies where these A special committee had been ap- exist. If issues arise where united pointed to bring into existence a Board international action is imperatively of Missionary Studies to cooperate in called for, the Continuation Commit- the direction and promotion of SPE- tee itself is to assume the initiative.

CIAL TRAINING FOR MISSIONARIES in A special committee had been ap- Great Britain. This committee was pointed on the UNOCCUPIED FIELDS OF able to report that action had been THE WORLD, following certain recom- taken by the missionary societies in mendations and findings of Commis- Great Britain to create such a board sion I of the Edinburgh Conference.

COMMITTEE OF THE WORLD MISSIONARY CONFERENCE

During the year that had elapsed since was a proposal which might bring the the committee's appointment, its own Continuation Committee into a still investigations had revealed the fact closer touch with mission boards, misthat a much wider scope properly be- sionaries and leaders of the Church in longed to it, if it was to render its the mission field, than is possible even best service to the missionary enter- by the printed page. So valuable is prise. The discovery of the unoccu- the personal touch in that difficult and pied fields was found to be inseparably delicate task of properly presenting connected with a general survey of all the aims, methods, and work of the mission fields. The committee's name Continuation Committee; so helpful was therefore changed to the Commit- is a personal conference, both in the tee on Missionary Survey and Occupa- giving and the receiving of advice or tion, and the scope of the committee's counsel; so important is the element work was accordingly enlarged. It is of personal sympathy among leaders proposed that the committee gather in- in the great missionary enterprise, formation concerning the occupation of that the Committee felt that these mission fields. It will consider the prep- things could only be accomplished by aration of material for a handbook, the frequent visits of some person or giving the facts relating to missionary persons to the different sections of the occupation and missionary conditions great world field of missions. The generally. It will also enter into com- Committee coveted for this work the munication with organizations in dif- services of Dr. John R. Mott, its ferent mission fields for the promotion chairman, and asked him to consider of thorough and exhaustive surveys whether he could arrange, in an honof missionary conditions and of the orary capacity, to devote a considermissionary occupation of these fields. able portion of his time to this work, acquainting missionaries and native Perhaps the most interesting and leaders with the work and plans of the important action taken by the Com- Continuation Committee and studying mittee was the decision to issue an how missionary bodies on the field and International Review of Missions. the Continuation Committee might be Ever since the Edinburgh Conference brought into the most mutually helpand the organization of the Continua- ful relations. It was seen that such tion Committee, the need has been felt visits would also be of the very greatfor a Review, which would serve as a est value to the investigations of the means of communication between the several special committees. So im- Continuation Committee and that portant a matter naturally required great body of leaders throughout the time for its fullest consideration, and Christian world, who are interested Doctor Mott could only assure the in and should be vitally related to its committee that this question would great work. The proposed Review have his most careful thought, and will be issued quarterly. The Con- that he would announce his decision at tinuation Committee selected Mr. J. a later date. H. Oldham as editor. The special committees on Education, Another matter which engaged the Christian Literature, Training Schools keenest interest of the Committee, as for Missionaries on the Foreign Field, it will of the whole missionary world,

and Uniformity in Statistics were con- almost everyone of the commissions. tinued, and were requested to carry Recently the Lucknow Conference has further their investigations. laid a new emphasis upon it, and now the Continuation Committee has ap- The committee which had been ap- pointed a committee to study the ques- pointed to consider the best means of tion. Still another committee appoint- securing a larger place for missionary ed was one of eminent jurists on the information in the secular press, re- preparati0t:! of a statement of recog- ported that, in their judgment, this nized principles underlying the rela- subject could best be dealt with by dif- tions of missions and governments. ferent countries separately, inasmuch as the conditions in these countries The next meeting of the Committee varied greatly. This committee, there- was fixt for I912, probably during the fore, was discharged, and the matter last week of September. This meet- referred to the missionary organiza- ing is to be held in North America. tions existing in the different countries represented. Dominant Impressions A number of new and important No mere recital of decisions arrived subjects were brought before the Con- at, or of action taken, can possibly tinuation Committee for consideration, convey an adequate idea of the imand several of these questions justified pressiveness of the sessions of' the the appointment of additional special Continuation Committee. Among the committees. A Committee on Cooper- dominant impressions carried away ation and Unity was appointed for the from this meeting are the following: purpose of gathering information with regard to movements in these direc- There was, of course, a renewed and tions taking place on the mission fields. a deeper recognition of the essential It may seem strange that this com- unity of the Christian forces that are mittee was not one of the first to be laboring to carry the Gospel to all the appointed a year ago, but it must be world. This was perhaps the proobserved that in a real sense the en- foundest impression created by the tire Continuation Committee is such a Edinburgh Conference a year ago, but committee. This special committee, it is easy to discredit the sincerity and however, has been found necessary to to question the practical significance collect special information on the sub- of the enthusiasm for unity and coject. Another new committee appoint- operation which characterizes a great ed was that on the Church in the Mis- and popular gathering. When, howsion Field. Yet another was that on ever, a committee is appointed to find Medical Missionary Work. The need ways of giving more perfect expresfor this committee is easily recognized sion to this spirit of cooperation and when we remember what an efficient unity, and when this committee probranch of the missionary c:nterprise ceeds to discuss and initiate in a practhe medical agency is; not so ex- tical way plans which relate to the tensive, yet with problems requiring united interests of the Christian miscareful study for their solution. sionary forces of the world, then skep- ticism vanishes and faith grows strong The importance of the Moslem prob- to believe that with the fulfilment of lem was recognized at Edinburgh by our Lord's last command there may

19II] COMMITTEE OF THE WORLD MISSIONARY CONFERENCE

also come the answer to our Lord's agency for the correlation of worldlast prayer. missionary movements!

A second impression created by the A third impression left by the meetmeeting of the Continuation Commit- ing of the Continuation Committee tee was that of the present-day impor- relates to the essential spiritual chartance of a missionary science and the need for missionary strategy if the acter of the missionary enterprise. Church of Christ is to apply itself ade- Necessarily the meetings of the Comquately to the task of carrying the mittee had much to do with organiza- Gospel to all the world. This impres- tion, plans and methods. Neverthe- sion resulted, in part, from the Com- less, there were extended periods of mittee's survey of the world mission- prayer and there was frequent recogary situation and its recognition of the nition of the Church's supreme need vital relations which the different of a spiritual quickening which will forms and forces of the missionary make its missionary outgoings to be enterprise sustain toward each other. not only more constant and more If the highest results are to be secured, abundant, but also more vital and efthese varying forms of missionary fective. The consciousness of Christ's service and these many forces must be personal leadership in this great entercorrelated, harmonized, unified. The prise was the one and sufficie"nt aspossibility and the importance of de- surance for the ultimate realization of veloping a science of missions was also those objects for which the Committee suggested in part by the unique con- has been appointed. Not in human tributions which representatives from wisdom but in wisdom divine, not in " different sections of Christendom were human agencies but in the Divine able to make to the deliberations of the Agent, not in the arm of flesh but in Committee. The differences in point the Omnipotent One, is to be found of view revealed in conference and the Church's sufficiency for this undiscussion by the American, British finished task. and Continental representatives, of themselves suggested that the truth A final impression to be recorded must be fonnd in the unifying of these has to do with the significance of the differences rather than in any extreme times" in which we live. It can not be position or policy. A missionary denied that there is profound signifipolicy or science which will embody cance in the very existence, for the the best traits of all existing mission- first time in history, of a permanent ary policies can not fail to be nearer committee, which is set to represent, to true strategy than is the case with however inadequately and imperfectly, the present-day policy of any single the whole of Christendom. Neither mission field. What a service may be is it possible to pass in review the rendered to each church or mission political and national movements of board if the Continuation Committee our times, or the industrial, commermay fulfil its appointed task as a cial and social activities of our day, clearing-house of missionary ideas, without experiencing the feeling that methods and policies, and serve as an we are witnessing a conjunction of critical and profoundly significant de- velopments. Vhen to these are added those manifestations of spiritual power

and of religious interest to which mis- sions in the life of the Church must sionaries testify in almost every mis- be the central place, and none other. sion field, there comes a feeling of awe That is what matters. Let people get and wonder, a sobering sense of re- hold of that, and it will tell-it is the sponsibility that we should be permit- merest commonplace to say it-it will ted to live and labor during so event- tell for us at home as it will tell for ful a period of the world's history. those afield. Secure for that thought And there come sublime imaginings as its true place, in our plans, our policy, to whether in the plan of God this may our prayers, and then-why, then, the not be the century in which shall come issue is His, not ours. But it mily true that of which the Archbishop of well be that if that come true, 'there Canterbury spoke a year ago at the be some standing here to-night who opening of the World Missionary Con- shall not taste of death till they see'- ference, when he said: here on earth, in a way we know not now-'the Kingdom of God come with "Be quite sure, it is my single power.' " thought to-night that the place of mis- THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL JEWISH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE BY REV. LOUIS MEYER; D.D.

The International Jewish Mission- of closer and better relations between ary Conference, which met in Stock- Jewish missionary societies, the repholm, Sweden, from June 7th to June resentation of the cause of Jewish 9th, is 40 years old, having assembled missions before the public, the study for the first time in Berlin in April, of new problems arising in the great 1870, in answer to a call from the field of activity of missionaries among Berlin Society for Promoting Chris- the Jews, and the editing of a yeartianity among the Jews. In the be- book of Jewish missions. In its memginning it did not convene at stated bership are represented English, Scotintervals, and the second conference tish, Irish, German, Dutch, Swedish, was held thirteen years later in Ber- Norwegian, Danish, and American lin. The third met in Barmen in societies, so that it is international 1890, the fourth in Leipsic in 1895, and interdenominational in the fuIlthe fifth in Cologne in 1900 and the est sense of the word. Of its yearsixth in London in 1903. During the book of Evangelical Missions to Jews fifth and the sixth conferences steps the first volume was published in were taken which, in 1905, led to 1906. It is soon to be followed by the the organization of the executive second volume. The seventh Confercommittee of the International Jewish ence met in Amsterdam, Holland, in Missionary Conference. Its purposes April, 1906, and the eighth convened and aims are very much like those in Stockholm this year. of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh WorId Missionary Confer- The Personnel of the Conference ence, being, briefly, the furtherance Stockholm is a little to one side, and quite distant from the centers of

I9 Ir ] EIGHTH JEWISH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE

EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL JEWISH MISSIONARY CONFERENCE} STOCKHOLM) SWEDEN, JUNE 7 TO 9, 191f~ Front row from left to right: Missionary Schapiro,· Sweden; Missionary Petrie," Copenhagen; Rev, F. L. Denman (London Jews' Society); :'MissiQnary Gordon, iIo Stockholm; Missionary Wolf," Russia; Missionary Resnick.it Rumania.

Second Row, Seated, from left to right: Rev. Louis 11eyer, D.D.' (Chicago Hebrew Mission); Rev. S. H. Wilkinson (Mildmay Mission, London); Missionary A. Van Os (Netherlands Society fot Israel, Amsterdam); Professor Toem (Danish Society for Israel, Copenhagen) j Bishop von Scheele, D.D.; Professor Strack, D.D. (President Executive Committee); Regierungsrat V. Nentweg (Berlin Jcws' Society; Professor Ihlen (Norwegian Society for Israel, Christiania); Rev. C. T. Lipshytz'

(Barbican :ifission to Jews, London); Pastor Rev. Lindhagcn (Swedish Society for Israel, Stockholm), Standing, between Bishop von Sche~le and Professor Strack, Rev. Marcus Bergmann,* the translator of the Bible into Yiddish; behind Professor Ihlen, M issionary Levertoif,* Warsaw; behind Dr. Meyer, to left, Pastor A . Viegand, Plan, Germany; to the right of Rev. Bergmann, Pastor Schaeffer, Berlin.

Those marked * are fIebreu: Christians; those to whose names are added the names of socielie.r are the 1iU?mbers of the Executive Committe/? (permanent) of the International Jewish Missionary Conference. Almost every person in the picture is an active Christian missionary among the Jews.

Jewish missionary activity, yet the government. The Dutch, Swedish, attendance was good, and very repre- Norwegian, and Danish societies were sentative. Of the leaders of English officially and well represented, while missions, the great London Jews' So- the writer was the only representaciety had sent its excellent and far- tive from the United States (for the sighted secretary, Rev. F. L. Den- Chicago Hebrew Mission and the man, accompanied by two of the Pittsburgh New Covenant Mission), ablest missionaries of the society, the representative of the Norwegian Rev. L. Zeckhausen and Mr. Lever- Lutheran Jewish Missionary Society toff. Rev. S, H. Wilkinson, of the in Minneapolis being delayed upon Mildmay Mission to the Jews, and the ocean and reaching Stockholm Rev. C, T. Lipshytz of the Barbican after the conference had adjourned. Mission to the Jews, both in London, The number of active missionaries in had come personally to represent the attendance waS comparatively large, important work under their care in Sweden and Denmark furnishing natthe general meetings, and in that of maJly the largest contingent. There the executive committee. The great were, however, missionaries from Berlin Jews' Society had sent its mis- Warsaw, Cracow, Berlin, Amsterdam, sionary in Berlin and an official rep- London, Hamburg, Odessa, Budapest, resentative, a high official of the Jassy, etc., who contributed by re-

citals of personal experiences, and Strack and Rev. Denman, of Lonpapers, largely to the success of the don, made brief addresses. On the meetings. evening of the second day a number of simultaneous meetings were held The meetings were presided over in different churches of Stockholm, jointly by the honorary president of and large audiences were addrest in the eighth conference, Bishop Dr. K. behalf of the evangelization of the H. Gez. von Scheel, and the presi- Jews, by delegates and visiting misdent of the executive committee, Pro- sionaries. All other meetings·,~ere fessor H. L. Strack, D.D., of the Uni- held in the Messiah Chapel, located versity .of Berlin. The latter is we:! within the very well-appointed and known as a great Hebrew scholar, is large building of the Swedish Jewish highly esteemed by Jews and Chri,>- Missionary Society, whose able directians on account of his relentless fight tor, Pastor Lindhagen, had made all against prej udice against the Jews, arrangements for the successful conand has been the president of the ference, with the aid of a well-workexecutive committee since 1905 with ing local committee. fine success and good judgment. He has also edited the first volume of the The meetings of the conference Year-book of Jewish Missions. Bishop were well attended throughout, tho von Scheel, a man of magnificent its business was transacted in the appearance, in whose 'blue eyes the German and English languages, the Scandinavian kindness is well mani- former, to our surprize, being more fest, and of great eloquence, using spoken and better understood in the with equal facility his native tongue capital of Sweden than the former. or the English or the German, is The discussions were sometimes properhaps to-day the most prominent longed and lively, but always interchurchman of Sweden. In his doc- esting, helpful, to the point, and kind trinal position he is thoroughly evan- in spirit and utterance. While congelical, and all his utterances show siderable differences of opinion conhis devout regard of the Word of cerning certain matters and methods God. Kind, yet decided, impartial, prevailed, no personal feeling of the and always trying to avoid offense, speakers was manifested. Thus, it Bishop von Scheele led the business was a pleasure throughout to be in o:f the conference with great adroit- attendance. ness, and was ably assisted by Professor Strack, who· is the strictly Since all the papers and addresses logical, German professor, but just as are to be published in the second volkind, and gentle, and impartial as the ume of the Year-book of Jewish Mis- B1Shop. sions, which is to appear in German and English editions, and not, as the The Place and the Meetings first volume, in one .German-English edition, our. readers can convince The opening meeting was held in themselves of their excellence and the great, stately Storkyrkan (pro- helpfulness, and we can limit ournounce Store-chyrkan), or cathedral, selves to the naming of the subwhere professor of theology Ad. Kol- jects and to a brief review of a few. modin, of Upsala University, preached a magnificent sermon, and Professor The subjects discust and the speak-

JEWISH MISSIONARY

ers were: "The Jews and the Second lengthy, spirited, but appreciative dis- Advent of the Lord," two fJapers by Rev. Denman and Rev. Wilkinson, cussion, which revealed the multitude both of London; "The Jews of the Old Testament," two papers by Pro- and the magnitUde of these obstacles. fessor H. L. Strack, D.p., and by Pastor Philip Gordon of Stockholm; All speakers, however, agreed that "The Influence of Christianity Over. the Intellectual World, .the Cultur.e only prayer, believing and earnest and the Worship. of the .Je'Ys," by Rev.. Bieling, until recently director prayer, for the Jews, and increasing of the Berli~ Jews' Society.; "The Obstacles in the Way of Reception true Christian love to them can overand Acceptance of Christianity by the Jews, and Vays to Overcome Them," come these .obstacles. joint paper by Messrs. van Os and Korff, p£ Amsterdam, Holland; "Jew- The papers on. "New Problems in ish Missionary Literature," by Rev. A. Lukyn Williams, D.D., of London; Jewish Work" called attention to the "New Problems in Jewish Work in America, Russia, Turkey, and the greatness .of the task-before the Balkan Countries," four papers, in the above order, by the writer, Mission- church, and to the wpnderful opporary P. Levertoff, of Warsaw, Rev. Weinberger, of Constantinople, and tunities of the present hour. The Rev. Adeney, of Bucharest; and "Ebionitism in Jewish Missions," two pa- writer showed that the new probpers, by Pastor Rev. Lindhagen, of Stockholm, and Director C. T. Lip- lems in the United States arise from shytz, of London. the tremendous influx of Jewish im- All papers were good and helpful, but some were of lasting value and of migrants and their settlement in disgreat importance. That of Rev. A. Lukyn Williams, on "Jewish Mission- tinct districts of certain cities, from ary Literature," will be enlarged, and a bibliography of the valuable books the amazing increase of Jewish inand tracts having been added, probably be published separately by the fluence and power, and, last, but not executive committee of the conference. Thus, a long-felt need will be least, from the sorrowful decay of satisfied, we hope, soon. religious life among American Jews Obstacles and Problems in general, while increasing influ- The paper on "Obstacles in the ¥lay of Reception and Acceptance of ence of liberal theology in the church Christianity by the Jews" caused and resulting indifference of Chris- tians toward the people of the Book are a problem of no small importance to Jewish missions. • Mr. Levertoff, whom we consider one of the ablest Hebrew scholars of the present day, spoke of "New Problems in Jewish Work in Russia,"

basing his address, and rightly, upon his personal experiences in the great Jewish center, Warsaw, where he labors with much success. He showed the peculiar movement among Rus- sian Jews, especially among students, many of whom ask for baptism, and are later baptized. Primarily, they find only ideals in Christianity, which they fail to discover in Judaism, so that their position toward Christ is not correct and their doctrine is not exact, but they offer a wonderful opportunity for better instruction to

the missionary. Others of these stu- In the Balkan countries, whose new dents are full of enthusiasm for Jesus, problems were discust by Rev. Ade- but are bitterly opposed to any ney, of Bucharest, the old barriers thought of accepting Christianity. which kept the mISSIonary frorn They, as well as those applying for reaching the Jews, who are mainly baptism, mostly have never been in Sephardim, i.e., descendants of the direct touch with missionaries, but Jews driven out from Spain in 1492, have either read the New Testament are breaking down, and assimilation and Christian tracts, or have been in- has commenced, especially among bet- fluenced by Jewish articles in Jewish ter classes. Old people still cling papers which dealt with Jesus and tenaciously to the externals of their with Christianity. Such articles are religion, but almost complete indiffer- very numerous in the Jewish press ence to religion prevails among the of late years, and their publication younger generation of Jews in Bul- reveals the remarkable change of the garia, Servia, Rumania, and the Jewish attitude. Jewish writers have Austrian provinces of Bosnia, Herze- called attention to the danger (i.e., govina, Novi-Bazar, and Dalmatia. In from their point of view), of these Bulgaria the Bulgarian Protestant articles. The great problem of the Church is arising and influencing the day in Russia, as perhaps in all other Jews somewhat. In Servia, and in Jewish missionary fields, is the break- all other Balkan countries, Jews are ing away of the younger generation inClined to send their children to the from the traditions of the fathers and higher school of the State, or to the their turning to Nationalism, to So- well-equipped schools of the Roman cialism, or to Freethought. Rev. Catholic propaganda, where they Weinberger, of Constantinople, III learn the languages necessary for discussing "New Problems in Jewish their international trade relations, and M)ssions in Turkey," stated that the are naturally influenced otherwise recent political changes had been also. The chief problem, however, is steps in the right direction, and must the lack of Christian literature in have good results. He showed that languages suitable for most of these to-day the adherents of the different Jews (Bulgarian, Servian, Croatian), religions in Turkey, viz., Mohamme- . and the great difficulty of reaching danism, Christianity, and Judaism, them, because only Bulgaria permits are on a friendlier footing than be- religious propa~nda freely, and has fore, so that the Jew, who formerly no censorship of literature, tho Servia was totally indifferent to the religion permits short missionary trips by non- of his neighbors, now has begun to resident colporteurs and missionaries.

investigate it. At the same time, the The papers on "Ebionitism in J ew- New Constitution has made the Turk- ish Missions" referred to the present ish Jew more independent, while movement of Hebrew and Gentile Zionism has awakened Jewish na- Christians toward the reorganization tional consciousness to a remarkable of a Hebrew Christian Church with degree, so that opposition to mission- the continuation of circumcision, of ary effort is perhaps more marked the Jewish Sabbath, of the Jewish than before. feasts, and of the Jewish ceremonial

EIGHTH JEWISH MISSIONARY

law, as national signs. A protest Missionary Conference, and the prohad been published before the con- test was now endorsed by the memference by two Hebrew Christians, bers of the conference. The conferthe son of a third Hebrew Christian, ence then acknowledged that Jewish and twenty-one Gentile Christians, missions had received fair treatment against the application of the name by Commission I, and that the spe- Ebionites to the followers of what cial meeting in their behalf, held in is called National Hebrew Chris- Synvd Hall, had done much good, but tianity. We agree that the name it earnestly protested against the over- Ebionites is at least misleading, if sight of the other eight commissions not wrong altogether, as far as they whose printed reports make no referare concerned, but we do not think it ence to Jewish missions, except that wise to protest against the proceed- in the bibliography of missions a limings of an international conference ited number of books referring to the before its meeting, and against its pa- subject are mentioned. pers before they are read. The paper by Pastor Lindhagen defended the Most vigorously, however, the conmovement ably, while that of Director ference protested against the leaving Lipshytz took the stand against it in out of Modern Judaism from the a not less able manner. Lack of report of Commission IV, which deals time forbade a discussion, but Pro- with non-Christian religions. It affessor Strack officially, as president, firmed that "Modern J l1daism, like declared, without contradiction, that Mohammedanism, to some extent, the conference was not favorable to may acimowleage through some of a Hebrew Christian Church, and the its representative teachers that Jesus continuation of Jewish feasts and was a good and great man, a brilceremonies, and of the Jewish Sab- liant Jew, whose example should be bath, even as national memorials, by followed by Jew and Gentile, but as Hebrew Christians. The conferences a religion it does not know the Lord of 1890, (III), of 1895, (IV), and Jesus Christ, and in its creed (or of 1900 (VI), had dealt with the creeds), it stands directly opposed to same subject, and had not been in the fundamental principles of true, favor of what is called to-day the He- scriptural Christianity. . . Modern brew Christian National Movement. Judaism should be classed among non-Christian religions, because it de- The Conference and the World Mission- nies the deity of the Lord Jesus ary Conference in Edinbur&h Christ, even tho it may agree with the first article of the Apostles' The Conference spent its closing Creed." hour in adopting a resolution of protest against the attitude of the Edin- The conference adopted the proburgh W orId Missionary Conference test with unanimity and great enthutoward Jewish missions. Its execu- siasm and applause, and then was tive committee, already on May 30, closed with a spiritual address by 1910, had protested earnestly against Bishop Scheele. It was a blessing to the insufficient consideration of the its members, and visitors, and must subject of Jewish missions by the bring blessing to the cause of Christ program committee of the World among the Jews.

FAR IS JAPAN EVANGELIZED?

BY REV. H. V. S. PEEKE, SAGA, JAPAN Missionary of the Reformed Church in America, 1888 There is no question but that the this, we must recognize the fact that evangelistic work begun in Japan a in view of the over 50,000,000 of the little over fifty years ago has been suc- population of Japan, and the condi- cessful. There are now more than tions that prevail in the empire, the over 60,000 Protestant Christians, call to American Christians to put most of whom are connected w,ith forth their best efforts for its complete churches whose affairs are directed evangelization is as imperative to- solely by Japanese. There is a Japa- day as it was fifty years ago.

nese religious press whose able con- Many are so struck with admiration tributors are wholly Japanese, and a for the martial, commercial and edu- large amount of money is contributed cational progress of the empire that yearly by Japanese Christians and dis- solicitude for its spiritual condition bursed solely by themselves, in whole seems to be lulled to repose. Some or part payment of local church ex- are so captivated by the vigorous penses or in carrying on the work of health of the compact, well-organized Japanese missionary societies. There and active denominational nuclei, that is much of this Christianity of such a they are ready to withdraw assistance liberal type that it hardly deserves the from the Japan work, quite oblivious name of Christianity at all, some of of the fact that even the best organi- it is merely nominal, but the far zation can only do effective work up greater part of it is founded on devout to the limit of its financial and spiri- and systematic study of the Bible, and tual powers, and that the most of the is of as high an order as the Chris- church's resources and energy must tianity in the world at large. be absorbed in its own nourishment The work of evangelism in Japan and development, leaving probably has certainly been successful-as far two-thirds of Japan's many millions as it has gone. The question of how to wait generations for the day of their far this evangelism has gone is most redemption unless foreign evangeli- important, yet, unfortunately, its im- zing energy continues and increases its portance does not seem to stand forth efforts.

to the eye of students of foreign mis- A residence of more than 2I years sions as it ought. The success already in Japan, the greater part of the time attained bids fair to be a stumbling- . spent in tonring and preaching in the block in the way of the far greater Island of Kyushu, has led me to be success that is possible, and of the deeply conscious of the lack of in- present imperative need. terest for the unevangelized millions In addition to the organized work in Japan, and I am imprest with the which can be tabulated, there has been fact that the condition which prevails a wide diffusion of Christian knowl- among the rural population of Japan edge and Christian sentiment whose should be more deeply realized by total amount can be only vaguely es- the Christians at home. This, by far timated, and a wide diffusion of the the larger part of the Japanese Japanese and English translations of . people, is as yet waiting for the good the Scriptures, far wider than most news.

people know. But, allowing for all The term ev~ngelism means more than sounding of the glad tidings. those wh~ are to give the gospel. The proclamation of the evangel, if How can a man be said to have a it is to answer at all to the Great fair chance to hear the gospel if he Commission, "Go ye into all the can not do so without undertaking a world and preach the gospel," must considerable journey by some means take into consideration the character of conveyance? Within reasonable and previous condition of the hearer, limits the gospel is to be carried to his sum total of ideas, his inclina- people's doors. Even trade, with its tions and his prejudices. To every evident appeal to interest, finds itself man the good news must be brought obliged to go to the people, perhaps in comprehensible form, and per- solicit individually, or at least make sistently held out before him till he it very easy for purchasers to know is used to it, till he understands its wares and select. It can never what is meant by it, and what its be much different with a commodity acceptance or rejection would mean like the gospel, which, however great for him, and till he can on reflection its real value, can not readily make finally determine what he will do with its worth .outwardly evident. Anythe offer of salvation which the gos- thing approaching complete evangelpel makes to him in exchange for ism insists that it shall be impossible the surrender of his will and affec- for a youth to grow to manhood, tions to the Lord Jesus Christ. without knowing that there is a gos- pel, and what its distinguishing claims This is a high ideal of evangelism, are, and without having been brought but none too high. We are not ready into contact with it in such a way to admit that evangelism as thus un- that he has been obliged to accept derstood encroaches on the sphere of it or reject it. the local church, already gathered and organized, and its special local prob- The Unevangelized lem of evangelism. The evangelism contemplated in this article has its field An examination of statistics is Useof exploitation rather beyond and out- ful as far as the 63 cities (shi), with side of the church, whether geograph- populations running from 20,000 to ically or socially considered. over a million, or the 1,000 towns (cha), with populations of from 10,- Bringing the gospel to people and oao to 20,000 is concerned; but we persistently holding it out for their are baffled when we come to the 13,- acceptance requires proximity. The 000 townships (son). For, while the trunk line of railroad between Moji "country" is comprized in these latter, and Nagasaki in Kyushu is a little considerable of the population is over I60 miles long. There are 45 found in villages with populations stations in alI, and including the ter- running up into the thousands, whose minals there are only six places on the exact number of inhabitants, excluline that have resident evangelists. sive of the surrounding country dis- From this an estimate can be made, tricts, it is impossible to ascertain. To rough, to be sure, of how· much gain a rough estimate of the popUlaproximity there is in one part of tion that might properly be called Kytishu, the most developed part, be- country, we invited the opinions of a tween those who are to receive arid number of persons of different prefec-

tures as to the proportion of the some cases almost as unintelligible population in a given prefecture liv- to a Japanese evangelist as to a ing outside the cities (shi), the towns foreign missionary. Access to these (ch6 ), and villages of 2,000 or more is in many cases rendered difficult inhabitants. To put it another way, on account of the absence of good we have counted as "country" all hoteis, or even hotels at all, and on persons living in towns of 2,000 or account of the lack of good roads. less, and in the country-side. The problem of country evangel- Widely divergent replies were re- ism is how to bring the knowledge of ceived, but a little careful thought the fact that God is our Heavenly would generally lead to the conclu- Father and Jesus Christ our Master sion that, in the prefectures with few large cities and towns', as much as and Savior, to some forty millions 80 per cent. could properly be called of the least favored and least acces- "country." In a very few prefec- sible part of the Japanese nation, so tures this might drop to 50 per cent., that they may understand the statebut in almost all would amount to ment, and be moved to give it intelmore than 60 per cent. The writer ligent consideration. We will enhas no doubt that in the empire as deavor to give an idea of the extent a whole, fully 75 per cent. of the of the present attempt to solve the population lives in scattered hamlets problem, of the obligation to solve of 3,000 inhabitants or less. A J apa- it, and of the opportunity. nese town of 3,000 is a very different proposition from a town of 3,000 What is being done for country in England or the United States- evangelism ? Very little, indeed. So without higher schools and public far as we know, only one evangelist offices, many people residing in town in Kyushu gives his whole time spebut working in the fields or on the cifically to this kind of work, tho sea. It is raw country as far as the almost all evangelists do a little at present problem of evangelization is it. Everyone of the 63 cities has concerned. several Japanese evangelists and one or more foreign missionaries; nearly This country population is from everyone of the I,OOO large towns two-thirds to three-fourths of the has at least one Japanese evangelist, whole natIon; thaI it is widely scat- and there are doubtless evangelists tered over mountain and plain, much resident in some towns of 5,000 Most of it in islands and on sea-coasts not evangelistic missionaries do more or readily accessible. In the main it is less touring in the country, and most the poorest part of the people, the evangelists in large towns visit once least intelligent, the most poorly edu- or twice a month one or more of the cated. the most conservative, the part fairly good-sized towns in their viin which the 01 d religious and ethnic cinity, but this rarely reaches to superstitions have their strongest towns of 2,000 inhabitants, and very hold. Many of the people are unable rarely indeed to smaller hamlets. to understand a sermon delivered in the ordinary Tokyo colloquial, for It is a cause for thanksgiving that they use many different dialects, in through the secular press a little light is filtering in, and through the dissemination of the Bible and tracts,

the return of students on vacation bulk of the financial support of the from the cities, and the occasional work must come from older Christian permanent return of Christians to communities. For years it will be their ancestral homes, the country true that the part taken in the direcdistricts are not entirely shut off from tion of the work by foreigners will contact with the Christian movement be far in advance of what their acgoing on vigorously in the more fa- quaintance with the language and vored parts of the empire; but as yet conditions would seem to warrant; only the edges of the problem are while the part taken by the Japanese being approached. A systematic and workers will, on account of their pewide endeavor to reach the masses in culiar and unapproachable qualifica-. the country, the farmers, the fishers, tions, be far in advance of the finanthe miners, the salt-burners, or those cial responsibilities they are able to in quarry and lumbering districts, assume. But the task will for a long has really not yet been inaugurated, time be more than their combined excepting the work of the mission- efforts can adequately cope with, and ship Fukuin Maru among the island ·it will ever be the men, native or population of the Inland Sea. In- foreign, in whom the Spirit of God deed the remark occasionally made, most conspicuously dwells that will and with some trepidation, that the do most toward solving the problem evangelization of Japan has just and in bringing in a reign of joy, nicely begun, might well be made peace and light. with greatest boldness. As to the opportunity, it is un- Little need be said as to the ob- bounded. Never were the Japanese ligation. Most of the readers of this people more kindly disposed. There article are believers in the Great is ignorance; there is superstition; Commission, and if "Go ye into all there is blind trust in the older rethe world," etc., means anything, it ligions. Country evangelism is not means that the more than two-thirds a task so easy as to be unworthy of of the Japanese nation that now have men of the highest ideals, ready for the least opportunity to hear the gos- the sternest and most-sustained toil. pel, ought as soon as possible to have But freedom of religious propagana better opportunity than even the dism is no empty boast in Japan; and best favored one-third has at present. while it is not always easy for the first convert in a family to take his The question whether the obliga- stand, and there are always those tion rests most heavily on the com- ready to tempt the wavering, and paratively wealthy and developed while when the older religions feel Christian forces of the Occident, or the effects of the growth of Chrison the handful of Japanese Christians tianity in a lessening of their own already organized into churches and power and resources, there wiII be a struggling manfully with their own severe struggle, yet there is a fine, peculiar burdens, interests us little. free field to-day. Undoubtedly, the bulk of the actual preaching and visiting will always be It is years since we have heard of done by Japanese men and women, a contemplated evening's preaching and for a generation or two the great service being given up on account of

inability to rent a house. We can not The difficulties mentioned above are call to mind a case of discourteous by no means the difficulties of the treatment on the part of a local of- foreign missionary alone. Most of ficial or educator. In the last fifteen them weigh with nearly equal weight years we have not met with any dis- upon the Japanese evangelist. It is turbance of a meeting by outsiders as hard for a Japanese evangelist as more than thrice. Those who once for an American missionary to live spoke of Christianity as bad, now part or all the time outside the larger speak of it simply as not good, and towns. The education that is, probeven their number is few. Those who ably correctly, deemed essential for deemed it not good, have advanced the evangelist to-day does not make to good, tho this good is, unfortu- the self-denials required for country nately, in many cases yet, good-for work any easier. Coarse country fare others. The evangelism of the "coun- is as coarse to a town-bred Japanese try" part of Japan means a long pull as to a foreigner, and country folk~ and a strong pull; it calls for pa- are to him by no means the most tience and perseverance of a rare congenial companions. As to lankind, and a devotion that can discern guage, only recently we heard a J apathe man for whom Christ died in the nese evangelist of over 50 years give most unpromising, ignorant and de- as a reason for desiring to leave a graded people, but there is every op- certain section, that he could not unportunity for prosecuting a promising derstand the people well, and they work. The peculiar difficulties. in- could not understand him when he volved in this task may be incon- preached at all freely. siderable as compared with the diffi- The evangelization of Japan is not culties of evangelism in less favored yet a complete work, but one which, countries, but they are greater by even with the best success, will enfar than those that have attached to gage the labors of the American the evangelism thus far undertaken. churches for a generation or two. In There must be walking and riding in many respects, especially in the orsailboats in the place of the jin- ganization of the work already done, riksha and the stage, the train and Japan is the most advanced missionthe steamer. In place of the fairly ary field in the world, and in addicomfortable hotels and baths of the tion to the old problems, a number towns, come the lodging-houses and of entirely new ones await solution or the farmhouse with food of the coars- are being solved. But we need not est. It is struggle enough to com- be discouraged by any of these municate spiritual ideas in the J apa- things, nor ought we to be. The nese language when one is free to same Spirit that attended our early use the best the language affords, but workers and assisted them in the lait will be harder to accomplish the bors peculiar to their day, is ready task after discarding one's best tools similarly to attend and assist their in the interests of the unlearned. Nor successors, only let us not make the are men to be won only by preaching; mistake of J oash, of smiting thrice social intimacy with those who have and staying, whereas we should have little social capital must be aimed at. smitten five or six times.

PRESENT STATE OF CHRISTIANITY IN

BY REV. HENRY LOOMIS, YOKOHAMA, JAPAN There have been. times in past years theistic and pantheistic faiths as well when the Christianization of Japan as with Christianity. Dr. Imbrie tells seemed not only certain of accom- us that the real conflict that Chrisplishment, but not far distant. But tianity has before it in Japan is esas time passes, new obstacles have sentially the same which it has to arisen, and while progress is being wage in Europe and America-Themade, it is not at the rate that was ism, vs. Pantheism and Agnosticism, anticipated. and the Christianity of the New Testament, vs. the Christianity that One chief reason for the lack of reads into or out of the New Testathe expected growth is that Japan ment anything it pleases." occupies a focal position in the religious as well as the political world, The general condition of Japan is and to an unusual degree have efforts well described by a writer in speakbeen made to introduce all sorts of ing of the people of India: "There belief and unbelief that are to be is a rising tide of dissatisfaction with found elsewhere. their religion, and unrest at their ideals on the part of thousands. This "Modern Japan," says a recent is especially true of the higher and writer, "harbors a strange mixture educated classes." of belief and tendencies. Every shade and stripe of unbelief may be found As a result of this condition there -skepticism, agnosticism, material- has come about a state of affairs that ism and atheism, rung through all has awakened real alarm. In a retheir changes, each drest in the gar- cent discussion that took place in the ment of science, and all together con- Diet regarding the anarchists, one of tending stubbornly with the old poly- the members declared that the cause

of such a lamentable and disgraceful they grasp the spiritual life in its occurrence was "a general degenera- completeness, they lack the foundation of the young men of the coun- tion upon which the highest and best try, and the inclination of the people type is formed." toward moral corruption was beyond a doubt." That Christianity supplies this want is, and has been realized, by many In reply to this statement the of those who have been prominent in Prime Minister said that such were Japan. The late Prince Ito said to his own feelings in regard to the a friend that the students educated matter, and on that account he and in Christian schools were more relihis associates felt constant self-re- able than those educated without any proach, and had asked to be released religious influence, and he chose as from the responsibilities of their of- his private secretary a pronounced ficial positions, but His Majesty had Christian. When he went to Korea generously kept them at their posts. to administer the affairs of that As long as the people's minds were country he selected a man who was becoming corrupt, all measures for conspicuous for his Christianity as the purpose of national extensions the head and founder of a judicial would be of no avail. system. Christian men have also been sought for other and respon- Following the words of the Pre- sible positions in that country. mier, the Minister of Education exprest his anxiety in regard to the For many years the managers of whole matter and his opinion that the Sanyo Railway have selecled more should be done for the incul- Christian men for positions of responcation of right sentiments among the sibility on that line, and a request people, and especially the young. was sent to the missionary at Yama- guchi to teach the employees Chris- In a book written by the ex-Vice- tianity; and all provision for religious Minister of Education, Mr. Sawa- teaching was to be made by the comyanagi, on "Education of Japan," the pany. The Sanyo Railway is acwriter says: "When we think serious- knowledged to be the best-managed ly upon the subject, religious educa- line in the country. tion is a very important thing, because it is religion that constitutes There are now 28 Christian young the foundation of spiritual life. Some men teaching English in government say that moral education is quite schools who have been selected from enough, and religious education is not among college and university gradunecessary to the nation to-day. ates in the United States. All of them are doing Christian work, and "When we ask such persons why some with large success. This has we must behave morally, they will proved a fruitful field for direct evananswer that it is only for the sake of gelism of a class of young men who doing good; but as to this answer only in rare cases come under church there is plenty of room for doubt. influences. Bible study ins.tituteS! If people are educated only by the have been held in most of the large moral sentiment, they may be said to student centers by the national secrehave passed a good life, but there taries, with a resulting increase in will be something wanting. Unless

IN JAPAN

the number and interest of the stu- commended because they are doing dents, and better preparation on the a noble and praiseworthy work.

part of the teachers. At the same time it is to be noted In the regular work of the Young that Buddhism is waning; and this Men's Christian Association there has is due to the turning away from its been great advance. In the Osaka teachings of the younger and edu- Association there have been held 27 cated class. Acc.)rding to the latest weekly Bible classes, with an average statistics there were 264 less temples attendance of 329, and in a short in 1908 than in 1904, and 280 less nine days' canvass, 252 new mem- priests. Of Shinto shrines the loss bers were enrolled. was still greater, as during the same The president of the Nagasaki As- period the number is reported to have been 28,417. As is well known, sociation reports the organization of the great temple at Kyoto is hopelessa Sunday-school of non-Christian stu- ly in debt, altho it belongs to one dents, with an average attendance of of the most popular sects, and it 200 boys. was at one time reported that it was in danger of being sold at auction. At a meeting of some leading business men, held in the White House Owing to a lack of workers, as in Washington, at the invitation of well as the causes before mentioned, President Taft, subscriptions were the growth of Protestant Christianmade for the work of the Young ity has not been as large as it would Men's Christian Association in Japan have been under more favorable cirto the amount of $250,000. Of this cumstances. For several years. the sum $35,000 was given by Mr. S. W. number of missionaries has not in- Woodward; of Washington, for a creased to any considerable extent, memorial building in Kobe for Mr. Helm. Mr. Woodward visited Japan recently as a representative of the and the number of native workers ic; Layman's movement, and saw for entirely insufficient to proPerly sup- himself the value and influence of the ply all the demands. Owing, also, to work that is being done. the desire on the part of the Japa- Another gift of $35,000 by some nese to be independent of foreigners, Buffalo men was for a building in the funds from abroad have not been Tokyo, for the Chinese and Korean sufficient to supplement the contribu- students. tions of the Japanese Christians for The Ruccess of the work of the the many departments of work.

Young Men's Christian Association And yet there is, on the whole, de- has resulted in an organization among cided growth. The reports are in- the Buddhists for similar purposes. complete in many respects, and be- In the city of Seattle the most costly lievers are so scattered that it is and complete building of the kind is impossible to ascertain the whole that which belongs to the Young number or the extent of religious ac- Men's Buddhist Association. The de- tivity. The number of adult bap- velopment of such organizations is a tisms reported for the past year was powerful testimony to the practical 6,305, and the total church-member- features of Christianity, and is to be ship is given as 75,608. There are

546 organized churches, of which 172 church, but no report as to the num- are self-supporting. ber of members or contributions has been given. In this connection it is interesting to note that the increase in the num- The Universalists report a gain in ber of communicants and contribu- five years of 23 members; and the tions is proportioned largely to total contributions for the past year the amount of independence of the were 11 yen, or 6 sen per member. churches of foreign control and the form of doctrine or belief that is One of the best evidences of the being taught. growing favor with which Christian- ity is regarded by the people is the For example, the Congregational- large a.nd increasing circulation of ists report an accession of 1,477 mem- the Scriptures. That people buy bers, and contributions amounting to these is evidence that they will read them and thus become acquainted 97,35 I yen (I yen = 50 cents, and with the teachings that have been the basis of that civilization that has = LOO sen I yen), which is 5-90 yen made other countries great and pros- perous, and which the Japanese are per member. The Presbyterians re- seeking to imitate. port 1,246 members added by bap- tism; contributions, 83,000, or 4.37 The circulation of the American yen per member. The Sei Kokwai Bible Society during the year 1909 (Episcopalian) report an aggregate was 61,045 volumes, including por- of contributions as 34,651 yen, or 2.56 tions of the same. The circulation per member. during 1910 was 201,190, or more than three times the former. Of The German Evangelistic Protes- these there were 5,420 Bibles, 63,037 . tant Missionary Society (Unitarian) Testaments, and 132,733 Portions, or reports the total contributions as Gospels. If to this circulation be amounting to 243 yen, or 81 sen per added that of the other societies, the member. Owing to a lack of funds, total is 460,680 volumes. the theological school connected with this mission has been closed, and the Some of these were donated and mission force diminished. After a some purchased for the purpose of quarter of a century of effort the free distribution. The actual sales liberal Christians of Germany and (almost entirely to Japanese), reached Switzerland combined are unable to an aggregate of 9,242 Bibles, 103,372 raise the funds to support even one Testaments, and 2I8,965 Portions. foreign mission, and that in a field When we consider that this is only which is described as "grander than the distribution effected in one year, any which has ever been cultivated." it is truly remarkable, and is evidence that the progress of Christianity is There has been a division among not to be estimated by the number the Unitarians in Tokyo, and the of accessions to the churches alone. majority now discard the name of Christian and claim that all systems Among the different ways that of religion are of value, and no one Christian activity is manifest are the is to be followed to the exclusion of following: 49 girls' schools, 44 the rest. Those who differ from mixed and day-schools, 14 schools for them, and retain the name of Chris- tian, have formed themselves into a

I9II ] CHRISTIANITY IN

training Bible women, 5 industrial Notes on the Accompanying Table of schools, 22 schools for theological training, 13 orphanages, 4 day nur- Statistics series, 3 homes for old people, 2 hospitals for lepers, 2 dispensaries, 3 (1) The figures are taken from the homes for ex-prisoners, 3 schools for tables of the Rev. Henry Loomis for the deaf and blind, besides rescue homes and other social work, like that for earlier, and from the annual tables of factory girls, which is accomplishing "The Christian Movement in Japan" for much for the betterment of the needy the later years. classes, but can not be tabulated. (2) The following periods will be read- Statistics of Protestant Missions in ily noted: Japan for Fifty Years First, the period of waiting, from 1859 BY A. PIETERS to 1873, when the laws against the Chris- Contributions, tian religion were virtually repealed. Second, the period of rapid growth, Year Communicants Yen from 1873 to 1890, during which the num- (1 yen 50 c.) ber of communicants doubled every three years. 1859 .. ……………. 0 Third, the period of slower growth, 1864 .. ……………. 1 from 1891 to the present.

1866 .. ……………. 2 (3) Altho the growth in communicants has been slow during the most recent 1871 ……………… 10 decade, the contributions have advanced 1872 ……………… 16 rapidly, so that the per capita contribu- tion of the Japanese Christian has risen 1876 .. …… , ……… 1,004 from about two yen per capita in the eighties, to about four yen at present. 1878 ……………… 1,617 This is due to the financial prosperity of the country, to the fact that many 1879 ……………… 2,701 young men. converted during the eighties, are now beginning to be able 1881 …… ..•••• ' ••• o' 3,811 to give largely, and to increased con- secration. 1882 ……………… 4,367 (4) The increase of the Christian popu- 1883 ……………… 5,591 15,838 lation, even during the last two decades, has been at a more rapid rate than that 1884 ……………… 7,794 18,220 of the population as a whole. While the population increases at the rate of 1885 ……………… 10,775 one per cent. per annum, the average for the Christians is between three and 1886 ……………… 13,269 26,866 four per cent. In consequence of this, the proportion of Christians to the popu- 1887 .. ………… 18,019 41,571 lation is constantly on the increase.

1888 ……………… 23,564 64,454 The number of communicants to popu- lation in 1888 was 1 to 1,661; in 1898, 1 1889 ………… 28,977 53,503 to 1,067; and in 1908, 1 to 851.

1890 ……………… 32,380 69,324 (5) Altho the proportion of Christians is thus increasing, the aggregate mass of 1891 .. …….. ,' …… 33,390 74,070 unevangelized heathen in Japan is also still increasing. In 1859 there were about 1892 …………… 35,534 63,338 30,000,000 of Japanese, all unevangelized. In 1911 there are over 50,000,000, and if 1893 ……………… 37,398 62,416 10,000,000 are reckoned to have heard the Gospel (really an extravagant estimate), 1894 ……………… 39,240 72,217 yet the number entirely destitute of the 1895 .. , …………… 38,710 Gospel is 40,000,000, 10,000,000 more than 62,939 there were at the beginning. 1896 .. · . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 38,361 60,504 Some time or other there must come a 1897 .. · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,578 81,551 period when the aggregate mass of un- 1898 .. ……… , …… 40,981 evangelized heathenism in Japan shall be- 95,366 gin to decrease, but how far off that time 1899 .. .. -, …. -, ….. – 41,808 94,275 is, no one can tell. It is still growing 102,228 at a rapid rate. 1900 .. ……. – …….. 42,451 1901.. ……………. No information (6) It is worth noticing that the pro- 1902 .. ……………. 44,281 120,330 portion of communicant Protestant be- 1903 ……………… 42,900 134,941 lievers to the population is smaller in Japan than in Africa, and in India, being 1904 ……………… 50,954 134,580 one to 324 in the former, and one to 563 in the latter country. 1905 ……………… 48,087 181,996 1906 ……………… 54,352 228,944 1907 ……………… 57,830 274,608 1908 .. · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,450 259,498 1909 ……………… 60,635 269,343

HARTFORD SCHOOL OF

ANOTHER STEP TOWARD GREATER MISSIONARY EFFICIENCY BY EDWARD WARREN CAPEN, PH.D., ORGANIZING SECRETARY Of the various proposals made to peoples in Asia and Africa were with- the W orId Missionary Conference at out any real national consciousness; Edinburgh in June of last year, one of now they are increasingly demanding those which was most quickly acted the right to control their own affairs upon concerned the creation in Great and to enter the family of nations on Britain of a Board of Studies, the pur- a par with the proudest of Western pose of which is to devise means of empires. Into this changing East the meeting the needs revealed by Com- missionary goes, and seeks, not only mission V, in its study of the Prepara- to change the lives of individuals, but tion of Missionaries; and the British so to train leaders and so to act himexample has been followed in Ameri- self as to put a Christian impress upon ca. A committee was appointed at the life and institutions of the new the last meeting of the conference of East. To secure efficiency in such an the boards of foreign missions of the undertaking requires ability and spe- United States and Canada, which has cialized training of the highest order. appointed the members of a Board of Then, too, with the rising standards of Studies here. Meantime, under the education among these new yet old lead of the chairman of Commis- nations, the people demand higher insion V, who is also president of tellectual attainments in those who the Hartford Theological Seminary, come to lead them or to cooperate with there has been organized the Hartford them. A poor command of the ver- School of Missions, which seeks, along nacular was once overlooked; now it interdenominational lines and as a graduate school, to provide facilities is resented. The· Christian schools in for the Special Missionary Preparation demanded by missionary leaders Japan used to be the best in the counto-day. try; now they have become relatively less efficient with the improvement of The reasons for this forward step the national school system. These two are found in the report of Commission instances are typical of the new de- V. The environment in which mis- mands made upon the missionary. sionaries now work is very different from that in which the pioneers found The body of missionaries are all themselves when they reached their but unanimous on two points: First, fields a century and more ago. Then they demand the broadest and highest those countries were isolated; now cultural and professional training; the tides of Western influence, good, and, second, they declare that this is bad, and indifferent, are sweeping over not in itself sufficient, but that it them. Then the Orient was ignorant should be supplemented by Special of Western thought, science, art, and Missionary Preparation. This would industry; now its leaders are familiar include instruction in the science and with our literatttre and institutions, art of teaching, in comparative religand are developing arts and industries ion, in the science of missions, inalong Western lines. Then the great cluding missionary history, theory, and practice, in sociology, and in lan- guage. Much of this, especially the language work, must be given on the colleges, universities, or professional field, where the call for improved schools who contemplate work abroad, methods is being heeded. On the and to missionaries at home on furother hand, the fundamental work in lough. The course is designed to each of the first four subjects must be cover one year, but this may be lengthdone at home, or it will probably never ened or abbreviated to meet the needs be done at all; and even in the mat- of individuals. It is possible that, if ter of language, certain initial diffi- there is a demand for it, there will be culties can best be removed in the a summer session in certain subjects home land. Then, too, the mission- beginning in 1912. aries are agreed that lay missionaries, both men and women, whether medi- The curriculum follows closely the cal, educational, or industrial, need to recommendations made to the Edinbe thoroughly grounded in the essen- burgh Conference. Especially for the tials of Christianity and to be given a benefit of those who have had no theomastery of the Bible, if their work is logical training, comprehensive courses to be an integral part of the work of in the English Bible and in the docthe mission, which is essentially spir- trines of Christianity will be given, as itual. preparation for the delivery of the missionary message. No attempt will Such, in brief, were the recommend- be made, at least for the present, to ations of Commission V. The ques- teach vernaculars, but through work tion at once arises, how can this spe- in phonetics the ear and vocal organs cial missionary preparation be given? will be trained to analyze and accu- It is not possible for each seminary or rately reproduce the elemental sounds training school to provide such courses, in languages, including, where the asfor the proportion of students in most sistance of native speakers is availschools who go to any particular field, able, the sounds of the vernaculars or even to foreign countries, is too of the students' fields. The modern small to justify such expansion, even methods of learning languages, which if funds and teachers were available. are comparatively unknown in the It would be unwise as well as imprac- United States, will be taught and certicable to develop such schoools as ex- tain initial difficulties will be removed, ist in Europe, which give to mission- so that the new missionary will begin ary candidates their entire training. his language work on the field with an Rather should there be developed in a intelligent understanding of the strucfew centers interdenominational grad- ture of the language and of how to uate schools where such special prepa- master it. Those who have not been ration can be given to those who have trained as teachers may secure thoralready received the usual profession- ough grounding in psychology, pedaal training. To do what one institu- gogy, and the principles of religious tion may in this direction is the pur- education. The history of missions, pose of the Hartford School of Mis- a comparative study of missionary sions. methods, and an analysis of the con- temporary missionary situation will This school is open to appointees or give an understanding of the historic candidates recommended by any board solutions of missionary problems and of foreign missions, to graduates of

an appreciation of the missionary task The large board of instruction inbefore the Church. cludes already members of seven de- nominations, members of the faculties At the center of the curriculum lie of Hartford Thelogical Seminary, the courses which are preparatory for Trinity College, and the Hartford an understanding of the countries in School of Religious Pedagogy, profeswhich the students are to work. Gen- sional men in Hartford, secretaries like eral courses in comparative religion Drs. Chamberlain, Patton, Speer, Watand sociology, and particular courses son and Wolf, and prominent missionon the history, religions, and institu- aries. tions of the principal mission countries will enable the missionary to be- The most encouraging feature about come intelligently sympathetic with the new undertaking is the heartiness the life about him and to approach the with which it has been welcomed by people in the most tactful and helpful the officers of the leading misslOn manner. For Moslem countries the boards of the United States and Can- School of Missions offers elementary ada, while there is a strong probability and advanced courses under Professor that from the beginning its body of D. B. Macdonald, which are attract- students will include some from Great ing students from Europe. For other Britain. Both for new missionaries countries similar courses will be pro- and for those whose one or two terms vided and special libraries offer un- of service have shown to them the usual facilities for such preparation. need of further training, the mission The affiliation of the School of Mis- boards expect to make large use of sions with Hartford Theological Sem- the Hartford School of Missions and inary places at the disposal of the stu- of the similar institutions which will dents the large Case Memorial Library probably be required to meet the needs and opens to missionaries at home on of preparation in different parts of furlough the courses in the seminary. the country. The welcome accorded this new school speaks much for the Practical matters like the care of purpose of the mission boards to sehealth and business methods have not cure even greater efficiency in meetbeen overlooked. ing the increasing complex situation.

DR. GUSTAV WARNECK'S MISSIONARY EPIGRAMS As long as the "offense of the Cross" It is more difficult to pray for misremains, so long will missions remain sions than to give to them, but prayer an offense in the world. without giving is insincere.

To speak of missions as if they were If the missionaries in the field are a hole-and-corner affair is to reveal an to accomplish anything of the task unparalleled provincialism. which our prayers mark out for them, then must the prayers be potent which There are narrow-hearted people we bring to the throne of grace. who do not wish to know anything about missions – people who draw As the roots bear the tree, so the spiritual life of the home bears the very narrow limits around their love. weight of foreign missions. It is im- Our missionary societies would be possible to reverse this order.

very poor had they only those who Foreign missions have proved to be give money and not those who persist the mother of home missions. in prayer.

UNITED UNIVERSITIES SCHEME FOR

BY THOMAS SMITH In March, 1908, the attention of a cooperation of other countries, thus number of resident Oxford and Cam- making the scheme one of first-rate bridge graduates was directed to mis- international importance. He says: sionary educational work in western China, and a representative committee "Nothing makes you love a nation was formed to thoroughly inquire into so much as being brought into touch the matter and to report on what with the good and sincere men of that measure of support, if any, should be nation; nothing makes you respect the given to the work by the universities. religious convictions of somebody different from your own so much as The Rev. Lord William Gascoyne- seeing the self-sacrifice which is the Cecil, who had recently returned from expression of these convictions. If the Centenary Missionary Conference we make our scheme international, at Shanghai, was invited to join the not only shall we feel ourselves drawn committee and to give it the benefit of by ties of love to the people of other his experiences in China and advice as nations, but the example commended to the aid which should be given. by the name of the great universities After much deliberation it was gen- of which we are members would go far erally agreed that, in view of the to make such action imitated through- "awakening of China," and all that is out the civilized world." implied therein, the responsibility of presenting Western civilization and Later Lord William Cecil and Proculture to the Chinese was a very fessor A. L. Smith, of Oxford, visited grave one; and that the universities, America to sound the leading univerinstead of merely aiding an isolated sities of the United States and of Canmissionary society in its work, should ada on the question of cooperation consider the possibility of establishing with Great Britain in the proposed a university in China, permeated by Christian thought, and which should scheme. In 1910 Mr. J. L. Johnstone, worthily represent Western culture and traditions as the direct outcome of of New College, Oxford, who had Christianity. been acting as secretary to the com- mittee during the year, was deputed Accordingly, early in 1909 Lord to visit China and America, to ac- William Cecil, upon the invitation of quaint himself with educational condithe Oxford and Cambridge commit- tions in the former country, and to tee, again went to China to inquire bring to a head the question of comore fully into the conditions of edu- operation in the latter. The net result cation there and into the opportunity is that the following universities are for successfully founding a Christian pledged to support the scheme, each university. On his return Lord Will- working through its own committee: iam presented a report to the committee, which was full of interest and Great Britain: Oxford, Cambridge, hope, urging the Oxford and Cam- London. bridge representatives to go forward with their scheme, and recommending United States of America: Harthem to, as far as possible, invite the vard, Columbia, California.

Canada: Toronto. Much thought has been given to the question of the most suitable site in China for the university, and by

almost general consent the Hankow erning, and would have the entire con- district has been decided on. trol of all religious teaching within A glance at the map shows this to be their own walls.

the real center of China. Here the (3) The university, as such, would three great cities of Hankow, Wu- not give religious instruction. All Chang and Hanyang, with a popula- Christian bodies having educational tion of over a million, standing at the work in China would be encouraged to junction of the great waterway and found hostels in which religious in- railway systems of China, bid fair in struction would be given on lines ap- the immediate future to dominate ab- proved of by the particular denomina- solutely the industrial activities of tion or denominations supporting China, while if one with a little imagi- each. The university would have nation looks farther into the future he power to admit a limited number of will prophesy it to become one of the hostels other than these, under ade- greatest-possibly the greatest-center quate guarantees for the maintainance of world industry. Here there reside of a high standard of moral discipline.

(and the future will bring them in in- The property and supreme control creasing numbers) young men, eager of the university will be vested in a to acquire an intimate knowledge of body known as the "Incorporated Uni- the new spirit that is so rapidly versity for China Association," and spreading in China, and upon whom this association will consist of mem- will largely rest the responsibility for bers resident in Great Britain, United the future of Chinese civilization. States, Canada and China. The man- Whether conscious or unconscious agement will consist of a committee, of this fact, several missionary bodies consisting of the president and the have established schools and colleges members of the association resident in this center, and these have already in China.

agreed to form the basis of the pro- A question may well be asked as to posed university. the relation of the proposed university Quoting from a memorandum is- to the Chinese Government system of sued by the Committee of United Uni- education, and seeing the extreme im- versities Scheme, the essential points portance that has been, and still is, of the scheme are: attached to educational matters in that eI) The university, consisting of- country, it would be a most pertinent ea) A central body of professors one. Unfortunately, many of the mis- and instructors. These would pri- sionary bodies carrying on educational marily be responsible for the advanced work in China have found themselves, teaching. consciously or unconsciously, compe- ( b) A number of hostels or colleges ting with government institutions. and in which the students would reside un- this attitude has been a fruitful source der some kind of moral discipline and of misunderstanding between Chinese supervision. officials and missionaries. It needs (2) The colleges or hostels, so long but slight reflection to convince one of as they conformed to certain general the fact that those most directly inter- requirements, moral and educational, ested in Chinese education are the of the university, would be seIf-gov- Chinese themselves, and that to the

19II ] THE UNITED UNIVERSITIES

Chinese Government belongs the un- the only one that can be bought with doubted right to determine the lines success.

of that education. We should then "Meanwhile this obviously leaves a bear these facts in mind when consid- great gap in the educational world ering the relations between the pro- which Government can not fill, and posed university and the Chinese Gov- . the whole of what may be called gen- ernment, and endeavor as far as acting eral education, as well as all the moral in accordance with Christian ideals side, which can only be supplied by will allow, to keep in touch and to tradition and personal influence, and cooperate with Chinese institutions. the consequent social distinction which Mr. Johnstone in his report (which is the special possibility of a voluntary does not necessarily represent the system. It is in virtue of these qualviews of the committee) says: "It ap- ities, unattainable by state organizapears to me that in the race for tech- tion, that the independent schools, colnical instruction (which is what is leges and universities have survived in practically going on), the Government England and America; what keeps with its longer purse, even without any them going is, not the superiority of pressure put by preference given to their practical education, but the fact students, must win. It is only a mat- that they give something else. ter of paying for men who know their job and for plenty of apparatus for "The direction indicated seems the them. This the Government will be only line in which non-state education able to do eventually, but it is highly can survive in China, but it means a improbable that any voluntary institu- large reversal of the present policy, tion, even if it could get the men, which is in many points opposed to it; could get the money. We must say and what is more important, all the that the outlook is dark for anything students who would naturally consticompeting with the Government in tute the first material for the univerits own lines of education. On the sity have not only been educated on other hand, it must be noticed that practical lines, but are those who must these lines in China are very limited. inevitably desire that sort of educa- The present system of education, as tion. I think that one must recognize laid down in theory and gradually ap- that to shut the door either way would proaching execution in practise, is the be fatal, and it is probably possible to result of 'a volte face' toward the devise a system of education which, purely practical side of Western edu- while giving sufficient practical incation. No government university is struction to satisfy just claims until at present likely to give effective in- the Government can do it more effistruction in anything except practical ciently, should yet not prevent the education, even tho' some include a teaching given having a more general Chinese literature department. The and disinterested character." main features of government education seem unlikely to be changed for Everyone will agree that missionsome time, and hardly can be. The ary bodies carrying on educational teaching of purely practical subjects is work in China can not all have their own universities, and even if it were possible it would be most undesirable.

The scheme, then, offers a solution

to those in Central China who, having trines taught in the hostel, and also students sufficiently advanced to take of the moral atmosphere. up a higher branch of learning, yet have no means at present of securing This method seems to be peculiarly such for them. This most pressing suited to conditions at present existing need has been felt for a long time, and and likely to exist for some considermet in certain cases, such as at St. able time in China. John's in Shanghai, and the Union University at present being created at But not only does the scheme com- Cheng Tu, Western China. mend itself from the strictly utilita- rian point of view, the very fact that As has been mentioned earlier in a group of colleges or hostels, each of this paper, each missionary body de- which is supported and managed by siring to enter its students for the different missionary bodies, can and do university course would establish a work harmoniously together in suphostel in close proximity to the cen- port of the university will be in itself tral university buildings, and assume a lesson in Christian unity-a lesson complete control of the religious doc- sadly needed to-day-not more so in the East than in the West.

WORK AMONG WEST CHINA ABORIGINES BY REV. S. POLLARD, CHAOTUNG, YUNNAN, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Methodist Church The province of Yunnan, in south- was begun more than thirty years ago.

west China, is reckoned by the Chinese Passing T.ali Fu, he comes at last to as one of the poorest of all the prov- The beautiful city of Yunnan Fu, the inces. Officials do not like to be ap- capital of the province, and here in a pointed to Yunnan, and think their city famous since the days of Marco fellow officials in other provinces far Polo he will find modern civilization better off than themselves. For many being rapidly grafted on to the old, years in missionary circles Yunnan fascinating, elusive state of affairs. was also reckoned as one of the poor- New wine is being poured into old est provinces in the whole of the em- bottles. Electric light, the railway, pire for missionary results. After modern colleges, mint, arsenal, a house thirty years of work among the Chi- of assembly, all give proof of the nese there were not two hundred con- great change coming over the empire. verts, and some stations, opened more But the traveler sees very little evi- than a quarter of a century ago, have dence of the progress of Christianity. as yet only a mere handful of church If he goes due east until he leaves the members. The traveler entering the province he may have traveled for five province by either of the four main weeks and not met a single convert. routes sees very little evidence of If he enters by the new, wonderful Christian progress. If he enters from railway, which the French have built Burma he will pass Tengyueh and as one of the most wonderful feats of Tali Fu, two stations of the China In- engineering in the world, he will pass land Mission, and from the meager town after town, village after village, number of converts he would never in which the Protestant missions have guess that work in the latter station· not a single church-member; and,

AMONG WEST CHINA ABORIGINES

reaching the capital, he will, like the again. Three days north of the capitraveler from the west, see no sign of tal, near a few poor houses and on the Christian progress. In the northeast red slope of a pine hill, he will find a corner of the province there is one small foreign house and three missionfairly prosperous Chinese church at aries living in it. There is no large Chaotung, where over a hundred town close by, and there are no shops Christians are to be found and where near. In the daytime the chief excitethe chapel is too small to hold the ment is when the cattle are going out crowds who come to hear. In the to graze, and at night the deep silence, whole province, which in area is equal which can be almost heard, is broken SOME MIAO WHO CAME TO THE MISSION HOUSE AT CHAQTUNG to the British Isles, and has a popula- only by the barking of the watch-dogs tion estimated at 12,000,000, there are or the howling of the much-feared not 200 full members in the Protestant wolves. You are here at the very back Chinese churches. The Romanists, of nowhere, far from civilization, but also, have had but little success in under such a sky of deep blue, from Yunnan. It has, therefore, been right- out of which the stars hang so low ly regarded as one of the most back- that you seem to see right to the other ward and darkest provinces in the side of them. The heavens stoop down whole empire. and kiss the earth in an embrace of love. What are the missionaries If the traveler, however, be with doing here? Have they found a lifeone who knows , and if he be willing giving sanatorium, and is it another to leave the main roads and the beaten Mohkanshan or Kuling? Are the mispaths, he will find , away off among the sionaries here in retreat from the great lovely hills for which Yunnan is justly heat of the summer? When Sunday famous, sights such as will make his comes around you get the answer to heart beat quickly, and if he loves these queries. Just below the mission- Jesus he will rejoice over and over

aries' home is a large chapel, welI built, fountain," "There were ninety and with fine wooden pillars inside and a nine," "Holy! Holy! Holy!" "Nearer, roof of burnt tiles overhead. There is my God, to thee," these old favorites room inside for 700 people, and if it is are sung with great spirit and joy. Sacrament Sunday or Harvest Festi- There are not many congregations bigval you will see it crowded. Watch ger than this in China, and very few the missionary, Rev. A. G. Nichols, where the singing is equal. Who are as he starts the singing. Take good these people? These are the H wa note of this man, for he is one of the Miao, among whom, in 1904, a great bravest men in China. As the leader revival broke out, leading to the con- REV. w. TREMnE:RTH AND MIAO TRAMPERS AT THE MISSION HOUSE of a great work he has proved the version of thousands. This place was man for the occasion. He was one of one of the last opened among these the very small band who stuck to their people, and is the headquarters of one posts in West China during all the of the three missions among the Hwa Boxer troubles. This was at a time Miao. Two of these missions belong when there were only five Protestant to the China Inland Mission, and the missionaries left among the people of third to the United Methodist Church half the empire. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols (English). were two of these five. The chapel, which you can not help Now the singing starts, and if you admiring, was built by the people know anything about how the Chinese themselve~. From this center there sing you will be pleasingly surprized. are scores of vilIages wholly or par- Seven hundred people singing in har- tially Christian. After these Miao mony the old songs with which the became Christian they set to work to Christian Church is familiar: "Sweet- mission other tribes living near them. est note in seraph song," "There is a Not far from this headquarters there

AMONG WEST CHINA

"PHILIP," A CHRISTIAN l-ilAQ BRIDEGROOM J AND HIS MI ….. O BRIDE are to be found chapels for the Lisu, tramp, tramp, marched the hill boys the Laka, and preaching-places for the fifty miles a day sometimes, over hill Kan-i. The missionaries hold services and through valley, sleeping out at in four or five different languages, and night wet by the dew or drenched by by the use of a simple phonetic script, the rain. Tramp, tramp, tramp, the which is easily understood by those next morn, and so on until some had wishing to read, the Gospel truths are walked 200 miles. .Why this movetaught and the W"ritten "Vord is given ment from so many villages? The to the peoples in their own tongue. word had gone forth that there was a Away on those hills to the north of king Jesus, who was a Miao, and who Yunnan Fu thousands of the aborig- was at last bringing salvation to a race ines-l1iao, Lisu, Laka, Kan-i-are of serfs who had been opprest for singing the songs of Zion and war· centuries. Misty and confused were shiping the Great King. the ideas which set the feet in motion and stirred np the feelings of the heart The Miao who began the work here to boiling-point. Many who went to first found Christ through their breth- the missionaries found the Jesus they ren ten days' journey away to the had dimly heard about, and by-and-by northeast, in the district around Chao- misty notions gave place to clear ideas tung Fu, the second city in the prov- and the Spirit of God worked a revo- Ince. Here is the home of the Hwa lution in multitudes of lives. The be- Miao, and here in 1904 thousands ginnings of the movement were seen trudged across the hills, some to the first of all at Anshuen, a city to the west to Chaotung, and some to the west of the province of Kweichow. southeast to Anshuen. For two years Here the Rev. J. R. Adam and his colhundreds of viIlages among the hills leagues of the China Inland Mission were in a state of excitement such as had worked for years, and had seen a had never been known before. Tramp,

FOUR MIAO MAIDENS IN WEST CHINA fair amount of success. In the city of and we asked God to let the revival Anshuen was found the one flourish- come in such a way that we might ing Protestant church in the whole of know that it was a God revival and the province of Kweichow, in size not one got up by man. The Miao reequal to Great Britain, and with a vival was the answer to this prayer. population of 7,000,000. Thirty years One day in July four men came to see of work had produced but little ap- me in my Chaotung home. Up to that parent result in other parts of the time I knew nothing whatever about province; but in Anshuen, in a soil the unrest in the hills. The men were prepared by the Holy Spirit, the men drest in Chinese clothing, but told me who worked on year in and year out, they were aborigines, and had come to often in the face of great opposition, inquire about one Jesus, of whom found at last, aborigines and Chinese, some of their friends had heard at Anwilling to hear the Word preached to shuen. The misionaries had told them them. Then in 1904 the great move- there that Chaotung was near their ment broke out and spread north and home, and had advised them to seek west, leading to the tramp, tramp, me. This was the beginning of the tramp among the hilIs, which is unique rush. The hillmen came in their tens, in the history of Chinese missions. twenties, and hundreds. This kept on for weeks and months, and on one oc- I shall never forget how the move- casion a thousand came to my home ment first came to Chaotung. For years in one day. It was not a visit of an some of the missionaries had been hour or two. Most of them stayed praying that God would send a revival,

I9 1I ] WORK AMONG WEST CHINA

for two or three days, as long as their unrest and mist and misunderstanding, supplies of oatmeal lasted them. We and we can now estimate a little what were almost overwhelmed. Very few will be the outcome. First of all, of them could speak Chinese, and we while many have gone back to hea- knew no Miao. Not one in a thousand thenism and sin, the vast majority re- had been .to any school, yet all wanted main Christians, and the change in the to learn to read. Our supplies of lives of multitudes is a clear evidence large-type Chinese Gospels were soon that the work is of God. Mistakes exhausted. It was a strange sight to have been made, and some of them see these crowds in the year A. D. 1904 bad ones; but the native church is trying to read from Mark's Gospel: being built surely, and the Christians "The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God."

What had happened nineteen hun- dred years before was just beginning for them. Some of them held the books the right way up, others held it upside down, and learned the charac- ters in that way. I have known them start reading in their loud way at five o'clock in the morn and the last reader has finished at two o'clock the next morn. The crowds invaded every room, and even bedrooms were not secure from the invasion of those who wanted to learn. We were delivered from those days of strain when a friendly landlord gave us ten acres of ONE or THE MJAO CHAPELS IN WBsr CHINA. land among the hills at Stone Gateway, in the sub-prefecture of Weining, in are being trained to evangelize their the province of Kweichow. This. own people and to reach outsiders then, became the headquarters of the wherever possible.

United Methodist Miao Mission. Here In many vilages you can now be the natives have built two chapels ill shown sites where in the old days which many hundreds of Christians stood the club-house of the commune, have been baptized. In connection which was practically a brothel. Here with the three missions about fifty slept the young people of the village, chapels have been built by the aborig- and the immorality which was all too ines, and there are several other places common resulted in much evil and dis- where they are wishing to build. ease. The Christians do not now like In the matter of translation work to talk about the old days of darkness the gospels of Mark and John have and sin.

been rendered into Miao and a single The marriage-tie was a very loose gospel into both Lisu and Laka. one, and marriages were often the It is seven years now since the great scene of drunken, immoral orgies.

tramping movement began with all its When husband or wife tired of the

other they went elsewhere, and then twenty-one of these confest to having thought nothing of it. The binding been drunk in the old days. Some of nature of marriage which Christianity the drunkards have become preachers of the Gospel and preach with power. CHINESE lUAO CHRISTIANS Is not this the work of the Spirit of God? insists on is one of the hardest changes these people have had to adopt. Over 5,000 adults have been bap- When husband and wife tire of each tized on the three fields, and day other, why should they be compelled schools have been opened in a number to live with each other? so they often of centers. Elders have been appointask. There is, however, a strong con- ed in every village to conduct worscience growing in favor of the sacred- ship and to see that Christians live up ness of the marriage-tie. Hundreds to their principles. Some of these men of Christian homes is one of the re- are a success, some are a very bad suIts of the revival of 1904. failure.

Drunkenness was another sin of the Many of the converts have disap- Miao. On market days some Miao al- pointed us. Many still long after the ways got drunk, and sometimes beast- old rites, with their excitement and ly drunk. Every Christian is now a lawless liberty. Many have fallen into total abstainer. This has not come gross sin. The great majority, howabout as the result of a strong temper- ever, are still on the side of Christ, ance propaganda on the part of the and at the end of seven years one mlsslOnaries. The converts knew what drink meant to them, and when MR. POLLARD AND TWO MIAO CHRISTIANS they became followers of Christ they felt they must be new men, and so the gives glory to God for all He has done drink had to quit. A few weeks ago among these people. He answered the I was present at a Christian wedding. prayer and He gave the revival. In In the evening I went into the room where the male guests were to the number of over thirty. On inquiry,

CHRISTIAN

the three centers at Anshuen, Yunnan breaks into song. He may not under- Fu, and Chaotung, He prepared men stand the words, but he will recognize willing to love these people and to the tune. Away up on that hillside lead them into the light. Now from some may be singing with strong, five or six hundred villages and from sweet voices, so that they are heard thousands of homes there goes up all across the valley, "Crown Him every day praise to the one great God. Lord of all." Then, farther down, In these two dark provinces light has one may hear "There is a fountain come. Christ has found His own. filled with blood." Because these dark, Joy reigns. Purity is driving away immoral, drunken, ignorant hill people immorality, and cleanliness is fighting have learned the truth of the latter dirt and disease. As the traveler goes song they have learned to sing the along the side roads he sees folk shep- former. Because they have come to herding cattle and digging the soil, and the Christ of Calvary men will every now and again one or more "CROW~ HIM LORD OF ALL."

SYRIAN CHRISTIAN CONVENTION AT MARAMANA, TRAVANCORE BY REV. J. STEWART, M. A., MADRAS The Syrian Christians of India are introduced various reforms into their the descendants of those who in the worship and polity within the last first century of the Christian era re- fifty years largely as a result of the ceived the Gospel, as they claim, at work of missionaries connected with the hands of the Apostle Thomas. For the Church Missionary Society. They this reason they are called St. Thomas number probably about 100,000. Christians, and because their Scriptures and their liturgies are in Syriac, For hundreds of years the Syrian and also probably because they were Church was asleep, and had degenreenforced from Syria in the ages erated so that it was very little more gone by, they are called Syrian Chris- than one of the many castes among tians. They number upward of half the Hindus further than that it was a million spread over the native States Christian in name and did not worship of Cochin and Travancore. About idols. Within recent years, however, half of these are subject to the Roman a deep and wide-spread spiritual Catholic Church as a result of the era awakening has taken place chiefly of Portuguese domination, when the among the Christians of the Reformed Jesuits tried to compel obedience to party, altho quite a number of the the Roman See on the part of this an- Jacobites are also being affected by it. cient Church. To a certain extent they An annual convention for the deepsucceeded and the present Roman Syr- ening of spiritual life is held for a full ian Church is the result. The re- week and is attended by no less than mainder are divided into the Jacobites, 20,000 people. It had· its origin in a 200,000, owning allegiance to the Pa- great revival which took place some triarch of Antioch, and the Reformed fifteen years ago. The principal party, consisting of those who have speaker for at least twelve years of that period has been the Rev. T.

Walker, Church Missionary Society, began. The sound could be heard a missionary at Dohnavur, in the Tin- long distance up and down the river nevelly District. and on either side. On one platform the Metran or Metropolitan Bishop of This year he invited the writer to the reformed party was seated, on the assist in the meetings. only chair there, drest in a gorgeous robe of red silk with a belt of gold. Maramana, where the convention is He was accompanied by some of the held, is the village of which the first kattanars, or priests, and the Vicarof the reformers, Malpan Abraham general, who seated themselves on the by name, was pastor. It is situated floor of the platform. The speakers about fifty miles northeast of Quilon. were accompanied by thirty or forty The convention is not held in the kattanars, all alike seated on the floor church, but in a huge pundal erected of a second platform. At the beginon a sand-bank in the middle of the ning of each meeting notices regard- Pambar, commonly known as the ing the meetings of the following days Ranni River. The pundal w~s more and other matters were given out, and than 200 feet long by quite as many then the collection was taken up while broad, and could seat, by actual count the whole company joined together in of one of its many sections, 18,000 singing. people. At a little distance a smaller pundal was erected for the purpose of As soon as preliminaries were over, holding meetings for the women, while flags were hoisted as a signal that the close to the large pundal were two en- meetings had begun, after which no closed sheds used as prayer-rooms, for one was allowed to move about or men and women respectively. Close approach the punda!. This was done to the river-banks, on the other side to insure quietness and to enable the of the stream from the pundal, were vast audience to hear distinctly. numerous booths for the sale of provisions, in which a brisk business was The pundal itself is a flat-roofed done. structure composed of coconut-palm leaves resting on bamboo poles, which The convention meetings began on are in turn placed on teakwood sup· Sunday evening, March 5th, and con- ports. The teakwood supports are sisted of two general meetings daily, carefully put away at the close of the with smaller meetings in between. The convention for use the following year, morning or forenoon meetings were the leaves are loaned by the members given up to Bible readings and the of the church in the neighborhood for evening meetings were of a more gen- the week and are taken away when eral nature. By Tuesday probably 10,- the meetings are over. The expenses 000 or 12,000 people were present, and connected with the gathering are thus the number increased until Sunday, reduced to a minimum. For making when the huge pundal was crowded to announcements and toward the end of its utmost capacity with 18,000 Chris- the week also for giving addresses, a tians, and hundreds of Hindus stood megaphone was used, and proved very round the edge. The people were sum- effective in enabling the people to hear moned to the meetings by means of distinctly. two large gongs, which were sounded an hour and a half before the meeting Each meeting lasted about two

CHRISTIAN CONVENTION

hours, with the exception of the mis- sible hope, not only for the future of sionary meeting on Saturday, which the Syrian Church, but for the part lasted four hours; the number present that it is possible it may yet play in at it being about 17,000. This meeting the evangelization of India.

was of special interest, inasmuch as The closing day of the convention it is the first occasion (since they was Sabbath, March 12th. The pun- started their own Foreign Mission dal was crowded both morning and work last year) when one of their evening with a congregation three young foreign missionaries was pres- times as large as that which fills the ent to give an account of the work two large tents at Keswilck-18,ooo in that was being done and what was all. The attention throughout was being attempted. Another of the most marked, and at the close when speakers at that meeting was a young Mr. Walker led in prayer the whole man who had declined an invitation company spontaneously broke out in to become suffragan or colleague audible simultaneous prayer, thus givbishop to the Metran, preferring to go ing expression to the depth of feeling. instead as a simple foreign missionary. This continued for fifteen minutes and then ceased. Mr. Walker then prayed As the language in that part of and the Metran followed with the India is Malayalam, the addresses Lord's Prayer and benediction and in were given by interpretation, with the a few minutes the sand-bank was one exception of the missionary meeting, mass of white-robed people wending and a Sunday-school meeting the pre- their ways in every direction to their vious day, which was addrest mainly different resting-places. by the Syrians themselves in Malayalamo Those who acted as interpre- What the results will be it is diffiters were some of the most earnest cult to say. Those who were there among the kattanars, who were, there- have received new visions of what fore, quite able to enter into the spirit God requires of them, and new visions of what was being said. One of the of the possibilities that lie before interpreters was a young graduate them. God grant that they may be whose people were connected with the able in His strength to enter in and Jacobite section of the church. His take possession and to go forth to live sympathies, however, were with the for Him as never before.

Reformed and finally he felt led to o Thomas Arnold's Prayer cast in his lot with them. His father Lord, I have a busy world around was dead and he would have inherited considerable property from his grand- me ; eye, ear and thought will be needed for all my work to be done in father, but because of his connection this busy world. Now ere I enter on with the reformed party his grand- it I would commit eye and ear and father disinherited him and cast him thought to Thee. Do Thou bless them off entirely. He was invited to ac- and keep their work Thine, that as cept the office of Bishop and has through Thy natural laws my heart beats and my ?lood flows without any agreed to do so. The devoted, self- thought of mille, so my spiritual life sacrificing spirit shown by these may hold on its course at these times young men and others who could be when my mind can not conspicuously mentioned give one the greatest pos- t!lrn to Thee to commit each par- tIcular thought to Thy service.

DAYLESFORD MOVEMENT FOR SPIRITUAL

BY REV. FRANK H. L. PATON Daylesford is a little country town sought his help, and as they placed in Victoria, where the Australasian their lives under the direction of the Students' Christian Union held their Holy Spirit they in turn became keen annual conference in January, 19IO. and successful personal workers. They The gathering consisted of picked men put their personal work under the and women from the universities and guidance of the Holy Spirit, and the colleges of Australia-about one hun- result was truly wonderful.

dred and thirty-seven in all. Toward the end of 1909 a group of The great spiritual movement which these men agreed to unite in special has since become associated with that prayer that there would be such an conference did not originate there but outpouring of the Holy Spirit at in Melbourne. It was at Daylesford, Daylesford that every student present however, that it developed such power would be led to make a complete dedi- as to mark an epoch in the history of cation of his life to Jesus Christ. It the Student Movement in Australia. was a daring prayer, but the members The root-beginnings of the Dayles- of that little band had seen such won- ford Movement may be traced back to derful things of late that they were 1906, when a student who realized the prepared for anything.

need of a deepened spiritual life gave The conference met in due course, himself to prayer for more power. and at the close of the first evening Gradually he discovered that Jesus three men walked out of the town to had sent the Holy Spirit into the world a clump of pine-trees on the hillside to for this very purpose, that He might pray. They pled with God for an transform men's lives and equip them outpouring of His Spirit, and they with power. With characteristic di- asked that if they could help any stu- rectness he placed his life under the dent by a personal talk the opportunity direction and control of the Holy would be made clear by the Holy Spirit that he might give Jesus the Spirit Himself. They shrank from complete mastery in his life. He did doing any personal work that was not this by a deliberate act of his own will, the direct outcome of the Holy Spir- and to make that act of will clear and it's leading, and so they put the whole definite to himself he put it in writing responsibility upon Him.

in some such words as these: On the second day the answer be- "From this day I give the direction gan to come, and by the third day the and control of my life to the Holy tide had set in so strongly that the Spirit, that Jesus may be glorified in Faculty of the Conference were pro- me." foundly imprest. They met in the So great a change came into his life evening and unanimously passed a as a result that he advised every man resolution accepting the individual who came to him to put his life on the dedication of life as the purpose of same basis. He felt the change chiefly God in bringing the conference to- in two directions: A gradual but con- gether and placing themselves in line sistent growth in his own spiritual with the manifest movement of His life, and a marked increase in per- Spirit. A time of earnest and solemn sonal work. Men came to him and prayer followed, and men felt that

DAYLESFORD

God was very near. Indeed, a kind of lives. We felt as if the Holy Spirit awe settled down upon the leaders as had been visibly present among us, man after man came and reve~led the and we knew that our whole life inner history of his spiritual life that would be very different in the days to he might find the secret of power. come.

Far on into the night the interviews It was, perhaps, natural that some lasted, and before breakfast next should look for a reaction after the morning eight men had made the com- tense life at Daylesford. But no such plete dedication of their lives. reaction took place. The movement The days that followed were unique was too deep and quiet and sane to be in the history of the student movement a merely emotional or passing experi- in Australia. Each night those who ence. It appealed to the will, and it had dedicated their lives met away out touched the deeps. Away from the under the stars to pray by name for warm fellowship of kindred souls, those who had not, and each day more met together for a definite religious men came under the power of the purpose, men still felt the power of Holy Spirit until every man in camp the Holy Spirit, and were still con- was facing the question of the com- scious of His leading. Their love for plete dedication of his life. Some saw Jesus grew in intensity till men opened the truth quickly and yielded gladly. out to them because they felt the Others passed through a period of drawing power of that love. Personal severe mental conflict and spiritual work increased in a marked degree, distress. But it was all so quiet and and other lives were one by one given sane that men felt that the Holy Spirit over to the guidance and control of Himself was at work. One after an- the Holy Spirit, and with each new other they dedicated their lives to surrender faith deepened into cer- Jesus Christ and placed themselves tainty. Students, graduates, teachers, under the direction and control of the business and professional men were Holy Spirit, until only seven were left led to fresh dedication of life, and re- undecided; and as each one did so ceived new power and blessing. From there came into his heart such a new individual to individual the movement sense of peace and power that his very is spreading, and it promises to be face was lit up, till other men noted the quietest, sanest and deepest spir- the change and wondered. itual revival that has ever come to Noone who was at Daylesford can Australia.

ever again doubt the fact that the The principles of the Daylesford Holy Spirit does come with directing movement are very simple, and may and energizing power into the life of be briefly summed up as follows: every man who is willing to place him- I. Jesus sent the Holy Spirit into self absolutely under His guidance the world to transform men into His and control. One of the leading min- likeness and to equip them with power isters in Australia said that he had for His service.

seen more fruit in that one week at 2. The Holy Spirit can do this work Daylesford than in all his previous only in the life that is placed com- ministry. To all of us it was the pletely under His direction and control most wonderful experience in our by a definite act of will.

3. The chief difficulties in the way mediately begins to bear fruit in this of this surrender of life are: (a) Un- direction, and growing joy and power willingness to give up sin, interpreted result. The Holy Spirit leads the suras anything that comes between a man rendered life through those experiand the closest possible communion ences that are best fitted to produce with Christ, or anything that comes Christlikeness of character and power between a man and the highest possi- in personal work. ble kind .of influence upon his fellows; (b) unwillingness to give up the will 7. This personal work is placed deto the control of another, even tho liberately under the guidance of the that other be the Holy Spirit. Men Holy Spirit, and the responsibility of shrink from the irrevocable nature of providing the opportunity is placed the act of will by which the life is upon Him. It is recognized that, owdefinitely placed under the control and ing to subtle differences in personality, guidance of the Holy Spirit. the Holy Spirit can use different men in different ways, and so the responsi- 4. When these difficulties are faced bility of bringing the right men into and overcome and the life is wholly touch is placed upon Him. This preyielded up, the Holy Spirit does come vents indiscriminating buttonholing with transforming and equipping and leads to the most fruitful kind of power. personal work.

5. Men are greatly helped toward 8. Prayer is recognized as the sua realization of the definite act of will preme method through which the Holy by which the life is fully surrendered Spirit works. A group of men agree by expressing it in writing. This to pray for an individual, and they makes the act of will clear and definite ask very definitely that the Holy Spirit by giving it expression and embodi- will lead the man whom He can best ment, while putting one's signature to use into the right kind of touch with the declaration gives a sense of solemn that individual. Each one is alert and committal to that position. ready to be used if the opportunity offers, and they continue to pray till 6. The result of this act of dedica- the man is won. tion is two-fold: (a) It does not result in the sudden creation of a full- 9. Bible study is emphasized along orbed character. You can not make with prayer as absolutely essential to a character as you can a watch. It maintaining the right kind of touch must grow and it must become per- with Christ. This alone will insure fect through stern conflict and suffer- continuous spiritual growth. ing. But dedication does result in a continuous growth toward the likeness 10. Obedience is the condition of .of Jesus, and it does lead to a won- abiding under the guidance and conderful intensifying of love to Christ trol of the Holy Spirit. A man must and to men. (b) The second result of obey the leading or it will be withdedication is that men are drawn by drawn. Briefly stated, these are the the growing likeness to Christ to open main principles underlying the Daylesout their spiritual difficulties, and op- ford Movement. Soon after the portunities of personal work grow in conference a representative group of a most remarkable way. The life im- church and educational leaders was called together in Melbourne, and the

DAYLESFORD MOVEMENT

students told them of what had taken dedicating his life because it might place at Daylesford. Prayer and involve personal work, is now "burn- conference followed, and many men ing a path of light" through the uni- were imprest with what they could versities, and rejoices in the personal not but recognize as a deep work of work which comes unsought. A medI- God's Spirit. cal student, who reveled in sport but Another outcome of the Daylesford fought shy of Christ, is now living for Conference was that the Student Vol- one thing only-to win men to Christ.

unteers decided on a great forward A school-teacher was so deeply im- movement in arousing the churches to prest by the transformation wrought a deeper sense of their responsibility in the character and personality of for the evangelization of the world. her friend that she dedicated her own Just before this the Laymen's Mission- life, and is now a new power in her ary Movement had decided to organ- college. A woman student who did ize a provincial campaign by deputa- not believe in prayer is now so keen tions consisting of representatives of in prayer and personal work that she all the Protestant churches. The plan has been elected president of her Uni- was that a given town was to he versity Women's Union. A young visited at the same week end by the country minister has become so united deputation, and every Protestant changed with power through dedicat- church in the town occupied by mem- ing his life that he has set his con- bers of the deputation, ending up gregation on fire. And so one might with a great united meeting at night. go on for page after page without The Student Volunteers offered to co- doing anything like justice to the operate with the Laymen by sending marvelous results that are showing three of their number with each themselves in individual lives, and united deputation. This offer was thus multiplying themselves in all di- gladly accepted, and for twenty-two rections. Those who have keenly weeks the united delegation cam- watched this movement and noticed paigned the principal centers of Vic- how it moves along the line of mis- toria. The closing address at each sionary appeal, are convinced that town was always a solemn appeal for Goa is pouring out His Spirit upon complete dedication of life, and in this the Church in special measure to equip way the movement extended its influ- her with power to use to the full the ence right through Victoria. The com- marvelous opportunity which now pre- bined appeal of the laymen and the sents itself of evangelizing the world students has been most impressive and in this generation. Who will place fruitful. himself in line with this great move- With regard to individual results ment of God's by giving the guidance one hesitates to write lest one should and control of his life to the Holy seem to betray spiritual confidences. Spirit that Jesus may have the com- But all over Australia are dotted men plete mastery and be glorified in him?

who are filled with a new zeal and a Only in this way can the life be made new power in personal work. A young to tell to the utmost for the coming of doctor, who shrank for days from His Kingdom.

PRESENT STATUS OF MISSIONS IN JAPAN*

BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, PH.D. Professor of Missions at Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

The impact between Christianity the war with Russia still continue deand a variety of Japanese social spite the fact that trade returns of the forces, like most mechanical contacts first half of 1910 indicate the highand collisions, is helping and harm- water mark in Japan's economic hising its cause. Thus the fact that Prot- tory-since much of the manufacturestantism gained its first adherents ing has been unremunerative. Such from the ranks of the Samurai, gave times of stress are not conducive to it a leadership unique among civilized the establishment of self-supporting non-Christian races. Tho they have churches and the liberal provision for ceased to exist under that name, one Japanese pastors which would make finds in the churches an unexpected such a profession attractive, or even proportion of men formerly of that possible, for many young Christians. rank, or else from the middle and Notwithstanding this relative poverty, higher classes of society. A writer in self-support is steadily rising. In 1900 The East and the West stated a year only 95 out of 443 churches were selfago that there were fourteen Chris- supporting, while in 1908 there were tians in the House of Representatives, among them three editors of impor- 169 out of 554, an advance from 21 tant papers and an eminent lawyer. to 32 per cent. The Kumiai churches As in the Diet, Christianity has about affiliated with the American Board eight times its share of representa- have become wholly self-supporting, tion, so in education, journalism, and except that some of them receive aid all that influences the higher life of from the Japanese home missionary the empire, Christians are dispropor- fund. So, too, one notes with adtionately prominent, a fact which miration the splendid response of Domakes greatly for the missionary shisha University's friends, who have cause. recently pledged over 180,000 yen ($9°,000) toward its increased en- This also has its drawbacks. Thus dowment. these highly educated men naturally feel more restive than would men of Japan's political status has an intilower orders in society when laboring mate relation to missions both at home under, or even on a plane of equality and abroad. Thus her former rewith, missionaries from the Occident. sponsibility for Formosa has been This cause of friction has materially greatly enlarged by the annexation of decreased within the last two years. Korea and her relation to Manchuria Another defect of this excellent qual- and the Liaotung Peninsula. In all ity of nobleness is found in the hesi- these sections there is the beginning tancy shown by Japanese pastors and of foreign missions from Japan as a even evangelists to work among the center. In Korea the missionary lower classes, thus reversing Jesus' cause will eventually be greatly aided law, "The poor have the Gospel because of the stability of Japan's preached to them." The Salvation generally beneficent rule and the en- Army with its special motto for last forcement of regulations providing for year, "Strenuous Effort," is excep- entire freedom of religious belief. tional in its labors for the lowly; and Already such men as the late Prince its record for that period of 3,737 in- Ito and the present Resident-General dividuals who were converted at the at Seoul, whose official pronouncedrum-head in 'the open air, or at the ment last September silenced the atmercy-seat in the indoor meetings, tacks of the Japanese press upon the missionaries in Korea, have proved of proves the efficacy of its motto. the utmost value to the work. Chris- Economic conditions have likewise tian responsibility for a nation not at all related to her has led to the beginaided and retarded the labors of the nings of a mission to the Chinese in year. The hard times occasioned by • From the Homiletic Review. Peking itself, a recent step consequent the religions of the civilized world." in part upon an experiment in another The past two years have seen a wide Chinese city some four years ago. As extension of Confucian societies which so many Formosans are really Chi- ordinarily have two important meetnese, missions there will affect the ings, or at least one, a year at which progress of Chinese evangelization di- distinguished speakers set forth the rectly, as well as by the establishment claims of that ethic upon the Japanese. of greater liberty and safety of life. Possibly a statement from a recent ut- terance by Professor Inouye of the Were it not for the hostile attitude Imperial University will be fairly repof two or three of our Western States resentative of its present aspirations. an American citizen would soon be His position is that the function of Conable to hold property in Japan in fee fucianism is that of supplying moral simple, but as the expectation is that education without the aid of any histhis right will be granted only where toric religion. "It directly points to there is reciprocity in this respect, our the goal of mankind, the universal and missionary boards will probably still eternal principle of humanity, apart need to hold land under a joint-stock from any religious dogma. For this company arrangement. This same reason we conclude that, tho the Pacific Slope opposition and the "war framework of Confucianism has alscare" articles which have appeared ready decayed, its soul, still living as during the year have alienated the in- before and forming the essential part terest of certain elements in society of present-day education, will conwho are more or less antagonistic in tinue to exist in a new garb for long consequence. The national self-con- ages to come." sciousness has operated during all the half-century of Protestant missions in So far as Jesus is concerned, a long Japan either to expedite or to retard article in the November issue of the the progress of Christianity. When Michi makes him one of two great it has appeared to favor national ad- pairs of Sages-Socrates and Confuvancement, it goes forward by leaps cius, and Buddha and Jesus. While and bounds; when it has threatened admitting the essential greatness of in any way national greatness, it has Jesus, he objects both to him and Budebbed again. On the whole, the tide dha in that as celibates they are hostile is rising at present. to the social foundation of all society. The article would add a third pair to No small part of Christianity's in- this roll of sagehood, Kant and Darfluence upon Japan is seen in the gen- win. eral desire to rehabilitate its ancient faiths, and to bring them into line with Buddhists have been readiest to the thought and methods of Christi- adopt the aggressive features of Chrisanity. The Shintoist is least affected tianity with which to press their modby this evolutionary process. Such ern propaganda. Professor Takakasu believers, now that the State has de- states that, with few exceptions, Budclared that Shintoism is not to be re- dhists are doing the preaching among garded as a religion, are in the atti- prisoners "after the best methods of tude of Professor Kunitake Kume, the Test, and thus render great servwho says of himself: "In what, then, ice to the country." They are holding do I believe? I can not answer that meetings for the army, at factories and question directly. I turn to the Shinto among the poor. They found associapriest in case of public festivals, while tions for the children, as well as for the Buddhist priest is my ministrant young men and women. Orphan asyfor funeral services. I regulate my lums, schools for the deaf and dumb, conduct according to Confucian max- charity hospitals, prisoners' aid sociims and Christian morals. I care little eties, free lodging-houses, and temperfor external forms, and doubt whether ance and reform societies are other there is any essential difference in the items named by Doctor Takakasu. Ac- Kami's (god's) eyes between any of cording to the Japan Times, "Some

Buddhist sects are bold enough to have ination alone, the Congregational, the adopted Christian hymns, and some fruitage in baptisms of the first four Buddhist temples are now used as months of last year was 750, as com- places for conducting marriage cere- pared with 380 in all of 1906. The monies after the manner of Christian work just alluded to has been mainly churches." Certain sects are decided- in the larger cities, but the meetings ly missionary in their activities, hav- have inspired the hitherto rather re- ing representatives in China, Korea, luctant Japanese pastors to ask for a Siberia, the Malay Peninsula, Hawaii, large number of missionaries from and on our Pacific Slope. The great home lands to push the campaign into Hongwanji Temple of the Shin Sect the rural districts.

is said to have sixty or seventy mis- The paper presented at the Edin- sionaries in Korea, and to have gained burgh Conference called conservative- twenty thousand converts. ly for an increase of missionaries dur- Evangelizing The Unreached ing the next decade of 25 per cent. These two hundred new recruits Following the jubilee of Japan's should be placed at strategic centers Protestant occupation, which occurred with a care also for advance along the in October, 1909, there has been a lines least resistance, rather than acrenewed interest in the work. On that cording to uniform units of populaoccasion the missionaries took an ac- tion. There is pretty general agreecount of stock, and with the added im- ment that they should always be assopetus derived from the late Edinburgh ciated with Japanese colleagues. The Conference a new attempt has been diffusionists, who are perhaps in the made to find a better alinement of majority, hold that the missionary is forces. Thus last summer a careful peculiarly fitted to open new fields, in survey of about one-fourth of the country districts in particular, because population has been made, with the re- of his greater independence and re- sulting decision that hitherto too little sourcefulness and his superior pres- attention has been bestowed upon the tige. Pastor Imai frankly states that country districts. With 57 per cent. in his opinion, with the exception of of the missionaries residing in eight specialists and other very exceptional cities, ranging from 287 in Tokyo to men, "missionaries do not shine in the 30 in Nagasaki, the distribution of larger cities, but the farther they go forces among small cities and towns up into the country, the more esteemed has been impossible. Hence the 80 and influential they are." The con- per cent. of the population usually centrationists, arguing from general counted as rural is the section which principles and from the marvelous is now to be more adequately cared achievements of Archbishop Nicolai for; tho "adequately" is not the word in this direction, would have most of to use of many parts of the empire, the missionaries stay in large cities, since there is absolutely no care for and there train Japanese leaders, who them at present. will· carry the Gospel more irresistibly An earnest attempt has been made into the smaller towns and villages.

this last year to reach the "thirty-five The past year has also seen another cities of over twenty thousand, more form of work successfully carried on, than two hundred cities of over ten that of reaching vast multitudes thousand, sixteen hundred towns of through the tercentennial of the foun- over five thousand, and thousands of dation of the city of Nagoya. Plans smaller towns and villages without a made two years since have material~ single worker." The former methods ized in a fruitful ninety days' cam~ of "concentrated evangelism" are giv- paign at the exposition there, and at ing place to those of "expanding evan- least a thousand heard the Gospel gelism." Tho only remotely resem- daily last summer. Of these more bling the Pentecosts of Korea, this than three thousand have given in effort is succeeding. In one denom- their names and have been assigned

PRESENT STATUS OF MISSIONS IN

for further spiritual care to churches views seem to many simple supersti- near their distant homes. Being an tions. The recent renewal of the Uni- interdenominational movement, it has tarian mission has caused a breach strengthened the growing sense of among its adherents largely because, Christian unity. "If anyone has been with the return of the missionary and deluding himself that the preachers in his use of prayer in Unity Hall, there Japan are . . . unsound," Mr. Mc- was a strong protest by those J apa- Alpine writes, "the stirring Gospel nese who either regarded it as a waste calls that daily ring in that hall would of time, or else as arising from a gross rouse him to revise and reverse his misconception of the character of God.

opInIons. Nothing out of harmony In a long article a Japanese Unitarian with the pure Gospel is ever heard charitably excuses the position taken there, as is always the case when men by the missionary on the ground of grow profoundly in earnest to save his advancing age and consequent se- souls." nility. Within the year the Rational- The desirability of reaching indi- ist Press Association of London has viduals through Christian literature established a periodical in Japan, and sent in response to advertisements is through dinners and the press of the increasingly manifest. Nicodemuses country, they are urging their claims.

abound in Japan, and persons in re- Happily, because of Captain Brink- mote places who are slightly interested ley's love of truth and fair play, the in Christanity but who can not come Japan Weekly Mail adminsters well- to Christian centers are legion. Such deserved rebukes occasionally, as when persons have in some degree been a scathing and crushing reply was reached through this kind of work made last July to Sir Hiram S. Max- -"correspondence evangelism," the im's falsehoods relative to mission- movement is called, and at present aries and their inability to speak the Mr. Pieters is spending his furlough truth when discussing religion. Yet partly in the interests of a vastly en- Captain Brinkley is a frank critic of larged propaganda of this very re- the missionary body when such com- warding sort. Another class of literal ments are deserved.

"shuts-ins," the prisoners of the Hok- Latest Statistic. kaido, have during the past two years been wondrously reached by the Gos- The latest statistics of Protestantpel. From the Tokaichi prison it is ism, published last October in The reported that within this period nearly Christian Movement in Japan, contain two thousand prisoners have become the following among a multitude of practically a Christian community, ecclesiastical data: Communicants in most of them having been converted full membership, 60,635, or if probafrom their evil ways; and nearly all tioners, catechumens, and baptized the prison officials have followed the children are included, 75,608 memexample of the Philippian jailer. bers ; organized churches, 546, of which 296 have buildings and 172 are Modern Theology wholly self-supporting, including the Such notes of encouragement, as pastor's salary; scholars and teach- well as many others, like the campaign ers in Sunday-schools, 80,568; amount of Rev. R. Gerbold and Evangelist raised by Japanese churches for all Tonomura which has been successful purposes during the preceding year, from the Hokkaido to Korea, can not $I34,67I.50, which is slightly less than prevent the emergence of an under- six-tenths the amount expended in tone of apprehension. Thus Protest- Japan by the missionary boards, ex- antism is increasingly influenced by cluding missionary salaries and ex- "modernism,' sometimes of an ex- penses; 65 boarding-schools for boys treme sort. New theology and a non- and for girls, with 8,995 students; day miraculous Christianity appeal to the schools, including kindergartens, 84, Japanese mind, while conservative with 6,777 pupils; volumes published

during the year at miSSIOn presses, But none the less Japan can not but be 92 0,088; 15 orphanages with 761 or- influential. Tho China had only 4,237 phans; and 12 industrial establish- students learning in Japan last April ments having 278 inmates. More im- as against three times that number in portant than these from the point of 19°7, what nation is molding the opinview of administration are the mis- ions and lives of as many alien stusionaries from the Occident, 319 men dents from a single country as that? and 612 women, including 285 mis- And Korea has her young leaders to sionaries' wives; and even more im- the number of 686 in Japanese instiportant are the 1,164 Japanese min- tutions of higher learning-to be inisters and helpers and the 401 faith- fluenced for evil or for good in a land ful Bible women engaged in the thick which is not Christian, to say the least. of the fight. When these figures are Then, too, a great mass of harmful contrasted with the 218,517 Buddhist literature is going from the empire and Shinto temples and shrines pre- into China and elsewhere. Korea sided over by 216,712 priests and especially, with its marvels of Pentepreachers of those faiths, we realize costal fire, has seen thousands of that one Christian to about 700, and simple-minded folk press into the one Japanese Christian worker to 36,- kingdom. Surely the Church must 000 of the population are in a well- see their peril from incoming rationalnigh hopeless minority. Surely the ism and materialism incident to Jarequest for reenforcements and finan- pan's recent assumption of rule. cial support have abundant reason behind them. As Rev. T. H. Haden To make that leadership welcome said at the semi-centennial: "The and helpful, Japan needs Christian forces against us are overwhelming regeneration. The veneer of our civin number, well organized, skilfully ilization she has; its rock foundation led, and strongly fortified. It is only she sorely needs. You can not destroy because we are sure that Christianity feudalism in a half century, nor make is of God and that God is working Samurai into humble and saintly miswith us, that we are strong and of sioners-as a mass. "What is done good courage." for Japan," reads the Japanese section of the Edinburgh Commission's report Japanese Leadership on carrying the Gospel to all the non- Christian world, "is done for the whole "Japan leading the Orient-but Orient. . . . The educated portion of whither?" has become a missionary the population is already largely natucommonplace. That leadership is less ralistic and agnostic. Few educators pronounced than it was four years have any use for religion at all. Hence ago. The covert or open suspicion there is a process going on which, if that her earlier rallying cry, "Asia for unchecked, will make it very difficult the Asiatics!" really means Asia for for the Gospel to find entrance. Meanthe Japanese has diminished her influ- while, also, the transition stage will ence; and in China, because of ocular pass, and the country will settle down proofs of the proposition in the fate to more fixt modes of thought. It is, of Korea, Manchuria, and threaten- therefore, necessary to act quickly and ingly in the Liaotung Peninsula, it has give Japan without delay all she needs awakened apprehension and hatred. in the way of missionaries and educa- tional institutions,"

AND THE GOSPEL*

BY MRS. LILLIAN H. UNDERWOOD, M.D., SEOUL, KOREA China and Japan, Korea's neigh- ing the one God, and while in Japan bors, loom so large geographically there is not the faintest trace of. such and politically that the tendency is to a worship, in Korea, tho a thousand underrate Korea; but when we re- lesser and unworthy deities now crowd member that this nation has a civiliza- the pantheon, the one great universal tion thousands of years old, that she Ruler is still worshiped at times by gave to Japan its Buddhism, its tem- the whole nation, and even occasionple architecture, and much of its best ally by private individuals. But the ceramic art, that her alphabet is the ancient purity of faith and worship second best in the world, that she en- has become sadly darkened, the najoyed a form of constitutional govern- tion has fallen from its pristine simment in the midst of despotisms, that plicity of faith, and with that fall has her invention of printing with mov- come decay, its old arts are •.)st, its able type preceded all others, that she old vigor is gone, and we fmd only has a population of over I 2,000,000, the ruins of its ancient greatness. and that she occupies geographically and politically a strategic position in Partly, however, through the openthe Far East, we must admit this peo- ing of its doors to foreign nations, ple is worth our very serious atten- partly through the introduction of Christianity, partly under the sharp tion. spur of national humiliation and the The ancient history of Korea is full influx of a flood of Japanese, the peo- ple are awaking and there is a new of interest, but especially so is its spirit abroad; a desire for progress earliest religion. The story of the and change, for an education, for the birth of a divine King from a virgin, power with which Western science through the overshadowing power of and art has armed their neighbors, the a divine Spirit, is unique, we believe, Japanese, the power of the white men in the mythology of the world. This of the West. King chose to be born that he might more effectually uplift the world by Of the twelve or more millions of coming into personal touch with men. this population, the Church has gained By him was instituted the monothe- in a quarter of a century-counting istic worship of the great Ruler of the even the newest adherents-200,000, universe, a worship conducted in roof- leaving at least 11,800,000 people still less temples, with the occasional sacri- untouched by the Gospel. What is the fice of sheep, and with prayers offered condition of these unsaved? What after cleansing the body with the are the probabilities concerning them in the near future if not reached soon? purest water.t What is the character of the Chris- This worship, taken in connection tianity developed where they are reached? What is the duty of the inwith the cold rice feast, in nearly dividual Christian in the homeland every particular so closely resem- concerning them? bling the feast of unleavened bread, their custom of sprinkling the side- Heathenism in Korea posts and lintel of the door with blood once a year, to ward off evil The condition of the heathen can spirits, and many other things, lead only be realized by those who, living almost unavoidably to the conclusion among themselves, know the privileges that in very ancient times they must and blessings of Christianity. To be have been in touch with divine truth, without succor in hours of direst perhaps through the Jewish people agony, to have none of the ameliorathemselves. tions of hard natural condjtions, which follow in the wake of Christianity, to While in China the ancient mono- have no philanthropic institutions or theism has almost died out, only the emperor on state occasions worship- * From the Christian Observer. t ::;~e Hulbert's "History of Korea," and Under wood's "Theisms of the Far East."

refuges for the poor, the insane, the keenness of perception which smarts, blind, the crippled, the orphans; to their lack at least of these things, so be saddled with unholy and grinding that to-day scarcely one of all these social customs, as the division of fam- unsaved millions but has a new ideal, ily life, child marriage, concubinage, tho a low one, that is, national inde- the tyranny unspeakable of the priest pendence, power education, wealth, and sorcerer, and the host of malevo- greatness.

lent spirits, are, tho terrible, the least The Koreans are not drowsily re- of the evils of heathen darkness, for clining, waiting and ready for the mes- when a man with a divine inheritance, sengers of the Cross to come and a spiritual life, a God-given nature, arouse them as they were a few years loses his knowledge of this, loses his ago; they are up and moving, and if divine hope, his spiritual ideal, and we would have that movement in the becomes "without hope and without right direction it behooves us to be God in the world," his misery is com- quick. There is no time to lose in plete, his damnation spiritual and Korea to-day. With political changes physical is begun, all other evils are have come new influences, new moral simply the attendants and concomit- forces, new dangers, which are losing ants of this. "This is life eternal that no time, wasting no opportunities, they might know Thee, the only true neglecting no open doors.

God and Jesus Christ whom Thou There is perchance yet time for the has sent." Christian Church to guide this move- So we find these millions of Ko- ment of a people in the right direction, reans like other millions of heathen, but if this opportunity is not speedily reduced very nearly to the level of ani- improved, they will soon be far out of mals in all essential partiCUlars, the sight, sailing with strange tides and intellect undergoing a gradual atro- adverse winds to wreck and ruin.

phy, as it is called, into action only Nothing can be more disastrous to for material and sensual uses, the old these nations and the world than that.

arts dying or dead, the old strength of like irresponsible children, they should.

heart and arm and cunning of hand be armed with the luxuries and weap- decaying, thought rising no higher ons which Christianity makes possible, than the thought of the animal; for without the moral and intellectual physical satisfaction and comfort, the poise, which the spirit of God only life they know has become little more can give.

than meat. Looking at the little that has been In Christian lands the diffused and accomplished, rather than at the im- reflected light of the Gospel is so wide- mense task that remains, forgetting spread, and the material and political the glorious opportunity before us, blessings which follow Christianity, and the corresponding fearful respon- so general, that the real fruits of a sibility and the immediate risk of tre- godless state are not so evident, and mendous loss which threatens us, the unbelievers do not themselves realize Church in America is beginning to that they are bereft of their real life. say, with fatuous short-sightedness, Only a mother knows the rapture of "Korea is nearly saved and needs no motherhood, only a Christian that of more help," or "Korea has more than the god-life, so these civilized heathen her share of men and money"; and if are unconscious that they are dis- this thought becomes general, in all inherited, poor, wretched, hungry, human probability, the day of grace blind, and naked. But in countries for the Church of Christ in this coun- like Korea, once awakened, the con- try will be past, one more golden op- trast between themselves and nations portunity lost.

which are profiting by the material "What is the reason these 11,800,- benefits of Christianity, are very 000 men have not been reached? Are sharply drawn, and they realize with they more conservative, or more dull,

AND THE

or more wedded to old beliefs?" Oh, their lips; of liquor dealers who have no; the reason is purely a matter of poured out their living in the ditches physics. Given a limited time and in complete surrender, of men who number of workers, the work they can cheerfully submitted to be completely do, even spiritual work, allowing all ostracized for Christ, forbi<lden the other conditions to be favorable, will wells, forced to drink from ditches, depend on these, too, as God has seen turned out of their homes, unable to fit to advance His Kingdom. buy or sell; of ladies of gentle birth, We have a singularly responsive, accustomed to seclusion, going out on sympathetic people, who are ready the roads to hold meetings in strange with remarkable zeal to take up the villages, and to peddle books; of lit- work of propagating the Gospel, but tle children going without their dinwith any race long opprest by heathen- ners, or working before dawn to earn ism it is necessary that a sufficient a few half-cents for Christ; of women number of foreign missionaries be on se11ing their hair, when they had noththe field for a period of years, how ing else to give, and farmers selling long, we do not yet know, to guide and the only ox to help build a church, of direct the work of the native Chris- women building a church with their tians, and to supplement it. It seems own hands, of hundreds of rings and to remain a self-evident fact, pointing hair ornaments sold for Christ. One with accusing finger, to Christian does not known where to begin or lands, that had a sufficient number of where to stop, but one can not avoid missionaries been sent to Korea, were the conviction that it all means wholethey sent even now, were sufficient hearted surrender, loyal love and per- Christian hospitals, schools and other similar agencies established and gen- sonal devotion. erously supported, almost the whole In each of several individual churches. land would to-day be E:hristian. They are not Gospel-hardened and indiffer- during the year, a thousand new beent, but are ready to receive new lievers have been brought in by the truth, they feel its need, but the fact is that the Church is sending too few personal work of believers; 76,066 men even to shepherd and nourish those who are brought in by Korean entire days of evangelistic work were Christians; and groups of new be- pledged during the winter by men in lievers are being neglected, because it attendance at the winter Bible conis a physical impossibility for the few ferences; nearly 700,000 Gospels of missionaries to properly care for Mark were purchased by Christians to them. give away to unbelievers, and during the winter and early spring nearly As to the character of the Chris- 5,000 women have traveled on foot tianity developed in Korea, a few over bad and dangerous roads, many words. Hosts of iIlustra..!ions crowd of them with their supply of rice on the mind when one tries to write of their heads and their babies on their this-illustrations seen every day, and backs, to attend Bible classes in the related by missionaries from every large stations. One old woman over station. Repeated instances of appar- seventy walked 40 miles to reach one ently hopeless and worthless drunk- such class; missionaries awake at midards, gamblers and renegades who night to hear Koreans singing in midhave become noble Christian men; of night prayer-meetings. A whole concriminals who on conversion have con- gregation gathers at 4 A.M. morning fest their crimes and gone voluntarily after morning in winter to pray for a to torture and death with songs on revival. These facts testify to the kind of Christians God manufactures out of Koreans. They are a living testimony to the present power of God.

EDITORIALS

BEGINNING AND CONTINUING very few instances are these methods adopted. The awakened interest is It is easier to start an evil story or allowed to wane and a dead level is a hurtful movement than to stop it. again reached, from which it is more On the other hand, it is easier to start difficult than ever to arouse the a good movement than to keep it Church. Pastors claim to be too busy, going. "To begin is poetry, to con- and church officers are too much pretinue is prose." It is easy to sow occupied to devote the time necessary weeds and tares on good soil, to start to work the machinery. We need a contagious disease, to set in circula- more prayer and more spiritual power. tion a baseless slander, or to awaken The emphasis must be placed in the the passions of a mob, and these will right place-right relationship with keep going with gathering momentum. God, and a desire to do only the things It is a little more difficult to plant which please Him. Then other regood seed, to establish a sanitary sys- sults are bound to follow; Ii fe will tem, to put the truth into circulation, find expression; love will find a way or to arouse a multitude to Christlike to serve. enthusiasm; and it is immensely harder to maintain these good things The Woman's Missionary Jubilee successfully. Committee hold up high hopes for the results of the campaign of last winter The same principle applies to the and spring. They ask that the vision great movements now so much in be translated into life, that a new vogue. Evangelists often do noble standard of sacrifice and service be work. They awaken individuals and adopted, and that the impulses awacommunities to a sense of their duty to kened be not allowed to die out. The God and men, but on the cessation of slimmer schools and conferences are special meetings these individuals and doing much for missionary education, communities lapse into sleep again. but nothing will avail except there be The real results of the Laymen's Mis- a new life and love of God implanted sionary Movement, the Woman's Mis- in the heart, a dependence upon Him sionary Jubilee Campaign, and the rather than upon men and machinery, "World in Boston" exposition are not and for difficult and unpleasant tasks seen in the large and enthusiastic at- a perseverance, a sense of duty and a tendance or in the immediate gifts; courage which will not give up or actheir real value can only be judged by cept defeat. "Therefore, my beloved the permanent impulse to more Christ- brethren, be ye stedfast, immovable, like character and more unselfish serv- always abounding in the work of the ice. The failure of any lasting bene- Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your fit is not necessarily or usually the labor is not in vain in the Lord." fault of the evangelists and leaders, but is due to the apathy and weakness ARE MISSIONS A CHURCH LUXURY? of the local men and women, who should help to maintain the standards When the devil is disturbed he beand keep up the work. A missionary gins to fight. In a recent number of sermon once a year or once a month a popular magazine there appears an will not make a missionary church. article, purporting to come from a The spirit and vision of Christ must clergyman, which objects to the low be maintained and manifested in the salaries paid to preachers, and implies life and character of the pastor and that the money given to missions is responsible for the fact that the minpeople and in all the services and work isters are underpaid. Old, often exof the Church. ploded, stories and refuted statements fill the article and attempt to prove The leaders of the Laymen's Move- that giving money and men to missions ment have planned extensive follow- is a waste. up campaigns, and have suggested excellent methods for keeping up the It is one thing to discover a case of interest in cities and churches, but in sickness and quite another to diagnose the command of Christ to "Go preach." it correctly as to its nature and cause, and it is still more difficult to prescribe 3. The present-day history of misthe proper remedy. It is doubtless sions shows their value. The Chinese true that the majority of preachers are greatly underpaid-and others are Christian Church has doubled in size overpaid at $600 a year. It is true since the Boxer rebellion ten years that some missionaries are overpaid- ago, and there have been an average and others would be underpaid at of twenty converts a day for every $6,000 a year. It is true that some day the missionaries have been workmissionaries live more comfortably than ma11y pastors of churches at ing in Korea. In various parts of the home, and it is true that the conduct world communities have been regenof foreign missions costs money. But is it true that missions are an unneces- erated and others have been transsary luxury which the Church at home formed through the preaching of the could better afford to do without? Gospel. If the author of the article Anyone who so argues is not only mentioned were suddenly shipwrecked densely ignorant of history, but is piti- on a coast where cannibals had been fully lacking in knowledge of the transformed into Christians, it would teachings and spirit of Jesus Christ. not take him long to change his mind about the value of foreign missions. I. Our Lord has taught and experience has proven that the missionary 4. But the fallacy and foolishness spirit and work are essential to true of the contention that giving to mis- Christianity. It can not be expected sions impoverishes the Church at home that those who deny the Deity and and decreases the pastor's salary has Lordship of Jesus Christ should mani- been proved wherever it has been testfest His spirit or obey His commands. ed. There never yet was a truly mis- They do not believe it is necessary, sionary spirited Church that did not and may not think it wise to seek the provide for those of its own houseconversion of the world or even the hold. The obedience to the command preaching of the Gospel for a witness of Christ brings with it His blessing, to all nations. But one can not be a and those who seek first His kingdom consistent Christian without acknowl- find that God does add all else that is edging the binding and compelling needful and best. One church (of character of the commands of Christ which the editor is a member), which to "go into all the world," and to "be is an example of many, was a few witnesses to all nations." Neglect is years ago paying a small salary to the disloyalty and a betrayal of a sacred pastor, had a mortgage of $r8,(X)O, trust. received about $500 a year from out- side sources to help pay expenses, and 2. History confirms the wisdom and was always running behind. The pasvalue of foreign as well as of home tor did not think of himself, but of missions. If it had not been for the his Lord and the kingdom. The church obedience of the Apostle Paul and his was giving $240 a year to foreign missuccessors the writer of the article re- sions and $roo to home. The pastor ferred to would be to-day a naked and preached missions and urged the peouncivilized heathen, in place of one ple to support their own missionary. clothed but not in his right mind. Our They adopted the individual contribudebt to foreign missions can never be tion plan, and immediately pledged paid by any sacrifice. We see the re- $1,000 a year for a foreign missionsult of natural religion in the savages ary. The church began to prosper of Africa, the fate of widows in India, forthwith. They increased the pasand the inhumanities in China. All tor's salary, built a chapel for $z5,(X)O, we have that is worth having we owe paid off the mortgage, gave up receiv- ing money from outside sources, and to God and those who have obeyed increased other benevolences fivefold –all in ten years. The people learned

the joy of giving, and every object nearly nineteen years, and have a con- felt the benefit. "There is that giveth gregation of not over 120 people, yet and yet increaseth; there is that with- I have received from those people in holdeth more than is meet and it tend- that period to help give the Gospel to eth to poverty." every creature, that so the Church Foreign missions a luxury? They might be completed, and the kingdom are a necessity, as necessary as that a come, over $II5,000 without special stream which is to give life on the effort, and without a missionary combanks near the spring shall flow on to mittee or organization of any kind. give life to the regions beyond. Stag- For the last six years they have avernation is death. aged over $8,000 a year for missions, simply by keeping their privileges be- A PASTOR'S TESTIMONY fore them by a few letters from mis- The cause of the poverty of the sionaries at every Wednesday evening Church at home, and the small salaries service, and occasionally one or two at paid to preachers, is not the loyalty a Sunday service. of men to Christ or their large-heartedness; the cause is the small caliber Our current expenses are not over of so many Christians that leads $3,000 a year, and these, with the them to seek gifts rather than to give money for missions, all come easily them. The following is a testimony and voluntarily, without a lecture or from one pastor: social or entertainment of any kind.

Do not say, "Can God ?" Thus Let every minister in a humble Israel in unbelief spake against God place be of good courage. Preach (Ps. 78: 19). Rather let us say, "Lord, faithfully that Jesus is God, that the it is nothing with Thee to help, wheth- whole Bible is the Word of God, all er with many or with them that have given by the Holy Spirit; that Jesus no power" (2 Chron. 14: II). In Christ saves by His precious blood all these days of great movements in re- who come unto God by Him; that He ligious matters where there is apt to ever liveth to make intercession for be more or less leaning upon, and fel- His people; that He is coming again lowship with, the world lying in the for His Church, and later, with His wicked one, perhaps unconsciously, Church, to judge the nations, bind the there are many hundreds of mini&ters devil, convert Israel, as Saul of Tarin small parishes who might be used sus was converted, and set up a kingof God to help Him work the field dom of peace and righteousness on which is the world, beyond their ut- earth; and you will see how God will most thought, would they but accept honor and bless His own truth. His plan for this age, and let Him, through them work out His eternal D. M. STEARNS. GER.MANTOWN, Phila., Pa., August, 191 I.

purpose. DR. JOWETT IN NEW YORK I feel constrained to bear a testi- mony to such as are willing to hear it. The advent of Rev. J. H. Jowett to I have been for over thirty-one years the leading Presbyterian cl1urch of the an ordained pastor, having in that American metropolis marks an era.

period three charges. I have never From intimate personal acquaintance had a large congregation, nor a mod- we are prepared to affirm that the key- ern church building, always a small note of his whole ministry will be es- building and, comparatively, a mere sentially a missionary one, in the best handful of people; yet I have seen sense. His opening sermon fully fore- God working, as many others might casts such a character for all his work see Him if they would, but believe in this Metropolis, and suggests no Him and live in the comfort of 2 narrow and contracted notions of Chron. 16: 9. what mission work is.

I have been in my present parish His sermon was a unique presentation of two texts which at first glance their salvation there will be no cor- seem rather divergent than conver- responding effort to redeem and save.

gent. The first was the familiar refer- He also demonstrated that out of ence to the Savior's compassion on the such compassion will be born first all multitude, whom He saw as a flock of pra'J'er, but not mere sentimental sup- sheep, scattered, shepherdless, harried plication, but the praying will be by dogs and wolves; and the second working. He who said "pray ye," said also, "go ye." He who once feels was the equally familiar comparison such compassion can not keep silence or remain idle. He will make use of of these same uncared-for throngs to prayer as the mightiest dynamic force a field of grain, ripe and ready for in the moral and spiritual universe the sickle of the reaper. and he will turn prayer to the Lord of the Harvest into action, himself He maintained that, beneath the going into the white fields to reap the difference of figure there lies an es- golden sheaves. sential unity of idea. It is the very fact that the great multitude are dis- The whole discourse might well be couraged, sick of themselves and their transferred to these pages as an arsurroundings and harassed by foes of ticle on the Vision of Human Need their peace and prosperity that consti- and the Passion for Human Life. And tutes their ripeness and readiness for we rejoice in such a foremost pulpit Christian effort and redemptive love. to have a foremost leader of missions The flock, needing a shepherd, thus re- at home and abroad. Dr. Jowett's sembles a field needing the reaper. marvelous sermon may well set the Souls ready to be ministered to and key to many another pUlpit. We need saved are like sheaves ready to be to feel the fact that no ministry reaped and garnered. reaches its true level that does not rise far above all provincial limits and ec- Then, having first so luminously clesiastical narrowness, to take in the expounded his companion texts and vision of a lost world and the misdrawn one essential lesson, Dr. Jow- sion at any cost to redeem it.-A. T. P. ett dwelt on the passion and compassion which the sight of the multitude awakened. He incidentally no- ticed how many words of beautiful UNWHOLESOME READING meaning seem to go wandering about like dethroned monarchs who have No less a man than Archdeacon lost their crowns. Among these words Sinclair has been drawing public at- is "compassion." It has ceased to have tention to unwholesome and vicious for us its deep meaning. The Lord reading. He says that the passion for Jesus restores its lost significance: in mere pleasure has invaded the sphere His compassion, four necessary ele- of duty; that parents do not now care- ments combine: first, a stainless holi- fully scan books which young people ness; second, a burning indignation read; and that an enormous amount against wrong; third, a personal fel- of pernicious literature, both in books lowship with the victims of sinful and magazines, has flooded the mar- habit; and fourth, a passionate desire ket. Cheap novelettes that not only for their salvation that leads to seIf- supply no high impulses for duty, but sacrifice for them. present false ideas and ideals of life With rare insight, Dr. Jowett and character are frequently tainted showed the need of these four ele- with the poison of vicious suggestion ments to combine in a true compas- and destroy an appetite for a better sion. Without profound sympathy with class of books. We need a missionary holiness and fierce indignation against effort carried on in this direction.

wrong, there will be no sensitive con- The effect of unwholesome reading science toward sin and no deep sense may be seen even in the intellectual of its grief and peril, and without fel· and moral character of the young, lowship with sinners and passion for and in the deterioration of family life.

MISSIONARY

ASIA to do is to effect a practical reform in the Buddhist ranks, to turn out a JAP AN-KOREA new class of Buddhist teachers, to save Buddhism from extinction. Altho Christianity as a Statesm",n Sees It there are among the Buddhists a small number of highly respected and highly At the opening of the new dormi- virtuous priests, they are known more tory and Young Men's Christian As·· as scholars and men of refinement sociation building at Waseda Univer- than as teachers of religion. The insity in Tokyo, Count Okuma, the fluence they exercise on the millions head of the university and a states- of professing Buddhists is infinitesiman of great experience, in a not- mally small. Speaking of the religion able address, said: "The springs generally, we may say that it has deof modern progress are to be found scended to the level of a sale of prayin the teachings of the Sage of Ju- ers and ceremonies for such payment dea, in which alone is to be found as people can be induced to make." the moral dynamic which can raise man above his sin and wretchedness."

What a Christian Hymn Did Japan'. Task in Korea A rich Japanese silk merchant sent Japan is taking hold in earnest of for the missionaries in his town, and its responsibilities in Korea. It is now entertained them most hospitably. He seeking to raise $28,000,000 for the told how, as a child, he had attended purpose of improving transportation a Sabbath-school. "Very often," he facilities. In the interior of Korea said, "right in the midst of my busi- there are hardly any roads deserving ness the words of the hymn, 'Jesus the name. Men or pack-animals transloves me, this I know,' come to me, port the necessaries of life. The farm· and, try as I may, I can't get them ers have practically no carts. Roads out of my mind." He then repeated are to be constructted and railroads the hymn from beginning to end, and are to be extended. Railroads in Korea added: "Tho I've lived my life with- are government property. At the same out religion, I feel that it is the most time the seaports are to be improved. important thing there is, and I want A basin large enough for six steamers my little girl to be a Christian; and will be constructed in the principal it is for that purpose," he added, em- port, Chemulpo, a port which at presphatically, "that I have placed her in ent steamers can not enter, and on the mission-school. that she may be- stormy days no cargo can be taken to come a Christian." or from the steamers.

Japanese Philosopher Against Buddha Bible Work of Koreans for Japanese Dr. Kato, one of the foremost of the The reality of the development of thinkers of the Flowery Kingdom, Christianity is witnessed by the fact says: "In recent times Buddhism has that the Koreans are conducting the done nothing but go from bad to work of Bible distribution among the worse, and it is to-day in a pitiable Japanese immigrants. The American condition. It is just living on the small Bible Society's work in the country is amount of more than half-spent ener- now an independent one. In its first gy that remains to it. It still suc- year of independence nearly 117,000 ceeds in giving a certain amount of volumes have been sold, which is an comfort to ignorant old men and old increase of 66 per cent. over the prewomen on whom its priests manage vious year. The Korean and Chito impose. It is not the Buddhist re- nese texts are printed together in ligion that is bad, but its professors. the new edition of the New Testa- As a religion, Buddhism is superiol ment. The Old Testament has just to Christianity, but Christian pastors appeared, and is being sold at fifty are greatly superior to Buddhist cents a copy. It is hoped to sell priests. What the sect should aim 100,000 within the year. Bible women are busily engaged in putting the thirds of the congregation sat outside Scriptures into the hands of the in the cold, warming their hands ocwomen of the country. Already this casionally by a large bonfire as they has borne no little fruit, and the con- listened to the story of God's love." dition of Korean women has wonderfully improved, an improvement due Conversion of a Blind Sorcerer entirely to the Christianizing influences at work. Mr. Bruen of Taiku tells of a blind sorcerer-the profession of witchcraft KOr"ean Christians in Earnest is in Korea reserved for the blind, as that of massage in Japan-who was On March 3 there was graduated a convicted of sin on hearing streetclass of 17 boys from a mission preaching, renounced his very lucraschool in Seoul, not less than 70 per tive business, and Sunday after Suncent. of whom will go into the minis- day groped his way IS Ii to attend try. A man's training class of 130 church. To learn the Bible he cut Ul' was held recently in Kongju. At Standard Oil tin cans into 5,000 small that time 260 days of preaching were squares with it hole through each. subscribed. There was also a class These he threaded on a string, makof 150 women in attendance. Thirty- ing indentations in different cornet:. two were baptized. to indicate various letters of the Ko- rean alphabet. The final consonants A Business Man and a Missionary he indicated with 2,000 pieces of wood of varying shapes. His plan was to Kank Won Suk, a member for 13 have a friend read out John's Gospel years of the church in Chemulpo, has while he formed sentence after senrecently moved to the island of Yoong tence by threading his tin and wooden Choong. He has been in business on squares on a string. Then by running the island for the past year, and in- his fingers over the crude types he cidentally has established a church of committed to memory the first six 60 members, which meets in his house chapters. Later, he heard from there. church-members about Mrs. Samuel Moffat's school for the blind at Pyeng Ministering to the Deaf Yang, and groped his way thither, 300 miles on foot. In a month he had There are 14.•000 deaf-mutes in learned to read by the N ew York Korea. A Christian school for such point system. He thinks that in three has been opened by a Korean Method- years he will have memorized the ist and his wife in Pyeng Yang. The whole of the New Testament. Now Bible societies are printing a million he is at work among the hundreds of copies of Mark's Gospel with the pur- Korean blind sorcerers. pose of putting on(' in every home in Korea. CHINA A missionary writes: "A large After the Plague crowd of fine-looking Koreans, mostly high class, listened very earnestly The plague in China is a thing of while I spoke to them as the Holy the past. The terrible scourge which Spirit led. After I had crossed a small in a few weeks carried off at least hill, three women and some children 65,000 people, has been successfully overtook us and prest into our hands a nice lot of large chestnuts, saying combatted and conquered. This is, that they wanted to hear more about Jesus. I stopt and taught them again, both directly and indirectly, a result ending in prayer together on the hiIl- of missionary effort. The conditions ,ide. Several months later I learned were far different from those existing that these women were Christians. in former days of plague and terror. . . . At the Christmas celebration The little band of mission doctors at Haiju, 1,500 gathered, tho the and nurses did not stand alone. church holds but 500. The doors and Scores of young Chinese physicians windows were thrown open and two-

trained in mission hospitals or the "shorn," who earnestly and vigorousmedical schools of Europe and Amer- ly exhorted their brethren to "come ica stood with them, and at the head forward." Out of the audience one of all was a Chinese physician, Dr. man at a time made his way to the Wu Lin Teh, a graduate of Cam- front. When he reached the platform bridge, England, and of the best a specially appointed operator held medical schools of Paris and Berlin. the queue out at full length, while another with a huge pair of shears lin. snipt it off. Rounds of cheers ac- compamed the operation. In another Suppreuion of Gambling part of the building 30 barbers were kept busy serving their customers. By way of dealing with the gam- According to the native newspapers, bling evil in the province of Canton, several hundred men that night took the Chinese Government has adopted their homeward way with their queues summary measures, such as Western in their hands. Through such innofolk can with difficulty understand. vations as this China is coming into Mr. Sherwood Eddy, who was in its new era.-Congregationalist and Canton during the week when the Christian World. edict of suppression came into force, writes: "Altho three-fourths of the Edueation Advancing bY' Leaps and revenue of the entire Canton province came from gambling dens, the new Bounds viceroy perceived that it was ruining the people. He issued a proclama- Six years ago in schools in the tion stating that gambling had gone metropolitan province of Chihli there through his people like fire and flood. were only 8,000 students, while now He substituted other taxes to meet there are nearly 250,000 in modern the needs of the province, and on schools. The schools conducted under March 29, the first day of the third the supervision of the Chihli Provinmoon in the Chinese calendar, all cial Board of iducation now include, gambling-houses were closed and their signs removed! A hundred among facilities afforded in the prothousand people assembled on the vince by the government, independent bund to watch the great procession, of missions and other schools, one to celebrate with rejoicing this bold university at Tientsin, one provincial innovation, and to create sentiment in college at Paotingfu, 17 industrial favor of the prohibition of gambling. schools, 3 high normal schools, 49 Floats carried on the shoulders of elementary normal schools, 2 medical men represented in picturesque drama schools, 3 foreign language schools, 8 the ravaging effects of gambling. The commercial schools, 5 agricultural figures of twelve great dragons were schools, 30 middle schools, 174 upper carried, some of which took 20 men primary schools, 101 mixed-grade prito bear. It was a picturesque sight, mary schools, 8,534 lower primary and took over two hours to pass.- schools, 131 girls' schools, and 174 London Christian. half-day and night schools.

A Publie Queue·cutting A Bible-school in Weat Cbina A missionary in China sends a de- Rev. J. R. Stewart (c. M. S.), scription of one phase of the great "bloodless revolution" which is to-day writes of a Bible-school which was so thoroughly gripping that country. held early in the year at Mienchuh- The occasion was a public queue-cut- sien, western China, and continued ting. On the floor and in the gal- several days. At one meeting the leries of a large tea-house were Christian natives were asked to give crowded some 1,500 or 2,000 people. their testimonies. One told a strange At one end of the building was a story. Before his conversion he had plat£ormoccupied by those already been in prison. While there, he had wondered much about the idols- which should he worship? If this one, would not that one be offended?

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY

While thus thinking he fell asleep, Chinese who had learned the trade and dreamed that he entered a large while employed by the Presbyterian hall, [lere he heard whom he should mission press, and is now the largwO f ,po Some time later, he heard est in all Asia, employing over 1,000 the Gospel preached, and came to hands, all Chinese except about a Mienchuh. On entering the church, dozen Japanese. It is managed on the he said: "Why, this is the place I cooperative plan, sharing profits with saw in my dream." His conversion its employees. The net profits disseems to have been real and thor- tributed last year were $200,000, ough. Another told of how he had Mexican. The head of· every imbought a Bible some eighteen years portant department is a Christian, and ago, and had read it constantly. He sixty per cent of the men in responsihad, in consequence, put away his ble positions are Christians. idols long before he had heard the Gospel preached. The Part Played by Bible Soc:ietie.

A Notable Christian Gathering The following extracts are from Lord William Gascoyne-Cecil's new Rev. E. F. Knickerbocker writes in book on "Changing China" : the Herald and Presbyter about attending a provincial federal council: "Perhaps those who have done most The following missions were repre- to give the Chinese a proper concepsented: all of the Protestant mis- tion of Christianity are the Bible sosions working in Chekiang province, cieties, especially the British and Forexcepting one small mission of Eng- eign Bible Society. Ever since, with lish ladies; China Inland Mission, the optimism of faith, the translation Church Missionary Society, American of the Scriptures by Dr. Morrison was Baptist Foreign Mission Society, published in 1814, they have been American Presbyterian mission, South- scattering the Christian Scriptures ern Presbyterian mission, Southern throughout the whole of China, from Methodist mission, English Methodist Mongolia to Tonkin, and I am told mission. that those Scriptures are read by men in the highest positions, and with the There were 12 Chinese, 4 Ameri- most conservative antecedents in the cans, 3 Scotchmen, and 3 English- whole empire. It can not be doubted men in the council. We had some that the indirect fruit of their work warm debates, some delicate situa- has been very great indeed. China tions, and a fine time of fellowship. has, through the agencies of these The communion service was one of bodies, been brought into close contact the best things of the whole meet- with Christian thought, and has at ing, when the Lord's Supper was ad- last realized the true nature of our ministered by the Episcopalian arch- religion." deacon in a Non-conformist chapel. The bread was passed by a Scotch INDIA Baptist and a Chinese Southern Presbyterian. The cup was passed by a What India'. Census Tell. of Progreaa Southern Methodist and a Chinese Baptist (one of the pastors repre- The census returns with regard to senting the American Baptist Mis- Christianity are beginning to be made sion). Every delegate partook of the known. The local press published a Lord's Supper, the matter being thor- telegram from Simla, which says: oughly arranged before we decided to "Rapid progress continues to be made have such a service. with the conversion to Christianity of the aborigines of Chota Nagpur. The A Great Business Corporation number of Christians in the Ranchi districts, which in 1881 was only 36,- Secretary A. J. Brown reports that 000, had risen to 125,000 in Igor. The recent census shows that the The Commercial Press, Limited, was number is I77,ooo–an increase of started twelve years ago by Christian

over 40 per cent., as compared with dia),' and other questions were disthe number ten years ago, and of 466 cust and papers read on the subjects. per cent. as compared with 188!. The prime movers of the whole thing About 13 per cent. of the population were our friend Kashmiri Devi and of the districts are now Christians. one or two friends of hers. Kashmiri told me that there are a few women A Missionary's Testimony in India who (like herself), do occa- sionally go to a meeting where both In a recent address before the men and women assemble, but she American Ramabai Association, the said, "Those are the people who do Rev. Dr. R. A. Hume, for 37 years know and think about these things; resident of western India, declared what we want is to get the thousands that a higher ideal of womanhood is of ignorant women to know and think apparent there in the social advance- about them, and the only way for that ment of women. Centuries of stagna- was to have a conference for pardah tion seem to have ended. "You would lau.les." be surprized," he said, "to see the number of women's clubs now in In- India Evangelized by Indians dia in which are Europeans, Parsees, Mohammedans, Jews-any one–for "If India is to be evangelized, it intercourse and intellectual improve- must be by Indians," is now accepted ment." Especially noticeable is the as an axiom. In addition to the varidecline of the hateful custom of child ous Indian Christian associations, and marriage that has entailed wo on the Travancore and Cochin Native myriads of child widows. In Dr. Church Missionary Society and the Hume's home city, Ahmednagar, the Zion Church (Madras) Missionary average age of a Christian bride is Association, which are all more or 17. He views these changes as due less "home missions," there are two in no small degree to the indirect in- indigenous Indian missionary socifluence of the Pandita Ramabai, eties. The Indian Missionary Sowhom he regards as the most remark- ciety of Tinnevelly, founded in 903, able of Indian women. Her work for commenced work among the Telugus high-caste child widows, begun in in the Nizam's dominions in 1904 1889, has expanded into the great with a single missionary. Now there educational and industrial establish- are 7 missionaries from Tinnevelly, ment at Poona, near Bombay, where, assisted by 17 Telugu agents, carrywith the help of her daughter, Mano- ing on pastoral, educational and evanramabai, she mothers a family of gelistic work. There are Christians some 2,000. in 28 villages, containing over 900 catechumens and 242 baptized con- An Indian Women's Conference verts. The National Missionary So- ciety of India, of which Rajah Sir Miss M. Major writes to the C. M. Harnam Singh is president, was S. Gleaner: A little time ago there founded on Christmas, 1905. It has was a conference held in Allahabad on its rolls 1 I missionaries and II which was quite unique, I think, in helpers, working in the United Prothe history of India. It was a vinces, the Punjab, Bombay (two "Women's Conference," and was at- districts), and Madras. tended by Hindu, Mohammedan and Christian ladies to the number of The Rajputana Jubilee about 5,000, some of the leading Ranis and princesses being among In the broad and populous native those present. "Social and marriage state of Rajputana, in Central India, reforms," "the education of women," the Free Church of Scotland has "the necessity of a special curriculum maintained a mission for 50 years, and books for girls' schools different with the characteristic ability, devofrom that for boys' schools" (a very tion and persistence of the Scotch sensible and necessary thing for In- missionary. In observance of the

MISSIONARY

event, a jubilee mela was held at the How a Hindu Was Converted station of Beawar, to which the Christians gathered from all parts of Rev. A. Andrew writes to The Mis- Rajputana. Following the form of a sionary Record as follows: "Last mcia (the name for great religions week there passed away in his eightygatherings of the Hindus), this Chris- third year an honored Indian worker tian celebration showed a very dif- in the person of the Rev. P. Appayu. ferent character. He was born in the Salem district, and belonged to the Chatty caste of Hin- The Missionary Record recalls dus. When he was over twenty years some reminiscences of one of the of age he became an earnest seekelpioneer missionaries, effectively con- after truth, and was dissatisfied with trasting the early days, when the mis- the existing Hindu worship with its sionaries were repeatedly robbed, rites and ceremonies. Several tracts even of their clothes while they slept; and handbills bearing on Christianity when the people could not account and the spiritual life came into his for their presence except by suppos- hands, which he read with much ining they were vulgar criminals, who terest. Eventually he was convinced had fled to avoid a shameful death; of the truth 'of the Christian faith, in short, when there was nothing but and made known his convictions to misunderstanding and separation be- two of his Hindu friends, who were tween missionary and people, where also imprest with the truth. None of now there is contact and opportunity. these had as yet come in contact with any Christian worker. They resolved The Salvation Army in a New Field to proceed to Madras and visit Rev. John Anderson. This was before the General Booth has recently an- railway was made. They accordingly nounced that the Salvation Army had had to make a journey of over 150 new operations in view in India, that miles in an ordinary jutka or country he had seen Lord Morley on the sub- conveyance. Mr. Anderson gladly reject, who was at once deeply interest- ceived them, put them under Chrised. "There are 3,000,000 of people tian instruction, and baptized them in in India who live by robbery in va- 1854. . . When the Chingleput rious forms," went on the General, congregation was organized he was "and we propose to take charge of ordained over it as the first pastor 1ft them if the Government will furnish 1888." us with the land reservations, such as those given to Red Indians in the A Bitter Wrong to Converts United States. Given suitable land, we will endeavor under the influence The Indian Pioneer calls attention of religion and kindness to teach these to a condition of things affecting the criminals to earn an honest living." Christians in one of the native states The settlements of Sainsiyas in the of India, which certainly ought not to Kheri district have been specifically be permitted to continue. In Mysore mentioned as being about to be placed a convert from Hinduism has to face under the Salvation Army. The Meth- very grave civil disabilities and peodist EpiscoPil Church has been work- cuniary loss. In 1907, two converts ing in that '-listrict for some years had their claim to share in the family and has between two and three hun- property struck out by the state dred Christians among this class, most courts; and there have been cases in of whom since their adoption of the which fathers who had become Chrisfaith have lived respectable lives and tians were disallowed by the courts to some of whom have been freed by the retain the custody of their children. local authorities from police super- Yet, as the Pioneer points out, a convision. If the proposed plan is carried victed murderer's claim to a part of out such cases deserve consideration the family estate was admitted. It and the interested mission should be is stated that permission to introduce consulted.

a measure put forward by the Chris- Reforms to Come to Tibet? tians for a repeal of the act which legalizes these wrongs has been "sum- . The Dalai Lama of Tibet has been marily rejected" by the Legislative interviewed by a hustling journalist, Council. Mr. W. T. Ellis, and he is reported to have avowed his intention, when Legal Rights of Hindu God. he returns to Tibet, of following the example of China, and sending Tibet- In March the judicial committee of an young men to America to receive the Privy Council heard a petition for a Western education. He also said special leave to appeal from a judg- that he would open Tibet, and even ment of the High Court of Madras in Lassa itself, to foreign trade and a somewhat singular case. The peti- travel. tioners and respondents were trustees of different Hindu temples. Counsel MOSLEM LANDS explained that when a temple is dedicated provision is made for the god to The Jews and Palestine take suitable exercise; roads must be made and dedicated for that purpose; In a recent article, Dr. Gottheil, and other gods must be excluded from professor of oriental languages in these roads, as in the event of two Columbia University, spoke of the gods meeting, dire catastrophes would Jews as the real "builders of Zion." result to the village-no more children He says: "I see signs of this in the would be born, and the cattle would Palestinian colonies, where men are cease to breed. The petitioners, there- striving valiantly and daringly with fore, had claimed to exclude the re- many problems. I see it in the new spondents from using certain roads in quarter of Jerusalem (Zikron Moexercising their god, and the re- she), the only one where an attempt spondents had brought a suit in the has been made to approximate Eu- Court of the District Munsif for a ropean standards of hygiene, saludeclaration that they were entitled to brity, and order. I see it in the new take their idol through the streets in Jewish quarter of Jaffa, with its question. The suit was dismissed with pretty homes and its Hebrew 'Gymcosts, and the decision was affirmed by nasium'; in the Jewish 'Technicum: the Court of the. District Judge; but which is being built at Haifa; and in the Madras High Court had granted the agricultural experimental station, the injunction. Against this the peti- to be financed from America. In a tioners sought leave to appeal, alleging word, the immigrant Jews from Eastthat the question was purely one of ern Europe, who have kept some of Hindu law and religion, which were the ancient ideals in their modern inseparable, and that by Hindu law make-up, are destined to be the leadone god could not be carried outside ers in a new Palestine." the limits of his processional ambit so as to enter upon the processional am- Outlook for the Young Turks bits of other gods. How did their lordships settle this dispute? Lord According to Dr. Dillon, in The Macnaghten pointed out that the Contemporary Review: "At present streets in question were public streets; Mahmoud Shefket Pasha, the brilthat, as members of the public, each liant soldier of Young Turkey, is god had a right to use all such streets; the virtual dictator of the empire. and that if disturbance occurred the Behind the Cabinet looms up the inpolice would interfere and keep the visible Committee of Union and Progpeace. Their lordships, therefore, ress, which is as much a secret sowere unable to advise His Majesty to ciety as is that of the Carbonari. Tht grant special leave to appeal. committee is all powerful. Life and property, legislation and politics, re- ligion and the army are in its hands. And from its decree there is no ap- peal." . . . "Recently there was

MISSIONARY

a visible squabble among the invisible told of the number of Moslem scholmembers of the Unioil and Progress. ars and officials who are quietly It led to changes in the Cabinet, and studying the Bible. More than once was expected to culminate in a dicta- the native officials who have been extorship pure and simple. Djavid Bey, amining graduates from Assiut Colthe Finance Minister, who was the lege have themselves, without a book, authorized representative of the com- conducted the examination into the mittee, and the -most eminent member student's knowledge of Christianity. of the Cabinet after Mahmoud Shet- Once the questions were so learned ket Pasha, was compelled to resign. and searching that the governor had He and General Shefket had long to be reminded that the students are been at loggerheads. The Jew of not advanced theologians. The sim- Salonica, as Djavid is termed, is a plicity of United Presbyterian worman of inexhaustible resource, a veri- ship and their devotion to the Book, table Ulysses. He had chosen his even in song, have apparently apground very carefully; he had pre- pealed to the Moslems, who are oppared a rival for the dictator in the posed to all liturgy. Converts in person of Mukhtar, to whom he had their own churches are said to be the portfolio of the Marine Ministry the only Egyptians who know anyoffered. But his scheme proved un- thing about the art of self-governavailing against force-probably be- ment; they all manage and support cause it had not time enough to ma- themselves. From Assiut College the ture. Mahmoud Shefket Pasha re- evangelistic bands go forth weekly to mains master of the situation." preach the Gospel; and the Christian spirit among the students is so strong NORTH AFRICA that the Sabbath I chanced to be in Assiut, 60 students united with the Christian University in Cairo church. The average is roo a year. There are practically no non-Chris- William T. Ellis writes from Egypt tian graduates. And of the college of an imperial plan that has assumed alumni of 256 men, 104 are preachsomething more than theoretical pro- ers, 69 teachers, and 23 physicians- . portions. This is a projected Chris- a most astonishing record. So far as tian university in Cairo, an institu- my observation goes, Assiut Christian tion of the high grade of the Syrian Training College is the most nearly Protestant College at Beirut. The ideal of all the educational instituprospects are good for the early tions on the mission field." realization of an institution that would mean to active Christianity all Why Africans Prefer I.lam that El Azhar means to Islam. Cairo is the logical place for this essential Islam is getting in a deadly work, force in the new anti-Moslem cam- which complicates the problem for paign on which Christendom seems Christian missionaries. The creed of determined to enter, for in Cairo the Koran does not interfere with British rule guarantees some degree slavery and polygamy and offers no of freedom of speech and action. The ideals above the sensual and material, immediate presence there of a Chris- thus rendering the transition from natian university would powerfully re- tive superstition both easy and agreeact on the intolerance and antiquated able. Mrs. Alice G. West writes: methods of El Azhar." "The African Moslem, listening curi- ously to the new teaching says: 'Yes, What a Chri.tian College i. Doing I believe most of that already; but our Mohammed promises as much re- Mr. Ellis also says: "Despite the ward as your Christ, and for far less success of their work as a leavening self-denial and sacrifice. Your Bible influence and in making actual con- requires truthfulness; not so the Koverts from Islam, these missionaries ran; and we Africans often find the retain the good will of their Moslem neighbors. Extraordinary stories are

lie convenient. No; since the two years. Natives who were afraid to paths lead alike to heaven, I choose visit the market for fear of being the easier way." captured as slaves, can now trade freely, and travel unarmed in parts New Stations in North Africa of the Protectorate where formerly only large parties fully armed dared Two new places are being entered venture. Intertribal raids and famby our workers in North Africa this ily feuds, and looting of caravans and year. One is in the mountains of traders have now almost ceased. The Kabylia, the other is Oran, one of social and general condition of the the most important cities of Algeria. Protectorate improves year by year, Dr. William E. Lowther goes to especially since 1907, when the pres- Oran, where his work is among a enr civil system superseded the forvery large Spanish population. Our mer semi-military administration. entrance into that city was largely influenced, Bishop Wilson writes, by Tithing Among African Saints the earnest appeal of an evangelical Spanish missionary, who was himself Right over the equator there is a unable to meet the opportunity in little Protestant Church of 200 mem- Oran.-World Wide Missions. bers just dug out of heathenism du- ring the last ten years. Every mem- Slavery in Morocco ber of the 200 is a tither. Their money is in the form of a bent cop- From a report to the Anti-Slavery per wire resembling a large hairand Aborigines' Protection Society, it pin. This money comes in bunches appears that slaves are systematically of ten, and out of every bunch the carried from port to port in Morocco, native Christian takes out one and in the open market. Mr. Mackenzie brings it into the treasury of the says: "Taking the slave trade of Lord. If he goes fishing and has a Morocco City as a basis, when Mr. good catch, before he reaches home Naim and myself went to the slave- he takes one out of every ten fish market there were 25 black slaves for to the village market and sells it to sale, and there were certainly plenty swell his love-offering to Christ. Not of buyers. The market is held twice only one penny in ten and one fish in a week; so it may be taken that 40 ten does he pay, but one member in slaves a week are dealt with, without ten is given to the Christianizing of counting the private sales, which can neighboring tribes. not be less than ten a week. This makes 50 slaves a week, or 2,600 a Meeting the Moslem Menace year, changing hands in Morocco City; and I am of opinion that not The indications are unmistakable less than ro,ooo slaves are bought and that Islam is reaching out in her sold in the whole country in the propaganda to remote regions. For course of a year. Add to that num- years her advance southward in Afber 30 per 100 to cover the mortality rica has been noted, but it has been of capture, and the march across the ascertained that even in South Afdesert, say altogether 13,000 slaves. rica she is becoming a power to be reckoned with. It has been discov- Improved Conditions on the Gold Coast ered that there are as many as 40,000 Mohammedans in that portion of the According to a report of the Gold Dark Continent. The Student's Chris- Coast Protectorate ( Northern Terri- tian Association of South Africa has tories), there is great improvement in recently been held at Graaff Reinet, the social conditions of the people. which was attended by 200 persons, It is declared that murder, man- including delegates and speakers. slaughter, robbery with violence, kid- The urgency of the Moslem menace naping of children, and slave-dealing, was laid before the students, and in which llsed to be prevalent, have response thereto they unanimously decreased considerably in the last few

I1 ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 71I

and eagerly adopted the following should stand still in its efforts to resolution: "In view of the iacts carry the Gospel to the peoples of the presented to the Conference, be it re- island; and, while the directors are solved, that we express our conviction sadly obliged to decline to render the that in order to meet the need of Af- help that is required in order to make rican heathenism, and to face the a mission to the Sakalava possible, it Moslem onslaughts in this continent, will not be easy to explain to those the cause of our Lord Jesus Christ ignorant but longing people the real urgently and immediately requires a reason for the refusal to help them." great increase in the number of student volunteers for the mission field, The Missionary Islanders and especially of those who intend to take the full medical or normal train- In the South Sea Islands zeal for ing course, that the threefold increase the spr~ad of the Gospel does not dein the medical and educational mis- crease. The number of volunteers sionary staff, called for by the World for work in Papua has not fallen off Missionary Conference at Edinburgh, either in Rarotonga or in Samoa, may be brought about." The volun- and now the Gilbert Islands are beteer spirit was strong in the meeting. ginning to take some small share in There were 20 volunteers in the num- this common Christian enterprise. ber of delegates to the association at Large numbers of Chinese laborers the beginning of the sessions, and have been introduced into Samoa by this number was increased by 34 the Germans, and the Samoans are others who signed the declaration, organizing efforts to Christianize and 20 othen have committed them- these invaders. From Samoa contriselves to the same purpose, but must butions to the society's funds have wait one year or more in order to be during the past five years, gone up of the required age before signing. year by year to a remarkable extent, and from Samoa the society has re- THE OCEAN WORLD cently received about $23,000 as the contribution of the churches toward Progress in Madagascar general missionary work for the past year. The London Missionary Society is able to report: "It is a striking The Young Filipino testimony to the reality of the work that has been done in Madagascar Bishop Oldham sends us a clipping that the membership of the church from the Philippines Free Press, has steadily increased, notwithstand- which is eloquent in its story. "The ing the new non-Christian and anti- most hopeful factor in the Philippines Christian influences which have been to-day is the young Filipino. In his exerted. The Malagasy church is do- hands is the making of the future of ing all it can in the support of its these islands, and through the public own missionary society among these schools he is being well equipt for outlying tribes, but the work of evan- the task. Time was when it was gelization needs to be carried on with charged that the schools were turnmuch greater force of men and effort ing out young men who were fit for than can be expected from this young nothing and cared to be nothing but Christian community, and the direc- 'escribientes,' but very little is heard tors have quite recently received. of that now." through their district committee, a touching appeal from some of the Malaysia Pushing for Independence Sakalava people, begging them to send missionaries for their instruc- . It is encouraging to find the tion. It is difficult for them to un- Methodist Malaysia missionaries givderstand that the society which first ing thought to the possibility of mabrought the Gospel to the island king the native churches independent. They are important enough to stand on their own legs foursquare to every

wind that blows. The Message gives ago that within two years 10,000 vent to the following unofficial views: new societies and 1,000,000 new mem- "Malaysia would be better without bers should be enrolled, has been acany alliance other than fraternal. It cepted and exceeded. During the may· be necessary to demonstrate to two years, 10,345 new societies have many at home whose geography is been formed, and 1,002,500 new memweak and knowledge of foreign mis- bers enrolled, and the remarkable sions superficial, that Malaysia is a thing about the report is that 7,000 vast empire in itself, with a popula- of these are young people's societies. tion larger than Japan or the Philip- These additions bring the world-wide pines, and an area as extensive as enrollment of societies up to 79,077, that of the United States. China can with a membership of 3,953,850, do much for us by furnishing trained which is the hig-hest in the history of men of the better class to evangelize the society. Of these, 57,589 are sothe multitudes of Chinese in our field. cieties in the United States and But our destiny is not an alliance Canada, while China has 781 soeither west, east, or north, but to be cieties, and India 1,337. a great and fruitful field second to none. General conference, editors, Growth of Salvation Army Work and others will save themselves time and subsequent trouble by accepting In an old building in Philadelphia, this view and acting in harmony where previously chairs had been with it now." mended, the Salvation Army had its beginning in the United States in AMERICA March, 1880. Its report for the last year, just issued, shows the tremen- Three Years of Sunday-school Work dous growth which it has attained in the last 30 years. Outdoors last year The Thirteenth International Sun- it is stated that 173,000 meetings were day-school Convention closed it~ ses- held, attended by 15,000,000 persons. sion in San Francisco on June 27th. In halls the meetings numbered 215,- Great interest attaches to the report 000 and 8,000,000 adults and 1,500,- of the general secretary, Mr. Marion 000 children came to them. The Lawrance, which shows that the total number of Sunday-schools in North number ot converts claimed to have America is 173.459, with an enrollment of 16,617,350, a net gain for been made by the Army last year the past three years of 1,507,178. This was 46,554. A few years ago Army would indicate that 1,376 new mem- hotels were started to take the place bers joined the Sunday-schools of of the mean and poor ones often North America for every day of the maintained for private profit. Last year. A remarkable feature of the year no fewer than 1,961,677 lodgreport was that 1,193,422 conversions ings were provided. are reported in Sunday-schools for the three years since the convention A Gift of a Million for Mission. met in Louisville in 1908. These figures indicate that throughout the The News Bulletin of the American Sunday-schools of North America Board has this statement concerning there has been an average of over the gift of $1,000,000 at one time to 1,000 conversions a day during the its treasury: "Not long ago two of past three years. the officers of the board arrived in Boston, bringing a million dollars in Christian Endeavor Moving securities, the most notable gift ever made to the American Board, and At the Twenty-fifth International one of the greatest g-ifts to foreign Convention recently held at Atlantic missions in all history. It was given City, the general secretary, Mr. Will- as an endowment for the higher eduiam Shaw, stated that the challenge cational work in the board's colleges issued by President Oark two years and theolog-ical seminaries in its 20 missions. The name of the donor is

19r r] GENERAL MISSIONARY

withheld from public announcement Christian Indian. in Canada at present, but it is one of America's great names in philanthropy and mis- At a meeting of the Society for sions. The committee have for many Promoting Christian Knowledge, the months been collecting data, and have Bishop of Keewatin, after describing determined the use of the income for the vastness of his diocese, said that the next year. Critical needs of many the whole of the Indians were memyears' standing can now be partially bers of the church. They were a met. Practically all of the boa¥d's simple, nomadic people, who had acseminaries and colleges will receive cepted Christianity without very much substantial aid." difficulty. The Bishop gave instances of great distances traveled by the A Hundred New Missionaries people for the purpose of kneeling at The largest number of missionaries sso the Lord's table. In one case an ever sent out by one denomination in one year will be sent out by the For- Indian traveled miles, and passed eign Mission Board of the Northern three nights sleeping- on the ice on Presbyterian Church during the pres- his return journey. The society's ent year. One hundred have already publications had done more even than been accepted, and will sail in July, the living missionary for the spread August, and September. This large of the Gospel, especially the Book number of new missionaries has been of Common Prayer, in the syllabic made possible by a recent bequest to language, which the Indians carry the board. with them on their journeys and prize very highly. Phenomenal Growth of Temperance Sentiment Churches in Porto Rico There are 25,000 municipalities in A church census of both Protestant the United States, and· about r8,000 and Romanist churches in 23 municiof them have abolished the legalized palities, containing 40 per cent. of the saloon. And 1,732 of the 2,892 coun- population of the island, shows a toties in the United States have voted tal Romanist attendance of 8,094; of "dry." Whoever says that the liquor Protestant, 8,870, an excess of 776 in business is not being curtailed had favor of tile Reformed churches. better look up the records. Protestant mission work is hardly 10 years of age, while the Church of A Thank-offering from Red Men Rome has had a monopoly of the island for nearly 400 years. Last August the Indians at York Factory, on Hudson Bay, in the dio- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN cese of Keewatin, "accepted treaty" and gave up their right to all lands Enlargement in the Oldest Society except their reserve. The government in return undertakes to make The Society for the Propagation of an annual capitation grant. The Sun- the Gospel has decided to enlarge its day after the treaty payments had membership. The original charter been made the Indians intimated to places the control of the society in the Rev. R. Faries that they wished the hands of its incorporated memto make a special thankoffering to bers; these members were persons God for the good fortune which had subscribing one guinea per year, or come to them. Accordingly a col- in the case of clergy those who raised lection was taken up, and the total in as much as two guineas per year. cash was $II4. This is was decided It has, says the Mission Field, long to use, partly in repairing the old been greatly desired to place the conchurch, and partly for the new mis- stitution of the society on a more sion-house. democratic basis, and to enlist the ac- tive support of many unable to sub- scribe as much as a guinea per year. It has at la.st been decided to bring

into existence a new body of mem- writer says: "In one part of Bobers who will not be asked to sub- hemia some people, awakened by the scribe more than a minimum of 55. reading of the Bible, became dissatisto the general fund of the society, fied with Rome, and met together belt who shall be entitled to attend every Sabbath for the reading of the the monthly meetings of the society Word of God, also to sing and pray. and shall be represented on the A man came a day's journey in a stdnding committee. The present boat to these people, asking them to number of incorporated members is let him have a Bible, so that he about 8,800. might learn some parts by heart, and relate the same to his neighbors, who THE CONTINENT were without Bibles.

Dr. Warneck's Epigrams Methodist College in Rome This world-famous scholar and At the last session of the Italy friend of missions left behind these Conference, under the appointment sententious sayings relating to mis- of Bishop Burt, Dr. B. M. Tipple sions, each one overflowing with assumed charge of the Methodist spiritual wisdom (see also page 672) : College in Rome, tho he will still re- tain the pastorate of the American The missionary who succeeds in church and the presidency of Reeder writing a thoroughly good practical Theological Seminary. primer renders no less a service than he who succeeds in writing a learned Says the report then given: "Our argument against heathen philosophy. Methodist College is perhaps the most important of all our institutions in the God's opportunities are man's obli- peninsula at the present time. We gations. must have rnore men for our minis- try, and to measure up to the stand- The patience which can wait is a ards of the New Italy they must chief virtue in missions, since it de- be splendidly educated. Then, too, livers from many unnecessary com- Italy sorely lacks a great body of plications and defects. educated Christian laymen. The state schools and universities are quite It is not the case that we are too destitute of any spiritual force. A great to concern ourselves with mis- heavy responsibility rests on our sions-mission work is too great a Rome College to provide a Christask for us. tian education for many a young man in the rising generations of the The chief power of missions in the new nation." future lies in the native church. MISCELLANEOUS The kingdom of heaven is like a field of grain growing up under How the Great Religions Differ natural processes, not like flowers in a forcing-house. The great types of religious belief in the world are best seen by contrast. The proclamation of the Gospel Such contrast is forcibly presented in sounds the death-knell of caste. the following summary: The Mos- lem seeks Mecca, the Hebrew J eru- Awakening in Bohemia salem, the Catholic Rome-each look- ing for the Holy City; the Protestant A writer in the Quarterly Reporter goes to the inner chamber, and shuts of the German Baptist Mission de- the door. Examine these facts. The clares that in all parts of Bohemia Moslem finds the tomb of a longthere are religious awakenings. The dead man; the Hebrew finds only a 6th of July, the birthday of J olm waH against which to wail; the Huss and the day on which he was Catholic finds a self-beleaguered Roburnt, is kept as a great holiday in Bohemia, especially in Prague. At that time houses and windows are decorated, and on the hills bonfires are lit: moreover, addresses on Huss are given, and crowds of people in the streets sing Hussite songs. The man cItIzen; the Protestant finds the hymns into theLaoslanguage. The only "Father who seeth in secret." hynm-book used by the Laos Chris- Missionary Briefs tians was prepared by him. For long years to come the people of God in The Founder of Christianity urged that country will sing the hymns of His people to pray for a peculiar ob- faith and love which Dr. Wilson ject. "The harvest truly is plenteous, brought to them.

but the laborers are few. Pray ye On March 24th, his eightieth birth- therefore the Lord of the harvest, day was celebrated at his home in that He will send forth laborers into Lakawn. At the dinner Mrs. W. C.

His harvest." Oh! isn't it strange, Dodd proposed a toast which included that the only special subject of prayer the following characterization: that He named is so seldom heard in "I offer to you the name of one our pulpits ?-J. A. Broadus. whom we all unite in honoring; one of The goal of human history is the the two founders of our Mission; redemption of the world. If the field loved and loving father of all who of Christ and the field of the Church have come after him; bringer of life is the world, so the field of every and light and song into the lives of the man with the love of God in his heart Laos people; lover and friend of every is the world.-J. Campbell White. Laos, with a heart big with prayer and If believers should sit down in ease blessing; pastor and preacher; emi- and appropriate all spiritual blessings nently faithful, with his finger on the to themselves and their own friends heartstrings of his people; true evan- immediately around them, must they gelist; translator of Psalms and proph- not be condemned as guilty of a dis- ecy as well as the Songs of Zion, honest attempt to embezzle the treas- the poetry of the Bible and the poetry ures of His grace ?-Alexander Duff. of the Church in all ages; 'Sweet Psalmist' of Laos Israel; octoge- OBITUARY NOTES narian, with years like the full rounded Jonathan Wilson, D.O., of Siam ears of corn, with the seven fruitful years of Pharaoh's dream ten times re- Rev. Jonathan Wilson, D.D., the peated and ten more added, with no veteran missionary to the Laos of blasting years of famine, in between; northern Siam, died at Lakawn, Laos, 'Precious in the sight of the Lord' in on June 3d. his life; partriarch, poet and saint- Dr. Jonathan Wilson." Dr. Wilson was appointed a missionary of the Presbyterian Board, U. S. . John McCarthy, of China. A., to the Choctaw Indians in June, 1856, and in 1858 he was transferred Another veteran fallen! The sud- to the Siam Mission. He sailed den and unexpected news has come March 9th of that year in company that John McCarthy, of the China In- with his wife and Rev. Daniel McGil- land Mission, finished his course on vary, D.D. The journey was made June 2 rst, at the age of seventy-one.

by slow sailing vessel and they did He was born in Dublin, Ireland, and not reach Bangkok. until Tune 20th of sailed for China October 12, I 866.

the same year. Mr. Wilson in 1863 Upon arrival in China, in 1867, with made a long journey of 600 miles into his wife and young family, he pro- the then wholly unknown country of ceeded to Hangchow, where Mr. Hud- the Laos. That voyage was the his- son Taylor was located. Here for toric beginning of the Laos Mission. some years he remained, eventually as Dr. Wilson was a man of abilitv and nastor of the church, having as his col- culture. a graduate of Jefferson- Col- league the late Wong La-djun (Uang lege of the Class of 1811, and of Lai-ts'uan), for whom he had a strong Princeton Theological Seminary. He affection and high esteem.

had marked musical and poetic ability, In 1872 he moved to Chinkiang, and and wrote or translated over 600 for a time had oversight of the work in Anking and the Anhwei province. ment of Roman Catholics and their At the end of J anaury, 1877, he started conversion to the religion of the Bible. to walk across China and arrived in Of recent years the mission has been Bhamo, Burmah, where the British au- at 33 I West 57th Street. In his New thorities forbade his return. York ministry he was the means of 161 priests leaving the Roman Catholic He was a man of strong faith, untir- Church. ing energy, and unflagging zeal, with a consuming love for the Chinese, and Rev. Dr. Kalopothakes, of Greece passion for their salvation; a man also of strong views and strength of pur- Rev. Dr. Kalopothakes, who has so pose. He had to the end implicit be- long been a valiant leader in aggreslief in the principles and practise of sive evangelical effort in southeastern the mission, and a lifelong personal Europe, died recently n in Athens. devotion to Hudson Taylor. Friends who have visited Greece and inquired into the actual facts have Caleb C. Baldwin again and again used terms of thanks- giving as they told of manifest fruit to The Rev. C. Baldwin, D.D., died at the glory of God as a result of his la- bors. his home in East Orange, N. J., on He lived to see a great change in the July 20, at the age of ninety-one years. attitude of both Greek officials and He was one of the first Presbyterian people toward himself and other missionaries at Fuchau, China, where, evangelicals. Persecution and other during his fifty years' service, he trans- evidences of hatred gave place to tollated the entire Bible into Chinese, erance, because it came to be seen that compiled "The Catechism of Christian the Protestants were no less patriotic Doctrine," as well as a Chinese-Eng- Greeks than their neighbors. lish dictionary of 3,000 pages. He was born in Bloomfield, N. J., on April Sixty years ago Dr. Kalopothakes I, 1820. He was graduated from was a medical student in the Uni- Princeton Theological Seminary in versity of Athens. He became inter- 1846. A few years lated he married ested in the progress of Christianity Harriet Fairchild, of Bloomfield, and among his people on account of the upon his ordination, in 1848, in com- persecution directed against the Amerpany with his wife, he was sent to the ican Board missionary, IRev. Jonas Fuchau post by the American Board of King, who had been in Athens since Missions of the Presbyterian Church. 1829. In 1895 he came back to spend his last days near his old home. On Dr. King's imprisonment and subsequent expulsion from Greece on Rev. James A. O'Connor, of New York the ground of blasphemy against God and the Virgin Mary, Dr. Kalopo- Rev. James A. O'Connor, fou~d;;: thakes determined to devote his life to and pastor of Christ's Mission, New the cause of religious liberty and re- York City, died July 26. form. When he began his work in 1858 there were only three Protes- "Father" O'Connor was born in Ire- tants in Greece. Later he took the land and came to America when a agency of the B. & F. B. S. and pubchild. He was trained for the priest- lished a paper The Star of the East. hood in Baltimore and San Sulpice There was then strong prejudice Seminary, France. His parochial against the circulation of the Bible in work was done in Chicago. He was modern Greek. More than once he for eight years a Roman Catholic and other colporteurs narrowly espriest, but forty years ago he left that caped death. N ow there are nine orcalling. Later he came under the in- dained preachers and evangelists and fluence of D. L. Moody, was converted a number of flourishing Protestant and founded Christ's Mission, for the communities. instruction of Protestants regarding Roman Catholidsm and the enlighten-

THE MISSIONARY

AMONG THE TRIBES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA. come unto Christ to find life and joy. By Samuel F. Clarke. Illustrated. The sketches are exceptionally well 12mo, 315 pp. 35. 6d. Morgan & written, and give a vivid picture of Scott, London. 1911. some scenes from Indian life.

To most readers, Southwest China THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. By Robert E. is an undiscovered country. The Speer. 12mo, 372 pp. 50 cents, cloth; tribes who inhabit it are so remote 30 cents, paper. Central Committee from traveled routes and so infre- on the United Study of Missions, quently described in books of mis- West Medford, Mass. 1911. SI011S and travel, that the readers of Mr. Clarke's well-written volume have Here is a new book on the study a treat before them. The author of comparative religions, published by has lived in China for 33 years, 20 the Woman's United Study Commitof these being spent in Kweichow, in tee. As may be judged from the Southwest China. name of the author, it is a study from the Christian viewpoint, which The first division of the book deals considers Christ as the light and the with the tribes and their customs, and only true light of the world. Dr. the second part with Christian work Speer's purpose in this comparative among them. Until recently there study is first to discover the points were few Christian converts in of contact and separation in order Kweichow and Yunnan, but with the that Christianity may be presented last few years there have been great to adherents of other religions; secspiritual awakenings among the non- ond, to point out the fundamental Chinese tribes. Many villages have differences which justify the missionbecome wholly Christian, and others ary propaganda; and third, to show the power of Christ and His religion are nominally so. to meet the needs of all men. After There is great need for more work- describing each religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Animism, Confucianism, ers in this district. It is ripe to the Taoism, and Islam, in theory and harvest, but the laborers are few. The practise, Dr. Speer quotes from Chrisstory of life and work there is full tians of Asia as to their own opinion of fascinating interest, and Christians of these religions, and devotes the of all classes will be imprest with final chapter to answering objections signs of the working of the Spirit of to the claims of Christ to supremacy, to setting forth Christianity as of final God. and absolute authority and worthy of universal acceptance. The superiority IN KALI'S COUNTRY. By Emily T. Sheets. of Christianity is seen in its fruits Illustrated. 12mo, 208 pp. $1.00, net. in domestic, social business, and na- Fleming H. Revell Co. 1911. tional life. The evils so prevalent in non-Christian lands are largely be- Every missionary land offers great cause of the influence of the prevailopportunities for striking and original ing religions, while in Christian lands tales of romance and pathos. The the evils are in spite of the teachings stories in this volume are not by a of Christ and His apostles. missionary, but by a traveler who has nevertheless wonderfully caught the Such a book is valuable to any local color and spirit of India. The Christian, and is especially useful as tales are well told, and show the char- a text book for study classes. Chrisacter and customs of India-the fakir, tians have everything to gain and the missionary, the Hindu worship, nothing to lose by a fearless, fair the native convert-some are disap- comparison between their religion and pointing in incompleteness; they are any other in the world. Many have sketches rather than tales and show foolish and false ideas of non-OlTisthe Indian life more than they give tian faiths, and too vague an idea of stories of Hindu lives. They are sad the superiority of their own. A carereading, on the whole, for they show the sin and heart hung-er of the people who have not the way of peace in their own religion, and will not

ful study of Dr. Speer's argument living authorities on Islam. His best will act like a tonic to such as are known work is "Mekka," but he has honest, but uninformed or indiffer- also contributed important articles, ent. notably on the question of the veil, THE CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By L. Crowther. zakat, and on special phases of Islam lllustrated. 12mo, 96 pp. 15. 6. Oli- in Malaysia.

phant, Anderson, & Ferrier, Edin- The present volume comprizes four burgh. 1911. lectures delivered before the Ne- derlandsch-Indische Bestuursacademie. In brief space the author tells much about Egypt and the people. It is The first treats of the spread of Isnot altogether seen from a child's lam, especially in the East Indian viewpoint, but is simply told and Archipelago; the second gives a interesting. The "topsy-turvy cus- sketch of Islam as a system; the third tQms" and Mohammedan childhood deals with the Dutch colonial governwill be especially attractive to chil- ment in its relation to Islam; 'and the dren. The incidents from daily life last lecture, entitled "Netherland and make it much more readable than if Her Moslem Population," deals with it were purely descriptive. The pic- the future of Islam in this part of ture presented shows clearly the need the wodd, especially as related to of the Gospel to bring happiness and modern culture and Christian missuccess in this life as well as in the sions. life to come. In the first lecture he takes up the The Rescue Magazine, a quarter- question as to the causes and methods of the rapid spread of Islam in Maly published in Atlanta, Ga., is de- laysia, and concludes that, altho the voted to the rescue of the fallen as religious motive was supreme, and well as to prevention from this awful there were economic and social realife. The editor (who has had many sons as cooperative factors, one can years' experience in rescue work), not explain the propagation of the paints in vivid colors the tragic life Moslem faith solely on the ground of of girls of the underworld-their the preaching of Islam, as does T. complete blight-their utter ruin and W. Arnold, nor as a compulsory destruction. (25 cents per copy, or economic movement, as do Dr. Becker $1.00 per year. 1019 Fourth Nation- and the Italian savant Caetani; the al Bank Building, Atlanta, Ga.) chief factor in the spread of Islam was the sword. "The supreme cause NEDERLAND EN DE ISLAM. Vier Voordrach- for the spread of the faith, both ac- cording to the letter and the spirit of ten Gehouden in de N ederlandsch- the sacred law, must be found in eIn. dSisncohueckBHesuturgurrosancjea.dem12iem. o, By Dr. Leiden. E. J. Brill. 1911. 101 pp.

The importance of this contribution methods of forcible propagandism.

to present-day knowledge of Islam is The Moslem law considers all 110n- evident, both from its title and from Moslems as the enemies of the great the author's name. No less than 35,- monarchy of Allah, whose opposition 000,000 subjects in the Dutch colonies to His rule-which is solely by Mos- profess the faith of Mohammed (that lems-must be broken down." (P. 9.) is, about one-seventh of the total There are some interesting observa- population of the Moslem world), tions on the real character of Islam and there is no other government, not as a missionary faith, as compared even excepting Great Britain, which with Christian propagandism. The has had a larger experience with the Great Commission for Moslems reads, Moslem problem, and has from time not "Go and teach all nations," but to time modified its policy to meet "Go bring into subjection all the the exigencies of the situation as has nations." Conversion to Islam is an the Dutch Government. The author easy matter, and consists of a con- is well known as one of the leading fession of faith, without reformation

of character, change of conduct, or be an association of the Moslem naspecial preparation for admission into the new brotherhood. The old hea- tives with the Dutch colonists nwoht icreh~ thenism or animism remains a con- while political and national, is trolling factor in Moslem culture, not only in Malaysia, but in Northwest ligious. The suggestion is given that Africa, in Egypt, in Syria, and even in Arabia. "The unity of God is missions in Java could cooperate with veiled by a countless number of living and dead saints, and the ritual of Is- the government, especially by establam is crowded out by magical practises. The missionaries of Islam in lishing hostels on a Christian basis Malaysia can not be compared with those of Christianity. They were for Moslem students who are receivmostly adventurers and fortune hunters who entered pagan districts, and ing the higher education in governwere then assisted in their work by the newly-won converts. It is inter- ment schools. (P.93.) esting to note that the author admits (p. 20), that in certain cases the One can judge from this brief out- Dutch Government facilitated Moslem propagandism by appointing Moham- line how important these studies are medan officials in pagan districts. for all who would have a just con- In the second lecture special attention is given to the doctrine of the ception of the perplexing problem of infallibility of the Moslem community (gemeente), as one of the ele- Islam in the Dutch possessions. A ments of strength in the system, to the regulations as regards non-Mos- word of criticism is necessary. Dr. lems according to the Koran and traditions, and to the fact that the codi- Hurgronje affirms that the Dutch fication of Moslem law has become impossible by the development of Is- Government is not favoring Islam, lam itself. He shows how the attempt on the part of the French and in proof states that the Moslem failed in Algiers, and how it is not desirable in other Moslem countries newspapers of Turkey and Egypt ac- under Christian rule. cuse the government of an exactly In the last lecture the author opposite policy. We do not think sums up his conclusions that education is the supreme need of the pres- the missionaries would agree with ent crisis. As in Turkey, in Egypt, and in Syria, so a modern education him. is disintegrating Islam to such an extent that altho the system as such We commend these studies to the is not capable of reform, the Moslem community is making rapid strides attention not only of missionaries, toward modern culture. He makes a strong plea for giving the natives but of all those who have to deal a larger share in the government by furnishing them with a higher educa- with government administration in tion, and while admitting that those who support missions are aiming at Moslem lands. an even higher ideal of cooperation, he considers their work far from ON TRAIL AKD RAPID BY DOG SLED AND hopeful, and believes that there can CANOE. By H. A. Cody. Illustrated.

12mo, 202 pp. $1.00, net. J. B. Lippin- cott & Co., Philadelphia, 1911.

This is an unusually stirring story of missionary life and adventure from the history of Bishop Bompas, who worked among the Indians and Eski- mos of North America. It is a story well told for boys and girls, and is even more interesting to adults than is the more complete biography. Many uninteresting details of the first vol- ume are omitted in this, and new mate- rial is added.

As a pioneer missionary among the Indians and Eskimos, Bishop Bompas found these tribes in a savage state. The comforts of civilization had not reached them, so that this is a story of hardship and danger, fascinating to every reader, old and young. The in- fluence of the volume is also uplifting, without appearing to be didactic or de- sirous of pointing out the morals. Few missionary biographies will be more interesting to young people.

DR. APRICOT OF "HEAVEN BELow." By TURKESTAN: THE HEART OF ASIA. By Will- Kingston deGruche. Illustrated. 8vo, iam Eleroy Curtis. Illustrated. $2.00, 144 PP. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell. net. George H. Doran Co., New York.

Missionary life in China is full of HALF A CENTURY IN CHINA. Recollections variety and incident. This story of the and Observations. Rev. A. E. Moule. experiences and work of a young 343 pp. 7s. 6d., net. Hodder & medical missionary and his bride in Stoughton, New York. Hang Chow is no exception. Humor and pathos, love and tragedy, all find THIRTY-FOUR YEARS IN POONA CITY. By a place in the narrative. It is a real- Rev. E. F. Elwin. Illustrated. 109 istic picture of the life, and gives many Pp. 2s., net. Mowbray, London. valuable facts relating to opium-smoking, leprosy, insanity, and the Chinese BURMESE SELF-TAUGHT, WITH PHONETIC philosophy of life. The doctor and PRONUNCIATION. By R. F. St. John. 6s. his wife are charming Christian people Marlborough, London. -well worth knowing, if only through the printed pages. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN BURMA. By Rev. W. C. Purser. Preface by Right Rev. A PRAYER BEFORE THE LES.SON. By Philip A. M. Knight. Illustrated. 246 pp. E. Howard. 16mo, 153 pp. 50 cents, 25., net. S. P. G., London. net. The Sunday-school Times Co, Philadelphia, 1911. THE ISLAND OF STONE MONEY. By W. H. Furness, M.D., F.R.G.s. Illustrated, Public prayer is an art that is de- 278 pp. $3.50, net. ]. B. Lippincott veloped not in the school of man, but Co., Philadelphia. of God. It is no simple matter to pray day after day or week after THE FUTURE OF AFRICA. By Rev. Donald week without wearing those who hear Fraser. Student Volunteer Missionon earth and in heaven. Mr. Howard ary Union, London. 1911. has given us these 153 prayers, v.<thout sameness or formality, and yet BARBAROUS. MEXICO. By John Kenneth with real vital practical petitions and Turner. 8vo. Cassell & Co., New a spirit of reverence and worship. York. Each prayer is connected with some Scripture lesson. It is a valuable little THE CHRISTIAN'S PRESENT DUTY. By C. book for Sunday-school officers and C. C. Pamphlet. 10 cents. Charles teachers. C. Cook, 150 Nassau St., New York.

NEW BOOKS ASPECTS OF ISLAM. By Duncan Macdonald, D.D. 375 pp. 6s. 6d., net. Macmillan THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGION IN JAPAN. Co., New York. By George William Knox, D.D. 12mo" 204 pp. $1.50. E. P. Dutton's Sons, MARRIAGE, TOTEMISM, AND RELIGION: AN New York. 1911. ANSWER TO CRITICS. By Lord Avebury. 241 pp. 4s. 6d., net. Longmans, Green FIFTY YEARS OF NEW JAPAN. By Count Okuma. 2 yols., 8yo, 1,262 pp. $7.50, & Co., New York. net. E. P. Dutton's Sons, New York. 1911. GEORGE AUGUSTUS SELWYN, PIONEER BISHOP OF NEW ZEALAND. By F. W. Boreham. THE FUTURE OF JAPAN. W: Petrie Wat- Illustrated. 160 pp. 15. 6d. Part- son. 8vo, 389 pp. $3.00. E. P. Dut- ridge, London. ton's Sons. 1911. AN OUTPOST IN PAPUA. By A. K. Chig- THE JAPANESE NATION IN EVOLUTION. By nell. 375 pp. lOs. 6d., net. Smith, William E. Griffis, L.H.D. 12mo, 420 Elder & Co., London. pp. $1.25, net. Thos. Y. Crowell & Co. 1911. WHAT WE Do IN NYASALAND. Compiled by D. S. Y. Mills. 266 Pp. 2s., net. THE CONVERSION OF INDIA; OR, REcONCILIA- Universities' Mission to Central Af- TION BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY AND HIN- rica, London. DUISM. Being Studies in Indian Mis- sions. By Emil P. Berg. 16mo, 238 AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S TWENTY-FIVE YEARS pp. Arthur H. Stockwell, 29 Ludgate IN TROPICAL AFRICA; BEING THE BIOG- RAPHY OF GWEN ELEN LEWIS, MIS.SION- Hill, E. c., London. 1911. ARY TO THE CAMEROONS AND THE KONGO. By George Hawker. Illustrated. 352 pp. 3s. Hodder & Stoughton, Lon- don.

CHRISTIAN FAITH AND THE NEW PSYCHOLO- GY. Evolution and Recent Science as Aids to Faith. By David A. Murray, D.D. 12mo, 384 pp. $1.50, net. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1911.

THE REAPPEARING. By Charles Morice. Introduction by Coningsby Dawson. 12mo, 211 pp. $1.20, net. George R. Doran Co., New York. 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1911

OF THE LATE ARTH UR T. PIERSON, D.D

In college days, at 18 years, 1855 In his first pastorate, at 27 years, 1864 His latest portrait at 72, 1909 In Philadelphia pastorate, at 54, 1891 In Detroit pastorate, at 43, 1880

CJ:he §Vfiss{onary '1(eeview

of the World Published by Funk and Wa.,,<7Ilalls Company (J8&&C K. Funk, Pre8., A. W. WAgnalls, VIce-Pres., RobertI. Cuddihy, Treas., Robert SeoH, 8ec'y), 44-60 E. !3d St., New York.

VOL. XXXIV. No.8 AUGUST, 191 I VOL. XXIV. No: 8 Old Se,ies New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES~ THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE sionary question. It is to be edited The Continuation Committee of the by Mr. J. H. Oldham, the secretary. Edinburgh Conference, of which Dr. John R. Mott is chairman, met in It is generally understood that such Auckland Castle, England, as the a magazine can not be popular or guests of the Bishop of Durham, May self-supporting, but it is hoped that 16th to 19th, inclusive. A fuller re- it will prove of great value to the more port of this meeting will be in our technical students of missionary probnext number, prepared by one who lems. was present, but in the meantime it is well to note one or two features. John R. Mott was urged to devote as much time as possible to the work 1. The spirit of unity and the desire of the committee, visiting mission for a fuller manifestation of this spirit fields and promoting the work of the continued to prevail. All but 7 of the committee at home. He is remarkably 28 members were present. The com- adapted for such work, and we look mittee considered questions not of lo- for great development in united effort calor denominational interest, but and in scientific development of misthose pertaining to the world and the sionary work in the next ten years. Kingdom of God, and the church as a whole. They considered such GEORGE S. EDDY IN CHINA themes as boards of study to care for the preparation of missionaries for Mr. George Sherwood Eddy, who their work; how missionaries are to has this year joined Dr. John R. Mott stand related to national governments; in the work for students in the East, the occupation of the entire world for recently spent a week in Shanghai. Christ, etc. After visiting the cities of southern China, meetings held in the Martyrs' A second important discussion was Memorial Hall, at the Young Men'e; on the establishment of a magazine to Christian Association Building, were represent the committee and its work. crowded each night with over a thou- They decided to issue an International sand men, a picked audience of stu- Missionary Quarterly, under its own dents and leading young business men, control, to discuss the more tech- admitted by ticket only. Many were nical and scientific phases of the mis- turned away who could not obtain standing room. These men are among • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not accept responsibility for opinionE' exprest, or posi,tions taken by contributors.-D. L P. the most patriotic students in the world 400 illL[uirers were enrolled from the and are throbbing with a burning na- association, and from 12 different in- tionalism. The subjects of "Patriot- stitutions in the city, and more than a ism," "The Need of China," "The Fu- hundred men personally confest Christ.

ture of China," etc., drew large num- In the three previous cities about one bers. Several young men in China hundred men in each came out, either have recently cut off an arm or a as inquirers or converts. In the first finger to send their petitions to the college visited on the last trip about government written in their own one-third of the students who took a blood. On the night when Mr. Eddy stand have already been baptized. Ap- spoke on "Christ the Only Hope of proximately one-third still desire to China," the interest was intense, and unite with the Church, but are pre- even pathetic. When he asked those vented by their youth or by their to rise as inquirers who would prom- non-Christian parents. Perhaps a ise to test Jesus Christ by daily read- third have fallen by the wayside, or ing His life and teaching, by daily have dwindled away through the per- prayer, and by following Him accord- secution of their parents and relatives.

ing to their conscience, over three There is urgent need at this time for hundred men rose and signed cards. prayer for all these studenrs who have These men are now being followed up taken a public stand. Many will be and enlisted in Bible classes and pri- passing through a terrible ordeal, for vate study groups. In subsequent meet- a man's foes are those of his own ings, after presenting the claims of household.

Christ as Savior and Lord, over a hun- Mr. Eddy reports on every side evi- dred men rose to accept and to confess dences of growth and encouragement Him publicly. in the Christian Church in China. The Meetings were held also in the va- Boxer uprising tried to wipe out rious mission colleges of the city. In Christianity, yet the empire gained one college 40 students from non- more converts in the ten years since Christian homes con fest Christ as Sa- that uprising than in the previous 90 vior and Lord. Meetings were held years of Christian effort in China. The also in the Imperial Polytechnic Col- movement for church union is as lege, the largest government institution strong in China as in India. On every in the city, and in a neighboring city, hand educational institutions are being where 900 students, largely from gov- united, and movements are on foot for ernment schools, filled the hall. uniting some of the denominations.

The opportunity before the Young THE Y. M. C. A. IN CHINA Men's Christian Association for reach- ing government students, for whom The growth of 'the local Young practically nothing is being done by Men's Christian Association in Shang- any other body, and for attracting the hai has been phenomenal. Four years upper classes in the cities, is unique. ago the building was in course of con- In every college where Christ was pre- struction. Within four years it has be- sented and decisions were asked for, come a center of mighty activity in the there was response on the part of the heart of that great city, and the build- students. During the week more than ing has already been outgrown. Its

OF THE

membership has increased within the tures and Bible classes. In some of the four years from some 300 to over colleges in China one is glad to find a 1,600; its students in educational staff of from IO to 15 foreigners for classes from about 200 to over 600; its two or three hundred students, and staff of workers from I7 to 54, and its these are none too many. But in the annual receipts from $8,000 to $25,000, Y. M. C. A. at Shanghai, two foreign all contributed and raised locally by the secretaries and thirty able Chinese Chinese themselves. It is a testimony teachers conduct a self-supporting into the efficiency of the association that stitution with 600 students, as only one within these four years the Chinese of the minor departments. have raised for the extension of the association over $85,000. Large gifts The building was erected at a cost have been enthusiastically given, Loth of $60,000, with only two foreign secby Christians and non-Christians. The retaries supported from abroad, which Viceroy, leading officials, financiers, is the mightiest evangelistic force in and merchants in the Chinese commu- this great city among the upper classes. nity have contributed large sums for Whoever gave this building, and whothe purchase of land to enable them to ever has been supporting these men erect new buildings. The Young Men's has been making an investment which Christian Association stands as a great is multiplying at compound interest, l11ediatin~factor between the East and cl1ld which is proving a mighty force the West, between the aspirations of for the regeneration of this great young China and the benefits of Chris- empire. Within four years the prestian civilization, whi~h it has to offer ent building has been outgrown, but them. More than 25,000 young men it may accommodate a boys' branch during the year attended the various of some two thousand members. scientific lectures, socials, debates and Within the next four years the mem· entertainments in the association. The bership of the association may easily moving pictures on the life of Christ rise to a total of 5,000 in the city. To have held the record for the largest at- multipiy such buildings a:1d to place tendance, crowding the hall on many a few picked men from the West in occasions. A total of 38,000 men at- a score of provincial capitals and the tended the various religious services great centers of commerce of the Chiduring the year. More than 600 stu- nese Empire, will enabie the associadents have been enrolled in the various tion to reach government students, Bible classes, of whom more than who are to furnish the official class three-fourths are non-Christians. A for new China, the young business number of men have confest Christ men in this day of the country's comand joined the Church. More than mercial awakening, and the literati, 600 young men are in attendance at who are the brain of the empire, and the day and night schools of the who will guide its thought and life. Y. M. C. A., making it one of the lar- Doors of opportunity are flung wide gest educational institutions in the city. before Christian young men to-day, all They represent the best families in the over Asia. "In no place in the world," community, and are practically all at- says Mr. Eddy, "is there such an optending the voluntary religious lec- portunity as in Asia for the investment of prayer, of life, of wealth."

A MOHAMMEDAN MISSIONARY the two days of the week when the SOCIETY school is closed in keeping up a con- The organization of a Mohammedan tinuous evangelistic work among these Missionary Society, called "The So- villages-and this with practically no ciety for Invitation and Instruction," additional expense. The people are is announced in Cairo. Its purpose is open-minded and receptive to the Gos- the founding of a seminary in Cairo pel, and Mr. Stead, who has been in where men shall be prepared for Daulatabad making the preliminary ar- world-wide propaganda in behalf of rangements, writes that he is more and Islam. They shall proceed to heathen more imprest with the largeness of the lands and to the lands of "The Book," opportunity here presented.

i.e., of the Bible, where religious liber- SHADOW AND SUNSHINE IN ty prevails, but they shan be used also TURKEY to strengthen Mohammedans who are drifting away from Islam on account The outlook in Turkey is not altoof carelessness or of lack of instruc- gether encouraging. In parliament tion. Islam seems to be preparing for there are stormy debates over Ziona battle royal with Christianity. May ism and other racial and religious diit find us prepared! visions. Frequent changes in the min- istry, and rebellions in Albania and OPPORTUNITY IN PERSIA Arabia show an alarming instability A wonderful opening for the Gospel and weakness in the Government.

in the village of Daulatabad, some two In other ways the conditions under days distant from Ramadan, is seen the new regime have improved; some in the fact that several Moslems have political and social reforms are pro- collected I,5°O tomans-$3,75o-to gressing, and if the financial difficul- open a school which shall be entirely ties can be met, the administration may self-supporting, and have asked for yet succeed. Whatever happens, the Christian teachers. Full liberty has old conditions and methods can never been given to teach the Bible, and the be restored. It is encouraging to note request has been made that the teach- that the minister of the interior has af- ings of Christianity be included in the firmed in parliament that the policy of curriculum. Some of the leading men the Government was not one of fusion of the city are enthusiastic supporters nor of suppression of language or re- of this movement, among them being ligion; that it was not meant to make one of the prominent "Ahounds," as all the inhabitants Turks, or to fill all the Mussulman religious teachers are .the offices with Turks, but to appoint called. The founders of the school are capable officials and to seek patiently to planning to build a large, modem adjust questions of dispute.

school building very shortly, and some A fierce struggle is proceeding be- of them say they will sell part of their tween the old regime and the new.

land, if need be, to make this the best For the moment the forces of reaction school in Persia. seem to be in the ascendant. They Daulatabad is the center of a large have forced th·rough the "Committee number of villages which can be easily of Union and Progress" a program of reached, so that the missionary who ten articles described as "anti-Parlia- takes charge of this school can spend mentary, anti-Christian, and, if not fa-

natically, at all events, narrowly Is- and used. The Osman Lloyd, a weII- lamic." We had hoped that, with the known Eastern paper, which pub- downfall of Abdul Hamid, after the lishes the edict, reminds its readers experiences of his iniquitous reign, that the Arnautes are called the people Turkey would be ready for enlightened without book (Kitabsis Arnaut), be- government; but tyrannies die hard. A cause, so goes the legend, their fore- lady writing from Montenegro to the fathers once hid his book in a head of Westminster Gazette describes how cabbage, and a cow came and devoured she had seen a large village in Albania cabbage and book together. "Since burned by Turkish soldiers, and the that time the Arnautes have remained three Christian churches wrecked, 'without book,' and are to-day almost while the mosques were left alone. entirely illiterate."

Twenty years ago Dr. J. K. Greene PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN NICA- RAGUA had the privilege of showing the sights of Constantinople to an American The Moravian Missions-blatt contraveler who had introduced himself as tains in its June number a most inone interested in missions. At the end teresting and important statement conof the day this stranger told Dr. cerning the attitude of the Government Greene that he had been much inter- of Nicaragua toward religion, from ested in the need of a church building which we translate the following. Acat Gedik Pasha and begged to place on cording to the newspaper, El Commerdeposit $5,000 for the new church cia, of February II, I9II, the Conbuilding. Since that year, 1890, the gress of Nicaragua is composed of beeffort has never been relaxed to se- tween 30 and 40 members, of whom cure permission to build that church. only one, Mr. A. W. Hooker, is a Only now has the permission been re- Protestant. At the meeting, of which ceived. The head of the Mohammedan El Commercia wrote, "the recognimosque said, "Far be it from me to op- tion of religion in Nicaragua" was the pose in any way the building of a order of the day. The Roman Cathohouse for the worship of God in this lics proposed the following resolution: place." The leaders of the Gregorian "The religion of the republic is the and Greek churches were equally cor- Catholic, Apostolic, Roman religion. dial. There is a great contrast be- It is prohibited to limit the liberty or tween this attitude and that under Ab- the legal rights of the Catholic Church. dul Hamid. The exercise of other religions must PROGRESS IN ALBANIA not be hindered so long as they are Halil Bey, the Secretary of the In- not opposed to Christian morality and terior in Turkey, has issued an edict public order." The liberal government concerning the reopening of the declared, however, that equal rights schools in Albania, which is of high- must be granted to all denominations, est importance for the cause of Chris- saying, "the Moravos are our brethren, tian missions. The:se schools were who worship Jesus, only in different closed because they had used text- form, and whose religious principles books printed with Latin letters. In must be respected and guaranteed by future all books, except the Koran and us." It therefore moved to give the the catechism, may be printed thus Moravian Church the legal rights of a

person. The Protestant member of second statement is even more pro· Congress, Mr. Hooker, asked that not foundly a cause of thanksgiving. only the Moravian Church, but all "These men told me that within a year Protestant churches be granted legal rum selling would be prohibited. They rights. After much discussion a reso- went away this morning with a very lution was passed which was very simi- favorable impression of the work of lar to that proposed by the Roman the missions." Catholics, to which was added, "The churches of other denominations shall Everywhere in that district there is have legal rights and full liberty." This an eagerness to learn to read. On a reads well upon paper, but the future recent journey the chief of a village will show if such liberty of the Protes- formally made request for a teacher tant churches is possible so long as and the opening of a school, offering the Roman Catholics are the leaders. to build at his own expense houses for the school and teacher. Ten young PORTUGUESE SLAVERY DOOMED IN men from that village have bought AFRICA primers and are trying to learn to read by themselves. Last year we mentioned the slavery which persisted in the Portuguese USING WASTE MATERIAL colonies on the West Central coast of Africa. Many have been praying that The World's Sunday-school Assoin some way the conscience of Portu- ciation has undertaken a new and exgal might be stirred and this crime tremely practical form of missionary against humanity might be stopt. work in organizing a "Department for A letter dated April 7, 1911, from Mr. Utilizing Waste Material." The su- Woodside, of the American Board, perintendent is Rev. Samuel D. Price, shows a new and more encouraging of Chicago, and the object is to gather attitude and outlook, for which we things from those who have excess, are thankful. He says: and distribute them to those who have need. Many missionaries can use to "We have had with us for the past great advantage in their work the two days a couple of Portuguese offi- things which others throwaway. This cials. They are a commission sent by work of gathering and distributing is the new Governor General of Loanda growing rapidly. The names of misto put a stop to the slave trade. Word, sionaries have been sent to over 1,000 it seems, had been sent some time ago Sunday-schools or individuals, and that there was to be no more slave many more requests are corning from dealing. These men came to see if the mission fields than can be supplied. that order was being heeded. They Books, pictures, illustrated papers, visited all the mission stations in Bihe, maps, Bibles, lantern-slides, Sundaygiving to each missionary a list of school exercises, scrap-books, postalquestions they were asked to answer cards, and numberless other things in writing. They asked if we knew that have served their purpose at horne any white man who had bought slaves, may be still more greatly used in other whether we knew of any officials con- fields. Send a line of inquiry to Rev. niving at it, or whether we knew any Samuel D. Price, 805 Hartford Buildwhite man abusing the natives." A ing, Chicago, Ill.

TAPPAN PIERSON AND HIS WIFE} FRANCES BENEDICT

A characteristic portrait taken about 1901 ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON: HIS LIFE AND HIS MESSAGE MANY-SIDED VIEWS OF THE LATE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CONTRIBUTED BY FRIENDS AND COWORKERS The name and writings of Arthur T. artist of no small ability. A few knew Pierson are known all over the world, him as above all a friend in the day of but the man himself was only appre- trouble or a wise adviser in time of ciated by a few. Noone knows a man perplexity, and some who saw him in but his Maker, and yet many may gain the social circle and the home rememglimpses of the real man from various ber Doctor Pierson as the devoted angles. It is thus a composite portrait husband and father, the man of home that most clearly and faithfully pre- love and friendly fellowship. None sents the character and work of the who came into any close contact with man as he really is and not merely as him ever doubted his honesty, ability, the individual sees him. or fidelity to the truth at whatever the cost to himself. Those who knew him To some Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was best recognized in him two great pasonly a flaming advocate of missions- sions that overshadowed all else-even the "Nestor of Foreign Missions," as love of home and family-first, an inone calls him. To another he was the tense love and loyalty to the Word of enthusiastic Bible student and the zeal- God, and a desire to know, teach and ous champion of Biblical inspiration. follow God's revealed will; second, an One saw him chiefly as an eloquent overwhelming desire to see the Kingpreacher, another as a gifted writer; dom of God extended throughout the some knew him as a musician and a world, and a passion to use voice and lover of music; others, as a poet or an

pen and money to help carry out the life-work. 2. Second, his period as a great commission of Christ. These preacher, with a desire to serve and two passions, that are so closely re- excel as a Biblical and literary master lated and yet are sometimes unfortu- of sermon writing and delivery. This nately divorced, set the heart and soul period closed with the burning of of the man on fire, and he was willing the Fort Street Church in Detroit in and anxious to burn himself out in 1876, when he gave up literary preachtheir cause. ing for extemporaneous, evangelistic and expository speaking. 3. Third, Hi. Life Hiatory was the period of growing missionary zeal from 1876, when he offered to Doctor Pierson's life-history may be head a band of men to go into some divided into five periods: 1. First, his home missionary field and establish a days of preparation when at home, at Christian colony. During this time he school, at college, and in the theo- published his great "Trumpet Call;' logical seminary, God trained him in ways, seen and unseen, for his great DR. AND MRS. PIERSON, THEIR CH[LDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN*'

First row: Pierson Curtis, Mrs. Edith Pierson Evans, Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, Miss Anna W. Pierson, Arthur T. Pierson, Mrs. Jean Maclaughlan Pierson, Dr. Farrand B. Pierson.

Second row : Grace Curtis, Thomas S. Evans and Louise Evans, Mrs. Emma Belle Dougherty Pierson, Mrs. Helen Pierson Curtis, Mrs. A. T. Pierson, Ruth Evans, Miss Laura W. Pierson.

Third row: Gordon Curtis, Delavan L. Pierson, Ralph Curtis, Arthur Farrand Pierson. • This picture was taken at Northfield, Mass., in 1906. The only absent member -of the family was Miss Louise B. Pierson, who died while a missionary in India.

TAPPAN

the "Crisis of Missions," a book that knew that God hates all lying and dehad much to do with the great awa- ceit. This was one ground for his kening of the Church to wide mission- firm faith in the integrity of the scripary responsibility. 4. Fourth, was the tures. This characteristic often led period of international ministry when, him to say apparently harsh and unin 1891, he gave up stated salary and local pastorates to devote himself to A DRAWING BY DR. PIERSON wider work in America and England. 5. Fifth, there came in the closing ten A page from the golden·wedding volume pre· or fifteen years of his life a greater em- pared by Dr. Pierson for his wife in 1910. BeM phasis on more spiritual Bible study, neath the …drawing is the following verse, referring and a holier, more spiritual life. to their early married life: There was in the closing twenty-five years also a noticeable mellowing of Our home was humble, income smaU; character and a sweetening of disposi- Sometimes we had no cash at alI; tion that the earlier strenuous years of conflict against evil and struggle for And we were "up a tree!" mastery had retarded or obscured. But there was still a place to sleep> With clothes to wear and food to keep, Doctor Pierson was during all his life a hard worker, and the achievements And, once in a while, a "fee" 1 which many ascribed to unusual gifts were in reality due to unusual indus- kind things, but it was a surgeon's try. It was his custom to rise every kindness that pointed out the disease morning at 5 :30 or 6 :00 o'clock, in and desired to effect a cure. This also order that he might devote an hour led him to painstaking accuracy in the and a half or two hours to prayer smallest details, including sermoniand personal Bible study. It was dur- zing, Bible study, cash accounts, and ing these hours that he gained his letter-writing. Accuracy was a pasdeep insight into spiritual truth that sion with him, and wherever he was gave to his testimony and interpreta- led astray it was by trusting too much tion the ring of certainty and author- in the accuracy of others. ity. Every moment of the day was as conscientiously used, as were talents, strength and money-not in a parsimonious, solemn spirit, but as a good steward whose Master desired the health and happiness of his son and servant as well as his faithful service.

His Chief Characteristics Perhaps the three chief characteristics of Doctor Pierson, as viewed by his son, were first, his unswerving fidelity to truth and righteousness. He had no patience with fraud or falsehood of any kind. He believed in the absolute faithfulness of God, and

A second characteristic was his money, but to give a message to others. childlike simplicity of spirit. Only Here is the list: those who knew him best recognized this. Absolute faith in other men and Missions women sometimes led him astray, but one could deceive him only once; faith THE CRISIS OF MISSIONS. 1886. when shaken was with great difficulty THE DIVINE ENTERPRISE OF MISSIONS. 189l. restored. Trades people found in THE MIRACLES OF MISSIONS. (4 volumes.) Doctor Pierson a confiding customer, whom at times they might overreach 1891-190l. once, but his confidence was so genu- THE NEW ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. 1894. ine and friendly that they seldom took THE MODERN MISSION CENTURY. 1901. advantage of him. His judgment was also so good, as a rule, and his sense FORW ARD MOVEMENTS OF THE LAST HALF of stewardship was so strong that in business, as in theology, he usually CENTURY. 1900. succeeded. THE GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD. The third prominent characteristic that we may note was his self-deny- Bible Study and Apologetics ing generosity. Doctor Pierson never sought things for himself. It was his MANY INFALLIBLE PROOFS. 1886. delight to give-money, time, talents, PAPERS FOR THINKING PEOPLE. 1892. influence, life-all were at the disposal of others. He would be as THE GORDIAN KNOT. 1892. pleased as a child if he could buy a IN CHRIST JESUS. 189B. suit of clothes at a bargain in order GOD'S LIVING ORACLES. 1904. that he might give more largely to THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL LIFE. 190B. God's work or to a brother in need. Giving was his one extravagance-i f THE BIBLE AND SPIRITUAL CRITICISM. 1905. it might be so termed. For years it THE ACTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. 1895. has been the custom of Doctor Pierson and his wife on their birthdays STUMBLING STONES REMOVED. 1895. and anniversaries to make presents to others. Their joy was to increase LESSONS IN THE SCHOOL OF PRAYER. the joy of others, to save in order that they might give. Even the money THE ONE GoSPEL. 1889. spent on themselves was not for lux- KNOWING THE SCRIPTURES. 1910. ury or personal comfort but in order KEYS TO THE WORD. 1887. that they might be enabled to do more THE INSPIRED WORD. 1888. efficient work. Spiritual Life and Sermons As an Author THE KESWICK MOVEMENT. 1903. The great industry of Doctor Pier- SHALL WE CONTINUE IN SIN? 1897. son is shown in the n"!arly fifty books THE MAKING OF A SERMON. 1907. that he wrote during his lifetime. THE HEART OF THE GoSPEL. 1892. These cover many themes, but each THE HEIGHTS OF THE GOSPEL. 1893. THE HOPES OF THE GOSPEL. 1896. one was written, not for fame or THE COMING OF THE LORD. 1896. GODLY SELF-CONTROL. 1909. THE SPIRITUAL CLINIQUE. 1909.

THE SPIRIT'S VOICE TO THE CHURCHES.

THE BELIEVER'S LIFE.

LOVE IN WRATH.

LIFE POWER. 1895.

Biography GEORGE MULLER, OF BRISTOL. 1899. JAMES WRIGHT, OF BRISTOL. 1906. CATHARINE, OF SIENNA. 189B. SEVEN YEARS IN SIERRA LEONE. 1897.

General SEED THOUGHTS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKERS. 1900. THE DIVINE ART OF PREACHING. 1892.

EVANGELISTIC WORK IN PRINCIPLE AND PRACTISE. 1887. A VOLUME OF SERMONS (NEW). 1911.

ANSWERED PRAYER.

THE BIBLE IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC.

HOPE, THE LAST THING IN THE WORLP.

IN FULL ARMOUR.

THE CORONATION HYMNAL. 1894.

The suggestion as to a permanent and fitting memorial to Dr. Pierson will be found in the editorial notes (page 617). Friends will find it of interest.

ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON 57

The Early and Later Day. of the Presbyterian Church at Sing Sing, I was the successor of Rev. BY REV. WILSON PHRANER, D.O. John P. Lundy, who was his brother- in-law. having married his eldest sis- A former pastor and teacher of Dr. Pierson, and ter. For some time during the later a lifelong friend-now ninety years of age. years of his preparation for college, My recollections of our beloved DR. :PIERSON'S PARENTS friend extend back to the early period of his childhood and youth. He was Sally Ann Wheeler Pierson and Joseph H. Pierson born in the city of New York on March 6, 1837. I was first introduced Arthur Pierson was a member of my to him on the first Sabbath of May, congregaton. In 1857, at the age of 1843, when he, a lad of six years, was twenty, he was graduated from Hambrought by his sister to the Sabbath- ilton College, and then took his theoschool of Old Spring Street Church, logical course at Union Theological New York, of which I was then super- Seminary, New York, from which he intendent. The boy was placed in the was graduated in 1860, and was liinfant class, and as I entered the censed by the Presbytery of New church after Sabbath-school his York and ordained as an evangelist. mother met me and said: "Did my little boy Arthur join your school to- After supplying a church at Winday?" "Yes," I replied. Never will sted, Conn., and his marriage to Miss I forget the expression on the moth- Sarah Frances Benedict of New York er's face as she said: "Be sure you on July 12, 1860, he accepted a call make a Christian of him. I want all to the Congregational Church of Bingmy children to be Christians and to hamton, N. Y. For three years he live honorable, useful lives." labored there with much acceptance, I knew Arthur Pierson during his early school-days, and I taught him his Latin and Greek in the Mount Washington Institute, New York. I was then completing my studies in the Seminary. In his boyhood days Arthur Pierson was unusually bright and cheery, and gave promise of the brilliant future which was before him. He was studious in his habits, quick to learn, and remarkably intelligent and ambitious to win the approbation of his teachers. At the age of fifteen he made profession of his faith in Christ, and even in his boyhood was earnest and active as a Christian disciple. He first became a member of the Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Church, then under the charge of Rev. Dr. Samuel D. Burchard.

When I went in 1850 to take charge

and here his two eldest daughters a brilliant and powerful extemporanewere born. In 1863 he resigned to ous speaker. After thirteen years in Detroit, he was for one year pastor of 'Tll E C}lURCH AT BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK the Second Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, and from there went to Pastor, 1860·1863 the Bethany Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. This is the church of which the Hon. John Wanamaker is still a ruling elder and superintendent of the large Sabbath-school. Here, in a needy part of the city and in the midst of a very large number of young people, Dr. Pierson found a congenial field of labor, and here he did some of the best work in his life. He felt that he was adapted to the field, and with great earnestness and efficiency he prosecuted his work and gathered a rich and precious harvest into the Kingdom.

In 1888 he made his second trip abroad to England and the Continent, accept a call to the Presbytel'ian THE CHURCH AT WATERFOR~. NEW YORK Church of Vaterford, N. Y., where he spent six years in an active and Pastor, 1863·1869 useful ministry. I well remember having exchanged pulpits with him and the same year he became, at the during this period, and I learned from urgent request of Dr. Royal G. Wilder, his people that he was very highly esteemed and his work was greatly appreciated by his congregation and by the community. In 186<) he was called to the Fort Street Presbyterian Church of Detroit, Mich ., accepted . and there spent thirteen years (186<) to 1882). Here he grew in strength and his influence in the church was greatly extended. In 1876 his church edifice burned down, and for sixteen months he preached in the Opera I-louse. It was at this time that he was led to lay aside his manuscript, the use of which he never afterward resumed. It is no doubt largely due to this fact that he became so noted as

19II ] ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON

the editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Pierson as the results of this visit, and 01<' THE VVORLD. While always and in we hoped for new inspiration and imc all his pastorates he showed his in- pulse to the great cause of foreign terest in the work of missions, yei missions. The results of his personal this work grew upon him as the years observation, his fellowship with his went by, until he became so absorbed missionary brethren, and of the field in it that he was willing to devote his life and energies to the promotion of THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, INDIANAPOLIS the interests of this great cause. He took up the work of advocating the Pastor, 1882-1883 cause of missions with great enthusiasm, and to the end of his life it and the work would have been most largely absorbed his attention. His cordially welcomed, but God has in ruling passion, as one has well said, His infinite wisdom ordered otherwas the "evangelization of the world," wise. Our friend was not permitted and he became an expert and an au- to carry out his full purpose. Early thority upon the subject of foreign in his journey he was taken ill, and missions, having a larger and fuller was only able to visit the Hawaiian acquaintance with the subject than al- Islands and Japan and Korea. He remost any man of his day. turned home, and after a brief period of suffering he passed to the larger life During his several visits abroad he in the Better Land beyond. He did was preacher at the Metropolitan not regret having gone on this visit Tabe.rnacle for two years, and he to the foreign field. filled· the same position in Christ's Church, London, for two different Thus ended, at the age of seventyterms. He was the Exeter Hall lec- four, an unusually earnest, active, effiturer on Bible Study at three different times, and also gave the Duff Missionary Lectures in Scotland in 1893. After returning to America he annually lectured at Northfield in the Moody Schools and Conferences, and men and women gathered from far and wide to hear him. It was largely through his influence that the Student Volunteer movement was founded in Mount Hermon in 1886, and he was the author of the watchword.

Dr. Pierson's lectures and missionary sermons in many churches made his influence widely felt in behalf of worldwide missions. It was his deep interest in this subject which led him to undertake a personal visit to the foreign missionary field. Much was anticipated by the many friends of Dr.

cient and useful life. Few men have Hi. Student Life been able to make their influence on behalf of the blessed Gospel so widely BY REV. DELAVAN L. LEONARD, D.D. felt. By his preaching, his missionary lectures. his articles in THE MISSION- A college-mate and lifelong friend and coworloer ARY REVIEW, and by his numerous books he reached and quickened and My first meeting with Arthur T. helped vast multitudes of his fellow Pierson occurred in October of 1855 -a little over fifty-and-five years ago. He had then just entered his junior year in Hamilton College, at Clinton, THE BETHANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND SUNDAY-SCHOOL} PHILAD&LPHIA Pastor, 1883·1891 men in many parts of the world. Sure- N. Y., and I a few hours before had ly such a life was worth living, and arrived upon the campus, an utter those of us who survive and who per- stranger, to begin my studies as a sonally knew and loved and appre- freshman. After supper, as I was ciated his character and work, as standing upon the steps of South Colwell the Church and world at large, lege, at the entrance of one of the have reason to thank God for giving halls, taking in my new surroundings to his Church in our time this emi- (and opprest by more than a touch nently earnest and useful servant of of loneliness and homesickness), a the Gospel. "Blessed are the dead who student came up with extended hand, die in the Lord from henceforth. Yea, inquired my name and gave his. With saith the Spirit, that they may rest the utmost cordiality he invited me to from their labors and their works do his room, which happened to be upon follow them." the third floor above mine. There, al-

TAPPAN' PIERSON

most at once, we well-nigh literally only for illustration, or to lend force "fell" into a friendship and intimacy to what was said. Certain always to unmatched by any other in my life. have something to say which was well I had come from a farm in Western worth hearing, he was also certain to New York, was clad in plainest attire, say it in such a way as to hold the my face sunburnt and my hands hard- attention of the hearer. Tho at gradu- ened with toil; while he was city ation he was as yet scarcely out of born and bred, and arrayed in gar- boyhood, being less than twenty, at ments which both for quality and style various points the evidence was con- far surpassed anything I had ever clusive that, should he live. his achieve- seen! Tho a member of the junior ments were destined to be far more class, from the first he treated me as than ordinary. None who knew him an equal, and appeared to desire my well in college were surprized when he friendship. That first evening in par- was invited to fill various promment ticular I was fairly stunned by my pulpits. even to the one made world- new friend's musical ability, both vocal famous by its connection with the and instrumental, as with voice and name of Spurgeon.

nimble fingers upon his melodeon he Naturally, his ability as an author rendered divers hymn-tunes and an- was not surmized in college days; but thems not only, but also passages from it is mainly through his writings that this and that oratorio and opera. The he will be remembered longest and by fellowship thus begun continued until the largest number. His monument is his graduation two years afterward, found in the pages of the twenty-two and again for a year in Union Theo- volumes of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW logical Seminary. and his books, which number nearly As a student Arthur Pierson was half a hundred.

really brilliant in many points. He stood well in all his classes, and came A Classmate'. Tribute within one of carrying off the highest BY REV. WILLIAM J. ERDMAN, D.D.

honors at graduation. This mark of A classmate and a lifelong friend intellectual genius was his: what In this brief tribute of love and es· many were able to gain and wield teem, I would call attention to the only after a severe tug for hours, he special preparation for his life work would grasp quickly-almost by intu- as a wonderful instance and iIlustra· ition. His memory also was phenom- tion of a divine purpose and ordering. enal; all his intellectual possessions Such preparation was both intellecseemed to be ready for use whenever tual and spiritual. wanted. To me, who knew Arthur T. Pier- On the platform, before an audi- son intimately for over fifty years, he ence, he was found at his best. now stands out in clearest light as one Scarcely ever did he approach a fail- who possest phenomenal abilities and ure or fail to please and edify. His varied acquirements, which he had form and presence were attractive, his consecrated wholly to the service and voice was musical, with seemingly glory of his Lord and Savior.

limitless reserves of power; his ges- His mental equipment was remark· tures were graceful, and were meant able. It was distinguished by quick-

ness of apprehension, tenaciousness of and luminous statements and cogent memory, clarity of judgment in mat- arguments so characteristic of his ters literary and logical, and an artis- writings and public discourses. The tic sense of harmony and proportion, Spirit of God fused and minted all which imparted to his style and char- into the new coin of the heavenly acteristics so distinctive that his wri- realm. tings were easily recognized by his constant readers. In brief, Dr. Pierson was thus pre- pared in earlier years for the great He had a power of accurate and di- mission to which God called and forerect utterance in his public addresses ordained him. It was no common man which made it possible to follow him who for two years, without loss to the with ease through the most elaborate church of its prestige or power, took arguments. Altho he was a genius, up the work of Charles H. Spurgeon brilliant, bold, fertile in imagination in his world-commanding pulpit; who and comprehensive in knowledge, he later lectured before thousands in Exwas noted for tireless industry and eter Hall, and in the cities of Great painstaking in the accumulation and Britain, and who always met most methodical arrangement of his knowl- acceptably the intellectual and spiritual edge. He was a signal illustration of requirements of the Keswick Conventhe oft-quoted definition of a scholar tions and Northfield Conferences. -"one who knows something of everything, and everything of some- In all such places, as well as in his thing"; and in his case, through a publications, there was the bold afdeep, purifying, spiritual experience, firmation of unworldly, evangelical that "something," of which he would truth. It was not possible for him to know everything, became the Sacred falter in his testimony to the need and Scriptures and Foreign Missions. power of the gospel "of Christ and Him crucified" to save men of every This spiritual change and conse- nation; he had been too mightily conquent consecration of all his powers vinced of the supernatural origin of to the service of the Lord took place the Scriptures, and of the weakness during his pastorate in Detroit, Mich. and unwisdom of an all-accommodat- In addition to other causes, it was due ing liberalism. in great measure to the testimony of Major D. W. Whittle, who was then His belief in the premillennial comengaged in evangelistic labors in that ing of our Lord to close "this present city. In this crisis of his life his am- evil age" with judgment and to open bition became sanctified and was di- the blessed age to come, was firmly rected into the ways which led to a held and positively taught. great ministry of world-wide blessing. His departure to be with Christ has In the multiform testimony and made a great vacancy among the leadteaching of his addresses and books it ers of the Church at home and abroad; is clearly evident how the facts and but all fellow workers and Christians truths gathered through many years in many lands must thank God for the from various realms of human knowl- life and ministry of this faithful servedge and achievement, now served for ant of Christ, and earnest contender the making of those felicitous phrases for "the faith which was once for all delivered unto the saints."

TAPPAN PIERSON

In the Detroit Pastorate ing less than brilliant. But his style of BY ELISHA A. FRASER, ESQ. preaching was entirely changed. The A friend and member of the Detroit Church largest opera-house in the city was Ifhen Arthur Tappan Pierson, a engaged for preaching services. Peoyoung man, not many years out of the ple of all denominations thronged to seminary, became pastor of the Fort Street Presbyterian Church forty-two years ago, he immediately became dis- tinguished as the preacher of sermons far out of the ordinary for their liter- ary style and scholarly finish. These classical productions attracted large congregations. His fame spread abroad. Visitors from other cities quite generally availed themselves, when in Detroit, of the privilege of hearing his discourses. He was in constant demand on special occasions throughout the State. It is not at all surprizing that the young man, flat- tered by such admiration, should be somewhat ambitious to make his ser- mons and addresses still more literary.

He subsequently states that such was the fact.

On the roth of November, A.D.

1876, the Fort Street Presbyterian Church was destroyed by fire. This was a structure of the Gothic type, of surpassing beauty, the pride of its pastor, the admiration of all beholders.

It was a sermon in stone. For more THE FORT STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, DETROIT than two decades the passing mil- Pastor, 1869·1882 lions had gazed upon it, to be forever hear the Gospel preached by Doctor after better men and women for the Pierson, and many came who had not beautiful vision that spoke to them of been accustomed to attend any relig- the Source of all beauty. The destruc- ious services. He laid aside his writ- tion of this building made a profound ten sermons, and without notes, look- impression upon the brilliant occupant ing squarely into the eyes of his audi- of its pulpit, and he afterward de- tors, delivered some of the most con- clared that it marked an epoch in his vincing and powerful sermons it has life. He gave up preaching for liter- ever been my pleasure and profit to ary effect, and his motto henceforth hear. The result was one of the great- was, "W0 is unto me if I preach not est religious revivals our city has the Gospel." Not that his sermons ever experienced. Scores of converts were less brilliant. He could be noth- were added to many of the churches

of all denominations in Detroit. Some to his persuasion for all good causes, of our most prominent and influential and their response was generous.

men date their conversion to a Chris- Doctor Pierson was invariably in tian life to those Opera House serv- Presbytery and Synod always facile ices. princeps. On one occasion, when as Doctor Pierson had no narrow con- a delegate I accompanied him to Syn- ception of his sphere of duty. He was od, the State University at Ann Arbor interested in the civic affairs of De- was under discussion, and some of the troit. and his voice was frequently delegates were denouncing the insti- heard in condemnation of the wrong tution as irreligious. The sons and and commendation of the right. All daughters of many Presbyterian fam- religious movements to advance the ilies were there, and I can distinctly cause of the Master received his en- recall Doctor Pierson's eloquent decla- dorsement without regard to creed or ration that if the facts were as stated, party politics: then there was a field for missionary He was one of the leaders in the labor at Ann Arbor. Steps were imme- founding of the Detroit Presbyterian diately taken with that end in view, and Alliance, an organization which united this resulted, under the leadership of all the Presbyterian churches of the Dr. Wallace Radcliffe (Dr. Pierson's city for the purpose of extending successor) in the establishment of Christian work. Largely through this the Tappan Presbyterian Association, agency the number of Presbyterian which now has buildings and other· churches in Detroit have been quin- property at Ann Arbor worth more tupled. than fifty thousand dolIars and a pro- He was influential in his own church spective endowment of one hundred in securing large contributions to all thousand dollars. This institution has good causes, and especially made his now its own student-pastor to look congregation conspicuous as one of after the religious welfare of about the best contributors to Home and eight hundred Presbyterian students in Foreign Missions. His church-mem- attendance at the University of Michibership was wealthy and influential. gan in Ann Arbor. Other denomina- Zachariah Chandler, then United tions emulating this example are doing States Senator, and Russell A. Alger, a like service for their students at the afterward United States Senator, and same institution. Similar work is also both subsequently members of presi- being done at other State universities dential cabinets at Washington, and throughout the Union. both likewise prominently mentioned as candidates for President of the The fourteen years of Dr. Pierson's United States, were regular members pastorate were fruitful in so many di- rections that it would be impossible to trace in this brief article. Our city of his congregation. James F. Joy, and State are living on a higher plane known throughout the Union as the because of his sojourn with us. To promoter and builder of railroads, elaborate would require a volume. His with judges, lawyers, men of all pro- influence in the labor of these years fessions and merchant princes, was shall go on widening for all time.

one of the trustees. Such men yielded "Blessed are the dead which die in the

Lord . . . their works do follow As a Miuionary Advocate them." Elder E. C. Walker once designated this pastorate as "the Gold- BY ROBERT E. SPEER en Age" of our church. A friend and spiritual son In the month of February, A.D. 1899, we celebrated the fiftieth anni- It is a privilege to be permitted to versary of the Fort Street Church. bear testimony to the influence which Doctor Pierson was present and de- Dr. Pierson exerted upon the mission- livered a stirring and elegant address. ary thought and life of his day. He wrote a Jubilee Hymn, which was sung on that occasion, one which we He was one of the great seers of the treasure as one of our most valued world vision. Early in his ministry possessions: he lifted up his eyes and looked upon the field, and as he looked he saw The Jubilee Hymn that it extended far beyond Bingham- ton, Waterford, Detroit, Indianapolis, o God, we adore Thee, and worship be- Philadelphia-that it embraced the whole world. There are many still fore Thee, who do not see this or who, thinking Thy praise tunes the harps of the they see it, are nevertheless dominated by preferences which split up the heavenly throng; world and postpone the claims of Thy love is eternal, Thy glory supernal; parts of it until other parts have been first supplied, or condition the offer Accept our thanksgiving and jubilant of the Gospel to some for whom Christ song. died upon its prior acceptance by others for whom He died no more. Thy mercy has led us, Thy Goodness has But Dr. Pierson saw the world whole, fed us, and thenceforward he Jived and wrought for the evangelization of it Thy Pillar has guided our wandering all, America and England, France and feet; Russia equally with China, India and Africa, and these equally with those. Thy wisdom has taught us, and now This world view profoundly affected Thou has brought us his conception of the Gospel and of Christ. It gave him a gospel as great In festal assembly, rejoicing to meet. as all humanity and a Christ greater than humanity. The view which men For fifty years cherished, this church has take of Christ is determined largely not perished, by the work they expect of Him. If all that is expected is an ethical ex- For Thou has upheld from the days of ample, the person of Christ con- its youth; tracts to that expectation. When men had a deep sense of sin and realized The lamp is yet shining, the light not that the work which must be done declining, for them was a work which only the Eternal in the flesh could do, then the The Flame still supplied with the oil person of Christ expanded and men of Thy truth. saw in Him their glorious God. Dr.

Some passing Death's portals, have joined the immortals, At home in the Church of the First- born above; Their worship inspiring, the:ir service untiring, Where day knows no night, and where life is all Love.

Our Jubilee meeting is rapidly fleeting, And pathways, unknown and untrod- den, to trace; Go Thou, Lord, before us; be Thy ban- ner o'er us, Till gathered at last to the praise of Thy grace.

Pierson had the great view of Christ pressure of this conception in full which a profound sense of sin and of power. It was looking and hoping sin's awfulness and of the wonder of for the second coming of Christ, and sin's forgiveness and defeat gives to a that great expectation filled it with man. But he had an even greater the earnestness and eagerness and in- view of Christ, for to the immensity tensity which came from its convic- of the work which he saw Christ do- tion that its enterprise was practicable ing in a single soul in dealing with and that it might and must make ready sin, was added the immensity of the for the coming of the Son of Man.

work which he saw Christ was to do Dr. Pierson held in this regard the for the world in destroying its sin, and Apostolic expectation. He did not by His Own promises and in His own fix the time of our Lord's return, just time, bringing in His world kingdom. as the New Testament writers did These views of the world as the ob- not, but he knew that the Christian's ject of Christ's love and redeeming proper attitude, if he is to be faithful grace, and as the field of the Church's to his Lord, is the attitude of vigilant mission, gave him a Gospel adequate preparedness. "Watch, therefore, for to the needs of each human soul and at such an hour as ye think not, the of our home lands. He early per- Son of Man cometh." But it was mt ceived that an English Gospel can from the Apostolic hope alone that he not save England or a single Eng- drew this spirit, altho the connection lishman, that the only Gospel which is between Christ's second coming and adequate to any local need is the uni- world evangelization, was to him, as versal Gospel, and that the sooner and it is to many, a Scriptural principle; the more fully we offer it to every it was also from his study of the creature, the richer and more massive world's need of the Gospel, from the will be its appeal and its ministry to New Testament representation of the each creature. A Gospel which is as salvation of Christ as the only salva- busy saving China as it is in saving tion, from the rapid movements of the Scotland will the sooner and more ef- world's life, from the opening of all fectively save both. He saw this, and doors, from the challenging successes his evangelistic message, which was of mission work, from the peril of ever fresh and effective, was indis- ~piritual clec1ens,ion and poverty at solubly bound to his missionary mes- home, if the primary duty of the sage. And conversely, he realized that Church was neglected. All these and the Gospel which is to be able to cross other considerations combined to fill wide seas and make an impact on him with an eager energy for imme- heathen lands must have an enormous diate efforts to carry the Gospel to the momentum, which can only be given whole world. The founders of the re- to it at home, and which must be given form missionary enterprise struck this to it here, if it is not to arrive with same note of immediacy. The evan- spent vitality. gelization of the world in their gener- In the second place, Dr. Pierson was ration was the noble dream of the one of the first to bring back into the early missionaries to the Sandwich missionary idea the conception of im- Islands. But for a generation or more mediacy. The early Church felt the the note of urgency had died low. Now

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it has sounded forth again loud and with incident and anecdote and fact.

clear. It was the dominant note at It ranged the whole world of life and Edinburgh, and to many that rich and all literature for its material, and it almost ecumenical reassertiOll of the fused all the material into a red and immediacy of our missionary duty wa"s contagious glow. There was always but the full and rounded utterance of the peril in such an apologetic of over- the message of which Dr. Pierson and strain, of seeing things in dispropor- a few others were the lonely voices tion, of startling the reader by taking in the wilderness, a quarter of a cen- hidden aspects and setting them in too turyago. brilliant a light, but these are the "The Crisis of Missions" was the perils of all propagandas, and if there book in which Dr. Pierson put his ap- was room for differences of spiritual peal-crisp, sharp, arousing. Hun- interpretation, nevertheless, the effort dreds of present-day advocates of mis- was always made to present facts and sions got their first inspiration "from to be sure that they were facts. In that "book. Some mission boards dis- public speech no men excelled Dr.

tributed it gratuitously to all minis- Pierson, Dr. A. J. Gordon and Dr.

ters of their denomination who would Ellinwood in presenting the new apol- promise to preach sermons on it. ogetic for missions, and in work with There are many situations which are his pen Dr. Pierson probably did more called "crises" which turn out very than any other one person to popu- ordinary, and there are situations care- larize missionary information and ap- lessly passed over by the Church peal. His books on "The Miracles which are real crises, bllt the world of Missions," his "New Acts of the conditions which were beginning cpostles," his missionary biographies when Dr. Pierson wrote this little such as of Muller and Johnson, and book, and the new missionary call his articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW which was presented to the Church, were read by multitudes who began did truly constitute a crisis, and this to see that missions was one of the trumpet blast helped as much as any 1110st interesting and fascinating of single influence to awaken the Church themes. The "New Acts of the Apos- to realize the significance of the new tles" was the Duff Missionary Lec- day. tures, delivered in Scotland in 1893.

A third great missionary service He and Dr. Gordon had gone through rendered by Dr. Pierson was his part Scotland together after the World in the creation of a new type of mis- -'.fissionary Conference in London in sionary apologetic. He was one of a I888, and had kindled missionary fires little group, of which no one accom- wherever they had gone. In conse- plished more than he, which producel quence, Dr. Pierson was called back a new sort of missionary literature. in 1893 for the Duff Lectures. Dr.

This new type laid as much empha- Andrew Thomson, one of the older sis as the old upon Scripture principles missionary authorities, wrote: and the general grounds of appeal, "The fourth and most recent Duff but it was marked by a tingle, a Lecturer was the Rev. Arthur T. Pier- warmth, a penetration, an imagination son, D.D., of Philadelphia, U. S. A., which were new, and it was filled whose name is pleasantly familiar to

the churches of Christ on both sides that memorable conference. But for of the Atlantic. The title of his lec- a generation Dr. Pierson had been tures, which form the contents of the preaching this idea. At Northfield, I present volume, is 'The New Acts of think, in 1887, he set forth a plan of the Apostles; or, The Marvels of world missionary actiVIty which in- Modern Missions,' and their design volved the united effort of the Church was to compare the Christian Church to compass her whole task, and such a in the nineteenth century with the plan, I believe, was printed as a sup- Church in the first century, especially plement in some editions of The Crisis in their missionary aspects, and to of Missions. To be sure, this was not bring out the features of resemblance a new idea with him. Alexander Duff and of contrast between them. They had cherished it, and no later missionwere addrest in the early months of ary leader was more zealous than 1893, to crowded audiences, not only Carey in planning for the occupation in Edinburgh and Glasgow, but in of the whole world, but it was deemed Aberdeen, Dundee, and St. -Andrew's, novel enough to be scouted by many and some individual lectures were also when Dr. Pierson renewed the prodelivered in other places, as in Ar- posal of an organized, cooperative efbroath. They were as new and fra- fort to occupy and evangelize the grant as the flowers of spring. His whole world. vigor and originality of thought, his extraordinary knowledge of all sub- In his eagerness to make missions jects connected with Christian mis- popular and to win for them the insions, his ingenuity and skill in the terest and support of the Church, he exposition of Scripture, and in extract- did not make the mistake of secularing from familiar texts new and unex- izing the missionary presentation, of pected stores of instruction, his inex- lowering the spiritual quality of the haustible command of anecdotes which missionary motive, of withdrawing the helped to enrich and enliven his ad- Cross. He put the missionary appeal dresses, his power of making external upon the highest spiritual plane, and nature pay tribute to spiritual instruc- no one ever heard him present the tion, as well as the flowing fervor of cause without being made aware of his appeals-made multitudes listen the sacrificial shadow that lay upon it. unwearied for hours in silence." It is interesting to note how free the foreign missionary appeal still is from Dr. Pierson early learned to view secondary and inferior elements. They the missionary task as the task of do creep in, and they have their legitthe whole Church. Much was said in imate place, but while some other Edinburgh and in the preparation for causes have become practically domithe Conference there of the opportu- nated by these considerations, foreign nity which the Conference was to pre- missions remain a spiritual enterprise, sent for the first time to the Church of resting upon spiritual arguments and viewing her undertaking as a whole- cleaving close still to the person and the whole Church facing her whole cross of Christ. It was no small task in the whole world. This concep- achievement of the Spirit of Christ to tion, tho it was only limitedly possible save so ardent an advocate as Dr. at Edinburgh, gave its greatness to Pierson from the perils of overpopu-

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larizing his cause, and of resting it friend, Doctor Pierson, were again in upon motives which have in them the the flesh, I am sure that he would have elements, at least, of self-interest, of a it so, and, indeed, he so exprest himracial or national glory. His cause self in his last days. was Christ's alone, and Christ's name and Christ's cross and Christ's glory One or two things are prominently were the only things to be thought in my mind when I look at the life and about or spoken of in its advocacy. character of Doctor Pierson. I have always been profoundly imprest by his Lastly, we may mention the tirelessness of his toil for missions and '/tt.-.~.Yt~ttf".MV~""- the intensity of his appeal. To him it was a great cause, and as the preser- ~A4-e.x.xXY/ll:;"– vation of the Union, the abolition of slavery, the maintenance of Sta~es' Jk-77~~~/~~4fflu:;…..-t­ rights or political loyalty had set men ~f'o/Mm.-;A–;~~.. ablaze and kept the fires glowing during the Civil War, so the great cam- ;..uw;~~(t.¢,a-dYlI.I'-'fjl·Wnt.k.tH' paign of a world's evangelization influenced him and made him restive and ,feager. It is hard to keep up such intensity in an agelong campaign, but 1i'uAW~~i1~e~~ he held that the age need not be as ~~~~;;~ long as lethargy and disobedience may ~IftHty~ make it, and that now is the appointed time, and not to-morrow. Therefore /P~~-.J~Ur~ he remembered his Lord's words: ~-;r"7~: ~udu, '~~ "We must work the works of Him c4/!.ffl.Vttr-..; ~~~: ki;ffflU-,. that sent us while it is day, before ~1(~1~~ the night cometh, when no man can work." May we also remember them! ~~~: '~JfyItMw, ;£"",.1.–.

As a Bible Student· ~~tm-V:~"-I11L.t; 4'""""

BY REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D., tffrf'vl f(~~,~ wtl…ry NEW YORK ~~~lN~~ A close personal friend in England and America A PAGE OF MANUSCRIPT When one of our Lord's choice servants goes home to glory it seems to From Dr. Pierson's last book, "Knowing the me that, to the spirits that look on the Scriptures," written with a crippled hand, scene with other eyes than ours, it is at seventy·three years of age. not a funeral but a wedding. If this be so, then the Lord of the wedding conception of Christ, and he always would designate as the suitable gar- laid hold of me and thrilled me ment, not a robe of mourning but the through and through when he was exgarment of praise. If our beloved pounding Paul. I liked him best when he took up the Epistle to the Ephe- * From an address at the funeral services. Sten- sians, and soared to high places in o~rapher's report, lIot corrected by Dr. Jowett. Christ Jesus. I liked to hear him, when, with all those rare powers of-his marvelous intellect, he delved deep and brought up new treasures of grace. Two years ago, when I was at Northfield, one night I attempted the almost impossible task of speaking of Saint Paul and the Church, and his

Epistle to the Thessalonians. Doctor in His wings. Doctor Pierson would Pierson's own wonderfully exercised proclaim Him as the ransom from sin. powers could take a slight hint from Everyone knows, too, what a pas- another man and use it. I remember sionate delight Doctor Pierson had in the way in which he spoke of the the vVord of God. I have seen young many years he had been trying to men, but never an old man, with such understand more and more the won- a passionate delight in the Word of derful God, Jesus Christ. The one God. He had as much interest and and foremost lesson of Doctor Pier- enthusiasm in searching out new texts son's life was that he could preach a as a young student, just beginning his Christ big enough to save the world. ministry. He would show the same de- He had a tremendous conception of light in finding out some new beauty Christ. The great aim and work of or truth in the Bible as an ardent our lives is the proclaiming of a Christ botanist would show in discovering before whom men shall be bowed in some new flower. We read in the first holy awe and reverence. The editor Psalm: "His leaf also shall not withof a very influential American news- er." If that means anything, it means paper has written me to say that his this: The leaf is a thing of the early whole life has been changed by a con- spring. The leaf is not to witherception of the Lord Jesus Christ. even when the fall comes. Surely our Doctor Pierson's spirit was alway.3 friend kept the leaf of hope, and the bowed in prayer and reverence before leaf of young surprize and enthusiasm our Lord. He had that vast concep- and the youth of an ever-unwithering tion of the Lord Jesus Christ that be- surprize in the promises and, word came the vast conception of the ampli- of his Lord. His knowledge of the tude of the Christian Gospel. Every 'Word of God was always enriched by one will remember the audacity with these new discoveries. He brought which he would proclaim the Gospel. forth fruit in old age. He would stand up, and with holy au- I wonder what his wonderful powdacity and without the flickering of a ers are doing now – those powers single doubt proclaim the efficacy of that have been so much exercised durthe Gospel for every need. He re- ing the past years. N ow, as Paul minded me of John Vlesley in the au- would say, his senses are exercised to dacity with which he would analyze discern. I wonder what new problem a sin or vice, and then, when you felt he is at work upon. I wonder what appalled by the dark horror of it, new glory the Lord has set him to seek would proclaim the Gospel of Christ out, and very reverently would I say as adequate for its removal. I have it, I am sure the Lord will say to him: seen him in England when he had "Vell done. Come hither, I have new bowed a great audience almost to ut- work for you to do." I wonder what ter despair, unveiling sin after sin, it is. I think he is so engaged, and I wickedness after wickedness, loath- am sure he is rejoicing in the newsomeness after loathsomeness in the found opportunities of the wor1cl of human heart, and then would bring in light and unfading glory. We leave the light of the dawn, as the Sun of him in that glory, at the throne of Righteousness would rise with healing grace, in the presence of His Lord.

i"' ………….,..~·….. _ ….. ~,_I,l~"l.~ …. ,. …. ·n

TWO PAGES FROM DR. PIERSON'S INTERLEAVED, WIDE·MARGIN BIBLE The right·hand This is one of a number of Bib1es that Dr. Pierson marked carefully in his daily Bible study. The left·hand page shows the interleaf with notes on 1 Cor. 1: 30 and 1 Cor. 12: 1.

page shows the method of marking the Bible, and marginal notes. It was very unusual, however, to find any ink blot on the page.

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At Northfield and Mount Hermon maturity of spiritual experience and BY WILLIAM R. MOODY a very immature youth.

A personal friend and coworker But when in 1899 the responsibil- The richest heritage for an individ- ities resulting from the passing of the ual or an institution is that of a founder of the work at Nortfield en, true friend. Into such a heritage the tailed duties and demands that were Northfield Schools and Conferences new, the friendship with Doctor Pier, entered upon the passing of the found- son became close, and ripened into an er, D. L. Moody, in the loyal friend- affectionate intimacy. To his wise ship of Dr. Arthur T. Pierson. From counsel on many occasions, as well as the beginning of the Northfield work to his sympathy and prayers, is to be he had been a sympathetic colaborer attributed much of the continued with D. L. Moody, and contributed by blessing upon the conferences and his ministry to the development of the schools.

work. In r886, when the first Stu- Of Doctor Pierson's ministry at the dent Conference was held at Mount conferences, both as Bible teacher, Hermon, Mr. Moody sought the as- spiritual guide and missionary zealot, sistance of Doctor Pierson, to whose thousands can testify. When in 1908 zeal for missionary labor was largely and 1909 he conducted the daily Bible due the interest then awakened in our class at the Auditorium, the attend- colleges in behalf of non-Christian ance was from the first the largest of lands. His far-sighted vision and stir- any day session. Nor was the inter, ring addresses were instrumental in est abated in any degree, but cantin, bringing about the formation of the ued throughout the two weeks of the Student Volunteer movement, which gathering. Nor will those who heard originated at that time. his missionary addresses ever forget For the next thirteen years Doctor the impression made upon them by his Pierson was closely associated with vast fund of missionary history and the leader of the several gatherings anecdote. And when he presented that convene each summer at North- some deep spiritual truth his memory field. To his stirring addresses on of Scripture and power in reasoning behalf of missions, to his enthusiasm never failed.

in Bible study, and to his appeals to But that of which comparatively individuals for deeper spiritual experi- few are familiar was his influence ence, many are to-day attributing a upon the students in the Northfield new view of life and a realization of schools. It might be thought that greater possibilities of Christian serv- with maturity of thought and experi, ice. ence he would have failed to impress But it has only been during the last young people. But such was not the twelve years that the writer can bear case. He possest that which is the personal testimony of what Doctor mark of greatest distinction in either Pierson has been to Northfield. Prior a teacher or preacher-he could inter, to that time his friendship was that of est the young.

a young man to his Father's friend, a To those of us who knew Doctor relationship characterized by a certain Pierson, it has seemed that his lec'

distant respect natural between great tures and informal chapel talks at the

Northfield schools represented his best friends who appreciated and loved work. There was a freedom that was him, it was a rare and priceless pleasborn of a mutual sympathy between ure to be admitted to the intimacies speaker and audience which was less of his home. Exhaustless funds of evident in some of the summer con- humor, repartee, incidents of travel ferences. Especially was this true at and reminiscences of men and things Mount Hermon, where Doctor Pier- were always at his disposal. Like son was loved by a warmth unusual fresh and sparkling fountains, you among boys for one so many years were continually coming on them. But their senior. the main interest was always religion. His favorite themes were always of In speaking of Doctor Pierson's God and the Bible, of some new light sympathy and loyalty it must not be that had illuminated a familiar text, inferred that he was blind to faults of or of some new phase of spiritual exhis associates. His conception of true perience which had been unfolded to friendship was far too high for that. him. Never a word of unkind and While he was straightforward in criti- malicious criticism; never a sentence cism and even reproof, it was ad- unworthy of the high dignity of an drest to the individual whom he felt ambassador of Christ. If there was was wrong, and did not become a sub- lightning, it was summer lightning, ject of gossip. This was a trait of and harmless. character which made for him friends among true and earnest men. He was Whether he had visited London bea faithful and loyal friend in every fore 1888 I am not sure, but in that respect. year his striking personality and mar- velous knowledge of the missionary In coming years Doctor Pierson's problems first arrested the attention presence will be missed at Northfield. and compelled the admiration of Brit- Without the helpfulness of his counsel ish Christians. From that time his and the inspiration of his ministry the position was secured, and he held it conferences and schools will be the with the growing loyalty and love of poorer. But the memory of what h~ all to the end. It was felt that of the was will be an inspiration to all who new missionary movement which was were privileged to know him and en- initiated, here was a worthy exponent joy his fellowship. and apostle. From all sides appeals were made for him to visit large cen- Ministry in Great Britain ters of population, or to give address- es and sermons in connection with all BY REV. F. B. MEYER. LONDON. sects and denominations. Questions Long a friend and coworker were not asked as to which branch of the Church he belonged; it was uni- My friendship with Doctor Pierson versally realized that he could not be began with my earliest association with classed and labeled as most men are. the Northfield Conferences in 1887. Here was a man sent from God! His deep spirituality. profound knowledge of Scripture, and enthusiasm for He did not remain in England, howmissionary enterprise were extraor- ever, at that time, as he had accepted dinarily attractive. and bound me to the honorable position of Duff Lechil11 'jth hands of .;teel. Vhen he I a- ~n good f'hy~ical health and amid

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turer for 1889, and was anxious to wealth for preachers and speakers on spend the previous months in prepar- missionary themes. Several months ing his material. One of the secrets were spent at that time in itinerating of his life was his method in classify- Great Britain. It was my pleasant lot ing the results and accumulations of to arrange a very extended program his careful studies. I heard him de- of visitation, which he fulfilled with liver a masterly lecture on this subject marked power and blessing. Everyto the students of Mr. Spurgeon's Col- where great audiences gathered, and THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE, LONDON Here Dr. Pierson was acting pastor during the illness and after the death of Rev. Charles Haddon Spurgeon, 1891·1893 lege, and tho it was not possible for his work among the ministers, at speeveryone to adopt his methods, it was cial meetings convened for them, was impossible not to realize how much his phenomenal. I have notes of his adfull and enriching speech owed to that dresses by me still, which indicated the lifelong habit of storing and arrange- deep spirituality and Scriptural inment. His house in Brooklyn was sight of his teaching at this time. Still crowded with books and manuscripts, in England one comes across individubut at any moment he could lay his als who confess their lifelong indebthand on the illustration or incident edness to the impressiom received durhe required. ing that tour. His work in Ireland and Wales was specially fruitful. Those lectures, which by request were delivered more than once, still During these years Mr. Spurgeon's further increased his fame. In their health was beginning to break, and as published form they had a wide cir- it became increasingly clear that he culation, and presented new mines of must take a prolonged rest, if he were

ever to resume his ministry, many day. I should imagine that at no time minds were turned to Doctor Pierson of his life was he more happy and sucas being preeminently qualified to fill cessful than at that season, except for the gap. Finally the summons came the growing sadness because of the to him, and at Mr. Spurgeon's per- tidings from Mentone. sonal request he came again to London, in October of 1891, to take the Throughout those dark and sad days temporary oversight of the Metropoli- Doctor Pierson was unremitting in ad- ministering consolation to the sorrow- stricken people, and when at last the sun set beneath the western wave, he stood out in all the tenderness of his heart's sympathy, as comforter and helper. His two sermons on the life and work of the departed pastor were as eloquent as they were discriminat- ing and appreciative, and he took part in the last great service of the day of interment. For some months after- ward he continued to fill the Taber- nacle pulpit.

Engagements at Northfield, United States of America, and elsewhere com- pelled him to return to his own coun- try in the summer of 1902, on the CHRIST CHURCH1 WESTMINSTER "BRIDGE ROADI LONDON understanaing that he would return to take up again his ministry at the Tab- Where Dr. Pierson was acting pastor in 1902·3 ernacle. This he did, and for a second , and 1907·8, during the absence of the period fulfilled the demands of that pastor, Rev. F. B. Meyer tan Tabernacle. From the outset his responsible position with conspicuous ministry there was a remarkable suc- ability.

cess. Sunday after Sunday the huge Later he most kindly and efficiently building was crowded morning and occupied the pulpit at Christ Church evening. His sermons commanded the for the five months of my mission to admiration of the highest intellects, India. He awakened the extraordi- while they were appreciated by the nary love and admiration of my peo- ordinary folk. They were used of ple. During that time large congre- God in building up believers and con- gations were maintained, and the great verting the unsaved and undecided. machinery of the church activities At that time I was minister at Christ gave evidence of quickened impulse.

Church, in the same part of London, At the meetings of the officers he pre- and we used to spend a good deal of sided with eminent tact and grace, and time together, especially on Monday the Monday Evening Prayer Meeting mornings, in which he used to recite was invested with new attractiveness.

with extraordinary interest the ser- Doctor Pierson was not only remark- mons and experiences of the preceding ably gifted as a preacher, he was also

TAPPAN

conspicuously fitted to exercise the grams and models, as well as by his pastoral office. words, he endeavored to convey his thoughts to his hearers. His great During these years he became in- stores of Biblical study and acquisicreasingly trusted and beloved of all tion were opened and their treasures sections of the Church of Christ in Great Britain, and was an habitual A t( GOOD STORY" speaker at the well-known interdenominational gatherings at Mildmay A snapshot of Dr. Pierson and a friend at the and Keswick. Several of his ad- laying of the corner·stone of the Spurgeon Pas· dresses on these occasions reached the tor's College in London. A picture showing Dr. high-water mark of sacred eloquence. Pierson's humor, and appreciaHon of -3 good story. One address, given at Mildmay, on the "Sterner Aspects of the Divine lavishly distributed. The silence was Nature and the Judgment Seat of only broken by the scribbling of pen- God," deserves to be preserved as a cils and pens and the rustle of the classic on that solemn theme. turned leaves of Bibles and note-books. These courses were specially valuable For several years he was one of the in view of recent attacks on the Bible. most popular speakers on the Keswick Doctor Pierson was an evangelical platform. He was trusted on more conservative, and had good reasons to than one occasion with the series of give for the truth that was in him. connected Bible-readings given on the And if the Bible is more than ever successive mornings of the conference strongly entrenched in the reverence in one of the tents, and always the of Sunday-school teachers, Christian vast tent would be crowded with hear- Endeavorers, ministers and lay workers, while a rim of three or four deep ers, in London and Great Britain, a would stand around in the outer circle. large proportion of so desirable a re- His addresses at the ministers' meet- sult must be attributed to the intelings, his sermons before and after the lectual equipment, the eloquent speedf' ~ conference, his personal charm and in- and the devoted heart of that rem:1rk,i,) fluence, constituted very real assets to able servant of God. the conference. It was hoped that he would be present there at the forthcoming meeting, when these notes will be issuing from the press.

For many, perhaps the most outstanding features of Doctor Pierson's work in Great Britain will always be those three series of Exeter Hall Bible Lectures. They were carried through under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian AssociaPion, and were eminently successful. The great hall was crowded week after week to its utmost capacity with the elite of the Christian youth of the metropolis. By carefully drawn dia-

The Word of God lest I should build upon another man's BY REV. JOHN F. CARSON, D.D. foundation. "

Scripture passages selected and read at the funeral "Let not your heart be troubled: ye services by a long time friend and believe in God, believe also in me. In associate "The law of the Lord is perfect, my Father's house are many manconverting the soul: the testimony of sions: if it were not so, I would have the Lord is sure, maki-ng wise the told you. I go to prepare a place for simple. The statutes of the Lord are you. And if I go and prepare a place right, rejoicing the heart: the com- for you, I will come again, and receive mandment of the Lord is pure, en- you unto myself; that where I am, lightening the eyes. The fear of the there ye may be also: and whither I Lord is clean, enduring forever: the go ye know, and the way ye know."

judgments of the Lord are true and "Vhat shall we then say to these righteous altogether. More to be de- things? If God be for us, who can be sired are they than gold-yea, than against us. He that spared not His much fine gold: sweeter also than own Son, but delivered Him up for honey and the honeycomb. Moreover, us all, how shall He not with Him by them is thy servant warned: and also freely give us all things? Who in keeping of them there is great re- shall lay anything to the charge of ward." God's elect? It is God that j ustifieth.

"With my lips have I declared all Who is he that condemneth? It is the judgments of thy mouth. I have Christ that died, yea rather, that is rejoiced in the way of thy testimonies, risen again, who is even at the right as much as in all riches. Open thou hand of God, who maketh interces- mine eyes, that I may behold won- sion for us. Who shall separate us drous things out of thy law. Thy from the love of Christ? Shall tribu- testimonies also are my delight and my lation, or distress, or persecution, or counsellors." famine, or nakedness, or peril, or "For I am not ashamed of the gos- sword? Nay, in all these things we pel of Christ: for it is the power of are more than conquerors through God unto salvation to everyone that Him that loved us. For I am per- believeth: to the Jew first, and also to suaded, that neither death, nor life, the Greek. But God forbid that I nor angels, nor principalities, nor should glory, save in the cross of our powers, nor things present, nor things Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world to come, nor height, nor depth, nor is crucified unto me, and I unto the any other creature, shall be able to world. That I should be the minister separate us from the love of God, of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, min- which is in Christ Jesus, our Lord."

istering the Gospel of God, that the "There is one glory of the sun, and offering up of the Gentiles might be another glory of the moon, and an- acceptable, being sanctified by the other glory of the stars; for one star Holy Ghost. I have, therefore, where- differeth from another star in glory.

of I may glory through Jesus Christ So also is the resurrection of the in those things which pertain to God. dead. It is sown in corruption; it is Yea, so have I strived to preach the raised in incorruption; it is sown in gospel, not where Christ was named, dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is

TAPPAN PIERSON 59

sown in weakness, it is raised in yielded her fruit every month; and the power; it is sown a natural body, it is leaves of the tree were for the healing raised a spiritual body. For this cor- of the nations. And there shall be no ruptible must put on incorruption, and more curse: but the throne of God this mortal must put on immprtality. and of the Lamb shall be in it; allJ So when this corruptible shall have His servants shall serve Him; and put on incorruption, and this mortal they shall see His face; and His shall have put on immortality, then name shaH be in their foreheads. And shall be brought to pass the saying there shall be no night there; and that is written, Death is swallowed up they need no candle; neither light of in victory. 0, death, where is thy the sun, for the Lord God giveth them sting? 0, grave, where is thy victory? light; and He shall reign for ever.' "

The sting of death is sin; and the This is the message to us to-day: strength of sin is the law. But thanks "Ye know, from the first day that be to God, which giveth us the victory I came unto you, after what manner through our Lord Jesus Christ. I have been with you at all seasons, Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye serving the Lord with all humility of stedfast, unmovable, always abound- mind, and with many tears and tempta- ing in the work of the Lord, foras- tions. But none of these things moved much as ye know that your labor is me, neither count I my life dear unto not in vain in the Lord." myself, so that I might finish my "And I saw a new heaven and a course with joy, and the ministry new earth; for the first heaven and which I received of the Lord Jesus, the first earth were passed away; and to testify the gospel of the grace of there was no more sea. And I, John, God. And now, behold! I know that saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, com- ye all, among whom I have gone ing down from God out of heaven, preaching the kingdom of God, shall prepared as a bride adorned for her see my face no more. Therefore, I husband. And I heard a great voice take you to record this day, that I out of heaven saying, 'Behold, the tab- hav not shunned to declare unto you ernacle of God is with men, and He all the counsel of God. Take heed, will dwell with them, and they shall therefore, unto yourselves, and to all be His people, and God Himself shall the fiock over which the Holy Ghost be with them, and be their God. And hath made you overseers, to feed the God shall wipe away all tears from church of God, which He hath pur- their eyes; and there shall be no more chased with His own blood. And now, death, neither sorrow, nor crying; brethren, I commend you to God, and neither shall there be any more pain; to the word of His grace, which is for the former things are passed away. able to build you up, and to give you And He showed me a pure river of an inheritance among all them who water of life, clear as crystal, pro- are sanctified. I have fought a good ceeding out of the throne of God and fight; I have finished my course; I of the Lamb. In the midst of the have kept the faith. Henceforth there street of it, and on either side of the is laid up for me a crown of right· river, was there the tree of life, which eousness, and not for me only, but for bare twelve manner of fruits, and all them also who love His appearing."

OF UNITED

MARCH 27, 1861, TO MARCH 27, 1911.

BY FRANCESCO ROSTAN, GENOA On the 27th of March, 1861, Count Turin, inaugurated personally by the Camillo Cavour, the well-known prime King, on the 29th of April, kept burnminister of King Victor Emanuel II. ing the sacred fire of patriotism, and and author of the formula "A Free was ever ready to receive the Italians Church in a Free State," proclaimed who were exiled by the petty rulers of Rome the capital of United Italy, the different states in which Italy was rousing a storm of applause from the then divided; another exhibition was members of the Subalpine Parliament opened in Florence, which, after Tuconvelled in Turin. It was a daring rin, was for several years the seat of act of faith, because the Eternal City the government; and one in Rome. was still in the power of the Pope, and Foreign nations have sent and are as Pius IX was unable to maintain sending numerous deputations to conorder in his states, Rome was garri- gratulate the Italian people. The first soned by French troops kept there by to come was the King of Bulgaria; Napoleon III. then came the Crown Prince of Ger- many, and then the King of Sweden. It was not until the 20th of Septem- The Duke·of Connaught was Great ber, of the year 1870, that the Italian Britain's envoy, and other deputations soldiers stormed Porta Pia, and came from Austria, France, Spain, through the breach, took possession of and Portugal. the city, and finally Rome, last, not least, was united to the Italian king- It would be an easy matter to show dom. that the loss of the temporal power has been a great boon for the Pope. His In order to commemorate the ju- government was a disgrace. Lord Palbilee of Italy as a nation, three exhibi- merston, being invited to take an intions have been set on foot: one in terest in the Kingdom of Naples, and an expenditure of 926,000,000. which was in danger of being over- Deficit, 480,000,000. And, let it be thrown by the revolution, as, in fact, said, that till the year 1870 things did it was, replied: "I don't take an in- not mend very much. From 1870 to terest in that kingdom, because that 1875 the Italian nation is advancing government, 'With the exception of the gradually, when, in 1875, the deficit government of the Pope, is the worst disappears, and in r88r, there are 53,- of Europe. It is, however, more pro- 000,000 on the right side of the ledlitable to write about the great prog- ger. This happy period was of short ress made by Italy during the last duration, and in the year 1889 there is fifty years. Let us apply the gospel the enormous deficit of 235,000,000. rule, and judge of the tree from its The lesson was hard, but it was not fruits; if the fruits are abundant and lost. It taught our people to moderate of excellent quality, it means that the the expenses, and from that year to tree is good, and that Italy was justi- the present day, not only has Italy not fied in going to Rome. Let me set increased her public debt, but we have forth the progress made in three di- yearly a surplus of over 70,000,000 rections: the economical, the educa- francs. England and Italy are the only tional, and the religious point of view. European nations without a deficit.

I. The progress made by Italy from In 1861, we had only I,714 miles an economical point of view during of railways; we have to-day 8,600 fifty years. All the figures are given miles, without counting the tram lines in francs, or lire, worth 20 cents. which run throughout the country. In 1866 our postal department had a The first unified budget is the bud- revenue of 3,500,000; in 1910 its revget of 1862, and it was called by one enue is 103,000,000, to which must be of our economists a terrible budget. added 32,000,000 from the telegraph Italy had an income of 446,000,000,

and the telephone. In 1861 we had schools. Up to two years ago the only [88.000,000 in our savings-banks. teachers in all our elementary schools were expected to teach the catechism On the 30th of June, 1910, between of the Church of Rome to all the chilthe deposits of the savings-banks and dren whose parents exprest that wish. of the post-office, we have in round Such was the theory; as a matter of numbers, 4,000,000,000. That im- fact, religious instruction was given to mense sum has been deposited by 7,- every child whose parents did not say 500,000 Italians; that means that one- anything to the contrary. fourth of the Italian population has set something apart for a rainy day. N ow the matter has been, leit to the decision of the municipal author- II. The progress made by Italy dur- ity. If the councilors are conservaing fifty years, from an educational tive, religious instruction is given to point of view. the children; if they are Socialists, no catechism is taught. We hope that In 1862, 15,000,000 were spent in the time will soon come when religious public instruction; now 102,000,000, instruction will not be imparted in our and we would spend more, if we were public schools. The priest, for the not always obliged to increase our ex- Church of Rome, the pastor, for the penses for the army and the navy. Protestant churches, the rabbi for the Much against our will, we must fol- Jews, are the proper persons to deal low the bad example set by the great with such delicate matters, not the European powers. teachers, who, so far as Italy is con- cerned, and generally speaking, are In 1861 there were 72 men and 84 unbelievers, and have never learned, women for every 100 inhabitants who when at college, what they are excould not read and write. Accord- pected to teach. This leads me by ing to the census of 190[, the men un- natural transition to speak about the able to read and write were only 52 third point. per cent., and the women 60 per cent., and we feel sure that the census which III. The progress made by Italy was taken on the 11th of June, 1911, during fifty years from a religious will show that illiteracy is decreasing point of view. year after year, and greater progress will be made when the elementary The progress has been great, and schools will be taken up by the state; fills our hearts with thankfulness. In instead of being managed by the mu- 1861 the Waldenses had only been in nicipalities, often without the means possession of religious toleration ;for to pay the meager stipend of the a period of twelve years. The Edict teachers. of . Emancipation granted by King Carlo Alberto bears the date of Feb- From what has been said, it is clear ruary 17, 1848. The first article runs that there is still room for improve- as follows: "The Roman Catholic ment, and Roman Catholic Italy is far Apostolic Church is the Church of the from occupying to-day the position State; other churches are to be tolerof the Protestant countries. It may ated." interest the readers of THE MISSION- ARY REVIEW to know how matters The Waldenses, let it be said h) their stand in Italy concerning the problem praise, undertook at once the tremenof religious instruction in the public

OF UNITED ITALY

THE NATIONAL MONUMENT TO VITTORIO EMANUELE II, ROME dous task of evangelizing Italy; but obliged to leave Genoa, because found small in numbers and without ade- distributing the Bible; his friend, Dr. quate means, the cities and villages Mazzinghi, was condemned to three occupied by the gospel heralds were years of prison for the same offense; few and confined to the north, in Pied- in Barletta, a minister was burned at . mont and in Ligury. The report of the stake. 1861 gives the names of seven preaching stations, namely, Turin, Alexan- In 191 I, what a change! The greatdria, Genoa, Nice, etc. The theologi- est religious liberty prevails throughcal seminary is still in Torre Pellice. out the breadth and length of the land. The name of Milan does not appear as Those who sin against it are, as a yet; Venice belongs still to Austria, rule, duly punished. King Victor Rome to the Pope. Waldenses are Emmanuel III, speaking from the tolerated, but toleration does not go Campidoglio, on the 27th of March, far with the Church of Rome. The said: "With Rome as her capital, late Professor Geymonat has been sent Italy represents the peaceful coexistto jail, and afterward expelled from ence of the churches with the state, Florence, because found reading to a and guarantees a full and fruitful few friends the fourteenth chapter of liberty to religion and to science. Mark St. John. Cavour himself is angry be- the plural, not the church, but the cause a colporteur has sold a New churches; note the word liberty, not Testament in San Remo. With great toleration. difficulties the '-IValdenses have obtained permission to construct the To-day, churches and preaching stabeautiful Temple of Turin, inaugu- tions are found everywhere in the rated on the 15th of December, 1853. Italian Peninsula and in the island of Packenham, an English admiral, was Sicily. There are several churches in Milan, Venice, Genoa, Florence, Rome, Naples, etc. Let me cull the

statistics from the report of the Com- and evangelists; but who, for various mittee of Evangelization of the Waldensian Church for 19IO: Pastors, reasons, do not formally unite with 48; evangelists, 15; teachers-evangelists, 8; school-teachers, 50; colporteur them. When we think of the enorevangelists, 8; colporteur and deposi- mous difficulties with which the evan- THE WALDEN SIAN CHURCH IN ROME gelical cfrhoumrchReosmhiasvhefahnaadtictoismcoonntetnhd~ tarians, 5; churches and stations, 120; arising communicants, 6,692; contributions, $29,872; admissions, 617; day schol- one hand, and materialism and irrears, 2,0.31; Sunday scholars, 3,621; night scholars, 364. In the district of ligion on the other, we can not but re- Sicily and Egypt there are 1 I regularly organized churches and 25 sta- gard as marvelous the progress which tions. The communicants number I,II2, and the day and Sunday schol- has been made among the warmars, 2,327. The church of Messina had 162 members, till the disastrous hearted Italians. The Waldensian earthquake of 1908 overwhelmed about three-fourths of them. Its evan- Church is not the only one which is gelical adherents were about 400. doing mission work in the Peninsula. All over Italy, connected with the churches and the stations, there is a Without mentioning several indepencertain number of persons whose entire sympathies are with the pastors dent agencies worthy of esteem, there are many branches of foreign churches at work in Italy. The writer of this article is not ready to say-and per- haps the article is too long already for American readers, who are always on the point of catching a train- what is the numerical strength of the sister churches. Let me, at least, men- tion them. There is the Methodist Episcopal Church from the United States of America, which has a strong position in Rome; the American and the English branches of the Baptist Church; in the North of Italy there is a sprinkling of Plymouth Brethren.

The Salvation Army has also made its appearance on the Italian shores. The work of the Salvationists is more dif- ficult in Italy than in Protestant coun- tries, because Romanists are not used to some of their ways, which seem strange; notwithstanding, they have done good, and in Milan they have a refuge called Villa Speranza, for fall- en women. We must not forget the work done by two societies-the Bible Society of Scotland, which, beside the Scriptures, allows its agents to circu- late other books; and the British and Foreign Bible Society. As many as 91,329 copies of the Scriptures, com-

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

plete or in parts, have been circulated politicians, as Cavour; to our thinkers, by the British and Foreign Bible So- as Mazzini; to our martyrs, who shed ciety throughout Italy during 1910; their blood for the freedom of our an increase of 14,814 copies on the land. The years are not far behind preceding year. In North, Central, us, when visitors, arriving in Papal and South Italy, and in Sicily and Rome, had to give up their Bibles and Sardinia, an average of 25 colporteurs liberal newspapers. Bible depots in have been employed in constant itine- the Eternal City were a dream; culration, offering to the Italians the tured foreigners had to worship with- Word of Life. The society's depot in out the walls; the penalty for distribu- Rome is not far from the Waldensian tion of Italian Scriptures was fine Or Church in Via Nazionale, and is op- imprisonment. The Italians need the posite the national monument of Vic- Gospel, as the air they breathe. They tor Emmanuel II, about to be unveiled are crowding the cities of the United in this year of jubilee. We forget, States, and may be a power for good perhaps, what we owe, under God, to or for evil. The gospel alone, but the our kings, as Victor Emmanuel II; gospel in its purity, will regenerate the to our generals, as Garibaldi; to our Italian people.

THE RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY BY MINNIE J. REYNOLDS It is generally conceded that no called Valdese, which supports its own home mission work among aliens is church and pastor. so successful and promising as that among the Italian immigrants. Amer- On the other hand, it is a curious icans generally do not understand how fact that the mere existence of Amerimuch of this is due to the existence ca is increasing the duties of the Walof the ancient, historic Waldensian densian Church in Italy faster than it Church in Italy. can find means to perform them. Ital- ians who have come under the influ- There are to-day 220 Italian Prot- ence of Protestant missions in this estant churches in the United States. country return to their native towns, In over 100 of them the first nucleus carrying with them American ideas as was a group of Italians who had been well as American dollars. These peo- Waldensians in Italy. Dr. Clot, who ple are continually getting together a was a Waldensian pastor for ten yeats little nucleus of evangelical converts in Palermo, found in America more and sending to the Waldensian church than one hundred former members of to come and organize a church and his church, twenty-five of them in place a pastor over them. This impe- Rochester, where he settled and organ- tus from without pushes the work ized a Waldensian church. The pas- faster than the Waldensians in Italy tor of the Italian Methodist Church in can support it. Boston was a member of Dr. Clot's old church in Palermo. In, South When the Bishop of Rome began to Carolina there is a Waldensian colony, assume that authority over the rest of the primitive churches which devel-

oped into the Papacy, certain little To understand why this is so one congregations in the north refused to must comprehend the religious situa- recognize that authority. Pretty sys- tion to-day in Italy. For long years tematically through the centuries, tho after the present government was es- at some periods more violently than at tablished interest in religion of any others, they were persecuted. Some form was dead in Italy. Not a review, fifty popes endeavored to subdue or not a periodical of any description, exterminate them. Crusades were ever published an article on any relig- preached against them and infants ious or church matter. Not a news- borne on the pikes of soldiers, and the paper referred to the subject, unless various other endearing features of compeIled to chronicle news matter.

medieval crusades enlivened their his- Discussion of such matters was never tory. It is one of the curiosities of heard; the whole subject was utterly history that they survived at all. But a ignored by the educated classes.

few always persisted, huddled among One reason for this was that the the Cottian Alps of Savoy. After the ablest minds in the country were ab- Reformation was established, Luther sorbed in the great, practical problems sent envoys to examine this tiny, an- connected with the founding of a new cient, primitive church. He found it government: the establishing of new practically an evangelical Protestant educational, industrial and political church, with a polity resembling that systems, the creation of a new country.

of the Presbyterian organization. This Next, the Papacy refused to recognize was the Valdensian Church, familiar the new government. This put Ital- to all Italians as the "Valdesi." Tra- ians in an extremely embarrassing and dition has it that it had its origin, as delicate position. They took their re- well as its growth, in persecution; ligion from the Vatican, their govern- that the Valdesi were originally a ment from the Quirinal. Italians met group of Christians of Rome, who fled the situation by ignoring it. Third, northward to escape the persecutions the medieval character of the Papacy of the Roman emperors. itself, which became increasingly ap- Even when crusades against them parent as education spread in the ceased, the day of the Valdesi had not country. The present writer has seen, yet come. In 1848 this Church, as old within three years, poor idiots and in- as the Church of Rome, had only fif- sane persons beaten with sticks before teen parishes in the world, all in Sa- a certain statue of the Madonna in a voy. To-day its churches are scat- Sicilian city to make them utter a cer- tered through the length and breadth tcrin formula, which, it was believed, of Italy, and in Egypt and Malta, Ar- would restore them to their senses. In gentina and the United States. It has the same city not long before a num- in Italy important schools, colleges, ber of sailors, in fulfilment of a vow and other institutions. And yet its made while in peril at sea, entered a growth has only just begun. For long church at the front door on their years after toleration was proclaimed hands and knees, and proceeded in in Italy it grew but slowly. To-day it that manner around the church, at is advancing by leaps and bounds. each step stooping and licking the floor The day of the Valdesi has come. with their tongues.

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY

It is not necessary to go into any al- self. Many of these men went with leged venality of the Roman Church him. The effect was more sensational or corruption of the priesthood. Fea- in Italy than it would have been in tures like those described, of which America had Robert Ingersoll retractpractical religion in Italy is full, were ed and accepted revealed religion. enough to disgust intelligent Italians. And yet, where were they to turn? Another influence has been that of Italy was the eldest child of the Arturo Graf, professor in the Univer- Church, the seat through all the cen- sity of Turin, and a writer of extreme turies of that Papacy which in its time popularity among the educated classes. gave law to Europe, and still controls He began to write constantly and very the consciences of a large portion of strongly on the necessity of some rethe civilized inhabitants of the world. ligion, on the belief that no nation They could not conceive belonging to could reach its full height, or even enany other Church. They simply ig- dure, without some faith; on the dannored the whole subject of religion, ger that intellectual Italy was cutting never spoke of it, never wrote of it, loose from all religious moorings whatwhile educated men lapsed silently into ever. His writings had great influ- French atheism. ence in calling the attention of intel- lectual and patriotic Italians to the Within a very few years all this is subject. changed. To-day one can scarcely pick up a scholarly review in Italy An event which broke through the without finding a long article on wall of icy silence and threw the some religious or ecclesiastical subject. whole subject into a furore of discus- The topic is on every lip and pen. sion was when Romolo Murri took his Italy is in the midst of a vast religious seat in Parliament wearing his priest's awakening, a great religious renais- robe. Since the foundation of the sance. Italy has had a renaissance Government the Pope had forbidden twice before-of art and culture in the faithful Catholics to vote or particisixteenth century, of liberty in the pate in national politics. When a priest nineteenth. Now it is of religion. defied the Vatican, was elected to Par- liament, and actually took his seat One reason for this new phase was wearing his priestly garb, the excite- Lombroso. This great scientist, whose ment was intense. Hundreds of colname has acquired international fame, urns were printed about it in the newswas a confirmed materialist, a posi- papers, with abundant illustrations. tivist. Through his researches into The whole subject of the Vatican's atpsychic phenomena he became con- titude was thrashed out in print and vinced that there is a realm in which speech. spiritual entities act independently of the body. He thereupon retracted his But perhaps the greatest influence former position, acknowledged the ex- in forcing the discussion of religious istence of a spirit world, and as a log- matters has been the growing power ical corollary the possibility of a life of the Socialist party, which first apafter death. He had a great follow- peared in Italy twenty years ago. To ing in Italy, including many scientists understand present-day conditions in as well known there as Lombroso him- Italy, American readers will have to approach the subject of socialism with

a perfectly open mind. Whatever so- CAsino (The Ass), published at cialism may be in the United States, Rome. The Ass, of course is the comin Italy it stands for eactly those mon people, who do not know enough things which we mean when we say to get their rights. L'A sino, which "Reform," "Progress," "Constructive now has a New York edition, fights civilization," and so on. In no way all religion and all churches, savagely, can I make this so plain to church peo- virulently, wittily, with a wealth of inple as to say that Italy, with her 1,900 formation and caricature. The intelliyears of Christianity, never had a Sun- gent young working man in Italy genday-dosing law until the Socialists erally has a copy of L'Asino stuffed in secured it in Parliament. his pocket. Combined with the serv- ices of the Socialist party to the plain The natural result was that the people, with the drift of educated men plain people began to say, "What! In toward French atheism, and the silent 1,900 years the Church could never indifference to all religion which has get us a weekly day of rest, and the prevailed so long in Italy, this gave Socialists, whom we first heard of room enough for Professor Graf's twenty years ago, have got it already!,' fear that Italy was going to lose all re- There never was a law against child ligion and become a churchless race, labor in Italy until the Socialists got with only a mass of degrading superit; never a law for the protection of stition among the illiterate masses at women in industry, for the compensa- the bottom. tion of working men injured while at work. These and other beneficent It is is these things which have measures for the common people have produced the religious renaissance been secured by the Socialists, and the which is now boiling in Italy. The result is that the intelligent young extent to which this awakening has working men have been swept by thou- penetrated into the Roman Church itsands into the Socialist party. Every- self can scarcely be comprehended by body who works for human rights, Americans; and since this is a theme human freedom and opportunity in which no secular magazine or news- Italy is called a Socialist, and usually paper in the United States will touch, he is one. there can be no more fitting place for it than a church periodical. The unfortunate thing about this, from the churchman's standpoint, is Romolo Murri, previously referred that the Socialist party in Italy viru- to, is a case in point. He was a very lently assails all religion. It is not intelligent and consecrated young strange. It knows no religion but the priest. Perceiving the good accom- Roman Church, and it knows this as plished for the people by the Socialist consistently and permanently on the party, he yearned to take the Church side of the dasses against the masses into this great movement, instead of -the policeman who is to keep the leaving the latter to the forces of irmasses in order for the benefit of those religion. He began to organize Cathowho exploit them. 'Vhenever the peo- lic Socialist leagues in the Church. ple get this thoroughly into their heads Ordered to desist by the Vatican, he about any church, that church is in hesitated a little, then went on with his dang-er. The Italian Socialist organ is organization. Suspended from orders,

RELIGIOUS RENAISSANCE IN ITALY 60r

he founded a paper of his own, was and compare and exercise their private elected to Parliament, and took his judgment like the Protestant clergy. seat with the extreme radical wing, Suddenly Modernism swept upon them clad in his priestly vestments. like a flood. The men of the Left were carried away by it. They reject The exodus of priests from the Ro- all revealed religion and the historical man Church is now continuous, tho Christ. They believe in nothing. small. The priests who leave it have no trade, no profession. It commonly But these men are perfectly content causes a break between them and every to retain their places in the great friend they have in the world. Some scheme of Roman organization, to say of these priests are to-day chauffeurs, mass and endorse the adoration of waiters, cab-drivers. The former chap- relics of whose falsity they are conlain of the hospital of Santo Spirito, vinced. In the Left it is a renaissance in Rome,· is to-day a chauffeur in that of intellect, but not of conscience. city. Another is breaking stones in They scoff at dogma, but retain the the streets of Genoa. So strangely system. does that power work through the centuries which compels men to "come The Right is made up of those who out," to leave ease and dignity for hold to the old dogma, the old prachardship and contempt, when their tises in everything; who are content higher nature is no longer satisfied and zealous Romanists, and see no with the life they are leading. need for change.

One must know the revolutionary The Center is made up of devout state of affairs existing in the Roman and earnest Catholics, who desire wide Church to understand this "coming and sweeping reforms in the Roman out." Not long ago a petition signed Church. They perceive that the by 25,00 Italian priests was presented Church of the twentieth century can to the Vatican, asking that priests be not retain the theory and practise of permitted to marry. That such a peti- the twelfth. Bishops Buonomeli of tion could be even thought of shows Cremona, and Scalabrini of Piacenza, the turbulent condition in the Church were leaders in this movement among itself. The Roman Church is to-day the high clergy. They were ordered divided into three parties, which are by the Pope to recant, and did so from called by the time-honored European the pUlpits in which they had preached terms to designate three parties: The reform. Fogazzaro, author of "The Left for the radicals, the Right for the Saint," is a leader of the laity in this conservatives, the Center for the Mod- movement, and there is a group of erates. intellectual young men of the nobility. Count Scotti, Marquis Alfieri, Count The Left in the Roman Church in Ce!ezia, Marquis Saragna and others, I taly to-day is composed of men who who are very earnest in this matter. have gone the extreme length of the higher criticism of the most extreme Reform is a word heard so often in German school. The higher criticism America that it almost loses its sigcame upon the Roman clergy sudden- nificance. We apply it to everything, ly. They have accepted dogma un- from spelling to trust regulation. It questioningly, unaccustomed to weigh is difficult for us to understand the life-and-death importance which de-

vout and intelligent Romanists in Italy ums were published in all the papers, attach to reform in the Church which discussing the matter with a plainness they reverence as the great, historic of speech incredible to one not famil- Church of the world. Such men real- iar with the press of Latin countries.

ize that a church which still permits One can not know Italian and Italy its devotees to lick the floor in pay- without hearing these shocking things ment of vows; which gathers great continually.

crowds to see the blood of a dead saint In September, I908, Pius X, speak- boil in public; which permits the ado- ing to the Venetian pilgrims visiting ration of relics which any intelligent him, discouraged the reading of "even person must consider spurious, can not Roman Catholic books and news- long stand the white light of the papers." "The less you read the bet- twentieth century. The twentieth cen- ter it will be for you," said he. This tury is questioning everything-the in one sentence expresses the attitude Bible, the Church, the school, the gov- of the Vatican. The Vatican meets ernment, even the home. There is the inrushing tide of modern thought not an institution so ancient or so by instructions not to read. The Ro- sacred that it is not obliged to make man Church "stands pat." It stands good its claims to the respect of the pat for a twelfth-century Christianity twentieth century. I have heard a in the twentieth century. Every man Sicilian engineer, choking with laugh- who desires reform is denounced as a ter, tell how his captain prayed fer- modernist or atheist. Monks are de- vently to a wooden image in a storm graded from the higher offices and set at sea, and when the storm continued, to scrubbing the monastery floors; seized the image and flung it into the priests find every avenue of prefer- sea, with the remark, "Since you are ment closed to them. And because of so found of water, go there and get a- this attitude, because the movement plenty." When even the skilled work- for reform is just as ineffectual as it ing men are jeering at "religion," and was in the days of Savonarola or Vit- subscribing to L'A sino, devout Italian toria Colonna, this slender stream of Romanists realize that the Church is priests is silently dropping out of the in deadly peril. "Center" day by day, and betaking it- This from the intellectual side. On self to the seats of chauffeurs or cab- the moral, one incident will suffice. drivers, or even the stones of the In 1907, while the present writer was street.

living in Italy, accounts were pub- When they drop out, if they still lished in all the Italian dailies of a want a church, they turn to the Wal- convent school in Milan attended by densians. It is their natural refuge.

young girls ranging down to ten years The Protestants sects are as foreign . and younger. When these little girls to Italians as the Waldensian Church went home for the vacation the par- is to us. Moreover, to the Italian ents of some of them found that they mind, trained in the shadow of the were afflicted with a disease which oldest and hugest of all the churches, can not be named. Investigation historical Protestantism has no stand- showed that the only men who had ac- ing at all. It is a thing of yesterday.

cess to the place were priests. Col- TheWaldensian is recognized as one

OF THE PLAGUE IN

branch of the Apostolic Church-an tant Church of America. The WaIevangelical development of that densian Church is back of it. It sends Church, as Rome was the ritualistic us better materials for citizens in the development. It is as ancient as Rome first place. Finding no Waldensian itself, and it is Italian. As the princes church here, Waldensian immigrants of Savoy came down to rule over turn naturally to the Protestants. United Italy, so this ancient little Some regular system should be dechurch of Savoy has come down from vised by which every Waldensian emiits Alpine fastness to spread over the grant from Italy should be given letpeninsula. It seems as if it had been ters on his departure to some fixt preserved almost miraculously from representative of the Protestant apostolic times until the day when Church on this side, by him to be di- Italy was ready for a native evangeli- rected to a suitable church home. And cal church. letters to the Waldensian Church in Italy should be given to returning It is necessary to understand this Protestant immigrants. The threads situation to understand the strange of this web that the ocean shuttle is receptivity to evangelical teachings weaving should be gathered up and found among the Italian immigrants added to the fabric of an Italian Protin America. A rich field, ripe for the estant citizenship in both hemispheres. harvest, lies waiting for the Protes- RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA BY REV. F. W. S. O'NEILL, M.A., FAKUMEN, MANCHURIA Late on a cold night last January, lation to non-Christians, and (3) nonin the office of the Plague Prevention Christians. Committee of Fakumen, while reports of deaths and hurried orders left little I-Chriatianl leisure for reflection, a voice was raised in prayer: "0 God, may the 1. From about December, 19IO, till people be led, as in the time of Jonah, April, 19II, mainly along the lines of to repent, that Thy chastening hand the railways and the roads leading to may be stayed, for hast Thou not sent the Great Wall, pneumonic plague carthis calamity because they would not ried off 46,000 Chinese of all ages and listen to the Gospel?" Such was the classes. An instance of its virulence, thought of the acting superintendent given Dr. Wu, the chairman of the International Plague Conference, * of plague work, Elder Shang. In shows the havoc wrought among a congregation of Christians. The what follows an attempt will be made French Catholic priest of Harbin, unto state some facts and to suggest a willing to allow any of his converts to few inferences regarding the recent be taken to the plague hospital, had visitation in Manchuria, as it affected them all removed to the mission com- (I) Christians, (2) Christians in re- pound. Daily services were held in the church. When the infection devel- * For the story of this Manchurian leader see oped, so rapid was the spread of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, January, 1907.

disease that in little over a month, out vaccine to Christians and their friends. of 300 converts 243 had succumbed, 3. Not only did the followers of the in addition to the priest himself and his assistants. In Hulan, near Har- Good Physician exhibit a spirit of bin, 32 Chinese Catholics died. On wisdom in the use of the blest means the other hand, very few Protestant of prevention, but still more did they Christians fell victims to the scourge. prove to be men and women of prayer. This result is, doubtless, in part due When in Fakumen it became neces- sary to hold the Sunday services in A DOCTOR, NURSE. AND ASSISTANTS IN A PLAGUE HOSPITAL to the fact that the instructions of the the open or elsewhere than in the mission doctors were adhered to, par- church, the members agreed to set ticularly in the suspension of large apart some time each day at noon in meetings at th e worst centers. their homes or shops for special prayer. This practise was also fol- 2. It is true that the senior Chinese lowed in other places. Several cures Protestant pastor denounced inocula- of minor ailments were reported as tion and other preventive measures as the result of supplication. a want of faith. This, however, is an almost solitary exception to the praise- In fine, our Christians once more worthy conduct of our Christians in stood a severe test of their intelligence general. Everywhere they showed and their faith. They have emerged their enlightenment by setting an ex- victorious. ample of obedience to the strict sanitary and isolation rules. Where vac- II-Christians in Relation to Noncine was available, they were readier Chriatians than others to apply for inoculation. Even after the outbreak had passed, 1. The missionaries remained at an enthusiastic missionary succeeded their posts and were among the first in administering 600 doses of plague to see the danger and to urge on the authorities the adoption of plans of prevention. In tbis way the handl1 of

OF THE PLAGUE IN MANCHURIA

the magistrates were strengthened in churia, it is probable that the plague their efforts to overcome the igno- would have got beyond control altorance and callousness of the "black~ gether." haired people." Naturally, the missionary doctors came to the front. By 2. Probably the deepest impression the side of the heathen official stood on heathen China was made, not by the expert Christian physician, whose the skill and efficiency of the Chrisweighty words, however, sometimes tion doctors, but by their voluntary fell on deaf ears. Dr. Gordon's knowl- braving of danger, even to the sacri- fice of life itself. Such devotion was Df,'. ASPLAND EXAMTNING A BATCH OF "CONTACTS" AT QUARANTINE edge of bacteriology and twenty years' not, indeed, confined to one nation or experience were unheeded by the ob- one creed. In the performance of structive Taoati of Changchun. In con- their duties three French priests laid sequence, the disease took a terrible down their lives. Civil doctors, Japahold of the city, and the Taoati was nese, Russian and French, perished at dismist. Dr. McKillop Young, of Hu- their posts. And yet it was the passlan, was sent for by the Prefect, who ing away on January 25th at Mukden, "showed the utmost eagerness to get after only two months' residence in measures started." Not to multiply the country, of the distinguished young instances, the following testimony may Doctor Jackson, of the Scottish Misbe quoted from the Peking and Tient- sion, that struck home to the hearts sin Times.. "The presence of Dr. of the people as nothing else did. In- Christie at Mukden at such a moment vited to take charge of the inspection of crisis has been of inestimable value and segregation of several hundreds to the Chinese Government, for with- of passengers at the railway station, out his organizing powers, his medical among whom plague had broken out, skill and his prestige throughout Man- he worked heroically for ten days,

when the temperature was so low that So again, in less remarkable ways, his hands were frost-bitten. On hear- the Christians rendered excellent serving the news of the doctor's death, the ice. The pastor of Chinchiatun evolved Viceroy of Manchuria, a strong-mind- a prescription of quinine and maged Confucianist, wept with loud cries. nesium sulfate. By the liberality of the members a large stock of this curi- ous remedy was provided and distrib- uted gratis to a crowd of applicants, effecting many notable cures.

As for particular endeavors to use the occasion for the propagation of the Truth, the premier congregation of Manchuria in East Mukden issued and scattered broadcast a very point- ed sheet tract, entitled "The Day of Repentance." But in the main, the circulation of literature was confined to plague-prevention rules, produced by various mission hospitals and presses, including, for example, 3,000 copies printed by the Weihsien Mis- sion Press in Shantung..

DR. STENH OUSE EXAMINING A SUSPECT JII-Non-Cbriatiana Immediately he sent a gift of $2,000 I. Turning to consider the intellect- (Mexican) to the Mission Hospital ual and moral effects of the late visitaand $10,000 (Mexican) to Dr. Jack- tion of Providence on the people as a son's widowed mother (who returned whole, one is first compelled to notice it to Mukden for the new Medical certain elements of evil. With the in- Mission College, of which her son was veterate suspicion of the ignorant Chito have been a teacher). Everything nese, the scourge was attributed to that the Viceroy could do to show his the machination of the diabolical forrespect and his sorrow was done. A eigners. In most cases the blame was profound impression was created on laid at the door of the Japanese, who the minds of all. were said to have hired Koreans to poison the wells. Toward the end of 3. Nor were the Christian Chinese the outbreak, when Doctor Gordon, of behindhand in self-sacrificing labor for the Irish Mission, was summoned their fellow men where opportunity home on account of the serious illness occurred. When it was difficult to of his son, the popular version of his obtain anyone to take charge of sudden disappearance was, that havthe Fakumen Plague Hospital, Elder ing discovered a sure remedy for the Shang volunteered to go himself. And plague, he became obnoxious to the there he lived throughout the epidemic, wicked Japanese, who succeeded in ready, if the call came, to give up his doing away with the good English life. doctor.

I I 1 RESULTS OF THE PLAGUE IN

Of a more serious nature was the and the hero of the International Conobstruction offered by the merchant ference, twenty-five plague corpses, class in some of the principal cities to which he dissected at the peril of his the rigorous isolation measures. The life. Doubtless one of the first results Viceroy was unable to prevent the of such a shattering of ancient preju- Mukden Chamber of Commerce from dice will be the spread of scientific setting up an amateur plague hospital truth in regard to the human body. for members of their own class, until The Medical Mission College, which their criminal folly had sent the daily is to be opened this year in Mukden, death-rate up from 30 to 60. is likely to receive enthusiastic support from high and low. 2. It is pleasanter to chronicle some A PILE OF PLAGUE VICTlMS IN COFFINS.. READY FOR BURNING indications of resulting good. Perhaps It was the humiliation of China's the chief lesson that China has been defeat by Japan in the war of 1894-95 taught is-humiliation. The ineffi- that first startled the multitude out of ciency of their primeval methods of their apathy and prepared the way for dealing with disease, the want of the great influx of the four following cleanliness and sanitation, their utter years into the Manchurian Church. inability to cope with the vast and Who shall say what will follow this sudden terror, compelled the Chinese last severe shock to the security of the to look abroad for help. Superstition nation's ignorance and pride? has received a deadly blow, in witness whereof may be mentioned the strik- 3. Of still weightier import, if also ing facts, (a) that cremation "was ac- less certainly permanent, is the imcepted by the people without com- provement in the relations between plaint or hindrance," and (b) that the Chinese and foreigners, united in face Government had the courage to grant of a common foe. The civilized world to Dr. Strong, the American delegate came forward, in sympathy at least, to share the terrible burden. Foremost

of all were the Japanese, the most sus- thanksgiving service was held in Fakupected and the most disliked. Let a men church. It was attended by the single illustration suffice. When plague officials, gentry and merchants of the appeared in Fakumen, the only avail- town, and was presided over by the able qualified physician, Dr. Morita, prefect. While from the pulpit the of the Public Hospital, was on leave chairman was exhorting the large aubeside his dying father's bedside in dience to expel the infection of evil Japan. The condition of things in the from their hearts, in a distant part of town was going from bad to worse. the town there was taking place the An urgent telegram brought the doc- theatrical performance, organized by tor back. Everything depended on the the Merchants' Gild, to render thanks action of this one man. By his cour- to the gods for the remission of the age and devotion he stamped out the plague. And yet, during the previous scourge and saved the town. week, the gods themselves had been removed from one of the principal lo- The International Plague Confer- cal temples and buried in a pit, in order ence, summoned by the Chinese Gov- to make way for required hospital acernment, with experts from eleven commodation. countries (of whom two were missionary doctors), was a conspicuous suc- After Doctor Jackson's death, at a cess, not solely along the line of scien- memorial service in the British Contific investigation, but also in the mat- sulate in Mukden, the Viceroy of Manter of mutual good-will. The more churia used in his speech these touchclearly China is permitted to take her ing words: "Doctor Jackson . . . place in the family of nations the with the heart of the Savior, who gave more surely will Christianity receive His life to deliver the world, respondfair play, neither hindered by the op- ed nobly when we asked him to help position of those in authority nor fa- our country in its need…. Noble vored by the miscreants who wish Spirit, who sacrificed your life for us, to employ against that authority the help us still and look down in kindness power of an alien church. upon us all." Can such a wistful prayer, joined with the urgent en- 4. Regarding distinct signs of other treaties of God's children on behalf of than merely intellectual repentance, it Manchuria, be offered up in vain? is obviously premature to speak. A OUR BROTHER MAN 0, brother man, fold to thy heart thy brother. Where pity dwells, the peace of God is there.

To worship rightly is to love each other; Each smile a hymn, each kindly deed a prayer.

Follow with reverent steps the great example Of Him whose whole work was doing good.

So shall the wide earth seem our Father's temple; Each loving life a psalm of gratitude. -Whittier.

INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION

SPRINGS, NEW YORK, 1911 REPORTED BY REV. W. H. BATSTON1, M.D., BELLEVILLE, CANADA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, India The International Missionary Union, . . The cause of foreign missions is not, which now numbers nearly I,400 members, representing most of the and can not, be a lost cause. missionary societies of the United States and Canada, met at Clifton … Springs, N. Y., May 3I to June 6, Not only America for the world's sake, with 105 members present. but the world for America's sake.

The general topic for consideration '" '" * at this conference was "The Decisive Hour of Christian Missions," and the Every age has its focal thought. The present critical conditions of the prin- focal thought of the middle ages was seen cipal mission fields of the world were in the Crusades; that of the seventeenth discust by missionaries and missionary century was Reformation; of the eightofficers. eenth century, revival; and of this cell- tury it is missions. In the memorial service the names of eighteen missionaries were record- '" • * ed as having died during the year, among them the Rev. John H. De Nothing has served to stem the flood Forest, of Japan; Dr. Clara Swain, the first woman medical missionary to . of worldliness at home so much as the the Orient; and Dr. Humphrey, of India. Twenty-eight of the mission·· cause of foreign missions. aries present are to return to the mission field within a few months, and the … … farewell meeting to these was of a most thrilling character. This "camp- Let one fail in trying to do something fire council of the world" was the rather than fail by sitting still and doing "high-tide" conference of recent years. nothing. Nuggets from Conference Addressea >I< >I< >I< Can ye not discern the signs of the times? This is the decisive hour of The church needs a vision of the world Christian missions. and of Christ. ••• >I< >I< • There are four threads in the loom of God: The doors of the world are open at 1. The discovery of the whole world. the costs of great sacrifices, of prayers, 2. The recovery of the whole Gospel. 3. The uncovering of the secrets of na- tears, labors, and gifts. Let us enter ture. 4. The enlistment of the whole church. them! * • >I< ••• . . Ve have magI'ificent armories, and Sometimes the problems of the world weapons, but often lack the war spirit. make us forget that God is omnipotent. … ••• The price of shining is burning. The great missionary movement is God's, and we are only part of it. >I< >I< * Thank God, men are beginning to think in the terms of Jesus Christ-in terms of the world.

>I< • • The joy and privilege of being lights in heathen darkness outweighs the incon- veniences, persecutions, and deadweights of heathenism.

>I< • • The English language and literature are great factors in the evangelization of the non-Christian world.

••* There may be a yellow peril if China and Japan are not Christianized-what they need most is the spirit and heart of Christianity.

India is the hardest miSSIOn field, and Korea Africa is the most unhealthy. Of the 11,000,000 Koreans, 300,000 are already Christians. Thirty thousa*nd *und*ergraduates and *** 200,000 other young people in the United The Korean Christians are distin- States and Canada last year systematic- guished for their ally studied books on foreign missions. 1. Love of the Bible. *** 2. Prayer life in church and home. 3. Activity as Christian workers. Students in 800 higher institutions of 4. Remarkable generosity. learning in the United States and Canada gave $100,000 for foreign missions. •** Some so-called* Ch*ristia*n giving is often Many Koreans went without one meal a day to send famine relief to India and of the nature of a gratuity-a tip-to China.

God. ••• *** If any man will follow me, let him deny Koreans having lost their earthly coun- try, are now seeking the heavenly. himself. There's not one law for the *** poor and another for the rich. Every Korean convert must bring an- •*• other before he is received into full mem- bership. Are we never to do anything for Jesus * * * There has been an average of one conbut the things that we enjoy doing. version every hour, since the first mis- **• sionary went to Korea.

The problem of missions is not on the Twenty-two t*hous*and*Koreans joined mission field, but in the church at home. the Pocket New Testament League last year. *•• *** Missionary work means conquest, sac- The Bible in Korea is a living book. rifice, suffering and victory. People have traveled 100 miles on foot in order to study its truths. *•• For every d*ay *sinc*e a missionary Often converts are called upon to endure greater sacrifices than the mission- landed in Korea, 26 years ago, a Chris- tian church has been organized. ary. *** *•* Last year 24,724 Korean Methodists Fellowship with Christ thrusts us forth gave over $37,000. to service. * Some Christian Ko*rea*ns not only tithe ••* their money, but also their time. The lonelier you are in Christian work, •*• the nearer you are to Christ, who trod In one Bible class of twelve women this world alone. they gave 170 months of their time in Christian service in one year. In Wang- ••• hai (Yellow Sea) Province, 160 men and women gave sixteen years. There's not a missionary who doesn't One church of 300 people gave 4,000 crave the prayers of God's people. days. The total contribution of time in one season equaled the preaching of Multiplicity o•f o*rgan*ization can not one man for 300 years.

take the place of the vital touch with * * * A missionary said, "1 had to go to Jesus Christ. Korea to learn how to pray." *** The missionaries present at the 1. M. U. Convention at Clifton Springs, June, 1911, represented 3,200 years of missionary service. Six ladies present gave 202 years of service.

There are 700•,000*squ•are miles of un- discovered territory in Arabia.

Often Korean workers, when hurriedly Of the 65,000 Christians in Burma only passing through a village with no time 4,000 are Burmese proper. to preach, will step into the church and pray. A Burman w•ants* his* head converted China before his heart. In 1877 an edict was published absolutely prohibiting woman's work in in- *•* land China; now the whole country is open. A missionary recently had to explain to a lady that Burma and Bermuda were * The ice and* snow *of superstition, not the same.

bigotry, and pride of thirty centuries in Japan China is fast passing away, and to-day The Japanese are wonderfully loyal to is the decisive hour. their emperor and country, and, as Chris- tians, are loyal to Christ. China has new* ed*ucati*onal, postal, and *•• currency systems, and is about to establish national and provincial assemblies. Formerly the merchant class in Japan was looked down upon. Now commer- * * * In Hunan province, women as well as cialism reigns supreme .

men know how to read and write. Leaders of th•oug*ht i*n Japan are in- In many part*s of* Ch*ina converts are clined to regard Christianity as the re- ligion that best meets their need. required to read and write before they are baptized. The Japanese *educ*atio*nal system tends * * When Gofort*h and his commpanions to cramming, is secularizing, and teaches cold morality. were trying to enter Hunan province, Hudson Taylor said, "If they ever do it, Tokyo is the *grea*test *educational cenit must be on their knees." They did it. ',er in the world. * * * As a result of an operation on a boy Female educa*ticn*in *Japan is wholly patient in one of the Chinese mission hospitals, ninety people of his village be- the result of Christianity. came inquirers. *•* The cigaret ha*s fo*und*its way all over Christianity has set up in Japan a new China. Shall we be behind with the Gos- ideal of character, and its influence is pel? permeating all government institutions of learning. India and Burma One of the encouraging signs in India **• is the formation of national missionary societies. Large numbers of Christians in Japan have positions of trust in business, banks, * * * For centuries thousands of little Hindu and the Government.

girls have been married to the gods, thus The Christian Church in Japan is combecoming temple girls, which meant a ing to the front, and the preacher who life of shame. can testify that Christ has changed char- acter gets the largest audiences. Within the last few years the Government of Bombay and the Maharaja of Turkey Mysore have forbidden the dedication of The Committee of Union and Progress minors to this service. of the Young Turk party (so called) is made up of educated Turks, Albanians, * India has been*called t*he burning heart Armenians, Bulgarians, Servians, Greeks of Asia. and others. * • • * * * Four-fifths of the population of Burma Before the Revolution of 1908 there was no freedom of speech, of the press, is Burmese, and the remainder are of assembly, or travel. Karens and other tribes. The Mohamm•edan• co*nception of God lacks the love side.

Turkish women allowed themselves to baking-powder tins, and these they use be sold from harem to harem in order as pockets. The natives' garb provide no to spread the cause of freedom. pockets.

>I< ,.. ,.. Latin Countries Last May, Christian Sunday-school In Porto Rico the decisive hour of children marched through the streets of missions is seen in the tendency of the Constantinople singing, "Onward Chris- upper classes toward evangelical Christian Soldiers." tianity.

* * * Freedom of conscience is not fully at- *** tained in Turkey, in consideration of the Mexico needs our prayers; drunkenolder school of Mohammedans. ness and vice is appalling.

,.. * ,.. * * ..

In Mohammedan lands the death pen- The doors in South America are open, alty can be lega1Jy pronounced on all but not off their hinges. Mohammedans becoming Christian, altho it is not always carried out. *** * * One of the res*ults of Christian missions In Venezuela there is a law against the increase of the number of clergymen. in Mohammedan lands is that, consciously or unconsciously, the students in our *** schools are beginning to view life from the angle of Christ. In Ecuador and Bolivia, prejudice must be overcome by schools and colleges. Bulgaria There are 1,500,000 Bulgarians in *** Macedonia. Bulgaria was 500 years under Turkish In Peru, al1 persons entering Protesrule. tant meeting places-even bishops-must For the last thousand years the Greek possess tickets of admission. Church remained practically unchanged. Recently the Greek Church and the *** Government in Bulgaria undertook to give the Bible to the people, and the The population of South America is first edition of 50,000 were rapidly sold. 40,000,000.

Africa *** The people of Africa are not a1l ne- Dr. Robert Speer is reported as saying groes; there are millions of Arabs, Copts, that after six months in South America, Berbers and Moors. he never saw greater darkness excepting in Central Africa, and that he went into ,.. * * seventy of the largest cathedrals in South America, and after diligent inquiry found There are 3,000 British settlers in only one Bible, and that a Protestant British East Africa. Bible about to be burned. If the Bible is not in their chUl;-ches, how much less *** in their homes?

Hyenas are the walking graveyards of *** Africa. When a man dies, his body is Henry Martyn, when in South America, prayed, "0, God! when wilt thou bring taken back into the bush and left there. the true cross to this land in the place of the crucifix?" ,. * * *** When eleven men, women, and chil- There is a world-wide protest against dren, and seventeen goats live together the Roman Catholic Church in France, Italy, Portugal and Spain; while in every in a hut fifteen feet square, it is difficult South American country they say Ro- manism is not to be the state religion. for the flowers of love and tenderness *** to flourish. * ,. * In recent years, 1,364 priests have left Sometimes the native women in Africa the Church of Rome in France.

pierce their ears and enlarge the hole until they can insert empty one-pound

FROM GERMAN

BY LOUIS MEYER The German East Africa Mission- two Mohammedans also have asked ary Society celebrated its twenty-fifth for Christian instruction and baptism. anniversary in the spring of this year. Thus the Lord sends special encour- Founded at a time when Germany had agement to the German East Africa acquired its first colonies, and when Society at the close of the first quarter public opinion was very much divided of a century of faithful work in dark concerning the wisdom and advantage Africa. of the acquisition, its first years were The Leipsic Missionary Society will filled with great difficulties, and much be able to look back upon 75 years of faith was required of those in charge blest work for the Master on August of the work. Its first work was at 17, 191I. Its chief field of labor is in Dar-es-Salaam, the most important southern India, which is considered a city of German East Africa, but most difficult field, tho entered al- Usambara was entered in 1891, and ready more than two hundred years a blest work among the heathen ago by the missionaries of the Halle- Shambalas was commenced. Many of Danish Society: When this work was these heathen have been converted and taken over by the Leipsic Society in baptized, and throughout the country 1837, there were but 1,400 native a weakening and breaking up of hea- Christians in the two stations, Tranke- then superstition is apparent, tho the bar and Porciar, and only 300 scholars majority of the people still remains in the missionary schools. In 1861 heathen. Lately, alas, Mohammedan- there were nine stations, 4,800 Chris- ism has entered the country, and it has tians, 1,000 pupils, and nine European quickly become powerful and threaten- missionaries, and two native evangel- ing. It is true that the great mass of ists; in 1886 there were 21 stations, the Shambalas still decline to accept 13,700 Christians, 3,300 pupils, and 25 the tenets of Islam, chiefly perhaps be- European missionaries, and 4 native cause they forbid the eating of the evangelists; in 191 I there are 40 staflesh of fallen animals, but the chiefs tions, 21,900 Christians, 11,700 pupils, and the traders are in favor of Islam. and 54 European missionaries, and 28 The missionaries in general declare native evangelists. Truly, a wonderthat Mohammedanism is a more ful growth. dangerous enemy than heathenism. The Rhenish Missionary SocieWre'-" Among the adherents of the latter only ports that the total number of native the medicine men, or waganga, are Christians in its extensive spheres of open enemies of Christianity, which activity was 158,621 on January I, threatens their profitable business, but 19II, so that the year 1910 brought every true Mohammedan holds every a net increase of 13,6g2. The work in Christian in contempt, and contempt Sumatra brought richest fruit, viz., is a dangerous weapon among these 7,421 baptisms of heathen (3,600 in people. Many a man among the 1909), so that the Christians there Shambalas joins the forces of Moham- number I03,528 now. The missionmedanism rather than be considered aries among the Hereros were enabled with contempt, and thus Islam spreads to baptize 1,610 heathen (736 in 1909), rapidly. The German East Africa and thus the number of native Chris- Society has at present seven stations tians were increased to 12,666. Since in Usambara, and five stations in Ru- the number of inquirers under Chrisanda, which is located west from Lake tian instruction, preparatory to bap- Victoria Nyassa and was entered only tism, was 19,642, (13,199 at the close a few years ago. In Ruanda, often of 1909), it is quite certain that the called the country of the giants and number of native Christians will conthe dwarfs, the first heathen have tinue to increase. The inquirers numapplied for baptism, 12 in Kirinda, bered I1,240 in Sumatra, and 3,~Jn and 'I in Dliinga. In the latter station Hereroland at the close of 1910, while

Nias, where the harvest of souls is so that the number of baptized native~ just commencing, reported 3,756 ear- increased to 62,972, of whom 33,683 nest inquirers at the close of 1910. were communicants. In 424 schools of The missionary force of the Rhenish all descriptions, 15,925 boys and girls Society consisted of 203 European received Christian instruction during workers, of 1,010 paid native helpers, 1910. The income of the society was and of 1,927 voluntary helpers (with- about $315,000, from all sources in out pay). 1910.

The Berlin Missionary Society held The Gossner Missionary Society, its annual meeting on June 14. Its which is 75 years old now, held its seventy-eighth annual report tells a annual meeting on June I I. It was story of great blessings and of con- able to close 1910 without a new detinued progress. In German East Af- ficit, its total income being almost rica the number of baptized heathen is $120,000, but the old deficit of more ten times larger to-day than ten years than $30,000 is rather burdensome. Its ago (1901, 328; 19If, 3808), while chief work is among the heathen Kols, the number of native Christians in all whose land the first Gossner missionits fields has increased to 62,972 at aries entered in 1845. Through the the close of 1910 (36,690 in 1898). blessing of God about 71,000 Kols The deficit with which the year closed have already become Christians, while was very small, tho there had been the missionaries have great difficulties great fear of a large one. In South to prepare the enquirers, who number Africa Ethiopism is growing less about 18,000 at present. Upon its strong, and the work of preparation other field in India, along the Ganges, for a native church is progressing. In the missionaries are also beginning to German East Africa the cause of reap the harvest after years of dis- Christ is advancing under the faithful couraging and seemingly vain labor. work of the Berlin missionaries, but the battIe with Islam is growing The Breklum Missionary Society, stronger, as in the sphere of activity which has most successful work in of the East Africa Society. The dan- India, has decided to extend its activger threatening from Islam has caused ity and enter upon the preaching of the planning of a conference of all the Gospel in some needy part of Dark- .~mlln and English missionary so- est Africa, probably East Africa. cieties working- in German East Africa. It will be held in the fall un- The North German Missionary Soder the leadership of Superintendent ciety, in Bremen, celebrated its seven- Klamroth of the Berlin Society. The friends and supporters of the society ty-fifth anniversary on Jnne II and 12. also have recognized the seriousness of the progress of Islam in German Among the guests were representa- East Africa, and have already fur- tives of the German Colonial Office nished the necessary means for the and of the Governments of the Ransa opening (or, perhaps better, reopen- Cities (Bremen, Hamburg, and Liiing), of the Station Pommern in the beck), which fact proved that official Muhanga country, while means are Germany is rapidly awakening to the promised for another station, Schlesi- importance of missionary effort in its en. in the threatened district. colonies, for the chief work of the North German Society is within Ger- The Berlin Missionary Society had, man West Africa. Of its 8 stations, on January I, 1911, 86 stations, 463 6 are in Togoland and two in the out-stations, 70~ preaching places, Il7 British Gold Coast Colony, while of ordained and 1.1 lay European mission- the 153 outstations, 134 are in the aries, 180 other European laborers German colony. The number of bap- (teachers, deaconesses, etc.), 1,138 na- tisms was 1,244 in 1910, so that a tive helpers (25 ordained). The num- higher number of natives was added to the church than in any previous ber of baptisms of adults was 1,825, year. In speaking of these baptisms, 1 it IS well to remember that the total number of natives baptized during the

DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE 61

first fifty-five years of missionary ac- wiped out the old large deficit, so that it entered the last quarter of its first tivity was only one thousand. The century entirely free of debt. Another number of native Christians in Togo- jubilee gift is the revision of the whole land has increased to 5,652, in the Gold Bible in the Ehve language, just com- Coast Colony to 2,622. In the 164 mis- pleted and immediately to be printed. sionary schools, 5,895 pupils were under Christian instruction during the The work of German Missionary Societies is in a most prosperous conpast year (5,639 in 1909). The so- dition, and the interest of German ciety closed the current year without Christians in the evangelization of the a new deficit, and was able to report world is steadily increasing. that its friends and supporters had DOUBT AND RELIGION IN FRANCE* BY PROFESSOR JEAN C. BRACQ The stern fact is that the French evolution. The editor of that interest- ing symposium wisely says it is undenation is moving away from its re- niable that religious studies have taken of late years an extraordinary developligious moorings. The priest has been ment; never, perhaps, since the Refor- mation has there been such a display deprived of his former non-religious of curiosity for all that concerns re- ligion, such labors of erudition, of powers. . . . No more can he criticism, and of propaganda. . . .

molest the non-Catholic pupil or terro- The College de France has had for many years an admirable course of rize the lukewarm Catholic professor, highly important scientific studies on even the doubting one, by the pros- religions. Professor Reville, long the incumbent of this chair, was a radical pect of dismissal. . The recent unitarian, but a most candid and able scholar, ever insisting upon the tranpolitical defeats of clerical candidates scendent importance of religion. Pro- fessor Loisy, recently elected to the show that the clergy have lost their same chair, is animated with a kin- dred spirit. The Practical School of former hold, and that the causes which High Studies, in the Sorbonne, has a score of courses by specialists devoted they endorse are decidedly unpopular. to the religions of the great people of the world, while the Sorbonne itself As Comte G. d'Avenel, a distinguished has now three chairs studying differ- eut periods in the history of Christian- French Catholic, puts its: Catholicism ity.

"has lost its material domination, the secular arm. It no longer leads the State, and has no longer any place· in the State. It has lost the masses. Its temples in a thousand places are de- serted." . . . Anti-clericalism is often synonymous with anti-religion.

Socialism, long and bitterly antago- nized by the priests, has become a unit against them. . . .

The churchless are, however, far from indifferent to religious problems, and any able religious speaker will find 1 he feeling grows that religion has hearers outside of the church more been one of the most fundamental deeasily than in America. In the early terminants of the character of various part of 1907 the Mercure de France civilizations. . . . There was never, organized an extensive inquiry, ask- during the preceding regime, such an ing eminent men "whether we are wit- intellectual zest for the problems of renessing a dissolution or an evolution of ligion. The philosophers have given -and are still giving-a large place religious thought?" The overwhelm- to this subject. They admit more and ing majority of French contributors more the importance of religious· feel- ings in the evolution of society and in decided for the second alternative, that we are in the presence of a religious • ExtracIS frolll Chapter JX of Professor Bracq's "France Under the RepubliCo"

comparative psychology, as well as the introducing into their work modern bearing of those feelings upon the va- critical and scientific methods, but with rious aspects of metaphysics. The ma- only a very moderate success. . • .

jority of them are ready to concede the But whatever be the system of train- practical value of the idea of God in ing, Catholic clergymen show a great- ethics as well as the great action of er readiness to break away from the religious forces upon sociological phe- Church, and several hundred priests nomena. In the philosophical teach- have left it during the last third of a ings of the secondary schools there is century. Through the increase of in- a general insistence upon the existence tellectual honesty, the influence of of God and the immortality of the military service and the loss of political soul. "Atheism," says M. power by the clergy, there has been a Georges Lyon, "is exceptional in the wholesome elimination of the former French philosophical world." This doubtful and mercenary elements of opinion of the distinguished rector of the priesthood. Never was there a the Academy of Lille has been again more active and aggressive spirit and again endorsed before the writer among young priests, and never have by other prominent speCUlative think- the French clergy allied to a greater ers. degree culture with devotion and life The introduction of philosophy into with doctrine.

the domain of religion upon a new One may say of the clergy, both scale is visible in the works of the secular and regular, that they have best Catholic and Protestant writers, grown in intensity and earnestness in the theses of Protestant students where they are dominant, in intelli- and in the better class of sermons. gence and moral power where they While the cleavage which has taken have been in touch with the philo- place in the world of beliefs has ar- sophical and scientific life. Politically rayed on the one side many who have and socially they move in a narrower become unreligious and atheistic, a range, but their real lasting spiritual corresponding movement has taken infhlence is greater.

place on the other toward a most Huguenot history renders to the positive faith. Atheists have become Christian Church and to historical deists, deists have accepted a broad science a great service in being a com- theism, and the philosophical theists f.·lete refutatlOn of the historic theory became for a time nea-Christians, the of races as the ultimate determinants neo-Christians liberal Catholics, and of religion. The study of the rise and some liberal Catholics have become ul- development of French Protestantism tramontane. Among those who have shows us how untenable is the asser- gravitated. toward belief there has tion that Germanic nations are Prot- been a tendency to give, at every angle estant and that the Celtic are Catho- of the religious prism, a larger place lic. . . .

to the mystical spirit without surren- The formula which represents the dering their philosophical ideals. . . . history of French Protestants during At the same time the spiritual auto- the last hundred years is the expansion cracy of the Vatican is as absolute as of life. This expansion has been mani- ever. The Gallican liberties, episcopal fested in the making of a new Protes- diglllty, and the independence of theo- tant ministry, in the development of a logical research are things of the past. Protestant literature, in their large and Some bishops-not those appointed varied philanthropies, in their mis- since the Separation-have endeav- sions, home as well as foreign, in "the ored to modernize the education of men whom Protestantism has jJro- their clergy, and have advocated the d,uced"-a truly remarkable list..:-in study of science as a help to faith. In "the high place in the world of some ways the Catholic universities of thought" caken by their ablest men, in Paris and Lille have done nobly in their self-organizing power.

EDITORIALS

OUR MEMORIAL NUMBER fund to found a lectureship or some "God buries His workmen, but carries on other fitting memorial to recognize His work." Doctor Pierson's life service. It was, This number of THE MISSIONARY however, very much against his wish REVIEW is largely devoted to a review and the wish of his family that any of the life and work of the late Editor- personal appeals should be made, so in-Chief. The purpose is not to glori- that the plan was not pushed to a suc- fy the man, no matter how praise- cessful conclusion. Some money was worthy may have been his character generously contributed, and was and his work; the motive in the prep- placed by the donors at Doctor Pier- aration of these brief tributes has been son's disposal, to use in any way he to glorify the Master as the One who saw fit. As he was about to start on called. his world missionary tour it seemed In the service held at Northfield, best to devote this money to mission- Mass., on August 6th, 19IO, in recog- ary work in the fields visited, and nition of Doctor Pierson's fifty years many worthy and needy causes were of service in the Gospel ministry, he substantially helped. Some friends would permit no eulogy of himself, have now suggested that a more per- asking only to be allowed to give his manent memorial might be established testimony to the faithfulness of God in Korea, the last mission field visited and the blessing that had come from by Doctor Pierson, the land where his trusting in His promises. The testi- daughter, Mrs. Curtis, is working, and mony was based on four passages of the land that so profoundly imprest Scripture: Psalm I: I and 2; Prov- him for the deep spirituality of the erbs 3: 6; Matthew 6: 33; and John missionaries and the Christlike char- 7: I7· Doctor Pierson recorded his acter of the work. It was the earnest conviction as to the importance of the hope of Dr. Pierson that he might be study of God's word, the open ac- spared to help build up this needed knowledgment of Him as Guide and work, and we know of nothing that King, the faithfulness of God's pro- would more fully meet his wishes or vision for every need, and the readi- more fittingly continue the work so ness of God to lead into the light dear to his heart than a Bible training those who are ready to follow it. school in Korea. It would best be con- Preparations are being made to ducted under the auspices of one of the publish a biography of Doctor Pierson missionary boards. It may be that some at an early date. His life was remark- who have been helped by Doctor Pier- ably rich in variety and incident; he son's teachings, and who would count was in close fellowship with some of it a privilege to help establish a fitting the widely known leaders of his day, memorial, would contribute a fund to and his character, his work and his establish and endow a Bible school for writings furnish a rich store from training Christian workers in Korea.

which to draw instruction and inspira- The abiding and growing influence of tion for all days to come. Friends such an institution could not be e&ti- who have any biographical material of mated. It is not in useless monuments general interest are asked to forward of stone that we would perpetuate the it as promptly as possible to the office name and influence of this great advo- of THE REVIEW. Reminiscences, cate of missions, but in some useful in- poems, newspaper clippings, incidents stitutions in which the spirit of Christ or letters will be especially valued and may be manifested and through which the originals will be returned if de- His kingdom may be promoted.

sired. DR. PIERSON'S FAREWELL MIS. SIONARY MESSAGE A Permanent Memorial At the time of Doctor Pierson's Golden Jubilee celebration last year Just before the late Editor-in-Chiefs some friends in America and in Eng- departure from Korea, where he spent land suggested the raising of a jubilee two months, he wrote, on January 8th,

a message to the missionaries whom caned for an inward transformation he had expected to meet in person, but was prevented by the condition of his at Peniel. ' health. As his last message to those who with him have held dear the faith "3rd. To Joseph-when the voice in Christ Jesus our Lord, and who with him have devoted themselves to called for administration of a regal rethe extension of the kingdom of God, this letter is of peculiar interest and sponsibility in a crisis of national peril. importance. Doctor Pierson wrote: "4th. To Moses-with a call to ab- "SEOUL, January 8, 1910. solute self-renunciation. "DEAR BRETHREN: "5th. Then to Joshua-when the "I had hoped that I might have had more personal contact with the be- call came to complete self-surrender loved missionaries here, but it has been simply impracticable. My health of his generalship and plans of warhas not allowed even private interviews to any considerable extent. fare into the hands of the invincible Early this week I am constrained to start on my way homeward, leaving Captain of the Lord's Host. only a general word of farewell and blessing. "6th. To David-a call to abandon "I wish to assure you that I have his own cherished plan for building a been here long enough to become intensely interested in the missionary house for God, even after it had been activity here, and it will have a permanent place in my daily prayers. formally approved by the prophet Na- "If I had been privileged to speak than, and to leave it to another to carry to you to-day it would have been from. Acts 26: 19: 'Vhereupon I was not out even after most extensive preparadisobedient unto the heavenly vision.' tions had been made, and vast sums of "The force of the word 'whereupon' is 'immediately,' there is therefore a money had been accumulated by himthree-fold lesson. self; which, if the numerical state- !'I. To every man there comes at some time a heavenly vision. ments in 1 Chron., Chapters 22 and 29, "2. The one duty is obedience. are to be depended upon, must have "3. And everything may depend upon the promptness of that obedi- amounted to about on,e hundred milence. "I had intended to use as an illus- lions of dollars-and this of his own tration of these truths, Acts 7, the keynote of which is the following words: private property in addition to still 'The God of glory appeared and said': that is to say, it was a vision accom- more vast preparations. panied by a voice, as all great visions are. "7th. To Solomon-it was a call to "There is a revelation of the will of God and a personal call. Then follow dependence upon a higher wisdom, eight instances of what may be called a 'vocal vision,' or a viliion accompan- notwithstanding his own brilliant enied by a voice. "1st. To Abraham-when the voice dowments. called for separation. ";md. To Jacob – when the voice "It will be seen that everyone of these was a call to some form of self- renunciation. Abram was called to renounce country and kindred. Jacob got no victory till he ceased from self- effort, and consented to be a cripple.

Joseph was called to renounce all human insight and foresight, in order to meet a great national crisis. Moses was called to renounce the riches of Egypt, a royal position and the throne of the world. Joshua was called to renounce all pride in his generalship, and follow measures only calculated to promote ridicule. David was called to renounce the chosen purpose of a life- time. And Solomon to renounce an wisdom of his own and all dependence upon everything but God.

"To all of these must be added the illustration furnished by Stephen him- self, who was called to make the great- est sacrifice that any man can make- to give up life itself, and exchange the blest activity of service for the but they were unable to agree as to pains and apparent disasters of martyrdom at the beginning of his career. which was the one.

"This is what I desire to leave as The first aim as Christians should my last message, and entrust in the n~me of the Lord to another's lips, be t,he mani~estatio? of the spirit of with the prayer that this divine lesson may be learned by us all. ChrIst, the Vital umon with Him the "Most affectionately yours in the perfect obedience to His control. This Lord, is gener~ll~ agree~ to in theory-why "ARTHUR T. PIERSON." not put It In practlse? The reason is DENOMINATIONAL UNITY that many men and denominations We are not among those who believe that the organic union of Chris- have not as much unselfishness and tendom, or of evangelical Christian churches is the first or most important spirit of sacrifice in the Church as step in winning the world to our Lord ] <:sus Christ, or in carrying out the they have in national life. In a village Wish of our Lord, exprest in His prayer, "That they may be all one." the first question should be-how can An external union might be the very ~eans to ~efeat our Lord's purpose. the cause of Christ be best manifested fo . our minds, the most important achievement first to be sought is the and promoted in this place? Then the closer and more perfect union with our Lord as head of the Church. If salary of ministers, the precedence of this is accomplished there may be many denominations, but one body and churches, the minor differences of one Spirit. If this be the first great aim of all Christians, then there can order of worship, church government be no rivalry or jealousy; it will make no difference whether the individual, and insignificant points of adomicstrsiinoe~ the society, or the denomination be will sink out of sight. In praised or lead in the world's work, each will be willing to be anathema if field the first consideration should be only the name of the Lord Jesus is glorified. the united witness to the Gospel and Some of the recent discussions on the exhibition of the spirit of brotherly church union seem to turn· on the point that none are willing to die. love. This is what will impress the History and prestige are held to be more important than life and work. non-Christian world. Then it will not In our cities, country districts, mission fields it is sometimes desirable that a be a question as to which society enchurch shall die for the sake of the kingdom of God. Yet in some of the tered the field first, or which has indiscussions relating to union and cooperation we are reminded of the de- vested the most money; it will be a bate on the raft at sea, where the party of survivors from the sinking ship question for friendly discussion and found that the water and provisions were insufficient to sustain them all, decision as to which body of workers and each agreed that one of the party should be willing to die for the others, can most successfully advance the kingdom of God in that place. A dif- ference of opinion may be amicably settled by arbitration or division of territory.

When we can, as Christians, agree that God is the universal Father and ruler, that Christ Jesus is the universal Savior and Lord, that surrender to Him is the way to receive the gift of life, that the Bible contains God's revela- tion of the way of life, and that God's Spirit brings light and life, power and love into the soul, then we shall be ready for union as followers of Christ Jesus, and will not waste time and energy and money in minor discus- sions or in perpetuating useless dis- tinctions. It is not the most essen- tial thing that a man or a church, a denomination or a mission, shall live physically, but it is most important that they shall live spiritually and per- petuate the spirit and teachings of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. MISSIONARY TREASURIES-WHAT without money can do infinitely more than money without God. IS THE TROUBLE? Third, as a rule it is the testimony ''Yord comes from missionary so- of those who are studying the probcieties in America and Great Britain lem that the chief difficulty lies with of large deficits in missionary treas- the short-sighted policies of the pasuries. The Church Missionary Soci- tors of churches and their official ety of England reports a debt of $240,- boards. Fears are openly exprest that 000 in spite of efforts to clear the money given to missions will dedeficiency. The London Missionary So- crease the home revenues, and that ciety is $215,000 behind, and the Eng- time and workers devoted to worldlish Baptist Missionary Society is in wide work will take away from those debt $50,000. The same condition ap- needed for the local church and compears in Scotland and in America. munity. Only a few of the societies have their balance on the right side of the ledger. There may be other causes for defi- All this is despite the great missionary ciencies in enlarged plans of societies, expositions, conferences and move- in political disturbances, gifts to more ments among men, women and young secular causes, and to commercial depeople. pression, but we are convinced that the chief cause is the general lower- What is the trouble? It is easier to ing of spiritual life in many of our ask the question than to answer it, but churches and cities, in the prevailing the difficulty seems to us to be three- laxity of ideas in regard to the necesfold: First, too much emphasis is sity of salvation through Christ alone, placed on great movements, on ma- and in the increase of luxurious and chinery, on secular support for Chris- selfish living. Weare not pessimistic, tian work; and too little emphasis is but we believe in looking the facts placed on the Spirit to move the ma- squarely in the face and in putting chinery, on the personal relationship first things first. of men and women to the Lord Jesus Christ himself, and on the call of duty THE GREATEST OBSTACLE TO and privileges in fulfilling His commission. Too much energy is used MISSIONS also in starting the machinery going, and too little in keeping it up. There Missionary Basden, in Onitscha on may be a whirlwind campaign that the Niger, West Africa, writes: "We will catch men up and carry them have here a flourishing congregation along like paper. Then the breeze of native Christians, and our meetdies down and there is a dead calm. ings are attended by 1,400 persons Men are silenced in their opposition to sometimes. Yet I am sure that dozens missions, but they are not born again of Europeans who pass through Onitin their relation to Jesus Christ and scha have returned to their homes and His work. are diligently affirming that they did not see a Christian native on the Niger. Second, too much emphasis is placed The indifference of Europeans to religon money and too little on the work ious matters is simply awful, and our to be done, and the Lord and His black Christians are unable to underworkers who are to do it. Men and stand it. Some years ago I was asked women are told how little sacrifice is the question, What makes missionary needed to give two or five cents a work especially difficult? and I was week, large gifts are announced and forced to answer, The bad influence advertised as evidence of consecration, of Europeans. The experience of the and standards of giving are set, but last years has only strengthened that the personal responsibility of each di- conviction." Many Americans are sciple to his Master is not made the likewise a hindrance to missionary efchief consideration. Some talk and fort, but some travelers and merchants write as tho money would convert the and government officers are a great world, whereas we know that God help to the work.

MISSIONARY

EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN only grow in usefulness as it grows in years." Training of Missionaries Christian Endeavor in Great Britain The first practical outcome of t~e Edinburgh Missionary Conference IS Some interesting figures were prethe formation of a Board of Study, sented recently in the report rendered consisting of representatives o~ var!- at the Christian Endeavor Conference ous missionary societies, the UnIVerSI- at Middlesbrough. It seems that the ties, and specialists in Oriental mat- total membership is over 228,618, the ters, who will provide facilities for the new societies registered during the more thorough training of mission- year numbering 156. There are 112 aries of all denominations in the lan- new societies in England, I9 in Ireguages, religions, and customs of the land, 17 in Scotland, and 8 in Wales. East. For some time the Edinburgh The president for the year is Rev. F. Conference International Continuation Committee has been considering the J. Horsefield, vicar of St. Silas, Brismatter, and at a largely attended me.eting at the Bible House the formatIOn tol, who said he would use his best of the Board was decided upon. The endeavors during the year to help for- .majority of the missionary societies ward the work, and to break down the have already appointed delegates to barriers of denominational prejudice. represent them, and the remainder are expected to follow suit.. It will be t.he London Mi.sionary Society's Ten Yean' business of the executIve to advIse candidates for the mission field, and Review give information to training colleges as to the curriculum, while it is antici- Deprest Christians who deplore the pated that the various missionary so- "arrested progress" at home, have cieties themselves will consult the only to look abroad to have their faith Board. The full scope of the Board's renewed and their interest revived. In work can not be decided upon till it is the London Missionary Society Chronknown what steps the Government is icle is a careful survey of the whole of taking with regard to the foundation their field during the past ten years, of a School of Oriental Studies simi- showing the work actually accomlar to the institutions which already plished. It is a splendid tale: exist in France and Germany. A simi- lar board is in the process of forma- "The church-membership has intion in the United States. creased from 58,059 to 84,185. The only mission which shows no increase A British Statesman on the Bible is South India. The church in Travan- core has grown from 7,901 to 11,243. A good example has been set by Sir In China the membership has slightly Robert Hart, for so many years Di- more than doubled, and is now 15,215, rector of Chinese Customs. He wrote as compared with 7,600 in 1891. The recently to the British and Foreign African Mission, especially in Central Bible Society as follows: "It occurs Africa, has also more than doubled its to me, as I am just opening a new membership, from 2,667 to 5,499. The check-book, that I could not do better church in Madagascar-amid all its than dedicate the first check to the troubles-has now a membership of British and Foreign Bible Society; so 29,449, as compared with 21,961; and here is a donation of a hundred guin- the Polynesian churches have grown eas. The work done is enormous, and from a membership of 14,544 to 19,- the good it accomplishes is beyond 462, the growth being mainly in Pa- all calculation. . . . As foundation pua." and scaffolding for all building, the Society has proved itself and its worth THE CONTINENT beyond all praise, and I am sure it will Norway and Medical Mi..ions A beginning of medical mission in- terest is reported from Norway.. The story is told in Medical Missions at Home and Abroad: "A Christian asso-

clatlOn of Norwegian physicians has the door and knocking." Mr. 'Fettler been founded at Christiania. The holds Bible classes in the palace of the members composing it are 35 physi~ Princess Lieven, to which some three cians from different parts of the coun- hundred persons come. The great hall try; and the chairman, Doctor Jen- of the city councilor Duma has been senius, 'Nordstrand, Christiania, gave granted to him for Sabbath-school an inspiring and beautiful address at demonstrations. The hall of the Nothe first meeting. The objects of the bel building (erected by the petroleum association are: (I) The strengthen- and dynamite king, Alfred Nobel, ing of the Christian life of the mem- founder of the Nobel Prizes), has also bers; (2) to promote the spiritual wel- been used by Fettler for evangelistic fare of medical students; (3) to stir services." up interest in medical missions in the form of homes for epileptics and A Great Baptist Reformation other sufferers, under a Christian superintendent; and (4) to aid Chris- There is in progress in Russia and tian men and women who desire to southeastern Europe the most remarkgive themselves up to medical mission able religious movement of modern work on the foreign field." times. It is spreading among the Slavs and Cossacks of Russia, the Jesuits in Russia Letts and Esthonians of the Baltic provinces, the Cechs of Moravia and The recent expulsion from Moscow the great Carpathian range, the Magof the head of the Jesuits, and other yars, Slovacs and Ruthenians of Hun- "Roman Catholic zealots," marks an- gary, and it has reached the various other stage in the development of the races of the Balkan States. differences between the Russian Government and the Vatican. A weII- During the past half century Bapinformed St. Petersburg correspond- tist churches have been established in ent states that a hitherto unsuspected alI these countries, partIy through the Romish propaganda .has been discov- missionary enthusiasm of the German ered in Moscow and in St. Petersburg, Baptist Union, and partly through the where the Jesuits have managed to get dissemination of the Scriptures. the control of the Roman Catholic schools. Churches founded less than five years ago number 700 or 800 members, Pastor Fenler aa an Evangelist and in one case 1,200; in the Nagy Szalonta district we have records of The Record of Christian Work gives 250 baptisms per month; in Morava this account of the labors of a new Norbert Capek has established 2I sta- Russian evangelist: tions, with I,200 members, in seven years; FetIer in St. Petersburg has "Pastor Wilhelm Fettler, a Russian gathered a church of 300 members in educated in Spurgeon's College, and three years, has established 12 mission preaching in St. Petersburg, in Rus- stations, and has compelled the attensian, Lettish, German and English, is tion of the whole city to the principles having a great ingathering among the and progress of the Baptist movement. working classes. Men stand patiently —John Clifford. for hours in the aisles of his meetingplaces, block up doorways, and fill A Russian Priest Unfrocked ante-rooms. News comes just now that the evan- "When the people kneel to pray, gelical priest and preacher, Gregori after the Russian manner, the effect is Petrow, in St. Petersburg, has been indescribable. Wave after wave of unfrocked and forbidden to preach beemotion thrills the assembly. The rich cause of his advanced evangelical bass of the men's voices is very power- views. The Record of Christian Work ful as they join in the 'Glory Song' gives some interesting details of his or in a favorite hymn by the Grand ministry: In the St. Petersburg priest, Duke Constantine, 'I am standing at Gregori Petrow, the evangelical move-

MISSIONARY

ment in Russia has a powerful repre- of energy and self-respect. On the sentative. He is not merely a man of Galata Bridge he met a Turk and his exceptional knowledge in many lines of wife walking side by side, while under thought-but he seems to have also a the old custom the lord of creation singularly clear grasp of the meaning stalked ahead, while his wife humbly of Christ's teaching. In the capifal tagged along a few paces in the rear. there is no hall large enough to hold The official who did him a favor drew the multitudes that throng to hear his back at the offer of the usual "coffee religious lectures. Petrow is a man money," saying, "My government in the prime of life. He has filled pays my salary." Formerly the positions of importance in the na- Turkish subject must secure a pertional Church; head clergyman of the mit specifying the date of his prochurch of St. Alexander Nevsky, re- posed trip and the route he would ligious instructor to the corps of take; he must get the signature of the pages-where he has in charge the taxgatherer that showed all his taxes pick of the youth of the Russian were paid, and the seal of his religious aristocracy-and professor in theolo- community testifying that he was a gy at the POlytechnic Schoo!' His good citizen and that none of his relaevangelical note recalls the doctrines tives had run off to America, and the of the hated Stundists. Petrow is, signature of the governor of the state too, a burning anti-alcoholist, publish- and several other officials, anyone of ing a temperance paper and many whom, if he chose, could block the pamphlets on the subject. permit.

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS A Time of Testing at Hand American Schools in Turkey Rev. F. E: Hoskins writes from Beirut: "Many of our Syrian churches After an extended visit to the Orient, have experienced a fresh awakening William E. Curtis, the world-famous and greater signs of life appear. Chriscorrespondent of the Chicago Record- tians in the Ottoman Empire are fa- Herald, wrote home: "The influence cing a new testing time in life in being of the American schools has been car- drafted into the Turkish army. If all ried to every corner of the empire. the promises of the new regime were Every student leaving these American kept the military training would be an schools has carried the germ of prog- excellent tonic for all young men. ress to his sleeping town. He has be- Unfortunately for the empire, a large come a force for the new order wher- number of young men have fled from ever he has gone. This influence," the country, and this course has says Mr. Curtis, "has been working opened the door for charges of disfor a half century or more, and has loyalty which have been uttered on the been preparing the minds of the peo- floor of the Parliament and reechoed ple for the great change that has re- through all grades of social life. If cently come over them. The mission- men are ennobled by bravely facing a aries do not teach revolution, they do difficult situation in life, then the not en~ourage revolutionary methods; Christians of the Ottoman Empire but they have always preached and have a grand opportunity. taught'liberty, equality, fraternity and the rights of man." INDIA Turkey Then and Now Caste System Giving Way Dr. White, of Marsovan, noted many Christianity teaches that one is the welcomed changes in conditions of life Father of all and that all are brethren. in Turkey as he returned to his field Many predicted that Christianity could after furlough. In two days' stay at never make headway in India unless it Constantinople he never saw a dog; recognized caste. For three generabut the streets were cleaner than ever, tions Christian ideas have been proand men walked them with a new air mulgated and exemplified. To-day, among the loudest to proclaim that love touched him; he took off his caste is the curse of India are the Hindu charms, ate with our catechists Brahmans themselves. They openly (so breaking his caste), and has has tell the people that Christianity is right been with them ever since, reading in its contention that caste is an evil, God's Word and learning. When I and that it must be abolished. A num- asked him what drew him to Christ, ber of native organizations have laid he said: 'Our gods show kindness to down the principle that caste is a curse the "shadhus" (holy men), but the and can not be retained. So far as a Lord Christ to sinners, and I am a sinwide acceptance of the idea of the ner.' In the eyes of the Hindus he brotherhood of man is concerned, the was a 'shadhu,' for he was one with battle has already been won. It yet them in dress and ways." remains to overcome deep-seated prejudices and create a new social order Illiterates in the Orient to take the place of the old. The Christian Literature Society of Widowhood in India India is calling attention to the deplor- able illiteracy in the Far East. In the The figures are appalling in respect Indian Empire, it is stated that there of child marriages. The census of are 277,000,000, and in China 300,- 1901 showed 121,500 married boys, 000,000, who can not read and write and 243,500 married girls, whose age their own languages. This illiteracy was under five; 760,000 boys and is one of the greatest of all hinder- 2,030,000 girls between the ages of ances to the progress of the Gospel. five and ten; 2,540,000 and 6,585,000 They can not read, they can not think, between ten and fifteen. Of these, all they can not understand the teachings except a certain number of girls under of Christianity. In India, practically the last class were married before they all the women and girls are illiterate, were able to realize what marriage is. only one in ninety being able to read The most deplorable result of such and write.-American Messenger. marriages is seen in the number of widowed children; 6,000 widowers Government Aid for Mission Schools and 96,000 widows were less than five years of age; 37,000 widowers and In India everyone of our mission- 96,000 widows were between five and aries is receiving large and increasing ten; 113,000 widowers and 276,000 government grants in partial support widows between ten and fifteen. of every educational institution and school which can be maintained at the A "Holy Man" Says He i. "A Sinner" level required. Our tremendous school system in Ceylon of more than ten Writing in India's Women and Chi- thousand pupils is carried on practina's Daughters on work in Krishnagar cally at government expense. The inand district, Miss Janet T. Sharpe spectors are among the most cordial says:- "With our catechists is a young visitors to our colleges, and their man, a Hindu, desiring to be a Chris- standards are in every case just. Retian. In November, at the time of the call also that Mr. D. C. Churchill is fair at Nadiya, this man took a tract carrying on his experiments and invenfrom our Bible women who were tions on his new hand-loom subsidized speaking to the numerous pilgrims. by the Government of India.-Ameri- He bought a Gospel, and as he still can Board Bulletin. went on following them, our women said: 'If you wish to know more we Baptisms hy the Thousand will take you to our catechists who are here'; and this they did. For six Bishop Warne writes of his return years this young man had been visit- from a tour in the Northwest India ing all the holy places of the Hindus, Conference, where he baptized 700 and so at this time had come to Na- persons "near Delhi." Two thoudiya. The simple Gospel message of sand fnore were ready for baptism in the same region. The significance ?f the location is better realized when Hinduism Bestirring Itself one remembers that Delhi was the capital of the old Mogul Empire, and Rev. W. E. S. Holland of Allastill holds within its walls the greatest habad recently wrote to The Church Mohammedan mosque in India. Del- Missionary Society Gazette: "Most hi was one of the three cities which significant of all is the first 'Ghuddi' figured as centers in the Sepoy Mu- ('purification') Conference-to continy. sider the admission of non-Hindus and of the outcastes to Hinduism, and An Incident in Census-taking the readmission of repentant converts. Till this present moment it has been M akhzan-i-Masihi gives the follow- neither possible nor desired that a ing story of intimidation regarding non-Hindu or a lapsed Hindu should census operations: "In one village the join or rej oin the Hindu fold. But Christians were told that if they en- the Christian propaganda has awaktered their names as Christians they ened Hinduism to the fact that it must would be drafted as coolies to go to be missionary or die. The most amazan island of the sea-perhaps British ing thing is the new-born desire to lift Guiana-and as one of their number the outcastes, numbering 60,000,000 in a year or two ago disappeared mys- India, lest they should be driven into teriously and is supposed to have been the fold of Christianity or Islam. Ressent as a coolie to some distant island, olutions I and 2 run: 'That in this report of the deportation of all the opinion of this Conference it is the Christians of this village to this necessary and desirable (I) that the far-away island is readily believed. It deprest classes throughout India be is by reports of this kind, as well as in raised socially, spiritually, mentally other ways, the attempt is made to and morally, and that steps be taken frighten these poor villagers into a for the achievement of this end; (2) denial of their being disciples of to admit to the fold of Hinduism those Christ." who desire it, after the performance of Prayas-chitta (penance, including Hindu Idea of Religion the eating and drinking of the five products of the cow) and Homa.' Sir Monier Williams tells how he Truly, Hinduism is fighting in its last met in India an intelligent Sikh from lines of defense!" the Punjab, and asked him about his religion. He replied; "1 believe in A Colony of Sturdy Chrilltians one God, and I repeat my prayers, The Indian Witness describes a called Japji, every morning and eve- Christian colony in the Punjab some 90 miles from Lahore. Because of ning. These prayers occupy six pages congestion of population, Christian of print, but I can get through them natives petitioned the Government for in a little more than ten minutes. I a grant of jungle land near the great have made one pilgrimage to a holy canal of the Chenab. Four thousand well near Amritsar. Eighty-five steps acres were turned over to them on lead down to it. I descended and which nearly 2,000 men, women and bathed in the sacred pool, then I as- children are now settled. The jungle cended one step, and repeated my has been all cleared, wells dug, houses, ]apji in about ten minutes. Then I schools, post-office and a stately descended again to the pool and bathed church built. The farmers assess again, and ascended to the second step, themselves to support a pastor and school-teachers and have established and repeated my Japj i a second time. a mission to evangelize the heathen villages in the neighborhood. The re- Then I descended a third time and ligious guidance of this community is bathed, and ascended to the third step; in the hands of American and Scotch and so on for the whole 85 steps, 85 Presbyterian missions. hathings, and 85 repetitions of the same prayers. It took me exactly 14 hours, from 5 P. M. one evening to 7 A. M. next morning." What the Bible Did for Them schools, hospitals and churches bene- fited by this memorial gift is 39. At a gathering of Indian Christian workers in Meerut testimonies were CHINA given to the benefits experienced in regular Bible study. All these testi- China and Opium monies refer to God's Word, which these Indian workers are pledged to According to recent news, an agreeread daily for at least one hour. ment has been practically reached be- tween the Chinese Foreign Office and "In it I hear the voice of Christ." Great Britain. The main points of "It presents to me the picture of my the agreement are: (I) That the im- Lord." portation of Indian opium shall cease "It is as sunlight to my soul." as soon as the cultivation of opium "It satisfies my spirit." ceases in China. (2) That in the "It purifies my heart." meanwhile the duty on imported opi- "It is to me the fountain of the water of um may be increased threefold. (3) life." That the accumulated stocks of Indian "It quenches my thirst." opium, amounting to about 20,000 "It is my food." chests, may be sold without a time "It is the living Word." limit, but that the Indian imports shall "It is my great teacher." be correspondingly decreased. China "It is to me the way to heaven." in the last three years has reduced her "It is my special friend." cultivation of opium by about 70 per "It is God's dwelling-place." cent. It is therefore almost certain "It is to me a bazaar of heavenly sup- that within the next two years, or plies." even less, the poppy will no longer be "It is God's letter of love to my spirit." grown in China, and that consequent- "It is the ship that carries me home." ly, in accordance with the projected "It is the touchstone of my soul." treaty, the lucrative traffic from India "It is my spiritual pasture." will automatically be brought to an "It is the spiritual garden of Eden." end. "It is my sword in warfare with sin and Satan." "It is a province of the heavenly kingdom."

Gifts from Siamese King Opium Smoking Forbidden The Government of Siam spent The following sentences are from four million ticals ($1,520,000) on an imperial edict recently issued at memorial presents, given out on the Peking: "Many, no doubt, have done recent cremation of His Majesty, the their best to carry out orders, but it is late king. The Siam and Laos mis- highly probable that others have acted sions were asked to state what they otherwise. If negligence is condoned would like for their churches, schools in this regard, opium smoking will and hospitals, and handsome presents never be stamped out. Therefore we were given, ranging in value from 50 again issue commands to the effect that in future in no region where ($19) to 500 ($190) ticals. A list poppy-growing has been stopt may was suggested for the institutions of replanting be resorted to, and persons the American Presbyterian mission, who have discontinued the habit may and these include pianos, honor desks, not again indulge. Viceroys and govclocks, microscopes, operating tables, ernors are to give strict warning in sterilizers, instrument cabinets and terms of the imperial orders to those electric batteries. In addition to the who have not yet ceased to smoke to above gifts, each school in the Siam quit the habit. There must be no deand Laos missions received a photo- lays allowed. District Magistrates graph of the late King of Siam. who are negligent and careless in car- rying out the orders of their superiors The gifts for the schools and will be heavily punished. The Tuchihchurches were selected by the king pu and the Minchengpu are hereby himself, and those for the hospitals ordered to make thorough investigawere selected by missionaries appointed by him. The total number of tions to follow up the matter in order tisms. It is nearly forty-six years to secure real results, and to show since Mr. Hudson Taylor yielded him- forth the desire of the Throne to erad- self to God, at Brighton, for the lead- icate this evil from the people." ership of this work, and forty-five A Stirring Appeal and the Response years since the sailing of the Lammer- muir party. During these years some Pastor Ding Li Mei, the first Chi- 36,500 Chinese have, in connection nese General Secretary of the Stu- with the work of the mission, publicly dent Volunteer Movement-a man of confest Christ in baptism. Of these "beautiful Christian character tried in 36,500, nearly 12,964 were baptized Boxer fires," with a radiant face-has during the thirty-five years which premade a twofold appeal to students ceded the Boxer crisis, and the reto give themselves to their country's maining 23,500 during the years which evangelization, first, for Christ's sake, have succeeded that baptism of blood. and, second, for China's sake. The The apparently barren years of plowresult has been remarkable. Says Dr. ing and of seed-sowing are now bring- Fenn: "For the Church in China this ing forth their harvest. "But," it was means the hastening of the day when asked, "should we not look for yet she will be self-supporting, self- greater things?" The average numpropagating, self-governing. For the ber of baptisms per annum for the last Church in America it means the great- ten years has been about 2,600. est challenge of the century. Who did not join in the prayer for native The Miaaionary'. Task laborers to go forth into that harvest? The missionary is the introducer of Did we mean it? Did we only antici- current Western standards. He inpate a few volunteers who could be structs his schoolboys respecting bathprovided for by the existing agencies; ing, spitting, the use of the handkerand are we staggered because God has chief, neatness of garb, the care of opened the windows of heaven and one's room, modesty in personal habpoured us out a blessing?" its. He teaches the people to clean Union in School Work house and yard, to whitewash the In Fuchau the representatives of walls of the home, to scour the floors three Boards have passed resolutions of the school-room or church. He ento unite their kindergarten work un- forces the duty of being humane to der one organization. This step will dumb animals, of rearing defective strengthen the influence of the educa- children, of educating daughters and tional work for children be securing c<.msuIting the wife.-Century Magabetter equipment and a larger force of zine.

teachers than the three societies could What It COlta to Be a Christian provide separately. The Methodists, Church of England and American The break of the genuine convert Board will thus be drawn closer to- with his past in China is far more gether in the common cause. Similar abrupt than anything with which we movements toward efficiency and econ- are familiar. He turns his back on omy are on foot in many foreign cen- opium, gambling and unchastity, the ters. besetting sins of his fellows. He abandons cheating, lying, back-biting, Work of the China Inland Mission quarreling and filthy language, which This society reports a total of 968 are all too rife among the undiscip- missionaries at the close of I9IO. To lined common people. He shuns liti- these are to be added no fewer than gation, of the ruin of the villager.

2,008 Chinese colleagues, 689 of whom By withdrawing from the festivals ill are either self-supporting or are sup- . the ancestral hall and from the rites ported by the Chinese Church. The at the graves of his ancestors, he sun- reports for I9IO, so far as they are ders himself from his clan and incurs yet to hand, tell of some 2,832 bap- persecution. Thus, the converts be-

come separatists, with the merits and decidedly noisy. Occasionally a little defects of separatists. Cut off from urchin sits cross-legged on the corner the world and thrown on one another, of the pulpit platform, or plays on they form a group apart, a body of the floor way down front, or perhaps Puritans that will one day be a pre- stands meditatively gazing at the forcious nucleus of moral regeneration eigner. The doors and windows are for China.-Century Magazine. wide open and we do not suffer from bad air. Dogs and sometimes a sheep Chinese Students Becoming Christians wander in, but more important are the stray listeners who are attracted by The conspicuous feature of Epiph- the music or the sound of the preachany this year is the change in atti- er's voice. tude toward Christianity on the part of thinking men and students in col- How One Chinese Christian Gives leges. Some seven or eight hundred asked for admission tickets to Boone A wealthy official was lately bapon Christmas day, to a religious meet- tized by Ding Lee May in Tientsin, ing for telling the meaning of Chris- the city which Yuan Shi Kai made tianity. It was an unheard-of thing a model of municipal government. Afin these parts. On top of all the news ter his conversion he gave 20,000 taels has just come that the most brilliant (about $14,0(0) to the Y. M. C. A., student ever in Boone University, who and proposes to give IO,ooo taels yearwill take his degree this Chinese New ly for the support of twenty of the Year, a son of a great, learned and best preachers he can find. He also wealthy family, has just come out has land in Manchuria upon which he openly, declared his faith in Christ and plans to settle, free of charge, all asked to be prepared for baptism. He Christians who apply. is a man for whom we have prayed for years. Each year Boone men Poppy Culture Greatly Diminished are more highly qualified for future work, but this reaches the top notch Bishop Bashford writes home: "The so far, and, with any opening he cultivation of the poppy has practically chooses before him, he has decided to ceased in six of the twelve original become a Christian. But he accepts a comparatively low salary at Boone, provinces. Edwin J. Dingle, in a letand promises to teach there for two years.-Spirit of Missions. ter to the Shanghai Times, declares that in a journey of over 2,000 miles How Chinese Behave in Meeting in Yunnan, recently, he saw not more than IOO acres of poppies growing. Rev. E. D. Kellogg writes in the In Kweichow, the sister province of Missionary Herald from Shao-win: Yunnan, the conditions are very simi- lar to these in Kansuh. When Mrs. In these Chinese chapels there is Bashford and I first visited the Szeshown more of the social spirit than chuen province in 1905, we saw about is often found in churches at home. one-third of the arable land devoted The day at the worship hall is looked to the poppy, and were told that from forward to very eagerly by the regu- 60 to 70 per cent. of the men were lar attendants. Most everybody brings using opium-perhaps 25 per cent. of his hymn book, also his New Testa- them to excess-and that from IO to ment, and takes part in the service. IS per cent. of the women were also The worshipers are quite unconven- using the drug. These observations tional in their conduct; they move in a province numbering some 69,000,- around more or less, talk occasionally 000 people, were the most discouraif they so desire, and take such posi- ging facts we have ever seen in the tions on the benches as best suit their empire. But when I passed through bodily comfort. The children move the Szechuen province in I9IO, I travabout quite at will, and are sometimes eled during the same season of the year over all the territory we had

MISSIONARY

covered in a thirty days' trip in 1905, structed all their minor officials to do and traversed considerable additional all they can to strengthen all religions territory, and where we saw one-third among the people. Temples and shrines of the cultivated land devoted to the are to be protected, and valuable lands, poppy five years ago, I did not see a occupied by shrines, which were to single poppy growing." have been taken by the government, are to revert to their old uses and JAPAN the old and new gods are to be honored. The authorities have con- A Half-century of Progreas duded that law without religion is powerless to create and hold men to It is difficult to believe that two high ideals, and therefore the cry is generations ago Japan was even more to be "Back to the gods." Christian completely closed to Western influ- missions will share mental protection, ence than was China. She was then and with the growth of Christian unity under a feudal form of government, there is a better opportunity to make divided into clans. Those of the war- Japan a Christian nation. rior clan, the Samurai, were intensely devoted to their lords and jealous of A Japanese on Korea'. Future other clans. The rights of the common people were greatly restricted. Dr. M. Monda, a former professor One policy was chiefly enforced-ex- in the Imperial University at Tokyo, clusion of the foreigner and of foreign says: "It is well known that the Chriscustoms. No Japanese was permitted tian missionaries in Korea had the to leave the country, and any who positive assurance both of the late escaped were not permitted to return. Prince Ito and the present Governor- Not until 1868 did a revolution make General, Viscount Terauchi, that it is the emperor actual as well as nominal the settled policy of Japan to secure head of the nation. In 1871 the feud- a harmonious cooperation of the spirial lords voluntarily surrendered their tual uplifting of the people and of rule, and, at the advice of a mission- their political reform. Foreign religary, an embassy was sent to Western ions have experienced more or less lands to observe and report. This persecution only when they have intour led to the systematic appropria- terfered or threatened to interfere tion of Western ideals, culminating with the political stability of the nain a constitutional government, pro- tion. So long as the Korean Christians claimed in 1889. Since then Japan try to better their general condition has proved herself; in some respects, through individual regeneration, the the most brilliant nation in the world. Government is sure to protect and She has achieved greater progress in even to encourage them in their faith. one generation than any other coun- The appointment of Japanese Christry has achieved in two, if not in three tians to such important posts as the generations. She has gone to school Supreme Court judgeship and the dito the whole world, and has learned rector-generalship of the Peninsular her lessons with remarkable facility. Government sufficiently testifies to the sincerity of purpose of the Tokyo Anarchism and Religion in Japan authorities. Aside from this' fact, there is, too, an encouraging sign in Among other ideas from the West the moral standard of the Japanese the Japanese have imbibed anarchism, officials in Korea. and after a recent outbreak, 23 persons were executed. Some of the in- A Japanese Methodist of Note telligent Japanese see in these movements toward laxity, a sign of grow- Bishop Moore writes that Rev. Sening immorality and disloyalty. They nosuki Ogata is on his way to Amersee the need of stability and stronger ica. He is "presiding elder of Tokyo and higher religious faith. The Min- District, and Bishop Honda's succesister of Home Affairs and the Minis- sor as president of Aoyama Gakum, ter of Education have, therefore, inour great college in Tokyo. He was as encouraging as ever. "Peace preour first native missionary in Japan, vails throughout the country; moraland for all the years until the recent ity of the Japanese is improving rapidmodification of the imperial law held ly, and their attitude toward the in his own name all our valuable prop- Korean is undergoing a great change. erties in the empire. His diligence Missionaries are being well underand success as a missionary, and his stood, partly due to their good sense fidelity to his great trust were so and partly to the efforts of all officonspicuous that a few good friends cials and Christians. There is no deon this side tendered him a visit to nying that General Terauchi is the this country as an expression of high very man to govern this country, and appreciation. Doctor Ogata's history God is evidently making a good inis very interesting. He was born in strument of him in its bettering." Yedda, now Tokyo, in I854, of parents who were Buddhists, but who also be- The Amazing Growth of Two Years lieved in Shintoism. He was brought up to worship Buddha, and many dei- Two years ago a station was opened ties of Shinto as well. When he was by the Presbyterians in the Chung J u nineteen he came to San Francisco, field, which contains 300,000 people. in 1874, when there were all told not There are already 65 churches and more than a hundred Japanese in this meeting-places, with 272 full memcountry. He had never heard the Gos- bers, 265 catechumens, 9 day-schools pel nor read the Bible. Dr. Otis Gib- with 162 boys and 29 girls attending. son was working among the Chinese The whole church attends Sundayin that city, and was able to interest school, which has 22 classes. The men a few Japanese also, among whom was meet first, then go home and take care Ogata, and to lead them to Christ. Be- of the children while the women go to ing much interested in him, Doctor their classes. Gibson induced him to enter De Pauw University in 1880." Zeal for Bible Study KOREA Rev. Walter C. Erdman wrote re- centlv from Taiku: "There are be- Not a Million, But Every One tweeil 500 and 600 men enrolled, in addition to many who are not taking Following the "million-souls-for- the full course. These men are in Jesus" campaign in Korea a new here for ten days at their own exmovement has been launched at Seoul, pense, bringing their own rice in sacks, with the watchword, "Not only a mil- for the sole purpose of studying the lion souls for Jesus, but the whole Bible. No other attraction is offered land for Jesus." Several hundred spe- or expected. We have begun a period cial workers opened this campaign last of studies covering ten such annual ·October. These were divided into 350 classes. At the close of the class those teams, two in each team, whose work who have studied throughout the enis to go from house to house preach- tire time are given certificates which ing the Gospel and enrolling seekers. entitle them to enter the next higher In three weeks 10,000 were enrolled. class next year. It is expected to make this work cover the land. Gathering the Shea,,ea A Good Report From Korea Rev. W. R. Harrison writes to The Christian Observer: "An itinerary of A former chief clerk in the Bible 21 days through Kangjin and Chang- House at Yokohama, Mr. T. Hasha- hung counties covered 180 miles, 30 na, now holding a responsible position miles by boat, 30 by pony, and 120 on in the Bank of Korea at Seoul, writes foot. There were the itinerator's usual to Rev. Henry Loomis, the American experiences-the buoyant mornings, Bible Society's representative in Ja- the weary evenings, joy over triumpan, that Christian work in Korea is phant faith, sorrow over besetting sins, and the weaknesses of the flesh. tic woman who Christ was and re- Twelve groups were visited and their ceived the reply, "Perhaps the Sultan work reviewed. Sunday-schools were of Turkey." A colporteur asked a organized, officers appointed, appli- Coptic Christian, "Who created you?"

cants examined, and the sacraments "God," was the answer. "Who re- and discipline administered. Of 174 deemed you?" "I don't understand."

applicants 100 were received as cate- "Who saved you from your sins?" "I chumens, 15 were rejected, 26 were have no sins. I am a plain man who retained as catechumens, and 33 were works daytime in the fields and at baptized. Since the annual meeting night returns home. I have never the total examinations are 567, bap- sinned." "But don't you know of tisms, 86." Christ?" "No, He has never been to A Mis.ionary Church our village." The Coptic priests are, as a rule, The church at Syenchun has chosen a missionary of its own, and pays his opponents of the excellent schools of salary and supports him fully, build- the American Presbyterian Missiori. ing his house, etc. This is in addition They threaten young people who go to their own Korean pastor, whose there with excommunication. When salary they fully pay. it was objected that these Protestants were, at least, better than Mohamme- Korean Christian. a. Giver. dans, the reply came: Our Korean Church has been giv- "I don't know. When a dozen dogs are after you, you can't say that one of ing most freely for the support of the them is better than another." Church. These gifts have increased at the rate of 85 per cent. per year for Their worship is a monotonous, the past five years, until last year it hour-long, singsong in Coptic (for 900 gave $88,857. This amount of money years a dead language), with innumfrom them in their poverty is the erable repetitions of the "Kyrie Elei- son." The lighting of candles plays equivalent of our giving $200,087. a great role here, as in the other East- While the church-membership in Ko- ern churches. A German traveler comrea has increased 1,072 per cent. dur- ments on the striking uncleanness of ing the past ten years, our contribu- the priestly garments on which the tions to their evangelization have in- drippings of candles appear with other creased but 120 per cent., and the grease. number of efficient evangelistic missionaries on the field had increased In short, a poor, disordered, cor- rupted remnant of the old church of from six in 1900 to nine in Septem- Egypt, and yet one which has held to ber, 1910. the name of Christ through twelve NORTH AFRICA centuries of persecution. If it would Reform in the Coptic Church but let other more privileged Chris- One of the hopeful signs of the tians help its people!

times in Egypt is that the young Copts What a Moslem Girl Should Know are organizing a Coptic branch of the Misr-EI-Fatat, a Mohammedan pa- British and Foreign Bible Society, and per, gives a dissertation on the kind hope to bring about reforms in wor- of education a girl of Egypt needs.

ship, doctrine and practise. It needs That is a far-reaching admission, as reforming, says the Record of Chris- heretofore it was not considered a tian Work. The Coptic teaching is that Mohammedan woman was at all in infants dying unbaptized are blind in need of learning. Teachers must be the next life. This extraordinary dog- Egyptian or Turkish. Male teachers ma is based on the text, "Except a man must be fifty years old or more. Girls be born from above he can not see the may enter at the age of five and leave kingdom of God." A worker in the at twelve. Arithmetic in its rudiments English Church Mission asked a Cop- is enough of that branch. Geography is unnecessary, for when a woman Pinetouri: "I can scare away the travels she has her husband or other devil without learning Portuguese." male relative with her. They may study or read the biographies of good Tizore N avess : "People could not women only. They must read all the be saved unless God had given a part passages of the Koran pertaining to of Himself." women. They must learn house-work, cooking (Ii la Turc) , washing and Muti Sikobele: "To teach our chilsimilar things. dren that they must learn, we must first learn ourselves."-Christian Ad- EAST AFRICA vocate.

Lepers in GermaD East Afric:a By Motor Car in Uganda During the past years the German Dr. and Mrs. A. R. Cook paid a visit Government has paid especial atten- to Toro in November, traveling most tion to the lepers within the interior of the way by motor! It was not of German East Africa. It has quite so luxurious, however, as it opened several asylums for them, sounds. The vehicle weighed over which were placed under the care· of two tons, and carried half a ton of the Berlin and the Moravian mission- cargo, and its rate of progress when aries. At first the lepers were suspi- everything was working at its best was cious and refused to use the asylums, eight miles an hour. Their adventures but now they throng them, so that the with the motor, the lovely flower-blos- German Government has been forced soms and butterflies, and the wonderto increase their number considerably. ful views of Ruwenzori were all en- Leprosy in German East Africa is' so joyable; but chiefly so were the signs common that five out of every thou- of progress at the mission stations sand inhabitants are lepers, a fearfully passed en route, at Mityana, with its large percentage. flourishing schools, football ground and swimming bath, and the new brick Native Miuionary Aphorisms church rapidly approaching comple- tion, and at Butiti. At Kabarole they Most interesting is it to note how called on King Daudi Kasagama and naively and pointedly some of the were most cordially received by him converts in the East African mission and his noble-hearted Christian wife, at Inhambane speak of Christianity. Damili.-Church Missionary Review. We cull a few sentiments from a printed calendar from that far-away WEST AFRICA country: "A Mosque in Almost Every Street" Fazenda says: "The missionaries have come and they have divided In order to encourage reading themselves to the people." among the African mission agents, Mr. 'vV. J. Payne, assistant manager William Chabela: "I shall work of the Lagos Book-shop, started a for the Lord and keep on digging." small lending-library at Ijebu Ode. He writes: "Islam is making rapid Paulusi Massinga: "0 Lord, make progress in the Jebu country. When us drunk with the Holy Spirit." Christian work was first started there were not Mohammedans there at all, J aketi Kolesi: "Consenting to sin but now they number thousands. The in your heart ? None of that for the muezzin (an official attached to a members of our church." mosque, whose business it is to call 'the faith ful' to prayer) can be heard Jina Mabunda: "0 Lord, I pray in practically every little village; thee that we may soon have stations while in the town of Ijebu Ode itself as close as ten hours to each other." there is a mosque in almost every street. It is, therefore, very neces- JosefaXalufu : "I wish that I had sary that the Christian workers should five hours in which to preach, for I know something about Mohammedanhave much to say."

Paule Xilalelo: "The missionaries have come and they have put clay on our eyes and now we see." ism, and that they should stir up their dren to sing them. One can not but people to more aggressive work among admire the results of his teaching. It the followers of the False Prophet." is an extraordinary sight, that of a -C. M. S. Gazette. king, himself still heathen, who is giv- Confirmations and Baptisms ing Christian religious instruction."

Early this year Bishop Walmsley A Model African Kin~ spent six weeks in visiting the Mis- A Methodist missionary writes from sions of the Sierra Leone Church in Angola: "The Christian village of the Protectorate. Previous to his visit Hombo is a proof of the power of he held several confirmations in and the Gospel. At daybreak every morn- around Freetown as well as in the ing the horn is blown and the people mission districts. The Bishop writes: assemble at the king's house to hear "Perhaps the most interesting con- the Word of God read, and to praise firmation service was at St. John's, and pray. Witchcraft and supersti- Brookfields, where 45 of the Kroo tion have fallen under the power of people, who had been baptized by the Gospel, and the heathen are taking Bishop Elwin, were confirmed. I bap- knowledge of it. The native church tized on Holy Innocents' Day 119 of at Loanda contributes $17 a month the people at St. John's Church. Their for the support of native workers on earnestness seems wonderful. They a native station in the interior of need our prayers that they may have Angola."

a fuller and more capable supply of SOUTH AFRICA teachers, and that they may become New Attitude of Government missionaries along the coast. I met one of them the other day-a fine Rev. F. R. Bunker writes from Na- man, who had met me on my first tal after his first tour of inspection, landing, and he told me he was thank- that the Government's attitude is most ful to have five weeks at home from unprecedented. The superintendent sea that he might help with transla- of education and the government offi- tion work. On the festival of the cials have been extremely cordial, and Epiphany we had a largely attended one inspector writes : "You and I will and most interesting service at the work ih perfect harmony. The future Cathedral, when 25, some Kroos and is our own if we will only work to- some Temnes, were baptized. It is gether. I would like you now to feel hard to conduct a service in three lan- that I wish to be your coworker, one guages."-C. M. S. Gazette. that you can write and speak to just A Royal Mission Helper as it is in your mind. I shall always be prepared to talk over difficulties Vriting from the Gold Coast, Mis- and new schemes with you in the fusionary Schwartz, of the Basle Soci- ture." This man was once opposed to ety, says: "King Njoya might be missionary work. It should be recalled the most influential missionary membered that the Government of of all the interior. He is himself Natal is paying Mr. Bunker's salary, building a great school for his 500 and the hundred or more teachers who pupils. I have been working for a are under him. In short, we have week at making him doors and win- the privilege of conducting Christian dows, and had to make the plan of schools with the truest spiritual mothe building in order that the doors tive while the Natal Government pays and, windows might fit exactly. N j oya the biIls.-American Board Bulletin. is enchanted with his educational pal- After Thirty·six Years ace, and has given me twenty-five logs for our station. He teaches the school In the thirty-six years of its work himself, relates and dictates Bible the one station has grown to be eight.

stories to the children, composes and the native stations, at which edu- Christian hymns and teaches the chil- cational and evang-eIistic operations are carried on, now number 563; while native pastors separately for the same the schools (which are potent means time, after which the two bodies sat of evangelization) have reached the together. The Sunday following was high figure of 661, with over 1,200 missionary day in all the city's teachers and (in 1909) over 58,000 churches, with a missionary massscholars, being about 57 per cent. of meeting in the town hall in the evenall the pupils in the United Free ing. On July 1st and 2nd were held Church mission schools in all her mis- interdenominational evangelistic consion fields. There are eight congre- ventions for natives in six mission stagations with nearly 8,000 communi- tions, each covering a large section and cants, and as many catechumens. In under a different society. Then, in 1909, the adult baptisms numbered Durban, there was a native industrial 1,751. There were over 24,000 pa- exhibit, and the celebration closed on tients treated.-Livingstonia To-day. July 4th, with a public meeting, over which Lord Gladstone, the Governor- A Boer Missionary Training Sehool General, presided. The spirit which the societies and the white and native The Stofberg Missionary Training Christians ·showed toward the event School of the Transvaal Boers sends was hopeful for the fulfilment of the out its students two by two, as the prayers of the leaders, for great spiriseventy were sent out, to preach in tual awakening, for unity in aim and surrounding hamlets and kraals. Some work between native leaders and misof them go to the Johannesburg com- sionaries, and for a greater public inpounds, where 200,000 heathen are terest in the evangelization of the naengaged in gold-mining operations. tives. These blacks stream hither from all parts of South Africa. Men convert- Livingltonia Liberality ed on the compounds return to the remotest regions of Central Africa. As The liberality of the people is steadthe population in the mines changes ily growing. They build all their own constantly there is here an incompara- schools and churches, some of which ble opportunity for evangelizing work. are handsome structures. Most of the miners are raw savages, with combs, feathers, mustard spoons In 1909 the school and medical fees and what not stuck in their hair for and church collections amounted to ornament, and wearing at times such :£790, being more than one-third of the combinations of clothing as loin cloths local expenses of the work carried on. and broken silk hats. Since the mission began, 67,000 copies of the New Testament and Scripture Diamond Jubilee for the Zulu Missions portions have been bought by the peo- ple.-Livingstonia To-day. The seventy-fifth anniversary of the coming of the Gospel to the Zulus AMERICA through the founding of the Zulu Mission of the American Board is cele- I. the Abolition of War at Hand? brated this month. Other European and American societies have since es- The preliminary draft of the protablished work there, but the American posed arbitration treaty has been sub- Board planned the celebration as a mitted not only to Great Britain, but union movement. The Natal Mission- also to France. A great step in adary Conference, representing most of vance is the omission from the treaty the societies at work in the colony, of the exception of "questions of vital opened the proceedings by a three interest and national honor," all disdays' conference at Maritzburg. The putes being hereafter possible subjects leading thought of the gathering was of arbitration. Regular diplomatic cooperation. The white missionaries negotiations are to be used for all met together for two days, and the questions; and if these fail, questions which are clearly arbitrable will go to the Hague Tribunal; and if there is a missions or any organization connectdoubt whether the question should be ed with them. They could really borarbitrated, a commission, consisting of row money on it." the national representative of both countries at the Hague, will consider A Good Year for Missions the matter, and if they decide in favor of arbitration the matter will be ar- The Southern Baptist Society rebitrated. Our country reserves to the ports: "There were 3,618 baptisms United States Senate final decision on for the year, the largest number in the this last point. history of the Board. Thirty new missionaries were sent out. The The World on Tour brother who sent out the ten mis- sionaries agrees to support them for "The World in Boston" outdid its another year. There are now 273 London prototype. The estimated at- missionaries and 521 native helpers. tendance was 375,000, and instead of The nine theological training schools facing a deficjency of $7,500, the Bos- for women have an enrolment of 350, ton management made both ends lap who are being prepared to labor over. Early next autumn the city of among their own people. More than Providence will have a similar exhibit 40,000 patients have received treatof Oriental missions. In March, 1912, ment in our hospitals. The debt of . Cincinnati expects to reproduce the $89,600 is the only depressing feature entire show, as will Chicago in the of the report." following spring. Toronto, Buffalo, Cleveland, . Kansas City and Saint A Large Presbyterian Reenforcement Louis are considering the desirability of adopting "the World." The Mis- A few weeks since the secretaries sionary Exposition Company will have held a session with nearly a hundred general charge in all cities. A. M. about to sail for their fields: 35 for Gardener, the successful manager of China, 16 for India, 13 for Africa, 10 the World in Boston, is general secre- for Persia, 9 for Korea, 5 for the tary, and his capable helpers, H. D. Philippines, 4 for Mexico, 4 for South Cotton and F. W. Harold, retain their America, 2 for Japan, 3 for Laos, 2 important functions on his staff. for Syria, 2 for Guatemala, one for Siam, and some unassigned. Surely A Secular Paper on Mi.sions this is a world-wide assignment. Choice young men and women are In a recent issue of the Boston these; carefully selected and hand- Transcript appeared an editorial upon picked; accepted after long years of the subject of gifts for foreign mis- consecrated effort to make the best sions. It was called forth by the wills preparation possible; coming from of the late Mrs. Worthington, widow Christian homes and Christian colleges of the Bishop of Nebraska, and of and theological seminaries. Miss Sarah Sage, both of whom gave the bulk of their property to organized United Presbyterian Missions charity and missionary work. "When people get ready to die," says the edi- Dr. Watson, the mission secretary, tor, "they really do some prettY'seri- reports: The membership of the ous thinking, even if it is the first time Church in Egypt, India and the Sudan in their lives. They mean to do good is now 35,000, which equals the memwith their money if they can find the bership of the Church in this country right thing to do. Recently the for- west of the Mississippi~ Over 30,000 eign mission field for bequests has students are in the mission schools. seemed to attract many wealthy men In Egypt alone one-sixth of the total and women. Such a preference is de- number of schools recognized by the cidedly flattering. It is a sort of in- British Government and one-tenth of dorsement, a guarantee, and it be- the enrolment of the schools are in comes a splendid asset for foreign the American mission.

The evangelistic work is in charge of 132 missionaries, and the mission In the Nadroga Circuit 800 houses plants have an aggregate value of were blown down or badly damaged, $3,000,000. The medical work is and £30,000 worth of bananas were conducted in six hospitals and 14 dis- destroyed. In Lomaiviti Circuit one pensaries, and last year 200,000 lives of the largest towns had but two were touched by this work. Attention houses standing "after four hours of was called to the increasing spirit of fury," and so the story might be coninquiry among Mohammedans and the tinued. Every place visited by this great evangelistic work of the native destructive blast could tell its own Indian church. In India alone last record of awful wreck and severe priyear 3,101 converts were received on vation. profession of faith, an increase of 14 per cent. OBITUARY NOTES THE OCEAN WORLD Benjamin BroomhaIl, of London Methodism in the South Pacific One of the early friends and co- workers of Rev. J. Hudson Taylor in Says the A ustralasian Methodist the early days of the China Inland Missionary Review for May: "The Mission, Mr. Benjamin Broomhall, following are the latest statistics of has recently fallen asleep (June 5th), our island missions, showing the great at the age of eighty-one. Mr. Broomharvest gathered from that first seed hall was born in 1829, and married a sowing in Tonga in r822: sister of Hudson Taylor. He saw the work of the China Inland Mission de- Churches …………………………. 1,195 velop from the day when there were Other Preaching Places ….•.. …….••• 739 only 38 members, to the time, twenty years later, when there were 630. He IVlissionaries ….•••….•..•……..••..• 37 was general secretary from February, 5 1879, to April, 1895. He made his Lay Missionaries …………………… home in London a rest house for many missionaries, and five members of his lfissionary SiSll:fS …………….•…..• 22 family devoted their lives to mission- ary work. In character and service Native MInisters …………………..• 106 Mr. Broomhall was a true servant of God. Catechists …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Teachers ………………………..•.• 1,294 John B. Sleman, Jr., of Washington Efacs~ll:~~~~:r.s. : ::: :: : :: : :: : :: ::: ::: :: :: ~:m John B. Sleman, Jr., died at Clifton Springs, N. Y., on July I, as a result English Members …… ________ .. __ ….. _ 101 of a nervous breakdown some months ago. Mr. Slemdn was born in Wash- Native Members ……………………. 40,762 ington' D. c., in 1874, and early Native Members on Trial. . . . . .. .. . … .. .• 6,687 showed a warm interest in the many Catechumens ……..•………………. 12,883 plans for social uplift and religious Sunday-schools ………….. _… _. . . . . • • 1,426 work. In r898 he became general secretary of the Washington Young Sunday-school Teachers ……………… 2,826 Men's Christian Association, and in Sunday-school Scholars …………..•… 34,801 eighteen months raised the member- Day Schools………………………. 1,411 ship from 164 to nearly 2,000. He is Day School Teachers _.. .. . .. . .. . .. … .. .• 2,416 widely known as one of the originators Day School Scholars _…… _. __ . ___ . _. _.. 28,915 and promoters of the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement, about four years Attendants on Public Worship ………… 142,516 ago. He was an earnest, active Chris- tian worker, and his loss will be keenly These figures do not include those felt. of the Methodist Church in Tonga, which is an independent District of the Methodist Church.

A Hurricane in Fiji On the night of March 24 and the day following a devastating hurricane smote a large portion of Fiji, destroying houses, churches and food plantations, and consequently the work in the parts affected has been hindered and disturbed in all its departments. It was with great difficulty and expense that the institutions at Davuilevu were kept going, the whole of their food plantations having been destroyed. In the Rewa Circuit 77 churches were wrecked, and 83 teachers' houses were "blown to ribbons."

THE MISSIONARY

A CHINESE ApPEAL TO CHRISTENDOM CON- alistic propaganda as it is being fur- CERNING CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. By Lin thered in the Far East by the associa- Shao-yang. 8vo. $2.50, net. G. P. tion's periodical, Junri, "Rationalist," Putnam's Sons. New York and Lon- and by the heated streams of quesdon. 1911. tionable "facts" found in the columns As "Letters from a Chinese Of- of a number of Japan's English and ficial," which created so great a sen- vernacular journals, one can well un- sation six years ago, proved to be derstand that a twofold objective is written by an English anti-missionary being served by the volume, that of pen, the authorship of. the present vol- discrediting the missionary enterprise ume is naturally questlOned. Its fault- at home, while at the same time fur- less English, without a suspicion .of nishing New China and New Japan Chinese idiom or mode of thought, Its with an enticing arsenal of anti-Chris- breadth of view, the author's familiar- tian and anti-missionary ammunition.

ity with certain special lines of West- Two b(ites noire receiving marked ern literature, the wide range of gen- attention are the policy of the China eralliterature in more than one tongue, Inland Mission, and at the other that is quoted from, and other less pole, the Hankow Christian University important items militate against its scheme-both of them exceptional va- purported Chinese authorship. So rieties of service which can be easily many other marks of verisimiltude are justified before the public, and yet noted by American Chinese students both of them far from representative that despite the internal evidences of the main work of Christian mis- just' named, they feel certain that it is sions in China. Other items of criti- the product of one of their own nation- cism are either the usual points of ra- ality having the same surname as that tionalistic attack, such as emotional found on the title page; and they con- religion, Christian demonDlogy, hell fidently locate his residence in a promi- and the damnation of the heathen- nent European legation, and point to strange to' say, the authDr does not articles of his having a similar trend. object personally to the word heathen The prevalent view in China itself -prayer, faith, and science, and "Re- would seem to be voiced by the editor ligion, Magic and Word Spells," or of the Shanghai Times, who says: else matters which are growingly dis': "Mr. Lin Shao-yang is undoubtedly cust by the missionaries themselves.

some foreigner who has lived for a The latter class of topics includes ques- number of years in China, or who tions affecting the missionary's atti- has been intimately associated with tude toward the native religions, Chinese interests in England, but he is sometimes verging upon Christian in- not Chinese. The attempts to bolster tolerance and often displaying absolute up the arguments .of the book by r~p­ lack of tact, the relation of mission- resenting them to Issue from the mmd aries to the magistrates when re- of an intelligent Chinese reflects little ligious persecutions arise, the difficult credit upon the Rationalist press." problem of Sunday observance, and The point of view of the writer is the introduction of certain elements made evident by the fact that the of Occidental belief and expression English edition bears upon its title- which are not likely to become page the name of the Rationalist Press naturalized. Mr. "Lin" says on Association as its sponsor, while the this last point: "Offer an alien race American publishers print as a sort the boon of a great ideal, and if the of note of triumph upon its enclosing boon is accepted at all, you need have wrapper, "It is a brilliant arraign- no fear but that its new possessors ment of the illogical attitude of the wiIl give it fitting expression in terms Church in trying to force upon the of their own religious or artistic in- East beliefs which the Christian world stincts. Let China have a share of has outgrown." When one recalls the Christ if you will, but let the Chinese special campaign of this same Ration- construct their own Christology."

It should be further said that the ity. Missionaries will go to the most author writes in a way to give as little inaccessible places, will brave danger- offense as possible to the reader, even ous climates and savage men, but they going so far as to laud the work of find it impossible, except by patient missionaries and to commend the mod- waiting and )Jrayer. to enter fields ern views prevalent in some quarters where strong governments refuse per- to-day. Indeed, an English reviewer mission to enter.

regards the volume as a presentation The strategic importance of some of modernism in its relation to Chi- of these fields is shown by Dr. Zwe- nese miSSions. There is much food mer, and the "Glory of the Impossible"

for thought in some of the positions is held up as an inspiring achieve- taken, and it reveals to the Christian ment.

public in a very vivid way the objec- The book is full of natural informa- tions which Christianity has to meet tion, interest and inspiration. It makes in newly awakened nations. If read an ideal text-book for young people's by a well-balanced, fully-informed man, classes.

it can do the cause no harm; as read and quoted by those with antipathies STUDIES IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF SOUTH for Christian missions, it will occasion much loss of what little interest they AFRICA. By G. B. A. Gerdener. 12mo. 212 pp. 2s. 6d. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1911.

may have previously felt. South Africa is sometimes counted THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FrELDS OF AFRICA a Christian Idnd, and there are many AND ASIA. By Rev. S. M. Zwemer, professing Christians there among the D.D., F.R.G.S. Maps and illustrations. British and Boers, but there is still 8vo. 260 pp. $1.25. Student Volun- there an immense unfinished taskteer Movement, New York, 1911. and a difficult one. The South Afri- This volume, like the latest book by can missionary situation presents com- John R. Mott, is the outcome of plex problems, and even students of studies connected with the report of missions do not generally understand Commission Number One of the Edin- the difficulties that this field presents.

burgh Missionary Conference. Dr. Some of these come from the pres- Zwemer gives us the result of careful ence of the Briton and politcal prob- study and wide correspondence. The lems, others come from the presence hearts of two continents are still prac- of the Boer and social problems, others tically unoccupied by messengers of come from the Africans themselves the Gospel. Indeed, the same thing is (native and foreign), and the religious true of a third continent, for the cen- problems, while still others come from ter of South America is also in dark- the presence of foreigners in general, ness. Dr. Zwemer describes the con- and commercial problems.

ditions in the great unoccupied fields Mr. Gerdener, who is an able, wide- like Siberia, Mongolia, Turkestan, awake writer, is the general secretary Tibet, Afghanistan, the Sudan, North- of the Students' Christian Association ern Nigeria, Abyssinia, and Arabia. of South Africa. He gives us a c1ear- He then takes up the smaller fields, cut view of the situation, and seeks to like Malaysia, Vvestern Sumatra, the stimulate further systematic study. The Barbary States, and parts of India, Edinburgh Conference declared that China and Central Africa. the "crucial question is simply whether The reasons why these fields are still the missionary bodies at work in South unoccupied are manifold-physical re- Africa will readjust their operations moteness, political opposition, religious so as to secure an effective occupation barriers, climatic conditions, and sav- of the whole field." The question is age hostility. The greatest, most in- how to make the occupation effective.

surmountable obstacles are, however, Mr. Gerdener first considers the those imposed by men whose political question of the native and his need of or religious poltcv noposes Olristian- evangelization, then the present state

of ferment in South Africa, and the WITH CHRIST IN RUSSIA. By Robert S Ethiopian movement; he discusses the Latimer. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25. Hod: status of the natives, legally and spiri- der & Stoughton, New York and Lontually, and shows what is needed to don, 1911. finish the task of evangelization. The book is well worth careful study. The work here described is, for the most part, that conducted by Rev. ASPECTS OF ISLAM. By Duncan B. Mac- Wm. Feder, of St. Petersburg. It is an Donald, D.D. 12mo. 375 pp. $1.50, example of what one consecrated serv- net. The Macmillan Co., 1911. ant of God can do and is doing. Mr. Latimer visited Russia recently, and The author of this new study of Is- saw fur himself the conditions and scenes which he here pictures. He lam is professor of Semitic Languages corroborates the testimony of John R. Matt, that Russia is passing through in Hartford Theological Seminary, a great religious as well as political and social crisis, and there is an unand has written several other volumes usual and wide-spread opportunity to reach students, especially with the in Moslem theology, law and religion. GospeL The story that Mr. Lah.ner tells is out of the ordinary, and is well The present volume consists of the told, with enthusiasm and interesting detail. The style is conversational. Lamson lectures for 1909. They pre- The facts given wilI open the eyes of many who think that evangelical sent the subject in an elementary Christian work is impossible in the land of the Czar. There are many rather than in a scientific way, and centers 6f Christian activity, and many Protestant Christians in all classes of are of especial interest and value to society-Baptist, Methodist, and Epis- copalians. The obstades placed in the those who plan to work in Moslem way of evangelical work are many and great, but they by no means prove lands. disheartening or insurmountable.

The subjects considered in this ele- Mr. Latimer has given us the best, and almost the only account of presmentary volume include the Moslem ent-day missionary work in Russia.

lands, Mohammed himself, the Koran, JOHN G. PATON, D.D. Later Years and Farewell. By A. K. Langridge, and Moslem theology and mystical life, the his son, Frank H. L. Paton. 111us- trated. 12mo. 286 pp. $1.25. Hodattitude of Moslems toward Christ der & Stoughton, London and New York. and the Scriptures, Christian missions Those who have followed the thrillto Moslems, etc. Dr. MacDonald ing career of the Late John G. Paton, pioneer missionary to the New Hebseems to deal with his subject fairly rides, will be interested in these clos- ing chapters of his life. They have and to judge Mohammed fairly and not, however, much of peculiar interest and value. Dr. Paton's active aggresgive full credit to the value of the sive work stept at about the time of his visit to the Ecumenical Confer- Koran. The book is of interest to stu- ence in New York in 1900. These chap- ters tell of Dr. Paton's visit to AmertdiecnaltspoufrpIoslsaemaJnbduvt iittalhafsorncoet the prac- ica in the interests of the suppression contained of the Kanaka slave traffic, and of the liquor traffic in the New Hebrides. in some of the writings by Dr. Zwe- mer and others.

GOD'S PLAN FOR THE WORLD'S REDEMPTION. By Charles R. Watson. 12mo. 225 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, Philadel- phia, 1911.

The real basis for missionary education, the missionary motive and missionary endeavor is the Word of God. Dr. Vatson gives us here a hand book, the aim of which is to give the missionary message of the Bible. There are many others with a similar purpose, but none more simple and forceful, more convincing and progressive. We wish that every Christian would digest the contents of these studies. Then there would be no more difficulty as to men and money for missions.

He afterward revisited his island MISSIONARY HEROES OF THE LUTHERAN mission field, journeyed round the CHURCH. Edited by L. B. Wolf, D.D. world again at the age of 76, and finally Illustrated, lZmo, 246 pp. 75 cents. passed to his reward from Australia Lutheran Publication Society, Phila- delphia, 1911.

on January 28, 1907, at the age of 84. FIVE REASONS WHY. By Brewer Eddy. He was strenuous in his activities to (Envelop Series.) April, 1911. Amerithe end, and a month before his death can Board of Commissioners for Forhad engaged in deputation work, driv- eign Missions, Boston, Mass. ing many miles, and often not going to bed until I or 2 A.M. Dr. Paton was FOREIGN MISSIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH an apostle, indeed; his life was full of AMERICA. Report of Eighteenth Conblessing, and even this account of the ference of Foreign Missions Boards, last decade, is full of inspiration. United States and Canada. 1911. 25 cents. Foreign Missions Library, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

NEW BOOKS THE WORLD ATLAS OF CHRISTIAN MIS- SIONS. Edited by Harlan P. Beach, AMONG THE TRIBES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA. James S. Dennis, and Charles H. Fahs. By Samuel RClarke. Illustrated, Quarto. $4.00. Student Volunteer 1Zmo, 315 pp. 3s. 6d., net. China In- Missionary Movement, 1911. land Mission, London and Philadel- phia, 1911. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN BURMA. By Rev. W. C. B. Purser. lZmo. 2s., net. S. GLEANINGS FROM FIFTY YEARS IN CHINA. P. G., London, 1911. By the late Archibald Little. $2.50, STRANGE SIBERIA. By Marcus L. Taft. net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadel- 16mo, Z59 pp. $1.00, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911. phia, 1911.

LION AND DRAGON IN NORTHERN CHINA. VIEWS OF HARBIN AND THE PLAGUE EPI- DEMIC. Commercial Press, Ltd., By R. F. Johnston. l11ustrated. $5.00. Shanghai, 1911. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 1911.

STUDIES IN CHINESE RELIGION. By E. H. WILLIAM SCOTT AMENT. By Henry D. Port~r, M.D. 8vo, 377 pp. $1.50, net. Parker. Illustrated. $3.00. E. p. Flemmg H. Revell Co., 1911.

Dutton & Co., New York, 1911.

CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By L. Crowther. MEXICO AND OUR MISSION. By James G. Illustrated, 12mo, 96 pp. Is. 6d., net. Dale. lZmo, 272 pp. $1.25. Sowers Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edin- Printing Co., Lebanon, Pa., 1911. burgh, 1911. THEORY AND PRACTISE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. NEGRO LIFE IN THE SOUTH. By W. D. Weatherford. Student Volunteer By James M. Buckley. 12mo, 151 pp. Movement, New York. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 1911.

IN THE SHADOW OF THE DRUM TOWER. By THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY CONCERT. Laura DeLany Garst. Illustrated, 16mo, 136 pp. 50 cents. Foreign Chris- By John F. Goucher. 12mo, Z02 PP.. tian Missionary Society, Cincinnati, 151 pp. 75 cents, net. Eaton & Mains, 0., 1911. 1911.

THE ROMANCE OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE. By IN A FAR COUNTRY (INDIA). By H. B. John T. Faris. Illustrated, 16mo, 63 Gunn.. lZmo, 244 pp. $1.00, net. pp. 25 cents, net. Presbyterian Board Amencan Baptist Publication Society, of Publication, Philadelphia, 1911. 1911.

CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST? By CONSER':ATION OF NATIONAL IDEALS. By Norman MacLean. Zs. 6d., net. Hod- various 'authors. lZmo, 187 pp. 50 der & Stoughton, London, 1911. cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1911. INDIAN UNREST. By Valentine ChiroI. 5s., net. Macmillan & Co., London and BAPTISTS MOBILIZED FOR MISSIONS. By A. New York, 1911. L. Va}!. lZmo, 176 pp. 75 cents, net. THE AWAKENING OF INDIA. By J. Ramsay Macdonald. 55. Hodder & Stough- Amencan Baptist Publication Society ton, London, 1911. 1911. '

THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. A Brief Com- THE GALMC GATHERERS. The Gospel parative Study of Christianity and N on-Christian Religions. By Robert Among the Highlanders. By E. O. E. Speer. Illustrated, 12mo, 372 pp. Guerrant. 12mo, 220 pp. Onward 50 cents, net. M. H. Leavis, West Press, Richmond, Va., 1911. Medford, Mass., 1911. REPORT OF THE YORK (FRIENDS') CONFER- ENCE. 12mo, 268 pp. Is. 3d., net.

Friends' Foreign Mission Association ' London, 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1911

TAPPAN

"Absent from the body • • • at home with the Lord"

'The fMiss{onary CJ?.eview

of the World Published by Funk and Wagnalh Company (Isaac }{. Funk, Prell., A. W. WA-gnaIIe, Vice-Pres., Robert J. Cuddihy, Traas., Robert Scott, Sec',.), 44-&0 E. 23d St•• New York VOL. XXXIV. No. 7 JULY, I9I1 VOL. XXIV. No.7 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY THREATENED will be possible for a mandarin who IN CHINA dislikes Christianity to instruct the police to harry every Christian meeting As a whole, the outlook in China is held within his jurisdiction. reassuring, and there are indications that the people have not merely no MORE COOPERATION IN CHINA desire to persecute the Church, but are also willing to admit that the In 1907 the Shanghai Missionary Christian Truth is worthy of a re- Conference adopted a resolution to spectful hearing. During the last few the effect that "for the sake of economonths, however, there has been a my in the use of money, to increase gathering cloud. With the growth of the efficiency of the teaching staff, and the idea among the people that China to draw the educated young men of is ready for parliamentary govern- the church into a closer mutual felment, the necessity has arisen for the lowship, we recommend. where condiauthorities to place limitations on the tions admit, cooperation in theological right of public meeting. According to teaching ." the law, any police officer may regulate, forbid, or disperse any open-air Now at Nanking, three theological meeting or any meeting in an assembly seminaries, representing four denomihall. The police officer is the arbiter nations (the Methodist, the Disciples, in the question as to whether a particu- the Presbyterian, North, and the Preslar meeting is likely to disturb the byterian, South), are to form a Union peace or not, and the decision of the Bible School to do the work of all officer is conclusive, except in a case these institutions, except that which is where he acts maliciously. technically denominational.

It will be clear at once what a dif- The Bible School is to have its own ference there will be in the situation if board of managers separate from the the claim is substantiated that Chris- seminaries. Each theological school tian meetings are within the scope of will also retain its board, its constithis regulati<?n. This would mean that tution, its faculty, and its students. In all missionary gatherings, whether in practical operation, there will be one the open air or indoors, whether of institution modeled after the New a few people round a colporteur at a York Bible Teachers' Training School. The faculty will be a single unit, each man having his department and teach- street corner or of a large number in ing united classes except in the abovea hall, would be at the mercy of a mentioned courses. It will be practipolice officer who, in tum, is at the cally one Bible school. mercy of a high official. In a word, it The secret of this cooperation is found in the following sentence quoted China, and that they will contribute from the Right Rev. Bishop Graves, much to the harmonious development of Shanghai: of the nation and the progressive do- mestic and foreign policies. An emi- "I have been engaged in training nent Chinese statesman, Liang Tun men for the ministry ever since I Yen, a Yale graduate, is to be Mincame to O1ina, and experience has ister of Foreign Affairs. taught me that the best way to teach theology is to make the Bible the cen- There has also been announced the ter of all the teaching, and to devote signing of the China-British opium the greatest amount of time to giving agreement, which confirms the plan the students the fullest knowledge of to reduce each year proportionately the Old and New Testaments, and in the Chinese production and importaaddition to teach all other branches of tion of opium until the traffic shall theology with constant reference to cease entirely-not later than the the Holy Scriptures. In this way the year 1917. These are signs of moral training is made more real and prac- and material progress in China, and tical." spiritual progress is not lacking.

This Union Bible School at Nan- LIBERTY IN THE PHILIPPINES king is the first of a proposed series of mergers in religious education for The Bureau of Education in the China. Philippine Islands have issued an or- der directing American school-teach- On the invitation of the committee, ers to take no part in religious work appointed at Shanghai last September, even outside of school hours. This for the promotion of Bible study, ap- prohibits a Christian American schoolpointed by the Shanghai Conference teacher from taking a Sunday-school in 1907, Dr. W. W. Vhite, of New class in his own church, or from con- York, is on his way to make his second ducting a Bible class in his own house. visit to the Far East. They are especially warned not to en- courage the study of the Bible. This CHINA'S NEW CABINET ruling practically prohibits the exer- cise of religious lioerty by school- The Prince Regent of China has teachers, and seems to put a premium finally named a cabinet for the gov- on atheism or non-religion among ernment of the main departments of those who are to instruct the children the empire. Prince Cheng is to be of the Philippines. Earnest Christian the premier, and there are to be two teachers, whose influence would be assistant premiers, and ten other most valuable, will be slow thus to members. Heretofore the heads of surrender their right to bear witness the government departments have been to their Lord Jesus Christ. independent of each other; now they will work together. There can not An American resident in the Philipbe any real hope for a satisfactory re- pines declares that this order practisult until the final establishment of cally applies only to Protestant teachthe parliament with full legislative ers, since only they are reprimanded. powers, but this is a step in the Roman Catholic teachers are not inright direction. It is expected that terfered with, and go on tours with the new cabinet will help materially their bishop, engage in church work, to solve the financial problems of

19II ] SIGNS OF THE

and in other ways help forward Ro- whether they yield returns at all comman Catholicism. Is the American mensnrate with the money spent on Government to follow the lead of them, will do well to look up the work Great Britain, whose laws and repre- of this one missionary in Negros sentatives favor Islam in Egypt and Island, whose eight years' work and the Sudan as against Christianity? leadership have yielded this astonish- Religious liberty should include the ing result of 25 New Testament right to teach and preach any doctrine churches with so many evidences of that is not subversive of morals. vitality and strength, and of so much promise as an evangelizing force for OPEN DOORS IN THE PHILIPPINES the future."

After eight years of work in N e- SLAVE-RAIDING IN ABYSSINIA gros Island the Baptist missionary, Rev. A. A. Forshee, has brought to- The onward march of civilization gether 25 New Testament churches has not yet entirely driven out the with memberships ranging from 20 to horrors of the slave traffic from Af- 200 members each. Such results show rica. "Man's inhumanity to man" is how wide a door of opportunity is still shown in the rubber districts of opened in the Philippine Islands, and the Belgiar. Kongo, in some Portuit also shows something of the respon- guese territory, and in Abyssinia. Resibility for thorough work in this new cently a missionary in India received mission field. Three hundred new a letter from one who has been tramembers were received by baptism in veling in Abyssinia, whose reliability this one missionary's district last year. is vonched for by the Bombay Guar- Cooperating with him are four or- dian. This traveler says: dained Filipino Baptist ministers and upward of a dozen unordained "We met slavery in some of its workers. worst forms on our j ourne) . The Abyssinians raid all the black tribes The program of the Baptist Asso- along their borders and carry off ciation includes a session of two full .women and children. The latter fall days of Bible study, praise, conse- the most easy prey, and the result is cration and preaching services; with that one sees whole caravans comtime for reports from each of the 25 posed almost entirely of children from churches; with a full half-day's ses- two to eight years of age, driven like sion of conference for the ministers; flocks of sheep along the road. They and with a full session devoted to the are not clad, and, coming from the hot women. One Filipino lady was given lowlands to the plateau, suffer badly half an hour to discuss "The Value of from the cold. They march five hours the Life of a Child." At the last and more a day; and to see babies of session of the association several can- two and perhaps under, with their didates were to be ordained to the little fists clenched, their small bodies ministry. bent forward, while they scramble along with a crab-like movement try- Rev. Charles W. Briggs, who sends ing to keep up with the rest of the this report, says: "Some of our busi- party, is pitiful. A child of seven or ness men who may be in doubt as to eight not only carries himself, but has whether missionaries on our foreign some sort of a burden on his back, or fields are paying investments, and as to

a heavy rifle on his shoulder. Be- the evangelistic meetings was large, sides this, many Abyssinians are very and the interest intense. His adcruel indeed to their slaves, and treat dresses on "Neglect" and on "Tempthem horribly." tation," 'iSin," and "The Way of Es- cape" gript the students mightily. Is it not time that the Christian na- At the close of all address on "Detions who are advocating peace police cision" over 130 names were given in Africa and see to it that this horrible of students who exprest a desire to traffic in human beings is ended? follow Christ.

GOOD NEWS FROM MADAGASCAR RUSSIA AND THE JEWS After the years of difficulties in the Another campaign of persecution way of Protestant missionaries in against the Jews is in progress in Madagascar and the petty persecutions Russia. This time it is a quiet, underof native Christians upon that great handed effort to drive out Hebrews island by the official representatives from education and business. Condiof the French Government, a better tions have become very serious in day seems to have dawned for the Kieff, Cherson, Bessarabia, Chernigof Protestants there. The Governor- and elsewhere, and protests are being general, appointed a short. time ago as sent to St. Petersburg from America successor to the enemy of Protestant and Europe. The Berlin correspondmissions, shows that he is at least im- ent of the London Christian World partial and will do nothing to hinder says: freedom of worship. Not long ago, a certain official refused to permit the "An old law of the time of Alexrebuilding of a church building by ander II confines the Jews to certain native Christians, but an appeal to districts in Southwestern Russia. headquarters caused almost immedi- Only those Jews were allowed to ately the issuing of an order that he travel beyond the Pale who were in a must not hinder the native Christians position to pay the fees of a first in their work of church-erection. Thus gild merchant, amounting to $300 a the Lord has answered our prayers year, or who could prove that they for Madagascar, and we may expect practised a skilled trade. This, at to hear soon of great progress of the least, was what the law provided. But Gospel there. during the period which has elapsed since the promulgation of this law, JOHN R. MOTT IN THE NEAR EAST the artizans who escaped from the Pale have grown old and decrepit, and are Reports of spiritual awakenings and no longer able to carryon their trade. deepened interest in religion and Bible These worn-out workers are now bestudy come from Egypt, Syria, and ing hurried back to the Pale, and the the continent of Europe in connec- police, in their anti-Semitic zeal, know tion with the visits of Dr. John R. nothing of mercy. Since the law of Mott. In Cairo and Assiut the in- Alexander II, numerous Jewish famterest was very marked and the larg- ilies crossed the Pale with the object est halls were filled with young men of getting their children educated in who came to listen to addresses on good schools. In a large number of spiritual themes. In Beirut, President cases they bribed the police to wink Bliss reports that the attendance at

OF THE

at their transgressions of the barba- important movement almmg at the ,rous laws of the Pale. After the lapse conquest of a larger freedom of of thirty years, the authorities have thought and research, which is going ~egun to inquire as to the right of on within the Roman Catholic Church, domicile of these people, and here is not without influence on the best again no mercy is shown. part of our religiously inclined stu- "The domicile laws, however, are dents.

only one example of the pressure The great problem in face of tIlis which is now being brought on the mass of young men, who in a few Russian Jew. A measure which the years will be the leaders of public representatives of the Russian no- life in Italy, is this: How to reach bility have introduced into the Duma them. Many universities have not a asks that no Jew be permitted to ac- single Protestant among their matric- quire land by purchase or even to hire ulated students; and where there is it for farming purposes. All Jews are such, he is not always in sympathy to be excluded from the learned pro- with the student movement. Liberal fessions, and the number of Jewish Roman Catholic young men, who be- students attending high schools and gin to interest themselves in religious universities is to be further reduced." questions do not want to have any- THE STUDENTS OF ITALY AND thing to do with Protestantism, but RELIGION it is among them that there is the greatest opportunity for progress. Rev. Professor Giovanni Luzzi, of Florence, gives some interesting facts CHURCH AND STATE IN PORTUGAL in a recent number of The Student The Portuguese Cabinet concluded Warld, in regard to the students of in April the decree of separation re- Italy. There are now some 34 uni- garding the Church and State. The versities, many of which are weak and main points of the decree are: insignificant. The total number of The State concedes entire liberty students is about 30,000, the largest of all sects, the Roman Catholic creed number being found in Naples (6,000) ceasing to be the State religion from and the smallest in Ferrara (87). The the date of the promulgation. The nominal religion is Roman Catholi- beneficed clergy will continue to re- cism, but there are a few Jews and ceive their stipends until July I, after Protestant <:;hristians. This is what which they will be paid pensions.

might be expected when in a total The property necessary to the cele- population of 32,500,000 there are only bration of public worship will be ceded 60,000 Protestants and 400,000 Jews to the clergy free of cost. All the (both together counting only I in Portuguese and foreign clergy t11- 325). But from a true religious point gaged in religious work will continu~ of view the vast majority of students as hitherto, but all others must obtain are without religion. Now, however, authorization. All religious property a new wave seems to be passrng over which is proved to belong to private the universities. Gross materialism individuals, either Portuguese or for- seems to be declining, and spiritual eign, will be respected. British and tendencies are growing stronger other foreign seminaries will be al- among professors and students. The lowed to remain, but those connected

with the seminaries will not be al- better conditions, with fairer elections, lowed in the streets in clerical garb. freer press and speech, more just courts of justice, better commercial As the Roman Catholic denomina- and industrial conditions, and more tion will no longer be the State re- educational and religious privileges. ligion, priests may marry. These latter are especially important, as without them Mexico must lapse This decree means greater liberty into barbarism. There is great need for Protestant missions in Portugal. of further education under positively One of the important lines of work is Christian auspices. Mexicans apprethat carried on by the Young Men's ciate the training that is offered in Christian Association, which during Protestant mission schools, and the the last 20 years has been taking deep- large majority of pupils in these are er and deeper root in the country. from Roman Catholic families, pay- With this larger liberty, it is hoped ing tuition for instruction that inthat there will soon be a greater ex- cludes the study of the Bible. The tension of the work. graduates of these schools are their best recommendation. THE PRESENT OUTLOOK IN MEXICO SCOTCH LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT The insurrection, or revolution, as it may now be called, is nominally Representatives of the Scottish over in Mexico, but the country has Episcopal Church have been inspired not yet settled into a state of peace by the success of the Laymen's Moveand prosperity. Some of the revolu- ment in America to form an organizationist soldiers who have been living tion on similar lines. An attempt is by war and pillage, dislike to return being made first to secure the services to a life of peace and hard work, but of an honorary secretary and of a it is hoped that all may be persuaded small committee of laymen in each to do so. parish in order to spread information and excite interest in Christian mis- Of the 16,000,000 Mexicans, about sions. The central committee hopes one-third are Indian, one-tenth white, to send selected speakers wherever and the remainder are of mixed blood. they are asked to do so by the local The great majority speak Spanish, committees. In a leaflet issued by the but 20 or 30 Indian tribes preserve central committee it is pointed out their ancient languages. There are that while the average contribution of untaught millions of peons who are each member of the church toward illiterate and know neither the Gos- home expenses is $4.00, the average pel nor civilized methods of life. Even contribution toward foreign missions intelligent Roman Catholics recognize is only 18 cents. It is urged that this the paganism of multitudes of the sum ought immediately to be increased people, and large numbers who were three or fourfold. The movement has once" members of the Roman Church the cordial support of the bishops of are now atheists, agnostics, and free- the Scotch Church and of the Scotch thinkers. Board of Missions.

It is expected that out of the disturbed political conditions will emerge

HOME-GOING OF THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

REV. ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON, D.O., PASSES AWAY AT HIS BROOKLYN HOME "Willing rather to be absent from the body and to be at home with the Lord."-2 Corinthians 5: 8.

On October 12th last, the editor- aries and other Christians and the op- in-chief left his Brooklyn home, with portunity to see the progress of the Mrs. Pierson and his daughter, Miss Kingdom, more than repaid for any Anna Pierson, to make a long-desired suffering and sacrifice that he endured.

visit to the mission stations of the He was also able to distribute ju- Orient. He was in great physical diciously several thousand dollars that weakness, but his desire to see and he had reserved or had been entrusted report on the actual conditions in with him for this purpose. The Young Asiatic mission fields was so keen Men's Christian Associations in Japan, and the leadings of God to indicate schools, hospitals, Bible work and that the time had come to make the evangelistic work in Japan and Korea, journey were appa.rently so clear that were materially helped in this way.

he believed it a duty and a privilege Dr. Pierson was also able to deliver to accept the opportunity offered for some lectures and addresses, and to the first time in his life. For several preach several times in various cen- years Dr. Pierson had been suffering ters in Japan and in Seoul, the Ko- from physical weakness, and more rean capital. Finally, however, the than once physicians gave little hope physicians advised his immediate re- of his being able again to enter active turn to a more equable climate, and service. But his strong will, his faith on February 1st he sailed for America in God's power and purpose for his by way of the Hawaiian Islands, in life, his great desire to continue in company also with his daughter, Mrs.

service, and his faithful use of every Curtis, and with her husband, Rev.

right means to regain and maintain Frederick S. Curtis, of Korea.

bodily and mental vigor, had re- After two months' rest in Los An- peatedly been used by the Heavenly geles at the home of his long-time Father for his partial recovery, to the friends, Rev. and Mrs. Thomas C.

astonishment of physicians. It was Horton, it was deemed safe and wise natural, therefore, that there should to bring Dr. Pierson home to Brook- be strong hope that the journey round lyn. He finally arrived there on April the world might be successfully com- 25th, but he was not to be long with pleted, and that the change of scene us, for after six weeks he passed on and opportunities for service would to his Heavenly home, on Saturday bring renewed strength. morning, the third of June.

The journey across the Pacific was Those who knew Dr. Pierson under- unusually rough and taxing, and the stand something of his high ideals, visit to Japan and Korea was marked his unflinching adherence to God and by constant ill health-much of the the truth at whatever cost, his great time under the care of nurses and love for Christ and for the souls of physicians. In spite of this, however, men, and his untiring energy in study Dr. Pierson was enabled to see much and in service. MallY times before of the work, and wrote repeatedly that his Home-going he said: "If I can the priVilege of meeting the mission- only regain strength enough to con-

tinue to work for God, I hope to be was led to devote himself to God and more faithful than I have ever been." His service during a meeting in He longed to recover, that he might Princeton, conducted by Dr. Pierson, serve; but, tho he loved wife and spoke of his friend's world-wide in- family intensely, if he could not serve terests and work, and Dr. John Henry God and men, he had no wish to lin- Jowett, pastor of the Fifth Avenue ger. During his last days of illness, Presbyterian Church, New York, a when fever, pain and weakness racked close personal friend, spoke in behalf his body and his hold on life seemed to of many in Great Britain, and empha- be very slight, words of scripture and sized especially Dr. Pierson's love for prayer were continually on his lips. the Bible and his influence and con- "That we might be partakers of His tributions in the line of Bible study.* holiness" was many times repeated The interment was in Greenwood during the last days, and God's help Cemetery, Brooklyn, the honorary was besought to endure the pain. At pall-bearers being .. Rev. Qeland B.

last, however, he quietly slipt away McAfee, D.D., pastor of the Lafayette without regaining consciousness, and Avenue Presbyterian Church, Brook- the last look on his face betokened lyn; Rev. Henry W. Frost, of Phila- peace and joy. Dr. Pierson never delphia, home director of the China spared himself. He was indefatigable Inland Mission; Rev. Charles R. Erd- as a student of the Bible, and burned man, D.D., of Princeton Theological himself out in service for God and Seminary; Rev. John McDowell, of men. Newark; Mr. Ralph L. Cutter, and The main facts and results of the Mr. Frank H. Marston, of Brooklyn, character and life of this Man of God Mr. William R. Moody, of East will be given more fully in the next Northfield, Mass., and Mr. Alwyn number of the REVIEW, which will be Ball, Jr., of Rutherford, N. J.

a memorial number. Friends and fel- The host of friends at the services, low workers in various fields of labor, the flood of telegrams, letters and in America and England, have been floral wreaths bore beautiful tribute to asked to contribute incidents and esti- the love and honor in which Dr. Pier- mates of his life, character and work. son's name is held, and many have The funeral services took place in been the testimonies to new life and the Bedford Presbyterian Church, new inspiration received through his Brooklyn, on Tuesday afternoon, June bookst and addresses, and through 6th, at four o'clock. They were con- personal contact with him. The ducted by Rev. S. Edward Young, physician who devotedly cared for D.D., the pastor. Rev. Wilson him, the nurse who tenderly minis- Phraner, D.D., a lifelong friend, and tered to his wants, and the undertaker a boyhood pastor and teacher of Dr. who helped to layaway the worn-out Pierson, led in prayer, and gave some body in its last resting-place, all alike notable incidents connected with his bore witness to the influence of Dr.

early life. Dr. John F. Carson, mod- Pierson on their lives. Many, who erator of the Presbyterian General • Report of the addresses at the funeral service Assembly, read appropriate Scripture messages; Dr. Robert E. Speer, who will also appear in our August number.

t The list of Dr. Pierson's writings will be given in the next number of the REVIEW.

were unknown to him personally, came Central America, is now a physician to weep as they thought that never in Waterbury, Conn. One daughter, again would they listen to his words. Anna, has been actively engaged in But the Home-going of this true Christian work, and has devoted her- servant of God was not a time for self to ministering to her parents at mourning. His death was as trium- home and on their many journeys.

phant as his life. He had finished Another daughter, Mrs. Thomas St.

the work God had given him to do, Clair Evans, the wife of the director and for him "to live was Christ and of the Christian work at the Univer- to die is gain." sity of Pennsylvania, is herself also Dr. Pierson was born in New York active as one of the directors of the City on March 6, 1837, and was, there- University Settlement in Philadelphia.

fore, 74 years of age at the time of Last July Dr. Pierson joyfully cele"

his departure. He was graduated at brated the fiftieth anniversary of his Hamilton College in 1857, and at the wedding, and of his ordination to the Union Theological Seminary, New Christian ministry. His influence and York, in 1860. He served successively the consistency of his life with his be- churches in Binghamton and Troy, liefs and teachings is perhaps best N. Y., Detroit, Mich., Indianapolis and shown in the fact that each one of Philadelphia. Later he gave up pastor- the home circle is actively engaged in ates and preached in London and else- work for the Master whom the father where. He became editor of the MIS- so lovingly and faithfully honored and SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in served.

1888, and his writings on missions and Only ten days before Dr. Pierson the Bible are known all over the world. was called home, the General As- His lectures and addresses, sermons sembly of the Presbyterian Church, and books have been greatly blest. in session at Atlantic City, ordered He leaves a greatly beloved wife, the following telegram of greeting Sarah Frances Benedict, whom he sent to him: married July 12, 1860, and six chil- "The General Assembly of the Pres- dren. One daughter, Louise, passed byterian Church in the United States on in advance of her father, from her of America, at the close of a session field of work in India. Of the remain- devoted to Foreign Missions, sends ing children, Mrs. Frederick S. Cur- you affectionate greetings, and ex- tis has been for 22 years a missionary presses its gratitude to God for the in Korea; Miss Laura W. Pierson has service you have been enabled to ren- been successively a home missionary der by voice and pen toward the among the Indians and the Mexicans world-wide extension of the Re- in the Southwest, and is now work- deemer's Kingdom. We beseech the ing among the mountaineers at Clear Great Head of the Church that He will Creek, W. Va. One son, Delavan grant you the richest comforts of His Leonard Pierson, of Brooklyn, has grace, and if it be His wiII, will give been managing editor of the MIS- you restoration of strength for further SIONARY REVIEW for the past 20 years, labors in the Gospel. We salute you and the other son, Farrand Baker in the spirit of Romans 8: 28-31."

Pierson, for a time a missionary in i Following this resolution, Robert

E. Speer led in prayer, the substance and that 'their works follow with of which was as follows: them '-as the Greek indicates: to go as a companion. 'Labors' are here "Our Father, we come to Thee in contrasted with 'works.' Labors prayer and love for one who· many mean toil, 'works' mean blessed acyears ago, seeing the carelessness and tivity. Rest is given from all vexaindifference of Church, saw also a tious toils, but all joyous activities go . great vision, and raised a prophetic with them. I believe that if I 'die voice for the extension of Thy King- in the Lord' that I shall leave behind dom. . . We thank Thee for his all vexatious trials, but that all gra- Godly life and world-wide sympathies. cious activities will go with me. I ex- Give him, we pray Thee at this even- pect to go to more active service. I tide of life, the peace which Thou have a desire to depart and be with alone canst give. Spare his life if it Christ, but I also have a desire to please Thee, to serve Thee yet in Thy abide in the flesh because of the needs vineyard. If this be not Thy will, we I see for work in God's Kingdom. pray that his mantle may fall on some others who shall yet come after him. "If I am taken, I wish to be laid away where I fall. I desire no enco- May there be a long line miums, only the simple reading of raised up, with a yet larger vision, God's Word. Should anything be who will give their simple trust and said, let it be only this, that to the last loyal service to his Lord and ours. I gave a faithful testimony to the love and power and faithfulness of God. . Grant Thy richest blessings, Let there be no mourning, nothing but we pray Thee, on those who shall rise rejoicing that I have been called to up and follow him, in carrying out higher service." our Lord's purposes for the world." A MISSIONARY SONG On March 5th, at Los Angeles, Cal., the day before Dr. Pierson's birthday; I go among unloving hearts. he was speaking to his son-in-law, Mr. Lord, go Thou with me there, Curtis, on the passage in Revelation 14: 13. "And I heard a voice from And let me breathe Thy love alway, Heaven saying, Write, Blessed are the Just as I breathe the air. dead that die in the Lord from henceforth; yea, saith the Spirit that they Let each day's hard and thankless task may rest from their labors; for their Be Temple-work for Thee, works follow with them." He said: And every meal a Eucharist "Blessed are the dead-this is the And feast of love to me. only time after Christ's resurrection that the term 'death' is applied to be- May I through all the noisy streets lievers. But the further expression In Thine own peace rejoice, that die in the Lord, gives a wonderful modification of the thought. They And hear above the noise and strife i.re said to 'rest from their labors' Thy Spirit's still, small voice. -Anon.

CAMPING OUT ON THE WAY TO ALASKA COLD ·

THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN ALASKA BY REV. S. HALL YOUNG, D.D., CORDOVA, ALASKA Pioneer Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in Alaska Attorney-General Wickersham, who or quadruple that amount; that it has has returned from a summer's trip the greatest copper-mines on the conthroughout the length and along the tinent, one of which, the Bonanza shores of Alaska, said: "I went to mine, 200 miles from the coast, is find a district; I discovered an em- esteemed by the Morgan-Guggenheim pire." In no respect has Alaska made Syndicate of such great value that greater advancement the past three or they have expended nearly $25,000,- four years than in the consciousness 000 on a railroad to reach it, while of the American people. The Alaska- other copper-mines of almost equal Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle wealth lie all along it and among tht. did much to open the eyes of the world islands and on the mainland bordering to the wonderful extent, variety and Prince William Sound, and on the value of Alaska's resources. A few southern end of Prince of Wales Islyears ago the territory was viewed as and in southeastern Alaska. a great, barren, worthless land, uninhabitable by whites, and valuable only The coal-fields of Alaska are of for the fur-seals and salmon found in still greater value. While we need its waters. Now we know that it is not figure their value up into the trilthe greatest gold-field of the continent, lions, as a sanguine writer in Hampalready pouring $20,000,000 per an- ton's Magazine has done, yet experts num into the national coffers, and who have been examining those coal there are already located quartz-mines deposits for years have pronounced that must within a few years treble them larger in extent and containing as good quality of anthracite and bitu-

mmous coal as the coal-mines of are evidently descendants of the J apa- Pennsylvania, New York and West nese, and possess Japanese quickness, Virginia put together. intelligence, and susceptibility to civil- ization. The most northern tribe of Ten million dollars' worth of canned the Thlinkits is the Yakutat, at the salmon are put up in Alaskan waters foot of Mount· Saint Elias. Followevery year, and other fisheries are ing the southern coast westward we just as valuable. But that which has come upon the Aleuts, extending from challenged the belief of the people of Kadiak Island to the extreme western the United States in recent years is end of the Aleutian Islands and norththe assertion by agricultural experts ward to Bristol Bay and the mouth of that there are fine farm-lands in the Kuskoquin River. North of the Alaska, capable of producing good Kuskoquin, all along the shore of wheat, oats, barley, rye, potatoes and Bering Sea, and all up along the the common small fruits, of such great Arctic clear around to the Canadian extent that four or five great agricul- border and beyond it, are Eskimos, tural States will be organized out of the short, fleshy, blubber-eating denithose in Central Alaska. I have been zens of the cold, wind-swept, treeless compelled to assent to this prophecy shore. The fourth group of natives most confidently because I have raised inhabit practically all of the interior these crops to perfection in different of Alaska, and, coming down the Coplocalities. per and Susitna rivers, spread along the shores of Prince William Sound Indeed, so vast are the possibilities and touch the northern end of Cook'~ of Alaska and so great its natural re- Inlet. This group is the only one that sources already discovered and partly can properly be called Indians. They developed that the assertio~ of a great are of the Athabascan race, and akin geologist, who has traversed Alaska to the Crees and Sacs of northern for years, that the territory is the British America. most valuable possession of the United States, remains unchallenged. "The Southeastern Alaska, the most popugreat, big, broad land 'way up yonder" lOllS part. of the territory in native is no longer "Seward's folly," but tribes, was the first to be reached by Seward's glory, a monument of which missionary effort. The Presbyterian the greatest name on earth might well Church is the pioneer church of Alasbe proud. ka, with the· exception of the Russian Greek Church. In r877 Mrs. A. R. The mission work in Alaska has not McFarland, escorted by Dr. Sheldon kept pace with the development of the Jackson, went to Fort Wrangel, which territory, altho the native tribes have had just been abandoned by the United mostly been visited by missionaries of States troops. The following year different denominations, and much pa- Rev. John G. Brady and Miss Fanny tient work done among them. The E. Kellogg were sent by the same natives of Alaska may be divided into church to Sitka. I landed at W rangel four great groups. Southeastern the next summer. Mr. Brady retired Alaska, with its 1,100 islands and after a year's work, and Miss Kellogg narrow strip of mainland, is the home became Mrs. Young. These two misof the Thlinkits, Haidahs and Tsimpsheans, all of which groups of tribes

MISSIONARY SITUATION IN ALASKA

sions, especially the larger one at Fort the large school at Sitka, have been Wrangel, became the starting-points doing a noble work, not only in Chris- tianizing the natives but in training s. HALL YOUNG them to be American, citizens, fitting them to live on a high plane the life A Pioneer Missionary to Alaska which their locality demands.

The Presbyterians have fifteen na- tive missions among 'these islands, all being feeders of the large training- school at Sitka, where the Church is just erecting buildings at the cost of about $90,000. This training-school will be as well equipped as any east or west, and will be capable of doing a noble and a large work of civilization for the youth of the whole territory. New Metklahkatlah, the independent mission under the direction of Father Duncan, is the model mission of the whole coast. Here these natives have a free lease of Annette Island, and have built their own houses, their own great cathedral church, their own for the exploration of the whole archi- AN ESKIMO MISSION" SCHOOLGIRL AT pelago, with its IO,OOO natives. I was COUNCIL, ALASKA the board's explorer for ten years. salmon-cannery, sawmill, steamboats traveling over 15,000 miles by canoe, and stores, and manage their whole visiting the different tribes, taking their census, conferring with the chiefs, and reporting to the Church the advisability of establishing missions. The response of the Presbyterian Church was immediate and generous. vVithout enumerating the suc· cessive steps of the evangelization of the Thlinkits, I will say that the Presbyterians are still by far the greatesl force in southeastern Alaska for Christianity and civilization. They have twice as many missions among the natives there as all other denominations put together. None of the missions established in southeastern Alaska have been abandoned. The training-schools, now all merged into

THE TOWN OF CORDOVA, ALASKAJ WHEN TWO YEARS OLD great business successfully without school and church. The Baptists unneeding much supervision of white dertook the evangelization of the namen. They are growing wealthy; and tives of the coast south of the main in point of intelligence, education, body of the territory. They have only morality and devout Christianity will two missions–one up the Coppel compare favorably with any town, River, 200 miles, at Copper Center, white or native, on the Pacific coast. and another at Wood Island, off the Some 1,500 Tsimpsheans have their coast of Kadiak, At this latter mis- .sion they have a training-school for home here. Some af the Presbyterian native youth, and are doing excellent work. Outside of these missions, the missions among the Haidahs and whole of the Pacific Coast west of Thlinkits show almost as great a de- Mount Saint Elias and south of the gree of advancement, but these mis- Aleutian Islands, is unevangelized exsions are not on so large a scale or cept for the work done by the Russian So industrially perfect. The Episco- Greek priests. This Church has nupalians have one native mission, the merous missions in Prince William Friends tWt Catholics one or more, Sound, Cook's Inlet, Kadiak, the Shu- magin Islands, the Aleutian Islands, and tlre Greek Church three in 69uth- and on the Alaskan Peninsula. These missions are supported by an endoweastemAlaska; ,but most of these are ment raised in the early part of the nineteenth century by the Venerable small. Veniaminoff, the great Russian mis- sionary and explorer. This endow- Passing up the coast hom the Alex- ment yields an income of $70,000 per andrian Archipelago, we come to the year, which can not be diverted to any only Thlinkit tribe ou.tside oj it on Yakutat Bay. Here the prosperous mission of the Swedish Evangelical Church has been doing good work for many years. The natives are taught English and there is an orphanage,

MISSIONARY SITUATION IN ALASKA

purpose other than the evangelization Riveor to the northwest. Here in the of the natives of Alaska. The Russian early eighties the Moravians founded priests at these missions are many of missions at Bethel, on the Kuskoquin, them half-breeds, and, with few excep- and at Nushagak, and for thirty years tions, ignorant and bigoted and im- these faithful missionaries have been moral to an extreme not found in any educating and Christianizing the naother part of the American continent. tives. Away up into the interior of Some of them are pronounced foes of Alaska, to the base of Mount McKin- American civilization, forbidding their ley, the influence of these Moravians converts to speak English or to attend is felt, many of the interior tribes PRESBYTERloN CHURCI1 Am, MANSE.

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND MANSE AT CORDOV AJ ALASKA English schools. The churches of the sending their children down to Bethel., United States ought to enter these At St. Michael there is a Russian misnumerous Aleutian points and do the sion, a Roman Catholic church and a mission work that is neded there. The small Presbyterian mission. On Nor- Methodist Church has one mission on ton Sound to the north there is a large Unalaska Island, and the Jessie Lee Swedish Evangelical Mission at Una- Home for Aleut boys and girls has al- laklik, and another to the west on ready accomplished great good, and Golofnin Bay. These Swedish mishas a force for righteousness not to sions were established before the strike be overestimated. of gold at Nome caused the great stampede in 1900. All along that coast Passing into Bering Sea and ascend- from Nome to Cape Prince of Wales ing the Alaskan coast, the first group are numerous villages of Eskimos. of natives and of missions to them are The Congregational Church at Nome, found on the shores of Bristol Bay, as well as the Roman Catholic Church, and at the mouth of the Kuskoquin

minister to the spiritual needs of the communication with the outside world, natives, and at Sinrok the Methodists except once a year when the revenue have a mission. At Teller, on Port cutter finds its way through the ice- Clarence, roo miles northwest ot floes, our brave missionaries do the Norne, there is a large mission and work of civilizing these seemingly un- orphanage maintained by the Swedish promising natives, living their lives, dressing in the same kind of fur gar- Copyright by E. A. Hegg. ments and cheerfully enduring all that the Eskimo has to endure. They ONE METHOD OF MISSIONARY TOURING lind the lure of Alaska still strongly IN ALASKA drawing, so that when these mission- aries have come out to civilization Lutherans, and at the town of Teller, they have almost without exception as well as at Council, inland from wanted to go back. Surely they will Nome, the Presbyterians have done have their reward for this extreme much work among the Eskimos. At of self-sacrifice. Cape Prince of Wales, on Bering Strait, the Congregationalists have for I might be indulged in a story illustwenty-five years or more had a mis- trating the progress that can be made sion, the good influence of which is among these unpromising natives of felt for roo miles in each direction. the Far North. In the fall of r899 I On Kotzebue Sound, in the Arctic landed at Nome, a very new mining Ocean, the Friends maintain a good camp. There were some four or five work, and farther north the Episco- thousand of us suddenly dumped on palians have a large mission and rein- that beach, living in tents or in hastily deer station at Point Hope. The Pres- constructed shacks. The stormy sea byterians have gom:: farther west and was about us and constant rain driven north than any other Church in Alas- by the slashing wind. There were ka, maintaining large missions among few elements of comfort on that the Eskimos on St. Lawrence Island, dreary, exposed, wind-swept beach. near the Siberian shore, and Point The only fuel we had was the soggy Barrow, the most northern cape of the driftwood which had floated for continent. Here, shut off from all months in Bering Sea from the mouth of the Yukon, and had drifted to this bleak shore. These sticks the Eski- mo men and women, drest alike, used to bring us in native baskets, carried 011 their backs. These natives were about as unprepossessing and dirty as can be imagined. You could detect the presence of one of them a quarter of a mile away if the wind was blowing from him to you. They heard that I was a preacher, and used to stand banked in front of my tent, staring in at me through the lifted flap, the women with their greasy little pa-

MISSIONARY SITUATION IN ALASKA

pooses peering out from their hoods he watched me closely, and always on thelr necks. One day, while I was voted exactly as I did. This is but wondering how I could get rid of their one example among hundreds I might unsavory companionship, two miners give of the results of mission work came along and stopt to look at the among even the most unpromising ot crowd of Eskimos. "Say, Jim," said Alaskan natives. one, "did you ever see the like of that? Say, do you think them things has In the great interior, which is nearsouls?" "vVell," drawled Jim, "I sup- ly all comprizcd by the valley of the mighty Yukon, the Episcopalian SITKA} THE CAPITAL OF ALASKA pose so; and if they have, there's one Church is the only Protestant denomthing certain, they will all have to go ination which has done any considerto heaven shure; the devil wouldn't able work among the natives. Bishop have them around." Two years later I Rowe and his efficient corps of miswas the commissioner from the newly sionaries, male and female, have splenorganized Presbytery of Yukon to the did missions at many points, including General Assembly of the Presbyterian Eagle, Circle, Yukon, Rampart, St.

Church which met at Philadelphia. James mission, and Anvik on the My fellow commissioner, the elder main river, and also at St. John-in- who sat by my side, was Peter Koo- the-Wilderness up the Koyakuk, and Ilooyah, from OUf native chufch at at Fairbanks, Chena, Nenana and Point Barrow. He could speak, write Delta on the Tanana. They have a and read the English language, was a mission boat called the Pelican, which devout Christian, and was considered .last year traveled 5,000 miles on the intelligent enough to be chosen as a Yukon and its tributaries. The work delegate to the Supreme Council of this Church is doing among the Athaour Church. I am quite certain that laskan natives of the interior of Alashe voted correctly on the revision ka is worthy of all praise. Scarcely question and other points as well, for second to the Episcopal Church in

the number of its missions in the there are 45,000. It is the healthiest interior, and the faithfulness of the country in the world. Children thrive missionaries, is the Roman Catholic wonderfully, and all the conditions of Church. It has large missions at Fair- climate are both comfortable and banks, Nulato and Holy Cross, besides bracing. This is shown by the fact so a number of branch missions. The often reiterated, that when a man Greek Church has one small, old mis- goes to Alaska, remains a few years, sion near the mouth of the river. and leaves the country, he always While the most marked progress in comes back.

Christian civilization has been made With the first great stampede into by the natives of southeastern Alaska, the Klondike in '97 I was sent by the these newer missions in the great in- Presbyterian Board of Home Mis- terior, established among the less sions. I found a minister of the promising peoples, are, in the language Church of England and a Roman of the country, "making good." Hos- Catholic priest already at work. After pitals, orphanages, homes for children, the winter's work in Dawson and up as well as churches, have been estab- the gold-bearing creeks, I organized lished at many points. This interior a church of fifty-nine charter mem- of Alaska, usually considered so bleak, bers, including eleven different Chris- desolate and forbidding, is in reality tian denominaiions. Turning over the most attractive part of the great this church to the Canadian Presby- territory – the soil productive, the terians, I returned to the Yukon Val- farming possibilities unlimited, the cli- ley in 1899, having taken from the mate excellent, and the conditions of Canadians in exchange the church life favorable to prosperity and happi- they had established at Skagway. We ness. planted Presbyterian missions at Eagle Into this great land within the last and Rampart, and also at the new thirteen years have poured a new army mining camp of Nome. Afterward I -the white men, and this a tried and established missions at Teller and proven class of men, the most intelli- Council, at Seward Peninsula, and in gent, I think, the bravest, the strong- 1904, in company with a young min- est in physical and moral fiber to be ister from our church, I ascended the found in any of our western lands. Tanana. I built and organized the The hard stress of the Chilcoot and church at Fairbanks, and missions White passes in 1897-98, of Bering were also established at Chena, Cleary Sea and the Nome country in 1899- and several other points on the gold- 1900, of the coast range of mountains bearing creeks. Later I organized and and the Yukon and Tanana rivers in built a church at Cordova, with branch 1904, were the sluice-boxes which missions at Glacier and Chitina up separated the gold from the pebbles. the Copper River. In addition to The brave, strong hearts won in, and these Presbyterian missions, there all..

have remained ever since. Men have Methodist churches among the whites sent for their families and become set- of Skagway, Juneau and Ketchikan in tlers in the interior. Before the Klon- southeastern Alaska, and at Fairbanks dike stampede in 1897 there were not in the interior, at Nome on Bering 4,000 white people in Alaska. Now Sea, and at Seward on Prince William

MISSIONARY SITUATION IN ALASKA

Sound. The Congregationalists have Christian men and women who have large churches at Nome, Douglas and lived in this mighty wilderness for Valdez. The Episcopalians have years without being able to attend churches for the whites at Juneau, church once. The cry is for more men Fairbanks, Nome, Valdez and Cordo- to minister to these gospel-hungry va. The Roman Catholics have white souls. The minister to Alaska should churches at Nome, Fairbanks, Val- be a man who can preach well, for dez, Cordova, Juneau, and perhaps he will have a most intelligent and one or two other points. The Presby- critical congregation, a larger proporterians have organized white churches tion of college graduates than he could A VIEW OF FORT WRANGEL, ALASKA, TAKEN FROM MT. nEWEY in southeastern Alaska at Skagway, find anywhere else. He should be Juneau, Sitka and Wrangel. The work adaptable, resourceful, broad, able to among the natives has progrest live the life of the miner, to make proportionately far in advance of that long journeys by dog-sled in the winamong the whites. So rapidly have ter, or by canoe or steamboat in the new gold-bearing creeks been discov- summer, to build his church if need ered and new camps established that be with his own hands, to endure the Church has not begun to keep hardness with such a spirit as to makt. pace with the advance of population. the hardness a pleasure. There is a Not one-half of the 45,000 white peo- fascination, a satisfaction, a peace in ple in Alaska to-day are able to hear this work such as no one in a city the preached Gospe. There are many congregation can realize.

RESULTS OF FRONTIER HOME

BY REV. W. S. HOLT, D.D.* Field secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., Portland, Ore.

The Oregon country is well adapted that navigated these wilds for nearly to show some of the practical results four decades. The lowing of the kine of modern home missions. All that which moved the schooner was the has come to it from the side of church music to which the early trave1el life has come through the home mis- slept, under the wagon or in imsionary effort. It is still a wide field for provised tabernacle. Into some of the home missionary endeavor. But the work done by the home mission agency Oregon country is not conterminous we shall have a short look in this with Oregon, the State. For all of the article. One of my first visits as the present Oregon, Washington, Idaho, synodical missionary for the Synod of and a generous portion of Montana Oregon, was into the interior of the and 'Nyoming belonged to the State in its eastern section. The railoriginal Oregon. To-day there are road carried me as far as Baker City, counties in this country larger than a prominent mining town on the main Eastern States, and they are fast line of the Oregon Railway and Navisettling up under the fostering care gation Company, 357 miles from Portof the Government and the railroads, land. On the same train were two a:; well as the private enterprise of young men from Portland, going to those who have come to realize the Boston to school. We parted company wonder of the natural resources still at Baker City on Tuesday noon. They waiting for development. were in Boston some time before I reached my destination, for while I did Into this country the church came not leave the State and they crossed early. To the church belongs a large the continent, my travel was with a share of its best progress, and of ne- team, while the iron horse drew them. cessity in this progress the home mission movement has loomed large. vVe drove out into the foot-hills. Work, too, has moved with great ra- Never having been in that region bepidity when the difficulties of early fore, we were soon lost. A passing travel are considered. In the work of traveler, in reply to a query as to the the Presbyterian Church, it is to be right road, said: "Follow the telenoted that its entire growth has been phone poles." We did not require during the life of the present field rep- further information as to our route, resentative of the Board of Home Mis- for while we were on the way to a sions, except one little church that goes remote place, the demands of business back to 1846 for its origin. had led the telephone company in, and their poles were a sufficient guide to This is rapid movement, in view of the wayfarer. all the conditions that have been met in a distant, and for long years, in- When we reached our journey's end accessible region. The prairie schoon- on Saturday, arrangements were made er was the only means of conveyance for preaching on the Sabbath. The * The writer takes up this subject with a warm personal sympathy. He was "raised" on the frontier, and in a Home Mission Church. He never saw a seH·supporting Presbyterian Church nntil he entered the McCormick Seminary, His father was an elder and sllperintendent in a Home Mission Church on the "Indian Land" of Wisconsin. That same father, when the Church was ready to try to build a. HOllse of Worship, took his ax, and with other men of like mind, went into the virgin forest and cut down the trees from which the lumber should be saweJ for the Home Mission Church. For years home missions have been the one object to which life and thought and hope have been given. home missionary was on the ground, meets." What the need in that region and he was the only minister of any was can be told in few words. Durchurch in the whole region. After ing the visit a man came to call on we had left the John Day Valley we me, when he heard that I had to do neither saw church nor minister until with locating ministers in needy we met our own missionary near the places. He asked me to send one center of his field. where he lived, in another section of the country. He confest that he was He had been obliged to move nearly not a member of the Presbyterian 200 miles by team, to reach his field Church or of any Church, nor was of labor, and then he was all alone. he a pro£essng Christian; but, said From that day on we have kept a he, "We need the Church, and I am home missionary at work in that dis- ready to pay $50 a year toward the trict. We have been greatly favored THE TO -VN OF P I LOT ROCK. A TYPICAL HOME MISSION CENTER in having a man of fine spirit and support of the missionary for the sake no little courage. He has a wife to of my family." A lady in the same match him, "a help meet for him." For county came 35 miles to find a physiwhen the missionary is away from cian. She called on the minister and home, as he must be often to do his said, "Some time, won't you come work, the wife can take her place in down where we live and preach ? We the pulpit, or in the Sabbath-school are from the East. We have been and the prayer-meeting, and without here 20 years. We have a growntoo heavy a strain on Presbyterian up daughter who has never seen a law and usage, can fill all the appoint- church nor heard a sermon." ments to the satisfaction of the people. God has been very good to the home A rancher in the same county, but missionaries in providing them "help in another part, wrote to the mission- ary, asking if "next summer" he could

A TYP[CAL FAMILY OF PIONEERS IN THE WEST This is a Scotch family, and their pastor, living in the foothills of the Blue Mountains.

not come to the southern part of the having a change of minister. It seems county and stay a week. It would as tho that has been done with entire make a fine vacation to spend a week satisfaction to all concerned in many on a good ranch and enjoy the good other places. Of course, nobody things they know so well how to pre- would care way out there on the fronpare. But the thought of the rancher tier. But they did care. When word was exprest in the words he used. "If reached the community that the misyou will, we will gather the ranchmen sionary had been offered another together and have a week of preach- place, and was proposing to go, the ing." The home missionary has made community came together. They good, as the following will show. Last adopted some very interesting resosummer he thought it was time for lutions, and there came to my office him to change. Perhaps some other a very warm protest against taking man would do better now. He had away their minister, and saying, "We the church well established, there was need him socially, commercially, and a good manse and a comfortable spiritually." They kept their minister. church, and it might be better to have He has won the respect of the town a change. It is, sometimes. He was in which he lives, of the entire county offered another county in which, at over which he roams, and has earned the time, there was no missionary of a place for the Church in the affecany church at work. We needed one tions of the people. badly, and this man knew how to be a pIOneer. "Will you take the new There is another county in Eastern work?" "Yes, with pleasure." Will Oregon in which some practical results he? Let's see. We had not reckoned of home missions are shown. This, with the Church nor with the com- too, was a part of the personal experimunity. It was assumed that there ence of the writer. A business man would be no trouble, and that maybe wrote to the office saying that he had there would be some satisfaction in heard that it was a function of this office to provide missionaries for des-

PRACTICAL RESULTS OF THE FRONTIER HOME MISSION

titute places. Then he added, "This establish a church where one had is one of the most destitute places in never been, he responded at once. the entire State. We have about 1,000 We went in together to see the place people in 30 miles square of territory. and make the start. It was 65 miles We have no church and never have off the railroad, beautifully located had, no Sabbath-school, and no minis- along a river. We held services in ter of any kind. If you will send a a store in the morning, and in a lodgeman here, we will agree to pay $300 room at night. We went out in the the first year toward his support." country to call on an English fam- Then he added, that I might not be ily, had a good dinner, and better, deceived, "I am not a member of any an invitation to establish preaching Church." This call sounded like. a services in the schoolhouse of their challenge. It seemed wise to take it district. Then the missionary was up, if possible. But such moves always left to his own devices, while the syncost money, and then they must not odical missionary went on his way. be started and abandoned, unless one Results, practical results have come is interested to try an experiment with from it. The church is established, the truth of the statement. "The last with a comfortable building and a state of that man was worse than the manse. Several preaching points and first." We found a little money, and Sabbath-schools have been opened, then went after the man. The man and the district now has the Gospel, was easily found. He came from a all because of home mission efforts. foreign land. He was a graduate of Again, let us take a look at another Roberts College and an American section of the country. This time we seminary. He was a real man, and will go down the coast, almost to the when the offer came to him to help California line. Here is a large sec- THE STAGE COACH AT l'ILOT ROCK HOTEl.

tion, into which the Church had not One man, who had a thriving busi- gone. It was very remote, and with ness, said he would pay the whole its own sort of remoteness. Not only salary of a minister if we would send was it 100 miles from the railroad, but one in, and would give him a place to in a section where it sometimes rains. live and a room for services. He knew The rain ends in mud. The mud is that the Gospel was needed. It wa:" my privilege to assist in the organi- THE OLDEST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH BUILDING zation of the first church in the Coun- IN OREGON ty. We named it for the County, for it was to serve everybody in the Coun- Built in 1858 ty. During the visit a man who lived f~lrther south than the trip would take deep in the forests. The sun can not us, and who had come to bring his dry it out. I have seen deep mud in daughter to the County Institute, August, after the sun had been at work asked me when I could get back to nearly all summer. Before the mud the County. I replied, "I expect to could be dried, some more rain would come back next year." Then he said, fall, and then some more mud. But "When you come back next year, it is a lovely region. The Pacific won't you try to come down where Ocean booms along its western limits. we live and preach ?" "Next year" The forests reach up to the summit of seemed like a long time to wait to the mountains, the azalea and rhodo· hear a sermon. But he had to wait dendron fill the air with perfume, and longer, for next year the visit was the landscape with beauty. The climate is never cold, and never hot. A NEW HOME MISSION CHURCH IN T HE WEST Settlers have come into the valleys and followed up the rivers and made not possible. But the call has been their homes, with here and there ham- heard, and the home missionary sent lets and post-offices and schools. The in. Indeed, we have two in the Coun- County superintendent is a graduate ty, one in the northern part, whose from Philadelphia. I called on him church building has been burned from one day, and found him sitting by his the forest fires of the past season and fireplace reading Virgil as a pastime. he is struggling with the effort to re- Sturdy people are these, wise enough to have "come from the East." But they have come so far that the Church had not found them when we went in.

19II] PRACTICAL RESULTS OF THE FRONTIER HOME MISSION

build. Another has gone to the south reach of the great city. What had end of the County. He knows how he to do in the wild and wooly West? to preach, and how to wield the axe He had a vision. He saw the negand saw and plane, and he finds his lected men of his own race, and the children for whom nobody cared, and A VETERAN HOME MISSIONARY he was attracted by the vision. Out he came. In he went. "May I preach Rev. Louis Thompson, the first Presbyterian here next Sunday?" he inquired. Home :Missionary in what is now "Yes," said a leader among the people. the State of Oregon "But if you can't do it better than the last man did, cut it short." He preached. After it, the same man came to him and said, "You can come back any time you want to." He wanted to. He wrote East about what he had found, and entered into a con- tract with a club of Eastern men to tackle the field and bring it to seIf- support in ten years, if the club would stand by him that long. It appealed to the club. They, too, had a vision of sharing in the toils of the home missionary, and were ready to put up the money. The missionary bought a pair of horses, for this is not a one- work cut out for him in maintaining A YOVNG MISSIONARY AT PILOT ROCK, READY TO preaching services and building a START ON A TOUR ON HIS PONY church and a house to cover his own EXPRESS head. horse country, unless you always go Another region shows the practical on the back of the horse. The ten results of home missions. We will go years are not yet up. Last week I back to the eastern portion of the made my last visit. I saw the prac- State, into the "Cow Counties," as the metropolitan likes to call them, where stock, well watered stock, can be found. Here is the home of the picturesque cowboy and of the bucking cayuse, on whose hurricane deck the home missionary must learn to ride. No church here. No use for it. vVhat can a church do? Let's see. Out into this region went the home missionary. He was from the East. He had served a self-supporting church along the Hudson and within easy

tical results. We had a banquet. At a classroom for every class, the graded lessons, missions, all sorts of it were 40 men. When the mission- missions taught in the school, six preaching places, three every Sabbath, ary came to town that man next to and some during the week, and every bit of it due to the Modern Home me said "cut it short." That other Mission enterprise.

man across the table had no use fOl May we have one more glimpse, and at another sort of work, but still the missionary. "What did he want home missions.

to come here for, anyway?" Wait In my territory are many Indians. They are cared for when they have and see what that man does to-night. any care from our Church, by the Board of Home Missions. One of the That other man over there was a missions is so close to civilization that anyone may see it at any time. Go drunken fellow. He told me so him- to Pendleton, get the phone, call up Rev. ]. M. Cornelison, and tell him self. Now he is here with all those you wish to see the Tutuilla Indian Church. You will reach the heart of other fine-looking men, young men, the home missionary by such a request, and will see something worth while. too. See that handsome fellow? He You will also be astonished. Who are these Indians? Some of them are is the mayor. He owns the house Cayuses. Who are they? They are the tribe that killed Marcus WhitmaIl where the missionary Jives, and he, in r847. Who is that fine looking man? That is Elder Philip Minthorn. with five other young men, live with He was a papoose in the tepee when the Whitman massacre took place. the missionary because they want to. Once he has been the commissioner from this White Presbytery to the See that man with the clear, sharp General Assembly when it met in St. Louis, to which city the Indians went face? He is the editor of the paper, in r832 after the white man's book of Heaven. We white men got the toand has nb fear of man before his bacco habit from the Indians. But look at these men. Not one of the eyes. But he fears God, and so doe& Presbyterian ministers or laymen of these Indian churches ever touch tohis wife, whom he introduced with bacco. What did it? Home missions did it. much satisfaction. These men are farmers now, some We are at the close of the banquet, of them, and respectable citizens, and when they get a chance to vote will and the man across the table arose vote against license of the saloon and said: "We young fellows like the missionary. He is a man among men. He is honored and esteemed by every man in this town. Don't anyone try to take him away from us. We won't stand for it. We want to give him a little token of our es- teem, and I have been asked to pre- sent him with this Bible." Think of that man giving a Bible to anyone a few years ago. But here he is, to- night, the spokesman for the young men, and giving the Bible to the mis- sionary.

What about the self-support? "We shall go to self-support next April,"

said the missionary. .

Said the superintendent of the State Sabbath-school Association, "That man has the best Sabbath-school in the whole of the east part of the State,

19I1 ] THE TRAINING OF THE FOREIGN

every time. For they know what done to do the impossible by dry garliquor does for their people, and they dening in this semi-arid district. are against the whole traffic. See the neat church building. Over there is All these are the practical results of the plain home of the home missionary home missions to-day; visible, concrete who not only preaches, but shows the results. Everyone may see them, and Indians how to make gardens, raise a multitude of others, everywhere chickens, set out trees both for shade throughout this whole coast country. and for fruit, and has also given the For the Church, the college, the imwhole community, both Indian and proving conditions of every sort bear Vvhite, an object lesson in what can be witness to the helpfulness of the mod- ern home mission enterprise.

THE TRAINING OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY BY PROF. HOMER B. HULBERT For Twenty~three Years a Resident in Korea The time has come when foreign rights and powers in the country of missionary work, because of the great his adoption, and he must recognize proportions it has assumed and the the limits within which he must conlarge outlay of money it requires, com- fine his efforts along material lines. mands the serious attention not only of the Church but also of governments. All this indicates that the prepara- People have come to see that the tion of the missionary for the foreign Christianizing of a nation is sure to field is worthy of the most careful athave grave political results as well as tention and the most searching inreligious and social. For this reason vestigation. This would be so even on the foreign missionary has assumed general grounds, but there are specific greater significance in the eye of the reasons that are still more cogent. public. He is in a real sense an inter- The field is ordinarily far from home, national figure, and is becoming more and it requires a large outlay of money and more so. simply to transport the missionary to his place of labor. But the money It has further come to be recognized given for this purpose is the most that the missionary is distinctly a spe- sacred kind of a trust fund, and should cialist; that he has a unique set of be administered with the utmost reproblems to solve, problems that re- gard for economy and efficiency. quire the keenest insight into human Every possible safeguard should be nature, the most delicate tact, the most placed about it. The mind of the complete self-command. He holds a Church should be from time to time position that requires quick decision bent upon the discovery of ways and on points that perhaps have never means to secure the very largest recome up before. The ideal mission- sults from the least outlay of money. ary would be a paragon of human powers. And with all his other attain- One point may be made by way of ments he must also be a statesman. elimination, to clear the way for the He must have a clear idea of his own proper discussion of the question. That point is, that economy can not

be secured by the employment ot community in which he works. He cheap men on the mission field. By may be brilliant and effective; but if By "cheap" men I do not mean men he has a bad temper he may, and probwho are willing to work on a small ably will, damage his work fifty per salary, for the most brilliant and ef- cent. He may be patient, kindly and fective men on the field work for the helpful, but if he does not discriminate same salary as the inefficient. I mean and exercise the power to detect impocheap men: men who are cheap in sition he will fall into contempt. If personality, cheap in attainments, his personal economies suffer the cheap in ability; men who never slightest taint of parsimony he will would command in the home-land lose the respect of the people. It is even the meager salary that they re- only a real man, the genuine article, ceive on the foreign field. The men that can bear himself permanently who are doing things on the firing- before a heathen community in such line of the Church are the ones who, a way as to command their continued if they were at home, would be hold- esteem. Nowhere in the world is a ing the best positions in the gift of the more punctilious squaring of precept Church. with practise required. But, on the other hand, this fact has its compensa- The people here at home do not tions. Let a man once establish a seem to realize that the so-called reputation for fair, honest, kindly, just heathen are the keenest readers of and generous dealing and the heathen human nature, and that they study will be knit to him with bands of steel. the missionary more carefully, often- He will have hundreds of firm friends times, than he does them. They know who perhaps will never come oui. him more thoroughly in some ways openly for Christianity, but who will than he would be known in any com- see to it that their children are inmunity in this country. Every small- structed in the doctrine. Such a misest act is noted and analyzed, and the sionary will become the arbiter of their native is often able to play upon the disputes, depositary of their secrets, missionary as you would play on a molder of their lives, and virtual dicpiano, through his subtle knowledge tator of their conduct. The very of the missionary's idiosyncrasies. For range of his activities and powers reinstance, I remember the time when, quires that his training be of the most in a great oriental city, the servants in thorough kind. all the foreigners' houses had an unwritten schedule of the relative merits You say that this is impossible, the of all those foreigners as masters and mark is too high. Yes; it is too high mistresses. Mr. A– was NO.4, to reach, but not too high to reach Mr. B– was No.7, Mr. C– after. Cheap men are dear in the long was No.2, and so on. Each of those run, for what is needed is not simply servants aspired to climb the ladder of teaching and preaching but consistent success by securing a position in a living as well; and the cheap man, house where the people outranked while in advance of the heathen about those in the house where he was then him, is not sufficiently in advance to engaged. The foreign missionary will form an example of life. You say that inevitably find his proper level in the Christ himself should be the only ex-

I] THE TRAINING OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY

ample, but you would find on the mis- not highly enough developed for that. sion field that the missionary has to It follows, then, that a person who put up with many inferior things on speaks the language brokenly is almost the part of converts, and one of them useless as a leader. The language is this. Curious as it may seem, the must be mastered. The missionary lower the status of the heathen the must think in his adopted language. higher and purer must be the human Some people through no fault of their object-lesson that you place before own, but through sheer inability, him. The obvious reason is that the never acquire the language so as to lower the heathen is the less he is able speak it even intelligently. The exto make allowauces for defects in the cuse is made for them that they can be object-lesson. useful in educational lines where the language is not so necessary, but the Let us consider what can be done excuse is a very lame one. There is to secure greater economy and effi- 110 line of missionary service which ciency along the lines indicated. One does not depend for nine-tenths of its thing is seriously needed, and that is value upon a knowledge of the lanan institution commensurate with the guage. need, offering a one year's course to all prospective missionaries, where The previous discovery of the phys-o each one would be required to gain ical and linguistic capacities of the a certain technical knowledge of the candidate will do more than determine rudiments of the missionary work. whether he shall go to the foreign field In the first place, such a school, where or not. It will help to determine to candidates could be under careful ob- what field he shall go. A person who servation for a year, would eliminate would be wholly unfit to go to Africa, those two causes of waste, which have India or any other tropical country, done more to lower the percentage of might conceivably be quite eligible for efficiency than all others combined. I work in China or Korea. A person refer to physical and linguistic in- who never could master the phonetability. A person is of little or no ic eccentricities of Arabic or Tamil value on the mission field who has not might find it comparatively easy to the physical stamina to endure the conquer the Japanese language, in strain of living in a country where which the phonetic system differ" but the climatic and other conditions are little from our own. Such a training, very different from those of the home by discovering the peculiarities of the land. Of equal importance is the mat- candidate, would make it possible to ter of linquistic ability. Some people place him where he belongs on the go to the mission field who never ac- mission field. In some few cases it quire the language of the people in an would be found that he can not learn adequate way. We are likely to for- a foreign language. Such people get that the heathen are exceedingly should be told in a kindly but firm impatient of diction that is difficult way that their work should be here to understand. They will not, as a at home. Now and then a mistake rule, attempt to understand what the will be made and a person may be kept speaker is trying to say if it requires back who might have made a success effort. Their powers of attention are on the foreign field; but on the whole,

the gain would far outweigh the loss. harmlessness of the dove. This study The waste of money along this line should, of course, include the history should certainly be curtailed. of missions in the field under review, and of the problems which the work- Again, the question of temperament ers there have met. must be considered. Genuine devotion to the cause ought to overcome all In the second place, the candidate defects of temperament; but unfortu- should be acquainted with the folknately, missionaries are just plain folk lore of the people among whom he is like the rest of us, and they sometimes to work. And their proverbs will get "mad." Nothing injures a mis- prove a most fruitful field from which sionary's influence more than this. to draw illustrations. To be able to The ideal of the Oriental is the man bring in an apt reference to native who is complete master of himself, and lore is immensely effective. This is if a prospective worker on the foreign especially needed by those who, while field evinces an inability to conquer fairly conversant with the language, his own temper, that field is no place do not excel in it. They can largely for him. The temptations to anger cover up the defect by so interesting and impatience are fourfold greater the audience as to make them forget there than at home. The Oriental can any slight linguistic infelicities. be the most exasperating of all human beings, even unwittingly. Sometimes In the third place, it will be possible anger seems almost a virtue, and the for the candidate to learn a sound disabilities under which Job labored method of learning a modern lanseem trivial in comparison. Only the guage. He has probably come from most consummate self-control will the seminary, where Greek and Hecarry the missionary unmoved through brew demanded his attention; but such experiences. these are very different from a living language, which he must make his But to turn to the positive side of own. What he has done in these will the question. What are some of the be of comparatively little use when he things that the candidate should learn comes to attack the language in which before starting for the field? In the his life-work is to be exprest. If he first place, comes the history of the begins right, he can master that lancountry to which he is going. My guage in half the time that is usually experience has shown me that there is expended upon it. I firmly believe no introduction to a foreign people that if properly guided anyone of more "fetching" than a knowledge of average ability can learn to speak altheir history and the names and most any of the Asiatic languages achievements of their great men. fairly well in a year. This may sound After making a study of the annals optimistic, but it is no more so than of Korea, I never illustrated a talk by actual tests have proved. I am conreference to George Washington or fident that the various mission boards Napoleon Bonaparte, but rather by could be saved in actual cash between citing the deeds of Yi Sun-Sin or Song $1,800 and $2,000 on each missionary Sam-mun. Quoting from their own that is sent to the foreign field, prohistory is the subtlest compliment, and vided they would encourage or even adds the wisdom of the serpent to the require all candidates to gather at

THE TRAINING OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY 5I I

one place for a year. Such a plan the heathen to a knowledge of Christ. would make it possible to provide a Take out of the Bible the Deity of competent native teacher in each of Christ, the Virgin birth, miracle, the about fifteen most important lan- atonement and the resurrection, and guages of the East, and the prospec- the foreign missionary might as well tive missionary could be grounded in pack up his effects and corne horne. the essentials of the language of his Open a Bible before an educated Chiadopted country before going abroad. nese, and tell him that these great doc- There would be an enormous saving trines, while apparently taught in the of time and money. For instance, the Book, are interpolations or mistakes writer has seen a man learn 300 of or myths, and he will tell you to take the intricate Chinese characters in six it horne and revise it until it says days, and, what is more, retain them. what it means and then bring it to I am firmly of the opinion that the him for consideration. Or, more likewhole 3,000 Chinese characters which ly still, he would say that with these are necessary could be learned in six doctrines removed there is nothing months and before the missionary left but pure Confucianism. If Christ leaves this country. They could be was not the very Son of God, He was as easily learned here as there. The by the statement of the Book less than distractions of life in a new country, Confucius, for the latter never claimed in unaccustomed surroundings and divine sonship. under an alien sky, make the first yeal of the missionary's life on the field no A final subject that should comfitting time to learn the language. The mand the attention of the student bent backbone of that language should be upon missionary service is the study broken before he goes. of what we might call a hand-book of missions. This book should contain Another most important thing that a great number of specific cases which the candidate should study is 'a method have come up on the mission field for of Bible presentation that is fitted for settlement, together with the arguthe mission field. This may seem ments pro and con and the decision strange, but those who know best will that was reached. It is a book of bear me out in it. It is no easy thing precedents, and if properly compiled to teach the Bible here at horne, but it would be of incalculable value to the is still more difficult in lands where missionary on the field as well as to the Bible is not known. How to ap- the missionary in the making. For inproach the Book and to open it up to stance, a native comes to be baptized those who know nothing about it is and received into the Church, but it is indeed a very serious matter, and one discovered that years before he cast in which the prospective missionary off his first wife, by whom he had no should receive specific training. And children, and had married again and right here I may be permitted to inter- has three children by the second wife. polate one remark, and that is that the The first wife has married again. very truths that are being attacked in What is to be done? The missionary so many pUlpits in America as being should know how to handle the case at least problematical are the ones on just as truly as the lawyer in this land which the missionary depends to win must be able to cite his precedents

and the reasons why the decision was something along the line of missionary made as it was. preparation, but nothing at all ade- quate. A new school for training In fine, the missionary business is a missionaries is about to be established business, and one that requires for its in Hartford, Conn., and a further desuccessful prosecution a specific tech- scription of its plans will be given nical training just as truly as does the later. One of the best at present is the profession of medicine or law. In New York Bible Teachers' Training fact, it requires more. The Church School, of which Dr. W. W. White will never come up to its rightful is principal. It is well located standard or render foreign missions and equipped, interdenominational in reasonably effective until business character and evangelical in spirit. methods are introduced which without In many ways this school provides detracting from the spiritual aspect of excellent training for foreign misthe work will render it immensely sionaries. Other courses fit people for more efficient and economical. It is the various other forms of Christian hard, almost impossible, to interest service. Such a joining of forces and business men in a spiritual propaganda coordination of effort will result in which in its physical manifestations arousing a tremendous esprit de corps and methods does not exhibit the same and in effecting a forward move in common sense which marks other distinctive religious instruction and forms of successful enterprise. training that will bring it up to the needs and the demands of the time. One word more. There are institutions in America which attempt THE MISSIONARY CALL* . BY GEORGE L. GLEASON TOPFIELD, MASS . (Tune, "Aurelia") For this the hosts are marshaled, The Church of Christ united With banners all unfurled, In spirit, love and aim, In serried ranks united Is one in faith and doctrine, To go and win the world.

With hope and zeal the same. The men of rank and fortune The nations, too, are longing Are leading in the fray, For universal peace, Which gives to every creature When right and truth shall triumph, The Gospel of to-day.

And war and strife shall cease.

The Spirit without measure Shall we so richly dowered Is poured upon all lands; In this broad Christian land, Sad peoples long in fetters Keep back the Gospel message, Are stretching out their hands; Withhold the liberal h,llld?

Imploring us to hasten Nay: we, our sons and daughters, With truth which makes men free, Will gladly heed the call, To bring them peace and pardon- And lay upon the altar Life, light and liberty. Ourselves, our gifts, our all.

• From The Christian Work and Evangelist.

PULAHANES IN

BY REV. CHARLES W. BRIGGS, ILOILO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Missionary of the Baptist Foreign Missionary So eiety There are scores of barrios, or vil- revolution of 1897. Armed only with rages, with thousands of inhabitants, bolos and home-made weapons, they in the island of Panay, which are com- faced the Spanish soldiers and guar- monly called pulahan. Many hun- dia civil, beginning in Iloilo Province, dreds of others living scattered about and sweeping through Capiz and An- in the midst of Catholic villages, are tique provinces and the Concepcion also known as pulahanes. The term district, till there was no Spaniard.

pulahan means semi-barbarian, anti- either civilian or priest, left in the catholic, recalcitrant, rebels against island.

the established government, with fa- Ignorant and undisciplined, divided naticism as a characteristic. into mutually suspicious and warring There are ptdahanes in considerable factions, they soon found that their numbers in all the larger islands of the victory over the Spanish oppressors Philippines, especially in Luzon, Sa- brought them small gain. The upper- mar, Leyte, Cebu, Negros and Panay. class Filipinos in Panay became worse They live in the mountain sections of oppressors of the peasantry than the the islands, are generally at enmity Spaniards had ever been. And when with the property-owners, or upper- the pulahan peasants sought to resist class Filipinos of the towns, and be- their new oppressors massacres were cause of their social discontent and organized, and a veritable reign of ter- their fanaticism they are the ready ror inaugurated which lasted till the tools of agitators and demagogs who American army finally established wish to make trouble for the Church stable government in the island of or for the Government. This was fre- Panay in the year I901.

quently the case in Spanish times, and So it is that the pulahan people in since I900 the American army and Panay bear to this day the marks of government officials have frequently the bloody times they experienced be- had serious trouble, and even pro- tween I&)7 and IgOr. Any of the tracted fighting, with the pulahanes, men and women can tell tales of their more especially with those in Samar own suffering and of the dangers they and Leyte. passed through during those bloody Some of the most interesting events years. Hundreds and thousands of in the history of the Philippines for them were ruthlessly killed, for assas- the past ten or twelve years are never sination and poisoning and massacre written up, and do 110t appear in the raids were common occurrences dur- published government reports. One ing that time of great tribulation. Bit- of these is the remarkable develop- terness was implanted in the hearts of ment and transformation of the pula- these sturdy country and mountain hanes in the island of Panay. There peoples that is intense to this day- are several tens of thousands of these bitterness against their own kinsmen pulahanes in Panay, and that they are of the upper-class and of the towns.

brave as well as fanatical fighters is who betrayed them, seized upon the proven by the fact that they drove all fruits of their fighting the Spaniard the Spaniards out of the island within from the island, and became the worst a few days' time during the great oppressors they have ever known.

This class bitterness is intense to this bitter struggle with the Government day, and the mass of the pulahanes in forces is that in Panay the pulahanes Panay are only biding their time and have become Protestants, and had the awaiting the occasion when they may services of American missionaries ever reek a vengeance upon the town- since the year 1900. dweller and land-owner as dire as that they visited upon the Spaniard in The great petition that came in to 1897. our missionaries early in 1901, in which more than 13,000 of these pula- And yet, the remarkable thing of it hanes asked to be taught the New all is this: the Government has never Testament, and to be baptized and had any trouble with the pulahanes in trained as Protestant Christians, was Panay. They number several tens of a turning point and mighty crisis for thousands; they have the same arms these pulahan people in Panay. By and the same degree of fanaticism and that act they took definite stand as thirst for revenge as have the pula- Protestants, and as a body accepted hanes in Samar and Leyte, and yet the offices of the Baptist missionaries there has never been any serious trou- in Panay. They had been most wonble with them in Panay. The same drously prepared to take such a step conditions have existed in Panay as by one of their leaders of a generation were met in Samar and Leyte. There ago, a Filipino Roman Catholic priest were the thousands and thousands of named Padre Juan (Father John), ignorant, fanatical peasants, with arms and had been able to identify the new hidden away, and unrest and desire missionaries in 1900 as the teachers for revenge a dominant craving of Padre Juan had foretold and bidtheir natures; they were as ready a den them wait for, looking forward tool for the insurrecto leader from twenty-five years from the time he Luzon as were the peasants of Samar went to his doom in 1875. The New and Leyte. And these demagogs from Testament, which Padre Juan had the north were as much in evidence in sought to unfold to these pulahancJ Panay as in the other great Visayan in 1873-74, was their means of identiislands farther east. But the trouble fying the missionaries as the longhas never arisen between these people expected teachers, for Padre Juan had and the organized government. told them the new teachers would bring that book and give it to all the There are two reasons for this people. anomaly, one a minor reason and the other a decidedly major one. The In the early days the chief task of minor reason is that Panay is not quite the missionaries who were dealing as wild and pagan as Samar and Ley- with these people of hot blood and teo The same race and type of people sharp weapons was to restrain their inhabit all the Visayan islands, but in eager thirst for revenge upon the Panay the civilization is older, and upper-classes in the towns of the islhas permeated even to the pulahanes and. They even proposed to get tosomewhat more than it has thus far gether a mighty army of thousands of done in Samar and Leyte. But the men, and have the missionaries lead second and chief reason why the pula- them down to the towns that they hanes in Panay have never been stirred might assassinate the wealthy Filiup by Tagalog demagogs and had a pinos who had deceived and poisoned

PULAHANES IN PANAY

and massacred them, till they said that loyalty of these people to their misbut for the coming of the Americans sionary teachers and leaders is more there would not have been a pulahan intense than it ever was before. They left alive in the island. They were look to us to be faithful to the promeager in those early days to accept the ises we have given them to be their teaching of the New Testament; but teachers and leaders, and put them the teachings of Jesus: "But I say to squarely upon their feet till they can you, love your enemies," and the other walk by themselves. teaching : "Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord"-these were staggering de- The service of the missionaries to mands upon their faith and desire for the Government in the island of Pathe Gospel. nay can not be overestimated. They are most ridiculously under-appreci- The New Testament was given tv ated. In spite of the contrast between them in their own language in 1902, the records of the developments of and it wrought the same magnificent pulahanism in Samar and Leyte with change in the hearts of these fierce that in Panay, many government offipeople that it wrought centuries before cials still appear to look upon the misfor the Goths and Visigoths. The sionary as a pernicious element in the missionaries gave the pulahanes full Philippines, "disturbing the otherwise time, neglecting the work in the towns stable religious conditions" and "inand among the upper-class Filipinos, troducing new and complicating relibecause of the greatness of the oppor- gious and social elements into the situtunity and need among the pulahanes. ation." It is even plainly stated that The good offices of the missionaries the Protestant missionaries are taking served to interpret to the pulahanes advantage of the ignorance and credthe purpose and good-will of the new ulity of the pulahan peoples in Panay, government. They proposed to resist and making proselytes of them by the the taxation "unto blood," and would hundreds, only to make their last state have done so but for the missionaries. worse than the former one. The only Scheming politicians and unscrupulous apology for the work the missionary demagogs have always found the mis- has done among these pulahanes is sionaries "there" ahead of them, and in the facts themselves. A frank and more influential with the pulahanes open-minded study of the history of than were they themselves. Appeals the past ten years in the three islands to the ignorant and superstitious fears of Samar, Leyte and Panay is all that of these semi-wild people have seemed is needed to vindicate the work of the to fall flat every time; the reason was Protestant missionary, and the splenthat the Visayan New Testament was did efficacy of the Gospel for soothing there ahead of the appeal. Malicious a hot temper and restraining the and dastardly attempts have been re- strong but subtle arm of vengeance, peatedly made to misinterpret to these and dulling the edge of murderous people the motives and purpose of the weapons in the hands of a fanatical, mIssIonary. Catholic Filipinos, gen- semi-barbarous lot of mountaineers. erally relatives of the pulahanes, have lied and maligned the missionary and The Government has actually spent his work, but all in vain. To-day the hundreds of thousands of dollars and scores of lives of American and Fili-

pino soldiers in the establishing of Let us not study the past and forget stable government in Samar and Ley- the present. The great opportunity to te, and in punishing and restraining gather the whole pulahan group into the fierce passion for blood on the the Protestant Church in Samar and part of the Visayan pulahanes in those Leyte in 1900 is forever lost. But two islands. The same government the pulahan people still number tens has never spent a cent nor wasted a of thousands in those two great isllife in accomplishing the same thing ands. Opportunity for the Kingdom in Panay. And the Protestant mis- is still writ large on the map of those sionary is the all-important factor that two great islands for the discerning has produced such a contrast. With- disciple. The present duty is no less out the missionary in Panay, the same momentous than was the one we repu- . pulahan uprisings that have come to diated in 1900. And now our eyes are characterize Samar and Leyte would open. But let us remember that even have been the certain development in to this day the great island of Samar, Panay as well. And with the Prot- with more than 350,000 souls, is still estant missionary and his work in Sa- entirely without a missionary. There mar and Leyte that Panay has had, are a few Catholic priests there, but and the hundreds of thousands of dol- no Protestant missionary. The priests lars and the scores of lives, and can get control eventually of the town the court-martialing of the "Bloody'· dwellers in Samar; but they can never General Smith in Samar, and the mas- win the pulahanes. That is a fundasacre of thousands of pulahan people mental of the pulahanes-they fight in Samar and Leyte would never have the priests and the Church, and count been needed. It takes the world a them both arch enemies. But with long time to learn the potency of the tactful leadership and a large-degree Gospel of Peace. It takes the world a of self-sacrifice on the part of one or pitifully long time to learn that the two strong missionaries they will bereign of Jesus is far better than the come Protestants almost en masse. reign of the war-god. How vastly One of the greatest opportunities facbetter and cheaper it would have been ing the Protestant workers in the to send two or three men, qualified for Philippines to-day is the great island the great task, into Samar and Leyte of Samar, with its tens of thousands in 1900, armed with the "Full armor of superstitious, fanatical, sensual puof God, with the breast-plate of Right- iahanes, who could easily be won to eousness, and the Sword of the Spirit accept Protestant leadership, for they which is the Word of God, and shod are "sheep without a shepherd," to acwith the preparation of the Gospel of cept the Protestant Gospel, for they peace," that they might have dealt have no Gospel, and accept the Protwith the pulahanes in Samar and Ley- estant's Lord, for they need and crave te as they were dealt with in Panay! for a Lord to whom their sturdy hearts One or two men of the right stamp in can give their devout homage. each of these great islands could have done the work.

A HOME IN

GOD'S MESSENGERS IN THE PHILIPPINES BY EDITH WHITE JANSEN l1issionary of the American Presbyterian Church In a village in the south of Cebn some knowledge of God's Word. Such Island, where three years ago there questions as, "What is the difference were no Protestant Christians, there between the Bible that the Protestants are now 800 Filipino Protestants, out have brought into the islands and the of a population of 7,000. Before that Dible the Church has in its keeping?" time the people had all unquestion- brought about a spirit of inquiry, and ingly prayed to their images and pic- then followed the bororwing of the tures, and trusted in the meditation of priest's Bible. There were five large the saints. The people were in every volumes with notes, but a few eveway possible guarded by their priests nings spent in comparing the Bible from contact or exchange of thought called Rome's and the one said to with those in the city of Cebu. In the have been written by the Protestants whole village no shop could be found, showed the people that had given their save a small Chinese store. The peo- time to the study that there was no ple seemed to live by barter among real difference between them. At the themselves, from time to time only same time they found out that image taking their produce to the city by worship had been forbidden by God, arduous journey, and there purchas- and several other things which the ing for themselves and others the teachings of Rome supported and necessities of life, which could not be taught. obtained by them from their fields and coconut trees. Some months later one of the men who had continued the study of a A young convert in Cebu was seek- Bible given him by the young stranger ing employment. He succeeded in -who had long since left their village obtaining the post of numerator in the —was declared to be a Protestant, and village of Oslob for the census of the as such his fellow villagers were villagers. There he began to spread warned by the priest to avoid him.

A CHURCH IN CEBU. BUILT BY POOR PEASANTS The man was astonished at the name iug in reverent thought his prayer to given to him, and so were his friends. God. One man of fifty years, and Who did they know who could have others, marveling what the closing of made him that most dreaded child of their eyes might lead to, knelt down. Satan? If the reading of God's Word, The spirit of inquiry after the God and consequent obedience to His com- their souls were seeking was thormandments made them Protestants, oughly awakened. then it was good to be a Protestant. The church which their fathers had A short time later an evangelist toiled to build, and which they had passed through the village, and before supported, now closed its doors against leaving asked that those whom the them. They were cut off from their priest had singled out as heretics and past religion. Yes, they would even their friends might gather in the close their eyes, and try to join in this neighbor's home, where he had found stranger's way of worshiping the livhimself made welcome. "Let us have ing God. worship of God before I leave," he said. "Worship of God," repeated Some of these villagers who knelt those invited; "well, now, what does in prayer that night could almost have that mean?" "Culto a Dios"-"Wor- shouted aloud as they listened to the ship of God." Such a thing had never messenger's simple words of love and been spoken to this people's knowl- simple faith in God the Savior. As edge in their language. the oldest of the little meeting exprest it: "The first words he spoke broke With much wonder some eight per- my heart to pieces. I knew that I sons gathered in the neighbor's house. was in the true way. Glory to God l" They partially learned to sing a hymn with a simple tune, and then their new Stranger scenes if possible took messenger told them to kneel down place. Open-air meetings were held. and close their eyes, each one follow- The images of the new converts were taken from their homes and hacked to

GOD'S MESSENGERS IN THE

pieces, and pictures of the saints, be- The knowledge of the fierce pers~­ fore which their parents and them- cution of the converts in the adjoining selves had burned candles and lights village, where there are over four through sickness and death, as well as hundred Christians now, led to the on the special saints' days, were destroyed. Jansens determining to leave the city Villagers from other places, as they of Cebu for the time being, and to go passed through that village, beneath and live among these villagers who the shadow of its numerous coconut have taken the Gospel to others. Many services for Bible instruction are held A BIBLE-CLASS GROUP IN A PROTESTANT SETTLEMENT I N THE PHILIPPINES The other The man in the group is a great grandfather, and all in the settlement bear his name. men are out harvesting palm-trees, were heard to ejaculate in their home during the week, and wonderingly as they observed the heap everything is sought to forward the of hacked images, "I knew that you knowledge of the Truth among the could split a coconut, but I did not people during the months in which know that you could do the same with they hope to make this village their the heads of the Virgin and the headquarters from which to work. saints." Will you pray that many who are now receiving Bible instruction may be From ninety homes in this village tat1ght by the Holy Spirit, so that they the sounds of songs of praise and may be sent forth to teach others, and prayer are heard as the families hold even be sent by their own people? their evening worship of God.

AFRICA AND THE MISSIONARY

BY BISHOP ll. LA TROBE, HERRNHUT, GERMANY There lies before us a book whose tiring force." For he believes that dedication is strikingly characteristic the great Commander is calling for the of its purpose. "To the Christian Stu- advance of a still more effective "redents of South Africa, who are yet to lief force" out of the million whites bear a great part in the evangelization who are to remain in the country, of their native land." The book is whose relations with the natives will entitled, "Studies in the Evangeliza- ever be of the closest nature, and who tion of South Africa"; its author is therefore must assume their responsi- Mr. G. B. A. Gerdener, and its pur- bility, spiritual as well as political, pose is to call his Christian country- toward the native races. men to do their duty to their country. The writer is himself the son of a If the Christian sons of South missionary, who left his German home Africa should accept this challenge in to bring the glad tidings to those in faith and holy zeal, and if they prove darkness in this land. themselves both willing and able to assume the responsibility for the com- As the general secretary of the Stu- pletion of the missionary enterprise dents' Christian Association of South in their own land, then we do not Africa, Mr. Gerdener approaches his doubt that the "foreign" missionaries subject from the point of view of a now in the country, and their home resident in the country, well acquaint- boards, would weigh the question of ed with its religious conditions, its careful and gradual transfer for the missionary history, organization and sake of the larger interests at stake in movements, its Christian resources in the great mission field. Writing from men and means, and its urgent needs the center of the mission of the Mo·· and problems. The result is this ravian Church, which commenced timely book of about two hundred work in the Cape Colony more than pages, well worthy the attention of 175 years ago, we may say that she the many who are interested in mis- has already proved her willingness for sions in South Africa in particular and such steps, if they be plainly the will in the Dark Continent as a whole. of God for His work. A dozen years Chapter by chapter it leads up to a ago she handed over her stations in challenge, addrest just to those who Greenland to the Danish State Church, should be most interested of all in the and the issue has justified the wisdom problems of South Africa with their of the resolve. The problems of selfbearing on the evangelization of the supply and self-support in South A friremainder of the continent. The writer ca have long been familiar to the is thoroughly convinced that South central board of the Moravian mis- African missions can be and should sions, and of late years they have asbe conducted by South African men sumed ever-increasing urgency also and money, thus releasing both men in their bearing on the needs and opand means for the burning necessities portunities of our newer work in Gerof the evangelization of the rest of man East Africa. These problems have the continent. He looks upon the been faced by our missionaries in the European and American missionaries Cape Colony and Kaffraria, both in as the advance guard who have done conference with one another and with yeoman service, but are now the "re- those of other societies. At the present moment they form one main sub- they have established 307 stations, with ject of earnest consideration for the 652 foreign missionaries. It is true visitation of a member of the home that the available statistics show a board to both those mission fields, so quite different proportion of ordained closely related, albeit with many differ- native workers, being about 1,150 for ences, which complicate the situation "the rest of Africa," as compared with for Ollr Church. 275 for South Africa. And here we are inclined to agree with Mr. Ger- Mr. Gerdener defines South Africa dener that this is an added reason for as the portion of the continent south a wise redistribution of the foreign of the Zambesi and Kunene rivers. force of South Africa, and especially The latter stream marks the northern for an energetic development of its boundary of German South West native force. Africa. With this exception and a part of Portuguese East Africa, the In justice to South Africa, it may whole territory is British, and includes not be forgotten that both white and the new Union of South Africa. colored missionaries have been pro- vided by the colonies for their own The fact that its dominant races country, and are being sent from are professedly Christian, and that thence to other parts of the continent evangelization has been carried on for and of the world. The Dutch Remore than a century among some of formed Church in particular has beits native tribes, goes far to make come a truly missionary church. She South Africa a Christian country. Yet is the one missionary organization of it must be canfest that six out of South Africa which is not foreign to the seven millions of its native popu- the soil. Already she cares for the lation are still heathen. And if South largest proportion of the natives in the Africa can show one million native Cape Colony. Besides this, she takes Christians, what of the remainder of effective part in the Livingstonia Misthe huge continent? According to the sion of Nyasaland. But Mr. Gerdener Statistical Atlas published by the claims the sons of these colonies in Edinburgh W orId Missionary Confer- the first instance for the evangelization ence, the rest of Africa, with its 140 of their own land. He pertinently millions of heathen, can not show an- asks why the man who knows the other million Christians. It is star- language, customs and needs of the tling that the comparatively small cor- South African native should become a ner at the South claims half the total missionary to the Sudan or China, of the African native Church. and the man to whom any part of Africa is equally unfamiliar should In other respects, too, the conditiom be encouraged to come to the South? to the north and to the south of that line, from the Kunene to the Zambesi, Let it be remembered, however, are amazingly different. Among the that our author deals with the mis- 7 million natives of the South 43 mis- sionary problem of South Africa in sionary societies are at work; and its relation to the needs of the whole they have planted 813 stations, manned continent. For the rest of Africa is by 907 ordained foreign missionaries. as terribly undermanned from a mis- For the 140 millions of the rest of the sionary point of view as China or Incontinent 51 societies are caring, and

dia, and far more so than Japan or dozen more have entered, and there Korea. And its need is doubly are now forty-three. From the stand- urgent, for Islam is advancing south- point of the oldest of these missionary ward and threatening to absorb the organizations, which was also the first native African races. Therefore, in the field in South Africa, we can not South Africa must more and more but think with Mr. Gerdener, that not approve itself as a strong bulwark a single new society should contemagainst this Moslem menace; indeed, plate work to the south of the Zamas the base for the Christian recon- besi. quest of Africa. We are equally in agreement with In pleading for reorganization of his next point that, with a view to conthe missionary force in the interests certed and effective action, every soof the whole continent, Mr. Gerdener ciety now at work in South Africa by no means falls into the error of de- ought to overhaul its aims and methclaring South Africa overmanned as ods carefully and prayerfully. Of a mission field. He takes no excep- course there are difficulties to be overtion to the number of foreign mis- come in any scheme of reconstruction. sionaries, but to the multitude of soci- Perhaps those who have labored eties. Wisely distributed over the longest in the field best know how whole area south of the Zambesi-and serious these are. Simplification and Portuguese East Africa is to-day unification of the native Church can more open to be possest than ever be- not be easy where its history goes back fore-he considers the present staff through so many decades to begin- "only fully adequate and no more. nings so various, and SQ unavoidably But this distribution is yet to be, and on denominational lines. Most of in the meantime societies of many the Moravian congregations in South nationalities, view-points, persuasions Africa date back to the days of Hotand methods of work are contending tentot slavery and Kaffir wars. And with one another for prior occupation it is as praiseworthy as it is natural, or spending much precious time in if members of such long-established keeping clear of each other, instead of congregations cling with tenacious atpressing on with holy zeal and sted- tachment to that section of the Chrisfast faith to cover the pagan soil and tian Church, which in the providence meet each other with joy." of God brought them the blessings of His Gospel. No, there are not too many men, but there are too many minds and An added peril of the present is the methods. South African missions Ethiopian movement, which unduly have reached a stage when the over- magnifies the differences of race and lapping of competing missionary agen- color. Mr. Gerdener aptly remark'> cies is as culpable as it is unwise. A that, while its spirit of home-born libfew years ago Dr. Andrew Murray erty has considerable justification, its reviewed the situation in this most methods have made it a caricature of crowded of all mission fields in his self-direction and self-support. From book, "The Kingdom of God in South a Christian point of view, South Afri- Africa." He quoted the number of ca belongs neither to the white nor to societies at thirty-one; since then a the colored man. It belongs to their

one Lord, and His children of both self-respect and self-help in temporal races must cordially cooperate in the affairs. Without the right to possess mutual endeavor to make it truly His. property, or at least homes, the con- dition of the native will always be one One of the primary steps toward of fickleness and irresponsibility." effective progress in South Africa is the carrying out of the "Mission Sta- We will neither belittle nor dwell tions Communal Reserves Bill," re- upon these and other difficulties in the cently passed by the Cape Parliament. way of mutual consolidation and re- This act makes provision for the distribution of the missionary forces. management and control of such lands They are not insuperable, if only one as are held in trust by any society for main lesson of the recent Missionary the natives, and for the granting of Conference at Edinburgh be taken to titles to registered occupiers. It prom- heart by all concerned. That lesson ises not only social and economic ad- is that the world is to be evangelized vance, but also spiritual progress as a by the united mission of the one consequence. As Mr. Gerdener says: Church of Christ rather than by the "N0 self-support or self-direction is various missions of different denomipossible in church matters without nations.

MISSIONARY HYMN* BY THE REV. HENRY BURTON, D.O.

There's a light upon the mountains, and There's a hush of expectation, and a quiet the day is at the spring, in the air, When our eyes shall see the beauty and And the breath of God is moving in the the glory of the King; fervent breath of prayer; Weary was our heart with waiting, and For the suffering, dying Jesus is the the night-watch seemed so long, Christ upon the throne, But His triumph-day is breaking, and we And the travail of our spirit is the-travail hail it with a song. of His own.

In the fading of the starlight we can see He is breaking down the barriers, He is the coming morn; casting up the way, And the lights of men are paling in the He is calling for His angels to build up splendors of the dawn; the Gates of Day; For the eastern skies are glowing as with But His angels here are human, not the light of hidden fire, shining hosts above, And the hearts of men are stirring with For the drum-beats of His army are the the throbs of deep desire. heart-beats of our love.

Hark! we hear a distant music, and it comes with fuller swell; 'Tis the triumph-song of Jesus, of our King, Immanuel!

Zion, go ye forth to meet Him! And, my soul, be swift to bring All thy sweetest and thy dearest for the triumph of our King!

• From The Bomb..y ell….d _

EDUCATION OF CHINA'S

BY MISS EFFIE MURIEL BOND, RING HWA, FUKIEN, CHINA Missionary of the Church of England Zenana Mission Just at this time the whole world is Him who is the Way, the Truth and looking at China and wondering what the Life.

wiII happen now that she has awa- At present we are using a large kened from slumber. One thing is Chinese house, which is in a tumbled taking place before our very eyes in down condition, full of rats (and in this city of Hing H wa, a few days' this city plague abounds), undrained, journey from the large city of Foo- therefore very unhealthy and very chow, in the province of Fukien, damp in the rainy season. Could we namely, an increasing desire for the be in a more deplorable situation; education of China's daughters. Pa- And surely this warrants an appeal rents are keen and anxious for their for help. Our accommodation is very daughters to learn all that can be limited for boarders, and still more se.

taught them, and not only Christian for day pupils. We have fifty-seven parents. but heathen as well. This girls on the roll, and every term more fact should stimulate all who read of come, so that we are forced to refuse it to increase their efforts to support pupils. Here is an investment for Christian mission schools in this land. time and eternity. A little given to Now is the great day of opportunity God's work in this heathen land will for enlarging the scope of this work, increase in His hands. Think care- a golden opportunity, which if allowed fully and prayerfully.

to pass by will cause disaster in this I. The voice of God is calling for land and a lack of fruitfulness in our help against the mighty foe in this own lives. It should be, and must be, land.

an inspiration to us. At present in 2. The voice of China's daughters the Church of England Zenana School is calling loudly for help in their pov- there is a class of elder girls who erty, distress and ignorance of all that would rank creditably with many a is right and good and healthy and home class of girls of similar age in pure.

Bible study and other studies. Some 3. The voice of one of God's serv- of our teachers have passed through ants, laboring in this land amid innu- the school, and are glad to remain and merable difficulties-disease, sin and help in the work. death abounding on all sides, such as China's daughters will in future one never sees in the home-lands-is mold this nation for good or ill. What calling for help that these girls may have we done to help them? Can any learn (I) to understand a healthy one read of China to-day without a body and trained mind, and may de- keen or burning desire to have a part velop them; (2) that they may over- and share in the work of bringing come and be free from sin through some to the light of the truth of the the power of Jesus Christ.

Gospel of Christ, without whom all This appeal is sent by one of the our teaching is in vain? The Chinese i110St honored friends of the Editor-in- Government is trying to educate their Chief, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Walker, daughters without Christ. The result of Leicester, England. They were his will be most disastrous for a girl traveling companions on the recent whose knowledge does not include journey to' Japan, and spent two months on a visit to the mission sta- "There is ample ground available tion in Ring Rwa, China, where a son, for good school buildings, which Catl Dr. Ronald R. Walker, is working at his own expense. We could wish that be put up for the small sum of $2,500, some Christian steward may be moved to help supply the urgent need, and and I would earnestly appeal to may share in this noble and fruitful friends to provide this small sum. work for the Master. Mr. and Mrs. Walker have given very largely to the The Pastors and Churches support of the medical station, having built a hospital and contributed gen- "I spent eight weeks in the Poreng erously in other ways. district of Fukien province last spring, studying the needs of the people and The girls' school is doing excellent visiting many of the churches while work under the care of Miss Bond, but staying with my son, Dr. R. R. Walkis greatly hindered by most adverse er, in Ring Rwa city. The district i'i surroundings. A good, sound Chris- a very fertile agricultural plain, surtian education is given, and many rounded on three sides by mountains. girls are trained to become teachers The population is immense, at least in the native schools. Mr. Walker 5,000 villages, and of these 3,000 have says: not been worked or heard the Gospel. The hill population is also very large. "China's women must be reached by and during one day's trip to visit their own people, as the opportunities churches we met great numbers of are far too vast for white mission- women, mostly carrying firewood, aries to undertake. Miss Bond is bamboos, baskets, etc., to the city. We helped by young Chinese women counted over 2,000, and then gave it whom she has trained, but the work up. is so great that many applicants have to be refused. I do not understand "The people area sturdy, indehow one lady can undertake so great pendent and pugnacious race, similar a work, but like many of our mission- to the pioneer folk of olden days at aries Miss Bond is working far beyond home. They are no 'Rice Christians,' her strength. The health of herself as no help is given in the way of charand pupils also suffers from the dark ity, nor do they join the Christians in and unsanitary rooms. hope of protection against lawsuits and feuds, for none is given. "Christian teaching pervades the whole. Many of the girls are truly "We had many opportunities of converted and lead earnest Christian seeing the catechists and churchlives, so that they carry Christianity members, and were greatly imprest by by their lives' example and precept to their self-denying earnestness in the their homes during the holidays and Lord's service. The Chinese Church after leaving school. Some meet with is self-supporting and entirely indegreat opposition from heathen rela- pendent, Rev. C. Shaw and one traveltives, but remain true, and by their ing catechist alone receiving help from changed lives become a power for abroad. Christ in homes which the missionary can not reach. "For some time I felt very unwilling to do anything to render it less neces- sary for all members to deny them- selves to help in the Lord's work; but after going very fully into the matter

I became satisfied that this will not be annum. Twenty-eight churches gave the case, but if the $5,000 they seek is $1,500 as salary for twenty-six cateraised it will secure that each cate- chists. Rice is expensive, and the chist receive his $45.00 per annum, catechists' wages should be at least and also will enable new churches to $50, Mexican, per annum; but owing be opened. Many of the catechists to insufficient funds they are obliged could easily earn $150 per annum in to take less, and one catechist had to secular situations, but they are willing serve two churches. to take less than half the amount as Christian teachers for the Lord's "The catechists are not able to sake." properly attend to the two churches, and the members have fewer oppor- The following is a translation from tunities of hearing the Gospel. The Chinese notes by Seh se Sen, signed catechist may be an earnest and zealon behalf of the pastor, catechists, ous worker; but if his thoughts have school-masters and members at Hing constantly to be occupied by seeking Hwa: for the means of livelihood, he can not efficiently serve the church. "The Ring H wa District Church was begun in 1877 by missionaries "The Church Council have earnestfrom Foochow. Down to 1893 the ly sought means to remedy the diffiwork was small, and only fifty-six per- culty; they can not open new churches sons were baptized. Instruction was and are very anxious not to close given by occasional visits from Foo- old ones. Three years ago the chow. There were two churches and Church Council made an effort to colthree catechists. Forty doliars was lect $10,000 as a sustenation fund, the collected annually. In 1894 Rev. C. interest of which was to be used in Shaw was permanently appointed to making up deficits in catechists' salthe city, a man of great earnestness, aries; but all they could raise was and the people gladly received his in- $2,000, the interest of which is used. struction. The church became more important, and from 1894 to 1910, "The Church Council hope that through the Holy Spirit's blessing. those who love the furtherance of our 1,195 were baptized, 56 churches es- Lord's kingdom will unloose their tablished, and 13 schools, with 284 purse-strings and help in making the scholars attending, and 32 catechists Church in this district strong, its roots and school-masters. deep, and its branches wide-spreading. We hope friends will not be offended "The harvest is great but the labor- by our request for help, and that the ers few, and it is difficult to spread earnest prayer of the Poreng church the Gospel through the district. For will be granted. Six churches have a want of money catechists can not be leader and a catechist; in the others, sent. The members offered for cate- if they have a school, one man has to chists' salaries, the highest from $60 do the work of both. There is one to $70, down to from $20 to $30 per native pastor for all the churches."

ABORIGINES OF SOUTH AMERICA *

A STUDY FROM A MISSIONARY AND COMMERCIAL STANDPOINT BY R. J. HUNT Is it worth while trying to preserve of the pioneers came the growth the Indians of South America? The of trade, the extension of agricultural question, which was asked by a well- pursuits, and the opening of mines, read man interested in the progress of with the inevitable introduction of South American affairs, implied that suitable means of traffic. There came the natives were a dying race; that simultaneously the desire for independthey were a menace to the settlers, and ence and the consequent rise of rea hindrance to the general welfare of publics, with a demand for progress the various States. and a clear determination of territorial bounds. As the population increased For centuries the red man roamed lands went up in value till the price at will over the vast plains, and near the large towns became prohibihunted unrestricted in the deep for- tive, and the virgin country to which ests. He cultivated the land where the Indians had perforce to retire was he chose to set up his rude hut. and coveted. Railways were opened up in fished in the rivers or swamps in his various directions, the great rivers vicinity. Each tribe fixt its own bound- were supplied with steamers which ary ana formulated its own laws, and, plied up and down them, trade inapart from a few tribal differences creased, companies were formed, and (arising from some family dispute, ir- numerous interests started. regular marriage contract, an insulting word, or desire to plunder), which For scientific and commercial purmight result in a skirmish, or in some poses expeditions up the great watercases a desultory feud between the ways and across the trackless plains tribes, the Indians otherwise lived a were organized and carried out with peaceful, primitive existence. varying success; but even to-day there remain vast regions unknown and un- Their quiet was interrupted by the explored except by the red Indians. occupation of their country by the Despite the advance of civilization and Spaniards and Portuguese, the intra- the invasion of their territory by the duction of slaves from Africa, and a farmer, planter, trader, miner, and scilong line of settlers who poured in entist, some of the native tribes quietly from alI parts of the world. These held on, hunting and fishing while suppioneers of civilization settled on the plies lasted, and gradually mingling land, married, and peopled the waste with the colonists, who employed them places, and left to their children the in simple work or trained them to large plantations, enormous sheep and some of the civilized arts of life. As cattle farms, or colossal businesses their tastes improved, the constant that they had founded. Some of these supply of fresh beef, bread, vegetables, early colonists were of a friendly dis- and sweets made the Indians disconposition, and treated the natives kind- tented with their precarious mode of ly, much in the same way as they did living, and many threw in their lot their horses or their dogs; others, with with the settlers. a high sense of honor, were just and considerate to the aborigines; a fair Some of them, who were treated in percentage of them (especially those a friendly way, would visit the settler in the wild, remote districts) freely and lounge about his place thankmingled with the natives and married lessly picking up scraps of food and one or more of their women; but the exchanging their natural woolen gargreat majority of the settlers looked ments for food and drink, content to upon the natives with suspicion and clothe themselves in rags or sacks, and distrust, if not with abhorrence. learning more of the vices of civilized life than of industry, temperance, and With the influx of immigrants and purity. With their constitutions weakthe natural increase of the descendants • Conden.ed from The East ood the West.

ened by the lack of regular food and labor-but they spend the rest of the suitable clothing they contracted disease, and the outbreak of an epidemic year in their old ways. In these in- of measles, smallpox, or pneumonia terior parts the Indians are both nuin the district would leave the tribe almost extinct. merous and vigorous, and there is no reason to think that they will die out. Other and more warlike tribes re- They are divided up into tribes varysisted the invader. An unkindness ing from ten to a hundred thousand, arising out of a friendly visit, or a and speak different languages or diaslight indiscretion on the part of the lects. At present they have plenty of colonist would be sufficient to rous~ room to roam and hunt, but no provia tribe to loot cattle or horses. If this sion in the way of a reserve has been act were revenged in any way the tribe made for them. The land has been would probably rise en masse and marked out on paper and sold to priattack the ranch, and would sometimes vate companies or individuals, and as set fire to the dwelling and murder the the country opens out the Indians' inhabitants. driving off their cattle. sphere will become proportionately re- This would be followed by an appeal stricted. to the Government for protection and redress, and a military expedition The Indians, however, do not lack would be equipped and sent to destroy friends among the influential and culthe Indians. Thousands have been tured residents in South America. An massacred in this way, and the sur- association has been formed for their vivors live in danger of meeting a protection. The wealthy landowners similar fate. The more intelligent value the natives as workers, and the members of the various council cham- humanitarian opposes a policy of exbers in the republics have come to termination. A strong public opiniol1, realize, however, that there must be due to the action of a few ministers found better measures for the reduc- and the energetic publications of the tion of these aboriginal tribes which editor of an important daily paper, is do not involve their destruction but gradually being formed, which in time provide for their becoming useful cit- will do a great deal toward securing izens of the community. justice and consideration for the many Indian tribes of the Gran Chaco. In th.e Gran Ch.aco To the sainted Allen Gardiner, a In the region known as the Gran captain in the Royal Navy, belongs OIaco, in the heart of South America, the honor of bringing to general which is owned by the republics of notice the condition and great need of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, the these aboriginal peoples. He traveled Indians have been little molested by far into the interior of the Chaco and the white man. As civilization ad- formulated plans for reaching its tribes vanced they fled into the recesses of before he started to the more needy the forests, swamps, and plains of that peoples of the extreme South, wllere primeval country, and have remained he laid down his life while endeavorprimitive and unspoiled. Some of ing to take the Gospel to them. He them venture occasionally into civil- has had a noble succession of followized life to ca.tch a glimpse of a ers, and in particular the venerable steamer or to spend a few weeks on a Bishop Stirling, first Bishop of the cattle farm or in a sugar plantation, Falkland Isles. Through his exerand then return to their natural fast- tions, the repeated requests of Dr. nesses and simple modes of life. Some Stewart, the British consul in Paratribes have been persuaded to engage guay, and the influence of Admiral in regular work at certain times of the Sir James Sullivan the South Ameriyear-e.g., in wood-cutting, harvesting can Missionary Society decided to cotton and sugar, and other unskilled start work among the Chaco peoples.

In 1887 Mr. Hendrickson was sent up to Paraguay to make inquiries, and

ABORIGINES OF SOUTH

the following year he and two others the water brackish, and the depth un- were appointed to the work. The certain, the river in rainy seasons leader, however, was not used to a overflowing its banks, and during a rough life, and tho he kept uncom- period of drought shallow 01' dry. plainingly to his post, he contracted These two expeditions, supplemented a severe chill and succumbed at the by later investigations by land and end of the year 1889. Bishop Stirling river, prove the unsuitability of these then appointed a young layman to take waterways as a means of communicharge of the work-Mr. W. Bar- cation with the interior. brooke Grubb-who had had several years' experience among the Yaghans After spending several months in of Tierra del Fuego. picking up a slender vocabulary, Grubb, unable to rest any longer near The site that Hendrickson chose lay the river banks, determined to make on the Chaco bank of the River Para- an exploring journey to the Indians of guay, about thirty-three miles north oi the interior. He WaS warned by the the little Paraguayan town of Villa Paraguayans of the terrible death Concepcion. It was situated at the awaiting him if he made the attempt, mouth of a stream, or "riacho," that but he persuaded some of the "Coast" emptied itself into the Paraguay at (i.e., river) Indians to guide him, and this spot, and near an Indian "toldo," started on horseback into the unor village, where there dwelt an old known. Everything was new to him, chief whom the Paraguayans called and every precaution was taken to Fernandez. The name of the mission avoid giving offense or creating disstation was therefore called Riacho trust among the natives. He learned Fernandez. A log hut was built and afterward of the roundabout way by a piece of ground enclosed for a gar- which he had been guided; but he den, and an attempt made to estab- pushed' ahead well into the country, lish friendly relations with the Indians and was favorably tho cautiously reof the toldo. The natives were very ceived. He learned a good deal about degraded through contact with the the country, Cllstoms, and home life low-class Paraguayans, and Mr. of the people. One night he stayed Grubb felt from the very first that he at a village where a feast was in would have to travel into the interior progress. Feasts are held in honor and reside among the people inland of the coming of age of both sexes, if he wished to find the purest types and merely for pleasure when food is and those who would be ready to abundant. A favorite drink is made accept the Gospel. A small steam- from honey and the bean fruit (algarolaunch was supplied to the mission, and ba), and the natives are very noisy Grubb early formed an acquaintance when they have partaken of this nawith a surveyor who was interested tive beer. Grubb did not feel at all in the Chaco and anxious to penetrate comfortable as he lay on the ground it to its depths. The two agreed to under his mosquito-net listening to the make a preliminary trip up the Monte monotonous chanting, which contin- Lindo, a stream south of Concepcion. ued right through the night, and the This was followed by a voyage up the altercations of the intoxicated feasters, Rio Verde, some miles north of the After some weeks he returned to hl~ mission station. Both rivers were quarters at the coast, determined to choked with fallen timber and dense use his splendid physical powers in water reeds, and traveling was slow traversing the country, visiting these and dangerous. Snags had often to scattered villages, and endeavoring to be sawn or chopped under water, and raise them mentally and mor_ally. the screws set free from trailing water plants, but by dint of dogged perse- On his return to Riacho Fernandez verance they explored a long way inland. The course was very winding, he found his fellow missionary anx- ious to leave. Moreover, difficulties had arisen about the occupation of the

land, and it was thought best to aban- implements, and other necessities, in- don it, as the agent proposed setting cluding articles for the payment of up a wood-cutting establishment. De- labor. prived thus of companion and missIOn station, he received orders to visit the Another important department of Brazilian frontier in Paraguay proper work was then started; namely, trad- as a possible sphere of work. He saw ing. The Indians were accustomed to a good deal of camp life, but a revolu- throwaway the skins of the animals tion broke out and forced him to slaughtered in the chase, and the return. On his arrival in Concep- feathers of the rhea, except a few they <;ion he received notice from the Land wanted for personal adornment or for Company that their store had been pil- use in their huts. Grubb pointed out laged by Indians, and a request that to them the value of these articles, he would come and see if anything and offered to sell them for them and could be done to regain the goods or give them an exchange in beads, their value. Grubb at once returned knives, axes, files, mosquito-nets, etc. to his old station, and, after making a This served a double missionary pur- few inquiries, set off on horseback into pose: it attracted the people to the sta- the interior to trace the stolen prop- tion, and it prevented the Indians erty. He found the thieves about coming into contact with unscrupulous twenty miles inland, and prevallea traders. In later years we tapped the upon them to bring to the company's whole country from a trading-point agents an equivalent value in skins of view, and, to meet the requirement::. and feathers. This incident decided of trade, had to run special carts, Grubb's career. He had no inclination which we paid for out of the small to leave the Lenguas, or Lengua-Mas- profits. Some Indian young men were coy, as the Indians of this part are then trained in this particular work called, so he forthwith built for him- of bartering, so that eventually they self a hut at the place where he had might possess shops of their own and discovered the thieves and lived there trade' with their less privileged friends for several months. His confidence in them and his action in resigning civil- of distant villages. ization to live among them proved him In 1892 other workers were sent to be their friend, so that he had prac- tically no further difficulties. out to join him, and after they had settled down to their new surround- Having gained their confidence, he ings and could carry on the work of began to wander about among the dis- the station, Grubb felt himself free to tant villages, inviting the young people carry out some long-cherished plans to come and help him build a station. of a prolonged visit to the Western They responded to his invitation, and tribes, and to reconnoiter for a more after careful investigation he chose a suitable and central mission station. high spot on the banks of the Rio He went from village to village, spend- Verde, about thirty miles inland from ing a few days in each place, enlarging the River Paraguay. He built a house his experience and increasing his for himself and fences for cattIe, and knowledge of the people. He was enclosed land for gardens. The In- present at a native burial, for example, dians flocked round him and helped to and saw how the body was doubled up . the best of their ability. Tho he was into a sitting posture and placed into unskilled in the use of tools and had a shallow grave, together with the considerable difficulty in teaching them dead man's bag and personal treasures. how to handle the ax and spade, by Three arrows were shot through the his indomitable persistence he accom- heart and his bow was then broken and plished a great work. He next se- cast into the grave. On the return of cured a bullock-cart and an assistant the party the village was burned to the ground, and the possessions of the de- to drive it, and brought out provisions, ceased were burned, or, in the case of animals, killed and eaten. The rela-

THE ABORIGINES OF SOUTH AMERICA 53

tives crop their hair and blacken their the more formidable troubles of floods faces as a sign of mourning, and then or droughts to contend with. The remove to a distant place for about a year 1892, for example, was one of month. In one case Mr. Grubb saved drought, and preparations for a good a child from being buried alive with harvest at the little station of Thlagits mother. He waged constant war nasinkinmith were doomed to disapagainst the practise of infanticide, and pointment, as practically all the crops successfully prevented the starvation failed. The next year was one of and premature burial of a number of flood, the houses, fences, outbuildings old and infirm persons of both sexes. and gardens being so inundated that they had to be abandoned. Grubb now The Lenguas are not polygamists, set to work to find a permanent site, but they sometimes leave one wife and and after several attempts to settIe in take another. The original cause of various places, land was purchased dissent often emanates from the wife, and building was commenced at Waikwho has no difficulty in remarrying. thlatingmangyalwa in 1895. As a rule, after the birth of the first child the husband and wife are faith- At this time the workers were fOUl ful to each other. The custom prevails in number, and having decided upon for the man to leave his own clan and Waikthlatingmangyalwa, which was situated about a hundred miles from go and live with his wife's people, the the river, as the center of operations, relationship being traced on the female we disposed ourselves in the following line. The villages are generally small, way: One of us had to remain at the containing six or seven families, and river to be in general touch with the numbering about fifty souls, tho some world and to attend to business mathave been known to contain a popula- ters, such as correspondence and the tion of 200. The huts in the villages purchase of goods; another took are the simplest that could be imag- charge of the transport department for ined, and consist of a few branches taking supplies into the interior; a placed in the ground surmounted with third remained in charge of the stagrass and leaves, or a reed mat resting tion; while the fourth was free to on a couple of props. The people have move about as occasion demanded, few possessions, and live a quiet, con- and to push forward itinerant work tented life of hunting and fishing, among the surrounding peoples. occasionally spending a few days in their gardens. In the summer both The transport of goods first desexes collect the various wild fruits manded attention. A road had been and edible roots. The women are in- cut to the first station, and it had been dustrious; their few sheep supply them a comparatively easy task to take out with wool, which they spin, dye, and bullock-carts there, but the "camp" beweave into blankets and belts for the yond was more difficult to negotiate, men; vegetable fibers are prepared being subject to inundation. Several and twisted, from which they make deep swamp streams had to be bags, cradles, and fishing-nets; they crossed and a road cut through three also make clay cooking-pots and or four fairly dense forests, while most water-jars; and for dress use softened of the open camps were filled with the skins for skirts and untanned pelts serried ranks of ant-hills which re- quired leveling. Experienced Eurofor winter wear as mantles. pean drivers told us that it was im- The soil for the most part is un- practicable to convey goods by means of bullock-carts over such a track, suitable for agriculture on a large and the Indians, from a superstitious scale, but here and there can be found point of view, objected to the foreign patches of good garden ground which vehicle advancing into the heart of produce abundant crops so long as their country. They therefore set to the conditions are favorable; but, in work with charm and cant to hinder addition to the difficulty caused by locusts and various grubs, there are

its progress, and, worst of all, we had paddock made, and ground was no capable assistants to do the heavy cleared for a garden. Our circum- work. Hitherto we had few needs, stances compelled us to keep cattle to and our food and mail were conveyed provide milk and fresh meat for ouron pack-horses; but now the success selves and employees; we also had a of our work depended largely on an number of sheep and goats. adequate transport service. We set to work, therefore, to cut a rough track, We further conceived the idea of and, by improving it every time we training the natives to various branchpassed along, we managed to take out es of cattle work, such as marking, a cart or two every few months. When herding, slaughtering, tanning of the natives found that we were so de- hides, plaiting of lassoes, and dairy termined, and that the witch doctor's work, aiming eventually at securing charms were powerless to prevent the for each a settled home, with a small arrival of the carts, they gave us their farm, cattle, sheep, and hens. We assistance. They were, however, in- worked side by side with these growndifferent workmen, and needed years up children, using every opportunity of training. Later on we cut a new to teach them the great moral ana road to the river, built rest-houses and spiritual truths that were ever upperfences for the animals, supplied boats most in our thoughts. We taught to the streams for the crossing of the them the use of the ax, saw, hammer, and spade; caused them to realize goods, and had a regular supply of na- the difference between straight and tives for the train of carts. Tho still crooked, length and shortness, depth arduous, the transport is now on a firm and height, tried to instil into their basis. Regular communication is kept unwilling minds the necessity of conup with the outside world, and the tinuous labor during work hours; exdriving and camping is now done by plained to them the value of money trustworthy natives. The days of and the advantage of acquiring propshort commons are now rare, and the erty; and demonstrated the superiormodern missionary has not to go about ity of a palm water-proof dwelling in hare feet in order to save his boots, over their grass huts. to make a pair of trousers out of a rice sack, or to dry the once-used tea- Incidentally, hard work, regular leaves for a second or third brew. food, and more stable houses dealt The agent at the one end receives his a heavy blow to their superstitions. orders and supplies the goods, the Those who had been afflicted with native carters pack the loads and take chronic dreams and visions of ghosts them safely to their destination. requiring energetic chanting and noc- turnal rattling of gourds began to Having solved the transport diffi- enjoy sound slumber. The half-weekculty, we prepared to build up the ly feast became less frequent, and the station. The work before us consisted burning of houses and property a still in the industrial training of the natives rarer event. Gradually the natives in order to fit them for the battle with settled down to regular work, and decivilization and competition with other sired to gain a certain amount of effiraces. We ran up several rough shan- ciency in building and thatching, ties, but took our time in the building fencing and well-digging, felling of of a capacious mission-house. The trees, sawing timber into lengths, country was canvassed for helpers, and cattle work, and gardening. Later on the most intelligent were chosen and the younger men went into a wellpersuaded to take up residence with appointed carpenter's shop and sawus for a number of months. The pit, and were instructed, under a promise of a mare or calf as a reward thoroughly qualified teacher, to conand the regular supply of food influ- struct a building accurately fitted with enced them in their decision to stay. doors and windows, and furnished A corral for cattle was built, a smaIl with seats and tables as required. Re-

THE ABORIGINES OF SOUTH AMERICA

cently one of the young men with the Lessons in cleanliness and order in apprentices built and fitted a new their improved houses followed, the school, and in his odd time gained children had to be properly attended a little pocket money by renewing gun- to, and their men-folks' food cooked stocks for his friends. Another made more systematically. They did not a bullock-cart and furnished his cot- at first take kindly to the new order tage with chairs and tables. Instead of things, but we were eventually re- of the rickety beds, lacking softness warded by the younger women appear- but sl1perabundantly supplied with ir- ing with clean bodies and well-kept regular prominences, that were in hair to sit down and sew with needle vogue in the early days. the latest or machine. Clothes were sent to the arrivals are supplied with carefully laundry and were returned carefully planed wooden frameworks support- washed, mangled, ironed, mended, and ing an elastic hide bed, and the uneven folded. Rooms were swept and top of a box has given place to smooth, dusted, the food nicely cooked and steady tables and desks. Lashings for presented on a well-laid table, with the buIIocks are supplied from the bread thoroughly baked, and even the farm department, as well as a regular luxury of cakes and pastry! Girls supply of milk and meat. The work- were taught to milk and make butter men are registered and paid by ethe and cheese. The babies improved in native clerk, and are served with what appearance and health, and the little' they require from the butcher's shop, cottages were kept neat and free from green-grocer's, or the native stores, rubbish. From the start we discourand at the end of the year each worker aged a departure from native dress, male or female, can compete at the on hygienic grounds, and waited for "exhibition" for prizes for the best the natural change of garment with work in all branches of industry. the general advance of the race. The blankets of the men, however, proved From the first it was apparent that to be so unseuitable for riding and fot it would be a very one-sided mission ax work that European clothing was if only men were dealt with. The adopted; the women found it necessary country and conditions of life were to wear aprons for their household not suited to European women, so duties, and, having reached the stage again we made our necessities the of washing and mending, we allowed occasion for the training of the native these innovations, but still compelled women. It is said of the Chaco that the native dress for all formal ocevery insect carries a sting and every casions and after work hours. tree a thorn; certainly we suffered considerably from the teeming insect The raising of a nation is accomlife, and our clothes bore abundant plished by the lifting up of individuals, traces of their contact with thorns and by coming into close touch with and spines. The darning and mend- the people while instructing them in ing, washing and sewing became te- the elementary principles of honest dious in the extreme. We therefore labor, we neglected no opportunity of instructed the women in these delicate winning the affection and respect of feminine arts, and were rewarded for everyone; and by gentle reproof, our patient lessons by having our quiet explanation, and kind example clothes attended to. In time they be- pointed out the way of truth and came expert, careful, useful, and righteousness .. trustworthy; and when it became safe for lady workers to enter the country, Their unwritten language was by the women were ready to receive no means easy to learn. Having no special training in all branches of medium (Spanish and Guarani being needlework. Cooking and the prepar, unknown in the interior), we had to ing of meals came later, as their habits acquire their language by writing had first to undergo an improvement. down the words as they were spoken and by guessing at the meanings.

Needless to say that we committed good news sped from village to village, many blunders, much to the amuse- and serious inquiries were made by ment of the people. As the years people from all parts. Our services rolled by the vocabularies increased, were well attended, and, after being and out of the chaos of words and duly prepared, the most promising phrases we evolved our dictionaries candidates were received into the vis- and grammars. Long before we ible Church.

could speak correctly, in very broken Meantime the young people had words, helped out with a plentiful sup- been gathered together and taught to ply of gestures, we explained pictures sit still while the mysteries of letters to them and instructed them in some and figures were made known to them.

of the great truths of Christianity. We It was uphill work trying to teach also used the lantern to bring the these wild descendants of hunters.

events of our Lord's time more vividly The bow and arrow were more famil- before them. The first time it was iar than the pencil, and chasing birds used the 'natives were afraid, and cov, and lizards more to be desired than ered their faces; they did not like the learning sounds and symbols. It was "little devil in a black box that jumpea irksome to work for a week at a time, out on to the white blanket." and the slightest pretext would be used No formal services were held for by them to absent themselves from some years. We continued our own school. After two years' effort nine or family prayers night by night, and the ten boys had grasped the principle of house was always open and free to reading by syllables, and delighted to everyone, so out of curiosity some of show off their knowledge to the others.

the natives came in to see us "talking This step having been taken, they to the Book," and in their polite way settled down to work with a will, and would remain quietly listening to the at the end of three months could read end. By and by we introduced a short fluently anything that was put before Lengua prayer at the end of our own, them, could write neatly, and had mas- which we gradually added to. Then tered the first principles of arithmetic.

came a day when one of their own The Bible lessons were listened to most people (Philip, our first convert) attentively, and it became a delight offered up a short extempore prayer. to teach. School-books were ar- This developed into an informal serv- ranged and printed, and tentative ice every evening, and as soon as our translations made, typewritten copies own adherents showed signs of inter- being supplied to the schoolboys for est we prevailed upon them to help reading. St. Mark's Gospel was re- us build a church, pointing out to vised and printed on tlle spot, Indian them that it was to be their church, Christians helping in the work of pro- and that they must give their labor duction. This was followed by the free. They responded heartily, and a Book of Genesis. The church services church was built. A simple form of grew in importance, the service was service was drawn up, containing the extended and improved, and the older Confession, Lord's Prayer, Creed, and boys in the school were encouraged to Ten Commandments, with a few read the lessons in the church. They prayers. Bishop Stirling baptized our read the Gospel so assiduously that first two converts in June, 1899, and they knew many parts by rote, and on soon after that these two young men one occasion, when the lamp was became earnest in their endeavors to blown out by the wind, the native persuade others. Unknown to us they reader went on steadily reading from started a little prayer-meeting at night memory to the end of the chapter.

under the trees near the station, and Then came the introduction of the they began to go from place to place canticles and hymns, and the children telling the Gospel story and persuad- of the school were trained to sing in ing their friends to seek baptism. The parts and to form the choir. As the

19II ] THE ABORIGINES OF SOUTH AMERICA

church grew in strength and numbers Visitors to the mission have been it became necessary to translate the gratified and surprized with the won- Baptismal and Confirmation services derful advance made in a few years and the Communion Office, and, final- among these natives, whose work comly, the full service after the order pares favorably with the Paraguayans; of .our own Prayer Book. A hymn- and ministers of the republic admit that the method of the Christian misbook was composed and printed, and sionaries is far superior to the policy the four Gospels and the Acts were of extermination. They have offered translated and printed for their use. us concessions of land both in Argen- tina and Paraguay, in order that we From the time of the first baptism may take up this work of civilizing we encouraged the Christians to seek and evangelizing the nomads of the their fellows, and a number of promis- Gran Chaco. Our baptized Christians ing young men were trained as evan- are registered as citizens, and as such gelists and teachers. In the school can be protected. they helped as pupil-teachers, and at certain times of the year they were Our dream for many years has freed from their technical work to go been to link up the whole Chaco by from place to place preaching and mission stations. Weare advancing teaching. In this way they have westward and northward from the reached the distant toldos and have River Paraguay, and are now starting on the western frontier, in the Argeneven extended to the borders of neigh·· tine Republic, to work among the boring tribes, speaking through inter- Tobas, Matacos, Chiriguanos, and preters. other tribes who are employed on the big sugar plantations of San Pedro de With the advance of the people their Jujuy. Our aim then is to work inland native feasts became distasteful, and we were face to face with the problem among the tribes to whom we are of providing healthy recreations. known by repute, and who are willing Football, hockey, and skittles supplied to receive us, and to gather out of them with outdoor amusements, and these despised and insulted races a we started a young men's meeting remnant to swell the numbers of the one night in the week (the girls being redeemed, and to save from extinction invited to the monthly meeting). and raise, if possible, to honor and use- Friends presented us with a gramo- fulness the descendants of the once phone and lantern-slides, songs were powerful and dreaded Inca. composed and sung, native stories of hunting and adventure were told, seri- From this simple record of methods ous addresses on thrift, history, min- employed and results attained among erals, 'latural history, etc., were given, the Lenguas in twenty years of misand the result was entirely satisfac- sionary work, and from the descriptory. One outcome was the estab- tion of this thriving, peaceful, induslishment of a savings-bank, which trious, Christian community, let the perhaps more than anything else has reader draw his own conclusion helped to show the people the impor- whether the South American aborigtance of self-support, independence, ines need be a menace to the settler and the feasibility of each possessing and cumberers of the ground, and a house, a garden, and some live- whether it is worth while to continue stock. The subscribers possess about the work of preaching the Gospel on 250 head of cattle, a direct result of the lines above described. their thrift.

MISSIONARY

THE ISLAND WORLD delegation was a former Singapore Anglo-Chinese schoolboy-which only A Field for Protestanh goes to show how wide-spread, and even unexpected, are the returns from vVest Borneo is a large field with this strong mission school. splendid opportunities for Christian work, and the opportunities increase A Wonderful Decade in the Philippines day by day. At present the Methodists are the only Protestants working Scarcely ten years ago the first here, except that the Government has American teachers arrived at Manila in its service a Dutch clergyman, who to begin the work of establishing a is spending his time exclusively among public-school system in the Philipthe European residents and the sol- pines. The central purpose was to diers. The Roman Catholic Church is prepare the people for self-governas active as ever in building churches ment. A unified language was immeand schools and preaching her doc- diately recognized as a first requiretrines to the people. The Moham- ment. There could never be such a medan Haj is are also doing mission- thing as a republic where 65 or more ary work for their re1igion.-Malaysia tribes had not a common medium of Message. communication. English was chosen in preference to Spanish because it is Numbering the Aborigines the tongue of liberty, of freedom, and of the highest civilized and most dom- Some difficulty seems to be antici- inant people in the world. English is pated in obtaining the total number to be the dominant language of the of the aborigines of Australia for in- East, and the Philippines must be up clusion in the census to be taken next with the most advanced if not in the month. It is believed that there are lead of the foremost. Here is witover 100,000 natives in the Common- nessed under our eyes a most striking wealth, the majority of whom are still contrast: a Spanish-trained civilizaliving in their original state, far re- tion of 350 years ago as seen in the moved from the haunts of white men. parents, and an American-trained They have no numerical system. Num- modern life as seen in the children. bers are practically divided between The contrast has been so great and the "a few" and "a lot." It is impossible, wrench has been so violent that it is therefore, to find out from the natives little wonder that the ignorant, superthemselves how many there are in stitious, Romanized parent sometimes each tribe. feels that the earth is dropping from under him and that adjustment to new The Gospel Wanted in Java conditions is almost impossible.

Bishop Oldham, writing from Sing- The ReLirth of Manila apore, says: "Perhaps the notable thing of the Conference was a visit In a recent issue of the London from a Chinese delegation coming Times a correspondent speaks of "the from Java with an earnest request rebirth" of this city. After describthat we agree to cooperate with the ing the old walled town called "Inhalf-million Chinese living in Java to tramuros," and a congestion of 200,- give them adequate schools for their 000 inhabitants amid disease-breedchildren, they paying the bilIs almost ing conditions, the great London daily entirely. The special proposition was tells of the work of Mr. D. H. Burnthat we should take charge of a cen- ham, of Chicago, in planning for· a tral 'middle school,' located at Buiten- city of 2,000,000 in the ft1ture, and the zorg, the summer capital of the Dutch work that has so far progrest, calling Indies. They agree to supply the particular attention to the erection of building and assume endowment for the new capitol building, to meet the a principalship. How this will work needs of the elective legislative asout time will show. The delegation sembly. After discussing several othel" was received impressively, and goes improvements, the Times continues: back with the feeling that their errand was not in vain. The leader of the

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

"If the Americans were to evacuate Hurricane in Fiji the Philippines to-morrow, in the improvement which they have wrought On the night of March 24th, and in the sanitary conditions of the isl- the following day, a devastating hurriands they would leave a monument for cane smote a large portion of Fiji, which they would deserve to be held destroying houses, churches, and food in grateful remembrance. Not only plantations, and consequently the work in Manila, but throughout the prov- in the parts affected has been hindered inces, the twin scourges of the Fili- and disturbed in all its departments. pino in the past-cholera and small- It was with great difficulty and expox-have been almost exterminated." pense that the institutions at Davuile- vu were kept going, the whole of their Methodism in the Philippines food plantations having been de- stroyed. In the Rewa Circuit, 77 In ten years the Methodist Church churches were wrecked, and 83 teachin these islands has grown to 30,000 ers' houses were "blown to ribbons." members and 10,000 adherents. Five In the Nadroga Circuit 800 houses hundred Filipinos are under appoint- were blown down or badly damaged, ment to preach the Gospel. A dea- and £30,000 worth of bananas were coness training school, hospital, theo- destroyed. In Lomaiviti Circuit one logical seminary, and orphanage have of the largest towns had but two been built. A recent demonstration houses standing "after four hours of held in Manila gathered many thou- fury." Every place visited by this desands of Filipino Methodists with structive blast could tell its own record banners, mottoes, and a dozen brass of awful wreck and severe privation. bands. The most commonly recurring motto in that city, so long given Fiji and the Drink Traffic over to Mariolatry, was significant: "Jesus, the only Savior." A strong light is thrown upon the problems affecting the future of Chris- First Filipino Woman Doctor tianity in the Fijian archipelago by the assertion by Mr. Burton, for The first native woman physician many years resident in Fiji, that the in the Philippine Islands, Dr. Olivia drink curse is the chief danger there. Salamonca, was graduated from the About £30,000 worth. of int.~:,icating Woman's Medical College of Phila- liquor is imported mto FIJI every delphia in June, 1910. After spend- year, tho the white population numing the summer in Philadelphia, doing bers but 2,500, and is a temperate one. some special work in the study of tu- The trade is an illicit one so far as berculosis, she returned to the Philip- the natives are concerned, but as the pines, where she received from the Government receives the revenue dumedical board her license to practise ties, we presun;e it must be aware that medicine in the Islands. She has been the traffic eXIsts. Mr. Burton exelected secretary of the Anti-Tubercu- presses the conviction: "Unless the losis Society of the Philippines. Dr. cause is dealt with promptly and Salamonca is a young woman who drastically, it means l!-0t. only the commands the respect of both AmerI- degradation, but the extmctIon of the cans and Filipinos and who gives Fijian people." promise of a very useful career. Samoans as Evancelista How a Tempest Spread the Gospel Streams of well-trained Samoan In 1861 a group of Polynesian evangelists continue to go to .both Christians were blown away from English and German New Gumea. their homes I,800 miles, and were In 1909 the Samoan church sent finally washed up on the shores of the $20,000 to the London Missionary So- Ellice Islands, which they set to work ciety, besides raising $5°,000 for to evangelize. Last year the contri- home work. Samoans are beginning butions to missions of the Christians evangelizing the Chinese coolies, who on these islands amounted to ~1,6so. have come in numbers to their islanq.

A Samoan's Sermon who love in deed and in truth-who not only say they love the heathen, I will tell you a story I have heard but give their money, and do all about a wreck that took place in they can to help God's work and Papalagi (White Man's Land). One save souls from death. Listen night there was a large vessel again. We can not all go to foreign wrecked on a bluff, rocky coast. In lands, but we can all find ropes (conthe morning, when the people of the tribute to the mission work). Take town assembled, the sea was cov- care that your ropes are good and ered with the wreckage; but there strong-ropes that won't break, and was no trace of the crew, and the then God will bless us, and many, rocks were so steep that no man very many, will be saved.-Life of could possibly get up them. The Dr. George Brown. people met to look for the crew. Some of the foolish people began to A Motor.boat for New Guinea run off, but one wise old man cried out: "Stop! hear what I have to say. A new motor-boat, 'appropriately It is good that we go and look for named "Tamate," after Rev. James those poor men; but consider what Chalmers, has been built and sent to good you can possibly do if you go New Guinea for the use of the Lonwithout anything. Let every man don Missionary Society missionary, fetch a rope, the strongest and best Rev. B. T. Butcher, who labors in he has, and then i1 will be some use Mr. Chalmers' former field. The motrying. Without ropes we can do tor-boat is a fine, roomy craft, 48 feet no good, for the rocks are high and long, and 10 feet wide, with two there is no path down." cabins and an engine-room, with a 55 horse-power engine. This vessel will This plan was approved, and soon be of great assistance in tours up the every man had his rope hanging rivers and along the coast of this great down over different parts of the cliff, island. as if they were fishing. At length one man thought he felt a tug at his Good News from Sumatra rope just as if a fish had got hold of it. He waited to make sure; and A baptism of more than usual imthe second time there was such a portance and interest took place a tug that he could not mistake. So short time ago upon Pea Radja, in the he shouted for help, and men came valley of Silindung, Sumatra, by Misand all pulled away until they sion-director Spiecker of the Rhenish landed a poor, half-dead man safely Missionary Society, who has been inon the top of the cliffs. Then they specting the work of its missionaries all rejoiced greatly. Listen! That in the East. It was the baptism of poor shipwrecked man at the bottom the whole family of the celebrated of the cliffs is like the heathen Singa Mangaradja, who, as chief of around us. There are plenty of is- all the Battaks around Lake Toba, had lands where the people want the been the bitterest enemy of the mislight but can not get it. They are sionaries for several decades, and had crying for help, they want life; but often threatened their lives. The they can not scale the rocks them- Dutch finally conquered and deposed selves. I liken those men who are him, and after his death his family running about without ropes to was placed under the supervision of many of our people here in this land. the Rhenish missionaries. They say they have great love to the heathen, but their love is all in AMERICA their mouths, and talk won't draw the man up; we want ropes. I A Good Year for Missions liken those who got the ropes and went fishing- for the men to those Dr; R. J. Willingham, secretary of the Southern Baptist Society, is able to report: "The year has been one of good progress. There have been 3,6r8 baptisms, a larger number than in any former year. We have now more institution and permit it to teach medi- 'workers than ever before-273 mis- cine, engineering, agriculture, and sionaries and 531 native helpers; a liberal arts, with instruction in the total of 804. It is wonderful how God Bible compulsory in every course, if uses as stepping-stones for His people so desired. Three seniors at Ann Arthe difficulties which Satan puts in bor plan to go out in the fall of 19I1 the way. Wars have opened the doors to represent the work of the Student of nations and pestilences have paved Christian Association of Michigan the way for the advance of the sol- University. Another physician and diers of the cross. At the last con- his wife have agreed to go to the asvention it was reported that a brother sistance of Dr. Bennett, who is already had offered to pay all of the cost for at work, as soon as funds can be seoutfit, traveling expenses and salaries cured. The outlook is good that the of ten new workers, if we should send objective for January, 1912, will be out thirty during the year. We re- reached, namely, two engineers, two joice to report that the thirty were all doctors, and two women teachers on on the field by the first of January. the ground. The brother has paid in full all that he promised, and several other breth- Convention of Rescue Mi.sions ren have given $1,000 each, to pay for the expense of a new worker." The National Federation of Gospel Missions held its fourth annual con- Dr. Grenfell's Work Advancing vention in the Luther Place Memo- Recently the Hudson Bay Company rial Church, Washington, D. c., on has made Dr. Grenfell its medical adviser; and through him the company May 8th. Never before has so large will be able to learn how it may best a representative body of rescue misserve the people on the coast. Dr. sion workers met together. Jail mis- Grenfell has also effected an agree- sions, Bible schools, summer-resort ment with the Manchester Coopera- missions, Jewish missions, brothertive Stores to furnish his own co- hoods, Y. M. C. A.'s, Salvation Army, operative stores with goods at cost, Volunteers of America, and missions and one of the largest fish-dealers in for women, children, sailors, etc., England has agreed to take fish direct were all represented. The chairman from these stores, and by this arrange- of the committee was H. B. Warner, ment the middlemen's profits on re- and the new president of the Federaturn cargo will be saved. This ar- tion is Sidney Whittemore, of New rangement has been made possible by York. The founder is Rev. E. H. the gift of new Iso-ton schooner from Madison, of Poughkeepsie. Mr. Cluett, of Saratoga, N. Y. The third feature of this year's work wilI A Men's Personal Work League be the completion of the new Fisherman's Institute at St. Johns, New- As a result of evangelistic meetings foundland, a building which is to cost, held by Rev. William A. Sunday in when completed, $150,000. All this Youngstown, 0., a men's personal sum has been raised except $20,000, work league, consisting of 1,250 men, which Dr. Grenfell is undertaking to has been formed, under the "Banner raise this year in the United States. of Jesus Christ," to do personal work every day. In the past year this A University of Michigan Mission League has held over 500 meetings, with an attendance of about 100,000, The Univers'ity of Michigan is in and with a record of 1,000 convercooperation with the Arabian Mission sions. These meetings consist of of the Reformed Church, to establish singing, brief prayers and testimonies. a high school and future university at The League is democratic in spirit and Busrah. in Arabia. Turkish officials undenominational but Christian. The have granted permission to start the motto is "To bring men to a closer knowledge of the love and saving power of Jesus Christ."

Gideons and Bibles of these lands the sudden call for teachers in government schools makes What is said to be the largest order a demand that at present can not at ever given for Bibles, has just been all be met. Many times $2,000,000 placed with two publishing houses by could be used without waste, rather the Gideons, the Christian Commercial with immense productiveness, amid Travelers' Association of America, the new conditions in almost every which is to place 100,000 Bibles in as land where the Board is operating. many hotel rooms over the country. Foreign Mi..ionary Statistics Twenty-five thousand Bibles were shipped by one publishing house to Prepared by Mr. I. W. Baker, of the San Francisco in June in time for the Laymen's Missionary Movement. triennial convention of the International Sunday-school Association. SOCIETY M~bership Gifts Average When the Bibles arrived, 25,000 United Presbyterian .• 135,205 $335,645 $2.48 members of the Adult Bible Classes Ref. Church in Amer.. 116,815 207,404 1.77 marched through the streets of San Pres. Church in U. S.. 282,000 452,000 1.60 Francisco, each with a Bible, and de- Advent ••••…….•.• 25,000 34,887 1.39 posited it on the platform of the con- Congregational……. 730,718 721,396 .98 vention auditorium. There they re- Pres. in U. S. A….. 1,311,B19 .98 mained as an object-lesson during the Protestant Episcopal.. 928,000 1,285,125 .79 convention, after which they were dis- Methodist Episcopal .. 3,156,804 737,161 .69 tributed. Baptist •••••••••….• 1,342,199 .61 Methodist Epis. (So.) 1,835,000 2,190,318 .46 The Gideons will invade Boston Disciples of Christ…. 1,300,000 824,575 .40 next May and distribute Bibles among United Evangelical…. 73,551 881,520 .38 the hotels. The meeting will be held Luth. (Gen. Synod).. 232,247 520,000 .36 in Tremont Temple. A big meeting Ref. Church in U. 5.. 297,110 28,120 .36 is planned for New York, preliminary United Brethren ..•• 280,000 85,348 .35 to the work of distribution here. Luth. (Gen. Council). 479,575 108,673 .12 98,000 A Gift for Higher Educational Work 58,002 The receipt by the American Board Let Every Church Try It of $1,000,000 from two devoted friends of Christian missions, as their Six years ago Trinity church, Aucontribution toward the higher educational endowment fund projected at rora, Ill., was giving nothing to mis- $2,000,000, makes the establishment of that fund an assured fact, and sions, either diocesan or general, and marks a new era in the policy of training leaders for the Christianizing only $700 for current expenses. Long of the peoples and the civilizations experience had made the vestry familwhere its missions are. Already the Prudential Committee has appointed iar with annual deficits. There was a special sub-committee on this department of work, which committee in strong opposition to letting any money turn has organized, fnrmulated its principles of operation, and laid out go out of the parish. A clergyman of some lines of procedure. missionary vision became the rector Each year of late has shown a marvelous increase of opportunity for this and gradually led the vestry to realdepartment of missionary enterprise. ize the importance of a share in the In the empires of Turkey, India, missionary enterprise. A canvass has China, and Japan, and to new degree in such fields as South Africa and Bul- been made, the duplex envelop adoptgaria, the opportunity for evangelism through education is overpowering to ed. The subscriptions amount to $350 the straitened missionaries. In some for diocesan missions, $460 for gen- eral missions. Subscriptions for cur- rent expenses have increased from $700 to $3,330. In addition there are available the Christmas and Easter offerings and the loose money in the alms-basins each Sunday. A $12,000 parish-house has been built; $3,clOO have been given for. a rectory. The salary of the rector has been increased by $1,300. All in less than six years. -Spirit of Missions.

Mormon Missionaries in America The figures published from time to time in the Mormon press tell the story of this system. Mormon leaders are systematic, keen, dominating; Mormon missionaries go wherever

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

sellt, into any section of the land. than for bread, shoes, woolen goods There are seven districts into which and public education all combined.

the country is divided; these are: What an astounding disclosure!

Eastern States Mission, headquar- A Protestant "Man" in Cuba ters Brooklyn, N. Y., including all East of Ohio line and West Virginia. Rev. J. H. Gruver writes in The Southern States Mission, headquar- Missionary: ters Chattanooga, Tenn., including all east of the Mississippi and south of "Some weeks ago the mother of the Ohio except W. Va.; also Ohio some of our members died, and a few itself. days after, Mr. Cam, our Cuban min- ister here at Camajuani, went to the Northern States Mission, headquar- home of the afflicted to have worship ters Chicago, including Illinois, In- with the bereaved. He read and exdiana, Iowa and all north, with Mani- plained the fourteenth chapter of toba. John, after which they felt comforted. One of the sons of the family says Central States Mission, headquar- now that he can not retire at night ters Independence, Mo., includes Mis- without having first reread that chapsouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, ter. Oklahoma and Kansas. "A few days ago in another home a Western States Mission, headquarters Denver, includes Colorado, Ne- mother died; a home from which none braska, the Dakotas, Wyoming, New ever came to our chapel; but they had Mexico. heard of the other service, and that we did not charge anything for con- Northwestern States Mission, head- ducting it, and they asked Mr. Cata. to quarters Portland, includes Oregon, hold a 'misa' (mass) for their mother. Washington, Idaho, Montana. He explained to them the other service and our custom of having California Mission, headquarters funeral services, and they continued San Francisco, includes California, their invitation. So last Sabbath Nevada, Arizona, etc. night we went to the home and found about fifty neighbors gathered, the Each mission has its officers, and most of whom heard their first gospel each in turn is subdivided into "con- sermon that night, and many of them ferences" with their officers, headquar- promised to attend services at our ters and working force of "elders" for chapel the next night. It is my the actual traveling work, usually opinion that we will have the privilege serving about two years without sal- of holding more such 'masses,' for the ary, friends sending money for ex- Catholic priests are never seen by the be.d~ide of the dying except to adpenses. These missions report 998,- ml111ster 'extreme unction,' lor which they require money, and they never 000 families visited in the past year, attend funerals unless the friends are 307,000 of these as "hopeful," 850,- 'fortunate' enough to be able to pay 000 talks on Mormonism, 162,000 Mormon books sold and 37,200 Mormon meetings held.

The MiIle~nium Still Remote A current exchange reports the fol- to have sprinkled 'the holy water.' A lowing annual expenditures by the free gospel is an entirely new idea with people of the United States: them;"

For public education …•… $175,000,000 Salvation to the Indian For woolen goods ………• 250,000,000 For boots and shoes …••..• 335,000,000 We must not forget that the Indian For bread.. ………….. 600,000,000 must be saved from the inside as well as from the outside evil influences. T~tal ………………..$1,360,000,000 Now more than any other time is the For hquors …………….. $1,400,000,000 grand opportunity of the church. The This shows an expenditure of more . Government is fast letting go of the money for the destructive liquor traffic Indian. The missionary can now get

at more young Indians on the reserva- most of us as many parts of Asia and tion. He can go or send his repre- Africa, but also equally needy. sentative to the congested Indian schools of the country and there reach A letter from Don Emilio Morales, many tribes. Strengthen your mis- leader of the Evangelical Believers in sion schools if you have any, for they Sansonate, EI Salvador, C. A., "to the alone have been preeminently success- Secretary of the Northern Baptist ful in the past. The missionary deals Missionary Society," dated 30th Nowith the motives of the Indian and, vember, 19IO, appealed for workers. after all, the right kind of motive power is what counts. Some years A South American Conference ago a missionary came to me after the midnight hour and presented to The first international student summe the friendship of the strong Son mer conference in South America was of God. I arose and followed Him held in Uruguay, January 14 to 21, that night, and this friendship has at Piriapolis-by-the-Sea, forty miles been my controlling motive all the from Montevideo. The Uruguayan years in which I have worked my Government gave free transportation way-through the Santee Mission to the 25 delegates, in a special car, School, Mount Hermon, and Yale. to and from the encampment. Con- There is not an Indian who does not structive studies in the life of Christ believe in the Great Spirit. He will and apologetic addresses around the do for the Great Spirit what he will evening camp-fire were popular feanot do for the white man. Here is tures of the daily program. By this your opportunity to get on the inside means, and through special conferand steer him in the right direction. ences and interviews the delegates re- The Indian to-day comes forward ceived inspiration for their personal with long strides toward you who lives, and an entirely new vision of have shown kind ministrations, and the possibilities and obligations of toward your missionaries who have membership in the association. Among shown such solicitation for his soul- the visitors who participated in the he comes toward you with his blanket conference were: Honorable Edwin thrown over his shoulders and his V. Morgan, U. S. Minister to Urulong hair flowing from behind, and guay and Paraguay; Secretary Cubilo, he kneels to you as he has knelt to no of the Uruguayan Supreme Court; Dr. man, no race hitherto, he kneels to Charles D. Drees, chief of interpreters you and he puts in your hands a at the recent Pan-American Congress sacred trust. What will you do now in Buenos Ayres, and Mr. Peter with that sacred trust which is in your Towers, general manager of the Spankeeping?-HENRY RED CLOUD at the ish Bank of Uruguay, and president Mohonk Indian Conference, 19IO. of the Montevideo Associaton.

The Baptista to Enter San Salvador EUROPE After thorough investigation of the Great Britain needs in Central America, the Board of Managers of the American Baptist Between May 4th and 20th nearly Home Mission Society has voted to seventy anniversary meetings of misbegin work in that part of "North sionary societies were held in Lon- America," which is the most densely don, and in general with cheering populated republic on earth, El Sal- facts presented in the reports. The missionary gatherings were largely atvador. tended, and marked by an excellent The field secretary of the society, spirit. At the members' meeting of the Baptist Missionary Society, Rev. Dr. L. C. Barnes, recently made a C. E. Wilson mentioned that during visit to this republic, and was con- the year the society had endeavored, vinced that this part of North Amer- in conjunction with the Zenana Misica is not only quite as unknown to sionary Society, to send out 100 new missionaries; and he was glad to re-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

port that-apart from the Zenana So- ect is being launched on lines that cietY-50 men, 33 married women, are sufficiently ambitious for so small and 22 unmarried women had been a community, $500,000 being mensent out-a total of 105. tioned as the probable outlay; and, while the plea is that the mosque will Physicians Indorse Medical Missions combine in one body Mohammedans from many lands while sojourning in Two hundred and five doctors in Great Britain, there is reason to think the diocese of Oxford recently signed that the promoters are also actuated an appeal in behalf of medical mis- by propagandist intentions. sions on the following grounds: King George to Honor Missionaries I. 'The example and authority of It it stated that King George, when Christ. he visits India with Queen Mary, will 2. The teaching of the Bible in the confer the order of the Kaisr-i-Hind on several American missionaries, bemiracles of healing and their results. cause of their courage and devotion 3. The relief of suffering throu~h in ministering to the people during the plague. The work done by these medical missions in regions where Ig- American missionaries in the way of norance and quackery prevail. medical attention and education is beyond all praise, and in one of the 4. The need of lady physicians to last speeches delivered by Lord Harthe secluded women of the East. ris before completing his term as Governor of the Presidency of Bom- 5. The need of medical service to bay, which has a popUlation of over missionaries themselves. 30,000,000, there was an eloquent tribute to the American missions. 6. The history of medical missions "Our gratitude toward these Ameris its best justification. ican missions has been piling up and piling up for the last hundred years.·' A Great Movement Started And he went on to express to the President of the United States, "the The Catch-My-Pal Movement orig- most grateful thanks of the Governinated in Armagh, Ireland. On July ment of Bombay for the assistance 13, 1909, Rev. R. J. Patte~son, a Pre.s- which the American people are re!1byterian pastor in that CIty, saw SIX dering in pushing forward the cause drunken men lounging in a street of education in India." near his home. He promptly drafted a pledge, and these six men became THE CONTINENT charter members of what is called the great "Protestant Total Abstinence The Latest Case of Intolerance Union." At the first anniversary celebration last year Mr. Patterson re- Malta furnishes an illustration of ported that 120,000 men and women what the Roman Catholic Church is were enrolled, pledging themselves, wherever it has power. That it is the with a vow "for God and home and oppressor and suppressor of every native land, to see this thing through." other form of religious worship and From Ireland the organization has activity is not merely a matter of hisspread into England, Scotland, Amer- tory, but a present fact where circumica and South Africa. stances make it possible. Recently the attention of the British Government Mohammedanism in England was called to the fact of mission serv- ices at the Theater Royal, Malta, In spite of the utter failure of Is- having been supprest at the demand of lamic missions in England, there the Roman Catholic authorities. This seems to be a determination to erect :esulted. in the proclamation of royal a mosque in London. The proposal mstructlOns providing for religious has the support, not only of leading Moslems in the metropolis, but also of some prominent public men. It is declared that there are from 1,500 to 2,000 Mohammedans in London, a large proportion of them students, ~f Indian and Egyptian birth. The proJ-

freedom and liberty of worship founded. At the last annual meeting throughout the island. Then comes of this German Federation of Chrisa memorial to the king from the arch- tian Policemen, which was held in bishop of Malta, praying that his Berlin, the president was able to report majesty may be pleased to withhold that the influence of the federation his approval of the clause in the royal now extends among the policemen of instructions relating to the treatment twenty-five German cities and that the of religious denominations in Malta active members number 182, a member which provides for the liberty of re- being a policeman who is an active ligious worship in the island, and also Christian worker among the different a memorial from the members of the classes with whom his duties bring Cathedral Chapter to the same effect. him in contact. It was stated that All in vain. They could not make King God was blessing the efforts of the Edward refuse his subjects ordinary policemen-evangelists in a remarkable religious liberty. This incident closes way, and stories were told showing with a letter to the governor from the how a word of Christian love or the .archbishop in which he expresses his handing of aNew Testament to a deep regret that liberty of religious criminal or to a wayward girl by the worship should have been sanctioned policeman making the arrest had led to after a century and more, during which several conversions. It was also rethe exercise of religious worship in ported that during the great riots in public had been exclusively reserved Moabit, the suburb of Berlin, no memto the Roman Catholic religion. Amer- ber of the federation was seriously ican archbishops may indulge in wounded or hurt, except one whose rhetorical outbursts of approval of arm was struck by a fiying stone. He American institutions, but the arch- gave the explanation that with that bishop of Malta is the genuine article. arm he usually holds the playing- -New York Observer. cards, which still have a hold upon him, and hinder his full surrender to The German Federation of Christian Christ. Many of the members of the federation have also brought other Policemen policemen to the Savior.

In the summer of 1905 a policeman Theologians at War in Iceland in the city of Berlin walked into the home of a Christian lady and, tho he Difficulties over doctrinal matters was unknown to her, asked her to see have existed among the ministers of that some provision be made to pro- little Iceland a number of years. The vide policemen throughout the Ger- younger theologians have generally man Empire with the gospel. He was become quite liberal in regard to docso persistent in his plea and so fully trine, while the older ones have reconvinced of the necessity of the work, mained orthodox and are in possession that the lady finally consented to make of all the higher ecclesiastical offices. an earnest effort in that direction. A short time ago open war broke out After much prayer, the first meeting between the two elements over the for policemen and their families was new translation of the Bible into the held in Berlin on October 26, 1905. Icelandish language, which had been It was remarkably well attended and prepared by Haraldus Nielsson, a the higher officials took a great in- teacher in the Theological Seminary terest in it. Bible study classes for at Reykjavik, at the request and expolicemen were organized in different pense of the British and Foreign parts of the German capital. They Bible Society. A year ago the British proved such a blessing that the exten- and Foreign Bible Society published sion of the work to all parts of the the new translation, but soon after it Fatherland was decided upon in the asked the Icelandish Bible Society to fall of 1909, and a monthly magazine, suppress the whole edition, because Allzeitbereit (Always Ready), was

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

serious charges had been made against Russia, not in the city populations, but the new translation by two high of- among a section of the educated ficials of the Icelandish Church. classes, and, especially in the Volga Among other things it was charged provinces, among the peasantry. that the virgin Mary had been continually called Mrs. Mary. Imme- American Jews in Ruuia diately after the publication of the charges the liberal element became the An agreement has been entered into champion of the new translation and between Russia and the United States upheld that such "corrections" as it whereby the treaty rights of naturalcontains were justified. The orthodox ized American Jewish citizens of Ruselement vehemently condemned all sian birth or parentage may be free to "corrections," which, it seems, had return to Russia with the assurance been made without the knowledge of that their rights will be respected. the Bible Society and the Church of- Heretofore these naturalized Amerificials. Protest meetings were held by cans have been subject to arrest, imboth sides throughout the island; the prisonment, fines, or even transportapublic press took sides; and an open tion to Siberia, as it has been held to war between the conservative and the be treason for a Russian to renounce liberal theologians of Iceland has com- his allegiance to his government or to menced. The larger part of the mem- that of his parents. This new agreebers of the Church is with the con- ment has been the result of persistent servative theologians, it seems. diplomatic pressure, and even now the fear is exprest that Russia will not A New Methodist Church in Russia fairly abide by the terms.

Two years ago the first Methodist Protestant vs. Catholic Mi.,ions chapel in Russia was dedicated by Bishop William Burt at Wirballen, The Independent quotes from a near the German border. On January foreign source a comparison of Prot- 14th of the present year a second estant and Catholic foreign missionary church was dedicated at Kowno- work. The comparison is from a Schanze, Russia, a station farther in- Catholic journal: "It has' been comland. At the dedication there were puted that the 200,000,000 Catholics 528 people present, and at a later song- contribute about $5,000,000 annually service over 700 were there. Among for mission purposes, while the 160,- those who attended were the governor 000,000 Protestants contribute $20,- of the province and his wife, and the 000,000. This is an average of eight former made a speech in Russian. pfennigs for each Catholic, but more The Methodists are now preaching than six times that much for each Protthe Gospel in six different languages estant. This greater degree of liberin the Russian empire. ality on the part of the Protestants is to a large extent caused by the supe- Salvation Anny in Ruasia rior organization of the latter. Espe- cially do the mission conferences and The Moscow papers declare that regular congregational mission festi- General Booth has received sanction vals in common vogue among the to organize the Salvation Army in Protestants do much to make the mis- Russia. Theoretically, by virtue of sion cause popular among them, and the Imperial Decree of 1906, full re- these auxiliaries could with advanligious tolerance exists, and every- tage be adopted by the Catholic one is free to follow his own con- churches, too. The number of misscience; in practise, however, it is sion workers in the foreign fields of very different, and unrecognized sects the Protestants is 45,622; on the are persecuted and forbidden to hold Catholic side, 34,454. It is true that meetings or to own corporate property. the Catholic Church reports no fewer At the present time there is a wave than 30,414 mission stations, while of religions thought and feeling in the Protestants count only 3,700; but

to counterbalance this the latter have in their canoes when the perilous pasr8,921 schools with 867,400 pupils, sage will permit, and the Siberians, or while the Catholics have 17,834 Kurds, as they are known, in their schools with 790,880 pupils." turn have occasionally come to the island, tho there is little induce- ASIA ment for them to brave the passage ordinarily. The Kurds differ little The Great Religions from the Eskimo either in enlighten- ment or in aspiration, but they have The great types of religious belief seen the change that is taking place in the world are best seen by contrast. in their island neighbors in the past The contrast is forcibly presented in few years since missionaries have the following excellent summary: been at Gambell, and are showing "The Moslem seeks Mecca, the He- hunger for the Bible message. brew Jerusalem, the Catholic Rome, each looking for the Holy City. The Dr. Campbell says: "The Siberians, Protestant goes to his closet and shuts only forty miles across the channel the door. The Moslem finds the from us, the ethnologic brothers of tomb of a long-dead man; the He- these St. Lawrence Islanders, are brew finds only a wall against which hungry for a teacher, and are the to wail; the Catholic finds a self- theme of many an earnest prayer from beleaguered Roman citizen. The our people. Four boats from there Protestant finds the "Father who were over here not long ago, and one seeth in secret." of the older men came to me for treatment for his son. He said: Bible Work in Palestine 'There is something wrong with our faith. We worship just as we have A deeply interesting paragraph in always done. We can kill the whale the latest report of the British and and we sacrifice to God, but our chil- Foreign Bible Society mentions that dren are dying.' Dying without God from the missionaries Colporteur Var- and without hope. Oh, Christian tan received information of the vil- America, how long will you sit at lages round Hebron. The natives of ease and withhold the Gospel of the this district are said to be very fanat- Son of God from the poor heathen? ical; they claim to be in the line of Oningou had an eager group of listendescent from Mohammed, and, some- ers around him while he taught them how, nearer to heaven than other peo- out of God's Word, using some Sunple. The green turban is often seen, day-school picture-cards. They were which indicates their relationship to also eager listeners at the regular the Prophet. Hearing that I was Sunday service and at the Eskimo coming to Hebron, some good friends prayer-meeting." gave me kindly caution, and said: "If they buy your books, it will be The greatest hope of reaching the a miracle." However, during the few Kurds is through the St. Lawrence days I remained here, I succeeded in Island converts.~The Home Mission selling 72 volumes, and the Moslems 11;1onthly. were more ready to buy than the Christians in other towns. One aged INDIA Moslem, who used to be the governor of a town, helped me by writing out Progress Seen by One Missionary the names of 47 villages, and giving me explanations about them. Rev. J. W. Scudder was born at Kotagiri in r830; was commissioned The Kurds of Siberia as a missionary by the American Board in r855; and after a continu- America comes nearest to Siberia ous service in the Arcot mission for at St. Lawrence Island, in Bering nearly fifty-five years, entered into Sea, where the Gambell mission of the rest at Palmaner on the 19th of Octo- Presbyterian Board is stationed. The ber, 1910. Dr. Scudder's long servnatives of the island have been ac- ice coincided with the whole period of customed to visit the Siberian coast

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

the history of the Arcot mission with days is clear evidence of the great and the exception of the first two years. growing interest which is being at- He was permitted to see the field tached by the Christian Church to covered by a network of stations and work in behalf of the large and wideout-stations, including a large number spread Moslem community." After of churches, schools, hospitals, or- an account covering three columns, phanages, and a Christian commu- our contemporary concludes: "All nity over 10,000 strong. When Dr. this speaks volumes in favor of the Scudder reached India the mission had Christian missionaries." no Indian pastors; only 5 catechists and evangelists; 7 school-masters; 3 How Converts Can Give churches with 75 members; and but 4 schools with 91 pupils. Last year the The Bible in the Warld contains mission reported 16 pastors; 203 cate- the following account of Christian chists and evangelists; 125 schools giving by converts at Medak, in Hywith 7,800 pupils; and 19 organized derabad, for the Bible Society: churches, with 8,170 baptized members. He likewise lived to see an in- "During the singing the boys and digenous Indian Church planted in girls came forward alternately in this land; first by the union of the groups of eight or ten, each one carryvarious churches of the Presbyterian ing a plate of raw rice, which had family; and more recently through been saved by two half-days of fastthe union of the churches of all the ing. Repeating the words, 'With joy Presbyterian and Congregational mis- we pour this offering at the feet of sions, with a Christian population of Jesus Christ,' they emptied their 150,000 souls, and organized as the plates on to a carpet spread in front South India United Church. of the communion-rail. Lads from the industrial school followed, bring- Moslem Teslimony to Christian Activity ing the first fruits of their labor, a few yards of dangari cloth, suitable The Arya Patrika, referring to the for towels and dusters. Then came, recent Lucknow Conference, says: in small groups, catechists, teachers, "The efforts which are being made by divinity students, and the pastor of the the Christian missionaries to push on church, with their wives and families, the cause of their religion compel ad- Bible women, hospital nurses, missionmiration from even those who do not aries. The offerings included money, worship in the same temple with them. rice, eggs, fowls and vegetables. A They are scattered over all the parts young Brahman woman, a recent conof the globe. There is hardly an im- vert, laid a gold ring on my tray; portant place where there is not a small boys came up dragging live missionary and a church. Distant and ducks by the neck; even the babes in unknown places they are trying to arms were represented by a few pice. penetrate. Then there are missions As each group presented their gifts a which are devoted to special !com- short prayer was offered, asking acmunities and nations. For instance, ceptance of the gift and blessing for there is a particular mission to Mos- the giver. Here was giving even to lems. The missionaries working un- the point of blood, an offering wrung der this mission devote themselves from the wages of months of toil. To particularly to the study of Moslem my amazement and great joy, the colscriptures and of countries. They lection, one-third of which was congather together at a place after some tributed by the missionaries and twoyears, and hold consultations and de- thirds by the native congregation, was vise methods to push on their propa- found, when converted into money, to ganda among the Moslems and the be no less than 600 rupees, or $200. Moslem countries. . . That a conference of this size and nature Mission to Outcastel should have been in session for six One of the most noted and inter- esting of all forward movements in India is the mission to. the deprest

classes. These have been classed order that he might send his boy to heretofore as the "untouchables." This get a share of the blessing. mission has centers in most of the large cities, has day and Sunday- How Belated the Proclamation! schools, in the latter of which the Hindu Shastras are taught as we teach A missionary had preached Jesus in the Bible; has Bhajan samajes, or an Indian village where that holy theistic congregations, industrial in- name had never been heard before. stitutes, seven missionaries, and one When he was about half a mile on his magazine. The Mangalore school will way home he heard a man calling illustrate the zeal of certain caste after him, so he waited. Coming up people in behalf of this mission. In with him, the man said: "Sahib, this the year 1908 seventy families ac- Jesus of whom you have been telling cepted bags from the school. In these us, when did He die for us? Was it bags doles of rice were daily collected, this year or last?" And the mission- morning and evening, by caste govern- ary wrote to a friend, "1 was ashamed ment officials of high education. In as I told him that it was over nine- this way these who formerly were re- teen hundred years ago." garded as too pure even for the shad- ow of the outcastes were found carry- The Beat Translation for Him ing loads of rice into a school of un- touchables.-Missionary Visitor. A correspondent of the London Times quotes from an article written A Rousing Christian Convention for The Times of India by a distin- guished Hindu, Sir Narayan Chanda- At a convention for the Christians, varkar, a judge of the High Court, held at Mainpurie, there were over Bombay, a paragraph concerning the 500 in attendance, representing pas- English Bible: tors and workers among the village Christians and some of the village "A grand book is this-the Author- Christians themselves. Schoolboys ized Version of the English Bible. It and school-girls and Christian teachers has made souls. N a wonder Glad- were there, the missionaries with stone said of it: 'Always in straits the Christian culture of centuries in their Bible in church supplies my needs.' blood, and the poor villagers who had May it equally supply ours I At the just emerged from the darkness and same time let us not forget another depression of their heathenism. One translation of the Bible-the transla- Christian teacher, a Bengali Brahman, tion made by an English lady, mother who had a poor opinion of low-caste of a pious son. Asked which of the people and their possibilities, organ- different published translations of the ized a meeting among his pupils, low- Bible – Jerome's Vulgate, Luther's caste people, told what a blessing he German Bible, the Authorized Version had received, and that in the future and the Revised Version-this son he was going to save the souls of his preferred, he replied: 'I prefer my pupils as well as teach them. One mother's translation.' 'What is that?' hundred and ten persons promised The boy answered: 'My mother has that inside of a year they would at- translated the Bible, and translated it tempt to bring one or more souls to straight, too. Her every-day life is a Jesus Christ. Schoolboys consecrated translation of God's Word.' " 'themselves to Christian service. Men dedicated their first-born children to Plague in India and China God; some dedicated their whole families. One of the leading Indian Word comes that the plague has ap- preachers left the convention before peared and is increasing in India as it was over, and went home to hold a it is decreasing in Manchuria and prayer-meeting with his family, in North China. In the United Prov- inces there were 72,000 deaths re- corded from this cause during the month of March, or 18,000 a week. Nearly as many deaths from the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

plague were reported from other prov- CHINA inces. At Khurja, sixty miles north of Meerut, one household of twenty- Work for the Chinese Blind six people died within two weeks, and in another house there were five The report of the Mission to the deaths in one day. The people are Chinese Blind shows that of all native helpless, and the native priests are teachers none appeal to the people preying on their fears. Missionary with more persuasive power than the doctors and nurses are constantly blind. Mr. Wang, a cultured Chinese fighting the plague, and not a few teacher, had been brutally and delibfall victims to their devotion. erately blinded by his own vengeful brother-in-law. In his agony he was In Manchuria the estimated number carried to the nearest medical mission of deaths from plague is placed at to have his wounds drest. There for 41,000, fifty of whom were Euro- the first time he heard the new and peans. Much has been learned in re- wonderful tidings of a religion of gard to the plague and its prevention. love. Mr. Wang and a Mr. Ch'en are Sane sanitary and antiseptic precau- now working together in Peking. Mr. tions seem to enable men to battle suc- Mason Wells writes from Chefu: cessfully against the terrible disease. "Our two blind evangelists are doing excellent work. Mr. Han nas his Burma's Oldest Theological School headquarters in a village there; he acts as teacher-pastor, teaching the Karen Theological Seminary, Tnsein, children and shepherding the flock. Burma, is the oldest school with a coh- One of the young men on whom he tinuous history connected with the has bestowed much heart-work is now Baptist mission in Burma. It was in. the teachers' class in Chefu." founded in Moulmein in 1845, less than twenty years after the conversion Chinese Opinions of Missionaries to Christianity of Ko Tha Byu, the first Karen convert. The Karen Chris- "Bishop Moule has been a model tians at that time numbered only a missionary," said one Chinese pastor; few thousand, but being scattered in "he has worn the worst clothes, he many small groups, the training of a has eaten the worst food, and he has native ministry became an early and lived in the worst house." "This urgent necessity. We are pleased to building has got to preach," said a note the generous contributions which missionary to his work-people; "all come from the Karens themselves. The the work you put into it is going to support of their own pastors, the be true work." He had his reward. building of their own chapels and An influential Chinaman, looking at schoolhouses, the steady outgo of the work, remarked: "I like that; it funds for the central Anglo-vernacular is true and rea1." "How can it be boarding school, and for home and otherwise?" answered the missionary. foreign mission enterprises, would "Since we are servants of the True, seem to preclude the diversion of and the Spirit of the True is with us, money for this seminary; but such is we must be true." The governor of not the case. In addition to all the the province gave that missionary £100 above, by means of an annual two- for his work, and said: "We don't annas-a-member contribution from obj ect to our people becoming Chrisevery Christian Karen, upward of tians, if it means that they are to be three thousand rupees annually find all the better and truer Chinamen their way to this place, a tribute not thereby, but we do object if the Jesus only to the liberality of the Karens, religion is to denationalize them." but also to their appreciation of the spiritual benefits which are expected Chinese Doctors Did Not Flinch to accrue from such a school as this. A high tribute is paid by a corre- spondent of the North China Herald to the behavior of the foreign-trained Chinese doctors and medical students

who are engaged in fighting the plague in Manchuria free of charge to all at Mukden. The writer states that Christians who may apply. This il- they have won the lasting regard of lustrates the potentialities which lie the foreign community by their splen- hid in the near future of the Chinese did conduct, the enormous amount of Church. Another case is that of Dr.

work they perform, and their utter in- Ming, who has a hospital in Hang- difference to the risks they run. A Chow where 50,000 patients are treat- number these men have died at the ed each year. His work is so widely post of duty, but the remainder con- known in many provinces that, if one tinue the work in a manner which is being imposed upon, one has but does them eternal honor. One of the to say that he will report the matter difficulties to be overcome is the preju- to Dr. Ming, and it is usually settled dice of the ignorant classes of their without more difficulty.

own countrymen against sanitary Foreign Mail tells us of two other measures, which, it is said, becomes laymen of the new church of China.

stronger as time goes on. There are Principal Chang Po Ling is an edu- obvious indications of a new spirit of cator who is also a social reformer, devotion to duty developing among fighting foot-binding, early marriages those Chinese who have received mod- and other abuses. He led his own ern education which is full of promise brother to Christ, and now has the sat- for the future. isfaction of hearing that he is the first A Convert Who Lives Hi. Religion signer of the declaration card of the recently organized Chinese Volunteer The following striking account of a man at Tsangchow comes from the Movement for the ministry. As di- Rev. A. G. Bryson: rector of the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Chang had the principal part in securing a "One man's testimony is worthy at gift of $I3,000 from H. E. Ou Yang note. He is a member of a church for the new building site at Tientsin. composed of men who resemble 'the conies' in being 'very feeble folk.' The Chinese Indemnity Students His name is T'ang, and he is undoubt- It will be remembered that a part of edly the poorest of the flock, earning the Boxer indemnity which was to perhaps less than a penny a day and have been paid by China to the United his food as a day laborer. He is sel- States was magnanimously returned dom at home, but wherever he goes to to China for the purpose of educating find work he takes his New Testa- certain of her students in this country.

ment and hymn-book with him, and Examinations for these students are when the day's work is over he speaks to be held in the approaching July.

to his fellow laborers of the good A number of students will be selected news that has changed his life. In from each province proportionately to the long winter months all agricul- the amount of the indemnity allotted tural work is at a standstill, and in to it and paid by it. Hereafter the company with thousands like him, students who will be dispatched to last winter T'ang came home to fight the United States will be selected en- the usual stern battle with the wolf tirely from the Tsing Hwa-yuan acad- until the spring returns. emy, where special courses have beel!

Four Specimen Laymen provided for students to be sent abroad, and where students from vari- A high Chinese official recently bap- ous government schools are to be sent tized by Ding Li Mei, the great Chi- up under instructions from the Pronese evangelist, now undertakes the vincial Educational Commissioners. In support of twenty of the ablest this Academy there are 10 male and preachers who can be found, at an 8 female American teachers, and the expense of about $7,000 annually, for number of students accepted are lim- the evangelization of his people. He ited to 500. According to this whole offers a small settlement on his estate arrangement America ought to infiu-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 55

ence for good all the coming genera- passed since the university was tions of Chinese. founded, and much has been done to bring about a better understanding be- Compulsory Education in China tween foreigners and Chinese.

In view of the shortening of the On his arrival at Taiyuanfu, Dr. period for the opening of the Parlia- Richard was met by the president of ment, the president of the Board of the provincial assembly, and by of- Education has decided to enforce com- ficials of the university staff. A public pulsory education without further de- reception was given, addresses were lay. His Excellency, the president, delivered, and Dr. Richard handed proposes to make a start at Peking over the buildings, apparatus and this spring, when a kindergarten will funds of the institution to the Chibe opened for every educational dis- nese officials and gentry of Shansi. trict. Children, both male and fe- The officials agreed to carryon the male, of four years of age, are com- institution perpetually as a university. pelled to go there to study until they reach the age of reason. They are Students and Minions in China then allowed to go to primary schools for girls or boys, as the case may be. When C. T. Wang, of Shanghai, Parents and guardians will be pun- China, spoke at the Constantinople ished, if they fail to act accordingly. World Students' Conference on "Stu- dents and the Missionary Problem of Dr. Timothy Richard and Shansi China," he said, "the missionary prob- University lem is persistent, inspiring, energizing, but one-sided. Have the Chinese A unique reception was given to people, who constitute the subject- Dr. Timothy Richard, at Taiyuanfu, matter of the problem, anything to last November, on his return from say? Yes. The problem is fraught England. The Provincial Assembly with most serious consequences, due sent a special telegram, asking him to to the: riots of the past, extraterritorial visit them-an honor never before rights, and religious animosity. The shown to any missionary in China. riots are due to a misunderstanding This shows the marked change in pub- of the motives of the missionaries, to lic sentiment in Shansi province since racial prejudice, and religious antagothe Boxer riots, ten years ago. nism. Three solutions are offered for the problem. (I) The Confucianists When Dr. Richard first went to say, reconstruct Confucianism so as to this province to distribute relief to take in Western science and Christhe famine sufferers in 1877, there tianity. Confucianism is weak bewere no Protestant missionaries in the cause it does not grasp the mass of province. In 1900, 137 Protestant the people, and has a poor method of missionaries were killed in Shansi bv propagation. (2) Some of the native order of the Governor, Yii Hsien. Christian leaders say, displace the mis- When a punitive expedition was sionaries and put native workers in planned by the foreign troops, Prince their places. (3) Most native Chris- Ch'ing and Li Hung Chang tele- tians say, cooperate; while the misgraphed, asking Dr. Richard to help sionaries teach Christian principles, them deal with the case. At his sug- let the native Christians apply these in gestion the plenipotentiaries agreed life; and let the missionaries plan, that, in place of indemnity, a small and train native workers, while the annual grant of taels 50,000 should natives do the work of evangelization. be made for ten years, to educate Chi- The first solution is incompatible with nese young men, a university was es- the Christian spirit; but we may so tablished, and Rev. Moir Duncan be- adjust our Christian teaching as to came the first principal. Later it was make use of the high teachings of united with the Imperial University, Confucianism. The second solution established under the new national system of education. Nine years have

is inexpedient for the present. Co- eUlogies of leaders such as Drs. Hepoperation is the best solution. There burn, Brown and Verbeck, but by the should be conferences between for- gathering of Japanese Christians to eign and native workers. Just as pray and plan that by March, 1910, western scholars come to China to the membership of the Japanese give lectures, so the ablest Chinese Church should be doubled." At the Christian scholars should be sent to close of these gatherings a Japanese the West, to show that an exchange pastor arose and said: "What we of ideas is possible. The East can must preach is Christ-the living be of help to the West, and the West Christ, Christ incarnate, Christ crucican to the East. fied, Christ dead and buried, Christ risen-the living Christ, the only hope How Dr. Jackson Gave His Life of Japan." At this meeting a young Japanese, who had spent ten years in Dr. A. F. Jackson was a Scotch China and knew the language, offered Presbyterian medical missionary in to go thither is a missionary; and the China, and lost his life in the endeavor leaders of the meeting declared that to save the lives of degraded Chinese. "as Japan had sent her missionaries Some 500 Chinese coolies who had to Formosa, Korea and Manchuria, so been working in the bean-fields of also, tho the Chinese are hostile in Manchuria, started back to their home~ race, and have been our enemies in in the southern parts of the empire war, we must show that we love them about Christmas. The plague broke and want them to love our Lord and out among them, and they were stopt Master." en route and huddled into five small buildings, where Dr. Jackson joined Secular Forces Helping the Go.pel them, the only white man in the throng. Eighty of the coolies died, Industrial expositions in Japanese and then their physician and defender cities draw large crowds together, and himself contracted the disease. When these occasions are being used tv he discovered that the infection had reach the multitudes with the Gospel. laid hold of him, he undertook to hide In the Nagoya evangelistic meetings himself in order that no other physi- 3,000 persons handed in their names cian might run the risk of contract- and addresses. wishing for further ing the plague in attending him, but instruction. In Osaka, simultaneous his plight was discovered by his fellow services were held in 42 chapels, missionaries, who did all in their which were attended by 15,000 people, power to save him, but in vain. He while 1,300 gave their names as inwas but 26 years old. quirers.

JAPAN-KOREA Family Worship in Japan Carnegie Gives a Million The Kirisutokyo Sekai publishes a letter on family worship, written by a Count Okuma announces that Mr. Japanese lady whose husband is a Carnegie has given $1,000,000 to Wa· Christian. She says that the family seda University, Tokyo. Mr. Rocke- worship in her house lasts less than feller, he says, offered a large amount, fifteen minutes. The whole family but on condition that Christianity assembles at 6 :45 A.M. around a table should be taught in the school. Other- that will seat about ten people. Each wise Mr. Rockefeller would not give person reads his verse of Scripture in to a heathen school. turn; the little children and the serv- ants often make rather amusing mis- Missionary Spirit Among Japane•• takes. Each member of the household has his or her morning for choosing The TVestmiltster calls attention to a hymn. After the Scripture reading the fact that the "Japanese Church is over, the master of the house exbegan the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the introduction of Christianity, not by great meetings and

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

plains the meaning of certain verses, Progress in Japan and chooses a text to be taken as a motto for the day, and makes a few "Modern Japan," said a recent simple remarks thereon. Each mem- writer, "harbors a strange mixture of ber of the household takes it in turn belief and tendencies. Every shade to pray morning after morning. and strip of unbelief may be found- skepticism, agnosticism, materialism, Converted Through a Hymn and atheism, rung through all their changes, each drest in the garment A rich Japanese silk merchant sent of science, and all together contending for the missionaries in his town and ittubbornly with the old polytheistic entertained them most hospitably. He and pantheistic faiths, as well as with told how, as a child, he had attended Christianity. Dr. Imbrie tells us that a Sabbath-school. "Very often," he the real conflict that Christianity has said, "right in the midst of my busi- before it in Japan is essentially the ness the words of the hymn, 'Jesu:> same which it has to wage in Europe loves me, this I know,' come to me, and America-theism versus panand, try as I may, I can't get them theism and agnosticism, and the out of my mind." He then repeated Christianity of the New Testament the hymn from beginning to end, and versus the Christianity that reads into added: "Tho I've lived my life with- or out of the New Testament anything out religion, I feel that it is the most it pleases." important thing there is, and I want my little girl to be a Christian; and Chriltian Endeavor in Japan alld Korea it is for that purpose," he added emphatically, "that I have placed her in Japan has an active and very sucthe mission-school, that she may be- cessful Christian Endeavor Union, come a Christian."-E:rchange~ with a splendid field secretary, Mr. Sawaya, who gives all his time to the Two Tokens of Good encouragement of the societies and the establishment of new ones. These One of the best evidences of the Japanese Endeavorers have their own growing favor with which Christianity Christian Endeavor magazine, and is regarded by the people is the large hold enthusiastic conventions. Chrisand increasing circulation of the Scrip- tian Endeavor in Korea is made les~ tures. When people buy these they necessary than on most mission fields will read them, and thus become ac- because of the wonderfully strong quainted with the teachings that have character of the native Christians. been the basis of that civilization that Noone is considered converted there has made other countries great and unless he is a testifying Christian, and prosperous, and which the Japanese an evangelistic Christian also, going are seeking to imitate. Among the forth and winning others to Jesus. different ways in which Christian activity is manifest are the following: AFRICA 49 girls'-schools, 44 mixt and dayschools, 4 schools for training Bible Methodist Work Among Moslems women,s industrial schools, 22 schools for theological training, 13 orphan- The Methodist North Africa Misages, 4 day nurseries, 3 homes for old sion was established about three years people, 2 hospitals for lepers, 2 dis- ago by the reception by Bishop Hartpensaries, 3 homes for ex-prisoners, 3 zell of three missionaries at Algiers schools for deaf and blind, besides and three at Tunis who had been rescue homes and other social work, working with the undenominational like that for factory girls, which is North Africa Mission (British). At accomplishing much for the better- the beginning of 1909 a young German ment of the needy classes, but can not missionary reached the field, and two be tabulated. American missionary families at the beginning of 19IO. At the first an- nual meeting, held in Algiers in April, 1910, two other missionary families,

who had been working for years at go territory is waiting for the bless- Constantine were accepted. ings of a complete deliverance. Were the Powers but free to speak the de- Probably no other Methodist mis- cisive word, then the Kongo war be sion was ever organized with a like free. Meantime, until Belgium atones, company – three were Americans, in some measure at least, for the eight English, two Irish, two Scotch, enormities of the past, Christian agitwo German, one Berber, and one tation must needs continue to urge Arab, speaking or reading between that right be done.-London Christian. them 16 languages. Churches have been organized at Algiers, Constan- Presbyterian Work at Luebo tine and Tunis, with a total membership of 50, exclusive of missionary Secretary Dr. J. O. Reavis, of the families. Four Europeans were baptized at Constantine. From among Presbyterian Church, South, has rethe Moslems there was one baptism cently visited Belgian Kongo, and at Algiers, three at Constantine, and writes in the Christian Observer as one at Tunis. follows of Luebo: WEST AFRICA "The mission station is very attract.. ive. The grounds are covered with The new church of the Basle Soci- beautiful palms. In the center there ety at Kwanyako (Gold Coast) is "'- is the church, a great roof of palm striking proof of the fitness of the thatch, under which eleven hundred negro for civilization and culture. or more people can be seated. Around The chancel, altar and font are in ma- it are grouped the pharmacy, the hogany lathe-work, the benches of ant- printing-office, and other administraproof odum-wood, the floor solidly tion buildings of brick. A little farcemented, the walls of rammed clay, ther away are homes of the missionthe roof of corrugated iron-all negro aries-bungalows of mud with roofs work, a triumph of negro industry of palm thatch-very pretty and comover heathen sloth, a performance of fortable, but not durable. The misnegro civilization of far-reaching im- sion finds that to replace them graduportance in this uncivilized land. This ally with brick houses will be an econbuilding, and many others on the Gold omy in the long run. A brick-yard, Coast, are not only signs of a grow- carpenter-shop, repair-shop for the ing Christian life, they bear favorable steamer, etc., in addition to the buildtestimony to the mental gifts of the ings already mentioned, make Luebo negro. This is not a race that is quite a little settlement. Just outside doomed to intellectual stagnation.- the mission grounds are the villages ot Der Evangelische Heidenbote. several thousand natives, who have gathered there because they want to Latest News from the Kongo be near the mission."

The reports from the Kongo are Sl' SOUTH AFRICA confusing and so contradictory that we are glad to have it on the author- The Native African ity of our JZoreign Office that there is a substantial improvement in the treat- A Salvation Army officer, Commisment of the natives. Two consular sioner W. ]. Richards, who is in reports are forthcoming, to show in charge of the South African work, detail "what is going on." The best has been interviewed in regard to his thing in Lord Morley's answer was sphere of labor. He said: "If you the definite assurance that Britain will treat the native African as a child, not recognize the annexation by Bel- you will ultimately make a man of gium until there is "a near approach him. If you treat him as a dog, ht to the fulfilment of our treaty rights." will wait his chance, but sooner or As a <;ounsel of perfection this is ex- later he will bite you. The African cellent, but in the meantime the Kon- work is difficult, inasmuch as the ra· cial question comes in at every turn. Because of this prejudice we have dif-

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ferent institutions for our remedial adjacent provinces and so long as he work, so as to separate the whites sha1l remain without the boundarie::, from the natives. With financial aid of the province of the Cape of Good from the Government, we are dealing Hope; but his status as regards such with large sections of the criminal membership in the adjacent provinces population. We have access to every shall be the same as, and be regulated prison in South Africa, and we inter- and determined by, the status of colview the men and women and arrange ored membership in such of the other for their future. Some we send to provinces within the Union as he shall their homes, others we put on our find himself in." farms, and others we give a fresh start and encourage to do better." On the This clause would prevent such a religious side of the work Mr. Rich- man as Rev. John L. Dube from enards was emphatic. The uncontami- joying the privileges, full church-memnated native, in his opinion, makes a bership and worship in the Transsplendid Christian. It is when he be- vaal or other districts where the regucomes touched with the so-called civil- lations are more unfriendly to the ization of the towns that he degener- natives than in Natal. The defense ates. offered for the clause, as the Christian Express (Lovedale) states, is that What One School i. Doing without it union could not have been secured. Many feel, however, that One of the results of the revivals union is dearly bought at such a price. which took place in the Boer prisoncamps during the South African war EAST AFRICA was the foundation of the Boer Missionary Institute, at Worcester. Says Progress in German East Africa the Record af Christian W ark: "One hundred and fifty-five young people The work of the missionaries of the have already passed through the Leipsic Missionary Society among the course, sixty of them being on the Dschaggas of German East Africa has field, while the rest are engaged in been remarkably prospered during further study in the Wellington Semi- the past year, so that 292 heathen nary and elsewhere. The institute were baptized, and the number of purposes also to provide school- baptized heathen increased to 1,722, teachers for the Boer people. The of whom 902 were communicants. It Boer Calvinist churches have now is very encouraging to learn that more missions in Rhodesia, British Bechu- than 39 per cent. of the baptized analand and Nyassaland." heathen are able to read, and thus to make progress in the Christian life The Color Line in South Africa by the study of the Word of God. The average attendance at the regu- In a bill before the Union Parlia- lar missionary services throughout the ment in South Africa there is a very field was 6,800, while the pupils in regrettable clause dealing with the re- the missionary schools numbered lation of native Africans to the Dutch 6, roo. Tho these native Christians Reformed churches of Cape Colony, are very poor and have little oppor- Natal, the Transvaal and Orange tunity for earning money, they con- River. It is rightly proposed to unite tributed $430 for congregational and all of these into one church organiza- benevolent purposes. tion, but the bill provides that "no colored person, being a member of the The Mohammedan Menace Dutch Reformed Church of the colony or province of the Cape of Good In August last, the Rev. E. W. Hope, shall be entitled, by reason of Crawford opened up a new work at such membership, to claim member- Kabare, in the N dia country. He reship of the united Church in the event ceived a warm welcome from the of his finding himself in any of the chiefs and people. The Roman Catho- lic Italian Mission have since applieq to the Government for sites near this and other trans-Tana sites granted to

the society, and Mr. Crawford pleads 226 congregations, 139 European, 35 for reenforcements in order to evan- colored, 52 native), and 43,430 com- gelize the people. Of the Mohamme- municants (18,339 European, 12,224 dan menace he writes: colored, 14,867 native). Of course, the Presbyterians spoken of are only "I may point out that Mohamme- those connected with the Presbyterian dan Swahilis have established a vil- Church of South Africa. lage and mosque within a compara- tively short distance of us, and are MADAGASCAR doubtless doing their utmost to prose- lytize. So if the onward march ot The Gospel Entering Through the Eye Islam, of which we hear so much, is to be checked in this trans-Tana A missionary writes: "The year country, it is absolutely essential that has been one of progress. Even the further help shall be forthcoming im- Roman Catholics are being attracted mediately. With a full complement to the Gospel services. Equipped of workers we could undoubtedl), with good lantern apparatus, Mr. Denunder the Spirit's guidance, accom- nis has exhibited to more than 5,000 plish a great work for Christ; as it is, people, making of these occasions not our present staff in this large N dia mere picture shows but real religious country, with its huge population of services. Last Easter my wife and I many, many thousands, according to toured the whole district with a set Government statistics, consists of only of pictures on the Passion, trying tv my wife and myseIf."-C. M. S. Ga- bring to the people a truer conception zette. of all that Christ suffered for them. Many of them had never seen a pic- Church Statistics in South Africa ture before, and the beauty of these was a revelation to all. Each month The question of union between the I have a lantern service in the station Baptists, Congregationalists, and Pres- church, and nearly all the Roman byterians of South Africa has ad- Catholics come to these, as well as. vanced so far that a draft Basis of many outsiders. We get large crowds, Union has been prepared for consid- which are entirely reverential, and many are being attracted who would eration. Rev. Geo. J. Ferguson, Han. not otherwise come."

Sec. of the Conference on Church A Public Confession in Madagascar Union, contributes to The Presbyterian Churchman the following statis- Missionary Bjertnas of the Nortics regarding the three Churches.-I. wegian Missionary Society, who is Membership: Baptists, 5,295 (of stationed in Ambositra, Madagascar, whom 4,656 European, 224 colored, tells an interesting incident from the 415 native); Congregationalists, 21,- onslaught of French Freethinkers 000 (of whom 4,000 European, 12,000 upon Christianity in Madagascar durcolored, 5,000 native); Presbyterians, ing the past years. A general market 17,135 (of whom 9,683 European, was being held in Amobsitra, which 7,452 native), 2. Congregations: Bap- is the capital of the province, on May tist, 59 (37 European, 3 colored, 19 I and 2, 19IO. Large crowds of nanative); Congregationalists, 82 (32 tives had come from towns and vil- European, 32 colored, 18 native); lages to sell, to buy, but especially to Presbyterians, 85 (70 European, 15 amuse themselves. Races and similar native). 3. Ministers: Baptists, 40 games were held, according to the (all European); Congregations, 79 common custom, and everybody was (66 European, 4 Colored, 9 native) ; in good-humor, when three high masts Presbyterians, 83 (78 Europeans, 5 were erected upon the public marketnative). place, causing lively curiosity concern- ing their meaning, because the first Taking the three denominations to- bore a white flag, the second a yellow gether, the totals are 202 ministers one, and the third a red one. (r84 European, 4 colored, I4 native),

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Early on the morning of the sec- those gathered under each of the three ond day of the market the sound ot flags should have commenced, the drums called the people to the market- lawyer showed no more interest in his place, that the meaning of the three experiment. Why? Under the red high masts with their flags might be flag of the atheists were only three made clear unto everybody, and a men, the lawyer and two others, both great crowd followed the invitation. gold-diggers, one a European, the other a native. The number of those A French lawyer, an atheist, who under the yellow and the white flags had labored in Ambositra and its was estimated at several thousand, neighborhood with much zeal to de- and by far the most of these were stroy all faith in God, had approached gathered under the white banner as a the administrator of the province, and public testimony of their faith in God. had asked and received permission for the erection of the masts with their OBITUARY NOTES different flags, his plan being to gather all atheists under the red flag, all be- Rev. J. H. DeForest, of Japan lievers in God under the white flag, and all who were doubting, but not On May 8th Rev. J. H. DeForest, yet atheists, under the yellow flag. an honored missionary of the Ameri- can Board, passed away in Japan, When the crowd, called together by where he had served faithfully for the beating of the drums, filled the nearly forty years. He was born ill market-place, this lawyer arose and Mount Carmel, Conn., and was gradumade an address filled with bitter at- ated from Yale, after which he went tacks upon Christianity and mission- to Japan in 1874. He was greatly ary work. In closing his eloquent honored by the people of Sendia, speech he said: "It will now be shown where he lived, and on his return if the inhabitants of Madagascar are recently was met by the governor of susceptible to reason and culture, Of the province, the mayor of the city if they are as low as beasts. Let those and throngs of people of all classes. who have reached the same height a~ A local paper called him "our new I, where they can get along without national benefactor." The emperor God, and where they abandon super- con:ferred on Doctor DeForest the stition and barbarity, gather under the "Fourth Order of the Rising Sun." red flag. Let the miserable ones, who He was the author of "Sunrise in the stilI hope in God, testify to their fool- Sunrise Kingdom," and contributed ishness publicly by standing under the much to the friendly feeling between white flag. And let the undecided America and Japan, as well as to the ones gather under the yellow flag. I Japanese knowledge of God. am sure, however, that every really educated and enlightened European Bishop Stuart of Persia will make common cause with me." An honored missionary veteran, After this tirade the lawyer walked Bishop Stuart, who returned one year with proud steps through the crowd, ago to England from Persia, after 60 took his stand under the red flag, and years of strenuous labors, died relooked expectantly over the people. cently in his native land. Edward At first a disquieting silence prevailed, Craig Stuart's long years of service and one looked upon the other. Then in India, New Zealand and Persia life came into the mass of the people, bear marked evidences of the blessand everyone sought a place under ing of God, and there are signs of yet one of the three flags. When all had greater blessing to be outpoured as a taken their places, and the count of result of his work.

THE MISSIONARY

HALF A CENTURY IN CHINA-RECOLLECTIONS tact our author met these and similar dangers, how he faced the crowds AND OBSERVATIONS. By the Venerable nearly mad with excitement and fear, and by his sympathy and persuasion Arthur Evans Moule, B.D., Rector of Burwarton. With Illustrations and Map.

Hodder & Stoughton, London. Price, 7s. 6d. net. and patience led them step by step to From internal evidence we infer discover the groundlessness of the that this book was written during the stories they had credited until they eleven busy months that the writer laughed heartily at their own credu- spent in China when he went back, in lity, or dispersed with a murmur of fulfilment of a promise he had made appreciation and thanks, we must re- to the Chinese Christians and to help fer readers to the chapter on "Rumor"

Bishop Molony with his counsel and and Legends." Archdeacon Moule's support, after he had accepted the in- (the senior, we should add, for the cumbency of Burwarton. It is a author's second son is now also Arch- standing proof of his remarkable ver- deacon Moule, after twenty-three satility of mind that in the intervals years in the mission with which his of engrossing occupations he could father and mother were connected for pen these vivid and picturesque remi- fifty years) missionary life was spent niscences of bygone times, and express in Ningpo, Hangchaw and Shanghai, his weightv views on the problems and a good deal of information may presented by current events, with a be gleaned (the object of the book is literary grace and logical coherence not to give precise particulars and sta- whose force and charm never fail. tistics, but a narrative of personal Our venerable friend is one of, at the recollections) about those great cities, most, half-a-dozen English eye-wit- the first of which has a history ot nesses of the Taiping sieges of Ning- 1,200 years, and had a predecessor on po now surviving, and the account he a neighboring site whose story went gives in two interesting chapters of back two thousand years before those stirring events has a unique Christ.

value. The Archdeacon's eldest son The "Pagoda of Heavenly Investi- was born in that city when the Tai- ture" in this city was built A.D. ~, pings were outside the walls and the "when Oswy was Bretwalda in Brit- inhabitants were in a state of wild and ain"; was destroyed in II67, "just dangerous panic. The instances re- as the majestic cathedral of Durham called of heroic devotion to their was rising on its wood-fringed island- flocks on the part of missionaries, and hill"; was restored in I I45, "when the evidence of the strange influence the yellow plague was devastating Eu- which they exercised in restraining rope"; etc.-to give an instance of the wild characters who were for the graphic way by which the author some time in possession of Ningpo, succeeds in conveying to the least should be read just now in view of imaginative mind the import of facts the reckless and uninformed charges with which we often fail to be im- of Sir Hiram Maxim. Russell and prest. We are thankful to learn that Burdon, ot the C. M. S., a veteran in Shanghai the reproach of a far too missionary called Hudson, and the lax tolerance of houses of ill-fame and author, rescued hundreds of people of allurements and invitations to vice from misery, oppression and danger is steadily and surely passing away.

in the city. And after this rebellion A good deal is said about the re- was crusht by "Chinese Gordon," the forms that are in progress and are shock of it seemed to have left the projected in China, and especially people nerveless and ready to credit about education. The Archdeacon in a kind of frenzy any monstrous tale does not conceal a fear lest the or any rumor of magic or of portent, changes should be too huried and too and grave danger again threatened radical, for China's past has been dis- the lives of foreigners. With what tinguished by noble and useful traits unflinching courage and consummate which it would be deplorable to obliterate or to ignore or to minimize. In high and low alike. The work of his chapter on "Education and Litera- Pastor Fetler, a young Russian of ture" he cites some striking sayings of great zeal who has been much used Confucius and Mencius, of which he among his countrymen, forms the says: chief topic, and gives one great cause "The voices which I have now for thankfulness that God is raising sounded in my readers' ears are but up such workers in a field so long isolated ejaculations and calls, heard considered as hopeless.

and then silent in the pauses of the THE SIGNS OF THE TIJI[ES. By Rev. 1. M. sounds which waft down to us the life Haldeman, D.D. 12mo, 455 pp. $1.50 and the thought of two thousand net. Charles C. Cook, New York, 191I.

years. They are in the writer's esti- Dr. Haldeman, the pastor of the mation, with all their imperfections, first Baptist Church in N ew York and the imperfections and mistakes City, is an earnest student of the and omissions in the great body of Bible and of the times. While other history from which they are extracted, Christian students may not always sufficient to sustain the contention that agree with him in his conclusions, they they are worth preserving." will always find his opinions clearly He attributes to a great extent to and forcefully exprest, and can take the Chinese classics and their ethics, no exception to the earnest, Christian and to the memory and cult of Con- spirit and exalted ideals that the aufucius, the wonderful stability of Chi- thor upholds.

na, and he sees them being rapidly The present volume deals with the transplanted by an education without fulfilment of the prophecy of Christ ethics, without subordination of pupil respecting the signs to precede the last to master, of child to parent, of sub- days-the spirit of war, the decay of ject to sovereign, and, most serious of faith, the manifestation of the power all, soaring in conceit above faith and of sin, false miracles and false teach- worship of the Supreme. He will not ers. Dr. Haldeman shows the inbe suspected by readers of this paper c.rease of armaments, the ~eculariza­ of supposing that ethics can find and hon of the Church, satamc tempta- save the lost soul, but he insists that tions to doubt and pride, the destruc- it can show it in some sober manner tive criticism in theological schools, how far it has wandered, and he dep- the substitution of ethical culture and recates the light-hearted jettisoning of mental. science for Christianity, the so valuable a possession. exaltatIOn of human wisdom above WITH CHRISTIAN RUSSIA. By R. S. Lati- divine revelation, the adoption of mer. 12mo. 2S. 6d. net. Hodder & Stough- worldy and unrighteous standards in ton, London, 1910. The great Russian empire, with its place of those of God, the false wonmillions of subjects, its Orthodox ders of spiritism and science (falsely Church, its relentlessly autocratic government, and its methods of suppres- so-called), the increase of atheistic socialism, etc. Altogether, Dr. Haldesion of anything which tends to the man makes a strong case and one mental and spiritual awakening and worthy of prayerful study.

enfranchisement of its peoples, is al- OUR DUTY TO INDIAN ILLITERATES. By Rev. ways full of interest to outsiders. Stories of Russia are at all times cer- J. Knowles. Pamphlet. Published by W. H. Christian, I Susan's Road, East- bourne, England, 1910. tain of readers, and never more so This is an appeal for the use of than when they deal, as does this vol- Romanic letters for Indian languages; ume, with the inner life and work of 78,43 1,214 males and 88,487,203 fethe living Church in that land. The males in India over the age of fifteen writer, in a series of well-written are illiterate. This is, of course the chapters, tells of the evangelical wak- greatest hindrance to the spread of ening which has for some years past the Gospel. It would be a much been going on in the empire among simpler process to teach them to read and write the Romanic alphabet than THE CAPITALS OF CHINA. By William the more complex Indian characters. Edgar Geil. llIustrated, large 8vo, $5.00 There are more alphabets for India than for all the other languages of net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. the world put together. Owing to the number and complexity of the ver- TWICE-BORN SOULS. Stories of Convernacular script, it takes four or five years for adults to learn to read and sion. By Rev. Claud Field, M.A. 12mO, write it, while the Romanic system can be mastered in one or two years. 90 pages. Chas. J. Thynne, London, The time is coming when India will have a romanized alphabet. Why Great Queen St., Kingsway, W. C. should it not be inaugurated to-day? WHO WOKE Up TURKEY? The Judgment GOD'S FULL-ORBED GoSPEL. By Archibald G. of an Expert Newspaper Correspondent. Brown. 3s. 6d. H. R. Allenson, Ltd., London, 191I. A Letter of William E. Curtis to the Chicago Record-Herald. Pamphlet, 7 These sermons by the late pastor of pages. Spurgeon's Tabernacle are in every way worthy to rank with their many MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN INDIA. By predecessors from that famous pulpit. Full of true evangelicalism, un- Rev. Henry Huizinga, M.A., Ph.D. 138 swervingly loyal to Scripture, simple pages. 45 cents in paper binding, 60 in language and aptly illustrated with cents in cloth. The Literature Departthe right sort of illustration, they will ment. A.B.M.U., Ford Building, Boston, be much valued, and can not fail to Mass. bring the light of the Gospel to the hearts of their readers. Mr. Brown STUDIES IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF SOUTH preaches for conversions, and gets AFRICA. By G. B. A. Gerdener, M.A. them; the sermons in this volume are 12mo, 212 pages. Longmans, Green & all of a soul-winning character. They retain well their original force of ap- Co., New York and London, 19II. peal, and will be all the more highly valued now that Mr. Brown is relin- ASPECTS OF ISLAM. By Duncan Black Macquishing the pastorate of the most famous of London churches. Donald, M. A., D. D. 12mo, 375 pages. $1.50 net. Macmillan Company, New A PEACE SCOUT. By Irene H. Barnes. York. 1911. 12mO, 192 pp. IS, 6d. Church Mis- sionary Society, Salisbury Square, Lon- THE FIJI OF TO-DAY. By John Wear Bur- don. 1910. ton. 7s. 6d. net. Charles H. Kelly, Lon- The Boy Scout Movement is al- don, 1911 ready producing its literature. It has grown to large proportions and has AMONG INDIAN RAJAS AND RYOTS. By Sir many valuable features and few of the objections found in the Boy's Brigade. Andrew Fraser. Illustrated, 368 pages. Miss narnes gives an interesting little 18s. net. Seeley, London, 191 I. story s!-.owing the working out of the Scout principles in boy life. INDIAN IDYLLS. By Anstice Abbott. Illus- trated, 160 pages. 3s. 6d. net. Elliot NEW BOOKS Stock, London, 191I.

THE AWAKENING OF INDIA. By J. Ramsay THE YELLOW AND DARK-SKINNED PEOPLE OF MacDonald, M.P. 12mo. $1.50 net. Hodder & Stoughton, New York. AFRICA, SOUTH OF THE ZAMBESI. A De- OUT OF RUSSIA. By Crittenden Marriott. scription of the Bushmen, the Hottentots Illustrated. $1.25 net. J. B. Lippincott and particularly the Bantu. By G. M. Co., Philadelphia. Theal. 397 pages. lOS. 6d. Swan Son- nenschein, 191 I.

THE HISTORY OF THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY. By W. Conton. Vols. 3, 4, and 5· 30 S. Murray, London, 19II.

HALF A CENTURY IN CHINA. Recollections and Observations. By Archdeacon Moule. 7S. 6d. Hodder & Stoughton, London and New York, 19II.

ELEVEN ADDRESSES DELIVERED AT THE LoN- DON STUDENTS' MISSIONARY CONFERENCE. January 5th-7th, 19II. log pages. London c., Intercollegiate Christian Union, 88, Gow- er Street, London, W. 1911.

THE TRUTH ABOUT GOD. According to Reason and Revelation Compared with the Teachings of Paganism and with the Later Doctrines of Mormonism. IIlus- tr'l:t~d, pamphlet, 75 pages. Second edition. Utah Gospel Mission, Cleveland Ohio, 191 I. '

THE JAWS OF DEATH. By Edwin J. Hous- ton. 8vo, 395 pages. $1.25. Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadelphia, 19II.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1911

Mary Riggs Noble Mrs. E. D. Marden Mrs. W. H. Elmore Dr. yfacy

Miss Jenni e V. Hughes Miss Florence Miller Helen Barrett Montgomery THE SPEAKERS OF THE WOM AN'S MISSTON ARY JUBILEE CAMPAIGN

Cf"he fMissionary Cj(ecoiew

of the World ·OL. XXXIV. No.6 JUNE, 191 I VOL. XXIV. No.6 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES CONVERSION OF AN AFRICAN TRIBE the hundred. They are waking up from their hopeless, careless state, and While the Moslem power and prog- are making strenuous efforts to rise ress in Africa is a menace which in the world. must be reckoned with, there are in Uganda and West Africa many signs The awakening is said to have beof spiritual awakening which show gun when one of the head men of the what can be accomplished by prayer- tribe, who was dying, called some of ful, persevering effort. One of the his people to him and urged them to tribes now showing most responsive embrace Christianity. Soon after they interest in the Gospel is the Mabeyes, began to attend the mission, some of who, five years ago, were practically their number were oonverted and Qeuntouched, and whose language is came missionaries to their people. not yet understood by any Christian There seems to be an unusual hunger mISSIOnary. Some of these Mabeyes for the Gospel, and tho m05tof those have, however, been converted in the who attend the mission services do West African mission of the American not understand the dialect spoken, Presbyterian Church, and have be- they attend in large numbers, and come missionaries to their own people, after a service one of their number so that to-day the entire tribe seem will interpret what has been said. to be accepting Christianity. Many are being received into the church, after instruction, and are Rev. F. D. P. Hickman, in a recem bringing their children for baptism. letter, describes these people of Ka- Such is the demand for Sabbath servmerun and Spanish Guinea as a small ices that some of the Christian young tribe inhabiting the hinterland to the men are asked to go to several towns north of the Campo River. Until re- each Sabbath to speak. The people cently they have been looked down. are developing intellectually and morupon by other tribes as thieves and ally, and are winning the respect of cannibals, wedded to all kinds of neighboring tribes. Rev. A. 1. Good, heathen practises. The Mabeyes the son of Adolphus Good, has reseemed to think it was hopeless for cently been appointed as missionary them to try to rise above their de- to these people. The work is most graded and despised condition. With- encouraging, and shows what may in the last five years, however, there take place in many other tribes of the has been a wonderful transformation, Dark Continent. and they are now turning to Christ by A CHINESE EVANGEUSTIC reports from Wuchang, one of the great student centers of China, as- CAMPAIGN tonishing interest aroused by effort" at Christian evangelization. The At the China Centenary Mission- meeting in Hankow of the Evangeliary Conference the evangelistic work cal Association of China, and the prescommittee was told to take steps for ence there of many messengers of the the organization of an evangelistic Word, was made the occasion for a association. This has been formed week's campaign in three cities. More with representatives from nearly 40 than 10,000 turned out each night to missionary societies. The plans of the hear the message, and hundreds of association are founded on the undel- inquirers were enrolled; 80 of these standing that the work of evangeliza- in the Episcopal parish of St. John's, tion must be done chiefly by the Chi- Hankow. Four meetings held in the nese themselves, and that this work Boone Library Hall were attended by can not possibly be done without a very large increased force of evan- from 500 to 800 students a night, most gelists. The association is to begin its campaign with the organization of these being non-Christians from the of revival meetings in the churches of government institutions. China; then men are to be chosen. foreigners as well as Chinese, to be set DISORDERS IN SOUTH CHINA apart to hold annual revival missions at all the large centers in each prov- China is such an enormous country, mce. with a popUlation four times that of the United States, that it is not sur- One of the leading native evangel- prizing to hear of riots, rebellions, ists is Ding Lee May, under whose murders, mob violence and other disministry over one thousand persons turbances in various parts of the emhave given in their names during the pire. These often mean no more than past year as desiring to study Chris- a strike, a lynching, or a boycott in tianity; while 688 students, both boys some parts of America, and yet the and girls from the different mission appearance of such an item of news schools have indicated their desire to of rumors and fears concerning the "work for the Lord," either as un- mIssIonaries and other foreigners. ordained evangelists, Bible women or in the daily press gives rise to all sorts pastors, just as the Lord may call Sometimes they are in danger because them. It is impossible to tabulate they are foreigners, but usually they the thousands of efforts put forth are no more likely to be disturbed than by the unordained evangelists, Bible if they lived in a riotous district at women and Chinese pastors in all the home. northern part of China. Recently reports have come of dis- In Central China, also, there has orders in Canton district, South China. been one of these waves of religious The missionaries in some of the outinterest which have never been ac- lying stations have been in danger, but counted for except on the Christian thus far seem to have escaped. belief that they are a sign of the presence and power of the Spirit of God. Warships have been ordered to do For example, the Spirit of Missions everything in their power to persuade all foreigners to take refuge on the ships, and the British authorities at

OF THE

Hongkong have cabled to London ap- duced to extreme poverty. One of peals to have British warships rushed the Scotch missionary physicians in to Hongkong to protect BritIsh lives plague-stricken Manchuria, Dr. A. F. and interests. Jackson, has given his life in this service; and two others in the famine The present uprising is probably the country, Rev. Dubois Morris and Dr. most serious that has ever been known Samuel Cochran, very nearly sucin southeastern China, which for years cumbed to typhus fever, which re- has been disturbed by the secret Chi- sulted from their overwork in relief nese societies and political organiza- of the distress. The self-sacrifice of tions. With fire and sword the rebels the missionaries, the generous help are sweeping the country, leaving a from the Christians at home, the trail of death and outrage in theIr study of the causes and cure for the wake. plague, and the measures for the pre'- vention of future famines have, how- Several warships from the United ever, made the outlook brighter, and States Asiatic Squadron now in Phil- missionaries express the hope that ippine waters have been ordered to both the temporal and the spiritual China to protect American lives and future of the Chinese will be better property interests at Canton, as the because of this sad experience. result of a conference held by Secretary of State Knox and Secretary Dr. Cochran writes from Whai of the Navy Meyer. United States Yuen that the funds supplied for the Minister Calhoun cabled the State De- relief of the famine sufferers were partment from Peking that the British carefully applied with the help of local authorities at Hongkong had forbid- committees to supply rice to starving den British vessels to call at Canton families. A special census of the because of the alarming conditions needy was taken, and many men there. were employed in the distribution. The entire expense of the census and The American Board and the Pres- distribution was borne by the local byterian Board of Foreign Missions Chamber of Commerce, so that all the in Boston and Baptists have missions funds contributed were used for the in the province, but no word has come supply of food. that any missionary has been harmed at any of the 13 stations in the dis- The present indications are that turbed district. There are 145 Ameri- the greatest distress caused by the can missionaries in the region–66 famine and plague are past and that men, 45 married and 34 single women. with the reaping of early harvest and Certain Chinese mission-workers at the precautionary measures against Canton are supported by the Canto- the spread of the plague, the stricken nese Chinese in the United States. districts of China are once more be- ginning to take on a more hopeful THE PLAGUE AND FAMINE IN CHINA aspect.

It is hoped and expected that bless- WILL TIBET BE OPENED? ing will ultimately result to China from the terrible visitation which The head of the Buddhist religion, some provinces of the country have the Dalai Lama of Tibet, who is now experienced. Thousands have died in exile at Darjiling, India, was inter· and thousands more have been re-

viewed last month by William T. Ellis, Who can estimate the results of such the "Editor afield" of The Continent. events in this pivotal city! Moslem It seems that the office and not the dailies gave favorable notices of man is revered and worthy of notice, these meetings, and a Jesuit priest for the Dalai Lama himself, whose who had been persuaded to attend name is Ngag-Wang Lobsang Thub- the first address by Prof. Raoul Allier, den Gya Tsho, is an insignificant per- of Paris, sat up half the following sonage in physical, mental and spiri- night writing letters to friends to urge tual make-up. them to attend the remainder of the services. The Greek Orthodox Bish- Mr. Ellis was obliged to take a op of Para, presided at a series of white scarf in his hands and approach meetings held in the hall of the Greek the Dalai Lama thumbs up. The "di- Syllogos, loaned for the occasion. vine personage" seemed anything but Dr. John R. Mott gave a searching divine, having a pock-marked face, address before the Greek Orthodox a bullet-head, pointed ears and waxed Theological School, and another before mustache. The Dalai Lama intimated a packed audience of students from that it was his plan to return to Tibet, the Imperial University, more than and, as a result of his observations in half of those present being Moslems. China and India, he proposes to open the closed land to foreigners, and to As for the conference itself, the send some of the Young Tibetans to presence of such men as Prof. Cairns Europe and America for education. of Aberdeen, Prof. Sadler of Man- I f this program can be carried out chester, Prof. Soderblom of Upsala, it wiJl mean great things for Tibet. Dean Bosworth of Oberlin, Prof. The Lama exprest regret that Bud- Henry B. Vright of Yale, Count dhism had declined in purity, but pre- Moltke of Denmark, Baron Paul dicts that in four hundred years all Nicolai of St. Petersburg, Dr. Chiba the world will be Buddhists. The of Tokyo, Mr. Chengting T. Wang Tibetans still regard the Great Lama of Shanghai, Mr. K. C. Chacko of with special reverence. Since by liv- India, to say nothing of :Mott, Fries, ing to maturity and by his travels in Wilder, E. C. Carter, Miss Ruth other lands, he has already established Rouse and others, provided a feast new precedents, he may help to inau- of good things to inspire everyone. gurate a new era in Tibet. The tone of the conference was pa- cific, not controversial; Christian, not THE STUDENT CONFERENCE IN denominational; constructive, not CONSTANTINOPLE radical; missionary not propagandist. One consequence of the gathering is Two hundred and thirty delegates to be the formation of a Student from thirty-three different countries Movement for the Ottoman Empire. met for five days, April 24-28, in the In the absence of such an organization chapel of Robert College, to consider up till now, the delegates from this subjects connected with the moral and Empire were noticeably in the backthe spiritual regeneration of students. ground, there being not even a rep- Simultaneously there was conducted resentative from Robert College on a campaign with fifty-seven meetings the program. The formation of this in eight languages, with an aggregate attendance of ten thousand.

movement will be fraught with difficult Visitors to the exposition had also problems, clue to variations of lan- opportunities to meet with mission- guage, nationality, and religious be- aries from all parts of the world; lief; but the unifying Spirit of Christ they could study manners and cus– is certain to solve these difficulties, toms, the methods of heathen worshl1) and when united in such a national in India, China, Africa and elsewhere; movement, the students of the Empire they could see actually demonstrated will prove a mighty force. the scenes such as take place daily in dispensaries, schools, and churches in THE WORLD IN BOSTON The missionary exposition in Bos- mission lands and among negroes, ton has just closed a most successful mountaineers, miners, lumbermen and season. It was visited by from three settlers in American home mission to fifteen thousand people a day, who fields. Everywhere visitors were per- -could make a missionary tour of the sonally conducted by missionaries and world in sixty minutes, at the cost of stewards in a most courteous and ef- twenty-five cents for traveling ex- fective way. The moving pictures, penses. Ten thousand stewards, or costume lectures, addresses, story- ushers, exhibitors and participants in telling hours and educational confer- the pageant helped to make the ex- ences offered every opportunity for position a success, and these men and entertainment and instruction.

women have, no doubt, received the One of the most valuable sections greatest benefit. Three months of of the exposition was the exhibition study, contact with missionaries, im- of graded work in missionary instruc- parting of information to others and tion, with samples of work done by the giving of themselves to service in students of all ages and with practical the exposition could not fail to make suggestions as to methods in mission- an impression on them. ary education and service.

The exposition was well planned The value of this exposition seems and the plans were well executed. The to us to consist, (I) in the general pageant, with its well-trained choir, interest given to visitors in people of its impressive scenes from missionary other nations; (2) in the benefit of the history, its beautiful spectacular ef- preparatory study by the stewards; fects and its large interested audiences, (3) in the opportunity afforded to made a marked impression on the meet with missionaries and to study thousands who were present. The the actual conditions and work in scene from the life of Livingstone in mission lands as reproduced in the Africa and that representing the over- scenes enacted; and (4) the reflex in- throw of heathenism in Hawaii were fluence on converts in mission lands especially noteworthy. An historical who helped to make the exposition incident, such as might have been se- possible by their cooperation.

lected from the work among the We understand that already several Nez Perces Indians or Metlakahtla, stewards have volunteered for mis- would have been more impressive than sionary service as a result of the in- the imaginary one selected to rep- terest awakened by their study. It resent work among Eskimos and In- has also been stated by missionaries dians. that Christians in Burma, who made

and gave many things for exportation, The missionary work has been temwere particularly blest by the op- porarily interrupted in Chihuahua and portunity to help to stir up interest some of the other disturbed districb, in America. The important question but it is hoped that the return of peace is "After the Exposition-What?" will bring still greater freedom in the Will the churches take advantage of preaching of the Gospel. The greatthe new interest to provide attractive est difficulties have been due to the missionary meetings, to establish mis- bitter opposition of the Roman Cathosion-study classes, to foster intelligent lic Church, whose representatives are missionary giving and to increase the quick to use every possible opportunumber of missionary volunteers? If nity to discredit Protestants in the eyes they do not the time and money ex- of the Government and the people pended will be wasted. If they do it of Mexico. The representatives of will mark the beginning of a new era Papacy have still great power with in the progressive, world-wide mis- the masses, and keep the people in sionary campaign in New England. ignorance of the true differences be- tween Roman and Protestant Chris- CHANGES IN MEXICO tianity.

At last there has come a change of WIPING OUT THE SOCIAL EVIL government in Mexico. The permanent president, General D. Porfirio The new "Injunction and Abate- Diaz, who has held office, by his own ment" law of Iowa is proving to be will rather than by will of the people, a powerful instrument in breaking up for eight successive terms, or since prostitution in that State. Any citi- 1878, has resigned under pressure zen can secure in a day an injunction from the revolutionists and from against a disorderly house, or against members of his own cabinet. The a house which is suspected, and this rebel forces were becoming so aug- injunction can only be raised when mented, and their victories so numer- the owner proves that the building ous and important, that the only path is not being used for immoral purto peace seemed to be by the complete poses. If he is unable so to do, the capitulation of Diaz and a reorgani- entire furniture is confiscated, the zation of the Government. For years owner and occupier are subjected to General Diaz has ruled Mexico with damages, and it is forbidden to rent an iron hand, which he has claimed to the house for one year afterward. This be necessary to preserve order. The law is doing more to protect women chief complaints against his govern- and girls than any of the sort which ment have been that popular presi- has even been placed on statutedential elections have been a farce, books. Dr. John R. Hammond says that he has ruled despotically, even that a brief announcement in a Chicaresorting to assassination and unjust go morning paper of the rescue of a imprisonment, when these seemed twelve-year-oId girl who was being called for to carry out his purposes, held at a police station, brought inquiand that he surrounded himself with many undesirable officials and has con- ries from 500 whose daughters had tinued in office many governors who are obnoxious to the people. recently disappeared. He asks: Where were the other 499 twelve-year-old girls?

TRIUMPHAl.. MARCH OF THE WOMAN'S MISSIONARY CA.MPAIGN

THE WOMAN'S JUBILEE CAMPAIGN BY HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY At the Ecumenical Conference in eight years has been their chairman, New York in I9OO, an interdenomina- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, of Boston. tional committee of five women was To all the qualities of leadership, appointed, which was destined to do a initiative, vision, daring, executive remarkable work. For ten years they ability, she adds a charm of person- have held, uninterruptedly, regular ality, a sweet reasonableness, a self- meetings; each year they have pub- less devotion that makes her able to lished mission study text-books for achieve where to others failure would women and children that have been seem foredoomed.

used throughout the land in all denomi- After nine years spent in the study nations; they have conducted summer- of various fields and types of mission school courses in mission study and activities, it was decided by the com- missionary methods in seven States; mittee to center the study of the womthey inspired the publication of Every- en of the churches this year on the land, that wonderful children's quar- story of their own organized work terly; and to all these many activities in foreign missions. The text-book they added the inspiration and formu- "Western Women in Eastern Lands"

lation of a national celebration of the was already in press when the fact jubilee of the organized work of wom- was recognized that the present year en in foreign missions. marks the fiftieth anniversary of the The secret of all this achievement is first woman's board to receive its char- ta be looked for in many strong and ter from the State, the Woman's forceful personalities; but, as the other Union Missionary Society of New members of this unusual group would York City. Six months after the time be quickest to admit, preeminently in when the idea was first broacht in the personality of the woman who for committee the endorsement of the

women's boards had been secured, an land. Then at the rate of two, and extension committee had been organ- sometimes three a week, came Louisized in Chicago to engineer the west- ville, Nashville, Washington, Richern circuit, local committees had been mond, Baltimore, Harrisburg, Philasecured in a score of cities, and the delphia, Pittsburg, Buffalo, Atlantic first jubilee meetings were actually un- City, Albany, Troy, Springfield, New der way. It was the first test that Haven, Providence, Worcester, Boshad been made on a national scale of ton, Portland, Syracuse. In addition the excellence of the women's organi- to those originally scheduled, one-day zations. The smoothness, ease, econ- jubilees were held at Fall River, omy and efficiency with which units Newport, Poughkeepsie, Binghamton, representing a dozen denominations Wilkesbarre, Elmira, and many othel were geared on to the movement was cities and towns, and Sunday services a revelation to even the leaders. With- at Vassar and Wellesley. The closing. out paid secretaries, without close su- and national celebration was held at pervision, without any periodical to New York, March 28th-31St. While represent them, with the briefest time the weather conditions were not as for preparation, the jubilees moved on ideal as on the Western circuit, no ju- from West to East in an unbroken bilee was seriously interfered with by series of triumphs. It will be of in- rain or storm, and the health of the ju- terest to study features of the move- bilee party continued unimpaired. One ment in some detail. member, Miss Florence Miller, in ad- The National Extent of the Jubilees dition to attending every jubilee, put The first jubilee meetings were held in the weeks between the Western and in Oakland, Cal., October 12th ancl Eastern meetings in continuous and 13th. In as rapid succession as rail- very exacting speaking. The schedule way connections permitted, followed of another member of the party two-day sessions at Portland, Seattle, shower! I 10 addresses and talks in the Denver, Omaha, Lincoln, Kansas City, Western, and 209 in the Eastern St. Louis, Milwaukee, Chicago, Minne- series.

apolis and St. Paul, Indianapolis, Cin- The Jubilee Organization cinnati, Detroit. In the forty days From one hundred to four hundred covered by these meetings there was women from the Protestant commu- only one day when the jubilee speak- nity in each locality worked together ers were not either speaking or trav- as one, for the three months preceding eling to meet appointments. During . the jubilee. There was the executive that entire time no woman was unable committee, the subcommittees in to keep her appointment, not one of finance, transportation, hospitality, them missed her train, umbrellas or publicity, program, luncheon, devotion, rubbers were not once needed. Trav- music; and th,e denominational com- eling by night and speaking by day, the mittees, with their close organization.

happy little group went on their ju- There were weekly meetings of each bilant way. subcommittee, almost daily meeting!> After an intermission from Novem- of the executive committee. Some- ber 21st to January 23rd, the Eastern times there were inspiring committee circuit opened with meetings at Cleve- meetings of the whole, when hundreds

I 1 THE WOMAN'S JUBILEE

of women met to hear reports from all ing jubilee. And God blest and honthe subcommittees. The social fel- ored them abundantly in the doing. lowship that resulted was so appreciated that in many cities the women The Plan of the Jubilee said that the joy of preparation and the consequent enrichment of life were This was essentially the same in all. worth all the trouble, even if There were many variations and disthere had been no jubilee to follow. tinct individuality in the combination The preparations were extraordinary in their thoroughness, their largeness MRS. H. W. PEABODY AND HELEN DARRETT of vision. Deputations spoke of the MONTGOMERY coming jubilee before churches, clubs, schools, and civic meetings. Circu- of the elements, but the elements were lars were sent to physicians, teachers, the workers' conference, the luncheon, preachers; correspondence was begun the drawing-room meetings, the de- to interest the country newspapers. nominational rallies, and the mass- Thousands of prayer-pledges were cir- meetings. culated. Automobiles were engaged to conduct each speaker to all her ap- At the workers' conference the ever pointments. Luncheons were planned recurring questions were discust with on a hitherto undreamed-of scale. Cot- fresh eagerness, and a new definitetage and church prayer-meetings were ness. The points to receive greatest held. Copies of the text-book were emphasis were (I) Enlargement: the sent to the ministers who were asked enlistment of the whole Church instead .to preach on the opportunities and of the IO per cent. Over and over need of women's work in missions. testimony was borne to the debt under Drawing-room meetings were ar- which the Laymen's Movement had ranged in various districts of the city. placed us by insistence on this point, Meetings for nurses and physicians, by urgency of the every member can- for busy women, for school girls, fot vass every year, and optimistic insist- children, were planned. Preliminary ence on going after the last man. rallies by the score were held in all quarters of each city, sometimes at- (2) Enlightenment: Literature and tracting audiences of 600. Denomi- its diffttsion, the stttdy-class acclimated nations held their own preparatory rallies, circulated literature, published the plans for the jubilee offering, as~ signed luncheon tickets. The largest halls were engaged and preparations were made for overflow, paraIlel, and simultaneous meetings. Too much praise can not be given to the women in each city who with such thorough- ness, such daintiness of detail, such gracious thoughtfulness, and such deep spirituality, planned for the com-

in every church, the use of posters, ballrooms and gardens of the Plaza, banners, charts, moving-pictures, pag- Hotel Astor, and the Waldorf-Astoria. eants. "What one is least up on, she Most of the lunches were very simple, is very apt to be most down on," as two, or at most, three courses. Many one of the speakers wittily put it. The of them had to be served without abysmal ignorance of the church mis- tables, "lap luncheons," as they were sion ward must be undermined by a called. Yet, with very few exceptions concerted, well-planned, continuous, they were remarkably well managed; well-thought-out attack by the ear- most of them were astonishingly well gate, the eye-gate, the play-gate, the done. In Seattle, the women of the prayer-gate, on every side. First Presbyterian Church prepared and served a luncheon to more than (3) Enfranchisement: The trouble I,OOO women, all seated at daintilyis a sort of parlor or parish minded- spread tables. The service was ness, an environment too cramped in with precision and dispatch, and the which to grow a world enterprise. luncheon delicious. It seemed a mir- Small-mindedness is a disease bred by acle of management that this delicious isolation and insulation. To get a hot luncheon could be provided at a world vision of business, politics, sani- profit for fifty cents a plate. The attation, peace, is a help to get the world tendance in the luncheons was a nevervision of the kingdom. failing source of surprize. In Phila- delphia, where the committee had ex- (4) Enduement: The spiritual dy- pected to have luncheon tickets on sale namic is needed most of all. Missions for two weeks, I,750 tickets were discan not thrive in a prayerless church, posed of in twenty minutes. The nor a church of timid, selfish prayers. spirit of the luncheons was contagious. Missions were born in prayer, are nur· Women caught missions as children tured in prayer, and must be extended catch the measles. It wasn't safe to through prayer. The possibility of go to a luncheon unless one was willbeing intercessory missionaries wa5 ing to be converted. The Christian brought home again and again. fellowship, the hearty singing, the short, spirited addresses of from five The luncheons were the great social to ten minutes each, the dead-in-earsolvent and recruiting grounds of nest enthusiasm, the very size of the the jubilee-to indulge in a violent thing, united to produce an impression change of metaphor. There was some- hard to define, but impossible to igthing inspiring in the very numbers. nore. At Denver, 1,150; at Kansas City and Cincinnati, 1,5°0; at Cleveland, 2,200; In the drawing-room meetings an at Buffalo, 2,400 women sat down in attempt was made to reach the women one room to luncheon. In Philadel- least likely to be attracted to the genphia 2,500 were seated in two rooms eral meetings: the women of large and brought together for the toasts means, exacting social engagements, in the beautiful Academy of Music. and little active interest. The success In Pittsburg, six lunches, two each of the drawing-rooms varied greatly day, were held. In these, 4,400 wom- in different cities. In some they were en were served, and 400 paid for the ideally perfect, in others less successprivilege of looking on. In New York, 6,000 women were served in the great

I9 II ] THE WOMAN'S JUBILEE CAMPAIGN 4II

ful in reaching the women for whom in our own country started' in a drawthey were planned. The success was ing-room; why should it not continue in direct proportion as the committee to be presented there? In one of the grasped the idea of the drawing- most influential drawing-rooms of rooms. "Vhere a committee ran them, New Yark, 350 young girls met by inrelieving the hostess of responsibility vitation, and at the close, all were preand assigning the ticket pro rata sented by their hostess with a copy of among denominations, they were less "Western "Vomen in Eastern Lands." successful; attracting as was natural, women already identified with mis- The denominational rallies were the heart of the whole jubilee-the very A SCl::NE .FRO M THE MI SSION ARY P AQJ:::ANT-THE MI SSI ONARY M EEnNG IN MR S. ROPt-5' PARLOR stOns and reached by the other meet- pulse of the movement. The thought ings. Where a hostess socially popu- of raising money was not at all promilar and standing for the best things, nent in the minds of the originators of gave herself as well as her house, the the jubilee, but when once the meetresults were most gratifying. It proved ings began, the money commenced to that it is as possible for such a woman flow in. The boards realized that the to fill her house with her friends to time was ripe to celebrate with a listen to a talk on missions as to one thank-offering, the close of fifty beauon Greek art. A new vision of the tiful years of work. Special needs ministry of the drawing-room came to were presented, permanent additions many a woman in these tender and to equipment, new buildings and the beautiful meetings. Woman's mission- like. At the denominational rallies it ary work both in Great Britain and was beautiful to see the solemn eager-

ness of the women. They came to- "Christ raised the memorial of His gether to sit listening with a strange praise to two women," said Mrs. Pea- intentness, as the missionaries and body, "the widow who cast in her secretaries set forth the definite needs mite, and Mary of Bethany, who and the definite plans. Often there brought her vase of spikenard, very were wonderful seasons of prayer and precious. The poor widow he praised praise. Sometimes women spoke right for the greatness of her gift in pro- out in meeting; as when one rose wher, portion to her power. Had rich Mary a whole churchful had pledged $2,500 said, 'I will bring my mite,' He would and said: never have told her that her gift "I've been thinking of the money I should be spoken of for a memorial, have in these three willow plumes, and wherever His Gospel was preached."

I've been counting up the plumes in "The mite from the mighty is a this audience, and I reckon they would disgrace; let us wipe it out," said an· come pretty near to raising the $30,- other.

000 our board wants to raise. I move "Hear the pennies dropping, drop- we take off the plumes or take another ping, has been taught to our children collection." They took the collection long enough. We have been suggest- and got their $30,000. How the money ing small gifts, and the subtle power did roll in; $19,000 in Denver, $50,- of mental suggestion long applied is 000 in Kansas City, $85,000 in Indian- in striking evidence in the results,"

apolis, $too,ooo in Pittsburg, $150,000 said a third.

in New York! When the Western In the East, where the two-cents-a- jubilees dosed with nearly $400,000 week-and-a-prayer ideal had been contributed, it seemed not unreason- longest regnant, the financial returns able to anticipate a total of $1,000,000. registered the dominion of a fixt At the close of the New York meeting idea. Women had so long been taught more than $900,000 had been pledged, to think of missions as a minor char- with six months remaining before the ity that they could not at once change close of the jubilee year, and with their standards. The very women who scores of smaller jubilees yet to be would give thousands to a local cause, heard from. felt that they were making a noble Money was only one of the things offering to "missions" in giving $50.

pledged in the denominational rallies. If the denominational rallies were In one rally 350 women pledged to get the heart, the mass meetings were the one new member each. Pledges of silver trumpet of the jubilee. As the time, of prayer, of work, were fre- speakers were forcing their way to quent. Subscriptions to mission pe- the platform through a struggling riodicals were made, new auxilia- mass that blocked all the aisles and ex- ries were formed, deputations were tended far into the street, one of them planned, State campaigns were organ- innocently asked one of the crowd, ized, prayer-cards were signed. In "What kind of a meeting is this?"

all, the passing of the old deadening "Just a missionary meeting, ma'am.'· standard of the tiny minimum gift The unconscious humor of the situa- from all, irrespective of ability to give, tion often came over the speakers as was emphasized. they hurried from one simultaneous

19II ] THE WOMAN'S JUBILEE CAMPAIGN

meeting to another to speak three or times was this limit exceeded in the four times in an evening on a subject whole series. The men seemed spethat is not supposed to be popular. cially to marvel over and to enjoy this feature of the women's meeting::.. In Nashville, the women had hired "There is no use talking," said one, an armory, seating 5,000; in Rich- "the terminal facilities in these conmond, a convention hall, seating 4,000, ventions beat ours all hollow." Much and both were well filled. In Phila- of the effectiveness of the mass meetdelphia the police said they were glad ings was due to the absence of preachit poured the last evening, for they ing, the sticking to facts, and the excelhad all they could do to seat th~ crowd lent team work among the speakers. in the Academy of Music, as it was, and a simultaneous meeting besides. The mass meetings are full of good In New York, Carnegie Hall was stories. Something happened in every filled to the roof, and good audiences city that was good to tell in the next. were in attendance at Calvary Baptist One of the favorites was about the and the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian. dear little old lady who was listening to The size of the audiences, the splendid one of the speakers, her guest at dinsinging, the rapt attention, the sense ner, as she dilated on the growing of a Presence made the mass meetings sense of Christian unity. tremendous dynamics of missionary enthusiasm. "Just think," she exclaimed. "In Korea the Presbyterians and Method- The message of the mass meeting ists have divided the entire territory was a plain statement of facts, a between them. Four hundred Methodstraight appeal to reality. The oneness ist churches in Presbyterian territory of the world, the impossibility of keep- were told to enroll themselves as Presing America Christian in a pagan byterians, and did so without a murworld, the impossibility of solving her mur." problems except as factors in a greater world problem, the crisis in the Far "Isn't that wonderful," breathed the East, the educational opportunity in old lady. "And 400 Presbyterian China, the medical needs of India, and churches were directed to become the unique influence of the medical Methodist," continued the speaker. missionary, the awakening of Turkey "Oh, how could they!" said the and the new open door in the Near shocked little old lady. East, the challenge to America of the emerging Christian communities of the Perhaps the most impressive of the Orient, were features emphasized jubilee mass meetings was that held again and again by the speakers. There in the great Episcopal Cathedral of All were few long speeches, from ten Saints, in Albany, with the venerated minutes to a half hour was the limit Bishop Doane presiding. The vast usually. The speakers kept to sched- building, shadowy, solemn, beautiful, ule splendidly, or when necessary, was packed to the door. For the first were kept there by the chairman. The time in its history a woman was asked mass meetings began on time, and to speak. At the close the Bishop said closed at half-past nine. It is safe that he felt the cathedral had to say that not more than five or six received a new consecration in this meeting, whose keywords were unity and missions.

Time would fail to even catalog have been wastefully wicked and wick- all the glories of the mass meetings, edly wasteful of the common good.

the superb women's choruses in Wash- We must climb to Abraham's height ington and Philadelphia, the historical when he said to Lot: "If thou wilt setting of the Washington meeting, go to the North, then I will go to the the student volunteers in Kansas City, South; if thou wilt go to the South, the pageants in Pittsburg, Philadel- then I will go to the North; let there phia ar.d Nashville, the civic meeting be no strife 'twixt me and thee, for in Denver. Each city had some note we are brethren." of distinction and interest. In New The jubilee has taught women to York the beauty and solemnity of the Missionary Pageant given at the Met- plan and work together as one Church ropolitan Opera House to a "Caruso for the big interests of the kingclom, house," as one of the reporters put while loyally loving their own division it, was beyond praise. of the main army. In New York, steps were taken looking toward a united campaign for their common The Meaning of the Jubilee interests on the part of all the wom- It remains to speak, in closing, of en's boards of all the churches. To the meaning of the jubilee. The sim· have the stimulus of great interdeplicity of the means used is entirely nominational mass meetings, to have inadequate to explain the results. A simultaneous membership campaigns, few missionaries, a secretary or two, to issue universal prayer-pledges, to coming to town to talk about missions set a goal toward which all shall work, is no explanation of the crowds, the is as possible as to combine in one enthusiasm, the spirit, the power of course of study as we have for ten the meetings. The conviction deep- years. A new breath of life is astir. ened with those who were privileged VI/e can never go back to our isolation. to go from meeting to meeting that the Spirit of God was moving in (2) A new appreciation of service. His Church, preparing it to be ade- The inevitable reflex of a world vision quate to the tasks of the twentieth is new power for the next ta:ik. The century. The Young People's For- whole includes the part. A church alive to the kingdom can not be indif- ferent to the city or the nation. Al- ward Movement, the Student Volun- ready, when the faint echoes of the teers, the Laymen's Movement, the jubilees are still ringing, we hear Edinburgh Conference, the Women's of study-classes organized, State cam- Jubilee, are all parts of one great paigns begun, prayer-circles multi- world strategy. OUf little thoughts, plied. The root of all philanthropies our early Victorian prejudices, our is love. An enriched soil is the best isolated interests, our dwarfed sym- situation to get good rootage. God pathies, our puny gifts, must be can not bless a disobedient church.

changed if we are to do the task God He can bless, and He is blessing the sets before His Church. church that is not disobedient to the In this preparation we can clearly heavenly vision of an earth redeemed, discern: (I) a new sense of unity. and that goes into all the world Our divisions, our unbrotherliness, preaching the good news.

IN TEN T S NEAR T UN IS) NORTH

NORTH AFRICA FROM A MiSSIONARY POINT OF VIEW BY JOHN RUTHERFORD, .wL.. D.D., RENFREW, SCOTLAND Author of "The Gospel in North Africa," etc.

The northern half of Africa is, per- and also the whole of the Sahara haps, the largest part of the world's Desert, with a multitude of large surface which is still practically un- oases and with a vast uncounted evangelized, and presents a great chal- population-all are without the Goslenge to Christian faith. The south- pel, for any attempt to proclaim the ern half of the continent has many kingdom of God there is only in its missions, and in South Africa Gospel very infancy. Dr. Karl Kumm, of the work has been carried on for a cen- United Sudan Mission, is almost the tury or more. Even in Central Af- only Christian man who has traveled rica, where the Gospel has entered through those countries of the Sudan. more recently, as, for instance, in His journey in 1909-IO was across Uganda and Livingstonia and the Africa, from the Niger to the Nile. Zambesi, there are strongly manned missions; and the work of the Gospel The lands which border the southon evangelistic, educational and indus- ern shores of the Mediterranean (with trial lines has been marvelously suc- the exception of Egypt), have had the cessful. But when we turn to that Gospel introduced only within the last part of the continent which lies to thirty years. Morocco is separated by the north of the equator and of the not more than fifteen miles from the great central lakes, how great is the British fortress of Gibraltar, ami difference, how little has been accom- southern Spain. plished, how little has even been attempted! Stretching for hundreds of miles along the coast there are fertile plains, The great belt of territory stretch- beyond which the hilIs gradually rise ing from the Gulf of Guinea across to the Atlas Mountains. This mighty the continent as far as Abyssinia i5 range stretches east and west from known as the Sudan. Under this the Atlantic coast in Morocco, through name there are countries containing Algeria, until it reaches the coast of some forty millions of people; these the Mediterranean at Cape Bon in are northern Nigeria. Sokoto, Bornu, Tunis. Some of the summits are Adamawa, Bagirmi, Wadai, Darfur 7,000 or 8,000 feet in height, and in and Kordofan. This vast region, winter are covered with snow, while which is still practically unexplored, the plains beneath are basking in the sunshine. Here flourish the palm-tree

with its loads of dates, the vine in the But in Morocco and Tripoli, under Algerian vineyards, the fig-tree, pro- Moslem rule, enterprise is stifled, inducing abundance of food, and the justice and oppression have the upper olive, with its harvest of berries, which hand, and poverty and decadence and when prest in the native oil-press, misery abound on every side. The blight of Islam rests alike on the land SOME BEDOUIN GIRLS OF NORTH AFRICA and on the people. In Morocco "there are no roads, and goods have to be affords oil both for light and also for carried into the interior by mules and cooking. The orange-groves are full camels. Passengers must ride on a of beauty and fragrance, and supply beast or walk, and as there are no rich harvests of golden fruit. bridges over the rivers, they have fre- quently to wait on the bank for hour~ In the Roman period North Africa or days till the floods subside. There are neither harbors nor lighthouses at was one of the grain-growing dis- the coast towns. Steamers lie out in tricts, from which the city of Rome the offing at anchor in the Atlantic drew its food supply. The physical swell, and passengers and goods are features, notwithstanding centuries of transported in boats and lighters, neglect, are still excellent. The cli- when the weather makes COI11I11UDlCamate is delightful, the soil is fertile, tion possible." there are large mineral resources quite undeveloped, so that these countries East from Morocco is Algeria, possess all the outward conditions of which, along with Tunis, is a French prosperity. possession. Algiers, once a strong- hold of the Barbary pirates or cor- The French have been the owners sairs, as they were termed, is now of Algeria since 1830, and great ma- a flourishing city and a favorite health terial improvements have been intro- resort for Europeans. The grandeur duced, such as railways, harbors, ex- of some of the scenery can hardly be cellent roads, bridges, police, and all exaggerated. The city ane! the bay ot the other signs of Western civilization. Algiers are peculiarly beautiful, with the snow-covered Djur-Djura Moun- tains some forty or fifty miles to the east, in the Kabyle country, while the plain from the sea to the foot of the mountains is rich agricultural land. In front are the blue waters of the Mediterranean, while overhead is the cloudless blue of heaven.

There is much in North Africa that is interesting to the lover of the grand and beautiful in nature, and there is much, also, that greatly interests the student of history; but much more is there that appeals to the disciple of Christ. Even the natural beauty and

AFRICA FROM A MISSIONARY POINT OF

the historical interest alike make a The Numidian cavalry turned tht: fresh appeal to send the Gospel to the peoples there, the Arabs, the Berbers, scales of war for Hannibal at Cann<e, the Europeans, for in those lands of sunshine the minds of the people are for Rome at Zama. After not in the light of the Lord. five-and-twenty centuries of foreign The first of the conquerors of North Africa were the Phoencians, and Car- THE 'IOMB OF JOHN HOWARD PA YNR~ AT TUNTS , thage was the capital of their African N OR TH AFR leA colony. The people of Carthage offered public sacrifices of children to rule they are still the basis of the poptheir idols, Baal and Astarte, until the ulation." Christian era. The ruins of Carthage are very wonderful, and monuments The next of the invading races, afhave been excavated there, 'showing ter the Phoenicians, were the Romans. the worship of the gods of Tyre and It was during the Roman period that Sidon. Christianity entered North Africa. The references to North Africa in tht: Tripoli is still part of the Turkish New Testament are numerous. The Empire, and Egypt is in the hands ot ship in which St. Paul sailed on his the British Government. The former voyage to Rome was, at one point, country is, like all things Moslem, like to fall on the quicksands-so the backward and insecure; Egypt is in sailors feared. These quicksands, the a condition of marvelous outward Syrtes, lie off the coast of Tripoli. The prosperity, altho in recent years there nobleman who had been to Jerusalem has been the beginning of a native out- to worship, and who, as he sat in his cry against the British Government. chariot, read the prophet Isaiah, was an African: he had come from far up The original inhabitants of these the Nile, his home was somewhere countries, Morocco, Algeria and Tu- near Khartum. One of the prophets nis, are the Berbers, whom Professor Sayee believes to be identical with the Amorites of the Old Testament. "The Berber aborigines," writes Dr. Gwatkin,* "look like Europeans, and are utterly unlike the Semite or the negro, or even the Egyptian. Their tall and sinewy forms, often with blue eyes and flaxen hair, have given rise to many a legend of the Vandals in the recesses of Mount Aures, or of the Gothic fugitives in the Canaries; yet their vivid and emotional temper reminds us rather of the Gauls or Phrygians than of the solid Teutons. It is not for want of courage that they never played a leading part in history.

• "Early Church History," Vol. 2.

THI': R01t1A~ CATHOL~C CATHEDRAL ON BYRSA HILL, AT (,RTHACE, NORTH AFRICA and teachers in the church at Antioch Athanasius, Augustine. The work of was Lucius of Cyrene. Cyrene is in Athanasius and of Augustine is im- North Africa, between Egypt and perishable, that of the former in de- Tripoli. Apollos, the friend of St. fense of the true and eternal Sonship Paul, "an eloquent man and mighty and Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the scriptures," was a North Af- that of the latter connected with "the rican: he was born in Alexandria, in doctrines of grace." Egypt. The man who carried the cross of Jesus was a North African, There were also Christian martyrs Simon of Cyrene. This one fact- in North Africa, men and women who even were there no other-makes an were true to Christ in the dark days irresistible appeal to every man who of fiery trial and persecution. The knows what we owe for salvation here prison, the sword, and death by wild and hereafter to the crucified, but beasts–these were the portion of the now living and reigning Christ. Christian martyr then. Who is there who has not heard the thrilling story Two translations of the New Testa· of Felicitas and Perpetua, the two ment have come down to us from the Christian women who were put to second century, showing how the death for Christ's sake at Carthage? early Christians loved the Word of God, and translated it into the com- After the Romans came the Goths mon tongues. One of these is the and Vandals, and in the seventh cen- Syriac, the other is the Old Latin tury there was the Arab invasion, version; and the latter of these, the propagating the faith of Islam. The Old Latin, was made by Christian Hegira or Flight of Mohammed took men in North Africa, for Latin was place A.D. 622, and before the seventh the language spoken there at that century had closed, his successors had time. An appeal to us in these days of entered North Africa in the interests Bible societies, to give the Bible to of their religion. Tho Mohammed North Africa again. was dead, these Moslem warriors were impelled by an enthusiasm which car- The Christian era in North Africa ried all before it, and the nominal gives us the names of men who have Christianity of North Africa was pracleft their names indelibly in Christian tically blotted out by the conquering history, men like Clement of Alex- hosts of Islam. Sidi Okba, or Akbar, andria, Origen, Tertullian, Cyprian, one of the Arab generals, whose tomb

19II ] NORTH AFRICA FROM A MISSIONARY POINT OF

is near Biskra, in the Algerian Sa- byles is Mohammedanism, which prohara, led his army as far west as fesses to be a revelation given to Mo- Morocco, and when he reached the hammed by God; but its condemna- Atlantic, he spurred his horse into the tion is written on its face, not only ill sea and exclaimed that, were it not the contradictions found in the Koran, for the barrier of the ocean, he would but above all, in the permission which compel every nation under heaven to it openly gives to its adherents to worship God or die. live in sin, and in the express revela- tions, which it alleges were made to The candlestick of the North Af- Mohammed, allowing him to commit rican Church was removed out of its the sin of impurity. This taint has place, and for 1,200 years-except in run through its history from the very the Coptic Church in Egypt-the Gos- beginning to the present day. pel seemed to have no place in North Africa. But among the Kabyle tribes The position of woman in all Mosto this day there lingers the wistful lem lands is unspeakably sad, and is memory that their ancestors once were one of the most terrible blots on the Christians: certain Christian facts and Mohammedan religion. Woman is customs still exist among them, and everywhere degraded and prevented seem to have been of use in the work from occupying the position of affecof the Gospel in these days. Thank tion and of honor, which the New God that His Word has again, within Testament gives to her. Christian these last few years, reentered these women too often fail to realize how lands, and its entrance has not been great are the benefits here and now of in vain. "our common salvation," how great the freedom, the privilege, the deliver- Modern Missions ance from the sore social disabilities The religion of the Arabs and Ka- THE REMAr~s OF BASILICA AT CARTHAGe, WHERE CYPRIAN PREACHED AND MARTYRS WERE BURIED

and cruelties which fall upon women saw the nature of the diseases treated wherever Christ is unknown. The by the doctors. It is always the same miseries of our Moslem sisters are story to a large extent the diseases are unceasing. One of their sayings is, the result of immorality. "By their "When a girl is born the threshold fruits ye shall know them" is our weeps for forty days." The sorest Lord's test of all things. Islam has utburden and the greatest sorrow fall on terly and lamentably failed in morality the girls and the women. and in its treatment of woman. Mos- lem women, when they hear the story Women of the poorer classes are of Jesus, of His life and His Cros.3, treated as mere beasts of burden. In- express their astonishment at the chardeed, it is not an unknown thing to acter of the Savior, so unlike is it to see a woman alongside a donkey, and that of Mohammed. The purity, the both woman and donkey dragging the self-sacrifice, the love of Jesus, all so same plow. Such is the servile toil new to them, so unlike anything they in the fields; and in the houses things ever heard or thought-they call Him are little better. "the White Christ."* Better-class women are kept in strict Christian women owe everything to seclusion, and often go out-of-doors Christ. Is there no appeal to make on Fridays only-the Moslem Sabbath. the Gospel known to Moslem women ': They are then allowed the privilege (!) of visiting the cemeteries, where The practical duties of the Mohamthey meet their women friends. They medan religion are prayer, almsgiving, have no choice of a husband, but are fasting, "bearing-witness," and the practically sold to the highest bidder. pilgrimage. Prayer is offered five The Koran permits every Moslem to times every day. Every morning the have four legal wives at the same muezzin calls to the faithful, "Come time, and the result is that Moslem to prayer, come to prayer, prayer is homes are the abodes of ill-will, jeal- better than sleep." Fasting is bindousy, intrigue and misery. A laJy ing on every Moslem from sunrise to missionary asked a Mohammedan how sunset during an entire month every he could have peace in his house with year, the month of Ramadhan. Witso many wives. For answer, he pro- ness-bearing is the belief and the repeduced a wooden stick, and said, "This tition of the following words, "There always brings peace." is no God but God, and Mohammed is the apostle of God." To repeat this Some, whose adverse criticism of on a death-bed, they allege, is to make Christian missions is often heard, al- sure of entering paradise. In North lege that a knowledge of Christ is Africa they have a saying, "Shun a quite superfluous and unnecessary to man who has made the pilgrimage to Moslems, because of what they call Mecca once; live not in the same street the beautifulness of Islam with its with him who has performed it twice; teaching of the unity of God, and and reside not in the same country its other merits. Such persons would with a man who has visited the Kaaba have a different opinion if they hap- thrice." His assurance of the Moslem pened to be present, day after day, ir, heaven makes him still more wicked. the dispensary of any of the medical missions in North Africa, and if they .. See "Our Moslem Sisters."

AFRICA FROM A MISSIONARY POINT OF VIEW

Mohammedanism is a system which of God" shows the moral and spiritual is intentionally anti-Christian. It as- identity existing between the Father serts that Mohammed is the "Com- and the Son. The relationship is not forter" promised by Christ. It also one of creation, but is a filial one, tells us that Christ, after being cruci- that of Son with the Father. The fied, miraculously left the cross with- relationship of Christ to the Father out dying, while another person took did not begin during time; it is an- His place upon the cross and died; but terior to time; it is an eternal rela- He who died on Calvary was not tionship.

Christ. "I delivered unto you first of There are three Mohammedan uni- all," says St. Paul, "that Christ died versities in North Africa. One is at for our sins, and that He was buried, Fez, in Morocco. The second is in the and that He rose again the third day, city of Kairwan-;-one of the "holy"

according to the scriptures." Moham- cities of Islam-in Tunisia. The third medanism denies that Jesus is the Son is in Cairo, in Egypt.

of God; it denies that He died for our A missionary at work in Tunisia, sins; it denies that He died at all; it and who is well acquainted with Mos- denies that He rose from the dead. lem modes of thought, believes that it The Mohammedan is never ashamed is the duty as well as the golden op- of his religion. Wherever he is, he portunity of the Christian Church, to is quite ready, without demur, to kneel establish at once a strong mission at down in the street, and repeat the each of these centers, Fez, Kairwan evening prayer, and testify to God and and Cairo, for the purpose of pre- to Mohammed. Dr. George Smith senting Christ and the Gospel to the gives an interesting instance of this.* thousands of Moslem students who Dost Mohammed, an Afghan prince, are being educated at those univer- was captured by the British in the war sIties. Every year a multitude of of 1838, and was sent to Calcutta, Moslems, who have finished their edu- where as he drove with the Governor- cation in the Koran, leave those citie::.

General's family on the course, he as zealous propagandists bf lislam.

astonished the public by getting out of We have only to recall the fact that his carriage daily at sunset to pray the countries already referred to in toward Mecca. the Sudan were heathen a century When Mohammedans hear the Gos- ago or less, and have now been con- pel, they often say that they find great verted to Mohammedanism, to have difficulty in accepting the statement the fact borne in upon us, that it is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. absolutely necessary both to evangel- "What do you mean" they ask, "by ize those lands in the Sudan as well speaking of Christ as the Son of as the adjoining countries which are God?" still heathen, and also to give the Gos- JeSt1S is the Son of God. This name pel to the Moslem students in Fez, is used in order to distinguish Him Kairwan and Cairo. The example of from all created beings. His Sonship Raymund Lull, of Henry Martyn, of means that He is of the same nature Bishop French, of Emma Herdman, with God the Father. The name "Son and of other brave souls, who lived * "Twelve Indian Statesmen," page 51. and died to carry the Gospel to Mo-

hammedans, as well as the call from tra! Morocco Mission, the Gospel the 220,000,000 Moslems of the Union of Kansas City (U. S. A.), world, should not fall on deaf ears. Miss Trotter and coworkers in Al- This is the cry from the modern Ma- giers, the Brethren, the French Wes- cedonia-"Come over and help us." leyans in Kabylia, the Church Mis- sionary Society in Egypt, the United The languages of North Africa are Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A., chiefly Arabic and the various dialecth the Dutch Mission, the Egypt Genof the Berber tongue. There are, of eral Mission, the Methodist Episcopal course, also the languages of the Church of the U. S. A. Europeans, chiefly these: Spanish, French, Italian and English. The The British and Foreign Bible Sotranslation of the Bible into Arabic ciety has various depots in these counis a beautiful and faithful version: tries. In Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and it is the work of Dr. Van Dyck, of some other towns, there are shops in the American Mission in Beirut, which the scriptures are sold, and Syria. It has been of very great serv- where the missionaries look out for ice in carrying the Gospel to all who opportunities, which occur every day, are able to read Arabic. Some trans- of putting the Gospel before the lations of portions of the New Testa- people. ment into colloquial Arabic have also been printed. In Egypt the society has an im- portant depot. Mr. Wm. Summers Translations have also been made and Mr. Hooper have charge of the into several of the Berber dialects. Bible work from the Canary Islands in One of these caIls for special notice. the Atlantic, to the Indian Ocean; Mr. E. Cuendet, one of the mission- surely a wide enough field. aries of the North Africa Mission, in Algiers, has labored for many years In Morocco there is a population at the translation of the New Testa- estimated at from four to eight milment into the language of the Kabyles, lions; the area is equal to five times and has finished it. The Kabyles have the size of England. Excellent work kept themselves distinct as a race is being done by the societies working through all the centuries since they in Morocco. The South Morocco Missettled in North Africa, not mingling sion has a staff which, in 1910, conwith the successive nations who con- sisted of 6 men and I2 lady missionquered the land, but retiring to their aries, while the work is superintended fastnesses in the mountains. Thus, by a strong committee which meets in there is in their language a living rep- Glasgow. The honorary presid~nt is resentative of one of the tongues Mr. John Anderson, principal of the spoken in Canaan at the time of the Bible Training Institute, Glasgow, conquest of that country by the Israel- who was also the founder of this misites under Joshua. sion. The stations occupied are Mar- rakesh, Mazagan, Saffi and Mogador. The various societies and agencies This mission was begun in 1888, as at work in North Africa are chiefly an attempt to answer the call to take these: The British and Foreign Bible up work in a needy and unoccupied Society, the North Africa Mission, the part of the mission field. Southern Morocco Mission, the Cen- The North Africa Mission began

19II ] NORTH AFRICA FROM A MISSIONARY POINT OF

work-at first among the Kabyles of The stations occupied by the North Algeria-in 1881, exactly 30 years Africa Mission are, in Morocco, Tanago. The work expanded into the gier, Casablanca, Tetuan, Arzila, Laattempt, which God has greatly owned raish, and Fez; in Algeria, Cherchell, and blest to reach the Arabs, as well Algiers, Djemaa Sahridj, Constantine as the Jews and Spaniards and Ital- -the ancient Cirta-and Tebessa; in ians, in Algeria, Morocco, Tunis, Tunisia, Tunis, Bizerta, Susa, Kair- Tripoli and Egypt. Were funds and wan, and Sfax; in Tripoli City, and men available, work would be begun in Egypt, Alexandria, Shebin-el-Kom, in northern Arabia also. The work and Asyut. Many of the Haussas among the Kabyles has been very from the Sudan are found in Tripoli, A LADY MISSIONARY READING TO ARAB WOMEN IN NORTH AFRICA fruitful in its results, one or two small to which they have come right across churches of converts have been organ- the Sahara Desert. ized, and the work has stood the test of thirty years, notwithstanding many The French Wesleyans have also a social and other difficulties, as well as mission in Kabylia, in Algeria; while much opposition of a religio-political Miss Trotter and the ladies associated nature. This brave mission has done, with her reside in Algiers and work and is still doing, much to carry God's there and in the surrounding district. salvation to the natives of all those The Methodist Episcopal Church of countries. But the field is very wide, the U. S. A. have also begun work in and the mission needs more support, Tunisia and in Algeria. both in prayer and in money. In Egypt the work of the United One of the former missionaries of Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A. the North Africa Mission, the late has been greatly blest; it is of long Miss Emma Herdman, labored most standing, and has had a very wide inenergetically from 1884 to 1899. fluence.

The methods followed by these mis-

sions are: Preaching the Gospel, med- elsewhere, there has been gospel work ical work in hospitals, dispensaries, "with signs following" in conversion and in the people's homes; women's and changed lives. missions to women; children's homes and classes; itineration; scripture sell- Medical mission work is carried on ing and distribution. in Rabat, at Tangier-the Tulloch Memorial Hospital-at Marrakesh. The present need of North Africa These stations are in Morocco. There has been made more vivid than ever is also a medical mission at Sfax, in by the greater knowledge now possest Tunisia, under the charge of Dr. regarding the various countries and Churcher. The sick are attended to, the people. There is scarcely one mis- medi~ines are dispensed, surgical cases sionary to everyone hundred thousand are treated, and to all comers the Gos· souls. The work could be greatly ex- pel of the grace of God is proclaimed. tended, and this at once, if workers An idea of the need of North Africa and means were forthcoming. There may be seen from what exists at that is a marked change within the last few one spot, Sfax. Dr. Churcher writes: years toward the workers and toward "My wife and myself are the only the Gospel, Some of these important witnesses, that we know of, to the results have been summed up as fol- Arabs in this city of some 60,000 lows: people; nor is there anyone in the regions beyond. The great need is· I. Closed doors, scowling faces, emphasized when we have poor sick hatred, threats, and even violence- folk coming to us from the Kerkenna two of the missionaries of the North Islands, where there are some 8,000 Africa Mission were murdered, one people living without either doctor or in Morocco, the other in Sfax, in Tu- missionary, or when we visit country nisia-have been changed into open markets or towns and find dire need, houses, friendship and gratitude. both physical and spiritual." Many copies of the printed Gospel are also 2. The former idea, once so preva- given to the patients at the dispenlent that the "Nazara," or Christians, saries and hospitals. Besides the stawere idolators, and that they were tions already mentioned, medical misguilty of all kinds of wickedness- sion work is also done at many other this idea has been overthrown, so far places, e. g., at Tripoli, and in Egypt. as the missionaries are concerned; and the name of Jesus now stands for pur- North Africa has now something of ity, goodness, sympathy, love, and the aspect which a tropical jungle prehelp to the helpless. The missionaries sents to a pioneer. A fter years of toil are trusted as the people's true friends. there is a clearing seen in the dense and matted growth of centuries, and 3. The Gospel is becoming known here and there are patches of ground both in the coast towns and even in in which wheat has been sown, and places far remote in the interior. So~ls where it has grown and has been harhave been won for Christ, especially vested. Even so is the kingdom of among the Kabyles; but also among God (Mark 4: 26). The work is the Arabs, men and women have come hard, no one denies this, but the reto know the salvation of God. Among sult is as sure as the promises of God, the Jews, the French, the Italians in Tunis, the Spaniards in Tangier and

IKOKO CHIEF AND HIS WIFE, RONGO FREE

WOMAN'S LIFE IN AFRICA llY M. E. RITZMAN Winwood Reade graphically de- the stench of the black mud of the scribes the fearful degradation of Af- mangroves and the miasma of the rica as, "A woman whose features are swamps; whose lap is filled with gold, in expression sad and noble, but which but beneath lies a black snake, watchhave been degraded, distorted, and ful and concealed; from whose breasts rendered repulsive by disease; whose stream milk and honey, mingled with breath is perfumed by rich spices and poison and with blood; whose head lies fragrant gums, yet through all steals dead and cold, yet is alive; in whose

horrible womb heave strange and world," says another writer, "is not monstrous embryos. Swarming around their religion, their manner of life, her are thousands of her children, their prosperity, but the respect paid whose hideousness inspires disgust, to woman. 'Woman has always been their misery compassion. She kisses the life and spirit of all true and them upon the lips and with her own genuine civilization.''' Mothers and breath she strikes them corpses at homes are the corner-stones of emher side. She feeds them at her pires. According to this test, the un- reached peoples and tribes of many A ZULU WOMAN WITCH DOCTOR parts of Africa are as low as it is possible for any nation to go. Everybreasts, and from her own breasts they ",-here, from birth to death, woman is are poisoned and die. She offer::. but the tool, the slave of her so-called them the treasures of her lap, and as lord and master. She lives the life each hand is put forth the black snake of a drtldge, without education, with bites it with his fatal fangs. Thus no spiritual light piercing her midfor ages and ages this woman has night darkness, and finally goes out continued to bring forth children, and into the unpierced deeps of eternity, to kill them as she attempts to nour- oftentimes without even a decent ish them. burial.

"Look at the map of Africa. Does Marriage is contracted in early it not resemble a woman with a huge years. It is considered the end and burden on her back, and with her face aim of a girl's existence, and she turned toward America?" only waits for some one to buy her. In some tribes of Central Africa, even "The index of the civilization of before birth, some man will aspire every nation or people in all the to be the husband of the unborn child, and will deposita sum of money or some equivalent in value with the mother or father. In case the child be a girl, she already belongs to him, and if a boy, the fee deposited is re- turned, to be offertd to some other expectant mother. In most tribes, however, marriage does not take place until the tenth or twelfth year.

The bride is acquired by purchase, the price varying according to the tribe in which she lives, the number of girls on the market, her own charms, and the wealth of the would- be bridegroom. "Five large blue glass beads will buy a woman in some sec- tions of Africa, but it· takes ten to buy a cow." In some tribes the price is as high as from forty to sixty goats.

WOMAN'S LIFE IN

Among the Shilluks of southern Su- is no limit to the number he may have, dan, according to latest quotations provided he can find them and buy (I9IO), the purchase price of a girl them. A man's prominence and auis five or more cows, according tv thority in the village and community her charms. The father takes the is estimated by the size of his harem. cows he has gained in exchange for His reputation as a person of wealth his daughter's hand, and buys another expands with every wife he takes, wife for himself. A man thinks just and the central idea of marriage is as much of his wife as he does of the to increase his honors and provide goats or the cows he has, and no more. abundant service for his physical A Itl…'NAWAY ZVLU PkINCESS tT INANDA SEMINARY, S:)UTH AFRICA This girl chose a Christian education in preference to heathenism and maniage to a Zulu Prince. She was valued at 100 head of cattle, but would not t'etllfn home. In tIle photograph her is trying to induce llCr to leave the school and to return to her heathen surroundings.

There is not, as in the Orient, lam- wants. "A man's wives make the entation at the birth of daughters. house great" is a C0111111011 Zulu say- They are welcomed, because they arc ing. vVith only one wife a man is an article of trade. A man sees a for- considered poor. If I have but one tune in his daughters, a boy in his wife, who will cook for me when sisters, for they will bring in so many she is ill? is a question often asked head of cattle. by the wife-loving native.

Polygamy is everywhere practised Among the Shilluks, the king is the and presents gigantic obstacles to the most married man in the territory, elevation of the natives. It has been having 200 wives. The king of well called the idol and the curse of Ashanti, in the days of his wealth and the Africans. The chattelizing of wom- glory before the coming of the British, en is its twin sister. All that a man was limited to 3,333 wives, who durhas will he give for wives, and there ing the working season were scat-

tered over his plantations, but in the tinent? In the first place, polygamy winter occupied two streets in the is attended by the same fatal conse. capital, and were kept secluded. As quences which everywhere follow in a result of this system, women are its train. "It makes man a tyrant, as unevenly distributed there as money and women and children rivals, intent is among us. upon supplanting each other, and ren- ders filial love extremely rare." Be- The Rev. J. S. Mills, in his "Mis- tween the man and his wife there ex- ists no affection. The African woman sion work in Sierra Leone," gives oftentimes detests her husband above the following reasons for polygamy. all others, and strifes, jealousies, and "Polygamy is entrenched in three endless bickerings prevail among the great facts difficult for us to meet: women of the household. Murder ot The first is the 'impossibility for one a husband, or of a rival wife, or of African woman to do the work of the her children is not uncommon. So house, prepare the food, fetch the suspicious is the African husband ot water, cultivate the farm, and look his own wives that when food is preafter the children attributed to one pared for him by one of them, he man. She might do it if she could makes her eat a portion of it, to make do the work one white woman can do, sure that it has not been poisoned. but she. can not. This leads her not to care a fig how many women have There is no family life. With all her man's attention, so long as he his wives, the African has no home. gives her as much cloth and beads as There is no such thing as parents and any of the others receive. She rea- children gathering around the dinner sons, the more women, the less work, table or the hearthstone. That beand she is satisfied.' The second fact longs to Christianity. The wives live is the one well-known to ethnologists, apart with their children, in huts built that the negro, when he knows that for them. When meal-time comes, his wife is to give birth to a child, one of the wives has to prepare the lives separate from her until after food for her husband, and then stand that child is weaned; and he thinks and watch him eat it. If there is any he must have another wife to live left after the husband has gorged himwith during this interval. The third self, he may throw it to the hungry fact is that public opinion favors the children or to the still more hungry plurality of wives by making a man's dogs and the wife has to look out for standing depend to some extent on her own dinner. "The naked children it." Servants, as a rule, do not exist catch a snatch of food at any hOUl among the Africans. The wives are of the day and run off to eat it, or nothing better than servants, altho lie down to eat and sleep like little they do not bear the name. In such cubs. If there is a 'family' at all, or a state of things, the more wives a if it 'gathers' anywhere, it is in single man possesses, the more hands he file on the road, coming together for has at his disposal, the more land he safety from a distant plantation or can cultivate, and the more wealthy fetching building materials from the he can become. forest, or removing from the old col- lection of huts to build in a new loca- Under such circumstances, what is woman's condition in the dark Con-

tion. In the latter case, the man walks ciren, but also the furniture. At the with a grand air at the head of the halting-places they have to see to the column, carrying a gun which weighs making of the fires, and the procuring four or five pounds, while behind of wood and water-the last often him files the procession of his wives, difficult enough to procure. In short, the women attend to everything not immediately connected with the chase. If food runs short, they are the first to be stinted, and get ill-treated as well. A weak, old, or sick woman is often left behind; a bowl of water, a root or two, and a bit of meat, art; placed beside her, and the wild beasts soon accomplish her destiny.

Woman's position is well illustrated by the story of the native African whe. ordered his wife to carry him on her shoulders over a deep and perilous ford of a river. She obeyed his com- mand successfully. The husband, on A ZULU GIRL OF SOUTH AFRICA the favorite next him, loaded with all A NGOMBE WOMAN, UPPE:R KONGO his possessions, iron cooking-pots particularly in evidence, a load of per- being remonstrated with by a white haps fifty pounds to each woman." man, asked in astonishment, "Then whose wife should carry me over jf The African husband, as a rule, is my own does not?" a lazy, exacting, indolent man. Woman is hi~ drudge. While her lord A missionary writes: "None but and master lounges, snuffs, smokes, hunts, guzzles beer, or gads from kraal to kraal discussing a recent case of witchcraft, or gMges himself with meat like a boa-constrictor, she, with a child on her back, and a heavy hoe on her shoulders, goes to the fields, digs the hard soil all day long or pulls the rank weeds from the garden, for she is both miller and baker, cook and farmer, and beast of burden. At night she returns home with a heavy bundle of fire-wood on her head. On their journeys, the women of the Bushmen not only carry their chil-

those who have witnessed the >Jork- a groveling and loathsome animalism. ing of polygamy in South Africa can There is very little, if any, chastity adequately conceive the degradation among the native heathen women of and misery it involves, and the strong Africa. "She is the prey of the strong, counteracting influence it presents to her virtue is held of 110 account, she philanthropic labor. Both mind and has no innocent childhood, mother- heart are brutalized by it. Should hood is desecrated, and when 'She wraps vileness about herself as her A YOUNG KONGO BRIDE habitual garment, it is encouraged." In early childhood, by means of vile the wife be sick and unable to perform practises, the sweet innocence of the her daily task, she is liable to hear child is blighted, before it ever unfrom the husband the question: 'Why folds, and evil habits are forced upon do you not work and get back the the unsuspecting babe. In the home cattle I have paid for you?' If child- there is no privacy, and lessons of less, she can be returned to her home personal purity are never taught by as an unprofitable thing." Unques- precept or example. Before it seems tioning obedience is required of the credible, these little girls are encourwives by their husbands. All signs aged to become the constant companof disrespect or disobedience are ions of some boys of their own age, promptly met with severe punishment. and are led into sin by means of cer- tain games, which are conducted by Another result is her dwarfed intel- some one older. In a letter home, the lectual capacity. Millions of African Rev. Donald Fraser described these women never saw a book in their life. conditions in the following words: So low has she sunk among some tribes that even the instincts of her "It is the gl~aming. You hear the humanity seem to have given place to ringing· laughter of little children who are playing before their mothers. They are such little tots you want to smile with them, and you draw near; but you quickly turn aside, shivering with horror. These little girls are making a game of obscenity, and their moth- ers are laughing.

"The moon has risen. The sound of boys and girls singing in chorus and the clapping of hands tell of vil- lage sport. You turn out to the vil- lage square to see the lads and girls at play. They are dancing; but every act is awful in its shamelessness, and an old grandmother, bent and with- ered, has entered the circle to incite the boys and girls to more loathsome dancing. You go back to your tent bowed with an awful shame, to hide

19II ] WOMAN'S LIFE IN AFRICA 43

yourself. But from that village and heathen women have confest that from that other, the same choruses are there comes a time when this life of rising, and you know that, under the enforced licentiousness is absolutely clear moon, God is seeing wickedness abhorrent to them. "The life of the that can not be named, and there is ordinary woman or slave is worse than no blush in those who practise it. can be described. She may be bought Made in God's image, to be His pure and sold at pleasure, rented out here dwelling-place, they have become the and there, exchanged for a more dedens of foul devils: made to be sons sirable wife, and cast out by husband 11. llAPTISM AT M BA N ZE MANTE KE, KONGO FREE STATE Rev. Henry Richards stand s on the bank under a white umbrella of God, they have become the devotees and relatives should disease attack of fashion. " her."

Thus a little girl is being prepared Theal, who is a cautious and coolfor the life she is to live, and when headed observer, and a man who but a mere child, sometimes 110 more knows the natives intimately, says: than eight or ten years old, she is "Chastity in married life can hardly taken away to her husband. Among be said to exist among the coast tribes. many tribes the full bridal fee is never By custom, every wife of a polygapaid by a man until he is satisfied that mist has a lover, and no woman sinks the young wife will be to his liking. in the estimation of her companions If she is not, he returns her to her on this becoming publicly known."* parents and receives his money back. Again, he says:t "It is taken as a In this way girls are often passed on matter of course that a woman marfrom one man to another before being accepted as a permanent wife. Even • "Theal's History, " Vol. 3, page 292.

t Fifth volume of the same work, page 413.

ried to a polygamist, unless he be a and His love to those who have never chief of very high rank, will form a heard, I have often been greeted with connection with some other man. She the wide-eyed surprize of 'I am only does not sink in the slightest degree a woman,' as much surprized as tho in the estimation of the other women. I had told the story to one of the By so doing, the offense is punishable cattle. One day in passing a hut, .I by native law, the lover being subject was startled to hear the groans of the to a fine, and the woman to chastise- dying. Going round to the door, I ment by her husband; but in most cir- found several men and women sitting cumstances is passed unnoticed as an outside, chatting, joking, laughing. I ancient custom of the people." So inquired what the trouble was, and much for the coast tribes. What of received the reply, 'It's just a woman.' the mountain tribes?* "In the moun- By the time my eyes were accustomed tain tribes it is a common occurrence to the darkness of the room and I for a chief to secure the services and had found the woman nude and dying, adherence of a young man, by the loan and had given her a few words of of one of his inferior wives, either hope in Jesus, she had gone out into temporarily or permanently. In either the hopeless African night of 'only a case the children belong to the chief, woman.' " who is regarded by law as their father. Another revolting custom of the Christian women, what are you domountain tribes is that of polyandrous ing for your sisters in darkest Africa? marriages. A man who has not the Did not Christ die for them, just as requisite number of cattle to procure well as for you? Does He not love a wife, and whose father is too poor them just as much as He loves you? to help him, goes to a wealthy chief Do you not realize that the only thing and obtains assistance on condition of that makes your position different having joint marital rights." from hers is the fact that you have heard the story of the Christ Child? In the words of Dr. Dennis, woman Said an African woman once: "Why in Africa "is regarded as a scandal do not more come to tell us? Is it and a slave, a drudge and a disgrace, because they do not love us, or bea temptation and a terror, a blemish cause they do not love Jesus very and a burden-at once the touchstone much ?" Can the African woman say and stumbling-block of human sys- of you, as she can say, alas, of too tems, the sign and shame of the non- many of our American sisters, "This Christian world." woman is not interested in us; she cares not that to us no heaven is prom- Ellen Groenendyke, at the Nash- ised equal to what she now enjoys; ville Student Volunteer Convention, we are too far off. 0, God of Amertold the following story: "In Africa, ica, are we too far off for Thee to where I have been closely allied with care? Is there no help for us? Is work among women, their condition is Thy child a true representative of sad. In telling the story of Jesus Thee?"

• Third volume, page 292.

JERRY McAULEY MISSION-OLD AND

EDITORIAL For thirty-five years the old build- is only one thing to do~rebuild it. ing at 316 Water Street, New York, This ought to be done at any price. has been a birthplace for' twice-born J erry McAuley and S. H. Hadley can men, a haven of refuge for weary, sinsick, "down-and-out" wanderers and OLD M e AULEY MISSION human derelicts. The old mission was founded in 1872 by Jerry McAuley, 110t be brought back to continue their the converted river thief and drunk- work, but God has raised up others at ard, and was the first mission in the like spirit and power to carry it on, world established especially for out- and God has given His disciples the casts-a place, as Mr. Hadley used to means to replace the old hall with one say, "where the drunkard is more wel- which can continue to be a lighthouse come than the sober man, a thief than and a life-saving station in the dark he that is honest." For nearly forty and deadly districts of lower New years this has been a life-saving sta- York. tion. Men from all classes and nations have wandered there as a lost hope, On the night of April 9th, the cloand have received new courage and sing meeting was held in the old misstrength, and more than all, new lift sion building. As usual, the hall was from God. The old mission has be- crowded to the doors, but on this occome famous all over the world, and casion there were, perhaps, more of the names of Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Mc- the saved drunkards in proportion, Auley, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Hadley than tlsual. They had come from and Mr. and Mrs. John H. Wyburn near and far to bid farewell to the are enshrined in many hearts as the beloved birthplace before it should dearest human friends of wrecked hu- be laid away to rest, like so many manity. Those converted in the mis- workers, and a new one should take sion have become workers in many its place. The meetings in Water fields-missionaries, ministers of the Street are a glorious contrast to Gospel, philanthropic Christian bUS1- many church meetings. Here the time ness and professional men, who, in turn, have extended the Gospel and help of Jesus Christ to others, so that no one can estimate the extent of the endless chain that has stretched from Water Street to all parts of the world; Now the old building, where so many have found life and peace, ha,; proved to be itself a wreck that needs repair or renewal. Like so many of the men who have come to its doors, it has become unsanitary, unsafe, unsightly-a wreck-but unlike them, the building has become worn out in the service of God and of man. There

THE SECOND JERRY Me AU LEY BUILDING was too short for the number that verted after the age of seventy. There waited to speak and tell of their ex- was a former prosperous business perience of the power of God. Those man, the buyer for one of the famous present who had found Christ during dry goods firms of America, ruined the past twelve months were asked to through drink, saved by Christ in stand, and twenty-five rose to their "Vater Street. Another was a skilled feet. In quick succession they gave and trusted employee of the American their testimony-the story of prosper- Bank Note Company, with 100 men ity and opportunity in early life, of under his direction, who lost his pofalling and ruin through strong drink sition through intemperance, and lost and other sin-bankers, business men, his appetite for drink when he found workmen, sailors, English, Irish, Christ in Water Street. There was Americans, Germans, all saved in the Carlton Park, a man once dead in sin, same way, by the same Lord. Re- who rose again to newness of life in peatedly, the men needed to be ad- vVater Street, and has now opened a monished to speak briefly, to talk similar rescue mission in Williamsshort and to the point, until one en- burg. thusiastic convert stopt the clock. When the twenty-five had finished In every quarter of the globe, men their stories of life in Christ from one are to-day telling the story of how, in week to one year, there were more this famous old birthplace, they were eager to testify than had yet spoken. enabled to find freedom and pardon There was the old patriarch of nine- through the blood and power of Jesus ty-one years, who has been saved from Christ-freedom from the thrall of drink and sin only seventeen-con- the Drink Fiend, pardon for sins of deepest dye. The McAuley Mission

JERRY McAULEY MISSION-OLD AND NEW

unalterably stands for salvation for now constitute the wreckage of sothe poor, lost drunkard, through the ciety. Here in this mission these men uplifting power of Jesus Christ, and in meet Jesus Christ and become new no other way. Here a full and free men in Him, with new desires, new salvation is proclaimed, al1d here a power, new surroundings, new servman, bruised and mangled by drink, ice, new friends, new faith and hope the devil, and inexorable circum- and love. stances, may find helping hands, loving hearts, and a Savior that can save Is it any wonder that the converts to the very uttermost all who come to love the old building, and that the old God through Him. door-sill is to be preserved, the stone over which thousands of men have The men who come to Water Street stept from the darkness of ruin and are usually men who have long before despair into the light of God's presforfeited their rights-rights to con- ence and the experience of His power. fidence, rights to fellowship, rights to cooperation. Some by sheer folly and The work in Water Street has gone perverseness-some by the tragic on from strength to strength-and the heritage received at birth, some by end is 110t yet. Never at any previous the still more tragic education re- moment in its wonderful history has ceived in childhood years, some by a "Water Street" been able to report so deliberate pandering to a degrading large a percentage of its converts a!> passion and a vicious thirst for liquor. standing fast in the liberty wherewith Nearly all are steeped in drink and de- Christ makes men free. In the judgpravity, with all that was ever good ment of all who know anything of the in them long since subordinated to the magnitude, the importance and the lowest instincts of human nature, and crying demand of the great work car- ried on in Water Street, the time is ripe for action. Indeed, and of a truth, THE MEETING-ROOM OF THE FAMOUS MCAULEY MISSION

the work of the old Jerry McAuley work of life-saving for time and for Mission has outgrown its quarters. eternity.* The new building is to be erected John H. Wyburn, the present superon the site of the 01d-316 is too sig- intendent, is a man of different type nificant and well known to be changed from his predecessors, but there is not without good reason. It is to be a the slightest danger of the magnificent modern, well-built structure, with a traditions of Water Street suffering larger hall, a home for the mission- aught at his hands-in his love for the aries, a reading and supper room and poor drunkards, in his unwearying palodgings for those who need the daily tience with men who fall, in his uncontact with the workers to give last- swerving belief in the power of Jesus ing results. During the past years Christ to save to the very uttermost, in Mr. and Mrs. vVyburn have taken his faithfulness to his charge, Mr. many converts into their own home Wyburn is a worthy successor to the and family, but the results have repaid men who having once labored here, the sacrifice, and have shown the great through faith and patience now inneed of a dormitory in the new build- herit the promises. ing. The plans for the new building have How is this new mission to be built? been unanimously approved by the The cost will be $100,000, and they trustees. Advantage has been taken need more. One branch of a Young of the experience of the past three dec- Men's Christian Association to-day ades, while suggestions made by the will cost from $200,000 to $500,000, trustees, superintendent, and workers completed and equipped. Is $100,000 have been utilized and incorporated too much for a mission known all over in the general plans; altogether, it is the world, one where every year hun- hoped and intended that the new quardreds of men are redeemed, and be- ters of the Old Jerry McAuley Miscome respectable, useful citizens and sion will be a model for work of the Christian workers? The city or State particular character which, under could well afford to pay for the build- God, has won for it world-wide fame. ing, on account of the influence of the mission and the saving in the cost of Prominent among the increased facrime, correction and care of paupers. cilities which the new building will But the city and State will not do it. afford, is one which will enable the Christian men and women must bear superintendent to remedy a state ot the expense from the money entrusted affairs that he has long felt to be a dis- to their stewardship. Through the tinct setback to the permanent usefullegacy of the late John Huyler, the ness of the ,Work carried on in Water pledges of trustees and the gifts of Street. As the result of the friendother friends, $30,000 has already been less, homeless condition of the poor, given or pledged. There remains sin-racked fellow who comes to God $30,000 to be given. Surely, God in Water Street, it is necessary that, will speedily put it into the heart of some of His stewards to supply the * The finance committee consists of Mr. F. T. lack, and thereby perpetuate the noble Hopkins, Mr. J. Frederick Talcott, Mr. W. E. Louger, Mr. Thomas S. Clay, and Mr. Lewis H. Hyde. The secretary is J. H. Wyburn, 316 Water Street, New York, and the treasurer is R. Fulton Cutting.

ARCHITECT'S PLAN FOR THE NEW WATER STREET

for a time at least, he make his home The new mission building will occuin one of the cheap lodging-houses py the entire available plot of ground on the Bowery-neither the most de- with seating capacity, accommodasirable nor beneficial environment in tions and working areas in correthe world for a poor fellow who is sponding proportion. It will be five fighting as for his very life against stories in height, fire-proof and germthe ever-recurrent desire to return to proof throughout, with sanitary walls, his habits, which have bound him ceilings and floors. It will be fitted hitherto as with rings of steel. throughout with the very best type of open plumbing, solid earthenware fix- In the new building, vastly increased tures, forced ventilation and heating, facilities for a great development of outside breathing spaces, well lighted this helpful ministry will be afforded. and conveniently arranged rooms. The The extra provisions will supply ac- sanitary treatment of the floors, walls commodations for upward of 60 men. and ceilings will be equal to that 01 Single rooms, showers and lavatories any modern hospital service. An elecwill be placed on each floor, in addi- tric passenger elevator will run to the tion to large dining-rooms and kitchen top floor, where the main dining-room, accommodations. Other amemtles laundry and kitchen will be located, wiII be added-open porches, roof away above the noise, dust and ungarden and a conservatory and solari- healthy damp of the old swamp formum, where flowers can be raised for ing Water Street. A business office the mission sick and hospital visita- for the superinter,dent's use will be tions. Another new feature of rescue located on the mezzanine floor, over mission enterprise will be planned for the entrance, and aiso a r00111 for the iii the new building. Excepting the janitor. Above the roof electric signs various police stations and the alco- will be erected, easily discernible from holic ward in Bellevue Hospital, the passing river craft and by the there is no place existing in the whole countless thousands who cross the city of New York where a poor, East River bridges, night by night drunken fellow picked up on the street the lights will flash out their message can be taken and cared for, while at reminding many a weary storm-tost the same time be placed beyond the marine on life's troubled sea, that sphere of inimical surroundings. By down in the Old Mission in Watel all engaged in rescue work in this Street there is for him a refuge in the great world-city, this want has for time of storm. years been keenly felt. It has now a more healthy prospect of being met It is hoped that the building will and remedied. A hospital has been be completed and ready for occupancy arranged for in the new mission, in time for the next anniversary. It where cases of this sort can be at- is confidently believed that friends of tended to and looked after by volun- Christ and of the Old Jerry McAuley teers from the ranks of the converts, Mission will count it a pleasure, as and where touched and helped by lov- well as a privilege, to lend to the Lord ing hands, the poor, lost drunkard has in this rebuilding of His temple, and an opportunity afforded him of taking thus lay up treasures in heaven. heart and hope again.

PRAYER LIFE OF NATIVE CHRISTIANS *

Converts from heathenism to Chris- in answer to the prayers of native tianity have often had greater and Christians, namely, to awaken and to livelier assurance of the fact that God turn to God the blinded heathen. is the hearer of prayer than have many members of old-established We select a few especially signifi- Christian communities. As the child cant examples from the multitude of approaches the parent with a request answered prayers of Christian conand at once holds out the hand to re- verts. A negro of St. Johns had been ceive the desired gift, so the recent in attendance at the services of God's convert goes to God in the full assur- house. On his return he found that ance of faith. Is it not natural that a thief had entered his home and had the Lord should reveal His mercy in carried off all his possessions. He did a very plain and tangible manner to a not lament and complain, but in childman who only after a hard struggle like simplicity and assurance prayed: has learned to trust in Christ? There- "Dear Savior, Thou knowest that I fore the babe in Christ frequently did not leave my house to do wrong, tastes and sees that the Lord is good but to hear Thy word and to receive when the more mature man in Christ a blessing for my soul. Yet this calamfails to receive from lack of simple ity has come upon me. I pray Thee faith. The periods of the founding to restore me my possessions before and of the revival of the Church have sunrise." As he believed, so it was thus been times of miracles, and done unto him. Before the sun rose among these miracles must be counted the thief was discovered, and all his the wonderful answers to prayer. As possessions were restored. in the days of Christ and the apostles, so now in the dark places of the earth These Christians are so much like where the Christian religion is being children that they do not hesitate to planted among the heathen, the mirac- approach their God in regard to ulous answers to prayer serve the everything that concerns them. In purpose of arousing the indifferent this respect they are quite different masses from their stupor. Christian from the great majority f$. American converts from heathenism well un- Christians, who seem to imagine that derstand this. Boas, a native elder in they ought not to trouble God with India, once said: "Answers to prayer little matters. Missionary Nottmtt are not now given as frequently and recently reported the following: "Yesquickly as in the days when the Lord terday a man brought me a piece of was still unknown in this country. money (about twelve cents) as a Then He revealed His power; now thank-offering for answered prayer. His kingdom is established in this 'One of my oxen,' he said, 'fell down land." The men who witnessed the suddenly. We prayed. The Lord miracles of Jesus were astonished and blest our efforts, and the ox is well afraid. That was the purpose of the again.' " In Bethel, Bunge prayed Lord's miracles, and that is the pur- during a great drought as follows: pose of the miracles wrought to-day "Lord, Thou hast commanded in Thy word that we shall eat our bread in the sweat of our faces. We would * Condensed in free translation from the German of F. Buettner in Dcr Missions-Freund, by Louis Meyer.

like to sweat in our labor, but Thou ning to wade through the river, that doest not allow it. Send forth a rain they might rejoin the heathen. Alheit soon, that we can labor again in the was moved with sorrow, for in one of sweat of our brows." the two the Holy Spirit had been working, so that the missionary had An aged missionary helper (female) had great expectations, and now the said to Niesky one day: "Oh, that men man was turning his back to the light would not only bring all their diffi- and returning to heathen darkness. culties to the Savior, but also trust The missionary spoke to his trusted Him for every good thing, for He elder of his frustrated hopes, but never puts to shame His needy chil- David answered not, looking only dren. I have experienced that again with rapt attention after the two fugijust now. The Government had or- tives. Suddenly, in the middle of the dered that all inhabitants of the town river, the one about whose flight AIshould build chimneys, and I had to heit had complained, stopt, cried bitbuild three of them. I had neither terly and turned back. Broadly smimoney nor building material, and did ling, David exclaimed, "I knew that he not know where to get either. In this could not escape. I told him this hour of need I prayed to the Savior morning, 'The Lord is working in and said, 'Dear Savior, Thou hast pre- you, and you are trying to escape. I pared me in my mother's womb, and tell you that it is impossible for you to before I was born Thou didst foreor- wade through the river to-day. The dain that Thou wouldst be mine and Lord will not permit it.' I told him that I should be Thine eternally. Then so, and now you see how true and Thou didst bring me to Thyself, and good the Lord is." I have become acquainted with Thee. Thou hast taken me up, and my sins Here is another case from the are forgiven. I have always brought same territory. Between the Rhenish all my sorrows to Thee, and Thou hast station Stellenbosch and Cape Town, delivered me from many difficulties. an equal distance from each, an old Help me again now, for I can not ex- Hottentot woman, a poor widow, was pect help from anyone else.' The living in a small house in I 840. Misnext morning a man came, who was sionary Esselen used to hold ocunder some obligation to me, but had casional services in this house for the never made an effort to discharge it, few blacks scattered over the sand and said, 'Mother, do not worry about desert. Those days were feast days your chimneys, I shall have them for the widow. As the number of the built for you.' He kept his word, and converted blacks increased her own I have another proof that my Savior happiness increased, and she began to hears prayer and does more for me pray that the Lord would cause the than I ask." erection of a real house of God upon that very place. Esselen used to smile In the station Schietfontein, founded over such faith, for who should build by the Rhenish Brethren in Cape a church in such a desert? But the Colony, Missionary Alheit and the na- aged saint prayed on, and her prayers tive elder David were one day stand- have been answered, tho she did not ing in the garden. Both saw two live to see it. Her own house has Kafirs leaving the station and begin-

19II ] THE PRAYER LIFE OF NATIVE

been enlarged and has become the wonderful missionary zeal, which puts home of a missionary, and near by American Christians to shame. Each stands a nice church building, the one chooses a heathen comrade. For home of a congregation of more than him he prays. Him he tries to bring 200 communicants. The place is to church. With him he talks of God's called Sarepta, after the place where ·Word. And him he remembers before lived the widow who lodged Elias. the throne of grace, until he is con- verted. Then he chooses another The prayers of heathen Christians comrade. This, however, is not the are of greatest importance for the custom of the South Sea islanders spread of the gospel. With zeal and only. The heathen know that others simple faith they pray for their pray for them, and they are afraid brethren who still remain in heathen of the power of intercessory prayer. darkness. A missionary of the Basel Society re- ceived a remarkable proof of this fact. Missionary Ratcliffe once heard the A heathen woman came to him and following prayer of a Christian ne- asked him to forbid the native helper gress:. "Oh, Father in heaven, hear to pray for her. When she was my prayer and send Thy holy spirit asked how she knew that the helper upon our dear teachers that they be was praying for her she answered: of pure hearts. Make their tongues "I know it well. Once I could render like two-edged swords that they may service and sacrifice to my idols in strike the sinners on their right and peace, but now I have no peace in on their left, and lead them out of the doing it. That is the effect of his darkness of this world to Thy light prayers. Then he has told me that and to Thy knowledge, through Jesus he is praying for me and my family. Christ our Lord." Two daughters and a son of mine have become Christians. If he continues, I The French missionary Bisseux was shall probably become a Christian, thus consoled by an old African herds- too. I do not want this, therefore forman: "I can not tell you how often bid him to pray for me." and how long I have prayed while with my cattle in the fields, that God's word In the prayers of these Christians which you preach may convert the thanks to God and man are not forsouls of the heathen. I said, 'Lord, gotten. The example of an older hast Thou not sent Thy servants into pupil of a missionary school in West this distant land to proclaim to us Thy Africa may suffice. He wrote: "Oh, salvation, and hast Thou not brought Lord, open Thou our hearts that we us here that we become acquainted lift them up and thank Thee for Thy with Thy Son who died for us?' When goodness and mercy which Thou you, dear teacher, arrived, I prayed to didst manifest toward us by sending God that He would cause you to learn us the missionaries who show us the our language speedily. I said, 'Oh, way to heaven. We sat in darkness, Lord, order that we soon understand but Thou didst send Thy servants who what he shall tell us of Thy good give us the light of the gospel. We word.' And in a short time we un- thank all our friends in Europe. May derstood you fully." the Lord open our hearts that we pray A missionary tells that newly converted South Sea islanders develop a

for them that the Lord minister unto Father, to whom shall we go but to them an abundant entrance into Thee? Lord, we must come and bow heaven. Cause us to be glad and joy- our knees before Thee and pray to ful in the salvation which has come to Thee on account of Thy goodness to us. If we obey the gospel and live us all. Amen." accordingly, we shall have etemallife. But we can not do this ourselves. Wherever the Word of God brings God help us that we may understand blessing, and salvation amid the misery Thy holy Word; that we in our homes and sin of earth, there it finds a loud speak and say, Come and hear what echo. That echo, reverberating from the Lord has dorie for our souls. We earth to heaven, is the prayer of beknew not Jesus, Thy only begotten lieving hearts. Already it is a rich, Son, who came into the world to save grand chorus of many voices. But the sinners. But in Thy mercy and kind- praise of the Son of God does not yet ness Thou hast sent us Thy servants sound from all heathen and peoples to reveal Thy wonders to us. Help and tongues. Therefore, we must not us, Lord, to do Thy will and to keep cease to pray: "Revive, enlighten, Thy commandments. Christ, hear us. warm, and kindle the whole earth. Re- In Thy weird we were told that Thou veal Thyself to every nation as Savior, hearest children when they call upon Prophet, Priest, and King, until at Thee. Let our humble prayer come last the great song of jubilee shall be before Thee. Lord, our heavenly sung by an innumerable multitude of the redeemed."

TRAINING A NATIVE MINISTRY FOR INDIA BY REV. W. T. ELMORE, RAMAPATAM, lNDIA The present political condition in In' the securing and 'tra:ining ot India is emphasizing this all important men to become independent leaders branch of missionary work. The spirit there are some problems to which of unrest, a desire for independence the missionaries are giving attention. throughout India has also reached the One is that there has arisen in South- Christian community. While it often ern India a wrong impression as to the demands a readjustment of relations ultimate aim of the native worker. between missionary and Christians, He has sometimes been made an assiSTwhich calls for the exercise of the ant missionary. Naturally, this leads greatest tact, wisdom, and consecra- him to believe that it is only right tion, yet it is the new spirit of Chris- that in time he be made a full mistian responsibility for which we have sionary, with salary paid by the forhoped so long, and which, if properly eign board. With such ideals before directed, may be a great power in a young man it is very difficult to get Christian work. The great need is him to plan to become a pastor of a for a qualified ministry which can un- church. We must teach our young dertake new responsibilities, and lead men that the missionary's work is the Indian Church in an era of new but temporary, that a missionary must life. be one who is sent, and that the great

191 I TRAINING A NATIVE MINISTRY FOR INDIA

Scriptural work of Christian leaders teaching. It takes grace for a young in any land is to be pastors of man to become the pastor of a small churches. church at one-fourth the pay which The artificial call of men into the he may receive as a teacher. And yet, ministry has been a hindrance, but is with all difficulties, we, in our mission, rapidly passing away. The mission- have one preacher for about each ISO ary gathers boys into his schools, and Christi.ms.

his need is so great that he educates The training of men in our Theo- practically all of them with the idea logical Seminary has made much prog- that they will become Christian work- ress in the last generation. Thirty ers. Such work has been wonderfully years ago the men who went to the blest in the men who have been thus seminary, many of them first had tv trained, but one of the good evidences be taught to read. Now we are get- in the new life in the Church is that ting men up to the matriculation ex- fewer men are being called by the amination, and a few above. The missionaries, and more are hearing grade of teaching has, of course, kept the call in other ways. pace with the qualifications of the The lack of self-sustaining churches students, but the spiritual insight of has also worked against a strong min- many of those unlettered men of God istry. The young man comes back will always be the wonder of those from the seminary, and instead of who have worked with them.

entering independent service, often The Bible is still the basis of our becomes a helper to the missionary. teaching, and I hope this may never The value of such work in the past be changed. In fact, American semi- can scarcely be overestimated, but naries are adopting the same methods with established Christian communi- with their introduction of the study ties a change is coming, and the best of the English Bible. We teach his- of our young men are desiring to tory, homiletics, theology, public have their own work. This spirit in speaking, etc., but every student goes the young men is going to bring about through the Bible from beginning to the self-sustaining churches. A year end during his course. In a competi- ago a young man graduated from our tive examination between our gradu- Theological Seminary, the most highly ates and those of any American semi- educated man in his class. He did nary, in the Bible, its history, inter- not seek work in a mission station, pretation and teachings, I believe the altho he was in demand, but took the American students would come out pastorate of a struggling village second best.

church. The results have been most We also believe in practical train- gratifying. In less than a year that ing. Once or twice a year, students church invited and largely entertained and faculty go out for an evangelistic an associational meeting of a large tour. For about ten days students number of churches, the first instance and teachers, divided into bands, of the kind in a mission which has travel from village to village in vari- now 60,000 Christians. ous parts of the mission, "teaching Another obstacle has been the com- and preaching the Gospel of the King- petition of secular callings, especially dom." We are often surprized to see

an indifferent student get his heart physical disability, for his not being warmed up and become a most en- on evangelistic tours as much as thusiastic worker on these tours. weather will permit. As he goe~ Long, hard marches in the burning through the villages he finds bright sand, under a tropical sun, give an young men, village teachers, preach- opportunity to endure hardness as ers, and others whom he calls to go good soldiers, and we are seldom dis- with him so long as they can be spared appointed. from home. The association in such Another important feature of the work has been the making of man) training which ought to be more de- a preacher. Many a youth, after such veloped is learning how to adapt one- a tour, will say, "I have decided to self to the methods of the laud. Nat- become a preacher. Will you recom- urally, most missionaries evangelize by mend me to the seminary?" Many preaching, and" yet this is by no means a man from the seminary will get the method by which a Hindu learns a new inspiration or regain his lag- of his gods. Strolling singers recite ging zeal.

the deeds of the gods in a weird chant, One night we had at least 500 accompanied by some musical instru- people who were sitting listening to ment. I believe in adopting this meth- the singing with great interest. I od, and have used it with success. A had invHed a young man to speak, man should be trained to sing the explaining the story. He was a teach- history of salvation to the same tunes er of good ability, but uo speaker. He and the same accompaniments. I have began, doing his best, but he did not never known resentment because of please the audience, and they began to the change in the story, but have often call to him to sit down, and let some heard words of appreciation for a one else try it. I caught his eye, to "story of sense." Such a plan proper- see what he wanted to do. His eye ly used, will draw crowds as large as flashed. He rose to the occasion. He will come for a stereopticon, and they seemed a new man, and for an hour will remain for hours, becoming con- he held the people, and no one moved, tinually more interested, which is not to say nothing of calling him down.

the case with other methods. Also It was the making of a preacher.

the story sung always gives oppor- This field work is, of course, sup- tunity for preaching in the best sense plemented by Bible teaching. A mis- of the word, the explanation of the sionary should have a Bible class message. somewhere every-day. He always has Aside from the work done in train- people around him, helpers, servants, ing institutions, there is another meth- visitors, coolies, school-children. He od of training workers, which is em- moves in the midst of a shifting au- • ployed, more or less, by all mission- dience. Wherever he is, at home, or aries, and that is by the daily associa- in tent, the missionary who has a tion with the touring missionary, It regular daily time of Bible study, even is the method which Christ used, and tho the attendance shifts, will find that it will never be out of date. No field he is continually developing workers, missionary should allow his conscience many of whom will go on to complete to accept any excuse, except actual preparation and great usefulness.

WANORO-A STORY OF EAST

BY JOSEPHINE B. HOPE, KIJADI, BRITISH EAST AFRICA A native girl, with a pretty face and to whom the money would go clouded with sullen looks, came for when they were sold. medical treatment. Her little finger on the right hand had been severed at When Wanoro was about ten years the third joint, and you can imagine old the famine came on, with its ravour horror when we learned that she ages of hunger and disease, and her had been hung up by her finger until mother, as well as the other wives of her father, died. Two of her brothers A GIKUVU FAMILY IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA it had been severed by her weight. went to live with the Masai, and two Her hand was attended to and her went to another Akikuyu chief. trials were told. Wanoro and her sister were left alone -two little girls-with no one ~o Why was she treated so? Her care for them or to protect them. You birthplace is not many miles from can imagine the kind of life they were here. Her father had four wives, but compelled to live. he died while Wanoro was still too young to remember him; and his Some time after the famine her wives and their children were left to older brother came back from the care for themselves. Wanoro and her Masai and took the two girls into his sister Wambui were the only little home, for they were nearing the age children, but they had older brothers, when they might be sold. who gave them a sort of protection

Their environment during those un- Wambui had been bought by a man, protected years had shown its effect so Wanoro was left alone. upon their lives. The brother had much trouble, and he was far from This woman tortured her unbearkind and patient'with them. These ably with her tongue; and told lies people have a sense of honor and re- about her among the people in the hope spectability. This these sisters had that, because of her unenviable repulost during the period when they most tation, no one would want to buy needed protection; and t.he loss was, her. This treatment rendered Wanoro in a degree, as great as if they had sullen and defiant, and she refused to been white girls similarly situated. do any work.

One day, in a fit of hunger, Wanoro Finally, she said she wanted to come stole some meat and meal from her to Kijabe and live with us. Her brother, which she cooked and ate. brother demurred at first; but, as he When he accused her of the theft she could do nothing with her, he finally denied it; but, knowing the truth, he gave his consent. She came to talk cruelly beat her, and then, not deem- things over, but the thought of adopting that sufficient punishment, he sus- ing civilized clothing made her withpended her by the finger, where she hold her consent. As she was only hung until her frantic effort wrenched partially clothed, and that in dirty, it from her hand. greasy skins, it was impossible to per- mit her to come to live in the home In her endeavors to escape, her without the cha!1ge. She went back clothing was torn from her body, and to the village, followed by our prayers, a skin was given to her by one of her and after remaining there a few more friends so that she might decently days, one afternoon she came to us come to the mission. to stay. She was given a bath and clothes. She rolled up her native What would have become of her if skins never to use them again, and there had been no mission station near from that time she has changed both to offer an asylum? She came to us in looks and in life. She discarded all and arrangements were made to trans- her heathen ornaments and seemed to fer her to another brother who had turn from everything of her old life. manifested some interest in the things A few weeks later she gave her heart of God. He lived on mission property to God. Could you see her nowwith a woman who had been left merry, light-hearted, neat, clean, learnownerless at the time of the famine. ing to read, to write, to sew, and to She was a regular termagant, and, work about the house–you could since she hated Wanoro fiercely, the scarcely believe that a few months ago poor child found that she had stept she was in heathendom. Is it worth out of the frying-pan into the fire. while to rescue such girls?

SEED-SOWING IN

HOW THE CHIEF SECRETARY OF THE CHINESE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY BECAME A CHRISTIAN BY MISS SARAH lIf. BOSWORTH, FUCHAU, CHINA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Mission Some years ago, Hu Sie Guong, a The lack of church privileges was graduate of our Anglo-Chinese Col- a great trial to the young teacher, and lege at Fuchau was engaged to teach it was a glad day for him when a mis- English in the family of a district sionary passed through the city and magistrate in Central China, sur- called upon the magistrate. He was named Ling. Hu was an earnest surprized and delighted to meet this Christian, and of sound Christian Christian teacher in a heathen yamen, stock, his grandfather and other rel- and told him of a chapel a few miles atives being devoted ministers of· the distant where he could attend church. Church. He stipulated that he should Later, having been properly satisfied be free to worship God and to study his Bible and teach it to his students, of his church-membership in Fuchau and that he should not be required to . this missionary invited him to a com- teach on Sunday or to take part in munion service at a more distant any heathen ceremonies. When he ar- town. He traveled two nights, going rived at the yamen (official residence) and coming, sleeping on the hard floor of his employer he wore plain clothes of a boat, to attend the service. These and made no show to attract atten- experiences were developing his own tion. At the feast given in his honor, Christian character.

he declined the wine and tobacco, and One rainy Sunday he wr"te to a politely begged to be excused from former teacher, "I could not attend the social game of cards which fol- church, as it has rained hard'lll day, lowed, saying, "I am a Christian, and but I have had a good time with my we Christians do not do these things." Bible and the sermons [Moody's] yem The next day he began his work, in- gave to me, and God has been a little sisting upon regular hours and habits sanctuary to me here in my own for his pupils. So systematic and room." These were lonely days, far faithful was he that he quickly won from home, but he was brave and true, the confidence and esteem of his em- and the seed was faithfully sown, as ployer and his pupils. much by his consistent life as by his There was no church in the place, direct teaching of God's truth.

and Magistrate Ling's knowledge of Later, the magistrate's sons decided Christianity was limited to the "cases" to join the ranks of the Chinese stu- between Christians and non-Chris- dents who were just then invading tians which had come under his j uris- Japan; and having accumulated a good diction, and which had evidently not part of his earnings, Mr. Hu deter-.

been altogether creditable to the mined to accompany them. One of Christians. "He has been very glad," the sons of the magistrate had mani- wrote Mr. Hu at that time, "to learn fested a particular interest in the new the truth about Christianity from me." religion, and in Japan availed himself The pupils also became interested not only of Mr. Hu's help, but of that and willingly studied the Bible with afforded by the Y. M. C. A., and him. Christian friends, and became a Chris-

tian, tho not making any public pro- dience of students and others. Thus fession. publicly casting in his lot with the people of God. The Ling family are natives of Fuchau, tho the father holds official The influence of his example on position in another province: Return- this large number of non-Christian ing, after some years in Japan, to students who were present, as well as Fuchau, the son, Ling Diong Ming, upon his associates in the Assembly, was elected a member of the first and in the Provincial Law School, Provincial Assembly. When that where he is a teacher, can not be overbody organized for work on October estimated. Already the first vice- 14, 1909, he was made chief secretary, president is looking with much favor a position of great influence and re- upon the church, -and other men of sponsibility. Another member of the influence in politics and reform, are Assembly, sent from the southern being attracted more and more to part of the province, is a graduate of Christianity. In Japan, still further the Anglo-Chinese College, Ding Kie preparing himself for service to his Siong, a member of the Methodist country is the modest young Chris- Church, and an earnest, outspoken, tian who first tnrned Ling Diong Christian. He was elected second Ming's thoughts from the doctrines vice-president, thus two members of of Confucius to those of Christ. the Executive Committee of the Assembly are Christians. HONOR TO A CHINESE CHRISTIAN In November, during this session of Mr. Ch'eng Ching-yi, who was the Methodist Annual Conference, elected by the World Missionary Conabout fifty members of the Assembly ference in Edinburgh to be China's accepted an invitation to visit a ses- representative on the permanent comsion of the Conference. It was a no- mittee, has just been ordained in Petable gathering. Messrs. Ding and king to the pastorate of the London Ling were among the speakers and Missionary Society's church in the each laid emphasis upon China's need Chinese capital. This position has alof Christianity and exprest the belief ways hitherto been filled by missionthat she would not take her place aries from this country, including Dr. among the nations until Christian Edkins. Mr. Ch'eng Ching-yi was truth prevailed among her rulers and born thirty years ago in Peking of people. non-Christian parents, but, the whole family becoming Christian, he was Not long after this, Mr. Ling came educated at the Peking and Tientsin seeking some one to help him in Bible schools of the London Mission, and study and preparing for baptism. His afterward for two years in Glasgow. association with men like -Hu and He assisted Rev. George Owen in re- Ding, and the instruction and help vising the Mandarin version of the received in Japan had led him to this Chinese Bible, For the last two years decision, and on March 6, 19IO, he he has been carrying on evangelistic was baptized and received into the work in his native city. Church of Christ, before a large au-

SCENES IN CHINA*

BY WADE D. BOSTICK AND ABBIE T. BOSTICK, PO-CHEO, AN-HUEI, CHINA.

The hearts of the Chinese people Two days ago, at a neighboring are fainting in them. They are obliged temple, where some refugees had to sell all that is in the house, and lodged for the night, there was a scene then even pull down the house and that should move the world. A family sell the wood for fuel. Still not hav- of five-father, mother and three ing anything to eat, they sell one ar- children-were found, where the particle of clothing after another, until ents had first taken a cord and they are all but naked, even in cold choked the children to death, and then weather. had hanged themselves. Those parents knew what they were doing, and it These are the conditions we find in was an act of love; for if you could this famine-stricken district to-day. see the poor, helpless, little ones, on the streets, knowing nothing of any I have employed 200 men to do hard one to care for them, it is likely that work at 3 cents a day and not being you would think it more merciful to able to use more (because the money first free them out of their present was not to be had), I have had to condition. turn away thousands who wanted employment at the same price. Some- Many people are eating much times, when I go to where they are at poorer food than is given to cattle in work, I am surprized at th~ ghostly America or England. Many of the appearance of some of them. A few things now used for food at other mornings ago my heart was sick, when times were even here used formerly I went out to them and noticed that for cattle, horses or hogs, or even as one was so weak that he could hardly fertilizer. One of our church-memwalk, and yet he was carrying his end bers, a man that has been in pretty of the pole on which was strung the good circumstances in other years, is basket of dirt. I told him to stop now eating the residue from the sework and come and sit down, and same-seed, a{ter the oil has been made when I asked him what was the mat- from it, and so are all his children, inter, he tried to say that he was hungry. cluding a new baby that has just come I found that he was already in such into the family. This refuse is ordia condition his tongue and his lips narily used as a fertilizer, and is little were well-nigh past use, and he spoke more like human food than the cottonin that indistinct way that indicates seed hull when it is taken from the the last throes of death. This man and cotton-seed oil-mill. two or three others had to divide that 3 cents, and thus he was starving. Yet There are 300,000 foodless in this this pittance of 3 cents a day was life country, and I, as a representative of to him, and he dared not stop work the Famine Relief Committee, can not thinking that that was the only way recognize any individual and show even to get that little. I at once sent them favors that are not given to all. a man to help him home and have for This is harder in China, as it is the these days given him his daily allow- custom of the people to expect favors ance, and to my happy surprize he from those who are more noble m seems to be recovering. family ties 0r in acquaintance. It * Dated February 22, 1911. Conditions have now improved.

would be a real stumbling-block to the days of rough, snowy, rainy weather, cause to give more help to the church- and of course this has made the days members than to others, and thus give much harder for the poor, starving ground for feeling that there are ma- people. One woman told me that as terial advantages to be had from being they failed to get any cooked food connected with the Church. during that time, they ate a handful of bran to keep warm. Large, welI- Everyone at home can do a little built men are beginning to look like to help this situation by sending some- skeletons, and some have succumbed thing to give to those who need and to the ravages of hunger, and have who are as near death's door as they fallen down in the street, and breathed can be not to pass into it. their last, with no one but the public officers to see that they are moved There are 3,000,000 people on the away. We hear daily of such deaths, point of starvation. It is estimated and as we see the sallow faces of the that $100,000 at the lowest computa- multitudes, we can but feel the numtion, is still required to feed these ber of deaths will be much increased people until the harvest. Their in a few weeks, if speedy help is not troubles will be by no means over then, given. for houses, furniture, farm implements, cattle, clothes, everything has The appropriation sent us by the been sold to buy food, and the gather- Shanghai Committee has been exhausting in of the crops, to say nothing of ed, and the ones who received the the getting together again of the first help are wholly without anything homes, will be a serious business. The at all, and even the ones who received pneumonic plague in Manchuria and the latest help can not have much of northern China has now come to it by this time. How eagerly we await within a few days' joining of the a telegram saying there is another apfamine district. Should it once touch propriation, and for us to proceed to these famine-stricken people the death- give it out. Every day's delay means rate will be too awful for words. the death of many.

One mother, a widow with four We offered to buy bricks from any children dependent on her, told me, who bring them to-day, and it sounds with tears streaming down her face, like a Babel outside the door. Before how she had tried to throwaway the sunrise they were here with them, old skeleton-like little baby she carried in men, old women, little children, midher arms, but she said the child always dle-aged and all, and some have been found its way back to her, and she so enthusiastic in finding them, that added, "It is not easy to give one's there have been several complaints own child away." She said she felt from the neighbors that their walls are sometimes she would just have to being torn down to fill the baskets of drink poison, and put an end to her those who are bringing them to us. miserable existence, and one of the others asked her what would become Farmers are selling their utensils, of her children if she did that, and and the big, fine trees are being cut she said, with despair in every feature, down for fuel, to buy a little rice, the "Don't ask me." cattle are nearly all sold and killed, so that it will take a long time to recover. Ve have just had more than twenty

A CHINESE VIEW OF CHINA'S NEED *

BY CHENG TING T. WANG Archdeacon Maule maintains in his ually but steadily raised the savage letter that China's greatest need is man to the dignity of civilization? Christianity, the dynamic teachings of Vhat humane act could we ascribe to Jesus, yea, the knowledge of God and the civilized man without referring to love and of sin and forgiveness this great underlying principle of selfthrough Christ. I readily agree with protection? It is a principle more or his view that that is her greatest need, less understood and followed by all because it touches at the heart of her the nations of the world, but it is most life as a nation. This is my own con- conspicuously present in us. Upon viction also. I come to this convic- this corner-stone is built the whole tion not because I was born in a system of the Confucian ethics and Christian family and baptized while' morals, out of which come the muchan infant, but because after careful praised qualities and characteristics of study of the teachings of Jesus I find our people's politeness, filial devotion, there is something in them which I do contentment, lack of ostentation, revnot find in those of our own sages. erence, and intense love for peace. This something, it seems to me, lies in the difference of attitude toward Such qualities merit praise, but the life between Confucius, our representative sage, and Jesus. principle which produces them is ipso facto narrowed down to the realm of Hitherto China has been one of the best-praised and worst-abused coun- the negative good. So much emphasis tries of the world. At times she is is laid upon not doing that "the moral extolled to the skies as if the "Celes- man" practically does nothing else but tial Empire" were indeed the blest refrain himself from doing evil. Just abode of the holy angels. At other as we are highly commended for postimes she is denounced in a language sessing such enviable qualities, so are which unmistakably depicts her peo- we severely censured for the lack of ple as the very inhabitants of Dante's others, which are the fruit of the inferno. But whether extolled or de- greater doctrine of the positive good. nounced she has kept, until recently, The brutal custom of foot-binding, a serene and, to the Western people in which has crippled billions of our wogeneral, a surprizing silence. In this men, stunted our people, and retarded very silence, however, we shall find the our progress, has been in vogue for reason both for her exaltation and the past eight centuries, to say the her abuse. least. When did we find an organized force to suppress this evil until within From time immemorial there has the last two decades, when a greater been present in our people a belief doctrine-the Christian doctrine of based upon a philosophical conception the positive good-began to make itthat right shall ultimately prevail. So self felt? Opium was forced into our conspicuous is this belief in us that it country at the point of the bayonet, has led Sir Robert Hart, one of those but it was clearly recognized as a most who understands us well, to remark: baneful drug. Yet where was the "They [meaning the Chinese] believe concentrated action of the people to in right so firmly that they scorn to battle against it, except again in the last think that it requires to be supported two decades, when that same doctrine or enforced by might." Now, the asserted itself? What has been our philosophical conception behind this share in mitigating the sufferings of belief is that a man would ultimately humanity: to preach good tidings to not do to another what he would not the poor, to proclaim release to the have another do to him. Is that not captives, to recover sight to the blind, the grand principle that has grad- and to set at liberty them that are bruised? We regret to admit that we * Being a reply to Archdeacon A. E. Moule's letter addrest to the scholars of China~ and printed in The East and The West.

have only a small share in this en- of the new, the gigantic number of nobling work. Bitter as the pill is, students now studying abroad, the we have to swallow it in making this wonderful innovation of a constitu- confession. But why have we only a tional government, the ambitious pro- small share? Because we as a people gram of remodeling the army and the have not learned that mightier and navy, and what not. Such stupendous nobler doctrine of the positive good, changes are real marvels, especially the doctrine of doing to others what when undertaken by a people hitherto we would have others do to us. Here- scornfully characterized by Western in we find the fundamental'difference nations as "sluggish," "degenerated,"

between the Oriental civilization and "lacking in initiative," and by scores the Occidental civilization, or between of other epithets equally vituperative!

the Confucian ciVilization and the These changes, however, need not ex- Christian civilization. The former cite our wonder, for a new spirit has rests satisfied if the self is subdued set to work and a greater doctrine has from doing evil, but the latter will not come to be applied. Whereas in the feel satisfied until that self has been past centuries the supreme motive of so subdued that it may be directed to the Chinese was for self, which in the do some positive good. best sense of the word was for ac- Christianity is and will be, there- quiring individual welfare through fore, the greatest force for good in industry, right living and frugality, to- China, just as it has been for other day the uppermost thought of the na- nations of the world. Give the Chi- tion is the welfare of all through the nese the Christian doctrine of the service and sacrifice of the individuals.

positive good and you will pull the Thousands and thousands may be trigger by which is sent forth the found to-day who are laboring in- abundant mental and physical energy cessantly and sacrificing unsparingly for labor, no longer for the perfection for the public weal. Altho the native of the self alone, but for the uplifting Christians are yet few in number of others as well. Imbue him with when compared with the prodigious the Christian spirit of service and he number of the population, yet their shall have his strength renewed; he influence is clearly felt. More than shall mount up with wings as eagles; that, there is a larger number of men he shall run, and not be weary; and he who have caught the Christian spirit shall walk and not faint. Inspire him of service and sacrifice without openly with the Christian principle of love, professing themselves as the followers and he shall not overcome evil with of Christ.

justice, but shall overcome evil with The Christian spirit of service good; he shall recognize men of all knows neither weariness nor discour- nations as his brothers; and he shall agement. Need I look back to the enter the sweet communion with God early centuries of the Christian era to as his Father. Are what I have said find examples for my illustration? In- above mere by-products of a sophist, deed not. What better example can a fanciful ecstasy of a day dreamer, we find than Dr. Robert Morrison, the or the cherished hopes of a Utopian? first missionary to China? From the Nay, my friends. They are facts as I time he touched the shores of Canton observe them with my own eyes. to his death twenty-seven years later There are movements set on foot in he labored without ceasing and over- China to-day which cause the West- came difficulties which required her- ern nations to sit up and take notice: culean strength. N or are instances the marvelous crusade against opium, lacking among the native converts.

the energetic suppression of foot- What shall we say of men like Pastor binding, the unequivocal abolishment Hsi Sheng Mo, of Shansi, or of Dr.

of the time-honored educational sys- Y. S. Li, of Soochow, or of the noted tem and in its place the introduction Dr. Yung Wing, the first Chinese who

A CHINESE VIEW OF CHINA'S NEED

ever graduated from Yale? Time fails intolerable to have a British Church me to recount their unremitting labors. upon the soil of China whose mem- They toiled in season and out of sea- bers are not British but Chinese. son, in health and in sickness, because through a knowledge of that greater Some people may think the name principle they had a purpose in life, to be a matter of small importance and a goal to reach, and a battle to fight that so long as the spirit is right we for and win. can afford to leave the name alone. This is not so. Confucius said, "If The greatest beauty of Christianity, names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. however, lies in the brotherhood of If language be not in accordance with men and the fatherhood of God the truth of things, affairs can not be through the principle of love. It is the carried on to success." The good one platform broad enough for all na- missionaries sent out by the Church tions of the whole world to stand upon Missionary Society are anxious to as brothers. Unum in Christo is the bring to us the teachings and spirit of center toward which all the races of mankind are drawn and around which Jesus Christ. Their mission is to the followers of the Peerless Leader teach us about the great truth enunrevolve in ever-increasing numbers in ciated by that great Teacher, and to these nineteen centuries. baptize us in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Such in brief is my conception of Ghost. They are not to make "Britthe Christian religion. I speak from ish" Christians out of us. Then why the bottom of my heart when I say should the Church be called British if that China needs Christ. Therefore it is meant and intended to be Chithere is sound reason for me to agree with the venerable Archdeacon on this nese? point. But I fear very much that he Moreover, many of the thinking is not aware that it is some of the methods by which Christianity is pre- Chinese believe that the British sented which we do not accept. Church in China is British in practise as well as in name, if not in spirit and In the introductory paragraph I re- intention. Otherwise we would ask marked that my father has been a why should the policy of the Church minister of over thirty years' standing in the "Church of Great Britain" of in China be decided by a Board in Ningpo. I have italicized the title of London? A young graduate from the church because it seems extremely Oxford or Cambridge is often apstrange to have a British Church in pointed to a position of authority in China, the members of which are al- China. There he is to direct the most all Chinese. It is not quite rea- "Mission" in which several of the nasonable that there should be such a tive preachers may have begun their thing as a "British" Church, an careers as ministers of God when the "American" Church, or of any other recently appointed graduate was, not nationality. We believe in the same infrequently, yet unborn. The questeachings. There is one body, and one tion is, What are the qualifications for spirit, even as we are called in one a person to be the director of a mishope of our calling; one Lord, one sion? There are Chinese preachers faith, one baptism; one God and to-day who know the Bible better than Father of all, who is above all, and many of the missionaries and who c~n through all, and in us all. The Church is the Church Universal. Such preach sermons far more intelligible w adjectives as British, American, and others merely designate the lands the congregation, yet they are ever to which God has given them for their be under a "British" supervisor. habitation, and are used for con- Again we ask. why? venience sake. But it is altogether Some would perhaps readily answer that as the mission is financed by an organization which is British it should be directed by the Brit-

ish. But the mission is not sent the farmer, the artizan, and the mer- out to China to uphold the honor or chant,but he is also the backbone and glory of Britain, but that of the brain, yea, the very soul of the nation.

crucified Christ. The banner to be It is in his guiding hand that the coun- carried before the men commissioned try has outlived all the important by the mission is the cross and not the ancient nations and is now being re- Union Jack. The object of the mis- juvenated and becoming once more sion is to plant and nurture, with the one of the most vigorous young na- guidance of God, a strong "Chinese" tions of the world. The Archdeacon Church. Therefore, it is only clear himself concludes that this is one of that missionaries, from whatever na- the two reasons to account for the tionality they hail, should foster the solidarity of the Chinese people. In idea of self-propagation of the teach- order, therefore, to evangelize China ings of Jesus by training the native it is clear that the first step will be to converts for leadership. If ever China evangelize the students.

is to be evangelized it must be evan- But we will readilv admit that if gelized by the Chinese themselves. there is a class of peO'ple that is hard This is not a mere assertion on ac- to tackle, it is students. Their in- count of racial pride, but is an estab- tellectual power, their social prom- lished fact based upon experience. inence, and, very often, their material Nowhere in the record of the whole abundance, all work against them in history of the Christian Church do their coming into contact with Chris- we find a nation that has not been ul- tian influence. In order to reach the timately evangelized by its own people. students we must meet them on their Many missionaries have long ago ex- own ground. In other words, in the prest their desire to see the Chinese evangelization of the students we must take the leadership. Their favorite re- use students, and in order to evan- mark is, "They-meaning the Chinese gelize non-Christian students, we, of -must increase, and we-meaning course, must have strong Christian themselves-must decrease." This, I students to work among them and to believe, is the good intention of the reach them for Christ. Therefore, the majority of the missionaries, altho question that seems to me of most im- quite a few of them seldom show in portance to-day in the evangelization their action what they profess to the of China is the securing of the services pUblic. of the Christian native young men, I love China. She needs Christ and and to set them to work for their fel- to be evangelized. We should, there- low young men.

fore, plan and follow the best and To accomplish such there are two quickest way to Christianize her, so definite things to be done, and they far as human knowledge is able. It must be done speedily. First, we is our duty to propose and leave Him should as quickly as possible train na- in His infinite wisdom to dispose. tive workers to the highest possible The remark made by Bismarck that efficiency; and secondly, we should one-third of the students of Germany give them definite and proper respon- rule that Empire is significant when sibility when they are qualified.

it is applied to China, for in no coun- With regard to responsibility, I try in the world does the student have touch upon the keynote of the mis- so great an influence over the populace sionary problem. Hitherto in China, as he has in China. The venerable as it has been in all newly opened Archdeacon is more than right in his fields, the native ministry has been effort to reach the students of China conspicuous only in the absence of by addressing himself to them on well-trained and educated men. This things concerning the Kingdom of is partly due to lack of time and fa- God. The Chinese student is not only cilities for the development of the na- the head of the nation, crowning over tive ministry, but greatly due to the

unwillingness of the missionaries, with there were over 15,000 Chines(l stua few notable exceptions to be sure, dents in Japan, but among so large a to give responsible positions to the na- number of students we found at the tive workers on the ground that they beginning of the Christian work carare not fit for such responsibility. ried on by the Young Men's Christian But why are they unfit? Is it by rea- Association there were only six son of their being Chinese, or due Christians, including the two secresimply to lack of the necessary train- taries sent out there. Yet this is about ing? It is inconceivable for the mis- a fair proportion of the number of sionaries to assume that the Chinese, non-Christian students to that of the because they are Chinese, are unfit for Christian in China to-day. Could we responsible positions, altho not a few expect, then, such a handful of Chrisof them entertain such an idea if they tian students to evangelize the tredo not actually take that attitude. To mendously large body of non-Christhese I say with all sincerity and with- tian students, or the two hurl4red out mincing my word,: Let l'S alone. thousand Christians all told to Chris- The Lord will provide for us some tianize the gigantic number of four other way for our salvation. hundred millions? I consider this as the time of all times for all lovers of Let me repeat the two points I the Kingdom of God to make a forhave made above, namely, to train ward movement in China in the name of Jesus. We assuredly realize, theresome promising native youths as fore, the necessity of your help now. thoroughly as possible and to give With sincere and hearty cooperation them appropriate responsible positions as our watchword let us join hand in after they are trained for them. These hand to advance God's kingdom in the are the two necessary steps for the land of Sinim, and remembering the effective evangelization of China. words of Zachariah: "Not by might Meanwhile, it is fair for us Chinese nor by power, but by My spirit, saith to realize that the Master's work calls the Lord of hosts," let us arise to the for whole-hearted and consecrated occasion in the power of the living services, and that we should justify God. our holding responsible positions only by showing ourselves capable and THE RESULTS OF CHRISTIANTY efficient. No greater harm could befall the Church than to have inefficient The Chinese have seen the efficiency men hold places of high responsibility. of mission schools, mission hospitals. and missionary physicians, and they In thus advocating the training of, have served as models for the Chinese and the assigning of responsibility to, to build their schools, hospitals, and the native worker, do noL misunder- the basis of their practise of medicine. stand me as to say that we do not need Government officials have even come any more missionaries. If there is a and actually measured desks, seats, time when we need them most it is and other equipment of missionary now. The country has its doors wide schools, to be used in establishing govopen as it never did before. We are ernment schools. Missionary work is sitting at the feet of Christian nations touching the Chinese national life in for instruction. Out of the stupen- vital points, and is providing the imdous population of 400,000,000 we petus to the present moral awakening. have, accorc.ing to the latest figures known, less than 200,000 Church communicants all told. At one time

MOSLEM MENACE*

BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS Mohammed is the Atlas who bears honestly look forward to the day when up Turkey on his shoulders. Remove real religious tolerance will be the rule the prophet and the nation falls to throughout their complex land.

smithereens. Without Islam, the Ot- That day is coming. The leavening taman empire could not last for six schools of the missionaries insure it.

months. Calling on the Minister of Educated Moslems, with rare excep- vVar in Constantinople, I heard the tions, are not fanatical. The blind cry of the mullah, weird and reecho- intolerance of Islam will be destroyed ing, as he stood in the center of the gradually by the now swift progress building and reminded the men at the of education-and possibly, also, by a head of the army that they are serv- severe disciplining at the hands of ants of the prophet. A few days later Christendom. It is by no means im- I was sitting in the home of the Min- probable that the solidarity of ortho- ister of Foreign Affairs, chatting dox Moslem hatred for Christians will about the possibility of a Pan-Islamic give way only after the followers of movement, when the same call to the prophet have been taught their les- prayer came so loudly outside the son by the only argument to which window as to interrupt the conversa- they have ever listened. I look for tion. armed conflict again as in centuries On my way from the selamlik, the gone between sections of the Moslem weekly function wherein the Sultan world and Christendom-probably in goes to public prayer, I photographed north Africa or in Arabia, where the a warship between the minarets of a ignorant fanaticism of pristine Islam mosque. I bought a photograph of still prevails.

the leading officers of the army, and in The Senussi Movement their midst was the mullah, or imam, the Moslem ecclesiastic. All of which The very genius of Mohammedan- is a parable of the state of Turkey. ism is conquest by the sword; and that Religion rules here-and it is still it is still true to type in its attitude the religion of the sword. Many pro- toward Christians may be shown by test otherwise, and I know that the many instances. Only a few days ago, Young Turk officials intend otherwise. on the occasion of the departure of the They themselves are lax Moslems, Egyptian sacred carpet for Mecca, the forced nevertheless to appear ortho- Alexandria mobs severely mishandled dox. They really are freemasons, for European spectators, and that without the Young Turk movement was pri- the slightest provocation.

marily masonic, and one can not be at This, remember, was in the Europe- the same time a mason and a true anized, modern, British-ruled city of Moslem. But they must make many Alexandria. And Moslem newspapers concessions to the fanatical party, defended the act. Assaults on Chris- whom they fear, even tho at the same tians along the edge of the desert are time they regard them with contempt. so common as scarcelv to elicit notice.

There are those who say that be- "You can make a phalanxed argu- cause the Young Turks are non-relig- ment'" said an old American resident ious men using, for their own ends, of the empire to me, "that the unrest the religious fanaticism of the king- in Turkey will not end as long as Mos- dom, they are really more dangerous lems rule over Christians."

to civilization than genuine fanatics. More ominous, tho doubtless des- This is not the case; the enlightened tined in the end to prove futile, is the and tolerant leaders are merely paying Senussi Movement, which centers in what they believe to be necessary trib- the oasis of Jarabub, about a hundred ute to religious prejudices, in the ex- miles west of the great oasis of Siwah, igencies of practical politics, in order out of which it is boasted that no to preserve their own existence. They European traveler has returned alive * Condensed from The Continent. for many years past. In this place Nevertheless, the dream of the there has been in course of colIection Senussi, and of all the militant Pan- for a long while a great store of mod- Islamists, is in vain. They may, and ern munitions of war, purchased in probably will, make trouble for France Germany, and run in from the small in North Africa, or for Britain in Egypt. The collection of arms at Jaports of the Mediterranean on the rabub may seem all-potent to the north aboard smugglers' boats. Paris poorly armed tribes of the desert, but it has never entered their wild heads and Berlin and London and Washing- that in order to make war against Christendom they would have to poston are fully informed of this fact. sess a navy powerful beyond even the It is known whence the weapons come, ambition of any European government. their approximate number and charac- Moreover, there is no actual soliter, and their purpose. This purpose darity in Islam. The caliphate of the is nothing less sensational than that Sultan of Turkey has been the one exterminating way with Christendom, cohesive strength in Islam, as well as of which the Moslem who has not the mainspring of Turkish power. been tinged with modern learning But that caliphate, which leads Mosdreams always in his moments of lems of many nations to speak of "my highest ecstasy. sultan," is every month becoming more and more an empty shadow. The Senussi Movement, which takes its name from its founder, an Alge- There will doubtless be many seririan dervish, is no new thing. Zealots ous local outbreaks of the Moslems have been organizing beneath its ban- against Christians, and along this line ner for at least a generation. It has will probably come the break-up of the patiently waited and worked through Ottoman empire; but the day has all these years for its opportunity. Far passed when Turkey could gather to and wide throughout the Moslem herself the legions of the prophet for world it has reached, and those who a revival of the struggle of the Crusaregard it as 'a mere aggregation of der centuries. The spirit of the Young desert fanatics are far astray. There Turk leaders and the presence of is documentary evidence that the Christians and Jews in the reorganized father of the present khedive of Egypt Turkish army under the new regime addrest letters to Senussi such as, in renders this impossible. As one cabthe old days, the king of Spain would inet minister said to me: "If I should send to the pope of Rome. They were get up in the senate and advocate Panthe letters of a follower to a leader. Islamism, they would probably lock me up in an insane asylum." Because the Senussi Movement is a secret society, nobody on the outside may trace its ramifications. An American consul said to me, "The friendship of the Senussi is the best Adana the Movement of Fanaticism thing you can take with you on a trip Mark well, however, that the mood into the interior of north Africa." It of the average Moslem toward the reaches also to the big cities. Christians has scarcely changed at all.

A Cairo editor, a few years ago, The new era has in many respects and began to publish in all innocence a instances enhanced the old bitter- series of articles on this remarkable nesses. Consider the Adana massa- secret society, some facts about which cres of two years ago. All sorts of he had unexpectedly come across. explanations of this horrible, unspeak- From all sides he received warnings able, incredible reversion to barbarism to stop. Three leading government have been made-including one among officials, friends of his, casually sug- Western friends of Abdul Hamid that gested to him that he would better the poor, opprest Turks were merely drop the subject. Subsequently, he defending themselves against the high- learned that all three men were mem- handed and dangerous Armenians.

bers of the Senussi Movement. That is bosh. There was indeed some

foolish and high-sounding talk of pa- tity of the murderers is known in Adana, yet nobody has ever been puntriotism among the Armenians and ished and no indemnity has been paid. It is said that the Washington Govconsiderable buying of weapons, but ernment is holding the case open as a means of bringing pressure to bear in nothing that would justify even severe behalf of certain commercial conces- sions that are being sought. One is police measures. reluctant to believe this. Certainly the The evidence is abundant that the laxity of Washington in this case makes more perilous the position of actual motives of the massacre were every American in the Turkish empire three: Moslem hatred of Christians, to-day. Turkish lust and Turkish love of loot and cruelty. The occasion was Abdul Progress of Modern Ideas Hamid's attempt to overthrow the constitutional government by bringing Will there be any more massacres? down on it the vengeance of the pow- That is a question I have been asking ers. A complication of the case was up and down the empire, from the the apparent acquiescence of the Sublime Porte to village elders. From Young Turk government in the second Christians the answer generally is massacre, which followed nine days "Yes," "Probably," "Nobody knows what a day may bring forth." But the after the first. officials are unanimous and forceful in . Notwithstanding this I found all the declaring that a general massacre, such as was always the possibility in Abdul Christian leaders in Adana-Protest- Hamid's reign-whom they freely ant, Greek, Armenian and Syriac-a curse-is now eliminated from among unit in ascribing responsibility for the the possibilities. second and worse massacre direct to the Young Turks themselves, whose Everybody at least concedes that if soldiers, they declare, shared in the another carnival of blood bursts forth, slaying of the Christians whom they it will be local and quickly supprest had just disarmed. The evidence they by the strong hand of the new army. present I can not explain away; and No more will massacres be part of yet I find it impossible to accept their Constantinople policy, tho they may be judgment. A new government, on a direful adjunct of the impending trial before the world, and of known struggle between crescent and cross. tolerant views, would not take such chances, even had it been murderously Modern usages are breaking down disposed toward any portion of its strict Moslem practises, and that sUbjects. Only a blood-steeped ruler means to break fanaticism. The busilike Abdul Hamid, in desperate straits, ness man of to-day has no time for the five daily prayers, tho the desert would dare such an expedient. rover may. So far as I have been able The constitutional government, won·· to observe, a very small proportion of city Moslems, outside of ecclesiastics der of wonders, did hang fifty-six and pilgrims, either make the prayers Moslem Turks, and it behaved with or keep the fasts. I have seen them scant consideration toward the ec- eat ham and drink wine. Their wives clesiastics of Islam. True, the persons are interested in the new fashionspunished were inadequate in number which is a foretoken of the end of and inconsequential in character, but polygamy. Only the very richest Mosthey were Turks; and to see Moslem lem could afford to keep more than Turks hanging at ropes' ends is a sight one wife in the foreign style of the to disturb the equanimity of the most day. The fashion magazine and the fanatical Moslem. daily newspaper are elbowing books of Moslem tradition off the shelf. The missionaries were just and At present the leadership of the Mofearless in meaSures of peace, defense and relief. It was while trying to extinguish a fire that Rogers and Maurer were shot. I have seen the spot where they fell, and the house whence came the too-well-aimed bullets. The iden·

19II ] THE MOSLEM MENACE

hammedan people is with the mullah, tional form of government is in full the imam, the hadji-all ecclesiastics versed only in the lore of the Koran. accord with the Moslem law, to which A generation hence it will be with the absolutism is contrary. college-bred man. There is no organ- ized reactionary party in Turkey, as "The law required that the caliph there is a royalist party in France; and the chances of its coming into be- should call on the people for advice. ing grow fewer with the decline of the mullah's power. Under the recent reign of terror"- everybody makes a scapegoat of the Interviewing the Mohammedan Pope exiled Sultan-"this had been set aside, but the effort of Islam had been Officially, through the ecclesiastical to restore it. The idea of a parliament head of the faith, the Sheik-ul-Islam, is essentially a return to the old ways." I have been assured that the old days of strife between Christians and Mos- "Are the sentiments of fraternity lems are over. I fear he was only and tolerance between Moslems and speaking officially; and that privately Christians, of which the world has he would share the sentiments toward heard so much, being realized in pracme, an "infidel dog," which I saw tise ?" written on the faces of the "hadjis" who filled his outer offices. The Sheik- "Assuredly," was the terse reply. ul-Islam is the voice of the followers "And both are now sincerely on an of the prophet, the interpreter of the equality in the empire?" holy law, the final court of appeal in the Moslem world. "They certainly are, in a political sense" (of course, he would not admit Rather stout, with a strong face, his that Christianity is equal to Islam). black beard sprinkled with gray, and "Every office in the Government, even his deep-set eyes closed while he spoke that of Grand Vizier, is open to folon the law (altho there was an almost lowers of any religion. Two members imperceptible twinkle in them as he of the present cabinet are non-Mosdwelt with elaborate Oriental polite- lems, and either might be appointed ness on the very great honor I had Grand Vizier at any time; and Mosdone him in calling), the Sheik-ul- lems would not object." Islam looks like a scholar. Even he has been touched by the fashions of "May I assure Americans that the the "Franks"; for while he wore the old spirit of religious strife has disapred tarboosh, with an unusually long peared from Turkey?" white cloth wound around it into a turban, and the outer robe of black "Yes; it has gone utterly. There is reaching to his ankles, his shirt seemed a steadily growing feeling of tolerance to be the coat of a pair of striped pink among the people. Wherever you go pajamas, and his trousers were Euro- in Turkey you will find the spirit of pean, tho baggier than is fashionable 'Liberty, equality, fraternity' on the in the West. increase. A welcome awaits you from Moslems everywhere, and I am glad He is a canny man, too well posted you are going to see conditions to go in for unsuccessful reaction. His throughout the country for yourself?" type is not unlike that of the successful ecclesiastical politician at home, All of which is official, and meant keen to find support for the popular for pUblication; but it does not at all cause in the teachings of his church. square with my own subsequent ex- periences and observations. And I "The Koran, and the early teachers strongly suspect that his excellency of Islam," he said, in a slow, deep knows better. But he also knows that voice, "provided for government by a the political fortunes of Islam and the councilor conference, like our parlia- fate of the Ottoman empire are inex- tricably interwoven; and he must put ment; which shows that a constitu- the best face possible on a difficult situation. His job is no easy one, for it means the reconciling before the world of the middle ages and the twentieth century.

YEARS OF FREEDOM*

THE PROGRESS OF AMERICAN NEGROES SINCE THE CIVIL WAR BY W. E. BURGHARDT DUBOIS, PH.D.

In 1859 there were 4,500,000 per- only twenty negroes had received a sons of negro descent in the United college training. States, and of these 4,000,000 were slaves. These slaves could be bought Everywhere, save in parts of New and sold, could move from place to England and partially in New York, place only by permission, were forbid- he was entirely disenfranchised and den to learn to read and write, and largely without civil rights. The Fuglegally could neither hold property nor itive Slave Act of r850 was proving a marry. Ninety-five per cent. of them bonanza for kidnappers, and in 1857 were totally illiterate, and only one the Supreme Court had declared that adult in six was a nominal Christian. the negroes were not citizens, and that they had always been considered as The proportion of slaves among having "no rights which a white man negroes fifty years ago was steadily was bound to respect." increasing, and the South was passing laws to enslave free negros. The haIf- And Now million free blacks were about equally divided between North and South. Such was the situation in 1859. Those in the South were a wretched. Fifty years later, in 1909, the 4,500,- broken-spirited lot, slaves in all but 000 negro Americans have increased name. 126 per cent, to 10,000,000. Legal slavery has been abolished, leaving The 225,000 negroes in the North but vestiges in debt peonage and the were the leaven of the whole black convict-lease system. The freedmen lump, and were making a desperate and their sons have struggle for survival. They aided in the inti-slavery movement, had a few I. Earned a living as free laborers. newspapers, and produced leaders like 2. Shared in the responsibilities of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tub- government. man. They planned and carrid 3. Developed a vast internal organthrough a systematic migration to ization of their race. Canada, where several prosperous set- 4. Aspired to spiritual self-exprestlements sprang up. They supported sion. schools in many cities, founded the The negro was freed and turnecl catering business in Philadelphia, loose as a penniless, landless, naked and repeatedly held conventions a?- ignorant laborer. Ninety-nine per pealing for justice. cent. of the race were field hands and servants of the lowest class. To-day For the most part their appeals fell fifty per cent. are farm laborers and on dead ears, altho Garrison, Sumner, servants; more than half of these are Phillips, Harriet Beecher Stowe, awl working as efficient modern workmen John Brown came to their aid. The under a wage contract. battle in 1859 was, despite all effort, Above these have risen 750,000 going sorely against the black man. farmers, 70,000 teamsters, 55,000 rail- He was harried by mob in Boston, way hands, 36,000 miners, 33;000 New York, Philadelphia, and Cincin- sawmill employees, 28,000 porters. nati. He was forced to live in the 2 I ,000 teachers, 2 I ,000 carpenters, worst slums and alleys. He was either 20,000 barbers, 20,000 nurses, 15,ooJ excluded entirely from the public clergymen, 14,000 masons, 24,00J schools, or was furnished with cheap dressmakers and seamstresses, 10,000 and poor substitutes. In 300 years engineers and firemen, ro,ooo black- * Profes.';or DuBois is one of the leaders of his race in America. Born in 1868, he obtained a filll"'. education in Fisk University, and then in IIarvard, the latter university making him a doctor of philosophy, He became an assistant in the department of sociology, University of Pennsylvania, a~ld then professor of economics and history in Atlanta University. He is now head of the Department of Publicity and Research in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He is author of a number of books, and is one of the most cuhured and eloquent orators of America.

• Condensed from The Christian Endeavor World.

19II ] FORTY YEARS OF

smiths, 2,500 physicians, and, above by negro secret and beneficial societies, all, 2,000,000 mistresses of independ- which hold at least $6,000,000 in real ent homes, and 3,000,000 children in estate. Negroes support wholly or in part more than 60 old folks' homes and school. orphanages, 30 hospitals, and 500 Fifty years ago these people were cemeteries. Their organized commer- cial life is extending rapidly, and innot only practically penniless, but were cludes all branches of the smaller themselves assessed as "real estate." kinds of retail business and forty In 1909 they owned nearly 500,000 banks. homes, and among these about 250,- 000 farms, or more than one-fifth of Above and beyond this material those they cultivate, with 15,000,000 growth has gone the spiritual uplift acres of farmland, worth about $200,- of a great human race. From con- 000,000. As owners and renters of tempt and amusement they have farms they control 40,000,000 acres, passed to the pity and perplexity of worth more than $500,000,000, with their neighbors, while within their a gross income of $250,000,000. own souls they have arisen from apathy and timid complaint to open Negroes to-day conduct every sev- protest and more and more manly enth farm in the land, and raise every self-assertion. Where nine-tenths of sixteenth· dollar's worth of crops. They have accumulated at least $600,- them could not read or write in 1859, 000,000 worth of property in a ha1£- to-day two-thirds can; they have 200 century, starting with almost nothing. papers and periodicals, and their voice and expression are compelling To-day the negro is a recognized attention. part of the American Government; he holds 8,352 offices in the executive Already the poems of Dunbar and civil service of the nation, besides Braithwaite, the essays of Miller and furnishing four regiments in the army, Grimke, the music of Rosamond Johnand a large number of sailors. In the son, and the painting of Tanner are State and municipal civil service he the property of the nation and the holds at least 10,000 other offices, and world. Instead of being led and dehe furnishes 70,000 of the 900,000 fended by others, as in the past, they votes that rule the great States of the are gaining their own leaders, their North and West. own voices, their own ideals.

In these same years the negro has This, then, is the transformation of relearned the lost art of organization. the negro in America in fifty years; Slavery was the absolute denial of in- from slavery to freedom, from 4,000,- itiative and responsibility. To-day 000 to 10,000,000, from denial of citinegroes have 35,000 church edifices zenship to enfranchisement, from beworth $56,000,000, and with nearly ing owned chattels to ownership of 4,000,000 members. They themselves $600,000,000 in property, from unorraise $7,500,000 a year for these ganized irresponsibility to organized churches. group life, from being spoken for to speaking, from contemptuous forget- There are 200 private schools and fulness on the part of their neighbors colleges managed and almost entirely to uneasy fear and dawning respect, supported by negroes, and other pub- and from inarticulate complaint to lic and private negro schools have re- self-expression and dawning conceived in forty years $45,000,000 of sciousness of manhood. negroes' money in taxes and donations. Five millions a year is raised

EDITORIALS

LUTHERAN MISSIONS (See Statidics) a Japanese Christian whose Chris- tianity is not questioned, but whost: Many people will be astonished to work is independent of responsible note the extent of missionary work control and should be supported by carried on by the Lutherans of Scan- the Japanese. The leader also is too dinavia and Germany. The modern often side~tracked, and seems to be un- Protestant Foreign Missionary Move- wise in many of his undertakings. Anment began with the Moravians, and other inquiry relates to an independone of the first German missionary en- ent mission in India where there is terprises was connected with the fa- constant friction among the missionmous Francke orphanages at Halle. aries, and concerning which the leaa- Frederick IV, King of Denmark, who er's statements can not be trusted. sent out the first evangelical missionaries to India, is called the "nursing It is work that is not worth supportfather of Protestant missions." At ing so far as any evidences of progress first all the German and Scandinavian indicate. missionaries labored only in colonies, now they are scattered all over the Another inquiry is in regard to <t globe. Much of the Scandinavian and man from Kurdistan who represents German Lutheran work is carried on himself as belonging to the Methodist through the twenty-six societies III Church (which has no work there), America, tho most of the supporters and carries around with him a paper are poor settlers in the West and in Syriac under which is what pur- Northwest. Back of the figures set ports to be a translation recommenddown in these tables are heart-stirring ing the bearer as a collector of funds stories of prayer and sacrifice, of ef- for an orphans' home. Other letters fort and suffering, of disappointment relate to China and New Zealand, and victory. Africa and Italy. The number of ir- responsible collectors is legion. STEWARDSHIP AND IRRESPONSIBLE ,It is astonishing how gullible some COLLECTORS Christian people are, and how ready to part with the Lord's money to support SO many warnings have been ut- private enterprises. Letters of recomtered against giving money to sup- mendation count for nothing unless port unauthorized and irresponsible under regular letter-heads, and by benevolent agencies and institutions well-known men who are not only fathat it seems incredible that so many miliar with the facts, but are careful Christian people are led into numerous in giving their endorsements. Letters wild-cat missionary schemes. Many may easily be forged, and too many of those who come begging churches, are given unthinkingly. Sunday-schools and individuals for money have very thrilling and moving But a still more convincing argutales to relate of hardship, degrada- ment is: There are so many well-ortion and success. Many appear in- ganized, long established, well-mantelligent, consecrated and pious. Of- aged spiritual enterprises, with every ten they have letters of recommenda- mark of God's blessing and endorsetion from well-known parties, and not ment, where only a small fraction of infrequently statements as to the work the funds are used for home expenses, and the workers are true so far as and where money is sorely needed for they go, but the fact remains that maintaining the work, that it is inmoney given to these objects is thrown conceivable how Christians will choose away, or at best is poorly invested. in preference to give to those where the money is not used as intended or We have before us several letters is manifestly not a paying investment. asking about various men and the work presented, none of which we can To our mind the great denominarecommend, but for different reasons. tional societies conduct missionary One relates to a church conducted by work on the most economical and ef- ficient plan. Their work is done by

AND PART OF SCANDINAVIAN AND GERMAN LUTHERANS IN WORLD OF EVANGELIZATION

BY DR. JOHN NICHOLAS LENKER —– – – – – – – – –~— I~ THE HOME CHURCH 1 '0 AFRICA. .- '"ro ISLANDS. U5 if> E 0.5.~2"C VJ'2 ~', ~rJJ ~~.a I;; 1 -"~ Society and Fields ……S". 8~~~ ~2.~,g 00 g~rfJ 00 Society and Fields Society and Fields o:U:1'5" ~~ u5 P"'"-.'U-0") ~0 I I —a~e-rm~a~n-y—————-~—+i–~–~–~———– -~—-f—~~—-~—~ ~~ Europe. 64 Societies . . . . . . . . 1705 991 5,10211,400146,4181778,968 328,118156,55614,505 275,398114,535,670 Germany Rhenish Society* …….. 1828 1 Berlin Society ……….. 11824 8 9 63 397 6,153 2,791 56 2411,346 Borneo …………….. 1834 10 26 13 11 73 362 2,75;; 1,518 294 30 1,602 A Germany, 28 Societies …… 1705 6913, 707 11,00538,125571,345 254,54450,7233,247154,91210,523,950 Cape Colony Synod ….. :1853 8 40 46523,349 Kafraria' Synod ……… :18371 4 29 4 1 34 86 1,338 568 44 12 571 Sumatra …………….. 1862 41 400 54 522,105 7,531 93,93640,812 7,769 (a) Leipzig Society …….. 1836 47 291 611 1,067121,285 10,538 453 359 10,019 652,634 71 3,070 (b) Hermannsburg Mission 1849 63 176 72 3,288 71,353 36,674 993 201 9,037 587,574 Natal Synod ………… 1847 6 64 11 90 286 2,494 2,073 158 25 941 Nias ……….. _…….. 1865 16 49 23 20 186 731 10,832 5,623 2,828 (c) Berlin Society …….. 1824 861,055 115 4,249 60,04~ 32,240 4,115 392 15,298 1,234,330 4 211 Orange Synod ……….. 1834 7 69 10 7 91 580 8,637 4,024 464 30 1,372 Mentawei.Enggano ……. 1901 2 3 2 1 7 1 114 821 2 54625,444 South Transvaal Synod … 1865 15 194 18 9 169 1,089 8,764 9,428 370 73 3,083 Total, Dutch India ……. 1834 69 478 91 84 7 8,615107,63748,03510,893 (d) Gossner Mission …… 1836 27 423 54 7,138 77,211 29,06018,841 217 6,287 452330 7 296 (e) Rhenish Society' ….. 1828 115 535 16211,191 144,929 65,49814,746 6791 35,038 1,038:660 North Transvaal Synod … 1865 14 237 18 7 214 745 10,859 5,595 860 93 3,082 Kaiser Wilhelm's Land … 1887 6 1 8 10 3 20 94 75 43 (f) Basel Society· ……… 1815 68 639 158 5,024 60,632 33,316 4,532 647134,203 2,084,795 Total South Africa …… 1834 54 633 69 33 661 3,185 49,245 2,447 1,952 257 10,401 Basel Society' ……….. 1815 (g) N. German, Togoland .. 1836 8 143 16 1,143 7,635 3,480 424 141 5,620 284,928 Konde Synod ……….. 1891 7 166 9 9 89 232 1,080 9,607 868 47 2,382 North Borneo ………… 1907 4 6 48 684 393 6 4 93 (h) Breklum, Telugus …… 1877 10 106 22 835 12,677 2,416 2,438 65 1,508 215,535 Hehe Synod ………… 1898 8 39 12 4 21 137 607 388 449 19 566 Neuendettelsau Society … 1849 5 148 Kaiser Wilhelm's Land … 1886 12 23 373 2,180 1,414 1,359 12 (i) Neuendettelsau Society. 1849 13 … 24 373 2,252 1,469 1,359 131 1,151 109536 Usaramo …………… 1887 3 4 4 4 4 16 295 188 34 71 2,875 Queensland, Australia …. 1886 1 1 72 55 1 1,1~6 (j) German E. Africa Soc'y 1886 11 21 14 136 1,07U 596 309 45 1,550 97'403 385 1,982 1,183 1,351 .°111849 German East Africa ….. 1887 18 209 25 24 114 752 9,316 5,673 873 41 1,116 Liebenzell Mission ……. 1899 I ' I 4,000 3000 (k) Hanover Free C., S. Af. 1892 9 34 10 80 5,110 .•.. 200 600 32:154 German Micronesia …… 1906 6 38 6 10 28 30 1,000 Hermal1nsburg Mission (I) German Evang. Prot. .. 1884 4 5 7…. 410 …. …. 11 520 130,000 South Africa, Zulus … 1854 20 37 22 4 142 N eukirchen Society' ….. 1882 South Africa, Bechuanas 1858 27 96 29 6 376 2,415 57,86828,329 III 114 6,159 (m) Jerusalem Union, Pal'oe. 1852 5 2 5…. 750 300 140 8 400 191262 Java ………………… 1884 11 26 15 80 III 1,484 "6'4' 158 38 1,233 (n~ Liebenzell Mission ..•.. 1899 II 48 4,200 3,064 …. 33 1,046 100;634 Rhenish Society' …….. 1828 3 46 (0 Kiel China, Mission … 1896 17 54 …. Cape Colony ……….. 1829 11 12 15 15 163 915 19,729 8,333 332 20 2,480 Leipzig Society ………. 1836 1 1 1 4 1 200 (p German Chma Alliance. 1891 2 3 250 134. . . . . . . 15 050 Great Namaland …….. 1842 7 2 10 34 2 1 627 358 222 6 157 46' 178 Hereroland . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1842 13 14 9 8 19 205 4,073 1,687 373 6 626 Scandinavia I German S. W. Africa …. 1839 20 16 20 15 68 ' Ovanboland …………. 1870 4 29 24 87 1,173 10,809 5,716 2,720 38 2,069 Swedish Church Mission " 1835 Total, South Africa …… 11829 35 28 (q) Hildesheim China ….. 1890 1 1 . . . '1'1'1' 100 …. 2 20 17'897 6 30 III 1,378 14,882 7,403 3,093 44 2,695 Ceylon, Tamils ……….. 1903 .. ·1 205 69 50 (r) N eukirchen Society' … 1882 15 35 26 1 1,846 tgg:::: i ~g ~~~t~ 1,322 243 52 1,53.1 104'545 50 (5) Women's Society, East. 1842 4 15 691 4971 2331 134. 4 487 Society of Norway …… 1842 1 100 4,171 9 279 2,315 35'10615'96913'559 68 5,662 Madagascar, In'd & East.. 1867 41 812 51 … 2,115 4,058 72,23724,569 2,478 14 409 fl .. i :::: i~~ (t) Berlin Women's, China. 1850 4 400 (u) Chrischona China' …. 1895 47 (v) Society for Africa …… 1887 12 181 (w) Kaiserswerth Deaconess. 1851 9 69 i .. 100 100…. 2 25 10'190 Leipzig Society ……… 11836 40 27 18 4 98 Madagascar, West Coast. .. 1874 6 54 6 91 308 2,067 618 121 100 28' 000 English East Africa …. ' 1893 3 4 5 6 5 1 … 4 …. 570 .. …. 2 30 300;000 German East Africa ••… 1893 11 60 20 28 59 15 West Indies, America … 1665 4 3 1 '5,200 3 .. . 2.. .. 8 19 10 …. 400 .. :: I 31 1,300 2t~~~~ 254 1,353 806 251 64 5,817 America Free Church, Madagascar . 1885 2 39 1 (x) :..:..:..:J .. m;7~g Basel Society' .•…….. 1815 United Norwe'n Church … 1895 35 570 481 7 :::: . (y) Gold Coast, West Africa' 1828 11 179 Madagascar ………….. 1895 4 37 123 1,254 730 292 Medical Mission Union. 18991 .. 81 ::: .. 556 :. :3:0:01 91 . 425 Ger. Kamerun, W. Afric' 1887 12 241 27 48 254 1,608 22,792 10,59011,100 163 6,878 9 15 62 German Orient Mission . 1895 Total, West Africa ….. 1828 23, 420 37 56 247 1,714 8,882 5,620 2,367 243 10,619 !I) 1~ ~:::: ~n Ca) German Aid UnlOn, East 1896) ~ 1:~:~ North German, Togoland. 1836 8 1431 64 104 501 3,322 31,674 16,216 3,4671 40617,497 16 15 458 1,143 7,635 3,480 424 141 5,620 (b) Brildergemeine' ……. 1732 Scandinavia, 24 Societies …. 1705 (z) Syrian Orphanall'e ….. 18601 1 Porto Rico ………….. 1898 5 4 2 3 500 2411 ~c::1t~,is:;S·~C·i~~i~~".:::·.: ;~~:I;~; 548 146 116 125 9,167 79,709 53:~~~1112:~~~ 154 118 194 3,4481 95,902 33'07911'708 311120,932 1,797;410 German E. Africa Soc'y. 1886 6 49 136 1,602 588 309 44 1,538 641 29,263 2701,340 285 7,300127,798 51,836 6,5331,327 86,250 2,578,731 Usambara ………….. 11890 8 21 10 119 5,080 f{5~m 27,978 3,21611741 5,918 Ruanda .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1897 3 4 2 8 8 1 12 Scandinavia, 2 Societies … 1665152 866 61 12,207 4,369116,35125,256 2,599 22 297 808 216/ 231 474 36,236 America, 2 Societies …… 1885 11 79 14 23 62 158 2,324 1,019 292 78234,590 B. Norway. 1 1 Hanover Free Ch., S. Af.. 1892 9 34 10 8 80 5,110 200 600 50 982 791 4.,8.2.0.1 78,898 ==:::I:::s:::la:::n=d=s:,::,=1:::0::::::S:::o:::c=ie=t=ie=s::::::.=.=.=.=.:,:,=16=6=5~17=0:.:-1.:::,4=9=3,:_~22=1~==1=4=0.;:2::.,=39~4~1_3~~,~6~94 198,384 79,311 15,350 (a) Society of Norwav …. 1842 … 1,981 Neukirchen Society* ….. 1882 4 9 11 ::::1 22 362 85 14 300 5 27 2 30 (b) Schreuder Mission …. 1877 10 6 8 871 418 320…. 41 134 165,713 Society for Africa 1887 3 2 100 (c) Norwegian China …… 1890 ':::~ ~ 1.'~.~~ 16,3!~ 7,000 1:~~~ 56 2:~:~1 48,286 Kaiserswerth Deaconess .. 1851 2 4 …. 150 2 Cd) Santal Mission, N. India 1888 35 ::: :: ":::1 Scandinavia 27 13 38 1,981 808 216 23 474 WESTERN ASIA. (e) Free Church, S.•frica. 1899 Schreuder Mission …… ,1877 Society and Fields ~] ~ "t) '2 In ~ (I) Lapp or Finn Mission .. 1888 Society of Norway …… 1842 .~~ .~~ 5:a~ ':':::l'::: ;::1 ::::1 ::::::: 294 4,094 2,5671 382 –~G~~er=m~~an~y~—————-~–c'–+–~~—- UoES ~~ Norway, 6 Societies …….. 1721 '::1 ;:: South Africa, Zulus …… 1842 15 69 15 . . . 65 4,058 72,237 24,569 2,478 14050( 41,,107119 5 Z~+-' 0'~N~~g; ~0.~ 3v~s ~g~g '~z00. 51 2,115 Madagascar, In'd & East 1867 41 812 91 308 2,067 618 121 14 409 Madagascar, West Coast. 1874 6 54 6 C Sweden. :::: iiSI 42 421 __ —–I—- ____-,~___I~ _+—.L—_ (a) Swedish Church ;lission 1835 232 (b) Fatherland Society ….. 1856 22 20 32 201 2,893 .:?? 6,m 1,333 200 81 2,269 350,000 Free Church, S. Africa .. 1899 1 13 21 90 199 1,564 …. ';425 (c) Swedish Mission Friends 1879 15 29 66 (d) Friends of the Lapps … 1880 1 2i ~:~ 3~ .:~~ 3,~~& 2:~~?1 21~ 3~t:~~~ Swedish Mission Friends. 1879 7 163 97 1,481 629 •… 50 1,191 Jerusalem Union, Pal'ne … 1852 2 4 26 750 I 300 140 81 400 (e) Holiness Union …….. 1890 8 Fatherland Society 1856 11 (I) Scandinavian Alliance .. 1900 14 21 10 10 51 281 3,196 1,637 338 14 411 1 000 … . 1 26 .. . …. 660 660.. .. 4 203 38,785 Swedish Church Mission.. 1835 10 18 17 20 35 164 1,772 768 . . . . 23 1,548 18~0 Hermannsburg Mission … 1849 ' 14 …. 600 Finnish Society ……… 1859 8 16 Persia, Nestorians •……. 2 2 120 …. I 4 300 600.. .. 14 250 44,042 ~alekstine Kaiserswerth Deaconess … 1851 I :::: …. America ……………. 1851 2 3 (g) Women's Workers …. 1894 'ii '34 "'1'i8 :":9:6: ::6:3:6 'ij 234 ~~;m General Synod …… . .. 1837 1 20 5 4 23 400 150 ~ 1~~ 7 (h) Swedish China Mission .. 1887 Free Church, Madagascar 1885 2 39 35 35 570 48 10i~ ::: ;~i 1,04313',420 ::::1 :::: i 1~~ 6~',n~ United Norwe'n Church. 1895 4 37 9 15 62 123 1,254 730 292 12 181 1m ~~u~r~~eayn"O•~.i.~.~.t….i..i.i.~.~i.~.l.~"…·.. 1853 2 4 28 200 2 Ci) Jerusalem Sodety : ….. 1900 2 4 (j) Women's Chma ]hsslOn 1850 350) Totals- 100 : : : : 1 (k) Swedish Monsol Mission 1898 Sweden, 11 SocietIes ……. 1835 l 7',6671 901 388 12·,06.i!1,2·i8·,60· Germany, 10 Societies 18292101,698 337 245 2,666 14,002201,55174,72612,6001,18957,775 Turkey in Asia ……….. 1897 2 245 200 I 2 200 129 962,953 5,301 90,65831,638 3,535 444 14,648 Scandinavia, 7 Societies 1842104 1,159 24 85 158 2,224 928 292 201 404 Persia ………………….. 2 12 3 250 …. 4 2~°5 America, 3 Societies …. . 1848 7 96 17 Russia . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . .. …. 2 11 …. 2 1~1 i6311i:~g~ 5'~~~ll,ggg nl Ug~1 2~~;~~g .~; D Denmark. Africa, 20 Societies …. . 1829321 2,953 483 365 5,304 19,461 292,209 107292116427 1,653172,827 Ca) Danish Bulgaria ………………… I 1 … 1 2 1 100 …. I 11 1705 25 1 .. '11 Church Mission. . — Syrian Orphanage …….. 1860 4 2 4 23 19 600 …. 1 7 1:6i.i (b) Danish Mission Society. 1872 ::: "2 German Aid Union for Easl 1896 4 10 2 37 191 9 …. I — 811 …. I (c) Danish Santal 1877 1 …. 'iD6 …. :::: "'1 …. I 224~",0g3ggO <l if> Women's Soc'y for East. .. 1842 3 6 200 100 2 30 (d) Loventhal, South India. 1872 .. .. iii J, 2 3 1 I "U"5 '""SS'.".. .—;;;"~'" Scandinavia I "I :::: (e) Mohammedans in East.. 1898 '"O.~ ","",;'" Mohammedans in East •… 1898 2 .. .. . INDIA. 'ii '~0i'"; u01"3 "000 5 17, 1 J :: 5~ ~~~ 18:,~6~ 11:,~6~: ~~I 3'~{~~~ (g) Dr. Marie Holst '0 if> iii" ~l$: .-iii ''~"" '0 ,'"; Society and Fields iii ~ P"'"-.'U-'")' Denmark, 7 Societies .•…… "'0 "…..8.. '@" ';0n "'"'"0 ~".~>'": iii (I) Missions in Ambia …. 1897 U 'Om N ._.0 :s'". Missions in Arabia ……. 1897 1 2 : : : : …. 1 …. ",; o::U1 5'" '"~…l u."v..'..S"c": j. . :::: 2:,i6j! '~" :0:1 ,"'- .~O a.~ "p.. Dr. Marie Holst ……… …. 1 1 : :4:0: .:.: .:.: I " :: ;;1 ::: ,::::: ,::::: ~'"I ,::I,::::: ::::::: E Finland, 4 Societies ……. 1859 ><~ "'0 I I"''0Q>~ ~~ 1705 O~ Swedish Mission Friends .. 1879 1 Persia, Teheran ………. 1887 1 1 12 1 20 Germany Transcaucasia •.•……… 1882 3 2 3 3 4 200 …. I 5 65 1 Leipzig Society ………. 1836 West China, Turkestan … 1894 3 88 1001 . j 50 F France ……………… . Swedish Mongol Mission .. 1898 1 11 I … . II South India, Tamils …… 1705 31 220 34 …3 762 766 18,853 9,072 184 289 9,751 Swedish Church Mission .. 1835 G Netherlands Society ……. 1889 2 2 500 4001 46,020 Burma, Tamils … : …… , 1878 1 1 1 5 1 61 .. "1 …. ……. Malay States, Tamils 6 1 .. , …. 14 482 285 1 42 Jerusalem Society …….. 1900 2 …. .. .. 2 100 198' . "1 … .. .. 1908 1 16 …. 18 558 348 :::i …. 39 289 10,000 41 18 3 46 1,412 America 1909 HS oeur mt ha nI nnds bi au,r gT e:lMu gi sussi o n. . . . . 1849 159 H Austria 1908 …. …. .. .. I …. I I 13,000 …….. Gossner Mission 1866 14 401 44 .2.,9 121 3,200 2,672 9 209 5,437 OAruigeunsttaMnaohaSmymnoeddan•.•……… 11981808 2 300 '1'5'0'1 1. Hungary ….,. 797 1 17 160 ……. North India, 1836 …2…2 …3 35 6,937 74,626 28,401 18,441 Persia ••.••..•••.•……. 1888 2 2 2 100 7 7 .g33 Assam, Kols 1845 20 39 .1.8.4.1 1.,9.5..7 .6.5.9.1 .3.1.0. J. Poland, Russia …………. 1891 1 5 1 71 2,060 1,0001 …. … …. 14,000 K..o.l.s……… 1874 2 17 634 298 90 GermTaontya, ls7- Societies …… 1851 31 31 20 106 244 4,331 4001 140 452 2,228 K. Russia ……………….. 18821 81.. . 101 • • • • •••• • ••• •••• • •• 1 • • • • 120,000 Calcutta, Kols …………… 1 Scandinavia, 7 Societies … 1882 14 5 15 21 23 340 …. 11 235 L. Iceland ………… :. …… …. "'1 •.. . •. 462,538 America, 2 Societies …… 1888 3 14 2 0 …….. I I Ganges, Hindus ………. 1840 5 West Asia, 1(; Societies … 1851 48 371 39 129 267 300 150 160 2 100 N. AMERICA, 27 Socletres .. 17051 831 L,309 Basel Society* ……….. 1815 ···1 …. I Kahara-Coorg ………… 1834 10 44 21 36 284 366 7,961 4,179 113 64 4,898 4,971 550 300 58 2,563 11 12 114 I SMoaultahb a rM a.r a.t.h.i. . …. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1837 5 12 44 352 105 2,262 1,220 2 32 2,250 1841 8 37 20 4 57 1241 3'6301,65'580' 28,950 9,194 732 22,1201 96 815 412 7,228 4,093 137 49 6,107 4 5 27 1,044 Dollars Nilafiri …………….. 1846 3 18 56 2 262 60 953 527 ARCTIC REGIONS. 22 943 18,404 10,018 257 172114,299 A. English or Penna. Germans 1,681 38,736 13,451 5,903 312 9,918 85,343 Tota, India …………. 1834 26 III 835 12,677 2,416 2,438 65 1,508 Society and Fields (a) General Synod ……… 1837 9 754 19 38,236 13,251 6,903 19,000 Breklum, Telugus …….. 1877 10 106 1. India, Telugus ……… 1837 7 734 12 1,681 305 9,742 2. Liberia, Africa ……… 1848 1 20 400 150…. 7 176 Scandinavia ………… 16,313 7,000 1,0001 56 2,197 3. Buenos Ayres, S. A …. 1908 1. . . 5 100 50 Santal. Mission, N. India .. 18881 35 …5 ………8 ….10,, 274 1,144 12,138 (b) General Council …….. 1869 9 323 16,816 1 112 1,424 … . ………… I ….3..6 1.,.9.9.0 1. India, Telugus …….. 1869 3 319 2 16,316 9,498 1,995 197 5,587 34,167 Old FIeld, East ………. 1888 22 '36 8 3 88 530 !I 2. Porto Rico ………… 1898 54 10 1,048 500 9,257 1,995 188 5,518 4,800 2 357 800 …. 207 New Field, West …….. 1905 7 … 8 1 18 1,951 1,075 Scandinavia (c~· {f~i~~d 'Sy;'~d;' S'0'~ti1":: i~g~ ~ .. 5 7 1,048 360 241 …9 69 15,000 17 6 56 ….I 127 1,301 Norway 3. Eng. or Pa. Ger'n Socs. 1837 55,912 4 180 $134,510 Dinajpur ……………. 1900 3 36 95 9 2',093 23 1,082 2 40 513 15,685 …. 130 100 1,078 23Jggj 7,936 Assam Colony ……….. 1880 3 33 1,803 .5..4.9 …….. .2..7 Lapp or Finn Mission …. 1888 2 ~ Danish Mission Society … 1872 8 125 …6.0 1,412 94 Sweden Loventhal, South India .. 1872 2 . 104 Friends of the Lapps ….. 1880 211 300 ::::1 ::::1 2 173 33 £,729 ……. Swedish Church Mission . 1835 7 … 768 63 42 Swedish Mongol Mission . 1898 704 31 .. .. Fatherland Society 1856 11 Swedish Mission Friends .. 1879 3' Lapland …•…………. 1880 ::J ';~~I :;;J 14 B. German Americans. 13,000 America 1,681 38,236 13,251 6,903 :;05 9,742 4 6 100 General Synod ………. 1837 7 734 12 20 685 Denmark (a) Ohio Synod ………. . 9 300 18 15,519 7 12 321 …. 1,048 16,316 9,257 1,995 188 5,518 Greenland, America ……. 1721 21 14 (b) Missouri Synod, India .. 1895 General Council ………. 1869 3 319 9 300 18 835 19 ~(eCd} 12,018 9 8 29 239 3,148 1',976 . i35 52 2,209 Manchuria, China ……. '11896 7 4 . 'jl : ………. ..II 21 1,100 …. I ……. Missouri Synod, India ….. 1895 5 8 Iceland ………………….. . I11 6 128 German Iowa Synod .. . 41 200 1 30 5,000 204 Wisconsin Synod ….. . 18931 Evangelical Synod 1867 6 45 i Finns …………………… . 2~1 3,140 1,976 135 52 2,209 34,686 …….. 1 Evangelical Synod …. . 11886677/ 3,64R 1,976 135 71 3,074 $80,n3 Totals- 791 38,360 Scandinavians in America .'". ·1 5. Gennan Societies …… . Germany, 5 Societies ….. 1705 111 908 186 133r,882 9,835 131,391 54,170 21,729 166 6,443 Greenland Church …….. 1901 2 Scandinavia, 5 Societies … 1705 63 41 43 50 527 1,402 20,929 9,021 1,063 America, 4 Societies …… 1837 21 1,098 37 48 1,239 2,968 58,000 24,484 9,033 563 18,304 Icelandic Syno? …… . …. 1900 1 2 ::::1 ::::1 ::::1 C. Norwegian Americans. I 551 1,249 21.131 India, 14 Societies …….. 1705 195 2,047 2314,648 14,2051210,320 87,675 31,825 1,520 57,107 NorwegIan Synod …….. 1889 1 1 266 Augustana Synod ……… 1888 1 (a) Hague Synod, China … 1891 4 38 7 138 748 442 Mission Friends • . . . . . . . . : 18~7 2 …. I Alaska .••…………… i 1889 (b) United Norwe'n Church. 1895 9 5'6 19 226 1,657 1,075 399 23 451 83,401 – – – – – – – – – – – -~ – – – 1 51 '~~~I '~~~I 100 1. Madagascar ………… 1895 4 37 9 123 1,254 730 292 12 181 212 scan1i~:~i;;:- 7 Societies ., 172138 4 13 2. Central China ………. 1905 5 19 10 103 403 345 107 11 270 286 America, 4 Societies …… 1889 8 156 German Moravian …….. 1733 10 (c) Free Church, Madagasc'r 1885 2 39 3 35 570 48 1 47 14,000 Arctic Regions, 12 Societies 1721 5.6 (d) Norwegian Synod …… 1889 4 4 5 700 400 10 300 16,934 CHINA. 3 44 12 18 101 46 351 1,501 2 10 15 400 51 <e) Norw. Brethren, China. 1895 2 13 6 15 58 50 15 250 5,580 12'70615'000)1 1,000) 600 300 100 5. Norwegian Societies …. 1885 21 150 40 414 3,733 2,015 399 104 2,297 $141,046 3 24 3 51 117 1,972 852 …. 10 257 Society and Fields 8 78 30 69 214 15,278 6,152 1,10~~~,! D. Swedish Americans. (a) All,B'ustana Synod ….. , 1888 7 4 9 400 2501 140 6 220 46,430 II 1. Chma …………….. 1902 5 2 9 100 100 40 4 120 20,901 Germany 2. Pe!,S1!, … : ………… 1888 2 1 2 300 150 160 2 100 1,271 .Berlin Society ……….. 1824 5,ml 575 8,054 GERMAN COLONIES.

(b) MISSIOn Fnends ……. 1887 9 21 11 139 1,259 872 484 26 594 40,210 South China, Canton ….. 1867 11 148 16 9 1751 57) 51 1,345 5 2 56 13 352 1. Central China ……… 1891 6 20 ~I 88 659 572 384 23 444 North China, Kiautschau .. 1898 3 65 107 767 61,,48 3179 1 236 34 848 2. Alaska ……………. 1889 31 51 600 12 21 90 65 2,314 12 178 300 100 3 IS) . '2,533 Rhenish Society' ……… 1828 7 28 37 35 243 232 2,092 251 Society and Fields <c) Evangelical Free, China 1887 2 50 4 12 711 9,870 802 3 100 178 Basel Society* ……….. 1815 19 104 2 14 18 3 46 3. Swedish Societies ….. . 17 25 17 148 1,837 1,300 624 34 864 $89,173 11 3 14 220 German Evang. Protes'!… 1884 2 16 50 ';HI 14 200 6 , i57 Liebenzell Mission ……. 1899 5 10 3 46 250 2 20 E. Danish Americans. Kiel, China, Mission …..• 1896 2 3 15 41 1 20 Germany I I,gg~19'~~~ 1 4,919 2 2 25 Berlin Society ……….. 1824 mil (a) United Church ……… 1892 2 5 3 350 350 100 100 German China Alliance … 1891 10 34 1 68 627 358 222 Konde Synod …………. 1891 7 L6) 9 9 89 232 47 2,358662 4 19 1 (b) Danish Church ……. . 12 1 100 50 2,100 Hildesheim, China ……. 1890 1 1 100 Hehe Synod …………. 1898 8 39 12 4 21 137 (c) Greenland Church .. : … i96i 2 2 50 Berlin Women's, China .•• 1850 1 1 141 100 U saramo …………… , 1887 3 4 I,m I,m 4 4 4 16 295 188 34 5 148 Cd) Church of West IndIes. 200 '$i,Oi9 Crischona, China' …….. 1895 1 100 100 German East Africa …… 1887 18 209 25 24 114 385 1'~~~1 5 2 56 107 4. Danish Societies ……. i892 5 6 100 450 350 100 Scandinavia 500 224 235 15 319 North China, Kiautschau .. 18981 3 65 71131 2,837552 Society of Norway ……. 1842 5 19 F, Inter-Synodical. Norwegian China……… 1890 10 6 7 2 45 159 418 320 4 134 Rhenish Society* …….. 1828 87 (a) Santal Mission …….. 1891 7,201 8 23 Great Namaland ……… 1842 7 2 9 8 19 205 4,073 1,687 373 6 626 1 '$'7',26i 38 2,069 Swedish Mission Friends 1879 24 521 Hereroland ………….. 1842 13 14 20 24 87 1,173 10,809 5,716 2,720 (b) Orient Mohammedan .. 1910 2 Central China ……….. 1890 7 27 10 26 66, 169 923 29 30 111 1,378 14,882 7,4031 3,093 441 2,695 3 50 German S. W. Africa ….. 1839 20 16 4 487 (c) Scandinavian Free …. 1895 2 West China, Turkestan .. 1894 3 88 100 6 4 15 69 497 233 134 7 296 234 Ovamboland …………. 1870 4 (d) Alliance (Swedish) …. 1900 Swedish China Mbsion .. 1887 11 34 18 21 87 90 636 8 10 3 20 94 751 43 41 Kaiser Wilhelm's Land .. , 1887 6 4. Inter-Synodical Socs… 1891 5 Women's China Mission .. 1850 1 1 Leipzig Society ………. 1836 3,000 Swedish Mongol Mission 1898 1 1 1 . jj …. 1 203 German East Africa …… 1893 11 60 20 28 59 254 1,353 8061 251 64 5,817 Holiness Union ………. 1890 8 21 19 250 37 56 247 1,714 8,882 5,620 2,367 G, Finns and Slovaks 660 6601 1 :; Basel Society' ……….. 1815 16 15 458 1,143 7,635 3,4~0 424 600 600 $366 Scandinavian Alliance …. 1900 14 26 14 4 60 I Ger. Kamerun, W. Africa. 1887 12 241 243 10,619 H. Icelandic Synod ………. 19001 North German, Togoland .. 1836 8 143 141 5,620 Danish Mission Society … 1872 306 116 :::: ~~ 1 128 19 14 43 Scandinavians in America …. 1885 47 182 69 562 6,020 3,685 1,123 148 3,361 $244,805 Manchuria, China ……… 1896 7 150 100 200 German E. Africa Soc'y .. 1886 Finnish Society ………. 1859 3 24 8 10 40 94 50 1. S. AMERICA SOCIETY … 1907 1 1 $4,000 1890 1 1 4 5 . Usambara ……………. 1890 8 21 10 6 49 136 1,60~ 58~ . ~~~) 44 1,538 Free Mission, China 4 2 1 12 AUSTRALIA SOCIETY … 1878 2 4 130 110 2 $17000 Ruanda •…………….. 1897 31 Scandinavians in America 55 1,249 ASIA, SANTALS, ETC. … 1706 ' Hauge Synod, China …… 1891 4 38 7 10 103 138 748 442 Neuendettelsau Society … 1849 AFRICA ……………… 1705 $22650,000 403 345 107 11 270 Kaiser Wilhelm's Land … 1886 12 23 373 2,180 1,414 1.,3.5.9. 12 1,121 United Norwe'n Church 1895 5 19 10 17 50 103 Germans in World ………. 1705 7434,8461,13841,823708,866 313',78758',7944,333 297:ooi 4,000,000 Norw. Brethren, China .. 1895 2 13 6 7 26 15 58 501 15 250 Liebenzel Mission ……. 1899 30 1,000 100 100 40 4 120 6 10 28 4,000 3,000 3 100 Norwegians in World …… 1721 141 1,137 139 6,465 99,404 38,121 4,831 381 11,227 $393,678 Augustana Synod …….. 1888 5 249 9 German Micronesia ……. 1906 6 38 2 4 12 220 Swedes in World ……….. 1838 121 375 145 1,191 15,257 8,367 1,525 422 12,869 $434,195 Mission Friends ………. 11887 6 20 7 14 58 88 659 572 384 23 444 German Evang. Protest't.. 1884 2 Danes in World ……….. 1705 51 10 64 306 19,157 6,015 1,300 88 2,703 $105,525 Evangelical Free, China… 1887 1 2 2 4 11 178 178 2 50 Briidergemeine* ………. 1732 Scandinavians in World …… 1705 3341,566 391 8,225135,812 56,3911 7,956 906 28,547 1,058,358 Totals- 180 5,227 Scandinavia I Germany, 10 Societies….. 96 2,080 Finnish Society ………. 1859 1 Scandinavia, 11 Societies .. 1846 62 394 106 114 665 1,707 22,421 15,590 2,087 110 2,383 17 20 35 164 1,7721 768 28 1,546 America, 6 Societies …… 1850 71 158 98 114 343 647 4,343 2,020 235 German S. W. Africa ….. 1870 8 16 266 .::2",69=1'>,::2,,-0,-7,-,7",4.7.-=6,-"6_4_,,,,6,,-6,,,,0142,821 14,011 814139,871 ~~1781~~15'23-01~~~1~0~ TOTAL FOR THE WORLD. 1705)1,077)6,41211,529150,0481844,678 China, 27 Societies …….. 1891 23 92 34 56 257 353 2,146 1,687 531 386 9,690 1846156 2841,265 2,707 28,91019,297 2,853 Total- 644 238 German Colonies ……… 1842 154 1,029 , Lutheran and Reformed. Reprinted from the Minneapolis Tribune, January 8, 1911.

EDI'rORIALS

responsible agents under proper su- tive part in the organization and par- lor meetings; and for the able list of pervision, and God's approval ha~ ?een speakers that captivated the audiences in the authors' evening and massabundantly manifested by the sp1t1tual meetings in Carnegie HalL In this number of the REVIEW we publish a harvests reaped. There are also well story of the campaign by the inde- fatigable leader and brilliant speaker, established and spiritually conducted who has spent three months in touring the Continent, Mrs. Helen Barrett interdenominational and independent Montgomery.

enterprises that have the endor~ement of leading men and the blessmg of God-such as the China Inland Mis- sion the Mission to Lepers in India and 'the East, the Jerry McAuley !-Yfis- seBidiobunlc~attIhinoesntMaitluotwoe~dryakn,Sdchhoootmholeesr, the NatIOnal TIME FOR WORK AND WORSHIP missions and and foreign. Our editorial associate, Rev. ]. Stuart Holden, recently spoke in Lon- To these money may well be give? don on the "Position, Privilege and Perils of Christian Ministers," taking generously, with the assurance that 1t his basis from John 2: 9. "As there are only twelve hours in the day there will not be wasted. must be no indolence; but as there are fully twelve hours, there need be no Let Christians not give less, but strained anxiety. The life of our Lord combined consecration and calmness. more; not less readily, but more pray- Tho often interrupted, He was never disturbed or distracted. Holiness and erfully, as faithful stewards 'Yho shall hurry are in no way necessarily con- nected, and hurry is responsible for give an account of stewardshtp. much deterioration both of work and of mental powers. There should be WOMEN IN MISSIONS time for worship as well as for work, and if men neglect the former they Whether or not women win the bal- are seeking to busier in the latter than lot, they unquestionably are having a God ever meant they should be. The large share in the winning of the sauctuary and the study must collie first, then the street and the slum. world for Jesus Christ. They. have It is by abiding in the presence of God just completed a remarkable. sene~ .of that we are fitted to move in the presjubilee meetings in the leadll~g ctties ence of man. The quality of our work of the United States, and In New must never be overlooked in the ques- York broke all records in the enthusi- tion of quantity." asm awakened by their luncheons, parlor meetings, denominational rallies Such sentiments as these are especand mass-meetings. A jubilee fund ially timely in this day, when outward was pledged amounting already to activity is so much in danger of crowding into a corner our commun- $87°,000. Part of this is to be used ion with God.

for a Union Medical College for wom- DONATIONS ACKNOWLEDGED en in Peking, and part for women's medical missions in India. The wom- No. 383. Armenian orphans …….. 1.00 en have shown their ability to organize and carryon a successful cam- No. 384 Armenian orphans …….. 10.00 paign; they have emphasized t~e pow- No. 385. Pandita Ramabai ……… 5.00 er of prayer, the need for. ~111ty and No. 386. Pandita Ramabai ……… 5.00 the value of practical Chnstlan serv- No. 387. Armenian relief………. 5-00 No. 388. Armenian relief ………. 10.00 ice. No. 389. Indus. Evang. M., India … 25.00 Jor The closing meetings of the cam- No. 390. Indus. Evang. M., India… 7.00 No. 391. Indus. Evang. M., India… 5.00 paign in New York were. nota~le the picturesque and effective mlSSlOn- No. Indus. Evang. M., India… 5,00 ary pageant which brought crowds to No. – Pandita Ramabai ……… IO.OO the Metropolitan Opera House; for -,he brilliant speeches by Mrs. Montbomery, Dr. Mary Rig~s Noble of India, Miss Hughes of Chma, and others, at the rallies and luncheons; for tht number of prominent society women who opened their homes and took ac-

MISSIONARY

AFRICA reading-classes for Moslem children conducted by Mrs. Roberts, who has The Gospel in the Dark Continent several little Moorish girls residing with her at Hope House-the nucleus The population of Africa is esti- of a girls' orphanage. mated to be 175,000,000, and among these masses some 2,470 Protestant Once a Missionary in Abyssinia missionaries are at work, with 13,089 native assistants. The number of ad- Theophilo Waldmeier, a Swiss misherents gained is 527,800, and the communicants, 221,156; for whom sionary, was one of the captives in 4,790 are places of worship. In the 4,000 schools, 203.400 pupils received Abyssinia whom Lord Napier of Maginstruction. Nearly roo hospitals minister to the sick and suffering; 16 dala rescued in his famous expedition printing-presses are kept busy; and the Bible is supplied in all the prin- of r867. He is still living, a man of cipallanguages. In Uganda, one-half of the 700,000 inhabitants are Chris- eighty years, and is at the head of an tians. In Cape Colony, about 200,000 are Christians. institution for the free relief of the NORTH AFRICA insane, near Beirut, Syria. Jews, Mos- Dr. Mott Addressing Students lems and Christians of all shades are On a visit to the Orient John R. sheltered in the nine attractive little Mott recently gave addresses in Assiut to gatherings of Coptic and Mos- houses which he has erected. Yet all lem students and graduates of schools. Lectures were given on three succes- meet together happily in the Chapel sive evenings in the large Abbas Theater, which accommodates about where the aged and saintly house- 1,500 people – admission being by ticket. Not only was' the building father conducts worship. The Mocrowded, but on each occasion hundreds were unable to procure admis- hammedans, who detest all Catholic sion. The titles of the lectures were: "The influence of the educated classes churches as idolatrous, find themselves in modern life," "The moral battle of students in all lands," and "The bat- much at ease in this bare chapel, and tleground of young men in all nations." Dr. Mott spoke in English, at these simple services, remarking, his remarks being admirably interpreted into Arabic by a native pastor. "Allah is present here." Mr. Wald- A Thriving Mission in Tangier meier is held in general reverence by In this polyglot town the North the people, who kiss his hands, and Africa Mission is at present represented by nine workers, whose many often even prostrate themselves when and varied responsibilities include the Tulloch Memorial Hospital for Mos- he passes. But it was not always so. lem men, under the direction of Dr. George Wilson; a hospital for Moslem He has been attacked in the past by women, in another part of the town, under the direction of Dr. Gabrielle fanatics and badly beaten, but as he Breeze, the united attendances at the dispensaries totalling nearly 8,000, and says, "the best way of winning their 146 in-patients; weekly classes for Moslem girls and women; and daily heart is to let them strike you. After- ward they repent, for they realize that you love them." .

WEST AFRICA A Thriving Church Missionary Society Mission Bishop Tugwell reports to the Church Missionary Society regarding his diocese of Western Equatorial Africa that there were 2,800 baptisms last year and 10,000 on the list of cat- echumens, while 1,800 were confirmed. The contributions from Africans themselves amounted to no less a sum than £I 6,000, and this was not only given but also administered by them- selves. The mission schools are filled to overflowing. The demand for trained teachers far exceeds the sup- ply. At Abeokuta the people have promised £4,000 for a new grammar school, and a spacious and imposing structure is rapidly rising on the very son in advance of each Sabbath-school spot where Bishop Crowther com- session.

menced his work in r846. An indus- Moslem Tolerance in Africa trial mission has been opened in the same town with money (£3,000) given One of the African clergy of Lagos, and bequeathed by an African layman, the Rev. T. A. ]. Ogunbiyi, recently Mr. Blaize, whose daughter has fur- paid a week-end visit to the Mohamther promised hoo a year for three medan city of IIorin. He went, of years toward its support. At Lagos course, by railway, and was allowed and Abeokuta the work that is under by the officials to occupy his· car 'as the diocesan synod is entirely sup- "lodgings" from Saturday till Monday. ported by the African Church; so it He called on the Emir and others of is partly at Onitsha, in which district the chief men, and to his surprize, the growth is very rapid. On the was permitted to enter the mosque other hand, Islam is making serious in- with his shoes on! On Sunday he roads. It is very strong at Lagos, visited the Moslem mollahs, taking where a mosque has been opened with him a copy of the Lord's Prayer which has cost £10,000. Through- in Arabic. N early all of them obout the Jebu country, which was whol- tained permission to make a copy of ly pagan in r892, there is now a it, and exprest a wish for similar mosque in every village. literature, while some even profest to A Bible Conference in Weat Africa be desirous for a Christian school. Others told Mr. Ogunbiyi that if he The West Africa mission of the had entered the town with such a mes- Presbyterian Church recently held a sage a few years ago, he would cer- Bible conference somewhat on the tainly have been beheaded I-C. M. S. order of Northfield and Winona. The Review. churches appointed regular delegates to the numher of 385, but a great host Gospel Hunger on the Kongo ?f others came and on Sunday morn- Rev. J. O. Reavis writes to The l11g 5,745 people attended public worship, completely overflowing even the Christian. ObSer7)er: "AI-Lrubo, Ibanj enlarged Elat church. The daily meet- and the surrounding district there are ings of the conference began with over 8,000 baptized members of our prayer-meetings at 5 :30 in the morn- Church. More than goo were bap- ing. There were three addresses by tized and received into the church at missionaries each forenoon, and meet- Luebo during the past twelve months.

ing:s for conference and prayer, 1n It would take one missionary's whole whIch the men and women met sepa- time to handle the delegations who are rately, occupied the afternoons. Thto coming in from the villages on the key-notes of the meetings were evan- plains, and far out in the jungles, urg- gelism and right living. The mis- ing that teachers be sent speedily to sion force is confident that the con- tell the people that are in the darkness ference will strengthen Christians ana of the Savior's love and the Way of lead them into more general and ef- Life. One day as we waited at Luebo fective service. some men came who had walked about The Elat church for the last year I75 miles. They told the missionaries itself maintained an average attend- that they had come from a dark vil-.

ance on Sabbath morning service of lage far away; that all their people 1,562. N at less than r ,500 persons were in darkness. They had heard have can fest Christ at the altar of the that if they would build a church in church during the year. The average their village that a teacher would come attendance of the Sunday-school I~ to teach them the way of salvation.

1,5<;>9. Forty classes are taught by They built a church, and they had natIve teachers, who have themselves waited and waited. The church had received special instruction on the les- rotted down; no teacher had come."

Portugal to Grant Religious Liberty preaching in the houses and· upon the streets; (3) Through colporteurs, who Not long since, in Lisbon, Bishop sell and spread the Bible everywhere; Hartzell was accorded an interview (4) Through hospitals, and (5) Through tracts and other literature." with Dr. Affonso Costa, minister Ot To the Christian schools the tesjustice and ecclesiastical affairs, and timony is given, "The child which Captain Azevido Gomez, minister of attends one of these schools leaves it colonies and marine. The status of either as a Christian or, at least, as a Protestantism in Portugal itself and doubter in the truth of Islam." In in her African colonies under the new regard to the preaching of the Gospel republican government was the chief and the hospitals, it is stated that no theme of their discussion. The minis- Mohammedan can come in touch with ters declared that the new government them without becoming well acquaintproposes to give perfect liberty to all, ed with the tenets of Christianity, including Catholics, Protestants, Jews while to the Christian colporteurs the and those of no faith, and that they compliment is paid that "nothing realize that the methods of Protestants seems to discourage them." The tracts can be of help in the establishment of distributed by the Christian missionthat perfect liberty. They exprest aries are declared to be attractively themselves as thoroughly appreciating written, well printed, and beautifully the great assistance which the missions illustrated, "but every story and every of our Church can render to Portugal essay," complains the anti-Christian in making good citizens of the many writer, "contains their Christian docthousands of native Africans in Por- trines, tho it may deal with the comtl!guese territory.-Warld Wide M is- mon things of life."

SlOns. SOUTH AFRICA What Mohammedans Say About Chris- Evangelizing the Basutotl tian Missions Eighty years ago Moshesh, king of the Basutos, sent for missionaries, In Der Sudan Pioneer, Miss A. von "men of peace," to come to his coun- Sommer tells of a book published in try. Then, heathenism and gross ig- Egypt entitled "El Kol El Mubin Fe norance reigned, and even cannibalism Irrad ala El Mubesserin El Ingiliyin," was to be found. There are now in (meaning "Statement of Facts in An- Basutoland day schools with 300 swer to Evangelical Preachers"). Its teachers at work. Seventeen fully author is a Mohammedan from Cairo. qualified native pastors are to be Except the two first chapters, the book found there in the charge of churches, is nothing but a statement of the beau- while 210 mission-stations are cared ties of Christianity and Mohammedan- for by evangelists. Of the faithful·· ism; but the second chapter, addrest ness of the workers results speak, to Mohammedans everywhere, shows 2,100 conversions having been reso clearly what impression the small ported at the April Conference, 19IO, Christian efforts among Moham- as the in-gatherings of one year. Out medans are making that we give here of a population of 400,000, Christianits main points. Christian activity, ity now claims 100,000 direct or inaccording to the Mohammedan au- direct adherents, and of these 4,500 thor, consists in the sacrifice of money have joined the Scripture Reading for the twofold purpose of imparting Union. The Christian Basutos have knowledge concerning Mohammedan learned to give. This is looked upon religion and lands to Christians every- by them as an essential of churchwhere, and of imparting Christian membership, and i4,(X)O a year is conknowledge to Mohammedans. In tributed by them for the upkeep of the Egypt "they educate and instruct the mission. people in five different ways: ( I ) Through schools, and churches connected with them; (2) Through

GENERAL MISSIONARY

"You Might Give U. Some Rain" might be no burden to him while III.!

It is difficult to follow the workings was training."

of the heathen mind. For instance, Flight from the Tsetse Fly many of the Wadabida, in the Taita country, still believe that white people During the past three months possess the power of giving or with- (writes Mr. J. Cameron Scott), imholding the rain. In thL early days of portant changes have been made with the mission this belief led to Mr. regard to the natives and the chances Wray being accused of causing a fam- of infection with tsetse fly (or sleepine in the country, and it is still a ing-sickness), which has affected our Mbereshi station to maorgereiamtpoerxtatennct~ source of embarrassment. Mr. R. A. making it one of far Maynard (of the Victoria Church Missionary Association), wrote from as far as mission work is concerned. Mbale: A movement was ordered for all vil- As I was going through my district one day I saluted a couple of women lages within three or four miles of the who were busy cultivating in their gardens. In reply to my question about known fly area, to be cleared along the Luapula in the Mweru division.

As a consequence, some thousands of their welfare, they said they were well, people have and are being moved, and but that their crops were drying up for want of rain, and added, "You might give we have within a radius of about 12 us some rain." I stopt, and tried tQ or 13 miles an increase of popUlation show them that only God could do that, amounting to about 7,500 people.

but they remained un convinced, as when Along Mofore there are now village'> I left them to resume my journey, they sent this parting shot after me: "Well, being established, which bring over you might give us :I. little drop, any 4,000 people within IO miles of Mbeway." reshi. From the Lufubu River on the A Zulu Evangelist southwest side to Kasembes village we will have another 3,500 or more, Writing from Mitsidi, Mr. Alex- and along the north bank of the Mbeander Hamilton, of the Zambesi In- reshi, about 800 people.

dustrial Mission, shows that a true Sleepin&, Sickneu a Bar to Miuions evangelistic spirit stirs in the breasts of converted natives. By way of il- The Scottish Free Church has a lustration, he says: "Zihlagahlaga was mission in Livingstonia, and from that a tall, thin, kindly, helpful Zulu. He field Rev. Donald Fraser writes: seemed to wear a perpetual smile, as "During the past year the dreaded if Jesus' love had filled his whole be- scourge of sleeping sickness has been ing with gladness and light, brighter creeping nearer and nearer to the than his own African sun! Hearing sphere in which the Livingstonia misof my need of an interpreter when I sion works. It has gript some of the began work among the Kafirs of populations of northeastern Rhodesia, South Africa, he volunteered his as- and a few victims have been found si~tance, and for three years or so, here and there within the Nyasaland Without money and without price, .Protectorate; but these were lads who gave it willingly, and was my constant had traveled or worked in the stricken companion in all aggressive work areas, and a government doctor, who among the natives. After I left South was attending these isolated cases, has Africa, he went into a training-insti- fallen a martyr to duty. Last year the tute,. paying all his own expenses, to administration, with true paternal qualify as an evangelist to his own care for its peoples, closed the bound- people, away in Zululand, where he ary between Rhodesia and Nyasa- said: 'MyoId father lives, still in land, and began earnest efforts to ar- G:lrkness and sin; to him I want to rest the progress of the scourge into take the light.' His wife, of like spirit the Protectorate. In the north the to himself, took in boarders, that she boundary was absolutely closed, and

immediately Karonga and the Institu- ing course, that the three-fold increase tion had to give up all their Hinter- in the medical and educational misland work." sionary staff, called for by the World Missionary Conference at Edinburgh, Fruit of a Century may be brought about."

It is nearly a hundred years since Over 200 were ill attendance inclu- Moffat and Hamilton began work as ding speakers and delegates. Of this representatives of the London Mis- number, twenty were Volunteers, and sionary Society in Bechuanaland, and before the conference closed thirtyfor over thirty years natives of that four more had signed the Declaration, country have been trained as evan- while twenty others had definitely gelists. Only now, however, has Ule committed themselve~ to the same purfirst Bechuana been admitted to the pose, but must wait a ·year or so in ministry. The native Christians have order to be of a required age before long been asking for this; and last year signing. it was decided to send two of the evangelists, trained. at Kuruman, for A number of the students had made a year's further training at Tiger a study of the Moslems in South KIoof. One of these men, Mapha- Africa and discovered that there are kela Lekalake, a native of Molepolole, about 40,000. The spirit of the conwas ordained at Kuruman on October ference was quiet and definite and 23, the officiating ministers being Prin- purposeful, and to a certain extent cipal Willoughby, of Tiger Kloof, Rev. was a harvest of the greatly enlarged W. R. McGee, of Taungs, and Rev. missionary interest of the past two J. T. Brown, of Kuruman. The first years in that Movement.-The Stu- Bechuana minister is described as in dent World. every sense a strong man. His ancestors were men of position in the The New Governor-General of Bakwena tribe, among whom Dr. Livingstone spent his early years in South Madagascar Africa. His father was chief medicine man, Sechuana, Livingstone's friend; At last the French Government has indeed, his forebears have exercised appointed a successor to the former that office for generations back. Governor-General of Madagascar, Mr. Augagneur, who persecuted and op- A South Africa Student Conference prest all Protestant evangelistic and missionary efforts within the great A missionary conference of great island so violently during his tenure power was recently held at Graaff of office. The new Governor-General Reinet, South Africa. The need of is Mr. Picquie, who has been connected Africa and the urgency of the Mos- with the Colonial Office for some time. lem menace were laid very powerfully He is described as an experienced adupon the students, and they unani- ministrator of tact and justice, so that mously and eagerly passed this resolu- we may hope for a time of quiet and tion: "In view of the facts presented aggressive work for the much-tried to the Conference of the Students' Protestant missionaries in Madagas- Christian Association of South Africa, car. It has been announced that Mr. be it resolved, that we express our con- Picqui expected to sail for Madagasviction that in order to meet the need car on October roth. of African heathenism, and to face the Moslem onslaught in this continent, Hope in Madagascar the cause of our Lord Jesus Christ urgently and immediately requires a The hopeful anticipations recently great increase in the number of Stu- exprest in these columns concerning dent Volunteers for the mission field, the work of God in Madagascar are and espec;ally of those who iutend to being happily realized. The dark rule take the full medical or normal train- of M. Augagneur is ended, and it is satisfactory to learn, on the authority of the L. M. S. Chronicle, that his

ENERAL MISSIONARY

stern policy of repression "is not ap- EAST AFRICA proved by the French Government." The new interim governor is M. Henri Fifty Years' Growth in Uganda Cor, who hails from Tahiti, where he was governor for five years, winning The History of the planting and high respect for his fair and upright growth of the Christian Church in dealing. He also showed sympathy Africa embraces countless stories of with all those things that made for romance and heroism. Fifty years the good of the people. The mission- ago the home churches were thrilled ary organ goes on to say: "We re- with the discoveries of Livingstone; joice in this appointment, foreshadow- later came the story of the martyred ing, as it does, a new and better day Bishop Hannington; twenty years ago for Madagascar, and we are sure that the life of the missionary engineer the missionaries and the native work- Mackay was read widely, and· now ers will give to M. Henri Cor the wel- Bishop Tucker tells of a development come and sympathy to which his past of independence among peoples but record and his present work entitle recently crusht by slavery and superhim." He left France for his new stition that is phenomenal. In Uganda, appointment-happy omen i-on the says Bishop Tucker, there is now a morning of Christmas day. self-supporting and self-governing Church, with 1,700 churches, 2,500 Superstition Decreasing in T ogoland native teachers, and over 70,000 com- municants. They had built their own One of the missionaries of the cathedral, and, in September last, it North German Missionary Society in was destroyed by fire. The natives Togoland, West Africa, writes in the were determined to build another of Society's M onats-Blatt: "In Klonu a more durable character in its place. stands a large tree which the people and had resolved to raise iro,ooo toworship. Everyone believes that the ward the cost, each person giving actree, which they call their god Azago, cording to his or her means, the gives unto them children, fruit, and contribution of the chiefs being 40 possessions of all kinds. Thus the per cent. of their rent-roll. people wait until the priests announce that the god will eat yams on a certain Bishop Tucker and Uganda day. Everyone prepares for that day, the rich by buying sheep, goats, and Bishop Tucker has recently been pigs, the poor by buying chicken. All appointed as successor of Canon Nickthese animals are sacrificed, and after son at Durham, England. In the course prayer by a priest to Azago, everyone of a recent interview the Bishop comis permitted to eat yams. A heathen pared the condition of Uganda to-day feast of seven or eight days, with with that which obtained when he much dancing, follows. One year a went there. "Christianity," he said, pupil in the missionary school ate "is fast taking root among the Bayams without permission of the priest, ganda. Twenty-one years ago, heaand his distracted parents and rela- thenism and savagery overspread the tions waited for his and their death. land, but such practises are impossible But the pupil prospered and grew fat, to-day. This I attribute to the work and none of his kindred died. The of the Christian missionaries and the next year all the pupils of the mis- enlightened policy of the British Govsionary school ate yams before the ernment and its administrators. In priest had granted the permission of 1890 there were only 200 Christians the god, and none perished. Fron. in the territory; now there are over that time on the power of the heathen 70,000. In r890 they had only one priests decreased, and when one of the church; now we have over 1,700. Then priests died last June, some of the there were very few children under elders decided to forsake their dead educational instruction; to-day we god and follow the Almighty. have over 50,000 children on our day- school registers."

A Notable Confirmation in Uganda stration of the sacrament, and an- nounced the fact in the services of the Rev. W. E. Owen writes in the next Lord's day with thanksgiving. C. M. S. Gazette: September 6th the At the close of the services a number Bishop came for a confirmation. We of other young men, and, especially presented amout 40 candidates from gratifying, a heathen woman and sevdistricts outside Gayaza, and about eral young girls declared their desire 120 of our own. One was a poor to be instructed and baptized. Five leper woman, and there were several of these were added to the candidates others whose stories were extremely for baptism, so that there are now interesting. One was an old Munyoro nine of them in all, and the others woman, captured when a little girl, in were organized into two inquirer's one of the raiding expeditions of the classes, one for male, the other for Baganda. I think she was a con- female inquirers. Such reports after vincing example of the intellectually the comparatively short time of work, dulling effect of slavery. Another was are most encouraging. a Muganda woman whose husband was killed for some trifling offense, The number of stations of the soand she and her two children were ciety in Ruanda is now five. To them separated and given into s1avery. have been added two new ones out- When the Baganda freed their house- side of Ruanda. The one is located hold slaves, she obtained her freedom, upon the island of Idschwi in the Lake as did also her children, with one of of Kivu, which belongs to the Belgian whom she is now living. Kongo (tho Germany claims it). It will prove a great aid to any work to Growth in Portuguese East Africa be undertaken in the eastern part of the Kongo State in the future, and the The Rev. William C. Terril, of In· missionaries have been received by the hambane, East Central Africa, writes: natives with great kindness. The other "We have enrolled now on the In- new station is located in Bukoba, at hambane District 2,218 members and Lake Nyassa. It is especially improbationers, 1,719 Sunday – school portant for the work in Ruanda, bescholars, 1,293 day-school pupils, 50 cause supplies can be easily sent from boys and 18 girls in training, with over it. A number of native Christians, 2,000 adherents who are being pre- fruits of the efforts of faithful mispared for admission 0n probation. sionaries in Uganda and in other parts That we need more workers and of Central Africa, quickly gathered money to meet the crying desires of around the missionaries in Bukoba amI nearly 3,000,000 souls goes without organized a native congregation. saying. A fact of importance is that our members, from the meager wage A New Mission in Urundi of ten cents a day for men and eight cents a day for women, gave last year A German missionary society has for self-support $500." lately decided to occupy the land of Urundi, in German East Africa, Good News from Africa which is seriously threatened by Is- lam and is about to be entered by The German East Africa Mission- Rome. They take up this work at ary Society's missionaries entered the the urgent invitation of another Gerkingdom of Ruanda in 1907. Many man society who occupy the adjoining difficulties and obstacles had to be met, district of Ruanda. Two experienced but the work was encouraging from African laborers have been sent upon its beginning. N ow the first fruits a tour of inspection into the land of have appeared in the station Kirinda. Urundi, preparatory to the actual Four young men came to Missionary opening up of their mission stations Johanssen one day and asked to be there. baptized. He accepted them for instruction preparatory to the admini-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 47

AMERICA The Republic of France will send its messengers to the RepUblic of Ameri- Greatest Gifts in Its History ca. Men of all races and tongues will meet in fraternal fellowship. It Not long ago two of the officers of will be especially significant that Ruthe Board arrived in Boston bringing manians, Bulgarians, Bohemians, $1,000,000 in securities, the most no- Letts, Esthonians, and Poles, with table gift ever made to the American men from the heart of Old Russia, Board and one of the great gifts to will sit, stand, speak, and pray side by foreign missions in all history. It was side. Japan, China, India, and Africa given as an endowment for the higher wiii together kneel at the throne of educational work in the Board's col- God. Portugal, Spain, and Italy will leges and theological seminaries in its send men of the Latin races to meet twenty missions. The name of the their linguistic brethren of Mexico, donor is withheld from public an- Central America, and South America. nouncement at present, but it is one Swedes, Norwegians, and Hollanders of America's great names in philan- from their mother countries will greet thropy and missions. The committee their brethren, now American citizens. have for many months been collecting data, and have determined the use of Growing Interest in the Negro'. Welfare the income for the next year. Critical needs of many years' standing can In the past five years there has been now. be partially met. PracticalIy all a remarkable growth of interest on the of the Board's seminaries and colleges part of the Southern white people in will receive substantial aid. – Quar- improving the moral and spiritual conterly Bulletin. dition of the negroes. This develop- ment of interest is shown by the America and Work for Lepers attitude of the secular press, and nota- bly so in the articles which have The "Mission to Lepers in India appeared in the Atlanta Constitution and the East" is each year spending for several years. Two thousand stuover $30,000 to help American mis- dents in Southern colleges are this sions among lepers, but thus far year taking up, in their mission-study American Christians have contributed classes, the study of a text-book, "Nelittle of this amount. Now commit- gro Life in the South," written by Dr. tees are being formed in New York, W. D. Weatherford.-Christian Ob- Boston and elsewhere to promote in- server. terest in this important and Christ-like Origin of the Mission Band work. Dr. William J. Schieffelin is The idea of setting the children to chairman, Mr. Fleming H. Revell is work for missions originated with treasurer, and Mr. W. M. Danner is Mrs. Samuel E. Warner of the Wosecretary of the American committee. man's Missionary Union in the year At a recent meeting of men in Boston 1861. Six years later there were 100 another local committee was formed mission bands scattered throughout with Hon. Samuel B. Capen as chair- the country. In six or seven years man. American Christians should more the number had increased to 270, gladly give their share toward the sup- in 20 States of the Union, and in 125 port of this noble work. cities and towns.

The Baptist World Alliance A Phenomenal Assemblage The Baptist W orId Alliance which Oberlin has a cosmopolitan club will meet in June next, in Philadel- whose members are composed almost phia, will mark an era in the history wholly of students from the various of the Baptist denomination. The departments of the institution, from Alliance will be attended by men from the academy to the theological semiall parts of the world, Canada, Aus- nary. At a recent meeting of the club tralia, New Zealand, Great Britain, about 40 were present, and representand all parts of the vast British Empire will join hands and touch hearts.

ing these 17 nationalities: American in the medical and educational fields (Indian), Armenian, Bohemian," Bul- as well. In the higher education their garian, Chinese, German, Greek, Hun- lead is almost a monopoly. Of fourgarian, Japanese, Negro, Porto Rican, teen Protestant colleges and universi- Persian, Scotch, Solvak, Swedish, ties, only one is maintained by the Turk, and Welsh. The evening wa<; British; the rest are American or mainly given to social intercourse, tho union. The English missionary at the several sang hymns or national airs head of Shansi University declared: which they had learned in the land of "British missionaries, with British their birth. Needless to say, Anglo- conservatism, have held too much to Saxon forms of speech sufficed for all the idea that their office is to evanas a means of communication, and gelize and heal, not to enlighten the Anglo-Saxon hospitality was thor- mind. But the American has also apoughly appreciated by all. plied himself directly to the root of China's pressing temporal need, and Emigration of Negroes to Canada spent a hundred times as much money -nay, more-on education as British During a single week recently go missions have done."

families of negroes, soo persons in all, Tercentenary Celebration started from Okfusgee County, Okla- The celebration of the tercentenary homa, for Canada, intending to take of the publication of the King James up quarter sections of farming land Version of the English Bible took in the Canadian Northwest. Press place in England on Wednesday, dispatches say that many more ne- March 29. At a great mass-meeting groes are known to be preparing for in Albert Hall, Mr. Asquith, Prime a like move, and there are indications Minister, and the Archbishop of Canthat there will be a general exodus, terbury, Primate of all England, especially from the counties of Ok- spoke, as also did the American amfusgee, Muskogee and Creek. Many bassador, Whitelaw Reid. President of the emigrants are of those educated Taft made a notable contribution to in the government school for Indians. the occasion in the message whiC;h he They are leaving Oklahoma because forwarded and Mr. Reid presented: of their dissatisfaction with the "It affords me very great pleasure "grandfather law," which prevents to present through Mr. Reid my contheir voting, and also with other laws gratulations to those who in the which provide for separation of the mother country are commemorating so races in passenger coaches, waiting signal a historic event as the publicarooms and schools. The present em- tion of the King James Version of the igration follows a recent decision of English Bible. This Book of books the Canadian Government on the has not only reigned supreme in Engquestion of admitting immigrants. land for three centuries, but has bound Under that decision negro families together as nothing else could two whose members possess five dollars great Anglo-Saxon nations, one in each expect to be admitted without blood, in speech, and in a common reo trouble. ligious life. Our laws, our literature and our social life owe whatever ex- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN cellence they possess largely to the influence of this, our chief classic, ac- English versus American Missions knowledged as such equally on both sides of the sea. Americans must Prof. E. A. Ross, of the University therefore with unfeigned satisfaction of Wisconsin, after a recent trip join in thanksgiving to the God of the through China, writes thus in the Bible who has thus bound together March Century : Very striking is the the Old and New 'vVorlds by so precontrast between the English mission cious a tie. I can speak, I am sure, work and the American. The English missionaries center their efforts largelyon translating and evangelizing, while the Americans have done much

I9II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

for my fellow countrymen in con- Baptist, and Wesleyan Methodist Mis- gratulating you on so significant a sionary Societies combined has been commemoration. so successful that the board has re- cently determined to continue the pol- "V1LLIAM H. TAFT." icy of holding these in centers where it is agreed that such an effort would The Bible in Many Tongues be more successful than an exhibition held by one society alone. ~he~e a~e The diversity of tongues to be found towns where no one denOmlI1atlOn IS in one country is often a matter of predominantly strong, but where, by surprize. Last year the British and a combination, a successful effort Foreign Bible Society's agent~ sold could be made. The success of the the Scriptures in 53 languages 111 t~e exhibitions at Peterborough, Middles- Russian Empire, in 28 languages .m borough, and Hull has been such that Burma, in over 30 in South Malays:a, the board feels warranted in its action, in 53 in the Egyptian Agency, while and we understand that the United in Capetown the Bible woman also Exhibitions Committee will shortly be solei copies in 14 different. langu~ges. considering suggestions for organizing The various Bible societies pnnted United Exhibitions in other towns, and and distributed 13,000,000 copies of we can wish them nothing better than the Word of God last year, and pri- that the efforts of the future may b(' vate publishers 2,000,?OO mor.e. It is as successful as those of the past." estimated that the Scnptures, 111 whole or in portion, are available to seven To Inspect. the Kongo Situation out of every ten persons in the whole world in speech which they can com- The organ of the Baptist Missionprehend. ary Society states that Mr. and Mrs.

Britain'. Drink Bill T. H. Harris, formerly of the Kongo The return of industrial prosperity 13alolo Mission, are going out to has increased the national drink bill of investigate and report upon the actual England by over $ro,ooo,ooo, the en?r- progress made in Kongo reforms. mous total of over $750,000,000 bemg They go as the represent',ltives of t~e reached. This is not as discouraging Anti-Slavery Society. Time and cIras would at first sight appear, for cumstances will necessarily determine under such conditions the increase the extent to which they will be able would naturally have been much to extend their travels into districts larger. The average expenditure was where hitherto Protestant missionaries over $15.00 per head of the popula- have not been able to penetrate. In tion. A few years ago this was much most of the districts where our white higher. The consut;Jption of ~pirits men are living, or can itinerate, there has been steadilv fallmg off, oWing to is improvement; but twice within rethe increase in the price. The increas- cent months our missionaries at Upoto ing sobriety of the nation has n?t have had brought to them from the been without its effect on the publ1c district of Boclala reports of grave health. In 1900, the expenditure per abuses and cruel treatment of the nacapita was $22.00, and the deaths due tives by rubber agents. Our kee11 to alcoholism were 8,277; but last desire is to see the whole country year, when the average expenditure opened up by the entry of Protestant was $15.00, the deaths due to alco~ol­ missionaries, who are always the ism were only 5,000. Thus 3,000 hves friends, and sometimes the only were saved on a greatly increased friends, of the people. Applications population. for the new sites for new Baptist Missionary Society stations on the United Exhibitions upper waters of the river, which have been so long withheld, have lately Says the Chronicle, the organ of the been renewed. London Missionary Society: "The experiment of holding United. Exhibitiolls, in which our own society, the

THE CONTINENT ciety, which is laboring successfully in English and German East Africa Planning Better Things for the Kongo and in India, where it is the successor to the old Danish-Halle Mission; ana The Belgian Protestant Missionary the North German Missionary Society, Committee has appointed the Rev. which has an extensive and prosper- Henri Anet as a special deputy to visit ous work in Togoland, West Africa. the Kongo for the purpose of inspect- We tender heartiest congratulations ing the work of the missions, and and prayerful wishes to these Gerreporting on the best way in which his man colaborers. countrymen and fellow Protestants may further the evangelization of Jews Flocking to Christ their country's dependency. M. Anet has been assured of the sympathetic Dr. Ignatz Zalson, of Wien, Auscooperation of our missionaries in his tria, a well-known learned Jew, in a important task. Our Belgian assistant lecture stated that a large number of missionary at Yakusu, M. Lambotte, Jews have been received into the will probably accompany M. Anet in Christian Church during the last censome of his journeys.-Missionary tury. From 1800 to 1900 not less than Herald. 204,000 Jews left their religion and embraced Christianity. The following Away from Rome in Austria countries are represented: In Ger- many, 22,000 Jews became Christians; Sixty thousand conversions in four- in England and her colonies, 28,000; teen years is the record of the Los in Austria-Hungary, 44,000; in Rusvon Rom movement in Austria. Be- sia, 84,000, and 13,000 in America. ginning in 1897, as a half-religious, Year by year more Jews are accepting half-political movement, protesting Christianity. In the year 1890, 300 against the unscrupulous uses which Jews in one city left their religion and the Catholic clergy were making of received Christian baptism, and in the their position to crush all who opposed same city 600 Jews became Christians ultramontane views and held to a in 1904. noxious nationalism, the movement has for some time past been a purely A Baptist Harvest in Russia religious one. The political coloring which it had at the start and which The Russian Baptist Union reports weaned many from it, has now en- 9,033 baptisms within a year among tirely disappeared, and the Roman the Russian-speaking populations of Church in Bohemia, Styria and Mo- the Empire. In Hungary during the ravia is face to face with a movement past year more than 4,000 have been growing in momentum almost daily. added to Baptist churches on confes- In 1898, it was officially announced sion of faith. Twelve new churches that 1,598 persons had left the Church and 100 preaching stations have been of Rome and had embraced the Prot- established. The church at Bekessaba, estant faith. From 1900 to 1909, the organized three years ago, has 250 official figures varied from 4,200 to members, and that at Hamrorod, less 4,600 per annum. Last year a striking than a year old, with r60 members, is advance was made, and the number conducting services at 20 out-stations. swelled to 5,200. In Rumania one evangelist baptized 280 converts last August, and during Jubilees of German Missionary Societies his whole ministry has baptized 6,000 persons. Three German missionary societies were founded in 1836, and are there- Salvation Army to Enter Russia fore able to celebrate their diamond anniversary in 1911. They are the Moscow papers declare that Gen- Gossner Missionary Society, which eral Booth has received permission to has a blest work in India, especially organize the Salvation Army in Rusamong the heathen Kols of Chota sia. Theoretically, by virtue of the Nagpur; the Leipsic Missionary So-

I9II] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Imperial Decree of 1906, full relig- had special opportunity to come in ious tolerance exists in Russia, and touch with Turks, officials as well as everyone is free to follow his own military men, and has talked with conscience; in practise, however, it many of them freely on religious mat- is very different, and unrecognized ters; and he affirms confidently that sects are persecuted, and forbidden to the field is open to us." hold meetings or to own corporate property. At present there is a wave The Jewl Returning to Their Own of religious thought and feeling in Russia, not in the city populations, but An article on Palestine in the New among a section of the educated York Independent, by Dr. Gottheil, classes, and, especially in the Volga professor of oriental languages in provinces, among the peasantry. Columbia University, declares that the Jews are going to be the real "build- The New Reformation in Poland ers of Zion." He says, "I see the signs of this in the colonies, where the The Mariavite movement in Poland colonists are striving valiantly and darstill grows. There are actually 160,- ingly with the many problems that 000 registered members of the new stare them in the face. I see it in the Church-40,000 of them being in Lodz new quarter of Jerusalem (Zikron and 20,000 in Warsaw. But the num- Moshe), the only one where an atber of adherents who are practically tempt has been made to approximate won over, yet have not taken the last European standards of hygiene, salustep, is so great that one can hardly brity and order. I see it in the new estimate them. The breach with Rome Jewish quarter of Jaffa, with its pretty came in 1906, scarcely five years ago, homes and its Hebrew 'Gymnasium.' yet we have already one of the largest I see it in the Jewish 'Technicum' that defections from Rome since the Ref- is building at Haifa. I see it in the ormation days. Nearly all the Ma- agricultural experimental station that riavite communities have, in spite of is to be erected, financed and fathdeep poverty, built fine substantial ered here in America. In a word, the churches and other parish buildings. immigrant Jews from eastern Europe, The use of Latin in the church service who have kept some of their ancient has been abandoned, the worship of ideals as leaven in their modern makesaints has ceased, the usual side altars up, are destined to be the leaders in a have been cast out of the churches and new Palestine." saint pictures from the homes. A School Project for Arabia ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Th? Intercollegian for March re- Good News from Syria ports that the project of the Univer- sity of Michigan to establish a high A missionary of the American school and future university at Busrah Board writes: "We have in Aintab, in Arabia is making good advance. within one and a half days' journey Turkish officials have granted permisfrom the hospital, at least 1,200 purely sion to start the institution and permit Mohammedan villages where nothing it to teach medicine, engineering, aghas ever been done in the way of riculture, and liberal arts, with inevangelistic work. We have had pa- struction in the Bible compulsory in tients probably from half of these vil- every course, if so desired. Three lages in the hospital, and Dr. Shepard ~eniors at Ann Arbor plan to go Qut declared he knew he should meet a in the fall of I9II to represent the warm welcome if he could go out work of the Student Christian Assoamong them. Aintab, for instance, ciation of the university. Another needs a sufficient staff to enable one physician and his wife have agreed to man to be all the time in the field as go to the assistance of Dr. Bennett, a touring evangelist. There is no in- who is already at work, as soon as difference to religious matters on the funds can be secured. The outlook part of the Turks. Dr. Shepard has

is good that the objective for January, measures are taken by other countries 1912, will be reached, namely, two en- having relations with that empire to gineers, two doctors, and two women deal with her sympathetically and in a teachers on the ground. Christian spirit, and to avoid all unjust and irritating measures in the asser- INDIA tion of treaty rights which, in many instances, have been acquired by the A Great Work for Lepers diplomacy of fraud. Perhaps the most marked change of a religious character The Mission to Lepers in India and has been the effect produced by extenthe East is both international and in- sive railroad building and operation terdenominational, one which gets on the old superstition concerning the missionaries of all evangelical mis- dragon and the danger to the empire sions to gather lepers into homes, and of digging holes in the ground promisthen pays for them. The missionary cuously lest the body of the dragon receives nothing from the mission to might be disturbed and national calepers for himself. His own boarel lamities precipitated thereby. The depays his salary. Thus it is enabling mons of earth and air and water are all the denominations of America and also being frightened away wherever Europe to share in carrying out the the railroads go by the screech of the command of our Lord. Last year it engine whistle. was entirely responsible for, or aided in the upkeep of 79 leper asylums hav- JAPAN AND KOREA ing over IO,OOO leper inmates, of whom over 3,500 are Christians, nearly Japan Surging Toward Irreligion all of whom have been baptized in the asylums. Last year, in the asylums The fiji Shimpo, which is the Lonhelped, 545 were baptized. don Times of Tokyo, says that Bud- dhism in Japan is d~c1ining, that ib A Religious Convention in India followers are only the old men and women, and that it is doubtful if it will At the recent All-India Convention any longer be of service as a living of Religions at Allahabad, 400 dele- faith. "If we should divide the nagates assembled, representing Hindu- tions of the earth according to their ism, Islam, J ainism, Zoroastrianism, religion," continues The fiji, "we Judaism, and Theosophy, and each re- should call Japan a Buddhist country, ligion was given a hir opportunity of but if we ask the Japanese young explaining its message. It was soon men of to-day as to their religiou~ evident that the Christian missionarv belief, the great majority would, withhas the opportunity of giving his me;- out doubt, reply at once that they have sage uncleI' peculiarly favorable con- none. Not only so, but we should find ditions. Two results are obvious- many of them rather glory;ing in the first, a great advance in friendliness of fact. Through the spread of the new spirit; and, secondly, the marked con- education, the intelligence of the fidence. the quiet spirituality, the lofti- people has made great advances, but, ness of tone which characterizes tht on the other hand, the religious spirit Christian message. "The one thing of our young men has practically died we would not have dispensed with," as out. When the older men die and the was remarked at the close by the younger generation comes to the front, Hindu secretary of the convention, we can not view, without alarm, the "was the Christian contribution." fact that outwardly at least Japan will be a country without a religion.- CHINA Spirit of Missions.

China No Longer Changeless Methodism in Korea The changelessness which has char- Dr. Heber Jones has recently writacterized China for ages has given ten : "We have grown from a small place to a spirit of change which group of 38 probationers in 1888 to a threatens the violent overthrow of the present social order unless special

I] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

following of between 60,000 and 70,- free of charge upon the mission funds, 000. Our three churches in Seoul and also free of debt. Further efforts had a net increase last year of over are p:-ojected, such as a girls' high 2,000 members and probationers. Some school, to be in charge of a missionof the largest Methodist churches in ary sister; the erection of a printingthe world are in Korea!" house, and the purchase of a suitable plant. During the year a connectional THE OCEAN WORLD newspaper, printed in the vernacular, has been conducted by the Rev. S. Methodist Missionary-giving Churchward, 0 Ie Fetu Ao (The Morning Star). Seven hundred copies The Australasian Methodist Church are circulated monthly among 7,0:;)0 has a missionary income of upward of people. $r75,000; to which is to be added $62, 525 received from the mission dis- The Rebellion on Ponape tricts. The increase last year wa:; upward of $r6,oao. Fuller tidings have come from the Caroline Islands as to the uprising re- Liberal Giving of Fijians ported in the REVIEW for April (page 316). According to this report, a vio- Says the Methodist Missionary Re- lent rebellion of the natives on Poview of Australasia, of the Christian nape broke out on October 18, 1910. natives in Fiji: "The liberality of the people is simply splendid. The Lau The German governor had set two Circuit gave the noble sum of iI,I71 tribes to building roads. They quarrss. rd., in addition to which they reled with their overseers, who fled to subscribed h30 for the purchase of a a Catholic church for refuge and sent district motor-boat. In two towns they word to the governor. He started at have determined to repla..e their old once to the scene of difficulty without churches with wooden structures, and any weapons or guarcl, and both he every male adult in one of the towns and his secretary were murdered. The has pledged himself to contribute at doctor left in charge .of the colony least is toward the cost of the new would have followed the governor to building, and despite their losses they the scene of the rebellion but for the are cheerfully fulfilling their promises. timely warning of a Roman Catholic Five new churches were erected dur- priest. He sent word to the Protesing the year, and a new school-room, tant tribes to come to the protection at a cost of i180. The same story of of the colony, which they did and loving liberality comes from other cir- saved them from further harm. cuits, for instance, a fine concrete church was built at Yanusa, in the The rebels had chosen a time when Suva circuit, at a cost of hoo. The no ship was in port to interfere or total population numbers only 123. carry the news; and having taken the Kadavu circuit has in it 1,7oa able·· govern.or's flag, the boat and the bodied men. They contributed £755, clothing of the men they had killed, an increase of ir20 on the previous they planned to board and capture the year, in addition to which they spent Gertllania, which was due to call at £1,000 on church building." Ponape on her way from Sydney to Hongkong in ?ovember. The colo- The Samoa Mission Self-supporting nists, learning of the plan, sent word to the ship before she came in the pas- The Samoa Mission has passed sage, and s.o frustrated the attempt. from the dependent stage and is now The Ger11lania carried the tidings to self-supporting. Not only has it paid New Guinea, ancl soon four men-ofthe stipends of the white mission- war were on the scene. The rebels aries, but it has also purchased land were defeated and 250 were captured and erected very substantial buildings and transported. The rebellion was at considerable cost, including a very crusht, and expresses, it is hoped, fine mission-house at Gagaemalae, all

that this will be the last· uprising on Wm. T. Bolton of North Africa Ponape. Mr. Wm. T. Bolton of the North Ponape is no longer a mission field Africa Mission, died in Tripoli on of the American Board, having been February I lth, at the age of 43. He passed over to the Germans with the went to Morocco in 1897, and assisted other work in the Carolines. The in the Tullock Memorial Hospital In conduct of that heroic leader of the Tangier, and in 1908 went to Tripoli Protestant community, Henry Nane- to take charge of the dispensary. His pei, during the trouble is specially loss is keenly felt by all the European praised in the report, as is that of Mr. community, as well as by the natives Hugenschmidt, the first of the Ger- to whom he ministered. man Protestant missionaries to enter the field. SUMMER CONFERENCES OBITUARY NOTES Among the many interesting and important conferences to be held dur- Rev. Daniel Jone. of Agra, India ing the summer months are the fol- lowing: The death of Rev. Daniel Jones on March 27 marks the passing of a dIS- On summer work in churches and the tinguished missionary, who rendered open air. Moody Church, Chicago, June faithful service in India for 35 years. 6-8, 1911. His first sphere was at Benares. From there he went to Agra, where he was Young People's Missionary Movement instrumental in doing a great work. After three years in Patna, he re- Asheville, N. C., June 30·July 9. turned, in 1896, to Agra. Whitby, Ontario, July 3·10. Knowlton, Quebec, July 12·19. Woodstock, Ontano, July 17·24. Silver Bay, N. Y., July 11·20. Lake Geneva, Wis., July 21·30. Cascade, Colo., August 4·13.

Mias Grace Wilder of India CONVENTIONS AND GENERAL CONFERENCES Another of a famous missionary family has given her life for India. Men's Missionary Conference Miss Wilder, who died at Islampur, West India, on April 19th, was the Silver Lake, :N. Y., August 5·10. daughter of Rev. Royal G. Wilder, the founder of the MISSIONARY REVIEW. International Missionary Union (free entertain- She was born in 1861, and went to ment for all missionaries), Clifton Springs, N. Y., India in 1887 as a missionary of the May 31·June 6. Presbyterian Church. There she later established an independent work called. The International Sunday·school Convention, the "Village Settlement." Her devo- San Francisco, June 20·27. tion to the people of India was undying, and many times she .1~st her Universal Races Congress. University of Lon· health, but never thought of glVlng up. don, England, July 26·29. G. Spiller, organizer. Her influence led many others into the field, and large numbers of frien.ds Young Men'. Christian A.sociation and converts will mourn her loss. MISS Wilder's brother, Robert P. Wilder, Rocky Mountain Student Conference, Estes now represents the Student Volunteer Movement among English university Park, Colo., June 9·18. Middle Atlantic fitttdftlt Conference, Pocono Pines, Pa., June 14·22. Lake Geneva Student Conference, Williams Bay, Wis., June 16·25. Lake Erie Stude..t Conference, Linwood Park, 0., June 16·25. Pacific Northwest Student Conference, Colum· bia Beach, Ore., June 16·25. Southern Student Conference, Montreat, N. c., June 16·25. Northfield Student Conference, East Northfield, Mass, June 23·July 2.

men. Young Women's Christian Association Bishop Holly of Haiti Southern Conference, Asheville. N. C., June 9·19. Rev. James T. Holly, D.D., bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Southwestern Conference, Eureka Springs, Ark., Haiti, West Indies, died on March June 13·23. 13th at the age of 82. He was the first negro bishop of the American Eastern Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y., June 20·30. Church. Western Conference, Cascade, Colo., June 20-30. Northwestern Conference, Breakers, Wash., June 23·July 3. East Central Student Conference, Granvil1e, 0., August 22·September 1. Central Stunent Conference, Williams Bay, Wis., August 26·September 4. Lake Joseph Student Conference, Elgin House, Muskoka, Ontario, June 23·July 3. MISSIONS AND MODERN THOUGHT. By Wm. FROM HAUSALAND TO EGYPT. By Karl W. O. Carver, M.A., Th.D. 12mo. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1910. Kumm, Ph.D. Illustrated. Bvo, 324 pages. 16s, net. Constable & Co., Lon- Dr. Carver is already known as the don, 1910. author of "Missions in the Plan of the Ages" and as professor of mis- This is an entertaining and valuable sions in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. The present vol- account of a remarkable journey ume is an answer to the modern spirit of skepticism. It deals with the rela- across Africa through the Sudan. Dr. tions of the modern missionary enterprise to the thoughts of the present Kumm is founder and director of day. the Sudan United Mission, and his This is a thoughtful and thoughtprovoking study Christianity is shown journey was taken to spy out the land to be a missionary religion, the cause of the present civilization and educa- for future mission stations. He distion is Christianity and the hope of the future is the extension of Chris- covered much that is of value geotianity. Missions are now in the limelight, and are not only subject to the graphically, ethnically, and religiously. objections of the ignorant but to the criticisms of the intelligent. Modern He found over thirty tribes whose thought demands more than a dog·· matic statement of faith, more than languages have not been reduced to blind obedience to a command, more ·than a general desire to convert the writing. The Mohammedan traders heathen. Modern thought demands facts as to the present conditions, are going among them and winning forces and results. Weak workers are subjected to harsh criticism, uneco- over whole villages, but the Christian nomical and unpractical methods are denounced, lack of unity in Christian missionaries are still shut out. forces is shown to be short-sighted and inconsistent. Modern thought de· There is much of interest from an mands theological convictions with charity toward honest dissenters, explorer'S and traveler's standpoint; warm-hearted enthusiasm tempered with sane methods and careful plan- there are descriptions of an elephant ning, generous support with good business management and a conserva- hunt, of peculiar customs, and of tion of results. strange peoples. History, anthropol- Dr. Carver rightly holds that while the methods and even the emphasis ogy and politics are touched upon. on missions must change the basis, purpose and power of missions is The great danger and problem of the eternal, as God is eternal. Christ came to establish His Kingdom in all country is Islam. The Mohammedans the earth by the power of the Holy Spirit. To this work he has called are aggressive, fearless and cunning. His disciples to give themselves and all that they have. Until the work is The story of this journey is stiraccomplished loyal Christians must devote their best ability. and forces to ring, and is in itself a plea for misthe task. sionary work among these neglected peoples. . • :~~ THE SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RE- LIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE. Edited by Samuel McAUley Jackson, D.D. Complete in 12 volumes. 4to. Funk & Wagnalls Company, 19II.

Universal knowledge is difficult to obtain even in a single field of investi- gation, but the result of an immense amount of investigation and thought has been placed at the disposal of students and all interested in religious subjects by this great work based on the third edition of the German en- cyclopedia of Hauck and Herzog. More than six hundred scholars and specialists have assisted in the prep- aration of this new series of volumes. Its subjects embrace all the fields of Biblical lore and religious thought- historical, doctrinal and practical. The important articles are signed so that a man's viewpoint may be considered in estimating the value of his opinion.

As might be expected, the modern dresses, observations and intercourses. critical positions in reference to the Its chief value lies in the view given Bible are accepted as a basis for the of the Chnrch Missionary Society articles-the composite and traditional work in some of the leading centers authorship of the Pentateuch; but of Asia. Hac! anyone but a bishop most of the Old Testament characters written the diary, it would be unare accepted as historic. noticed.

This encyclopedia is especially rich NEW BOOKS in biographical material and the bibliography appended to each article is GOD'S PLAN FOR WORLD REDEMPTION. An particularly complete as to European publications. The subheadings make Outline Study of the Bible and Missions. the subjects easy for reference. There is a very snccessful attempt to present By Charles R. Watson. Illustrated, various views on disputed subjects in a spirit of truth and fairness so that I2mo. 225 pages. Board of Foreign Misthe stur~ent may form his own conclusions. This is especially true of sions of the United Presbyterian Church doctrinal discu ssions. of North America, Philadelphia. 'Nhile the subject of missions has not a large place in the encyclopedia, THE PEACE PROBLEM. The Task of the it is dealt with in fair proportion. Work in various countries and by Twentieth Century. By Frederick different denominations is outlined, but in few cases is brought clown to Lynch. With an Introduction by Andrew date. Carnegie. 12mo, 127 pages. 75 cents The subj ect of missions to the net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. heathen occupies twenty-five pages, and is an exccllent epitome of the sub- THE NEW TESTAMENT OF Hrr;HER BUDject by the late Gustave Warneck. DHISM. By Timothy Richards. $2.00. We know of no other encyclopedia so scholarly and so fair, so compre- Charles Scribner's Sons. New York. hensive and so readable as this series of volumes. There may be errors SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS and omissions of facts but they are comparatively unimportant; there are OF BORNEO. By Edward H. Gomes. Illusno doubt, views presented that are open to criticism but they are fairly trated, 8vo. 343 pages. $3.50 net. J. B. given with an opportunity for com- Lippincott Co.. Philadelphia. parison with other opinions. The work is not intended as an infallible REGILDING THE CRESCENT. By F. G. Aftalo. guide to the uninformed but is of real value to students of every creed. Illustrated, 8vo, 309 pages. J. n. Lip- FROM JAPAN TO JERUSALEM. By Rev. E. pincott Co., Philadelphia. Graham Ingham. Illustrated. 8vo. 232 pages. Church Missionary Society, ORIENTAL CAlRO. The City of the "Ara- London, 191 I. bian Nights." By Douglas Sladen. Illus- The Bishop's diary of his journey across Europe and Siberia, through trated, 8vo, 391 pages. $5.00 net. J. B. Japan, parts of China, India, Egypt and Palestine is more personal than Lippincott Co.. Philadelphia. popular in its style. It gives a detailed account of visits to mission stations AN AMERICAN BRIDE IN PORTO RICO. By of the Church Missionary Society, with welcomes, demonstrations, ad- Marian Blythe. Illustrated, 12mo, 205 pages. $1.00 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

ON TRAIL AND RAPID BY DOC-SLED AND CANOE. The Story of Bishop Bompas's Life Among the Red Indians and the Eskimo. Told for Boys and Girls. By the Rev. H. A. Cody, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 202 pages. $1.00 net. J. B. Lip- pincott Co., Philadelphia.

SOULS IN ACTION. Studies of Christianity Militant Expanding the Narrative of Twice-Born Men. By Harold Begbie.

12mo. $1.25 net. Hodder & Stoughton, New York.

THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN KOREA. By Malcolm C. Fenwick. Illustrated, 12mo.

$1.00 net. Hodder & Stoughton, New York.

TURKESTAN: The Heart of Asia. By Wil- liam Eleroy Cnrtis. With Illustrations from Photographs, by John T. McCutch- eon. 8vo. $2.00 net. Hodder & Stough- ton, New York.

THE NIGER AND THE WEST SUDAN: The Vest African's Note-Book. By Captain A. J. N. Tremaeze, F.R.G.S. 8vo. $2.00 net. Hodder & Stoughton, N ew York.

THE LSIGi rHTREoRb eSrItDEA nOdF e rMs oyn , OFKFIcC.InA.L LIFK. By 8vo.

$3.50 net. Hodder & Stoughton.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1911

AT THE MISSIONARY CONFERENCE ON WORK AMONG MOSLEMS, LUCKNOW, INDIA, JANUARY 23- 28

8VIissionary Cf(eview

of the World PubUshed by Funk and Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Funk:J.~~sE.~u'it~~:l~~.xice-Pre8.. Robert J. Cuddihy, Treaa., ltObArt Scott, ~"'J, VOL. XXXIV. No.4 APRIL, 1911 VOL. XXIV. NC). 4 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE NEW NATIONAL ANTI-OPIUM claiming thousands of victims a day MOVEMENT IN CHINA because of the floods that have de- stroyed the crops. The cause of fam- A new awakening seems to be ine is thus very different from the spreading over China in regard to the opium evil, and a National Anti-opium cause in India, where it is due to lack Society has been formed, with head- of rain. Some engineering must be quarters at Peking. This society plans done in China, building dikes and con- to cooperate with the Government in trolling the watercourses, if famines the efforts to stop the growth, impor- from this cause are to be prevented. tation and use of opium. Now horror is added to horror by In view of the near approach of the devastations of bubonic plague, the next conference at the Hague, especially in Manchuria. Dead strew efforts are being made to have inter- the road sides, and there is danger national regulation of the traBic. that the plague may spread westward Opium should be used for medical through Siberia into Europe. purposes only, and every nation should Missionaries are rendering untir- prohibit its importation and sale. ing and self-sacrificing aid. risking The Chinese Government is evi- their lives to care for the sufferers dently in earnest about this reform. from both famine and plague. Thou- and among the people themselves sands of dollars have already been there is a growing sentiment against sent from American Christians to the evil. Decided progress has been help carryon the work of relief, but made in carrying out the imperial thousands more are needed if a frac- edict of 1906. China now seeks tion of the millions in danger are to British consent to shorten the period be saved. One dollar will keep a when opium may be imported from man alive for a month, and three dol- India. China's national assembly is lars will save a life until early har- much interested in this movement, and vests enable the people to save them- one of the leaders of the Anti-opium selves.

Society is a prominent member of Dr. Samuel Cochran, a missionary the Assembly. Is 19I I too soon to physician from H wai Y uen, writes save China from the grip of opium? that three million people are in danger FAMINE AND PLAGUE IN CHINA of starving before the June harvests The Chinese are learning some hard come to their relief. Disease is add- lessons in the necessity for irrigation ing to the horrors of famine; the and sanitation. The famine is already streets are full of starving, naked people, many of whom starve to death Yuen, China, writes of the famine during the freezing nights. "Crowds prevailing in the northern part of An- follow me from church, even when hui province: A million people are I assure them that I have no mart;: in dire need of help. The Chinese money or tickets for relief." The Government is not likely to adminis- people are desperate, and are con- ter adequate relief in view of existing stantly selling their children. When conditions of her finances.

parents can not sell them, they leave the children to care for themselves, or CHINA'S EVANGELISTIC WORK What is said to be "the greatest to perish from cold or hunger. What the end will be we can not gathering of native leaders of the tell, but, as in other times of famine Chinese Church ever held" met in and pestilence, the sympathy and Hankow, December 7th-I2th, last help of Christian people and the year. It was the first triennial meetself-denying labors of the missionaries ing of the Evangelistic Association of bring multitudes to understand more China. This is the outgrowth of the of the love of Christ, and leads them Shanghai Conference of I907, and to hear and believe the Gospel that corresponds to the Educational Assobrings salvation to the plague-stricken ciation for China, which also meets triennially. and strength to famishing souls. The viceroy of Manchuria estimates The meeting at Hankow was largethat the fatalities in Manchuria from ly composed of Chinese deIegatesthe bubonic plague already have 77 missionaries and 158 Chinese. The reached 65,000, while the foreign of- president was Rev. Cheng Ching Yi, fice believes that inside the great wall of Peking, who was the Chinese delethere have been I,oOO more deaths. gate to Edinburgh, and is on the Con- According to the general belief, how- tinuation Committee. Cheng Ching ever, the number of fatalities will be Yi receives a salary of only $I9 a nearer double those of the official es- month, but could at any time quadtimates. The relief committee at ruple it by accepting a place in gov- Shanghai believes that the minimum ernment service. number of deaths from famine is 10,- This conference accomplished much 000. Many of the people in the famine for Christian unity in China, and for stricken district of Anhui are em- aggressive evangelism. The attendance ployed in building levees. The financial at the evangelistic meetings each night drain on the Government is severe, was estimated at 10,000. of whom and it is expected that it will be forced 2,000 were students. Some chapels to negotiate more extensive loans than with a seating capacity of 400, were had been contemplated. That none crowded with 700 listeners, and there of the plague-stricken people of China were hundreds of inquirers enrolIed. recover, the lungs being infected, fol- It is a great example for other Chrislowed by tleath in a few hours, wa~ tian conventions, to confer about reported to the American National Christian work during the day, and to Red Cross Society in a telegram re- engage in it at night for the salvation ceived from American Consul-gen- of men. The Chinese Christians may eral Wilder, at Shanghai. yet make many other contributions Rev. E. C. Lobenstine. of Hwai of great value to the Christian Church

OF THE TIMES

in the interpretation and exemplificd- vote themselves to the work. Even tion of the Gospel. the primary children went out after the morning school session, and THE PROGRESS IN KOREA brought in their heathen friends to the children's meeting at four o'clock. In September last a large gathering At night boys with lanterns went of Japanese and Korean Sunday- through the streets attracting crowds school scholars was held in the garden by singing hymns. The Methodist at the rear of the palace at Seoul, and Church was decorated, and the streets leading up to it were well lighted. was attended by two hundred Japa- All the work was systematically nese and five Korean teachers and stu- planned, with workers in charge of dents from the only girls' school es- each district. A prayer service was tablished for Koreans by Japanese in held at 8 :30 A.M., and another at 2 Korea. Since the annexation of P.M., before the visitors started out. Korea all public meetings are forbid- The evening services were in this way den, but the superintendent-general of filled with inquirers, and during one police freely permitted this meeting. week 904 people exprest a desire to A second meeting was held later in the believe in Jesus Christ. The question day, at which a Korean Sunday-school is, What is to be done to train these teacher gave an address, and at the inquirers? Will the Church at home close all joined in the Lord's Prayer. support the aggressive work the mis- sionaries are doing? The Chung ] u field of the Presbyterian Church embraces some 300,000 RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN KOREA people. The station was opened two years ago, but already there are 65 Governor-General Viscount Terauchurches and pl;tces of meeting, with chi has proclaimed that in Korea 272 full members and 265 catechumens, "all religions shall be treated equally, nine day-schools with 162 boys and 29 and due protection shall be accorded girls attending. There are 22 classes to their legitimate propagation"; he in the city Sunday-school, the whole has retained Judge Watanabe, a Chris- Church attending. The men meet first, tian, at the head of the Judicial Dethen go home and take care of the partment, and has appointed another house while the women come. The Christian, Mr. Ariyoshi, to an imporyoungest pupil is four, the oldest sev- tant place in the Government. Another enty; she learned to read in the last Japanese statesman, Count Okuma, few years. interviewed by a representative of the Fulwni Shimpo as to the work of A REVIVAL AT PENG YANG, KOREA Christian missions in Korea, said: "We regard the work of the mission- During the closing months of last aries as a great work, and thank them year a great revival is reported to for doing it." He, too, exprest a hope have swept over Peng Yang in North that Japanese Christians would carry Korea. Daily Bible classes prepared on the work of Korea's evangelizathe way. Large posters were put up tion in the future, tho he admitted in prominent places, and contained that an obstacle to this was the fact Scripture verses printed in colors. that the Japanese have not made a Tracts for every day were distributed from house to house. The college and academy were dosed in order that native teachers and students might de-

good impression, many of them hav- the fact that a Christian was elected ing acted oppressively and harshly. is in itself a sign of progress. A few "We must," he said, "truly regard the years ago none but strict heathen Koreans as our brothers, show them would have been considered.

sympathy and kindness, and so make The new king continues to attend them a truly virtuous people." the services held by the missionaries, CHANGES IN THE KONGO STATE who expect that he will exert a good influence, even if he is a weak believer A better day is dawning for the op- only. prest natives of the Kongo. Since the death of King Leopold there have THE OUTLOOK IN TURKEY been movements in the direction of progress in two respects especially. The signs of unrest are still very Commerce is developing along better evident in Turkey. Albania is exlines, so that the natives are treated ceedingly restive under the attempts more justly. Slavery appears to be to displace the Albanian language dead, and labor is not surrounded with Turkish, and in the Asiatic prov- . with the cruelty and tyranny that for- inces discontent and ill feeling make merly prevailed. Sanitary science has some observers fear an open conflict improved the conditions of living in with the new Government. Many are some districts, so that the death-rate emigrating to America. The poverty has decreased 50 per cent. It is hoped of the country, the compulsory milithat the missionary work may also tary service, oppression, and the inbe prospered and be relieved of the efficiency of local officials is driving obstacles put in its way by the Bel- out some of the best young men from gian authorities. Turkey and Syria.

The new Government has not yet "made good," tho it has made A GOOD SIGN IN WEST AFRICA good progress in many directions.

Togoland is a German colony in New roads are being laid out in some West Africa, situated between the districts, suitable to automobiles, and Gold Coast and Dahomey. Of its mil- new schools are being built, but the lion inhabitants about 980,000 are spirit of tolerance and righteousness fetish worshipers, and only about does not yet possess the rulers or the 5,000 are Protestants, the latter the people. When all the new projects fruit of the efforts of the Wesleyan for railroads are carried out, the Methodist and the North German transportation problem in Turkey will Missionary Societies. From the king- be transformed, and material prosper- dom of Ho in Togoland comes the ity will greatly increase. Progress in news that a native Christian has beell railroad building must be slow, on ac- elected its king, after the death of count of the poverty of the country King Hosu, who was a bitter enemy and international jealousies. Four of Christianity until his death. True, lines are about to be constructed-one the newly elected king was forced to from Kumanovo, on the Nisch-Salo- submit to the heathen ceremonies con- nica line, to Kustendil in southwest nected with his enthronement, and he Bulgaria; another is to connect Sam- will have to perform many heathen sun and Sivas, passing through Kav· rites in connection with his office, but za, Amasia and Tokat; another runs

between Sanaa, in Yemen, southwest ity, are being followed by real show- Arabia and Hodeida, its port; and a ers of blessing and promises of a rich fourth line is under way, prolonging harvest. the Bagdad Railway from Ergeli, through the Taurus Mountains, via THE WOMEN'S MISSIONARY JUBILEE Adana and Osmanlieh, to Helif. Sev- eral other lines have been decided The climax of over thirty series of on-one from Bandurma, on the Sea missionary meetings in as many cen- . of Marmora, to Balukesir and Soma; ters all over the United States, was another is to run north from Baba held in New York City, March 27th Eski to Kurk Kilise, and another is to to 30th, to celebrate the fiftieth anni- continue the Eski Shehir to Angora versary of the beginning of woman's line as far as Sivas. The Chester-Colt organized work for Foreign Missions. syndicate proposes to run a line east- The series of meetings began last ward from 'Sivas through Harput, October, and have been growing in Moush and Bitlis, to Van, and another interest and power. There has been section southwest to the Gulf of Alex- an effort to raise a million-dollar fund andretta. The continuation of the for missions among the women, ·and Bagdad line to the Persian gulf is already over $300,000 has been re- practically assured, and the British ceived in thank offerings. All the wish to have it carried to Koweit, as evangelical Christian churches are well as to Busrah. represented in the movement. and large committees of influential women These railroads will all have an im- have undertaken to arrange for the mense influence on the development meetings in New York. Six large of the natural resources of Turkey, luncheons for 6,000 women were ar- on the promotion of commerce, on the ranged for in Hotel Astor and else- preserving of order, and the develop- where (no one room being large ment of national defense, and on the enough to hold all who wished to progress of the Gospel, by furnishing come). transportation for missionaries, stu- dents, and Bibles. The program included also a "Pag- eant of Missions" in the Metropolitan GOOD NEWS FROM MACEDONIA Opera House, an "Authors' Evening" in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Last November a conference of Church, and a mass-meeting in Car- evangelical churches of European negie Hall. Tickets at 50 cents to Turkey was held in Monospitovo vil- $2.00 a seat were soon taken, and lage, in connection with a week of many were disappointed in being un;' prayer. Great interest was awakened, able to secure seats at any price. The writes Rev. Edward B. Haskell, in the Christian women can not be surpassed Orient, and the meetings were pro- in their enthusiastic support of the longed for four weeks. Many came work of Christ. to Christ, and the spirit of unity among Christians was strengthened. SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1910 In other villages special meetings were held, and the halls were packed to the The Student Volunteer Movement doors. The long years of spiritual is a powerful agency to enlist men and drought, during revolutionary activ- ;Omen in Foreign Mission work. Volunteers who reached the mission fields during the year 19IO went out

into all the world, and are connected were not moslem, but were largely with 53 nusslOnary agencies. By borrowed from Christian sources. countries, they are distributed as follows: In Africa, 31; China, 128; This was not Mohammedanism, but India and Burma, 69; Japan, 21; Quilliamism. Since that time this sect Korea, 18; South Arnerica, 19; Tur- has gradually declined, until it is said key, IS; Alaska, 3; Philippine and to be almost extinct. A few Syrians West Indies, 21; Mexico, 10; other and Persians at first attended the countries, 33; making the number for services, but even these have dropt the year 368. The total number of away. Their "mosque" was a dingy sailed volunteers is now 4,784. "back-parlor in a gloomy-looking pri- vate house." It is doubtful if any ap- ISLAM IN ENGLAND-A COR· preciable number of Englishmen or RECTION Americans have become Moslems, tho a few have become Babists or There are signs and signs. A Bahaiists. Islam is not a noticeable statement was made in the "Signs of factor in either English or American the Times" of the MISSIONARY RE- life, and Quilliamism is dead in Liver- VIEW for October, 1910, concerning pool. "Islam in Europe," which statement we find to be chiefly a sign of human J. F. Hewitt, formerly of Bengal, liability to error. The statement was India, later of Liverpool, found on intaken from a source that the editors vestigation last November that Quilhad every reason to believe accurate, liam ran away a few years ago, after and was accepted without independ- an exposure of his disgraceful conduct ent investigation. We now learn, in a divorce case; the house used for however, that the statement as to the the meetings (at 8 Brougham Terstrength of Islam in Liverpool is in- race), has been closed, and there was accurate and misleading. The facts nothing but an old, dilapidated sign to appear to be these: Some eighteefl show that such a Moslem sect ever or twenty years ago Mr. Abdullah existed in Liverpool. Quilliam started a Moslem sect 111 Liverpool, and opened a reading- The appearance of the paragraph in room and a prayer-room, called a the REVIEW is, perhaps, a sign that "mosque." Statements gained cur- followers of Mohammed and Quilrency that Islam was making great liam are making an active propaganda strides among Englishmen, but Mr. through the press, and are attempting Upson, a representative of the Indian to create the belief that Islam is cappress, went to Liverpool and investi- turing England and America. Such, gated the subject. He found that the however, is far from the case. We "mosque" was a hired room; the read- regret the publicity given to the error, ing-room and prayer services were but we rejoice in the fact that it was visited by few and very unimportant an error, and not the truth.* individuals. The men and women attended together, and the latter were * For-further ill formation apply to H.ev. J. F. unveiled. The prayers and hymns Hewett, New Chapel, Stoke-on-Trent; Dr. Henry Martyn Clark, 5 Comely Park, Edinburgh, and James l:{onro, Esq., 17 Rubislaw Terrace, Aber- deen, Scotland.

OPEN-AIR EVANGELfSTIC M E£TlNG AT LO U DON~ NYASALAN D

SIGNS OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND BY DONALD FRASER, LOUDON, LIVI NGSTO NIA In these days of world-wide com- of missionaries had plunged into a munications and settled government, dark and impenetrable thicket, which we find it hard to appreciate the hero- closed behind them, shutting off all ism and genius required to establish sound and sign of their struggle and pioneer missions in some of the iso- certain death. lated portions of the untamed world. From the written record of their Especially is this so when we try to first brave days we can see them pushestimate the progress which has been ing their way up the wide, shallow made in Central Africa. IVe must try waters of the Zambesi and the Shire to think ourselves back to the state in the little steamer Ilata, which they of affairs thirty-five years ago, when had bolted together at the coast, and the first party of missionaries boldly which had again been taken apart and passed beyond the coast line of Africa rebuilt at the cataracts. We can see and penetrated into the wild and iso- them passing over the still waters of lated interior. What Livingstone had the Upper Shire, which Livingstone revealed of the social unrest, and of had seen blocked with the corpses of the unrestrained and bloody cruelty murdered natives, past the slavingof the slave-traffic in these regions, markets of the Arabs, until they sailed was not calculated to embolden tim- on the waters of the lake, and chose a orous souls. To the few watchers at site for their first mission station at home it seemed as if the first party Cape Mac1ear. Those who will may

read of the long, unlighted days of raiders and raided alike, lived under service among the peoples of the Lake, the terror of its own loathsome and when" blood boils" again and again deadly superstitions. by the sight and story of slaving atrocities, and the little band lived on To one who lives in more settled among a people whose language was days, no language seems vivid enough unknown, cut off for almost a year to describe the land as it was then. from all the news of the civilized But happily the pioneers themselves world which they had left behind scarcely knew how dreadful was their them. Around them were harried environment, or how heroic the task people whom they dared not protect they were attempting. Their faces from the Arab slavers, or the maraud- were not to the darkened west, but ing bands of plundering, murdering toward the dawn in the east. Angoni. The only forces they could use were not those that "boiling The Forces at Work blood" demands, but the slow yet certain powers of civilizing arts and the I shall not attempt to trace the proggentle gospel of peace. ress of all the new forces which are making this land a new land. A mis- The Early Days sionary very soon realizes how mani- fold and complex are the agents If we would understand how great which God employs for the establisha progress has been made since then, ing of the Kingdom of Christ. Many we must remember the isolation of the who little suspect it are His unconmissionaries, when supplies could scious servants of evangelization. only be obtained by long and hazard- First, one must mention the establishous canoe journeys, for which some ment of commerce and lines of commember of the party must be detailed munication. Livingstone always saw off. We must think of the compara- that this would be the greatest enemy tive ignorance of even the medical of the slave traffic, and with the second members of the party as to what pre- party that sailed for Lake Nyasa there cautions must be taken to avoid the was at least one man who went out deadly malaria with which the land ostensibly to develop this agency. As seemed to be full, when all the ro- necessities became more pressing, a mance of waving palm-trees and shi- trading arm of the Livingstonia Misning lake were lost in the recurring sion was formed, which afterward deand disabling and death-dealing at- veloped into the African Lakes Corpotacks of this restless fiend. We must ration. Numerous other trading conremember the wild, unsettled condi- cerns followed, until now Nyasaland tion of the tribes whom no one gov- is interpenetrated by commercial comerned. The Arabs pulled on their panies with scores of steamers which bloody juggernaut of the slave-trade, maintain communication along the until the land stunk with the stench of lake shore and the rivers, with a railtheir victims. The Yao and Angoni way, with coffee, cotton, rubber and maintained the power of the spear by other plantations, which combined to perpetual raids on their weak and dis- export goods produced in the Protecorganized neighbors. And each tribe, torate to the value of iI40,OOO ($700,000) last year. What this en-

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

terprise has done to make practical We no longer live in days of continual the preaching of industry and a self- war alarms, nor see the crowded slave respecting civilization it is impossible dhow in the Jake, nor find the hideous to estimate. And how shall we count stockaded or hidden villages in which up the changes it has made in the the weaker tribes dragged out their possibilities of education, in the adjust- terrified existence. We live in recogments of missionary work, and in the nized security, more unshaken, perlife and influence of each missionary? haps, than that of many a dweller in civilized lands. Then one must mention the blessing that has come by the establish- But if one were to seek out and ment of a settled government. Many enumerate all the agents whom God SCHOOLHOUSE AND DAY-SCHOOL PUPILS AT AN OUT-STATION IN NYASALAND a hard word has been written about has called out to serve Him in Africa, the greedy scramble of European the list would be very long. There is Powers for Africa. And base enough the discovery of the cause of malaria, motives may have prompted more than as great a handmaiden to evangelizaone partition. Yet the fact remains tion as the steamboat or the telegraph. that those open sores of inter-tribal It has enormously prolonged the life warfare, and· of the slave-traffic, and increased the powers and efficiency could not remain festering in the face of missionaries. One can no longer of the world. Some to whom God say, as Drummond did when he passed had given the power to govern must out of Central Africa, "I have been in step in and heal them. And now we the land of the dead." It is now no who live in Nyasaland and the regions uncommon thing for a man to pass round about must bless the day when year after year without a single at- Germany and Britain proclaimed a pa- tack of fever. This has meant that ternal protectorate of these tom lands. the staffs of missionaries are not sub:-

THE BLANTYRE CllURCH-BUILT BY NATIVE LABOR IN NYASALAND ject to so many disorganizing changes, of these lands, and of Dr. Stewart, that they are able to carryon their when suggesting the formation of the work with more continuity, and with Livingstonia Mission. Livingstone more buoyancy of temperament, and believed that in this region Englishthat all over this once savage land men might enjoy good health, and also are little European homes, where be of signal benefit in leading the mulladies sweeten and refine the influences titude of industrious inhabitants to culof the station, and little children with tivate cotton, maize, sugar and other rosy cheeks give an atmosphere of valuable produce, to exchange for home and human joy. goods of European manufacture, at the same time teaching them by pre- Success in the Blantyre Mission cept and example the great truths of our holy religion. And Dr. Stewart I shall not attempt to give a bal- saw an institution like that at Loveanced account of all the success which dale, where in time a town might the various missions have achieved in grow and become a center of Chris- Nyasaland, but shall speak in more tian civilization and commerce. Now, detail of the work of the Livingstonia I do not think it is the function of a Mission, which works in the lands ly- Christian mission to build up a city or ing to the west of Lake Nyasa. Be- develop a great commercial enterprise. fore doing so, let me notice slightly One of the temptations which always one or two of the other great missions appeals to the missionary is to turn of the colony. aside his energies into lines which will provide industry for a people who are First must come the Blantyre Mis- sorely in need of this world's goods. sion of the Church of Scotland. It He recognizes how their poverty hanfollowed soon after the Livingstonia dicaps his work at every turn, and pre- Mission, and has realized more fully vents the growth of that comfortable the original ambition of David Livingstone when calling for occupation

OF THE DAWN IN

civilization which should mark the fully passed these temptations. For progress of the Gospel. Yet I believe while a city is growing around them, that almost every mission which has and a labor-producing industry is covattempted to develop a commercially ering the Highlands which they serve, successful industry laments to-day these are not departments of the miseither the confining circumstances sion's work. With great wisdom, their which must be respected if industry is pioneer missionaries chose a beautito be commercially successful, or the ful situation, which eventually offered limitations which their business neces- prizes of success to commercial entersarily puts on their spiritual service. prise. They led the way, and made for example, they must pay more at- it possible for traders to come to this tention to their proximity to a mar- land, and showed in what ways trade ket than to the claimant needs of un- might grow. In their little garden the evangelized tribes, or the previous oc- first coffee-trees were grown, and in cupation of a district by some other 1901 over 16,900 acres were under mission. And when they have estab- coffee, tho now this industry has falllished a commercially successful mis- en off, and given place to cotton and sion, they are face to face with grave tobacco. They opened the first little questions, such as the dependence of store, started the first carpenter shop, their converts on material things ran the first printing-press, and to-day which come upon the mission, and the there are many contractors' yards absorbing pressure of the business de- where native carpenters and builders mands of the mission, which will not are busily engaged, printing-presses allow the necessary thought or the producing newspapers and books, time to be given to the first things stores with turn-overs of tens of thoufor which a mission stands. sands of pounds. And the presence of these, tho they may not all make for The Blantyre Mission has success- From • Photograph by a Native.

TllK HBKtY HZNDBRSON INSTITUTE AT BUNTYn.. IfYASALANI)

righteousness, yet, in the main, pro- in South Africa, led by Dr. Andrew duce conditions which allow a pros- Murray. At first the mission was perous and educative mission to grow associated with the Livingstonia Mis- in power and grace. sion, but as it grew into strong and The little station at Blantyre, always conscious life, it developed along its noted for its captivating beauty, has own lines in a sphere called Central grown now to a great and impressive and Southern Angoniland. Year by group of buildings. There you will year it has steadily increased in staff see the majestic church, world-re- and in the area covered by its nu- nowned, which stands a daily witness merous stations, until it is now the to the glory of the service of God, a largest mission in Nyasaland. Re- great hospital, an educational institute cently a great forward movement has turning out its scores of lads and girls been made. The Church in the Orange who are soon scattered over all the Free State, and the Transvaal have land from the Kongo Free State to joined hands with the Cape Colony.

South Africa, occupying lucrative and New stations have been opened to the responsible positions. And Blantyre west and south, and a vast ramifica- has now many offshoots, Zomba, Do- tion of schools has been developed. I masi, Mlanse, at each of which the have not the statistics of the mission same thorough work and productive here, but I believe that their scholars results will be found. Their schools now number over 40,000.

number 104, with 4,300 scholars, and The type of their work is very these are not the scholars of statistics, much like that for which the French but of real fact, for each pupil in at- missions have earned an enviable tendance has to pay a substantial fee. reputation. It is characterized by a The church-membership grows with a simple and devout piety, which steadiness and solidity full of promise greatly emphasizes the spiritual side of the future. There are now 2,541 of their work. In addition, at almost in full church-membership, and a the- all of their stations they have de- ological course is in progress for the veloped agricultural work to a large training of promising lads who have extent. Their gardens and orchards already given proof of their spiritual are the delight of all visitors. At power and genius for leadership. the present moment their work at some of the stations has become The Dutch Reformed Mission and Others seriously disorganized by the unex- Another mission which should be pected discovery that sleeping-sick- noted is the mission of the Dutch ness has broken out within the areas Reformed Church of South Africa. which they work.

It should be better known than it is In addition to these missions there were it for nothing else than to dem- are the Zambesi Industrial Mission onstrate with a great emphasis how with its chief plantation and other in- deep is the missionary feeling of the dustrial centers near Blantyre, but South African Dutch Christians. with other very successful ramifica- The mission was started a little tions in Southern Angoniland. To- over twenty years ago by a band day there are 30 Europeans on its of Dutch Reformed Church ministers staff. It has46 schools, 4,200 scholars,

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

and a considerable church-membership. preachers. Now I would stop a mo- There are also a number of other mis- ment here to protest against any at- sions mostly congregated around the tempt to measure the adequacy of the Blantyre Mission such as the Nyasa forces for evangelization by an arith- Industrial Mission, the Baptist Indus- metical numeration of the European trial, the Seventh Day Adventist missionaries. I can not help thinking (American) and the Marist Brothers that such a line of statesmanship (Roman Catholic). ignores the great essential features ,', The Livingstonia Mission of missionary work. Some of them Of the work and success of the may be summed up under these heads: Livingstonia Mission I write with The varying opportunity of using the love and enthusiasm to be ex- native agents, and their varied pected of a member of its staff. The powers. The scattered or concen- sphere which the Livingstonia Mis- trated condition of the native popula- sion cultivates may be roughly de- tion. The need for an efficient staff scribed as bounded on the east by for adequately training your agents.

the lake, on the south by the Eua The variety of service which the mis- River, on the north by German East sionary may require to give. For ex- Africa, and on the west by the ample, he may be a teacher, confining Mchinga Mountains, with an addi- his work to a score of pupils, an evan- tional sphere around the land con- gelist himself doing the preaching of secrated forever as the death place of the gospel, a superintendent, organ- David Livingstone. Within this sphere izing and directing the work of hun- there are no other missions and that dreds of agents through whom he is a fact for which we must ever be would multiply himself again and thankful, as it has saved the Church again. . And, after all, is not the from the lamentable waste of over- lesson of your supreme American lapping from the discreditable [teart- evangelist's life, the unmeasured pos- burnings of denominational jealousy, sibilities that are in one man wholly and has given the mission a rare op- yielded to God?

portunity of working out without The first twenty years of the Liv- hindrance a unity of policy, un- ingstonia Mission were years of trammeled by unworthy motives. pioneer work, when foundations were Would that the same could be said being solidly laid, but little of the of all the spheres of mission work in superstructure had begun to appear.

unevangelized lands. The spheres for During these years six or seven which we are responsible are now stations were established with a staff completely covered by a great net- of 2I Europeans. But at the end of work of agencies, which may be con- that period there were only 178 native cretely summed up as 661 schools. converts, and some 5I schools with But to superintend these there are 4,500 pupils. To-day there are nine only eight European stations, tho stations manned by 26 Europeans, but it is our ambition to add two in the the native church has grown to 6,200 near future. For these stations there members, and there are over 661 are 26 Europeans who superintend schools staffed by about 1,259 teachers the work of 1,259 native teachers and and with 58,000 pupils on the roll.

A CLASS OF BOAll:DIN G·:;; CHOQL GIRLS AT LOUDON, NYASALASD Now by what arithmetical rule shall of the evangelist and for whom a we measure the possible progress of literature had to be created that they the Kingdom of God in the light of might feed their souls. this fact? Twenty years had only produced 178 Christians, and th e last The schools in the beginning were fifteen have produced over 6,000. very simple affairs. In many cases Last year alone more than 1,700 were they were not even housed in the most baptized, and 7,500 were in the primitive building, and consisted of catechumenate. We stop short in a group of children meeting at the all our calculations to recognize that kraal gate, who listlessly attempted to there are forces hidden in God's King- master the alphabet and primer. But dom which we can not estimate, and as the value of education became more of the day and the hour when the apparent the schools became more Kingdom shall be fulfilled no man ambitious, seductive bribes to make knoweth . children attend ceased, and new de- mands on self-help were imposed. The basic work of the Livingstonia lOW no school is continued unless Mission has been educational. From the villagers build a neat schoolhouse, the schools, and what they produce pay school fees, and buy their books. the great part of the progress has been The standard of the teachers has made. This is the necessary and greatly risen, and there is a growing healthy policy in such a land as Cen- number of highly trained normal tral Africa. For here is a people who teachers connected with every station. were entirely illiterate, whose intelligences required to be developed that This advance was made possible by they might understand the message the starting of a Central Institution by Dr. Laws. Here teachers and evan-

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

gelists are scientifically trained, and value of these little agencies has been large numbers of apprentices go that they have always been more through a four and five years' course evangelical than educational aims. In in carpentry, engineering, building, them the Gospel is daily taught, intailoring, etc. The Institution would telligence is created which strikes an take an article all to itself to ade- effective blow at dark superstitions, quately describe, suffice it to say that and prepares a people to understand it has been planned and developed on and receive Christian truth. The the most generous scale. Liberal teachers and monitors all make prodonors have lavished handsome gifts fession of Christianity, and underon its equipment, and already, al- stand that their primary work is to tho its plans are still far from prepare a way for the Gospel, and to complete, more than £30,000 have proclaim it. The result is that a new been spent on its equipment. That this school is never open many months has been well spent, we, at the out- before there grows about it a group stations can tell, and anyone reading of inquirers who afterward become the statistics of the mission will see catechumens, and other church memhow centralizing special training has bers. reduced the necessary European staffing at out-stations, and has produced Requirements for Church Membership a large number of highly efficient native helpers, and has made possible Yet the process is not sudden and huge advances in the primary work of uncontrolled. The church memberevangelization. ship is carefully guarded, as indeed it requires to be in these days of mass But to return to the schools. The movement toward Christianity. We TEACHERS AND :BOARDING PUPILS AT CHETAMBA M.ISSION STATI ON, NYASALAND

are sober Scotchmen, and have learned preached is, "Behold an open door the lesson of a century of missions, which no man can shut." In spite of and respect the necessities of mission- all caution the numbers who seek the ary discipline. Hence it is agreed by privilege of church membership are all the missions in Nyasaland that very great. My own station at none are baptized until they have been Loudon is now but eight years old, about three years under special in- yet I have nearly 2,000 in full church struction, and their manner of life has membership, 3,000 in the catechumenbeen thoroughly tested. When we ate, and nearly 4,000 in the inquirer's admit to church membership the classes. These are not figures which history of each one publicly received show wisdom or power in man, but is at least somewhat as follows: Three the Almightiness of the Lord the years ago he joined the inquirer's Spirit. class and attended its weekly meetings. Then he came to the European The Growth of Schools for examination after being judged fit by the native elder. Then he was A government official who had been publicly received as a catechumen, considering the rapid growth of our went through another eighteen schools recently said to me, "But ·months' instruction in the catechu- where is this to stop? The demands menate, was then examined by a na- on the home liberality must increase tive elder, and afterward by the Eu- at a huge rate." Well, one would ropean missionary. If his answers naturally fear so, and I think our COUlgave evidence of a new life and of mittee at home rejoices with a good sufficient intelligence his name was deal of trembling when we send them then sent down to the local church our annual reports. But, after all, the members, who pronounced on his increase on the demands of home manner of life, whether it gave liberality, have not at all been proevidence of his loyalty to Christ, portionate to the increase of work out then it was submitted to the session here. In 1903 there were only 374 of native elders, and if they approved, schools. To-day there are 661 schools. he was publicly baptized. If there In 1903 the educational grant from are any Roman Catholic readers of home amounted to i1,487, while the this paper I hope they will take note grant for this last year was i2,o97. of this caution, for some of them have That is to say, that while the schools charged us in print with a lack of increased from 371 to 661 and the caution, and with overmuch haste. scholars from 19,000 to 58,000 there But I expect that there are also was only an increase of £610 on the zealous and hasty souls, who read grant sent by the home church. Here this paper, and who are lifting up their surely is a case where God's returns hands in dismay at the sore restraints are not to be measured by His peowe seem to put on souls ready to con- ple's givings. fess Christ. But it is one thing to confess Christ and another to enter the But how is it that there has been church. And the message which so little increase necessary from the without limit or qualification is home church? Well, there are various reasons, and one is that God has a treasury here also.

First of all, Government has recently

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

answered the repeated claims of the thousands of people. The addresses missionary societies, and has begun to were, of course, given by interpretamake a grant toward education. It tion; but in spite of the great difficulis still a very small sum. The pro- ties presented by such a method of portion that comes to the Living- teaching, wonderful and never-tostonia Mission for its 58,000 pupils be-forgotten results followed. The is £275 a year. But, best of all, the great audiences were entirely broken people are beginning to give a little for down. Weeping and confessing their own support, and last year they dedication to God were the signs of gave nearly £900. Here is a veritable the presence of the Spirit in the hearts gold mine which we are beginning to of the congregations, and tho the open up, and the more genuinely African is perhaps a very emotional ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH) MSONDOLE, DOMASl, NYASALAND. BUILT BY THE NATlVE CONGREGATION spiritual our progress is, the richer man, the effects have not been tempowill this vein prove to be. When rary or disastrous. One has seen one remembers that only a small per- throughout the land a quickened centage of the people get wages for church greatly rejoicing in the fellowa few months in the year, and that ship of the Spirit, an intense spirit the average pay of the working of service, a great ingathering of the man is r0d (3 cents) a day, the sum heathen, and many another evidence of £900 represents a fair liberality. that God alone has done what we saw during those convention days. During these past months an awakening of a very spiritual and One would not represent the true fruitful character has come to the feeling of the mission staff in these church. The Rev. Charles Inwood, days of progress were one to close a deputy from Keswich Convention, this article with a mere recounting of held a series of four large conven- the good things we see. There are tions which were attended by many weaknesses in the Church, and perils

ahead of us, to which we are very some districts by an irruption of what much alive. Weare far from satis- is called Ethiopianism, but what is fied with the spirit of liberality. There really an immoral reaction against are very many in the Church who seem church discipline led by a strange to know little of the living fellowship American sect which sends natives of of God. A greater love of the Bible no good character to preach a strange TI-m INTERIOR OF THE LOUDON CHURCH, NYASALAND as the true word of God, a greater complication of doctrines, the only Christlikeness in conduct, a more point of which they seem to have vital faith in prayer, a more intelligent grasped is that there is no hell-fire. grasp of divine truth, these are things But this has scarcely touched the we lack. Church, beyond awakening it to greater activity. We have had sore times, too, in MONEY GIFTS AND THEIR VALUE 1. TiJr.-A small gift from a full 4. Silver.-The gift of pity for the purse with no earnest thoughts or needy; at some cost to the giver prayer. and with a desire for the better- 2. Brass.-A gift for praise of men -without love and without sacri- ment of mankind. fice. 5 C;old.-The gift of love to Christ 3. Iron.-The gift of necessity, due and love for those who know not to the importunity of an appeal or His salvation. The gift or real a promise; without free-will or sacrifice cheerfully given. heartiness. What kind of a gift is yours?

INDIA'S NATIONALisM AND

BY REV. HENRY MANSELL, D.D. l1issionary of the l;Iethodist Episcopal Church, 1866.

"India never had any nationality," and formed the Adhi Samaj, and these said Sir George Clarke, Governor of two factions are not yet united.. Bombay, when addressing a wealthy and educated audience iil Bombay a Recently there has been an associashort time ago. Like the educated tion formed in Serampore to advocate Bengalis, these people are eager to the remarriage of child widows, but assume national honor and responsi- when arrangements were made for one bility, and Sir George assured them such marriage, the Brahmans in Calthat the surest and quickest way to cutta raised obj ections and preventattain their ends was to ally them- ed it. selves with the nation now in authority in India. They must study the The educated and wealthy Indian principles of the British Government citizens of Cawnpore who formed a and compare it with all the other gov- reading club, and took a number of ernments of the world; they must daily and weekly newspapers, periodlearn loyally to obey that power un- icals and books, met in harmony for der which they live, and must frater- a time, but when the first tribal war nize with other nations and tribes broke out and British troops were hurand religions. ried to the frontier, and news came daily of battles with varied fortunes, This is a problem hard to solve. the club met early to read the latest Hindus and Mohammedans are so of- news, then Nawab Ali Khan said to ten in conflict, especially when the the Hindu Rajah: Moharram and Ram Lilla coincide in date; indeed, Shias and Sunnis are "Rajah Sahib, I notice that when nearly always in conflict when Tazias there is a victory by the British forces are carried to burial. An effort look- you always look pleased, but when the ing toward union was made when the Mohammedans are victorious, you are Indian National Congress was inau- sad. Why is it? We are all fellow gurated, but soon the Mohammedans countrymen, but the British are forbroke off and began the Indian Loyal eigners. Nhy should we not be breth- Association, so that the congress was ren ?" divided. One faction determined to criticize the Government adversely, The Rajah said: "Nawab Sahib, and the other to express loyal senti- we can trust the word of the British, ments. but not that of the Mohammedans. You remember that in the last war The late Babu Ram Mohan Roy, a between Hindus and Mohammedans learned and eloquent man, formed the the general promised the Hindus parreform sect, called the Brahma Samaj, don if they would surrender. They but when he gave in marriage his did, and he had them all destroyed." daughter, who was under the age which he himself had proposed as In Southern India there was a very proper for girls to be married, several low-caste tribe who were not allowed Brahmans, with several others, left to wear clothes, except the little belt around their waists. Then many of them became Christians they and their missionaries insisted on their wearing

chadars (waists). Then suddenly freedom and a passion for national there was an uprising in their caste unity not grow in India, as it to put down this pride and make them did among the Aryan tribes of. Eu- still go naked as usual, and the Gov- rope? Probably the cause is to be ernment came in and sustained the sought in the rigidly d(.spotic and ty- Christians and thus made peace. rannical manner in which the con- Last year there was an uprising of quering Aryans treated the subject Chilsa mountainous tribe against their races. A section of a community, espe- head men who opprest them, and the cially if it be small one, can not con- missionaries were chosen to arbitrate. tinue to enjoy freedom if it rigidly de- so that the dispute was settled and the nies it to the other and larger sections, British troops, which were ready, were and can not have a desire to be united not required. with it by the national tie if it invari- The Arya Samaj affirms that it is ably despises the other as an inferior not disloyal to government, but It con- race and denies it the "ordinary rights stantly opposes Christianity. So the of man." But perhaps the most striking history of India is the history of tribe of all is the quotation from Mr. Rhys at war with tribe, and caste with caste. Davids in Buddhistic India, where, we The ancient history of India is the are told, that when Buddhism arose same. The Brahmans, or Sons of the there was no paramount sovereign in Sun, were constantly at war with India. The kingly power was not, of the Chpatris, the Sons of the Moon. course, unknown, for there had been The sacrifice of the horse by one of . kings in the valley of the Ganges for these castes was a challenge to the centuries long before Buddhism, and other castes to make war. the time was fast approaching when It is not the form of government the whole of India would be under that will nationalize India. The bril- the sway of monarchical governments.

liant editor of the Modern Review, In those years we find a still sur- and Dr. Burenderkar, writing in the viving number of small aristocratic Times of India, have said: "The In- republics, and four kingdoms of con- dian Aryans, like their European siderable extent and power. The tend- brethren, had the rudiments of free ency toward the gradual absorption political institutions." When Teshalea of these domains, and also of the tribes settled in any province, the republics into the neighboring king- name of the tribe in any province be- doms, was also in full force.

came the name of the province, and These quotations sustain the state- these collectively became identified ment of the Governor of Bombay, that with the countries in which they lived, India never had any nationality, and and actually the existence of aristo- go far to prove the statement that the cratic republics is alluded to in Budd- evil system of caste is the cause of it, histic Pali books. But the rudiments by giving to the few the power to of free political institutions did not trample the manhood out of the many grow in India, and no passion for na- millions. Moreover, I echo the senti- tional unity was strong enough to ment of the same governor, that one trample under foot the germs of caste. way to improve is to loyally obey the Why did the instinct for political best government India has ever had,

19II ] INDIA'S NATIONALISM AND

and to learn the principles of govern- Christians education to work for the ment by studying all governments, salvation of their countrymen. whether Christian or non-Christian. Only Christianity can cure the cruel 4. The American Board missions, system of caste and lift India to man- and those of the Reformed (Dutch) hood and make her a nation among Church, received a powerful stimulus nations, whether it be a limited mon- by the Edinburgh Conference, and archy or a repUblic. are having new success, according to their new faith. We have spoken of various reforms in India which at first gave great 5. The English Baptists also are promise, but as Dr. Robinson, editor of The Kaukab-a-Hind, wisely says, awake and successful. "Reforms in India do not always 6. The Presbyterians of two namove as rapidly as at first they gave promise. This is because so many tions and three denominations having influential men are quite willing to united, are a mighty force in North advocate these reforms, for the coun- and Northwest India. The last contry at large, but fail to break with vention at Sialkot was a season of tradition when they touch their own great revival. personal lives." This strikes the key- {lote of my affirmation that Christian- 7. The last Dassehra camp-meeting ity only can sweep away caste, the of the Methodist Episcopal Church at maximum of "Man's inhumanity to man," and make a man new and un- Lucknow, was not so well attended selfish, so that he will advocate re- as usual, but it was a season of rich forms in the country even when they revival influence, and many Indians touch his personal life, and go consecrated themselves to the work against his own interests, for the good of saving others. Rev. Stanley Jones, of the nation. I believe in the "ade- of Lucknow, writes: "The other day quacy of Christianity" for the salva- J preached on Acts I: 8 before a body tion of India in the near future. of seventy-five or eighty Hindustani preachers; the power of God fell on I. The Bishop of Madras is at- us, and many were overcome as they tempting the work of uplifting and crowded to the altar pleading for the saving the lower castes, and is suc- baptism of the Holy Spirit. It would cessful, as are all the missionaries. have done one good to see the Indian preachers studying the translation of 2. The English Church missionaries Dr. Keen's pentecostal papers on that are using the grants made by the Cen- subject as a text-book, and asking tenary committee very judiciously for questions and showing a keen interest evangelistic work, for building up in the teaching concerning the Holy men, and for mission schools that will Ghost. This is bound to bear much also be evangelistic. fruit."

3. The American Baptists in South- All these unions of missions and ern India are unusually successful in revivals are harbingers of the coming all their work. Their Christian revival which is to sweep India into school-work, inaugurated by the late a blaze of revival, followed by no de- Dr. Clough, is giving many young clension till India is saved. My con- fidence is based not only on what has already begun, but on the work and the prayers of the Edinburgh Con-

ference. The fact that all Protestant rect the errors of the other's creeds denominations of the world were able or rituals, and when arguments art: to put aside their differences and to offered, division must occur. But unite to consider the needs of the non- when the union is that of the Spirit Christian nations. and to work and in the bond of love, each can in love pray for their speedy conversion is a tolerate the supposed errors of the mighty basis for faith. Having this others, and all may unite in work and spiritual union, organic union is not prayer for the non-Christian world essential. If Church of England men with an irresistible force which will go were in organic union with Meth- far to answer the united prayer for the odists, or Presbyterians, or Baptists, salvation of the world. Union with each would feel in duty bound to cor- Christ demands union with each other.

WOMAN AND THE REGENERATION OF INDIA BY E. M. WHERRY, LUDHIANA, PUNJAB, INDIA The population of India is reckoned must make what may seem to some a to be about three hundred millions, of few commonplace statements concernwhich nearly one-half belong to wo- ing the woman's present place in mankind. These belong to all the India's social life. races and religions of the empire. Nothing occurs in the empire in which (I) She is the Mother of the Inwoman has not her part to do or to dians. Do we fully appreciate the insuffer. The work of the Church, in fluence of our own mothers in our own its endeavor to evangelize India, has to national life? ' What has mother done do with the women quite as much as for you and for me-in the formation with the men. It may be questioned of our habits, our thoughts, our charwhether this fact has generally been acter? 'What has her influence counted realized. True it is that women have for in our intellectual, moral and rebeen sent abroad as missionaries to ligious life? Let us remember that work in zananas and girls' schools and mothers in India exercise a similar and hospitals, and a great work is being in some respects a more powerful indone by them for women in almost fluence over their offspring. Nothing every sphere of missionary endeavor. is more notable in India than the in- The more one learns in regard to In- fluence of the mother in the average dian womanhood the more clearly it household upon the sons. She is the is perceived that woman's work for one above all others who has loved woman in India is necessary not only them. In sickness she has nursed to reach her in the seclusion of the them. In sorrow she has comforted zanana, but absolutely necessary to them. In times of need she has helped the evangelization of the men as well. them as she could. She has watched It is to emphasize this fact that I have over them with jealous care day in undertaken to write this article. and day out. She has rejoiced in their advancement and planned for their Woman's Place in India future. All the power of mother-love contributes to make her supreme in In order to rightly understand the the affections of her sons. Unlettered importance of Indian womanhood, we

I9II ] WOMAN AND THE REGENERATION OF

as she is, for her custom is law and by a wife whose influence has even- hereditary superstition is her religion. tually succeeded in compromising his From this it follows that the mother faith and finally diverting him from stands for extreme conservatism. his purpose to be a Christian. Many Every new thought is viewed with such cases might be adduced. I shall suspicion and everything antagonizing mention but one. H- S- was the social custom or religious observance only son of a widow, who lived in a is sure to find in her a zealous oppo- Punjab village. He was a bright nent. Noone knows this better than young man, studying in a mission the zanana missionaries. high-school. His great ambition was (2) But this woman is also a wife to secure service on the railway or in as well as a mother. If she be a a telegraph office on a salary of two Hindu, she has among her gods first or three hundred rupees. He was the of all her husband. Him she rever- best student in his class and deeply in- ences and him she serves as a slave. terested in the Bible. Day after day Her life is bound up in his. Not long he came to learn about Jesus. He ex- since such a wife looked forward to pected to be a Christian some time.

the privilege of dying with her hus- He won a scholarship in college and band on his funeral pile. One might continued his studies there. On suppose that such a wife would have graduating he was chosen for a high little or no influence upon her husband. office under the Government which Sometimes this is so, but when sons obliged his going to Calcutta. He are born, her influence begins to grow called upon me to express his thanks and her motherhood carries with it in- to me for all I had done for him. We creasing power over her husband. kneeled together and prayed that he She becomes the conservator of social might now be able to take his stand customs and caste restriction. Is her for Christ. He carried letters of in- husband disposed to fall in with some troduction to Christian friends in Cal- of the new-fangled notions, born of cutta. Time went on, but no progress the schools ? Would he indulge in for- toward Christ was manifest. Finally bidden food or drink? Let him be- a lady explained that the wife was a ware! The consent must be obtained bigoted Hindu. Here was the force from the mother of his children. If that held him back. H- S- died a she give it, all is well so far as his nominal Hindu.

home is concerned; but if she refuse, If the wife be a Moslem, her in- he must refrain upon the penalty of fluence is still very great. Here, being an outcast. His wife can by a again, she stands for Moslem custom word array against him the powers of and wields power through her rela- the Brotherhood. Her relatives and tives and the priests. The patriarchal his, with the Brahman priest, will at system, whereby all the members of a once arise and set themselves to re- household have their estates in com- form the troublesome member. Many mon under the headship of the father an inquirer, whose mind has been -or, if he be dead, of the mother, filled with the holy teachings of Jesus binds the whole together in a way and whose heart has been drawn to- that distinctly limits the liberty of the ward his Savior, has been confronted individual. M- M- Khan is a mem-

ber of such a household. He has a cumstances the most trying. The brother who lives with the widowed early invasion of India by Moslem mother and manages the landed prop- armies brought together the Hindu erty. M- M- Khan is an officer in armies to defend the city and fort of the police service and usually away Daibul, the precursor of the present from home. He shares equally with city of Karachi. After a fierce strugthe brother in the estate so long as the gle the Moslems were victorious and mother lives. They have thousands the city lay at their feet. The Hindu of dollars in the bank and vested in women refused to surrender to the securities, but all in common. The conquerors, but shutting themselves in mother holds the key but can get noth- the palace they set fire to it and were ing without the two sons, excepting a burned to death rather than survive monthly allowance. They can get to meet dishonor at the hands of their nothing without her. M- M- Khan enemies. has become a Christian. The mother and brother, with the Brotherhood, in- Many similar stories might be cluding his wife's relatives, have ar- related, showing the sturdy characrayed themselves against him, taken ter of Hindu women. But we do not his wife and children away, seized his need to search the annals of war to movable property and threaten him find the courageous endurance possible with financial ruin. A word from his to the Indian w011lan. Visit the sacred mother would change the situation. shrines and you there will find those But as yet that word has not been who have braved the hardships and given and probably never will be dangers of a long journey with their given except at the price of his apos- husbands, bearing the heat and cold tasy. and fatigue with wonderful fortitude, often sacrificing their lives for the These instances illustrate how that sake of their religion. Many too, who, India's womanhood often stands in like Chandra Lela, having lost their the way of the conversion of the men. husbands by the way, have completed On the other hand, when a wife or the journey alone, assuming the remother stands by the son or husband sponsibility of caring for their houseand is willing to share the persecution holds. Such women are patriots to of the clan or caste, the way to open their country and are ready to sacrifice confession of Christ is made easy. comfort and Ii fe itself for their coun- Thanks be to God there are many in- try and their religion. As a Hindu, stances illustrating the devotion of her social customs, her caste and her women who have suffered with their religion are inseparably bound tohusbands for the sake of Christ. gether, and therefore any attack made There are others, not a few, who have upon Hinduism is an attack upon her. left all for the love of the Christ, who had said, "Follow me." It is well known there in the present state of unrest, some of the most (3) This leads me to notice another active seditionists are women, who characteristic of India's womanhood: with facile pens have vented their the heroic. fierce contempt upon the cowardly young men who are afraid to fight and History testifies to the courage and to die for liberty. Without doubt devotion of Indian women, under cir-

AND THE REGENERATION OF

some of those young men, who have fore she was sent to the hospital, suffered a traitor's death, or who now where she was expected to die.

languish in prison, were instigated to These instances illustrate the desper- the deeds they committed by Indian ate extremes to which the apparently women. It is not, therefore. difficult mild Hindu woman will go in order to to see how great woman's influence is accomplish her purpose. Persons sus- in India, when leveled against the gos- pected of being secret believers, and pel. Her love, her cunning, her de- those, too, who have been baptized, ception, her uncompromising spirit, have often been put away by means of her deadly hatred, her readiness to poison. What wonder that women counsel extreme measures, are all who have accepted the Christian faith capable of being used to overthrow are afraid to remain at home, and in what she conceives to be the enemies consequence flee for protection to the of her race and her religion. missionary teacher? Courage is not a An Indian pastor told me the follow- quality belonging solely to the enemies ing story. Many years ago when he of the gospel in an Indian household.

was a boy, one of the female members The heroism of some women who of the family fell under suspicion of have braved all to confess Christ in conduct that would disgrace the family. India compares well with that of the The mother-in-law took the matter heroines of the early Church, and into her own hands. Poison was here is the hope that lies in the charac- mixt with the food that girl ate. She ter of Indian women under the power fell ill and died in agony during the of the gospel. Wedded as they may night. Her body was cast into a well be to Hindu or Moslem superstition, and in the morning she was dragged they are not impervious to Christian out as a suicide. The funeral pyre in teaching. If they can not read books the early hours of the morning wiped they can read character. They can un- out all traces of the crime. derstand the gospel in the Christian's A few months since a young woman life. Loyalty to the marriage vows was admitted to our hospital. She often lead Indian women to follow was so ill that little hope could be their husbands into the Christian fold.

given that she would recover. How- A Hindu lady, once a bigoted Hindu, ever, by constant watching and care- is now a pastor's wife. Her husband ful treatment she slowly recovered. was constrained to leave all to follow The day before she was to be dis- Christ, but for some time she refused charged the mother-in-law came to to leave her people. The husband the hospital bringing a cup of milk went to a distant city and while there and asked permission to give it. he fell seriously ill. He wrote his Without suspicion her request was wife, telling her of his illness. She granted. The milk was given and determined to care for him, altho the mother-in-law departed. Ten she had no intention of becoming a minutes later the patient was dead! Christian or of breaking her caste by What the motive was no one certainly living with him. She went to see him knows. It was thought that she was and for a whole month she cooked his dissatisfied with her home. It is now food as a faithful wife, tho living quite clear that she had been drugged be- apart from him. Seeing the change

which had been wrought in her hus- cieties, the mothers' meetings and the band by the gospel and learning more missionary societies in the Indian of the truth from a missionary lady, churches. she was led to Christ, and from that day became a most devoted Christian Many of those women more adworker. vanced in learning are inspectresses of Government schools. Here is one We have only to look in upon any who has had more than thirty girls' one of the average congregations to schools under her care for nearly see noble Christian women, possest of forty years. Here is a younger lady the courage and devotion already de- who is inspectress of all the Governscribed, who are now engaged in the ment schools in a large city. Still Master's service and exerting a power- another, a college graduate, is inful influence in the home, the Sunday- spectress of all the girls' schools in a school and the Church. Through large native state. Others are printhese she reaches out upon the wider cipals of schools, professors in colcircle of India's womanhood in the leges for women, secretaries of schools and zananas. Young Women's Christian Associa- tion and Endeavor Societies. Still The Hindu Woman's Ability others have studied medicine and are doctors in hospitals, nurses and com- As wives and mothers, the Chris- pounders. A few are professors in tian women of India are devoted to medical institutions. their children, and as far as they can they help them to secure that educa- The problem of evangelizing Hindu, tion and training which wiI1 make Moslem and low-caste women and them useful members of society and children is very great. If it had to be of the Church. Here is a mother solved by foreign lady missionary whom I saw standing side by side labor its solution would be difficult with her husband and their three chil- indeed. But with an ever-growing dren, two boys and a girl. This was Christian community bringing into forty years ago. The father soon the Church young women consecrated died. The widow became a servant to the Master's service, there is a sure and was for a while in my family. prospect of a rapid evangelization of Her children were taught in the mis- India's womanhood largely by native sion school and orphanage for girls. agency. The eldest son is now an evangelist, the daughters married and became Moslem Women zanana teachers, while the youngest son is a mechanic, supporting a numer- Some years since there was held in ous family. The sons and daughters Medina (Arabia) a conference of of .Christian women, of· whom the progressive Moslems, at which the above example is one of the humblest, question was discust as to why Mosare now the Christian teachers in our lem nations were losing ground, while schools or the pastors and evangelists others were continually advancing. in our churches and village centers. This conference was held in secret. They are the strength of the Sunday- Even the minutes or report was not schools, the Christian Endeavor So- published for some time after the con- ference had adjourned. When it was published it first saw light in Port

Said under the protection of a Chris- absence of Hindu and Moslem wotian flag. Over one hundred and forty men capable of being made teachers. reasons were given for the non-pro- In their need they turn to the Chrisgressive condition of Islam. Many and tians. Thus a grand opportunity is quite revolutionary reforms were sug- opened up to Christian women and a gested, some of which are now being sphere of influence almost boundless. carried out in Turkey and Persia. Among these suggested reforms were Education of Boys the abolition of the harem system, whereby women are secluded from the Again, the rapid advance made in the education of boys has developed a ONE WAY T:V WHrCH L A DY Mr SSIONARIES TRA'EL IN INDIA naturally enlightening influences of great need-the need of lady teachers human society, and the absolute neces- in the lower grades of all boys' sity of educating the women as well schools. This need is being felt espeas the men. These views are being cially in schools for Christian boys. ventilated by Moslem leaders in India, Young men who have entered the eduand many Moslems are promoting the cational department as teachers are establishment of schools and colleges not only wanting in the patience and for Moslem women. Some have be- sympathy necessary for the best work gun to send their daughters to Chris- in infant and primary classes, but tian institutions. Everywhere among usually feel it to be beneath their the Hindus female education is being dignity to teach the lower classes. promoted and schools are being estab- Moreover, the number of Christian lished. The practical difnculty is the teachers is so small that of necessity

non-Christians have to be employed a great deal. In India she may be and these for the lower classes. The able to do much through the medium solution of this problem lies in the of her own language, especially in employment of Indian lady teachers. educational work. She is wanted to This will open up another great sphere take charge of or to teach in the of influence for India's womanhood. boarding and day schools, to superin- tend orphanages and asylums, to di- The women and children who have rect the work of schools for girls and been taught to read have need of a women in the zan{ma, to take charge special literature. Who so capable to of hospitals and dispensaries, to train produce it as the educated woman? A Christian women, to assist in convenbeginning has already been made and tions and summer schools, to under- Christian ladies, like the late lamented take extensive tours among the vil- Lilavati Singh, are now editing pe- lages, etc. riodicals specially published for women. The vista here is so wide as to It goes without saying that for such open to view another almost bound- service India calls upon Christian less sphere for woman's influence upon lands for their choicest young women. all classes of society. Education can not be too high, while Christian experience and Bible knowl- Much more might be written along edge should be of a very high order. this line, but enough has been written Let it not be supposed that any mato prepare the way for the words with terial which can not be used in the which I would conclude this article. home field will do for the foreign field. Send us the best. With such Woman'. Work in India an army of Christian workers, leading the increasingly large bands of Indian What is the special sphere in which Christian women in the great work of the lady missionary will work in the evangelizing their non-Christian sisfuture for the regeneration of India? ters, the conquest of India's woman- In the light of what we have said, is it hood for Christ is only a question of not clear that she must first of all time. Many are enlightened and are assume the place of a leader? By her now holding out their hands for the culture, her Christian experience, her bread and water of life. Many are special training and by her devotion to perishing for want of knowledge. the Master's service, as well as by her Fifty millions of low-caste Hindus official relation to the home societies, and Moslems are turning to us for a the lady missionary becomes a leader fuller knowledge of Jesus Christ. in the mission field. She is a for- Thousands are being added to the eigner; and being such, she rarely se- churches annually. The supreme need cures that intimate knowledge of the of this class is training in Bible language and acquaintance with the knowledge and Christian life. For people necessary to close personal these teachers must be trained. United work among the people. If she ever effort on the part of lady teachers, acquire this knowledge, it must be European and Indian, can solve this after years of residence and patient problem. Who will volunteer for this study. However, with a competent service? staff of Indian workers, she can, by directing their efforts, accomplish

RYUNG-A TYPICAL KOREAN

KOREA-THE LAND OF OPPORTUNITY * INVEST NOW. BIG RETURNS!

BY MISS ANNA W. PIERSON "Chosen," as the Japanese call it, or away any monotony from the scene, the "Land of the Morning Calm," as for both boys and girls wear clothes of its name means, "The Palestine of the the brightest hues-pink, red, green, Far East," as we love to think of it, is purple and yellow. A group of chila fascinating country to visit. Even dren at play looks like an animated in the winter months the sunshine is flower-bed. A foreigner can at first glorious, and the air is crisp and in- scarcely distinguish a boy from a girl, vigorating. The faces of the moun- as both wear their hair in a plait down tains change their aspect every hour their backs, and the long bright of the day. They are most beautiful colored coats reach below the knee. when first touched into a rosy hue by the rising sun. The simple, childlike cordiality of the Korean is also in contrast to the There is a marked contrast be- formal elaborate politeness of the tween Japan, with its ever green semi- Japanese. On our first Sunday in tropical appearance, its wooded hills Seoul I attended one of the native and terraced hillsides and Korea with churches with a lady missionary. We its bare brow11 fields and snow covered sat on the women's side of the church hiIIs in the winter months. The Korean which was divided from the men's by houses are made of dried clay, with a white curtain. Several of the thatched roofs so that a village re- Korean women, as they passed the seIIlbles a forest of mushrooms. The bench on which we sat, smiled and tr~autiful d~ar blue'skyand the bright patted my arm or knee as they colored dresses of the people take squatted on the fioor. At the close of • A letter from Korea, after six weeks in Seoul, Peng Yang and Sell Cbun.

the service many of them came up and what they learn. Dr. James S. Gale tells took my hand in both of theirs and of one man who traveled a hundred smiling into my face said, "Pyung-an- miles to see him and when asked the hassio." (Peace). It made one's heart purpose of his visit replied: "I have glow and I felt that I was among been memorizing some verses of the sisters. No one can visit Korea and Bible and I came to recite them to look sympathetically into the work you !" The man recited without an without being greatly imprest with the error the entire "Sermon on the crying needs that mark the present Mount." Dr. Gale told him that if he hour. simply memorized it, it would do him no good, he must practise its teach- From the beginning of the great ings. His face lighted up with a revival in Korea, the Bible has been smile as he replied, "That is the way the one great Book of the Christians. I learned it. I tried to memorize it, The secret of the strength of the but it wouldn't stick, so I hit upon this Korean Church lies in the fact that the plan. I would memorize a verse, and Bible is their daily food. The Chris- then find a heathen neighbor and practians read it day and night and are tise the verse on him. Then I found among the greatest Bible lovers in the it would stick." world. They take it with them wherever they go, women and children The Koreans are preeminently a carrying theirs in a cloth tied about literary people. Their native script or the waist. Large portions of the Un-Mun, is the simplest in the world. Bible are committed to memory by old It was invented in the fifteenth cenand young; Children often memorize tury, but was little used and was several thousand verses in a year, and looked upon with contempt because so are not satisfied until they can repeat easy that "even a woman could learn the whole of the N~w Testament. it in a month." But after four hun- The people also put into practise dred years this despised script became THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION AT SEOUL" KOREA

KOREA-THE LAND OF

the instrument prepared by God for tells a wonderful story of six Korean reaching these people through His leaders whom the old Emperor had word and Christian literature. In locked in his criminal prison because China and India the vast majority of he feared they wanted to introduce rethe people can not read, but in Korea form along western lines. They were reading is almost universal. Even put in without trial, made to work hard, suffered from cold, ill treatment, THE CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. SEOUL vermin and filth, and were in constant fear of execution. They had proud From this sevel-al othe r churches have sprung. blood in their veins and a deadly de- sire for vengeance in their hearts. those who have had no education and "They hoped for escape, for the ophave passed middle age, when they be- portune moment, the keen knife and come Christians, can learn to read the squaring of accounts, when all their Bibles in a few weeks. unexpectedly there came into their midst the New Testament, Bunyan's The customs and stories of the "Pilgrim's Progress" and some of D. Bible appeal to the Korean as to the L. Moody's tracts in Chinese. Their people of almost no other country out- prison was visited regularly by Dr. side of Palestine. Many of their hab- and Mrs. A. D. Bunker and became its and customs, beliefs concerning first an inquiry room, then a house of demons and the sacrifice for sin, are prayer, then a chapel for religious similar to those of the Bible. Thus exercises, then a theological hall, and the Bible is a living, up-to-date book when the course was completed, God with them and speaks to them concerning temptations and problems of A l'ENG YANG WOMAN 'S HAT the daily life. They believe it without a question. let them all out of prison and set them to work. With their high social Dr. Gale believes that Koreans standing and superior training they make fervent, whole-hearted Chris- became the first Christian leaders of tians because the testing quantity has entered so deeply into the work. As a rule, those who come into the Church without passing through trial are of no use and are often a hindrance rather than a help.

In "Korea in Transition," Dr. Gale

the Capitol, one went to America and the Bible study classes which are held took a post-graduate course at Har- each year at different centers all over vard, one is a consistent Christian in Korea. These are similar to the North government service, one is director of field and Keswick conferences only religious work in Seoul Y. M. C. A., that the whole of the two weeks or one is general secretary of a native month is devoted exclusively to the branch of the Y. M. C. A., one is an close study of the Bible. Three ses- elder in a Presbyterian Church in sions are held each day and often over Seoul, and one has charge of the relig- one thousand are in attendance. Many ious work among the Korean students have walked one hundred miles or in Tokyo." more, carrying their supply of rice on Believers are not admitted into full their backs, and paying all their own fellowship until they have been tested expenses, in addition a small sum for and taught and their lives watched for the expenses of the conference. At a year after they have confest the large centers these classes are Christ. Then, if they are living con- taught by the missionaries and compe- sistent lives, attending the regular tent Korean pastors. Then the stu- church and Bible school services, and dents from this conference go to hold are seeking to win others to Christ, similar classes in the smaller towns.

at the end of the year they are bap- It is in these classes that Christians tized and admitted into the church. are trained and developed to become No wonder the Church grows, when evangelists, colporteurs and Bible every convert becomes a soul-winner, women. Here, too, was started the often making it his chief business. purely original Korean movement for From lip to lip and heart to heart the subscription of days of preaching goes the message, so that when a mis- when they volunteered to go from sionary goes to a village for the first house to house in the surrounding vil- time, he often finds there a group of lages and proclaim the Gospel. Last Christians who have been led to Christ year Over 100,000 Koreans met in through the efforts of some converted these classes to spend from two weeks brother. From the first the converts to a month to Bible study. At one have been made to feel that the spread such meeting in Peng Yang a total of of the Gospel depends upon them sixty years of evangelistic work was rather than upon the missionary. They pledged in days and weeks by those have a high conception of the duties present!

and responsibilities of church-member- What Dr. Samuel Moffett and the ship, and they realize that such a mem- other missionaries feel to be the bership is a benefit to themselves and greatest need of now is money to build not a favor to the missionary. Bible training schools, which can be The Korean Churches are almost open all the year for students who entirely self-supporting, and the evan- wish to train as evangelists, teachers gelistic work is carried on by the and Bible women. Dr. Moffett the Koreans themselves, but there is an pioneer missionary in Peng Yang insatiable desire for Bible study. All said : "We need $20,000 now for this the missionaries unite in saying that great work." Think of what six or the corner-stone of the work lies in eight such Bible schools would mean

K OREAN WOMEN WHO WALKED OVER ONE llUNDRED MILES TO ATTEND A WEEK 0" BIBLE STUDY to the future of Korea. It is a golden Moffett wrote: "Our program for opportunity for investment; shall we let it pass? The present condition women's classes in P engYang runs will not be permanent. As Dr. Gale says, "Men and money are needed from February 10th to June 15th. . It .NOW.'I will be a busy time and a very ha~py Two years ago there were over one, for there is great joy in teaching 2 ,500 men and over 2,400 women enrolled in the Bible training classes in people who are hungry to know the Syen Chun alone. Young women trained as Bible ., teachers are greatly Word of God. Do tell some earnest needed in all p(j.rts of Korea to conduct Bible study classes and to do young women in America what a wide evangelistic work in the villages. The people are hungry for the Gospel and field is open for Bible work among the the missionary is a welcome messenger.- -· ·· women of Korea. We ' need eight As we were leaving Korea, Mrs. such workers in the stations here.'1 To remain in Korea and to help in this work would be the greatest joy and privilege of my life. .

Mrs. Miller, the superintendent of the Girls' Academy in Seoul, also wrote: "The Men's study classes..be- gin next week (February 1st), and

are to be followed by the big class of have a hundred more invitations than women and that is to be followed by we can accept. I could keep six misa special workers' class to train some sionaries busy all the time in this dispicked women in a certain course of trict and then have work for more. study. These women will go imme- Korea can be won for Christ in this diately into the country churches to generation. If the church will give give these lessons to the women there. what we need and will strongly rein- The ladies in Peng Yang want me to force the work in the next ten years, come there to help in their classes for this old heathen nation will line up a little while, and the Chai Ryung mis- with the other Christian nations of sionaries want me to help there in the world. It must be done quickly. March. If only I could be in three Our opportunity is rapidly passing places at once " away."

"We are prest on every side by Now is the time to invest money young men and women who want us and life in Korea so as to receive one to teach them about Christ," writes hundredfold return. Lay up treasure E. M. Cable, another missionary. "We in Heaven. "Do IT NOW."

A MARKET DAY IN PENG YANG

A TRAVELER-'S SUNDAy AT PENG YANG, KOREA >I<

BY E. G. KEMP Sunday is a busy day for missionary the little children covered their eyes workers at Peng Yang, as the rapid with their hands during prayer. From growth of the work and the need for below stairs came the lusty tones of consolidation by constant instruction, children singing "Hold the Fort,"

taxes the resources even of the large there we found a Sunday-school in staff of foreign and native helpers. progress, the classes sitting in circles In many cases, even before the build- on the floor, each with a girl teacher ing of a church is completed, the con- in the center. The children have been gregation has outgrown it, and from less cared for than the adults hitherto, one church alone (the central one at but they look most attractive and win- Peng Yang) no less than thirty-nine ning, and greater efforts are now be- others have "swarmed" merely for ing made to provide for their instruc- lack of space-not from any discord. tion.

Thirty-five of these churches are in the We next visited the Central Church, district around the town, four others where the men had just finished their are in the town itself; the youngest morning session of Bible instruction of them already has a membership of (9- IO :30) , and the women were 561. This is the result of sixteen rapidly gathering. Nowhere could years of work, for the missionaries there be found a more attractive sight settled there in r894, and the first con- than the hundreds of white clad vert was baptized that year. women, carrying their books wrapt in We started out about ten o'clock to a cloth tied round their waists in make a round of some of the places of front, or their children tied on behind, worship. The first visited was a the little ones drest in every color of women's institute, where we found a the rainbow. The service is much like large upper room filled with about Sunday-school at home. After the soo women and nearly as many babies opening hymn and prayers, the women and little children. At the door of the are divided into classes, and the older Korean churches and schools the first children, like a gay group of butter- thing noticed is the shoe-stand, where flies, are gathered at the back of the each comer deposits shoes before en- church to be taught separately. Some tering. The floors are covered with of the girls had hats which take up matting, and everyone sits cross- space, as they are much larger than legged: the babies are noisy, but their umbrellas, and are carried by both crying is not nearly so sharp as that hands, extending over the head in of Europeans, tho sufficiently disturb- front and to the knees behind. These ing to any ordinary speaker. At the are peculiar to this district and are harmonium a sweet-faced Korean girl used not so l11uch for protection from sat, whose playing was very superior the sun or rain as from the vulgar to the singing. What it lacked in gaze of man. These hats have to be harmony, however, was atoned for by left outside the church with the shoes.

its earnestness, and in all the services Some of the young women of the the reverent attention of the whole wealthier classes look quite charming audience was most ;mpressive; even in their nun-like coifs, and drest from … Condensed from a chapter in "The Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan," Duffield & Company, New York.

head to foot in dazzling white silk, The venerable pastor, Kil Moksa, with smart little sleeveless coats lined is a Korean of solid character, who with white fur; the fur also forms has done much to lessen the evils ina border all round the coat and out- cident to the coming of the Japanese. lines the armholes. Seeing the utter hopelessness of resist- ance, he persuaded the people neither Womankind in Korea suffers from to flee nor to resist, so that the blooda strange lack-the absence of names. shed which took place in the south of A woman may possess a pet name, the country was avoided in the north. otherwise she has none; frequently she His influence is not only powerful does not even know her husband's but wide-spread, and it is sad to see name. If she becomes a Christian and the curtailing of his work owing to receives baptism she acquires a name, increasing blindness. He was origiand this must give her quite a new nally an ardent Confucian, and not sense of dignity. The Korean woman content with a passive faith he prachas not been considered of much value tised rigorous austerities in order to in the past, but she is awakening obtain peace of mind. In describing (under Christian influences) to a this time, Kil Moksa said: sense of responsibility, and she takes her share in the work of evangeliza- "I was trying to put away every tion among her people. There had thought of worldly advancement and been a fortnight's Bible study for every filthy or unclean impulse, for women just before our arrival at I knew right and wrong then just as Peng Yang, attended by over 500, well as I do now. I endeavored to many of whom had come long dis- keep my mind pure by concentrating tances on foot. Some had traveled upon the idea of a full moon in my no less than seventy miles on foot, stomach. Thus I endeavored to shut carrying their supply of food with out the world and secure a view of them. They were lodged by the Chris- spiritual truth. I wanted a vision of tians in the city without charge, and some spiritual being, but all the time, after earnest study they set out on in spite of my efforts, my mind was their long homeward journey. There filled with thoughts I would fain have is also a special Bible school for a dismissed I could not get the victory. fortnight for those women who wish At the end of my stay on the mountain to become teachers or Bible women, side, when I went to the homes of my many of whom are supported by the friends, I was filled with disgust benative church. The Women's Mis- cause their conversations was all about sionary Society of the Central Church worldly advancement or interspersed has supported two missionaries for with filthy stories." some years. When Kil Moksa became a Chris- The morning school in the central tian he was equally filled with this paschurch numbered five or six hundred, sionate desire for righteousness, not so that when both men and women for himself only, but for his people. come in the afternoon to a united When his people seemed to be growservice of worship the church is full ing careless, he started a daily prayer- meeting at four o'clock in the mornto overflowing: it holds 1,500 to ing, and this was soon attended by 1,700.

A TRAVELER'S SUNDAY AT PENG YANG, KOREA

six or seven hundred people, with the Yang; it was a notoriously bad city. result that a great revival took place, The students at present number 126, and his people promised to spend over and the missions represented are the 3,000 days in trying to win others to American Presbyterian (North and a knowledge of Christ. South), the Australian Presbyterian, and the Canadian Presbyterian. The We next visited the Union Theo- college is a modest and unpretentious logical Seminary, vacated by the stu- building in native style, and it is dents on Sunday and used as a church. proposed to build dormitories round Here we found numbers of men all the compound as soon as the ground seated on the floor with the teacher in has been leveled. the center. The bulk of the teaching and preaching in Korea is done by The Presbyterian missions have natives, and every church has a native adopted a policy to encourage the pastor. The foreign missionary acts Koreans to rely upon their own efforts as superintendent of groups of for support, to build their own churches (sometimes as many as fifty churches in native style, and to underor sixty) extending over a large area take the work of evangelization at of the province. The college students their own expense. The offerings of were all busy on Sunday either preach- the Korean Church (that is, of all ing or itinerating in town and country, the missions) is said to be already and in order to facilitate this arrange- £25,000 ($125,000) per annum, and ment they have no classes on Saturday the number of converts is over 200,- afternoon or Monday morning. They 000; not a bad result to show for only remain at college only three months in twenty-five years of missionary work. the year, and spend the remaining nine in practical work. Their course extends The American Methodist Episcopal over five years, and by this arrange- Mission does not expect as much from ment the four missions which it repre- the native church as do the Presbysents are able to supply the requisite terians, and they keep the pastorate number of teachers from their or- and general control to a greater extent dinary staff of workers; these teachers in their own hands. They have larger can be spared from their work for funds at their disposal, and do not rethree months in the year, tho it is only quire the village communities to build in cases of special qualification that their own churches, whereas the the same man is sent three years in Presbyterians only help them with a succession. The head of the college loan, which is repaid in two years. is, of course, a permanent official, and Even the primary schools are entirely lives at Peng Yang. This is Dr. supported by the Koreans. The Moffett, who was stoned out of Peng Methodist Episcopal Mission has ini- Yang when he first came; he fre- tiated work among the blind, and it quently used to hear the remark as has a promising school of blind girls, he passed along the streets on those who are already preparing text-books early days, "Look at this black rascal! in Braille with a view to the opening Why did he come here? Let us kill of other schools for the blind. The him." Nowhere was the opposition to Presbyterians have also started a class Christianity fiercer than at Peng for blind boys, but it is more difficult to know what to teach them as a

means of livelihood than it is in the two schoolgirls may be mentioned as case of girls. They have begun to having learned by heart the whole of prepare a New Testament in Braille the New Testament, with the exceptype, but it will require a great deal tion of St. Matthew's Gospel, in the of revision; the British and Foreign course of a year. Yet less than thirty Bible Society has promised to print it years ago it was prohibited to sell as soon as it is ready, at cost price. the Bible in the "Hermit Kingdom," The lot of the blind in Korea is a sad as Korea has justly been called, and one; their sole means of earning a liv- it was only possible to do so by having is by practising sorcery. ing the Gospels done up in bundles, unbound, and distributed through In conclusion, I must add a word as the country by the natives. To them to the character of the native Chris- is mainly due the introduction of tians in Peng Yang, and equally ap- Christianity into Korea. plicable to all of the Korean Church. It is not only remarkable to see the Another striking feature of the number of Christians, but still more so Korean church is the importance they to see their character. One of the ablest attach to prayer, and their implicit speakers at the Edinburgh Con- belief in its efficacy. Where else in ference was the Hon. T. H. Yun, of the world is to be found a weekly Songdo, formerly Minister of Educa- prayer-meeting which habitually numtion, and leader of the native Church; bers thirteen or fourteen hundred? a man of culture and refinement, of Yet such is the case at the Central whom any country might well be Church at Peng Yang. The early proud. He spoke of the danger due morning prayer-meeting can not find to the extraordinarily rapid growth of a parallel, I think, in any of our home the Church, yet nevertheless urged the churches. desirability of trusting it with enlarged responsibilities. As far as my No less important is the characexperience goes this has been done in teristic of generosity both in the mat- ter of money and labor. In some Korea to a greater extent than any- churches they are hardly willing to where else in the many mission fields admit anyone as a member who has that I have visited. The Christians not already won at least one convert have shown such a keen desire for in- to Christianity. A form of contribustruction, together with such an apti- tion was started by which people tude for learning, that they are much promise to give a day's work during more capable of self-government, and a certain specified time. Last year of forming a national church, than there were over 67,000 days (or about would be conceived possible by those 200 years) promised throughout the who have not seen this wonderful country. It is hardly necessary to give people. They have devoted them- further details as to the generosity of selves with extraordinary ardor to the Koreans with regard to money the study of the Bible. The member- but I must point out that the majority ship of a great Bible class at Syen of the Korean Christians are ex- Chun is over thirteen hundred, and tremely poor, and great self-sacrifice the Bible is the most read book in is involved in the amount of work Korea to-day. The people memorize which they support, as well as by it apparently as well as do the Chinese; what they do personally.

HE LUCKNOW CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS TO

BY REV. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER TROWBRIDGE Missionary of the American Board at Aintab, Turkey.

Lucknow, the place of meeting for missionaries themselves for a large the second general conference on the number of books on the Koran and evangelization of the Mohammedan Islam were ordered from the Chris- world, is so centrally located that mis- tian Literature Society of Madras.

sions in all parts of the Indian Empire The program was strong and com- were well represented and other prehensive and Dr. S. M. Zwemer, the delegates from China, Persia, Arabia, chairman, carried it through in a tact- the Sudan, Egypt and Turkey ful and masterly way. At the close traveled thither by caravan, wagon, of almost every address he gave time train and steamship. Dr. Cornelius for prayer, thanksgiving, intercession, Patton had come from Boston by way confession, and the silent prayer which of Turkey, and Chancellor Mac- carried up to the throne of God the Cracken journeyed from New York deepest impulses and the most intense by way of the Philippines. It was petitions. The conference was thus regretted that no delegates were able profoundly marked by the spirit of to come from Java, Sumatra, Russia prayer.

or Central Africa. The main divisions of the program The presence of Archdeacon Ihsan were Pan-Islam, Political Changes in UlIah, Canon Ali Bakhsh, Rev. the Moslem World, Government At- Ahmed Shah and several other dis- titudes toward Missions, Islam among tinguished converts from Islam was Pagan Races, the Training of Mis- an inspiration, and their share in the sionaries, Literature for Workers and discussions of the conference threw Moslem Readers, Doctrinal and So- light on many difficult questions. cial Reforms, Reform Movements These men united in urging the mis- among Moslem Women, Mission work sionaries to rely upon methods of among the Women, and Practical kindness and good-will in seeking to Conclusions. A full report is to be win Moslems rather than to depend issued in two volumes.

upon learning and controversy. Two Dr. Zwemer's opening address, "A of these converts supported the posi- Survey of the Moslem W orId," was tion from their own experiences. remarkable for its force and for its One valuable part of the conference wide vision. This address closed with was an exhibit of books, leaflets, an appeal to Gpd to accomplish the newspapers, photographs and Moham- task which "with all there is of en- medan emblems gathered from all couragement to our faith, remains, big over Asia, Africa and the East Indies and baffling."

by Rev. William Goldsack. The pub- The extent and vitality of the Pan- lications included many books in Urdu Islamic movement were emphasized from the Punjab which are used in by papers representing Turkey, Africa the propagation of Islam. Another and Malaysia. Professor Crawford's manuscript shown was in Arabic, and graphic account of the recent political is circulated in China. One definite changes in the Ottoman Empire was result of the conference will thus be of special interest because it brought an increase of intelligence among the to view the underlying causes leading

to the revolution of 1908, and because people and are often controlled from it appealed for a sympathetic approach a 6"reat distance, but religious reform on the part of all Christian workers. movements spring from the hearts and Rev. James Adrian, of the Celebes, millds of the people, and represent gave a detailed account of how Mos- much more truly that with which the lems secure a foothold and gain pres- missionaries have to deal. The two tige among pagan races. papers, written by Canon Weitbrecht The two reports from China modi- and Dr. John Giffen, were of the fied the estimate made at the Cairo highest value. The discussions turned Conference regarding the extent of chiefly upon reform movements in Islam in China, and portrayed the India, and the question as to whether neglected condition and the spiritual Islam is losing its hold upon the destitution of the ten million Moslems students who profess that faith. Dr.

in that empire. Wherry, who at many points through- Miss Jennie von Mayer's account of out the conference gave the delegates th~ activities of the Orthodox Greek the benefit of his sound judgment, ex- Church Missions throughout the prest his conviction that missionaries Volga districts, Central Asia and should feel no anxiety about Moham- Siberia was of the highest value be- medan reforms because such move- cause written out of personal ex- ments are in reality away from Islam.

perience and covering a vast Moslem Work among Moslem women was area scarcely touched upon at the discust by Miss de Selincourt who Cairo Conference. laid stress upon what she so aptly Rev. C. G. Mylrea closed an able termed "the ministry of friendship."

paper upon the missionaries' course of Miss Holliday described the share study upon the field by advocating which Persian women have taken in a training school for teaching the the rapid changes of the past three Arabic languages and Koranic sub- years, and she narrated many in- jects, to be established at Cairo. This stances of gospel work in Tabriz.

plan was later incorporated in the Dr. Patrick's paper described with a final resolutions of the conference. fine sense of Turkish history the legal The papers on literature will be status of the Moslem woman, and valuable for future reference. It was gathered up the noteworthy achieve- difficult to grasp their full significance ments of Turkish women in arts and from hearing them rapidly read. letters. To many of the delegates the Much has been published in Urdu most stirring paper of the Conference and there is a growing literature in was Miss Lillian Tratter's appeal for Arabic; but many books are too thE' production of attractive literature sharply controversial. There are very for Mohammedan children. Written fe," publications in Turkish, Javanese, in Algiers on the last evening of Russian and Chinese. Ramadan, the whole paper breathed The subject of reform movements out the deepest emotion and sympathy.

should have occupied a whole day and A hush fell upon the conference room should have taken up the various as all hearts were touched by the countries one by one. Governments writer's exquisite style and still more are more or less imposed upon the by her depth of feeling.

ASPECTS OF THE MOHAMMEDAN

The same day the Rt. Rev. Bishop that a commission of two missionaries Lefroy, of Lahore, brought before the be sent across Africa to secure before conference a series of resolutions pre- the next conference the fullest inforpared with the utmost care and after mation regarding the activities and much prayer by a special Reference extent of Islam in that continent. Committee. Everyone was passed Cairo, with London as alternative, unanimously. This is the more re- was chosen as the place of meeting markable when one realizes that in 1916. throughout the conference widely differing convictions had been ex- Bishop Lefroy's address on Saturprest upon many vital issues. The day afternoon, following a paper preneed which was emphasized above all pared by Dr. Robert E. Speer, took others was the speeedy advance of into consideration both sides of Christianity throughout the Sudan and several essential questions, and consti- Central Africa, making a cordon of tuted a strong plea for appreciation of stations from Uganda to Nigeria in upright government officials, for fair order to stem the advancing tide of judgment in forming opinions of Islam among the pagan tribes. It Mohammed and his prophetship, for was declared to be the firm convic- the sympathetic "ministry of friendtion of the conference that the ac- ship" in dealing with Moslems, for the ceptance of Islam by the animistic possibilities of service for those mistribes is not an aid to their ultimate sionaries of no specialized preparation acceptance of Christianity, but exactly as well as for those of high training the reverse. The resolutions advocated and linguistic ability. He urged direct a close relationship with the Con- evangelistic work in such places as the tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh Indian markets, and he invited all to Conference, especially in the matter of unite in prevailing prayer that the work influencing governments to guarantee done may be of God and to the glory religious liberty and to maintain a true of His Son, our Savior, Jesus Christ. neutrality. A proposal was also made Encouragement and inspiration has come to all workers for Moslems.

PRESENT ASPECTS OF THE MOHAMMEDAN PROBLEM * BY REV. CHARLES R. WATSON Consider first the movements of given as to the significance of the Islam itself, and then look at the de- Revolution of 1908. There are those velopments in the Christian missionary who believe that a great debacle is inworld which bear a direct relation to evitable, and that Turkey is a doomed Islam. empire. Others are bold to believe that an empire that did not disinte~ Events in the Moslem World grate under an inefficient and tyran- nical and despotic regime, may well Events at Islam's political center, hope to hold together under a more on the Bosphorus, claim first con- liberal, humane and enlightened sideration. The new regime is ever regime. It is of the utmost interest the object of the most careful study and new verdicts are constantly being * From a report of the committee at the Foreign Missions Conference of North America.

from a religious point of view that men to Europe for study in non- the Sheik-ul-Islam has issued to the Moslem schools, because of the way in Moslems of Turkey, a statement en- which these schools loosen the hold of deavoring to prove to them from the the Mohammedan religion upon the writings of Mohammed and others, lives of these students.

that constitutional government is not Looking northward to Russia, Islam contrary to the teachings of the is either developing at an alarming Koran and that the equality of Mos- rate or else its actual power is becom- lems, Jews, and Christians, before the ing more manifest. A most able law, is good Mohammedanism. It is article by Mrs. Sophy Bobrovnikoff in said that the French Government has The Maslem Warld shows that there regarded this utterance as so signi- are from I7,000,000 to 20,000,000 ficant that it has ordered it translated Moslems in Russia, and that this body into all languages of the Moslem terri- of Moslems possesses a unity and a torities, subject to France, and pur- political influence and a missionary poses to give it wide distribution. zeal which are almost entirely un- Among the marked and continued checked by any Christian missionary results of the new regime in Turkey effort, and are rather advanced by are, on the one hand, allowance of certain governmental policies. Recently greater freedom of speech and action the Emir of Bokhara visited St.

to missionaries and to Turkish sub- Petersburg. The reception accorded jects, and, on the other, the effort him is reported to have been that due to rehabilitate Islam. The Moham- to a royal personage rather than that medans of Turkey are not only rous- due to a vassal. During the Emir's ing themselves to the importance of visit the corner-stone of the first modern education, but to the fact that mosque in St. Petersburg was laid in education is not simply to train the the presence of the highest Russian mind, but has for its object the dignitaries. The Emir occupied the development of character. In the place of honor and the highest prospectus of a Mohammedan college Mohammedan priest of St. Peters- contemplated in Constantinople, the burg, the aged Achun Bajasitow, made statement is repeatedly made that the the chief address, referring to the purpose of the college is to develop Czar as the protector of the followers and train character as well as to give of Mohammed.

an education. There is also a general In Persia, conditions have remained sense of the necessity of resisting in much the same during the past year some concerted way the Christian in- so far as Islamic tendencies are con- fluences that are pouring into the em- cerned, while political unrest and in- pire. There is an alarm at the in- security of government have gone fluence of Christian educational insti- from bad to worse, all but inviting tutions upon Mohammedan youth. In British and Russian intervention, pos- the Moslem papers in Turkey, there sibly even the partition of Persia!

appear frequent articles by leading In Arabia, the religious center of Mohammedans protesting against Islam, there have been reactionary sending their children to Christian tendencies and anti-Turkish move- schools or the sending of their young ments. These, however, are rather

limited to the Meccan sphere of in- voluntarily withdrew the publication fluence. Along the coast, especially for a while. It is too early to report along the Persian Gulf, the influence upon the Pan-Moslem Congress adof the new regime at Constantinople vertised to meet in Cairo, in February is felt. of this year. It is in charge of a com- mittee under the presidency of the In Egypt, the educational center of chancellor of the Azhar University. Islam, the Nationalist party has continued to fulminate against the British In Abyssinia, where a nominal occupation, and raises the cry "Egypt Christianity, characterized'by desperate for the Egyptians." The assassina- ignorance and formality, possesses tion of the Prime Minister, Butros little resisting power, Islam is reported Pasha, an Egyptian but a Christian as advancing with great rapidity. (Copt), and the subsequent endorse- Only one-third of the Maensa tribe ment of this dastardly deed by the and half of the Bogos people are said Moslem press shows that the real to stilI adhere to the ancient national meaning of this rallying cry is faith. "Egypt for the Moslems." In northern equatorial Africa, the It was a strange commentary upon steady opening up of the country by the true genius of Islam that the trade is robbing pagan tribes of the se- Mufti, the highest authority on curity of their isolation and bringing Moslem law in Egypt, refused to con- them under the captivating influences cur in the execution of the assassin, of Islam. So serious is this advance of first, because the murder was com- Islam, not merely from a religious mitted with a pistol and the Koran point of view but from a political provides no penalty for the improper point of view, that at the National use of such a weapon; secondly, be- Colonial Conference, held at Berlin, cause the party murdered was a Chris- October 6th to 8th, 1910, representatian and therefore no crime was com- tives of the Government joined with mitted worthy of death; and, thirdly, missionaries in pointing out the danbecause the Government and not the ger, and emphasizing the necessity for relatives of the murdered man brought checking this tide of Islamic influence. the charge, and therefore there had been no real complaint(!) Con- In China, Moslems seem to have siderable political excitement has pre- abandoned any aggressive propaganda vailed in Egypt during the past year. of their faith and seem quiescent, but The wholesome rebuke administered there are evidences of efforts being by Mr. Roosevelt to a spirit of put forth from without, to press upon nationalism which would approve of the Far East the claims of Islam. murder was not relished by the Nine provinces of China report recent Nationalists. During the summer, visits of Moslem foreigners, speaking Moslem fanaticism made a rather bold Arabic or Turkish, whose aims are criticism of Islam and the Prophet evidently mIssIonary, and some which appeared in a missionary paper, Chinese students in Tokio have edited the occasion for demanding the sup- a Chinese Moslem quarterly entitled, pression of the publication. To allay M aslems, Awake! public excitement the missionaries This hurried survey of Moslem events would be inexcusably incom-

plete if it did not refer to the great crisis of opportunity and peril which stretches of Moslem territory which exists in Equatorial Africa, and which have no means of voicing their needs Commission I regarded as of such and of recording their events. These paramount importance, and which are fields unoccupied by any missions, must be met within the next decade unvisited by Western travelers, shut if it is to be met at all, apparently is up to silence and despair. Such are not engaging the serious and adequate Afghanistan, the heart of Arabia, and attention of the missionary agencies great stretches of Africa. The WorId of Christendom, partly because these Missionary Conference at Edinburgh agencies feel burdened with other re- called attention to these terntories, and sponsibilities, and partly because they if we allow the events of other sections have, for the most part, no work in of the Moslem world to voice their the territories in which this critical appeal to the Christian Church, it situation exists. A remarkable jour- behooves us to permit the silences of ney accomplished by Dr. Karl Kumm these unknown lands to make an even from Nigeria to the White Nile, along more pathetic appeal to our hearts. the border lines of Moslem Africa Missionary Eventa Among MOllema and Pagan Africa brings fresh testi- The most important event of the mony as to the urgency for action.

past year in its bearing upon mis- The Report of Commission IV, on sions to Moslems, as indeed in its "The Missionary Message," dealt in a bearing upon all missions, is the most sympathetic and discriminating W orId Missionary Conference of way with the problem of Islam. Its Edinburgh. The reports of three weakness and limitations were pointed Commissions bore especially upon the out without compromise. Then the Moslem problem. Report set forth in a very masterly Commission I, on "Carrying the way the character of the impact which Gospel to all the non-Christian Christianity makes upon the Moslem.

WorId," portrayed with great clear- This was done on the basis of a great ness the opportunities, the needs and mass of testimony from both converts the perils of the Moslem situation. and missionaries, so that everywhere After having surveyed the entire the treatment possesses the note of world, this Commission undertook to reality, and will be an invaluable guide point out the moves which might to Christian workers for the presen- prove most strategic for the realiza- tation of the Christian message to tion of the ideal of world evangeliza- Moslems.

tion, and recommended that, second Commission V dealt with the "Prep- and fourth in order of importance and aration of the Missionary." Here a urgency, among the "fields on which strong emphasis was laid upon the the Church as a whole should concen- necessity for a thorough study of the trate attention and effort," were the non-Christian religion with which the sections of Africa threatened by Islam, missionary must deal and for adequate and the Moslem world in which such provision being made, at all costs, remarkable changes have been taking to enable the missionary to master the place. language of his mission field. None It is a most pathetic fact that the more than those who deal with mis-

ASSIUT TRAINING

sions to Moslems will appreciate the Episcopal Board formally opened a importance of these two findings. It mission at Algiers with a superin- is worth noting that there are two tendent and a force of eighteen centers from which agitation is now workers, speaking seven languages.

going forth for the practical realiza- This is the first attempt which this tion of these ideals for the training of Church has ever made to work among missionaries to Moslems. The one is exclusively Mohammedan popula- from Potsdam, Germany, where two tions.

Turco-Bulgarian sheiks, recently con- Reports from missions along the verted to Christianity, form the Persian Gulf are full of encourage- nucleus of a training school for mis- ment. The new regime at Constan- sionaries to Moslems. The other cen- tinople has reacted in allowing un- ter is Cairo, Egypt, where it has been usual freedom to missions even in this proposed that a training school for distant section of the Turkish Empire.

missionaries be established. A more favorable attitude toward Leaving the Edinburgh Conference, Christianity is observable among the year 19IO may, in general, be Moslems of this region.

characterized as a year of unusual suc- In Egypt, there was held, this past cess in missionary work among Mos- summer, the Second Conference of lems. "We have never," writes the Converts from Islam. For three days secretary of one of the Boards con- and four nights some fifty converts ducting large operations in Moslem from Islam met for prayer, conference territory, "had so many Mohamme- and fellowship. An account of this dans in our schools as at the present conference by one who was present time and the tendency is to increase. and which is full of interest is given in There has never been a time when the January number of The Moslem Mohammedans have been so accessi- Warld, the new publication which ble, were so ready to talk about relig- promises to serve as a much-needed ious matters, or seemed so willing to and most effective agency for binding talk in a reasonable way as at the together in sympathy, thought and present time." service those who have the Moslem On April I, 19IO, the Methodist problem at heart.

THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE A STRATEGIC POINT IN THE CHRISTIAN CONQUEST OF NORTH AFRICA BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., EDITOR OF "THE MOSLEM WORLD"

A letter from a friend recently ex- that there were great institutions for prest surprize that there was so much the education and uplift of the people to be seen in Egypt in addition to carried on by the American missionthe ancient monuments. On a trip to aries I Those who desire to know Cairo and up the Nile this traveler something of the real present-day had learned a great deal about Egypt and of the Egypt-that-is-to-be the ancient civilization, Mohammedan must leave the regular routes of sightarchitecture, and the every-day life of seeing tourists and visit some of the the people, but was surprized to learn modern monuments which are in the

process of building; monuments of chapel, all of them desirous to become trammg, education and Christian preachers in Egypt and the Sudan, I character more durable than the felt that they were a chosen band inpyramids because they are being built deed and would make good. Many for eternity. of the students are very poor and are denying themselves greatly in order to On my way to Arabia it was my obtain an education. The college reprivilege to catch a glimpse of Assiut ceives no student unless he pays in Training College, which was charac- cash or in food $16 per year. This terized by John R. Matt in his book means a great deal in a land like "Strategic Points in World Conquest" Egypt. as one of the most strategic, most efficient and most fruitful institutions In the last annual report of the in the world. I can corroborate his American Mission we are told: "The characterization. Whether one con- full fees amount, at the lowest table, siders the location of this splendid to $40 per year; the balance the stucollege, its equipment and curriculum, dent must work out for himself the character of the work done, or the through the college bureau of selfever-widening circle of its graduates, help. At the beginning of this session the impression remains that here is a a boy about sixteen years old, who piece of missionary work of permanent had reached the third year preparapower and value. The present num- tory, a good student, and a pleasant, ber of students is six hundred and promising boy, found himself unable twenty; the staff of teachers numbers to pay the $16 per year. On investitwenty-seven, and out of two hundred gation it appeared that the boy is an and forty-five graduates from the col- orphan. His parents had left him four legiate department, over a hundred acres of land-their entire estate. have entered the Christian ministry. On his entering college, three years The splendid buildings are the result ago, he had sold his four acres, and of long patience in waiting, earnest with the proceeds he had been clothprayer, and tactful persistence in se- ing himself, providing his books, paycuring the needed funds. They were ing the college minimum, and working finished in 1909 at a loss of over in the dining-room so as to provide the balance. But his small fortune had $100,000. become exhausted, and he had noth- ing with which to pay the $16. A It was an inspiration to stand in the friend, a neighbor, was willing to commodious chapel on Sunday morn- provide his books and clothing. He ing, October 2d, and speak to the came asking, 'What shall I do? Give future leaders of Egypt on the "Cost me more work. I will do anything to of Spiritual Leadership," and the pos- earn my school expenses, and in sumsibility of leading Egypt away from mer work for my clothes and books. the past into a future of righteousness If you can not do anything for me I and liberty through Jesus Christ. I must go back to the fields as a day have never addrest an audience of col- laborer, and forever give up the hope lege men representing more of self- of further education.' The college denial and perseverance, and when I could not provide him more work, for spoke to the volunteers, fifty-one of whom were present after the morning

the applicants for help were far be- ment standards. The great prosperity yond the needs of the college for of Egypt in recent years, agriculstudent employment. But we could turally and financially, has given a not send him away-we gathered the new impetus to education, and the minimum by private arrangement." standard of requirement for govern- ment positions has been raised, yet the Men with such spirit equipped with curriculum in all the government a modern Christian education will be- schools is narrow and one-sided, procome the real leaders of the new ducing men who are fit only for clerk- Egypt, and it is because of the superior ship and government employment, moral and religious training which without higher ambitions for real Assiut College affords that the better- spiritual or intellectual leadership. class Copts, and even Moslems, all the It is this great need which is supplied way from Alexandria to Khartum, by Assiut Training College. The are sending their sons thither. Dur- Arabic courses given are thorough, ing one year (1908-09) eighty stu- and include both the so-called dents were led to Jesus Christ and THE NEW BUILDINGS OF THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE enrolled as church-members; the roll "primary" and "secondary" instrucof the college church now contains tion. A sheik educated at the Azhar, 330 names, .and the Young Men's together with a trained Arabic pro- Christian Association 124 members-a fessor, are in charge of this departstriking contrast to the comparative ment. History and science courses, figures in some American colleges as well as those in mathematics, are where the Church takes second place taught in English and Arabic, and the to the Christian Association. In the teaching in English is acknowledged Sabbath-school of the college, con- to be the best of any school in Egypt. sisting of the students and the women One has only to compare the atmosand girls from Presly Institute, a phere and the curriculum of the great sister institution, there is an average EI Azhar University in Cairo, which attendance of over 700 and the contri- receives so much free advertisement butions of the college church and from tourists, with those of this Sabbath-school in one year amounted modest institution far up the Nile, to to over $900 which was devoted to realize that Islam will not hold its own work in Egypt and the Sudan. even in Egypt. The future is with Christ and with His Church, and The curriculum of the college while the fanatic struggle between measures up to the highest govern-

rival parties of progress and stagna- to the Christianization of National tion is going on in Cairo whenever it is proposed to change the course of Life" at the Edinburgh Conference: study in the Moslem university, the American college is forging ahead on "There are in Egypt two systems of modern lines and winning its way in education apart from the schools the hearts of the people. maintained by Christian missionary bodies. The one is the professional The college is only at the beginning Islamic system, culminating in the colof its influence, because education in lege of El Azhar in Cairo. There are Egypt is still in its infancy. Only a number of elementary schools about twelve or fifteen per cent. of scattered over the country in which the population can read or write. Re- children are taught the Koran and elementary reading. The Government has recently begun to improve these THE LECTURE-ROOM IN THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.. ASSIUT COLLEGE ligious education is the great need of schools. The other system is that Egypt as of every other Moslem under the control of the Government, land in close contact with Western and is relatively neutral in religion, civilization. The old faith is being altho the Koran is taught in govundermined and is disintegrating by ernment primary schools, and until rethe impact of modern thought, and too cently Christian scholars had to attend often modern infidelity. Lord Cromer this religious instruction. The system was right when he said that "reformed of grants-in-aid has been introduced, Islam is Islam no longer." The house and government assistance is given to is empty, swept and garnished, but a large number of schools under has no habitant. An education with- private management. There are in the out religion will prove a peril and not country six secondary schools, four a blessing to Egypt. In this connec- of which are under the Egyptian tion we quote from the report of the Government, while the other two are Commission on "Education in relation private schools, one being the Coptic school in Cairo, and the other the American Presbyterian College at Assiut. There are five colleges for

19II ] THE ASSruT TRAINING

professional training in law, medicine, a mosque for prayer. Midway beengineering, agriculture, and teaching. tween these two centers of intellectual These are all government institutions, culture-the one for the old and the and are situated in Cairo. Christian other for the new Islam-stands Assiut Training College, built upon instruction is given only in the Coptic the foundation of the Apostles and the Prophets, with Jesus Christ as the school in Cairo and the American Col- chief corner-stone; His character and lege at Assiut among the institutions life the ideal of education and His of higher learning, and in the primary Gospel the living message on the lips schools, amounting to about 200, con- of hundreds of its graduates. All nected with the various missions at work in the country."

According to this report, the Amer- A GROUP OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS AT THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE ican College at Assiut is the only who enter it-Protestants, Copts, Protestant institution of higher learn- Greek Orthodox, Moslems, and Jews ing in the whole Nile Valley where -come under the spell of Him who Christian instruction is given. Cairo, taught as never man taught. the intellectual capital of the Moslem world, still awaits the establishment of Like other growing institutions this a Christian university, and can only college greatly needs many things: boast its El Azhar. Khartum has its new dormitories, better dining-rooms, Gordon Memorial College, which residences for the permanent missionought to be a living testimony to the ary professors, endowment and an inlife of Gordon, who was above all else crease of the staff of teachers. None a Christian man, but is alas! Moham- of the travelers in Egypt should medan throughout, giving a four neglect the opportunity to see these years' course in the Koran and having greatest modern monuments on the Nile.

PEST OF SECTARIANISM *

BY J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D.

Egypt has always been noted for its to this day; but in their own estima- religions and its sects. In ancient tion they are the one only Apostolic times the country was greatly con- Orthodox Church in the world-the vulsed by the heretic King Amen- others are all "heretics."

hotep IV, about 1500 B.C., who re- Then came the hosts and generals jected the cult and gods of his fathers of the Khalifs, and Islam became the and became a follower of the sun-god. prevailing religion.

The King and his government and the During the passing centuries the heads of his new religion left Thebes Roman Catholics of Europe, of (modern Luxor) and founded a new France, Austria and Italy sent priests capital at Tell EI-Amarna, in Middle and bishops to try to guide the Egypt. It was in the ruins of this "heretic" Egyptians, both Copts and city that the famous tablets, written in Moslems, back to their former beliefs, the Babylonian language, several cen- and a certain number became Roman turies before Moses' day, were found Catholics.

a few years ago-the tablets which The Protestants, in some five or six gave certain critics of the Bible some denominations, have also entered the bad half-hours, since they proved that country, and lately by their schools ahigh degree of civilization and learn- and preaching, and wide distributions ing existed in Mesopotamia, Syria, of the Scriptures, are profoundly Palestine and Egypt in the age before moving both the Monophysite Copt that of Moses, and that, therefore, he and the Monotheistic but Christless or another of his time, so far as gen- Moslem.

eral knowledge and literary attain- Good men at the present day lament ments are concerned, could easily have the existence of these many divisions written the Pentateuch. among Christians and especially The Persian kings, in their cam- among evangelical Christians. But, paigns in Egypt, interfered with the unfortunately, altho a number of the Egyptian gods and their religion, larger and older denominations in dif- notably Cambyses. Then came the ferent parts of the world are uniting Greeks, and they, too, brought new and healing the ancient schisms, there gods and new beliefs. are, from time to time, new schisms In the Christian era another new being formed and men of every de- religion entered the land, claiming the nomination identify themselves with adhesion of all the people, and before them. For instance, in America, from the seventh century A.D. Egypt was all among our own people, men trained in Christian. In the fourth century, our own Church and our own colleges, however, arose Melitius, bishop of have become adherents of the Assiut, and a little later Arius, of Plymouthites, the Zionists or Millen- Alexandria, who founded sects which nial Dawn people, the Penie1 Band, the greatly troubled the peace and pros- Pentecostal people, the Holiness move- perity of the Church in Egypt, and ment, the Christian Scientists, the have greatly troubled the theological Dowie movement, the Adventists, etc.

world ever since. And then came the So, in Egypt, to our great grief, some great philosophical-theological contro- of our young Protestants, the sons versy as to the nature of Christ, and teachers of the college among whether he had one nature and one them, differing with one another, per- will or two natures and two wills, the haps, on certain phrases of doctrine, result of which was that the Christians or for other reasons, in imitation of of Egypt nearly all separated from the their ancestors, and like men in other rest of the Christian world, and ac- lands, have divided and divided again, cording to the language of those in their religious affiliations.

times, they have continued "heretics" The Plymouth Brethren in Egypt, * Condensed from The United Presbyterian.

PEST OF

whose peculiar beliefs were first posed from the ministry and from brought to Egypt by one of our own membership in the Protestant Church. missionaries in the late '60's, have di- A certain part of his pastorate sympavided into two sects. The head of the thizing with him, he attempted to larger body is one of our college grad- form them into a separate congregauates, a man of a good deal of force, tion and at once endeavored, by letintellectual and spiritual, a former ter and by personal visits, to induce pastor of one of our churches, and a people under discipline in other conman of whom we had hoped much. gregations, or those disaffected for The Plymouth Brethren in Egypt, any reason, to gather adherents and large and small, number perhaps four organize independent congregations. or five thousand, nearly all in upper But his intolerant character being well Egypt. known, his efforts failed. He remains almost alone, but still the head of his When the Holiness movement mis- movement! sionaries (Canadians) came to Egypt, several of our college men, with others, We lament these defections and associated themselves with them, and these divisions, but doubtless, while one who for years was the trusted human nature remains what it is, men head of one of our largest schools has will get the big head, or the contracted become the chief assistant of the move- conscience, or an excessive afflatus of ment. These people, instead of going spiritual ambition, and will separate into places in which our mission or from their brethren. our Protestant synod has no work, or into the ChristIess Sudan, invariably The college gave these men intelenter the towns and villages where our lectual and spiritual training, but it people or the Plymouthites are estab- couldn't regenerate them nor sanctify lished, and try to pervert them. They them. And they are, after all, very number several hundred. few of our entire people; and were all the disciples of the greatest Teacher The Seventh-day Adventists, on earth ever saw faithful to their their arrival in Egypt, found one of Teacher and His teachings? our former students, a pastor under suspension by his presbytery. He at But, while these may seem instances once embraced, at least ostensibly, of normal ecclesiastical perversity, the their beliefs and became their chief college has somewhat indirectly been helper, the Egyptian head of their connected with the formation of a movement. The Plymouthites, the heathen religion. In the year 1871-73 Holiness people and the Adventists al- it had on its staff a Syrian teacher, a ways seek for persons under discipline Christian and a graduate of Beirut in our mission churches, whom they College, a certain Abdallah Ibrahim make the nuclei for their work! The (or Ibrahim Girgis). His conduct Adventists have a very insignificant and success as teacher net being very following. satisfactory, he was dismissed. He re- turned to Syria and is now the Amer- Another of our students, a graduate ican head of the curious Oriental and one of our ablest pastors, intellec- heathen sect called the Behaieen, with tually, attempted to form a sect of his headquarters in Chicago. This sect own-of the Independent or Congre- had its rise in Persia. It spread to gational sort. He loved the world and Syria and became somewhat numerthe things of the world, and was fast becoming a land-owner and rich. He ous in certain localities. Some of its ruled his congregation with a rod of members came to America, among iron, but finally, through certain in- them Abdallah Ibrahim. He soon bediscretions in conduct and certain in- came influential among them and was stances of unusual tyranny, he was re- made their chief, with a great, highported to his presbytery and suspend- sounding title. He claims a following ed. Refusing to submit, he was de- of millions and assumes great state and ceremony in his official functions.

Neither Beirut nor Assiut taught him claimed and secured these rights. It the doctrines of Beha! therefore became necessary that each Christian religious denomination Another of our students has become, should have an official representative in a sense, the head of a denomination, or agent to act on its behalf with the but he bears quite a different style. In Government in all civil matters and the beginning days of Assiut he was affairs pertaining to its interests and one of its students. When he became to the interests of its members, in acprepared he went to Beirut College and cordance with these laws. The Copts, graduated there in 1874. For two Catholics and other Epis.copalian sects years after graduating he taught in designated their patriarchs or bishops Assiut College. He afterward studied as their agents. But the Protestant law, and has become a very prominent denominations (except the Anglican), lawyer, well known throughout the not having an individual as a spiritual country for his eloquence and success head who could also act as its civil as a pleader before all the native courts head, chose, in 1900, this former stuof Egypt. He is also a very popular dent and teacher of the college as their public speaker and lecturer. He is a civil head and legal agent. On State thorough Protestant and a leader in occasions and at State functions he apthe political movements in Egypt; in- pears with the haughty patriarchs and deed, he is the founder and head of prelates. They are drest in their ofone of the political parties, the "sanest" ficial pontifical robes, resplendent with of them all. orders and gold lace, but he is clothed in the ordinary Oriental gentleman's Islam being the State religion in dress suit. He serves without salary. Egypt, the native Christian denomina- Last February the Synod of the Nile tions existed for a number of years on had its photograph taken with its civil sufferance. But in 1855 a decree was agent seated between the moderator issued by the Sultan of Turkey, a and the clerk. An enlarged copy of province of which Egypt is, granting this photograph was suitably framed to each Christian denomination the and presented to the agent as a mark of the synod's respect and gratitude right to make its own laws for. mar- for many services rendered to it and riage, divorce, inheritance, etc. These its members. laws are officially recognized and, if necessary, enforced by the State. The Protestant denominations in Egypt MISSIONARY WORK IN LOGGING.CAMPS * BY REV. FRANK E. HIGGINS Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.

Fifteen years ago, while I was pas- tin cups and plates and iron knives tor at Barnum, Minn., some friends in- and forks were given to them, and vited me one day to go with them to their food was brought in large baskets see the "drive," or men floating the and pails. They soon showed appelogs down the river. After a long, tites seldom found elsewhere than on hard day's journey, we came to a point the "drive." on Kettle River where a large flatboat, called the vVanagan, was fas- After the meal, very much to my tened to the shore, and upon which surprize, several of those men asked several men were busy preparing the me to preach to them. I said, "Why, evening meal. In a short time the men, I didn't come out here to preach; horn blew and the men came from I came to see the 'drive.''' "That may various parts of the river, and as they be," they said, "but we want you to seated themselves around a large fire, preach now that you are with us." As I looked at them, I would have * From The Record of Christian Work.

WORK IN LOGGING

said, "That's the last crew of men camp than the men dared me to ride a that would ever ask a preacher to log. I knew I could not do this, but hold a religious service." They did it would never do not to take a dare not ask for a lecture or talk, they said, like that. I knew, too, I could swim, "Preach," indicating by the term that and therefore had no occasion to be they wanted to hear something of the afraid of the water. I tried the log, story of Jesus Christ. but it turned, and so did the preacher.

I took a large log for my platform. The men said that I closed the hole The men gathered near, some on the behind me several times that day, and grass, others on logs and stumps. We when night overtook us I had occasion sang songs, such as "Nearer, my God, to stand around the fire and dry my- to Thee," "At the Cross," and "Jesus, self with the rest. The men are in Lover of my SouL" Then I repeated the river nearly all day, keeping the some Scripture, offered prayer and logs in the moving water. I have seen gave them a short gospel talk. I will them in the early spring when they had never forget that beautiful spring eve- to keep pushing to one side the huge ning on the bank of the Kettle River. cakes of ice as they came floating It seemed as tho all nature joined with down from the north, and yet it is us in that meeting. There was not a healthier for the men than later, when sound to break the stillness of the the weather is warmer. Every eve- night air, except my voice and the ning as we sat around our fire, we'

water as it rippled on by us. When sang songs and held a gospel meeting.

the meeting was over, many of the Each meeting was more interesting men took me by the hand and told me than the one before. The last time I how they had enjoyed it. They ex- was with them that spring, I made plained to me how they had been up them promise to come and see me in the woods all winter long, many when they came to town and invited of them year after year; how some them to come to church. They prom- of them had even remained there from ised, but I must say I was doubtful, the time the winter camps broke till for I did not think those men would the "drive" commenced, as they: had go to church. But one Sunday in July, no better place to go. And they said, just as I was about to commence my "If some one like you would come out morning service, there stood three of and visit us, we would appreciate it, those men at the door. There they and we feel sure it would do good." were just as they had come off the The next morning before I left I saw "drive" the day before, with their big men wade across the river to their corked shoes, overalls stagged off just armpits, and one man even swim, that below the knees, woolen shirt open at they might take me by the hand and the breast, and slouch hat carelessly make me promise to come again, which thrown on the back of the head. I at I did. So at different times that once went and took them by the spring I put a pack on my back and hand, and told them how glad I was went over the trail to where the crew to see them. The result was they came were working, for each week they again and brought others, and those were drifting farther down the Kettle, who had families let the children come toward the great Father of Waters. to the Sabbath-school, proving to me I have always felt that if a mission- that it paid many times over to visit ary is going to do the most effective that army of men in the forest, who, work, he must be, as much as possible, people said, could not be reached with one of his people. So I did not go on the gospel.

the river in the garb of a preacher, but The summer passed, and during the with my corked shoes, woolen shirt fall the men commenced going to their and slouch hat. No one would have winter camps. Many of them made taken me for a preacher as I tramped me promise to visit them again. I over the trail. I was no sooner in deemed it a great privilege to visit the

logging-camps. For a while I had what he wanted me to tell his family, been raised in the woods, and had seen he said, "Thank God, Mr. Higgins, considerable logging, but never on the you came to camp." I asked him large scale it is done in the West. It what he meant. He said, "After hearwas interesting to see those long log ing you preach that night when I buildings where the men sleep, a door crawled into my bunk, I pretended I at each end, a large stove in the mid- was fixing the blankets, but for the dle, in which several large cord-wood first time in twenty years, I was on sticks can be put at once; on both my knees asking God to make a better sides, the long tier of rude bunks, two man of me." He continued: "I am not afraid to die, but I want before I or three high, with a little hay and go to turn your attention to those poor blankets. In another long log build- fellows in the camps. Go back to ing, with board tables covered with oil- them, preach to them as you did that cloth, running the full length of the night, tell them of Jesus Christ and building, and in the corner two large His love. You think perhaps that they ranges, the cook and his helpers pre- are hard to reach, but they have great pare the food. The big barns where hearts, and as soon as they learn to the horses are kept, the blacksmith know you, they will trust you." As he shop, the filer's shop, give it the ap- talked I could see him grow weaker, pearance of a rude viIIage, right in the and soon I drew the sheet over his heart of the forest. The splendid ice face, for he was gone. I stept out to roads leading to the landing, the won- the corridor to call his brother over derful way in which the men conjured the 'phone. While waiting for him to the forest, were all most interesting. come, if ever it was made plain to a As soon as I came into one of these camps, the men would ask me to person what his life's work should be, preach for them. it was made plain to me that night. I never had any doubt concerning my Shortly after this, I was warned by call to the ministry, and as clear as some of the brethren of the Duluth that ca1l was, while yet a mere boy, Presbytery (of which I was a mem- it was no more clear than the call that ber, and under which I was studying day to go back to the forest. Up to for ordination) that unless I paid less that time, like many other young men, attention to lumberjacks and more to I had been building my air castles. my missionary field, my ordination Some day I was going to be a pastor of might be many years off. But already a fine church and enjoy all the luxuries such impressions were made on my that I dreamed went with big churches. life that this was not going to affect But that day all those air castles vanmy plans. One day that spring a team ished and I could not help thinking of came to my door with some of the those last words: "Go back to the men, saying they wanted me to go with camp." Then I thought of my life, them to a homesteader's shack, that how, as a boy, I had been raised in the one of their number was sick and they forest. After all, had not God in His had brought him in from camp, and that he was asking for me. We went marvelous way fitted me for just this to his home. There I found his wife field? and children in much need of sympathy and help. The doctor told us he Let us look at this field in Minnemust be taken to a hospital for an sota. We can start at Duluth and go west over two hundred miles, till we operation. We placed him in a sleigh, took him to the station, put him on a strike prairie land. Then we can start cot and I accompanied him to the hos- at Brainard and go over two hundred pital in Duluth. After a hurried ex- miles north through the great timberamination the doctor told me there belt, till we strike the Rainy River or was no hope for him. I broke the Canadian boundary. Here in the news to him, and after telling me northeastern part of our great State, it is estimated that there are more

WORK IN LOGGING CAMPS

than 20,000 men toiling in the forests. community was looked upon as a great Then over in northern Wisconsin and event. Upon one occasion when one northern Michigan, where they tell us of the largest saloons and gamblingthe timber is a1l cut, there were last halls in northern Minnesota was winter at least 20,000 more. Then we can go west to western Montana, opened, beautiful printed invitations Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Cali- were sent to many ladies of the town fornia, and we find anywhere from to attend in the afternoon, my wife 20,000 to 50,000 in each of these among them. I mention this to show States. I have traveled over a large the condition of public sentiment that part of this field, and, as far as I can would allow such things to take place, learn, the Church has entirely over- and when a few of us dared to declare looked it, and the sad part is that con- war on this wide-open policy, a cry ditions are growing worse for these went up tli"t we could ruin the tOWf! ; that it was supported by lumberjacks. poor men. and if they could not have gambling Twenty years ago the men logged by and drinking, that they would go to other towns. I then went to many of river; that is, they went up the river the camps with a petition for the men far away from civilization, but they to sign, asking the authorities to enwere far away also from the tempta- force the law. Over ninety per cent of tions of civilization. They were in the all I was able to reach gladly signed woods all winter, and many of them the petition. Many of the townspeoremained to come down on the "drive" ple said it was not the preacher's in the spring. They were down but a place to be stirring up such a fuss, and short time when they again returned to some even refused to any longer suptheir home in the forest. They were port the church. I then said I would then spoken of as the hardy, brave, resign my position as pastor and begood-hearted men of the forest. But come the pastor of the men in the of late years they log more by rail. woods; my church would be the log- When a certain tract of timber is to ging camps. How some of the people be cut, a railroad is run through the laughed! They said I would be lost, forest, long before even the ruad is I would no longer be heard of, I would finished. Small towns, consisting of be harder to find than a needle in a log buildings and tar-papered shacks, haystack. But I went to a different spring up, the majority of which are camp every day. Night after night saloons, gambling-hells, and other for months I raised my voice against places of sin. I knew one town in this wide-open policy. Gradually we the northern part of Minnesota in saw public opinion turning in our which, before there were 2,000 people, favor. The gambling-halls were there were forty-six saloons, twenty closed, the brothels driven out and, gambling-places and five large brothels. thank God, the Government of the Twelve miles north was another small United States of late has stept in and town where the stumps yet stood in closed all the saloons in many towns. the streets, no church, no schoolhouse, And best of all, public opinion is now but several saloons. A mile and a aroused. Better government is dehalf further another town with six manded by the people, and last winter saloons; five miles further another as I traveled from camp to camp I met town with fifteen saloons; and eight thousands of woodmen and all I spoke miles further still twenty-five more to rejoiced that the change has taken saloons. These towns were all on the place.

wide-open policy. Sunday was often Many people want to know how the their biggest day. Many times when work is carried on. We divide the one of these saloons was opened, the camp region into different circuits mayor, councilmen and county attor- over which we place a missionary. ney were invited to make speeches; in The circuit has twelve, fifteen, perfact, the opening of a saloon in the

haps twenty camps, and each camp preach I went down to speak to them may have from sixty to one hundred and laid my hand on the shoulder of and twenty men. The missionary the man who was turning the stone.

holds meetings almost every night. At once we were in each other's grip.

During the day, with a pack on his I grabbed for the under hold and back, he travels to another camp, al- soon had my man up against the door.

ways sure there are a number of the I heard a rush and then a voice be- boys glad to see him and do what they hind, calling out: "Stand back! They can to make him feel at home. In the must fight it out. I will brain the first evening when supper is over and the man that dares to interfere with this horses are taken care of, the meeting peavey-handle." By the door stood a begins in the long, low building where full barrel of water from which the the men sleep, known as the Bunk men took water to wash. My man Shanty. After some singing, the jerked sideways and head first he went Scripture is read and prayer offered, into the barrel. I sprang back, saying, then a gospel talk. Some ask, HIs HOh, I hope I have not hurt him,"

there ever any disturbance in the when the man with the peavey-handle meeting?" Very seldom, and if there said: "Hurt a Frenchman with is, it is by some one that does not un- water? Well, I guess not. Just go derstand our purpose. In the early ahead, Pilot, with your meeting; we'll days when I first commenced going to attend to him." They rolled him on the camps, there were those who mis~ the floor, threw him up in a blanket, understood me, some thought I was and made the greatest fun of the whole trying to proselytize, others that I was affair. When I exprest sorrow for after their money. The only concep- him, they laughed, saying, "He would tion many of the men had of a not be sorry for you." After the preacher was that he was after money, meeting they wanted to talk about it, and when I learned how they had been but I told them I was ashamed of the treated I was not surprized. But whole proceeding. I realized I had when I held meetings and did not take made a mistake. I had crossed the up any collection, many of the men French trail and some time I might be would ask what it meant, and when I going through the forest all alone with explained to them that I had given up no man with a peavey-handle to show my church to be their pastor, they fair play, and that night in my dreams could not understand it. In the spring, the trees of the forest seemed to be twenty of those camps gave me $513 filled with Frenchmen. The next and said: "Come again. Weare morning I was aroused from my slum- willing to do our little, when a man ber by a hand on my shoulder. I shows he is on the square." So only looked up and there was my French- once a year do we ask the men to man. I thought at once there was give an offering for the work; then more trouble for me, but to my sur- they can not feel we are after their prize he said he was sorry for what money. happened the night before. We took One night I was just commencing each other by the hand and for several my meeting when two Frenchmen be- winters, as long as we met, we were gan to grind their axes. The grind- warm friends.

ing stone is generally kept in one end But I was not surprized when later of the sleeping shanty. I told them I was told that a certain Frenchman I was about to begin my meeting and said he would "thrash that Pilot" the wished them to enjoy it with the rest first time he put in an appearance at of us. I knew by their answer they the camp where he was, and when I were bent on having trouble. After heard who it was I knew by reputa- singing a couple of hymns, I asked tion he could do it. Some months them not to grind during prayer, but later I came to the camp where this they kept on. Before commencing to man was. The proprietor had always

encouraged my work, but on account guage was something terrible. Some of this man who seemed bound to have of the men hung their heads with trouble, he told me I had better not try shame. Others said, "Don't pay any to hold meetings in his camp. At first attention to that man, Pilot, he is just I thought of moving on to avoid trou- crazy." I answered, "Never mind, ble, but on second thought, I said: boys, he is simply giving the preacher "This is the first camp on this line and a benefit." But when I left that word has gone all along what is going camp, many of the men said, "That to happen. If I pal?S by, the men will preacher is no coward." Wherever I say I am a coward, and if there is one heard the man spoken of, I said kind thing more than another that a lumber- words about him, for I knew every- jack despises, it is a coward." So, ex- thing I said would be carried back to plaining this to the proprietor, I said him. It is wonderful how God leads I would go and hold a meeting; it us. I was dreading going back to that would be better to take a thrashing camp on my next round. One Sun- than to be called a coward. I went to day evening, after holding three meet- the bunk-house to announce my pres- ings during the day, I drove into ence and ask the men what time we Teastrike, a small town, and put my would commence our meeting. Some dog-team in the barn. Everything was called out at eight o'clock. At that wide open and many of the men in hour I took my hymn-books and Bible from the surrounding camps had been and started for the camp. I had never drinking and gambling all day. I seen my man, but I knew him as I thought I would look at my dogs be- was giving out the hymn-books. No fore lying down for the night. On sooner had I given out the first hymn going to the barn I passed an ice- than he came up to the old board table house. Several cakes of ice were out and flung the hymn-book down before in front of it. It was between ten and me. I paid no attention to this. Then eleven o'clock and about twenty be- he picked it up and threw it down low zero. Lying among the cakes of again. He stood on the opposite side ice was the form of a man. Of course, of the table. We stared at each other. I thought he was frozen to death. I You could have heard a pin drop, as all rushed back to the saloon for help.

the men felt sure a row would start. The first man I met was the one I I called out, "Men, let us sing 'At the least expected, old Joe, the French- Cross,' and let us sing it as we have man. He had his lantern over his arm never done before." He turned and starting for camp, after a day of de- kicked over a bench; then went to bauchery. I asked him to come with the water barrel, took a cup of water, me, which he did; we pulled our man drank part of it and flung the cup and out of the ice pile and took him into the rest of the water across the camp. the saloon. I laid him on my fur coat Then he climbed into his top bunk and on the sawdust floor. He was still tried to talk to his bunk partner, the alive, and after some rubbing came partner doing his best to keep him to his senses. I told the saloon-keeper quiet. After we got through singing, I to take care of him, and not to hurry offered prayer, read the Scripture and him out to the woods, he had had a gave a short gospel talk. Then I close call and that I would stand all said: "I am feeling tired to-night, expenses. The saloon was filled with men. I have had a long tramp through men; many of them were already laid the forest to-day. Some of you please out, some on the floor, others in the gather up the books and bring them snake-room. In one corner of the to the office." I knew better than to room the roulette-wheel was being hang around after the meeting was played, over further the poker table, over. and near by the faro table. The coun- The next day I was on the works ter was lined with men; in fact, the with the men. The Frenchman's lan- place was a living hell. Old Joe had

seated himself on a corner of the bar. me he was working down on the log- There he sat, looking at the old man ging road leading to the landing. It while I was working over him, but was very cold, over twenty below not saying a word. zero. When I came to where the old man was working, I said, "Good- A few days later I was again in the morning." He just grunted. I then camp where I dreaded to go. You can said, "It is pretty cold." "No colder imagine my surprize to find old Joe than it ought to be." "You are workone of my best listeners. What could ing very hard." "No harder than I it mean? As soon as the service was ought to work. If other people would over he said: "Pilot, I want to see work and quit bumming the country, you. How is our man we pulled out it would be better for them." I was of the ice pile?" "Oh," I said, "he has about to leave and count my efforts a gone back to work." "Well, Pilot, you failure, when his little dog came out settled me that night." In my aston- of the brush. "Hello," I said, "you ishment, I said, "Why, Joe, what do have a nice little dog." He looked up you mean?" He said, "I mean this: for the first time and said, "Yes, and Last night coming home through the that is my only friend." I knew I forest, I said to myself, 'If that is what missionaries are doing, pulling old had at last struck a responsive chorddrunken lumberjacks out of ice piles, love for the animal. I at once called paying their bills and saving their my two St. Bernards, my team that lives, it is time that the lumberjacks I so dearly loved, and said, "What were helping the missionary, and I am do you think of these? How would going to help." And while we took you tr:tde? Howald is your dog? each other by the hand, over a hun- How long have you had him? What dred men clapped their hands, for breed is he ?"-anything to keep up a they knew we were friends. That conversation. "I know how you love night as I walked up to the old office, your dog. Why, money would hardly I looked up to the starry heavens and buy these of mine. We have traveled thanked God that He had shown me many a mile through these forests. a new way of conquering men. Some days they have taken me forty miles at a stretch and when we have One day I was in another camp. The men said: "See yonder top bunk, been overtaken by night we have lain with the gunny-sacks sewed together down by the fire, company for each for curtains? The old man that oc- other, waiting for daylight. Yes, I cupies that bunk keeps himself from know you love your little dog, but you all the rest of us. Go and speak to surely did not mean it when you said him and try and get him to take part he was your only friend. I have a in the meeting." I went over, pulled wife and a little girl." I noticed tears the curtains apart and offered him a in the old man's eyes. "What have hymn-book and asked him to take part I said?" I asked. "I did not mean to in the service. He let out a roar, and hurt your feelings." "It is all right, all the men had the laugh on me. I Mr. Higgins," he said. And as he said, "Never mind, boys, we will go turned his head away, he added, on with the meeting." Two weeks "Once I had a wife and children," and later I was back in that camp. Again it seemed to me I had never heard the men wanted me to try the old such a sad story. That morning we man; I did and received the same re- became close friends and ever after ception. I noticed he had a little dog he was one of the first to welcome me that slept with him, and the men told in the camp. me it was all the companion he seemed to have. The next day as I was in the Another branch of this work is furworks visiting the men, I met the fore- nishing the men with reading matter. man, who is caned Hthe push." I Some years we distribute over five asked about the old man and he told tons of magazines and religious papers, and how the men appreciate

WORK IN LOGGING

them! Those that can not read have matter or reading to them; at other others read to them; some look at the times carrying fruit or writing letters, pictures. Several of the men have it may be the last letter to some loved learned to read in camp. One young one. One morning when I came home man said to me after a meeting in from the woods my wife told me there which I was telling of my experience was an urgent call for me at the hosas a boy in the forest, "If you could pital. Upon going over, I found it was start so late in life, I can, too, and I my dear friend Nill McDonald, a fouram going to." I got him First Read- horse teamster. I tried at first to ers, and a young man in camp taught cheer him up, told him how thankful him to read. To-day, instead of squan- he should be for such good care as dering his money, he holds a good the Sisters were giving him and promposition and has money in the bank. ised to do all I could for him. He Other young men who a few years thanked me, but said: "It is no use, ago were in the ditch, despised by all Pilot. The jig is up. Tell me, do you who knew them, are to-day my help- think I can make the grade?" I well ers, lifting men to a higher and nobler knew what grade he was speaking life. about. I had seen him in the forest The one great obstacle to be over- drive the four horses and many times he had succeeded in landing his heavy come in this work is the right kind of load at the landing. At the foot of men to be used as missionaries. Even the grades an extra team of horses is theological students and ordained min- put on ahead. This is called "the isters are not always the ones that can team of leaders." I told him he would do this work. One day as I was seated in a camp, passing the time looking need help outside of himself. He said, over an old paper, I came across an "You mean I will need another team article telling about General Booth and of leaders ?" "Yes," I said, "and, his early days in the Army. On one thank God, my boy, you have the occasion while addressing a large au- greatest of all leaders-Jesus Christ." dience in London, telling of his plans for the future of the Army, how he r read the story of the Prodigal Son hoped to have it in every country and city and town and village, one of his and God's love for the lost world as hearers called out, "But, General, where will you get your workers?" we have it in the third chapter of John, In an instant he answered, "From and knelt down by his cot in prayer. among those who are converted." I When I arose from my knees there dropt the paper, and said: "It is an was not a dry eye in the ward. I told answer to my prayers. If God has him I would come again, but later when I came back I saw a screen raised up such wonderful men in the around the cot in the corner. I knew ranks of the Army He can raise up what it meant. I stept around on tipmen from among the lumberjacks." toes. There was the Sister with her And He has, for some of my best men beads and book standing by his side. to-day are men who have spent the greater part of their lives in tbe r saw his lips move and bent over and woods, and I have faith to believe God will continue to raise up men in the took him by the hand. He spoke his last words: "Tell the boys I have woods who will be a power for good. made the grade." In a few moments Another branch of our work is he was gone. I drew the sheet over his face and said to the men as they caring for the sick. The Catholic lay on their various cots, "Boys, we Church has its splendid hospitals in many of the small towns, as well as will all have to make that grade some in the cities. When I or any of my day." helpers are in the towns, we visit these hospitals, sometimes taking reading Weare touching only the border of this field. We need more funds and more men that the noble men of the forest who have been so long neg- lected may have the gospel.

MISSIONARY

INDIA couraging, they are important and of Failure of Hinduism the highest promise. . . . Noone The Literary Digest published not who has taken any trouble to study long since the confession of eminent the question, to see the work itself Hindus that their religion must be to judge the character of those wh~ reformed to avoid destruction. They have been really won to the Christian acknowledge that they have neglected religion, can fail to recognize how wonderful the results have been, both the deprest classes, and that they lack in regard to the numbers of true consympathy for the distress and misery verts, and also in regard to the elevathat so widely prevails in Hindu tion of their character.''' society. They admit that the last three censuses show steady declines in the Indian Mission. to India Hindu population in the Madras presi- "If India is to be evangelized it dency, while there has been a steady must be by Indians," is now accepted advance in the number of Christians. as an axiom. In addition to the One writer says: "It has reawakened various Indian Christian Associations, among us the spirit of sympathy for and the Travancore and Cochin Naall distress and misery no matter tive Church Missionary Society and where found or under what circum- the Zion Church (Madras) Missionary stances." Another says: "The work Association, which are all more or less of foreign missions is waking up the "home missions," that is, aiming at educated classes of India. It has evangelizing the people close at hand made them realize that they would be speaking the same vernacular, there losing ground if they neglected to are two indigenous Indian missionary raise the deprest classes." Still societies. The Indian Missionary Soanother writes: "I am not sorry that Hindus are leaving their traditional ciety of TinneveIly, founded in 1903, faith in consequence of the endeavors commenced work among the Telugus of the missionaries to raise these de- in the Nizam's dominions in I 904with prest classes." Another Hindu au- a single missionary. Now there are thority says: "We count all sorts of 7 missionaries from Tinnevelly, asbeliefs as pertaining to Hinduism. sisted by 17 Telugu agents, carrying Atheists and agnostics are Hindus." on pastoral, educational and evan- gelistic work. There are Christians in HoW' the Go.pel Transforms 28 villages, containing over 900 cat- Sir Andrew Fraser, after thirty- echumens and 242 baptized converts. seven years of public service in India, The National Missionary Society of has recently written: "It is the India, of which Rajah Sir Harnam fashion among some Anglo-Indians to Singh is president, was founded at depreciate the native Christians of Christmas, 1905. It has on its rolls India, and such critics point to the I I missionaries and I I helpers, workfact that there is no Indian bishop. ing in the United Provinces, the Pan- Sir Andrew Fraser tells us that he has jab, Bombay (two districts) and formed a high estimate of the charac- Madras. The income is over 700 ter of many native Christians. 'We rupees a month.

have no reason to be ashamed of our Hinduism Loses to Christianity Indian brethren in Christ. For my- Hon. Mr. T. V. Sheshagairi Aiyer self, I have Indian Christian friends says: "Comparing the figures of the for whom I have as high a regard as last three censuses, for the Madras for my friends in the West, and whose Presidency, I find that whereas in 1881 characters I have recognized as be- out of every 10,000 people there were coming more and more Christlike as 9,143 Hindus, 620 Mohammedans, they submit themselves to His teach- and 228 Christians; in the year 1&;1, ing and to the influence of His spirit. the census showed 8,983 Hindus, 630 . . To me the results of Chris- Mohammedans, and 244 Christians tian missions are not small or dis- for every 10,000; in IgoI the figures

I] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

were 8,916 Hindus, 642 Mohamme- With his wife, Mr. Eddy sailed dans, and 269 Christians. These from Colombo for Hongkong March figures speak for themselves. I feel I to conduct a three months' evangeno doubt that when the figures of listic campaign in China. the next census are announced, it will be found that the Christian and Mo- The Gospel Among the Korwu hammedan population will have considerably increased, while the Hindu The missionaries of the Gassner population will have decreased pro- Missionary Society report that anportionate! y." other heathen tribe of India has yielded the first fruits to the preach- The Growth of a Decade ing of the Gospel. The tribe of the Korwas lives in the mountains and The Rev. A. E. Cook writes: "The the thick forests of Northwest J astenth session of the Raichur district pur, almost unapproachable, and unconference has just closed. In August touched by civilization. In the midst of 1900 the 1st quarterly conference of the jungle the Korwas subsist on of Raichur was held. From this small herbs and roots and wild beasts, beginning, within IO years, we see which they kill with bow and arrow. gathered in this same place this dis- They are of a nomadic disposition, trict conference of earnest Methodists, and, therefore, live in primitive huts representing a Christian community of of such lowness that they have to over 2,700 and reporting over 400 crawl into them, or in caves, or unbaptisms for the past year. Raised der protruding rocks. They are very for self-support Rs. 631. You should shy and timid, so that it has been alhear these men and women sing and most impossible to reach the tribe with pray and give their testimony. No the Gospel. One of the young men, waiting for one another. The work however, wandered away from the of the conference was carried forward tribe and became a servant of native rapidly in a regular and business-like Christians. He began to inquire into way. The papers read and discus- the truth and was converted. After sions which followed were of high due preparation, he has been baptized order and the prayer-meeting was in his native village of Kinkel (Birn), full of life. Sunday was the "big the other members of his family and day." Many Christians gathered in tribe showing little opposition to his from villages ten and twenty miles step. Thus the first fruit from the away. Beginning at 7 A.M., the ex- Korwas has been gathered. perience meeting rolled on for two hours, after which the district super- An Indian Mother intendent preached to a crowded house. The same place was again A splendid Indian Christian woman crowded .twice over in the evening." has passed to her rest by the death of Mrs. ] agannadham, widow of the George Sherwood Eddy's New Work late Rev. Pulipaka Jagannadham, an ordained missionary of the Dr. John R. Matt has secured the L.M.S. at Vizagapatam. Baptized cooperation of Mr. George Sherwood in her fifth year, Mrs. Jagannadham Eddy, of India, in the work of follow- received her early education under ing up the Edinburgh Conference. the London Mission. Her children, Mr. Eddy, of India, is to be secretary who are now an honor to the Indian for Asia, and will spend each year Christian community, owe everything seven months abroad and five months to the early home-training they had in America, conducting evangelistic received from her. Mrs. Jagannacampaigns for young men, developing dham took entire charge of the girls' the student volunteer idea, directing day school at Vizagapatam, and conconferences for the deepening of tinued to superintend it till 1896. Christian life, securing men for the Under her efficient teaching many an foreign field and participating in con- Indian Christian or Hindu lady reventions and missionary assemblies. ceived that training which has proved

useful to them as wives and mothers been discontinued. In 1904 there were of some of the leading men of the 318 missionary hospitals or dispentown. During the thirty years that saries in the empire. Mr. Jagannadham was pastor of the Telugu church in Vizagapatam, Mrs. In 1895 nine hundred cities in China ] agannadham also conducted weekly were closed to missionaries, and five prayer-meetings for the women of the whole provinces were without a mischurch, and Bible classes for the girls. sionary. To-day all provinces have Many of them through her teaching stations, and all cities are open to were led to give their hearts to Christ. Christian teachers. By her death at the age of seventysix the Telugu community has lost its Queue-cutting in China oldest member and the London mission the last link with Vizagapatam. The party of new ideas in China is making remarkable progress, and CHINA it has been urging the docking of the queue as the visible sign of the spread Chinese Mohammedans of new ideas. The reformers say that patriotism demands that every China- Nothwithstanding all that has been man should rid himself of all the written about the magnitude of the useless customs of the older time, and Chinese nation, it is with a sense of that there is no better evidence of genuine surprize that we read of a emancipation from hurtful conservadefinite body within that empire- tism than the absence of the queue. variously estimated as numbering be- The crusade was started not more tween three and seventy millions-still than three years ago, but it spread so "practically neglected" so far as di- rapidly that the cutting of the hair rect evangelical effort among them is was a short time ago advised from concerned. Even accepting the num- the throne itself and news dispatches ber as between five and ten millions, from China affirm that the new senate, it must be recognized that the problem or national assembly, has passed a presented by the Mohammedans of measure commanding the removal of China is an important one. all queues. A dispatch from Peking says that all the officers in the Imperial One of the most trustworthy mem- navy and in the army in the northern bers of a northern church was a Mo- provinces have fallen in line with the hammedan, who came of his own reform, that the members of the Waiaccord, and has never proved false. wu-pu, or Board of Foreign Affairs, Another church in the metropolitan now appear queueless. A foreign province has a deacon and several paper published in Hongkong estimembers who were formerly Moslems. mates that more than 40,000 Chinese In the west, the first ordained Chinese in that city and its vicinity cut off clergyman in the China Inland mis- their queues in the month of Decemsion came from a Mohammedan fam- ber alone. ily-having been brought in as a lad through the school. A church in one What Do the Chinese Believe of the coast provinces has eight or ten Islamic converts.-London Christian. China, within its enormous area, contains the largest amount of popu- Some Interesting History lation and of wealth united under one government in the world. What In 1807 Canton was the only place do these four hundred and fifty milin China where foreigners could re- lions of people believe? In a recent side; now all the country is open to address in New York City, Wu Tingmissionaries. Fang, Chinese Minister Plenipoten- tiary, said that as in this country there In 1807 Robert Morrison, the first was really but one faith, the religion Protestant missionary, reached Can- of Christ, so in China there was in ton. Eleven years later he published reality but one belief, that of Conthe entire Bible in Chinese. fucius. He made it clear that as In 1834 medical work began its beneficent career, which has never

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 30

America is Christian, in the same were so cruelly persecuted: "A few sense China is Confucian. He ad- months ago a man came to our station mitted that three systems of religious to buy a New Testament. As he lived belief, Confucianism, Taoism and a long way off, he had never before Buddhism, were recognized by the seen a foreigner or heard a preacher Government of China in its constitu- of the Gospel; but a copy of St. tion and laws, but stated that the first Matthew's Gospel, which some one of these was the only one that held had bought from a colporteur two the esteem and affection of the peo- years before, had fallen into his hands. ple. Long ago the struggle for He read this through several times, supremacy among the three was set- and wished he could understand its tled, and long ago the nation declared meaning better; so he came to us at a for Confucianism. He discriminated time when I happened to be away. them by saying, that Confucianism He decided to wait for my return, and appropriates to itself the realm of the in the meantime he read the New living, while Taoism and Buddhism Testament nearly three times right take possession of the realm of the through. His heart and his lips overdead. flowed with what he found in it. When I again reached home, I called A Pocket Testament League him to me, and he spent a long time in our near neighborhood, that he During the autumn of r909 a Pocket might attend all our services. Before Testament League was formed in his departure he begged for baptism." China with the object of encouraging -Evangelisches Missions-Magazin. Chinese Christians to read the gospels and epistles systematically. Each JAPAN AND KOREA member of the league undertakes to carry a copy of the New Testament, What Japanese Christiana Can Be and Do and to read a portion of it every day. Vigorous efforts are now being made Every now and then reports come to organize the League in every home which indicate that at various Chinese Christian congregation. The points Japanese converts to Chrismovement has already become very tianity are not in all respects what popular, and we of the Bible Society, they should be. Therefore the statenaturally, are doing our utmost to ment of facts which follows is pecustrengthen and extend it. Special liarly gratifying. At Kyoto, a new pocket editions of the New Testament railroad town in Manchuria, Chrisin Wenli and in Mandarin have been tian influences dominate the whole prepared, and these are sold to mem- community to a remarkable extent. bers of the league, through mis- . . The contractor having charge sionaries and Chinese pastors, at of track-laying is a Japanese noted not nominal prices-rd. per copy in strong only for business efficiency, but also limp cloth binding, and 2d. per copy for uprightness. While the workmen in cloth boards. We may mention were still living in sheds and tents he that these rd. Chinese Testaments cost had them build a church, the first the Bible Society over 3d. apiece to permanent structure in the town. The produce. In addition, postage and men employed a young Japanese freight are paid on parcels of New minister as pastor, paying him wholly Testaments to any and every part of themselves. A temperance society has China, so that the books may be been organized, and newcomers if not brought within reach of the poorest ready to join the church are per- Chinese Christian.-Bible in the suaded at least to join the society. World. Not long since, when Bishop Harris was passing through Kyoto, the rail- The Adventure of a Booklet road officials arranged to hold the train at the station while he visited the A German missionary in China church and baptized a group of waitwrites from the province of Shansi, ing candidates. where ten years ago the Christians

Superstition in Japan jukon was a Roman Catholic; his crime had nothing to do with his Heathen superstition in Japan is not faith, but rather with his patriotism, only found in out-of-the-way places, and his deed was deplored by all Ko- but even in the capital city, Tokyo, rean Christians. At a festival of the Tuitengu Shrine, held upon the fifth day of each month, While Lawyer Kamada was think- charms made of paper are sold which ing on the evident faith of Anjukon, are superstitiously believed to protect a Christian paper (Fukuin Geppo), the possessor from all disaster by edited by Rev. Hervey Brokaw of water. This festival day in November the Presbyterian Mission, came into was what is known in Japan as dog's his hands, and he was so imprest by day of the dog's month of the dog's the coincidence and by what he read year, and as it only happens once in on "The Cross of Christ," that he every sixty-one years, it was believed wrote Pastor Kakayama of Kure, askby the superstitious people that the ing for more books. These were sent, paper purchased on that day would be and as a result the lawyer was conof especially great effectiveness. verted and was baptized last Novem- Thousands thronged the streets ber. around the shrine waiting for the opening of the gates at midnight, and ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS the people were willing to pay extravagant sums for what is usually Numerical Strength of Islam sold at a paltry price. So great was the throng that men and women were The Turkish journals of Constantitrampled under foot, and a number of nople have been making up statistics people were seriously injured. A as to the number of Mohammedans in similar incident is reported to have the world and arrive at the following occurred at a shrine in Yokohama, total: tho the results were not so serious. The Ottoman Empire, 27,000,000; Industrial Exhibition Utilized Bosnia and Herzegovina, 600,000; other Balkan States, 100,000; Russia, The industrial exhibitions in J ap- 24,000,000 out of a total population anese provincial cities draw together of 135,000,000; India, 60,000,000, tens of thousands of strangers, to of a total population of 250,000,000; whom the gospel is being preached as China, 40,000,000; independent Asiatic far as possible. In the Nagoya meet- States, 20,000,000; Java and neighings, more than 3,000 persons handed boring islands, 25,000,000; Philiping their names and addresses as de- pines, 500,000. They estimate that the sirous of further instruction. In strength of Islam in Africa is no less Osaka, meetings held simultaneously than 60,000,000 to 70,000,000. In in 42 chapels and churches were at- conclusion the journals put the total tended by 15,000 people, and 1,300 number of Mohammedans in the registered their names as inquirers. world at 270,000,000, and affirm that In Nagoya, Mr. Soper has been hold- this number is being rapidly auging gospel temperance meetings in a mented by conversions, as well as by violin factory where IO,ooo violins are the large birth-rate, which is a feature manufactured annually. of Moslem life.-The Christian.

A Japanese Lawyer Converted Are They Christian or Moslem?

Kamada, the lawyer who was ap- There are about 50,000 people in the pointed by the Japanese Government to country around Ezeroum, Trapezund, defend Anjukon, the Korean assassin Chaldea and NeoCesaria (Asia of Prince Ito, was so much imprest Minor) who, tho outwardly conformwith the behavior of the assassin and ing to Mohammedanism, have for the evident sincerity of the man, that generations remained secret Christhe lawyer was convinced of the exist- tians. They are called Stavriotes. ence of a superhuman being. An- They have gone to Mosques but used Christian prayers there, have had two names, one Christian and the other

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Moslem, and have administered se- in Turkish as soon as there is a de- cret baptism and used Christian mand for it.

marriage ceremonies. Their whole Children (both boys and girls) will story recalls the Jews of Spain in the be received at from six to eight years sixteenth century who accepted Cathol- of age. Older children may be ac- icism, became priests and even bishops cepted, but it is important for the at- while secretly continuing their mosaic tainment of the best results that pupils worship. With the announcement of begin the work within the age limits religious freedom these secret Chris- named. Miss Philadelphevs, the tians are throwing off the mask and teacher, has spent two years at Clark openly announcing themselves fol- School for the Deaf, Northampton, ·lowers of Christ. Massachusetts, in preparation for this Earthquake in Monastir • work. Both the home and school life of the children are under the most There was a violent earthquake on careful supervision.

February 20 at Monastir and else- Christian Comity in the Orient where throughout the Vilayet of Mo- A missionary has recently written nastir. Several mosques and houses home: "On my last tour in one town were demolished, and the population I was invited to preach in a Gregorian was obliged to camp out in spite of church-the first Protestant minister, intense cold. The authorities nave native or foreign, to do so. Only thirty years before the opposition to appealed to the Government for 300 the evangelical movement was so bittents and relief funds. ter among the Armenians of that town that the first Protestant to die was Four American missionaries are denied burial. The body was exhumed stationed at Monastir, under the aus- several times and finally had to be pices of the American Board of Com- carried six hours' distant for intermissioners for Foreign Missions. ment. Another Sunday I was invited to be one of the speakers in the cathe- William P. Clark, the missionary in dral of a neighboring town. I shall always feel a thrill as I think of those charge of the Monastir station, and five hundred and more Armenian men Mrs. Clark, are on leave in the United seated on the floor in the center of States, while Charles P. Erickson and that cold building, listening for about his wife are in temporary charge of two hours to their bishop, to an the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson Armenian policeman in uniform, and are assisted by Miss Mary M. Haskell to an American missionary-a situaand Miss Mary L. Matthews. tion inconceivable under the old regime." Monastir is the capital of the Vilayet of Monastir, in Macedonia. It is an important military center and has a large trade in various commodities.

The population, which is estimated at 45,000, is a medley of all the na- tionalities to be found in Macedonia, English Mohammedans in Mecca the Christians numbering about half The Egyptian Gazette, in Cairo, the total. stated (December 15, 1910) that the School for the Deaf in Turkey event of this year's pilgrimage of Mohammedans to the tomb of the The Martha A. King Memorial Prophet in Mecca has been the arrival School for the Deaf has been started of some English converts to Islam.

as a department of the American Some of them came to Yeddah, the Woman's Board Work as Marsovan. port of Mecca, by steamer from Liver- The oral method is used, and it is the pool and carried a letter of recom- intention to teach each pupil the lan- mendation from the Sheik-ul-Islam in guage of his own home. The present Liverpool. Two others came to Mecca year the Greek department has been overland by railroad. The heads of opened, an Armenian department will the Mohammedan clergy counseled be opened in September, 19II, and one with the sheriff of Mecca, what atti-

tude should be taken toward these the way for the presentation of the unwonted guests. Since they acted in Gospel by word of mouth.

a most orthodox (Mohammedan) Methodist North Africa Mission manner and fulfilled all rites and ceremonies, it was resolved that they Rev. E. F. Freese writes: On my should be admitted without difficulties. last visit to Constantine a church was Thus, for the first time, Mohamme- organized with over 20 members and dans of English birth joined the probationers, French, Italian and Arab throng of the fanatical pilgrims around -three of the latter. They are an inthe tomb of the prophet. What a teresting and earnest company. One shame! of the French members is already tak- ing the prayer-meeting in his turn, According to published reports 16,- and dQing other work. Recently a 245 Mohammedan pilgrims had hall was obtained at Kroubs, a railreached Mecca on December 15th, way town ten miles away, and the among them 300 women and children. meetings there have been very encour- aging. It is to be a center for Arab Islam Organizing Into Congregations Islam has hitherto not known or- work as well. M. Compy, our French ganized congregations in the full sense· evangelist, is giving efficient service.

of the word. It is reported that the It was my privilege to baptize Mos- Sheik-ul-Islam intends to found Mo- tafa, who has been a "crier" in the hammedan congregations after the ex- mosque-our first Arab baptism. It ample of other religions. The con- was an impressive service, attended by gregations are to have the supervision all our members, and by the mother over the public schools, the mosques, and brothers of Mostafa, who were in- the hospitals, and other charitable in- tensely interested. The brothers are stitutions. real Christian lads, the mother an AFRICA earnest seeker. One Moslem acquaint- New Mission.boat for the Nile ance said to Mostafa: "Were it not for the French Government we would In place of the Ibis, used by the tie you to a stake, pile wood around American Mission for some forty you, saturate it with oil, and burn years, one to be known as the A lle- you."

gheny has been purchased for $5,000. WEST AFRICA It is about 74 feet long, almost 12 feet wide, and draws about four feet Methodist Liberian Mission of water. It is fitted with two com- The West African Conference met pound condensing-engines of twelve in Freetown for its thirty-first annual horse-power each. It has a deck 60 session, January 8th. The roll showed feet long, suitable for meetings, has 17 missionaries present, 13 pastors and dining-room, kitchen and bath-room, ordained ministers, and 24 school- and sleeping accommodations for six teachers and other workers. The very persons. The boat can easily be run hopeful feature of our conference is in the canals even in summer and on the high character and intelligence of the river during most of the year. It our African ministers. We always is proposed to secure a barge to tow think of this as a missionary con- with the boat to serve for the clinic ference, which indeed it is. But so and for the doctor's office. An impor- much is told in America of the heathen tant fact in connection with the work African with his pagan customs and of the new boat is the wide distribu- his low degree of intelligence, that we tion of Scripture which has been made are surprized to see the noble and in the Delta by the British and For- intellectual band of men who are eign Bible Society. Last year alone standing with the missionaries in their 28,000 copies of the Bible or portions efforts to preach Christ, and who are of the Bible were distributed. Wher- not only following earnestly the lead ever the Word has gone it will prepare of the missionaries, but are planning and extending the work at three dif- What Black Men Can Be and Do ferent places wholly by their own efforts. Self-support and evangelism The Baptist church at San Salvador, were the two dominant notes of the on the Portuguese Kongo, has 860 conference. Addresses on these sub- members. Of these ISO are teachers, jects were given by the African all unpaid but 25, who are supported brethren that will also be a great by the natives themselves. Some 25 stimulus to the Church in America to towns in the neighborhood have their pray for us and give us all the help own chapels, and an immense area is possible.-Advocate. covered by these native evangelists.

The Gifts of the Negro Embarrassment of Success The new church of the Basle So- The West Africa Mission of the ciety at Kwanyako (Gold Coast) is a Presbyterian Board at its recent meetstriking proof of the fitness of the ing, requested that the first Sabbath in negro for civilization and culture. The March should be observed as a day of chancel, altar and font are in mahog- special prayer for reenforcements. The any lathe-work, the benches of ant- appeal is truly Macedonian. The folproof Odum-wood, the floor solidly lowing are needed: One industrial cemented, the walls of rammed clay, man for the Frank James Industrial the roof of corrugated iron-all negro School; 3 physicians; I Spanish work, a triumph of negro industry teacher; 3 German teachers; 4 sinover heathen sloth, a performance of gle women, and 4 ministers. The negro civilization of far-reaching im- work, especially in the Kamerun portance in this uncivilized land. This region, is phenomenal. While the building, and many others on the Gold force of missionaries is about the same Coast, are not only signs of a growing as for the last five years, the increase Christian life, they bear favorable tes- along all lines has been very great. timony to the mental gifts of the At the present time there are 8,000 negro. This is not a race that is catechumens or those who have redoomed to intellectual stagnation.- nounced their fetishism, given up Der Evangelische Heidenbote. their evil olives and are seeking to lead a Christian life. They are babes in Noble Deed of an African Prince Christ and need instruction. There are 6,000 pupils in the schools, 5,000 It is reported from the Kameruns of these being in village schools that the African prince Njojo, of Ba- taught by native teachers. This numnum, has built a large school for 500 ber could be doubled at once if the scholars, and has turned it over to native teachers were available. The the Basel Society. The prince him- native teachers could be increased if self is a volunteer teacher, giving there were missionaries enough to in- Christian instruction to the children struct them. The station schools at with much enthusiasm. which the normal classes are held are crowded with pupils, taxing to the ut- A Belgian Kongo Mission most the strength of the small body of missionaries in charge. The two Protestant Churches of Belgium have united to found a mis- Kongo Free State sionary society for work on the Kongo. A large assembly of Protestants met in From two separate sources we learn the Church of the Musee in Brussels, that a better day has dawned upon the on November 28, to discuss the ques- Kongo. In the Belgian Parliament tion, "What are Protestant Mission- the colonial minister reported progress aries Doing in Belgian Kongo?" Rev. in two important respects. Trade is H. Ault, the director of the new mis- developing on the right lines, and the sion, and two pastors, addrest. the native has vastly improved his posimeeting, and much interest was tion. Slavery also is dead, because shown. labor is free. Sanitary science has

likewise considerably improved the Missionary Schools Appreciated in Kamerun conditions of living, thereby reducing the death-rate during the last year by A missionary of the German Bap- tists in Kamerun writes in Unsere 50 per cent. Happily, this optimistic H eidenmission concerning the crowdreport from the official headquarters ed missionary schools: "It is with us ~s confirmed by Mr. Clark, an Amer- now as it is with the missionaries in Ican Protestant missionary, in a dispatch to Washington, in which he India, China, and Japan. We no states that "there no longer exist any longer need seek for children to fill any traces of the cruel and unjust our schools, but we have to think of acts which occurred there under the means to do justice to the masses old regime." These facts, taken together, warrant the hope that the which crowd into them. A new era Kongo at last has found deliverance. has come for the schools in Duala. This will bring great joy to the brave In the beginning of last year our boys' school there had a total of 220 pupils; and persistent handful who in this and now the lowest class alone contains in other lands have shared the black 240 and the other classes contain 200 man's burden, and so fulfilled the law of Christ. Now then seems the "set more, so that the number has been time" for advance on the part of doubled within one year. The outheralds of the Cross, that the black ward reason for this increase is found perhaps in the development of the man may see in his white brother, not colony and in the changes wrought a tyrant and a taskmaster, but the mes- by that. Parents and friends of senger of life and peace.-Loudon the boys observe that those who Christian. have learned German are employed in the Government offices, the Reenforcements for the Kongo postal service, the railroad service, and The foreign mission committee of the offices of the merchants, and are the Presbyterian Church, South, sends well paid. Therefore, they send the out the cheering news that "nine boys to the schools, and the boys also young men and women have volun- often ask to be sent. The girls' teered to go as missionaries to our African Mission. Most of these have school in Bonamuti is likewise already been appointed by the Executive Committee. Hundreds of native crowded. In the beginning of 19IO Christians in Central Africa have been it contained 80 pupils, which now have praying daily with the missionaries increased to 160, so that the work of that the Lord would speedily send the two teachers was largely increased forth reenforcements to help them in their work. Rev. and Mrs. George and assistants had to be added." McKee will leave N ew York in a few In addition to the two schools men- tioned the German Baptists support 40 missionary schools with 1,600 pupils in the interior of Kamerun.

days for Luebo. Other missionaries Sleeping.sickness in Living.tonia will be ready to leave for Africa in Dr. Laws of Livingstonia writes that the fall of the year. In the meantime sleeping-sickness is fairly in the coun- it is hoped that many will consecrate try now, and that the glossina morsi- their gifts unto the Lord to provide tans must be counted a carrier. If so, the salary and traveling expenses of the whole Upper Shire may be these and other missionaries that are doomed. Game, tsetse and sleeping- waiting in order that there may be no sickness go together. The London delay in their departure for the fields Missionary Society and Mwenzo pu- that are white unto the harvest. Two pils were kept back last year from women have recently given diamond coming to Livingstonia until after rings valued at $550, and have re- careful examination of the blood.

quested that the proceeds be used in "To find a trypanosome in human preaching the Gospel to the people in blood makes one's heart sink, as it is the Kongo who are in the darkness. practically the sentence of death."

19II] GENERAL MISSIONARY

SOUTH AFRICA sion, "Walk according to these words, Dutch Reformed Church Prospering and it will be well with yourself and with your people." Thus he gave a The issue of De Kerleboche for valuable testimony to the truth. January 5th, gives some statistics of Khama was baptized as a youth by the Church. The figures in 1910 are the Missionary Schulenburg of the given as 224,179 members and 483,317 souls. For 1909, there were 219,523 Hermannsburg Missionary Society, members and 481,332 souls. In the but the L. M. S. labors among his Ring of Cape Town there has been a people. It therefore sent special con- gratulations to Khama and gave decrease, and a considerable one in thanks to God who had led him and the number of souls and of communi- preserved him so wonderfully in trial cants. The Theological Seminary in Stellenbosch is graduating 29 candi- and persecution. dates this year, and the total number At the time of his baptism the young of students in the institution is 86, a man had to suffer much from his envery high number evidently. raged father, who even attempted to kill him. He has been loyal to Christ Y. w. C. A. in South Africa throughout the years and has been a real friend of his people, by aiding the A branch of this society has just missionaries in every way. Some been formed in the French South years ago he prohibited the importa- African Mission, and the report tion of whisky, while at the present comes: "Since our women joined the time he has come to the aid of the mis- Y.W.C.A branch they have brought sionaries in their fight against the pera new spiritual life into our native nicious beer carousals of the natives. churches, and are a new element of power. It is the purpose of the Y.W. Training School in German Southwest CA. to do this. It is not what we do, Africa but how we do it; it is not what we The Rhenish Missionary Society say, but how we say it; it is not by finds itself face to face with peculiar running about to give testimony, but and difficult conditions in German by the testimony of life at home. To Southwest Africa. The former tribal quicken therefore our faith in the gift and communal unions are rapidly of the Holy Spirit, to teach our active vanishing and the natives, Christian members their absolute dependence on as well as heathen, are scattering in His guidance for successful service, small groups over a vast territory.

to wait for his enduement if 50 led, to Thus, the need for suitable native neglect not the gift that is in them, to evangelists and helpers is becoming keep step." more and more urgent and the so- King Khama'a Jubilee ciety has decided to open a missionary training school for native helpers in The well-known Christian King Gaub in the month of April. Every Khama, chief of the tribe of the applicant for admission must speak at Bamangwat05 in Bechuanaland, South least three languages, namely, Ger- Africa, celebrated a short time ago the man, Nama, and HereTO, yet at the fiftieth anniversary of his baptism in first notice of the intended school fif- his capital Serowe. An immense teen Christian young men applied. At crowd, estimated at IO,OOO, had the same time two monthly religious gathered, and Khama made a touching papers have been started, one called address in which he avowed his con- Omahungi (Narratives), in Herero, tinued loyalty to his Lord and also to the other, called Gau Sari Aob (the the King of England. Lifting up a Dock Visitor), in Nama. Both are New Testament which Queen Victoria doing excellent work in binding to- had presented to him when he visited gether and uplifting the scattered England years ago, he repeated the Christian natives in the large terri- words which she spoke on the occa- tory.

A New Station in Transvaal marching with slow and hopeless step over the platform and through the The Berlin Missionary Society ex- aisles, pilgrims of the night, silent pects to open a new station in the and sad." country of the Bawendas in the northern part of the Transvaal Colony, Christian Endeavor Abroad where about 250,000 heathen are to be reached. The present four stations President Francis E. Clark, in his are on the border of the country; but annual report for 1910, shows that the new station, Mandala, will be this movement is increasing in volopened in the interior and in a high ume and efficiency. America still attitude. The latter is of especial im- leads by a large margin in the numportance because the climate is very ber of societies, and during the past bad and the missionaries upon the old year there has been an increase in stations have been suffering much the rate of growth. More than from fever. The new station will :i,000 new societies have been serve as a kind of health resort for formed in this country during the them. last year, and not far from 500,000 members have joined the ranks. What Medical Missions Can Do There has been exceptionally large growth in the African M. E. The Berlin mission reports a strik- churches. Abroad there has been no ing decrease of sickness and death on backward steps except in France, its African fields. In five years there and possibly in Austria. In all the has been but one missionary death in Australian commonwealths, with its Nyasa mission. This favorable possibly one exception, there are change it ascribes to the great pro- strong Christian Endeavor Unions, gress of tropical medicine, especially and their annual conventions are in the prophylaxis against malaria: great in numbers and spiritual ener- "We never send anyone to Africa gy. The outlook in foreign mission now without a thorough course in territory is encouraging. India leads tropical hygiene, and this applies to all other countries abroad, having the wives of missionaries, to mission quite 1,400 bands of Endeavorers. artizans-in fact to all." In that country 20 native secretaries are soon to set to work. In China and AMERICA Japan the work is considered very encouraging. "Some of the brightest Semi.centennial of Women's Work and best of societies are found The beginning of a series of con- in the islands of the West Indies ventions to celebrate women's or- and the South Seas. Jamaica, Tringanized work for missions was idad, Cuba, in the West; and Haheralded some months upon the Pacific waii, Samoa, the Caroline, Marshall, Coast, and now has reached the East. Of one recently held in Pittsburg this Ellice and Fiii Islands are all noted is said: "One of the great features of the convention was the pageant of for the vigor of their Endeavor missions, presenting the progress of work, and many of them for the Western women in Eastern lands. self-sacrifice and devotion of their This was an exceedingly interesting Endeavorers." The next Internaand instructive spectacle. Carnegie tional Convention is to be held at Music Hall and the Soldiers' Me- Atlantic City in July of this year. morial Hall were both crowded to their utmost capacity on the evening After Fifty Years of Freedom of the pageant, the spectacle being exhibited in both halls. The scenes pre- In a recent Christian Endeavor sented brought some realities of mis- World, a professor in Atlanta Unisionary life very vividly before the versity gives these facts concerning eye. There was the long procession of women and children, garbed in the the ex-slaves, who number nearly costumes of the various Oriental lands, 10,000,000, among whom are found 7.10,000 farmers, 70,000 teamsters,

J I 9 I I GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

:;.~.'ooo railway hands, ~6,000 agreeing to be everlasting friends and mmers, :~:;,OOO sawmill employees, to forget their former differences_ 28,000 porters, 21,000 teachers, 21,- The peace was brought about 000 carpenters, 20,000 barbers, 20,- through the mediation of a commis- 000 nurses, IS,OOO clergymen, 14,- sion of Chinese Christian ministers, 000 masons, 24,000 dressmakers and students, merchants and other represeamstresses, 10,000 engineers and sentatives of strong organizations of firemen, ro,ooo blacksmiths, 2,.100 this people. The Chinese Consul, physicians, and, above all, 2,000,000 y. Y. Yang, and his secretaries also mistresses of independent homes, attended the meetings of the commisand :;,000,000 children in school. sion. Chu Chung Tan, commercial attache to the Chinese legation at They conduct every seventh farm in the land, and raise every sixteenth Washington, D. c., and Wu Chiang, dollar's worth of crops. They have secretary of the same legation, came accumulated at least $600,000,000 on to assist the commission when the worth of property in a half-century, work was nearly completed.-The starting with almost nothing. To- Chinese Students' Monthly.

day the negro is a recognized part Jerry McAuley Mission of the American Government; he After a goodly period of service, holds 8,~S2 offices in the executive continued daily and nightly, particcivil service of the nation, besides ularly in the work of rescue among furnishing four regiments in the the slaves of strong drink, the Jerry army, and a large number of sailors. McAuley Mission, at :116 Water Street, New York, has once more In the State and municipal civil service he holds at least 10,000 other outgrown its quarters. The presoffices. ent brick building, put up in 1876, The Negro and the Y. M. C. A. replaced the wooden dance-hall A wealthy Jew of Chicago has which was consecrated to the work given $25,000 toward the $I50,000 of God four years previously by sought for a Y. M. C. A. building Jerry McAuley. Plans have now for negroes in that city; and he of- been approved for a more COmmofers to repeat the gift for any city dious structure; and, thanks to the where the local residents raise $7.~,- forethought of the founder, the va- 000 for the same purpose. Still cant site which adjoins the present more remarkable is his statement mission house will come into servthat the social effects of the work of ice. In harmony with the object the association constitute its appeal of the building, electric flash signs to him, while he sees no obiection to will be installed on the roof; and the religious activities of the Chris- thus the mission will announce its tian Association. The donor ex- beneficent object to men on the plains that, as a Jew, he sympathizes, large river craft and the countless from experience, with the negroes in thousands of people who cross the the prejudice and contempt to which East River bridges. they are subjected. Hosts of Hindus Flocking In Chinese Students as Peace-makers The January number of Missions (the Baptist monthly magazine) After having killed about twenty contains an article on "The Newest and wounding fifteen in a course of a Immigration Problem, the Hindu feud between the On Leong Tong and Invasion of the Pacific Coast." the Four Brothers Society, which During- I<JIO, ',,000 men of India lasted eighteen months in the China- entered the port of San Francisco; town of New York, peace finally ~,Ooo are said to be located in the reigned again over the spirit of the Sacramento Valley of California.

people on the night of December 29, Each steamer from the Orient when the two societies signed a pact, brings its quota of these swarthy

immigrants seeking work in the more thorough and detailed study of lumber camps and on the railroads. the mission fields, with a view to more Opposition to their entrance has speedy and complete occupation; (3) naturally developed on the coast, Olristian education in the mission while unexpectedly a coterie of Cal- fields, and the use of Christian literaifornians, including some wealthy ture in missions; (4) the creation of a representative body to act on behalf women interested in theosophy, are of missions in questions arising with championing their cause. As there governments; (5) the question of are no women with them and they starting an international Missionary provide for no home Ii fe, preserve Review; (6 ) a special committee to their intense caste spirit, and are study medical missions; (7) the creconfessedly "cheap labor," their ap- ation of a permanent international pearance is not without danger to committee. Friends are asked to rethe peace and prosperity of the land member this work in prayer to God. where they settle. A new problem is thus forced upon not only the Crusade Against Mormons state craft, but also the religious enterprise of the United States.-Mission- A vigorous crusade ag-ainst Morary Herald. mon missionaries has been under- taken in Great Britain. It is said Slavic Invasion of Canada that H. P. Freece, a special inves- tig-ator of proselytizing Mormons, Within the last fifteen years, at- has arrived in. London after a ten tracted by the offer of free land, weeks' tour in Scotland and the not less than I SO,ooo Ruthenians north of England, during which he from Southeastern Europe have succeeded in locating- about one hunemigrated to Alberta, Manitoba dred Mormon meeting-places and and Saskatchewan. All are Slavs :i2.~ American Mormons eng-ag-ed in and were reared in either the Ro- inducing- young women to emig-rate man Catholic or the Greek Church. to Utah. He ·also collected the Not being able to secure from their signed statements of parents whose former home the financial assist- daug-hters had been enticed to ance required to sustain religious America, and is in possession of work, they appealed to the Canadian irrefutable evidence that the Mor- Presbyterian Church. In response, mon Church is in the habit of payteachers were sent to open schools ing for the transportation of confor the training of evangelists and verts from there to Utah, in violapastors. Later, an independent tion of the United States immig-ra- Greek Church was formed, which tion law. Mr. Freece entertains is really affiliated with the Presby- great hope of succeeding- in g-etting terian Church, and already has 72 a bill into Parliament prohibiting congregations, 40 church building-s, American Mormon elders from prosas many ministers, and 24 men in eIytizing- in that country-in fact, training- for Christian work. the same law as that adopted by Prussia and Hungary, not long ago. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Anglican and Free Church Cooperation The Continuation Committee Anglican and Free Church co- This committee, which is to carry operation is no new thing- at the on the work suggested by the Edin- Hampstead Garden Suburb, but the burgh Conference, is to meet in Eng- latest exhibition of it is quite an inland May 16 to 20, and it is expected novation. The vicar of the church that most of the members will be present. Among the questions that will of St. Jude-on-the-HiII, the Rev. B. be considered are (I) "The Prepara- G. Bourchier, and the minister of tion of Missionaries" and the creation of a Board of Study-to which most the Free Church, the Rev. J. H. societies have already agreed; (2) a Rushbrooke, have written and signed a circular letter offering a

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

hearty welcome to newcomers to the exposition has been stationed in suburb. In it they say: "We have Zurich, St. Gallen, Berne, La~s:;mne been deeply concerned to discover and Chur. Some QO,OOO VISItors that many newcomers, who in ear- have attended. It has now passed lier years had been associated with on to Germany. The city council of Christian churches elsewhere, have Karlsruhe has furnished free Quar- drifted into the habit of non-attend- ters, and the city g-ardener has pro- ance at divine worship and even vided without charge plant decora- into apparent relig-ious indifference. tions for a tropical mise-en-scene.

We represent different Christian Visitors have come from Baden, communions, but we are at one in W urtemburg- and Alsace to see the the desire that all our neig-h- new institution, and it is probable bors may be associated with some that this means of increasing mischurch for the worship and service sionary knowledge will be tp~ch of our common Lord, and the exten- used in the future by other SOCIetIes sion of His king-dam." Following- on the Continent. the letter are printed particulars of the hours of service, etc., at the two Tubingen Medical Mission Institute olaces of worship.-British Weeklv. A report of the first year's The Y. M. C. A. in London work of this institute in Tiibin- At a recent meeting- at "Georg-e gen has been issued. The ex- Williams House," of the Metropolitan Committee of the National perience and results of th<: first Y. M. C. A. Council, a report was year's work are so encoura~mg- ~s received from Mr. Basil Hewer, or- to raise hopes of g-reater thmgs In g-anizing- secretary, upon the present the future. The Board of Directors condition of the work in larg-er now aim at establishing- a hospital London. for tropical diseases, in which mis- sionaries returning invalided and The scheme of the London Cen- others suffering from residence in tral Association, it is believed,· is tropical countries can be treated. g-oing- to make possible much g-reater In this wav the Institute hopes not achievements for the metropolitan only to g-ive relief to the individual work than it has ever known. In a very short time there will be in the sufferer for his own sake, but to heart of London one of the finest preserve for missionary societies the Association buiiding-s in the world, most precious capital they possess, which will supply the most adequate and sufficient provision for the en- the lives and health of their worktire center of the metropolis, as well ers. Seventy such patients were as benefit in no small measure g-reat treated last year, and accommodanumbers of young- men drawn from tion was found for some non-infec- tious and chronic cases in vacant rooms of the deaconess house.

the suburbs. The next requirement, Profeuora and the Vatican inevitably, is that in each of the The news from Germany is to the other five districts of London there effect that the defections in the shall be a larg-e and a fairly Roman Catholic Church assume well-equipped Association building-, proportions alarming- to the Vati- can. Throughout Baden, and more around which the particular district especially in Freiburg-, not one of interests shall g-ather.

THE CONTINENT the professors or priests has consent- Missions Made Visible ed to take the anti-modernist oath, and the time limit fixt for so doing The Basel Missionary Society has has passed. In other States the re- borrowed the idea of a traveling- sisters are increasing in numbers.

missionary exhibit from the travel- The ecclesiastical authorities in ing- anti-alcohol exhibitions. Their Rome maintain a very sug-g-estive

silence on the matter, aI)d seek to To provide for the future of such hide from the public the grave crisis priests, the Savonarola Institute, a brought about by the Pope's recent non-denominational Protestant insti- action; but information will ooze tution, has been established in Rome out. One Roman Catholic orgart, to give them a training in trades wishjn~ to make li~ht of the matter, and clerical pursuits."

declares that the result of the cir- A German Mission in the Balkan. cular may be regarded as one of the victories of the policy pursued by In 190~ a missionary alliance for Pius X, in that it has enabled the the evangelization of the mixt popu- Holy See to find out who among- lation of South East Europe (Bulthe Roman clergy are tainted with garians, Magyars, Servians, Gipsies, Modernist error. But there is an- Croats, Ruthenians, Slovaks, Slo": other side to the question. Rome venes, Montenegrins and Rumanis losin~ her choicest sons, those ians) was org-anized with .1,000 who stand for intelligence and cul- . members. Its headquarters is in ture and all that is spiritual. It is Kattowitz, in Prussian Silesia, a stru~gle of darkness and super- where there is a training- school for stition against the incoming of light. missionaries, with twenty-three in It is a determined fight for freedom attendance. The leader of this enof thought and liberty of conscience, terprise, Mr. Urban, who has been and there can be nO doubt as to the recently visiting the Balkans, de- clares that everywhere among these issue.-Episcopal Recorder. richly endowed people a deep thirst The Open Bible in Italy for the truth is noticeable. His first The Rev. N. W. Clark of Rome, efforts have been directed to the now on a vacation in this country, awakening- of the scattered German has recently said: churches, many of them three hun- "Protestantism is advancing in Italy, and it is advancing by the dred years old and sunk in deep sleep. These he hopes may become practise of giving the people the missionary churches among- their open Bible !" This had special refer- Slavic neighbors.

ence to the Bible Mission enterprise Buddhism in Europe -"The equipment of Italian Protes- tants on their return to Italy with Sonnen-Au/gang, a German mis- a supply of Bibles in the vernacular sionary magazine, graphically de- to be distributed by them as they scribes the progress of Buddhism see fit"; an enterprise of which in Europe. We thus learn that Bishop Burt has said: "With all my Buddhism, as all other non-Chris- heart I approve of this work of giv- tian religions, is making great prog- ing to the Italians returning to Italy ress there, and when we consider the Word of God in their own lan- that it found its first followers in ~uage. I t is not alone the people the Western countries only a few Who are interested, the interest of years ago, we must pronounce its the people, the laity, is shared by the progress astounding. In England it priests. Hardly a week passes with- is spreading surprizingly. Three out some Italian priest who has got years ago the Buddhist Society of hold of a Bible coming to me to in- Great Britain and Ireland was quire some means of release from founded in Rangoon, and the famous the Latin Church. Before I left authority on Buddhism, Prof. Rhys Rome I was in correspondence with Davids, was chosen its president.

more than fifty priests who are The society has met with such suc- ready to break away from the sys- cess that it has already branches in tem which has enslaved them for Liverpool and Edinburgh. Its pub- these years when the famine of the lication is the Buddhist Review Word has been sore in their land. (London, Luzac & Co.). Mrs. Hla

MISSIONARY

Oung-, in Rang-oon, has furnished in Europe), a short time ag-o. In it the statement was made that the means necessary for the erection Buddhist settlements are soon to be planted near Lausanne, in of a Home for Bhikku (mendi- Switzerland, and probably in the Italian province of Umbria. The cants) in Eng-land, while she sup- prog-ress of Buddhism in Hungary was also reported, and the fact was ports in her home city Buddhist stated that Subhadea Bhikshu's schools for 400 g-irls and 2S0 boys. Buddhist Catechism has been trans- In IgOO, Gordon Doug-las, an Eng- lated into H ung-arian and five edilishman, became a Buddhist monk. tions have been quickly sold. In He was followed a few years ag-o Hungary an effort has been made to by a Scotchman, Allan Bennet Mac- have Buddhism recog-nized officiallv Greg-or, who took the name of as a relig-ion, and thus get liberty Ananda Meteyya, and is now work- to teach it in the schools. But the ing- in Burma for the spread of Roman Catholic Church opposed the Buddhism. Another Scotchman, effort successfully. MacKechnie, for some time Mac- ISLANDS Greg-or's helper, has now g-one to Eng-land as Buddhistic missionary. Filipinos Pushing for Independence The first Buddhist mission wag started in Eng-land in the spring- of The London S pectatoY, one of 190B. To-day the Buddhist Society the most brilliant of the English has hundreds of Eng-lishmen as weeklies, recently contained an inmembers. Among- its vice-presi- teresting- parag-raphon the attitude dents are found the Earl of Mex- of the Filipinos to Americans. It boroug-h and the Prince of Sikkim. said: "The Filipinos believe, or pre- It is reported lately that interest tend to believe, that they are already for the mild relig-ion of the East is fit for self-g-overnment. They reincreasing in Eng-land so rapidly gard American administration with that the Buddhistic movement is ad- a certain superciliousness, and think vancing- marvelously. In Germany, they could manag-e thing-s better Karl Seidenstricker, of LeiDsic, themselves. The Americans are founded a magazine, Dey Buddhist, paying the price-the inevitable and org-anized the first Buddhist price-of doing their duty in edu- Society in Germany in IgOS. The cating- the natives. We, of course, society entered upon an ag-gressive are going through the same expericampaig-n with much ability. Later, a ence in India. Except in Manila, all second magazine, Die Buddhistische the municipal councils are in the Welt, was founded, which is now hands of the natives. But altho in the org-an of the German Pali So- the Legislature and judiciary and in ciety, which is located at Breslau. the public departments there are Its purpose, according to its consti- many native officials, the scheme of tution, is to aid and spread the g-overnment is so arrang-ed that the knowledge of Pali literature, and to natives have the semblance rather further the understanding- of the than the reality of power. Probsystem of Pali Buddhism and to ably one reason why the Americans spread it. The publisher, Walter do not command as much respect as they deserve is that the natives, born Markg-raf, in Breslau, is business to Spanish ceremonial and Spanish elaborateness of manner, have a manag-er of the Pali Society, and prejudice ag-ainst the great simpli- city and directness of democratic keeps a large assortment of Bud- habits. Democracy has, in fact, vio- lated something- very like caste. But dhistic writing of all kinds on hand.

In Switzerland, in Italy, and also in Hungary, Buddhism is also spreading. In Lug-ana a well-edited mag-azine, Coenobium, is published, which contained a g-ood article, "I!

Buddhismo" in Europa (Buddhism

tho ground has been lost by the nizing work. Deaconesses care for Americans, it is now being apprecia- the poor and sick. A Christian bly regained." Young Men's Association gives in- struction and guidance to the youth. Methodist Gains in the Philippines Methodist Mission in Java After a month's trip over the northern district, Philippine Islands, The Kaukab says: "Some years the Rev. Ernest S. Lyons writes: "I ago the board of foreign missions found eig-ht chapels under construc- of the M. E. Church began operation, and in four other places I se- tions in New Netherlands India by cured grants of land for new chapels, the members agreeing that if sending a man to Batavia, in Tava. we will furnish the iron roofs (costing from $.10 to $7.1 each) they will So successful has been the work do the remainder. We shall finish there, and so bri~ht is the outlook twenty chaDels on this district this among the Mohammedans of that year with less than $400 from the empire, that other men have been Board. I got small promises of self- sent, and now Sumatra is also ocsupport along the way amounting to cupied in one or two places. Up to something over $40 a month. There the present the W. F. M. S. has not are twelve circuits without men in followed the parent board in this charge because we have no money part of the world, but at its last sesfor the support of the men to take sion, the executive committee sent charge. We must leave these with for the credentials of Miss Ruth an occasional visit from the mission- Naomi, an American woman who ary until I can get more help."- has been working in connection with Episcopal Recorder. our work in .Tava, and on their re- ceipt, that society will formally ex- Christian Colonies in Java tend its operations to those islands of the sea. The Netherlands Missionary Society is founding colonies of Chris- An Uprising in the Caroline Islands tians in .Tava and Sumatra similar to the Protestant barrios of the Philip- A newspaper dispatch reports that pines. The most successful is Pang- the natives in Ponape have rebelled harepan, established in r886, as a against the German authorities and Christian center, in a densely Mo- have murdered four Europeans and hammedan region. The Govern- five friendly natives. The missionment granted a large tract of uncul- aries of the American Board were tivated land to the mission. Rice withdrawn from the Carolines five or fields and plantations of coffee, six years ago, and were succeeded by cocoa, pepper and tea are in full op- Germans. The natives have been diseration. All the colonists bind satisfied with German rule and have themselves to work in the common several times threatened rebelIion. mission gardens as well as in their own. The impression which the OBITUARY NOTES colony makes is admirable. The plantations are cleanly and wiselv Rev. Samuel McFarlane worked. Church, three schools, the mission house and the homes of the Rev. Dr. Samuel McFarlane, a Christians are solidly built and at- pioneer of the London Missionary Sotractively neat. The life of the ciety in New Guinea, died on Friday, colony is ordered on Christian prin- February I7, at the age of seventyciples. Christian elders assist the three. He exercised great influence missionary in administration. A both in the mission field and at home. Chinese overseer, "a .iewel of a Half a century ago he sailed in the Christian," superintends the colo- John Williams, to Lifu, in the South Seas, and carried on there a training institution for native teachers. Mrs. McFarlane instructed their wives. When the French authorities inter-

MISSIONARY

rupted this work in 1871, Dr. McFar- with the Bombay Presidency. With lane left for New Guinea, and started her husband in the early days of pioneer work among the cannibals. her marriage she founded the Indus- Many people have read his books, trial School and village at Sharanpur, "Among the Cannibals" and "The near N asik; later in life, when her Story of the Lifu Mission," and realize children no longer needed her atten- the heroism which he and his wife tion, she again gave herself to work brought to the perilous work in New for her country, and before her death Guinea. Dr. McFarlane retired from she had founded five schools and left the foreign work in 1887, but gave them, in handsome buildings of their vigorous and effective help to Mis- own, to those who were capable of sionary interest at home until his carrying on the work she had initiated.

strength failed. She perfected everything to which she Herbert M. Allen and Constantinople put her hand, and all in the silence of loving service, seeking no reward. News of the death at Constantinople of the Rev. Herbert M. Allen, But more than educational institua missionary of the American Board tions is the memory of a great perof Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sonality which she has left behind her. sions, was received on January 25. She seemed to combine much that was best in East and West. Spirituality, Mr. Allen was a son of the Rev. devotion and the power of self-sacri- Orson P. Allen, one of the early mis- fice, the great gift of loving tact and sionaries of the American Board in insight and sympathy-all these were Turkey, and was born at Harpoot, hers in no smalI measure; and to Turkey, in 1865. After being gradu- these she added western ideals of ated from Williams College in 1888 honor and duty and the service of and the Bangor Theological Seminary others, of efficiency and the joy of in 1893, he returned to Turkey. His work, with the purity of heart and first station was at Van, where he did the simplicity of faith of a little child. effective relief work after the Armen- ian massacres of 1895. Recently he Miss Duryea of China has been working in Constantinople, Miss Alice Duryea, the daughter of and among other services has edited William Rankin Duryea, and a mis- The Orient, an English paper pub- sionary to China, committed suicide lished in Constantinople to keep by leaping overboard from the steamfriends of Turkey informed of events ship Manchuria while temporarily inin the empire. sane and returning to America from Dr. Martin N. Wyckoff of Japan the mission field.

A cablegram announces the sad Miss Duryea was a graduate of Smith College and had been a misfact that Dr. Martin N. Wyckoff, who sionary in China for about seven years succeeded W. E. Griffis at Fukui, as a self-supporting representative of Echizen, in 1871, and who had given unremitting service to the Japanese the North Reformed Church of Newfor forty years, has gone to his rest. ark. She was a beautiful Christian His modest, winning ways served to character.

uplift the young men among whom he Senior Missionary A. Kropf, D.O. worked. He was sent out by the Reformed Church of America. The news has reached Berlin that Missionary A. Kropf, D.D., died in Mrs. Sorabji of India Bethel, near Stutterheim, in Kaffraria, At Nasik, on October 24, Mrs. Africa, on December 20, 1910. He Sorabji, .widow of the Rev. Sorabji was the senior missionary of the great Kharsedji, passed away, in her seventy- Berlin Missionary Society, having la- sixth year. She was loved of many in bored among the Amaxosa people for England and India, and her name as sixty-five years. Surely, he labored an educationist will long be connected faithfully throughout long years. Missionary Fenchel fro:n. the old-established missionary The Rhenish Missionary Society re- sOClet1es, and they founded the Indian ports with much sorrow that one of its most diligent and successful laborers, Home Mission Society to the San- Missionary Fenchel, of Keetmanshof, in German Southwest Africa, died thals in 1867. After many financial very unexpectedly in the beginning of December, 19IO. He was much be- difficulties and severe struggles, the loved by the Namas, among whom he preached the Gospel with great con- Lord raised up friends in England, secration and zeal. Scotland, Denmark and Norway, and Lars Skrefsrud. of India they labored on in faith. The thorough On December II, 1910, Lars Skrefsrud, one of the two organizers work was abundantly blest, so that the of the Indian Home Mission to the Santhals, died in Rampore Haut, number of Santhal Christians is more Province of Bengal, in India. Born in Norway in 1840, the son of pious than 13,500 to-day. Borresen died in Christian parents, Skrefsrud became so wayward that he finally found him- I90r. He had been the executive head self a prisoner in Christiania. Two years and one-half he spent in prison, of the work, but the Lord enabled and during that time was soundly converted, so that he decided to conse- Skrefsrud to continue the work as crate himself to the service of the Master, among the heathen at the ex- sole trustee and manager. In 190 5 piration of the prison term. When he was discharged, he offered himself the Bethel Santhal Mission, founded to the Committee of the Norwegian Missionary Society for training for by Pastor A. Haegert in 1875, was missionary work in Africa. But its members refused to grant the applica- merged into the Indian Home Mistion of a man who had been released from prison only a short time ago. sion to the Santhals, and the work Skrefsrud then made application to the Gossner Missionary Society in which had an annual income of about Berlin, and Father Gossner had confidence in the earnest Norwegian, and $40,000, was again extended. Now received him into the missionary home. There he became acquainted with the Skrefsrud has followed his beloved Dane, Borresen, and both went out to India, determined to labor together colleague, Borresen, in death. Both in the vineyard of the Master. The Committee of the Gossner Missionary were most impressive and eloquent Society, however, decided to place them in different parts, but they were preachers of the Gospel, upon whose so opposed to separation that they rather left the service of the society lips the Santhals hung. Both were which had sent them out. Twice they made applications to the Committee of equally beloved. But Borresen had the the Danish Missionary Society, but greater executive ability, while Skrefswhen it refused to accept their services, they decided that the Lord rud was a linguist of great ability and wanted them to remain independent learning. The work commenced by them will not cease with the death of Skrefsrud.

GENERAL The Statistical Tables-Correction By an unfortunate error in record- ing the income of the China Inland Mission, as given in our Statistical Tables (January REVIEW), the con- tribution in dollars was read as pounds sterling, and was therefore multiplied by five. The correct figures are £70,- 919, of $354,595.

Donations Received No. 395 Fa~ine SU~7reTs China …….. $ 5.00 " 396 .. …….. 5.00 " 397 .. 4.00 " 398 u 399 1.00 " 400 10.00 " 401 5.00 u 402 10.00 " 403 u " u 5.00 " 404 5.00 " 406 Boys' School, Urumia, P~~s'i~:::: 36.00 " 407 u 408 " 14 " " 100.00 u 409 Famine Sufferers China …. :::: 5.50 " 410 BRYs' Sc~ooI, Ur~mia, P~rsia …. 50.00 .. 411 .. 412 10.00 .. 413 3.00 .. 414 25.00 .. 415 10.00 .. 416 1.00 15.00 20.00 10.00

THE MISSIONARY

SKETCHES l'ROM THE KAREN HILLS. By p~rstitions an~ religious beliefs, Rev. Alonzo Bunker, D.D. 12mo. ~Iz.ardry and wItchcraft-and gives a vlvld concepton of the difficulties of 215 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell the missionary's task. There is, how- Co., 1910. ever, much more to be told of the The triumphs of the Gospel among the Karens of Burma forms one of course of the conflict and of the the most stirring stories of modern achievement of the spiritual victories missions. Dr. Bunker is a missionary whi~h are epitomized in the last chapof the American Baptist Foreign Mis- ~er m a very modest statement regardsion Society, and is familiar with the mg the young Christian Church now thrilling experiences of the early and established. Not the least important later missionaries, and he gives us in featu~e ?f this very interesting volthis volume a series of sketches aescriptive of the heroic men and deeds um.e IS lts excellence of illustration. that made the history of the Karen It IS a book alike for students of mis- Mission. sions and sociology, and for the casual . Dr. Bunker's stories and descrip- reader who loves tales of adventure tIons are strong and clear; they appeal to human interest, and awaken and achievement, which are in this sympathy; they show the Christlike case the outgrowth of a heroic mis- sionary consecration.

purpose of the men, and the value of AGAIN~T THE CURRENT. By Edward A. their work. The adventures of ex- Stem~r. 12mo. 230 pp. $1.25 net. ploration and pioneer work, stories of FlemIng H. Revell Co., 1910. child life, encounters with wild beasts and witches, miracles of Providence Professor Steiner is well known, not and Gospel triumphs, make up a book only ~s an authority on the immigrant questIOn, but as an immigrant him- of unusual interest for old and young. self and a man on fire with a passion f~r the uplift of the immigrant. In "AN UNKNOWN PEOPLE IN AN UNKN<)WN' LAND." By W. Barbrooke Grubb. hIS present volume he gives us six 16s, net. Seeley & Co., London, 1910. chapters f.rom his. own complex life, This is a most interesting and fas- fro~ the tIme of hIS early recollections cinating volume of missionary life and ~mld the Carpathians, to his awakenwork. Altho it deals not so much with the directly spiritual work of mg, and some of his many experiences the writer, it is obviously intended as a preparation for a further volume Jew and observations relating to rich and on the wonderful development of that side of the work. It records the early poor, and Gentile, in Europe and Amenca. Professor Steiner is a destruggles and victories of the pioneer !ightful writer, and has a keen insight worker among that little known mto men.. He se~ks reali.ty~ sympathy, people, the Chaco Indians of South progress III practIcal ChnstIan sociolo- America, and is full of the experiences and adventures of one who is gy. These chapters help us better to both a pioneer missionary and an ex- ~nderstand the man and his views of plorer. In the last twenty years Mr. hfe. Professor ~teiner himself says Grubb has penetrated into the heart of that they are wntten for those interthe Indian fastnesses, and become himself the greatest living authority ested in race psychology, for those who look for evidence of the unity of the human race and for those who wish to help solve the problems of every race.

regarding those peoples. In this vol- DAVE RANNEY. An autobiography. 12mo. 205 pp. 7~ cents net. The American ume the early years of his work among the ~enguas is described in interesting Tract Society, New York, 1910.

d~tall, and one who begins to read will to Life on atsheunBfaomwielriyar,isaassliwfeildi~ and wIsh to finish the fascinating story. It many, the deals with almost every concl::~vable heart of Africa. Here is a story of a side of the life of those primitive man who lived on the Bowery, New tribes-their arts and industries, su- York, and for many years has been a missionary of the New York City who were only privileged to know him Mission and Tract Society. His story in his private life as a prominent sershows the power of God to lift up and vant of God. It is not too much to regenerate the fallen. It is a simple say that all such will love and veneexample of the modern miracles of rate him more than ever, as a result conversion. Dave Ranney was born in Hudson City, N. J., with a good of reading these pages. This volume Christian mother, but he fell through will do much to keep burning the flame love for drink, and lived for many years in sin and crime. He is one of missionary zeal in many a heart, of those who has spent the latter and to kindle it where as yet it has years of his life seeking to undo the been unlighted. evil of his early days. Dave Ranney is another of the "Twice Born Men" NEW BOOKS who is helping to bring other men into life and light. HIS'rORY OF THE SYRIAN NATION AND THE OLD EVANGELICAL-ApOSTOLIC CHURCH OF DOWN TO THE SEA. By Wilfred T. Gren- THE EAS'r. From Remote Antiquity fell. 12mo. 226 pp. $1.00 net. to the Present Time By Prof. George Fleming H. Revell, 1910. David Malech. lIIustrated. 8vo, 449 pp. $2.50. Augsburg Pnb. House, These yarns from the Labrador, by Minneapolis, Minn., 1911. a well-known, honored and beloved medical missionary, will be eagerly ISLAM LANDS. Mr. Shoemaker. Illusread and greatly enjoyed by his hosts trated. $2.50. G. P. Putnam's Sons, of friends and admirers. The stories N ew York, 1911. are full of life and adventure, humor and pathos. It is an excellent volume THE UNOCCUPIED FIELDS OF AFRICA AND with which to awaken missionary in- ASIA. By Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, terest in men. D.D. Student Volunteer Movement, 125 East 27th Street, New Yark, 1911. JOHN G. PATON'S "LATF.R YEA.RS AND FARE- WELL." 3s, 6d. Messrs. Hodder & OUT AND ABOUT IN THE SUDAN. Five Stoughton, London, 1910. Years in the Sudan. By. Edward Fothergill. 16s, net. Hurst & Black- Anything about John Paton at once ett, London, 1910. claims the attention of all who are interested in missions. Very few men TRAMPS IN DARK MONGOLIA. By John have been used as he was, to draw out Hedley. 12s, 6d, net. T. Fisher Unthe affection and sympathy of Chris- win, London, 1911. tians everywhere toward the work of preaching Christ where he is not JOHN G. PA'rON. Later Years and Fareknown. The inscription of this pres- well. A sequel to "John G. Paton"- ent volume, which describes him as An Autobiography. By A. K. Lanthe one "Than whom Scotland never gridge and Frank H. L. Paton. Inhad a braver son, nor mortal man a troduction by Lord Kinnaird. 286 pp. truer friend" is no exaggeration, for $1.25. George H. Doran Co., New of all the great missionary personal- York, 1911. ities of the last century, he will ever remain most conspicuous. This vol- THE KINGDOM WITHOUT FRONTIERS. By ume is concerned entirely with the Thomas Moscrop. 3s, 6d, net. Robclosing years of his life, in which his ert Culley, 26 Paternoster Row, E. C., labors were not less abundant than London, 1911. when as a young man he went out to the New Hebrides with magnificent INDIAN IDYLLS. By Austice Abbott faith and heroism. It crmtains many (Elliott Stock). 3s, 6d, net. glimpses of his home life, and is, in reality, an intimah: sketch drawn by ON TRAIL AND RAPID BY DOG-SLED AND loving hands for the benefit of those CANOE. The Story of Bishop Bom- pas's Life Among the Red Indians and Eskimo. Told for Boys and Girls. By Rev. H. A. Cody, M.A.

Illustrated. 203 pp. J. P. Lippin- cott Co., Philadelphia, 1911.

I MMIGRANT RACES IN NORTH AMERICA. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. $.50. Y. M. C. A. Press, New York, 1911.

TWICE BORN SOULS. By the Rev. Claud Field, M.A. Is, net. Chas. J. Thynne, London, 1911.

A PRAYER BEFORE THE LESSON. For suner- intendents and teachers in the Sun- day-school and in the quiet hour at home. By Philip E. Howard. 16mo. 153 pp. 50 cents. Sunday School Times Co., Philadelphia. 1<;)11.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1911

p. VIEW OF SEOUL, KOREA, AND ITS SACRED MOUNTA1N

8lissionary CJ?..eview

of the World Published Ly Funk and Wa.g-naIls Compa.ny (Isaac K. Funk4!:.~~s'k.~~r.~t~VN~:~~~ice-Pre!l.• Robert J. Cuddihy, Treas., Robert Scott, See',.), VOL. XXXI'. No.3 MARCH, 1911 VOL. XXIV. No.3 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES MISSIONS UNDER THE LIMELIGHT F. E. Clark, Mott and Zwemer; col- lege presidents like H. C. King of Until within a few years the knowl- Oberlin, etc., etc. Furthermore, duredge of missions, including the fields, ing the last two years, under the inthe methods, and results of work, was spiration and lead of the Laymen's for the most part derived from the Missionary Movement, many of the missionaries themselves. The charac- most eminent and sagacious of our ter of the work undertaken for the business men, the captains of indusreligious betterment of" non-Christian try, have been investigating this mopeoples and the achievements of the mentous matter, and thousands all the workers was little known except to land over have reached the conclusion the initiated few. In every community that missions rank among the worththose well disposed toward the Gospel iest and mightiest movements this often feared that the money was not world has ever seen. It would seem wisely expended, that the missionaries to be high time that the uninformed were somewhat weak and sentimental, and misinformed cavilers lapse into the results shallow, and the whole en- perpetual silence. terprise expensive and unfruitful. A MEN'S RELIGIOUS CAMPAIGN Within the past ten or twenty years however, a decided change of senti- A commission of about one hunment has come about, largely because dred men has been formed to carryon of the world-tours that have become a ""Men and Religion Forward Moveso common. Not a few business and ment," from September, 19II, to May, professional men have gone to the I9I2. The purpose is to hold in the ends of the earth, not for mere sight- ninety cities in America the biggest seeing or money-making, but to meetings ever held in the interest of study the religious conditions in lands religion. It is expected to have the where the Gospel has just begun to be cooperation of the Y. M. C. A.'s, heard. Among those investigators are Brotherhoods, The International S. S. statesmen like Roosevelt and Taft, Association, and kindred organiza- Ambassador Bryce, and Sir Robert tions. The work for the men and Hart for more than half a century in boys is to be prosecuted by "teams" public services in China; newspaper of six men, giving eight months to the correspondents like Ellis and Curtis; campaign. These teams are to be representatives of Y. M. C. A. and made up of specialists in Bible study, Christian Endeavor like H, P. Beach, evangelistic addresses, religious work fornia Indian Rights Association (a for boys, social service, shop and fac- Protestant society).

tory meetings, and a singing evan- After the conference with the Coun- gelist. The teams are to go from city cil of Women's Boards, tentative plans to city, conducting conferences, hold- were adopted for a series of home ing street parades, including all the mission institutes in a number of men in the churches. American cities to study local and na- This movement gives as its specific tional religious and social problems.

objects: "First, to devise for all or- The policy was also indorsed to ganizations workable plans for spe- have in every congregation a mis- cialized effort for men and boys; sionary committee whose business second, to publish a statement of the it shall be to promote missionary edu- most approved methods of religious cation and giving. One committee work for men and boys; third, to bring should have charge of both home and into the churches by May, 1912, the foreign missionary interests.

largest number of men and boys; The executive committee of Federal fourth, to increase enrollment in Bible Council of Free Churches, of which classes; fifth, to increase missionary Dr. IV. H. Roberts is chairman, also gifts of money and men; sixth, to met in "1ashington and discust prob- teach men how best to devote money lems of religion in America and to the service of others; seventh, to Church Unity. It was reported that improve the social, political, and com- during the past year State federations mercial life of all the people; and, have been organized in Pennsylvania, , eighth, to exalt the spiritual power of West Virginia, Vermont, New Hamp- the public worship of God." shire and Indiana and similar councils UNITY IN HOME MISSIONS have been started in several Western states. The I-Iome Missions Council-a joint meeting of the Protestant Home Money was appropriated for the Missionary Societies and Board of work of a Social Service Commission United States, met in Washington, to investigate conditions and methods. The quadrennial council will be held D. C, during the last week in Jannary. in Chicago in 19I2.

This Council has not been in exist- ehce for three years and is growing MISSIONARY UNION FOR SOUTH- in the spirit of harmony and effective EAST EUROPE cooperation. }I.t this conference the Little active missionary work has Indian problem was discust and been done among the members of the united opposition was shown to the great Slavic family which inhabits al- bill pending in Congress to appro- most all Southeastern Europe, not priate 300,000 acres of land in New because it is not needed, but chiefly Mexico for a Roman Catholic manual because the great need in these training school. An attorney was re- nominally Christian lands was not tained to oppose this and other at- fully understood. There are the Poles tempts to devote public funds to sec- and the Ruthenians, the Servians and tarian use. The council, on the same the Rumanians, the Gipsies, the ground, opposed the granting of $20,- Greeks, and the Bulgarians, all in sore 000 by the Government to the CaIi- need of the pure gospel. The British

OF THE

and Foreign Bible Society distribu- A MOVEMENT IN RUSSIAN POLAND ted Bibles, the great Religious Tract Among the Roman Catholic Poles Society provided them with suitable of the western provinces of Russia tracts, and the American Board was there is steadily going on a movement active in Bohemia and Bulgaria; a few away from the Roman Catholic Scotch and English Christians con- Church, very much like the Los von tributed of their means for private ef- Rom movement in Austria. The forts; but, after all, an organized and causes behind the formation of this strong effort to reach these vast masses new sect, called "Mariarits," are the in Southeastern Europe with the aggressions of the Jesuits and the Gospel in its purity has been lacking loose living of many of the Roman hitherto. Now the Missionary Union Catholic clergy. The civil and eccle- for Southeast Europe is making an siastical authorities of Russia are by effort to stir up German Christians no means the enemies of this move- toward a sense of their responsibility ment, for Russia has always main- for the members of the Slavic family. tained a position of suspicious oppo- We fail to discover the Missionary sition to the Vatican and all its ways.

Union for Southeast Europe among The movement is very wide-spread in the many societies counted in the Russia Poland, and has reached the World Missionary Atlas of Edin- northern confines of Lithuania and the burgh, 19IO, tho it was started in 1903. southern confines of the Ukraine.

In the beginning the Union simply Tho loosely holding together, the supported the efforts of others arnong movement already numbers more than Gipsies, Poles, Rumanians, and others; 600,000. One of the strong marks of but after it had united with the Mis- the movement is its antisacerdotalism.

sionary Training School in Kattowitz, It retains belief in purgatory and the Silesia, in 1906, it began to prepare its power of the Virgin Mary, but dis- own workers. Its chief sphere of ac- cards papal primacy and infallibility tivity is Russia, Austria Hungary, and maintains the right of direct ac- and the Balkan, tho it has employed cess to Christ.

some workers among the Poles of THE LATEST RUSSIAN CENSUS German Poland (provinceof Posen) and of Silesia. Its laborers are much en- The results of the recent census of gaged in the itinerant preaching of Russia have been published, and the the Gospel and reach almost every announcement has been made that the part of Eastern Europe. They num- Czar now rules over ruo millions of bered thirteen in 1910. The income human beings. Thus the most exten- of the Union is about $7,500 annually, sive realm of the earth is one of the which includes the contributions for most populous also. It has almost 60 the Missionary Training School. The millions of inhabitants more than the latter has been removed from Kat- United States with their colonies in- towitz to Hansdorf, in Silesia, and is cluded, 95 millions more than Ger- in a prosperous condition. The quar- many, I I I millions more than Japan, terly magazine of the Union is called and 120 millions more than France.

Mitteilungen der Mission fur Sud- The population of Russia is increas- Ost-Europa. ing at the rate of 20 millions an-

nually, and there is enough land, either thought it wise to move to Monastir.

already cultivated or suitable for cul- Rev. and Mrs. Phineas Kennedy have tivation, to accommodate a consider- moved into the Girls' School build- able increase without difficulty. ing to protect it from destruction.

Czar Peter ordered the first census The Government attempted to close of his domain and found 14 millions the school because the Albanian of inhabitants in 1724. In 1782 the language was taught there but the number of inhabitants had doubled, American missionaries protested and while Alexander II ruled over 74 mil- kept it open with sixty-five pupils.

lions. The census of 1899 showed Since other schools have been closed 127 millions, but it was followed by by the Government there have been great catastrophes from within and many boys and young men clamoring without. War, rebellion, and terrific for admission to the mission and only epidemics wrought greater destruction the lack of funds prevents the reopen- than in any other empire of the earth. ing of the boys' school to meet the The war with Japan alone cost more present need.

than one-half million of Russian lives. EDUCATION IN TURKEY Yet, the population increased until it is now 160 millions. The proclamation of liberty in Of each thousand of the total popu- Turkey did not mean that European arts and sciences could be introduced lation of the Russian Empire 771 are into the Turkish schools at once. The peasants, 112 are inhabitants of towns, holy law of Islam prohibits the inincluding merchants and mechanics, struction of Mohammedans in arts and IS are noblemen,S are clergymen, and sciences developed by non-Moham- 45 are employees of the Government, medans. The Young Turks might a remarkably large number. The have been able to change their schools number of foreigners [non-citizens] within the European Turkey, but the living within the realm of the Czar pious Moslems of India, Turkestan, 1S very small.

TROUBLE IN ALBANIA and Africa, who are ten times more numerous than those in Europe, The Turkish Government has fol- would have seriously objected and lowed a program of oppression in would have been opposed to the break- Albania during the past year which ing of the holy law. A religious edict has made missionary work exceed- from the Sheik-ul-Islam, the highest ingly difficult. Hundreds of the peo- official of all Mohammedans through- ple around Kortcha, where the Amer- out the earth (except the Shiites), ican Board has a Girls' school, have was necessary to overcome the dif- been killed and hundreds more have ficulty. He was asked for one, and been beaten, exiled or imprisoned. All after weary months of waiting he has newspapers and schools have been given permission to study history and prohibited and every effort is made geography to all the pious Moslems: to keep the people in fear and ig- "The Fetra," published on September norance. Two missionaries have been 26, J9IO, in the magazine Bejan ul obliged by the Government to leave H agg, reads thus: "What is the Elbasan and Mr. and Mrs. Tsilka have word from the Sheik-ul-Islam? His

OF THE TIMES

door be open always, for it is a refuge cure from members of the Church, for all men. It is permissible to study both men and women, what is fully geography and history and to teach as important as their contributions, them in the Arabic language or in the consecration of a certain amount other tongues, like Turkish, or of their time to direct evangelistic Indian, or how does the matter stand? work among their non-Christian neigh- The answer is, Yes, it is permitted. bors. The Almighty God knows best. Written by the poor Mussa Kazim. May BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF THE UN. he be forgiven for it." REST IN INDIA Thus, two years after the proclama- Unfortunately, the most that is tion of liberty the study of geography known about the "Unrest" and "Up· and history is allowed in Turkish rising" in India by those outside her schools, which, however, does not borders is the occasional telegram mean the actual introduction of these from India telling of the assassination studies into the schools. How long of some official. There is enough of it will be before the study of natural this violence to give concern; but in sciences will be allowed, is difficult to reality it is only the froth and foam on say. a mighty flood, which will sweep India on to better things. The great asset A MEN'S MOVEMENT IN INDIA from this unrest is the life that is manifested. India has long been as This matter has been agitated for dead; now she is alive, and vigorous some time, but the general judgment life, if dominated by Christ, will drive was that the time was not ripe. How- out disease from the body. As yet, of ever, recently at the call of a number course, the life is only mental and of the lay members connected with the physical energy. What India needs is Hindustani church in Lucknow, a the spiritual life of God. good congregation gathered to consider what could be done in the mat- As a result of India's new life, new ter. After the devotional exercIses views are rapidly spreading with reand the introductory speech by Rev. gard to many of the most damaging things in the Indian social system. J. R. Chitambar, Rev. L. A. Core, who The leaders of the people are seeing that their hopes for aNew India can has been closely connected with the never be realized until many wrongs workings of the movement in America, are righted. In January, 1910, the was called on to explain the congrega- Indian Social Conference met in tion methods and ntsults as he had ob- Lahore, and discust such subjects as served them while on furlough. This the outcastes, education of women, was followed by a speech by Prof. N. seclusion of women, evils of caste, en- K. Mukerjee, of the Jubilee High forced widowhood, moral and relig- School, earnestly advocating the inau- ious education, total abstinence, temguration of the movement in India. ple girls, child marriages, and foreign The result was the formation of an travel. In every case the decisions organization to be known as the Lay- of the conference were in accord with men's Missionary Association, whose enlightened Christian sentiment. object it will be, not only to try and secure increased contributions, but also The Hindu Social Reform Associaby following the Korean plan, to se-

tion of Barisal, in an appeal for Hindu New conditions are making edu- widows speaks emphatically concern- cated Indians more accessible to the ing enforced widowhood. It says: Gospel. The evils of caste, idolatry, "]ust fancy a girl of five years of age enforced widowhood, seclusion of moving briskly about and playing with women, child marriage, etc., are so her juvenile companions. She is sud- closely bound up with religion, and so denly seized by a ruffian who, with a often sanctioned by sacred texts, that shake of his grisly beard and skinny when one breaks with the practises, hands, tells her that the world is not he must break with Hinduism. An for her, that she must give up every editorial in the Indian Social Re- sport, every pleasure, every comfort former, speaks most strongly against for the sake of society, and should shut the idea put forth by some English- herself out from it for a life of fasts man that the Hindu religious leaders and privations. . . .. May we point should be made the teachers of the out that what is often believed to be young. They are spoken of as the the concentrated wisdom of ages is "agents of medievalism," and their nothing but the accumulated error of morality is spoken of as such that centuries which has blinded our eyes no children should be put into their and steeled our hearts against a sen- care. The opportunity is wonderful timent which is shared by even the for the missionary who will preach lowest beasts in creation." The Indian the simple Gospel in great love, and Social Reformer says in an editorial with sympathy for a nation striving concerning the place of women in the to be born. It is not a time for Hindu sacred books: "If Hindu argument or denunciation. The spirit women but knew what degrading and of New India will not receive that, Machiavellian things are said about but it is a time for mighty Christian them in the standard works of ortho- leaders to bring India out of her sor- doxy, they would not be the rows by the way of the cross.

stanch supporters of it that they have There is one other feature of this ever been." new life which should not be omitted, Missionaries themselves could not and that is the effect on the Christian take stronger positions on moral re- community. It has been the tendency forms so much needed in India to-day of the Christians to lean heavily upon than do the non-Christian reformers. the missionaries. The willingness of The attitude of the new life in India the missionary to bear burdens, and the is not hostile to Christianity or Chris- humble origin of the most of the tian missions. There are a few reac- Christians, are probably the causes.

tionary reformers who would drive Now, however, the Christians are feel- everything not Indian out of India, ing the impulse of the new life. The but their number is small. Without time has come for them to bear their doubt the reformers have derived own burdens. Many missionaries their ideas largely from the missionary have long hoped for such a time. If agitation of these evils, and while the present condition is met with great not usually admitting that fact, all ex- wisdom and tact, that longed for time press appreciation of what the mis- when we shall have an independent sionaries are doing. Church, may quickly come.

CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK The exclusion of all missionary many as raising the question of the work among nominally Christian peo- legitimacy of mission work among ples from the program of the World nominal Christians, and that question Missionary Conference in Edinburgh we must squarely face. It is not, how- has appeared to many persons to imply ever, a new question. It is as old as a criticism of such missionary activ- the Reformation. And in modern ity, and to raise the question of its missions it was a more living question legitimacy. As a matter of fact, its seventy-five years ago than it is to- exclusion has given it a prominence day. The American missions to the that its inclusion could never have Nestorian and Armenian peoples in secured it. Included, it would have the ancient Syrian and Gregorian been lost in the general world view, Churches, to the Greeks in Turkey, and as much lost as Southern Buddhism to the Copts in Egypt, and the effort to or the Kongo or the Shiah Mohamme- meet the dire needs of South America, dans. Excluded, it has been the first which was renouncing both Spain and subject thought of in connection with Rome and religion, raised this issue the Conference, and all over the world then as vividly as it can be raised to- the question of its true place has aris- day. The objection then and now rests en for fresh discussion. upon two assumptions, first that these Of course, we know that the con- nominal Christians are Christian and stitution of the Edinburgh Confer- do not need missionary work in their ence did not deny the legitimacy of behalf; and, second, that foreign mis- mission work among nominal Chris- sion work among them is simple pros- tians. How could any Christian con- elytizing and therefore illegitimate ference do so? Is not home mission and unworthy.

work legitimate among all classes of Missions to Oriental Churches people, whether nominal Christians or not, who are in any religious need? The story of the American missions Is not Christian work legitimate in to the oriental Churches is a fascina- hehalf of any man whatever, no mat- ting and suggestive story, and there ter who or what he is, to win him to are many lessons to be learned from Christ or to a larger and truer life it, but our concern here now is with in Christ? To deny the propriety of missions in Latin America. There are trying to help in Christ's name, and several things which should be said for Christ's service, any man whom in passing, however, regarding the we can help is to deny the very spirit purpose and warrant of the missions of Christ and to renounce the funda- to N estorians, Armenians, Greeks and mental principle of the Gospel. All Copts.

that the Edinburgh Conference did I. The Roman Catholic Church, was to confine its scope to what the which objects to our foreign mis- European Churches regard as For- sions in Latin America, does so on eign Missions. principles which it rejects in its deal- Nevertheless, it must be allowed ings with these oriental Churches. It that the action of the Edinburgh has for years carried on foreign mis- Conference has been construed by sions among them with a view to ab-

sorbing them in the Roman Catholic ica and in the United States? (3) Church. In going to these oriental If not, what course are we to pursue? Churches we have done nothing that (4) If we are to go forward with the the Roman Catholic Church has not missions, how are we to get for them done. that interest and support at home to which they are entitled, not less than 2. The conditions of these Churches our missions in Asia and Africa? demanded help from Christendom. They were illiterate. Their worship The Need of Latin America often was in dead languages. Their polity was tyrannical. Their religion I.-Are our missions in Latin-Amerwas a travesty of Christianity. They ican lunds legitimate and necessary? were an insuperable obstacle to the We answer Yes, and for the followevangelization of the Mohammedans. ing reasons: I. The moral condition of To have neglected them, in the name the South American countries warof an ecclesiastical theory, would have rants and demands the presence of been a shame and reproach which the force of evangelical religion, which the Christian spirit of the American will war against sin, and bring men Churches refused to bear. the power of righteous life. In South America, as a whole, official sta- 3. The purpose of our missions to tistics show that from one-quarter to these Churches was not proselytism, one-half of the population is of ilbut spiritual vivification. The first legitimate birth. Mr. Hale, now conmissions to the Nestorians in Persia nected, I believe, with the Bureau of were instructed to have as their ob- American Republics, says in his very temperate and fair-minded book, "The i ect in establishing this mission: "( I) South Americans," "Male chastity is practically unknown." It is the right To convince the people that they came and duty of evangelical Christianity among them with no design to take to go in with morally cleansing power away their religious privileges, nor to upon this moral need. subject them to any foreign ecclesiastical power; (2) to enable the Nes- 2. The Protestant missionary entertorian Church, through the grace of prise, with its stimulus to education God, to exert a commanding influence and its appeal to the rational nature in the spiritual regeneration of Asia." of man, is required by the intellectual The purpose in Turkey among the needs of South America. There is Armenians was the same. The sep- a brilliant upper class, many of whom arate evangelical churches grew up have been educated abroad, but the in spite of the influence of the mis- continent may justly be called an ilsions. The old bottles would not ac- literate continent. In Brazil, the cencept the new wine. sus of 1890 returned 12,213,346 of the population, or approximately 85 But our concern here is with Latin per cent., as illiterate. In Chile, 1,951,- America, and I wish to ask and an- 061 were returned in 1907 as illiterate, swer four questions: (I) Are our or approximately 60 per cent. These mISSIons in Latin-American lands two countries would dispute with Arlegitimate and necessary? (2) If so, gentina the first place in educational can they be conducted without encountering the antagonism of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin Amer-

CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA 16g

enterprise. And in the Argentine priests. Only a few months ago, the 50.5 per cent. of the population over priest in the church on the main plaza six years of age, and in Bolivia, nearly in ChiIlan, Chile, where the great 80 per cent. of the population over markets are held, boasted openly in seven years of age, are illiterate. church of having burned seven Bibles. Agencies which will bring home to The circulation of the Bible in South these nations the duty of educating America is still dependent upon the all the people, and of doing it with Bible societies and the Protestant missincere thoroughness, of setting right sionaries. If it were not for them, the standards, and of relating religion people of South America would to-day rightly to education, are justified in be without the Bible. Is it wrong to extending their help to South Amer- give it to them? Must we justify ica. a movement without which 40,000,000 people would be ignorant of the Bible? 3. Protestant missions are justified in South America in order to give 4. Protestant missions are justified the Bible to the people. There are and demanded in South America by Roman Catholic translations of the the character of the Roman Catholic Bible, both in Spanish and in Portu- priesthood. I fought as long as posguese, but the Church has discour- sible against accepting the opinion aged or forbidden their use. Again universally held throughout South and again priests have burned the America regarding the priests. Ever Bibles sold by colporteurs, or mission- since reading as a boy the "Life of aries, even when they were the Ro- Charles Kingsley," the celibacy of the man Catholic versions. Again and priesthood had seemed to me a monagain they have denounced the mis- strous and wicked theory, but I had sionaries for circulating the Scrip- believed that the men who took that tures, and have driven them out of vow were true to it, and that while villages where they were so employed, the Church lost by it irreparably and and have even secured their arrest. infinitely more than she gained, she It is safe to say that not I person out did gain, nevertheless, a pure and deof 100 in South America would ever voted, even if a narrow and impoverhave seen a Bible but for the Prot- ished service. But the deadly eviestant missionary movement. The dence spread out all over South Amerpriests themselves are ignorant of it. ica, confronting one in every district A few ecclesiastics, like the one Ro- to which he goes, evidence legally man Catholic cardinal in South Amer- convincing, morally sickening, proves ica, who was formerly an Archbishop to him that, whatever may be the in Brazil, have written approvingly case in other lands, in South America of the circulation of the Bible in the stream of the Church is polluted Portuguese, but nothing has been done at its fountains. by the Church to promote the circulation in Spanish, which is the lan- 5. Protestant missions in South guage of two-thirds of South Amer- America are justified because the Roica. The Archbishop of Bogota re- man Catholic Church has not .given quires all who have Bibles in their the people Christianity. There are possession to deliver them up to their surely some who find peace and com- fort, and some who see Christ through

all that hides Him and misrepresents fending South America's religion Him, but the testimony of the most from the charge that it did not know temperate and open-minded of the a living Christ, contends that in the men and women who were once them- deep faith of the people in Ecuador selves earnest Roman Catholics, is in transubstantiation, and in their that there are few whom they know reverence for the Host, there is a in the Roman Catholic Church who recognition of the living Christ that know the facts of Christ's life, and is indisputable. The very argument fewer still who know Christ. The is acknowledgment of the charge to be crucifixes, of which South America refuted. A Christian religion that is is full, inadequately represent the Gos- life and power, is bound to redeem it- pel. They show a dead man, not a self from such misrepresentation. living Savior. We did not see in all the churches we visited a single sym- The Strength and Weakness of Rome bol or suggestion of the resurrection 6. Protestant missions are justified or the ascension. There were hundreds in South America, because the Roman of paintings of saints and of the Holy Catholic Church is at the same time Family and of Mary, but not one of so strong and so weak there. There the supreme event in Christianity. And priesthood has a powerful hold upon even the dead Christ is the subordi- the superstition of the people. As nate figure. The central place is we rode along one day in Brazil in Mary's. Often she is shown holding a drizzling rain, with bare heads and a small lacerated dead figure in her rubber ponchos, an old woman came lap, and often she is the only person running solicitously from her hovel, represented at all. In the great La mistaking us for priests and crying, Merced church in Lima, over the "Oh, most powerful God, where is chancel is the motto: "Gloria a Ma- your hat?" To the people the priest ria." In the oldest church in Bar- stands in the place of God, and even ranquilla, there is no figure of Christ where his own life is vile, the people at all in the altar equipment, but Mary distinguish between his function as without the infant in the center, two priest in which he stands as God beother figures on either side, and over fore the altar, and his life as man, in all "Gloria a Maria." In the wall of which he falls into the frailties of the the ancient Jesuit Church in Cuzco, flesh. Not only is the priesthood the known as the Church of the Campania, . most influential body in South Amerare cut the words, "Come unto Mary, ica, but the Church has a hold upon all ye who are burdened and weary politics and family life and society with your sins, and she will give you which is paralyzing. Its evil is not rest." There are many, I am sure, weak and harmless, but pervasive and who learn to love and reverence the deadly, and the Christian Church is name of Christ, but Christ as a liv- called by the most mandatory sancing moral and spiritual power the tions to deal with the situation. But, South American religion does not pro- on the other hand, the Roman Catholic claim. And I notice that in a recent Church does not have a fraction of issue of A merica, the Jesuit weekly the strength and power in South published in New York, a writer de- America which we had supposed it

rJ THE CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN

had, and the inefficiency of its work to understand the morality of the view is pitiful. With enormous resources, which would deliver the whole situawith all the lines of power in its hands, tion in South America to the agency it has steadily lost ground. The which has created it, an agency whose churches, save on festivals, are most- influence unless reformed from withly ill-attended. The priests are de- out, is wanting for everything but rided and reviled. The leading news- evil. paper in Chile, which bitterly attacked some statement which I made upon 7· The Roman Catholic Church in returning, about the character of the South America needs the Protestant priests, a few weeks later printed a missionary movement. There is good denunciation of the priests in north- in that Church in South America. ern Chile, far more sweeping than There are good men and women in anything I had said. The comic pa- it. In spite of the falsehoods and pers gibe at them. This spectacle of vicious elements in it, there is truth a continent of men losing all respect also. That the good in it may triumph for religion and leaving it to women over the evil, there is need of exterand to priests whose moral character nal stimulus and purification. The they despise, and whose religious char- preserice of Protestant missions alone acter they deride, is a grave and dis- will shame the Church into a selftressing spectacle. There is no sadder cleansing, and introduce the forces, or sight to be found in the whole world. support whatever inner forces there The religious teachers of South may already be, which may correct America have made the men of the and vivify it. There are some who continent irreligious. They have dis- think the South American religious covered that what was taught them is system is simply to be swept away, false, and with that discovery they that it can not be reformed; but there have flung away the faith which they i, another view open to us, and that now call superstition. One can not is that against whatever odds and but feel toward them as the author with whatever deep-cutting excisions of "Ecco Homo" felt toward the the good may be strengthened and en- Pharisees: "It would be better that abled to eliminate the eviL Already the Jews should have no teachers of Protestant missions have wrought wisdom at all than that they should great changes. They are altering in have teachers who should give them Chile at least the ostensible attitude folly under the name of wisdom. of the Church toward the Bible. They Better that in the routine of a labo- have been among the influences which rious life they should hear of wisdom have secured a very fair text-book of as a thing more costly than pearls but sacred history in the public schools beyond their reach, than that it should in Chile. They have elevated the seem to be brought within their reach standard of education in the schools and they should discover it to be paste conducted by the Roman Catholic Church, and have greatly stimulated If a divine revelation be the the Church in its establishment of greatest of blessings, then the impos- schools. "His praiseworthy efforts," ture that counterfeits it must be the says the ex-Minister of Justice and greatest of all evils." It is not easy Public Instruction in the .Argentine,

Dr. Frederico Pinedo, of Mr. Morris, it is demanded by the moral necesthe founder of the Argentine Evan- sities. The South American Church gelical Schools, "have had the virtue system has not met these. It has proof awakening the Catholics, who, not duced them. It has resulted in stagto be left behind, have also founded nant populati()ns, some of which have numerous schools, so that in every diminished in !lumbers. It has inspired way the most needy children are be- no moral reform. It has created no ing benefited." They have o:teadily solid basis of commercial and political widened the sphere of freedom, and character. It has done nothing perhedged in the Church more and more manently to uplift the Indians. Litto a true church ideal. To restrain tle of its great wealth has been emor abate the forces which have done ployed either in education or in works all this is not an act of true friend- of charity. Its philanthropies are inship toward the Roman Catholic significant in comparison with those Church. It is a betrayal of her best of the Roman Catholic Church in the interests and her best men and wo- United States. The power which men, who need all the help that can it is evident the Protestant missions be sent from without to cleanse the alone can introduce is needed to awa- South American soul, and to purge ken a benevolent love of the unfortuits chief institution. nate and the needy, and to make the character without which free institu- The Only Hope for South America tions can not endure, and the resources of nations must lie undeveloped. Let 8. And lastly, tho it seems to me me put this last consideration in the that I have only begun the argument, words of the Anglican Bishop of the evangelical Christianity is warranted Falkland Islands, whose seat is in in going to South America, because Buenos Ayres, and whose work lays it alone can meet the needs of the on him the burden of South America's Latin-American nations. Many lead- real need: "The needs of South ing men in South America realize America," says he, "how great and this. Again and again South Amer- pathetic they are! The world's empty ican statesmen or governments have continent, the hope of the futuresought from Protestant lands what the home to be of millions of Eurothey recognized could come alone peans, who are already beginning to from them. The Argentine Govern- flow there in a steady stream-it is ment gave $r ,000 gold toward the without true religion, and does not present building of the American realize its danger! The form of the Church in Buenos Ayres. When Sar- faith prevalent is the weakest and miento became president of Argen- most corrupt known, and it is impostina he commissioned Dr. Goodfellow, sible to believe that the rising young a missionary returning to the United nationalities of the continent can long States, to send out a number of edu- be content with it. Indeed, they are cated women to open normal schools. not content with it now. Yes, a faith Evangelical Christianity is required to they must have. What hope is there meet the intellectual, moral and social for Argentine, for example, that needs of South America as well as its Spanish-speaking United States of the religious necessities. Fundamentally,

THE CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA

future, without true religion? Of what man Catholic Church in Latin Amer- use are vast material resources, rapid ica and in the United States?

development, wealth, knowledge, pow- Well, as a matter of fact, they do er, without that? Surely, God has a not escape, and never have escaped place in the world for these brillian" this antagonism, no matter what the Southern races. They are still full care and spirit with which they have of vitality. We have no right to been conducted. I could quote criti- speak of them as effete and played cisms by Roman Catholics of the out, especially when we know the mar- American Episcopal missions in Bra- velous recuperative power of the hu- zil and the Philippines, altho in the man race. Well, where should this latter, the mission has sought carefully place of development be, but in the to protect itself from the suspicion free air and temperate climate and of proselytizing among the Roman wide spaces of the New World, far Catholic Filipinos. And you all know from the social tyrannies and religious how the Protestant missions in aU superstitions which have hitherto re- parts of Latin America have been as- tarded their proper growth? It is sailed by the Roman Church, and how nothing less axiomatic that South the organs .of the Church in the United America needs true religion, if ics States have dealt with any who have future history is not to be a disap- dared to state the facts regarding Lat- pointment, and its development a fail- in-American conditions. Now, is all ure. this inevitable?

"South America needs what Chris- History helps us to answer this tian England, if the Church were but question. There was a time when in moved with more faith and love, could the Philippines, and in all Latin Amer- easily give-true religion; namely, re- ica there was no religious liberty, no formed, scriptural, apostolic Christian- free speech, no public education, no ity. Our own people need it, that they civil marriage, no burial rites or inter- may be saved from only too possible ment in a cemetery for a Protestant, degradation. The Spanish and Portu- no valid baptism for Protestant chil- guese-speaking people need it, that dren, and consequently, in some lands, they may develop into strong free na- no right of inheritance. These in- tions they desire to be. The aboriginal tolerable conditions have passed away.

races of Indians need it, that they Did they pass away without the an- may be saved from extinction, and tagonism of the Roman Catholic find place, too, in the Kingdom of Church? It fought everyone of these God." reforms. It is fighting some of them If missionary work is not warranted still. Not one advance has been made and demanded in conditions like these, toward free institutions and free edu- where is it legitimate? cation, and freedom of opinion and The Antagonism of Roman Catholics speech and religion in Latin America without encountering sooner or later n.-But if our missions in Latin the opposition of the Roman Church.

America are justified and necessary, In 1852, the Pope denounced the can they be conducted without en- movement in New Granada toward re- countering the antagonism of the Ro- ligious liberty, which decreed the e.x-

pulsion of the Jesuits, a curtailment reached, but neither of these con~ of Church revenues, free education, siderations will save us from the opfreedom of the press and freedom of positon of the Roman Catholic public and private worship. These Church, for, as the recent investiga- "nefarious decrees," the Pope con- tions of the delegates from the Engdemned and declared to be "null and lish Baptist Church have shown, and void." In October, 1864, Pius IX as all who have looked into the subwrote to Maximilian, "Your Majesty ject know the work of the Roman is well aware that in order effectively Catholic Church in South America to repair the evil occasioned by the claims almost all the accessible Indian revolution, and to bring back as soon population, so that work there is reas possible, happy days for the sented by the Roman Church as much Church, the Catholic religion must, as work for the rest of the population, above all things, continue to be the and, curious as the fact may appear, glory and mainstay of the Mexican the atheism and unbelief and immoralnation, to the exclusion of every other ity of South America are nominally dissenting worship; that the bishops Roman Catholic. In no South Amermust be perfectly free in the exercise ican country have the men of the land of their pastoral ministry; that the more completely thrown off religion religious orders should be reestab- than in the Argentine, and yet nomilished or reorganized, that no person nally these men are Roman Cathomay obtain the faculty of teaching lics, and the constitution of the Arfalse and subversive tenets; that in- gentine requires that the President of struction, whether public or private, the RepUblic shall be a Roman Cathoshould be directed and watched over lic. I believe there is the same reby the ecclesiastical authority, and that quirement among similar conditions in in short the chains may be broken Uruguay. In Chile, where a third which up to the present time have of the births are illegitimate, and 60 held the Church in a state of self- per cent. of the popUlation is illiterate, dependence, and subject to the arbi- the government cen~us gives 98 per trary rule of civil government." Now cent. of the population as Roman if every step thus far toward the Catholics; while in Brazil, where the emancipation and enlightenment of government census of 1890 gave a per- South America has been antagonized centage of illegitimacy of 18 per cent. by the Roman Catholic Church, we and of illiteracy of 80 per cent., the must not be surprized or intimidated official returns gave 98 per cent. of if we continue to meet with opposi- the people as Roman Catholics. In tion. other words, on the declaration of the official census in Brazil, almost 18 per The Real Facts cent. of the Roman Catholic births were illegitimate, and about 80 per For let us candidly and fearlessly cent. of the members of the Roman face the real facts. It is very well Catholic Church were illiterate, while to seek to justify some of our work according to the official census of in South America by pointing out Chile, almost 33 per cent. of the Rothe atheism and unbelief which needs man Catholic births were illegitimate, to be dealt with, and also the great aboriginal popUlation which is to be

CASE FOR MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA

and about 60 per cent. of the church- We may lament this. We may be- members illiterate. You can not do lieve, as I believe, that it is the height anything for the people of Brazil or of folly for the Roman Catholic Chile that is not on the face of it Church in the United States and Can- work for Roman Catholics. Prac- ada, to seek to deny or cloak the tically all the illegitimacy and illiteracy indisputable facts regarding Latin is Roman Catholic illegitimacy and America. But the cold truth is that illiteracy. We do not believe that we can not carryon any Protestant that fact puts it beyond the pale and work of any sort whatever in Latin makes any effort to relieve it unwar- America without encountering the rantable, but the simple fact can not opposition of the Roman Catholic be escaped that whatever missions are Church both there and here.

operated in these lands, or, indeed, in What Shall We Do? any Latin-American lands, are oper- ated among nominal Roman Catho- IlL-If, then, this opposition is un- lics; for the Roman Catholic Church avoidable, what course are we to pur- claims them all as its own. sue?

And the situation is not relieved by 1. We are to do our duty. It is that view of our mission work in these our duty to minister to human need.

lands which would acquit it of all Weare to maintain our missions in responsibility for establishing Evan- Latin America, and to seek to evan- gelical churches, and would be satis- gelize the people of Latin America fied to conduct it simply as a moral with the Christian Gospel, just as we and educational influence, seeking by seek to evangelize the Japanese Budd- its example to awaken the Roman hist sects whose doctrines and rites Catholic Church to better standards are scarcely less Christian than those and a purer life. The Roman Catho- of many of the Latin-American lic Church approves of su~h Protes- peoples.

tant missions no more than the other 2. Weare to seek to build up evan- kind. It has opposed such work so gelical churches in Latin America, and earnestly as it has fought evangelis- to receive into these churches con- tic effort. In the Argeritine House of verted men and women, whether Deputies it assailed, through one of these men and women have been its bishops, the remarkable schools of nominal Roman Catholics and actual Mr. Morris in Buenos Ayres, and in atheists and unbelievers, or whether Brazil. American Catholics have la- they have been open repudiators of all mented the work even of Protestant religion, or whether, as will usually institution" which, altho ill this they be the case, they are men and wo- were in error, they declared had no men who have sought for moral and evangelistic purpose or influence. spiritual satisfaction in the Roman As a matter of fact, our missions Catholic Church as it is in South are welcomed in every Latin-Amer- America, and have been disappointed.

ican land, but not by the Roman Most of the earnest members of the Catholic Church. Both in South Amer- evangelical churches in Latin America ica and here that Church stedfastly have been devout Roman Catholics resents and opposes every such effort. who were discontented with their

vain search for life and peace. If it And all the forces of human progress is said that this is proselytism, my are with us. Indeed, there are some reply is that I abhor proselytism as entirely too free and radical forces much as any man, but that proselytism awaking within the Roman Catholic is the effort to win a man from one Church, or among the Latin-American form of Christian faith to another, people. We must beware of sympathy and that the Latin-American form of with anti-clerical movements which Christianity is so inadequate and mis- rest on principles which are anti-re- representative that to preach the truth ligious, and with tendencies of thought to it is not proselytism, but the Chris- which not only destroy tradition, but tian duty of North American Chris- by the same token, dissolve history. tians, both Protestant and Catholic. We have no easy path. The true path is never easy in the midst of 3. We are to pursue in all this work conflicting extremes. To be a rank the most irenic course. Weare not partizan is far simpler than to extri- to attack the Roman Catholic Church. cate truth from error in antagonistic . That is not good policy, and it is not views and to travel on even ways. good principle, and it is to many of us practically impossible. We grew up 5. We must recognize sympatheti- here with many friends in the Roman cally the problem with which the Ro- Catholic Church, and we have many man Catholic Church has to deal. It friends in it now. We believe that is stupendous. One's heart goes out here, and even in Latin America, it to the earnest men who have to bear holds some great fundamental Chris- this burden. It remains to be seen tian truths. We respect the piety and whether the capacity of adjustment to consecration of many of its men and new and unavoidable conditions is in women. Weare appalled at the mass the Church, or whether it is incapable of evil which has overcrusted it in of being reformed. There are many Latin America, but even so, we can who assert that it is. We venture to not wage a war against it. Our pur- believe otherwise, regarding large sec- pose and desire are to preach Christ tions of it at least. In other large sec- and to set forth the positive truth in tions a work of destruction and re- love. This course will result in the generation must be done as radical destruction of error. Even this course almost as any needed in heathenism. will be opposed by the Latin-American Church, but, nevertheless, in spite of Support at Home such opposition, in spite of the in- sults and slander by which all who try IV.-And now, lastly, if we are to tn show the actual conditions in Latin go forward, in this spirit of good will America, will be assailed in the United and friendliness, but of undaunted States, we must not be provoked into determination, how are we to get for unkindness or injustice toward that these missions adequate interest and which is good and true in the Roman support at home? Those who are now Catholic Church, both among its peo- interested in such missions are in- ple and among its leaders. terested, as a rule, from ultra Prot- estant and militant anti-Papal con- 4- We must be patient and hopeful. victions, and their argument for mis- If we have the truth, it will prevail. sions in Latin America, would in-

volve as an inevitable corollary a great presentation which can be gainsaid or propaganda in the United States and disputed, we are in danger of damag- Canada, against the Roman Catholic ing the case which must be made. Such Church. I do not believe we ought to faulty evidence can not invalidate the take up the matter in this way. It is sound evidence, but diverts attention, true that the Roman Catholic Church and it compromises the argument. It in the United States makes it very is no easy matter to be faultless here difficult to take it up in any other when we review all the testimony way. It insists that the Church is which is current. But we must take one in all lands, and in all ages, and pains to be absolutely accurate, and that to state what we know to be the then we must speak out unflinchingly facts about Latin America is to libel the facts which demand attention, and and attack the Church in the United which dare not be obscured. States and Canada. This is a terrible responsibility to assume, and one 2. We must challenge the conlongs for the day when the Church science of Great Britain and America in our lands will be as bold as Car- specially. The South American Jourdinal Vaughan and Father Sherman, nal states that Great Britain has :£555,- any many other ecclesiastics have been, J42,041 capital invested in South and denounce and renounce the evils America, and that her dividends from and abuses which flourish under the this investment in 1909 were £25,457,- name of the Church in all Latin Amer- 030; that is more each month than ica. And we must anticipate this the total expenditure on evangelical day, and be wise enough and generous missions in South America in a hunenough not to allow th~ American and dred years. In the face of such a Canadian Roman Catholics to shoul- statement as I quoted at the outset der the shame of Latin America in from the Bishop of the Falkland blind denial of indisputable facts. Our Islands, can a nation conscientiously propaganda must be carried on, I be- do such a thing as this, draw a stream lieve, on the basis of these facts, name- of national wealth from these lands ly, the conditions of need in Latin and contribute to them no moral or America, which unanswerable evi- spiritual treasure, or next to none? dence can establish. 3. We must, temperately, but firm- I. First of all, we must set forth ly, dispute the position that the whole these conditions, aud prove them by Church is facing the whole world task, evidence which can not be gainsaid. or is entitled to claim the divine re- Whenever evidence creeps into our sources available for a world emprise alone, if it excludes from its view the need and appeal of Latin America.

URGENCY OF MISSIONS If the government of Great Britain In all India I did not see a single can take the census of India within soul that looked as tho it could twenty-four hours, how long ought afford to wait till the next generation it to take to give the gospel to all to hear the gospel of Jesus Christ.- those in India ?-A. J. GORDON. J. CAMPBELL WHITE.

MITIVE METHODS IN OLD

RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES IN MEXICO BY NEVIN O. WINTER, ESQ., TOLEDO, OHIO. Author of "Mexico and Her People of To-Day_"

When the Spanish conquerors dians could not fully appreciate the reached Mexico the policy of Cortez Deity or humanity of Christ when repleft no alternative to the inhabitants resented by such invaders. but the adoption of the Christian religion. "Conversion" and "baptism" A few of the Aztec gods blossomed became interchangeable terms, and out as Christian saints soon after the baptized pagans were immediately en- Conquest through the ingenious rolled as Christians, even tho their schemes of the early priests, who conversion only followed the use of adopted this method to make the new the fire and rack. Within a few years religion accepted. They brought with after the conquest, according to tlte them into the Roman Church the Roman Catholic records, baptism had particular cha;acteristics and powers heen administered to more than (our which they were credited with as pagan million Indians. gods. As for example, the goddess of the rains, who was much worshiped Dreams of avarice swayed the in the regions of little rain, may be minds of the conquering legions, for recognized in Our Lady of the Mists, it was believed that from the unknown of the Mexican Church, who is apwestern world was to come the gold pealed to fol' the much-needed rain, that was to make every man a Cro~"us. and is believed to have the same power But first these ungodly peopte must be that the old Aztec or Toltec gods were converted to Roman Catholicism, and, supposed to have. In many places there as the unlettered Indians r::ould nr)t are shrines erected to these saints of understand the real spirit and mean- the Church, and it has been proven ing of this new religion, visible sym- that, in most instances, in Aztec times, bols and pictures were substituted for temples existed on the same spots their former idols, and the introduc- dedicated to the goddess of the rains tion of the Roman religion substi- or mists. tued new ceremonies and symbols for the rites of their old sanguinary wor- The story 0 f miraculous appearship. It is little wonder that the In- ances upon scenes already sacred, made the transition from the native

19II ] RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES IN MEXICO

ceremonies to the ritual of the Ro- their gods, thus indicating that the man Catholic Church easy to a people grosser forms of paganism have not who were accustomed to outward been stamped out entirely. The priests show and symbolism. The striking do not approve of this and try in every ceremonies of the Roman Church, as day to stop these practises, but withpractised in :Mexico, and its impres s- out success. ive services in an unknown tongue. seemed in harmony with the rites of The Roman Catholic Church used the Aztecs, and it was not hard for to be all-powerful in Mexico. It Cortez to force his religion upon the held the wealth and the learning of simple and superstitious mind of the the country, and rich men gave freely poor conquered Indian, who was more of their substance. Poor peons-and interested in form than in doctrine. they are vastly in the majority-went It is, therefore, easy to understand clothed in rags that the Church might why the religion of the Roman Church be benefited. A favorite method of in Mexico is not free from pagan fea- increasing the income was the sale tures, even to this day. As one writer of indulgences. General Thompson, expresses it, "Paganism was baptized, United States Minister to Mexico in Christianity paganized." Outward r845, wrote as follows: "As a means display means more than spirituality or raising money, I would not exand piety with the ignorant who con- change the single institution of the stitute a very large proportion of the Roman Catholic religion (in Mexico) population. of masses for the dead and indul- gences for the living for the power of In remote caves of mountain re- taxation possest by any government." gions it is said that the ancient deities are still worshiped. Several writers Shrines and chapels were formerly assert that they have seen Indians on so numerous that a true believer passed their way to the mountains to sacri- through the streets with head uncovfice lambs, chickens and flowers to ered and hat in hand, for fear that he might pass one unobserved, and not AN ADOBE HUT ON THE MEXICAN PLATEAU

remove his head-covering, as piety de- of it. An edict aimed at the power manded. During the later years of of the Church was issued by Com- Spanish rule in Mexico, the Church monfort in 1857, but the Indian rebecame so rich that it was reported former and president, Juarez, was to have in its possession one-third of the first to actually accomplish the all the wealth in Mexico. In addition separation of church and state, several to the power the Church naturally years later. The establishment of the held, this immense wealth gave its empire with Maximilian as Emperor leaders great prestige in governmental was a reaction, and an attempt to esaffairs, for wealth everywhere com- tablish a government in which the mands power and respect among those interests of the Church would again in authority. At one time the clergy he paramount.

ENTRANCE TO A SUBTERRANEAN TEMPLE AT MITLA, !'.lEXICO held property to the value of about The greater portion of the property $r80,ooo,ooo, yielding an annual in- once owned by the Church has now come of $12,000,000, according to re- been lost, and the country abounds in liable authorities. Some have even ruined churches and convents. The estimated the wealth at more than law went so far as to prohibit the Church from holding the title to prop- $600,000,000. erty, and if it wished to own property, it must be in the names of individuals. Unfortunately, the Church used its Priests were forbidden, under penalty great influence to oppose progress. of fine and imprisonment, to appear The immense wealth of convents, in the streets in their clerical dress. shrines and monasteries was poured Religious processions outside the walls forth with lavish hand in what of the church, or churchyard, were the Church considered a holy war prohibited. Civil ceremonies were against heretical ideas and persons. made obligatory to render a marriage Then reformers set envious eyes upon valid, and Sisters of Charity and the the church property, and numerous attempts were made to gain possession

Jesuits were sent out of the country. The Mexican Catholic Church, as Even the ringing of bells was regu- an institution, is no doubt to some exlated' by law, so that it has now lost tent the victim of the ignorance and not only its property, but its prestige fanatical zeal I)f its early founders in as well. Mexico. The Church will thrive far more when placed on the same footing For many years Mexico has thus as all churches are in the United progrest in the line of reform. The States, and people and priest accept ambition of the Roman Church has that condition. As one prominent been held in check, but they are re- American priest has recently said in gaining some of their former power, commenting on the struggle in France: and are recovering much of their for- "Everywhere that Church and State mer property. The average Mexican BOOTHS FOR SELLING SACRED CANDLES AT GUADALUPE is superstit1ous. He is boastful and are united the Church is in bondage. bold in times of peace, but craven in Nowhere is the Church so free and the time of trial. Consequently, when untrammeled, or so progressive, as in sick and about to die, he will send the United States." for the priest, no matter how he may have fought the Church when in The first organized movement on health. Many priests, claiming that the part of Protestant organizations the Roman Catholic Church, as the to evangelize Mexico was made by the chosen (?) of the Lord, has a lien American Bible Society when they on all earthly goods, and refuse to sent out one of their representatives administer the last sacrament with- with the American army in 1846. This out some restitution. If the lying man distributed several thousand man owns a confiscated church prop- copies of the Scriptures between Vera erty, he must restore its value before Cruz and the capital, which afterward he can have a clear title to a home bore fruit. A few years later a woin heaven. man, Miss Melinda Rankin, who had been engaged in missionary work in

Texas, crossed the border and held The Presbyterians are working in services in Monterey. In 1862 a Bap- fourteen different States. They have tist missionary, Rev. James Hickey, fifty organized churches and two hunalso began work in Monterey. No dred and twenty-two out-stations, organized effort was made by Protes- which are served by twenty-one fortant denominations until 1869; be- eign missionaries and one hundred and tween this date and 1880, missionaries one native workers. The Methodist were sent by the following denomina- Episcopal Church has twenty-nine tlons: Protestant Episcopal, Meth- missionaries in the field, and one hunodist Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal dred amI twenty-two native workers, South, Presbyterian, North and and is holding services at more than South, Baptist, Christian and Con- a hundred different places. The gregational. Bishop H. C. Riley ob- various denominations have divided tained an old church for the use of up the field, and are working together the Protestant Episcopal Church, and in harmony. The Methodists, for in- Rev. William Butler purchased a part stance, are working in Guanajuato, of the convent of San Francisco, in Leon, Pachuca, Puebla, Silao, and the heart of the city, for the Meth- Oaxaca. The Presbyterians have odist Episcopal Church. centered their efforts in Aguas Cali- entes, Zacatecas, Saltillo, San Luis President Diaz has encouraged the Potosi and Jalapa. All denominations missionaries in many ways, and Rev. have missions in the City of Mexico. Villiam Butler quotes an interview The Methodists, Baptists, Presbyteriin which the President exprest himself ans and Congregationalists have their as follows: "I have seen this land own publishing-houses and issue peas none of you ever saw it, in degrada- riodicals and a great deal of printed tion, with everything in the line of matter in Spanish. There are in all toleration and freedom to learn. 1 about 250 foreign missionaries in have watcLed its rise and progress to Mexico, serving about 700 congregaa better condition. We are not all tions. Many of these workers are we ought to be and hope to be; but medical missionaries who are doing we are not what we once were; we a vast amount of good, and others are have risen as a people, and are now teachers who are instructing the rising faster than ever. My advice is, youth. The Protestant bodies own do not be discouraged. Keep on with property in Mexico valued at nearly your work, avoiding topics of irrita- $2,000,000, aU in use for the purtion, and preaching your gospel in poses of education and spiritual inits own spirit." struction.

THE FIRST MISSIONARY Jesus Christ the first great mission- His soul an offering for sin. Thm, ary came. A man in the highest sense only the man Jesus can meet the man was offered for men. This epitomizes from Macedonia; and this will He do, redemption. And He must still come. until the vision of the natural man He must still go. Allied to his con- shall fade out and that of the resecrated servants, He must still make deemed man rise up in His place.– P. L. JONES.

GATE OF SEOUL~

THE EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM ASIA-I1I* FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF KOREA BY REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

Korea has been called "the storm- surrounded. It is one series of bleak, center of modern missions." A work sandy peaks, almost without verdure. of revival has been in progress for The great extent to which wood is some years, and has become known as used for fuel in Korea causes the one of the most remarkable in the destruction of the few remaining trees history of modern missions. It can even while they are still young. only be compared in magnitude and spiritual results with such work of The population in and about the grace as that at Hila, in the Hawaiian capital, Seoul, is about 500,000. Korea Islands, and in the Telugu Mission of measures approximately 600 miles Central India. The eyes of the Chris- north and south, and a little less than tian world are now turned in the di- one-quarter of that distance from east ~ection of this newly-acquired de- to west. It has an area of about pendency of Japan. 80,000 square miles, or about half the size of Japan. It is divided into thir- The latitude of Korea is from 35 de- teen provinces, and the total populagrees to 43 degrees north, correspond- tion, according to the Japan Year ing to the part of the United States Book for 1907, is reckoned at 14,000,- reaching from Cape Cod to the Potomac. Its situation on the far-eastern 000. coast of Asia, its sea-coast and its proximity to Manchuria, China, and Korea has a backbone of mountains Japan makes it a strategic point. which abound in ranges that run ir- regularly from end to end. They are The first impression of a traveler on not very high, few being as elevated nearing Seoul is the desolation of the as 2,500 feet. They are very much mountain region by which the city is revered by the people, as the habita- tion of spirits who guard the living • Dated, Seoul, Korea, December 13. 1910. and watch over the dead.

Of the ten rivers of Korea, none are is now comparatively little smallpox on the hilly east coast except the Tu- since vaccination has become common men, but there are four rivers on the and the Japanese have introduced so west. The soil is barren-looking earth, many sanitary improvements that tyand would seem almost incapable of phus fever and cholera are becoming fertility, and yet when once vegetation more and more rar,e. is rooted, it seems to flourish. Rice is the king of all vegetable products. The people are a generally quiet and dignified. The pigtail is worn by The land is not without its miner- young men until marriage, when the als, but little mining has been at- hair is done up in a "topknot." The telnpted, because the spirits of the hills right to wear a beard is conceded only to those who have a son. Daughters A KOREAN BOY AND MAN are underrated, as is the case in most oriental countries. are supposed to be disturbed and displeased by engineering operations. The land seems comparatively de- void of religion. There are no great The means of transportation are temples, as in Japan, where they are very primitive, and the strong backs found on every hill and every valley. of the coolie, the pony and the bul- No great procession of priests or falock bear the burden of the country. kirs, sacred animals, incense sticks or A coolie will sometimes lift and car- low prostrations are seen in Korea. ry as much as 500 pounds. Mr. Hulbert says, "There is a mosaic of religious beliefs, held not only by There are many curious examples different individuals, but by single inof the meeting of the old and the dividuals." In the Korean mind there new in Korea. Side by side with the is no antagonism between the different most primitive house or shop may be cults, however logically antagonistic. seen a building of modern western In one frame of mind a man may lean construction, with glass windows and toward Buddhism, in another toward doors, and oftentimes with modern his ancestral fetishism; a Confucian- English signs as well as Korean char- ist in society, a Buddhist in philosacters. ophy, and a spirit-worshiper in trouble. The basis of all practical re- Many diseases are prevalent in the ligion seems to be spirit-worship, incountry. Korea is first of all a coun- cluding animism, shamanism, fetishtry of chills and fever. Happily, there ism and nature-worship generally.

Dr. Gale says that "Society has rested on five strong pillars called oh- ryun, or the five laws, as they are sometimes called, on which rests the world of Confucius." Between father and son this doctrine requires "chin," or friendship; between king and cour- tier, "eui," or righteousness; between husband and wife, "pyul," or defer- ence; between young and old. "saw,"

EDITOR'S LETTERS FROM

or degree; between friends, "shin," Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop says, in or good faith. Allied to these are the her book, "Korea and Her Neighfive virtues: in, eui, ye, chi, shin (love, bars," "vVoman's rights are few, and righteousness, ceremony, knowledge, depend on custom rather than on law. faith). Millions of pages have been She now possesses the right of remarwritten on these subjects, and the riage, and that on remaining unmarwhole five are combined by hyphens into one word, as tho the elements WAYSIDE IDOLS IN KOREA which composed that word were inseparable. Then there are believed to ried until she is sixteen, and she can be five Original Elements-metal, refuse permission to her husband for wood, water, fire and earth. These his concubines to occupy the same agam are associated in one hyphen· house with herself. She is powerless ated word, keum-mok-su-wha-do. to divorce her husband, conjugal fidel- They are called the "Oh-hang," so ity, typified by the goose, the symbolic that the Korean society may be char- figure at a wedding, being a feminine acterized by "Oh-ryun," "Oh-sang" virtue solely. Her husband may cast and "Oh-hang," the Five Laws, the her off for seven reasons-incurable Five Virtues and the Five Elements. disease, theft, childlessness, infidelity, Dr. Gale compares the Five Elements jealousy, incompatibility with her parto the foundation, the Five Laws to ents-in-Iaw, and a quarrelsome dispoas many pillars and the Five Virtues sition. She may be sent back to her to the firmament above the pillars. father's house for anyone of these The Five Elements are supposed to causes. Domestic happiness is a thing play a most important part in life's she does not look for. The Korean affairs. They have to do even with has a house, but no home. The hushappy marriages. A young man whose band has his life apart; common ties element is wood must not be mated to of friendship and external interest are a metal-girl or a fire-girl. Earth and not known. His pleasure is taken in water are the only safe elements with company with male acquaintances and which wood can be combined, so that the "Oh-hang" concerns even the smaller details of life. Of course, with such a philosophy as the social basis, progress is difficult. Such views cause customs to become stereotyped and are an apology for most absurd and unwholesome practises and superstitions.

The father's authority in the family is absolute, as the King's word has been in society. If a wife is not fortunate enough to bear sons, it is a common thing to resort to concubines or a second wife, and the first wife meekly submits.

'gesang'; and the marriage relation- that he loved lost and fallen women.

ship is briefly summarized in the re- Peach-red had never before heard of mark of a Korean gentleman in con- such a being. Her soul was sick, and versation with me on the subject, 'We she wondered if she could but meet marry our wives, but we love our con- Him what he would say to 'the likes of cubines.' " her,' and if He really could cure soul- Dr. George Heber gives the words sickness. When or where or how of one of the native Christian wo- Peach-red met· Jesus, I know not; but men: "Before Christ came into our that she met Him I most assuredly home I never knew what it was to eat know. Seven years rolled away, and a meal in the same room with my hus- out of my life passed the name of band. His meals were served to him Peach-red. It was forgotten in the in the sarang (reception-room), while multitude of names that crowded on I had mine on the earth floor in the me. One Sunday, after service in a kitchen. He always spoke to me in great meeting-house of some two the lowest grade of servant talk, and thousand people, with this and that often called me by insulting names. one coming forward to say 'Peace,'

Sometimes, when he was angry or there appeared before me a smiling drunk, he used to beat me, and my life face known and yet not known. 'Don't was as miserable as that of most all you remember me ? You baptized me the heathen Korean women. But now seven years ago. MyoId name was that Christ has come into our hearts, Peach-red.' Here was this woman in everything is changed. My husband value once less than zero, crowned has not struck me once since he be- with the light and liberty and growth came a Christian. We have our meals in grace during seven years. On long and prayers together in the sarang, journeys over the mountains, hun- and he always speaks kindly to me, dreds of miles, on such a mission as addressing me as an equal. The past Paul's through Europe, had gone the life was a bad dream; the present is unwearied feet of Peach-red. For a foretaste of heaven. We did not seven years it had been a pilgrimage know what love was until Christ came of yictory, and she was here to-day into our home to teach us." with an overflowing heart to thank the A most interesting instance of the Lord. By her side sat Madam Ye, blessing of the Gospel to Korean wo- wife of one of Korea's noted men, men is recorded by Dr. James S. once imprisoned, curtained round, se- Gale, who says: "As I write I see cluded, shadowed by the awful form the face of one called Tohong (Peach- of Nai-woi, proud too, not deigning to red). She was a low-class dancing- look at such refuse as Peach-red. To- girl, bought and sold. Restoration day they sit together and Madam Ye was a word not applicable to her, for says: 'You know so much of the she never was right. She was born Bible. Let me listen while you read lapsed and lived lapsed. Over the walls it. Truly you are dear.' Jesus had of the world that encircled her came broken Nai-woi so that Madam Ye the story of Jesus, a man, a wise and came to this crowded meeting-house.

pure man, pure as God is pure, in fact Christ had bridged the chasm that di- a God as God is God, yet it was said vided these two women. He had de-

livered the poor dancing-girl from the he found that he could retain it in life of a broken Nai-woi and from the his memory. slavery under which she was held. Surely, at such a day as this, when the The aim of the native Church is to woman's world is crashed into and the become self-governing, self-supportdividing walls are down, we need the ing and self-propagating. Disciples gospel to point out the new and better continue to pledge themselves to a way." A KOREAN VILLAGE STREET In Pyeng Yang, where Dr. Samuel Moffett is laboring, there is compara- certain number of days to be taken tively a small population, but over out of their working time, for volun- 2,000 of them are church-goers and tary preaching of the good tidings, and church-members. The Korean Chris- in one station the sum of these days tians are especially active in Christian exceeded 8,000. What wonder that work. Their interest in Christianity there was an average of 453 conver- usually begins when they receive a sions a month. There is no question tract, or buy a book, or attend a meet- that the Korean Church deserves the ing; then they go on to regular at- name of a self-extending body, and tendance, conversion and church-mem- this is the more impressive because of bership, but they do not stop with the abject poverty of the Koreans. personal faith and piety, they seek out The daily wage runs anywhere from and eventually reach their acquaint- fifteen to forty cents. To save anyances, neighbors and friends; in all thing is almost impossiLle, and betimes of the year and in all places of cause the Koreans have so little to concourse and intercourse, public and give in money, they give what is more private. Many of them accept per- valuable, they give personal work into sonal abuse and ostracism' for their which they put their whole hearts. fidelity. It is not too much to say that a Korean church-member is quite uniformly a Christian worker who will freely give his services to extend the knowledge of Christ. Pastors say that sometimes one-third of their members will be found on the streets on the afternoon of the Lord's day visiting from llOuse to house and personally working among their ttnconverted friends and neighbors. These Korean disciples commit scripture to memory, and also put it into practise. One recently-converted man recited the entire Sermon on the Mount without a verbal error; and, when commended for his memorization, he said that he found that it wouldn't stick until he practised its teachings, then

IN JAPAN AND

BY BISHOP M. C. HARRIS Two years ago the fiftieth anniver- impartial in their treatment of the mis- sary of the Protestant missions in sionaries and their converts.

Japan was held in Tokyo. This last The Effect of Union Between Japan and year the quarto-centennial of the Korea Christian missions in Korea was cele- brated in Seoul. The triumphs of At the time of the union between Christianity in Japan have been very Japan and Korea, it was feared that noteworthy. From the year r872 un- this would react unfavorably upon the til 1908 Christianity spread to all the Korean Christians, and many pre- principal cities and towns of the em- dicted that not only would the here- pire. The church-membership is over tofore rapid progress of Christianity 80,000, with a very large number of be checked, but that thousands of other adherents, totaling over 300,000. Christians themselves would be led to Some Japanese pastors believe that abandon their faith. Those who were there are more than a million of nomi- well acquainted with the Christian nal Christians in the empire. The leaders among Korea and the Church Christian movement in Japan from the were free from misgivings, but hap- beginning was almost wholly restricted pily, this political union has produced to the student class, and most of the the very opposite effect. Very few, if converts were from Samurai families. any, have given up their faith on this Thus, Christianity entered at the top, account; but, on the other hand, the and has been slowly percolating down Million Movement, which was on at until it includes a great many of the the time of the annexation, has been masses. In Korea the movement is powerfully stimulated by the union and has been a mass movement. The with Japan, and it is expected that people of all classes have been af- before the campaign ends that more fected favorably toward Christianity. than a million converts will be en- In regard to the mission movement rolled.

in both countries, great attention ha., The relations between the Japanese been given to the careful instruction Government, the missionaries, and the of the people in the principles of Christian churches in Japan are, and Christianity. Therefore, the Christians have been, very satisfactory for many have been saved from fanatical out- years past. Neither the missionaries bursts, and a very sane and orderly nor the Japanese Christians have any development has marked the progress requests to make to the Government in these communities of Christians. for larger privileges and for better In Korea, tho the converts are num- treatment. So there is among them a bered by the tens of thousands, yet universal feeling of gratitude to the they have been well instructed in the authorities. In carrying into effect the first principles, and have exhibited a union with Korea the Japanese Gov- high degree of loyalty and have, as a ernment has more than fulfilled its body, avoided complications with the pledges to protect the Christians, and authorities. In both countries the gov- give the largest liberty to the mission- ernments have been very friendly and aries. The representatives of the different missions caIled upon the Gov- one organic body. Many years must ernor-General by Count Tera Uchis, elapse before such a consummation and assured him that the Christian could be brought about. churches would be obedient to authority, and there would be no trouble. But the attitude of the Japan Gov- The Governor-General was very much ernment and the people toward Korea gratified, and in turn assured them of has undergone a very radical change. his interest in their work, and desired In place of the former attitude of their cooperation in promoting the distrust, and also of contempt for weal of the people. It is interesting Korea, the watchword now is "Treat in this connection to note that the the Koreans as our equals, and also treatment of the Korean dynasty and let us especially help them in their efthe Korean people has produced a very forts to secure a higher standard of happy effect. Seventy-six were raised living." There is good reason to beto the peerage and nobility, and lieve that under the egis of Chris- treated in all respects as Japanese tianity the churches will become one at noblemen, and also a large sum, thir- least in spirit, and the people will inteen million yen, was given to the ermarry and amalgamate, and become thirteen provinces for the establish- wholly homogeneous. ment of hospitals and schools, and other public utilities. Gratuities were All thoughtful persons will feel ingiven to the worthy old people, num- clined to sympathize with Korea in bering many thousands. so that all the loss of her independence. Never- the people were made to feel the theless, they will conclude that Korea kindly touch of the authorities at the will share so largely in the benefits beginning. A large number of the of· this union that her sense of huprinces and princesses, and newly-cre- miliation should be forgotten, and that ated nobles visited the Japanese Em- the whole people should very cheerperor and Empress, and were present fully accept the new relations, and at his Majesty's birthday on Novem- profit from them to the very highest ber 3d. They were kindly received, extent. and were highly pleased with their visit. The Korean Revival and Its Results The future relation of the Christian The revival in the churches of Kochurches in the two countries will be rea began about three years ago, not a matter of very great interest to the as a local affair, but through all the Christian world. Heretofore, they churches in the land. Its first effects have stood far apart. Fraternal greet- were seen upon the Christians themings of an informal character have selves, and for some time the movebeen extended to each other. Now ment was wholly within the Christhat they have become one people un- tian circles. The results seen upon der one constitution, one rule, the the native Church were remarkable. spirit of fraternity and of coopera- It was baptism of purity. The law tion will be rapidly advanced, tho of God, which demands a pure and it must not be expected that the two faultless life, was first revealed to churches can unite and be formed into them, and brought them to conscious- ness of sin and repentance, and to the purging away of all impurities. The effect also upon the church as an evan-

gelizing power was very great. As tation of every home in the land, and in the first Pentecost in Jerusalem, all the presentation as far as possible, to were filled with the new life of the every individual. The ingathering of spirit, and began to bear witness. All such a large number during the first gladly told the story of their salvation quarter of a century of Christianity and of the salvation of all through in Korea stands out as one of the faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The marvelous things in the life of Chrisrevival which began in the heart of tianity, but what is most interesting the Church, spread also to all parts of in connection with this movement is the country. Tens of thousands of the effect of this revival upon the people were enrolled as seekers, and churches in China and Japan. From became regular attendants at church. Korea the revival fire spread over into Scores of young men, the student Manchuria, with the result that reclass, were called to the holy ministry vivals in connection with all the Chrisand devoted their lives to God for tian churches occurred, producing the this work. The immediate effects upon very same effects in among the Christhe whole people were very manifest. tians and upon the people as seen in New joy and courage and purpose Korea, and not only this, but the for the salvation of the whole people churches in North China and Central came to the church. China were also very greatly affected. Revivals in many, if not all of the About one year ago a new move- churches, resulting in thousands of ment was launched under the name of conversions, took place. Many of the "A Million Souls for Jesus in One Christians in Japan were skeptical as Year." The missionaries and the Ko- to the genuineness of this movement, rean Christians were perfectly united believing that the conversion of so in this undertaking. And now and many Koreans to Christianity was in after this following very closely upon part a political movement. However, the political union between Japan and the leaders among the Japanese Chris- Korea, a new movement was launched, tians visited Korea and became acwith the cry, "Not only a million souls quainted with the Korean Christians for Jesus, but the whole land for and missionaries, and investigated the Jesus and how." The special workers conditions, with the result that their in this movement, numbering over 700, doubts were all removed, and they met in the city of Seoul early in Octo- were convinced that this movement ber, and launched the campaign. These was non-political and altogether a very were divided into 350 teams, consist- extraordinary phenomena. The news ing of two each, and they went from they carried back to the churches in house to house preaching the word, Japan and in pulpit and press the condistributing the Gospel, and enrolling ditions were discust, and also made seekers. The result of. a three weeks' known to the Christian churches. The campaign was the enrollment of over result in Japan has also been a quick- IO,ooo seekers, and the conversion of ening of the Christian movement several thousand. Following this, the there. and not only this, but the story campaign was to be transferred to of the Korean revival has spread all every provincial city and county seat. over the Christian world. Indeed. the campaign includes the visi-

OF BIBLE STUDY AMONG ORIENTAL

BY CLAYTON SEDGWICK COOPER, NEW YORK The Bible is rapidly acquiring a books was delayed for a brief time, position of preeminence among the with the result that every copy was college men of the East. In three na- sold before a single one was printed. tions of the Orient during the past In one meeting in the city of Seoul year national committees of Bible I saw 655 Koreans enroll themselves scholars have been formed with the in Bible classes. A training class for express purpose of preparing in the teachers was formed, with a membernative languages, Bible courses and ship of thirty-five educated men, led literature suitable for students. by Mr. Ye Sang Chai, one of the best Chinese scholars in that country. In Japan the first result of this Bible committee's work has been a In India the Bible is rapidly becourse of studies in Japanese on "The coming the most valued of all sacred Social Teachings of Jesus," prepared books. For several years Pundita Raby Professor Y. Chiba. This Bible mabai, perhaps the most learned wocourse has been arranged especially man in India, has been engaging the for use in small groups. It is the services of fifty workers, with her own first series of studies which has been printing establishment, for the transwritten with this design for Japanese lation of the Bible, and the making students. A booklet has also been is- of a commentary upon the same, for sued by another member of this com- the eighteen million Indians who speak mittee, Professor H. Yoshizaki, en- her native language, the Maratha. A titled "Bible Study in Small Groups." high-caste Brahman professor, who Still another booklet by President presided at a student meeting that King, of Oberlin, is now being trans- I addrest in the city of Lahore, North lated by Mr. N. Niwa, the title of India, speaking to an audience comwhich is "Bible Study the Great Way posed almost entirely of Hindu, Mo- Into Life's Values." hammedan and Parsee students, ex- claimed, "I have read through the In the city of Shanghai last autumn Bible carefully, not once, but many a Bible institute, held for three days, times. I consider the Sermon on the was attended by 3,000 Chinese young Mount one of the greatest pieces of men. An extensive series of Bible moral and religious literature in the institutes similar to this one is now world. I venture to say that the stubeing arranged with much care for dents of India know the Bible better next college year. These institutes than they know any sacred book of will reach the student life of prac- Hinduism." tically the entire empire of China. In view of such facts as these, it During my visit last year at the city is of the most striking significance that of Seoul, in Korea, I found that the within the next six months a natif)nal Bible was the chief book of this na- Bible secretary, giving his entire time tion. Great difficulty is experienced and attention to the supervision and in furnishing enough Bibles at twenty- promotion of Bible study, will be prestwo cents apiece, to supply the Ko- ent for leadership in this great cause reans. A few years ago one church in each of the three sections of the ordered 20,000 copie!' of the New Orient-India, China and Korea, and Testament. The publishing of these

Japan. These men, already in close generation of students in the Far East. touch with the great student Bible An old Brahman in Calcutta said to movements of North America and me, "The Bible will stir the conscience Europe, will devote their lives to a of India-the conscience which has thorough-going study of the spirit and been slumbering through thousands of method of Bible study best adapted to years-and India will awake to Christhe life and development of these ori- tianity." One Christian worker among ental nations. students in the city of Calcutta told me of scores of Hindu students who The whole matter of native Biblical had come to him, one by one, to study literature, of whicl:t these nations are with him, for an hour, the English in such peculiar need at present, will Bible, and to discuss the most vital be among the first things considered. questions of their personal lives. No mere translation of Western Bible Among these men he also pointed out study books will be adequate to meet a goodly number of the most thoughtthe demands of these Eastern peoples. ful students, who, through the influ- Literature must be prepared by men ence of these personal conversations, whose knowledge of the life of these had been led to accept discipleship nations is both inherent and trained. with the great oriental teacher.

A great progress will be noted, also, In the city of Allahabad an Oxford during the next decade in the Orient graduate related to me his experience in the training of expert Bible teach- with a Brahman student who read ers. During a six weeks' Bible cam- the Bible with him for over a year. paign last year in China and Korea, Especial attention was given to the not less than 3,000 students were en- life and teaching of Jesus. No refergaged in Bible study. This number ence was made to the personal acmight have been increased many-fold ceptance of Christ on the part of this had there been trained Bible teachers Brahman student. At the end of the ready to accept leadership in the year, however, the teacher said one classes. The group plan of study is day to his Hindu scholar, "What do especially consistent with the Oriental you think of Jesus Christ?" The anlove of discussion and argument; but swer came slowly, but with peculiar this system in the East, as well as in certainty, "I think that Jesus Christ the West, is truly dependent upon ef- was the greatest man who ever lived. ficient agencies for the training of I think-yes, I know-He is my Sateachers. Letters from the Orient vior." confirm the fact that the leaders of the Bible work among the tens of A competent intellectual and spirithousands of students of these nations tual interpretation of the Bible, as a are keenly alive to this particular need. result of this movement, will greatly This is evinced in the formation of further the cause of evangelism among normal training classes in the great thinking men in the East. A very student centers, and in the general representative scholar and teacher of preparation for training conferences. the city of Tientsin recently accepted Christianity. It is noteworthy that he It is, however, as an evangelizing has been retained as the head of a agency that the Bible promises to be government school, subsequent to his an outstanding influence in the next

STUDY AMONG ORIENTAL STUDENTS

conversion. He exprest to me his am- as yet, brought openly to accept Chrisbition to become so proficient in the tianity, the spirit of student relationknowledge of the principles of Chris- ships has often been entirely transtianity, through the study of the Bible, formed. In the main hall of the Asthat he might be able to translate into sociation Building at Calcutta, one the Chinese language the central may read the significant words, meaning of the Christian religion. "Bought by the power of prayer."

One is profoundly imprest, also, in A Chinese student in one of the Korea by going into churches that colleges of South China was marked are literally packed to the doors, many off from other leaders by the audacity containing over a thousand men and of his attempts to make the Bible real women listening to the clear exposi- among his fellow students. I asked tion of the Bible. The vivid appre- him how he came to be so much hension of the deep princiiJles of this more interested than the other stubook has been the predominant influ- dents. He answered, "I have studied ence in bringing Korea, as a nation, for a year the spirit and method of nearer to an entire Christian evan- Jesus Christ." I was told that he gelization than any nation on the face kept with great seriousness a half of the earth. hour each day for the study of the life of Christ. The impression of this It does not take unusual prophetic student's life was extraordinary. powers to realize also the wonderful use of the Bible in the East as a means After all, the great question of the for developing spiritual reality and East, as well as of the West, is the power in personal living. I was deep- question of character. Whether it is ly stirred to find, in th~ city of Naga- the confused political questions of Insaki, fifty students in one of the col- dia, the intricate commercial relationleges, arising at six o'clock each morn- ships of China, the proper industrial ing and spending an hour, singly and development of Korea, or the striking together, in prayer and Bible study. military and social evolution of Japan It was not surprizing to find an un- -all these are subjects which are diusual depth of serious motive and rectly affected by the influence of the ideal among the men of this institu- teachings of the Bible upon conduct. tion. These students had discovered As one of our own great political not simply the knowledge, but the leaders said not long ago, "The quespower of the Bible. tions that decide the success of men in the present age are, Will the in- It is not unusual to see Christian dividual lie? Will he steal? Is he Indians studying their Bibles on the pure in heart ?" We are utterly contrains, and often in the hostels, where vinced that no man can habitually Bible classes are being rapidly formed. follow the custom of daily Bible study One Christian worker explained to in serious meditation and communion me how the entire atmosphere of one with God, without achieving in his of his student hostels had been own life the preeminent qualities changed through the influence of a which made the life of Jesus im- Bible group, which met each week mortal. in one of the student's rooms. While comparatively few students had been, The East needs, supremely, at this

time the embodiment in the lives of ness. I said to him, "What is the men of the chief message of the Bible great influence for the making of -the love of God. I shall not soon Christianity a fact among the educated forget the meeting with a great pio- men of India?" His answer came inneer missionary leader in India. For stantly, "Men whose hearts are filled thirty-five years he has poured out with the love of God." I saw this his life for that people; and altho he great man address an audience of Inhad been obliged often to beat his dians. I saw him at the close, as he way against great odds, through all took them by the hand and looked the years he has kept his spirit of into their eyes. I was convinced that "sweetness and light," being known he had found the supreme secret for far and wide for his great loving-kind- the evangelization of the world.

SEEING THE WORLD IN BOSTON BY FRANK W. HAROLD, BOSTON, MASS.

Two. years have passed since the by verbal pictures entered in through idea of a great missionary exposition the eyegate, and took possession of was suggested at a meeting of the "man soul." Thousands of young Young People's Missionary Union of people were educated in addition to Boston. The success of "The Orient the casual visitors, and they have in- in London" and "Africa and the spired many to practical, sympathetic East," the great missionary exposi- and prayerful effort, in behalf of tions held in Great Britain in 1908 world-wide work. Some few offered and 1909, was so marked, and the themselves for foreign service, as a Americans who visited these exposi- result of the exposition, and after tions urged so strongly that the idea .one of them, eighteen young people be transplanted to the United States, came forward as candidates fol' the that plans have been made and car- foreign field.

ried forward until success is assured. An exposition offers a great oppor- The committee of Boston men se- tunity for Christian service, and in cured the services of Rev. A. M. Gard- many instances has proved the start- ner, who organized "The Orient in ing-point for young people who London" and other successful mission- hitherto had withheld themselves from ary expositions in England, and his such opportunities for becoming in- experience, his initiative and energy terested in missions.

make him a valuable man as general The Exposition, which will be open secretary. in the Mechanics' Building from April The English expositions illuminated 24th to May 20th, will show the na- the mission fields to the Christian tive life in non-Christian lands, in public. Knowledge of the missionary order to impress the contrast with and his work which has failed to grip life in the countries where Christ is the attention and impress the mind known and honored. It will dereon-

THE WORLD IN BOSTON

A GENERAL VIEW OF THE LONDON EXPOSITJON strate the work of missions, and show and populate the variOlls scenes will the results of Christian work, the in- drive home the facts. fluence of Christianity upon the people and the customs of the lands which The demonstrations are to be made have not accepted the gospel. in various ways, showing actual scenes from many countries. An attractive Generally the missionary appeal has Japanese street scene will be as true been made through the ear, but thou- to life as it is possible to make it. sands of people in the churches know There will be a Japanese garden, a little about the great fields or the tre- Buddhist temple, a tea-house, with all mendous enterprise of missions, and their beautiful scenic accessories. A this ignorance has begotten indiffer- tall pagoda will dominate the Chinese ence. Outside of the churches there village, and among the other struca,re tens of thousands who are not tures will be a temple, a cobbler's shop, only absolutely indifferent, but feel no an apothecary's shop, a Chinese house, obligation and no responsibility what- a Christian chapel, aml scenes showever, with reference to the Great Com- ing the missionaries at work in school mission. It is hoped that "The vVorld and hospital. The India section will in Boston," with its picturesque pre- include the Temples of Silence, a waysentation of things, which will be at- side shrine, a Kali temple, an India tractive to the eye, will draw large bazaar, and most interesting of all, numbers of all classes of people. When perhaps, a zenana, showing the wothese have been attracted through cu- men's apartments in the home of an riosity, the thousands of stewards Indian gentleman. Another foreign who will have charge of the exhibits scene will be an African village with a

real Kongo hut, various native indus- churched areas of the Far West tries, the idol's house, and a mission- will be vividly portrayed by the fronary's home. tier scene, which is to include a log cabin, a sod house, a colportage Mohammedan lands will be repre- wagon, and a little chapel. A secsented, and there will be a Palestine tion of the immigrant station at Ellis exhibit. Considerable space will be Island will show the effort being made devoted to medical missions, showing toward turning the never-ending the contrast between methods em- stream of immigrants not only into ployed by the native doctors and mis- good American citizens, but Godsionaries. The work among lepers and A JAPANESE SCJlNE AT THJt EXPOSITION IN LONDON that of industrial missions will also fearing men and women. Porto Rico be illustrated. and Hawaii, as well as many other countries, will also have their place Several large sections of the exposi- in the Exposition. tion are to be devoted to scenes depicting the evangelizing effort made On the second floor of the great along home mission lines. In the sec- building there will be a comprehention illustrating work among Amer- sive exhibit of educational missions. ican Indians, there will be a genuine Side by side visitors may see the natepee, with scenes on the plains, and tive schools of China and India, with an Indian chapel. A slave-ship and the mission schools and the methods its horrors will be contrasted with of the modern educational institutions educational and industrial work which have grown up in these lands. among the negroes of the South to Especially interesting in this section show the development of the negro will be the educational work among race. The great unsettled and un- the children of all non-Christian lands.

AFRICAN VILLAGE SCENE AT TEE

AMERICAN INDIAN LIFE AT THE EXPOSITION

There will also be tableaux of every- a spectacular presentation of great his- day scenes in the home life of all torical events in the history of mis- peoples, and moving pictures taken on sions. It includes five dramatic epi- the field of the busy life in great sodes, representing the north, south, centers of population and work of east, and west, with a final procession- missions in all parts of the world. al from all quarters of the globe. More The great feature of "The World than a thousand participants, most in Boston," which will make it differ- of them wearing costumes, will be ent probably from any other exposi- tion ever held in America, is the army of IO,OOO stewards, who will make true to life every scene. To prepare themselves for this duty, these stew- ards are studying the history and the work of missions in the particular country to which they are assigned.

There will be a class in nearly every one of the more than three hundred churches of Boston and vicinity, from which stewards have been enrolled.

When the exposition opens, these men A MISSIONARY WINNING AN AFRICAN BOY and women, young and old, will wear the native costumes of the people they included in the various scenes. It is impersonate. During the four weeks intended that by this means the moral of the exposition, they will impart to of the exposition will be driven home visitors the information which they and the meaning of the various scenes have acquired, take part in dialogs made plain to every comprehension.

and demonstrations, and in other ways Other cities will doubtless desire to endeavor to impress the crowds who have similar expositions, so that the are expected to attend, with the im- Missionary Exposition Company has portance, the necessity, and the bless- been organized in New York by a ing of world-wide missions. It seems number of Christian men. This com- as if the exposition would be worth pany is constructing much of the per- while, if its only result shall be the manent material for "The World in influence which the study and active Roston," and after the Boston Expo- participation will have upon the stew- sition will rent it to committees in other ards. It is not possible that they will cItIes. This company will also aid, ever again lack in interest for the through its permanent staff, in the or- work of the kingdom. ganization and management of exposi- One great feature of "The W orId tions in any part of the United States in Boston" will be "The Pageant of or Canada. Should any profit be de- Darkness and Light," to be presented rived from the rental of material, af- in the grand hall of the exposition ter the payment of the company's cer- building, every afternoon and evening tificates of indebtedness, the money during the four weeks of the exposi- will go into the treasury of the Young tion. This is really a musical drama, People's Missionary Movement.

FRENCH COLONIES AND FRENCH

BY REV. A. BOEGNER, D.D., PARIS, FRANCE French Protestantism has been Of course, the growth of the work tried to death by three centurie, of was slow. The first aim of the society persecution. Everyone knows about was only to help other societies, es- the massacre on St. Bartholumew's pecially the Basle Mission, which has night, about the Revocation of the been-after the Moravians-Iike the Edict of Nantes, and about the Dra- mother society of all the missions of gonades, but what is less known is continental Europe. But the Paris that, during the whole of the eight- Society was, after a time, able to eenth century, up to the eve of the start a work of its own, under the great revolution, the persecutions brotherly leading of the London Mis- were going on. As late as 1767 a sionary Society, among the tribes of Protestant minister was executed, and South Africa. There it was allowed from 1678 to r802 no Protestant ver- to begin and to work out its mission, sion of the Bible nor any Protestant which stands now before the whole literature, was printed in France. Dur- Church of Christ as a token of that ing the whole century, until I787, no strength of God which is made per- legal existence was granted to French fect in the weakness of man. All Protestantism. It existed only as the those who have been able to witness Church of the Desert, its gatherings it agree that our Basutoland Mission for worship could take place only by is a standard mission in the whole of night, in wood or in cave, and when South Africa.

its followers were surprized by the Two years ago the delegates of king's soldiers, they were fired upon, France, of French Switzerland, of the killed or captured; the men were sent Valdensian valleys of Italy, of all the to the galleys for life; and the wo- churches and missions working in men to prison-one of them, Marie South Africa, were attending the ju- Durand, spent thirty-six years in the bilee of our Basutoland Missions.

Tower of Constance, at Aigue Mortes. Seventy-five years earlier the first Such being the situation of French missionaries, three young Frenchmen Protestants up to the very verge of –Casalis, Arbousset, Gosselin-had the nineteenth century, it was scarce- made their first appearance in the ly to be expected that this poor rem- country. It was desolated by war; the nant of the great tribulation could population reduced to a small number; care for much else than its own ex- cannibalism, born out of famine and istence and preservation. N everthe- misery, practised; a dying nation un- less, a few years after the end of the der a wise chief. Now the tribe num- ~ apoleonic tragedy we see them, un- bers 450,000 souls; it stilI occupies its der the fertilizing spirit of the great own country as a native reserve, un- Revival, awakening to the thought of der the British protectorate; a Church missions. and as early as 1822 the of Christ has been established, num- Paris Missionary Society was estab- bering now 17,000 catechumens, with lished, as it is still carried on by the a native pastorate, a native work of joint forces of all the living Protes- evangelization, and a native share in tant Christians in France without re- our Upper Zambesi Mission, with a spect to denomination. splendid and complete system of

schools. These were the facts which Loyalty Islands; there is still an Amerwere given to our delegate to witness ican Mission in the Gaboon district and report to us. In one word, a of West Africa; there are English Church, strong by God's grace, grow- missionaries in French North Africa, ing up to self-support and self-gov- and to maintain, as much as possible, ernment, amid a nation saved from this policy of the open door for the destruction and kept alive and sound GOf:>pel, has been the effort and the by the Gospel: such are the proofs glory of the Paris Missionary Society. God has given to the Protestant But everyone who is acquainted with Church of France, of its capacity to the facts knows that, notwithstanding bring forth for Christ. our good will, the chief responsibility for giving the Gospel to the heathen This is only the first of a series. and Mohammedans in the French col- Twenty-five years ago, one of its mis- onies rests on the French Protestants. sionaries, Fran<;ois Coillard, started for the interior and settled in the very What have we done in order to fulplace where Livingstone secured men fil this responsibility? The foundato carry out his first great journey tion of the Senegal Mission, fifty across Africa, and where, years after, years ago; the taking over, at the missionaries of the London Mission- same time, of Tahiti and the Society ary Society had been hindered in their Islands; more recently, the taking efforts to open work by poison and over, from the London Missionary Sodeath. And out of the labors of Coil- ciety, of one of the Loyalty Islands, lard, a new mission was born-the and the starting of the Mission in New well-known Baroke or Upper Zambesi Caledonia; the taking over, from Mission, which we hope, altho still American Presbyterians, of their stahindered by many difficulties, will be- tions of the Ogowe River, in the come, by and by, a second Basuto- French Kongo, and the creation of land. new stations there; and, last, but not least, the entering into the field of But I am anxious to draw your spe- Madagascar, not to weaken or drive cial attention to those missions which out, but to supplement the English and by the providence of God, through Norwegian Missions-at what cost of historical events, was committed to labor, of suffering, of money and of our care in the vast area of the French life, many of you know-this is the Colonial Empire. work we have done and for which we have trebled in ten years our staff ex- Of course that empire can not be pense. In fact, if you ask for figures, compared with the British dominion, it may be said that the average conbut still it is second only to it. It tribution of each of the 600,000 souls, extends over nearly a quarter of Af- which is supposed to be the total numrica, over Madagascar, the half of In- ber of French Protestants in France, do-China, and important groups of is one franc (twenty American cents) islands in the South Seas. Now for a year for foreign missions. But if this large empire the French Protes- we reckon not by souls but by churchtants are made responsible by circum- members (altho that method of stances directly. God be thanked, calculating is not familiar to us), if there are still English and Norwegian missionaries in Madagascar and in the

19II ] THE FRENCH COLONIES AND FRENCH MISSIONS

we reckon one church-member to five Colonial Empire is to receive the messouls, it may be said that each church- sage of God's love in Christ. More member contributes five francs or one than that: the work which we are cardollar, and if we reckon one church rying on now exceeds our strength, and member to ten Protestant souls, two we are sorely laboring under the indollars. sufficiency of our means and power.

These are the facts. What do the'! Consider, on one hand, the work show? First of all, they show the that ought to be done. It concerns a faithfulness of our God, who has tremendous portion of the world field, marvelously helped us in all our dif- perhaps forty to fifty millions of heaficulties. When we took up Madag:ts- then and Mohammedans. Look at the car, we had deficit in our finance's, and Report of Commission Number I, of not one man ready to go. And the very the World Missionary Conference; first year after the inquiry, we were meditate upon the chapter on Unoccuenabled to send out not less than fifty pied Fields, look at the Atlas pubpeople, including the women and chil- lished by the Conference, and consider dren. And the money was found not the portion of the world for which, only for Madagascar, but also for the belonging to our French colonial em- Zambesi Mission and the Kongo Mis- pire, we are nominally responsible, sion, which had been increased by and where, practically, nothing is done obedience to God's call, and for all -not one evangelical mISSIOnary our work-so that during five years in the interior of Senegal and in the of constant progress, we had no deficit whole French Sudan. Not one evanat all. And as God has helped for gelical missionary in the interior of the men and for the means, so he gave the French Kongo from the upper the blessing, to such an extent that Ogowe River up to the Lake Chao. Dr. Julius Richter could write, "The Portions of Madagascar left without Paris Missionary Society has been in the light of the Gospel. The whole of the hands of God, the means for sav- French Indo-China, save one single ing the whole Protestant Church in and small exception, left without Madagascar." Protestant missionaries. In the mis- sions already going on, or even in If those facts show the faithfulness progress, how great is insufficiency of and the power of God, do they not men and means! also show how and to what extent we ~ave accepted the task which God has On the other hand, consider what entrusted to us in the Colonial Em- the French Protestant Church is, pire of France? the Church to which such tremen- dous responsibility has been en- What Ought to be Done trusted. The question arises: Have we done what we could? Ah! French But the distressing fact is that in Protestants! well may the question respite of the work that has been and echo in the depths of our conscience, is being done by our instrumentality, while we seek before God the reply and notwithstanding all our effort, which truth obliges us to give' the work which has been undertaken is insignificant compared to what But while dealing honestly with ought to be done if ever the French ourselves, we may justly tum to our

friends, and ask them in turn: Do ertheless, to go out to fight and to you know what French Protestantism conquer? If you realize all this, you is, upon which circumstances have will be astonished that enough warmth imposed such a crushing charge? remains to sustain, not only its own Compare our Church, not with large life, but also its home evangelization churches of England and America, and its far-off missions, and you will but only with the churches of the admit that a large portion of this Continent. The Scandinavian nation work exceeds its strength and means. is Protestant; Holland is Protestant; Germany, in its largest and strongest The Need fot' Help portion, is a Protestant nation. The task resting upon it, at least in its col-: This being the situation, who can onies, is in proportion to its power. wonder if, in spite of all the. cour- But for France this proportion does age God has granted us, we have been not exist. We are utterly insufficient led to look for help? But from for our work, God knows it, but you whence can help come? We have must know it also. In France, Protes- gone on trying patiently to keep our tant Christians are a small minority, footing, and laboring, year after year, scarcely one to sixty; not more than especially since the separation of 600,000 souls; not quite I ,000,000, if Church and State, under financial difwe include the French-speaking Pro- ficulties, and obliged finally to come testants of Alsace, of Switzerland, of to reduction. At last came the day Italy, and of the Netherlands. of the Edinburgh Conference, and gladly we witnessed the attitude and Do you know what it means for heard the call of that assembly. Here one-sixth of the whole French popu- at last was hope for help. Am I not lation to counteract the effort of the right when I say that the very charother fifty-nine sixtieths? Of these acteristic of the Edinburgh Confer- 600,000 Protestants, only a small pro- ence is that it has had in view, and portion bears its part in the burden has borne in mind and heart, first of of the great work. This minority of ali, the unoccupied fields of the world, a minority struggles in isolation with and that it has laid the responsibility scattered forces, against the pressure for the unoccupied fields on the of surroundings which are either Ro- Church of Christ as a whole? man CatholIc or indifferent, if not free-thinking and atheistical, in many This spirit consists in the view cases hostile. More than that, these taken of the work as a whole; the same hostile forces are in the mission- whole of the Church is responsible ary fields, and after former times, for the whole of the work; the stronga French Minister of State said: er must help the weaker, "that there "France abroad means Catholicism," may be equality," and that the battle and recently a French Colonial Gov- may end in victory. ernor has said: "France abroad means atheism." Finally, do you know what There are in Europe both British it feels like for a Church, itself of- and Continental, men of God who, in ten half-frozen, to consume its own addition to their devotedness to their heat in keeping itself alive. and. nev- special share of the work have had on their hearts the full burden of the non-Christian world and of the work

FRENCH COLONIES AND FRENCH MISSIONS

to be done in order that it might be My earnest hope is that a time will won for Christ. Such were men like come when American Christians will Robert Arthington in England, Pas- be able, not only to stick to the portor George Appia in France, and in tion of the field already occupied by Germany, Professor Gustav Warneck, you, but also to enter into some other besides many others. Still it has been unoccupied part of our Colonial posthe special feature of American Chris- sessions, and to help us in that way tianity in the last years, that it has to discharge a portion of the responfaced the problem of missions in its sibility which, until now, has rested fulness. By God's grace there are on us alone. For the present, and men in America who live with the perhaps for some years, the principal map of the world under their eyes; part of the work and responsibility in men who embrace the whole man- the French dominion will remai-n on kind and the whole undertaking of our shoulders, but you may help us, its evangelization in their horizon, and wherever God in His grace and in their constant care. There are also mercy will have opened your hearts groups of men inspired by the same to this appeal. Weare few and feeble; thought; works come of the same we want something of your strength. spirit, in this land of the Student We are poor; we want something of Volunteer Movement, of the Young your riches, that there may be equal- People's Missionary Movement, of the ity. May God Himself enable you to Laymen's Missionary Movement. help us, first of all spiritually; and,· if it is possible, practically. He is This broadness of thought and able to make all grace abound toward heart is a gift of God, and that gift you, "that ye, always having all sufmakes men responsible, as well as ficiency, may abound in every good any other gift which the Lord may work and be the means of abundant bestow. No particular work, no de- thanksgiving to Him." nominational undertaking can satisfy Christian ambition and love: you must A Final Word open your hearts to every part of the world, and to every portion of the There is one thing which strikes work, and, where local forces are me, and I write it plainly: to help our wanting, where some important por- French Missions will be to help our tion of the missionary undertaking is French Churches; and to help our checked and stopt by the lack of Churches will be to help France; and means, where some small troops are to help France, to keep France alive, holding the fort in spite of danger and to regain for the service of Christ suffering, you must come, you must that nation, with all its marvelous be the helping army appearing on the gifts for human sympathy, for clear hill. thought, for bright and active expres- sion, for generous and chivalric ex- How can you help? First of all, pansion of truth, is that not also a in keeping in your hand all the por- missionary work, a portion of the protions of the field which you already gram of every missionary heart?* occupy; to withdraw from a country, because it is French, without absolute -)/. Communications may be addrest to A. Boegnecessity, would be to give up duty. nero D.D.• 124 East 28th Street. New York.

A GERMAN MISSIONARY

THE LATE PROFESSOR GUS TAV WARNECK, OF HALLE BY REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., On December 26th one of the ac- terly disgusted with his uncongenial knowledged leaders of the missionary work, obtained his parents' consent to movement, Professor Gustav vVar- go to the near city of Halle in an ef- neck, died at Halle, Germany, at the fort to find a way to enter the higher ripe age of nearly seventy- six years. educational institutions there. His In his illustrious and laborious life, the father could not give him the least two keynotes are just those that appeal financial support, and at that time most strongly to the modern man: he self-help was almost unheard of in German schools. With only 75 cents in his pocket he entered the famous grammar school in August Herman Francke's institution, and in a few years, by working almost beyond his physical and mental powers, he passed through the upper classes and entered the university as a student of theol- ogy.

In the fresh and invigorating air of this alma mater his noble spirit developed wonderfully. His poverty compelled him to earn his livelihood by tutoring, but hard work and late hours caused his health to break down.

Aserious lung trouble and hemorrhages brought him to the brink of death and left little hope for future usefulness.

PROF. GUSTAV WARNECK In spite of this weakness he finished his university course, passed the final was a "self-made man," and he was a examinations and entered the ministry man of one purpose. in a village not far from Halle. Again Gustav Warneck was the oldest son he was laid low by a recurrence of an of a poor mechanic at Naumburg, a almost fatal illness, and altho he small town on the Saale. He passed recovered slowly he retained throughhis infancy in the narrow surround- out his life a frail constitution, so ings of a family without a wide out- that only his unconquerable energy look on the world life and with scanty forced his weak body to new exertions. opportunities for education. When In these early years of his ministry still a young boy he entered the work- Gustav Warneck caught the wonderful shop of his father to assist by counting vision of world-wide missions which and assorting heaps of needles so as inspired him throughout his later life.

to help eke out from a small shop a Warneck never visited in person living for the rapidly growing family. any of the foreign mission fields, ex- At the age of fourteen, after the failure cepting in his mind and by means of of an effort to become apprenticed in his deep sympathy with missions.

a commercial shop, the boy, being ut- He had been fortunate enough to enjoy the blessing of Tholuck's instruc- curious invention or heroic deed, but tion as well as his intimate friendship by the incessant concentration of all while studying theology, and he seem3 his energy on the study of missions, to have imbibed something of the pro- by publishing books and papers, by found devotion as well as the scholas- founding a first-class monthly; in tic method of that eminent divine who short, by becoming ultimately the centook this earnest and gifted son of ter of missionary interests not only of an artizan needle-worker as his com- Germany, but of almost the whole conpanion on his walks. When he be- tinent of Europe. came assistant preacher at Roitzech, a small village in Saxony, he found His Literary Work for Mi••ions in the neighboring hamlet of Pouch a young man serving the Church in In r874 Gustav Warneck, then the same capacity. This was that about forty years of age, started the Grundemann who was afterward to Allegemeine Missions Zeitschrift, become his collaborator in the office which was to become the center of of the Allegemeine Missions Zeit- his work during the second four decschrift. Grundemann, like Varneck, ades of his life. The missionary litwas deeply interested in foreign mis- erature of his day sorely disappointed sionary work, and was laboring to him as utterly inadequate to the greatarouse in other people something like ness and gravity of the theme and rehis own zeal in promoting the spread sponsibility. He had the strong imof the Gospel. These two men each pression that the devotional element, fed the fire of enthusiasm in the other. the pious phrases, the "language of Grundemann was making a thorough Canaan," were rampant in the books of geographical study of the mission field the day so as to make most of them and its statistics, and a plan was undigestible for a greater public. He drawn up by the two preachers for found that the periodical literature a systematic prosecution of missionary of the missionary societies was- dework abroad. But the eye of the plorably lacking in loftiness and far- Church was upon Warneck. sightedness, the pages being crowded with endless details and tedious an- For a few years he accepted the in- ecdotes of every-day life. He felt it vitation to become a secretary of the to be his duty to put up a higher Rhenish Missionary Society, but he standard of missionary literature and was not strong enough for the, inces- to educate his contemporaries up to sant traveling and lecturing connected that standard. The starting of such a with that office. He therefore re- periodical by an unknown young man signed under strict medical orders, for was a bold enterprise. Two friends, the apparently short remainder of his Professor T. Christlieb of the Univerlife, to the small village of Rothen- sity of Bonn, and Pastor Dr. R. schirmbach, near Eisleben, the birth- Grundemann, the author of the first place of Dr. Martin Luther. It seems scientific missionary Atlas, helped Mr. almost incredible that a minister in Warneck through the first years. But a remote small village should become soon the authority of the monthly was in the course of twenty-two years a firmly established. man of world wide-fame, not by any From the first the standard of the Allegemeine Missions Zeitschift was

so high that a whole series of articles worthy forerunner of Harnack's misof the first year's issue fetched the sionary work and the spread of Chrissame price as those of the last year. tianity in the first three centuries." From the very beginning he aimed at scientific accuracy, with articles by ex- In the year 1879 Warneck printed a perts and at the same time adapted to second essay, "The Opposition Bethe needs of people at home; a chal- tween Modern Missions and Civilizalenge to critics of missions and a tion," in which he points out how, in source of world-wide information: the work of modern missions, Chris- Such a many-sided program it seemed tianity still manifests itself as a great almost beyond the powers of one man power, amid the powers of the world. to carry out in a small journal and He shows civilization as both a proyet Warneck proved equal to the task. moter and a hinderer to the spread of Christianity. It is a pity that these The feature of the work that War- excellent works have never been reneck chose as his especially was mis- vised and brought down to date by sionary teaching. He investigated Warneck.* Altho Warneck had fully the basis and laws of life needed for advertised these three volumes by first an evangelical mission and traced its printing them in the A. M. Z., he had activity from inner conviction to out- felt a peculiar distress that as an ward conduct. He upheld the in- editor he must refrain from announdissoluble connection between mis- cing in a fitting manner this his standsionary work and the salvation ard book, which he regarded as the wrought of God in Jesus Christ as crowning effort of his lifelong labor. the life spring of missionary work. He His attempt to set forth an impartial recognized it as his duty to maintain estimate of it by the pen of a collabothat the foundation principles of the rator was a disappointing failure. Bible were living forces in missionary methods. In all his missionary prin- The significance of the volume, on ciples he kept in view the supremacy "Evangelical Mission and Slavery" of the Bible. Besides a series of stri- (published in 1896), which Prof. Warking articles Warneck soon began to neck regarded as the crowning effort publish monographs. In the year 1876 of his life, lies in the fact that it sets there appeared "The Apostolic and forth the oneness of evangelical misthe Modern Mission," an enlarged ver- sionary effort, and shows that it is sion of a Conference address. In con- solidly based on Bible doctrine. Prof. demning the prevalent neglect of Warneck sought to avoid giving unmodern missionary work Mr. Warneck due prominence to any features of mismakes a comparison between present- sionary work; he labored rather to day work and the apostolic missions make every column spring from the and reaches the following conclusion: foundation of the whole literature on Our impatience to attain, in from four its subject so as to form a complete to eight decades, a success in mis- and symmetrical structure. sionary labors which in the apostolic times was the fruit of centuries of toil For thirty-seven years Prof. Waris unreasonable both psychologically neck pursued his laborious and selfand historically. "This essay was a * This subject has been dealt with in three large noteworthy volumes by Dr. James s. De!lnis, with a vast amount of rich material, but without Prof. Warneck's scientific accuracy.-J. R.

J A GERMAN MISSIONARY

denying work of tracing the mission- to find that his son, in accordance with ary movement in all the kaleidoscopic his estimate of the importance of this vicissitudes of its history. In fact, duty, became the pioneer in this dethis toilsome task, which demanded the partment and by his book "The Living regular perusal of from fifty to sixty Christ and Dying Heathenism" pracmissionary journals and many annual tically reenforced the effect of his reports, claimed his whole attention. father's labor. He was always on the lookout for new devices by which this dry matter might Warneck has been called the be made more acceptable to his readers, founder of the science of evangelical and he was never quite satisfied with mISSIOns. The particular fact on his his presentation of facts. The ripe claim to this title is based is not the fruit of this regular and comprehen- large number and soundness of his sive study of the whole field of Protes- writings but rather on his preeminence tant Missionary work appeared in as a powerful writer on the managehis "Outline of a History of Protes- ment of missions, and upon his advotant Missions from the Reformation to cacy of the main thing in missionary the Present Time." This work shows work, the instruction of converts. This the absolute impartiality and soberness subject he treated in an epoch-making, of his judgment and his perfect mas- authoritative and permanently conclutery of materials. The ninth and last sive work. edition (published in 1910) contained 530 pages and is a historical work of Let no man think that the author of exemplary completeness. It is notable so much missionary literature was a for the condensation of its style and perfunctory pastor. On the contrary, for its trustworthiness. Of all his he devotedly ministered to the souls works it is the most valuable gift he entrusted to his charge to the best has made to the evangelical world. In of his power. He was a pious and England and America it has appeared earnest preacher. A vast number of translated into English by a specialist, people have listened to his village his friend Dr. George Robson, and in sermons and in his preparation of his spite of some severe judgments passed own and other children for confirmaon the management of certain mis- tion his teachings have proved an sions, it is accepted as authoritative. abiding blessing. By his confirmation reading classes for young people, by During the last ten years of his life his Bible classes, by the founding of a Warneck directed his attention to the public library and other institutions, question of the intelligent study of Warneck always strove to draw close non-Christian religions, or missionary to him the members of his congregaapologetics. He saw that this little tion. Especially valued were his utilized domain claimed attention and regular missionary meetings. In spite while he only occasionally entered him- of all Warneck's zealous labors he self upon the study of this problem, was frequently dejected over the he urged impressively upon the notice thought that he had made so little of.his younger collaborators their duty spiritual impression on the hearts of to apply themselves to it. his pastoral children. But amid all his sorrow he learned that his peace lay It was an especial pleasure to him in the hands of God. He reminded

himself that, after all, not a little of of missionary work. There are many the good seed which he had scattered who, in the lecture hall or the seminar, sprang up and bore fruit. His con- became inspired with enthusiasm for gregation cherish a grateful affection missions as a result of his words and for him. In the tranquillity of the re- spirit, and not a few through his inmote little village the memory of War- fluence were led to engage in missionneck still brings a blessing upon his ary work. Whoever listened to him family. saw that he had the gift of imparting not only knowledge but life. Warneck spent all his powers to awaken love and intelligent study of Even after he had resigned his ofmissionary work in his native land. fice of teacher, he would not rest. He He organized a body of traveling mis- still edited the Allegemeine Missions sionary preachers and himself took Zeitschrift (The Universal Missions part in their labors, during his earlier Journal) , whose freshest and most years. In the year 1879 he made a powerful articles he wrote himself up great hit by instituting the Conference to the last. To such labor was added of missionary experts at Halle. In the conduct of a correspondence ex- 1883 the University of Halle conferred tending over the whole globe, while the on him the honorary degree of D.D. elaboration of a pointed and careful On several occasions he ably repre- lecture on missions occupied this never sented the cause of missions in the wearied man up to a few days before Provincial Synod and the General his death. It was his frequent prayer Synod. His spiritual and energetic that God would take him away, withremarks are largely responsible for out his being laid aside, but while he the fact that the leading classes of the was in the midst of his work. This Church at home are learning more and prayer was granted for tho a more to pay to missions the attention serious and painful illness attacked that a really living Church ought to him in the beginning of December, cultivate. while still on his bed of suffering he corrected the proof of the January For several years Dr. Warneck number of the magazine and with deep took part in the proceedings of the emotion cried: "This is our thirty- Bremer Continental Missions Confer- eighth year 1" In fancy he saw the ence and more and more evidently be- missionary work advancing; now it came its leader and its center. For a was Madagascar of which he spoke long time he stood at the head of the and again it was Japan. His sickness German Mission Committee and he did not last long and after some days earnestly applied himself to the found- of pain, in the evening after Christmas ing of the Evangelical Alliance. day, gently and in complete peace he passed away to the strains of the In the year 1896, Prof. Warneck Christmas canticle: was made professor emeritus in Halle, but at the earnest request of the faculty "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant he accepted an honorary professor- depart in peace, for mine eyes have ship and for twelve years, by his seen thy salvation according to ~hy matured knowledge and ripe judg- word, which thou hast prepared bement, he instilled into the hearts of fore the eyes of all people." the students his love and knowledge

OPPORTUNITIES IN MEXICO*

BY REV. L. E. TROYER, PUEBLA, MEXICO American Baptist Missionary of the Home Mission Society.

A more picturesque spot could the tunic of John the Evangelist. scarcely have been chosen for the Now, just what are these splendid founding of "Puebla de los Angeles," the "City of the Angels," so called buildings whose magnificent domes because of the tradition that an angel glitter in all parts of the city? In appeared to the founder and led him reality, they are little less than heathen to this particular spot. What a view temples that have been built for the to inspire even an angel! Mts. Popo- purpose of housing images of gold or catepetl and Ixtaccihuatl on the west, brass or wood or stone, and before Mt. Malinchi on the north, Mt. Ori- which, kneeling on the bare floor, may zaba in the distance on the east, and a be seen at almost any hour of the day, low range of mountains on the south, throngs of devotees in the act of worwith undulating plains and plateaus ship. You ask, "What is this image lying in between, a place where, veri- before which these people are kneelly, "every prospect pleases and only ing, and what are they worshiping?" man is vile." This is the image of their patron saint, and they are worshiping it. At Puebla we find ourselves in a Catholicism in Mexico, in its incepcompact city of 100,000 people, one- tion, was little more than the old tenth the entire population of the pagan Aztec idol-worship, taken over island of Porto Rico, and practically with the names of the heathen gods every inhabitant an object of mission- changed to those of Catholic samts. ary endeavor, for they are "without Image-worship exists all over Mexico Christ, having no hope, and without on the part of the faithful adherents God in the world." I have heard to the Catholic faith. Here is an Philadelphia referred to as "the min- altar before which a robed priest isters' paradise." I suppose it is be- stands mumbling "la misa," and bowcause there are so many churches and ing, and tinkling his little bell. Why so many ministers there. For a simi- is he mumbling this jargon that no one lar reason Puebla is called the Catho- understands, and that you call "la lic paradise of Mexico. There are misa" ? A few days ago a man, after scores of Catholic churches-one committing a long list of crimes excomes upon them at almost every turn of the street. There is scarcely a tending over many years, took the life corner anywhere in the city, but that of a fellow man, and finally ended it a Catholic church is accessible within all by taking his own life. The poor at least three blocks, and sometimes wretch happened to have wealthy relatwo may be found in that distance, tives, having paid all the required fees and in certain localities it is possible up to the time of his death, has been to find three; and with few excep- taught that his soul is now writhing in tions they are large, magnificent build- "purgatorio" in agony, from which, in ings. some mysterious way, it can be extri- cated only by the saying of "la misa" Start from our own residence, and a sufficient number of times by this in twelve blocks we lliay pass no less or some other priest. His relatives than seven Catholic churches. The are, therefore, paying handsomely for grand cathedral which occupies a this service on the part of this priest, commanding position in the heart of who is always ready to say "high the city, according to one authority. mass for high money, low mass for is "considered the finest church build- low money, and no mass for no ing in either North or South Amer- money." He will have to say a great ica." In it, according to a printed many masses at the same rate in orannouncement, is guarded with care der to help the poor fellow much, and the purple robe of Jesus Christ and even then no one can know for sure .. Condensed from Missions~ February, 1911.

that he is out, so that the only satis- even after she has poured out the factory way, to the priest at least, is story of her sins, hoping to get some to keep on saying masses at the same relief, or if it be a man, after he has high rate, week after week and year dragged himself over the floor of the after year, as long as the relatives temple several times on his knees in can be induced to part with their the act of prescribed penance in the money for this purpose. Masses are vain hope of finding peace-inevitably being paid for in different parts of comes away with the same hopeless Mexico for relatives who died genera- look gendered by the feeling of contions ago. The doctrine of purgatory demnation that marked the face be·- is a most convenient one for the priest, fore the confession. This we may see but a most expensive one for the other enacted every day here in Puebla by party. multitudes of burdened souls who really seek relief from the load of their Do you want to see the "vicegerent sins. of Jesus Christ" exercising his vicegerency for the living sinner, telling It is the Gospel of Christ that they him what to do in order to atone for need, but that is the very thing that each particular sin which he has com- they do not want and are determined mitted? The present State law of Mex- not to have; they have been taught to ico requires that all confessional boxes shun it as they would shun a pestibe kept out in plain view, and that lence, and to not even converse with they be kept entirely open in front, a "protestante." We open our chapel, so you may actually see the "vice- and rent mission rooms in populous gerent" in action. Here comes a poor centers, and hold services night after soul, really seeking to know how she night, and month after month, and may be rid of the terrible guilt of her year after year, but only a handful sins. She is bowed down with the darken our doors. They are determined awful weight of the knowledge of not to hear the Gospel. Why not go merited condemnation. She kneels be- where they are and preach to the side a confessional box within which crowds on the streets and in the market sits the long-robed figure of a man. and in the plaza? The reform laws of Study his face for a moment as h~ Mexico strictly forbid any propaganda sits curiously gazing about the room of any religion outside of the desigeven while another penitent is already nated places of worship. Weare forin the act of confession. If his face bidden to hold even a prayer-meeting is an index of his character, he is, in in a private home. We must designate many cases, ten times more a "child the place of worship, and even then of hell" than this poor creature who must put up a screen in front of the is pouring the story of her sins into door. If we were to attempt to preach his ear. He occasionally whispers on the street we would find ourselves something back to her, and then in a lodged in jail in less than thirty minperfunctory way listens for a time to utes. Even the homes, all but a very few, are closed to us as Gospel the other poor sinner who is kneeling workers. on the other side. And so the farce goes on to the end of the chapter, and If the Gospel is their only hope, and you turn away sick at heart because they absolutely refuse to listen to the you know that you have been looking Gospel, it seems that the case is hopeupon one of the most gigantic frauds less, and we might as well retire from ever practised in the name of religion. the field. No! there never was a field The irony of it all is that the priest anywhere in the world that could not who thus traffics in the souls 6f his be reached with the Gospel, if the fellow creatures knows deep down in proper means were employed. This his own heart that it is a farce and a is a needy people. Manifestly the monstrous fraud. And the pathos of thing to do is to find out what they it all is that the poor, misguided soul, do want, and while we are giving them

DENOMINATIONS IN MEXICO 2II

that with one hand, give them the competent surgeon and general prac- CospeJ with the other; they will re- titioner. We must have a building for ceive the latter for the sake of the a hospital and dispensary, with equipformer. ment quite up-to-date. If we employ these methods we shall give Mexico a There are two things, in great de- Christian civilization. mand by these multitudes, that we, as Gospel workers, can consistently sup- Why play at missions with such a ply, namely, schooling for their chil- magnificent opportunity as presents itdren, and healing for their diseased self on this field? A compact city bodies. Jesus had a forerunner to with a population larger than was reopen the way for his coming, and his ported for at least two of the States Gospel needs, and must have in of our great Union at the last census, Puebla, a forerunner. The Method- and nearly two and one-half times as ist denomination found this out long great as the population of one of them. ago, and have a well-equipped day In view of the vast resources which school, in which they are doing excel- God has placed in the hands of North lent work, and we rejoice in their American Christians does not this consuccess. dition in a great North American city seem pitiable in the extreme ? We We are convinced that in a city of certainly have neglected some vast opthis size and importance we must have portunities on our own continent. Who not only a school with consecrated could ask for a better opportunity of missionary teachers, but also an ef- investing a few thousand dollars ficient medical missionary department, where his investment would bring which shall include on its staff a con- quick returns in evangelizing a great secrated lady physician for work among women and children, and a city?

OTHER DENOMINATIONS IN MEXICO The Northern Presbyterians began 60 of these are Christian teachers. A work in Mexico City in 1872; in Zaca- monthly is published in English, and tecas and San Lpis Potosi in 1873; at another in Spanish, besides a weekly other points much later. According to paper, a new experiment. Sabbath the report of the Foreign Board for school literature has been prepared by 1909 they have 57 churches, with the Presbyterian Press in Mexico City, 4,320 members, and 373 were added and this is used in South America, that year. There are 26 schools, with Cuba, Porto Rico, Spain, and the 1,362 pupils in boarding and day Philippines, as well as in Mexico. This schools. The ordained American mis- suggests a work that should be done sionaries number 8, the native preach- by the Baptists in Spanish-speaking ers 29, native teachers and assistants countries. We have a small paper in 65, women missionaries 13. The field Mexico, in Cuba, and in Porto Rico, contributions were $23,304, and the but as yet are lacking in suitable Sun- Foreign Board appropriated $53,432. day-school literature and general re- Much attention is paid to the eduq- ligious reading. The American Prestional work, which is essential to the byterian Church in Mexico City finds development of a native church. The its work more difficult than the Span- Coyoacan College and Seminary is lo- ish-speaking church. The pastor says: cated in the capital, and at Mexico "The conditions are even more op- City and Saltillo there are normal schools. The students at Saltillo num- posing in this foreign city of 400,000 ber 100, and altogether there have than in a city of the same population been 931 boarders and 110 graduates in the States. There is the lack of since the opening in 1889. More than religious and moral sentiment which is so helpful in a Christian land."

The Northern Methodists took up tional) expended $24,572 upon its the work in Mexico in 1873, and the Mexican missions in 1908. It has 6 Mexico Conference was organized in stations, 5lout-stations, 5 ordained 1885. The American missionary force missionaries with wives, 5 single woconsists of 13 men and 22 women, 50 men, a total of 15 American missionnative women workers, 29 ordained aries, 6 ordained native pastors, and and 37 unordained native preachers, 2 unordained, 20 teachers, and alto- 92 native teachers, and 20 other helpers. There are 2,822 members and gether, 29 native workers. There are 3,016 probationers, a total of 5,838, 24 organized churches, with 1,540 with II,OOO other adherents. Educa- communicants, 60 added during the tion is looked after in 7 schools, with year on confession. The adherents 24 teachers and 708 pupils, beside!> 3,819 pupils gathered in elementary number 4.425, average attendance and day school,:· There is a theo- 1,126. Three churches are self-suplogical school in Puebla, with one porting wholly, and 1,157 pupils are teacher and two students in 1907. enrolled in the Sunday-schools. There There are 71 Sunday-schools, with is one theological school, with 10 stu- 3,553 scholars; the churches and dents for the ministry; 3 boarding and chapels number 57, valued at $3°9,- high schools, with 140 boys and 161 86o; and there are 33 parsonages, girls enrolled; and 6 other schools, valued at $238,665; while the school, the total school attendance being 676. orphanage, hospital, and other property reaches a total of $217,700. The The people gave $12.494 for the suptotal contributions on the field port of their own work. The missions are at Guadalajara, Chihuahua, Heramounted to $I03,758, $91,476 of mosillo, Parral, El Fuerte, and Guerwhich was for self-support. The adult rero. A State Conference of Conbaptisms in the year under considera- gregational Churches has been organtion numbered 222. The church edi- ized. The report says that in Hermofice in Puebla cost $25,000, and the sillo the Yaqui Indians have made a church has property there valued at deal of trouble throughout the greater part of the State. It is the govern- $170,000. The Mexican church in ment's severe dealing with these In- dians that has been one occasion of Mexico City has 570 members and ~riticism. The missionaries have been probationers, while the English-speak- unable to make headway among them. ing church has 112. The Mexican In the school at Guadalajara, the Cohouse of worship is valued at $110,- legio Internacional) there is a normal 000, and a total of more than $300,- department, and every student is 000 in property has been put into obliged to take part in the domestic or this strategic field. The Methodists industrial work, including carpentry, make their work impress the people bakery and laundry. At Parral the with a sense of stability. They are Congregational and Baptist missionwell spread over the districts from aries have united to maintain a servnorth to south. The Methodist Mexi- ice in English once a month, the only can Institute, the strongest educationai religious gathering of the Englishinstitution, is at Puebla, and has about speaking colony. A German work has 260 students, half boarders. The day also been started among the large Gerschools are attended by Catholic chil- man population in Guadalajara. dren, whose parents seem glad to secure these advantages for them. The The Southern Baptists have had a hospital at Guanajuato, and the medi- work in Mexico since 1880. The Forcal work, open the way where the mis- eign Board reported in 1908, 40 sionary can not gain admittance. As churches and 63 out-stations; 30 misshown elsewhere, we are finding the sionaries, of whom 17 are women; 17 same thing to be true in our work. ordained natives and 21 unordained native helpers; 1,428 members; 17 The American Board (Congrega- houses of worship; 1,046 enrolled in

OTHER DENOMINATIONS IN MEXICO

37 Sunday-schools; 10 day schools was $3.497, and the mission property with 406 pupils. The amount raised is valued at $159,772. There are 25 on the field was $2,I52. The work in church edifices, 14 parsonages, I North Mexico is much the larger. school bUilding. American churches Education is emphasized. The prin- are maintained in Mexico City and cipal fields are Saltillo, Torreon, Du- at San Luis Potosi: The Colegio Wes- rango, Jua~ez, Chihuahua, Hermosillo leyano, training school for young in the north, and Guadalajara, Mo- preachers, is at this point.

relia, Toluca and Leon in the south. The American Friends Foreign Medical work has proven effective, . Board has three mission centers- and a regular dispensary is maintained Matamoros, Victoria and Matehuala, at Guadalajara. At Leon there is with excellent schools in each place.

great intolerance and Protestant work Especial attention is paid to the educa- is especially difficult. There is a prin- tional work, with good results. There tery, and a weekly paper has been are 7 churches, with membership of started in the Leon field. The name 773· of it is the Baptist Watchman (El The Cumberland Presbyterians have Atalaya Bautista), so that our Bos- a mission and school at Aguascalientes.

ton weekly can see how its name looks There are seven missionaries and in Spanish. The missionaries note teachers. The total put into the work an increasing readiness to hear the is about $8,000, half of which is for Gospel, and a corresponding decrease school work.

of fanaticism. The Presbyterian Church South The Protestant Episcopal Church entered Mexico in 1874, at Mata- has missions covering the principal moros. It now occupies six fields cities. The force consists of a mis- with a combined population of 165,- sionary bishop, 16 presbyters, 5 dea- 000. Nine missionaries are at work, cons, 3 candidates for orders, 25 three of whom are men; besides 8 na- teachers and workers from the United tive preachers and 16 native helpers.

States, and 22 Mexicans. Of the There are 10 churches, with 721 com- clergy 9 are American, 7 are Mexican. municants. One boarding and high The report for 1909 shows 55 stations school is maintained in Matamoros, occupied, with a Mexican membership with 120 girls in attendance, and five of 1,187, English-speaking 885. There day schools are well attended. About are 15 churches and 21 chapels. The $2,500 is raised by native contribu- average attendance upon public wor- tions.

ship was 23. Six day schools and 2 The Christian Woman's Board of boarding schools are maintained, with Missions of the Disciples Church has about 200 pupils; the Sunday-school 32 missionaries at work, 16 of them attendance is 447. The contributions American, and 16 native ministers and for this work amounted to $26,963, of teachers; II churches and 21 out-sta- which about $6,500 was raised on the tions, and reported 596 members in field. 1908. There are 370 pupils in the day The Methodists South have three schools. The amount raised on the field Mexican conferences. The work be- was $2,746. The principal stations gan in 1873 in the capital. The force are at Monterey, where the mission consists of 12 foreign workers and was opened in 1897; Coahuila, the 46 native. The three districts have 30 Texas frontier district, Saltillo, and stations and circuits, with 3,063 mem- Sabinas, and in the State of Coahuila, bers, and 1,185 Sunday-school schol- the frontier district. Evangelistic 3rs. The total collected on the field vigor characterizes the work.

REPORTS OF THE GERMAN MISSIONARY

A REVIEW BY REV. LOUIS MEYER Since the German missionary so- numerous. In South Africa the finan- cieties have published their reports for cial difficulties from which the whole the year 1909 it seems profitable to country suffered had a retarding in- review them that our readers may thus fluence upon the work, and the racial gain a clearer view of the large work question, which is becoming more pro- done for the Master by these societies nounced there, by no means aided the among the heathen. work of European missionaries. In The eighty-sixth annual report of German East Africa, Islam proved so the great Berlin Missionary Society successful in its aggressiveness that contains a multitude of valuable and· the German Government quietly and important facts and figures, which kindly urged an extension of mission- clearly prove the blessing of the Lord ary activity, which, however, is not upon the faithful work. The fields of possible under existing circumstances.

the society are the Cape Colony, In South China the enmity of the Orange River Colony, Transvaal, Chinese reformers toward everything Rhodesia, Natal, German East Africa, foreign proved a serious hindrance, and China. In 86 missionary centers, while everywhere sickness of the 439 out-stations, and 616 preaching- laborers, lack of means, and lack of places, II5 ordained and 14 lay mis- men retarded the work for the Master sionaries, 6 physicians and teachers, 33 very much. All these difficulties, how- lady teachers, 4 trained nurses, and II ever, were more than balanced by the tradesmen, of European birth, were manifest blessings of the Lord. The assisted by 23 ordained and 1,006 lay report of the Berlin Missionary So- native workers. The number of con- ciety for 1909 is a most encouraging verts from heathenism baptized during document in spite of difficulties and 1909 was 4,249. so that the number of hindrances recorded in it.

native Christians increased to 60,048 The Breklum Missionary Society in the different fields. Of these native held its annual meeting on June 7. Its Christians 49,245 are found in South sphere of activity is East India, where Africa, 1,982 in German East Africa, the work is being carried on upon 14 and 8,821 in China. The number of stations. Its 29 European mission- inquirers under instruction at the close aries (23 men) are being assisted by of 1909 was 1,952 in South Africa, J26 native teachers and catechists and 1,351 in German East Africa, and 812 145 voluntary helpers. The number in China. The 409 missionary schools of baptisms in 1909 was 372 only, so of all descriptions had an attendance that the number of baptized Christians of 15,381 pupils. The financial condi- increased to 10,791, but 2,239 inquirers tion of the society is a serious one, remained under instruction at the close alas. The deficit of the past year of the year. The 68 missionary schools amounted to almost $48,000, so that were attended by 1,722 pupils, of the total deficits of 1905, 1907, 1908, whom 825 were heathen (653 boys and 1909, amounted to the large sum and 172 girls). The income of the of $180,000. Providentially, the so- society for 1909 was $51,300, so that ciety has been enabled to pay this the year closed without a deficit. The whole debt with the money left by a reports of the missionaries tell the friend of the work some time ago, but story of the irresistible progress of the becoming available only now, yet its gospel in spite of immense difficulties financial condition is such that a mort- and of the growth in grace of those gage had to be placed upon the who have come out from heathenism property in Berlin and an increase of and placed their trust in Jesus in ~he contributions to $350,000 in 1910 former years.

(from $284,000 in I909) is needed if The German Baptists in Berlin are the work is to be continued without able to report large numbers of bap- retrenchment. The difficulties en- tisms in its field, which is Kamerun, in countered during 1909 have been German West Africa. Their 30 European missionary workers are about 300 pupils attended its 9 schools.

faithfully assisted by S9 native helpers, The total income was about $25,CXXl.

and the gospel is being proclaimed by The Gossner Missionary Society this missionary staff in 5 missionary has labored many years already among centers and 51 out-stations. The mis- the heathen Kols of Chota Nagpur sionary schools have increased to 42, with wonderful success, in Assam, in and the number of regular pupils to Jaspur, and in the district immediately 1,782, while the 12 Sunday-schools are adjoining the Ganges. At its last an- attended by 817 young natives. The nual meeting the statement was made income for 1909 was about $27,000, so that at the close of 1909 the number that aU obligations could be met. The of Christians among the Kols was work is progressing rapidly and 74,626, while that of inquirers was blessedly in every department. 14,355, tho the propaganda of Roman The German East Africa Mission- Catholic missionaries continued to lead ary Society well speaks of blessing and away considerable numbers of both trial in its last annual report, for its baptized and inquirers. The congre- work is abundantly blest, tho the gations are so widely scattered that it difficulties, chiefly caused by the ag- is most difficult for the 45 European gressiveness of Roman Catholic mis- missionaries and their 797 native help- sionaries, are great. In Ruanda, ers to look properly after the mem- where its missionaries settled only bers or to instruct the inquirers thor- three years ago, the third station has oughly. In Jaspur no station has been been founded and the people continue founded yet, tho already 2,426 heathen to attend the preaching of the Word have been baptized and 2,740 have be- of God in large numbers, so that the come inquirers. In Assam, where 3 missionaries look into the future most missionaries are laboring, chiefly hopefully, especially since the first ap- among the Kols laboring upon the tea plicant for baptism has come. In plantations, 1,957 of these immigrants Usambara, the original field of the have been baptized, while 329 have ap- society, the number of native Chris- plied for baptism. The harvest in the tians has increased to 1,200, and that district immediately adjoining the of inquirers to 400. Among the in- river Ganges is still small and 7 mis~ quirers is one of the most prominent sionaries have gathered only 674 con- chiefs of the country, Shedafa of verts and 57 inquirers. The financial Mshihui, who has to suffer especial condition of the society is still unsatis- factory, the year closing with a new temptations and difficulties on account deficit of $5,000, so that the total of his prominence. The number of deficit is $33,000 now. pupils in the 44 schools has increased to about 1,700, and the school at The Hermannsburg Missionary So- Kirinda, one of the stations in Ruanda, ciety has laborers in South Africa, is especially promising. Upon 12 Persia, and East India. In Persia the stations and 21 out-stations 24 Eu- work is to be reorganized in the near ropean missionaries are assisted bY-49 future, while in Africa and India it is native helpers, and the income was equal to the expenses, about $8,000. in a most satisfactory condition in the The General Evang-elical Protestant 57 missionary centers and 169 out- Missionary Society has continued its stations. There 67 European missionwork in China and in .Tapan. but has aries are assisted by 300 native workbeen forced to somewhat limit its ers, and more than 70,000 heathen have been baptized, while almost 9,000 heathen pupils were in attendance at activity in the latter country on ac- the 200 missionary schools. count of the decrease of its income. The Jerusalem Society in Berlin upon its 4 stations and 10 out-stations, can look back upon fifty-seven years of 10 European missionaries and 33 na- missionary work among the Arabs of tive laborers were employed, while the Holy Land. Its stations are Beth-

lehem, Betdjala, Betsahur, and He- ward for baptism,' so that the misbron, where one European minis- sionaries there are greatly encouraged. ter and one Kaiserswerth deaconess The total income of the Leipsic Soare assisted by r6 native helpers. No ciety increased to $150,000 during the baptisms were reported for 1909, but year, yet it closed with a deficit of the missionary schools were well attended by Mohammedan children. $15,000.

The orphanage for Armenian orphans The Moravian Missions have conat Bethlehem was so crowded that it tinued their great work in Labrador, became necessary to transfer eight of Alaska, California, West Indies, the older orphans to the Syrian Nicaragua, British Guiana, Dutch orphanage. In Jerusalem the society Guiana, Cape Colony, German East has employed one of its native evan- Africa, India, and Australia faithfully, gelists from Betsahur as assistant but have not yet succeeded in overpastor at the evangelical church of the coming their financial difficulties, so Redeemer, who has entered upon a that the gradual retrenchments decided wide and much-appreciated ministry upon by the General Synod a year ago in the Holy City. Besides the mis- must probably take effect. much to our sionary work among the Arabs, the regret and that of every friend of missocietv takes care of the German evan- sions. gelical congregations at Jaffa and Haifa, with their schools and other re- The Neuendettelsau Missionary Soligious work. The income of the so- ciety has met with continued blessing and success in its work in New Guinea ciety for 1909 was almost $30,000, so and in Queensland, where 35 Euthat all expenses could be met. ropean and 14 native workers are em- ployed in 13 stations. Its native Chris- The Leipsic Missionary Society re- tians have increased to more than ported much progress upon its three 2,000 and its missionary schools are fields in India and Africa. In India crowded by more than 600 pupils. it is the successor to the old Danish- Halle mission in the Tranquebar field. The Neukirchen Missionary Insti- tute is reaching out for new fields in There the European missionaries need German East Africa, its fields upon aid most urgently, for in 41 stations, Java and in the Lamu and Tana dis- 862 out-stations. and 264 preaching- tricts of British East Africa being in places, only .17 German and 1.1 Swed- a most prosperous condition. Its misish missionaries are at work, who were sionaries number 29 Europeans and assisted by 29 ordained and 204 lay 69 natives upon 15 stations. The nanative workers. The number of bap- tive Christians gathered by the faithtized heathen has increased to 2I,gOl ful work have increased to more than (19~ adult baptisms in 1909), while 2,000, and the schools report an at- 184 inquirers remained under instruc- tendance of about I,800 pupils. tion at the dose of 1909. The missionary schools were attended by The North German Missionary So- IO.q20 heathen Ptlnils. In German East ciety reported another year of labor Africa many difficulties were caused and success in Togoland, West Africa. by the progress of Islam and the in- For the first time within seventy-four Ciease of the number of European years of missionary activity more than settlers, yet 17 heathen were baptized 1,000 were baptized in one year, the and the total number of baptized total number for 1909 being I,14~. and heathen is now I,:to;2. There are 1 I among them 826 adult heathen. Upon stations, 36 out-stations. and 6 preach- 8 stations and I43 out-stations, 53 Euing-places, and a staff of 32 Eu- ropean and 204 native workers were ropean and 5q native workers, while in employed. The number of native the 64 schools 5,817 pupils were en- Christians increased to 7,635 from rolled during I 909. In Ukamba the 2,go8 at the close of 1902, and the schools were attended by 5,627 pupils, first free Wakambas have come for- an increase of 565 over the number of

FIRST LAOS BELIEVER 21

pupils in Ig08. The increase of pupils 864 Christian teachers impart instrucis not as large as in previous years, tion to 15,114 heathen pupils (out of but still very satisfactory. The in- a total of 35.334 pupils). The numcome was almost $63,000, but the total ber of inquirers was ~I4,746 at the deficit now amounts to more than close of Ig0g, larger than at the close $35,000, so that the financial condi- of Ig08. Financially the year 1909 tion of the society is by no means was quite satisfactory, the total in- come of the society amounting to more good. The Rhenish Missionary Society than $235.000. so that it closed with a little balance in the treasury. The has sent its missionaries to Cape society. however, urgently needs an Colony, German Southwest Africa, increase of men and means. Borneo, Sumatra, Nias, Mentawei Islands, China, and New Guinea, and There were 25 missionary societies from every part of its great field of in the German Empire at the close of work came most encouraging reports Ig09, which employed about 1,200 Eufor publication in its eightieth annual ropean and 5.000 native laborers, upon report. The number of its European 60S stations and 3,000 out-stations. missionaries has increased to 201, that The baptized converts numbered alof native helpers to 1,907, while there most 550.000. while the schools conare now I 15 stations and 534 out- tained 150.000 pupils. The total instations. The converts from heathen- comes of all the societies amounted to ism and Mohammedanism number almost two and one-half millions of dollars. now 144,929, while in the 679 schools THE FIRST LAOS BELIEVER BY REV. DANIEL MCGILVARY, D.D Missionary of the Preshyterian Church. U. S. A.

The first Laos believer to be bap- to be their sleeping, dining, reception tized was Nan Intah, the man who room and chapel for months to come.

became a believer through an eclipse News of the arrival soon spread far of the sun. But for the first believer and near and was the signal for a we must go back to that ever mem- rush. They had anticipated a rest orable first month of the mission. from the small hot boat, but they Forty-two years ago (April 3, 1867) themselves proved to be the greatest the first mission family, husband, wife show the country had ever seen. The and two children, reached Chieng Mai, arrival of Barnum's menagerie in a after a journey of eight-nine days country town in the back woods would from Bangkok. The only possible have been as nothing to it. The ex- place to receive them was a sala or hibition was in a public rest-house rest-house built by a Buddhist officer where one was presumed to have as for merit. It was 12 by 20 feet, with much right as another, and there was teak floor and walls on the back side no fee. And so from early dawn till and two ends, opening on a veranda shades of evening they came; princes 6 feet wide. Tho small, it had the and princesses, officers from the court, virtue of being brand-new. It really market women and children with their proved meritorious, as it had been baskets, the sala crowded above, and planned by the all-foreseeing Father crowds below pressing for a sight.

for the new mission family. The favorite act of the scene was The sala was just outside the city the eating-time, with their interesting gate, on the greatest thoroughfare in criticisms on seeing the white people the country. Into it was crowded all eat. "Father, mother and children all the family furniture, tables, chairs, eat together sitting around a table."

bedsteads, boxes and trunks. It was "They have knives and forks and they

eat their rice with a spoon and not been baptized and two others in the with their fingers as we do." When interval, so his name stands fourth on begged to wait and come again, they our roll. said, "Oh, no ;>go on, we will not dis- In September our Christians were turb you, we just wanted to see how scattered by the martyrdom. Ve the white people eat." wondered how the Sen fared in his But it was a fine time for mission distant home. It was not till May, work. The missionaries had not to seek the people; the people came to r872, that we saw him and learned the them. Time with the Laos was not facts. Dr. Vrooman and I were on money, and they were in no hurry to a long tour to Luang Prabang. While go. Many were the interesting con- in camp on Sabbath we saw a man versations with the more thoughtful had spied us from a passing crowd of the callers on the great themes of and was making his way to us. It sin and salvation, Buddhism, spirit was our dear old officer. When the worship and Christianity. martyrdom occurred he had been sent for by the Governor of Lampun, who, Sen Ya Wi Chai it seems, had joined with the Chief It was early in that very memorable of Chieng Mai to stamp out the dread- month that Sen Ya Wi Chai, an officer ed, heresy. When he can fest to being six days distant to the north, called a Christian, he too would have died with the crowd. He saw and heard had not the governor's son, and after- only the mother teacher, as Mrs. Mc- ward successor, begged his life on the Gilvary was talking to a crowd on the ground that he was a countryman who folly of idolatry. He caught the name knew no better.

of Jehovah Jesus, the living God, the When the old city of Chieng Sen Creator of all, and "He is able to was resettled, as he belonged to the save." captive race, he was sent back and set- The crowd passed on and he with tled at Ban Thurn, a day's journey them. But like Lydia his heart had west of Chieng Sen. He became one been opened. A great thought had of the charter members of the Chieng touched his mind. He ceased to wor- Sen church. On all of my subsequent ship his idols. He talked to the peo- visits it was a great pleasure to com- ple, but his words were as an idle tale. mune with him. His knowledge was It was not till his next annual visit to limited, but his faith was strong. Like the city that his history became the father, the three sons became of- known. He was delighted to meet the ficers. That in itself would then have father teacher. His honest face and made it difficult to profess the faith evident sincerity guaranteed his truth- of the father. But they always said fulness. He called daily, and when the father was right. They would still his business was finished he still lin- wait. They were fine business men, gered till his comrades would stay no reverenced their father, and Sen Ya longer. But he did not leave till June Wi Chai himself, after an upright 27, 1869; then he was baptized and Christian life, "came to his grave in received into the communion and fel- a full old age," in his eighty-fourth lowship of the church. Meanwhile, on year, "like as a shock of corn cometh the 3rd of January, Nan Intah had in its season."

EDITORIALS

WASTED ENERGY IN MISSIONS stitutions established, or even in the The work of the missionary in most number of converts gathered in a of the foreign fields has radically year. Success in missionary work conchanged in the last twenty-five years. sists in the establishment of the King- Formerly he was a pioneer, preaching dom of God with true spiritual leaders the Gospel, translating and distribut- who will carryon the work as the ing the Scriptures, and doing the work early apostles carried forward the of a general evangelist and teacher. work committed to them by Jesus To-day, in the great mission fields, the Christ. MISSIONARY SERMONS foreign worker is, or should be, not a pastor or general evangelist, but No subj ect is more scriptural, more a supervisor and trainer of native Christian, more rich in material or Christian workers. It is wasted energy productive of better results than the for a man, who is receiving a com- subject of city, home and foreign mis- paratively large salary, and is capable sions. This is the work of the Church, of training and directing a hundred this great need of the world is the workers, to be preaching to a handful fact that calls forth the compassion of people, where a low-salaried and the heart-longing of Christ. The preacher of their own nationality minister who neglects to present the could do it better, or to be spending his Biblical teachings, the commands of valuable time over mission accounts Christ, the need of the world, the and minor details of the work. progress of the work is an unfaithful We need, in addition to the alI-im- steward. He can not expect the bless- portant spiritual power, generalship ing of God in his own life, or on his in the mission field. The same reason ministry.

that justifies, yes necessitates, the use On the other hand, it has been of clerks, stenographers, assistants proven in experience as well as in and numberless labor-saving devices theory, that the pastor and the Church in mission hoards and churches at awake to the need of the world, and home, demand that they be employed ready to sacrifice home comforts to to a much greater extent on the for- give the Gospel to all men, are eign fields. Any other course is fool- blest in their own spiritual growth.

ish waste of energy, waste of money, Churches or Christians can not pros- waste of time, waste of life. Many per without the blessing of God, and a missionary has broken down and can not have the blessing of God become discouraged because of the unless they cooperate in the work of multitude of minor details that he Cod in the world field as well as in was not authorized or was financiallv that which is near at hand.

unable to delegate to others. • Pastors are the keymen in the Missionaries to-day must be leaders, Church, and are responsible if they men and women with spiritual power, do not educate their people in world- spiritual insight, organizing and ex- wide missions. A Church never yet ecutive ability, many of them special- died in which the spim of Christ ists in certain lines of Christian work. was manifested in self-sacrificing sep!- They must, by example and by careful ice for the advancement of the world- instruction, train the future leaders kingdom of God.

of the churches in the mission field. Among the missionary sennons of This was the method of Paul, and this the past century are those delivered was the method of Christ. This is at the annual meetings of the Amer- one secret of the great wurk in Ugan- ican Board. Many great men have da and in Korea. Success in foreign given them-Dr. Timothy Dwight, missions does not consist in the num- Lyman Beecher, Mark Hopkins, Rich- ber of missionaries employed, in the ard S. Storrs, and others. Their texts number of stations occupied, in the may offer suggestioill' to other pastors number of educational and medical in- who plan to discharge their responsi-

bility in the missionary education of THE EDITOR'S CHANGE OF ROUTE their people. In the plans of the editor-in-chief Numbers 14: 21; 1 Samuel 7: 12; 1 Kiugs 19: 7; for a world tour of the missions fields, Nehemiah 6: 3; Job 23: 3; Psalms 2: 8; 55: 22; he has sought to follow the leading of 72: 17, 96: 10, 102: 13·16. 119: 96. Isaiah 11'.9. God without reference to his own per- 32: 15. 41: 14·15. 43: 21. 45: 1·16, 58: 12, 60: 4·5, sonal preferences. This led him to Japan and Korea, where, in spite of an? 8: 62: 1.2; Ezekiel 47: 9; Daniel 7: 27; Zechariah ill-health, he has been able to visit many stations, has conferred with mis- 4:9;. Ma1ac~i 1:11;.Matt~ew 6:10, :0:6 sionaries of various denominations, and has been able tel address meetings 9.3/·38.13.38,28.18·20, Mark 7.24,10.45, for prayer and Bible study, and to 12: 31, 16: 15; Luke 4: 18, 11: 2, 11: 41, 14: 28·30, help forward the work by gifts from 24:45-47; John 1: 4; 8: 32,10: 16, 12: 24. 12: 32, funds entrusted to him. 14:6, 14:9,17:20·21,20:21·23,21:17; Acts 2: 14·18, 4: 12, 8: 30·31, 11: 18, 12: 2, 20: 24, After a month in Japan and two 26: 17·18; Romans 1: 14, 4: 25, 10: 14·15; 1 Corin· months in Korea, it has seemed wise thians 1:28, 2: 1·5,3:9,9: 19·23,15:58; 2 Corin· to abandon, for the present, a further thians 5: 14, 6: 11·13, 10: 4; Galatians I: 15·16, tour in Asia, and to seek for rest and 2:20; Epresians 1:23,3:8; Philippians 2:15·16. recuperation in California. With Mrs. 3: 13; 1 Timothy 1: 15: Hebrews 11: 13, 39, 40; Pierson and her daughters, Mrs. Cur- 1 John 4: 20; Revelation 14: 1,21: 1. tis of Korea, and Miss Anna W. Pier- son, he sailed from Yokohama on THE NEED OF FRENCH PROTESTANT the S.S. Manchuria, February 1st, and will probably remain in Los Angeles MISSIONS for one or two months, should the climate prove such as will hasten his French Christians have suffered recovery. Christian friends are asked financial loss through the recent laws to pray that strength and guidance depriving all religious sects of State may be given him from God. support. The Protestant churches have always struggled against the Ro- THE PATON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL man Catholic superstition, formalism and failure to present ;1 living spirit- IN KOREA ual Christianity, and in late years have had a still greater struggle against In Korea the editor-in-chief had growing infidelity and agnosticism. the pleasure of meeting Rev. Frank Being few in number, and compara- H. L. Paton, the son of Dr John G. tively poor in this world's goods, it Paton, who is hoping to see erected a is not to be wondered at that they are hospital in Chinju, Korea, in memory seeking to enlist the help of Ame'rican of his mother. This hospital is un- Christians in giving the Gospel to the dertaken by the women of Victoria, people of the French colonies and de- Australia, who have raised for the pendencies in Africa, Asia and the purpose fl,100 ($5,500) and f400 islands of the sea. These have been was given for a church in the New especially committed to the care of Hebrides. Later £300 more was given French Protestant churches, and they for Korea. It has been found, howcan carryon the work most satisfac- ever, that even with the utmost econtorily, and with least opposition from omy $55,000 more is needed for the French officials. hospital and furnishings. Owing to financial stress at home and the need Rev. A. Boegner, D.D., the sec- for putting extra missionaries into the retary of the Paris Evangelical Mis- Korean field, the Victoria Church can sionary Society, has recently come to not supply the additional amount. America, at the invitation of Dr. John Chinju is a town of 40,000 inhabitants R. Mott, and is seeking to enlist the and is the center of a population of sympathy and support of Americans 600,000. I t is hoped that some Amerin carrying on this work. We bespeak for him a careful reading of his valuable paper in this number of the REVIEW. It sets forth the conditions and opportunities that confront the Paris Society at home and on the foreign fields, and shows the need for cooperation in the interests of the Kingdom of God.* • Dr. Boegner may be addrest at 124 East 28th St., New York City, ican friends will come forward to its royal guardians, the princes Dilock make possible the completion of this much-needed hospital. and Suriyong, the brothers of the late THE LATE KING OF SIAM king, walking by its side. Then came There are two deaths which have a body of retainers, bearing the Charecently taken place, and which have vast significance, and should not be morn, or ceremonial fans. Then, passed by either in silence or lightly and cursorily, as tho they were matters alone and solitary, the present king of only common interest and importance. One is the death of Leo Tolstoi, at the head of his regiment of guards, and the other the death of the Siamese king, Chulalangkorn. whose uniform his Majesty wore.

The latter took place on Sunday Between long lines of guards walked morning, October 23d, at the Dusit Park Palace, Bangkok. There was no the male members of the royal family, serious development till Friday evening previous, and the gravi~y of the clothed in white, followed by governcrisis was not fully felt untIl Saturday night. The cause of ~e~th was ment officials, all in full dress uniform, uremia. A comatose condItion was developed on the evening of the 22d, but with bands of crape over their and his Majesty passed away peacefully the next day. Early the brilliant badges and insignia. In the same morning his Royal Highness, the Crown Prince, Somdet-Chao-Fa- rear of the procession were naval Maha-Vajiravudh, was proclaimed king. Profound grief pervaded not officers and sailors. Minute-guns were only the court but the nation, and the distress of the members of the royal fired while the procession was moving. family was very great, as the calamity fell with such suddenness. In accordance with ancient custom, On Sunday evening the body of the the last ceremony was the dressing late king was removed to the Maha- Chakkri Palace, with befitting dignity of the body in full regal robes with a and solemnity. crown broken, and the face covered Then followed the Tamruet Guard, with gold; then the body was placed accompanied by a band with a single reed instrument and muffled drums, in the urn, in the accustomed position, the effect being uncommonly weird and peculiar, a singular melancholy and the urn enclosed in a great golden monotone, hollow and startling, being produced by the intermittent sound of casket. For king and princes to move the numerous drums as they were struck in unison with the mournful on foot in a funeral procession, con- sound of the reed. veying the sacred urn, is a novelty, The body of the departed king was but it added to the solemnity and sigenclosed in a large gilded casket, borne upon a platform, with three nificance of the occasion. rows of bearers, and, high above the casket, a parasol in nine tiers, held The new king promptly issued a above the throne of the king, swayed as the platform was slowly borne for- message to the people announcing his ward. On the sides of the casket sat father's death and his own accession, and directing that the old custom of shaving the head should not be fol- lowed.

,"Ie have recorded the facts about this funeral, not only as a matter of interest to the people, and of value as a contribution to future history, but because Chulalangkorn has been for many years the earnest and consistent friend of missions, especially of medi- cal missions. He and his queen have been accustomed to give aid from time to time to the mission enterprise in Bangkok, and have encouraged the missionaries in their work. This king was one of the most enterprising and progressive of the sovereigns of the Orient, and Siam owes a great deal of its peaceful conditions to his pa- cific character and prudence and wis- dom as a sovereign. Let us hope and pray that his successor may manifest a like spirit. A. T. P.

MISSIONARY

SPANISH AMERICA several times visited all this region, Radical Changes in Bolivia holding cottage meetings in many of the towns in houses freely offered, al- It will be difficult for people accus- ways with large and attentive automed to another type of civilization diences, who beg him to return soon to fully appreciate the present condi- and to bring a "ministre" (minister). tion of affairs in Bolivia. One hun- He has had as many as 400 people in dred years ago Bolivia raised her first attendance at these cottage meetings, cry for liberty, and struck the first all listening reverently and respectblow, and after some fifteen years of fully. In one of the letters to the conflict political freedom was gained. station, Elder Call wrote: "The town But, to their amazement, the people of Carmen (10,000 inhabitants) defound that by throwing off the yoke sires a Protestant school, a minister of Spain they were not yet free, but and a chapel. They are very enthustill in bondage to another master. it siastic. There are many who want to has taken them one hundred years to subscribe for the Sabbath-school quarmake this discovery; and now the terly and evangelical peFiodicals.- opening years of the twentieth cen- Herald and Presbyter. tury are witnessing a determined struggle against the bondage 01 Rome. Education and Religion in Guatemala What sweeping changes a few years Persecution for religious belief has have wrought! Fifteen years ago the not ceased in the intensely Roman Archbishop of Sucre had the boldness Catholic country of Guatemala. In to hint that Mr. Payne, who was un- the village of Sija, the public school der arrest, should suffer capital pun- teacher of the town was arrested and ishment, seeing that no other penalty arraigned before the local magistrate was prescribed in the penal code for on the charge of having visited her the crime of selling Bibles. Ten years neighbors and tried to convert them ago the missionaries were on the de- from Catholicism to Protestantism.

fensive. Until August 29, 1907, the Local Romanists had been much article still existed in the penal code stirred up by the visit of the Presby- of the Republic, a relic of other days. terian missionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Mc- But what a story it tells of the power Bath, who had just spent two days and intolerance of Rome: "Everyone in the town, and they evidently in- who directly or through any act, con- spired these measures to counteract spires to establish in Bolivia any other the influence of that visit. When the religion than that which the republic teacher was given her liberty she professes, namely, that of the Roman complained to the governor and he Catholic Apostolic Church, is a traitor promised her protection and told her AND SHALL SUFFER THE PENALTY OF to return to her village. The governor DEATH." at the same time sent a stringent order Open Doors in Colombia to the local authorities that they should desist from further persecution of Within a semi-circle with a radius the Protestants. Through the in- of roo miles, using Barranquilla as fluence of this teacher a number of a center, are at least 100 towns, some persons in Sija are ready to acknowl- of considerable size, and all easily ac- edge themselves as Protestants.

cessible by carriage, mule or boat. In Mr. and Mrs. Allison, in a recent many of these towns churches could itinerating trip through Guatemala, be soon organized if there were a mis- were repeatedly asked to recommend sionary to itinerate among them sys- some school where children could tematically. Some of the larger ones have good Christian training, but they have definitely asked for evangelical were unable to give any satisfying an- teaching and preaching. swer to these requests, since the one Elder Call, as colporteur for the Protestant school ir. Guatemala, main- British and Foreign Bible Society, has tained at Chiquimula by the Friends, is full to overflowing. The Presbyte- 107 per cent. Eight Baptist churches rian missionaries very eagerly hope increased 52, 38, 144, 86, 106, 522, for some gift which will enable them 219 and 230 per cent. These Baptist to establish a much-needed school. churches also report an increase of 89 per cent. to home missions.-Men A Good Plan in Guatemala and Missions.

The Presbyterian mission in Gua- Gifts for Y. M. C. A. Foreign Work temala which has been carried along in the face of many difficulties, due A few weeks since, at a gathering to lack of sufficient workers and to of men in the East Room of the White insufficient support, has taken on a House in Washington, a gift of $540,- new lease of life with the help of a 000, by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, ten- Christian layman, Mr. Walter Mc- dered on the condition that a like Dougall of Brooklyn, New York. amount be raised, was met by New property has been purchased, contributions made by many prominew buildings and equipment are nent laymen, among them Mr. planned, new workers are to go out John Wanamaker, who offered to and the whole proposition has aS5umed erect another building in China in ada new phase. There is still need of co- dition to the 5 foreign association operation in securing additional buildings already given by him; Mr. financial support that the equipment C. H. Dodge, of New York, who imperatively needed may be provided. pledged funds for two buildings in the The missionaries are earnest, self- Levant; 1fr. S. VV. VVoodford, of sacrificing workers and the need for Washington, $35,000 for a building in medical, educational and evangelistic Kobe, Japan; 1fr. James Stokes, of work is pressing. It would be a New York, and an unknown giver, great blessing if every mission could $100,000 for a building at Moscow; have definite co-workers at home who Mr. John Penman, of Ontario, $50,- would help to share the burdens of the 000 for a building at Hankow, China; workers who have gone to the field Mr. J. VV. Ross, of the 1fontreal Y. and would see that the pressing needs 1f. C. A., $40,000 for a building at are brought to the attention of friends Canton, China; Mr. Dupont Clark, Jr., at home, in order that the missionaries funds for a building at Bangalore, may be saved from physical and men- India; and citizens of Buffalo, $35,- tal break down and that their spiri- 000 for a building at Tokyo, Japan. tual work may be unhindered by finan- Dr. John R. 1fott, Secretary of the cial worries. Foreign Department of Y. M. C. A. outlined a program for the expansiC'n NORTH AMERICA of the work, which involves an addi- tion of 50 secretaries for the Far East Notable Gains in Missionary Giving in the next three years, the erection of 49 buildings in ten countries, pro- Among many notable gains in con- vision for equipment for such expantributions to foreign missions made in sion, and $1,515,000 in money to cover the Pittsburgh district, following last the cost of equipment. year's convention, these are stimulating examples: Three churches of Growth of Christian Endeavor the Evangelical Association increased 79, 143 and 56 per cent., respectively. The United Society of Christian One Presbyterian church increased Endeavor has had a year of great pro- 114 per cent. Three Episcopal gress. President Clark writes as folchurches increased 175, 139 and541 lows: "With gratitude to Almighty per cent. Six Methodist churches in- God, I record that the past year has creased 45, 49, 143, 43, 25 and 27 per been one of unexampled progress and cent. One Methodist Protestant prosperity in the Christian Endeavor church increased 45 per cent. Two movement throughout the world. Lutheran churches increased 94 and

America still leads by a large mar- are frequently broken in upon by an gin in the number of its societies; and insistent telephone message asking for there seems ~o be no diminution, but help.

rather an increase, in the rate of In all, 3,000 strangers in the city, growth. More than 3,000 new so- women younger and older received cieties have been formed in America the direct aid of this ministry in a alone during the last year, and not far single year. Many who are in danger from 500,000 new members have of being led away to the worst places joined our ranks. During the last in the great city are sent to safe board- quarter, from September 1st to De- ing houses. Friends are hunted up cember 1st, a new society was formed for others who have lost or forgot- every three hours. ten addresses to which they were go- "Thirty years ago there were very ing in the city. Many, stranded mid- few organizations of young people in way of their j01,1rney without sufficient our churches. Now there are few money, are supplied with tickets to churches without them. Thirty years go on to their destinations. Alto- ago there was no organized national, gether, the Young Women's Christian State, or city union of young people's Association "aids" are undoubtedly religious societies. Now there are no the most efficient foes the white slaver countries of any considerable size, and in Chicago meets.

few States or large cities the world Jubilee of a Woman'. Society around, without their Christian Endeavor unions. Thirty years ago there On January 18th, the Woman's were no young people enrolled under Union Missionary Society of America a distinct covenant to commune daily celebrated its golden anniversary. It with the Unseen, and to give regularly marked the completion of the first fifty and proportionately as God hath years of organized Woman's missionprospered them. Now there are tens ary work in heathen lands. This soof thousands thus enrolled. Thirty ciety is undenominational and its work is carried on by unsalaried officers at years ago there was little fellowship home. Its workers labor in India, between the denominations; the China and Japan and there has never young people of the different sects been a debt.

never thought of mingling one with The English Bible 1611·1911 another. Now ten thousand such union conventions and great meetings Much interest has been awakened are held every year, when the young tliroughout America and England by Christians of one hundred denomina- the preparations for the coming cele· tions meet face to face and see eye brations of the Tercentenary of the to eye. In the Pennsylvania Chris- King James Version. The American tian Endeavor Union alone 46 dif- Bible Society has issued a Bibliogferent denominations are enrolled. raphy of the King James Version as the Tercentenary Leaflet No. I.

Friends of the Stranger in Chicago Various commemorative exercises will In the railroad stations of Chicago a be held to celebrate the anniversary.

blue badge marked "Travelers' Aid," A New Missionary Training Schoul worn by a motherly-looking woman, indicates that to her all sorts of troubles The Christian Woman's Board of may be confided. A corps of women Missions (Disciples of Christ), have is maintained by the Young Women's succeeded in establishing at Irvington, Christian Association of Chicago, and Ind., a new missionary training school instances of faithful human friendli- for home and foreign workers. Irness set to their credit are numbered. vington is a suburb of Indianapolis. These faithful workers take at their and here are located Butler College homes no more hours of rest than are and the Bona Thompson Memorial absolutely necessary to keep them on Library. The school is to be unsectheir feet, and even those rest hours tarian, and is called "The Sarah Davis

Deterding Training School for Mis- a mixture of Indian and civilized ap- sions." Prof. Charles T. Paul is prin- parel. At that time there were 63,147 cipal. The curriculum includes orien- who could read, and 69,209 who could tal and European languages, element- carryon in English an ordinary con- ary medicine and hygiene, physical versation. In 1908 the Indian popUlaculture, domestic science, bookkeeping, tion had increased to 300,412. For industrial work, music, and the Bible the fiscal year which ended in June, and science and history of missions, 1909, the United States Government comparative religions, anthropology, expended in their behalf $15,724,162. sociology and pedagogy. The home The Government supports 116 boardmission course includes preaching and ing schools and 163 day schools, and pastoral work, city missions and res- spends about $10,000,000 a year in cue work, work for foreigners, In- their maintenance. The total expendidians, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., etc. tures for the Indians from 1789 to 1909, inclusive, have been $485,091,- The new building contains 80 rooms 300. besides chapel and with grounds and equipment. Cost over $100,000, raised The Chinese Christian Students in North through the efforts of Mrs. Helen E. Moses. America The Fruit of Church Federation One of the most wide-awake and hopeful of the Christian organiza- In the first ten years of the Federa- tions in America is the "Chinese tion of Churches in New York, the Students' Christian Association" which following things were done: is affiliated with the Y. M. C. A. of China and Korea. The object of this Twelve churches, of six denominations, association is to unite all Christian located by federated investigation and Chinese Students in North America approval. in order to promote growth in Chris- tion character and to carryon ag- Tenement-house reform furthered. gressive Christian work, especially by A people's park secured in a densely and for Chinese Students. The Assocrowded section. ciation is divided into four depart- Summer playgrounds made part of the ments to develop the work for stumunicipal activities. dents in various parts of the country. Six kindergartens opened in churches Annual conferences are held and have and elsewhere. proved of great inspiration and prac- Two Christian settlements founded. tical help to the students who have Crippled children cared for. met. In September last the second i'!. cooperative parish system developed annual conference was held in Hartfor neighborhood visitation, vigilance ford, Conn., and two other simiand ministry. lar meetings brought together students Special summer work, including moral in Evanston, Ill., and at San and religious instruction for children, by Francisco. One former Harvard stusix denominations at 14 centers. dent, Mr. David Z. T. Yui, is to give The formation of similar federations in his whole time to the work during other cities. the coming year. He was the winner of the Bowdoin prize of $250 at Work for the Red Man Harvard last June where he secured his Master of Arts degree. There are about 300,000 Indians in the States. In California, 20,000; Since the organization of the con- Arizona, 39,000 ; Oregon, 3,600 ; ference in 1909 the membership has 'vVashington, 8,000; Nevada, 5,300; increased from 39 to 166 and the in- Idaho, 4,000. Oklahoma has more fluence of the association has been Indians than any other State, 117,124, felt throughout the country. according to 1908 statistics. In New Mexico there were 18,255; in Mon- At the conference last September tana, ro,428; in South Dakota, 20,- the Chinese students pledged $634 for 065; in Wisconsin, ro,688. In 1908 it was ascertained that II6,333 of the Indians then in the United States wore citizen's dress, and that 43,602 wore

the work during the coming year. The The number is now 414, as against executive committee of this conference 403 a year ago, and they are in the is composed of the following mem- service of 42 societies, and scattered bers: President, Y. T. Tsu of New all the world over. The Church Mis- York, Vice-President, Miss F. Y. sionary Society leads with 81, the Tsao of Columbia University, and H. United Free Church has 63, the Lon- S. Chuck of Stanford University, don Society 39, S. P. G. 25, etc.

Treasurer, H. J. Fei of Oberlin. The Islam in Britain General Secretary is Chengting T. It is stated that there are over 800 Wang. Moslems in England, dispersed in London, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Man- Politics and Miuion& in Alaska chester, Oxford, and Cambridge, and that a large number of them are Eng- The 65,000 red-blooded Americans lishmen who have gone over to the of Alaska believe they are entitled Eastern faith. Some of these latter to elect their own public officials-not wear the green turban, as a sign that to be kept forever under "carpet-bag" they had performed the pilgrimage to appointees from Washington. These Mecca. Anxious as we are in regard Alaskan pioneers are getting anxious to the spread and development of Monot to have conservation conserve too hammedanism in North Africa, it is long. At present towns lying right not unreasonable for the London alongside measureless deposits of the Christian to ask: What are we doing best coal in the world are paying $18 in respect to these Moslems in our a ton for a poor grade of coal from very midst? The statement in the British Columbia, and paying duty on October, 1910, REVIEW as to Moslems it into the bargain. Naturally, citi- in Liverpool was not quite correct, as zens feel this intolerable. the Moslem sect, their "quilliamism" is weak and their "mosque" is an in- Dr. S. Hall Young is in the East significant affair. to find four young preachers who have the grit to sleep outdoors at fifty A Moslem Forward Movement below zero. If he can get four men of that quality into Alaska, he is sure Mohammedans in London are they won't come away. It is the best initiating what may be called a "forcountry on earth to keep well and ward movement." Hitherto they have grow strong in; its air is like wine confined their religious services to pein the veins, and hard work is s11ch a riodical meetings held at a central resphysical joy as it can hardly be in taurant. In Great Britain, we believe, any milder climate. Dr. Young there is not one mosque, with the pos- "mushed" across Alaska snows longer sible exception of a certain building and farther than any other man who in the city of Liverpool. Now this ever took the gospel into that vast warlike faith, which is such a terrible Northwest territory. obstacle in the way of Christian mis- sions in heathen lands, proposes to A Chinese Christian Teaches Japanese invade the metropolis of Christendom, and a sum of ilOo,ooo is asked for Miss Ethel Lee Toma, a Chinese in order tc build a mosque in Baysteacher in the government school at water that shall be the headquarters Kalaheo, Territory of Hawaii, has re- of Islam in the British Isles. Among cently established a Sunday-school for the promoters we are amazed to find the benefit of Japanese. The attend- several who are bearers of English ance is so great that she now has to names! Weare not at all afraid that have the assistance of a Portuguese it will make headway among the peoyoung woman. ple at large, but we recognize in this proposal a loud call to Christians of EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN all shades to return to their "marching British Medical Missionaries In January of each year Medical Missions at Home and Abroad publishes a list of all medical missionaries holding British degrees or diplomas.

I9II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

orders," and redouble their zeal for Church and State in Portugal the spread of the Gospel in the un- The bill for the separation of happy lands which are still under the Churches and State in Portugal guar- blight of the False Prophet.-London antees liberty of conscience, education, Christian. and propaganda subject to simple con- London'. Charities trol. The churches will be placed at the disposal of the clergy, the only According to the "Directory of stipulation being that the clergy shall Metropolitan Charities," recently pub- show they are able to keep them up. lished, the sum total for last year was Bishop Joseph C. Hartzell, of the £7,894,59I , and was divided among American Methodist Episcopal 948 objects, such as these: Church, forwarded to President Taft 14 Bible, Book and Tract Societles…. 343,964 an account of an interview with Dr. 103 Home and Foreign Missions…… 3,310,284 Alfonso Costa, Portuguese Minister of Justice. Dr. Costa asked Hartzell 4 Church and Chapel Building Funds 41,877 to explain to the people of the United 38 Charities for Blind, Deaf, etc…… 242,091 States that the Republican Govern- men of Portugal is not anti-religious, 179 Hospitals, &c …………………. 1.197.211 but anti-Jesuit and anti-reactionary. 89 Pensions and Homes for Aged….. 676,010 Portugal purposes to give perfect 93 General and Food Relief Charities. . 482,794 57 Voluntary Homes ……………. 311,001 46 Orphanages …………………. 193,384 50 Reformation, &c., Insthutjons…… 74,662 63 Education Institutions ………… 607,234 33 Social Improvement Tn~titutions…. 166,828 20 Protection Institutions ……….. 247,251 Arthington's Gifts Finally Available liberty to all sects and even to those of no faith whatsoever. The Legislative Mr. Robert Arthingtol1, of Leeds, Assembly will be asked to pass a England, died ten years ago, leaving law under which these organizations the bulk of his large estate to mis- will be expected to furnish the Gov- sions. The contests made by the first ernment with their rules and regula- cousins are now over, and the Bap- tions, methods of work, and informa- tist Missionary Society has received tion as to how funds are to be raised.

$2,334,630. .Mr. Arthington willed that All contributions must be voluntary, the legacy, principal and interest must and there will be no subvention by all be spent in twenty-one years. the Government.

THE CONTINENT In schools established and main- tained by the Government all religious Roman Catholics Want the Bible instruction will be prohibited on the A remarkable Roman Catholic con- ground that the Government does not gress held its third annual meeting in wish to impose religious beliefs upon Paris a short time ago. Its purpose any. But great stress. will be laid is the promotion of spirituality among upon morality and patriotism. Pri- Christian (Roman Catholic) families. vate or church schools, such as the Its watchword is, "Back to the Gos- Wesleyan Methodist School at Oporto, pel!" Its chief aims are thus stated: will be authorized, the Government I. Return to the ancient custom of requiring them to report regularly evening prayers, which are to be fol- their school regulations, exact plans lowed by the reading of some verses for work, the time set apart for reof Scripture. 2. Reading of the Bible ligious instruction, and proof that in school and catechism classes, in children are not forced to enter the meetings of societies, and in teachers' schools or that parents are not coerced classes. 3. Public reading of the Bible to send their children there as against at all masses without a sermon. 4. public schools. The same program Presentation of Bibles to those who is to be carried out in the colonies.

are confirmed or married, and use of A Blind Woman's Gift the Bible as a premium in the schools. A poor, blind woman in Paris, we Thus, once more in revealed the long- are told, put 27 francs into a plate at ing of many Roman Catholics after a missionary meeting. "You can not the Word of God. afford so much," said one. "Yes, I

can," she answered. On being prest in the aggressive attitude of the Kai- to explain, she said: "I am blind, ser. The statement is made that he and I said to my fellow straw-work- never fails to discuss the subject in his ers, 'How much money do you spend speeches-urging upon. his SUbjects, in a year for oil in your lamps when and especially upon the soldiers and it is too dark to work nights?' They sailors, the evil effects of the use of replied, 'Twenty-seven francs.' So," all intoxicants. He has advised the said the poor woman, "I found that soldiers and sailors of the German I save so much in the year because army and navy to join the Good Tem- I am blind and do not need a lamp, plars and other total abstinence so- and I give it to shed light to the dark cieties, and has ordered the making of heathen lands."-New York Observer. total abstinence from liquors one of Mission Study In Holland the qualifications for naval officers.

"Holland is just in the beginning Interest for Missions in Germany of her Mission Study Movement, but Some years ago a colonial training she has begun well. A sense of the school was founded in Witzenhausen need for intelligent enthusiasm and in Germany. Its purpose is to pre- reasoned convictions in the Church's pare those who expect to settle in the work of Christianizing the world's German colonies, especially in those in life, and for the most thorough edu- Africa. Little attentlOn has been hith- cational means of keeping the world's erto paid to the work of the mission- needs before individual Christians, has ary in these colonies, tho its progress struck deep root in Holland. We look was occasionally mentioned in lectures forward with confidence to the suc- referring to culture and history, eth- cess of their mov(lllent, and its spread nology and national economy, but a in the future from them to other change has come, and now the cur- countries on the Continent. We shall riculum is extended and a special not readily forget the kindness which course for miSSIOns has been added.

welcomed us to the first missionary Thus, Professor Mirbt of the Uni- summer school this year at Lunteren. versity of Marburg, one of the Ger- It was a time of inspiration, in which man authorities on missions, is now we felt ourselves to be members in a giving a course of lectures on "Mis- spreading movement, as the young sions and Policy in German Colonies."

life of to-day is responding to the call Jews Coming to Christ of Christian ideals in the face of unprecedented opportunities and duties." There has been 204,000 Mschumo· -Life and Work (Church of Scot- dim (Baptized Jews, apostates) in the land). last hundred years. Dr. Ignatz Zalson, of vVien, Austria, the well-known Temperance in Germany learned Jew, and author of a book on One of the most significant facts the Jewish race, has in a lecture in connection with the present world- brought out startling figures about the wide temperance reform is the stand number of Jews that have been bap- being taken by the Emperor of the tized in the last one hundred years.

German Empire, together with the He has shown through statistics that, leading scientists, educators and busi- in the 100 years which closed 10 years ness men throughout Germany. Mr. ago, not less than 204,000 Jews left William E. Curtis, who has recently their religion and went over to Chris- made an investigation of conditions tianity. From these fallen away Jews in Germany, writes a very interesting were 22,000 in Germany, 28,000 in account of the present German move- England and her colonies, 44,000 in ment against alcohol, which appears in Austria-Hungary, 84,000 in Russia, the Chicago Record-Herald of Janu- and 13,000 in America. . The ary 12. The most hopeful aspect of number of Jews accepting Christian- the situation, however, is to be found ity increases every year. In the year

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

rSgo, 300 Jews in one city left their the Pale of Settlement. In this great religion and were baptized as Chris- Ghetto, says Mr. Rosenthal, 95 per tians, while in 1904, 600 Jews became cent. of the Jews are confined, and Christians in the same city. they are forbidden to settle in the vil- Cave-dwellers in Rumania lages or to move from one village to another. Even a temporary absence In Die Tiigliche Umschau, Dr. Emil is sufficient to forfeit the right of Fischer, of Bucharest, publishes an residence. Last year thousands of article about ancient habits among in- Jews were expelled from Kief. In habitants of Rumania, which so clear- many places throughout Russia the ly illustrates the necessity of more mis- commercial bovcott has increased the sionary work in that nominally Chris- miseries of the-Jews, and the Ministry tian land that we translate some of of Education has closed to them many his interesting statements. of the schools and universities. In- sanity has increased among them and According to the latest statistics, poverty has caused thousands to bethere are still in existence in Rumania come beggars. Many Jewish bankers over 54,000 cave-dwellings, in which in America and England have refused a quarter of a million peasants live to have financial dealings with Russia in circumstances almost as primitive while the Government persists in these as those of the ancient cave-dwellers plans of persecution. of the stone age. These inhabitants of the remoter parts of rural Rumania ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS still use ancient plows, while wild pears and crab apples are the only Fatalism in Islam fruit known to them. Their vegetables are wild herbs boiled with oil, which Every action, including every sin, is has been prest from the seeds of the "maktoob" (written, fore-ordained). sunflower, the hemp, and the gourd. How often we have heard the worst Until very few years ago, millet, the sins excused in this way! A man kills ancient grain of these people, was another, and his deed is excused by crusht by means of hand-mills and his friends, who say it was "makstored in primitive granaries as pe- toob," or "maksood" (purposed of culiarly shaped as those found in Cen- God). This fatalism enters into every tral Africa. Medical men are still detail of life, and is the cause of known as wizards among these peas- much evil, cruelty and neglect. Chilants, and at funerals a repast named dren seriously ill are often uncared coliba is partaken of which is like for, or, what is far worse, cared for that prepared and eaten by the ancient with such ignorance and superstition heathen tribes of Europe. It con- that they die off like flies, and this is sists of soaked and boiled corn. Thus, God's doing, according to Islam. Look the customs of the stone age still pre- on it as favorably as we can, excuse vail in rural Rumania, says Dr. much of what we see, interpret its Fischer. sacred book as liberally as possible, and we have still a religion corrupt Russian War on the Jews at its source, founded and based on deception, and tainted in all its springs Herman Rosenthal, a Russian editor by the world, the flesh, and the devil. and author who formerly lived in -Egypt General Mission News. Kief, reports that the bloody massacres of Jews in Russia have only Robert College to Date given place to a more silent program The annual report of Robert Col- of persecution and extermination. lege, Constantinople, for 1909-10, This work has now taken the form shows a register of 198 students in of merciless repression and degrada- the college, and 2IO in the preparatory tion. First, there is the limitation of department. The Greeks number 196, the right of residence and the herding the Armenians 61, the Bulgarians 70, of the great majority in Poland and the Israelites 17, the Turks 52, and

others divided among Albanians, school and a mission farm of several Americans, Dutch, Hungarians, Per- hundred acres. some two miles out- sians, Poles, Rumanians, Russians and side the city. Agriculture must al- Sudanese. The incorr.e is $92,763, of ways be the staple industry of Syria, which the students paid $69,584. but the vast stretches of fertile plains Are Missions in Turkey Worth While? have been neglected for generations through lack of honest and efficient While not making so large a propor- government. The present methods of tion of converts in Turkey as in some cultivation are centuries old. and the other lands, nowhere in the world, says tiller of the soil has no scientific help an observing writer, not even in China for dealing with }:ests and other probor Japan, are the results. of the .la~ors lems. This undertaking will round out and influence of Amencan mission- the symmetry of the Presbyterian misaries more conspicuous or more gen- sion's educational work in this diserally recognized than in the .<?ttoman trict. Dr. George A. Ford began the Empire. Mr. Bryce, tlle BrItish am- preparations fifteen years ago, and will bassador to Washington, in one of his act as superintendent of the farm. The books, says: "I can not mention the mountain sides have been tunneled American missionaries without a trib- into for water, and the slopes terute to the admirable work they have raced for the planting of fruit trees. done. They have been the only good The farm is accessible to a seaport influence that has worked from abroad market for the disposal of its produce. -Assembly Herald. upon the Turkish Empire."..Sir 'Yilliam Ramsey, the famous Bntlsh sCien- Bedouin Revolt at Kerak tist, who has spent much tim~ in Turkey, is quite as enthusiastic. The The revolt of the Bedouin on De- American missionarieo. have over 400 cember 5, 1910, against the Turkish schools, 130 or more large .c~urches Government at Kerak, in the East in the centers of population, With con- Jordan district, appears to have been gregations nun:bering as high a~ 2,OO?, due in the main to an attempt on the besides a multitude of out-stations tn part of the authorities to disarm the tribesmen. The first outbreak was at the villages of Asia Minor. Katraneh, the nearest station to The Mission at Sidon, Syria Kerak on the Hejaj Railway, where One of the most stlccessful stations several of the station officials were in Syria from an evangelical star;d- killed, telegraph wires were cut, and point is the American Presbvtenan the line destroyed for five or six miles Mission in Sidon, where Dr. Samuel of its length.' From thence the Be- Jessup and his son Stuart J ~ssup are douin, in strong force, marched upon laboring. Emigration contmues to deplete the ranks of the Syrian la- Kerak, and delivered an organized borers and church-members. Army attack Many of the leading Turkish conscription is now accelerating the officials and soldiers were murdered, while nearly all the Government buildemigration in spite of difficulties, how- ings, including the school, were ever, the education and evangelistic burned. The lives of the Christians work are progressing and there are many encouraging results both direct were SPared and their horses were and indirect. One great need is for not damaged or looted. For thirteen a new Arabic hymnal. It is hoped years the Church Missionary Society maintained medical mission at Kerak. that some friend will make possible but in 1908 it was dosed. its preparation and printing. Girls' College at Smyrna Burned A Missionary Farm at Sidon It is a cause for regret to learn of "An interesting development in mis- the partial destruction by fire of the sionary effort has taken place at Sidon, American ColIegiate Institute, the the Syrian mission of the Presbyterian American Board mission colIege for Church. having opened an agricultural girls at Smyrna.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 23

It is feared that this will seriously was close on 10,000, all for missionary interfere with the work of the insti- purposes, this in addition to over 60,- tute, which was established thirty 000 for self-support. The first misyears ago. sionary was sent out in I90S, and to a field where no Christian work had The students at the college number ever been done, but where to-day there about five hundred, while the Faculty is a community of 1,000 Christians, includes several American women. looked after by a band of 20 Telugu teachers, themselves early converts, Medical Work in Resht, Persia and 6 native Indian missionaries from Tinnevelly, all wholly supported by the Dr. J. D. France, of the American native society.-Men and Missions.

Presbyterian Mission in Resht, Persia, A Mission Arranged by Native Hites that their dispensary last year treated 2,432 new cases and 30498 pa- Christiana tients who returned for treatment. The assistants prescribed for or drest In September last the Tinnevelly 3,703, so that the total was 9,633, or itinerating band, under the leadership an average of 30 a day. There has of Mr. E. Keyworth, worked for a been a great increase in native Per- week in Srivaigundam in a "mission" sian physicians, some of whom are arranged by friends of the Indian Misskilful but many of whom are quacks. sionary Society of Tinnevelly. Mr. The hospital and surgical work has K. writes: "They had arranged a been very important, some patients campaign for the benefit especially of being obliged to sleep on the floor. English-speaking government officials, land-owners and lawyers. Mr. Ap- There is still a strong popular pre- pasami, a widely-known and muchjudice against minor operations, but respected convert of long standing, this prejudice is decreasing and pa- now retired from the bar, threw himtients have been coming from prac- self into the work with great enthutically every place visited last year siasm in arranging lectures on 'The by the missionaries. The evangelistic plan of salvation,' 'Follow the opportunities are beyond the power gleam,' 'The Supernatural in nature,' of the missionaries to accept. Resht etc. For four nights the meetings, enis 20 miles from the Caspian Sea, and livened by Tamil Christian music, were is a city of fifty or sixty thousand well attended by the class of hearers inhabitants. There is great need for that we sought to reach, some of whom a larger hospital and more workers.* afterward bought a quantity of Chris- tian literature." INDIA A Union College at Banga]ore Self-Suppo..t and Self-Christianization The 1l1.adras .JIlail gives an account Those who heard George Sherwood of the opening meeting of the United Eddy during the Laymen's Movement Theological College for South India Campaign last year will recall the pow- and Ceylon. The principal is the erful Use he made of the career of Rev. James Mathers. The Internathe Rev. V. S. Azariah, a native only tional character of the college council two generations removed from devil- is interesting-England, Scotland, Ireworship, but who had been associated land, America, and Denmark have with Mr. Eddy in Christian service as each their representatives. The VIesthe honorary secretary of the Tinne- leyan mission has decided to particivelly Missionary Movement, and was pate in the work and support of the likely to become the first Anglican college, and has made a nomination bishop of Asia. Speaking of the Tin- of a professor. The members of the nevelly Missionary Society, Mr. Aza- staff include a Danish Lutheran, an riah has said: "In the first year of Irish Presbyterian, a Wesleyan, and its life we gathered only 1,500 rupees; It member of the South Indian United but last year, the seventh, our income * Rev. and Mrs. Henry C. Schuler, of Resht, are now in America on furlough.

Church. It is expected that the es- easy to estimate. Believers are not tablishment of this college will mark immediately taken into the church. an era in the progress of Indian Chris- Two thousand persons signed probatianity. tionist slips. A geographical distribu- tion of these has been made among Illiterates in India and China the various denominations, so that each church becomes responsible for The Christian Literature Society the converts and probationers in its of India, of which the Hon. Lord immediate neighborhood. Reay, of London, is president, is calling attention to the deplorable. il- The Future of the Chinese Church literacy in the Far East. In the IndIan Empire it is stated that there are 277,- A self-supporting and self-govern- 000,000 and in China 300,000,000 who ing church in China is the reward, the can not read and write their own fruit, the jJY, and the crown of your languages. This illiteracy is one of long period of labor in that land. Some the greatest of all hindrances to the of our missionary friends are, indeed, progress of the Gospel. They can a little afraid of the Chinese Church not read, they can not think, they can Movement. But the Church can only not understand the teachings of Chris- become able to manage its own affairs tianity. In India practically all the by actually trying to manage them. A women and girls are illiterate, only I child learns to walk by actual walking. in 90 being able to read and write. Does this mean the breaking of friend- A phonetic method is advocated by ships with those who have sent .IS Mr. Joshua Knowles, a method by the Gospel, or is this anti-foreign? which roman letters and romanic sym- Decidedly no! We can never thank bols will displace complicated char- you enC'llgh for what you have done acters and will greatly simplify and for us. But now the time is come facilitate the instruction of the Far when every Chinese Christian should Eastern peoples.* be taught and led to undertake this responsibility, and to know his rela- CHINA tion to the Church. What is the mo- tive power of all this? It is the work- A Union Revival Effort ing of the same Spirit that inspired you to realize your responsibility Suchou, the capital of Kiang Su toward men of other lands.· Yes, the province, is the home of about half a same blest Spirit of God.-MR. million souls. It was occupied by mis- CHENG, delegate to the World Consionaries more than fifty years ago. ference. Never in its missionary history has there been such a revival as the one Christian Endeavor Moving On with which it was so wonderfully blest during the last year. Baptists The delegates present at the recent and Episcopalians, Methodists and three-days' Christian Endeavor con- Presbyterians, on both sides of the vention at Kwangchow, Honan, China. Mason and Dixon line, united in one In many ways the gathering was one union effort. The results vindicated of the most notable ever held in China. the wisdom of the plan. There was The occasion was the first anniversary no friction. Every denomination was of the organization of the first Chrisrepresented in the pulpit at some time tian Endeavor society in that section. during the meeting. And yet there It was all planned and carried out by was unanimity in the messages of the the Chinese from ideas which three preachers, for Jesus Christ, the Savior of them got at the Nanking Convenof the world, was the burden of every tion in May, 1909. At Kwangchow, sermon. The results of such are not as in almost every part of China, the missionary force is so inadequate that * See the leaflet "Our Duty to India and Indian if a missionary is laid aside for illness or other cause, these young Chris- Illiterates," published by the Christian Literature Society for India. 35 John Street, Bedford Row, London, W. c., England. (15 cents.)

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

tians are often left largely to get on that there was no destruction of prop- as best they can. Our Christian En- erty at Lien Chou, but at Sam Kong, deavor secretaries, Mr. and Mrs. ten miles away, where the chapel, Strother, encouraged these three school, parsonage and foreign house young men to start a Christian En- have been ruined. The first three of deavor Society to hold their people to- these buildings were of brick, and the gether, and make every Christian feel bare walls remain standing, but the his responsibility to work for Christ foreign residence is totally destroyed. and the Church. Their case is an- As no foreign missionaries are now other proof of the efficacy of Christian resident at Sam Kong, this house will Endeavor and its wonderful adapta- not be rebuilt. Rev. Stewart Kunkle, tion to local conditions and needs. who was alone at the Lien Chou sta- Four hundred dollars was raised and tion when the disturbances occurred, So persons were pledged to do evan- has been in no danger at any time, gelistic work in the country. and the report from Sam Kong is re- ceived from him. No Cabinet Yet for China There seems to be no danger of The throne has issued an edict, re- further trouble at either point, and fusing to create a Constitutional Mr. Kunkle explains that there was Cabinet, in compliance with a me- no serious anti-missionary spirit morial recently presented by the Na- manifested in any of the recent tional Assembly. The Imperial Senate occurrences. The wrath of the adopted a resolution praying for the mob was directed entirely at immediate creation of a Cabinet, and the local officials, who were unit was believed that the throne had dertaking to establish a new publicdecided to accede to this demand. school system for that part of China, and the point of their grievance was Christian Work on Japanese Railroad that the taxes for this purpose were being levied on the poor, while the Rev. T. C. Winn, of Dairen, Man- schools were being so organized that churia (formerly called Dalny), is ex- they would be especially for the adtending his work along the whole vantage of the rich. After the Sam length of the South Manchuria Rail- Kong riot, there was talk among the road. The railroad is under Japanese radicals of marching on Lien Chou to control and there are large colonies drive out the missionaries there, but of Japanese at every station. Mr. the men of a number of the villages Winn now has six regular preaching- adjacent to Lien Chou held a massplaces on the line above Mukden, and meeting and announced that they the railroad company has employed would go to the defense of the misfive Christian men to spend their sion premises there if it were neceswhole time visiting the families of sary to protect them, and this bold employees along the line to cheer and stand dissipated the danger. encourage them. The company does not allow these men to talk on posi- The Need of Christian Schools in Chin!> tively Christian themes unless individuals express a desire to hear of The goal of the old system of edu- Christianity, but the president of the cation in China was official preferrailroad says this form of service ment; the goal of the new system is can be done by nobody save by Chris- the same, but the subjects of education tian men. The company in one town and the methods of instruction are difhas erected a building for religious ferent. The Board of Education in purposes which Christians and Bud- Peking has elaborated a complete dhists use alternately. system from kindergarten to graduate and professional schools, but the Facts About Lien Chou Chinese are finding out that it is one thing to formulate ideals and quite The situation in the Lien Chou field another thing to carry them out. The of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions in Southern China shows

provinces are joining in the proces- every 100,000, and no less than four sion for educational progress, but it is provinces have one missionary to every discovered that very many of the new 250,000. That would mean twelve schools are a farce, and the students missionaries for the whole city of New are helping to make them such. 1n- York, and between three and four hunmoralities are conspicuous, and as true dred for the United States. Out of educational and moral forces the 1,971 wall~d cities in China, only 527 schools and colleges are failures. They are occupied, 27 per cent., leaving do not each students how to live, do not 1,450 great cities without a single misdevelop character, and do not inspire sionary. The aboriginal tribes of to lofty ideals of service. In many China (6,000,000) have no missioncases teachers who are conscientious ary. and capable are dismissed because they are unpopular. KOREA China's most pressing need is for The Little Land of Big Things men of character; there is need therefore for Christian Schools where men Dr. George Heber Jones has reare trained not only intelIectuaIIy but cently said: "Previous to 1905, bemoraIIy and spiritually. fore Korea's union with Japan, Japan faced America, and Korea was simply An Innovation in China a backdoor neighbor; but since 1905, Japan has changed face. She is now The Chinese calendar for 19m– facing Asia, big with possibilities and the second year of the new Emperor, with policies, and Korea has become Hsiian T'ung-is remarkable for one the front door of the Japanese Emextremely important fact: the Chris- pire. Japan during the past five years tian Sabbaths are marked, along with has spent over $40,000,000 in railroad the other Confucian feasts, holy days, exploitation in Korea; but those railetc., etc. The importance of this from roads are built of Pittsburgh rails, our point of view becomes apparent laid on Oregon ties, with locomotives when we remember that this "calen- from the Baldwin Company, and rolldar" is an official document in a way. ing-stock from the Pullman and other It is issued by the government for the American companies. The Koreans guidance of its subjects. It is more have a genius for religion. There is than a calendar. It is a guide to cor- dawning upon the Christian world a rect conduct during the coming year. Korean interpretation of Christian life For example, the red printing on the and practise. I used to hope to live top of the pages mentions the "lucky to see the day when there would be days" for starting on journeys, etc. a thousand Korean Christians. Now There is also full guidance given as there are 250,000, and more believers to the proper days to select for wed- in Jesus Christ." dings, burials, etc.; lists of days when visits are to be paid, presents offered The Gains of Twenty-five Years. and accepted, etc. ; the dates for united worship before the tablet of Confu- When the Rev. John F. Goucher cius and this year, for the first time, made his gift for the founding of the in addition, the dates of the Chris- Korea Mission of the Methodist Epistian worship days are marked! The copal Church in 1884, there was no calendar has a huge circulation. They prophet whose vision could foresee say three out of every five Chinese that in 1910 there would be 50,000 homes will possess one. probationers, members and inquirers as a result of that small beginning. What Paucity of Missionaries Means Prophecy has been outrun. To-day there is an annual conference of this The most fully occupied province church in Korea, with 34 full memin China has one missionary to every bers, 21 probationers. Seven confer- 40,000 people, while five other prov- ence districts take care of the work inces have only one missionary to

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

being done in over a thousand cities, the servants repeat the same prayer towns and hamlets, and the spirit of clay after day is rather funny. 'Whatevangelism in the name of Jesus Christ ever happens in the house, family is flaming from heart to heart among prayers are not given up. Every memour workers, both ministers and lay- ber of the household is prompt in men, in a manner unprecedented since getting ready for the morning meetthe days of the Acts of the Apostles. ing at the breakfast table to worship The Gospel is being preached, and God.-Japan Weekly Mail. thousands are turning to Christ. The sick are being healed, over 30,000 re- Roman Catholicism in Japan, Korea and ceiving treatment from our physicians last year. The youth are being taught, China there being 6,000 boys and girls in the Methodist schools. One of the leading Catholic mis- sionary magazines, Katholische Mis- JAPAN sionen, publishes interesting figures concerning the progress of Roman A Japanese Statesman on Ethics Catholicism in Japan, Korea and China between 1889 and 1909. According Count Okuma has recently said: to these figures, Japan had 37,016 "The fatal defect in the teachings of Roman Catholic natives in 1889, and the great sages of Japan and China 65,741 in 1909, so that the progress is that while they deal with virtue and there was remarkably slow. Korea morals, they do not sufficiently dwell had 15.416 Roman Catholic natives on the spiritual nature of man; and in 1889 and 68,016 in 1909, which any nation that neglects the spiritual, might be considered a quite encourtho it may flourish for a time, must aging increase were it not that the eventually decay. The origin of mod- Protestant natives have increased far ern civilization is to be found in the more rapidly. China had 542,662 Roteachings of the Sage of Judea, by man Catholic natives in 1889 and whom alone the necessary moral dy- 1,2IO,054 in 1909. While the increase namic is supplied."-Chinese Re- in China was very slow during the corder. closing ten years of the nineteenth century, it has been between 80,000 Family Worship in Japan and 100,000 annually during the last years, so that Roman Catholic mis- The Kirisutokyo Sekai publishes a sionaries in China are greatly encourletter on family worship, written by a Japanese lady whose husband is a aged. Christian. She says that the family worship in her house lasts less than AFRICA-NORTH AFRICA fifteen minutes. The whole familyassembles at 6 :45 A.M. around a table President Alexander Resigns in Egypt that will seat about ten people. Each person reads his verse of Scripture in Universal regret will be felt that turn, the little children and the serv- Dr. John R. Alexander has felt conants often making rather amusing mis- strained to tender his resignation of takes. Each member of the household the presidency of Assiut College. The has his or her morning for choosing a announcement has come to us unexhymn. After the Scripture reading is pectedly, and causes a deep sense of over, the master of the house explains loss. The statement made by the the meaning of certain verses, and TIoard of Foreign Missions contains chooses a text to be taken as a motto 110 explanation of the reasons for the for the day, and makes a few simple step, but Dr. Alexander's deep interest remarks thereon. Each member of in the college would yield only to nethe household takes it in turn to pray cessity in asking to be relieved. Dr. morning after morning. The children's Alexander was governed by a weIlprayers are very, very short, but im- defined purpose, an educated people pressive in many ways, and the way and a native ministry for the Church. He made no attempt to give the col- lege a name or a position above or

apart from its actual work. He saw agent of the Church Missionary So- the need of Egypt and met it by a ciety has just reported in regard to school with a broad curriculum and the Sudan district of Lava Enclave, a high standard, a school in which which we have recently taken over character and training for effective from the Belgian Government, that Christian work were ever kept in view. the condition of things "provides a The result is seen in the native min- startling object lesson in the meaning istry trained within its walls. He and of Anglo-Egyptian rule." He states his work have so appealed to the that the thickly-populated district will Church and to the large number of form a splendid ground for missions, visitors from other churches and other but that, at present, "without meaning lands that the name of Assuit College it," we have encouraged Mohamme- is known throughout the Christian danism. "Some 500 Mohammedan world, and is a factor of unmeasured soldiers and junior officers have been power in the spiritual and political poured into the country, and, of regeneration of Egypt.-United Pres- course, Friday has become the of- byterian. ficial day of rest. All government work The Girls' College at Cairo goes on as usual on Sundays. The only schools are those held by The need for a higher educational the Mohammedan mollahs of the Suschool for Egyptian girls has long danese battalions, and the base of been pressing. Many have been turned their teaching is the Koran. This away from the United Presbyterian system is forcing Mohammedanism on Girls' Boarding School in Cairo, and the country, and it has already held the parents have shown a willingness sway for years over what we call the to support a more advanced institu- Pagan Sudan. . At present the tion. The First United Presbyterian nation can only conclude that Moham- Church of Allegheny, Pa., has given medanism is the religion of England." the money to purchase the ground -The Christian. needed and many have united to sup- A Traveling Evangelist in Africa ply the funds for buildings. After many delays the college was opened In Der Evangelische H eidenbote, as a day school, December 6th, with Missionary H. Henking, of Nsaba, in 176 pupils in an unfurnished build- the Gold Coast Colony of West Africa, ing. The boarding department opened writes concerning a remarkable December 20th, with fifty boarders. African itinerant preacher, who vis- ited his station last September quite Among the pupils are 80 Copts, IS unexpected on a Saturday. "On Sun- day morning, we and our native Protestants, 54 Moslems, 12 Jewesses Christians went to the heathen's town, and IS Roman Catholics. One is the daughter of a former Turkish Ambassador to America. The school where the strange preacher, in simple building is well planned, with chapel, and plain English, discust the ways school-rooms, etc. Beside the regu- to condemnation and to life. One of lar classes for academic studies, there our teachers translated the exceedare Sabbath-school, C. E. Society, inly clear address, which could be Arabic preaching service, etc. Re- understood by any ignorant heathen. cently the girls gave a thank-offering At the evening service the stranger of $13S for work among the women admonished our Christians and our teachers and the next day he wanin Egypt.

England and Mohammedanism dered on, a long cane in his hand, hard sandals on his feet, and a light bundle The British Empire continues to of clothing upon his back. None grow in extent, but whether we are would have suggested that the wan- sufficiently alive to our responsibilities derer had been roaming thus through toward those who are brought under the thick forests and the hot deserts British rule is somewhat doubtful. The of Africa for four years.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

In the short hours which the wan- renewed energy. The plan was laid derer spent with us he reluctantly before the international railway congave a little account of his life. His gress at Bern last summer. It is proancestors had been brought as slaves posed to build this line either to Dafrom West Africa to the West Indies, kar or to Bathurst, which ever is the where he himself was born on the nearest point to Pernambuco in Braisland of Trinidad, and was called zil. The sea voyage from Pernam- George Newton. Brought up as a buco to Dakar requires three days, the Roman Catholic, he later came into time by rail from Dakar to Tangier fuller light and felt called to preach would be about two days. From Tanthe Gospel to his black brethren in gier across the strait to Gibraltar is Africa as an itinerant preacher. He ten miles. The entire distance from started from the West Indies without Europe to South America would be any certain plan of procedure, landed reduced to five days. It is proposed to in Cape Town, and immediately began build the road on the standard Euroa life of missionary itinerancy. He pean gage, so that it will be possible to wandered through Cape Colony and ship European trains across the Strait Basutoland, discarding gradually all of Gibraltar without breaking bulk. his baggage as too heavy or too expen- The promoters confidently expect a sive. Then he went, almost always on heavy traffic, and plan to build a foot, through the lands of the Boers, double track. the countries of the Bechuanas and Barotses, and the Belgian and French Slavery to be Abolished Kongoes, making his way slowly northward, calling to the people every- The British Friend is informed by where, "Seek ye salvation for your the Anti-slavery and Aborigines Prosouls." Trusting the Lord for the tection Society that, recognizing the supply of every need, he crossed the unique opportunity now presented for great continent, until, finally after bringing about the liberation of the four years, he reached the Gold Coast 40,000 slaves on the coca-producing Colony and the station of Mr. Henk- islands of San Thome and Principe, ing, whence he proceeded on his mis- and also the prevention of slave-tradsion of mercy. The natural timidity ing in Angola, they have decided to of the African negro has left him and send an influential deputation to Lisfull consecration has taken the place bon at an early date. They also state of the common negro's inclination to that they have received authoritative seek the easiest job. evidence confirming the truth of the charges of pillage, outrage and mas- In every place he preaches but once, sacre made against the officials of a because he feels it his duty not to rest rubber company trading in the upper until he has brought the tidings of Amazon, which has its headquarters salvation in Christ to all Africa. Thus in London. The story, which will he expects to go on, from place to shortly be made public, surpasses in place, an itinerant evangelist, until the horror, it is said, the worst of the tired feet will no longer carry him Kongo atrocities. and the worn-out body will be unable to stand the strain. ffraining for Zulu Preachers George Newton, the black traveling A Norwegian missionary to the evangelist of Africa, is a wonderful Zulus writes N orske Missions Tidende example of the power of divine grace of his training school for evangelists in the heart of man. among these intrepid savages-5,555 of whom are now in the membership A New Afric.n Railroad of various Christian missions. The course is nine months long; and carries The scheme for a new railroad, the student through a careful evan- 1,750 miles in length, down the west gelical study of the gospels and cercoast of Africa, from Tangier to Da- tain epistles, the catechism with Klavekar in Senegal, is being pushed with ness' explanations, and Vogt's church

history, besides providing exercise in December 24th at Sialkot, India. He preaching and instruction concerning was born in Irondale, Ohio, in 1836, the care of souls. The pupils go out was graduated from Jefferson Coltwo by two, Sundays, to preach in lege, (now Washington and Jefferson heathen kraals. "For diligence, at- College,) studied at the Allegheny and tention and Christian walk I can give Xenia Theological seminaries and them the highest praise. It has been was ordained in 1865. The following a delight to work among them, for year he went to India. Three daughthey seem to ripen more and more and ters are missionaries in India. to get hold of the central teachings of Christianity. I have noticed that Rev. Dr. John H. Harpster the beginners usually preach on moral themes, but as they develop, the On February 1st, Dr. John Henry ground principles of Christ's teaching Harpster, the veteran missionary of take a continually more important the Lutheran General Council, died in place in their thought." Mount Airy, Philadelphia. He was born at Center Hall, Pa., on April 27, Chinese Coolies Converted on the Rand 1844, and after serving in the Civil War, was ordained to the Lutheran "We have been often hearing," Ministry in 1871. J:Ie went to India, writes one of our missionaries in where he was statlOned at Guntur. China, "of Chinese coolies deported From 1879 to 1893 he was pastor of from South Africa to their native churches in America, after which he land, coming to varied mission sta- returned to India, where he served tions with letters of introduction from until 1909, when he returned on fur- Christian workers in South Africa. A lough and engaged in deputation party of these men returning to China work. Dr. Harpster was a conseapplied on one of the boats to the cap- crated Christian and an able missiontain for a place to meet, and there ary. His death means a great loss they gathered for prayer and the study to his Church and to the world. of the Scriptures during the voyage. One of these men told the missionary Rev. J. H. Sobey, of Costa Rica that while on the Rand he and others came under the influence of a remark- After a ministry of forty years, Rev. able man, a Norwegian, a self-supporting missionary to the coolies and J oshua Heat~ Sobey, of Costa Rica, others working there. He preached in their language to blacks, whites and passed away m November. He held a yellows, as occasion offered. He learned Chinese by working with number of Baptist pastorates and at Chinamen in a carpenter's shop. This coolie himself was one of a batch of the invitation of the Baptist Mission- 40 Chinese, who, coming under the spell of this Norwegian, learned the ary Society he took charge of the story of Jesus' love, gave up their evil practises, and entered their names as Second Baptist Church at MIonnteOfi"~oe applicants for baptism; and when they Bay, Jamaica, West Indies. were returning to China they received open letters to various missions there years he was led to engage in the esfrom Christians in Africa." tablishment of Christian work on the OBITUARY NOTES Cayman Islands. Then he went to in- Rev. Samuel Martin of India. vestigate the condition of the people Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., a pioneer missionary of the Presby- on the coasts of Central America. terian Board of Foreign Missions died What he discovered led him to leave his Church .to take up pioneer work in LthienoRn,epuwbhlIecreofhiCs oswtaorkRicwa~sat Port abun- dantly blest.

When the Isthmian Canal Commis- sion took charge of the work of con- structing the Panama Canal, Mr.

Sobey became associated with them a!!

a chaplain.

THE MISSIONARY

THE UNIQUE MESSAGE AND UNIVERSAL MIS- the hindrances met in missionary SION OF CHRISTIANITY. By James Frank- work, and gives an excellent account lin Love, D.O. I2mO, 256 pages. $1.25. of Christian missions before and Fleming H. Revel1 CO. I9IO. after the reformation. One chapter is ~e~oted to early Church of England There is no more important sub- MISSIOns, and one to the outlook in ject in connection with the missionary 1843. work of the Church than the essential character and value of the gospel mes- It is interesting to note that even sage for the whole world. If Christ at that early date Dr. Grant recogbrought no all important message nized the need for a scientific study which other religions do not possess, of missions and of the science of misor if this message is not adapted to sions. He pleads for a careful invesall races and classes of men, then tigation of non-Christian beliefs and there is no sufficient reason for the Christian propaganda. practises, and an investigation of Caste and its influence. He sees in Dr. Love shows that the truths that the progress already made an angury actually save men are confined to of future success and notes in pagan Christianity and that they apply with nations the signs of new life. Some equal force to all mankind. In developing his subject the author shows of the statements about Africa and man to be a religious being, that a supernatural revelation is a human Turkey might almost seem to have necessity if truth is to be ascertained, been written ten years ago, so little and proceeds to give evidence that has the situation changed except in such a revelation is contained in the the number and strength of mission- ary centers.

Old and New Testament teachings LEPERS. By Rev. John Jackson, F.R.G.s. 8vo, 208 pages. 3s 6d net. Marshall and in the personality and work of Brothers, London. 19lO. Jesus Christ. The story of thirty-six years of If Christ and His religion are true, work among lepers is pathetic but and if through Him comes the only stimulating, for it is sad and heroic. hope of man's salvation, then the ob- This new and revised edition of the history of the Mission to Lepers in ligation of all Christians to help in the India and the East can not fail to extension of the Gospel is unavoidable. awaken sympathy for the unfortunate The theology of the volume is conser- sufferers who are afflicted with living vative.

THE PAST AND PROSPECTIVE EXTENSION death and for the noble ministers to their physical and spiritual needs. OF THE GOSPEL BY MISSIONS TO THE Such work calls for and merits the HEATHEN. By Anthony Grant. 1843. hearty support of every Christian. Reedited by Canon Charles H. Robin- son. 12mo, 270 pages. S. P. G., London, 1910. Read the book and then make a thank- Dr. Robinson has considered these offering.

Brampton Lectures, delivered at LIFE IN THE ORIENT. By K. H. Basmajian. Oxford nearly seventy years ago, of 8vo, 277 pages. $r.oo net. American sufficient merit to be republished. Tract Society, New York. 19IO.

Their chief contribution of value to . An Armenian author gives his missionary literature is their account views of the social religious and of early and medieval Christian Mis- political conditions ni Turkey at the sions. Some of the information in present day. The book is a third edi- the appendices is not elsewhere to be tion revised to bring it down to date.

found in print-it has been gathered The author is a strong believer in from many Latin sources. Christian missions and speaks em- Dr. Grant gives us a careful study phatically in their favor. He was of the Subject of missions from the born in Adrianople in 1853, was con- view-point of the first half of the verted at eighteen years of age in a Nineteenth Century. He upholds the Protestant Church, was driven from universality of the Gospel, describes home, became a preacher at Marsovan

and elsewhere, and studied at Crozir progress of Christian Missions since Theological Seminary in America. the days of the Apostles, the author chronicles the most outstanding Mr. Basmajian's book gives an ex- triumphs of the Cross. His language cellent description of the Armenian is clear, his conception is fine, and his Church and its condition, of the judgment is good. Thus the book is missIOnary work among Arme- most instructive and interesting. May nians and the general situation in it fulfil its purpose which we conceive Turkey under Sultan Abdul Hamid to be the stirring up of the Chris- II. The chapters on the "Present tion Reformed Church unto Mission- State of the Eastern Church" and the ary activity among the multitudes of "Down of the New Era" throw much heathen in foreign lands. That proslight on the conditions and outlook perous denomination, with 138 minfor the general reader. isters, 189 churches, 14,554 families, and 76,083 souls, has hitherto limited MISSIONARY HEROES IN OCEANIA.. By John its missionary activity to the heathen C. Lambert, D.D. Illustrated. I2mo, 163 Indians of New Mexico and to the Jews in the United States. It has the pages. 75 cents. J. B. Lippincott Co., means and, we believe, the men, to enter upon missionary work abroad Philadelphia. 1910 without injuring its blest work at home. May this book, which we No field is more full of romance heartily commend, aid in the starting and adventure, or picturesque atmos- of a forward movement. phere and thrilling interest, than the mission fields among the savages in REAL RELIGION. Rev. Howard A. Bridgthe islands of the Pacific. There have man. Izmo, 185 pages. 75 cents, net. been enacted feats of daring heroism The Pilgrim Press, Boston. 1910. and there have been witnessed marvelous transformations. Dr. Lambert The managing editor of The Conhas selected some of the heroic inci- gregationalist and Christian World dents from the history of missions in has gathered together in this attract- Oceania for his present volume. ive little volume a bundle of very There are the stories of Patteson in practical messages on every-day life Melanesia, Chalmers in New Guinea, and religion. They are short straight Damien and Kapiolani in Hawaii, talks on such topics as Luck, Begin- Calvert in Fiji and Paton in the New ning Again, Good Cheer, The Buried Hebrides. Life, Business, Easy Street, Snap Judgments etc. They are not in- The author does not give as full tended as studies in fundamentals, but and graphic description of incidents are calculated to start helpful lines of with lives of his heroes as the circum- thought and lead on to better living. stances merit. A more detailed account of some of the adventures would NEW BOOKS make the volume more attractive to young readers. The biographical THE BALANCE OF TRUTH (The Gospel for sketches are, however, forceful and Moslems). By Rev. C. G. Pfander, D.D. inspiring. 8vo. lOs, 6d, net. Religious Tract So- ciety, London. 1911. TRIUMFEN VAN HET KIWIS. Schetsen der Zending onder de Heidenen van aIle UNKNOWN PEOPLE IN AN UNKNOWN LAND. eenwen en aIlerei la'nden. Voor ons By W. Barbrooke Grubb. I2mo. Seeley HoIlandsch Volk geteekend door Henry & Co., London. 1911.

Beets. Met Afbeeldingen, 282 pages. J. DR. APRICOT OF HEAVEN BELOW (The Hang B. Hulst, Grand Rapids, Mich. Chow Medical Mission C. M.S.). By Kingston de Gruche. 8vo, 144 pages. The book, written in the Dutch lan- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1911. guage, is chiefly penned for the benefit of the members of the Christian THE NEXT TEN YEARS-A Centennial Reformed Church, of which the Address by Samuel B. Capen. American author is a prominent pastor and Board of Commissioners for Foreign editor, but it is of much interest to Missions, Boston. 1911. anyone who is able to understand the Dutch. Giving a brief history of the HENRY GRATTAN GUINNESS, D.D. Memo- rial Number of the Regions Beyond, London. January-February, 19II.